The high prevalence of infectious disease in Indonesia causes increased use of antibiotics. It has serious consequences since it can cause germicidal resistance rapidly increased, significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high additional medical costs per year. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province. This research was observational (non-experimental) with a descriptive evaluative research design. The data were obtained from the retrospective tracing of medical records that collected by a purposive sampling technique on July-December 2017. A total of 163 inclusion samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis uses standard guidelines for the use of antibiotics and quantitative analysis uses the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method. The results showed that out of 168 medical records, 19 types of antibiotics were used with a 118.57 DDD value of 100 patient days. The most widely prescribed was ceftriaxone (49.09%). The highest number of infections was diabetic ulcers with an incidence of 42 cases (25%). Out of 168 evaluated cases, 166 cases (98.8%) were appropriate indication, 168 cases (100%) were appropriate patients, 150 cases (89,29%) were appropriate medication, and 89 cases (52,97%) were appropriate dosage. These results indicated that the use of antibiotics inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province were rational but it was necessary to consider selectivity regarding the choice of antibiotic use for infected patients.


A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and profound weight loss is presented. Because of inability to tolerate glucocorticosteroids, symptoms were treated with sodium chromoglycate and an elemental diet given by jejunostomy. The patient did well on this program. The gastrointestinal manifestations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are reviewed as well as the treatment modalities available for eosinophilic gastroenteritis.


Lack of nutrients and anoxemia, the basic metabolic defects in impending cardiac failure, cardiac arrest and coronary disease, are readily recognized. The nutrients which are deficient are glucose, fatty acids, iron, vitamins and electrolytes. Anoxemia must be prevented by assurance that the muscle cell has adequate perfusion.The crux of the preoperative care of a surgical patient is insurance that nutrients, adequate blood volume, and perfusion are present.


Objective: To observe the protective effect of Hugan Yifei Heji on hepatic injury induced by Rifampin.Methods:The ALT, live index, hepatic pathological changes were examined on hepatic injury induced group moreover compared with control group and Hugan Yifei Heji group.Results:There were striking differences on hepatic injury induced group compared with control group and Hugan Yifei Heji group (P0.01). Hugan Yifei Heji could obviously reduce the level of ALT reduced by Rifampin and recover the hepatic injury .Conclusion:Hugan Yifei Heji has the protective effect on hepatic injury induced by Rifampin.


e24329Background: Tumor size following cancer-related therapy is the result of regression of the treatment-sensitive fraction and growth of the treatment-resistant fraction, occurring simultaneousl...


ABSTRACT Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) can be challenging, but high success rates (85–90%) are currently achieved at experienced centers with approximately 3% risk for a major periprocedural complication. Areas covered: CTO PCI complications can be categorized according to location such as cardiac and non-cardiac (vascular access complications, thromboembolic complications, contrast-related and radiation injury) complications. Cardiac complications are further subdivided into coronary (acute closure, perforation, and equipment loss or entrapment) and non-coronary (hypotension, myocardial infarction, tamponade, arrhythmias). Expert opinion: In this article, we review strategies to prevent and treat CTO PCI complications. Careful monitoring throughout the case enables prevention and early detection of a complication. If a complication occurs, rapid implementation of treatment using an algorithmic approach can minimize its adverse impact.


The development of Clinical Chemistry in the German-speaking countries in the second half of the 19th century is characterized by a close relationship between Clinical Medicine and Clinical Chemistry. Clinical Chemistry lost its relatively independent basis and was performed by clinicians themselves. Using examples, it is shown that the new concept of "pathological physiology" led to the adoption of clinical chemistry as an area of clinical research. As a result of this development laboratories were established in hospitals, and clinical-chemical examinations were used in clinical practice more than before. Even medicine itself, e.g., nosography was influenced by this development.


The impact of different sizes of soil aggregates on the hysteresis of their water retention characteristics was determined. Soil aggregates were separated from the arable layer ofOrthic Podzol, Eutric Cambisol and Haplic Phaeozem. The results of the study showed that the impact of aggregate size was significant. It was found that differences in water content during the drying and wetting processes varied not only for the chosen soil water potential and aggregate size, but also for the type of soil. The maximum differences in water content between the drying and wetting processes at the same soil water potential reached nearly 15% vol. in absolute values. Thus it can be stated that negligence of the hysteresis effect can cause inaccuracy of estimation of soil moisture.


In computer game system, there always include four modules, which are Game show, Move generator, Evaluation functions and Search algorithm. In this paper, we study the four modules of Surakarta chess, which is one kind of computer chess game. Since the validity of Evaluation function is key to the performance of the entire game system, in this paper, using array to represent the chess board, we mainly study the Evaluation function of situation, by integrating five factors in it, which are Chess attack, Attack range, Moving range, cheassboard value and Occupy value, and perform the optimization of all the parameters in the evaluation function. Based on the results of the studies, and by adopting the Alpha-Beta search strategy, we have designed a computer game system of Surakarta chess, which shows the basically feasibility of our evaluation algorithms by winning the third place in the 2012 National Undergraduate Computer Game Competition.


As the core part of metal oxide arresters, ZnO varistor plays an important part in suppressing the overvoltage of power systems. With the development of UHV technology, the residual voltage and energy capacity of ZnO varistors have put forward higher requirements. The research is carried out from the perspective of material calculation, studied the correlation mechanism between micro-structure parameters and various macroscopic electrical characteristics of ZnO varistor based on Voronoi network. And the microstructure parameters such as grain size and size inhomogeneity were calculated and studied. The study simplified the optimization problem with multiple variates and objectives, into the one with two categories of variates and two categories of objectives. And then proposed specific strategies. The research provides important theoretical basis for improving the performance of ZnO varistors, and witch is of great significance for the design and manufacture of high-performance lightning arresters.


Surface soils along roadsides or near to industrial areas may contain high concentrations of lead that adversely affect plant production. Lead contamination of roadside soils is generally attributed to the exhaust emissions of automobiles operating with leaded gasoline. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationships between lead accumulation in soils and the distance from the road edge, predominant wind direction and soil depth, and to define vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of lead accumulation within the study area. The lead content of soil decreased rapidly with the distance from the road, and the relationship was described by a power function. The contamination was more dependent on the predominant wind direction. Our results indicated that lead that had accumulated within the top few centimetres of soil had been mixed throughout the ploughing layer in cultivated lands. Soils within 40 m of the motorway had at least 2 to 6 times higher amounts of lead than the background level.


In this letter, the mmAlert system, predicting millimeter wave (mmWave) link blockage during data communication, is elaborated and demonstrated. The passive sensing method is adopted for mobile blocker detection, where two receive beams with separated radio frequency (RF) chains are equipped at the data communication receiver. One receive beam is aligned to the direction of line-of-sight (LoS) path, and the other one periodically sweeps the region close to the LoS path. By comparing the signals received by the above two beams, the Doppler frequencies of the signal scattered from the mobile blocker can be detected. Furthermore, by tracking the Doppler frequencies and the angle-of-arrivals (AoAs) of the scattered signals, the trajectory of the mobile blocker can be estimated, such that the potential link blockage can be predicted by assuming consistent mobile velocity. It is demonstrated via experiments that the mmAlert system can always detect the motions of the walking person close to the LoS path, and predict 90\% of the LoS blockage with sensing time of 1.4 seconds.


Three symmetric viologen derivatives bearing aliphatic substituents of variable length were employed as guests, and the supramolecular self-assembly between teteamethyl cucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) and these viologen derivatives guests has been studied by H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction methods in details. The experimental results revealed that there are similar interaction models between TMeQ[6] and three viologens guest, the alkyl chains of the guests are located inside the cavity of the TMeQ[6] host, whereas the 4,4'-dipyridyl moieties of the guests remain outside of the portal, forming a 2∶1 host-guest inclusion complex.


This study explores the effects of chroma on participants' performance and environmental appraisal of an office. The research was conducted in a full-scale experimental room designed as a private office where achromatic and chromatic color schemes with coequal values were applied. Sixty participants were assigned tasks and given a questionnaire to appraise the spatial color schemes. The findings show that chroma significantly affects performance and space appraisal. In terms of accuracy and time spent performance scores measured significantly better in the room with the chromatic scheme than those in the room with the achromatic scheme. The office with the chromatic scheme was found to be more pleasant, attractive, satisfying and dynamic than the one with the achromatic scheme, whereas the achromatic scheme was thought to be more formal and harmonious. Categorization of pleasantness, harmony, dynamism and spaciousness by factor analysis also showed differences between the achromatic and chromatic schemes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012


In this paper, current state energy equipment of IPS Ukraine after missile attacks on the country's critical infrastructure is considered. The main principles for generating equipment reconstruction and modernization of the Ukraine power plants in the post-war period formulated. To restore generation equipment should be at fundamentally new level with the involvement of advanced achievements of global and internal electrical engineering is proposed. During the recon-struction of destroyed power units, it is necessary to use turbine generators with colored operational characteristics that take into account the nature of the machine load, the geographical location of the station, the presence of electrical connections, etc. Foremost (first priority) it is necessary to restore machines with full air-cooling, which have enhanced maneuverability (including asynchronous). The main advantages of turbogenerators with air-cooling are considered. Identified elements and components of the structure, the technical condition of which as a whole is a determining factor for ensuring their reliable operation. The principles of building automated systems for monitoring the state of the equipment (systems for monitoring the state of pressing the stator core and humidity of the refrigerant in the machine body) are considered. Ref. 6, fig. 3, table. Keywords: turbogenerator, technical state, reliability, defect, diagnostics.


