although we have the wealthiest movie industry in the world, in the wealthiest country, we do not have a single studio devoted exclusively to the production of films for juvenile audiences. We do not even have a department for this type of production within any of the major studios. Other countries are way ahead of America in planning motion picture fare for the young. England, in particular, has made tremendous strides in the right direction. It might be helpful to review what she has done, how she does it, and what she is planning. In this way, perhaps, we can add our voice to the appeal, and point out to American producers how shortsighted they are in neglecting the cultural needs of the human beings who compose our next generation. First, observe that American produc rs are not completely indifferent to the demands of the public. Recently, the seven member companies of the Motion Picture Producers' Association, together with United Artists, Republic, and Monogram, set up a project known as the Children's Film Library. This consists of twenty-eight feature-film reissues that are said to have been favor-


Academic interest in game development and game studies has grown steadily in recent years, with many institutions now offering courses or programs in this area. To provide a truly rich and realistic experience to students, some form of interdisciplinary or collaborative work is clearly needed as part of their education. Successful games draw upon a diverse set of talents and backgrounds from their creators, and so an interdisciplinary exposure is crucial to students studying games and game development. This paper presents the experiences from precisely this sort of academic exercise—an interdisciplinary game development project called Neomancer. This project has involved nearly 50 participants from the University of Western Ontario and Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology, working together for the past several months. This paper discusses the background and history of the Neomancer project, and presents some of the lessons learned to date from this collaborative venture.


The reported performance characteristics of the Visible Light Communication (VLC) system make it an appropriate candidate for future optical wireless technology. The RF spectrum has become very congested because of the growth and the need for RF spectrum in wireless communication and day-to-day life; and costly due to the need to license. The VLC spectrum is license-free and can support high data rate systems. Further, modulation schemes for VLC which appeared in previous research are the direct modulation schemes that introduce unavoidable demerits as flickering and dimming. There have been many advances in opted modulation schemes in IEEE 802.15.7. This article presents a survey that summarizes a few modulation schemes with enhanced performance characteristics for VLC. It also proposes a new modulation scheme using an external modulator which could be considered as a future option for the VLC system.


Body for a motor vehicle, with one of large-size partial modules (12, 22, 34, 44) assembled support structure (10), wherein a roof module (34) having front and rear roof pillars (36, 42) approximately level with the side wall edge of the body to a elementary module (12) is mounted, and wherein the front and rear roof pillars (36,42) of the roof module (34) via a respective associated transverse support (57; 62, 64) are connected together, characterized, • that the rear roof pillars (42) via a supporting plate (60) a rear parcel shelf connected to each other, which is reinforced by the associated crossmember (62, 64), • that the basic module (12) includes a vehicle located in transversely extending support arrangement (66), • has extending in the vehicle vertical direction of the carrier (68,70) which extends over a height on a carriage base (14) cross beams (54) are connected to each other, wherein • the support assembly (66) by the support plate (60) of the roof module (34) is closed to a support frame.


Purpose of the study: This study was designed to assess the role of leptin in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) by searching for its presence in the synovial fluid (SF), tissues, and cartilage of osteoarthritic joints in humans and by observing the effect of intra-articular injections of leptin in the rat. Material and methods: The leptin level in SF was measured (ELISA) in twenty patients (ten female, ten male, mean age 70 years). Presence of leptin, TGF beta and IGF1 in cartilage (and osteophytes) was detected by immunohistochemistry after histological evaluation (Mankin). In the rat, leptin was injected into the knee joint at the dose of 30 and 100 μg. After the immunohistological study, proteoglycan synthesis was assessed (S35 integration) as was the expression of leptin, TGF beta1 and IGF1 using RT-PCR. Results: This study demonstrated for the first time the presence of leptin in synovial fluid (0.6–17.4 and 5.3–28.4 μg in male and female specimens respectively). There was a significant correlation with body mass index. Leptin was over expressed in chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage and was correlated with the histological score (leptin not detecable in normal cartilage). IGF1 and TGF beta1 were expressed in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. The topographic distribution and the intensity of labeling varied with the histological score. There was a strong expression of TGF beta 1 only in osteophytes. In the rat, leptin stimulated anabolic functions of the chondrocyte: maximal effect at 30 μg (medial tibial plateau) and 100 μg (lateral tibial plateau). Leptin over expressed transcripts IGF 1 and TGF beta 1. This effect was confirmed at the protein level. Discussion: Leptin is an adipocytokin which regulates food intake and energy expenditure at the hypothalamic level. A mechanical mechanism is the primary explanation of osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints in obese patients. But leptin is also present specifically in non-weight-bearing joints in obese subjects. A biological factor is thus incriminated which might be leptin produced by adipose tissue. Leptin is overexpresssed in the cartilage of the osteoarthritic knee. This is in favor of a role for leptin in the pathogenesis of OA via synthesis of TGF beta 1 and IGF 1. This effect of leptin could explain the relationship between body mass index and the risk factor for osteoarthritis.


A second order filter with a pair of poles was used as prototype.Π-T network equivalent transformation was used for inductor network to reduce impedance thereby reducing the area occupied.T-shape inductor network can be easily realized on one layer using LTCC technology.The transformation of inductor network simplified filter structure.T-stubs were also introduced to improve upper stop band characteristic,hardly affecting on band pass characteristic.The filter has bandwidth of 1 GHz,center frequency at 7.65 GHz,size of 4 mm×3 mm×0.6 mm.The filter was mounted on PCB to be tested,the total insertion loss of microstrip,SMA connector and filter was less than 1.8 dB.


University Ss, 25 men and 25 women, rendered aesthetic preferences for original vs mirror-image views of each of 12 pictures. The stimuli used allowed a prediction of liking for 6 originals and 6 reversals. Prediction was based on the following properties of lateral organization: (a) pattern of lighting, (b) profile orientation, (c) handedness characteristics, (d) quadrant distribution of important objects, and (e) ease of entering the picture space. Two predictions were confirmed, while no differences in the opposite direction achieved significance. In a supplemental study with 18 boys and 20 girls in fourth grade, only one prediction was sustained, but this replicated a confirmation for the older Ss. Again, no differences in the nonpredicted direction reached significance. The results encourage expanded study.


A hypoplastic model is formulated to simulate the nonlinear and irreversible behavior of loose and dense sands. Hypoplasticity provides a theoretical framework that is simpler than elastoplasticity. The failure surface that is assumed fixed in stress space is chosen as the bounding surface. All the hypoplastic properties (flow and yield directions and plastic modulus) are defined as functions of the distance to the bounding surface. The model is formulated in terms of stress invariants', the influence of Lode angle is accounted for by using an adjustable Lode dependence. The incremental stress‐strain relationships are inverted and derived in a format compatible with solution techniques, such as finite element methods. The model has 12 material constants calibrated from triaxial tests. Based on the comparison of predicted and experimental results on loose and dense Sacramento River sands, it is concluded that the model is capable of predicting the drained and undrained behavior of loose and dense sands.


The study intended to answer the following objectives: a) to describe the experiences of operating room staff nurses as they go on duty in the area with the student nurses; b) to identify gaps and challenges; c) to describe their coping mechanisms employed to the identified problems. The descriptive exploratory method, which utilized in this study, is concerned with a picture of a situations as they naturally occur; exploration and description of a phenomenon in real-life situation. The descriptive method of research is the most appropriate since this study described the learning experiences of staff nurses assigned in the operating room as they interact with student nurses. The target population of this research survey is the staff nurses who are assigned in the operating room of a hospital. The study was conducted in two of the hospitals in Cagayan de Oro City. This study employed purposive-exploratory method in selecting the respondents to be studied. The researchers purposively chose informants, who were seen as able to add, support or reflect the developing theory in relation to the aims of the study (Crooks, 2004). A qualitative approach was used making use of a set of guide question for an in depth interview. Five out of six of the respondents said that the students need practice and supervision from them. Students who required a lot of supervision consumed more time to work with because the staff nurse had to help in coaching them to complete thetask. The nursing staffs know their roles also as educators and had to practice in demonstrating their patience and understanding when working with students. Nursing staff also related that it was helpful to spend with each student to determine their competency and in order to establish a trust relationship. The nurses also expressed frustration when working with problem students. It increased their workload and slowing the nurses down by taking too much of their time. Other nurses said that the students helped in decreasing decreased their workload and sometimes it give them a time to work on other routine activities in the area when they are together with some active students. Keywords - Coping Mechanism, Gaps and Challenges, Experiences, Strategies, Student Nurses, Operating Nurse.


