A future variation of precipitation characteristics, due to climate change, will affect the ability of rainfall to precipitate soil loss. In this paper, the monthly and annual values of rainfall erosivity (R) in Greece are calculated, for the historical period 1971–2000, using precipitation records that suffer from a significant volume of missing values. In order to overcome the data limitations, an intermediate step is applied using the calculation of monthly erosivity density, which is more robust to the presence of missing values. Spatial Quantile Regression Forests, a data driven algorithm that imitates kriging without the need of strict statistical assumptions, was utilized and validated, in order to create maps of R and its uncertainty using error propagation. The monthly average precipitation for the historical period 1971–2000 estimated by five (5) Global Circulation Models-Regional Climatic Models were validated against observed values and the one with the best performance was used to estimate projected changes of R in Greece for the future time period 2011–2100 and two different greenhouse gases concentration scenarios. The main findings of this study are: (a) the mean annual R in Greece is 1039 MJ·mm/ha/h/y, with a range between 405.1 and 3160.2 MJ·mm/ha/h/y. The highest values are calculated at the mountain range of Pindos and the lowest at central Greece; (b) the monthly R maps adhere to the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation depth and intensities over the country; (c) the projected R values, as an average over Greece, follow the projected changes of precipitation of climatic models, but not in a spatially homogenous way.


This paper, the first of a series of two, analyzes the different types of characters found in productive organizations. In order to do so, it uses metaphors and the African gods not as myths, but as symbols, searching for genuine Brazilian values in order to apprehend the national organizational corpus.


The method of ordinary least square (OLS) in the linear regression model is widely used in different fields for quite some time, and it is grossly affected by multicollinearity. OLS estimator often exhibits unstable and unreliable results when there is multicollinearity. The ridge regression estimator had been widely accepted as a substitute to OLS estimator when there is multicollinearity. Recently, Kibria and Lukman (2020) developed the KL estimator and found it preferable to the ridge estimator. In this study, we modified the KL estimator to propose a new estimator. The new estimator is called the Modified KL estimator. Simulation study and real-life application were carried out to compare the performance of this new estimator and some other existing estimators. Theoretical comparison using data set showed MSE difference of 92.0896, 81.9774 and 338.9007 between the Modified KL estimator and the Ridge, Liu and KL estimators respectively. The simulation study and the real-life application results show that the proposed estimator consistently dominate other estimators considered in the study using the MSE as criterion.


A 4-beam combination laser using stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation mirrors is constructed. The input energy is 32.2 mJ ± 0.3 mJ, and the output energy is 169 mJ ±6 mJ. The average phase fluctuations between the sub-beams are less than λ/26.1.


The article deals with and traces the current emergence of a 'Continental European' model of central bank independence in several European countries as well as in the Maastricht Treaty (modelled along the lines of the Bundesbank's constitution) and juxtaposes this with outright rejection of central bank independence in the UK. It is then asked why this is the case, the answer being provided by particular British constitutional traditions, most notably the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. This is followed by the presentation of a model of central bank independence compatible with the requirements of British constitutional thought while still capable of providing the advantages of removing day‐to‐day monetary policy from the hands of the administration. Experiences from New Zealand with a similar model and an outlook on the consequences of recent turbulences in the EMS conclude the article.


Starting to feel a bit more comfortable to mess with #letsencrypt certificates & dhparam generation & renew the whole stuff when/if needed.


Asymmetric Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (ACMLI) was widely studied. Various control strategies have been investigated however, most of the reported control strategies not discussed how to determinate voltage levels, firing angle, switchingstate and other parameters control design. It focuses on asymmetrical topologies where the cell input voltages are of different values. These hybrid topologies might be interesting for several applications. One of the main benefits is the high resolution that can be obtained with a small number of cells. Another benefit is the higher energetic efficiency of the inverter alone. Nevertheless, the need of DC-DC converters to supply the cells of reversible multilevel converters increases the cost and losses of such inverters. It limits their application field. This paper is implemented using a PIC Microcontroller so that better resolution is achieved in the control of multilevel inverter output voltage magnitude and it is verified experimentally. IndexTerms: Multilevel inverter, THD, MATLAB/SIMULINK (keywords)


The material based on Ni3Al intermetallic has been obtained from the industrial powder of a VKNA type by the method of spark plasma sintering. Materials sintering was conducted at the temperature of 1100 °C, compacting pressure of 20 MPa, and during soaking time equal to 5 minutes. The heating rate of samples amounted to 50 and 200 °C/min. It has been established that the material obtained by sintering at the rate of 50 °C/min possesses a maximum value of density (5.93 g/cm3) and a maximum level of bending strength (~ 400 MPa).


Objective To discuss the effect and applying of lung dilated suction in mechanical ventilation therapy.Method 68 severe patients with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into 2 groups.The observation group was treated with lung dilated suction,while the control group was treated with routine suctioning.Then to observe two groups' blood gas analysis before and after suctioning,meanwhile recorded the duration of mechanical ventilation and the incidence of atelectasis and pulmonary infection.Result Arterial pressure of oxygen(PaO_2) and arterial blood oxygen saturation(SaO_2)in the control group had statistical significaqnce(P0.05) before and after sputum suctioning,while no statistical significance in the observation group(P(0.05));The two groups' duration of mechanical ventilation(t=2.840,P(0.05)),the incidence of atelectasis(x~2=4.570,P(0.05)),the incidence of pulmonary infection(x~2=5.916,P(0.05)) had statistical significance.Conclusion Lung dilated suction can remedy the hypoxemia of patients with mechanical ventilation and decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation. Also it can reduce the incidence of atelectasis and pulmonary infection.


The existence of a theory-practice gap in physiotherapy has not attracted wide attention or been the focus of sustained analysis within the profession. This is in stark contrast to nursing, where consideration of the relationship between theory and practice has received extensive coverage. The argument presented here suggests that it is an appropriate time for an examination of the role of theory and its relationship to practice in the discipline of physiotherapy and to draw on the experience in nursing as a basis for this enterprise. The overall contention is that, if debate and research around these issues is encouraged, subsequent examinations of the physiotherapy knowledge base may become better informed.


Sound field synthesis has been pursued as a promising approach for spatial audio reproduction for large listening areas. Research is typically performed on small and mid-size systems. An increasing number of systems of cinema size and larger exist, which have shown to exhibit properties that cannot be observed with smaller setups. In particular, practical limitations lead to artifacts whose perceptual saliency increases with array size. Depending on the situation, these artifacts are most prominent in time domain or in frequency domain. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge on the properties of sound field synthesis using large-size loudspeaker arrays regarding both direct sound and reverberation.


Based on qualitative research conducted on teams of Romanian students in Engineering and Management that participated in transnational teams within the framework of an international simulation program on global technologies for sustainable development, specific features in relation with the development of entrepreneurship capacity (values, skills competencies) were identified and examined. It was found that specific cultural biases influenced the way the Romanian students approached various issues related to real and complex global technology decisions. They were also identified the benefits and limitations of a virtual learning environment designed to enhance entrepreneurial "green" education.


This paper aim at a preliminary study on Gam San(?山 德淸. 1546~1623). His life and his books are known to the general public by his autobiography 『Gamsanjajeon(?山自傳)』. So, this paper will judge the thoughts that are his three religions-unity theory(三敎合一論)'s background and how many dose it have an effect on Korea Buddhism. The three religions-unity theory have been on the history of Buddhism in China. Especially, it was criticized in the Period of North and South Dynasties. Then Su(隋) brought the China under a single authority, and the three religions(Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) became the fusion-harmony theory(融合調和論) with a government. There are peoples in the Ming-dynasty(明). But, Gam San asserted the three religions-unity theory that is a standpoint of the Hoetong(會通) of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. And this the three religions-unity theory had an many effect on Korea Buddhism.


As an ideographic and phonogramic writing system, Chinese characters vividly reflect human cognition about the real world and their life. This is evident in such canonical examples as Chinese characters that contain the symbol "竹" (bamboo). The article primarily uses common research methods, including statistical, descriptive, analytic methods, to examine the relationships between pictograms and semantics of Chinese characters containing "竹" (bamboo), clarify their semantic development as well as cultural implications. The paper hopes to contribute a reference for studying Chinese characters and teaching Chinese in Vietnam.


A method is described for measuring the strategies listeners employ in the determination of simple resonant sources. To demonstrate this method the principles of theoretical acoustics were applied to reconstruct the sound‐pressure waveform at the ear as would be generated by a common tuning fork. The result is an inharmonic sum of damped sinusoids whose acoustic parameters covary in lawful relation to the physical dynamics of the source. Listeners were asked to discriminate these tuning fork sounds from a set of nontuning fork sounds for which the lawful covariation among parameters was randomly perturbed from trial to trial. The lawful covariation had to be detected to perform significantly above chance. Finally, individual correlations were computed between the listener's response and the values of the acoustic parameters across trials to determine precisely which aspects of lawful covariation listeners use to identify the source. Discrimination performances was found to be quite good for a tuning fork ...


Distribution and abundance of myctophid fish species in the upper epipelagic layer are analyzed based on results of surveys in the Gulf of Alaska in winters of 2019 and 2020. A common myctophid community driven by blue lanternfish Tarletonbeania crenularis was revealed that occupied likely the entire eastern part of the Subarctic Front zone eastward from 150ºW. Abundance and biomass of four mass myctophid species were generally comparable between the northeastern and northwestern Pacific. Small-sized juveniles prevailed among northern lampfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus, which were likely transported by the Subarctic Current and could be recruited to the Bering Sea stock. Patterns of daily vertical migrations are discussed for the mass myctophid species. New observations confirm general understandings on the myctophid species input to functioning of fish community.