ForewordThis final report was prepared by the Science Center of Rockwell International, Thou-sand Oaks, California, for the Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration, Hampton, Virginia. The work was performed under Contract No. NAS1-15820, "Development of Full Potential and Euler Aero Prediction Methods for Super-sonic/Hypersonic Configuration Design." Mr. Noel Talcott and Mr. Kenneth Jones werethe contract monitors of this contract.Mr. E. Bonner of the Los Angeles Division, Rockwell International, was the Pro-gram Manager; Drs. K.-Y. Szema, S.R. Chakravarthy, and V. Shankar of the RockwellInternational Science Center were the Principal Investigators.pAGE CLANK NOT FILI_-'-Diii


The present invention relates to a wireless communications system. 3G UMTS mobile telephone system, UMTS integrated to provide a basis or root as USIM (UMTS subscriber identity module) application of the various security measures for the communication path to secure between the 3G mobile terminal and the UMTS wireless network (or UTRAN) depending on the smart card, which is to secure called circuit card (UICC). For example, the internal key center (IKC 1250) and Bootstrapping Server Function (BSF 1270), to specific plurality of local keys (Ks_local) is authenticated to the application and NAF (network application function), and the message encryption and such as to allow the procedure to be used to release of, discloses a method for exchanging terminal information by UICC.


An effort to characterize the most promising concepts for large, central-station electrical generation was done under the auspices of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program (NASAP). The two leading candidates were identified from this effort: The Mixed-Flow Gaseous Core Reactor (MFGCR) and the Heterogeneous Gas Core Reactor (HGCR). Key advantages over other nuclear concepts are weighed against the disadvantages of an unproven technology and the cost-time for deployment to make a sound decision on RandD support for these promising reactor alternatives. 38 refs.


A large number of papers published in the last decades are related to the effect of ozone exposure on mortality worldwide. Several studies have been performed to investigate the effect of ozone on mortality in Madrid (Spain), but the findings of these local reports were focused only on the Madrid city. The association of daily concentrations of ozone with daily mortality was investigated using autoregressive Poisson regression models. This study explores the effects of ozone on all causes except accidents, cardiovascular and respiratory short-term mortality in two areas of the Madrid region: an urban area constituted by the Madrid municipality and an industrial sub-urban area surrounding the city. Using three years of daily data (2003-2005), it was analyzed the all-ages populations and the over-64 age groups. The average ozone concentrations over the study period were 54.07 ± 27.17 µg/m3 in the Madrid municipality and 70.09 ± 32.96 µg/m3 in the sub-urban municipalities surrounding the city.Our results in the all-ages group indicated that 0.69% of all causes except accidents, 1.15% of cardiovascular and 1.56% of respiratory daily deaths, respectively, could be attributed to exposure to ozone in the Madrid city, whereas 11.69% of daily respiratory deaths were attributable to ozone exposure in the Madrid sub-urban surroundings. Our results show a clear association between mortality and ozone exposure. The spatial heterogeneity of ozone effects on short-term mortality throughout the Madrid region may have implications for local environmental policies and also for social and health services planning.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of exogenous creatine phosphate on myocardium protecting in correction of cardiac defects in children. Methods: From June 1999 to March 2000, 40 children undergoing correction of cardiac defects were divided into two groups randomly: group A modified St.Thomas No1 solution, and group B using same solution but enriched with 10 mmol/L exogenous creatine phosphate. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex ratio, diagnosis, C/T ratio, or left ventricular function. Blood samples were collected before aorta cannulation and at time intervals up to 6 days postoperatively. Analysis of creatine kinase MB, LDH and cardiac specific troponin I was made for detection of myocardial damage. Results: There was no arrhythmia in group B. The CK MB and cTnI concentration were much lower in group B than that in group A 24 hours after operation (P0.05), and then returned to baseline 72 hours postoperatively. Conclusion: As an new and effective composition, exogenous creatine phosphate can improve significantly the myocardial protective effect of the St. Thomas No1 solution in correction of cardiac defects in children.


With the development of embedded system, people have more and more in-depth research on its application in the field of vocal music. This paper mainly introduces a variety of optimization methods based on fuzzy neural network theory, improved algorithm and support vector machine technology to deal with multi-dimensional nonlinear planning problems in the process of vocal music product processing, and combines optimization solutions for linear weighting factors under different parameters to achieve the optimal segmentation model. Finally, numerical simulation experiments show that the scheme can better solve the complex feature points in the processing system, The embedded vocal music segmentation system based on GMM model adaptation algorithm has fast segmentation time, fast adaptation time and high matching degree. The system architecture has good stability and controllability.


The time-honored view that logic is a non-empirical enterprise is still widely accepted, but it is not always recognized that there are (at least) two distinct ways in which this view can be made precise. One way focuses on the knowledge we can have of logical matters, the other on the nature of the logical consequence relation itself. More specifically, the first way embodies the claim that knowledge of whether the logical consequence relation holds in a particular case is knowledge that can be had a priori (if at all). The second way presupposes a distinction between structural and non-structural properties and relations, and it holds that logical consequence is to be defined exclusively in terms of the former. It is shown that the two ways are not coextensive by giving an example of a logic that is non-empirical in the second way but not in the


Abstract We recently reported that RNAi-mediated off-target effects are important drivers of the hepatotoxicity observed for a subset of GalNAc–siRNA conjugates in rodents, and that these findings could be mitigated by seed-pairing destabilization using a single GNA nucleotide placed within the seed region of the guide strand. Here, we report further investigation of the unique and poorly understood GNA/RNA cross-pairing behavior to better inform GNA-containing siRNA design. A reexamination of published GNA homoduplex crystal structures, along with a novel structure containing a single (S)-GNA-A residue in duplex RNA, indicated that GNA nucleotides universally adopt a rotated nucleobase orientation within all duplex contexts. Such an orientation strongly affects GNA-C and GNA-G but not GNA-A or GNA-T pairing in GNA/RNA heteroduplexes. Transposition of the hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor pairs using the novel (S)-GNA-isocytidine and -isoguanosine nucleotides could rescue productive base-pairing with the complementary G or C ribonucleotides, respectively. GalNAc-siRNAs containing these GNA isonucleotides showed an improved in vitro activity, a similar improvement in off-target profile, and maintained in vivo activity and guide strand liver levels more consistent with the parent siRNAs than those modified with isomeric GNA-C or -G, thereby expanding our toolbox for the design of siRNAs with minimized off-target activity.


Citation: Motter JN, Devanand DP, Doraiswamy PM and Sneed JR (2015) Computerized cognitive training for major depressive disorder: what's next? Front. Psychiatry 6:137. Antidepressant non-Response in Late-Life Depression Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects 8–25% of adults aged 60 years and older and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Older individuals who are depressed have significantly increased risk of disability and death compared to older adults without depression. Treatment to remission is critical to mitigate the morbidity associated with MDD, as residual symptoms leave patients at increased risk of suicide, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and development of dementia. MDD occurring in the context of mild cognitive impairment (MCI; defined as 1.5 SDs below age and sex adjusted norms on memory) convert to dementia at a greater rate than elderly non-depressed patients with MCI (41 versus 15%) (1), lending support to the idea that late-life MDD may be a prodrome for later dementia (2). Although antidepressant medication is the most frequently used approach for treatment, as many as 50% of patients will not achieve remission with the first treatment (3). Furthermore, resolution of symptoms in late-life is often slower than in mid-life depression (4) and patients with a first depressive episode in late-life are also particularly likely to have a slow recovery compared to those with onset earlier in life (5). It is crucial, therefore, that we develop novel interventions to improve antidepressant response. One of the most important factors in antidepressant non-response among older adults is the presence of executive dysfunction (ED) (5). ED refers to dysfunction in the executive function system, a broad class of mental functions necessary for adaptive and goal-directed behavior that includes planning, organization, problem solving, mental flexibility, and response inhibition (6). Impairment in frontostriatal-limbic networks, in particular the cognitive control network (CCN), is strongly implicated as mediating ED (7). The CCN, which consists of the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and their limbic connections, is involved in error detection and resolution. It has been implicated in impaired emotional processing (8). Distinct roles for the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been delineated within the CCN: the anterior cingulate cortex monitors for the presence of response conflict processes and activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to resolve the conflict using adjustment processes (i.e., such as the inhibition of responses to task-irrelevant stimuli) (9). Although the DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex have …


For children, life is a playground. Children love playing. From babies holding toys and manipulating them clumsily, to school children, who play sophisticated games that require thinking, planning and manipulating, kids just love games. In fact, games are a source of calm and comfort for most and they stimulate the mind and body using the 'fun incentive'.


In recent years,poems written by the thinkers of principle of the Song dynasty have become the hotspot in the study of Song Poetry.Shao Yong′s poems,therefore,drew the attention of researchers,and some study achievements have been made by them.Just as Shao Yong was a thinker and litterateur,so was his poetry with the double traits of Confucian school of idealist philosophy and literature.Naturally,there exist different angles and approaches to the study of Shao′s poems,among which are the four kinds-on principles in terms of poetry,on poems in terms of poetry,on human in terms of poetry and on art in terms of poetry.


