Let be the real unit ball in and . Given a multi-index of nonnegative integers with , we set the quantity where and . In terms of it, we characterize harmonic Bloch and Besov spaces on the real unit ball. This generalizes the main results of Yoneda, 2002, into real harmonic setting.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of qianyu on chronic prostatitis Methods The pathological models of chronic bacterial prostatitis(CBP) and non-bacterial prostatitis were respectively established by injecting standard E.Coli and carrageenan into the rat's prostate.And the two models were respectively treated with qianyu treatment group and qianlietai control group to observe its effect.The immunity in the rat's prostate(SIgA and IL-8) was examined by IR and ELISA. Results As compared the treatment of qianyu on CBP model with the model control group,there were respective significant differences(P0.05) in the level of SIgA and IL-8 between the two groups. Conclusion Qianyu may markedly improve the local immunity in CBP model of rat's prostate.It has the effects of repairing prostatic tissue,and alleviating mesenchymal inflammatory reaction.The effect of qianyu to regulate the local immunity in the rat's prostate may be its mechanism in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.


Objectives: This paper reports a study of the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension, and its associated factors among secondary school students in Sarawak.  Methods: It was a cross-sectional study using questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurement.  Results: A total of 2461 secondary school children participated.  The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 13.2%, stage 1 hypertension was 12.4% and stage 2 hypertension was 4.6%.  The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24.3%, elevated waist circumference was 13.5, and overfat and obese was 6.7%.  Based on the urban model, factors that were associated with pre-hypertension were age, male, parent with history of hypertension, overweight and obese.  At the hypertension level, only male, overweight and obese were found to be associated.  A higher odds ratio was found for elevated waist circumference of 4.42 (95% CI:1.75, 11.11) to be associated with hypertension.  In rural model, factors found to be associated with pre-hypertension were age, male, ethnic group (Chinese), overweight and obese, elevated waist circumference.  For pre- hypertension level, variables that were consistently to be associated with hypertension were male, ethnic group (Iban and Chinese), overweight and obese, elevated waist circumference, and parent with history of hypertension, overfat and obese.  Conclusions: The prevalence of pre hypertension and hypertension was found to be different between urban and rural area, gender and obesity were found to be associated with elevated blood pressure.   There is a need to emphasize earlier detection and intervention among younger generation on hypertension.


The goal of my thesis is to evaluate the effectivness of public services provided by a municipality. To meet this goal I use the analysis method and benchmarking. In theoretical part I discuss public services from economic theory perspective, their types, their forms of financing and different forms of services providing. In the second part I introduce modern types of effectiveness measuring such as CAF, BSC, and Local agenda 21, ISO system of controls and prevention and -- finally --Benchmarking, which I selected as the main method for my practical part. In the practical part I examine a sample of 10 towns. I try to prove the hypothesis that my town provides public service (collection of municipal waste) in a better way than the other towns. To prove it I focus on the following indicators: total revenue / total expenditure on waste collection, extra amount of money payed by municipality per capita, total expenditure on mixed waste production per capita, production of mixed and sorted waste, revenue from EKO-KOM. Moreover I discuss further indicators such as quality of information available on websites, collection of biowaste or rating in competition. Key words are: public service, benchmarking, effectivness, Municipal Corporation, fee for waste collection, mixed waste production, sorted waste production, EKO-KOM, biowaste.


In this article, we investigate an artificial traffic model on scale-free networks. Instead of using the routing strategy of the shortest path, a generalized routing algorithm is introduced to improve the transportation throughput, which is measured by the value of the critical point disjoining the free-flow phase and the congested phase. By using the detrended fluctuation analysis, we found that the traffic rate fluctuation near the critical point exhibits the 1/f -type scaling in the power spectrum. The simulation results agree very well with the empirical data, thus the present model may contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanism of network traffics.


Abstract : Techniques employed to determine fast-neutron spectra with nuclear emulsions are described in detail. The report is divided into two parts. The general theory involved in the exposure of nuclear emulsions is developed in the first part, along with descriptions of procedures and equipment used. The second part is a presentation and discussion of some of the data obtained with nuclear emulsions. (Author)


The paper presents the significance and the role of emotional intelligence (hereinafter EI) in the professional development of teachers. Firstly, we analyzed in detail the issue of the definition of EI and its conceptualization in the school environment. According to this we outlined the Mayer-Salovey model of EI, and administered it in the school premises. Consequently, we highlighted the lack of programmes for strengthening the EI of teachers in Slovenia. To date, in Slovenia, there has not yet been any systematic approach for the professional coaching and tuition of teachers for EI development. Although the profession clearly indicates the important role of teachers as socializers and supporters of the development of children's EI, the Slovenian education system in this area remains extremely underdeveloped. We supported this fact using a content analysis of the "Catalogue for continuing education and training for professionals in education for the school years from 2005 to 2014/15", where we focused on the key words: emotional literacy, emotional intelligence, emotional competence, etc. We found an extreme lack of programmes to enhance the EI of teachers. In conclusion, we present proposals for further training in the field of EI in the field of professional development for teachers in Slovenia.


Summary The GroundWater Spatiotemporal Data Analysis Tool (GWSDAT) was developed by Shell Global Solutions and the University of Glasgow "to provide a simple to use, but statistically powerful decision support tool to environmental engineers and practitioners who routinely report on the status of numerous groundwater monitoring sites.", through the use of joint modelling of both spatial and time elements in a single spatiotemporal modelling framework. The aim of this presentation is to provide an overview of GWSDAT and its functionalities, and to illustrate its use via a published case study.


This thesis aims to examine the complex relationship between the realm of politics and media during a 'terrorist event' in Turkey by focusing on the politics of fear and the power relations between two. The research uses Critical Discourse Analysis as a primary method to analyse political communication and media coverage of a 'terrorist attack' in Turkey. In 6th of September 2015, a military convoy was attacked in Daglica, Turkey only two months before the snap elections. The event was one of the most important turning points before the election. Following the elections, Turkey had a strong turn towards authoritarianism and populism resulting in the erosion of media freedom and democracy. This research identifies the Daglica event to analyse Recep Tayyip Erdogan's (President of Turkey) interview and three news channels' media coverage of the event in order to examine the political communication's discursive mechanisms. By doing so, the research focuses on the appearances of relations between discursive and social practices. Finally, the thesis aims to contribute to broaden the knowledge of media critique for minimising media attributions to the political gains during such tragic events. (Less)


Objective:To verify the effects of ZhiLong capsule on renal pathomorphology and contents of Ⅳ-C,PC-Ⅲ,LN and HA in the serum of rats with early-stage diabetic nephropathy(DN).Method:DN models were established with the method of high sugar and fat feed and peritoneal injection of STZ 45mg/kg,the models were given with intragastric administration of different drugs respectively.The contents of Ⅳ-C,PC-Ⅲ,LN and HA in the serum of rats were detected with radioimmunoassay to observe the changes of renal pathomorphology.Result:The contents of Ⅳ-C,PC-Ⅲ,LN and HA in the serum of rats in ZhiLong capsule group were decreased,glomerular damage and renal interstitial fibrosis were alleviated,it showed statistical meaning compared with the model group(P0.05).Conclusion:ZhiLong capsule can remarkably relieve pathological lesions of renal tubular interstitial of the DN rat models and delay the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.


This chapter contains sections titled: Polycrystalline Silicon Micromechanical Beams Integrated Fabrication of Polysilicon Mechanisms Integrated Movable Micromechanical Structures for Sensors and Actuators Polysilicon Microbridge Fabrication Using Standard CMOS Technology Process Integration for Active Polysilicon Resonant Microstructures Fabrication of Micromechanical Devices From Polysilicon Films With Smooth Surfaces Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tungsten for Microelectromechanical Structures


In the first article this quarter, President Anthony Santomero asks: What is the root of the corporate governance problems that have recently gained the spotlight? Is it the mega-merger frenzy of the 1980s? Overly optimistic forecasts of earnings? Innovations in the financial services industry? Although these factors undoubtedly played some role, President Santomero views governance problems as having deeper roots. In "Corporate Governance and Responsibility," he points out that the central dilemma is one of conflicting interests in organizations - what economists call "the principal-agent relationship."


Presents new evidence for a sharing of projectile 2p vacancies in heavy-ion-atom collisions, Z1 approximately=Z2 approximately 35 and E/M<or approximately=0.5 MeV/amu. The sharing is effected by 3d pi -2p pi radial coupling and can be described through a function WL=(1+exp(1.79XL))-1, analogous to 2p sigma -1s sigma K-vacancy sharing. XL is a simple function of the projectile velocity and the 2p binding energies of the projectile and target atoms. The data may be used to show that the region of internuclear distances where 3d pi -2p pi radial coupling occurs is spatially distinct from the region of 2p pi -2p sigma rotational coupling.


Cancer survivors represent a vulnerable population at increased risk of recurrence and poor physical and psychosocial outcomes. Approximately 30% are obese, a rate increasing more quickly than in the general population. Obesity has also been associated with poorer prognosis and greater risk of recurrence in survivorship. Further, it is estimated that 1 in 10 cancer survivors continue to smoke. According to the American Cancer Society, survivors are recommended to maintain a healthy weight; engage in physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week, including strength training 2 days per week; and consume a diet high in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Adherence to the American Cancer Society guidelines has showed a survival advantage among colon cancer survivors, as well as improvements in health‐related quality of life, reductions in anxiety, tiredness, pain, and risk factors such as lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Despite this evidence, compliance with weight management, healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation is far from optimal, and there exists a paucity of research examining lifestyle behaviors among survivors. The current study surveyed survivors' engagement in lifestyle recommendations and their association with quality of life (QOL), depression, and anxiety outcomes. Further subgroup analyses examined (1) the experiences of African American survivors, a group often underrepresented in psychosocial research; (2) breast cancer survivors, who constituted the majority of survivors in this study; and (3) the impact of time since diagnosis.


