Phytoplankton are known as important harbingers of climate change in aquatic ecosystems. Here, the influence of the oceanographic settings on the phytoplankton community structure in the western South China Sea (SCS) was investigated during two seasons, i.e., the winter (December 2006) and summer (August–September, 2007). The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of diatoms (192 taxa), dinoflagellates (109 taxa), and cyanobacteria (4 taxa). The chain-forming diatoms and cyanobacteria Trichodesmium were the dominants throughout the study period. The phytoplankton community structure displayed distinct variation between two seasons, shifting from a diatom-dominated regime in winter to a cyanobacteria-dominated system in summer. The increased abundance of overall phytoplankton and cyanobacteria in the water column during the summer signifies the impact of nutrient advection due to upwelling and enriched eddy activity. That the symbiotic cyanobacteria–diatom (Rhizosolenia–Richelia) association was abundant during the winter signifies the influence of cool temperature. On the contrary, Trichodesmium dominance during the summer implies its tolerance to increased temperature. Overall, the two seasonal variations within the local phytoplankton community in the western SCS could simulate their community shift over the forthcoming climatic conditions.


 Abstract —This paper summarizes the experiences and the lessons learned from the Information Society Technologies (IST) Framework Programme 6 (FP6) project Amigo, finalized in 2008. Amigo provides a platform and building blocks for technologically advanced home environments that support all networked devices and services in the home using a service-oriented architecture, Web services and protocols such as Universal Plug and Play (UPnP).


Abstract Defensive repositioning strategies (shifts) have become more prevalent in Major League Baseball in recent years. In 2018, batters faced some form of the shift in 34% of their plate appearances (Sawchik, Travis. 2019. "Don't Worry, MLB–Hitters Are Killing The Shift On Their Own." FiveThirtyEight, January 17, 2019. Also available at fivethirtyeight.com/features/dont-worry-mlb-hitters-are-killing-the-shift-on-their-own/). Most teams use a shift that overloads one side of the infield and adjusts the positioning of the outfield. In this work we describe a mathematical approach to the positioning of players over the entire field of play without the limitations of traditional positions or current methods of shifting. The model uses historical data for individual batters, and it leaves open the possibility of fewer than four infielders. The model also incorporates risk penalties for positioning players too far from areas of the field in which extra-base hits are more likely. This work is meant to serve as a decision-making tool for coaches and managers to best use their defensive assets. Our simulations show that an optimal positioning with three infielders lowered predicted batting average on balls in play (BABIP) by 5.9% for right-handers and by 10.3% for left-handers on average when compared to a standard four-infielder placement of players.


In response to a number of serious road tunnels in Europe, a series of "thematic networks" addressing tunnel safety have been developed by the European Commission. The "Fire in Tunnels" (FIT) network was created for the purpose of enhancing knowledge exchange and developing a European consensus on fire safety for road, rail, and transit tunnels. The output of FIT is in the form of six databases available on the Internet, as well as publications on the topics of fire safe design and fire response management. The six databases cover: 1) recent research projects on fire safety; 2) descriptions of test site facilities involving tunnel fires; 3) numerical models available for assessing the consequences and impacts of tunnel fires; 4) technical safety equipment; 5) assessment reports on fire accidents in tunnels; and, 6) measures for upgrading tunnels to improve fire protection. Two other thematic networks described in the article include UPTUN, which will focus on cost-effective, sustainable and innovative upgrading methods for fire safety in existing tunnels, and the Safety in Tunnels (SafeT) network which will analyze existing literature and current practices on tunnel safety, and prepare reports and guidelines for tunnel safety.


This paper records altogether nine species of the genus Carabus Linnaeus, 1758 and two species of the genus Procerus Dejean, 1828 from the Province of Hatay (Southern Turkey). Notes are given on distribution, ecology, phenology, morphology, and taxonomy of Carabus caramanus Fairmaire, 1886 (species inquirienda), C. rumelicus Chaudoir, 1867, C. graecus Dejean, 1826, C. coriaceus Linnaeus, 1758, C. impressus (Klug, 1832), C. punctatus (Castelnau, 1835) (the taxon antakyae Korell, 1985 has erroneously been combined with this species by some authors), C. mulsantianus Morawitz, 1886, C. morawitzi Ganglbauer, 1887 (specimens which were recently recorded from northern Lebanon are considered to be the nominal form of this species. The indication "Asia minor" of the lectotype is most probably wrong), C. hemprichi Dejean, 1826 (C. propheta Rapuzzi, 1995, stat. nov., is considered to be a subspecies of C. hemprichi), Procerus syriacus Kollar, 1843, P. scabrosus (Olivier, 1795).


The present invention relates to an energy storage unit (1) comprising a plurality of electrically interconnected with each other Energiespeichersubeinheiten (2) each having a first electrode (3) and a second electrode (4), a receiving device (5) with a receiving space (6), in which the Energiespeichersubeinheiten (2) are arranged, and a first contacting element (7) and a second contact (8), which can be provided by one of the Energiespeichersubeinheiten (2) tapped voltage. The receiving device (5) comprises at least while a first electrically conductive formed inner wall (9) which is electrically conductively connected to the first contacting element (7), at least one second electrically conductive formed inner wall (10) connected to the second contacting element (8) is electrically conductively connected, and electrically non-conductive outer walls (11). The Energiespeichersubeinheiten (2) are electrically connected via the at least one first inner wall (9) and the at least one second inner wall (10) with each other. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an energy storage system comprising a plurality of the invention designed according to the energy storage units (1) which are electrically interconnected.


I 1959, the Tibetan government was forced into exile following an uprising with China. During the ensuing guerilla warfare that lasted fifteen years, Tibet witnessed the death of thousands of citizens. The Dalai Lama and his followers escaped to a hidden valley in the high hills of Dharamsala, India and settled in McLeod Ganj. McLeod Ganj has now become a center for the Tibetan refugee society in India. It boasts a strong resemblance to Lhasa, the original capital of Tibet. In McLeod Ganj many Tibetans have finally found peace, stability, and a local community willing to accept their differences. McLeod Ganj has become their "Little Lhasa." This photo essay illustrates the Tibetan minority in exile in India on their quest to preserve their culture and religion.


As part of broader US foreign policy efforts the Department of Defense (DoD) increasingly conducts complex operations which focus on efforts to influence local populations. These "hearts and minds" operations often include humanitarian and development construction projects. The wider impact on US foreign policy effort from the US military's participation in projects traditionally conducted by civilian agencies is not well understood. This research examined the effects on local public opinion from two US Air Force led "Operation New Horizons" Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA) missions conducted in the nation of Belize in 2013 and 2014. The study specifically looked for a relationship between US led humanitarian activities and observational changes in local government performance and local attitudes towards the US. This research developed methodology to examine for these effects through geospatial analysis of the AmericasBarometer public opinion surveys already being collected at the national level. The results of this research showed the feasibility of incorporating analysis of this type of data into the evaluation of DoD humanitarian and development projects. Further, the results of this study suggest that the 2013 and 2014 New Horizons projects did not have a significant effect on local government performance. Additionally, this study found US activities to be associated with drops in both trust in the US government and US military among local populations.


The application of a new mean value theorem to the fractional parts of polynomials 1. Introduction. The new mean value estimates provided by recent advances in Waring's problem (see, in particular, [9, 10, 11, 14]) may plainly be applied to improve current estimates for αn k , the distance from αn


In this paper, a method is presented for analyzing and documenting the pitting failure of spur and helical gears through digital photography and automatic computerized evaluation of the damaged tooth fl ank surface. The authors have developed an accurate, cost-effective testing procedure that provides an alternative to vibration analysis or oil debris methods commonly used in conjunction with similar test-rig programs.


In most current approaches to Computer Game-Playing, including those employing some form of machine learning, the game analysis mainly is performed by humans. Thus, we are sidestepping largely the interesting (and difficult) questions. Human analysis also makes it difficult to evaluate the generality and applicability of different approaches. To address these problems, we introduce a new challenge: Metagame. The idea is to write programs which take as input the rules of a set of new games within a pre-specified class, generated by a program which is publicly available. The programs compete against each other in many matches on each new game, and they can then be evaluated based on their overall performance and improvement through experience. This paper discusses the goals, research areas, and general concerns for the idea of Metagame. Parts of this work have been supported by RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center [FIA], and a British Marshall Scholarship.


Use was made of the adsorption by Cab-- 0--Sil M5 Silica 99.0 to 99.7% SiO/sub 2/) in controlling counting losses. Adsorbing compounds, when counted without silica, gave low initial count rates. Using silica they gave stable values over a period with count rates as high as homogeneous systems. Nonadsorbing compounds gave equally good efficiencies (48 to 50%) with or without silica. (P.C.H.)


Disclosure of classified data in multilevel database systems is threatened by direct user access, user inference, Trojan Horse release, and Trojan Horse leaks. Earlier work showed how the problems of direct user access and Trojan Horse release can be solved by using a trusted filter and cryptographic checksums, but left the problems of inference and leaks open. We now show how the problem of user inference can be solved with the concept of a commutative filter that ensures that the result returned to a user is equivalent to one that would have been obtained had the query been posed against an authorized view of the database. The technique allows query selections, some projections, query optimization, and subquery handling to be performed by the database system. It does not solve the Trojan Horse leakage problem.


A film-like void array structure having a first main surface and second main surface that oppose each other and a plurality of voids penetrating both the first main surface and second main surface, wherein at least one area that is a portion of the second main surface and touches three or more of the plurality of voids in a planar view from a direction normal to the second main surface has a protrusion protruding from the second main surface in the direction normal to the second main surface.


