Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party has used publicly displayed propaganda art as a means of maintaining power. During the early years of the PRC, propaganda posters played a large role in establishing a cult of personality around Mao Zedong. Today's propaganda art seeks primarily to garner popular support for President Xi Jinping's "China Dream" campaign. The China Dream, popularized by Xi in 2012, is a nebulous concept that shares many of the materialistic components of the "American Dream," but simultaneously—and more importantly—emphasizes the Chinese nation's rejuvenation to a position of wealth and power. China Dream art deviates significantly from Mao era posters and ideology by heavily incorporating ancient Confucian concepts and images. The art focuses not on communist values, but on moralistic ones drawn from the teachings of Confucius that emphasize hierarchy and filial piety. This paper argues that China Dream art is being used not only to create a new source of legitimacy for the Communist Party, but also to establish a cult of personality around President Xi Jinping. As a result, China is transforming into a leader state where the relationship between Xi Jinping and the people is becoming a relationship between ruler and ruled. Propaganda art has long been an important means of political communication and expression in China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has used publicly displayed propaganda art as a means of retaining its power and ideological legitimacy. During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), propaganda art–mainly posters (haibao 海报)–played a key role in establishing a cult of personality around Mao Zedong. The legacy of propaganda poster art is still present in contemporary 1Brian Hart is a Senior at Wake Forest University majoring in Politics and International Affairs with minors in History and Chinese Language and Culture. Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping 5 Volume IX Spring 2016 China. Today's propaganda art seeks primarily to garner support for President Xi Jinping's "China Dream" (zhongguo meng 中国梦) campaign. The China Dream, popularized by Xi during a speech in 2012, is a nebulous concept that shares many of the materialistic components of the "American Dream," but simultaneously— and more importantly—emphasizes China's rejuvenation as a nation with wealth and power (fuqiang 富强). Since the fall of the Qing Empire in 1911, China's leaders have dreamed of restoring the Chinese nation to its former glory. The China Dream is Xi Jinping's contribution towards this goal. After Xi first proposed the concept of the China Dream in a speech in 2012, China Dream propaganda art began appearing in cities across China. In some of the largest cities, especially Beijing, the art effectively dominates many public spaces. This paper uncovers the role that China Dream propaganda art plays in creating a cult of personality around President Xi Jinping. To do this, it first uses contemporary social and political evidence to show that a cult of personality is forming around Xi. It then interprets the proliferation of China Dream propaganda art both within the historical context of Mao era propaganda art and within the context of the contemporary Chinese political and social climate. It demonstrates that the propaganda art of the Mao era and today's China Dream art share two key aims: propagating Party ideology as a means of retaining legitimacy and creating a cult of personality around the top national leader. However, the implementation of the two exhibits key differences. First, China Dream propaganda art deviates significantly from that of the Mao era because it relies not on the communist values of that period, but on moralistic ones drawn from Confucian teachings emphasizing hierarchy and filial piety. This is because as China continues to liberalize its economy, and economic growth slows, it needs to find new sources of ideological legitimacy. Second, unlike the art of the Mao era, which depicted the figure of Mao on a vast number of posters, China Dream art typically contains no direct references or depictions of Xi Jinping. Because Xi's image is not typically directly invoked in China Dream art, demonstrating that the art helps to create Xi's personality cult requires a deeper level of analysis. Grounding its analysis in the theory of "leader symbols," this paper argues that China Dream art is a powerful and ambiguous leader symbol that continuously constructs and shapes Xi's personality cult. This paper is not the first to claim that Xi Jinping's immense power is tantamount to a cult of personality.2 However, its argument is unique in its assess2 "The Power of Xi Jinping," The Economist, September 2014, http://www.economist.com/ 6 Cornell International Affairs Review Volume IX Spring 2016 ment of the centrality that China Dream propaganda art plays in constructing Xi's personality cult. Lastly, this paper argues that Xi Jinping's massive accumulation of political power and the building up of his personality cult are creating a leader state in which the fundamental relationship between the Chinese state and its citizens is changing. The results of this process will have significant implications for both China and the world. This research employs multiple sources and methodologies. Most importantly, it draws on primary photographic evidence of China Dream propaganda art that I collected during field research in China from May to August 2015. While in China, I traveled to five cities: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing, and Qufu. These cities were specifically chosen for methodological purposes to account for variation in their historical, cultural, political, and economic characteristics. Shenzhen, located just across the mainland's border with Hong Kong, was China's first Special Economic Zone and one of its most successful ones. Known popularly as "China's Silicon Valley," Shenzhen's population has grown rapidly to about 11 million as migrants move to work in its massive manufacturing and technology industries.3 Shanghai was included because it is one of China's most populous and economically developed cities. It is one of China's most globalized cities, primarily due to it business activity and human capital.4 This puts it in stark contrast with China's less developed, more rural cities. Nanjing was chosen because it has a medium-sized population of around 7 million, and also has a notable history as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. Beijing was chosen for obvious reasons: it is China's second most populous city after Shanghai, and it is the capital city of China. Beijing is the seat of power from which the CCP governs. As such, I expected to find the greatest amount of China Dream propaganda here; indeed, the presence of China Dream posters in Beijing far exceeded that of any other city. Last, Qufu was selected because, in addition to being a very rural city with a small population, it is famous for being the hometown of Confucius. Given China Dream propaganda's emphasis on Confucianism, this offered the potential for interesting variance in its propanews/china/21618882-cult-personality-growing-around-chinas-president-what-will-he-do-hispolitical. 3 Shenzhen Municipal Government, "Overview," accessed January 29, 2016, http://english. sz.gov.cn/gi/. 4 Hales et al. Global Cities 2015: The Race Accelerates (Chicago: A.T. Kearney Inc, 2015), 4. Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping 7 Volume IX Spring 2016 ganda art. In addition to primary sources of China Dream art, this paper also relies on the informal conversations that I had with Chinese citizens. These conversations were not formal interviews and were not designed to account for variation among different people; they are simply used to provide context. I also reference scholarly and journalistic sources to provide additional evidence of Xi Jinping's growing political and social influence and the development of a personality cult. To ground the paper's theoretical claims, it builds on the theory of "leader symbols," which was developed by Jae-Cheon Lim. While Lim's work focuses on the personality cult of North Korean leaders, it provides a helpful theoretical lens through which to interpret and analyze propaganda art in China. Cult of personalIty: ConteXt and theory Since assuming power in 2012, Xi Jinping has amassed more centralized authority than any Chinese leader since Mao Zedong. He has taken on the traditional roles of "Paramount Leader": President of the PRC, General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. However, he has also become the head of two newly created bodies: the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and the National Security Commission. In doing so he has gained direct control over the central state and Party apparatuses. Most notably, immediately after assuming office, Xi announced a major new campaign to root out corruption within the Party. In addition to being widely popular among the Chinese public, these anti-corruption reforms have also been used as a tactic for centralizing power under Xi so that he can pursue greater reforms in the future.5 Does Xi's immense power warrant the label of a personality cult? There is no greater example of a cult of personality than the cult of Mao Zedong, the founder of the People's Republic of China and long-time leader of the Communist Party. In his book Mao Cult: Rhetoric and Rituals in China's Cultural Revolution, Daniel Leese lists some of the characteristics of the Mao cult: "Daily reading of Mao's Little Red Book ..., confessions of possible thought crimes in front of Mao's 5 Wang Xiangwei, "Good Start but Drastic Reforms Unlikely," in The China Renaissance: The Rise of Xi Jinping and the 18th Communist Party Congress, ed. Jonathan Sharp (Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Pu


This study addresses the issue of home schooling in our state and our nation. Benefits and disadvantages associated with home schooling are discussed. Guidelines for planning a successful home schooling program are outlined for parents. Conclusions were drawn from the literature review, and recommendations were made for the future of home schooling. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/grp/1048


The aim of the experimental research was to determine the impact of changes in the air-fuel equivalence ratio during the combustion of wood pellet in the boiler on the CO and NOX emissions. In order to realize the tests, 10 kW wood pellet boiler equipped with a dedicated wood pellet burner was employed. On the basis of the research, the relationship between the level of harmful substances emitted under the influence of changes in the air-fuel equivalence ratio was presented. The obtained results and conclusions based on them can be used to optimize the design of heating devices fed by wood pellets.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-112748-43253?filename=The Emission of CO and.pdf