An embodiment of the invention relates to the pressure parameter test technology field and especially relates to pressure parameter extraction equipment capable of working in an ultra high temperature environment. A resonance structure is a closed circular resonant cavity. A periphery is surrounded by a heat-resisting material outer wall 201. A bottom of the outer wall 201 is integrated with a medium cylinder 202. A top of the outer wall 201 is integrated with a layer of pressure sensitive medium diaphragm 203. A broadband miniature antenna 204 used for pressure parameter extraction and transmission is tightly pasted on the medium diaphragm 203. The broadband miniature antenna 204 is integrated with a tune short wire 205 and a coupling slit 206. A pressure parameter test equipment possesses a simple structure form, a small structure size and high pressure sensitivity. Sensitive structures are formed by passive units, which is convenient for using a specially-produced heat-resisting material. The equipment can work in the high temperature environment for a long time.


We demonstrate the generation of chiral super-modes in a network of symmetrically-coupled lasers by applying an on-site complex potential, a combination of loss and frequency detuning, and adjusting it to an exceptional point.


Two molecules of the title compound, C(21)H(27)NO(3)S, are disposed about a center of inversion, generating an O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen-bonded dimer.


Okara is a byproduct of the tofu factory that is perishable in nature and requires an immediate handling and treatment to preserve it. Drying has been a preferred method since it can increase the product compactness. However, the majority of okara drying studies done in the past are disregarding the influences of process condition on color change characteristic. Hence, this work aimed to investigate the characteristic of okara color changes during convective drying at temperatures of 85, 100, and 115°C. The okara color was expressed in terms of L a b values and its derivative attributes, i.e. whiteness, hue angle, chroma and the total color difference. The results showed that an increase in drying time and temperatures decreased the lightness, yellowness and the total color difference, but conversely increased the redness of okara. Fitting of two exponential models to the experimental data revealed that the Page's equation was better in predicting the okara color degradation than Newton's model.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation of the airways, bronchiectasis, and progressive lung function decline (1). Although the widespread implementation of newborn screening programs for CF enables diagnosis during the first weeks of life, detecting the onset of lung disease in infants and young children remains challenging (2). Overt respiratory symptoms among children with CF are minimal, and monitoring techniques used in older patients, such as spirometry and sputum cultures, are not directly translatable to younger patients. During the last several years, the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) study has transformed our understanding of early CF lung disease. The AREST CF study enrolls infants diagnosed with CF by newborn screening and is following them longitudinally, with annual infant lung function testing (until age 2–3 years),


Imagine you are a state legislator. Before you comes the following proposal to amend the state's penal code:

When a defendant is charged with murder and pleads self-defense, any belief he formed (at the moment he chose to use deadly force) that the use of deadly force was necessary to protect himself against deadly force is unreasonable if he would not have formed that belief but for an implicit racial attitude.

How should you vote?

I believe you should vote to table the proposal. The article explains why I believe you should vote that way.


Abstract Three experiments examined the effects of mood on self-focused versus external-focused attention. The results demonstrated that sad mood (compared to neutral and happy mood) tends to induce self-focused attention, whereas happy mood (compared to sad mood) tends to elicit external-focused attention. The effects of mood on attention were independent of the self-focusing nature of the mood-inducing event. A model is proposed to account for the relation between mood and self-focused attention. According to the model, sad mood produces momentary negative self-evaluation, which in turn creates uncertainty about one's self-worth. This instigates self-perception processes that result in heightened self-focused attention. In contrast, happy mood leads to certainty about one's self-worth, which allows an extroverted orientation.


The article presents one of the traditional methods in the social sciences for the research and explanation of long-term historical processes such as revolutions, riots, uprisings, protest cycles and waves – the analysis of the collective events. The steps in collecting and coding a quantitative database, the types of sources, procedures, techniques and potential biases are discussed. The application of the method in historical science is illustrated by Sidney Tarow's study of the protest cycle in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s. The end of the article contains some of the most popular publicly available databases for collective mobilizations in different historical periods and describes possible directions for historical research.


The State of Addis Ababa 2017 report is aimed at providing a comprehensive assessment of existing socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the city, shedding light on the impacts of on-going fast paced urbanization. The report addresses policy makers and city planners and makes bold recommendations on how resources can be strategically developed and managed to sustainably meet the needs of the urban population of today and the future, improve the short- and long-term wellbeing of citizens and transform Addis Ababa into the city that the citizenry wants.


In this work we analyze the approximations of second order eigenvalue problems (EVPs). The nonconforming piecewise linear finite element with integral degrees of freedom is used. We prove that the eigenvalues computed by means of this element on convex domain are smaller than the exact ones if the mesh size is small enough. Some numerical results are also given.


Abstract Statutory obligation of a sworn translator to exercise special diligence obliges him to perform a diligent and faithful translation, including the names of institutions. In the process of translating names of Polish colleges, a translator may use German equivalents, which have been made available in a publicly available German database ANABIN, which contains information that make it easier for offices and schools to decide in terms of recognizing educational qualifications. However, translation and thus, choice of wording is the responsibility of the translator exclusively. He must therefore approach the suggested equivalents critically; thereby, he may not automatically accept propositions without having verified them prior. The article undertakes to establish which of the proposed equivalents of names of Polish colleges violate the rule of diligent preparation of translations and faithfulness of a sworn translation as well as the consequences of incorrect translations of university names.


It uses ABAQUS to energy-saving design hydraulic press though the optimization and analyse of the hydraulic machine worktable thickness. It gives many finite element analysis of the results which is given though different model in many constraint and load and find the best constraint and load with the results. Finally we optimize the thickness of the hydraulic machine worktable though finite element analysis of different thickness and reduce the bulk and the weight of the hydraulic machine worktable. We reduce the energy waste and increase the utilance of steel and pledge the need. The analysis method provides methods and ideas for the energy-saving design of the hydraulic machine worktable.


Four RCTs involving 894 participants from different occupations were included. The primary outcome was numbers of new cases. One large RCT of 708 print and dye workers compared 2 barrier creams (containing silicone or hydrocarbon) versus no intervention. Fewer workers using barrier creams developed OIHD than those who did not (39.9% vs. 45% (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.53–1.07. P = 0.11), but this was not statistically significant. In 1 RCT of 54 metal workers less developed OIHD when using an after work emollient or a barrier cream compared to no intervention. There was no statistical difference between the groups at different times of follow-up. One RCT of 111 cleaners and kitchen workers compared a moisturiser (Locobase ) versus no intervention using a cross-over design. While using the moisturiser no participant developed OIHD. During the control period with no skin treatment, 19 (20.4%) out of 93 participants developed OIHD. One RCT of 21 hairdressers compared a barrier cream containing aluminium chlorohydrate (Excipial PD


The legal practice of Islamic (Sharia) economics in the real sector of Indonesia's national economic development by way of various institutions or Islamic (sharia-based) economic centers has had a positive impact on the growth and development of the national economy. The practice is based on Islamic principles, which have been shaped into a wide variety of regulations or legislation in effect. In the legal concept of Sharia economics, the state as represented by the government that implements Sharia-based economic practices must apply the principles of Islamic economics to achieve the goal of Islamic economic law. The purpose of this Sharia economic law emphasizes the benefits for society based on the balance and fairness thus attained to present a showcase of the politics involved in Islamic economic law. The actual reality of legislation in Sharia-based economic activities issued by the government still falls decidedly short of expectations when compared to conventional economic activities and legal certainty in other countries, due to the role that Islamic economic law plays in determining the government's political direction and ways of formalizing Islamic economic law in Indonesia.


If quantum friction existed (Pendry 2010 New J. Phys. 12 033028) an unlimited amount of useful energy could be extracted from the quantum vacuum and Lifshitz theory would fail. Both are unlikely to be true.


This paper describes the concepts underlying a new staffing tool, which evaluates staffing requirements, plan future shift sizes, perform sensitivity analysis, and locate and measure improvement opportunities in terms of worker operations. The model is based on M/M/S/K queuing theory to analyze the operator-machine-lot (OML) interference especially in semiconductor manufacturing processes. Unlike classical approaches, in which the machines are treated as customers, here wafer lots are taken as the designated customers to be serviced. A comparison of a simulation, OML, and a traditional M/M/S/K model (where the machines are modeled as customers) shows that OML model yields much closer results to the simulation than the traditional M/M/S/K model. Furthermore, from the computational point of view OML is more efficient than the simulation model which can be very time consuming especially in the complex semiconductor manufacturing environment. Thus, OML model is a superior alternative to the classical interference modeling and facilitates staffing recommendations that improve overall equipment effectiveness (GEE) and therefore productivity.


A communication terminal apparatus connected to an integrated services digital network to transmit data from an outgoing call office to an incoming call office and a method of controlling the communication terminal apparatus, in which notification of a person to be called for an incoming signal and acceptance or rejection of the incoming signal are controlled on the basis of predetermined identification data contained in the incoming signal. When detecting the identification data contained in the incoming signal, the present apparatus compares the detected identification data with registration identification data previously registered so that, if the apparatus finds a coincidence therebetween, it informs the user of corresponding to the coincided identification data visually by character data or audibly by a sound. If the apparatus fails to find a coincidence therebetween then it rejects the acception of the incoming signal containing this identification data, while if it finds a coincidence then it grants the acception of the incoming signal containing the coincided identification data.