Conodont elements are used as a geochemical archive of seawater. Some compositional features of conodont elements reflect conodont ecology and trophic structure of Palaeozoic pelagic ecosystems. However, the screening of conodont elements prior to geochemical and/or isotopic studies is a real problem. This study evaluates SEM cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL), which is very sensitive to the REE and Mn content of apatite, for the detection of traces of secondary transformation in the composition of conodont bioapatite. The SEM-CL of conodont elements is similar to that of unaltered shark teeth (blue-violet), but differs significantly from that of fossil vertebrate teeth (orange-red). Thermal alteration has little effect on the SEM-CL. Elements with a CAI of 1—1.5 show a redder and more intense CL than elements with a CAI of 5. In the case of corrosion of the conodont element surface in carbonate host rocks, the CL of the outer parts of the conodont element become reddish due to invasion of the carbonate material. Conodont elements from the clay host rock show deep purple SEM-CL. Thus, SEM-CL allows detection of the results of secondary processes in conodont mineralised tissues, including enrichment by REE and/or Mn, corrosion and contamination by carbonate material. This method can be used to screen significantly altered samples prior to chemical and isotopic analyses.


An Electronic Library Management System is a web-based application for assisting a librarian in managing a book library for any learning Institution. In many institutions of learning in Zambia, library management has become a problem due to the continued use of manually supported systems (Burke 2007). One such an institution is the Mufulira Skills Training Institute in the Copper belt of Zambia. The institution has been lacking an electronic library management system to properly manage its literatures and relies on a manual catalogue system for managing its books and other literatures, this process is tedious and time consuming. This is seen when students queue for a long time to borrow books from a librarian who has to register each student and the book borrowed manually, hence wasting a lot of time. In many cases these books are never returned due to lack of proper tracking system by the library hence loses of valuable books and other academic materials that are very important to library users. A web-based library was designed and developed to address the problems faced by the institution. The system provides basic set of features to add/update members (these could be students or lectures/teachers), add/update books, or modify and delete system and also monitor other activities within the system like definition of book categories in the system, tracking of members who have not returned the books past due dates, archiving of old or stolen books for the sake of record keeping, categorization of books by status. i.e. new, old, stolen, damaged books etc. On the other hand, the librarian has the responsibilities of managing members, issuing books and keeping track of what's in the inventory, and manage check in specifications for the systems based on the client's statement of need. The system was developed using PHP for the serverside script, MySQL 5.3 for the database and Html for front end interface. Other tools that were used were: JavaScript, JQuery library, Cascading Style Sheets, database running on Wamp Server, Bootstrap, Microsoft Office 2007, Adobe Dreamweaver CS6, and Adobe Photoshop CS4.It's easy and flexible to use and easy to maintain and can be rolled out to other learning institutions. Its development includes the establishment and maintenance of back-end database and front-end application development aspects. For the former require the establishment of data consistency and integrity of the strong data security and good libraries. As for the latter requires the application fully functional, easy to use and so on. The system's performance met user's requirements.


Concomitant chemoradiotherapy is an interesting treatment concept that may be more effective than conventional radiotherapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer and may improve chances of bladder preservation. Early results reported a high complete response rate but 2–3-year follow up shows less promise. Results of randomized trials are awaited.


Two simple and sensitive visible spectophotometric methods have been developed for the quantitative determination of mesalazine (MEZ) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical preparation (capsules). The proposed methods are based on oxidative coupling reaction of mesalazine with 8-hydroxyquinoline (method A) and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylendiamine (NNED) (method B) in the presence of sodium periodate as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form coloured products, exhibiting maximum absorptions at 644 nm and 543 nm, respectively. Beers law was obeyed in the concentrations range of 10-300 and 10-180 μg /25ml with molar absorptivity of 1.7223×10 and 0.6545×10 l.molcm, respectively. The relative error ranged between -0.4% to +0.16% and 0.9% to 0.31% with relative standard deviation of ±1.31% to ±0.39% and ±0.88% to ±0.32% for methods A and B, respectively. The optimum conditions for full colour development are described and the proposed methods were applied successfully to the assay of MEZ in pharmaceutical preparation (capsules).


The centenary of the foundation of the National Hospital, Queen Square, is a fitting occasion for the praise of famous men, and it is opportune that the Sir William Gowers Memorial Lecture falls due to be delivered at this time. My predecessor in this task drew for us, in his brilliant and inimitable style, a picture of Gowers better than any I could present to you, and pointed the contrast between Gowers and Hughlings Jackson, the naturalist and the philosopher (Walshe, 1956). It is to the fortunate association in the early days of the Hospital of two men of genius so different in their outlook, yet alike in their aims, that we owe in large measure the tradition which has inspired their successors to this day. It is difficult to know which has had the greater influence, for their interests were complementary and combined to form a discipline of clinical neurology at a scientific level far higher than that generally obtaining in medicine at that time. Jackson's has been the greater fame. We have, perhaps, taken too much for granted what we owe to Gowers, both for his own minute and accurate descriptions of disease and the methods of observation he developed and enjoined upon others. If in this lecture I refer to Jackson as often as to Gowers it is because their contributions to my subject were of equal importance and closely linked.


It is a chip arrangement for an optoelectronic component with at least one electromagnetic radiation-emitting semiconductor chip and a terminal assembly, said terminal assembly having a plurality of mutually electrically insulated layers.


'Doreen' is a bronze muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) that can be made into wine equal in quality to 'Carlos' and 'Scup-pernong'. It is self-fruitful, high-yielding, vigorous, resistant to berry shatter, adapted to mechanical harvesting with 50–60% dry fruit stem scars, winter-hardy in the southeast, and is generally disease resistant, including Pierce's disease. It requires 125 days from full bloom to harvest, compared to 100 days for 'Carlos.' It ripens in September in south Mississippi and Florida, and in October in North Carolina and north Mississippi.


Traditionally, in this society children have been denied opportunities to experience the realities of parental loss. Studies have found that children and adolescents demonstrate anti-social behavior as a result of anxiety and depression resulting from unresolved grief. Unresolved grief can cause difficulty in accomplishing Erick'son's developmental stage of Identity. Loss and grief has been recognized by and treated by those in the psychoanalytic field, but not necessarily


The glacial and periglacial geomorphology for the Simen and Bale Mountains in Ethiopia is reviewed. The Simen Mountains are mostly absent of relict periglacial landforms and today host a variety of miniature cryogenic phenomena. The Bale Mountains host a few localized large relict cryogenic landforms (e.g. stone stripes), suggesting past sporadic permafrost. A variety of regional factors may have contributed to the more extensive periglacial activity in southern Ethiopia than in the higher Simen Mountains to the north. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper focuses on the problems that a mass of low level learning management systems is developed repeatedly and that these systems can't interact.The model of standard learning management system is proposed,and the XML banding of all kind of different data types is carried out.The result is to realize the interaction among different learning management systems.


Abstract. We analyzed air samples collected on board a C-130 cargo
aircraft over the western North Pacific from May 2012 to March 2020
for atmospheric δ(O2 / N2) and CO2 amount fraction.
Observations were corrected for significant artificial fractionation of
O2 and N2 caused by thermal diffusion during the air sample
collection using the simultaneously measured δ(Ar / N2). The
observed seasonal cycles of the δ(O2 / N2) and atmospheric
potential oxygen (δ(APO)) varied nearly in opposite phase to the cycle of
the CO2 amount fraction at all latitudes and altitudes. Seasonal
amplitudes of δ(APO) decreased with latitude from 34 to
25∘ N, as well as with increasing altitude from the surface to 6 km by 50 %–70 %, while those of the CO2 amount fraction decreased by less
than 20 %. By comparing the observed values with the simulated δ(APO) and CO2 amount fraction values generated by an atmospheric
transport model, we found that the seasonal δ(APO) cycle in the
middle troposphere was modified significantly by a combination of the
northern and southern hemispheric seasonal cycles due to the
interhemispheric mixing of air. The simulated δ(APO) underestimated
the observed interannual variation in δ(APO) significantly, probably
due to the interannual variation in the annual mean air–sea O2 flux.
Interannual variation in δ(APO) driven by the net marine biological
activities, obtained by subtracting the assumed solubility-driven component
of δ(APO) from the total variation, indicated a clear influence on
annual net sea–air marine biological O2 flux during El Niño and
net air–sea flux during La Niña. By analyzing the observed secular
trends of δ(O2 / N2) and the CO2 amount fraction, global
average terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes for the period
2012–2019 were estimated to be (1.8±0.9) and (2.8±0.6) Pg a−1 (C equivalents), respectively.


Objective
To explore the effectiveness of Omaha system on transitional care in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods
A total of 42 elderly patients with chronic heart failure were selected by convenient sampling method, and five consecutive nursing interventions were conducted from 3 days before discharge to 3 months after discharge. The Omaha system was applied to evaluate the outcome of the patients' cognition, behavior and condition(K-B-S)from four aspects of environment, physiology, psychology and health-related behaviors.