Fault identification of electrohydraulic servo valves is crucial to maintain the reliability and safety of high-precision electrohydraulic servo systems. Because the nonlinear characteristics and fault characteristics of electrohydraulic servo systems under noise conditions are implicit, it is difficult to obtain a large number of fault data of electrohydraulic servo valves. Therefore, an electrohydraulic servo valve fault diagnosis model based on characteristic distillation is proposed in this paper. First, the original fault data model is obtained based on an electrohydraulic servo valve fault test platform, the data are standardized, and the data of more than one cycle are extracted using a combination of down sampling and a sliding window for data enhancement. Second, a neural network fault diagnosis algorithm based on stack graph convolution is proposed, which is suitable for detecting different types of states (normal state, wear state, stuck state and coil short-circuit state) of electrohydraulic servo valves. The accuracy of the test set fluctuates between 0.7 and 1.0. Then, because there is a certain relationship between the characteristic smoothing phenomenon of a stack graph convolution model and the number of layers, a multilayer stack graph convolution model is bound to have problems such as model degradation. Therefore, a residual model is introduced into the stack model to improve the convergence speed of the model during the optimization process. The results show that the average accuracy of this method is 100%.


Textbooks in soil mechanics for undergraduate, postgraduate and professional use have been published since 1941. Most of them cover the use of flow nets to illustrate or solve problems in seepage. A review of a number of such textbooks reveals that the examples of flow nets provided are often few in number, and greatly simplified. Many of the example illustrations contain errors that are of the 'schoolboy howler' kind and which have not been corrected from edition to edition of a particular textbook. Perhaps more controversially, there are cases where illustrations from one source appear to have been reproduced in different books by different authors, complete with the errors. The flow net technique predates the first comprehensive textbook on soil mechanics and so has been fully understood throughout the period covered by the review; these inconsistencies are therefore difficult to explain away as the graphical equivalent of the typographical error or as something that was not understood fully at the tim...


W. K. Collins, W. A. Russell, and S. A. Eberhart CORN Belt plants of Zea mays L. have been selected for many years to produce only one harvestable ear. Before harvesting was mechanized, factors responsible for the selection pressure of one-ear types were: (a) farmers found it more convenient to harvest one large ear from a plant than several smaller ears; (b) seed for planting usually came from large ears selected from one-ear plants, and this tended to perpetuate one-ear types; and (c) corn shows were very popular in the era before hybrid corn and mechanized corn production and large ears usually won honors at these shows. Changes in ideas of ear size and type and wide scale use of mechanical harvesters have eliminated some of the reasons for growing one-ear-type hybrids. Southern prolific-type corns have been shown (2, 5, 6, 7, 11) to be less subject to genotype X environment interactions than adapted single-ear types. During the past 10 years, corn breeders have been examining the possibilities that prolific-type corn may have in the Corn Belt. Farmers are ultimately interested in total yield per se; however, they are highly interested in hybrids that are able to adjust favorably to changing environmental conditions. Most farmers are willing to sacrifice some yield potential to obtain a well-adapted hybrid that is likely to produce an aboveaverage yield under a wide range of uncontrollable environmental conditions. High yielding, two-ear types may be useful in the Corn Belt if they could be shown to interact less with changing environmental conditions than one-ear types. The genetic capacity of certain corn hybrids to produce two ears was investigated as a factor in genotype X environment interactions. Specifically, the objectives were (a) to compare the consistency of yield of 3 types of single crosses: 1-ear X 1-ear, 1-ear X 2-ear, and 2-ear X 2-ear at 4 planting rates, and (b) to relate the performance of the single crosses to degree of second-ear development.


Howard Marshall, professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Aberdeen, is well known as a stalwart of evangelical Christianity. In this book, originally two lectures at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, he has taken up the challenge of what is once again one of the storm centres in evangelical thought, and has done so with the careful and cautious scholarship which is his hallmark. At first, on the Bible's testimony to itself and the meaning of inspiration, he does not seem to move the discussion beyond J. L Packer's influential treatment of Fundamentalism, with the opportunity for a thorough discussion of important recent contributions by P. J. Achtemeier and W. J. Abraham only taken up in part. In particular, the correlation between 'inspiring' (God speaks now through Scripture) and 'inspired' needs more careful analysis, and the claim that 'New Testament writers regard the statements in the Old Testament as having unquestioned authority' (p.23) does surely need to be more carefully correlated with the recognition on the next page that much of the OT teachings had been 'superseded', 'lost their validity', and were regarded as 'no longer binding' on the first Christians. The subsequent discussion of 'the results of inspiration', however, is more carefully nuanced. Marshall justifiably warns that 'a concern for the truth of the Bible in every part may be too narrow and even inappropriate' (p.53). The student of the Bible must always ask questions like 'true for what purpose?', 'true for whom?'. Such features as 'historical approximation' and even 'historical error' need not be regarded as incompatible with the Bible's character as the Word of God, or with a belief in its entire trustworthiness for its divinely intended purpose. Since even upholders of biblical inerrancy have to reckon with textual uncertainties and disputed problems of interpretation, 'a further measure of uncertainty at the level of the original text does not greatly affect the situation' (p.69). The following chapter is an exposition of 'the grammatico-historical method' of biblical study. 'A self-critical biblical criticism is indispensable and ... the devout seeker after God's truth has nothing to fear from it' (p.93). And the question, 'How are we to interpret the Bible?', is answered by rightly stressing the primacy of the meaning which the original authors intended to convey to the original readers. As the author himself predicts, he will probably draw fire from both sides of the debate about the Bible: from his academic colleagues for reverting to such oversimplified conservative constructs as 'biblical Christianity', from his more conservative admirers for championing the slogan 'infallibility' against the current favourite 'inerrancy'. All the more praise to him that, with passions running high, he has chosen to present such an eirenic middle way. It would be a heartening sign if his quiet counsel was given the hearing and allowed the influence it deserves.


Abstract The fourth estate's power, in many African countries, has been restricted and its role as a catalyst of change in civil society curtailed. The ensuing information gap provided fertile ground for alternative forms of communication, to take centre stage. A parallel market of information has been facilitated by new technologies that circumvent government censorship. On 1 August 2013, heavy rains in the Sudan triggered flash floods that affected more than 530 000 citizens. The government failed to aid those affected and created a media blackout. More than 12 000 Sudanese volunteers created a horizontal network of citizens participating in a community-led initiative. The Nafeer campaign united the fragmented discourse, demonstrating that using ICTs to mobilise citizens is not contingent on the number of people with access, but on how access is channeled.


We read with great interest the recent article by Coelho et al. (2019) about the remedial course for students who had received grades of '"Unsatisfactory"', or '"Borderline"' in any "Applied Dental Knowledge (ADK)" progress test. As fifth-year medical students, we commend the course offered, specifically the use of "face-to-face" interactions to help plan individualized strategies. We thought the idea of aiding students to acknowledge obstacles, "intrinsic, extraneous and germane", to be of great importance in the student's long-term learning. This is something we have both been taught pre-university, although would happily revisit during our degree. We were impressed that individual tutors could be allocated; however, we queried whether this would enable all students to be given adequate teachers. In our experience of small group teaching, although the lesson is the same, the efficacy of learning is varied according to the facilitator. As is highlighted in the study, students have varied learning styles, therefore, we would expect students to interact more/less positively with different tutors. Also, if this were to be introduced to a larger cohort, there might be a struggle to find adequate facilitators. The results of the study suggest that students who have accepted the remedial course improve to a greater extent than students who declined. However, we feel it is important to keep participation voluntary as any coercion to attend would detract from the support offered and further increase stress at this time. We also believe the mere acceptance of participation shows receptiveness to try different techniques to pass the exam, which may be a confounding factor in the results. We believe the course highlights vital issues with how current curriculum is taught, such as lack of individualized teaching and strategizing how to learn. We feel implementing some of these methods used in the remedial course into the general curriculum may help facilitate learning and respect the student's autonomy in learning. This, we believe, should not just be restricted to those who have failed and may even help students achieve the grades required first time round. The faculty interaction given via the remedial session is of the utmost importance for students to feel supported during such a long and academically rigorous degree and we believe would be a valuable addition to any course, especially after failing an exam.


We develop a protocol for using a well known lawyer-coded data set on Material Adverse Change/Effect clauses in acquisitions agreements to tokenize and calibrate a machine learning algorithm of textual analysis. Our protocol, built on both regular expression (RE) and latent semantic analysis (LSA) approaches, is designed to replicate, correct, and extend the reach of the hand-coded data. Our preliminary results indicate that both approaches perform well, though a hybridized approach improves predictive power even more. We employ Monte Carlo simulations show that our results generally carry over to out-of-sample predictions. We conclude that similar approaches could be used much more broadly in empirical legal scholarship, most specifically in the study of transactional documents in business law.