Orange is a super works of Akutagawa Ryunosuke,in which metaphor is used in many places.The study,from cognitive linguistics,gives academic perspective on metaphor analysis mainly from four perspectives.The novel highlights the "Yokosuka port"and the "train"in modern Japanese society through matter metaphor;highlights the vulnerable groups on the bottom of the ecological society through character metaphor;reveals the subject remaining stagnant predicament through animal metaphor.It interprets the metaphor of space and time by the identity level of"up"and "down".This is by borrowing the metaphor approach of novel that the Orange possesses the carrier and soul of vividness,which allows the works a better inheritance.


We study the possibility to detect and distinguish signatures of enrichment from PopIII stars in observations of PopII GRBs (GRBIIs) at high redshift by using numerical N-body/hydrodynamical simulations including atomic and molecular cooling, star formation and metal spreading from stellar populations with different initial mass functions (IMFs), yields and lifetimes. PopIII and PopII star formation regimes are followed simultaneously and both a top-heavy and a Salpeter-like IMF for pristine PopIII star formation are adopted. We find that the fraction of GRBIIs hosted in a medium previously enriched by PopIII stars (PopIII-dominated) is model independent. Typical abundance ratios, such as [Si/O] vs [C/O] and [Fe/C] vs [Si/C], can help to disentangle enrichment from massive and intermediate PopIII stars, while low-mass first stars are degenerate with regular PopII generations. The properties of galaxies hosting PopIII-dominated GRBIIs are not very sensitive to the particular assumption on the mass of the first stars.


The invention provides a light projecting lamp with a built-in grid. The light projecting lamp with the built-in grid comprises a lamp shell, a light source and the grid, wherein the lamp shell is of a semi-surrounding structure, an opening is formed in the top of the lamp shell, the light source is located in the lamp shell, and the grid is arranged in the lamp shell and located above the light source. The light projecting lamp with the built-in grid is characterized in that the bottom of the outermost side of the grid is located on or below a connecting line between the light source and the inner surface of the opening of the lamp shell, any included angles formed between the connecting line between the top of the innermost side of the grid and the light source and the vertical center line of the light source are smaller than 30 degrees.


Summary Mammary gland growth was induced experimentally by daily injection of 200mg. of progesterone with 200 μ g. of estradiol benzoate or by the feeding of 20mg. of diethylstilbestrol daily for periods of 60, 120, and 180 days to 20 heifers and one steer. Lactation was then initiated by daily injections of 0.3mg. of estradiol benzoate per 100lb. body weight for 14 days. Treatment for 180 and 120 days apparently did not stimulate any greater mammary gland growth than 100mg. of progesterone and 100 μ g. of estradiol benzoate injected daily for 180 days, used in previous studies. The average maximum daily milk yields for the 16 animals on the lower level of hormones was 22.7lb. per day, compared with the maximum daily milk yield of 23.8 and 21.2lb. for the 14 animals treated for 180 and 120 days, respectively, with the higher level of estrogen and progesterone. The mean maximum daily milk yield for the six heifers injected for 60 days was 10.2lb. The average maximum daily milk yield for the three lowest producers was 3.9lb., compared with 21.4lb. per day for the three highest producers of this group. Twenty milligrams of diethylstilbestrol administered orally proved equally as effective as 200 μ g. of estradiol benzoate injected subcutaneously in synergizing with 200mg. of progesterone injected daily to stimulate mammary gland development. When the lactation curve of the experimental heifers began to decline after reaching their maximum milk yield, either estradiol benzoate at the level used to initiate lactation or the feeding of diethylstilbestrol at levels of 30 and 40 mg/day/100lb. body weight was administered for seven days. During the week of administration, milk yield declined slightly. This was followed by a variable increase in milk yield for several weeks, reaching peaks of lactation, in some cases, above the initial maximum production.


Map of New England showing drainage, cities and towns, counties, distances, and the railroad network with named lines.
Scale ca. 1:900,000.
LC Railroad maps, 473
Description derived from published bibliography.
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Copy two annotated on lower right corner of map.


: With the development of the social economy, exploring the temporal and spatial evolutions of the ecosystem service value (ESV) under land use change is greatly significant in optimizing the land use structure and regional sustainable development. Based on the land use data of Xinjiang, China from 1980 to 2020 and with the support of ArcGIS and GeoDa, this study uses the unit area equivalent factor method and spatial autocorrelation to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the ESV under land use change in Xinjiang. The results show that the main land use types in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2020 are grassland and unused land, which accounted for 91.00% of the total area of Xinjiang. The area of cultivated and construction lands increased by 58.89% and 166.79%, respectively. The water and forest land areas decreased the most by 29.95% and 26.62%, respectively. From 1980 to 2020, the ESV in Xinjiang generally showed a change trend of " first increasing, and then decreasing " , depicting a net decrease of 1114.51×10 8 yuan or 6.68%. From the spatial distribution perspective, the high-and second high-value areas of the ESV in Xinjiang were mainly distributed in Altai, Kunlun, and Tianshan Mountains (i.e., Three Mountains) and the Ili River Valley. The medium- and second low-value areas were distributed in the oasis area. The low-value area was mainly distributed in the basin and desert areas. From 1980 to 2015, the ESV in Xinjiang only slightly changed. In contrast, from 2015 to 2020, that in the middle Tianshan Mountains significantly changed. During this period, the high-value area in the northern and middle Tianshan Mountains decreased by 75.29% and was replaced by the medium- and second low-value areas. The middle- and second low-value areas increased by 13.64% and 10.78%, respectively. The low-value areas move toward some medium-value ones. From the perspective of the spatial autocorrelation of the ESV, the local correlation and hot spot analysis showed the spatial distribution characteristic of high in the west and low in the east. The high-high-concentration and hot spot areas were distributed in the Three Mountains area, while the low-low-concentration and cold spot areas were distributed in the basin and desert areas. The water and forest land area decline is one of the primary reasons for the total ESV decline in Xinjiang from 2015 to 2020.


In the scopes of design,the modern design language is in the trend Minimalism remarkably.Minimalism,it derived from the nonobjective painting sculpture,which springs from an art genre in 1950s America.It claims that we should express the meaningful artistic conception in limited information, thereby,we can retain the clear venation among chaos,and can offer refined related signal in the memory of the audiences,make a profound impression of them. Now it is being a style,a culture tendency,a kind of esthetics explore of to the artist,an aesthetic definition,a kind of philosophical education,a ultimate embodiment of the Green Design.Minimalism is a phenomenon,which is always mentioned by the designer,in the past,nowadays and the future.It will be always applied to fashion show and the modern design,becomes a thought way and a working way.


A new gas temperature sensor was developed that shows promise of sufficient ruggedness to be useful as a gas turbine temperature sensor. The sensor is in the form of a single-crystal aluminum oxide ceramic, ground to a cone shape and given an emissive coating. A lens and an optical fiber conduct the thermally emitted light to a remote and near-infrared photodetector assembly. Being optically coupled and passive, the sensor is highly immune to all types of electrical interference. Candidate sensors were analyzed for optical sensor performance, heat transfer characteristics, stress from gas loading. This led to the selection of the conical shape as the most promising for the gas turbine environment. One uncoated and two coated sensing elements were prepared for testing. Testing was conducted to an indicated 1750 C in a propane-air flame. Comparison with the referee optical pyrometer shows an accuracy of + or - 25 C at 1700 C for this initial development. One hundred cycles from room temperature to 1700 C left the sapphire cone intact, but some loss of the platinum, 6% rhodium coating was observed. Several areas for improving the overall performance and durability are identified.


In order to investigate the effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on the yield and yield components of purslane seed, an experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments were based on a combination of four sources of nitrogen supply: cow manure, vermicompost, fertilizer and control , and four types of biofertilizer including: nitroxin , mycorrhiza , Biosulfur and control . The results showed that the effect of nitrogen sources on all studied traits (except physiological grain nitrogen efficiency) was significant. The highest grain yield (1959.99 kg ha-1) and biomass yield (9782.43 kg ha-1) were obtained from NPK treatment with no significant difference with cow manure. Also, the most nitrogen efficiency indices were obtained from NPK treatment. However, no significant difference was observed between agronomic efficiency of grain and cow manure. The highest phosphorus content and biomass phosphorus content were obtained from NPK treatment. However, with the use of organic and chemical fertilizers, the efficiency of phosphorus use decreased. The effect of biofertilizers on most of the studied traits (except biomass P percent) was not significant. Interaction of nitrogen sources and biofertilizers was significant on most of the studied traits (except grain yield, agronomic efficiency of N and P). Based on the results of this experiment, considering the environmental effects and increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use for sustainable production of purslane seed in Birjand region can be used as fertilizer replacement (NPK).


Quantum Machine Learning (QML) shows how it maintains certain significant advantages over machine learning methods. It now shows that hybrid quantum methods have great scope for deployment and optimisation, and hold promise for future industries. As a weakness, quantum computing does not have enough qubits to justify its potential. This topic of study gives us encouraging results in the improvement of quantum coding, being the data preprocessing an important point in this research we employ two dimensionality reduction techniques LDA and PCA applying them in a hybrid way Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC) and Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) in the classification of Diabetes.


In order to more objectively evaluate the technical efficiency of machinery manufacturing, two data envelopment analysis(DEA)models(both the optimal and the worst)were applied for the first time to estimate the technical efficiency of 85listed machinery manufacturing companies of 2012, and by means of the geometric method the two envelopment frontiers results were reasonably sorted. The findings indicate that the optimal or the worst efficiency deviates from the combined efficiency in ranking,and the results are more objective when it comes to the combined efficiency;the fewer the input factors,the greater the volatility,or the more different the input variables are,the more differently the combined efficiency ranks as opposed to the optimal and the worst efficiency.Based on the above conclusions,listed companies are recommended to strengthen the balance of input factors and improve the efficiency of these factors.