Particle swarm optimization (PSO) (Kennedy & Eberhart, 1995) and differential evolution (DE) (Storn & Price, 1995) are two stochastic, population-based optimization methods, which have been applied successfully to a wide range of problems as summarized in Engelbrecht (2005) and Price et al. (2005). A number of variations of both PSO and DE have been developed in the past decade to improve the performance of these algorithms (Engelbrecht, 2005; Price et al. 2005). One class of variations includes hybrids between PSO and DE, where the advantages of the two approaches are combined. The barebones DE (BBDE) is a PSO-DE hybrid algorithm proposed by Omran et al. (2007) which combines concepts from the barebones PSO (Kennedy 2003) and the recombination operator of DE. The resulting algorithm eliminates the control parameters of PSO and replaces the static DE control parameters with dynamically changing parameters to produce an almost parameter-free, self-adaptive, optimization algorithm. Recently, opposition-based learning (OBL) was proposed by Tizhoosh (2005) and was successfully applied to several problems (Rahnamayan et al., 2008). The basic concept of OBL is the consideration of an estimate and its corresponding opposite estimate simultaneously to approximate the current candidate solution. Opposite numbers were used by Rahnamayan et al. (2008) to enhance the performance of Differential Evolution. In addition, Han and He (2007) and Wang et al. (2007) used OBL to improve the performance of PSO. However, in both cases, several parameters were added to the PSO that are difficult to tune. Wang et al. (2007) used OBL during swarm initialization and in each iteration with a user-specified probability. In addition, Cauchy mutation is applied to the best particle to avoid being trapping in local optima. Similarly, Han and He (2007) used OBL in the initialization phase and also during each iteration. However, a constriction factor is used to enhance the convergence speed. In this chapter, OBL is used to improve the performance of PSO and BBDE without adding any extra parameter. The performance of the proposed methods is investigated when applied to several benchmark functions. The experiments conducted show that OBL improves the performance of both PSO and BBDE. The remainder of the chapter is organized as follows: PSO is summarized in Section 2. DE is presented in Section 3. Section 4 provides an overview of BBDE. OBL is briefly reviewed in


The utility model relates to an adjustable work table which comprises a base and a work table surface, wherein a stanchion is fixed on the base and a spiral arm rod is hinged between the work table surface and the stanchion. A grab rope and a pneumatic spring controlling the action of the mechanism are arranged between the work table surface and the top end of the stanchion. The utility model is an adjustable work table which has simple structure and can realize continuously synchronous adjustment for elevation, horizontal positions and the angle of the table surface.


Plastex S.A. is a company dedicated to produce all kinds of pieces of polystyrene and polyurethane. In an effort to better serve their customers and to protect their products, to reach their destination, they have implemented a packaging area. The production is packed by hand, which means a waste of time and material. It is for this that the company requires a semi-automatic packaging machine that reduces the losses and be able to wrap the maximum amount of products. This project shows the process of designing and building such a machine.


According to the viewpoint of Functional Equivalence,the principle of poem translation is to reappear the effect of the original.Poem is a beautiful graphic thinking art,which concentrates taste and sentiment,and it is beautiful artistic conception.Its forms contain rhythms and tropes that transfer beauty.Poem translation is to report the artistic conception of the poem in different languages and succeeds in hypotaxis and parataxis.


In lots of lightweight applications, constructions are also made by honeycomb sandwiches but little is known about failure and dynamic behavior of sandwich plate connections. In this research, an experimental and simulation study of the mechanical and failure behavior of honeycomb sandwich plates and joints are performed. In detail, series of tensile test have been conducted under quasi static conditions and failure behavior and resistance of the specimens are investigated. The specimens are made by phenolic resin‐impregnated aramid paper as core and two different layers of glass fiber reinforced plastic as face sheets in each side. In addition to the experimental tests, numerical simulation with finite element models are performed in Abaqus. Failure modes are investigated and finally a good agreement between test data and simulation results is achieved. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The numerical dispersion relation governing the propagation of homogeneous plane waves in a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) grid is well known. However, homogeneous plane waves, by themselves, do not form a complete basis set capable of representing all valid field distributions. A complete basis set is obtained by including inhomogeneous waves, where, in the physical world, constant phase planes must be orthogonal to constant amplitude planes for lossless media. In this paper, me present a dispersion analysis for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves in the Yee FDTD grid. We show that, in general, the constant amplitude and constant phase planes of inhomogeneous plane waves are not orthogonal, but they approach orthogonality for fine discretization. The dispersion analysis also shows that, for very coarsely resolved fields, homogeneous waves will experience exponential decay as they propagate and they may propagate faster than the speed of light. Bounds are established for the speed of propagation within the grid, as well as the highest frequency and the shortest wavelength that can be coupled into the grid. Analysis is restricted to the classic Yee algorithm, but a similar approach can be used to analyze other time-domain finite-difference methods.


The utilization of flue gas waste heat is an important measure to improve the power efficiency of coal-fired units. Traditional method is to arrange the heating surface after the air preheater, which can just recover the low-grade heat, low efficiency. For the engineering practice of a 1000MW double-reheat unit, three feasible schemes are proposed, namely scheme 1 "two-stage gas cooler plus cold air heater", scheme 2 "air preheater bypass + two-stage flue gas cooler plus cold air heating" and scheme 3 "air preheater bypass + hot primary air temperature adjustment plus two-stage flue gas cooler plus cold air heater". For the sake of evaluating the actual effects of different schemes objectively, the thermal characteristic calculation model of the four-part rotary air preheater was established by finite difference method, and then the effect of the inlet air temperature and the share of bypass flue gas on the thermal efficiency of the boiler were studied. The equivalent enthalpy drop method was used to establish the thermal characteristic model of steam turbine, and the influence of different heat distribution modes on the heat consumption rate of steam turbine was studied.. Considering the technical economy, the optimal bypass flue gas share of this scheme is 12%, which corresponds to the reduction of coal consumption for power supply of the unit by about 3.23g/kWh. Taking into account comprehensively, scheme 3 is recommended.


these state-protected environments, whereby production of material and/or symbolic capital – and not the promotion of scientific research – was the central aim of conservation efforts (pp. 106–118). Yet, one of the most interesting aspects of this compelling work lies in its ability to display how the park has also been the stage for a clash between local and national stakeholders, a clash that did not end with the Fascist era but continues into the present-day Italian Republic (p. 158). Indeed, such conflicts surrounding environmental conservation efforts are bound to occur where local traditions and practices come up against global interests and influences. From this perspective, A Monastery for the Ibex is not only a convincing reconstruction of a specific portion of Italian environmental history but also a very much welcomed contribution, from an Italian perspective, to the contemporary larger debate on the entanglement of cultural, political, and ecological issues.


Having radial curing equipment (1), the curing device (1) comprises a mobile section: a base plate (3) supporting a bottom shell-molding the tire side wall (2), - support for analog the adjacent portion of the top plate axially movable tire made housing a top side (4) (5), - comprising an inner surface inclined axially movable closed loop (7), - a plurality of circumferentially disposed upwardly section (10), said section (10) comprises a radially inner surface of the liner for molding the tire tread (11) and a radially outer portion of said inclined segment (10) (14) to cooperate with the following : · axial movement of the closed loop of the first coupling means (7) of the coupling (30), said first coupling means (30) prepared in such a manner that the closed loop (7) causes segment portions (10) radial movement, and - the segment (10) coupling the second coupling means (20) of the top plate (5) to said second coupling means (20) capable (10) is connected to the top plate portion (5) and allow section (10) and top plate (5) is moved in the radial direction, - the second coupling means (20) can be adjusted to accommodate the circumference of the top plate (5).


Turkey has political stability problem for many years. From the establishment of the Turkish Republic, 57 Goverments have been come to the power. The avarage life of the cabinet takes 1,5 years. If we evaluate the period after the mulli political parties established this topic will become more important. Instability causes other problems like economical ones. Political parties could not have put in to effect their programmes but the responsibles of the failure couldn't find. Due to these reasons, the discussion of the political system became a current issue. In this study, by mentioning these problems we have evaluated the Presidental System for Turkey.


Purpose: This study determined the optimal mixing amount of beet powder and white bean paste for the preparation of Yanggaeng. Methods: The experiment was designed according to the central composite design of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In order to develop the optimized Yanggaeng using RSM, beet powder (X1) and white bean paste (X2) were the set as independent variables, and the quality characteristics [water content (Y1), pH (Y2), sugar content (Y3), color L (Y4), color a (Y5), and color b (Y6)] and sensory evaluation [color (Y7), appearance (Y8), beet aroma (Y9), sweetness (Y10), flavor (Y11), tenderness (Y12), moistness (Y13), chewiness (Y14), and overall acceptability (Y15)] were set as the dependent variables. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for the quality characteristics and sensory evaluation except for the water content (Y1), pH (Y2) and sugar content (Y3). The optimum mixing amount, which was calculated using numerical and graphical methods, was determined to be beet powder (X1) 3 grams and white bean paste (X2) 110 grams. Conclusion: We believe that Yanggaeng prepared with beet powder will contribute to the development of a functional snack for elderly people that is easy to chew.


research study discuss about the impact of intrinsic motivation on organizational commitment among Islamic Bank employee. Islamic banking is a new phenomenon in the Asian countries as Pakistan; particularly in this decade, with the aim to implement Shariah based Human resource practices and their implementation. In this study, the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment was studied. Questionnaire survey was used as a primary data tool to gather information from the unit of analysis, which were individual employee of the Islamic Banks. The results of the research study show that there exists the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment. The reasons for this significance were the difference in behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions of the employees.


Contrastive learning is a self-supervised learning method used to learn the general features of a dataset without labels by letting the model learn which data points are similar or different. It constructs labeled samples through data augmentation. Therefore, the core and difficulty of self-supervised contrastive learning are to construct high-quality contrastive samples, especially negative sample pairs. In this paper, a cluster-based contrast sample selection method is proposed, which selects the positive contrast samples from the same cluster and the negative contrast samples from different clusters. By minimizing the forward contrast sample loss and maximizing the reverse sample loss, the deep representation clustering result of the image is obtained. The experimental results show the excellence and adaptability of the algorithm.