Development of eco-friendly green synthesis nanoparticles has become more interest and focus in current scenario. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using methanolic extracts of Heterodermia boryi and Parmotrema stuppeum lichen species collected from The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu. The physical appearance of synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by color change, UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, Electron spectroscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques. The size of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Heterodermia boryi and Parmotrema stuppeum were at 27.91nm to 37.21nm and 27.69 nm to 36.00 nm respectively. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle was tested against six bacterial pathogens both gram positive and gram negative. The results showed potential activity against Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus.


The utility model relates to a pipeline garbage collecting and storage device, which comprises an upright conveying pipe, etc., wherein, the upright conveying pipe is provided with lead-in mouths which are communicated with garbage-dumping mouths of each floor in longitudinal separation. The utility model is characterized in that the top end of the conveying pipe is communicated with the top of a building, and is provided with a drawing-exhausting fan which can pump odor in a passage to the open air; the lower part of the drawing-exhausting fan of the conveying pipe is provided with a passage cleaning device; the passage cleaning device is composed of a spray head, a cleaning scraping device placed at the lower part of the spray head, and cables arranged between the top of the cleaning scraping device and a rope roller driven by the motor in connection; a storage slot is a rotary barrel-shaped structure and is horizontally placed; the inner circumference of the storage slot is provided with a conveying screw which can convey and compress the garbage forwards; the external of the storage slot is covered with an external conveying-slot.


Among the features of the miracles of the Qur'an is on its perfection of language and meaning that includes in the study of linguistics (al-durus min jihhat al-lughah). The linguistics can be seen, for example, from the aspect of style, the broad meaning of words and sentences that have meanings beyond their literal significance. One of the literary styles of the Qur'an that often used is the metaphors (isti'arah) which is an integral part of the study of al-majaz al-lughawi. Many scholars argue that this metaphorical aspect of the Qur'an closely related to the function of beautifying word structure. On the other hand, this article aims to show that the metaphorical aspect of the Qur'an has several strategic functions, including to build and expand an idea that was previously unthinkable and to broaden the idea of a living order comprehensively. By discussing linguistic studies from the aspect of majazi (metaphor) and the elaboration of the meaning of the word (al-taghayyur al-dala'il) in the Qur'an, this article, therefore, confirms the universality and flexibility of the Qur'anic language.


I argue that a specific compositional device, the so-called "anticipatory doublet," can be observed in ancient accounts of the poems of the Epic Cycle. This insight can help shed light on the narrative and thematic structure of these poems and buttresses the view that their authors were well-versed in the com- positional methods of the old oral tradition. The Cypria waS a lengThy and colorful epic that was once very widely read, no doubt for the great interest of its subject matter (the abduction of Helen and beginnings of the Trojan War). Perhaps it was admired, too, though the artistry of its composition has been questioned since antiquity, as is the case with the other poems of the so-called Epic Cycle. An ancient summary by Proclus (probably of the fifth century c.e.) 1 includes an odd redundancy from the part of the poem immediately following the judgment of Paris, in which he gave first prize in beauty to Aphrodite in exchange for possession of Helen (arg. 9-11): 2


Population ageing combined with the increasing urbanisation present challenges for Australian cities. In response government policy has shifted towards supporting seniors to remain independent and in good health for as long as possible in the attempt to reduce welfare demand as the number of seniors eligible for aged care is set to increase. Modifying the city to enable this adjustment is critical if the benefits promised by this shift in policy are to be delivered. This paper presents the interim findings of a study investigating senior persons' engagement with Australian universities. It reveals how, through engaging with a university, seniors are implementing a form of pro-active coping helping them to age positively. Ageing positively being the ability to maintain a low risk of disease and disease-related disability, high level of physical and mental functioning, and importantly, active engagement with life. Using mixed methods including an audit of Australian university websites and multiple case studies, the types of activities attracting seniors to participate with a university are identified. Participant interviews provide insight into seniors' motivations and their patterns of engagement within the campus setting. The findings suggest that recreation and volunteering preferences of older persons may be changing. The qualities of the campus environment are also emerging as an important attraction encouraging senior participation. In contrast to settings more typically associated with older persons, the campus is markedly different and again challenges assumptions about the types of environments seniors prefer.


Using a special arc-melting technique, sound, homogeneous 100-g cylindrical castings of UC of near stoichi ometric composition were consistently produced. In the casting process developed, UC buttons previously prepared by arc melting the elements were placed over the opening of a graphite mold in a helium-atmosphere arc furnace. When the UC button became fully molten under the arc, it dropped by gravity into the mold. The densities of the resultant castings were about 95% of theoretical. The castings could be successfully machine ground using a water-base cutting fluid. In a preliminary determination of some physical properties of cast UC, the thermal conductivity measured at 100, 400, and 700 deg C was 0.060, 0.053, and 0.060 cal/(sec)(cm)(C), respectively. The mean linear- thermal-expansion coefficient in the temperature range from 20 to 95o deg C was 11.4 x 10/sup -6/ per C. Cast UC encapsuled in stainless steel exhibited good resistance to thermal stress and shock in two series of tests of 100 thermal cycles to 90WC and 100 cycles to 1100 deg C. Heat treating a casting specimen for 1 hr at 1000 deg C produced no significant change in microstructure, but after a subsequent exposure of 1 hr at 1500 degmore » C hardening and the appearance of the U/sub 2/C/sub 3/ phase were evident. In tests of compressive strength on a single specimen rupture occurred at 54,500 psi. (auth)« less


pies of the other categories, Dr. Prasad cites the annexation of Oudh (misrule), Berar (debt), and Satara and Jhansi (lapse). The reader is reminded that Dalhousie did not invent the doctrine of lapse, but that it had been accepted by the Court of Directors several years before his arrival. One of the results of the subsidiary system was growing misrule in the states. According to the author, British protection removed all fear of popular uprisings and led the princes to abuse their people. The Government then had a moral sanction for annexation. Paradoxically, the moral sanction for annexation was obtained by emphasizing the state's independence, but the political sanction for annexation was derived from the assertion of paramountcy.


We give a class of bounded closed sets $C$ in a Banach space satisfying a generalized and stronger form of the Bishop-Phelps property studied by Bourgain in \cite{Bj} for dentable sets. A {\it"quantitative version of the Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as"} will be also given. On the one hand, the density and the risiduality of bounded linear operators attaining their maximum on $C$ (known in the literature) will be replaced, for this class of sets, by being the complement of a $\sigma$-porous set. On the other hand, the result of the paper is applicable for both linear and non-linear operator spaces. When we apply our result to subsets (from this class) whose closed convex hull is the closed unit ball, we obtain a new class of Banach spaces involving property $(A)$ introduced by Lindenstrauss. We also establish that this class of Banach spaces is stable under $l^1$-sum when the spaces have a same"modulus". Applications to norm attaining mappings in the space of bounded multilinear mappings and the Lipschitz-free space will also be given.


The studied compounds were prepared by the precipitation
method mixing Ti3+ in concentrated HCl with aqueous solution of
[M(CN)6]4– where M = Fe, Ru, Os. The formed solids,
Ti3Cl[M(CN)6]2·10H2O, were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray
diffraction, thermogravimetry, Mossbauer spectroscopy, energy-disperse
X-ray spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, adsorption data, and
chemical analyses. Their crystal structures were solved and refined
from the recorded X-ray powder patterns in the Fm3¯ m space group.
This series of compounds has a porous framework with a relatively high free volume, which is occupied by coordinated and hydrogen
bonded water molecules. The charge balancing Cl– ion was found coordinated
to titanium atoms. This series of porous solids was studied in
order to explore the hydrogen interaction with the titanium atoms
found at the surface of the cavities. On the water removal by moderate
heating their porous framework collapses as reveal the nitrogen, CO2,
and hydrogen adsorption but without complex salt decomposition. On
the solids rehydration the porous framework is partially restored.


In this paper I intend to try to explain briefly and in general terms the reasons for there being a Department of Energy. I will follow that by showing why the Department needs to have information about energy R&D and finally how the Department collects and holds information on energy R&D.


A scientific and reasonable taxation system for the real estate is determined by the value preference of legislation.Considering China's productivity,the marketing condition of the houses,the conflicts of the place and population and the characteristics of the real estate taxation,it is suggested to employ the value of "equality and efficiency".This type of taxation is supposed to be the local taxation which is made by the central government with certain possibility for the local government to decide the progressive tax rateetc.


IN a recent paper Ruska1 demonstrated experimentally the possibility of surpassing considerably the resolving power of an ordinary microscope by the use of an electron microscope. This high resolving power cannot be applied in biological research, however, without developing a new histological technique to prevent the destruction of the organic cells by the intense electronic bombardment.


The operational principle of passive detection radar based on outer radiation source is introduced. Based on the in-depth research study on operational principle of non-cooperation bistatic(multi) radar and the requirement for air target detection especially stealth target detection, a space-ground bistatic(multi) radar system based on navigation satellite signal is presented. The paper has analyzed the feasibility of target detection using navigation satellite signal and the problems for system function realization. The system operational principle and detection performance has also been studied.


1 Visser MJ, Verberk MM, van Dijk FJ et al. Wet work and hand eczema in apprentice nurses; part I of a prospective cohort study. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 70:44–55. 2 Apfelbacher CJ, Funke U, Radulescu M, Diepgen TL. Determinants of current hand eczema: results from case–control studies nested in the PACO follow-up study (PACO II). Contact Dermatitis 2010; 62:363–70. 3 Lysdal SH, Johansen JD, Flyvholm MA, Søsted H. A quantification of occupational skin exposures and the use of protective gloves among hairdressers in Denmark. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 66:323–34. 4 Committee on Hazardous Substances. TRGS 401. Risks resulting from skin contact – identification, assessment, measures. Available at: http://www.baua.de/en/Topics-from-A-to-Z/Hazardous-Substances/ TRGS/pdf/TRGS-401.pdf (last accessed 6 January 2015). 5 Weistenhofer W, Wacker M, Bernet F et al. Occlusive gloves and skin conditions: is there a problem? Results of a cross-sectional study in a semiconductor company. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1058– 65. 6 Weistenh€ofer W, Baumeister T, Drexler H, K€ utting B. How to quantify skin impairment in primary and secondary prevention? HEROS: a proposal of a hand eczema score for occupational screenings Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:807–13.