The article presents the image of an exemplary guardian and nobleman in the practices of noble guardianships of the Russian Empire (on the basis of normative acts and archival materials of the State Archives of Zhytomyr region). Separately were investigated: the issues of natural guardianships, the appointment of women as guardians and corporate solidarity in the performance of the duty of guardians. The analysis of the historiographical database revealed that this topic has an insufficient level of research in Ukrainian and foreign historiography. At the same time, regulatory acts and archival sources create the necessary basis for noble guardianships proper study. It was established that the requirements for guardians are directly related to the ethos of noble state. The main thing between them are: proper education, moderation, rationality and loyalty to the authorities. As for the pragmatic side, the nobles obliged: the absence of cruelty in the treatment of peasants, life according to income level, the lack of a tendency to waste and obedience in the implementation of the prescriptions of state authorities. In the course of the study, it was possible to distinguish two characteristic features of the noble guardianships. The first is the view of the minor as a future full-fledged representative of the nobility, and his upbringing in accordance with this. The second is the manifestation of a controlling function, both over the nobility ethos and its financial situation. The latter was directly related to ensuring the strategic stability of the monarchy.


By building evaluation index system of county economic development along the coast of Shandong Province, based on the statistical data in 2011, and using the principal components analysis method in SPSS, the paper analyzes quantitatively and sorts the level of 20 counties' economic development in Shandong Province coastal area. The 20 counties are divided into three types, and a number of suggestions are provided for the development of county economy.


Air-showering physics may rise in next years at horizon, offering at different angles and altitudes a fine tuned and a filtered Cosmic Rays astrophysics and a Neutrino induced air-showering astronomy; this is possible because of neutrino masses, their mixing and the consequent replenishment of rarest tau flavor during neutrino flight into interstellar spaces. Earth edges and its sharp shadows is a huge detector volume for UHE neutrino and a noise-free screen mostly for tau air-showers (as well PeVs anti-neutrino electron air interactions). Satellite BATSE might, in last decade, already recorded such Upgoing tau airshowers as Terrestrial Gamma Flashes. ASHRA in Hawaii and CRNTN in Utah are tracking such fluorescence lights, while other projects on Crown array detectors for Cherenkov signals on mountains, on balloons and satellites are being elaborated and tested to Tau Air-Showers neutrinos: AUGER, facing the Ande edges, ARGO located within a deep valley may both test inclined showers from the mountains; MILAGRO (and MILAGRITO) on the top mountain may all both be triggered by horizontal up-going muon bundles from the Earth edges; HIRES and better AUGER detectors, linking twin telescopes or array scintillators along their telescope axis may test horizontal Cerenkov blazing photons as well as nearby Tau airshowers. MAGIC (or Veritas or Shalon) Telescopes pointing downward to terrestrial ground acts, for EeV Tau neutrino air-showers astronomy, as a massive tens of km 3 water equivalent detector, making it at present the most powerful dedicated neutrino telescope. MAGIC facing the sea edges must also reveal mirrored downward UHECR Air-showers Cherenkov flashes. Magic-crown systems may lead to largest neutrino detectors in near future. They maybe located on top mountains, on planes or balloons and in satellite arrays. Amplified Tau-airshower at horizons may well open a blazing windows, at PeV-EeV energy, to Neutrino Astronomy.


This brief presents a novel architecture to implement a resource-efficient inference accelerator for binary convolutional neural networks (BCNN). The proposed architecture consistently processes each constituent block of a network in an output-oriented manner. It skips the redundant operations that are involved with the elements within a pooling window after the pooling result is determined as well as the operations with respect to the padded zeros. A BCNN inference accelerator has been implemented based on the proposed architecture using an FPGA. The resource efficiency is as high as 41.45M-OP/s/LUT in the CIFAR-10 classification task. The functionality of the proposed accelerator has been verified by implementing a fully-integrated BCNN inference system including an MCU.


In this narrative, I step into the shoes of someone who has lived with gynaecomastia - male breasts. Using the imaginary character of Aarav, I reflect on the themes of the stigma associated with body image, the courage to face it, and the role human relationships can play in fostering self-acceptance.


Correctional institutions were founded in part to control the deviance of others. Yet ironically, and in a strange tautological sense, throughout their history, jails and prisons have been bedeviled by the immoral, unprofessional, or unethical behavior of their own staff. For some staff, the temptations that power presents in closed, "total institutions" have been too great, and they have been too human to resist its lure. As a remedy, western correctional institutions have undergone a series of reform movements over the past 200 years that have focused on the eradication of unethical behavior and the reinforcement of professionalism. The writings featured in this issue might be seen as a contribution to that ongoing professionalism movement. We decided to promote and edit a special ethics-dedicated issue of The Prison Journal for several reasons. First, we believe that there is not enough discussion among correctional scholars and practitioners about ethical behavior at either a macro or a micro level. Second, most of the best work on ethics in criminal justice has focused on the behavior of police officers, their role, and their organization. Most of the books on ethics have had a police focus, with at most a chapter or two devoted to corrections. Articles devoted to ethics topics in practitioner publications are not likely to reach academics, nor are academically prepared articles on the topic typically read by practitioners. We also thought the topic would be timely because the crisis in ethics in corrections continues. Although great strides in professionalizing corrections have been made, the much discussed incarceration explosion, the declining oversight role of courts in jail and prison operation, the privatization movement, and the shortage of qualified staff who will work for relatively low wages in correctional institutions all portend dark days ahead for jails or prisons striving to instill and reinforce an ethical code of behavior in the workplace. These articles represent a point of departure for discussion. The perceptions of jail and prison workers vis-à-vis ethical behavior is discussed in the Stohr, Hemmens, Kifer, and Schoeler piece titled "We Know It, We Just Have


High-temperature superconducting compounds generally consist of very small crystalline grains. The two-stage image processing technique [1] based on the combination of high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction is effective to determine the crystal structure for materials of such kind. In the first stage the high-resolution electron microscope image taken at an arbitrary defocus condition is transformed into the structure image by image deconvolution [2]. In general not all atoms can be seen in such obtained structure image, because the image resolution is limited by the resolution of the electron microscope. In the second stage the electron diffraction data is introduced to enhance the image resolution to the diffraction resolution limit by means of the phase extension technique using the direct method developed in X-ray crystallography [3]. Usually all atoms are resolved in the final projected potential map (PPM).


The rapid evolution of technology in Management Information Systems has enabled easy access to a huge amount of complex and specialized business information. The vast amount of business information has created the need for investigating ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of information retrieval techniques for querying business information. Among the different types of business information, information about business processes has been leveraged with dedicated languages, methods and tools. Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) is an international standard for modeling business processes. In this paper, we first develop the appropriate business process models of a complex real-life scenario using BPMN and we then represent process models in the form of an ontology business process model. We, next, query the two models with the same queries: the BPMN model using a query language for object-oriented databases and the semantic model using the SPARQL ontology-based search language. We compare the two query methods, discuss the results and explain the benefits of using semantics-based information retrieval techniques when dealing with business process information.


PURPOSE: An operation device of an optical transponder is provided to maintain a signal in an optical transponder where a digital wrapper is mounted, so that the optical transponder can efficiently monitor and manage an OCH(Optical Channel) regardless of a client signal transmitted by using an overhead of the digital wrapper. CONSTITUTION: An interrupt processor(223) of a digital wrapper(21) processes an interrupt signal generated according to monitored results of a receiving signal. A failure and maintenance signal detector(224) decides whether a failure is generated from the receiving signal or the receiving signal is maintained, under control of the interrupt processor(223). A failure and maintenance signal processor(225) processes a failure if the failure is detected or canceled in the failure and maintenance signal detector(224). A digital wrapper controller(227) controls the digital wrapper(21) according to processed results of the failure and maintenance signal processor(225).


Abstract : This document contains three technical papers: (1) 'Surface Flaw Effects on Crack Propagation from Subsonic Water Drop Impact' The effects of surface flaws on ceramic target damage from subsonic water drop impacts are investigated using numerical code simulations based on fundamental wave propagation and fracture mechanics concepts. (2) 'Effects of Surface Pores in Silicon Nitride Impacted by a Water Drop' A water drop impacting directly on a surface pore may significantly increase the probability of crack formation and growth near the pore boundary. (3) 'Strain Energy Release Associated with Circumferential Cracks Around Embedded Particles' Numerical code simulations are used to determine the strain energy release associated with circumferential cracks around spherical particles embedded in tension within homogeneous matrix materials.


A field experiment using metribuzin @ 210 and 422 0 g.i. ha−1 was conducted on wheat crop during the winter season. The estimation of metribuzin (Sencor) in formulation, soiil grain and straw was carried out using HPLC. No detectable amount (lmg kg−1) of metribuzin persisted in soil, and grain and straw of wheat at harvest.


This paper deals with the characterization of an active front end used typically in the automotive area. This requires the measurement of the transfer function for low frequency (functional area) and for RF frequencies (non functional area, EMC-behavior). Either high impedance probes or impedance matching networks are needed to connect the circuit output to a vector network analyzer (VNA). The advantages and disadvantages of several standard procedures are discussed. A new setup is presented allowing a one step characterization.