Wang Fuzhi was the synthesizer of ideologies of body philosophy in ancient China.He synthesized Chinese philosophy of human body by returning the Tao to its original shape in terms of phenomenalism and practicality,by projecting human body as the subject of universe in Chinese philosophy,by vividly presenting the established male and female nature of the Yin and Yang through returning this ontology to its original shape and by making it theoretically necessary to vivify time in his theory with the affirmation of human body and sexes.All these made Wang's theory of human body distinctive from the former Confucianist body theory and opened the frontier for the "post-Confucianism" in the Ming and the Qing Dynasty to return to the traditional Taoist body thinking in ancient China.


Seven leading experts examine various aspects of the Agreement and consider whether it fulfils its expected role with respect to intergovernmental relations and social policy, whether it is a viable arrangement given the non-participation of one of its partners, and whether it should be renewed and under what conditions. Contributors include Christian Dufour (ENAP), Roger Gibbins (Canada West Foundation), Alain Noel (Universite de Montreal), Susan Phillips (Carleton University), Michael Prince (University of Victoria), Bruno Theret (Universite de Paris, Dauphine), and Yves Vaillancourt (UQAM).


Previous studies have indicated that human oral and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) possess separate receptors for IgG and IgA antibody and that a significant proportion of these cells appear to possess both receptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the receptors for IgA in PMN phagocytosis. Human PMN were prepared from peripheral blood by gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-Hypaque and subsequent dextran sedimentation of the PMNerythrocyte pellet. Ox red blood cells (ORBC] were sensitized with either rabbit serum IgG or rabbit colostral IgA antibodies or both and washed prior to use as target cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and ORBC target cells were incubated at a 1:10 ratio for 10 minutes at 37" C, centrifuged, and reincubated for an additional 20 minutes. The supernatant was removed, lysing buffer was added to remove extracellular ORBC, and cytocentrifuge slides were prepared. The percentage of phagocytosis was evaluated by counting the number of positive PMN per 100 PMN on Wright's stained slides. The results indicated that blood PMN could bind ORBC coated with IgA, but could not phagocytize these target cells. IgA was able, however, to enhance IgG-mediated phagocytosis. The percentage of cells that phagocytized ORBC was increased two to three fold by the addition of IgA antibodies to ORBC sensitized with suboptimal amounts of IgG. The average number of phagocytized ORBC per PMN was also increased using these target cells. Additional studies indicated that both isotypes must be on the same target cell to obtain enhanced phagocytosis, and that IgM antibody was not capable of enhancing IgG-mediated phagocytosis. The data suggest that during the process of phagocytosis the receptor for IgA on peripheral blood PMN may have functional characteristics similar to those of the PMN receptor for complement; that is, the receptor for IgA plays a role in attachment of IgA-sensitized target cells, but does not trigger ingestion of the target cells. In addition, these receptors also appear to be able to mediate enhancement of IgG-mediated phagocytosis. effectively lowering the IgG dose necessary for optimal phagocytosis. Thus, IgA-mediated enhancement of PMN phagocytosis may play an important role in host defense of oral mucosal surfaces that are bathed with both IgA and IgG antibodies.


Legal anthropology is a new branch of jurisprudence, the data of which allows objective diagnosing recent special legal theories and teachings, practical and application conclusions, and proposals of the science of law.


Two identities are established for moments of nonnegative random variables in terms of multiple integrals or sums of survival probabilities. Some applications are indicated.


GaN as one typical representative of the third generation semiconductor materials is considered to be a perfect candidate for high-frequency semiconductor power devices due to its features such as wide bandgap and high critical electric field.By using a loadpull/sourepull method,a S-band GaN wide-bandgap power amplifier(10 W) is designed and fabricated based on the Agilent ADS software to investigate the properties of GaN power amplifier.The design procedure for the power amplifier is illustrated in detail.The power amplifier was tested.The test results show that the output power over 15W and power added efficiency(PAE) above 67% can be realized by the designed amplifier at the range of 2.3~2.4 GHz,and prove that the GaN wide-bandgap power device has the characteristics of high gain and high efficiency.


The article pointed out that the present research on Tang Dynasty polo has often neglected the sports attire.By reviewing the ancient literature,the author has discovered that"the sports attire" really existed in the Tang Dynasty and its influence was profound.Therefore the article textually researched the shaping and making the sports attire of the ancient times,through using Dunhuang(敦煌) literature,mural and the unearthed artifacts,and then proposed an accurate name: "que kua jin ao zi" "缺胯锦袄子".


The utility model relates to an oil-gas separator. The oil-gas separator is characterized in that the bottom of a base is provided with a return opening, the side face of the base is provided with an air inlet and a pressure relief port, the base is internally provided with a relief valve cavity, and the pressure relief port is communicated with the relief valve cavity; the relief valve cavity is internally provided with a relief valve diaphragm, a gasket and a relief valve spring as well as a rear fixing relief valve gland successively, the base is internally provided with a filtering element, and the side face of a control valve base is provided with an air outlet; and the control valve base is internally provided with a control valve spring and a control valve diaphragm as well as a rear fixing control valve gland, and the control valve base is hermetically connected with the base. A control valve, a relief valve and a filtering element device are organically combined together, the design is ingenious, and the oil-gas separator can be used for a closed cycle system for discharging gas of an automobile crankcase.


A 63-year-old nonsmoking man presented to clinic with a 2-year history of cough. The cough was dry, was worse at night, and began after an upper respiratory tract infection and a trip to South America.


A single-syllable antonym shows the parallelism on combination by kind under a static state, and the non-parallelism on syntax combination under a dynamic state. There are the following reasons: the adequate principle for efficiency and economical effect; the exaggeration psychology with prominence and initiative; the mutual principle for integrity and harmony; the grammatical characteristics of flexibility and random with the lack of forms.


Guide to selecting technology tools based on your learning design for online or face-to-face courses Next step in assignment design using tech: Use Bloom's to Create Objectives and Activities


Kiva Field produces oil and associated gas from carbonate buildups in the Upper Ismay zone of the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation at a depth of 5,700 ft. The stratigraphic trap is formed by a lithologic change within the Upper Ismay zone from a limestone and dolomite reservoir facies to a thick off-mound anhydrite facies. The estimated ultimate recovery under water flood is 3,106 MBO and 3,689 MMCFG. Cumulative production from Kiva Field as of September 1994, is 2,133 MBO and 3,146 MMCFG. The 1984 discovery of Kiva Field was the result of a geologic model that was confirmed by conventional high-resolution 2-D seismic data. After the confirmation well flowed 1,050 BOPD and 750 MCFGPD from the Upper Ismay, Meridian Oil and BWAB acquired a 3-D seismic survey over the possible extent of the new field. Conventional, high frequency 2-D seismic data shot over an exploration prospect are compared with the later 3-D survey acquired for field development. The 3-D data image the porous part of the algal mound and illustrate mound morphology. The conventional 2-D strike line images the crest of the mound from out-of-the-plane (sideswipe) reflections, whereas migration of the 3-D data volume places the image of the mound into its proper position. The ability to image prospective algal mounds using high-quality seismic data makes these shallow oil and gas reservoirs an attractive exploration target.


The measured main points and influence factors of electric-conductivity of copper and copper alloy were studied in this article.Also,a new measurement method-circular movement of a fluid was recommended.


In recent years, a realization that networks are ubiquitous in the natural and engineered worlds has led to a burgeoning interest in finding commonalities in their structures and dynamics. Here, we introduce a new design focus in this science of networks by proposing generic methods for synthesizing network controllers that exploit the topological structure. That is, we motivate a canonical controller synthesis problem for networks that has applications in such diverse areas as virus-spreading control and air traffic flow management. We address this design problem by using new techniques from decentralized control theory. Specifically, we mesh optimization machinery together with eigenvalue sensitivity and graph theory notions to identify general structural features of optimally actuated networks. From these features, we are in turn able to explicitly construct high-performance controllers, i.e. the ones that best exploit the network's topological structure. Our general approach for controller design is important because it both provides a broad insight into the structure of well-designed networks and contributes engineering solutions in numerous application areas (e.g. reduction in management delays and human-controller workload in air traffic systems).


As a consequence of hearing loss, the deaf present delayed speech and oral language development. Language determines an individual's linguistic and cognitive development and plays an essential role in learning, that is, learning is produced through systematic exposure to language. Learning of written language is tied to verbal language, so deafness will likely result in delayed reading as well as writing, since such productions will be seen as abstract. The aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of using dramatization as a therapeutic instrument for learning written language, so as to promote the development of interpretation and understanding of written texts for deaf students. The study was developed with four deaf students, aged between 9 and 15 years, patients of the Speech Pathology Course Clinic - UNIARA. The study had three stages: reading the text and individually filling out a questionnaire, dramatization, and repetition of the application of the questionnaire. The participants' understanding of the text improved 100%; they demonstrated that they were able to understand the text and express their comprehension, albeit with some grammatical and syntactic difficulties. The dramatization enabled the deaf students to experience the text concretely, which helped them to understand and interpret that which they hadn't understood while reading.