Moving technique plays an important role in the volleyball playing,and strong moving ability ensures the exertion and practice of the playing technique.The author analyzed and discussed this issue and proposed some training methods,corresponding to the improvement of students' moving ability on the volleyball playing.


Introduction Molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC) are well-established prognostic markers in early-stage BC patients. The addition of radiation therapy (RT) to breast-conserving surgery has improved outcomes in this patient population, with conventional fractionation (CF) and hypofractionation (HF) regimens displaying comparable morbidity and mortality. However, most studies have not taken into account molecular subtype. Thus, it is still unknown if outcomes are similar between CF and HF for each molecular subtype. Herein, the effects of molecular subtype on the efficacy of CF and HF radiotherapy regimens for early-stage BC patients receiving adjuvant RT was investigated. Methods A retrospective review of stage I/II BC patients who received surgical intervention (breast conservation surgery or mastectomy) followed by RT at UNMC between 2010 and 2017 was conducted. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment data (course and dose of radiotherapy), and outcomes information (progression and survival) were collected. Cumulative incidence function and Kaplan-Meier testing were used to assess recurrence and survival, respectively. Variables were then further analyzed using univariate and multivariable COX proportional hazard


In the framework of the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE-ICP Vegetation) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), in 2002 and 2005, a moss biomonitoring technique was applied to air pollution studies in the Republic of Macedonia. The third moss survey took place in August and September 2010 when 72 samples of the terrestrial mosses Homalothecium lutescens and Hypnum cupressiforme were collected over the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, using the same sampling network grid as for the previous surveys. Using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), a total of 18 elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were determined. To reveal hidden multivariate data structures and to identify and characterize different pollution sources, Principal Component Analysis was used. Distributional maps were prepared to point out the regions most affected by pollution and related to known sources of contamination. As in the previous surveys, the regions near the towns of Skopje, Veles, Tetovo, Radovis and Kavadarci were found to be most affected by pollution, even though the median elemental content in the mosses in 2010 for  Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was slightly lower than in the previous surveys. For the first time, P content in the moss samples was analyzed, and a higher content of this element as well as K in the mosses was observed in the agricultural regions of the country.


Cementite dissolution in cold-drawn pearlitic steel (0.8 wt.% carbon) wires has been studied by quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy up to drawing strain 1.4. Quantification of cementite-phase fraction by Rietveld analysis has confirmed more than 50% dissolution of cementite phase at drawing strain 1.4. It is found that the lattice parameter of the ferrite phase determined by Rietveld refinement procedure remains nearly unchanged even after cementite dissolution. This confirms that the carbon atoms released after cementite dissolution do not dissolve in the ferrite lattice as Fe-C interstitial solid solution. Detailed analysis of broadening of XRD line profiles for the ferrite phase shows high density of dislocations (∼1015/m2) in the ferrite matrix at drawing strain 1.4. The results suggest a dominant role of ⟨1 1 1⟩ screw dislocations in the cementite dissolution process. Post-deformation heat treatment leads to partial annihilation of dislocations and restoration of cementite phase. Based on these experimental observations, further supplemented by TEM studies, we have suggested an alternative thermodynamic mechanism of the dissolution process.


This paper presents a study on the structural performance of column-base and beam-column connections of cold-formed steel with the use of single-lipped C-sections with bolted moment connections. Experiments were done on two specimens; a column-base connection and a beamcolumn connection and the results showed that section failure caused by flexural buckling was always critical. Managing to attain moment resistances which are close to the results of connected sections, it was proven that the proposed connections were structurally efficient. Finite element models were established with the use of shell elements to model the sections while bar elements were used to model the bolted fastenings for the purpose of examining the structural behaviour of both the column-base and the beam-column connections. Incorporation of material non-linearity and comparison between the experimental and numerical results were presented. The proposed analysis method for predicting structural behaviour of column-base and beamcolumn connections with similar connection configuration proved to be adequate.


The electrical measurements, performed on devices under test, showed a high ΔVth between the Id/Vg curves at different Vd and a high ΔIg; therefore, we started a simulation study in order to understand which physical parameters impact the drain current in subthreshold condition and consequently the gate current. One of these parameters turned out to be the traps concentration inside buffer layer and therefore the role of epitaxy in the active part of the device. Technology-Computer Aided Design (T-CAD) numerical simulations have been carried out, taking into account the tunneling effect under the Schottky gate. Different traps concentrations were investigated, and this analysis gives a good starting point for the epitaxy optimization especially linked to active part of the device.


A simple combination of data from three time-domain electromagnetic time gates is used to drastically reduce the total number of picks required to detect a set number of known seed items. This approach takes advantage of the physics of time-domain electromagnetic geophysical systems and signal decay properties in a way that does not require as much data as that needed to calculate the actual delay constant.


: Tritiated thymidine incorporation of one-way murine mixed lymphocyte reactions was compared in the presence of mercaptoethanol and/or poly AU. Each of these agents amplified specific responsiveness in this system without altering reaction kinetics and the combined use of these agents enhanced specific thymidine incorporation beyond that achieved by either alone. These agents may be useful in those situations where increased sensitivity of murine mixed lymphocyte reactions is required.


The document includes more detailed derivations, proofs and robustness checks that are referenced but not included in the paper. Technical Appendix: Understanding International Prices (...) 1


For the purpose of theoretical physical chemical study of geometrical structure, electronic structure, excited states and spectral behavior of boron difl uoride toluoylatsetonate and anisoylatsetonate, ab initio and density functional DFT and TDDFT methods with the hybrid exchange-correlation functional B3LYP and the basis set 6-311G** in the vacuum approximation were used to perform quantum chemical calculations of structure and physical chemical properties of these chelate complexes in the ground and excited states. For the energetically most favorable confi gurations, the evaluation of electronic and nuclear relaxation was done for transition of the molecular systems to excited singlet states. The studied molecular systems are shown to be polar, their dipole moment in the optimal geometry is approximately equal to 7,8 D. On the basis of quantum chemical simulations, the explanation was suggested of features of excited electronic states of the studied boron difl uoride chelate complexes.


In order to better promote the "National Fitness Regulations,"the implementation with the"sunshine sports" launched in northwest Guizhou,young students from the region to improve the health and development of national intangible cultural heritage-Yi Bell Dance perspective,trying to dance in the Yi bell on the basis of fitness Yi Compiling a bell aerobics,and the introduction of physical education.Yi bells on theory of aerobics and fitness effects,the results show:Yi Bell Dance into physical education,"parade"as the bell Yi Exercise is feasible.Yi bell to bell Calisthenics dance moves based on the classic representation to the drums and bells as musical background,modern and traditional folk dance aerobics combination,taking into account physical and psychological characteristics of young people of all ethnic groups and the acceptability reflects moderate difficulty,the principles of rhythm and intensity appropriate,by the love of all ethnic groups in school,it is worth to promote the introduction of physical education.


In this work, the removal of zinc and lead (Zn2+ and Pb2+) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a Brazilian bofe clay. The mineral clays were characterized through XRD analysis and CEC. A finite bath system was used to evaluate the main effects of pH values in the range from 3.0 to 5.0 and Zn2+ and Pb2+ initial concentrations (from 10 to 50 mg/L) on the removal process capacity. The combinations of the XRD and CEC showed characteristics of the group smectite clays. Up to 3.38 mg/g of Lead removal capacity (99.97% efficiency) was reached and values as high as 98.47 % of removal Zinc efficiency and 3.93 mg/g of removal capacity were reached in the assays. Thus indicating that the use of Bofe clay has great potential in the removal of Lead and Zinc.


Abstract : The mission of the U. S. Army Environmental Center (AEC) includes conducting research and development in support of environmental compliance at Army installations. The AEC is conducting a research and development program to select and demonstrate the best available treatment technology for red water in support of environmental compliance at Army ammunition plants (AAPs). Red water is an aqueous effluent generated during production of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and is a listed hazardous waste. There is a key ingredient in many of military ordnances. The AEC previously completed a comparative evaluation of thirty potential red water treatment technologies. The evaluation resulted in identification of two technologies, wet air oxidation and circulating bed combustion, that are sufficiently advanced to warrant pilot-scale demonstration. However, the demonstrations cannot be conducted until a source of approximately 50,0(x) gallons of red water is secured.


Structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of La0.6Sr0.2Ba0.2-x◻xMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) where ◻ is a barium deficiency have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. Our samples were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method at high temperatures. Structural studies show that our samples are single phase and crystallize in the rhombohedral system with R 3¯ c space group. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature in a magnetic applied field of 0.05 T show that all our samples exhibit a paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition with decreasing temperature. The Curie temperature TC shifts to lower values with increasing barium-deficiency. The Arrott plots show that the phase transition is of second order. The effect of barium deficiency on the magnetocaloric properties has been investigated. The values of the maximum of the magnetic entropy change, |−ΔSmax|, under a magnetic field change of 3.5 T are found to be 2.9, 2.92, 3.31, and 3.34 J/kg K for x = 0.0, 0.05...