Results
After continuous nursing intervention, 3 months after discharge, the patients showed improvement in circulation, respiration, digestion-hydration problems, neuro-muscle-skeletal function, social interaction, mental health, sleep, drug treatment program and hygiene compared with 3 days before discharge, and the difference in K-B-S score was statistically significant(P<0.01 or P<0.05). The improvement of defecation status and medical expenses was not obvious, and the difference of K-B-S score was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The transitional care plan for elderly patients with chronic heart failure based on Omaha system can reflect the nursing problems of patients and the direction of intervention, and improve the nursing outcome of patients.

Key words:
Chronic heart failure; Transitional care; Omaha system


Targeted therapy is associated with the use of drugs designed against specific molecular targets. Their mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of specific signaling pathways in processes related to the development of cancer (proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis or metastasis). One of the most important methods of treatment is immunotherapy, which uses monoclonal antibodies. Their mechanism of action is based on inducing programmed cell death by inhibiting specific signal transduction processes. However, immunotherapy has a number of limitations, including side effects that may endanger the patient's life. To overcome those obstacles immunoconjugates were developed, which combine a monoclonal antibody, or its fragment, with
a drug using a stable linker. Their mechanism of action is based on the monoclonal antibody
binding to a cell membrane receptor, their internalization, the degradation of the linker, and the
release of the drug attached to the antibody, which then activates specific genes or proteins or
induces apoptosis. Immunoconjugates represent a promising alternative for anticancer treatment
used today, but their use is associated with some obstacles. Nanotechnology helps to solve
these problems with a chemotherapeutics delivery system called immunonanoparticles. It uses
chemotherapeutics encapsulated in nanoparticles in combination with monoclonal antibodies
displaying the ability of selective recognition and binding with molecular targets on the surface
of selected cancer cells. This review focuses on presenting the most important solutions used
in targeted therapy, which combine traditional immunotherapy with modern nanotechnology.


For something over a generation, there has been a very definite reaction in our educational system against the abstractions which had grown up during the earlier period when education was primarily literary in its character. The charge is often made today that the older school which dealt chiefly with writing and reading gave children no sensory experiences, and no concrete material which they could carry in mind while they were learning the words in books, and while they were learning the elaborate forms of expression which were sometimes demanded of them in their reading lessons. The reaction against literary education has, in some cases, been so extreme as to suggest that reading and writing can be very largely left to take care of themselves; that the main business of the school consists in giving children new ideas about the material and social worlds. It is asserted that this larger information will stimulate a sufficient desire for reading, and will, at the same time, give the material knowledge for the interpretation of everything that is found in the books. Certain changes in the methods of teaching reading have tended to encourage this reaction toward concrete experiences. Thus, we no longer give instruction in the alphabet as the first step in teaching reading because the letters of the alphabet are in no wise connected with the children's experiences of things and with their experiences of spoken words. We begin rather by giving the wordwholes which are directly related to objects and to the spoken words which children know. The word-whole thus has a concrete meaning attached to it from the very first, and the process of analysis into the separate letters is allowed to come at a later stage. This method of teaching reading emphasizes the value of the concrete.


Releasing of textile dye effluents into general water bodies is a major environmental and health problem. Color removal, in particular, has recently become of major scientific interest, as indicated by the multitude of related research reports. During the past two decades, several physico-chemical decolorization techniques have been reported, few, however, have been accepted by the textile industries. Their lack of implementation has been largely due to high cost, low efficiency and inapplicability to a wide variety of dyes. The ability of microorganisms to carry out dye decolorization has received much attention. Green algae and blue green algae are considered as an important source for decolorizing dye and textile effluent. The dye Congo red and textile dye effluent is chosen for this investigation and the green algae Haematococcus sp., Chlorella sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquuss, S. officinalis, and S. quadricauda and blue green algae Arthospira maxima was used for the decolorization process. Chlorophyll, protein content of this organism was tested before and after the treatment. Haematococcus sp shown the maximum degradation among all the seven microalgae was found at 10ppm which was 98%, which decolorize the textile effluent efficiently in short period of time.


PURPOSE: To provide a method for enzymatically producing protected and unprotected di- and oligopeptides in purely aqueous solution. CONSTITUTION: Protected and unprotected di- or oligopeptides are synthesized by reacting an N-terminally protected α-amino acid alkyl ester or peptide alkyl ester of the formula X-E-R 1 with an amino acid or a di- or oligopeptide or a derivative thereof of the formula H 2 N-Q-R 2 in aqueous solution in the presence of a hydrolase, and, optionally removing protective groups from the reaction product separated from the reaction mixture, where E is the residue of an α-amino acid or a di- or oligopeptide, R 1 is a lower alkyl, and X is a group which carries a charge or is polar at the pH values used for the reaction and which increases the solubility by a factor >5 compared with compounds wherein X=H, Q is the residue of an amino acid or of a di- or oligopeptide, and R 2 is an optionally esterified or amidated acid group. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The pathways of adrenal and ovarian steroid biosynthesis use the same enzymes for the initial steps of steroidogenesis but express different enzymes that convert steroid precursors to the final active products. Both the adrenal and ovary produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the principal precursor of androgens and estrogens. The key enzyme in DHEA production is P450c17, which catalyzes both 17α-hydroxylation and 17,20lyase activities. The 17,20-lyase activity of human P450c17 strongly favors 17-hydroxypregnenolone rather than 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) as a substrate, producing abundant DHEA, so that most human androgens and estrogens derive from DHEA. Understanding the biochemistry of P450c17 is central to understanding the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Rare genetic disorders of steroidogenesis provide human genetic knockout experiments of nature, yielding important information about the biosynthesis and physiological roles of steroids.


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for scaling up digital health solutions such as telemedicine, mobile health (mHealth), artificial intelligence (AI), and social media in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The application and acceptability of digital health solutions in LMICs could differ from the contexts of high-income countries. Thus, this study aimed to review various digital health solutions implemented in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021231836). Searches were performed on PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS for research articles published between January 1, 2020 and March 17, 2021. The inclusion criteria comprised people residing in LMICs, digital health solutions that could improve the overall health and wellbeing, user experiences, and acceptability. RCTs, quasi-experimental studies, and cohort study designs were included. The risk of bias assessments for randomized studies and non-randomized intervention studies were performed.

Findings: Of the 2200 studies retrieved from search, 1912 studies were screened after removal of duplicates. Of the 270 full texts assessed for eligibility, six studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The studies were from Zimbabwe, China, and Turkey. Two studies were RCTs, one was cohort, and three were non-randomized intervention studies. Three studies focused on telemedicine and three on social media.  All studies indicated positive results with the intervention. However, each study employed different digital health technology and measured different outcomes, and, thus, meta-analysis was not possible.

Interpretation: Digital health interventions can be an effective way to improve health and provide health consultations during the pandemic. However, the available evidence from this review cannot determine the effectiveness of digital health solutions in LMICs. Remote consultations with the aid of social media, teleconsultation, and internet hospitals are the future of healthcare. Therefore, well-designed intervention studies in digital health are necessary.

Funding Statement: None.

Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests.


AIM:To investigate the effect of Sea Cucumber Capsule on the Parkinson's mouse induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP). METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were treated intraperitoneally with MPTP to prepare the PD model.The mice were treated with different doses Sea Cucumber Capsule for 14 days.The behavior tests of mice were observed and the contents of DA and its metabolites in the striatum of each group mice were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ECD).RESULTS:Sea Cucumber Capsule obviously enhanced the model mice's capability of motor coordination and prevented the destructive effect of MPTP.Sea Cucumber Capsule was effective against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neural pathway,and increasing DA and its metabolites' levels in the striatum.CONCLUSION:This study proves that Sea Cucumber Capsule could ameliorate the typical symptom of PD by protecting dopaminergic system.


ABSTRACT We present here the whole-genome sequences of Listeria monocytogenes from Ganges River water, agricultural soil, and human clinical samples from Varanasi, India, which will be used for a comparative analysis.


In the 1970s, connections between the counterculture and the feminist and gay movements resulted in tensions in traditional models of femininity and masculinity. Such behavioral changes reverberated both in the costumes of pop culture artists and everyday garments. Using images of an editorial published in 1973 by Pop, the first magazine aimed at young people in Brazil, this paper discusses from a gender perspective how the use of fashion reiterated and regulated, but also questioned and widened the limits for body-building. To this end, the discussion, which dialogues with other publications of the referred time, is based above all on the articulation between the areas of Gender Studies and Fashion History. We understand that fashion is not neutral, but a cultural practice, being produced according to particular worldviews which may reinforce or contest social inequalities. Our analysis indicates that the fashion conveyed by Pop worked to some extent as a material strategy of tensioning social conservatism, by refuting normative gender patterns and producing more libertarian models of femininity and masculinity.


This study was carry out to investigate the effect of supplemental lighting on the growth and flowering of Rosa hybrida 'Nobles' in winter. Supplemental lighting was treated during 5 hours at night with sodium lamp and fluorescent lamp, and cut flowers harvested 2 times for the experimental period. After supplemental lighting, air temperature and slab temperature in glasshouse was higher in sodium lamp treatment than control. Realtive humidity was low in sodium lamp treatment. Total nitrogen phosphate, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents of stem in sodium lamp treatment were higher compare to the other treatment. In sodium lamp treatment, the potassium and magnesium content of leaf in control were lower than the others. Chlorophyll content was not different by source of lighting. Stem length and diameter was longer in sodium lamp treatment. In two times, the yield was highest in sodium lamp treatment. Therefore, supplemental lighting with sodium lamp in winter season was recommended for improving the yield and quality in cut rose 'Nobles'.