The Self Turn-ON influences the turn-ON and short-circuit behaviour of the IGBT. This is a positive feedback by the IGBT on itself and increases its turn-ON speed. The strength of the effect depends on the gate structure's design. Therefore, IGBTs with different gate structures are investigated with TCAD simulations. Additionally, its influence during Fault under Load is investigated.


Multiphase machines with a prime number of phases (five and seven) have shown better torque density than machines with other phase numbers. Unfortunately, these machines require a special stator design. Hence, this article proposes general rewinding techniques to obtain a five-phase winding from the existing standard three-phase stator frames. The proposed rewinding techniques are applied to construct a five-phase star-connected synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM 1) and a novel combined star-pentagon winding (SynRM 2). Simple mathematical formulations are introduced to compute the equivalent winding factor. The performance of five-phase SynRMs is analyzed using two-dimensional Ansys Maxwell transient simulations under the same copper volume for both healthy and faulty cases. SynRM 1 and 2 provide 6.56% and 13.35% higher torque compared to the three-phase SynRM at rated current and at optimal current angle. The torque ripple is decreased by 17% and 30%, respectively. Moreover, SynRM 1 and 2 offer a better performance at the faulty case; e.g., at one phase opened, the average torque of SynRM 1 and 2 is 82% and 108% higher compared to the three-phase SynRM. In addition, the torque ripple is reduced by about 63% and 81%. Finally, experimental results are done to validate the proposed winding techniques.


Music transcription refers to the process of detecting musical events (typically consisting of notes, starting times and durations) from an audio signal. Most existing work in automatic music transcription has focused on offline processing. In this work we describe our efforts in building a system for real time music transcription for the vibraphone. We describe experiments with three audio-based methods for music transcription that are representative of the state of the art. One method is based on multiple pitch estimation and the other two methods are based on factorization of the audio spectrogram. In addition we show how information from a video camera can be used to impose constraints on the symbol search space based on the gestures of the performer. Experimental results with various system configurations show that this multi-modal approach leads to a significant reduction of false positives and increases the overall accuracy. This improvement is observed for all three audio methods, and indicates that visual information is complimentary to the audio information in this context.


ABSTRACT Since the fining-upward cycle model for meandering-river deposits was published in 1963, about a dozen facies models have been defined for rivers of varying sediment grain size, channel multiplicity and sinuosity. However, this suite of models is inadequate for the interpretation of many fluvial deposits because it does not incorporate the effects of a variety of outside-the-basin (allocyclic) sedimentary controls. The most important of these controls is tectonics, because differential movement between basin and source area, and changes in the rate of movement, can cause major changes in fluvial sedimentary environments. These changes give rise to fining- or coarsening-upward cyclic sequences which are superimposed on the cycles generated by within-basin (autocylic) mechanisms. Variations in climate can cause variations in sediment grain size and in depositional style as a result of alterations in weathering modes and discharge characteristics. These latter variations have been studied in hot arid, warm temperate and fluvioglacial regimes, but are poorly known in other climatic zones. As a result, many of our preconceptions about fluvial geomorphology and sedimentation may be inappropriate for other climatic conditions such as hot, humid environments. Channel morphology varies between four basic styles: braided, meandering, anastomosed and straight, but the sedimentological characteristics of intermediate morphological types have yet to be quantified. Many pre-Carboniferous rivers appear to have lacked clearly defined channels with cutbanks. The probable cause was low bank cohesion caused by an absence of land vegetation, a condition that cannot be modelled accurately from observations of modern rivers. The absence of vegetation would have favoured a flash-flood depositional process, which tends to generate sheet-like deposits rather than lenticular, channel-bound units. Sedimentological studies in modern rivers are beset by the problem of preservability, in that a river's long-term aggradation behaviour is commonly unclear. The problem is compounded by the fact that many studies have been carried out on rivers that are actively degrading. Cyclic sequences in fluvial sediments can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, and the interpretation of a given deposit solely in terms of a published facies model may be misleading. For most fluvial sequences it is necessary to adopt a multivariate "basin analysis" approach.


We define a zeta function woth respect to the twisted Grover matrix of a mixed digraph, and present an exponential expression and a determinant expression of this zeta function. As an application, we give a trace formula with respect to the twisted Grover matrix of a mixed digraph.


1. A mobile floor care machine (10) with an integrated tool (24) for the floor cleaning, wherein the holder (52) equipment for cleaning equipment which has at least one installed on the floor care machine (10) receiving unit (54, 56), and and at least one adapted to connect with it the holding unit (58, 60) for retaining cleaning inventarya.2. Floor care machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one retaining block (58, 60) is connectable with the power and / or form-locking with at least one receiving unit (54, 56) .3. Floor care machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one retaining block (58, 60) is pinched at least at one receiver unit (54, 56) .4. Floor care machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one retaining block (58, 60) is lockable in at least one receiving unit (54, 56) .5. Floor care machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one retaining block (58, 60) is hung by at least one receiving unit (54, 56) .6. Floor care machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one retaining block (58, 60) is adapted to detachably connecting at least one receiving unit (54, 56) .7. Floor care machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one receiving unit (54, 56) located on the floor care machine (10) sboku.8. Floor care machine according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one receiving unit (54, 56) located on the floor care machine (10) on the longitudinal side (14, 15) .9. Floor care machine of claim 7, characterized


An understanding of the rural world of early modern England must start with the activity that occupied most of the population: the practical business of farming. This chapter begins with a description of farming operations and considers the constraints farmers faced in attempting to maintain or increase their output of crops and livestock. Farming was not a uniform activity, so some of the differences between farming enterprises are discussed in terms of their products, labour requirements, income flows and relations with the market. The chapter then investigates the land being farmed in terms of patterns of ownership and rights to property. The next section moves from farms to farmers, looking at their social status, and at their social and economic relationships within the local community. Finally, the chapter explores the relationships between these various elements of the rural economy within the context of a framework of rural regions. Farming Five hundred years ago English farmers grew four major cereal crops: wheat, rye, barley and oats, together with the pulse crops of peas and beans; they also kept cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Although these crops and livestock are kept by farmers today, cereal crops have been changed dramatically by plant breeding during the twentieth century, and livestock characteristics have been transformed by selective breeding. During the last five centuries sugar beet, potatoes, rape, turnips and swedes amongst others have been added to the sixteenth-century list of crops, although all but sugar beet were introduced in the three centuries before 1850.


We investigate the energy spectrum of one‐dimensional ionic conductor described with Pauli statistics taking into account ion transfer as well as the short‐range non‐local correlation between particles. Both commutator and anticommutator Green's functions constructed of Pauli creation and annihilation operators are calculated using exact diagonalization technique on the basis of finite ionic chains with periodic boundary conditions. The frequency dependencies of one‐particle spectral densities are calculated. In the limit of vanishing correlation strength the results are compared with the ones obtained by means of fermionization procedure while for different correlation strengths the results are compared to the ones obtained via exact diagonalization technique for similar systems described with Fermi statistics.


As CMOS technology is scaled down and adopted for many RF and millimeter-wave radio systems, design of T/R switches in CMOS has received considerable attention. Many T/R switches designed in 0.5 ¿m 65 nm CMOS processes have been reported. Table 4 summarizes these T/R switches. Some of them have become great candidates for WLAN and UWB radios. However, none of them met the requirements of mobile cellular and WPAN 60-GHz radios. CMOS device innovations and novel ideas such as artificial dielectric strips and bandgap structures may provide a comprehensive solution to the challenges of design of T/R switches for mobile cellular and 60-GHz radios.


BACKGROUND:
A prospective study in 100 female patients with a palpable breast lump. Based on triple assessment of breast, clinical examination, histological and radiological study. This study compared the pattern of breast swelling in premenopausal and postmenopausal woman and the most common breast lump in each group.
METHODS:
Total 100 female patients with palpable breast lump were
divided equally into premenopausal (50 patients) and postmenopausal group (50 patients). Each patient went through clinical examination, FNAC, core needle biopsy (if needed). USG breast was done in all patients, mammogram was done in selected patients. All post operative specimen were sent for histopathological examination.
RESULTS:
Among total 100 patients, 60 patients had a benign breast
disease, 40 patients had a malignant breast disease. In Premenopausal women, 82 % patients had a benign disease. In post menopausal women, 38% patients had a benign disease. In pre menopausal women, 18% patients had malignant breast disease. In post menopausal women, 62% patients had
malignant breast disease. Among malignant disease of breast
60%) were invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, 32.5% were invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, 5% were invasive medullary carcinoma of the breast, 2.5% was inflammatory carcinoma of the breast.
CONCLUSION:
In my study malignant breast disease is more common in
post menopausal women. Benign breast disease is more common in pre menopausal women. Fibrocystic cystic disease of breast is the most common benign breast disease among all women. In premenopausal women, there is very high percentage of invasive lobular carcinoma when compared to patients with malignant breast disease in general population in India. In post menopausal women, the most common malignant breast disease was invasive ductal carcinoma breast NST/NOS. There was higher percentage of invasive lobular carcinoma. when compared to patients with malignant breast disease in general population in India.


A high-resolution radio echo sounder operating at a frequency of 620 MHz has been developed for studies of temperate glaciers. Excellent spatial resolution is obtained through the use of a short pulse length (70 ns) and an antenna beam width of 5.2°. Large amounts of high-quality data may be rapidly collected since the sounder incorporates an automatic positioning system and an on-line computer. Real time analysis of the echoes facilitates the understanding of complex reflecting horizons observed in temperate glaciers. Results obtained during field trials of the echo sounder on both the Wapta Icefield and Athabasca Glacier are given. Intraglacial structures which may be due to water levels within the ice have been detected.