Online PR usage among organizations is growing tremendously. Organizations are now building and
maintaining social media public pages to build relationships with the online audience and to enhance interest in their organizations. However, against this background the perceptions, practices and knowledge of online PR among Jordanian PR practitioners remain unclear and have not been widely studied qualitatively.Thus, this study will investigate the utilization of online PR using a sample of PR practitioners who have recently begun using social media in Jordanian public universities. Thus, using a qualitative approach, this study will seek an understanding of the concept of "online PR" by PR practitioners, investigate the utilization of online PR activities in Jordan, seek to gain an understanding of the antecedent factors influencing the practice of the online PR concept by practitioners in public universities and explore the level of ICT literacy among PR practitioners in public universities. This study
however, will focus only on the 10 PR managers in 10 universities


Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate were performed in bulk at 60°C, using cumyl dithiobenzoate as the mediating RAFT agent that has been immobilized via the stabilizing Z-group to nanometer-sized fumed silica particles. Increasing molecular weights with monomer conversion and absence of conventional polymerization activity in the interstitial solution phase were observed when the overall concentration of silica particles was carefully balanced with their respective cumyl dithiobenzoate loading. After completion of the polymerization, potentially sulfur-free polymers with controlled molecular weights were obtained, initially via collecting the terminated polymeric material from the interstitial solution phase and, secondly, via cleavage of the surface-confined polymer by a single addition fragmentation chain transfer step, which provides a pathway for recovery of the solid-supported RAFT agent. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil was evaluated based on the related standards and methods and the investigation of heavy metal pollution status in soil of Suzhou.The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals(except Pb) in mining soil of Suzhou were higher than that of cropland,especially Hg and Cr.The main pollutants of the mine soil heavy metal pollution in mining soil were Hg and Cr in the view of single factor pollution index.The mining soils were all polluted while only 6% of the cropland soil was moderate pollution and 8% was mild pollution in the view of the mean value of Nemerow multi-factor index.Mining soil was at moderate risk level,cropland was at low risk level in the view of potential risk index.The contribution to potential ecological risk in mine soil was in an order of HgCdAsCrCuZnPb.Hg was at strong risk level of potential ecological risk.


Inadequate damage stability, the Achilles heel of passenger ships, has been a critical research objective that industry and academia delved to improve every time following accidents with passenger ships. Most achievements focused on design phase, either for the new-made regulations or rather novel pro-active methodology of risk-based design, which ignored thousands of existing ships and wasted state-of-art knowledge on damage stability. Considering this situation, a framework of life-cycle risk (damage stability) management of passenger ship and its related damage stability verification framework were introduced and established in this paper.


The X-linked form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX) is associated with mutations in the Connexin 32 gene (Cx32) and is the second most common CMT subtype after CMT1A, in which the 17p11.2 duplication is the underlying molecular defect. CMTX is characterized by no male-to-male transmission, intermediate motor conduction velocities (MCV), and more severe disease in males. In our series of CMT patients, we found 9 different Cx32 mutations in 11 families. Overall there were 26 patients, 13 males and 13 females, aged 11–76 yrs. Age at onset ranged considerably (1–60 yrs), but symptoms began earlier in males (mean 15.4 yrs, 77% within age 20) than in females (mean 25 yrs). All patients were autonomous, but disease severity was greater in males, while 4 female carriers were asymptomatic. Pain and tremor were frequent complaints. Two patients had Babinski sign and one had rest tremor. Nerve conduction studies were performed in 23 patients (13 males, 10 females). Upper limb motor conduction velocities (MCV) ranged between 25 and 57 m/s, and were slower in males (25–48 m/s) than in females (34–57 m/s). MCV were in the upper range of CMT1 (25–38 m/s) in 10/13 males but only in 3/10 females. In some cases, nerve conduction slowing was non-uniform within single nerves, and one female patient had a previous diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. There was considerable asymmetry of involvement between different nerves. The median nerve was often more severely affected than the ulnar nerve, and not only in females, as previously reported, but also in males. Therefore, it appears unlikely that this asymmetry is accounted for by a Lyonization phenomenon. Subclinical abnormalities of central nervous system as revealed by multimodal evoked potential studies were found in 8/10 patients. Expression of Cx32 in the brain is the likely explanation of this finding that confirms previous non-systematic observations. We found seven missense and two nonsense mutations (one novel mutation). Two families presented distinct mutations at the same codon (Arg164), while the Arg22Stop and Arg220Stop mutations were each found in two unrelated cases.

Partially supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health to F.T and D.P. (Progetto Ricerca Finalizzata ICS 030.3/RF00.174).


Most patients with chronic duodenal ulcer who undergo one or other of the types of vagotomy operation are cured of the ulcer, return to normal health, and lead completely normal lives. Naturally enough, research interest has concentrated on the small minority in whom the operation is less successful. In the few weeks after operation a whole array of essentially nuisance symptoms may occur, ranging from altered eating capacity and various abdominal discomforts to mild dumping symptoms and looseness or other irregularity of bowel action. Most of these problems resolve spontaneously with the passage of time. Often simple advice on diet or the prescription of simple symptomatic treatment may be all that is required until the complaints subside. Now that operative mortality rates for elective procedures for uncomplicated peptic ulcer are very small indeed, much less than 100o, what mainly concerns surgeons are the substantial complications that may lead to persisting trouble and may require further surgical treatment. Revision operations carry a higher mortality.' Among the many miscellaneous symptoms and syndromes described as postvagotomy sequelae the main problems are recurrent ulcer, dumping, symptoms associated with reflux of small-bowel content into the stomach or oesophagus, and bowel disturbances, mainly diarrhoea. Unfortunately, however, patients who have had a vagotomy may often complain of symptoms which do not appear to fall clearly and exclusively into one of these neat diagnostic categories. Fine clinical judgment may be needed-plus appropriate selected investigations-to determine which is the dominant disorder. Recurrent ulcer is suggested by a pattern ofupper abdominal pain that often has the same basic characteristics as the original ulcer pain. Some features may be atypical-such as different radiation of the pain, a more ill-defined relationship with eating, and less clear-cut relief from measures against acid. Such symptoms may reasonably be treated initially by a short trial of simple antacids. If the pain persists or recurs clarification of the diagnosis should be sought by endoscopy, which seems more accurate than barium-meal examination and also gives the clinician an opportunity to assess other factors such as mucosal inflammation and regurgitation. When a recurrent ulcer is present, treatment should be given with full dosage of either an H2-receptor antagonist or antacids, and these often bring about initial symptomatic relief. The balance of evidence, however, shows that most such recurrent ulcers sooner or later require further operation.


The unbalanced relationship between prosecution and defense has long existed: legislative lag and inadequate protection in the aspect of norms; prosecution's dominant power and defender's diminished rights in the empirical aspect; prevailing rights-based value and discriminated defense right in the aspect of concept. Building a new relationship between the prosecution and defense should be started from the aspects of participation, dialogue and sharing. The participation mechanism requires an institutional guarantee for the defender's entire intervention in the whole process of the proceeding; Dialogue mechanism derived from David Boehm's dialogue theory, aiming to eliminate the thought fragments in the investigative process, build trust and strengthen cooperation through a dialogue between the two parties; Information sharing mechanism derived from judicial rent-seeking caused by information asymmetry, so the information disclosure obligation shall be regulated by giving priority to prosecution, defender as supplement, and then the two parties could compete fairly in an open and transparent judicial process.


To the Editor.— The article entitled "Combination Chemotherapy of Hodgkin's Disease in Private Practice," (221:261, 1972) is truly alarming. The authors suggest that this previously considered investigational program is now ready for broad application by "qualified physicians in community hospitals." The MOPP treatment is complex. (Included in the combination are mechlorethamine, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine, and prednisone.) Dosage modifications that are inevitably performed as toxicity appears require the judgments of an oncologist experienced with this particular drug combination. These authors are highly sophisticated medical oncologists, but I doubt that many other community physicians are comparably trained or would see sufficient patients with Hodgkin's disease to acquire the necessary experience with this complex and potentially dangerous drug combination. There are still numerous questions about this therapy and its consequences. Perhaps most pressing is the need to know what treatment, if any, is required after therapy with MOPP to prevent relapse. Answers to


The introduction by Western countries of a new package of sanctions against the Russian Federation at the beginning of 2022 negatively affected the activities of almost all legal entities. Among the most affected economic entities are small enterprises, a significant part of which specializes in retail trade. This work is devoted to identifying the main problems of the small business sector in connection with the new sanctions against Russia and the retaliatory measures taken. The object of the study was the Ostrovok store, specializing in the retail trade of trendy toys and related products. The results of the study can be used to further study the impact of sanctions on the country's economy in general and certain categories of small businesses in particular, as well as to develop effective measures of state support.


A fundamental criterion of judgment is consistency among beliefs. To augment traditional methods for studying cognitive consistency, we treat it as a goal and present a priming method for increasing its activation. Three studies use three criteria to validate the method: an increase in the biased evaluation of incoming information, speed in a lexical decision task, and participants' direct reports of greater goal activation. The method is then used to verify the role of the consistency goal in three diverse judgment phenomena. Priming cognitive consistency increases the search for postdecisional supporting information (selective exposure to information), the agreement between preference and prediction (the desirability bias or wishful thinking), and the adjustment of a socially unacceptable implicit attitude to conform to the corresponding explicit attitude. One conclusion is that the cause of these phenomena is not only motivated reasoning (driven directionally by a desired outcome) but also the purely cognitive and nondirectional process of simply making beliefs more consistent.