The mobility management is an important issue in the cellular network, where it is deal managing of the limited frequency BW, and managing the roaming of mobile station (MS). It consists of two parts, the first called hand-off, which deals with the frequency channel allocation and conserve the call during move between two adjacent cells. The second part called location management (LM), which is deal with how to track an active MS within the cellular network. LM will burden the network with many messages of paging and location update to make the network know the location of MS at any time. Many researchers attempt to improve the LM by using neural networks to perform location prediction. In this paper, we will use back propagation multilayer neural network to learn the subscriber movement, and then using this trained network to predict the new location of the subscriber. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the total cost of LM by using the prediction of subscriber location instead of using the traditional LM schemes. We get a more than 69% correct prediction for the random walk mobility pattern as will see in the results.


This article argues that cultural and political legacies from the Middle Ages were crucial for the sustained economic growth that led to the Industrial Revolution. The medieval social/political orders had an exceptional openness to innovations (technological, organizational and institutional) when compared to other contemporary civilizations. Such openness was caused by the competition between them, as well as by the existence of multiple organizations independent from the State. The emergence of national states changed the medieval scenario but a legacy of some of its important cultural/institutional features remained and played a decisive role in the forthcoming Industrial Revolution: the Rule of Law, individualism, representative assemblies, the respect for labor and professions (notably the merchants) and the embryo of a culture of economic growth. Also, the legacy of a process of accumulation of capital, which was translated into a superior level of labor productivity when compared to those prevailing in any other civilization until that moment.


The effect of a volumetric heat source induced by pulse laser heating in the temperature fields of a fine round ceramic bar was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experimental results show that non Fourier heat conduction phenomena such as temperature waves exist on the end surface of the fine round ceramic bar. Hyperbolic heat conduction equation was used to model the non Fourier heat conduction process and the theory about thermal energy wave propagation was introduced to explain it. The experimental evidence for thermal energy wave propagation was obtained. The paper makes it clear that thermal relaxation time τ is mainly responsible for rapid transient heat transfer processes in heterogeneous materials.


We show that if a separable Banach space Z contains isometric copies of every strictly convex separable Banach space, then Z actually contains an isometric copy of every separable Banach space. We prove that if Y is any separable Banach space of dimension at least 2, then the collection of separable Banach spaces which contain an isometric copy of Y is analytic non Borel.


The essay analyses the emergence of Rilke's angel-and-puppet from (the watching of) the nothing as indicative of the fascination with artificial creatures which, according to Mladen Dolar, resulted from the Enlightenment ambition to posit a "zero subjectivity" at the point where the spiritual would directly spring from the material. This zero subjectivity, described here as the autonomization of the automaton, amounts to a subtraction of the machine from the Cartesian understanding of the animal. The question that Rilke's Duino Elegies posit is, hence, not a question of the humanization of the animal and the animalization of man (as Heidegger believed), but, rather, of the subtraction of the puppet-and-angel from the animal-and-man. The drama of this subtraction, with its indefinable residue, destabilizes the anthropogenetic machine analysed by Agamben and fuels the project which Badiou has recently brought forth as the 20th century project of a new man.


One of the gems of the Baldwin Library of Historical Children's Literature is its large collection of old movable books and toys created to delight thousands of people, young and old alike.


Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have emerged as potential materials for various biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, cationic capacity, high stability and redox properties. MgO NPs have become an attractive platform to combat microbes and may be a promising alternative to overcome challenges associated with eliminating microbial biofilms and antibiotic resistance. Hence, due to the increasing use of MgO NPs in biomedicine, new synthetic strategies for MgO NPs are necessary. MgO NPs synthesised using green methods are non-toxic, eco-friendly and have high stability for a wide range of biological, medical and catalytic applications. This review presents the recent advances in biosynthesis strategies of MgO NPs by diverse bio-templates, such as plant, bacterial, fungal and algal extracts. Its photocatalytic properties show a suitable inhibitory function against pathogenic agents, such as microbial proliferation, biofilm formation and fungal growth. Furthermore, MgO NPs and relevant nanocomposites are comprehensively discussed regarding the mechanisms of their effect on microbes, biofilms and fungal strains, as well as challenges and future perspectives.


Heat stroke is one of the hazards of football which may be fatal, particularly in the early fall in a hot and humid atmosphere. The accompanying case report illustrates the problem. The author stresses the restrictions which should be enforced in football practice if the heat index, as determined by established technics, is above certain limits.


Face super-resolved (SR) images aid human perception. The state-of-the-art face SR methods leverage the spatial location of facial components as prior knowledge. However, it remains a great challenge to generate natural textures. In this paper, we propose a component semantic prior guided generative adversarial network (CSPGAN) to synthesize faces. Specifically, semantic probability maps of facial components are exploited to modulate features in the CSPGAN through affine transformation. To compensate for the overly smooth performance of the generative network, a gradient loss is proposed to recover the high-frequency details. Meanwhile, the discriminative network is designed to perform multiple tasks which predict semantic category and distinguish authenticity simultaneously. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the CSPGAN in reconstructing photorealistic textures.


The Distributed Network Protocol v3.0 (DNP3) is one of the most widely used protocols, to control national infrastructure. Widely used interactive packet manipulation tools, such as Scapy, have not yet been augmented to parse and create DNP3 frames (Biondi 2014). In this paper we extend Scapy to include DNP3, thus allowing us to perform attacks on DNP3 in real-time. Our contribution builds on East et al. (2009), who proposed a range of possible attacks on DNP3. We implement several of these attacks to validate our DNP3 extension to Scapy, then executed the attacks on real world equipment. We present our results, showing that many of these theoretical attacks would be unsuccessful in an Ethernet-based network.


This article aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the politics of reclaiming the commons and resisting extractivism, drawing on a case of environmental conflict and ontological equivocations in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. On the south of the City of Buenos Aires, the Techint Group plans to build a real estate project by promising progress and development for an area affected by numerous environmental problems. This project spurred social mobilizations led by neighbors and local organizations, who denounced the environmental and housing impacts. Drawing on an anthropological approach, I investigate what happens when a consensus cannot be reached regarding the solution to — or even the very nature of — an environmental "problem." Finally, I reflect on the need for a new cosmopolitics that can transcend the cultural misunderstandings that arise from the fact that "the various collectives that populate the world do not really understand the fundamental questions that engage other collectives" (Descola 2012).


world generally. Wilhelm Boeck was born at Kongsberg in 1808, became a student in 1S27. Doctor in 1831; he was elected member of the Storthing in 1845 and Professor at the University in 1846. Boeck's name and scientific merits stand in special connexion witli his investigation of two of the most terrible forms of disease which have afflicted and still afflict the human race. Of one of these, Leprosy, Boeck was among the most renowned students. In 1840 he travelled, together with his colleague Dr. Danielssen, from Bergen, where he had devoted some time to preparatory study, over England, France and Italy to Greece, in which country, (after Norway) the disease had its greatest extension. A comprehensive and remarkable work on this disease, composed by Boeck in conjunction with Dr. Danielssen, came out in 1847 and excited the admiration of the scientific world no less by its text than by the accompanying atlas with its excellent illustrations of the forms of disease. The work wa3 translated into French in 1848, and was, by one of the great medical authorities of the time, Dr. Rayer, submitted to the French Academy, who rewarded it with the so-called Prix Monthyon, the amount of which, 2.000 fcs. was presented by the authors to the univer-


When things become complex and uncertain it is harder to predict the outcome of interventions. This simple truth is embedded in complex adaptive systems theory, based on chaos theory. Innes, Campion and Griffiths1 describe how this applies to consultations, where medical or social complexity can push a consultation to the edge of chaos. These challenging consultations have unpredictable outcomes and this carries risks such as upsetting the doctor-patient relationship or bringing up issues that either the doctor or patient did not wish to discuss. Sweeney2 discussed these principles further and describes their importance in understanding what we call evidence-based practice and research. In this article I will discuss the application of complex adaptive change theory to medical education using a teaching trip to Libya as an example.

Complex consultations are difficult and exhausting for the doctor. One can try to simplify the patient's long interdependent agenda and focus on 'the most important thing' for the patient to drag the consultation back to a simpler linear logic style where a traditional biomedical model is appropriate, but often the patient will thwart such an approach with comments like 'but it's everything doctor'. Alternatively one can adopt a more intuitive style and hold all the issues at once, like juggling plates, while a plan emerges that meets the complexity. This non-linear intuitive approach to consulting is less objective, less to do with 'evidence base', and carries a risk of getting it wrong as the outcomes are unpredictable. However often a transformational step change will occur in such consultations. GPs in the Balint tradition will recognise this as being similar to 'the flash'.3

If ones takes such …


Abstract : This report discusses the work performed by SDL for the period July through September 1967, and is primarily concerned with seismic research activities leading to the detection and identification of nuclear explosions as distinguished from earthquake phenomenon. Also discussed are the data services performed for other participants in the VELA-UNIFORM project.


The fact that single spherical plane imaging belongs to the imaging of optical system is emphasized to organize the teaching practice,and some analyses have been made to optimize the structure of optical class,so that the feature of higher teachers schools is better presented.