ABSTRACT This work describes integrated nutrient management for cultivation of Allium hookeri by using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) applied in rhizosphere, along with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Arthrobacter luteolus S4C7, Enterobacter asburiae S5C7, Klebsiella pneumoniae S4C9, S4C10 and S6C1, and K. quasipneumoniae S6C2, were isolated from rhizosphere of Allium hookeri Thwaites, and were found to release substantial amount of soluble phosphate (124.8–266.4 μg/mL) from TCP in vitro conditions. These isolates were experimented for plant growth promoting attributes, including IAA, siderophore, and nitrogen-fixation. Treatment with PSB resulted in enhanced growth of A. hookeri Th., which was even better with TCP amendment with PSB. K.quasipneumoniae S6C2 resulted in 39.1% and 533.3% increase (p ≤ 0.05) of root length and weight respectively. The treatment with these isolates, in TCP amended soil also resulted in 200–250% increase in available P in soil, which was maximum for K. quasipneumoniae (1.866 mg/g).


The carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice was used to further elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of honey and propolis from the Philippine stingless bee (Tetragonula biroi Freise). Injection of the phlogistic agent, λ-carrageenan, in mice resulted in significant 11-fold and 7-fold increase in blood levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, respectively compared with the healthy non-treated mice. Remarkably, pre-treatment with Philippine stingless bee honey significantly reduced blood levels of IL-1β by 38.46% and IL-6 by 36.75%, respectively in carrageenan-injected mice. Similarly, pre-treatment with Philippine stingless bee propolis reduced blood levels of IL-1β and IL-6 by 41.12% and 50.78%, respectively. This aforementioned reduction in blood IL-1β and IL-6 levels with honey and propolis treatment were statistically comparable with the anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium. These findings indicate that the Philippine stingless bee honey and propolis possess potent anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6. Altogether, it strengthens the potential development of these indigenous bee-derived substances as new biomedical products for the treatment of acute inflammatory conditions.


Cognitive radio (CR) intelligently adapts particular transmission or reception parameter by sensing the environment. It has received great attention recently for its ability to improve spectrum efficiency by enabling secondary users to access spectrum resource, when it is being unoccupied by primary users. In this paper, spatial modulation technique is employed in overlay cognitive radio networks, in which the primary and secondary networks share the same spectrum band. In CR system model, the direct link between the primary transmitter and receiver is not available along with the Cognitive Radio transmitter assists the primary network as a relay to Decode-and-forward (DF) the transmitted symbols of the primary. Spatial modulation is used in the secondary transmitter to split the transmission space into two data in spatial domains. The secondary transmitter retransmits the primary symbols, while its own information is transmitted by the index of transmitting antenna, similar to space shift keying, without causing any interference to the primary receiver. Outage probability of the spatial modulation in cognitive radio networks is improved by using Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) at the cognitive transmitter and Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC) at the primary destination and cognitive destination. A closed form of outage probability expression is derived for primary and secondary destinations. Analytical simulations are also carried out in MATLAB software.


Background. Spontaneous regression of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, occasionally reported in low grade groups, is a rare phenomenon in high grade groups. Clonal proliferation has not been confirmed in the majority of reported cases. In this woman, age 58 years, who had been diagnosed as having high grade immunoblastic lymphoma after excision of a single cervical lymph node, the remaining bilateral cervical, inguinal, and axillary adenopathy regressed completely without any cytotoxic treatments 22 days after biopsy. At the time of this writing, the patient has been free of disease for 24 months.


Data structures for efficient sampling from a set of weighted items are an important building block of many applications. However, few parallel solutions are known. We close many of these gaps. We give efficient, fast, and practicable parallel and distributed algorithms for building data structures that support sampling single items (alias tables, compressed data structures). This also yields a simplified and more space-efficient sequential algorithm for alias table construction. Our approaches to sampling k out of n items with/without replacement and to subset (Poisson) sampling are output-sensitive, i.e., the sampling algorithms use work linear in the number of different samples. This is also interesting in the sequential case. Weighted random permutation can be done by sorting appropriate random deviates. We show that this is possible with linear work. Finally, we give a communication-efficient, highly scalable approach to (weighted and unweighted) reservoir sampling. This algorithm is based on a fully distributed model of streaming algorithms that might be of independent interest. Experiments for alias tables and sampling with replacement show near linear speedups using up to 158 threads of shared-memory machines. An experimental evaluation of distributed weighted reservoir sampling on up to 5,120 cores also shows good speedups.


Tonkikh Yu.L., Bronnikova E.P., Tsukanov V.V.The research institute of medical problems of the North of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of medical sciences, 660022, Krasnoyarsk, RussiaThe clinical epidemiological examination of native inhabitants of the Republic of Tuva aged 16 years and older was carried out. The purpose of study was to examine characteristics of prevalence and risk factors of biliary pathology using transversal technique. The clinical examination and ultra-sound scanning of abdominal organs was applied with detection of motor function of gallbladder was implemented. The 50% sampling included 572 Tuvinians (202 males and 370 females). The gastroenterology screening was attended by fi lling of standard questionnaire to analyze complains, anamnesis, social status, objective state of patient with calculation of Quetelet index to evaluate surplus body mass. The prevalence of cholelithiasis in rural inhabitants of Tuva made up to 7.3% (9.6% in females and 2.9% in males) and chronic acalculous cholecystitis made up to 8.8% (12.1% in females and 5.0% in males). In males prevailed hyper-motor condition of motion activity of gallbladder - 80.5% agaunst 57.1% in females. On the contrary, hypo-motor dyskinesia of bile-excreting tracts more often occurred in Tuvian females (20.8%) as compared with males (13.9%). The prevalence of hypo-motor dyskinesia, acalculous cholecystitis and cholelithiasis sequentially increased with aging. The ratio of this indicator in groups of patients aged 20-29 years and 60 years and older consisted 1:9, 1:6 and 0:18 correspondingly. The rate of acalculous cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in Tuvians with obesity was 7 and 8.1 times higher than in persons with normal body mass. The study established that in native inhabitants of Tuva risk factors for cholelithiasis were female gender, age older than 30 years and obesity.


Correction for 'One-pot reductive amination of aldehydes with nitroarenes using formic acid as the hydrogen donor and mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride supported AgPd alloy nanoparticles as the heterogeneous catalyst' by Seda Ergen et al., New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 10000–10006, DOI: 10.1039/C8NJ01569D


Using weekly security market Composite Index data for Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Ex- change,The authors examine the relationship between correlation and variance in a conditional time and state varying framework.The authors use a switching ARCH technique that does two things.One,it enables us to model variance as state varying.Two,a bi-variant SW-ARCH model allows us to go from conditional variance to state varying covariance and correlations and hence test for differences in correlation between two Exchanges, across variance regimes.We find strong evidence of volatility contagion across security markets when the high- volatility regime charges the markets.But in the low-volatility regime,the state-dependent correlation between markets are negative,this means investors can choice a portfolio with higher Sharpe ratios resulting from our SW-ARCH model compared to a GARCH framework.


Rabies causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. This is a viral disease. Every year, there are about 59,000 people worldwide die from rabies. About 99 percent of them have been bitten by dogs. This study, we formulated the dynamical model consider the transmission of rabies disease. The most important animals which transmit this disease are dogs, cats and possibly other animals. We consider the transmission of rabies virus between human and dog populations. The dynamical model is separated into human and dog populations. The standard dynamical analysis is used to analyze this model. The local and global stabilities are analyzed.


Modeled and observed solar diffuse fluxes at the surface usually have unacceptably large discrepancies. It is necessary to address and resolve these discrepancies in order to accurately calculate a reliable aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). We present and compare two methods of deriving dust aerosol optical properties from the MFRSR (Multi‐Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer) observations and the AERONET products. The single‐scattering albedo (SSA) values from MFRSR are found to be 10% less than those from the AERONET. This difference is mainly due to the different imaginary part of refractive index retrieved by the MFRSR compared to AERONET. These two sets of dust aerosol optical properties are used in the SBDART model to simulate the shortwave fluxes that are compared with the surface observations to perform the radiative closure experiment. The diffuse simulations using the AERONET‐derived aerosol SSA may have significant discrepancies compared with the observed diffuse irradiances. The DRFs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) simulated with the MFRSR‐derived aerosol optical properties are positive while the DRFs with the AERONET are negative. The sign of the DRFs at the surface and in the atmosphere using the MFRSR is the same as those using the AERONET while the magnitudes from the MFRSR are much larger. It indicates that dust aerosols with higher absorption as derived from the MFRSR heat the aerosol layer but cool the surface much more than those based on the AERONET, which may have an important impact on the boundary layer processes.


Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations affect climate directly through radiative effects and indirectly by changing plant water‐use efficiency. Under global warming scenarios these widely reported changes will have a substantial impact on future bush encroachment, crop yields, river flow and climate feedbacks. Tree‐ring intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) records for Africa show a 24.6% increase over the 20th century. As high iWUE can partly counterbalance projected decreases in regional precipitation, this research has important implications for those involved in water resource management and highlights the need for climate models to take physiological forcing into account.