We read with interest the paper of Bergon et al. about the classification of renal proteinuria (1) and we agree with the authors that in the presence of proteinuria or diagnosed nephropathy it is indispensable to measure protein excretion rate in a 24-hour urine collection using a dye-binding assay with pyrogallol-red (2, 3). Otherwise, in our experience a correct evaluation of proteinuria typing is a correct and feasible method that leads to a better standardization of the results. Furthermore, the assessment in mid-stream morning second urine samples by a nephelometric analysis of urinary proteins, using urinary protein/creatinine ratios allows a reduction of pre-analytical errors linked to urine time collection and to possible protein digestion by proteases action in 24-hour-stored urine (4). Recent studies shed new light into the physiopathlogical mechanisms of urinary protein excretion: thus, in our opinion a correct method of classification of proteinuria must distinguish not only between glomerular and tubular proteinuria but, in a better way, between selective glomerular proteinuria (presence of albumin and transferrin) and not selective glomerular proteinuria (presence of proteins with MW >100 kDa), and also between incomplete tubular proteinuria (presence of proteins with MW <50 kDa) and complete tubular proteinuria (presence of proteins with MW <23 kDa) (5). Data obtained showed that complete tubular proteinuria was an index of stronger tubular pathological involvement often associated to higher levels of serum creatinine and to a worse outcome (6). In our laboratory we developed an immunofixation method using specific polyclonal antisera, for qualitative/semi-quantitative analysis of urinary proteins (retinol-binding protein: RBP; α1-microglobulin: α1m; albumin; transferrin; immunoglobulin G: IgG and α2-macroglobulin: α2m), allowing a better definition of selectivity of glomerular proteinuria and of complete or incomplete tubular proteinuria (CSI-Nefro Cinque, BIOCI, Turin, Italy) (7). The CSI (Cross Star Immunofixation) method is a gel-immunoprecipitation, characterized by a high analytical sensitivity. This is due to the characteristics of the gel itself, to the mono-specificity of the antisera and to the new type of cross-deposition of the samples and


Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surfaces of dental and orthodontic biomaterials is primary responsible for oral diseases and biomaterial deterioration. A number of alternatives to reduce bacterial adhesion to biomaterials, including surface modification using a variety of techniques, has been proposed. Even though surface modification has demonstrated a reduction in bacterial adhesion, information on surface modification and biomimetics to reduce bacterial adhesion to a surface is scarce. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to assess bacterial adhesion to orthodontic archwires that were modified following a biomimetic approach. The sample consisted of 0.017 × 0.025, 10 mm-long 316L stainless steel and NiTi orthodontic archwire fragments. For soft lithography, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp was obtained after duplicating the surface of Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott leaves. Topography transfer to the archwires was performed using silica sol. Surface hydrophobicity was assessed by contact angle and surface roughness by atomic force microscopy. Bacterial adhesion was evaluated using Streptococcus mutans. The topography of the Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott leaf was successfully transferred to the surface of the archwires. Contact angle and roughness between modified and unmodified archwire surfaces was statistically significant. A statistically significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans adhesion to modified archwires was also observed.


Fusarium fujikuroi is the pathogen of rice bakanae disease, and is subclassified into gibberellin and fumonisin groups (G- and F-groups). Thiophanate-methyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, has been used extensively to control F. fujikuroi. Previous investigation showed that F-group strains are thiophanate-methyl sensitive (TMS), while most G-group strains are thiophanate-methyl resistant (TMR) in Japan. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in TMS strains was 1-10 μg mL-1, while that in TMR strains was higher than 100 μg mL-1. E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin were detected in TMR strains. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-fluorescent loop primer (LAMP-FLP) method was developed for diagnosis of these mutations, and was applied to 37 TMR strains and 56 TMS strains. The result indicated that 100% of TMR strains were identified as having either the E198K mutation (41%) or the F200Y mutation (59%), while none of the TMS strains tested showed either mutation. We found one remarkable TMR strain in the F-group which had a F200Y mutation. These results suggest that E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin contribute to thiophanate-methyl resistance in F. fujikuroi.


The two−body Hartree−Fock potential for water−water interaction has been partially corrected by addition of the water−water dispersion interaction recently computed by the Quantum Chemistry Group at the University of Warsaw (Professor W. Kol/os) using a perturbation technique. The new potential has been used in a Monte Carlo simulation of liquid water, where 343 water molecules per unit cell have been considered. The main part of the simulation has been performed at T = 25°C; however, some work is presented for T = 4°C and for T = 75°C. The computed pair correlation functions gO−O, gO−H, and gH−H are in good agreement with the experimental data; agreement is found not only for the main peak of gO−O at ∼2.9 A, but also for the second peak at ∼4.5 A and the third peak at ∼7.0 A. To further verify the agreement between simulated result and experimental data, we have computed the neutron scattering and the x−ray scattering intensities at different scattering angles. Again the agreement between simulation and experiment is good, thus providing a strong indication that the potential obtained on a quantum−mechanical basis is a realistic one.The two−body Hartree−Fock potential for water−water interaction has been partially corrected by addition of the water−water dispersion interaction recently computed by the Quantum Chemistry Group at the University of Warsaw (Professor W. Kol/os) using a perturbation technique. The new potential has been used in a Monte Carlo simulation of liquid water, where 343 water molecules per unit cell have been considered. The main part of the simulation has been performed at T = 25°C; however, some work is presented for T = 4°C and for T = 75°C. The computed pair correlation functions gO−O, gO−H, and gH−H are in good agreement with the experimental data; agreement is found not only for the main peak of gO−O at ∼2.9 A, but also for the second peak at ∼4.5 A and the third peak at ∼7.0 A. To further verify the agreement between simulated result and experimental data, we have computed the neutron scattering and the x−ray scattering intensities at different scattering angles. Again the agreement between simulation and ...


Since 2002, several classes of Marshall Scholars have spontaneously organized public service projects in support of the vulnerable, the needy, the ignored, and the deserving in our world. These "Marshall Scholars' Public Service Projects" (MSPSPs) have been challenging as well as rewarding. MSPSPs provide an opportunity for Marshall Scholars scattered across the UK to come together for a common cause. Non-Marshall Scholars-including Rhodes Scholars, Gates Scholars, and other American and non-American students studying in the UK-have also participated in past MSPSPs.This handbook, edited and co-authored by Zachary D. Kaufman, provides the history of and guidance on MSPSPs. The case studies-on Marshall Scholars for the Kigali Public Library, the Millat Schools Development Fund, the Marshall Scholars' Darfur Initiative, and the Marshall Scholars' Climate Solutions Project-describe past MSPSPs, how they were initiated and organized, what challenges they faced, and how those challenges were addressed. These case studies are written by Zachary D. Kaufman, a 2002 Marshall Scholar; Sameer Ahmed, a 2004 Marshall Scholar; Dan Weeks, a 2006 Marshall Scholar; and Betsy Scherzer, a 2007 Marshall Scholar. Additional commentary in the handbook is contributed by Bill Coquillette, a 1971 Marshall Scholar and the President of the Association of Marshall Scholars; Mary Denyer, the Assistant Secretary and Head of Scholarship Administration of the Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission; Ben Carmichael, the Secretary of his 2008 Class of Marshall Scholars; and Alice Sverdlik, a 2008 Marshall Scholar who undertook an individual public service project.This handbook will be of interest not only to Marshall Scholars considering undertaking an MSPSP, but also to anyone interested in pursuing public service projects, social entrepreneurship, or non-governmental organizations.


Abstract : An analysis has been made of atmosphere entries for which the vehicle lift-drag ratio was modulated to maintain specified maximum decelerations and/or maximum deceleration rates. The part of the vehicle drag polar used during modulation was from maximum lift coefficient to minimum drag coefficient. The entries were at parabolic velocity and the vehicle maximum lift-drag ratio was 0.5. Two-dimensional trajectory calculations were made for a nonrotating, spherical earth with an exponential atmosphere. The results of the analysis indicate that for a given initial flight-path angle, modulation generally resulted in a reduction of the maximum deceleration to 60% of the unmodulated value or a reduction of maximum deceleration rate to less than 50% of the unmodulated rate. These results were equivalent, for a maximum deceleration of 10g, to lowering the undershoot boundary 24 miles with a resulting decrease in total convective heating to the stagnation point of 22%. The maximum convective heating rate was increased 18%. (Author)


High molecular weight biodegradable poly(hexane-sebacate) was synthesized by direct polycondensation from sebacic acid and 1,6-hexanediol, the chemical structure was identified by FT-IR and ()~1H-NMR, the intrinsic viscosity was measured by Ubbelohde viscometer, the melting point, glass transition temperature was determined by DSC, and the tensile strength is (23.5) MPa, the elongation at break is (935.0%), in the synthesis procedure high molecular weight of product(_n=45809) was obtained with the yield of 96%.


This study aims to explore the opinions of the students of the graphic design department of a vocational school on computer games. The study was conducted on 16 voluntary participants that study at the graphic design department of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Erbaa Vocational School. We conducted a qualitative study in order to conceptualize terms and explore themes that may define the researched phenomenon. The study found that the students mostly played strategy games and believed that their game preference had a positive impact on their creativity.


The effect of the substitution of La with Pr on the microstructure and some electrochemical properties of La0.7-xPrxMg0.3Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.5Ni3.8 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) ingot alloys as powder electrode was studied in this paper. XDR and SEM (+EDX) analyses revealed that the as-cast alloys consist mainly of similar LaNi5 and (La,Pr)Mg2Ni9 phases. With the increase in Pr content, both the relative abundance of the phases and microstructure changed. The electrochemical studies showed that the maximum discharge capacity decreased with the increase in Pr content. For the alloy without Pr, the self-discharge studies revealed a major stability of the hydride until the first 984 hours (41 days) of the charge/discharge cycles. The high-rate dischargeability of this alloy electrode showed the best result HRD=88% at a discharge current density of Id=250 mA/g.