The assessment of children's reading progress has long been of interest to teachers, researchers, and parents. The purposes for reading assessment include comparing one child's progress to that of his peers, screening students for special assistance, measuring an individual's progress over a period of time, diagnosing particular areas of strength or weakness, using information for decisions about instruction, and determining placement within a reading program or special facility. There have been many different approaches to reading assessment based partly upon these differing purposes, but also upon the conception of reading development held by the test designer or user. Reading Miscue analysis is a major whole language test designed to assess the strategies that children use in their reading. Goodman and his colleagues in the 1960's were interested in the processes occurring during reading, and believed that miscues (any departure from the text by the reader) could provide a picture of the underlying cognitive processes. He used the term miscue, rather than error, reflecting the view that a departure from the text is not necessarily erroneous (Goodman, 1979). Readers' miscues include substitutions of the written word with another, additions, omissions, and alterations to the word sequence.


AbstractStrain-controlled cyclic simple-shear tests were performed on silica sand with radial strain measurements. The specimens were tested under a constant K0 condition and subjected to cyclic loading and postcyclic monotonic loading. Threshold cyclic shear strain, volumetric strain, secant shear modulus, and damping ratio are investigated. Generally, the volumetric strain behavior in this study agreed well with literature findings that were investigated using the conventional cyclic direct simple shear test (without radial constraints). Radial strain during monotonic simple shear (postcyclic loading) was found to be a good parameter in monitoring the onset of flow slide in cohesionless soil. The concept of threshold cyclic shear strain, γt, was adequately applied in assessing the specimen volume change. Dynamic engineering properties, including equivalent shear modulus and damping ratio, were also studied. The damping ratio was found to decrease when the cyclic shear strain amplitude was greater than 2...


For a liquid above its melting point (Tm), the activation energy determined at constant density, E∞(ρ), is associated with "true" activated dynamics, while the ratio E∞(ρ)/E∞(P), where E∞(P) is the activation energy determined at constant pressure, is a measure of the relative importance of activation dynamics. If E∞(ρ)≫Tm, the liquid is called "strong," and for strong liquids it appears that E∞(ρ)/E∞(P)>0.5; these inequalities taken together indicate relaxations dominated by activated dynamics. If E∞(ρ)≈Tm, the liquid is called "weak," and for weak liquids E∞(ρ)/E∞(P)<0.5; these inequalities taken together indicate relaxations dominated by nonactivated processes. Although E∞(ρ) can be big or small, E∞(P) seems to be appreciably larger than Tm. Many glass-formers are quite "strong," even some such as orthoterphenyl, which is normally classified as "fragile," and, consequently, the relaxations of these are likely to be dominated by activated dynamics over the entire temperature range from well above meltin...


The thickness of lubricant on magnetic disk surface decreases because of disk rotation and head flying. In order to simulate the lubricant flow on rotating disks in magnetic disk drives, we developed a finite-element-method code, which takes into account the effects of centrifugal force and the shear force caused by the air flow. Using this code, we studied the change in lubricant thickness on rotating magnetic disks with and without flying head. We first compared the measured and simulated decreases in lubricant thickness on rotating disks without flying head. They agreed well in two cases with and without radial air flow on the disk. We considered this proved our code. We then compared the measured and simulated changes in lubricant thickness under a two rail flying head. They had similar shapes with a valley under each rail. However, the calculated change was two orders of magnitude smaller than the measured change. This discrepancy between them must be eliminated to design future disk drives with simulation.


The synthesis of defined arrays of polypeptide analogues in conjunction with a simple self-encoded chemical readout system provides a powerful method for the systematic investigation of the relationship between polypeptide molecular structure and function. A novel solid-phase synthesis procedure was used to prepare arrays of polypeptide analogues in which a specific modification was systematically incorporated into a unique position in a peptide sequence. The synthesis was carried out in such a way that the resulting arrays contained a defined family of modified peptides, with each peptide molecule containing only a single specific modification. The array of polypeptide analogues was self-encoded in a positional fashion by incorporating a selectively cleavable bond into the analogue structure. Following cleavage of the polypeptide analogue array, analysis of the resulting peptide fragments by MALDI mass spectrometry defined, in a single step, the presence and identity of each peptide analogue in the mixtu...


An algebra and a logic characterizing the complexity class NC/sup 1/, which consists of functions computed by uniform sequences of polynomial-size, log depth circuits, are presented. In both characterizations, NC/sup 1/ functions are regarded as functions from one class of finite relational structures to another. In the algebraic characterization, upward and downward tree recursion are applied to a class of simple functions. In the logical characterization, first-order logic is augmented by an operator for defining relations by primitive recursion. It is assumed that every structure has an underlying relation giving the binary representations of integers.<<ETX>>


The lightning overvoltage protection program for enter line side and feeder side of 220 kV traction transformer substation of passenger dedicated railway line were researched.The lightning overvoltage simulation model of the traction transformer substation was established with ATP-EMTP,and the various lightning arrester setting methods were simulated and analyzed.The optimal arrester setting method was selected through simulation,that is for the enter line side a group of arrester respectively set in both sides of cross connection and in front of transformer,or feeder side,a group of arrester was respectively set in the joint of cable with over head contact line and in the GIS switch cabinet.


I. Introduction A vast majority of federal litigation concludes with party-- negotiated settlement agreements. In cases involving state governmental entities, these settlement agreements are often implemented with court-- entered consent decrees. The employment of a consent decree allows for a federal district court to retain jurisdiction over the dispute between the parties. If a party to the decree believes that the other party has failed to comply with the terms of the decree, the harmed party may seek enforcement of the decree in the district court. Developments in state sovereign immunity have prompted questions regarding a federal district court's authority to enforce judgments against state officials. The Supreme Court expressly limited a district court's authority to enter certain remedial measures against state officials in Pennhurst State School v. Halderman (Pennhurst II).2 The Court held that a federal district court lacked authority under the Eleventh Amendment to issue an injunctive order requiring a state official to comply with state law. This rule has not been translated into concrete directions for a federal district court in deciding its authority to enter and enforce a consent decree. This Note analyzes a federal district court's authority to enforce an approved and entered consent decree against a state official. First, this Note reviews general considerations regarding consent decrees. Next, state sovereign immunity from suit in federal court is discussed. Specific problems created by the participation of a state official in drafting the provisions of a consent decree and submitting the decree to be entered by the federal court are examined. The discussion proceeds by examining the enforceability of consent decrees entered by federal courts. It then analyzes a key Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals case that finds a federal district court possessed the authority to enter a particular consent decree but could not enforce the same decree against the state official.2 The analysis continues by comparing the Fifth Circuit's approach to other federal circuits on this issue. This Note then argues that the Fifth Circuit's approach to enforcing consent decrees suffers from several significant analytical errors and limits the remedial powers of federal courts. Finally, the practical ramifications of the Fifth Circuit's ruling for future civil rights plaintiffs and state defendants are considered. IMAGE FORMULA9 II. Consent Decrees and Federal Court Jurisdiction A. General Considerations in Entering a Consent Decree A consent decree differs in many respects from a private settlement agreement. The provisions of the decree are generally drafted by the parties and submitted to the court for entry. When a federal court participates in the consent decree process, the court undertakes certain responsibilities. Whereas the formation of the conditions of a private settlement agreement is solely entrusted to the litigating parties, a consent decree is considered an order of the court. "The entry of a consent decree is more than a matter of agreement among litigants. It is a `judicial act.'"3 A court must therefore consider its own remedial and jurisdictional limitations in evaluating the parties' request for a proposed consent decree. While considerable discretion is provided to a district court in acting on a proposed consent decree, certain considerations must be addressed. "The judicial aspect of a consent decree derives from the imprimatur of the court, which invests the decree with the integrity of the judiciary and signifies the court's willingness to implement the solution of the parties"4 The Supreme Court ruled that in order to enter a proposed consent decree, the "consent decree must spring from and serve to resolve a dispute within the court's subject-matter jurisdiction[,] . . . must `come within the general scope of the case made by the pleadings,' . …


Afghan drug problem is complex.While the international community are intensifying crackdown on drug smuggling,Afghan drug trade is,however,prosperous,and its drug yield is staying at a high level. Currently,Afghanistan central government is unable to fight against drug smuggling efficiently.Internaionally,the broad international consensus is difficult to form,and relevant countries pursuit their own national interests in Afghanistan,so,leading international anti-drug efforts in Afghanistan to be ineffective.To solve the drug problem in Afghanistan needs treating the symptoms and the causes,carrying on the support in the source to Afghan farmers,promoting substitute plant and fighting against the drug smuggling.All this depends on Afghan domestic stability and widespread and continuous international assistance.


This paper presents new results on the deposition technique and the characterization of thin (ZrO 2 ) x (Al 2 O 3 ) 1 - x layers on silicon. The layers were deposited using the chemical solution deposition method on silicon substrates, and they were then subjected to different temperature treatments. For comparison, pure ZrO 2 layers were deposited, too. The chemical composition of (ZrO 2 ) x (Al 2 O 3 ) 1-x layers is determined by Rutherford Back Scattering. The morphology was studied by HRSEM. The addition of Al 2 O 3 makes the layers structurally more homogeneous as compared to those of pure ZrO 2 . The electric properties of MIS structures were studied. A fixed negative charge and the high dielectric constants are characteristic for these layers. The experimental results are discussed in the context of using them as high-k dielectrics.