As an HVAC manufacturer, it is our goal to create safe, comfortable, and efficient environments (i.e., classrooms, health care facilities, offices, etc.). Standards are useful in gaining agreement regarding the appropriate sound levels for these spaces and establishing how to verify that these levels are met. Regular interaction and participation in writing the standards helps to ensure that all are aware of the requirements and it also allows participants to provide input on what is practical. Participating in the process also helps to prevent adversarial relations between the parties involved in the design and use of the equipment. Standards also provide the technical basis for which manufacturers and customers can make a valid comparison of different products. The information provided is useful in the design process. Sound power of the equipment is a commonly used metric. Standardizing sound power measurement methods reduces the customer's risk by making sure the published sound levels are representati...


A method, which incorporates the effects of long-range fluctuations into a single three-spin custer, is presented. The basic idea is to consider overlapping clusters in a chain, in order to equally treat all neighboring three spins and also to take account of the long-range correlations beyond the cluster size. An approximate decimation is employed, by which all spins of the chain are successively decimated and a renormalized three-spin cluster is obtained. Numerical calculations of the internal energies and the specific heats for spin 1/2 systems are presented, and show that the present approximation is valid for T ≧| J |/ k B .


Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) - also known as PGT for Structural Rearrangements (PGT-SR) - has emerged as an option for at-risk couples carrying balanced translocations. The female in the couple featured in this case report is a carrier of a balanced reciprocal translocation who underwent IVF. PGT showed all her embryos were aneuploid. She subsequently had two cycles using donor oocytes, which ended in miscarriages.


Objective\ To study the applications of diagnostic laparoscopy for patients with ascites of unknown origin. Methods\ A laparoscopy was used for 56 patients with unknown origin ascites, for whom various modern radiographic techniques had been used but failed to confirm. \ Results\ No complications were noted. The diagnosis was confirmed in 52 patients,confirmation rate being 92.8%.\ Conclusion\ The diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and accurate method for the diagnosis of patients with unknown origin ascites.


Forecasts of product demand are essential for short- and long-term optimization of logistics and production. Thus, the most accurate prediction possible is desirable. In order to optimally train predictive models, the deviation of the forecast compared to the actual demand needs to be assessed by a proper metric. However, if a metric does not represent the actual prediction error, predictive models are insufficiently optimized and, consequently, will yield inaccurate predictions. The most common metrics such as MAPE or RMSE, however, are not suitable for the evaluation of forecasting errors, especially for lumpy and intermittent demand patterns, as they do not sufficiently account for, e.g., temporal shifts (prediction before or after actual demand) or cost-related aspects.
Therefore, we propose a novel metric that, in addition to statistical considerations, also addresses business aspects. Additionally, we evaluate the metric based on simulated and real demand time series from the automotive aftermarket.


Abstract The silicide chemistry, i.e. the type, composition, and lattice parameters of the silicide in as cast titanium based Ti–Si–Al–Zr alloys, has been studied. It has been shown that the stoichiometry of the silicide in the alloys can be expressed as (Ti1−x , Zrx)5(Sil−y, Aly) 2·76−3·04(0≤X< 0·2, 0≤y<0·1). The presence of Al and Zr in the silicide increases its lattice parameters. Addition of Al coarsens the eutectic silicide and slows the formation of secondary silicide precipitates by solid state reaction. Addition of zirconium refines the eutectic silicide and promotes secondary silicide precipitation. The silirides are low in Al and rich in Zr, whereas the Ti matrix is rich in Al and low in Zr. The lattice parameters of the Ti matrix are decreased by Al and increased by Zr.MST/1427


Objective:To investigate the reasons for the changes of hepatic pathology and serum enzymology after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods:From 1999 to 2001, 69 patients admitted LC were randomly divided into two groups. In experimental group, the gallbladder was resected with monopolar cautery and cystic bed was generally coagulated in LC. In comparing group, the gallbladder was removed with microscissors and the cystic artery was clipped with titanium clip. For 5 patients in each groups, hepatic tissue of 1cm×1cm in bulk and close to the cystic bed was sampled for histological study. The level of serum enzymology was measured on the first and 5th postoperative day. Results:The level of ALT and AST in experimental group were higher significantly on the first postoperative day (P 0.01 ). Under microscope, coagulation necrosis of hepatocytes on the plane which cautery contact directly was observed. Expansion of the hepatic sinus, as well as shrinkage of hepatocytic membrane on the interior plane, and degeneration and edema of the hepatocytes on the base plane were noted. However, liver cells from the experimental group had no significant change.Conclusions:Thermal injury of the liver tissue is a major reason for changes of hepatic pathology and serum enzymology in the early time of postoperation.


First-void urine usually contains exfoliated cells of the debris and mucus from the female genital organs and cervix, i.e., high concentration of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA). We conducted a meta-analysis of published data and determined an accuracy of HPV detection in first-void urine compared to the women's cervix. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Eligible articles published from 2011 until 2021 were gathered by searching Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library Central databases. The patient selection, index test, standard test, and patient flow were the factors involved in quality evaluation. A meta-analysis of 15 studies (3412 women) based on 5054 potential records was conducted. Pooled sensitivity for high-risk HPV detection in urine of 78% (70–84%) and specificity of 89% (81–94%) were calculated. Any HPV detection in urine of 87% (74–94%) and 91% (83–96%) were pooled sensitivity and specificity, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 had a pooled sensitivity of 77% (76–77%) and specificity of 98% (98–98%). Meta-analysis indicated variations between the pooled specificities and sensitivities. In meta-regression analysis, a heterogeneity in accuracy by using covariates (bias in patient selection, purpose, sample timing, storage temperature and HPV detection method) were not detected. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the accuracy of detection of HPV in urine for the presence of cervical HPV. Although progress is continuously made in urinary HPV detection, further studies are needed to evaluate and to improve the accuracy of the first-void urine test in order to be comparable with other screening methods.


If urinary catheters are used during surgeries, epidurals and parturition, patients and their physicians want a return to volitional voiding as soon as possible. Micturition is regained by passing a decatheterization test. Fortunately, only a small percentage of patients fail three or more of these tests and have to use catheters longer-term. Surprisingly, there are no approved drugs that are currently approved to assist with these tests; however, bethanechol, 50 mg/BID, should be considered further for this application. The drug is a bladder wall receptor stimulant and, at this moderate dosage, it is reasonable to expect it to help with decatheterization tests. This position statement includes several designs for future bethanechol use and research. In addition, an International Neuro-Urological Research Group is introduced that is promoting this drug.


This paper studies the factorial structure of the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Dutch translation, in a large Belgian sample (n = 9442) that is representative of the general population. Data was collected from the 2001 Belgian Health Interview Survey. In total, 11 factor-structure models are tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Two models, a two-factorial model without cross-loadings and a three-factorial model with cross-loadings, prove to have acceptable model-fit. Given parsimony and the uni-dimensionality of the subscales, the authors prefer the two-factorial model over the three-factorial one. In a next step, it is examined whether a general, second-order factor can be seen underlying both the two- and three-factorial models. This, however, was only true for the three-factorial model. Based on correlations with other scales (the revised Symptom Checklist 90, SCL-90-R; the MOS Social Support Survey, MOS-SSS) and a variable on social contacts, the authors suggest that the 'social dysfunction' subscale be renamed 'dysfunction'. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article presents a forgotten lyric cycle Intermezzo by Mieczyslaw Jastrun, written from 1937 to 1939, published solely in 1947 in his Chosen Lyrics and disregarded by critics. In the paper, the structure of the writing was described, consisting of two unnamed parts: the lyrical and dramaturgical one (separated by a mystical, groundbreaking poem Nad Morzem (On the Seaside), which shows the transformation of Jastrun's poetical consciousness and the departure from the former lyricism towards a historical and superindividual reflection. The structure of the cycle and its leading motive was — inter alia — underscored by the musical shaping of the whole. These hidden elements were unveiled in the analysis and interpretation of the poem. The actuality of the objectives of the article is meant to appear from the premises which elucidate the groundbreaking position of the cycle Intermezzo in the literary output of Mieczyslaw Jastrun. First of all, it separates Jastrun's inter-war poetry from that written after 1941. Secondly, it shows the transition from the idealistic worldview of the author to a realistic one.


Initiatives in brownfields restoration--in which abandoned, contaminated industrial and commercial sites can be revitalized and returned to productive use--many times have been gridlocked by a core problem: how to achieve protective cleanup levels without bankrupting the cost bearers. Barriers to brownfields restoration include: remediation standards, set by regulatory agencies, that are difficult to achieve at complex sites; technical barriers that make it difficult to restore sites to pristine conditions; and liability and cost issues that discourage investors and lenders from properties struggling under an unfinished regulatory process. Each barrier affects the others, creating a maze that is easy to enter but difficult to escape. In many cases, money, time and expertise are squandered, and feelings of anger and frustration are vented. Fear of gridlock halts many brownfields projects before they begin. Previous site investigations conducted by property owners revealed that spills, leaks, drips and onsite waste disposal of organic and inorganic preservatives used in wood-treatment processes had contaminated the soil and groundwater. The most toxic contaminants were a group of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo(a)pyrene, pentachlorophenol and arsenic.