This thesis identifies and examines the sources responsible for the variations in the peak signal from a thin plate impact sensor used to measure particle radius. Steel spherical particles, dropped onto a thin aluminium plate that is simply supported on all sides, cause plate vibrations that are detected by a piezo-electric transducer. The peak positive signal from the sensor is used as ameasure of the radius of the impacting particle. The thin plate impact sensor is a simplified version of a sensor from a commercial device known as the' grain loss monitor. Earlier experiments using the grain loss monitor sensor tomeasure the radius ofparticles, reported an unexplainable peak sensor signal variation. An Experimental and a theoretical analysis of this problem using the thin plate impact sensor, shows that small changes in impact position result in large changes in the peak sensor signal. Experiments using six steel spheres, ranging in radius from 3/32 inches to 8/32 inches, impacting onto a square 1/32 inch thick aluminium plate, show that the peak sensor signal and the degree of sensitivity of the peak signal to changes in impact position depends on. the location of the impact site. Specifica.lly, for the impact locations tested, this sensitivity exhibits a minimum at approximately 2 em from the transducer and a maximum sensitivity at the transducer site. Therefore, using these results, a hypothetical change in the impact position of approximately 0.1% of the . lateral dimension of the plate, or about 0.5 mm, results in the peak sensor signal exhibiting changes, for all the particles tested, that average 4.7%, 3.9%, 1.9%, and 4.5% of the peak at impact locations at approximately 0 em, 1 em, 2 em, and 3 em from the transducer, respectively. The peak sensor signal also shows an almost linear


The fungus are the main microorganisms present in seeds, is the main cause of deterioration and loss in production. The anthracnose caused by C. truncatum associated with soybean seeds as has main vehicle for introduction into the planting areas can be detected in all stages of crop development, from the cotyledons to the end of the cycle, being present in the stems, veins, leaflets and pods. Thus aimed to evaluate the influence of using different products fungicides as seed treatment, where the seeds were inoculated with the pathogenic fungus and treated with the chemicals They take Carbedazim + Fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M and carboxin + thiram. For each fungicide product was two tramentos done using the doses recommended by the manufacturer and 75% of dose. We evaluated health, germination and promote plant (Plant growth, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot). This work concludes that the use of fungicide controls significantly seeds infected with C. truncatum and presents a significant improvement as the development of structures seedling.


The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the Government of British Columbia of any product or service to the exclusion of any others that may also be suitable. Contents of this report are presented for discussion purposes only. Funding assistance does not imply endorsement of any statements or information contained herein by the Government of British Columbia. iii SUMMARY Riparian areas are diverse, productive, and important to the overall ecological framework of British Columbia. There is heightened awareness of the potential effects of resource management activities in riparian areas. This concern is encapsulated in riparian regulations and guidelines of the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act. Information regarding livestock use of riparian areas was compiled and reviewed as a first step in developing research to address the information needs of riparian area management in British Columbia. Literature on the effects and interactions of livestock grazing in riparian areas throughout North America was reviewed. Six general conclusions were drawn from the synthesis and review of the literature: . Most of the available information on livestock–riparian interactions is primarily applicable to arid ecosystems (equivalent to, or drier than, the Bunchgrass biogeoclimatic zone), . Most of the available information on livestock–riparian interactions is applicable to lotic ecosystems (actively moving water), . Most of the research conducted has focused on contrasting extremes (e.g., comparing very heavy grazing to an ungrazed control), . Appropriate levels of livestock use that maintain good-quality riparian habitat are difficult to quantify, . Effects of livestock grazing in riparian areas on wildlife habitat are variable (grazing creates or enhances some wildlife habitat, while eliminating or degrading other wildlife habitat), . Riparian areas and the effects of livestock grazing have not been studied adequately at a landscape level. Considering these general conclusions, nine recommendations were formulated to guide the development of research on livestock use of riparian areas. The recommendations are as follows: . Research on range riparian areas in British Columbia must focus on ecosystems outside those that the current body of literature represents; a system should be developed to prioritize which ecosystems need to be addressed first. . Research on range riparian areas in British Columbia must include wetlands, ponds, and lakeshores. . Research on range riparian areas in British Columbia should test the …


A simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 6-substituted-2-pyrone derivatives, by BF3·OEt2 mediated one pot cyclization and keto-protection of δ-hydroxy-β-keto esters, obtained via regioselective addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl dianion of ethyl acetoacetate to aldehydes and ketones is described.


Advanced high-strength steels as Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels have been developed using microalloying elements and subsequent thermo-mechanical processing techniques. Moreover, under hot-working conditions, these steels undergo significant microstructural changes as a result of preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) of grains. In order to evaluate this behavior, one non-microalloyed and other single Nb-microalloyed TWIP steels were melted in an induction furnace and cast into metal and sand molds. Samples with austenitic grain sizes between 400 and 2000 μm were deformed at 800 °C and strained at a constant strain rate of 10^−3 s^−1, and deformation state was examined by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique near to the fracture tip. It was found that non-microalloyed TWIP steel solidified in both metal and sand mold exhibits dynamically recrystallized grains. On the other hand, Nb microaddition has a strong influence in TWIP steel retarding the onset of recrystallization kinetics, showing low angle sub-structured grains. Furthermore, it was possible identifying the crystallographic orientation of grains using the inverse pole figures (IPF) and the orientation distribution function (ODF). Weak cube {001}<100> recrystallization and E{111}<110> γ-fiber deformation textures components were detected.


Creep crack growth behavior of 21/4 Cr-1 Mo steel at 550°C was investigated by energy rate line integral, C* under conventional constant load control and deflection rate control. The same relationship of da/dt versus C*-integral was obtained by both of the control methods. The increasing deflection rate control test proposed in this paper was found to be a very efficient method because a wide range of creep crack growth data can be obtained stably on a single specimen. Various formulae to experimentally determine C*-integral of CT specimens were compared. Equation (3) considering the axial force as well as the bending effect agreed with the analytical results by the finite element method in the range of a/W≥0.5.The result of C*-integral estimation using the fully plastic solution, agreed with the experimental results in steady state creep conditions, when the plane strain solution was applied. Although the C*-integral approach with the fully plastic solution seems prospective for practical creep crack growth prediction, more investigations are needed under various conditions.


Remotely-sensed environmental images and geographical information system (GIS) are used to develop risk maps of the probability occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis and population at risk in Ogun State, Nigeria. The model was developed using Arc View GIS 3.2a Software and incorporating infection, population, rainfall, vegetation, temperature, soil-types, altitude, and school locations data. The resulting risk maps created suggested that urinary schistosomiasis is widely distributed, occurring in all the local government areas in the state. The high-risk areas (≥ 50% prevalence) were confined to foci in the
north-western part of the state. The models correctly predicted both the presence and absence of infection, the probability risk at any locality in Ogun State, as well as estimating the population at risk. The model estimated that 98.99% of school-aged children in the state are living in urinary schistosomiasis-suitable areas and are at risk of infection. As such, necessary preventive measures should be incorporated into water resources, projects, which are known to promote urinary schistosomiasis transmission. This investigation provides for the first time, detailed and comprehensive maps of the distribution of urinary schistosomiasis in Ogun State, which would help guide control efforts. Keywords : GIS, risk maps, urinary schistosomiasis, school children, Ogun State. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 29 (1) 2008 pp. 42-49


This dissertation focuses on the dynamics between teachers and machines at the intersections of design, teaching labor, and pedagogy when automation is deployed in writing classrooms. My sites of analysis are Eli Review and Turnitin, two technologies that represent different design approaches that center around "informating" or "automating" data about student work. The exigence for this project emerges out of the labor crisis currently enveloping higher education. Traditionally, in times of labor crises, automation and machines are used to replace scarce or imperfect human labor. However, balanced and purposeful design of automated technology has the potential to enhance humans' labor and protect workers. Using holistic and provisional coding, combined with object interviews, this dissertation analyzes data collected from a national survey distributed to composition instructors and nine interviews about their personal experiences with Eli Review and Turnitin. The data and findings from these methods suggests beneficial relationships between humans and machines are possible in the writing classroom through careful design, integration, and management of educational and learning technologies.


An analysis of nondiffusing and diffusing space‐charge effects in growing oxide films using simple models provides justification for the equation L(t)2=L∞2[1−exp(−t/τ)] as a first approximation for describing film growth, where L(t) is the film thickness and t is the time of oxidation. The limiting film thickness squared L∞2 and the pseudo rise‐time τ are functions of the space‐charge concentration and are temperature‐dependent, increasing linearly with temperature for most cases. Space‐charge effects for a given defect concentration are predicted to be more important at low temperatures; growth tends to become parabolic at higher temperatures.


The authors consider a ferromagnet composed of two types of magnetic atoms: Ising- and Heisenberg-like. Using an expansion of the free energy as proposed by Strieb, Callen and Horwitz (1963), expressions for the critical temperature and magnetisation are derived. They show by studying these functions, that the model passes smoothly from its purely Ising form to a purely Heisenberg form. The authors also examine the dependence of Tc and the magnetisation on the anisotropy of the Heisenberg-Ising interactions and the strength of the coupling constants.


A Historical Study of the Relationship Between the Philosophy of John Dewey and the Early Progressive Colleges; An Investigation of the Role of Science


Concolic testing has been proposed as an effective technique to automatically test software. The goal of concolic testing is to generate test inputs to find faults by executing as many paths of a program as possible. However, due to the large state space, it is unrealistic to consider all of th e program paths for test input generation. Rather than exploring the paths based on the structure of the program as current concolic testing does, in this paper we generate tes t inputs and execute the program along the paths that have identified potential faults. We present a path-guided testi ng technique that combines path-sensitive static analysis wi th concolic testing. The program under test is statically analyzed before testing to find potential faults (suspicious st atements) and corresponding suspicious path segments. Then the program is tested, guided by static information, to avoi d generating test inputs for safe paths. A tool, MAGIC, has been implemented based on our technique to test for buffer overflow. We have experimentally evaluated MAGIC on a set of C benchmarks, and the results show that compared to concolic testing, MAGIC found about 2.5 times more faults, and using the path information, MAGIC triggers the faults 25.3 times faster on average for a set of benchmarks.