It is demonstrated that a reduced-order controller that uses the state of a reduced-order model of the original system for feedback purposes can stabilize the original system if a certain condition is satisfied. In the approach to deriving the condition, it is assumed that the nondominant part of the original system may be linearly approximated by the dominant part. The approach taken for the derivation of these conditions is based on the identification and partition of the slow and fast parts of the original system. A Lyapunov function for the original system is formed as a linear combination of the states of the original system which are associated with the slow and fast parts. The fast mode of the system is then approximated in terms of the slower one. As a result, a modified Lyapunov function is obtained from which the condition for global stability is derived. An example is given to illustrate the approach used.<<ETX>>


It has been proposed that blending of Navan Conglomerate Group Ore (CGO) with Pale Beds Ore (PBO), the latter which floats well in isolation, results in sub-optimal Pb recovery with increased abundance of pyrite reporting to the concentrate and increased abundance of galena reporting to the tails. QEMSCAN data indicate that poor liberation of galena particles is not the primary cause of sub-optimal recovery of galena. Rather, principal component analysis (PCA) of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) reveals that chemically altered surface species interfere with the selectivity and recovery of froth flotation indicating that there is some poisoning of galena mineral surfaces particularly with Fe-containing species possibly leading to loss of recovery. Analysis of the Pb-circuit cleaner tails indicates Pb-species association with sphalerite surfaces, as was observed for the flotation feed and rougher tails but with insufficient induced hydrophobicity by Pb-collector interaction for flotation. A small population of relatively clean galena surfaces is also observed which may result from low bubble-particle collision efficiency or insufficient liberation. refractory nature. We propose that increased abundance of refractory framboidal pyrite in CGO is the critical factor affecting the performance of the Navan Pb flotation circuit rather than purely high pyrite abundance.


For airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) without precise measuring systems, signal-processing method can play an important role in motion compensation system. The main ideal is to extract all the necessary motions or Doppler parameters of the aircraft by evaluating the azimuth spectra of the radar raw data. The reflectivity displacement method (RDM) algorithm is described in this paper, and tested with the actual experimental data.


Information explosion is a critical challenge to the development of modern information systems. In particular, when the application of an information system is over the Internet, the amount of information over the web has been increasing exponentially and rapidly. Search engines, such as Google and Baidu, are essential tools for people to find the information from the Internet. Valuable information, however, is still likely submerged in the ocean of search results from those tools. By clustering the results into different groups based on subjects automatically, a search engine with the clustering feature allows users to select most relevant results quickly. In this paper, we propose an online semantics-based method to cluster Chinese web search results. First, we employ the generalised suffix tree to extract the longest common substrings (LCSs) from search snippets. Second, we use the HowNet to calculate the similarities of the words derived from the LCSs, and extract the most representative features by constructing the vocabulary chain. Third, we construct a vector of text features and calculate snippets' semantic similarities. Finally, we improve the Chameleon algorithm to cluster snippets. Extensive experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm has outperformed over the suffix tree clustering method and other traditional clustering methods.


The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between rice roots negative phototropism and endogenous plant hormone levels, as well as the impact of exogenous hormones on rice root growth. The adventitious roots and primary roots of conventional cultivars Yangdao 6(indica), Nipponbare(japonica), Zhonghua 11(japonica) and its OsPIN1 a over expressed transgenic seedlings were used to observe the process of root negative phototropism, measure contents of endogenous auxin(IAA), gibberellin(GA3) and abscisic acid(ABA) in the bending part of root tips, and investigate the impact of exogenous hormones to rice root morphology and anatomy. Results indicated that seedling roots of both Yangdao 6 and Nipponbare had negative phototropism, and the lateral roots and adventitious roots of Yangdao 6 showed stronger negative phototropism. Plant hormones and negative phototropism of rice root and root development are closely linked. Under unilateral illumination, endogenous IAA, GA3 and ABA levels declined. The content of these phytohormones in the irradiated side was lower than that in the shaded side. The treatment of unilateral light and exogenous IAA induced a large number of root hairs in Yangdao 6. Compared with conventional rice, the angle of negative phototropism was lager in OsPIN1 a transgenic plant. There was no direct relationship between exogenous GA3 and ABA treatments and root negative phototropism of rice. Exogenous ABA inhibited root growth obviously. The total absorption surface area, root number and root length per plant were significantly reduced by ABA treatment. The treatment of 10 μmol L–1ABA not only caused a dysplasia of both meristematic and elongation zone but also promoted the development of the central vascular tissue in root tips.


During the period 1972–1980, regional pancreatectomy has been performed in 40 patients: 36 had periampullary or pancreatic cancer, and 4 patients had benign disease. The 30‐day postoperative mortality rate is 15% (6/40) overall, being 7% for the regional total pancreatectomy Type I, 29% for Type II, and 50% for regional subtotal Type I. Of the 30 patients with cancer who survived the operation, 33% are currently alive and 27% have died of other causes with no evidence of recurrent disease. An analysis of treatment failures in the remaining 12 patients (40%) who died of disease is presented.


Design concepts, study results, and research directions toward development of CW laser heating of remotely flying spacecraft fuels to provide high impulse thrust are presented. The incident laser radiation would be absorbed by hydrogen through a medium of a laser-supported plasma. The laser energy could be furnished from an orbiting solar-powered laser platform and used to drive the engines of an orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) at costs less than with a chemical propulsion system. The OTV propulsion chamber would be reduced in size comparable to the volume addition of the incident laser energy absorber. The temperatures in the hydrogen-fueled system could reach 5000-15,000 K, and studies have been done to examine the feasibility of ion-electron recombination. Kinetic performance, temperature field, and power necessary to sustain a laser thrust augmented system modeling results are discussed, along with near-term 30 kW CO2 laser system tests.


ABSTRACT The design and construction details are given for a 100 W output Class E amplifier operating at 3-3 MHz suitable for high frequency electric process heating applications. The unit used IRF 450 type MOSFETs in parallel to achieve the power output


In this paper,the authors do an optimization on compressor suction valve by using ANSYS WORKBENCH.Both the results and sensitive analysis indicate that the length of the valve's minimum cross section and valve's angel are the main factors,which influence the stress and working performance. Designing these two parameters in a propriety way will benefits a lot.


Abstract : The smoke-marked trailing vortex wake generated by a light, twin-engine aircraft (AeroCommander 560F) was probed by another instrumented aircraft and the velocity and temperature fields in the wake were measured. Ground-based cameras recorded overall wake motion and decay due to instabilities. It was determined that wakes descending in a stably stratified atmosphere acquire buoyancy and then subsequently begin to lose it before they break up. The speed of descent of the wakes decreases with time, and the vortex spacing and the size of the buoyant oval both increase very slightly as the wake descends. A clear correlation between wake tilting and wind shear has been established, and it was determined that shear is one factor which causes the sometimes-observed single persistent vortex. (Modified author abstract)


By using a classical truncated argument and introducing the local Wasserstein distance, the global existence and uniqueness are proved for the distribution dependent SDEs with local Lipschitz coefficients. Due to the measure dependence, the conditions in the sense of pointwise for classical cases can be simplified to the conditions in the sense of integral. On the basis of the well-posedness, we prove the r-th moment exponential stability using the measure dependent Lyapunov functions and the existence and uniqueness of invariant probability measure is studied under the integrated strong monotonicity condition. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the results in this paper.


Prior to the establishment of Health Communication as an independent field of study, the socio-cultural dimensions of health and illness (patient/health aide relationship, social representations in health, etc.) were largely covered by sociology and anthropology. (Adam, and Herzlich 1994) Jodelet: "These pioneering disciplines have not failed to integrate a perspective of the individual in their approach, while establishing him in his social and cultural enrolment horizon, or in the framework of his relationship with medical institutions and professionals." (2006:1; our translation) However, the recognition of culture in the medical field has already been formulated in 1986 during the Congress of the World Health Organization in Ottawa, Canada. A new health system trend was then defined: the promotion of health that would offer, in addition to clinical and curative services, the recognition and respect of cultural needs. Nonetheless, Jodelet (2006) puts forth the statement that psychology of health was blinded by the game of collective dimensions that intervenes in the individual and public managing of health and illness. Within these dimensions, Jodelet considers culture being almost nonexistent, despite it being a central part of several works in sociology, history, and anthropology, which were concerned with illness and health.


Historically, reliable data for the thermophysical properties of fluids could only be obtained from accurate experimental measurement. The input from theory was, at best, limited to a supporting role by providing correlations. The large number of assumptions and approximations involved in theoretical tools such as equations of state meant that it was unrealistic to expect genuinely reliable predictions. More recently, the advent of powerful molecular simulation techniques has greatly enhanced the usefulness of thermophysical calculations, particularly in chemical engineering. Unlike conventional calculations, molecular simulation determines the properties of a fluid directly by evolving molecular coordinates in accordance with a rigorous calculation of intermolecular energies or forces. In this work, the application of molecular simulation to the prediction of the thermophysical properties of fluids relevant to chemical engineering applications is examined. In particular, the role of three-body interactions on the vapour-liquid coexistence of fluids is illustrated and compared with experimental data. Molecular simulation is also used to compare the viscosities of dendrimer fluids with linear polymers of equivalent molecular weight.


A novel side-lobes suppression detection based on passive balanced detection with half-inverse BPSK-code sets is introduced to suppress interference noise of 10Gbit/s optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) system. 10Gbit/s × 4CDM × 4WDM over 80km transmission is demonstrated for the first time.


In Illinois and Texas, senate elections return members to serve terms of different length. Because term length schedules are randomized, these states provide a natural experiment. Cross-sectional comparison of chambers requires statistical controls for myriad factors that distinguish cases (chambers or periods). These two chambers, by contrast, produce direct evidence of term length's impact on electoral behavior. We test hypotheses about term length's impact on candidacies, campaign expenditures, and voter participation with data from 1968 to 2010. Surprisingly, there is little evidence of any significant differences between contests for two-year and four-year terms.