Objective To study the relationship between serumal C-reactive protein(CRP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method The level of CRP and the count of white blood cell were detected in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those in the healthy control group, in order to observe the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammatory markers. Results The serumal level of CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher than that in the control group, and the difference exists significant(P0.05). Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exist acute phase reaction and CRP has the pathogenic effect during the course of arising and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Abstract : Visual Human Intent Analysis (VHIA) is a growing field of research devoted to algorithms that categorize human behavior through input of visual image sequences. In VHIA, it is difficult to make an implementation framework that is robust enough to handle the many non-deterministic ways of human physical actions. This paper will survey several techniques currently used in VHIA including non-traditional artificial intelligence techniques, visual languages, statistical algorithms, and others. It will give the reader the background and understanding of how open this domain is to new algorithms; improving on the overall research in VHIA or similarly related problems.


In the article the problem of recessionary condition in the process of formation of students professional identity in the view of mental health stabilization is represented. Crisis situation is represented as the possibility of exhibition of personal creative ability, the factor of professional and personal formation, the period for development of basic sociogenic potentiality.


The purpose of this descriptive study was to describe health and health risk behavior in students in Prince of Songkla University. The subjects were 380 undergraduate students, chosen by convenience sampling, registered in a family relations course. Data were collected using a questionnaire with questions selected from a CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey from subjects who had attended a sexual and health problems session. The results showed that 61.8 percent of the students had normal body mass index, 42.1 percent planned to lose body weight, 42.4 percent perceived their health was good, and 2.9 percent perceived their health was poor. Their healthy behaviors were that they drank fruit juice (67.4%), ate vegetables (97.4%), and drank milk (84.2%). Their risky behaviors were not exercising regularly (29.2%), smoking (22.6%), drinking alcohol (61.3%), substance abuse (1.6%), not wearing a helmet when riding on a motorcycle (86.3) or when driving a motorcycle (2.9%), riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (21.6%), and driving a motorcycle or a car after drinking alcohol (14.7%). Eleven point six percent had had sexual intercourse. Their sexual risk behaviors were not using a condom (4.7%), having sexual intercourse after drinking alcohol (2.4%), and not using any method to prevent infection or pregnancy (0.8%). Two point one percent had been subjected to sexual abuse and 1.8 percent had experienced physical abuse. The findings of this study should be beneficial in health promotion for students in university.


General expressions are derived for various quantities that characterize the far field generated by any fluctuating localized current distribution that is statistically stationary, at least in the wide sense. In particular, expressions are derived for the cross-spectral density tensors of the electromagnetic field, for the coherence matrix and the Stokes parameters, for the degree of polarization, and for the degree of coherence of the far field in terms of the cross-spectral density of the transverse part of the source current. The analysis is illustrated by considering radiation from a fluctuating linear current source.


Received for publication November 1985, revised December 1985, and accepted January 1986. t Drs. Ross, Anders, D'Alessio & McDowell, P.C., 5225 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20015. SINCE 1973, Parents After Childbirth Education (P.A.C.E.), a non-profit community organization, has offered postnatal workshops for mothers and their infants in the Washington, DC area. The emphasis of the 8-week P.A.C.E. workshops is on primary prevention : 8-10 new mother-infant pairs meet once a week to share the normal stresses that a new infant brings to the couple and the newly expanded family. The principal aims of the workshops are to encourage bonding of the mother-infant pair, to provide a group atmosphere that promotes increased self-confidence and competence in new parents, and to facilitate the incorporation of the parenting role into the participants' lives. The P.A.C.E. workshops focus on topics such as: Child Development and Parent Development; Time for Yourself and Time for Your Baby; Attachment; Creative Play; The Changing Marital Relationship; The Range of Normal and Individual Differences in Infant Behavior; Socialization and Discipline; and Dealing with the Challenge of Parenting. One of the eight sessions is planned at a time when all the fathers can attend with the mothers and infants. P.A.C.E.


Recently, with the rapid development of epitaxial techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), more and more quasi-one-dimensional (electronic) systems have been fabricated. In such quantum well wires, the electron motion along the length of the wire is free, but it is quantized in the two dimensions perpendicular to the wire. These quantum structures present some special physical properties and have been applied to many semiconductor devices, such as high-electron-mobility transistors. In recent year, a great deal of experimental and theoretical interest has been concentrated on the study of the electronic properties of these quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor systems. With the use of variational solutions to the effective mass equations, Dagani and Hipolito have calculated the (energy) and effective mass in a rectangular quantum wires; Yeung have studied the cyclotron resonance of a magetopo-(laron) in parabolic quantum wire by using the variational-perturbation expansion method. Guo et al. discussed the binding energy of polaron in quantum wires by means of density-matrix treatment. Taking into account the interaction of the electron with optical phonon modes, Chuu et al. have studied the energies of the ground state and the excited state in cylindrical quantum wires using Pekar alternative approach and perturbation-variational method. Zhou and Gu have presented the properties of polaron and magetopolaron in cylindrical quantum wires by using variational solutions and linear combination operators methods. The properties of polaron in rectangular quantum wires and in cylindrical quantum wires have been studied by the present authors and co-workers.Considering the interaction of the electron with optical phonon modes, we investigated effective mass of strong-coupling (polaron) and the mean number of optical phonon in a parabolic quantum wire by using the Tokuda's improved linear combination operators, the Lagrange multiplier and the variational (method.) The (numerical) results showed that, with the increasing of confinement strength ω_0 of quantum wire and the (Lagrange) multiplier u, effective mass m of polaron and the mean number of optical phonon and vibration (frequency) λ of polaron will increase.


Based on the fault features of Nuclear Power Plant,the ES(expert system) of fault diagnosis has been programmed.The knowledge in the ES adopts the production systems,which can express the certain and uncertain knowledge.For certain knowledge,the simple reasoning mechanism of prepositional logic is adopted.For the uncertain knowledge,CF(certain factor) is used to express the uncertain,thus to set up the reasoning mechanism.In order to solve the "bottleneck" problem for knowledge acquisition,rough set theory is incorporated into the fault diagnose system and the reduction algorithm based on the discernibility matrix is improved.In the improved algorithm,the measure of attribute importance first calculate the attribute which have the same value in the same decision-sort,then calculate the degrees of attribute in the discernibility ma-trix.Several different faults have been diagnosed on some emulator with this expert system.


EnglishQuestions concerning the longevity of policies governing investment at the local level are both acute and complex. At first glance, it would seem that they are in fact, as a matter of priority, questions on the sustainability of local investment policies. This sustainability, which varies locally and regionally, appears to be firmly associated with conditions under which even local and regional authorities and their associations are quite capable of mobilising resources. francaisLes questions relatives a la soutenabilite des politiques d'investissement local sont a la fois aigues et complexes. En premiere analyse, il apparait que ce sont bien prioritairement des questions de soutenabilite des politiques financieres locales. Cette soutenabilite, territorialement differenciee, apparait comme indissolublement liee aux conditions meme dans lesquelles les collectivites tenitoriales et leurs groupements sont a meme de mobiliser des ressources.


Audio system for adjusting one or more beam pattern emitted by one or more loudspeaker arrays based on user preferences / listener will be described. The audio system includes, listener position estimator, listener identifier, and the audio receiver comprising a voice command processor. Listener position estimator, listener identifier, and the input from the voice command processor is supplied to the array processor. Array processor, based on the input from each of these devices, a beam pattern to drive one or more loudspeaker arrays to emit the listening area. Position, preferred use setting, and by examining the voice command from the listener, the beam pattern to be produced, with a minimum degree of direct input, customized preferences of explicit and implicit listener. Other embodiments are also described.


Plasma-enhanced process, in particular an apparatus for performing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, the vacuum chamber, the polarity of the AC voltage has a flat magnetron surface having a peripheral pole and the central pole of the opposite (20) constituting the unbalanced magnetron is connected to a power supply (34) comprises at least one magnetron electrode (32). The apparatus further includes a surface which the surface to be treated and means for positioning the substrate (25) so as to face the magnetron face (20), a process gas or process gas mixture, is treated with magnetron surface (20) and a gas supply means for supplying to the space between. In order to achieve optimal deposition rate, the distance between the magnetron face (20) and treated by surface darker than that formed by the magnetic field lines extending between the peripheral pole and the central pole of the magnetron faces (20) as is visible plasma zone which runs between the surface to be treated and the tunnel is adapted to the magnetic field produced by the magnetron electrode (32), the plasma zone but has a minimum width, towards the surface to be coated It has a uniform brightness. The distance between the surface and the magnetron surface to be treated, preferably 2 to 20% longer than the height of the tunnel. This device is, for example, can be applied to improve the barrier properties of the web made of polymeric film material coated with silicon oxide.


Efforts are being made by a Dallas, Texas, obstetrician, Norman Thompkins, to secure a permanent injunction from the temporary injunction that limits the duration, volume, and number of antiabortion protests outside his home and stipulates the time of day for picketing at his home and place of work. Harassing phone calls, trespassing on the physician's property, and remaining near the house between sunset and sunrise were strictly prohibited. The order also forbids the defendants from directing others to perform the aforementioned activities. The case was heard by District Judge Harry Hopkins, who also indicated that violators will be subject to contempt of court charges and held in jail until the Judge decides that the injunction will be obeyed. A separate complaint was filed against protestors that seeks damages. Both cases are being represented by Windle Turley, whose firm also cooperated with the Dallas City Council in drafting an ordinance restricting picketing with intent to harass. This May, 1994, was the first time the ordinance was enforced. The abortion protestors had been picketing Dr. Tompkins home, office, and church since October 1992. Dallas Pro-Life Action Network had targeted Dr. Tompkins and at least five other Dallas area physicians, who after the picketing ceased performing abortions and signed agreements to cease performing abortions. Mrs. Tompkins reported that threats were made directly to her life. A witness testified that the antiabortion groups were cult-like and that violence, as occurred in Florida, was expected. The lawyer for the defendants, Charles Bundren, reported that free speech rights on public property were being infringed upon due to this injunction. Mr. Turley said that there is no freedom of speech when it is used as a persistent tool to harass, abuse, and hurt people.