During the last decade, various process models, or models for concurrency, have been proposed; we mention Milner's synchronisation trees in CCS (see [13]), the metrical process spaces of De Bakker and Zucker [4], the models based on preorders between processes of Hennessy and Plotkin [11] and the failure semantics of Brookes, Hoare and Roscoe [9] and Hoare [12]. (For more complete references we must refer to Bergstra and Klop [6].) Starting with Milner, there has been a growing interest in an algebraic treatment of concurrency. Here is our point of departure: rather than fixing a particular process model, we start with axioms describing a class of models. There are


: Epistemologists spend a great deal of time thinking about how we should respond to our evidence. They spend far less time thinking about the ways that evidence can be acquired in the first place. This is an oversight. Some ways of acquiring evidence are better than others. Many normative epistemologies struggle to accommodate this fact. In this article I develop one that can and does. I identify a phenomenon – epistemic feedback loops – in which evidence acquisition has gone awry, with the result that even beliefs based on the evidence are irrational. Examples include evidence acquired under the influence of confirmation bias and evidence acquired under the influence of cognitively penetrated experiences caused by implicit bias. I then develop a theoretical framework which enables us to understand why beliefs that are the outputs of epistemic feedback loops are irrational. Finally, I argue that many popular approaches to epistemic normativity may need to be abandoned on the grounds that they cannot comfortably explain feedback loops. The scope of this last claim is broad: it includes almost all contemporary theories of justified/rational belief and of the epistemology of cognitive penetration.


+I INRE arc several means nf intercomiecting the compoT nents of a computer system. Components can be connccted through direct or indirect connections. In a direct network, channels directly connect each processor. Neighboring nodes communicate with each other by scnding messages across the channcls. In an indirect network, processors are cnnnccted through switches and/or buses. Depending on how components are connected, we have bus-based networks, router-based networks, switcli-bascd networks, and cluster-based (hybrid of the other thrce networks) nctworks. Nctworks can also be classified bascd on topologies, which cau be either replnr or irregulnr. Anothcr classification is based on applications-there are local arca networks (LANs), networks of workstations (NOWs), multiprocessors, and mobilc networks. In a computer network, the efficiency of a routing process is critical to the system performance. A routing process deals with moving data between processors in a given network. When a routing process involves oiic source and onc destination, it is called unicnst or poirit-lopoint communication. When such a proccss involves more than one source and/or one destination, it is called a collective comrnlrnicntion process. Examples of collective communication include iirulticnst (one-to-many, one source and many destinations), brundcnst (one-to-all), and gossip (all-to-all).


Abstract This paper aims to develop a framework for distributing risks. Based on a distinction between risks with reversible losses and risks with irreversible losses, I defend the following composite allocation principle: first, irreversible risks should be allocated on the basis of needs and only after some threshold level has been achieved can the remaining risks distributed in such a way that the total disvalue of these losses is minimized. An important advantage of this allocation framework is that it does not require the aggregation of incommensurable values into one measure.


Using interview as the research tool, this small qualitative study investigated the English teachers' perceptions of the language and communication skills of commerce undergraduates studying in different constituent colleges of the University of Delhi (DU). An interview schedule comprising 16 open-ended questions was designed and six teachers were purposively selected for two focus group interviews. Results indicate that teachers perceived their students to be lacking in basic English language as well as communication skills and suggested major modifications in the prescribed English for the Business Communication paper. Some significant findings include teachers' emphasis on conducting needs-analysis of stakeholders, revising the curriculum regularly, introducing interactive learning materials and adopting innovative methods of teaching and evaluation.


(54) ASYMMETRICALLY BRANCHED POLYMER 4,857,599 A 8, 1989 Tomalia et al. CONUGATES AND MICROARRAY ASSAYS 5,338,532 A 8, 1994 Tomalia et al. 5,393,795 A 2f1995 Hedstrand et al. (75) Inventors: Ray Yin, Newark, DE (US); Dujie Qin, 3. A E. E. al. I was ogart et al. by MD (US); Jing Pan, Newark, 5,527,524. A 6/1996 Tomalia et al. 5,631,329 A 5, 1997 Yin et al. 5,714, 166 A 2f1998 Tomalia et al. (73) Assignee: ANP Technologies, Inc., Newark, DE 5,731,095 A 3, 1998 Milco et al. (US) 5,773,527 A 6/1998 Tomalia et al. 5,861,319 A 1/1999 Lin et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,898,005 A 4/1999 Singh et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,919,442 A 7, 1999 Yin et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 16 days. 6,020,457 A 2/2000 Kllmash et al. 6,043,336 A 3/2000 Miller et al. This patent is Subject to a terminal dis6,083,708 A 7/2000 Singh et al. claimer. 6,121,056. A 9/2000 Moll, III et al. 6,274,713 B1 8/2001 Sieving et al. 6,632,889 B1 10/2003 Yin et al. (21) Appl. No.: 10/993,474 6,716.450 B1 * 4/2004 Yin et al. .................... 424/451 1-1. 6,743,581 B1 6/2004 Von-Dinh et al. (22) Filed: Nov. 22, 2004 6,773,928 B1 8/2004 Yin et al.


Because of the three-phase, solid-liquid-gas nature of most coal liquefaction reactions, the opportunity presents itself for significant mass transfer limitations in the rate of the overall process. To better characterize the degree of mass transfer in coal liquefaction systems, a detailed study of mass transfer in several types of coal liquefaction reactors has been begun. The methodology employs a model oxygen-sulfite reaction system to provide the needed information. This report presents the mass transfer characteristics of a batch magnedrive autoclave reactor. Interfacial areas and mass transfer coefficients are presented as a function of agitation rate. The direct application of this data to coal liquefaction awaits the procurement of similar data for other reactor types. This work is in progress and will be reported as it becomes available.


paper attempts to describe a literature review of Automatic Speech Recognition. It discusses past years advances made so as to provide progress that has been accomplished in this area of research. One of the important challenges for researchers is ASR accuracy. The Speech recognition System focuses on difficulties with ASR, basic building blocks of speech processing, feature extraction, speech recognition and performance evaluation. The main objective of the review paper is to bring to light the progress made for ASRs of different languages and the technological viewpoint of ASR in different countries and to compare and contrast the techniques used in various stages of Speech recognition and identify research topic in this challenging field. We are not presenting exhaustive descriptions of systems or mathematical formulations but rather, we are presenting distinctive and novel features of selected systems and their relative merits and demerits.


Significance Enveloped viruses infect cells via fusion of viral and host cell membranes mediated by highly conserved fusion proteins. HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 (gp41) represents a family of fusion proteins with similar structures and fusion mechanisms. They couple their energetic folding to draw two membranes close for fusion, forming trimers of helical hairpins. Yet, the energy release, force generation, and kinetics associated with folding of these proteins are poorly quantified. We found that gp41 hairpins fold sequentially but in a kinetically coupled manner and that an anti-HIV drug blocked gp41 folding by a new mechanism. As major proteins on viral surfaces, fusion proteins are primary targets for vaccine development and fusion inhibitors to intervene in major infectious diseases such as AIDS, Ebola, and influenza. HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 (gp41) mediates viral entry into host cells by coupling its folding energy to membrane fusion. Gp41 folding is blocked by fusion inhibitors, including the commercial drug T20, to treat HIV/AIDS. However, gp41 folding intermediates, energy, and kinetics are poorly understood. Here, we identified the folding intermediates of a single gp41 trimer-of-hairpins and measured their associated energy and kinetics using high-resolution optical tweezers. We found that folding of gp41 hairpins was energetically independent but kinetically coupled: Each hairpin contributed a folding energy of ∼−23 kBT, but folding of one hairpin successively accelerated the folding rate of the next one by ∼20-fold. Membrane-mimicking micelles slowed down gp41 folding and reduced the stability of the six-helix bundle. However, the stability was restored by cooperative folding of the membrane-proximal external region. Surprisingly, T20 strongly inhibited gp41 folding by actively displacing the C-terminal hairpin strand in a force-dependent manner. The inhibition was abolished by a T20-resistant gp41 mutation. The energetics and kinetics of gp41 folding established by us provides a basis to understand viral membrane fusion, infection, and therapeutic intervention.


Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of articular cartilageand meniscus that most experience in aged and obesity, always tend to grow up. Such bone surface degenerated will beirregular and has bone to grow called osteophyte. At moment making activities, the pain and the deformation of the knee joint are occurred thatcause decreasing quality of life. The deterioratedmeniscus has to encountersgradually changing the structureuntil it is not able to support the body weight. This paper proposes the preliminary studyof the knee jointbehavior, especially the meniscus during stand. Three dimensions (3-D) finite element (FE) model of the knee joint has constructed. This model consisted of femur, tibiaand meniscus without fibula.The external load were determined in each body weight and appliedon femur to evaluate maximum von-mises stress on the meniscus.The stress distribution on meniscus always occurs while exist the external load on the femur. The tendency of association between the external load and maximumstress was corresponding to that of the other author.