This paper reports the achievements of using the stable form of the natural clay, locally available in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India, as a base material of geopolymer concrete with flyash. The laboratory and field study shows the strength development and acid resistant of Clay-Fly ash geopolymer mortar and concrete with dissimilar ingredients, specimen sizes and heating temperature. A silty natural clay without calcination is used as a pozzolanic component with low calcium Class F-flyash brought from Mettur Thermal Power Unit, Tamilnadu as well as fine aggregate with manufacturing sand in different combinations. The moisture content in the clay is adjusted with the total volume of liquid used for geopolymer manufacturing. The considered factors are FA/Clay ratio, Alkaline activator ratio, M-Sand/Clay ratio, molding moisture content, specimen sizes, curing temperature, rest period and NaOH concentration. Alkali solution for this study is prepared with the mixture of Sodium silicate and different molarities of Sodium hydroxide solution with the proportion ratio 1. The mortar test specimens were 70x70x70 mm cubes, 50x 100 mm cylinders and concrete test specimens were 150x150x150mm cubes, 100 x 300 mm cylinders heat cured at 600C/800C in an oven. The grades selected for the experimental investigation were M 25, M 30 and M 40 and the mixes were designed for the molarity of 8M, 10M and 12M.


The paper presents results on holographic recording of transformations in live HeLa cells photosensitized by Radachlorin sensitizer in the course of their laser irradiation and after the treatment. The analysis of cells response is given.


Microcrystal sizes below 100 Å can in principle be easily measured from an analysis of the Raman-Stokes line shape. Richter et al.1 have shown that the confinement of phonons inside silicon grains of spherical shape leads to downshifting, broadening, and asymmetrization of the Raman line. In their model, phonons with finite wave vectors contribute to the line through an uncertainty principle argument. For the phonon envelope function, Richter selected a Gaussian whose magnitude is one-half at the grain boundary. We have now calculated the Stokes line for various microcrystalline semi-conductors as a function of grain size, assuming different envelope functions, and in particular that predicted by a simple theory. In silicon, we obtain significant departures from the size which can be deduced from Richter's calculations. This may explain the often observed discrepancy between Raman and TEM results.2 In addition, we have calculated the Stokes line for various shapes, including columnar grains. These calculations are compared to measurements that we performed in various microcrystalline films having spherical or columnar grains. Finally, we discuss the influence of surface phonons, intragrain defects, and grain boundary material.


In a high-temperature fixed bed burner with charcoal as bed meterial,experiments of tar destruction were performed in gasification process of a 120 kWh BFB gasifier with wood powder as feedstock.Tar was absorbed by cool solvent and analyzed by gravimetric method before and after tar destruction.The result shows that a series of physical chemistry processes(e.g.tar obsorbed by charcoal,thermal destruction of tar and catalytic destruction of tar by ash of char) which occurred almost simultaneously in high temperature charcoal bed will effectively decreas the tar content in producer gas and a gas with about 5 MJ/m3 of LHV was produced at the same time.


"He has gleaned from debates, reports and other sources to establish his thesis that the President controls foreign relations so far as they are controlled by the United States."


Abstract : The treatment of intoxications (2xLD5O) with sarin, DDVP and pyridostigmine (s.c.) was studied in rats. The animals were s.c. injected with toxic chemicals and treated (i.m.) with atropine, atropine and obidoxime (omitted for pyridostigmine), sodium bicarbonate (i.p.), atropine (i.m.) and sodium bicarbonate (i.p.). The start of treatment was at the onset of convulsions. Acetyleholinesterase (AChE) activity and pH in thc blood (different time intervals) and AChE activity in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, pontomedullar part and hippocampus were determined (after death or 24 h). In intoxications with all compounds studied, rapid decrease of the blood AChE activity was observed. In the brain, AChE activity was decreased with the exception of pyridostigmine. Detected pH in the blood showed its decrease following intoxication. In sarin intoxication, the only atropine and obidoxime showed minimal therapeutic effect (lO% of survival). In case of DDVP, theraputic effect increased in following manner: bicarbonate (8O% lethality) < atropine (60% lethality) < atropine and bicarbonate (50% lethality)< atropine and obidoxime (30% lethality). Therapeutic efficacy in case of pyndostigmine was increased in the following manner: bicarbonate (80% lethality)<atropine (50% lethality) <(atropine and bicarbonate (20% lethality). The results indicate that administration of bicarbonate improves the therapy of organophosphate and pyridostigmine intoxication.


for axial inflammatory arthritis in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2010;37:809–15. 31. Queiro R, Torre JC, Gonz alez S, L opez-Larrea C, Tintur e T, L opez-Lagunas I. HLA antigens may influence the age of onset of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003;30: 505–7. 32. Gladman DD, Farewell VT. The role of HLA antigens as indicators of disease progression in psoriatic arthritis: multivariate relative risk model. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:845–50. 33. McGonagle D, Marzo-Ortega H, O'Connor P, Gibbon W, Pease C, Reece R, et al. The role of biomechanical factors and HLA–B27 in magnetic resonance imaging–determined bone changes in plantar fascia enthesopathy. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:489–93. 34. Polachek A, Cook R, Chandran V, Gladman DD, Eder L. The association between sonographic enthesitis and radiographic damage in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017;19:189. 35. Gudj onsson JE, K arason A, Antonsd ottir AA, R unarsd ottir EH, Gulcher JR, Stef ansson K, et al. HLA-Cw6-positive and HLACw6-negative patients with Psoriasis vulgaris have distinct clinical features. J Invest Dermatol 2002;118:362–5. 36. Ho PY, Barton A, Worthington J, Thomson W, Silman AJ, Bruce IN. HLA-Cw6 and HLA-DRB1*07 together are associated with less severe joint disease in psoriatic arthritis. Ann RheumDis 2007;66:807–11.


The ability to communicate information secretly has been important for many centuries and is an integral part of life in modern society. However, cryptographic systems in use today rely on unproven mathematical assumptions, such as the dif culty of factoring large integers. This means that if fast procedures for factoring large integers are discovered, the whole privacy and discretion of cryptosystems could vanish instantly. For example, the celebrated algorithm of Shor12 demonstrates that quantum computers can perform factoring much faster than classical computers. Clearly current security technology is highly vulnerable to unexpected mathematical discoveries, increase in computing power, and to the advent of new technologies. Although the possibility of a quantum–mechanical computer is a threat to cryptosystems in use today, the use of quantum effects can also enable more powerful modes of secure communication. Quantum Cryptography, or more speci cally Quantum Key Distribution, uses the laws of physics to provide a provably secure8 method of distributing keys. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, as well as the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, can be exploited in a system of secure communication, which, in principle, is unbreakable.


1. Introduction John Whitney Hall 2. The sixteenth-century unification Asao Naohiro 3. The social and economic consequences of unification Wakita Osamu 4. The bakuhan system John Whitney Hall 5. The han Harold Bolitho 6. The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea George Elison 7. Christianity and the daimyo George Elison 8. Thought and religion: 1550-1700 Bito Masahide 9. Politics in the eighteenth century Tsuji Tatsuya 10. The village and agriculture during the Edo period Furushima Toshio 11. Commercial change and urban growth in early modern Japan Nakai Nobuhiko and James L. McClain 12. History and nature in eighteenth-century Tokugawa thought Tetsuo Najita 13. Tokugawa society: material culture, standard of living, and life-styles Susan B. Hanley 14. Popular culture Donald B. Shiveley Glossary Index.


Compared to other countries in terms of per capita GDP, China is 15% percent lower given its level of urbanization, showing symptoms of excessive industrialization, lag in urbanization, and serious distortions between the structure of GDP and that of employment. The causes for that are the practices of anti-urbanization policies since the founding of the People's Republic of China, particularly since the 1960s. However, the notion for the crucial impacts of urbanization on China's economy and social development has not been thoroughly understood, even after the year 1978 when China began to adopt the reform and opening-up policy. The strategies, frameworks and policies of Chinese urbanization are mixture of hesitation and resistant forces. Economic and social problems, such as the urban-rural gap, are due largely to the urbanization lag. In a word, the lag in urbanization since 1978 is the major factor for various problematic issues in China's economic and social development.


Transport properties of metallic single-wall nanotubes are examined based on the Luttinger liquid theory. Focusing on a nanotube transistor setup, the linear conductance is computed from the Kubo formula using perturbation theory in the lead-tube tunnel conductances. For sufficiently long nanotubes and high temperature, phonon backscattering should lead to an anomalous temperature dependence of the resistivity.