Sports Aerobics is the strength action with music. So it is significant to discuss the sports aerobics players' strength training in order to improve their technical level. From the classification of strength quality to choose whatever the players' demand shows strong aim and good effects.


On 1 July 2012, Hong Kong (HK) celebrated the 15th Anniversary of its change of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China (PRC). During this period, migration has diversified greatly. Various new visa categories have been created. People from Mainland China and the rest of the world come to HK for work and settlement and HK people have gone to Mainland and overseas to study and work. To appreciate and better plan the growing diversity of migration to, from, and through HK, this article benchmarks the current legal categorizations of migration and calls for the development of a coherent theoretical approach that can better harmonize research and policy. We believe a transdisciplinary view can help generate the range of evidence needed to plan for diversity, and that this is best coordinated through a new HK Migration Observatory.


Error resilience is the primary design concern for safety- and mission-critical applications. Redundant MultiThreading (RMT) is one of the most promising soft and hard error resilience strategies because it does not require additional hardware modification. While the state-of-the-art software RMT scheme can achieve a high degree of error protection, our detailed investigation revealed that it suffers from performance overhead and insufficient fault coverage. This paper proposes EXPERTISE, a compiler-level RMT scheme that can detect the manifestation of hardware faults in all processor components. EXPERTISE transformation generates a checker-thread for the main execution thread. These redundant threads are executed simultaneously on two physically different cores of a multicore processor and perform almost the same computations. After each memory write operation is committed by the main-thread, the checker-thread loads back the written data from the memory and checks it against its own locally computed values. If they match, the execution continues. Otherwise, the error flag is raised. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, we performed soft and hard error injection experiments on all the different hardware components of an ARM Cortex53-like μ-architecturally simulated microprocessor. Based on statistical fault injection campaigns, we have found that EXPERTISE provides 188× better fault coverage with 27% faster performance as compared to the state-of-the-art scheme.


We numerically investigate the thermoelectric properties of a triangle quantum dot connected to metallic electrodes using the non-equilibrium Green's function method in the Anderson model. Exploiting the equation of motion method in the Coulomb-blockade regime, the thermovoltage, thermocurrent and heat dissipation are calculated. Results show that the thermovoltage and thermocurrent have nonlinear behavior, and the magnitude and sign of them can be controlled with site energy and coupling strength of quantum dots. Moreover, we find that the heat current is nonlinear and asymmetric respect to the sign of bias voltage for all of the site energies of quantum dots. Analyses show that the heat current can be positive or negative for all of the site energies and becomes zero for the nonzero voltages. These results can be useful to determine the performance of the nanoscale electronic devices to control the heat dissipations.


Fulbanu is the mother of eight and lives with one of her daughters in a slum in Hazaribagh, west of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Like most people in her neighborhood, Fulbanu and her daughter struggle with having enough food to eat almost every single day.


T IS not surprising, on the whole, that we have suffered in recent times not merely from an avalanche of gold but also from an avalanche of literature on this subject. Very recently there have been published two works dealing with the gold problem, very different in their approach and very different in their merits. The first of these is the work by Dr. Michael A. Heilperin, a young Polish scholar, who has been for some time assistant professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. His book is entitled International Monetary Economics. The other work, by Professors Frank D. Graham and Charles R. Whittlesey, of Princeton University, bears the title Golden Avalanche and is an expansion of an article which appeared in the April, I939, issue of Foreign Affairs. This book is popular in character. It oversimplifies the problem, and many of the statements of the authors would seem to be contradictory to each other. Professor Heilperin, as well as Professors Graham and Whittlesey, and also others who have recently touched on the subject of gold, such as Dr. E. A. Goldenweiser in his article in the Federal Reserve Bulletin of January, I940, and Mr. Winthrop WV. Aldrich, chairman of the Board of the Chase National Bank of New York,3 would all agree that, regardless of any theories underlying the monetary functions of gold, the large amount of it flowing in recent years to this country has resulted in serious problems, the


Background The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) published a new definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). For this definition we compared frequency, concordance, clinical and laboratory stigmata and carotid atherosclerosis with those of the established definitions by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Materials and methods A total of 1518 subjects (943 men, 575 women) from the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR), free of clinical atherosclerosis, were included in this study. To estimate insulin sensitivity two methods, i.e. homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the short insulin tolerance test, were employed. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque extent were quantified for all subjects using high-resolution ultrasound. Results Prevalence of the MetS was 18·7% for men and 16·2% for women for the WHO definition, 18·9% and 17·0%, respectively, for the NCEP definition, and 25·8% and 19·5%, respectively, for the IDF definition. Concordance was lower between the definitions of WHO and IDF ( 67%). Compared to subjects identified by NCEP definition, subjects identified in excess by IDF (3·1-11·7%) showed less insulin resistance and lower IMT and plaque extent indistinguishable from MetS-free subjects. Conclusions Our data suggest that the IDF definition includes subjects as MetS sufferers above these detected by NCEP or WHO, who exhibit considerably less insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis blurring the distinction between health and disease.


Weinventedtheextra-sounddevice(ESD)whichallowsto recei ve thestableextra-soundgasjet with regularinteractingstructure-shock wavesin floodedspace.In presentpaperresultsof new experiments:beginningfrom someinitial valueof pressurein thevicinity of the radius of thewater-vapourjet in air therearisesthephenomenonof quantumantigravitation generatedby regularwaves. In thisvicinity of vapour-air jet theredefinedtheparametersof electromagneticwave


In this paper, a novel bidirectional boost/buck converter with coupled inductor is designed and implemented. When batteries release energy to a DC bus, this converter functions like a parallel boost converter with a coupled inductor. With proper design, ZVS turn-on and ZCS turn-off can be respectively realized by primary side switches and secondary side switch parasitic diodes. In this manner, the switching loss and reverse recovery problems are reduced, thereby improving converter efficiency. Finally, a laboratory prototype circuit with 110 V/ 400 V and output power of 1 kW is implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter.


Security is a most important service in Mobile Adhoc Network from past few years. MANETs are more vulnerable to various kinds of security attacks and hence secure routing is very important. MANETs communicate in a dynamically built network that lacks centralized access and fixed infrastructure. Nodes in the network communicate directly with each other when they are within the same communication range. Otherwise, they rely on their neighbors to relay messages. The reputation of a node increases if it transfers the message properly and decreases otherwise. Because of this dynamically changing topologies, wireless medium and absence of centralized controlling points, security is of at most importance. But MANETs are more viable because of the minimum computation and communication overhead. Index terms — Ad hoc networks, Authentication, Confidentiality, Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs), malicious nodes, Time-To-Live (TTL).


Gasification of meat and bone meal (MBM) has been carried out using steam in single and two-stage fixed-bed reactor systems. The first stage was used for the gasification, while the second stage allowed the thermal cracking and reforming of tar as well as some additional secondary reactions to take place. The effects of temperature (650–850 °C) in both stages, steam/MBM (wt/wt) (0.4–0.8), and second-stage packed-bed height (40–100 mm) on product distribution (char, liquid and gas) and gas composition (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, other H/C) were studied. It was observed that a higher reaction temperature (850 °C) favored high gas and hydrogen yields. Hydrogen yield was increased from 36.2 to 47.1 vol% with an increase in steam/MBM (wt/wt), while an increase in the packed-bed height increased gas (29.5–31.6 wt%) and hydrogen (45–49.2 vol%) yields. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria (Fr.) Staude species was determined on approximately 16 100 ha of relatively dry, mixed-conifer forest in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Sampling of recently dead or live, symptomatic conifers produced 112 isolates of Armillaria from six tree species. Armillaria species identifications done by using a polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic and diploid–diploid pairings produced identical results: 108 of the isolates were Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and four were North American Biological Species X (NABS X). Five genets of A. ostoyae and one of NABS X were identified through the use of somatic incompatibility pairings among the putatively diploid isolates. Armillaria ostoyae genet sizes were approximately 20, 95, 195, 260, and 965 ha; cumulative colonization of the study area was at least 9.5%. The maximum distance between isolates from the 965-ha A. ostoyae genet was approximately 3810 m, and use of three estimates of A. os...


A hybrid multi-objective programming scheme for multi-stiffness continuum topology optimization subject to complex loading cases has been proposed and developed in this paper by using artificial power law,in which sequential hierarchical optimization method and compromising programming method are combined. Multi-stiffness topological optimizations are actually nonlinear mathematical programming problems.A mathe matical programming method with globally convergent and monotonous characteristics is presented based on convex approximations of the method of moving asymptotes,which is theoretically well-founded for advanced topology optimizations with complicated objectives and multiple constraints.Numerical application is applied to demonstrate the validity of the presented methodologies.