A new intelligent multi-channel measuring instrument of wind speed is developed and the multi-channel measurement of wind speed,temperature and humidity is realized.The sensors of wind speed,temperature and humidity,and the amplifier circuit,digital analogue converter and the EEPROM are all integrated in one measurement pole.All of signal amplification,digital analogue conversion and calibration parameters storage are processed.The poles communicate with the instrument by two-wires of digital bus,and then the numbers of link wires are reduced between the poles and the instrument.The anti-interfacing capability and the extension capability are advanced.The wind speed value is calculated by piecewise linear interpolation under double logarithmic coordinates,and a high accuracy is obtained.The new instrument has advantages of high level of integration,accurate measurement and converient operation.


This article reviewed basic operation situation of Chinese steel pipe industry in 2009,emphasized development status and steel prices in international market of steel pipe industry in 2010.It pointed external environment of operating steel industry and main problems,and predicated operation tendency of Chinese steel pipe industry in 2010,six aspect should be adopted were put forward:①Vigorously promote the development of steel industry to change the way;②Vigorously promote the steel industry restructuring and optimization;③Vigorously promote the steel industry's technological progress and energy savings;④Efforts to increase cost efficiency and improve the quality of the industry to run;⑤Actively respond to international trade protectionism is on the adverse effects of iron and steel exports;⑥Actively maintain the basic stability of the domestic steel market.


Continued study of the five crystalline Na–celluloses, previously shown to occur as intermediates during the mercerization of cellulose and exhibiting two types of crystallographic fiber repeats, further indicates that they fall into three classes based on their unit cells and NaOH contents. In one class are Na–celluloses I and III, both containing up to 34% NaOH; in the second class are Na–celluloses IIA and IIB, marked by ca.15 A fiber repeat and containing up to 65% NaOH; and in the third class is Na–cellulose IV which is likely to be a hydrated form of cellulose II. Na–cellulose I was found to be the common first alkali–cellulose structure produced in the NaOH treatment of both cellulose I and cellulose II. Further study of this conversion step suggested a mercerization mechanism in which the alkali begins the conversion of cellulose to Na–cellulose I in the amorphous parts of the fiber. The conversion of the parallel-chain cellulose I structure to an antiparallel one is likely to occur already in this first step.


The basin of the Agua Branca creek is located in the Amazon maranhense and comprises an area of approximately 258 km², covering areas of the municipalities of Acailândia - MA (186.5 sq km - 72%), Cidelândia (5 km² - 2%), Imperatriz (1.5 km² 0.5%) and Sao Francisco Brejao region (65 km² - 25.5%). The changes of usages and ground covers in this area were marked historically by accelerated expansion of deforestation for purposes of deployment of all logistics for the maintenance of agribusiness as: the traditional extensive livestock farming; opening of secondary roads; construction of dams; impoundment of streams. In this sense, the objective of this article is to present a survey of the changes of usages and ground covers in this area. For this were used Landsat 5 images TM, the years 1988, 1999 and 2008, which were analyzed through geoprocessing techniques. The research shows how the economic activities deployed in the area of the basin have contributed to the change of usages and soil coverage, and their respective degradation processes.


OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to see the frequency of Anxiety and Depression among patients
with Migraine.
DESIGN: Cross sectional study.
SETTING: Department of Psychiatry, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi and Department of Psychiatry
Ziauddin University Hospital, KDLB campus, Kemari Karachi
DURATION: 1st June 2007 to 30th November 2007
METHODS: Referred patients of headache diagnosed as suffering from migraine were selected
for the study. Diagnosis of migraine was based on the criteria for migraine designed by International
Headache Society. Patients were enrolled irrespective of age and sex. Only those patients
were included who fulfilled the selection criteria. Any routine or relevant investigations wherever
required were carried out. Following selection of the cases, the patients were administered
the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale, Urdu version. All the findings were recorded on a preformed
Proforma. The data were compiled, tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 10.
RESULTS: One hundred and two patients with migraine comprising 65 females (63.8%) and 37
males (36.2%), minimum age of presentation 11 years and maximum 71 years completed the
study. Majority of the patients (75%) aged between 20 and 50 years. On screening for psychiatric
caseness using the validated Urdu Version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with a
cutoff score of 11-21 for both anxiety and depression 58 patients (56.8%) had psychiatric morbidity.
Therefore, 44 patients (43.1%) were not positive for psychiatric caseness. Of the 58 patients
with positive psychiatric caseness, there were 23 males 40%) and 35 females (60%).
These included 25 patients (43%) with anxiety, 18 patients (31%) of depression while 15 patients
(26%) had both anxiety and depression. Eighty percent of the 58 patients with positive psychiatric
caseness aged between 20-50 years.
CONCLUSION: Migraine has a significant association with anxiety and depression. Frequency
of this association may be influenced by sex and age.


This paper critically examines the key issues in Nigerian fiscal federalism with emphasis on the implications of the resource control and how a prudent application of derivation principle will quell the issues inherent in Nigeria fiscal federation generated by "resource control".Our analysis suggest that Nigeria government at all levels, have failed to fulfill their obligations to offer good governance anchored on equitable political arrangements, transparent administrative practices and accountable public conducts indeed, the failure to encourage genuine power sharing has triggered dangerous rivalries between the central government and thirty six states of the federation over revenue from the country's oil and other natural resources. The study therefore recommends that the government should designed appropriate policy in favour of the oil rich states based on the principle of resource derivation. The resources allocated to these states must be channeled towards capital project.


A simple, rapid and reproducible high performance reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative estimation of Formetrol in rotacap using a C-8 column and UV detection at 254nm. The isocratic elution was used to quantify the analyte. The samples were chromatographed on C-8 column and the mobile phase was ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile (80:20, w/v) was pumped at 1 mL/min. The method was linear between 30-180µg mL-1, statistically validated for its linearity, precission and accuracy. The intra-and - inter day variation was found to be less than 1% showing high precission of the assay method. It was found that the excipients in the commercial rotocaps did not interfere with the method.


Adult nematogens and rhombogens of Dicyemmenea californica from Octopus bimaculoides were studied with the aid of the electron microscope. Peripheral cells of nematogens and rhombogens showed few ultrastructural differences and their fine details generally confirmed those seen in species of Dicyema by previous investigators (Bresciani and Fenchel, 1965; Ridley, 1968). All of the peripheral cells, including cells of the calotte, parapolar cells, anterior diapolar cells, verruciform posterior diapolar cells, and verruciform uropolar cells had ruffles, which followed a longitudinal helical trajectory. All peripheral cells were ciliated, with the cilia of the calotte more numerous and shorter than those of the trunk. The diapolar cells contained large amounts of glycogen and rough endoplasmic reticulum, not previously seen in electron microscopic studies of this group. Verruciform cells were studied for the first time and were found to contain numerous lysosomes and digestive vacuoles. Ideas on the source of these bodies were presented. The complex interface between the large axial cell and the internal surfaces of peripheral cells was described. Many microvilli extend from the axial cell into chambers delimited by the membrane of the peripheral cell. Large numbers of pinocytic channels and vacuoles were found in cells on both sides of the boundary. The axial cell contains a complex system of mem- branes which form investments about axoblasts and developing vermiform larvae in nematogens and around infusorigens and developing infusoriform larvae in rhombogens. The development of this membrane as an invagination from the surface of the axial cell was discussed. The fine structure of axoblasts was presented. Electron-dense secretory granules, characteristic of resting and proliferative axoblasts, were lacking in axoblasts undergoing development into vermiform larvae.


Domain adaptation aims to transfer knowledge of labeled instances obtained from a source domain to a target domain to fill the gap between the domains. Most domain adaptation methods assume that the source and target domains have the same dimensionality. Methods that are applicable when the number of features for each sample is different in each domain have rarely been studied, especially when no label information is given for the test data obtained from the target domain. In this paper, it is assumed that common features exist in both domains and that extra (new additional) features are observed in the target domain; hence, the dimensionality of the target domain is higher than that of the source domain. To leverage the homogeneity of the common features, the adaptation between the source and target domains is formulated as an optimal transport (OT) problem. In addition, a learning bound in the target domain for the proposed OT-based method is derived. The experiments with simulated and real-world data show that our proposed algorithm is able to obtain better model for the target domain by considering the extra features given for the target domain.


After decades of intensive work in the exegesis of Weber's work, research on this author in Germany led to the characterization of his work on the theme of rationalization. Based on this assumption, a more recent generation of researchers has attempted to formulate a proposal for updating Weberian theory, contrasting it with the principal problems in contemporary sociological analysis. What are the characteristics of this "Weberian paradigm" and how should it be evaluated in light of the contemporary theoretical agenda? Based on these questions, the article examines how the Weberian research program fits into the dispute over the link between agency (micro level) and structure (macro level) in social theory. The second topic of analysis deals with the theory of modernity and evaluates the attempt by its interpreters to unfold Weberian studies from the genesis to the diversification of modernity (multiple modernities).


A review is presented of the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in mammalian skeletal muscle after denervation and reinnervation. These changes are compared with those observed after altered motor function. Also considered is the nature of the trophic influence by which nerves control muscle properties. Topics examined include the membrane and contractile properties of denervated and reinnervated muscle; the cholinergic proteins, such as choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and the acetylcholine receptor; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.