Applications of flame photometry to the analysis of metallurgical products are not so widespread as the utility of the technique warrants. The method should be of interest to analysts in production and control laboratories, especially where no spectrographic facilities are available. Among the conventional combustible gases, an oxygenacetylene flame, into which is aspirated an organic solvent, offers the optimum excitation conditions. In such a flame more than 57 elements are excited, and 43 of these can be determined with high sensitivity. The emission sensitivities of these elements are tabulated elsewhere, with those pertinent to metallurgical analysis included. If the limits of detection are of interest, the compilation by Gilbert should be consulted. An advantage of flame photometry is that, compared to an arc or spark source, flames excite fewer lines of each element, making less difficult the establishment of reproducible conditions of excitation and sample introduction by means of an aerosol. The development of the oxygen-cyanogen flame offers promise for the excitation line spectra of elements whose lines are weak or absent in oxygen-hydrogen or oxygen-acetylene flames. The methods used for preparing the sample, injection into the flame, and flame analysis are described for the alkali metals. Al, Be, B,more » Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga. In, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pt metals, rare earths, Ag. and Zn. (B.O.G.)« less


Education is the prime driver of sustainable development. All aspects of education have critical roles to play in achieving sustainable development. The roles of the following aspects of education in sustainable development have been examined in this paper:. Future education, Basic education, interdisciplinary and Re-orientation education, Student-centered education, Authentic education, Gender education, Citizenship education, Education for Culture of peace and Respect for Human Rights, Health education, Population education, Education for Protecting and Managing Natural Resources, Education for Sustainable Consumption, Adult and Community education, Technical and Vocational education, Higher education and Teacher education. It is recommended that all aspects of education be developed and employed for sustainable development in all countries. Introduction Since 1992, an international consensus has emerged that achieving sustainable development is essentially a process of learning. The critical role of education was stresses at all the major United Nations conferences following Rio including those on human right in Vienna in 1993, population and development in Cairo in 1994, small Island developing states in Barbados in 1994, social development in Copenhagen in 1995, women in Beijing in 1995, food security in Rome in 1996, and human settlements in Istanbul in 1996. Just as we had learnt to live unsustainably, we now need to learn our way out to learn how to live sustainable. Education for sustainable development is an emerging but dynamic concept the encompasses a new vision of education, which seeks to empower people of all ages to assume responsibility for creating a new sustainable future (Hopkins et al 1996). Linking social, economic, political and environmental concern is a crucial aspect of suitable development. Creating such links demands a deeper, more ambitious way of thinking about education as one that retains a commitment to critical analysis while fostering creativity and innovations. In short, it demands that education promotes a system of ethics and values that is sensitive to cultural dialogue, democratic decision-making and the appropriate use and management of natural resources. Seen as a social learning for sustainability, education can increase concern about sustainable practices and increase our capacity to confront and master change. Education not only informs people, it can change them. As a means for personal enlightenment and for cultural renewal, education is only central to sustainable development; it is humanity's best hope and most effective means in the quest to achieve it. (Scott and Gough, 2004). The Concept of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Clarifying the concept of education for sustainable development was a major challenge for educators during the last decade. Some people argued that educating for sustainable development ran the risk of indoctrination, while others wondered whether asking schools to take a lead in the transition to sustainable development was asking too much of teachers. Consequently, many international, regional, and national initiatives have contributed to an expanded and refined understanding of the meaning for sustainable development. For example, the Education International, the major umbrella group of teacher's unions and associations in the world, issued a declaration and action plan to promote sustainable development through education. Similarly, statements and guidelines were issued in support of reorienting education by regional councils of ministers of education and/or environment in the European Union, in Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Organization of American States (OAS), and the South African Development Community (SADC) countries and the South Pacific. The Nigerian Academic Forum Volume 19 No. 2 November, 2010 2 Many regional strategies or action plans have been developed. A common call in all of these is the need for an integrated approach through all government ministries (e.g. education, health, environment, finance, agriculture, industry and consumer affairs etc) collaborates in developing a shared understanding of and commitment to policies, strategies and programmes of education for sustainable development. International conservation organizations, such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation (IUC) are also actively promoting the integration of education into sustainable development at local community, national and eco-regional scales. In addition, many individual governments have established committees, panels, advisory councils and curriculum development projects to discuss education for sustainable development, development policy and appropriate support structures, programmes and resources and fund local initiatives (Scout and Gough, 2004). These many initiatives illustrate that the international community now strongly believes that we need to foster through education, the values, behaviour, and lifestyle required for a sustainable future. Future Education For thousands of years human societies have proved that living sustainably as healthy and happy individuals within caring, stable families and communities in harmony with the natural world is possible. The long-term sustainability of indigenous economic and cultural systems is the result of indigenous systems of education that established a human and natural ecology totally in union with each other. Unfortunately, indigenous knowledge and wisdom have been undermined by the experience of colonization, industrialization and globalization. By and large, indigenous priorities and systems of education have been supplanted by the somewhat narrow view that culture and the environment are valuable only in so far as they are economically productive. The consequent disregard for the land and culture has meant that knowledge, values and skills for living sustainably have been underplayed in contemporary education. Future education, if it is true that all education is for the future, needs to become more explicit element in all levels of education. As education for sustainable development is education for a future that we cannot yet predict, it is important that education programmes seek to develop skills for understanding and anticipating change and for facing the future with courage and hope. This would involve coming to realize that the future is a human creation, made by our decisions, and that in a democratic society; people have the right, in deed an obligation, to contribute positively to a sustainable future. This would involve learning how to learn, how to analyze and solve complex problems, how to think creatively and critically about the future, and how to anticipate and make our histories. These contribute to the stall of foresight and are all aspects of future orientation in education. Education for sustainable development has come to be seen as a process of learning how to make decisions that consider the long-term future of the economy, ecology and social well being of all communities. Building the capacity for such future-oriented thinking is a key task of education. This represents a new vision of education, one that helps students better understand the world in which they live, addressing the complexity and interconnectedness of problems, such as poverty, wasteful consumption, environmental degradation, urban decay, population growth, gender inequality, health, conflict, and the violation of human rights and threaten our future. This vision of education emphasizes a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to developing the knowledge and skills needed for a sustainable future, as well as changes in values, behaviour and lifestyles. This requires us to reorient education systems, policies and practices in order to empower everyone, young and old, to make decisions and act in culturally appropriate and locally relevant ways to redress the problems that threaten our common future. In this way, people of all ages can become empowered to develop and evaluate alternative visions of a sustainable future, and to fulfill these visions through working creatively with others. This vision emphasizes the key role of educators as agents of change. There are over 60 million teachers in the world and each one is a key agent for bringing about the changes in lifestyles and systems that we need but education is not confined to the classroom of formal education. As an approach to social living, education for sustainable development also encompasses the wide range of learning activities in a basic and post-basic education, technical and vocational training, tertiary education, and both non formal and informal learning by both young people and adults within V.N. Ogakwu, (Ph.D)


A. Bolley and suggests it would have been even greater had he come upon the Geist und Leben articles of 1949 earlier. For this reviewer, the veriest tyro in things psychological, this chapter is the most illuminating of all. Chapters devoted to the variations incidental to age, psychic structures, the pathological in religion, and social dimensions round off this small, orderly encyclopedia of the empirically verifiable and assessable in the life of the spirit.


Collins conjecture is examined in the dissociating molecules of H 2 and N 2 , the proportionality between the correlation energy and the entropy exists in the region close to the equilibrium bond length. Similar proportionality also exists between the kinetic energy and the entropy. On the other hand, the proportionality between the potential energy difference and the entropy expands over to a larger nuclear distance. The result suggests a new method to estimate the energy from the entropy. The entropy from the eigenvalue spectrum of 2-matrix is also discussed


Relative to younger. structures, in the western part they occupy a higher hypsometric posi- tion. The reason for the formation of this entire system may be a large asthenospheric flow which rises in the region of Lakshmi Planum and Maxwell Montes and which spreads and plunges in an easterly direction, taking with it deformed blocks of the lithosphere. .


This is an extremely thought-provoking book, by the professor of mathematics of the Masachusetts Institute of Technology. The subject matter ranges from mathematical calculators to the nerves and brain of the human body. It is the outcome of a monthly series of discussion meetings, the participants of which were mostly young scientists at the Harvard Medical School who gathered for dinner about a round table in Vanderbilt Hall. At each meeting, one of the group or an invited guest would read a paper on some scientific topic, generally one in which methods of methodology were the first consideration. General discussion followed, and the meetings were apparently not for those who were unable to stand frank criticism. The author, whose field is mathematics, was therefore exposed to experts in many different fields of biology and medicine. He soon became aware that there were common grounds and that the problems of one


On the example of the urbanized territories of Central Russia (the cities of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Tambov and others) geoecological aspects of environmental quality are considered. The content of anthropogenic pollutants in natural environments has been estimated. In the GIS environment, the levels of environmental risk for the population of large cities are calculated. A comprehensive geoecological zoning of the studied urbanized territories was carried out. Based on geoinformation technologies, a scheme of environmental and geochemical monitoring of an industrialized city has been developed.