This work highlights the relationship between Dario, the storyteller, and Dario, the author of Los Raros (The Unusual Ones), book of biographical essays. Besides, it values the fantastic tales of Ruben based on the anthology made by Jose Olivio Jimenez with those tales, as well on its relation to his Cuentos completos


Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data and information recently become a valuableinformation since its association with the climate, oceanography condition and fisherieshave been discovered.  Unfortunately, SST information using satellite imagery frequentlyconstrained by atmospheric cloud cover since satellite sensor disability to gather any landor ocean surface information through the cloud.  Modeling data is very required to fill theblank data resulted from satellite imagery under cloudy condition.  This study conducted atSulawesi Sea to North Halmahera which is included to Fisheries Managing Area (FMA)716, to find out the strength and direction relationship between SST model and SST satellite.Result indicates there is a strong and same direction relationship between SST model andSST satellite (r=0.704, n=1516) with 0.2C diferrence so that SST model can be used to fillor substitute the blank of SST satellite.


The King held an Investiture on December 17 in the Ballroom of Buckingham Palace and personally > conferred decorations on members of the nursing services as follows:?Bar to the Royal Red Cross: ?Miss Sarah Brown, Q.A.I.M.N.S. (R.). Royal Red Cross and Bar: IN 1 iss Una Lee, Q.A.T.M.N.S. (R.). Royal Red Cross, First Class: Miss Lavina Badger, ?^liss Ina Humfrey, Miss Louise Remnant, and Miss Kate Underwood, Q.A.T.M.N.S. (R.);Miss Pauline Barnard and Miss Isabel Eveleigh, T.P.N.S. Royal Red Cross, Second Class: Miss Joan Wells, Q.A.I.M.N.S.; Miss Lily Baldwin, Miss Mildred Beale, Miss Elizabeth Betts, Miss Charlotte Black.


We present System F°, an extension of System F that uses kinds to distinguish between linear and unrestricted types, simplifying the use of linearity for general-purpose programming. We demonstrate through examples how System F° can elegantly express many useful protocols, and we prove that any protocol representable as a DFA can be encoded as an F° type. We supply mechanized proofs of System F°'s soundness and parametricity properties, along with a nonstandard operational semantics that formalizes common intuitions about linearity and aids in reasoning about protocols.
 We compare System F° to other linear systems, noting that the simplicity of our kind-based approach leads to a more explicit account of what linearity is meant to capture, allowing otherwise-conflicting interpretations of linearity (in particular, restrictions on aliasing versus restrictions on resource usage) to coexist peacefully. We also discuss extensions to System F^o aimed at making the core language more practical, including the additive fragment of linear logic, algebraic datatypes, and recursion.


One problem in multidisciplinary simulation is to merge models which originate in different disciplinary environments into a common computer-executable model for computational experimenting. The paper reports on a possible solution thereof. This is based on a public-domain, application-neutral, formally defined Fortran or C format for dynamic input/output systems, called DSblock, to which "higher level" models can be translated. In particular, it is reported on A-CoSiLa, an ACSL model translator to the neutral DSblock format.<<ETX>>


It is generally recognized that if overload can be prevented, reverse-bias (gain decreases as emitter current decreases) in gain-controlled transistorized video IF amplifiers is preferred because of the superior bandpass stability throughout the AGC range and because of the uniformity in AGC tracking. Evaluation of overload distortion as a function of gain-control and source impedance indicates what signal levels can be tolerated at various operating conditions. Design based on overload evaluation has resulted in four-stage, 45 MHz amplifiers for color receivers having 70 db power gain, 60 db gain reduction capability, signal handling capability of 400 millivolts at the IF input of 50 ohms, and linear output capability of 3. 5 volts of video at 2900 ohms.


The main crop of the «common» type fig cv. 'Rampelina' exhibited a three-stage growth cycle: two periods of
rapid development interrupted by a slow growth phase; the climacteric and the increase in ethylene occurred in the latter rapid
stage. The compositional and physiological changes marking fruit development were recorded in fruits divided by weight into six
groups. Figs in the highest weight group harvested at cell distension showed an increase in ethylene production commensurate
with the onset of ripening. Respiration always increased at mid-August, though in figs under 30g without changes associated with
ripening. Examination of morphological changes in flowers evinced various development stages.


Metallodielectric photonic crystals (MDPC) were fabricated by the combination of direct laser writing technique, which was used to prepare initial dielectric templates, and by subsequent metalization of the templates using electroless coating technique. The obtained MDPC structures have adequate structural quality, and exhibit spectral signatures of photonic bands consistent with theoretical expectations. The fabrication process is simple but reliable, and can deliver MDPC structures suitable for operation in the infrared and terahertz spectral ranges.


ABSTRACT In late 1964, NAACP Executive Director Roy Wilkins became the first African American newspaper columnist syndicated widely in the white, mainstream press. This study looks at how Wilkins used his new journalistic platform to engage in the emerging conservative discourse over law and order. Wilkins tried to combat the pervasive stereotype of the violent black criminal, but as his column spread to more newspapers and his opinions reached deeper into the white mainstream, his efforts backfired. This research argues that his harsh denunciations of black criminality, delivered under the imprimatur of the NAACP, served to legitimize the stereotype, granting it greater authority in the national public sphere. Despite Wilkins's prominence, his journalism has received little attention in studies of the civil rights movement and the political upheaval of the 1960s.


The analysis and reconstruction of personal watercraft accidents is difficult due to the many non-reproducible factors associated with water transportation accidents. This study contributes to reconstuctionists' ability to analyze PWC accidents by investigating the stopping distance and acceleration performance of five commercially available PWCs. Stopping distances were determined by integrating velocity measurements collected by an on-shore radar and data acquisition system. Acceleration measurements were determined by differentiating data collected using the same equipment. Results showed that typical stopping distances were 125 ft to 160 ft at 30 mph, and 180 ft to 225 ft at 40 mph. Stopping distance was found to be linearly related to speed over the test range of speeds. The maximum speeds attained by the test PWCs were 43.4 mph to 55.3 mph. The average deceleration over the full stopping distance was -0.14 g to 0.31g. These drag factors are similar to those observed for road vehicles skidding on snow and ice. Straight line acceleration was observed to be speed dependent. Acceleration was found to be a function of PWC speed, with each particular watercraft having its own acceleration versus speed profile. Average peak accelerations observed were 0.31 g to 0.55 g. The average acceleration from 0 to 30 mph was over 0.45 g for the most powerful watercraft, which is similar to the average acceleration for a sports car.


Background It is well established that the incidence of cardiovascular disease among men is higher than that among women. Objective To determine whether differences between men and women in terms of a range of conventional and rheological risk factors could explain this sex difference. Design This was a population-based cohort study (the Edinburgh Artery Study). Methods Men and women aged 55–74 years (n = 1592) were selected at random from the general population of Edinburgh and followed up for 5 years. Baseline cardiovascular risk factors were measured and related to incidence of disease among men and women. Results Men had higher levels of cigarette smoking, haematocrit and blood viscosity and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen than did women. The incidences of cardiovascular events among men and women were 48.3 and 26.1 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Adjustment for level of HDL cholesterol reduced the male: female ratio for sex-specific incidence rates of cardiovascular events from 1.80 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.43–2.27] to 1.34 (95% Cl 1.04–1.73). This reduction was partially reversed after further adjustment for the other cardiovascular risk factors. The impact of blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and plasma level of fibrinogen on the risk of cardiovascular disease was higher for men than it was for women (multivariate relative risk for blood viscosity were 1.24, 95% Cl 1.08–1.43, for men and 0.81, 95% Cl 0.61–1.06, for women). Conclusions Levels of HDL cholesterol levels in women being higher than those in men may explain some, but not all, of the sex difference in incidence of cardiovascular disease. Greater susceptibility of men to rheological factors might also be important.


This experiment was conducted at the Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA to evaluate various foliar insecticides for Green peach aphid (GPA) and Tobacco flea beetle (TFB) control on fluecured tobacco. Tobacco 'NC 297' was transplanted into experimental plots on 14 May. Plots, 4 x 40 ft (1 row x 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. The untreated border rows were ratooned and additional fertilizer was applied as a side-dress treatment on 15 Jul. Normal production practices were followed for weed and disease control, fertilization and topping and sucker control. Twelve treatments and an untreated check were established in a RCB design with four replications (Table 1). Treatments for GPA and TFB control were applied as foliar sprays using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 25 gpa at 50 psi through TX V-10 nozzles (three/row) on 15 Jul and 19 Aug. The second application was applied to the ratooned border rows. The first sizeable rainfall after the 15 Jul application was 1.61 inch on 24 Jul. The first rainfall after the 19 Aug application was 0.23 inch on 24 Aug and 0.71 inch on 26 Aug. Temperatures during application ranged from 80-84°F on 15 Jul, and 90-93°F on 19 Aug. GPA on 4 upper leaves and TFB were counted on 10 plants/plot immediately before treatment and at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the 15 Jul application and at 3, 10 and 15 DAT after the 19 Aug applications. Tracer 4F was applied at 2 fl oz/acre to the entire test for tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L., and tobacco budworm control on 1 and 29 Jul and 29 Aug. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means (P < 0.05) were separated with WD (k-ratio = 100). Data for GPA and TFB counts were transformed to log (x+1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the tables.


Consider $\left(M,g\right)$ as an $m$-dimensional compact connected Riemannian manifold without boundary. In this paper, we investigate the first eigenvalue $\lambda_{1,p,q}$ of the $\left(p,q\right)$-Laplacian system on $M$. Also, in the case of $p,q>n$ we will show that for arbitrary large $\lambda_{1,p,q}$ there exists a Riemannian metric of volume one conformal to the standard metric of $\mathbb{S}^{m}$.