In order to restrict the instability of(2+1)-dimensional spatial optical soliton by the parameter control along the longitudinal axes,(2+1)-dimensional spatial optical soliton in parameter control was discussed by solving the(2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation with variable coefficients numerically. The results show that the parameter control,namely,the combined effects of periodically controlling both the diffraction parameter and self-focusing parameter along the longitudinal axes,can restrict the instability of(2+1)-dimensional spatial optical soliton to some extent.On the other hand,further simulation indicates that the propagation of(2+1)-dimensional spatial optical soliton in parameter control is less sensitive to both loss and finite perturbations,such as white noise.This reveals that(2+1)-dimensional spatial optical soliton in parameter control is stable.


The COVID-19 pandemic forces frontline health-care workers to make difficult medical decisions that may result in moral injury Understanding the extent to which physicians, nurses, and other health-care workers experience moral injury while working in a pandemic is of critical importance to establish preventative measures and trauma-informed treatment A national sample of health-care workers (n = 109) participated in the study The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated secondary traumatic stress was significantly associated with moral injury Contrary to existing literature, the role of burnout and compassion fatigue in this study was nonsignificant Mental health professionals may reduce treatment barriers by offering flexible sessions, nontraditional hours, and short-term interventions through tele-mental health platforms to support health-care workers experiencing trauma symptoms (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)


The discussion of narrative technique contained in Poe's review of Hawthorne (1842) has been correctly signalized as establishing in America-with a solidarity for which there seems to be no counterpart in European literatures-a doctrine of the short story. The constant implication, however, that the 1842 statement stands by itself, complete and without antecedent, should not pass unchallenged. There occur in Poe's works various foreshadowings of the theory, and certain ramifications, which are worthy of mention. I do not refer to the parallel theory of the brief poem, already clearly presented in 1836, for the relationship in this case has been repeatedly indicated; I have in mind certain remarks which directly concern prose fiction. In part these demonstrate merely that the principles of the Hawthorne review had been formulated a number of years previously; in part-and this weighs more heavily in the scalethey have some interpretative value. The idea of unity of effect, the heart of the 1842 statement, already finds expression, and is already applied to fiction, as early as 1835, when Poe writes of Lady Dacre's Winifred, Countess of Nithsdale:


A fast temperature measurement method by equal interval data collection and calculation of three points was put forward.The method combines data acquisition with analytical calculation.Firstly temperature value of the temperature sensor was collected at three moments on equal time interval,and then the medium temperature to be measured was obtained through analytical calculation.The method has less data collection points.Analytical calculation is simple and rigorous.It can be realized easily in the measurement system based on microprocessor or signal processor,and can avoid the error factors existed in other measurement methods based on complex principle and algorithm.The measuring speed of the method depends on the electrical properties of the system,and has no correlation with the thermal inertia of the sensor.It is suitable for various contact type temperature sensor to measure various medium temperature.


Rapid mixing of fuel and air is an essential factor in improving combustion and emissions of diesel engines, and it is important to know the relationship between the microscopic structure of the heterogeneous distribution of fuel clouds and the local turbulence structure. This paper investigates local diffusion phenomena in sprays with focusing on scales of fuel cloud and eddies based on a newly developed entropy method. The results show that the diffusion intensity is the highest in the vicinity of the nozzle exit, and the heterogeneity scale is the smallest here. The heterogeneity scale increases gradually along the spray axis towards the downstream, with smaller size scales in the large clouds. In the downstream region, small-scale structures diffuse and become unclear, while large scale struclures clearly remain. The paper details the microscopic structure of the heterogeneity in diesel sprays, and it demonstrates availability of the entropy method.


The Rescue explores the uses of theatrical metaphors to signal moments of nonrecognition in the exotic and romantic setting of Lingard's Malay Archipelago. The final chapter, on The Rover, argues that the romantic characters are left to haunt an isolated, post-romantic world; Peyrol's death, however, ensures that romance will reappear in material and narrative form to those left behind. The title of the study derives from Conrad's claim that The Rescue is "the swan song of romance". The suggestion is that there is no more to be said on the subject. Baxter questions this assumption, demonstrating that romance will endure because it doubts its own death. Conrad's fiction reveals its limitations and even its own disintegration. Fiction, like mankind, is vulnerable because it has a precarious hold on life. It is only in The Rover that narrative can be seen as a consolatory action. In the absence of the hero, heroism emerges. There is consolation in the reconstruction of a past that is lost to us. While the renewal of romantic narrative can never bring back that lost past, it demonstrates the arbitrariness of the present. Based on wide reading and an acute sense of cultural history, Joseph Conrad and the Swan Song of Romance offers many original interpretations of Conrad's works and a new appreciation of the ways in which he continued to experiment, even in his later fiction.


6056 Background: Combination CTLA-4 and PD-1 ICB results in durable responses in patients with recurrent and metastatic HNSCC and therefore justifies further investigation in the induction or neoadjuvant setting. Methods: We investigated features of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) associated with MHR after induction CTLA-4 and PD-1 ICB in patients with newly diagnosed HPV-positive HNSCC. Tumor samples were collected at baseline and on treatment from 31 patients enrolled in a phase 2 trial of a 6-week cycle of CTLA-4 and PD-1 ICB induction followed by dose/volume-adapted IMRT (50-66Gy) concurrent with cycle 2. Tumors were evaluated for histological response and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and scTCR-seq were performed on the 10X genomics platform. After stringent clustering and annotation of scRNA-seq data, 76,319 CD8+ and 78,622 CD4+ T cells with paired TCR sequence data were evaluable for transcriptomic, TCR repertoire and clonotype differentiation analysis. Results: Percent reduction in tumor viability on histology correlated significantly with reduction in tumor cell proportion in scRNA-seq data (R2= 0.7). Thirteen (48%) of 27 patients with paired samples (missing data due to COVID) had MHR, defined as ≤10% residual tumor viability on ICB treatment. Through TCR tracing, over 100 T cell clonotypes that expanded significantly (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact) post-ICB were identified. Highly expanded clonotypes resided mainly in exhausted CD8+ T cell clusters and exhibited a tissue resident memory (TRM) phenotype. Examination of their functional states revealed a variety of T cell modulatory trajectories, including reverse transition from exhausted to less exhausted states and from memory to functional states. When compared to patients without MHR, those with MHR had significantly higher ICB-induced TCR clonotype expansion (p = 0.025, Wilcoxon), reductions of activated Tregs (p = 0.003, Wilcoxon) and terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells (p = 0.003, Wilcoxon), and increase of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells (p = 0.014, Wilcoxon). A lasso regression model associated T cell expansion, basal 7-gene TRM and 5-gene effector scores, and on-treatment proliferation score and effector cell proportion with percent reduction in tumor viability (R2 = 0.66). Conclusions: In HPV-HNSCC, induction CTLA4 and PD1 ICB lead to extensive reinvigoration of CD8+ T cell clonotypes with both an exhausted and TRM phenotype, revealing a high degree of plasticity of distinct T cell clones. Paired RNA and TCR profiling facilitated identification of potentially tumor reactive and ICB-responsive T cells and clonotypes and identified several TIME features associated with tumor cell death. Clinical trial information: NCT03799445 .


It was analyzed the causes of producing cracks on the cast-in-situ floor slabs for multi-story buildings(phase-Ⅱ and phase-Ⅲ)in Xuzhou Century City.It was also proposed the methods to avoid the cracks and the treating methods of the produced cracks.


The melon-headed whale is distributed worldwide in tropical and sub-tropical waters (Jefferson et al. 1994). However, sightings of this species in the western North Atlantic are extremely rare. Most stranding records are from Florida and South Carolina, with a few from Virginia and one from New Jersey. There have been two sightings during NMFS vessel surveys between 1992 and 2016. Melon-headed whales in the western North Atlantic are managed separately from those in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Although there have been no directed studies of the degree of demographic independence between the two areas, this management structure is consistent with evidence for strong population structuring in other areas (Martien et al. 2014) and is further supported because the two stocks occupy distinct marine ecoregions (Spalding et al. 2007; Moore and Merrick 2011). Due to the paucity of sightings in the western North Atlantic, there are insufficient data to determine whether the western North Atlantic stock comprises multiple demographically independent populations. Additional morphological, acoustic, genetic, and/or behavioral data are needed to further delineate population structure within the western North Atlantic and across the broader geographic area.


The current study aimed to examine the effect of anonymity and privacy on students' voting behaviour before and after classroom debate. A positioning system with three different settings was prototyped (Private, Anonymous or Public). It was predicted that students voting publicly would be less inclined to express changes in their views, and that they would tend to conform to the class' overall position more than students voting either anonymously or privately. Three groups of students (N=55) taking A Level General Studies took part in debates and voted in one of the three conditions. Results supported both hypotheses and suggest that anonymity and privacy play a crucial role in encouraging students to express individual and authentic positions. The implications of these results for technology mediated voting systems are discussed.


A single-beam gradient force optical trap was combined with a pulsed UV laser microbeam in order to perform laser induced cell fusion. This combination offers the possibility to selectively fuse two single cells without critical chemical or electrical treatment. The optical trap was created by directing a Nd:YAG laser, at a wavelength of 1.06 microns, into a microscope and focusing the laser beam with a high numerical aperture objective. The UV laser microbeam, produced by a nitrogen-pumped dye laser (366 nm), was collinear with the trapping beam. Once inside the trap, two cells could be fused with several pulses of the UV laser microbeam, attenuated to an energy of approximately 1 microJ/pulse in the object plane. This method of laser induced cell fusion should provide increased selectivity and efficiency in generating viable hybrid cells.


As a way of introducing this exhibition of new painting from the Pacific Northwest, Baldissera reflects on the shared history of the art communities in Seattle and Victoria. She also suggests this new generation of artists is marked by the peripatetic/international art scene. Kangas surveys the works in the show, and clusters them into groups with particular affinities. Biographical notes. 1 bibl. ref.