In order to reveal the cutting mechanism of SiCp/Al particle reinforced composites, the micro structure model of random distribution of particles was established based on Python script language by using ABAQUS, the prediction of machined surface morphology and chip morphology was realized. The validity of the model is verified by comparing with the experimental results. Keywords— SiCp/Al composites; cutting simulation; surface morphology; chip morphology


The article is devoted to the state and development of language policy at the regional level. Taking into account the federal structure of the country and a high degree of language and ethnic diversity in the Russian regions there are significant differences in the organizational and substantive aspects of language policy, key principles and directions which are formulated at the federal level. The paper presents the methodological basis and practical implementation of the rating assessment of the activities of the authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation to preserve and support the native languages of the nations of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to develop and test a system of indicators characterizing the level of regional language policy. The key research methods were analysis, comparison, standardization, ranking. On the purposes of the study, analytical indicators were identified, which are available in the public domain on the official websites of state bodies and a number of other structures. Indicators are characterized by both quantitative and qualitative assessment. In terms of content, they were divided into 4 thematic clusters: tools for the implementation of state national policy in the region, including support, preservation and study of native languages of the nations of the Russian Federation; preservation and study of native languages in the field of education and science; preservation and study of native languages in the field of culture and art; preservation and study of native languages in the mass media. Due to significant differences between the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of language diversity, they were divided into 4 groups, which values of individual indicators, as well as the integral index and sub-indices were studied. In order to ensure data comparability, the procedure of data standardization is proposed in the methodology. As a result of the study, the assessment of individual indicators was carried out and the ranking of the subjects of the Russian Federation within each classification group was carried out according to the level of development of regional language policy. As a result, the leading regions (the Republic of Tatarstan, KhantyMansi Autonomous Area — Ugra, Ulyanovsk region) were identified, which can be considered benchmarks for other subjects of the Russian Federation of the corresponding classification group.


Gender mainstreaming was established as a major strategy for the promotion of gender equality in the Fourth World Conference of Women in 1995. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action called for gender mainstreaming in all Critical Areas of Concern established at the Fourth World Conference: Poverty, education, health, political decision-making, economy, human rights, violence against women, armed conflict, institutional mechanisms, environment, media and the girl child. The Platform for Action established that gender analysis should be undertaken on the situation and contributions of women as well as men in all areas, before actions are planned, such as development of policies or programmes. The importance of the gender mainstreaming strategy was reinforced in the twenty-third special session of the General Assembly to follow-up the implementation of the Platform for Action (June 2000).


Metabolomics data helps computational oncologists identify biomark-ers of disease and therapeutic response. During the conversion of a raw tissue sample into an observation in a metabolomics data matrix, the abundances of key metabolites of interest may not be recorded. Rather than discard the data and repeat the study which is missing measure-ments for metabolites of interest, a researcher could instead augment their old data with imputed metabolite abundances, saving time and money. This thesis describes a method to impute the abundances of unmeasured metabolites in batches of metabolomics data using non-negative matrix factorization. The method learns the abundance of an unmeasured metabolite by modeling metabolite covariation in datasets where the metabolite of interest is measured. It then transfers this knowledge to a hold-out dataset where the metabolite of interest is unmeasured. The e ↵ ectiveness of this imputation method is bench-marked with three test cases on Memorial Sloan Kettering's nine batch pancancer metabolomics dataset. The significance of the method is demonstrated in use cases such as biological interpretation of embed-dings and active learning of core features. The sensitivity of the model is analyzed through experiments on simulated metabolomics data.


With analysis of game theory,this paper puts harmonious society into the frame of organization theory to research the theoretic content,objective and way.With the game theory,organization theory can integrate social factors of law,politics,economy,culture into a whole theoretic frame.Organization harmony implies Nash Equilibrium(NE) of institutional game under collective rationality.The NE embodies equilibrium of profit dividing at first,then cooperative behavior rules.The NE embodies fair and just,motivation,and order.It asks government to enforce credible commitment;therefore its premise is democracy and law.Informal institution embodies honesty,credit and friendship.Definition of property rights can better the harmony between human and nature.The objective of construct harmonious society should focus on building organizational cooperative institution,and making an effort to reach the cooperative NE.Its ways include constructing democracy and law,building perfect institution of property rights,improving social security system,popularizing education and cultural construction.


Frequent and infrequent itemset mining are trending in data mining techniques. The pattern of Association Rule (AR) generated will help decision maker or business policy maker to project for the next intended items across a wide variety of applications. While frequent itemsets are dealing with items that are most purchased or used, infrequent items are those items that are infrequently occur or also called rare items. The AR mining still remains as one of the most prominent areas in data mining that aims to extract interesting correlations, patterns, association or casual structures among set of items in the transaction databases or other data repositories. The design of database structure in association rules mining algorithms are based upon horizontal or vertical data formats. These two data formats have been widely discussed by showing few examples of algorithm of each data formats. The efforts on horizontal format suffers in huge candidate generation and multiple database scans which resulting in higher memory consumptions. To overcome the issue, the solutions on vertical approaches are proposed. One of the established algorithms in vertical data format is Eclat.ECLAT or Equivalence Class Transformation algorithm is one example solution that lies in vertical database format. Because of its, fast intersection", in this paper, we analyze the fundamental Eclat and Eclatvariants such asdiffsetand sortdiffset. In response to vertical data format and as a continuity to Eclat extension, we propose a postdiffset algorithm as a new member in Eclat variants that use tidset format in the first looping and diffset in the later looping. In this paper, we present the performance of Postdiffset algorithm prior to implementation in mining of infrequent or rare itemset.Postdiffset algorithm outperforms 23% and 84% to diffset and sortdiffset in mushroom and 94% and 99% to diffset and sortdiffset in retail dataset.


Extensiveness has been characteristic of the pattern of our national economic growth for a long time.However,it is seriously restricted by the source and condition now.So it's the moment to change the pattern of economic growth.In this paper,it is regarded that the scientific idea of development has clarified the aim of economic growth.The change of economic growth is the specific reflection to push forward the scientific ideas.Led by that,we should make efforts from the aspects of thought,economic system,economic operational mechanism and scientific breakthrough in order to accelerate the basic change of our national economic growth.


This study investigates the effect of globalization on economic inequality in a country through the channel of education. We measure globalization by the KOF globalization index (a composite index consisting of elements of economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization), economic inequality by the Gini coefficient of consumption/income distributions, and education outcomes by mean years of schooling in a country. An econometric model using appropriate panel data techniques is estimated for a sample of about 150 countries over the period 1980-2013. The results suggest that globalization improves the situation of economic inequality in a country, i.e. inequality in the country decreases. However, the precondition to this is that the population of the country is very less educated. As the country becomes more globalized, and the educational outcomes improve, the restorative effects of globalization on income inequality go down. At a turnaround point of about 6.73 mean years of schooling, globalization works towards worsening income inequality. The empirical results are robust to the use of inequality index from a separate data source and the change in time span of the study (1980-2008).


The proceedings contain 8 papers. The topics discussed include: unilateral facet arthropathy in golfers;using sports medicine referral patterns in a primary care residency to identify areas for curricular development;does an athlete's relationship with sport impact their long term mental health?;non-contact lower extremity injury in soccer athletes and deviations from baseline maximal exertion;evaluation of multifactorial management of stress fractures;the effects of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety in NCAA division i athletes;differences in treatment for patients with psoas injuries;anxiety, depression and physical activity in injured adolescents;and non-contact lower extremity injury in soccer athletes and deviations from baseline maximal exertion.


ordinary Chinese people. It is a pity that the Blue Book's conclusion about the need for scientific works is drawn only on the basis of statistical analysis. There are no complementary essays to either interpret the phenomenon, or provide a way to resolve the problem. Regarding the documentaries about ordinary people's lives, such a potential is proven in the chapters on broad vision and case studies. Yet, as in the 2012 Blue Book, the research in this category of documentaries is neither thorough nor comprehensive. The only relevant essay collected in the book is Fan Lixin's article "On the Road to International Co-Productions of Independent Documentaries." Fan is an independent documentary author who discusses the road to the international market from the perspective of his personal experience, which shows only a narrow aspect of independent documentaries. As previously mentioned, the old ways of production need to be changed and more local documentary authors need to be nurtured and encouraged; they could become the main force to break CCTV's monopoly and institutionalization. As a matter of fact, there is a remarkable resource for independent documentary productions in the non-government arena which excels in quantity, quality, and variety of production. This aspect of documentary production should have been included in the Blue Book which is praised as being THE guidebook of Chinese documentaries. Attention to independent productions is at present seriously deficient; they deserve much more attention. It is anticipated that there will be broader and more in-depth analysis of the development of the film industry in the 2014 edition of the Blue Book.