A study on the distribution and zonation of mangrove crustacean in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan was conducted in July 2004. The three research locations were selected i.e. Muara Ilu, Muara Kaeli, Muara Bayor and Muara Beji . Crustaceans were collected by applying quandran methods (1 x 1 m) in transect lines. The diversity index (H') of crustacean in Delta Mahakam: 1.382 - 2.028 and the Eveness  index (E) : 0.5877 - 0.7101. The highest diversity index was recorded from muara Kaeli and the highest Evenes index  was in Muara Ilu.


In a horizontally stratified absorptive earth with vertically traveling plane compressional waves, denote the Fourier transforms of the reflectivity, delayed transmissivity, and the acoustic impedance by R, T, and Z, respectively. It is shown that both Z and 1±R are positive real (p‐r) functions. Although R, in general, is neither p‐r nor minimum phase, |R|<1 for real frequencies. T (the transmission function referred to a time origin t1—the one‐way traveltime through the section) is not, in general, p‐r. If the absorption law is a minimum‐phase function, however, then T is minimum phase. If absorption is absent, then the inverse filter for T is not only minimum phase, but is also of a finite duration equal to 2t1.


Twenty-five isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing mango anthracnose were collected from different agroclimatic zones of India. The isolates were evaluated for their pathogenic variability on mango seedlings and genetic characterization using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD molecular techniques). The random primers OPA-1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 15, 16 and 18 were used and the twenty-five isolates were grouped into two. The amplified DNA fragments (amplicons) obtained was compared by agarose gel electrophoresis. Isolate specific RAPD fingerprints were obtained. Out of eight primers in RAPD, OPA-1, 3 and 18 were able to produce reproducible banding pattern. Each of these primers generated a short spectrum of amplicons, located between 661 and 2291-bp markers, indicative of genetic polymorphism. Dendogram revealed more than 75% level of similarity. 4.36% polymorphism was also found in individual isolates that was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) among the sample, it also indicates that all the isolates tested had approximately same genetic identity. The data suggest that RAPD may be of value by virtue of its rapidity, efficiency and reproducibility in generating genetic fingerprints of C.  gloeosporioides   isolates.

 Key words: Colletotrichum  gloeosporioides, genetic identification, mango anthracnose.


Elderly, hospitalized patients suffer disproportionately from constipation; however, little data suggest that constipation prophylaxis reduces length of stay (LOS). We performed a retrospective analysis of elderly patients admitted to our hospital with congestive heart failure (CHF) to determine the effects of constipation prophylaxis on LOS.


Fatigue analysis of pistons is reliant on an accurate representation of the high temperatures to which they are exposed. It can be difficult to represent this accurately, because instrumented tests to validate piston thermal models typically include only measurements near the piston crown and there are many unknown backside heat transfer coefficients (HTCs). Previously, a methodology was proposed to aid in the estimation of HTCs for backside convection boundary conditions of a stratified charge compression ignition (SCCI) piston. This methodology relies on Bayesian inference of backside HTC using a co-simulation between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) solvers. Although this methodology primarily utilizes the more computationally efficient FEA model for the iterations in the calibration, this can still be a computationally expensive process. In this paper, several data reduction methods, such as principal component analysis, data clustering and resampling, sensor reduction, and uniform bin sampling are investigated to improve computation time while minimizing reduction in accuracy of the inference results. Each data reduction method is compared to a control case to determine change in accuracy and improvement in run time. Results indicate that most reduction methods were no more effective than using a smaller Latin hypercube design to inform the Gaussian process within the Bayesian inference code. Reduced error was observed for the structured sensor reduction method, indicating that further studies on the value of individual sensor locations to the overall calibration might be a viable path to reduce the computation time of the calibration methodology without compromising accuracy.


A confessed "cultural outsider" as both a white scholar and "a sinner among the sanctified," Ray Allen has produced a valuable, informative and first-hand account of one contemporary aspect of African-American religious music. Singing in the Spirit traces the evolution of "quartet" singing (in practice, sacred quartets vary in composition from four to six voices, with instrumental accompaniment) from the European-influenced southern black college "jubilee" groups of the late nineteenth century to the "sanctified" gospel style which emerged in northern urban black communities during and after World War II. Where other commentators have stressed the commercially popular aspects of the form, Allen's concerns are with "non-commercial" and "semi-commercial" sacred quartets in and around New York City. Utilizing the methods and theories of folklore, ethnomusicology and oral history, he offers trenchant (and vivid) analyses of the "performance strategies" and aesthetics of a consciously dramatic (and painstakingly rehearsed) style of evangelical ritualistic worship among predominantly working-class urban blacks. Such groups as the Heavenly Tones of Brooklyn, the Biblettes of Jersey City, and the Golden Jubilees of Jamaica, perform for audiences/congregations which are "almost exclusively AfricanAmerican... approximately two-thirds female," and have religious and experiential ties with the South. "Singing in the Spirit," Allen suggests, is a "complex phenomenon involving the conscious manipulation of performance strategies, continuous audience/artist interaction, and the expectations of transcendent intervention that participants carry to a gospel programme. "


The structure and phase composition of a rapidly solidified Al-1.5% Zr alloy were studied before and after severe plastic deformation by torsion under a high hydrostatic pressure. The strain-induced dissolution of metastable aluminides and an additional alloying of the aluminum matrix with zirconium were found. An ultrafine structure and a high hardness were shown to be characteristic of the rapidly solidified material after severe plastic deformation.


ABSTRACT The results of this study confirm that national bias is influenced by the extent of cultural similarity and differences across a country's regions. Canadian consumers prefer Canadian to non-Canadian service providers, although providers from English-speaking countries are close substitutes. Service providers from Asian and Spanish-speaking cultures, on the other hand, experience substantial negative biases. Furthermore, the extent of national bias differs significantly across Canadian regions—it is highest in Calgary and lowest in French Quebec.


The present paper selectively reviews the literature which compares full-term and preterm infants' communication with their mothers in the first year of life. The review is focused not only on what differences are found between full-term and preterm infants, but also why such differences exist. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of interpreting the findings in the light of the developmental phase of the infants, the heterogeneity of the preterm population and the situation in which communication is studied. Most studies were not designed to consider these issues in any detail. Differences with respect to these factors can be found between studies, however, which may have contributed to the often contradictory findings. Consequently, comparisons between these studies provide clues about the effects of these factors on communicative development. The ultimate goal of this review is to point to important directions for future research on early communication in preterm infants.


Despite the apparent nonequilibrium conditions found in the plasma, this research has demonstrated that the flowing, reduced-pressure inductively coupled argon plasma can provide a rapid, sensitive, and effective new analytical method for hydrogen isotope analysis. The important characteristics which make this method useful include the following: no apparent molecular emission, the ability to correct the apparent isotope effect observed in static systems by flow regulation, the linearity of the response of atomic hydrogen and deuterium line intensities with concentration of H2 and D2 injected in the plasma gas mixture, and the minimal memory effects.


The distribution and utilization of bamboo species in the mid-western and the far-western regions were recorded using various methods including Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, field visits and specimen collection. Of the eleven genera of bamboo recorded from the regions, most of the species were found to be of indigenous types. In the mid-western region, 48 bamboo species were recorded: 18 identified at species level and 11 at genera level. However, 19 species could not be identified, although their local names were recorded. Similarly, in the far-western region, 31 species were recorded: 10 were identified at species as well as genera levels. In this region too, 11 species could not be identified, only local names were recorded. Greater diversity of bamboos exists in the hills than in the Terai belt of the regions studied. High Mountain districts such as Jumla, Dolpa, and Darchula contain considerably less quantity of large diameter sized bamboos (bans) than small sized diameter bamboos (nigalo). Although, in these regions, 18 uses of bamboo were noted, many species are mostly used for weaving. The development of bamboo resources in the regions can help reduce poverty, generate employment and sustain rural livelihoods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i1.9059 Banko Janakari, Vol. 21, No. 1 2011; 13-24


The existing network risk control mechanisms are lack of scientific and normative decision-making and rely too much on subjective judgments, which brings a great uncertainty on network risk management. In this paper, a risk control decision-making mechanism of power data network based on grey relation is put forward, and puts emphasis on the prior risk control based on the prediction results. This mechanism first constructs a matrix of positive and negative ideal measures according to the risk control objective. Then, the grey relation coefficient matrix between the candidate and ideal measures is calculated to evaluate the similarity between measures. Finally, we define the grey relation projection coefficient to evaluate the degree of closeness between the candidate measure and the positive ideal measure and the degree of deviation between the candidate measure and the negative ideal measure. Simulation results show that this mechanism can make timely and accurate decision-making of network risk control measures.