Learning to read and write depends on abilities that are language related but that go beyond the ordinary abilities required for speaking and listening. Research has shown that the success of learners, whether they are children or adults, is related to the degree to which they are aware of the underlying phonological structure of words. Poor readers are often unable to segment words into their phonological constituents and may have other phonological deficiencies as well. Dyslexia is defined as an unexpected difficulty in learning to read. Students with dyslexia are impacted by a gap between their intellectual level and their reading level. The condition also effects other school-related skills. Consequently, dyslexics struggle copying with many of the activities that make up a school day (spelling, writing, and reading). Tragically, those daily academic struggles can inform some bleak and discouraging internal conversations. Dyslexics look around the room and see that certain basic skills come more easily to their peers and they commonly make the unsurprising, yet erroneous, determination that school is not for them. To reinforce this cycle further, their humiliating struggles can lead to an all-out retreat from class participation and assignments, furthering the idea that they have low capacity for achievement. Therefore it is absolutely essential that teachers need to be provided with orientation about the Dyslexia disorder so that they can understand and help students with dyslexia, and also spread the knowledge to others on the matter for further support.


Title: The relevance of knowledge transfer A qualitative study of labour-intensive organisations with high employee turnover Seminar date: 2015-06-05 Course: FEKH19, Degree Project in Strategic Management, Undergraduate Level, 15 ECTS Authors: Elina Jonsson, Hanna Sjöstrand, Linnette Ericsson Advisor: Anna Brattström


Understanding relationships among rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and yield components (panicle density, filled grain per panicle, unfilled grain per panicle, and grain weight) is critical to utilizing these relationships effectively. Interrelationships among rice yield and yield components for direct-seeded rice cultural systems using path-coefficient analysis that describes a priori cause-and-effect relationships have not been shown. Our objective was to study direct-seeded rice yield and yield component relationships as affected by seeding rates using path-coefficient analysis. «Lemont», a semidwarf rice, was seeded at 43, 85, 128, 170, and 213 kg ha −1 in four environments between 1986 and 1988 (...)


[129444-92-4] C18H24O3 (MW 288.42)

InChI = 1S/C18H24O3/c1-13-9-10-15(16(11-13)21-17(20)12-19)18(2,3)14-7-5-4-6-8-14/h4-8,12-13,15-16H,9-11H2,1-3H3/t13-,15-,16-/m1/s1

InChIKey = FHPVPXAVFQDAGV-FVQBIDKESA-N

(two-carbon unit utilized as a versatile chiral reagent in ene reactions,2 Diels–Alder reactions,3 various nucleophilic additions,4 and aromatic substitutions.5)

Physical Data: bp 135–140 °C/0.3 mmHg; [α]20:589 −169° (c 0.51, benzene).6

Solubility: sol most common organic solvents.

Preparative Methods: ozonolysis of 8-Phenylmenthyl Acrylate, NaOAc-catalyzed elimination of nitrite ion from nitrate esters, and direct esterification with glyoxylic acid.7

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: heating the glyoxylate monohydrate to 90 °C/0.1 mmHg for 4.5 h or distillation provides material which is sufficiently anhydrous for most practical applications. Due to its tendency to form a monohydrate and/or polymerize, 8-phenylmenthyl glyoxylate should be stored under nitrogen in the refrigerator.


Translators make deliberate choices when deciding translation strategies. The choices, among others, are based upon the extent of power the translators have for decision-making. The choice of translation strategy also reflects upon the status of a source text compared to translated text, as well as the ideological motivation guiding translation activities at a given time. The tendency in the strategy used by a translator, whether source or text-oriented, can be determined by investigating how culture-specific items are translated. Thus, this study has been carried out to identify the strategy used to translate a phenomenon in modern children's literature that is the Harry Potter book series, and to analyse the ideological and power factors that influenced the choice of strategy. Eightyfour culture-specific items have been identified and grouped according to Aixela's (1996) classification of culture-specific items. The procedures and overall strategy were based on the translation procedures classification model by Qafzezi (2013) which leverages the typology of procedures for translating culture-specific items by Ivir (1987) and Venuti's (2008) framework for translation strategies. The findings show that the translation strategy used to translate the Harry Potter series into Malay is largely source-oriented. The translator has limited power in deciding the strategy for translating the book series. The study also indicates that there has been a change in the ideological aspect behind children's literature translation activities in Malaysia now compared to the period of postcolonialism in the 1970s and 1980s.


T cell receptor engagement and the B7‐CD28 / CTLA‐4 signaling pathways play critical roles in T cell activation and regulation. CD28 engagement results in T cell activation, differentiation and survival while CTLA‐4 signals block IL‐2 production, cell cycle progression and T cell differentiation. We explored the role of CTLA‐4 in peripheral tolerance induced by intravenous administrationof ethylene carbodiimide‐fixed, antigen‐coupled splenocytes in the PLP139 – 151‐induced relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis system. Tolerance induction with PLP139 – 151‐coupled splenocytes correlates with low B7 expression on the fixed antigen‐presenting cells, conditions that would favor CTLA‐4‐mediated inhibition. Administration of CTLA‐4Ig or anti‐CTLA‐4 concomitant with the 'tolerogenic' stimulus, however, failed to reverse tolerance induction. In contrast, blocking CTLA‐4 at the time of secondary 'immunogenic' encounter with antigen reversed the tolerant state. These findings indicate that CTLA‐4 is required to maintain the unresponsive state of the tolerized T cells upon antigenic stimulation under inflammatory conditions and, therefore, have important implications for therapeutic regulation of autoimmune disease.


ABSTRACT The present meta-analysis examined the effects of resistance training on increasing the rate of force development (RFD), followed by exploring the changes in RFD occurring during training cessation. Five databases were searched to find eligible studies. Their methodological quality was evaluated using the Downs and Black checklist. The data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Seven studies with 11 training groups were included in the meta-analysis. All studies were classified as being of good or moderate quality. Resistance training increased RFD (d: 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.38). There was no significant difference in RFD between the postintervention and postdetraining periods (d: −0.02; 95% CI: −0.10–0.06). In subgroup meta-analyses, there was no significant difference (all p > 0.05) between the postintervention and postdetraining RFD when categorized according to detraining duration (up to 4 weeks versus 7–16 weeks) or participants' training status (untrained versus trained). This meta-analysis demonstrated that resistance training effectively increases RFD. More importantly, the results also indicated that gains in RFD are maintained after detraining. Thus, unlike a few other resistance training–induced adaptations (e.g., increases in muscular strength and muscular endurance), it seems that gains in RFD are preserved during a detraining phase.


Financial support: This work was supported in part by PASPA-UNAM (M.A.V-V.), NIH grants R01CA070896, R01CA075503, R01CA132115, R01CA107382, R01CA086072 (R.G.P.), R01CA120876 (M.P.L), the Kimmel Cancer Center NIH Cancer Center Core grant P30CA056036 (R.G.P.), generous grants from the Dr. Ralph and Marian C. Falk Medical Research Trust and the Margaret Q. Landenberger Research Foundation, and a grant from Pennsylvania Department of Health (R.G.P.).