The starting point for the present research paper is the concept of civic competence, which was originally formulated by R. Dahl. In the adopted model civic competence is viewed as a four-dimensional construct consisting of: cognitive competence, evaluative competence, normative competence and causative competence. The article comprises a project of implementation of this concept for the purpose of conducting research on local and regional communities as well as well as showing the possible ways of operationalization of the concept of civic competence.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves circulating contaminated water through a chemically active system which contains iron metal and a zeolite arranged in series, where the first element, through which water passes, is iron and the ratio of silicon oxide to aluminium oxide in the zeolite is greater than 50. In order to treat contaminated ground water, the water to undergo treatment is passed through permeable chemically active barriers lying perpendicular the flow of the ground water, where the chemically active medium of the barriers contains iron and zeolite. The zeolite used is characterised by channels with size between 2.6 and 7.4 Ǻ and the ratio Si/Al>200. The zeolite is selected from a group consisting of ZSM-5 zeolite, mordenite, Zeolite Y and zeolite beta. The zeolites are used in form of a composition with 40-60 wt % binding materials selected from aluminium oxide, silicon oxide and clay. EFFECT: cheap, highly efficient water treatment. 9 cl, 6 dwg, 5 tbl, 10 ex


Critical Issues in Communication: Looking Inward for Answers. Essays in Honor of K.E. Eapen. Srinivas R. Melkote and Sandhya Rao, eds. New Delhi, India: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd., 2001. 491 pp. $59.95 hbk. This volume is a diverse compilation of essays dedicated to Professor K.E. Eapen, a long-time communication and journalism educator and researcher who lives and works in India. In its pages, editors Srinivas Melkote and Sandhya Rao have successfully brought together peers, colleagues, and former students of Professor Eapen who reflect upon, describe, and analyze his contributions to the communication discipline in general, and to the fields of development and international communication in particular. The Socratic method of inquiry of "looking inward for answers" and thinking critically about issues, a philosophy performed by Professor Eapen throughout his lifework, informs and infuses the form and flow of this volume and permeates most of the essays. Following the introduction by the editors, Section I contains two essays on Eapen's lifework, the first by Eapen in his own words. Section 2 provides an in-depth look at the sociocultural, political economy, ethical, philosophical, and other ecological factors that shaped and continue to shape the media landscape in India in pre- as well as post-colonial, and now post-economic liberalization, times. Section 3 explores the theoretical journeys that underpin the field of communication development, and the authors provide specific case analyses drawn from the field. Grassroots models for community building through communication are endorsed as inclusive and endogenous approaches that are gradually displacing prior models of top-down development philosophies since they resonate more with the Third World condition. Sections 4 and 5 contain reflective and critical essays on the state of theory, methodologies, and the overall direction of communication research by established international scholars who work in the areas of communication theory, development, and international communication. Concepts such as development itself, cultural imperialism, and globalization are critically analyzed. The role of new technologies and its consequences in the new world of communication, especially the geopolitical dynamics that continue to widen the chasm between technologically rich and technologically poor countries, are explored. A major strength of this book is that it brings together a diverse community of scholars and practitioners of communication from various regions of the world, especially India. These scholars represent regions that are privileged as well as not so privileged and thus infuse the book with a gamut of communication cultures and philosophies. The quality of writing is likely to be lucid to most readers despite the fact that certain chapters are written in academically dense language. …


A 56-year-old female patient came to the department complaining of pain in the upper right back tooth region. The patient reported a history of paralysis in the right half of the body. There is neither swelling nor inflammation in the gingiva. No sinus tract is present in the vestibular area. There were no noticeable caries lesions. Right first maxillary premolar with significant periodontal pocket and grade 2 mobility on palpation. There is tenderness in the percussion. The patient refused treatment alternatives and had the tooth extracted. The middle third of the root contains a completely detached fragment in the middle third. The root fragment was sent for biopsy for histological analysis. Cementum, dentin, and inflammatory cells were found during histological examination and were suggestive of cemental tear.


Abstract Catch-and-release regulations in warmwater fisheries have the potential to limit growth and reduce the average size of harvestable fish as a result of density-dependent interactions. We assessed the effect of angler harvest on growth of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in Stonewall Jackson Lake where fishing for black bass Micropterus spp. was regulated with a no-harvest restriction. Using bioenergetic simulations, we estimated the amount of prey that would be made available for growth of remaining fish at harvest rates of 28.4 and 56.8% of the population. Simulation results indicated that consumption by age- 1 through age-6 largemouth bass in Stonewall Jackson Lake was 41 metric tons of forage in 1990. Juvenile largemouth bass (ages 1–3) consumed 57% of the forage eaten. Except for brief time periods for age-4 fish, foraging success for all age-classes of harvestable largemouth bass was relatively low; consumption rates were below 50% of maximum potential. Modeling showed that increasing fi...


The following is the editor's condensed presentation of the articles in issue 26.2, which is thicker than usual, compensating for the shorter previous issue dedicated to articles from the International Boreal Forest Research Association conference. The current issue spans over a wide range of topics, from nature conservation, over social networking, to grading of spruce timber. The ash decline has been the target for many articles in SJFR, and in this issue, Remigijus Bakys and colleagues from Lithuania investigated the impact of root rot. Its extent, causes, impact on vigour and sprouting ability in ash are presented. Frank Götmark and colleagues continue to study the problem of establishing oak regeneration in oak stands of conservational value. Seedling establishment was found to be affected by field vegetation height, soil water content and protection from twigs and bushes. Traditional soil scarification may have serious negative impact on the reindeer lichen, an important fodder for reindeer. However, new scarification methods that mixes humus and mineral soil, opens for a much quicker recovery of the lichens, according to a study by Samuel Roturier and colleagues. The public prefer a forest with little or no dead wood. However, if photos of forests with dead wood are accompanied by information on its ecological importance, public perceptions increase. Vegard Gundersen and Lars Helge Frivold asked over 1000 persons about their preferences. Hybrid poplar is a fast growing alternative on farmland. Its growth can now be better estimated with the help of new site index curves, presented by Tord Johansson. The choice of provenance is essential for the growers of Nordmann fir Christmas trees. Ulrik Bräuner Nielsen and colleagues showed that there was a five-fold difference in economic return between the worst and the best provenance. Restrictions on land-use may have strong impacts on the long term use of the forest. Leena Kärkkäinen and colleagues presented a multisource planning method to analyse the effects of various types of restrictions on timber production and harvest. Private forest owners with strong ties to his o her peers tend to manage the forest better. Tricia Knoot and Mark Rickenbach applied social network analysis to disclose the role of the egocentric network for a landowner's decisions. Timber quality, graded by the worst part of a board, decreases with increasing timber length. Audun Øvrum and colleagues modelled the grades of Norway spruce within and between trees and stands. Airborne laser scanning is a technology used for a steadily growing number of forest applications. Mikko Vastaranta and colleagues used ALS to determine thinning maturity of stands in Finland. Jerome Vanclay makes a reply to a previous article in SJFR, which looked into the crystal ball for the future of forest operations. Vanclay wants to highlight the integration between informatics and harvesting technology. Grey alder could become an important biofuel source in Lithuania. Stasys Mizaras and colleagues investigated the economy in using grey alder for energy, and found that chipping whole trees or stems could become profitable, but the use of logging residues is more doubtful. Sweden can easily substitute domestic sawlogs with imported ones. Robert Lundmark and Shima Shahrammehr calculated the so called Armington elasticities, a measure of how easy goods can be substituted, for sawlogs and pulpwood.


Due to advancement in technology and distributed networking, there is huge information available on the internet. Due to this, it is possible that some users may try to post fake news through some platforms to get the financial credibility. A common user finds it difficult to differentiate the fake news in comparison with the authentic news. Due to this, a fake news can be main agenda against a particular individual, society, organization or even related to political party. To date, lot of research has been done to detect the fake news on the internet. But, most of the solutions are proposed by comparing with very few performance metrics along with limited data sets. In this work, we propose to use Decision tree, SVM, LSTM, Naive Bayes techniques to analyse and observe the behavior on different datasets. Furthermore, we compare and demonstrate the best approach through experimental analysis.


Recent progress on semiconductor lasers for Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) optical communication is introduced. WDM systems require the accurate wavelength setting. The lasing wavelength is determined by many factors of stripe width, active layer thickness and composition, etc. New devices are required for WDM networking. Wavelength tuning and semiconductor laser amplifier are newly required. Wavelength tuning is needed in the network for superimposing the signal with the appropriate wavelength. Semiconductor laser amplifiers are for compensating losses. Array lasers are needed for compact light sources with many wavelengths and the substitute of tunable lasers. Array lasers, tunable lasers and semiconductor gate switches with amplifier are discussed here.