Pent-4-enoic acid, methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid and 3-methylenecyclobutanecarboxylic acid are hypoglycaemic compounds structurally related to hypoglycin (Anderson et al. 1958). Pent-4-enoic acid partially uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and strongly inhibits pyruvate oxidation in rat-liver mitochondria (Sherratt, 1963). However, these effects are also shown to varying extents by pentanoic acid, pent 2 enoic acid, cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyclobutanecarboxylic acid which are not hypoglycaemic (Senior & Sherratt, 1966). vonHolt, vonHolt & Bohm (1966) attributed the hypoglyeaemic activity of hypoglycin to the inhibition of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation by methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid, a metabolite of hypoglycin. Pent-4-enoic acid inhibits palmitate oxidation in skin (Yardley, 1964). Here we report the effects on fatty acid oxidation by pent-4-enoic acid and the four related simple fatty acids used in our previous work (Senior & Sherratt, 1966). [1-14C]-Labelled butyrate (lmm), octanoate (lmm), laurate (0-16mx, apparent concentration) or palmitate (1 mm, apparent concentration) and rat-liver mitochondria were incubated in the Warburg apparatus at pH 7-0 and 300. The incubation medium included fumarate (0-4mm), ATP (2mm), hexokinase (EC 22.214.171.124.) (15 units) and glucose (20mM). The 14CO2 produced was trapped inKOH and counted in a liquid scintillation spectrometer (Herberg, 1960). Laurate and palmitate suspensions were prepared by adjusting their solutions at pH12 to pH7-0. Control oxygen uptakes of 60-80 and 40-50mg atoms 0/min./mg. ofprotein were obtained using laurate and palmitate respectively. Pent-4-enoic acid (0-01 mx) inhibited 14CO2 production from palmitate by 82%, from butyrate by 6%, from octanoate by 2% and from laurate by 10%. This strong inhibition of palmitate oxidation was not found with the four related acids and none gave a marked inhibition of butyrate, octanoate or laurate oxidation. DL-Camitine (1 mx) increased the oxidation of laurate and palmitate by up to 100% but did not affect the percentage inhibition of palmitate oxidation by pent-4-enoic acid. Only cyclopropanecarboxylic acid significantly reduced acetoacetate formation from fatty acids. The strong inhibition of palmitate oxidation by pent-4-enoic acid and methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid may explain their hypoglycaemic activity. This conclusion is supported by the demonstration that chemically similar yet nonhypoglycaemic fatty acids do not inhibit palmitate oxidation at low concentrations.


Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is an technique by endoscopic duodenal intubation injection of contrast medium.It was initially used in the diagnosis of bile duct diseases.In recent years,with the continuous development of endoscopy and interventional radiology techniques,ERCP treatment in biliary and pancreatic diseases has been the continuous development.This paper summarized ERCP in biliary and pancreatic diseases.


Introduction To Information Retrieval Overdrive Digital. Introduction To Information Retrieval. Introduction To Information Retrieval Putao Ufcg. Introduction To Information Retrieval Arbeitsbereiche. Introduction To Information Retrieval. Introduction To Information Retrieval Stanford Nlp Group. Introduction To Information Retrieval Cs Ucr Edu. Introduction To Information Retrieval By Christopher D. Introduction To Information Retrieval Book. Information Retrieval The Mit Press. Introduction Information Retrieval Uvm. Information Retrieval Lmu Munich. Introduction To Information Retrieval Stanford University. Introduction To Information Retrieval. Introduction To Information Retrieval Amp Models Slideshare. Introduction To Information Retrieval Kangwon Ac Kr. Information Retrieval. Introduction To Information Retrieval Assets. Introduction To Information Retrieval. Introduction To Information Retrieval


In the project "ICT-AGRI: Development of harmonized sampling and measurement methods for odour, ammonia and dust emissions" different subgroups have been formed focusing on either ammonia, odour or dust. In this report, the conclusions of the ammonia subgroup regarding harmonization of measurement methods for the estimation of the ammonia removal from air cleaning technologies are summarized.


This study aims to examine the possibility of developing Mega Mendung batik as an Eco-product in the Trusmi Batik Center Area, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. The benefit of this research is to increase the practical knowledge of processing Batik products and to make the sample products as a reference for similar products. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation regarding natural dyes and batik making techniques. The results of this study indicate a positive impact in the development of the Mega Mendung batik as an Eco-product in the Trusmi Batik Center Area. First the Mega Mendung batik was developed using conventional methods without natural ingredients. Then natural dyes were used for the Mega Mendung motif, which are red-blue coloring, with a red cloth background and blue gradation on the motif. Campaign also conducted through Eco-promotion, Mega Mendung batik now has a much higher selling value based on the type of natural batik fabric, such as in printed batik, embroidered batik cloth, and contemporary batik. In the future, this Eco-product development needs to be continued for Mega Mendung batik to stay as one of the distinguished culture of Cirebon.


Abstract : The specific contact resistance, r sub c, and contact resistance, Rc, of NiGeAu and PdGeTiPt Ohmic contacts to n-GaAs and TiPd and PdGeTiPt Ohmic contacts to p+-GaAs were determined as a function of temperature between 4.2 and 350K The low r sub c obtained for some of the contacts at 4.2K implies that much of the total contact resistance measured at 4.2K in 2DEG structures lies across the n-n heterojunction(s) in series with the metal semiconductor junction. Although NiGeAu contacts have a lower contact resistance to n-GaAs, PdGeTiPt contacts, which have much better edge definition, can be substituted for the NiGeAu when they are properly annealed. Also, low resistance contacts can be made to heavily p-doped GaAs at 4.2K using either TiPd or properly annealed PdGeTiPt contacts, r sub c for the TiPd contacts annealed at 350 deg C for 15 s and at 395 deg C for 90s, and the 350 deg C/15s p-PdGeTiPt contact fit the field emission model, and the 395 deg C/90s NiGeAu, 350 deg C/15s n-PdGeTiPt, and 395 deg C/90s p-PdGeTiPt contacts can be described by the thermal field emission mode. However, the 350 deg C/15s NiGeAu and 395 deg C/90s n PdGeTiPt contacts have a much larger temperature dependence that can best be described by tunneling to deep states near the metal-semiconductor interface. p4


Although the concept of autonomous robot design projects has existed in engineering education for years as a tool for giving engineering students hands-on experience, in practice, the autonomy of these projects has been limited due to cost. Student programmers participating in these projects often have limited ways to interact with their environment autonomously, relying on low-cost sensors such as touch sensors instead of interacting with a high-cost camera-based positioning system. This not only limits the autonomy of the robot, but robs the student of valuable design and programming experience, since professional engineers often have access to tools such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). Thus, it was desirable to build a low-cost positioning system that could be used to track the movements of student-built robots and to transmit position and orientation information. This system would not only aid in the autonomy of the student-built robots, but give the students hands-on experience interacting with such a positioning system, experience that would transfer to working on autonomous vehicles in industry. Such a system was built, utilizing Nintendo Wii remotes as infrared cameras to track the movement of high-intensity infrared beacons mounted on student robots. Each of these Wii remotes tracked up to four LED locations in their field of view and conveyed the information to a C application running on a Linux machine. This application packaged the information and transmitted it to a Microsoft Visual Studio C# library, which grouped LED locations into robots positions. A National Instruments LabVIEW application transmitted the resultant orientation and position information to student's autonomous robots via radio frequency communications. This system performed well and significantly improved the design experience for the students involved.


Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) rely on the user's brain activity to control equipment or computer devices. Many BCIs are based on imagined movement (called active BCIs) or the fact that brain patterns differ in reaction to relevant or attended stimuli in comparison to irrelevant or unattended stimuli (called reactive BCIs). Traditionally BCIs employ visual stimuli for feedback in active BCIs or as cues in reactive BCIs. However these vision-based BCIs are not suited for people with an impaired visual system and in situations where there is a threat of visual overload. Touch-based BCIs may be a viable alternative but they have hardly been explored so far. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in touch-based BCIs. The feasibility of tactile BCIs based on event related brain potentials to localized vibrations has been shown and tactile BCIs based on steady state brain responses to different vibration frequencies can compete with their gaze-free visual counterparts. We recommend the development of specific hardware paradigms and classification algorithms to improve performance further.


A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Cairo University Pediatric Hospital (CUPH), from June to December 2007, to compare serum zinc levels in 40 well-nourished Egyptian children, aged 3 to 54 months, admitted with the diagnosis of pneumonia,


The problems are often found in the recruitment process is the difficulty of determining which candidate meet the criteria to be employees. Determining the prospective employees who meet the required criteria need appropriate recommendations. This research developed a system for selecting candidate that implements the C4.5 decision tree algorithm. The criteria used are the latest education, work experience who have ever lived, the age of the prospective employee, the value of a diploma transcript, the value written test, interview and test scores. In designing applications using context diagrams, and presentation applications using Code Gear RAD Studio Delphi 2009 and MySQL database. This research results is Decision Support System with C4.5 algorithm for selection and acceptance of the employees candidate.