The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2010 (INPC 2010) was held from 4–9 July in Vancouver, Canada, hosted by TRIUMF, the Canadian National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics. The INPC is the main conference in the field of nuclear physics, endorsed and supported by IUPAP (International Union for Pure and Applied Physics) and held every three years. This year's conference was the 25th in the series and attracted over 750 delegates (150 graduate students) from 43 countries. The conference's hallmark is its breadth in nuclear physics; topics included structure, reactions, astrophysics, hadronic structure, hadrons in nuclei, hot and dense QCD, new accelerators and underground nuclear physics facilities, neutrinos and nuclei, and applications and interdisciplinary research. The conference started with a public lecture 'An Atom from Vancouver' by L Krauss (Arizona), who gave a broad perspective on how nuclear physics is key to a deeper understanding of how the Universe was formed and the birth, life, and death of stars. The conference opened its scientific plenary program with a talk by P Braun-Munzinger (GSI/EMMI Darmstadt) who highlighted the progress that has been made since the last conference in Tokyo 2007. The presentation showcased theoretical and experimental examples from around the world. All topics were well represented by plenary sessions and well attended afternoon parallel sessions where over 250 invited and contributed talks were presented, in addition to over 380 poster presentations. The poster sessions were among the liveliest, with high participation and animated discussions from graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. Many opportunities were found to connect to fellow nuclear physicists across the globe and, particularly for conferences like the INPC which span an entire field, many unexpected links exist, often leading to new discussions or collaborations. Among the scientific highlights were the presentations in the fields of Hot and Dense QCD reporting on experimental and theoretical progress at the RHIC facility. The Nuclear Reactions session provided highlights from the many new and exciting facilities including the RIKEN RIBF in Japan, and an outlook of what we can expect from FAIR (Germany) and FRIB (USA). The quest towards the 'Island of Stability' for the Superheavy Element community is still on, and new progress was reported with the identification of element 114. Impressive progress in the theoretical sector, in particular with ab-initio approaches, was presented as well. Applications of these methods and progress in the nucleon–nucleon interactions were presented in the Nuclear Structure session, where 3-body forces interactions are now considered state of the art. Predictions of such calculations can then be tested by experiments, as presented, for example, for ground state properties of exotic nuclei with laser experiments and ion trap measurements. In-beam or in-flight experiments pave the way to even more exotic isotopes where new magic numbers for the nuclear shell model are appearing. This will also prove relevant for Nuclear Astrophysics, where significant progress was achieved experimentally with new direct capture reaction measurements with rare beams and background suppressed facilities located in underground laboratories. Neutron star research and new modeling results of core-collapse supernovae were presented, which clearly indicated the need for neutrino interactions. Neutrinos also played a large role in other sessions such as the New Facilities and Instrumentation session where, among other new exciting projects, the deep underground facilities were presented. The first beam results from long-baseline oscillation experiments showed progress in this field, and double-beta decay experiments are nearing their first possible results, something that the community of nuclear physicists, but also others, are keenly waiting for. The Standard Model Tests and Fundamental Symmetries session is always one of the conference highlights. There, progress on Standard Model tests employing atomic nuclei or nuclear physics methods – which are used to probe complimentary sectors to large particle physics experiments, for example atomic and neutron EDM experiments – is reported. Recent progress was reported in the sector of nuclear beta decay as related to the testing of the CKM unitarity matrix, as well as the W-mass and the Weak Mixing Angle. The muon anomalous magnetic moment and its sensitivity for probing new physics and future experimental improvements are anticipated and showcase the activity in the field. The large oral and poster presentation program was extended to include special presentations by the IUPAP young scientist award winners. This prize is given out in the field of nuclear physics every three years during the INPC conference, and this year's winners were: Kenji Fukushima (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University), Peter Mueller (Argonne National Laboratory), and Lijuan Ruan (Brookhaven National Laboratory). These three scientists represent future excellence in nuclear physics in the fields of theoretical QCD, experimental techniques related to quark gluon plasma, and precision experiments in low energy nuclear halo physics. One keenly anticipated presentation, 'The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen experiment', presented the results of the measurement of the proton rms charge radius. These results claimed a 5 sigma deviation from the established CODATA-value and in the future more tests will be needed to verify these findings. INPC 2010 made a special effort to attract many graduate students and post-doctoral fellows to the conference. This was achieved by a number of efforts, for example, TRIUMF combined its traditional summer school with the US National Science Foundation summer school for nuclear physics, and offered the school directly prior to the conference. This allowed the school to recruit some of the INPC delegates as lecturers, but also gave a broad overview of the field of nuclear physics before the conference. In addition INPC 2010 teamed up with the publishing house of Nuclear Physics A to provide awards to the best student oral presentation and the three top poster presentations at the conference. An international panel of judges together with members from the editorial board of Nuclear Physics A finally decided on the following award winners among a very strong field of applicants: P Finlay (Guelph, Canada), oral presentation; Y J Kim (Indiana, USA), E Rand (Guelph, Canada), and T Brunner (Munich, Germany) for posters. A treat of a different kind was in store for delegates at the conference banquet at the Museum of Anthropology. Olivia Fermi, the granddaughter of nuclear physics 'royalty' Enrico Fermi, was among the guests and shared in the after-dinner speech some anecdotes from her life growing up in the Fermi household. This, together with the unique setting of the museum of First Nations' artefacts and art pieces and overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the skyline of Vancouver, was a perfect fit for a very special conference. The field of nuclear physics clearly presented itself in a healthy and dynamic state, with many young people eagerly anticipating the advent of new experiments, theory, and facilities. At the end of the conference IUPAP announced the selection of the host of the next INPC conference: it will be held in 2013 in Florence, Italy. On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee we would like to acknowledge the great work of the Program Committee and the Session Chairs, who were responsible for the excellent selection and execution of the Parallel Session Program, the International Advisory Program and the work for the Plenary Session selections, and the judges for the Student Awards. Moreover, we would like to acknowledge the support of TRIUMF as the host and main organizer of the conference. Additional support was provided by the Canadian Institute for Nuclear Physics and the International Union for Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). Very grateful acknowledgments go to the many volunteers and student helpers who ensured the frictionless and seamless execution of a very fruitful and exciting conference. We wish the organizers of the next INPC in Florence the best of luck and we hope to see you there. On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee Jens Dilling (Chair of INPC 2010)


42 p. A THESIS Presented to the Department of Psychology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Science, Spring 2006. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: SCA Archiv Johnson 2006


Many business elements are used to develop credit scorecards. Reject inference, related to the issue of sample bias, is one of the key processes required to build relevant application scorecards and is vital in creating successful scorecards. Reject inference is used to assign a target class (that is, a good or bad designation) to applications that were rejected by the financial institution and to applicants who refused the financial institution's offer. This paper uses real-world data to present an example of using memorybased reasoning as a reject inference technique. SAS® Enterprise Miner™ software is used to perform the analysis. The paper discusses the technical concepts in reject inference and the methodology behind using memory-based reasoning as a reject inference technique. Several misclassification measures are reported to determine how well memory-based reasoning performs as a reject inference technique. In addition, a macro to determine how to pick the number of neighbors for the memory-based reasoning technique is given and discussed. This macro is implemented in a SAS® Enterprise Miner™ code node. OVERVIEW OF SCORECARDS Credit scorecard development is a method of modeling potential risk of credit applicants. It involves using different statistical techniques and past historical data to create a scorecard that financial institutions use to assess credit applicants in terms of risk. A scorecard model is built from a number of characteristic inputs. Each characteristic can have a number of attributes. In the example scorecard shown in Figure 1, age is a characteristic and "25<=AGE<33" is an attribute. Each attribute is associated with a number of scorecard points. These scorecard points are statistically assigned to differentiate risk, based on the predictive power of the variables, correlation between the variables, and business considerations.


This paper discusses the use of mind maps by interdisciplinary teams of students during a collaborative
design activity. In the context of a Graduate Diploma program aiming to train specialists in eco-design
strategy, we seek to offer pedagogical content, delivery methods, and tools that integrate theory and
praxis and help students to co-construct new knowledge. A project-based studio was designed as an
introduction to the design process and collaborative design. Eleven students from different disciplinary
backgrounds teamed up to work on the project in situations where they continually needed to reflect on
their dynamic of collaboration, on the design process, and on their actions. At the end of the studio,
students received a questionnaire with 14 open-ended questions about the approach and various tools
used during the course. Analysis of the answers shows that students consider collaboratively developed
mind maps as an essential cross-disciplinary boundary object useful for broadening the team's horizons,
stimulating creativity, structuring thinking process and tackling the complexity of the project. In
addition, mind mapping offered a platform for collaborative design: by going through the iterative
process of mind mapping students developed a shared view, a common language, a refined
understanding of the project, and design criteria which were meaningful and fitted their social,
environmental and disciplinary values. Our findings provide evidence that mind mapping can be used to
enhance both individual learning, and cross-disciplinary team interactions.


Urbanization has brought half of the world's population into urban areas while transforming the way people live, work, travel and building networks. Similarly, urbanization made a significant impact on lifestyles in urban and suburban Sri Lanka. However, urbanization often brings stress to people's lives, and jogging has been found as one way of avoiding such busy environments. In Sri Lanka, there are few dedicated tracks for jogging in urban and suburban areas. Unfortunately, the absence of proper design and surroundings of a jogging track may result in increased stress of its users, i.e., joggers. This study examines the impact of design conditions and landscape features of jogging tracks in Sri Lanka towards the level of stress of joggers. We selected two jogging tracks in the capital of Sri Lanka, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte as our case study. Further, we used online surveys and face to face interviews with joggers as data collection methods. We triangulated our data with experts' opinions that are gathered from park managers and landscape architects in government authorities. Mixed methods are used to analyse the collected data. Our results identify six main factors that increase the level of stress of joggers, namely, temperature, seeing amphibians in the surrounding, excessive traffic noise, vehicle smoke, dust particles in the atmosphere, and level differences of the jogging tracks. This research further presents a set of recommendations for maintaining, restructuring, and developing jogging tracks in Sri Lanka in order to reduce the stress of joggers.


In the context of high dynamic range imaging, this study presents a breakthrough for the understanding of apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs, making them available for arbitrary aperture shapes. These new solutions find immediate application in current, ground-based coronagraphic studies (Gemini, VLT) and in existing instruments (Advanced Electro-Optical System Lyot Project). They also offer the possibility of a search for an on-axis design for the Terrestrial Planet Finder. The unobstructed aperture case has already been solved by C. Aime et al. and R. Soummer et al. Analytical solutions with identical properties exist in the general case and, in particular, for centrally obscured apertures. Chromatic effects can be mitigated with a numerical optimization. The combination of analytical and numerical solutions enables the study of the complete parameter space (central obstruction, apodization throughput, mask size, bandwidth, and Lyot stop size).


Photolysis of 4,4?-dimethoxy-α,α?-dimethylstilbene (Id) in the presence of air, in cyclohexane containing iodine (Method A), gave an abnormally low yield (11%) of 3,6-dimethoxy-9,10-dimethylphenanthrene (IId), together with 9% of p-methoxy-acetophenone formed by photooxidative fission. Irradiation of (Id) in the presence of air in absolute ethanol containing iodine and cupric chloride (or bromide) (Method B), afforded a significantly higher yield (54%) of (IId), while a similar reaction in which cupric chloride was omitted produced only 0.6% of (IId). The yields of phenanthrenes obtained by photolysis by Methods A and B of various α,α?-disubstituted, α-monosubstituted, and α-unsubstituted stilbenes are compared. The nature of the photooxidative cleavage of (Id) (using Method A), and the possible role of cupric and/or cuprous ions in facilitating the photoconversion of (Id) into (IId), are discussed. Demethylation of (IId), (IIe), and (IIf) afforded the phenanthrene diols (IIa), (IIb), and (IIc), respectively.