A method has been established for the determination of inorganic arsenic in soils by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry combined with microwave-assisted extraction.The microwave-assisted extraction operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test design combined with the mono-factor test.The interference from coexisting ions on inorganic arsenic determination was eliminated using ascorbic acid-thiourea-citric acid.The linear range of the calibration curve for inorganic arsenic is 0.25~40 μg/g.The detection limit is 0.05 μg/g for inorganic arsenic.The recovery of inorganic arsenic in soil samples was 92.9%~105.0% with precision of 0.3%RSD(n=11).Compared with the results obtained from the water bath extraction method,the microwave-assisted extraction method was time-saving and more efficient.The method has been successfully applied to the extraction and determination of inorganic arsenic in soil samples from different regions.


The cubic zirconia ceramics stabilized by yttria or ceria and magnesia transform to tetragonal phase and a great amount of tetragonal precipitate from cubic matrix when ageing at high temperatures.The transformable tetragonal content increases with the ageing time,especially for (Y,Mg) PSZ/MgAl 2O 4 with 2 mol% Y 2O 3,whose tetragonal phase content increases even after ageing for 800 h.In the process of heat treatment,yttria or ceria exists in the crystal lattice of zirconia to stabilize cubic and tetragonal zirconia.Moreover,the complex stabilized zirconia ceramics are very sensitive to the amount of yttria,but insensitive to ceria.


This study assessed the importance for fish of lateral connectivity of river side-channels to the River Frome, a lowland chalk stream in Southern England. Lateral connectivity and habitat complexity is under threat in many floodplain river systems due to human disturbance. A holistic approach was used to investigate fish communities in seven sidechannels (including drainage ditches, natural streams and a millstream) and to assess the functionality provided by these habitats to fish species. Seasonal electric fishing over three years was used to monitor fish assemblages in each channel in relation to biotic and abiotic variables. Fish movements between the main channel and lateral habitats were monitored continuously in five locations with PIT (passive integrated transponder) telemetry. In total over one hundred pike (Esox lucius) and dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) were radio tracked to monitor the movements of individual fish with increased sensitivity. Each side-channel provided a distinct habitat and supported a different fish community. Flow was the main discriminating factor between channels and their assemblages. General linear models of biotic and abiotic variables did not predict abundances of individual species effectively. In contrast, habitat stability was a good indicator of species diversity and may prove a useful management tool. Side-channels were used for different functions by different species. A single fish species used a range of habitats within the river system, each for different functions with functional differences in use between seasons. The River Frome dace population exhibited a structured population with individuals exhibiting different uses of the main river and side-channels. The structure of the population is based upon the availability of both lateral and longitudinal connectivity, with dace moving between the main river and side-channels and also making excursions over 10 km along the main river channel. Drainage ditches are a particularly important pike spawning location, with males arriving earlier onto this distinct habitat. Protandry (early arrival strategy of some males) was exhibited by slow-growing male pike which arrived as early as December. Growth was also related to home range size in males, with faster growing males inhabiting larger, home ranges.


high proportion of chains con-sisting of two to four organisms. Efferent lymph was cultivated on tryptic meat agar plates, using serial dilutions (Miles and Misra, 1938). Control experiments showed that when the four types of suspension were incubated with lymph from the efferent popliteal lymphatics for 15-30 min. there was no significant change in the total count, although many of the spores became heat-sensitive. The vegetative forms did not sporulate. Red cell suspensions were obtained by diluting heparinised blood from the same rabbit with 0-9 per cent saline. Counts in lymph were made with a conventional counting chamber after 1/20 dilution with Hayem's solution. It was found reasonably simple to make separate counts of red and white cells in the same chamber.


The SEARIS workshop provides a forum for researchers and practitioners working on the design, development, and support of realtime interactive systems (RIS). These systems span from Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) environments to novel Human-Computer Interaction systems (such as multimodal or multitouch architectures) and entertainment applications in general. Their common principle is a strong user centric orientation which requires real-time processing according to perceptual constraints.


According to the characteristics of the answer submarine search of aerial magnetic detection,the paper optimizes the course angles of expanded helix search path of anti-submarine airplane.And the model of search probability of aerial magnetic detection is established to choose the optimized expanded helix search path.At the same time,the influence of the changes of submarine course and velocity on the search time and probability is experimentally simulated and analyzed.The results lay the foundation for the optimization use of aerial magnetic detection.


Abstract MDS diffusion layers are critical in the design of modern symmetric ciphers. Lightweight MDS matrices are studied for designing ciphers targeting hardware-oriented applications. In 2016, Beierle, Kranz, and Leander studied elements for which x → ax could be implemented with only one XOR in hardware. Then, they searched for such a's satisfying the desired conditions for MDS-ness of some constructions. We adopt an opposite approach: we fix the conditions that A, A 3⊕ I and A 7 ⊕ I are n × n invertible binary matrices and then give provable binary n × n one-XOR matrices for which the mentioned conditions hold. Note that these conditions are sufficient ones for MDS-ness of many well-known constructions of 4 × 4 MDS matrices over n-bit words such as some recursive MDS diffusion layers as well as circulant AES-like MDS matrices.


The development, the positive aspects, the negative aspects and the useability of particular hydrologic models have been discussed extensively at recent conferences. In discussing hydrological modelling, and areas that need to be addressed, it becomes increasingly obvious that the real problem is not so much inadequate models, as inadequate users. Training and education of the users are increasingly important, and this paper attempts to describe an approach that rather than teaching models, encourages the art and skills of modelling. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a way of reversing the present trend of pushing more direct content into the courses; one aspect is to teach a process such as modelling, as well as a selection of models. Models will come and go, but modelling is a skill that will continue. In Problem Based Learning, a problem is presented in its context as much as possible. Several concepts may be incorporated into a single problem. With the choice of problem based learning, the student modeller is confronted immediately with the big issues: rather than hydrological processes. The connection of the problems and the topics is shown in this paper via a concept map, indicating appropriate interrelationships. Monash University has already moved its hydrology course at third year somewhat along the lines of PBL. Environmental Engineering programs, which encompass much of the hydrology courses within their frameworks, are shown to be particularly appropriate for this method of learning.


This paper mainly in troduce mud volcano's distribution, classification, formation mechanism. Mud volcano erupts mud, water, sedimentary breccia and various gas, accumulation in the surface and the formation of cone shaped sedimentary body .There are 40 mud volcano development area in global, and more than 20 submarine mud volcano development zone. Mud volcano's formation mechanism is the high deposition rates on the deep water and passive continental margins and lateral tectonic compression at the edge of the active continental margin. Because of the mud volcano has important significance for the study of tectonic attribution, oil and gas exploration, geological disasters and global climate change, it has become a new research hotspot of the earth science gradually.


Ovulation synchronization and timed AI programs have been adopted in many dairy herds for managing reproduction in cows. Timed AI programs ensure maximum submission rates. However, pregnancy per AI is reduced when cows do not have a functional CL at initiation of the timed AI protocol. Suboptimal progesterone concentrations as observed in cows without a CL at initiation of timed AI negatively affects the quality of ovulatory follicle, oocyte competence, embryo growth, and endometrial functions. Ultrasound evaluation of the ovaries at initiation of the timed AI protocol combined with targeted progesterone supplementation can improve fertility in dairy cows lacking CL initiation of the timed AI protocol. Intravaginal controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices offer a practical method to increase plasma progesterone concentrations in cows without a CL at initiation of the timed AI protocol. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of progesterone supplementation using 1 or 2 intravaginal progesterone inserts on fertility of first service lactating dairy cows without a CL at initiation of the timed AI protocol.


Is there a particular-universal distinction? Ramsey famously advocated scepticism about this distinction. In "Some Formal Ontological Relations" E.J. Lowe argues against Ramsey that a particular-universal distinction can be made out after all if only we allow ourselves the resources to distinguish between the elements of a four-fold ontology. But in defence of Ramsey I argue that the case remains to be made in favour of either (1) the four-fold ontology Lowe recommends or (2) the articulation of a particular-universal distinction within it. I also argue that the case remains to be made against (3) a spatio-temporal conception of the particular-universal distinction.


Summary Dayangshu Basin is located in Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. It is a late Mesozoic basin that is covered by volcanic rocks. The tectonic movement is violent. Fault activities control the formation and development of the basin. Volcanic activity runs through the whole process of basin formation. It is of great significance that study on the characteristics of source rocks and oil-gas sources in the Dayangshu Basin for evaluating the oil-gas exploration potential, understanding the oil-gas generation and evolution of the volcanic strata in the eastern basin of China.


Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Contamination of Root and Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soils with Incorporated Bovine Manure Erin E. Natvig, Steven C. Ingham, Barbara H. Ingham, Leslie R. Cooperband, Teryl R. Roper, and Anthony R. Arment Departments of Food Science, Soil Science, and Horticulture, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1565, and Department of Biology, St. Andrew's Presbyterian College, Laurinburg, North Carolina 28352


Abstract. This paper reports the development of a low-cost, portable, light-emitting diode (LED)-based ultraviolet (UV) exposure system. The major system components include UV-LEDs, a microcontroller, a digital-to-analog converter, and LED control circuitry. Through its front panel with a liquid crystal display and keypad, the UV-LED lithography system is able to receive user-defined values for exposure time and power, which allows the exposure dose to be tunable on demand. Compared to standard mask aligners, the UV-LED lithography system is a fraction of the cost, is simpler to construct using off-the shelf components, and does not require a complex infrastructure to operate. Such a reduction in system cost and complexity renders UV-LED lithography a perfect candidate for microlithography with large process windows typically suitable for MEMS, microfluidics applications.