This research is based on the fact that moral values are important, novels as written literary works must also contain moral values so that they can be used as an example, moreover the researchers themselves will be involved in the world of education, so that research on moral values can be taught more or less to students by reading literary works and looking for moral values contained in them. The problem in this study is whether there is a moral value in the novel Laskar Pelangi; then what are the moral values contained in the novel Laskar Pelangi; The purpose of this study was to analyze moral values in the novel Laskar Pelangi and describe the results of moral analysis research in the novel Laskar Pelangi. The method in this study is a descriptive method. The steps of data collection in this study are 1) Intensive reading of the novel entitled the irregulars of the rainbow 2) Recording quotes that contain moral values and analyze them. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that there are so many moral values that the author wants to convey, including researchers finding religious or religious moral values and researchers find finding moral values related to society or social.


period, known as the 'revolution from above', was critical, as shown in the book, in deciding the political landscape and power distribution for the decades to come. A motivating feature of the story is its continuous connection with all sides of societal life in its progression. Developments in literature and art reflect the societal transition, but references to them also show how they themselves have been reinforcing important shifts in perceptions, construction of mentality and social interactions. Chapter 6 offers a rather detailed and elaborate account of the stealth and dark transformation of the 1930s that coincides with the pronouncement of the completion of the first phase of socialist construction and Stalin's assertion that life was becoming better and more joyous. No better examples of the revulsions of the process of moulding the Soviet character and national conformity can be given than in the stories and experiences of ordinary people. The book offers some interesting evidence in that respect. Considering the importance of the Great Patriotic War and its legacy in the history of Russia, the accuracy and detail in its presentation (including naming it) would be of particular value. Chapter 7 has assumed the immense and impossible task of telling this story in slightly more than ten pages. To prove the impossibility of the task, the narrative wanders around different topics while not doing much in providing the wartime context from the Russian perspective. Chapters 8–12 cover the post-war period with some presenting the context for exploring Russian history and others reflecting on the exact events and developments. Chapter 8 introduces the Cold War. It illustrates how it was enacted inside the country by counteracting and blocking the influences and threat of Western culture; and how it was executed outside of the country through international policies and propaganda and later through the temporary opening of Russian society during the Thaw years (Chapter 9). The book concludes with chapters on stagnation, perestroika and the demise of Soviet Russia by presenting the masters of its history-makers. At the very end of the book, the reader is rapidly taken by the historical flow into the twenty-first century riding the wave of historic continuity that creates new leaders, new heroes, new people's accounts, voices and memories: possibly the beginnings of a book on Russia in the twenty-first century.


countries, underlining the need for caution when generalizing from results in specific countries. This book provides interesting and valid international comparisons making it of particular interest to an international audience. For both those involved in academic spheres and direct service or planning, this book can provide substantial material of potential interest. Service planners and care providers can both find food for thought within the various contributions; though it should perhaps be underlined that this is in


The structure characteristics of different chaos and fractal images can be evaluated by reproducing the dynamics orbits in these images.It is a useful method to discover the dynamics characters of chaos and fractal images.Directly tracking orbits relative to a parameter on an area of M set,the computer proof of some characteristics,such as periodicity,can be realized by this kind of test.Reproducing and testing the orbits in the filled-in Julia sets from Newton mappings not only shows some dynamics characters of the mappings,but also shows the chaos characteristic which means the sensitivity to the initial conditions near Julia sets.Testing the plane-tiling dynamics systems with D_4 symmetry,the affecting rules between period areas of general M sets and period orbits in filled-in Julia sets can be understood.


After introducing what are computational vision and computational vision navigation,an combined navigation method of computational vision and SINS is brought out,since the reference marks on earth are three dimensional,and what computational vision get are two dimensional images,methods of imaging and coordinates conversion are discussed,then the combined navigation method is analyzed in detail,error equations are set up,and a filtering algorithm based on Kalman filter is proposed.Simulation results show that the navigation method can improve the guidance precision and is useful.


The effect of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria strains isolated from the Avena sativa rhizosphere on A. sativa growth and the quantification of nitrogen fixed were analysed using the stable ~(15)N isotope dilution technique. Results showed that most strains were beneficial to A. sativa growth, but a few strains had little influence. There were distinct differences between bacterial strains for % N_(dfa) (percentage of nitrogen derived from atmosphere) and quantity of N fixed, ranging from 13.78%-63.96% and 0.065 3-0.315 8 mg/plant, respectively. Strains showing 50% N_(dfa) were Azotobacter sp.ChO7, Pseudomonas sp.ChO3, Azotobacter sp.ChO4, Azotobacter sp.ChO5 and Azospirillum lipoferum ChO6. Azotobacter sp.ChO4 fixed the greatest quantity of N per plant, followed by Pseudomonas sp. ChO3, Azotobacter sp.ChO7, Azotobacter sp.ChO5 and A.lipoferum ChO6. Looking at the N quantity fixed, and influence on A.sativa growth, bacterial strains including A.lipoferum ChO6, Azotobacter sp.ChO4, Pseudomonas sp.ChO3, Azotobacter sp.ChO5 and Azotobacter sp.ChO7 are suitable as inoculants for A. sativa biofertilizer.


Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of Egr-1, C-jun and IL-1β mRNA and protein in the lung injured by mechanical ventilation. Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 250-320 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group A received no mechanical ventilation; group B-E received mechanical ventilaion for 30 (B), 60 (C), 90 (D) and 120 (E) minutes. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 35 mg·kg-1 , tracheostomized and mechnically ventilated (VT =42 ml·kg-1 , RR = 40 bpm, I: E = 1:2, FiO2 = 21 % ) . Arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis. The animals were killed at the end of mechanical ventilation in group B-E and after tracheostomy in group A. The lungs were removed for microscopic examination using HE staining. The expression of Egr-1, C-jun and IL-1β mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and immuno-histochemical technique respectively. Results There was no significant difference in PaO2 and SaO2 among the 5 groups while PaCO2 was significantly decreased in group B and C but increased in group E as compared with group A. The expression of Egr-1, C-jun and IL-1β mRNA and protein was significantly increased by mechanical ventilation in a duration - dependent manner. Histological studies demonstrated that the damage to the lung was correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation in terms of perivascular inflammatouy cell infiltration, exudates and hemorrhage in the alveoli and thickening of alveolar walls. Conclusion The results of our study show that mechanical ventilation activates and upregulates the expression of the early response genes in a duration - dependent manner. The upregulation of the expression of these genes might be involved in the underlying mechanism of lung damage induced by mechanical ventilation.


Cooperative learning in physical education classes is perceived as beneficial. The aim of this article was to examine whether field studies that include cooperative learning in their physical education intervention programs provide applicable data—to allow teachers to choose the optimal teaching strategy in line with their teaching goals. A systematic review of 44 research studies, published between 2000 and 2020, was conducted. Data related to teaching strategies and outcomes were compiled and discriminant function analysis was conducted, to classify the articles according to positive outcomes reported/not reported. Our results suggest a partial association between a range of cooperative teaching strategies (including Jigsaw, Learning Team, Complex, and Complex Instruction, as well as the cooperative learning model and combined strategies) and learning outcomes in four domains (social, physical, affective, and cognitive). Our literature review reveals that while the published data is valuable, additional research is needed to complete the picture.


In this paper,the effect of rice wine on lowering serum total cholesterol(TC) was studied by animal test.The male SD rats were fed with high fat feedstuff to obtain model animals with high blood fat.Then the model rats were fed with rice wine of different doses.The result showed that rice wine condensate had the effect of lowering serum total cholesterol.


PURPOSE: A fixing frame of a partition panel is provided to arrange partition panels in various types by deforming the shape of the fixing frame. CONSTITUTION: A fixing frame of a partition panel comprises a runner(110), a base(120), and a plurality of caps(130,140). The runner is settled on ground. The base is supported by runner and supports the bottom part of the partition panel. A plurality of caps is combined in the side part or upper part of the base and supports both sides of the lower part of the partition panel.


The recent development of femtosecond optical parametric oscillators has extended the wavelength range over which ultrafast lasers are available (visible to 3.5 micrometers has been demonstrated). The options in cavity configurations, phase matching, and nonlinear optical crystals used with a Ti:sapphire pump laser are discussed. Results of an OPO using the nonlinear crystal KTiOAs4, which is potentially tunable to 5 micrometers , are presented.


The aim of this article is to examine the legal possibilities available to creators of children's games, enhancing art education. It focuses on the type of games that enrich the learning experience by means of works of visual, verbal or musical art. I do not deal with the technology of the digital age, but examine the educational art game as a 'derived game', containing the original work of art (as a component of the game), and discuss in depth the issue of the use of works of art, integrated in children's games. The situation in this sphere is murky. In the toy shops there are no games providing enrichment in the understanding of art, and shops in art galleries have only a few games with reproductions of pictures in those galleries. The subject is particularly important in view of the fact that children are not exposed to works of art contributing to their cognitive development and critical perspective, and when they do see works of art, they are usually behind some barrier and not easily accessible. The...


This report is one volume of a nine-volume report associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The objective of the program is to improve existing transportation operations during severe cold ice and snow environments and to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of the system in severe winter conditions. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems which operate in cold weather environments. This volume addresses the fundamental properties of materials which are affected by ice and snow in transit system normal operation. It presents basic research results in eight areas which focus on the fundamental information necessary to deal with the effects of ice and snow on transit systems. These eight areas are identified candidates for basic work which will lead to improvement in systems operation: Detection of Ice and Frost Formation; Near Ground Level Icing; The Thermal (Infrared) Properties of Ice; System Operation in Cold Weather; Patina Formation Studies; Ice Nucleation and Adhesion on Metals; Heat Transfer in Metal Surfaces; and Iceophobics/Anti-Icing Coatings.


A new formula of sports beverage was developed by polyphenols of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus as raw materials. On the basis of single factor tests, response surface test was used to determine the best proportion of sports drink components. The exhaustive swimming time and related lactic acid biochemical were as indexes in different groups of mice, respectively. The optimum formula of sports beverage was obtained, when the polyphenols amount of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus was 10.12%, the amount of lemon juice was 16%, the amount of saccharose was 7.24%, the amount of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was 0.3%, and the amount of xanthan gum was 0.15%. The sensory evaluation score of the beverage under optimum process preparation was (88.6±1.7) score. The beverage solution presented an orange color, transparent, with the proper acidity and sweet, and had strong fragrance of lemon, without obvious precipitation or stratification.Compared with the blank control group, the sports beverage at middle and high doses could significantly prolong the swimming time in mice (P<0.01), enhance the LDH activity (P<0.05, P<0.01) and obviously decrease BLA content (P<0.05, P<0.01) in vivo. Therefore, the sports beverage of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus had better fatigue relieving effect.