Valuation of ecosystem services through organic carbon distribution and cycling in the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Worak National Park were investigated from January 2013 through December 2013. The amount of carbon allocated to above and below ground biomass was 32.17 and 8.04 ton C . Amount of organic carbon in litter layer was 5.55 ton C . Amount of organic carbon within 50cm soil depth was 58.62 ton C 50cm-. Total amount of organic carbon in this Pinus densiflora forest was estimated to 104.38 ton C . The estimated amount of won in this Pinus densiflora forest in terms of total organic carbon was about 10.44 million won . The amount of carbon evolved through soil respiration was 4.44 ton C . The amount of carbon evolved through microbial respiration and root respiration was 2.18 and 2.27 ton C , respectively. The amount of organic carbon absorbed from the atmosphere of this Pinus densiflora forest was 0.44 ton C when estimated from the difference between net primary production and microbial respiration. This amount will come to about 44,000 won in Korean currency.


The study attempts to investigate the errors found in English essays written by 15 students. The subjects of this study were the fifth semester of English students at Faculty of Humanities, Bung Hatta University. This study uses qualitative method as basic of the research.The aims of this study is to identify the types of errors in the grammatical categories found in the essay writing tasks, as well as analyzing the categorizations of errors that cause to happen the interference of L1. There are some theories used to guide me in analyzing the data, they are Corder (1974) as a founder of error analysis states that error analysis is the part of investigation in learning process of language, Yanti (1997), Gass, (2013). The results show there are a number of types of errors, such as (1) tenses, (2) spelling, (3) gerund, (4) word choice, (5) word order, (6) the verb be. The errors were identified based on the error categorizations, such as from the sentence level errors, the element errors, and the main errors or the source of errors. Keywords: error analysis, interference, grammatical categories, learning process.


Suppression of the impurity gettering (O, C, N, Fe, Cu) on radiation damages in the nitrogen-doped Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si<N>, N content ≤ 5x10 cm) in comparison with usual Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si), was found in the tempera ture range of 450-700 C. Effect was explained by the nitrogen-stimulated defect annihilat ion in Cz-Si<N>. Doping level with nitrogen leads to a very pronounced effect in the case of impla ntation dose of about 2.6x10 14 cm and a relatively weak effect for the case of implantation dose about of 4.4 10 cm. Introduction Nitrogen doping of silicon single crystals has recently attrac ted onsiderable attention, due to an impact of the presence of nitrogen on the grown-in defects in silicon [1-3]. In Czochralski grown silicon nitrogen (a) has a notable effect on the grown-in de fect size (the higher the nitrogen concentration the smaller the defect size) [3]; (b) enhanced oxygen precipitation, that can improve the gettering efficiency in the low thermal budget device proces ses [4]. For floating zone grown crystal small concentration of nitrogen simultaneously suppresse s int rstitial related A-swirl and vacancy related D-defects [5]. Formation of surface pits on SIM OX wafers can be successfully eliminated by utilization of the nitrogen doped Cz-grown wafers with n rogen concentration > 2x10 cm [6]. The defect subsystem of a crystal can be modified by ion i mplantation. The effect of nitrogen dopant on gettering of impurities by defects introduced into Cz chralski grown nitrogen-doped silicon by hydrogen implantation is presented in the report. Experimental details Silicon rod was doped with nitrogen during its growth (Cz-Si<N>, N content ≤ 5x10 cm). The reference nitrogen free Cz-Si wafers were also used in experiments. Cz-Si<N> and Cz-Si samples were implanted with H 2 + (energy of 110 keV and fluence of 4.4x10 16 H/cm). The ion beam contained 94.2% of H 2 + (projected range, R p1 = 500 nm) and 5.8% of H + (Rp2 = 950nm) with the same energy (Fig.1). The samples were annealed at 450 700 C for 5-8 h in a muffle furnace. Metallic contamination was introduced into the samples during anneali g. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements were performed with a Came ca IMS 6F instrument using 8 keV oxygen ion primary beam for detecting metallic species and usi g 14 keV cesium ion beam for detecting H, C and O. Samples implanted with oxygen and hydrogen ions were used for collaboration of concentration of the hydrogen and oxygen in the crystal. T he carbon, iron and copper concentrations were estimated with the use of a relative sensitivity factor. Results Fig 1 presents the hydrogen profiles for Cz-Si<N> samples im planted with hydrogen and annealed at 450 C for 2 hours. Hydrogen profiles for Cz-Si after such annealing are the same. The width of hydrogen profiles is not increased under annealing becaus the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen is high enough for removal of all hydrogen atoms release d from defect complexes during annealing. Increase in annealing time or temperature leads to appe ar nc of the difference in hydrogen concentration in Cz-Si<N> and Cz-S samples. For instance, after annea ling at 700C for Solid State Phenomena Online: 2003-09-30 ISSN: 1662-9779, Vols. 95-96, pp 565-570 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.95-96.565 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-18/03/20,13:31:02) Fig.1. Hydrogen profiles in Cz-Si<N> samples implanted with hydroge n and annealed at 450 C for 2 hours. The hydrogen profiles for as-implanted and annealed Cz-Si samples are th s me. Fig.2. Profiles of the O, H, C and Cu in Cz-Si<N> and Cz-Si samples annealed at 700 C for 5 h. 5 h (Fig.2), the hydrogen peak in Cz-Si<N> was detected only at the H2 + ion projected range R p1. In the case of Cz-Si the hydrogen peaks were revealed both at R p's of the H2 + and H ions, but the peak amplitudes were about one order of magnitude lower than in Cz-Si<N>. F ig.3 demonstrates the temperature dependence of the residual hydrogen concentration in the implanted lay er. Thus, the 200 400 600 80


The number of phonemes varies widely among languages, ranging from about 10 to more than 140. The overall distribution of phonemes is positively skewed and can be reasonably approximated by the lognormal distribution. This distribution is generally associated with multiplicative processes from which model-dependent estimates of the rates of growth of language families and the phoneme inventory of individual languages can be obtained. Using the inventories in UPSID, one simple model is used to show that vowel and consonant inventories differ in their rates of growth. While other appropriate models should be considered, this general approach provides a means of learning more about phoneme change.


We are involved in two interlinked projects, "The community interpreter – a cultural broker"and "Behind closed doors – The significance of community interpreting for guaranteeing legal security and ...


The Business Model Canvas (BMC) assists in the design of companies' business models. As strategies evolve so too does the business model. Unfortunately, each BMC is a standalone representation. Thus, there is a need to be able to describe transformation from one version of a business model to the next as well as to visualize these operations. To address this issue, and to contribute to computer-assisted business model design, we propose a set of design principles for business model evolution. We also demonstrate a tool that can assist in the creation and navigation of business model versions in a visual and user-friendly way.


This thesis consists of two parts. The first part is on rigorous error analysis of exponential convergence of orthogonal polynomial approximations under analytic assumption. The second part is on time-domain computation of scattering problems governed by wave equations and time-dependent Maxwell's equations. The spectral method employs global orthogonal polynomials or Fourier complex exponentials as basis functions, so it enjoys high-order accuracy (with only a few basis functions), if the underlying function is smooth (and periodic in the Fourier case). The typical algebraic order of convergence (i.e., O(n−r), where n is the number of polynomial basis functions, and r is related to the Sobolevregularity of the underlying function), is well documented in various monographs on spectral methods. It is widely accepted that if the function under consideration is sufficiently smooth or analytic, the convergence rate is of exponential order O(q) (for constant 0 < q < 1). However, there appear significantly less investigation and very limited discussions of such error bounds (mostly mentioned, but not proved e.g., in [41, 113, 17]). In the first part of the thesis, we provide error estimates for Jacobi polynomial expansions and Jacobi-Gauss-type interpolation of analytic functions (characterized by Bernstein ellipse Eρ with ρ > 1). More precisely, we derive error bounds of the type: C(n)Mρ−n with ρ > 1, where M is the maximum value of the analytic function on the Bernstein ellipse, and where we specify the explicit dependence of C(n) on n and involved parameters. Moreover, the bounds are valid for small n, and are significantly tighter than existing ones. We also discuss superconvergence


Near‐infrared imaging and spectroscopy have revealed a rich collection of stars whose character are now being understood as the result of several epochs of star formation. The collection of objects known as IRS16 may be intermediate temperature supergiants which need not contribute significantly to the ionizing radiation present in the central few parsecs.


A timeout problem occurs when multiple jobs with increasing data are concurrently competing for limited computing resources. Adopting a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, this work proposes a parallel processing scheme to improve the efficiency of job execution based on available virtual machines. In this scheme, a map-reduce like architecture with cache preloading is presented to execute the jobs according to the PSO scheduled execution plan. The results of a material control system case show that the mean time for executing reporting jobs has been reduced by using cache preloading. Especially, the constraint of the time to job completion can be maintained by using this proposed scheme by adding the number of parallel virtual machines in the map-reduce like architecture to answer increasing of the processing data.


Lower hybrid cavities (LHC', i. e., small‐scale density depletions coinciding with enhanced lower hybrid waves, are frequent in the upper ionosphere. It is found that they exist in all regions the Freja satellite has scanned, as long as lower hybrid waves are present. They are found most frequently at magnetic latitudes between 55° to 65°, preferably on the morning side. In the auroral oval, the LHCs do not occur as densely as at lower latitudes but they usually form larger structures.