It one has a group of samples from one population and a group of samples from another population, one is often faced with the question whether both populations are the same or not. For this situation several statistical tests are available, one of these being the well-known Student's test (cf. Dixon and Massey, 1951, chapter 9). One of the assumptions underlying Student's test is that the quantities, of which observations are available, have a normal distribution. In many cases, however, it is not known whether or not this assumption is satisfied. In these cases it is advisable to use a statistical test, not based on the assumption of normal distributions. In the problem concerned one can use, e.g., Wilcoxon's two-sample test. The assumptions underlying this test are : a. all observations are taken at random and are independent; b. the observations in group I are taken from the same population; c. the observation in group II are taken from the same population. As an example we take the following situation. A type of rock has been found in two localities; at each locality one has taken 6 samples* at random. The sodium content (in percentages) of these samples is: locality I; 6.3; 3.9; 3.5; 10.0; 2.5; 3.4. locality II; 5.6; 5.2; 6.0; 3.3; 1.1; 3.0.


Abstract For the stable landing of a humanoid walking, a humanoid foot needs to reduce an impact from the ground reaction force and does not cause ZMP variation when its foot is landing. To satisfy the above condition, this paper introduces the newly designed foot mechanism has an additional shock absorbing material and guided equipment which constrains translational direction. The ability of the proposed foot mechanism is shown as the experiment which is performed in landing leg platform. The landing leg platform provides the same landing effect and a variety of condition that a humanoid robot may be faced with various environments when the humanoid foot is landing. The two kinds of experiments are performed. One verifies the capability of additional shock absorbing material and the other shows the effect of the guided equipment.


Indonesian films experience development over time. In the beginning film in Indonesia served as a massmobilizer and propaganda, then suspended animation. Now Indonesian films are taken into account to internationalfestivals, especially the horror film genre. The object to be analyzed in this study is a horror film, entitled 'PengabdiSetan' by director Rudi Sudjarwo produced in 2017 which is also nominated for the Indonesian Film Festival. Researchthrough the analysis of historical studies with comparative research methods, literature study of two films that have beenadapted to the same genre, namely the horror genre. Both films have good unity in the story and cinematography, but inthe film "Pengabdi Setan" made in 2017 the audience is treated to a different cinematography than the one made in 1980and the many cinematographic developments in the Indonesian film horror genre.


In an optical semiconductor module, a transparent resin spacer is inserted between the optical guide and the semiconductor device. As a result, the optical semiconductor module is formed of members (members) the minimum required to suppress the influence by the reflected light. Furthermore, the optical semiconductor module can be manufactured without the use of costly manufacturing steps.


The goal of all Pharmaceutical industry is to make a good quality product and for this it is necessary to allow In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) Approaches. In-process quality control tests are done before the manufacturing process is completed. The function of in-process controls is to monitor and if necessary, adaptation of the manufacturing process to achieve the required specification. This may incorporate control of equipment and environment too. In-process materials should be tested for their physical parameters and its quality attributes which are later approved or rejected by the quality control department. The reason of IPQC is to deliver a cumulative finished product by avoiding or eliminating mistakes at every stage in production. The objective of this study is the comparison of In-process quality control test of India Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia and the United state Pharmacopoeia. It was observed from various studies that quality control tests for tablet and capsule listed in different pharmacopoeias   have slight similarities and differences


T here is strong evidence that in hypertensive patients , electrocardiographic findings ofleft ventric-ular hypertrophy (LVH) are associated with a poor cardiovascular prognosis. In the Framingham study, the presence ofdefined electrocardiographic evidence of LVH was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of major cardiovascular events, independent of blood pressure level. I2 Since the detection of such target organ damage is critical for the clinical management of hypertensive patients, an accurate identification of abnormal cardiac anatomy seems particularly important. Although the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been the conventional clinical diagnostic tool for the detection and assessment of acute ischemia, conduction abnormalities, and rhythm disturbances , it has not been highly sensitive in the detection ofchanges in cardiac mass such as LVH. In a large-scale study by Savage et al3 ofpatients with mild to moderate hypertension, the EGG and the chest x-ray film each identified approximately 5 percent of the patients as having met the classic criteria for a diagnosis of LVH, whereas echocardiographic criteria for LVH were demonstrated in almost 50 percent. Echocardi-ography, therefore, might represent the first truly sensitive and widely available noninvasive diagnostic method for critically evaluating early evidence of cardiovascular damage in patients with mild to moderate ' This technique may potentially be of value in determining which patients will benefit most from long-term antihypertensive therapy, as well as in evaluating the effect of long-term antihyperten-sive therapy on left ventricular mass in patients with essential hypertension. So far, only a few long-term follow-up clinical trials have been reported. Therefore, there has not been sufficient time nor clinical experience as yet to evaluate definitively the prognostic significance ofechocardiographic evidence for LVH or the use of antihypertensive therapy to reduce LVH, especially in those patients whose ECG and chest roentgenograms are apparently The present communication discusses some unre-solved problems with echocardiographic measurements ofleft ventricular muscle mass, as well as its use to evaluate the efficacy ofantihypertensive therapies in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. The results ofearly animal and human studies, using several echocardiographic methods to compare echo-cardiographic left ventricular mass with postmortem findings, were promising. However, recent studies using more sophisticated, complex, and divergent echocardiographic methods for the detection and quantification of LVH have yielded conflicting data which make comparisons between studies difficult and the conclusions often speculative. It remains to be shown that postmortem examination of hearts of patients who died of causes other than hypertension should …


In this work, we present a generic framework for constructing efficient signature schemes, ring signature schemes, and identity based encryption schemes, all in the standard model (without relying on random oracles). We start by abstracting the recent work of Hohenberger and Waters (Crypto 2009), and specifically their "prefix method". We show a transformation taking a signature scheme with a very weak security guarantee (a notion that we call a-priori-message unforgeability under static chosen message attack) and producing a fully secure signature scheme (i.e., existentially unforgeable under adaptive chosen message attack). Our transformation uses the notion of chameleon hash functions, defined by Krawczyk and Rabin (NDSS 2000) and the "prefix method". Constructing such weakly secure schemes seems to be significantly easier than constructing fully secure ones, and we present simple constructions based on the RSA assumption, the short integer solution (SIS) assumption, and the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) assumption over bilinear groups. Next, we observe that this general transformation also applies to the regime of ring signatures. Using this observation, we construct new (provably secure) ring signature schemes: one is based on the short integer solution (SIS) assumption, and the other is based on the CDH assumption over bilinear groups. As a building block for these constructions, we define a primitive that we call ring trapdoor functions. We show that ring trapdoor functions imply ring signatures under a weak definition, which enables us to apply our transformation to achieve full security. Finally, we show a connection between ring signature schemes and identity based encryption (IBE) schemes. Using this connection, and using our new constructions of ring signature schemes, we obtain two IBE schemes: The first is based on the learning with error (LWE) assumption, and is similar to the recently introduced IBE scheme of Cash-Hofheinz-Kiltz-Peikert; The second is based on the d-linear assumption over bilinear groups.


Background: Medical course is a difficult study requiring hard work, commitment, and maturity unlike other professional courses. Medical students are found to be under mild to severe psychological stress. The institutions in India are not sufficiently equipped with necessary stress coping mechanisms or facilities.

Objective: To assess the magnitude and causes of stress among first-year medical students in a medical college.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2014 to August 2015 at Siddhartha Medical College of Andhra Pradesh, India; 150 medical students who had joined the course newly were provided orientation program. After a period of 8 months, the students were given a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the General Health Questionnaire (28 items). The data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS, version 16.

Result: About 78% of the respondents were stressed. Girls (44.7%) perceived greater stress when compared with boys (33.33%); the difference being statistically significant. Large content to be learnt, poor performance in examination, lack of time to revise, and no time for recreational/relaxational activities were found to be the major causes of stress among the students.

Conclusion: A substantial proportion of students were found to be stressed, with academic stressors being the major cause of stress among the subjects.


The nonlinear Schrodinger equation appears in different fields of physics, for example in the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates or in wave propagation models. From a mathematical point of view, the study of this equation is interesting and delicate, notably because it can have a very rich set of solutions with various behaviours. In this thesis, we have been interested in standing waves, which satisfy an elliptic partial differential equation. When this equation is seen as a singularly perturbed problem, its solutions concentrate, in the sense that they converge uniformly to zero outside some concentration set, while they remain positive on this set. We have obtained three kind of new results. Firstly, under symmetry assumptions, we have found solutions concentrating on a sphere. Secondly, we have obtained the same type of solutions for the Schrodinger-Poisson system. The method consists in applying the mountain pass theorem to a penalized problem. Thirdly, we have proved the existence of solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation concentrating at a local maximum of the potential. These solutions are found by a more general minimax principle. Our results are characterized by very weak assumptions on the potential.