The Propulsion Systems Branch at NASA s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) has developed a parametric analytical tool to address the need to rapidly predict heat leak into propellant distribution lines based on insulation type, installation technique, line supports, penetrations, and instrumentation. The Propellant Feed System Analytical Tool (PFSAT) will also determine the optimum orifice diameter for an optional thermodynamic vent system (TVS) to counteract heat leak into the feed line and ensure temperature constraints at the end of the feed line are met. PFSAT was developed primarily using Fortran 90 code because of its number crunching power and the capability to directly access real fluid property subroutines in the Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (REFPROP) Database developed by NIST. A Microsoft Excel front end user interface was implemented to provide convenient portability of PFSAT among a wide variety of potential users and its ability to utilize a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The focus of PFSAT is on-orbit reaction control systems and orbital maneuvering systems, but it may be used to predict heat leak into ground-based transfer lines as well. PFSAT is expected to be used for rapid initial design of cryogenic propellant distribution lines and thermodynamic vent systems. Once validated, PFSAT will support concept trades for a variety of cryogenic fluid transfer systems on spacecraft, including planetary landers, transfer vehicles, and propellant depots, as well as surface-based transfer systems. The details of the development of PFSAT, its user interface, and the program structure will be presented.


By Day 2, if you have done nothing with the information you learned in that lecture, didn't think about it again, read it again, etc. you will have lost 50%-80% of what you learned. Our brains are constantly recording information on a temporary basis: scraps of conversation heard on the sidewalk, what the person in front of you is wearing. Because the information isn't necessary, and it doesn't come up again, our brains dump it all off, along with what was learned in the lecture that you actually do want to hold on to!


A novel 2-D genetic algorithm used to solve the placement of twin-butterfly multistage networks based on a transmissive physical model is presented. The result shows that the algorithm case works better than the SFP case.


The results of the 1996 Milwaukee mayoral election and the 1996 Milwaukee County circuit judge election provide an opportunity to examine the impact of deracialization on cross-racial voting while considering the symbolic importance of the office. The author finds that a deracialized mayoral election produced lower levels of cross-racial voting than a racialized circuit judge election on the same ballot. This finding suggests that in the future, researchers should consider the office at stake as a relevant factor in studies of deracialization and cross-racial voting.


Effects of Concentrated Ambient Particles on Heart Rate Variability in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Chuen‐Chau Chang, et al. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taiwan—In the present study, the cardiovascular toxicity of PM2.5 was determined in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats using the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences of adjacent normal‐to‐normal intervals (RMSSD) as outcome measurements. Four SH rats implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters were repeatedly exposed to concentrated PM2.5 in nose‐only exposure chambers. Gravimetric analysis revealed the mean post‐concentrating mass concentration of particles during the 5 h of exposure was 202 µg/m3. Using each animal as its own control and linear mixed‐effects model, to adjust for circadian nature and individual differences, we found that SDNN decreased by 15% initially then gradually decreased to 60% of the initial value at the end of exposure. Our results indicate that concentrated PM2.5 may decrease SDNN on SH rats during PM exposure. The study also showed that SDNN is more sensitive to PM induced effects than RMSSD.


This Ph.D. research project focused on the study of channels composed of connexin 26 (Cx26) protein subunits. In particular, we analyzed conductance, permeability and/or structural differences of deafness-related mutations of Cx26 intercellular gap junction channels or unpaired hemichannels, using different molecular dynamics approaches and statistical mechanics.
The first part of this thesis introduces the structure of gap junction channels and the connexin proteins that form them. Next, it dwells on the function of gap junction channels and connexin hemichannels, particularly on their conductance and permeability, two fundamental properties explored in the rest of the work. This introductory section contains also a brief overview of electrophysiology experiments performed on connexin channels. It ends with a section on gating properties that modify conductance state and a discussion of disease-related connexin mutations. The second part presents the key results obtained during this Ph.D. work, beginning with the full atom model on which the work was based, and a discussion of the improvements achieved during this project. The rest of the results are subdivided into three topics: (a) structural analysis, (b) conductance and (c) permeability.

a) This section summarizes the results obtained for the mutant Cx26 C169Y, the analysis of which shows a large displacement of the extracellular loops and, consequently, of residues critically involved in hemichannel docking.
b) This section introduces two methods to compute the ionic conductance of a connexin hemichannel and applies them to three different models: the mutant Cx26 M34T, the WT Cx26 hemichannel in a Coarse-Grained representation and the full-atom WT hemichannel model bound to an antibody.
c) This section starts with the explanation of the method used to compute the potential of mean force (PMF) for the passage of a molecule through the channel pore and a possible interpretation of this potential. The PMF was then used to quantify permeation of different molecules (IP3, ATP) through Cx26 WT and V84L mutant hemichannels. The chapter ends with a structural analysis which accounts for the differences in the permeability of the two models.

This thesis also contains an overall discussion of the results highlighted above and a methodological appendix.


The closed loop soft water cooling system for the RH refining furnace is consist of surface evaporative air cooler,degassing tank,the device of stabilizing pressure and making up water and automatic medicine feeder,etc.Aiming at the characteristics of saving water,using the water safely and the limited field,the surface evaporative air cooler,perfect safety measures and integrated cooling and cooling water system are adopted in design;the degassing tank is set up in the discharging tube of the cooler for solving gas disposition of the system.Application shows that the system runs safe and stable and the water temperature can be controlled less than 40℃.


The chapter explores the effect of resin concentration and pre-drying time on the physical and mechanical properties of compreg-laminated bamboo strips lumber (LBSL) from G. scortechinii species. The compreg LBSL panels were manufactured using two concentrations of low-molecular-weight phenol formaldehyde (LMwPF) resin, that is, 100 and 70% at three different pre-drying times (12, 18, and 24 h). Based on the findings, the panel with 70% of LMwPF required a longer time and higher temperature to cure than the panel with 100% LMwPF. The weight percent gain (WPG) and moisture content of the panels increased in line with increasing resin concentration but decreased with increasing pre-drying time. The opposite trend is indicated by density. As for the mechanical properties, the strength of the panel increases along with the increase in resin concentration and pre-drying time. However, for high-concentration resins, prolonging the pre-drying time reduces the strength of the sample. The highest flexural strength and tensile strength were observed in the 100/18 sample with values of 260 and 27 MPa, respectively. The results for formaldehyde emissions show panels with lower resin concentrations: 70% LMwPF and prolonged pre-drying time reduce formaldehyde emission levels.


Background: In the Malaysian healthcare system, the juxtaposition of mainstream medicine, which is traditional and complementary medicine (TCM), has now become an essential component. Despite the highly prevalent practice of TCM among Malaysians, the limited evidence of TCM modalities for explicit health conditions has given rise to doubt and controversy within the medical line. This study intends to gather extant scientific evidence of TCM practice in Malaysia which would eventually benefit the complementary and conventional medical profession. Methods: In the pursuit for literature pertaining to the scientific research of TCM in Malaysia, databases that include Science Direct, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO) host were used to gather the relevant articles comprising all forms of nonexperimental, experimental, and case report data that are limited to the Malaysian population setting. Results: Eight full-text research articles have achieved the inclusion criteria that comprise the trials involving five types of modalities which are medical herbalism, chiropractic, acupressure, aromatherapy, and acupuncture. The most unexplored aspects of designing intervention studies of TCM are the thoughtful and systematic development of treatment protocols. These results point to some potentials for TCM in Malaysian healthcare management in which there is an urgent need for more rigorous research into the value of such treatments. Conclusion: The popularity of TCM has created a need for empirical studies to evaluate the scientific evidence of practice as a method of treatment regime. This study gives a broader summary of the existing literature on the efficiency of TCM for various health conditions which may have an implication for patient care.


OBJECTIVE To understand the possibility of effect of the Rosiglitazone on mouse glucose transporter Ⅱ(mGLUT 2) mRNA expression.METHODS PPARγ,RXRα and mGLUT 2 cDNA clone into pCMX and pGL3 b expression vector.The recombinant DNA transfected into NIH 3 T 3 cells,treated the rosigiltazone and confirm the mGLUT 2 activity and mRNA expression by the Rosiglitazone through PPARγ activation with luciferase assay and Northern blot.RESULTS The Rosigiltazone activates the mGLUT 2 activity and increase the mGLUT 2 mRNA expression through PPARγ activation.CONCLUSION The Rosigiltazone perhaps binds to PPARγ and regulations mGLUT 2 mRNA expression.


Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Complex Baosteel is China's largest and the world's third-largest steel company. In 2005, our research team was tasked with developing advanced operations research-based planning tools to improve the operational efficiency of Baosteel's Shanghai plant. In the following six years, we developed novel optimization algorithms and tailored metaheuristics, and implemented four decision support systems DSSs to replace the manual planning methods at the Shanghai plant. The DSSs have brought scientific operations management to Baosteel and transformed the plant's production and final-product delivery operations. Baosteel estimates that from 2007 to 2012, they provided a cumulative economic benefit of 77 million. Based on their current usage at this plant, they also estimate that these DSSs will continue to provide an annual economic benefit of 20 million, which represents a 17 percent improvement of Baosteel's information technology and operations management capability. They have also reduced Baosteel's carbon dioxide emissions by 585,770 tons annually.


itizens are not just required to participate or to exercise choice, they must also do so in an informed way. How can they be responsible citizens if they do not know the issues, if they do not know the differences between the candidates? Is it irresponsible to vote based on personality without any consideration for what candidates will do? This point of view sees making an informed choice about issues, policy positions and their consequences, as a necessary part of citizenship. Citizens have an obligation to become informed before they vote or participate. Only then will democracy produce a meaningful expression of the " will of the people. " Americans currently score pretty low on levels of political knowledge, as demonstrated by many studies. In a 2007 study by the Pew Research Center, for example, only 49% could correctly identify Nancy Pelosi as the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and only 37% knew that the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is a conservative. 45% were unable to correctly identify the approximate number of American military personnel killed so far in Iraq. The media are often blamed for the lack of political knowledge among American citizens. American television news programs – especially local TV news, which is watched by more people than watch the network newscasts – tend to focus on stories that are dramatic or sensational in order to appeal to a wider audience. Political stories are considered boring and garner little media attention. During major political campaigns, when it is harder to ignore politics completely, the media tend to focus on superficial topics such as the horse race (who's ahead, who's behind) and candidates' personal lives (will a candidate's husband or wife hurt or help their chances?). There is very little in-depth coverage of issues or candidates' positions on them. Other countries place stricter public interest demands on television networks that use the public airwaves, and consequently have higher levels of political coverage. Some argue that one way to increase levels of political information among citizens is to increase the public interest obligations of broadcasters. For example, many countries require their broadcasters to devote a minimum percentage of their airtime to public affairs programming, or to provide coverage of minority as well as majority viewpoints on political issues. Because American campaigns are conducted almost entirely through the media, candidates are also very dependent on TV commercials …


A new, simplified open-vessel microwave extraction (OVME) method has been used to prepare aqueous extracts of Sennae folium and Tiliae flos. For comparison, extracts were also prepared by classic pharmacopeial methods–decoctum, infusion, and ultrasound extraction. The extracts prepared by the different extraction methods were compared by over-pressured layer chromatography (OPLC), followed by video and UV-densitometric evaluation. We demonstrated the applicability of rapid OPLC separation combined with UV densitometry for comparison of extracts prepared by different methods. OPLC–UV is suitable for rapid, non-destructive investigation of multicomponent preparations of biological origin.


Objective To compare the total saponin and genin between wild and cultivated Panax japonicus root and stem. Methods Thin layer chromatography(TLC) was used.Results The principal constituents and contents in wild and cultivated Panax japonicus were the same and both contained protopanaxadiol、protopanaxatriol and oleanolic acid in genin. Conclusion Cultivated Panax japonicus has the same pharmaceutical value as wild Panax japonicus.


Stratigraphic and chemical data from the ice core of an 'anthropogenic palsa' at Toolik Lake, Alaska, indicate that the mound formed as a consequence of hydrostatic pressure developed in an isolated hydrologic system within the active layer. Survey data for five palsas over a three-year period suggest that growth was essentially complete at the time of the initial survey; a net decrease of summit elevation is apparent in all five mounds, but complete degradation of the palsas would require several decades at observed rates.

Because accurate field measurements of thermal and hydrologic evolution in such features are extremely difficult, simulation of the environmental conditions and events involved in palsa growth is an important supplement to field observation. Both analytic and finite-element models yield results that are in substantial agreement with inferences drawn from observational data.


The American Juvenile Collection, beginning in 1976 and continually growing, is an important Children's Literature Research Collection. It contains juvenile fiction, poetry, fairy tales and folktales published in the USA between 1910 and 1960, a unique period in publishing due largely to sociological factors. This 6,000‐volume special collection, largely first editions, is distinctive and invaluable to both researchers and juvenile literature enthusiasts. This paper describes the inception, development, and current function of this collection, housed at the C.W. Post Campus Library, Long Island University.


Tracking the changing dynamics of object-oriented frameworks[5], design patterns[7], architectural styles[8], and subsystems during the development and reuse cycle can aid producing complex systems...


This technical report presents the methodology followed to transform regional data between different NUTS classifications in RHOMOLO, the regional computable general equilibrium model developed by the European Commission to evaluate the impact of Cohesion Policy. This method has been designed for the conversion between NUTS 2006 and NUTS 2010 in both directions, but the same philosophy could be extended to transform data between any pair of NUTS classifications. It has been applied to the construction of two regional databases for RHOMOLO-v2 in 2010, one covering the EU-27 regions according to NUTS 2006, the other for the EU-28 regions according to NUTS 2010.


Observations of solar IR intensity variations at 50, 100, and 200 microns were made simultaneously and cospatially with Doppler measurements in the sodium D1 line at 5896 A. Brightness temperature variations of several K in amplitude are highly correlated with five minute Doppler oscillations. The brightness variations are attributed to work done on the chromospheric medium by compression, driven by the five minute oscillations. The Doppler oscillations lead the brightness variations by about 47 deg in phase at 50 and 100 microns and by about 72 deg in phase at 200 microns. 17 refs.


A method of defining header field compression for a data packet connection and a header field compression system, in which a context for controlling the operation of a compressor and decompressor is defined as one parameter of the connection. A length is defined for a context identifier used in identifying data packet connections for data transmission between the compressor and decompressor, said length defining the maximum number of data packet connections transmitted on one connection. Each data packet connection is identified by its own context identifier. The parameters of the connection are defined in such a manner that at least the number of header fields of data packet connections allowed by the defined context identifier length can be compressed despite the fact that the number of data packet connections allowed by said context identifier length is exceeded.


Excerpt To the editor: Although the case of pachymeningitis discussed by Markenson and co-authors in the May issue (1) was presented lucidly with erudite immunologic discussion, one possible case i...


The Center for Energy Studies at Louisiana State University two years ago conducted a study that compared the tax per barrel that exploration and production (E and P) companies paid to state and local governments in the principal oil and gas producing states, a summary of which was published. Despite considerable variation among states both in severance tax rates and in their relative reliance on individual indirect taxes, the analysis showed that states such as Texas and Louisiana that compete for E and P activity had remarkably similar overall tax bills when property, sales, and corporate taxes were also included in the comparison. The purpose of this article is: (1) to update the comparisons presented previously with additional and revised data; (2) extend the comparisons by showing taxes on a percent of value as well as per barrel basis; and (3) extend the analysis by estimating the tax bills separately for oil and for gas.


Prinsepia sinensis belongs to the rosaceae plant.By studying its cutting structure,it is discovered that Prinsepia sinensis is diffuse-porus wood,and that its intrafaseiular ray is heterogeneous-II,central wood has tylosis.


J Thorac Dis 2020;12(6):3004-3006 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2020.03.86 Jacobsen and coworkers present the results of a retrospective study analyzing the possible benefits of using digital chest drainages compared to water seal drainages after robotic lung resection [robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS)] (1). Although this is an innovative study and a well written paper, I would like to suggest points for consideration to readers of the article. Authors conclusions remark, once more, the uncertainty of using the water seal drainages due to the subjectivity of its reading. This point has been largely highlighted (2,3) and it is considered the main reason to use digital systems (2-4). However, in this series, despite being three people making decisions about the chest tube, differences between groups were not so large although significant: water-seal drainage patients had 30% more time the chest tube in compared with the other group. This data, statistically significant, ended up being also clinically relevant because this group showed one day longer length of stay (LOS). Nevertheless, digging in the detail, in the multiple regression analysis, type of digital chest drainage did not influence chest tube duration but surprisingly, it was key for the LOS along with the BMI of the patient. This is a confusing result. Probably, it is closely related to the retrospective nature of the study and the population included in each group. Information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary function tests of the patients, not provided here, would have helped better understanding what was really happening in the series. Reviewing the literature, there is a lack of consensus when comparing outcomes (duration of chest drainage and LOS) depending on the type of chest drainage used (5-8). The last systematic review published about the issue (9) found that duration of chest tube was significantly shorter using digital drainages in 8 out 18 studies with complete data (time ranging from 1.7–5.5 days in the digital system versus 1.9 to 6.1 in the traditional group) and LOS was shorter only in 6 out of 14 included studies. Therefore, the current data is not clearly in favor of using a more expensive device as the digital drainage. However, there is an issue in which all authors agree: there is no need to perform provocative clamping when using digital systems (6,10). The continuous reading of changes in the pleural pressure and air flows easies taking sound decisions at bedside which is an objective benefit (2). We have enjoyed the precision used by the authors defining the clinical course of the patients and the criteria for chest tube removal in either group. But, apparently, conditions are not the same because in the digital group patients are asked to and evaluated after exercise something implicit in the other group but not clearly stated. For us this is a very important issue as we have demonstrated that intensive perioperative chest physiotherapy is key for decreasing postoperative complications, reducing LOS and producing a reduction in overall costs after lung resection (11-14). Costs, another relevant issue when implementing new technology (15). Though, what really impressed us was the detailed and intensive follow-up protocol performed by the nurses evaluating and charting the air-leak evolution during the postoperative period. This fact can create Editorial


Temperature and electron density dependent measurements of the electron spin relaxation in bulk GaAs are performed using time- and polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The electron spin relaxation time is dominated in the high temperature regime by the D'yakonov-Perel' [M. I. D'yakonov and V. I. Perel', Sov. Phys. Solid State 13, 3023 (1972)] spin relaxation mechanism and decreases for negligible electron densities from 42 ps at 300 K to 20 ps at 400 K. The measured spin relaxation times are compared with numerical calculations which include electron-phonon momentum scattering and have no adjustable parameters.