At the present, demand of electric power progressively increas, therefore product of electric power have to with quality and have high reliability. The biggest trouble in electric power system happened in distribution and transmission lines, and trouble which often happened is lightning stroke. This matter because of Indonesia are in Katulistiwa with tropical climate and high humidity, so that Indonesia have hight number of lightning stroke. In this final project will make simulation of lightning stroke and lightning arrester performance on distribution lines 20 kV using EMTP (Electromagnetic Transient Program), that will make observation about lightning stroke. As case study,we will used main feeder Mojosongo 1 20 kV, three phase lines. From simulation of lightning stroke 20 kA in By1-61-61E-84-9I on S phase at 0,1 ms, will experience of increase of voltage on S phase was 1.304,4 kV and for R phase and T phase will experience of increase of induced voltage were 794,83 kV and 804,28 kV. Then we will see performance of MOV Arrester (Metal Oxide Varistor) in overcoming lightning stroke trouble, where arrester can decreasing voltage till 15,198 kV on S phase, while at R phase and T phase arrester can decreace voltage till 11,376 kV and 13,616 kV. Kata kunci : Distribution lines 20 kV, lightning arrester, lightning strok


Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), delivered by an implantable, programmable pulse generator (Cyberonics, Inc, Houston, TX), is effective in reducing the frequency, duration, and/or intensity of seizures in patients with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. The use of VNS as a potential treatment for psychiatric disorders is of particular interest given the known neuroanatomic and neurochemical effects of VNS. The first study of VNS for a psychiatric indication reported positive, although preliminary, results in a cohort of 30 patients with treatment-resistant depressive episodes treated openly (A. J. Rush, M. S. George, H. A. Sackeim, et al., Biol Psychiatry 2000;47:276–86). This article reviews the rationale and initial data regarding the use of VNS as a novel treatment for depression.


Describes statistical methods applied to two‐sample significance tests. Discusses independent, related and paired samples, Wilcoxon, sign, Mann‐Whitney U and t‐tests and illustrates their application.


Gender equality is an outcome of modern times which is progressively gaining social, political and legal significance, and is now assuming new dimensions. Are men and women equal? Who is superior: man or woman? Is woman an inferior being? These and many other questions are being constantly debated in the public domain. While they may seem to be diverse, these questions converge around a common theme: the issue of gender equality. Though secular law recognizes and protects the rights of women, yet the issue of gender justice continues to dominate legal thought and attract the attention of organizations working for the empowerment of women. Attempts are now being made to elevate their status by recognizing their rights. In fact, one can say with some confidence that in contemporary times, there hardly seems any law which favors men at the cost of women, while the reverse may be a possibility, viz., Article 15 (3) of the Constitution. Similarly, the Islamic legal system has also been sensitive towards gender-balanced reforms. However, it is now being labeled as a system which does not understand the position of women adequately, and consequently a Muslim woman's condition is often portrayed as pathetic. Classical interpretations of Islamic law are seen as antiquated and unable to fulfil the needs of modern Muslim women. Slogans that Islam infringes on the rights of women and blocks all their ways towards liberation has become an accepted normative. The present paper is an attempt to analyze this normative understanding and in the process offer a more nuanced interpretation of Islamic legal system, especially on the gender question.


The reactive planning,which is an important component in grid planning,is significant in ensuring safe and secure operation of the grid.The new method for 500 kV grid reactive planning of East China is proposed which includes reasonable classification of the grid,reactive balancing and calculation of static reactive compensation demand based on power flow computations,and rationality checking of dynamic reactive reserve and static reactive compensation through calculations of short-term voltage stability based on various fault analysis and long-term voltage stability based on PV curves.


In the E-157 experiment now being conducted at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, a 30 GeV electron beam of 2×1010 electrons in a 0.65-mm-long bunch is propagated through a 1.4-m-long lithium plasma of density up to 2×1014 e−/cm3. The initial beam density is greater than the plasma density, and the head of the bunch expels the plasma electrons leaving behind a uniform ion channel with transverse focusing fields of up to several thousand tesla per meter. The initial transverse beam size with σ=50–100 μm is larger than the matched size of 5 μm resulting in up to three beam envelope oscillations within the plasma. Time integrated optical transition radiation is used to study the transverse beam profile immediately before and after the plasma and to characterize the transverse beam dynamics as a function of plasma density. The head of the bunch deposits energy into plasma wakes, resulting in longitudinal accelerating fields which are witnessed by the tail of the same bunch. A time-resolved Cherenkov imag...


ABSTRACT This paper introduces the notion of taste for teaching a subject, especially science, as a conceptual framework to analyse the aesthetics of teacher development as a lifelong process. We draw on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and John Dewey in order to account for how teachers distinguish admirable practices and, in doing so, distinguish themselves as inspiring professionals. In order to illustrate this framework, we report a narrative inquiry on the life story of Tomas, a white man nationally prized for his science teaching. This inquiry was inspired by sociological portraits recommended by Bernard Lahire. Results indicate how a practical disposition (as opposed to a theoretical one) played an important role in developing Tomas's individual taste for science teaching, producing a strong continuity between his early experiences as a masculine boy raised in a family of construction workers, on the one hand, and his later experiences as a biologist and a science teacher enacting inquiry-based activities. The significance of the findings for science education is discussed.


Based on the strong influence that national culture has on corporate social and responsibility (CSR) actions (institutional theory), it is necessary to study how the financial outcomes of CSR actions could be affected by these cultural characteristics. This fact is particularly interesting for managers whose companies operate in different cultures given that they have to deal with this aspect. The aim of this paper is to analyze the moderator role that national culture could have on the CSR and firm performance (CSR-FP) relationship through a meta-analysis, hence helping to clarify the debate existing about this relationship in the literature. The results show that this relationship is greatly affected by national culture. In this sense, countries with a high assertiveness and gender egalitarianism show a very negative relationship. Nevertheless, those with a higher future orientation, institutional collectivism, and a humane orientation reveal a positive correlation which reaches its maximum value in those countries with a high uncertainty avoidance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment


Some leading cadres in Wenzhou Municipaity, Zhejian refuse to practice birth control instead of supporting this effort. The wife of Comrade Lin Xiannen, a member of the Standing Committee of the party municipal committee, gave birth to a 3rd child last March. Up to now, they have refused to practice birth control. Wang Danwen, a member of the provincial revolutionary committee and deputy director of the municipal posts and telecommunications bureau, did not break the news that she was pregnant with her 3rd child until the 8th month of her pregnancy. Following the example of these leading cadres, Lin Xiaohua, a cadre of the Wenzhou prefectural intermediate court of justice, and Sun Lianfang (a party member and cadre) gave birth to their 3rd child. These cases have been reported many times to the municpal committee leadership. In Wenzhou Municipality at this time, many young people got married too early and many young women are pregnant too early. The actions that were subsequently taken against the cadres who refused to practice birth control and were having too many children are outlined. The fundamental reason why birth control work in Wenzhou is lagging behind is that some cadres fail to practice family planning and urge their sons and daughters to marry too early. According to an investigation, 496 of the 728 cadres, or 68.1%, in 6 areas in Ruian County have 3 or more children.


The space charge interaction in a beam can be approximated by summing the scattering between all possible pairs of electrons in the beam. An efficient algorithm is presented for the exact solution to the two‐body Coulomb scattering problem. This algorithm is incorporated into a Monte Carlo program to simulate the effects of space charge in electron‐beam lithography systems. The results of this algorithm are compared to those obtained using a numerical integration of the Coulomb interaction for the N‐body problem. We demonstrate that this approach accurately models the detailed physics for beam currents common to many state‐of‐the‐art e‐beam lithography systems.


This project use more in structural design of super large section "cantilever beam" structure.For these situations,by optimizing the cantilever beam structure of templates and their supporting systems,strengthening the whole construction process monitoring,ensuring that the cantilever beam formwork and its supporting system with sufficient strength,rigidity and stability to meet the requirements for design and construction.


Recent events have sparked a debate over the effects of increased dairy imports on the U.S. dairy industry. This study attempts to estimate these impacts via an econometric model of the U.S. dairy sector. The time paths of adjustment of consumption, production, and price of specific dairy products and raw milk are estimated under three alternative levels of manufactured milk product imports. The analysis suggests that much larger than historically "normal" import levels are required to bring about a substantial impact upon the dairy industry in the longer run.


Thin core wall earth-rock dams were built in some provinces where lack of glue clay,such as Hubei,Jiangxi,Shanxi and et al..Due to kinds of reasons,a lot of them were deformed and seepage happened,while there are some difficulty in rehabilitation.In the rehabilitation of Yuling reservoir,spitting grouting was adopted and the effect proved to be good,worthy reference to similar projects.


Aproaerema modicella (Deventer), Aproaerema simplexella (Walker) and Stomopteryx subsecivella (Zeller, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are micro moth (Micro‐Lepidoptera) pests of groundnut and soya bean that have been described as different species on different continents. Recent DNA analyses of these species suggest that they are conspecific. Here, a review with emphasis on the genetics, biology, ecology and known host plant preferences of this apparent species is given. We argue, through the genetic/DNA data and analyses, that the three species should be grouped as a single species. The review ends by highlighting the areas that need further research to confirm our hypothesis.


Abstract Religious education refers to basic, sacred texts. Education also has basic, secular texts. 'Back to basics' should include basic values which are found in human rights instruments. Human rights are sometimes erroneously referred to as a Western and Northern values system, but the article notes an Islamic tradition of acknowledging human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 ushered in a multiplicity of human rights texts that are international and which educators can confidently use as standards in any circumstances. In schools in which linguistic, cultural, religious and ethnic pluralism is a fact of life, these principles are helpful guidelines for conduct and policy. All major human rights texts start with a reaffirmation of a commitment to equality of rights and equality of dignity. Programmes to develop race or gender equality and to enhance opportunities for those with special needs and disabilities are essentially concerned with human rights.