In China, "disadvantaged citizens," or "disadvantaged groups," is a new category that emerged at the beginning of the reform and opening period. In the thirty years since the beginning of the reform and opening period, significant changes and the emergence of diverse interest groups have spurred the creation of laws and regulations protecting the rights of the disadvantaged. Since reform and opening, the development of laws and regulations protecting the rights of disadvantaged citizens can be divided into three phases, each marked by the different stages of establishing a system and the specific characteristics of the system at that time: a. establishing a legal basis for progress and the quest to build a system (1978-1993); b. comprehensive institution-building and the rise of non-governmental participation (1994-2002); c. the establishment of the social security system and the rapid development of relief mechanisms (2003-2008). Keywords: creation of laws; disadvantaged citizens; legal basis; non-governmental participation; protecting the rights; reform; relief mechanisms; social security system


Lichen planus is an autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, but studies have reported the role of cytotoxic T cells responsible for the disruption of basal keratinocytes and also causing the clinical symptoms. It is commonly seen in adults, with rare occurrence in children. It clinically manifests on the skin and oral mucosa, with skin lesions healing faster than the oral lesions. To obtain a diagnosis, a complete history and characteristic clinical features are usually sufficient for diagnosis, but there are certain other lesions like lichenoid reaction, contact sensitivity, white sponge nevus, pemphigoid and lupus erythematosus that show similar clinical characteristics, hence the need for histopathological evaluation using standard criteria given by Krutchkoff or World Health Organization (WHO). The treatment administered is always for eliminating symptoms and discomfort of the patients. A variety of pharmacological and natural alternatives have been used, along with frequent follow up visits in case of a tropic and erosive lichen planus. The purpose of this paper is to review the current trends in the management of oral lichen planus.


Analysis has demonstrated a viable data transmission system for communicating by acoustical carrier waves in drill strings used to drill wells. Because of the periodic structure of this waveguide, complex transmission characteristics exist. Two experiments have been used to study these phenomena. In the first experiment, a scale laboratory model was constructed to examine the acoustical response of this system. A longitudinal impulse was produced with a hammer and the resulting signal was measured at several locations with semiconductor strain gauges. In the second experiment, the impulse response of a 1500‐ft drill string suspended in a mudfilled well was tested. The data exhibit all of the phenomena predicted by the theory. Measured attenuation is about 2 dB per thousand feet. Both the comb filter phenomena produced by the periodic structure of the pipe and tool joints, and the standing‐wave interference pattern caused by echos between opposite ends of the drill string are present. [This work was suppor...


Ta-kung daily was one of the most influential newspapers,having been printed for the longest time in the history of modern journalism in China.As a piece of privatized newspaper,the importance of advertisement attracted much attention of press practitioners;especially,during the Xin-ji Ta-kung daily period,the advertisement had a remarkable progress.Its scale continuously expanded and its income greatly increased,which established a solid economic basis for its development.Meanwhile,the arrangement of advertisement continuously innovated and the categories became more varied,which marked that it gradually completed the transition to modern advertisement.


Objective. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the common renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with a high risk of recurrence. Considering that SLC9A1 is involved in various cellular physiological processes and probably mediates the course of mTOR signaling in tumors, this study constructed a risk model for SLC9A1 combined with mTOR signaling in ccRCC, aiming at better predicting the prognosis of patients. Methods. ccRCC expression matrices were downloaded from TCGA and ICGC databases to compare the expression of SLC9A1 in TCGA, and qRT-PCR was adopted to validate the SLC9A1 expression in different RCC cells and normal kidney cells. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to assess samples for immunity. mTOR signaling-associated genes were downloaded from the KEGG website, and then the genes were adopted to screen genes associated with SLC9A1 expression and mTOR signaling pathway colleagues, based on which univariate COX regression and lasso regression Cox analyses were conducted to construct a ccRCC prognostic risk model. ROC curves and nomograms were used to assess the validity of the models. Results. ccRCC tumor samples showed lower SLC9A1 expression than normal samples, as also evidenced by qRT-PCR. The SLC9A1 expression was highly correlated with tumor immunity. Totally, 564 key genes associated with both SLC9A1 expression and mTOR signaling were screened out, and the risk model consisting of 11 gene signatures was constructed in ccRCC based on the 564 genes. Since patients at a high risk had poorer survival outcomes, the high-risk group presented poorer immunotherapy outcomes. Moreover, a higher clinical grade of patients suggested a higher risk score. The risk score can serve as one independent prognostic factor for the prognosis prediction of ccRCC patients. Conclusion. An extremely promising prognostic indicator for ccRCC based on SLCA9A1 and mTOR signaling has been constructed to provide reference for clinical treatment.


ABSTRACT The effect of solid fat (melting point 70°C) and liquid fat (melting point -20°C) on the microwave expansion of extruded glassy amylopectin pellets was investigated. Glassy, unexpanded amylopectin extrudates containing ≤10% fat were equilibrated at different water activity levels (aw) and then expanded by microwave heating. Expanded products were characterized by analyzing degree of expansion, structure, and texture. For the aw range studied, expansion increased with increasing aw of the pellets until a maximum at aw = 0.605 and then decreased. Completely dehydrated samples did not expand at all. This demonstrated that moisture was the driving force in the microwave expansion of the pellets. The addition of solid fat contributed greatly to expansion. The highest degree of expansion was obtained for pellets containing 6% solid fat at all aw levels. Due to the effect on expansion, the addition of solid fat also affected the microstructure and texture of the expanded products. Concentrations of soli...


ABSTRACT Domino circuit topology for high-speed operation, robustness and lower power consumption is quintessential in design of digital systems. In this paper, various high speed and robust mechanisms are proposed to enhance the speed of Clock-Delayed Dual Keeper Domino (CDDK) circuit. Delayed enabling of keeper circuit in CDDK domino circuit reduces contention between keeper circuit and Pull-Down network (PDN). The speed of transition at the dynamic node of the CDDK domino circuit is enhanced through imposing techniques namely (i) controlled clock delay time in enabling the keeper transistor, (ii) keeper control signal voltage swing variation, (iii) sizing of keeper transistors and (iv) deploying an additional conditional discharge path. The robustness of CDDK circuit is increased by upsizing the keeper transistor without degrading the speed by stack arrangement of dual keeper transistors. The simulation of enhancement techniques has been performed using Cadence® Virtuoso ADEL and ADEXL environments employing UMC 90nm technology library. The simulation results of wide fan-in 64-input OR gate demonstrate that CDDK technique with additional discharge path offer 38% increase in speed and CDDK technique with keeper transistor upsizing offers 52% increase in noise gain margin without speed degradation while comparing with the conventional domino logic circuit.


The paper is focused on a new and accurate design tool which uses a high precision model for nonlinear lossy ferromagnetic cores. It can be easily included in a time-domain circuit simulator, like SPICE, being suitable to simulate any saturable inductor operating in any distorting regime at low or medium frequencies such cases are found in power electronics applications. The model uses as entry data the geometric dimensions of the magnetic core including air-gaps, the magnetic material properties given by the manufacturer data sheet and the winding constructive parameters. Therefore, the correspondence with the real device is realistic and undoubted. The proposed modeling technique takes its mathematical root from the Maxwell's theory. The simulation results give time-domain flux distribution in the magnetic core, the total core losses, as well as any working parameter of the circuit which includes the magnetic device. Experimental results obtained on a single phase inductor are compared with the obtained simulation results. Excellent concordance between both results is demonstrated in this paper.


Perforation of the tympanic membrane (TM) is a frequent cause of conductive hearing loss. Persistent TM perforations often require surgical repair with an autologous tissue graft to restore hearing and prevent recurrent infection. While highly efficacious, this method of closure requires a relatively complex and expensive microsurgical procedure. We have recently developed a chronic TM perforation model in the chinchilla for use in the exploration of novel methods of TM repair.


Since the coexistence of microwave (MW) and millimeter-wave (MMW) technologies has become the inexorable trend of emerging wireless communication systems, the corresponding antennas are required to support two frequency bands simultaneously. However, the existing MW/MMW shared-aperture antennas are facing challenges in dealing with the interference between two bands and implementing beam steering at both bands. To address these issues, a windowed slow-wave parallel-plate waveguide (WSW-PPW) is proposed as the sharing platform, on which MW and MMW antenna elements can be flexibly arranged. WSW-PPW is implemented by embedding electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures into a dual-layer printed PPW. At the MW band, WSW-PPW exhibits a transmission feature for feeding and also integrating MW antenna elements. At the MMW band, WSW-PPW rejects the propagation of electromagnetic waves and functions as artificial magnetic boundaries for dielectric resonator antennas, which are realized by removing subarrays of EBG structures. For demonstration, an MW/MMW shared-aperture antenna is implemented by integrating a $1\times $ 2 MW patch array and a $1\times $ 8 MMW array on this platform. Steerable beams had been independently achieved at both bands. The antenna is fabricated and experimentally verified. The measured results show a reasonable agreement with simulations.


The aim of this research was to determine the differences in run-up velocity of the last ten steps between top class athletes and middle class athletes. The examined sample consisted of four athletes participating in the finals of the World Championship in December 2002, and two participants of the World Cup in Maribor 2006. Run-up velocity was registered by the kinematic analysis system APAS and the OPTO-TRACK-Microgate system. Statistical significance of the difference in arithmetic means of run-up parameters was determined by t-test and U-test. Results showed a progressive increase in velocity in both examined groups and the fact that all gymnasts reach higher velocity on their last step (Top – 9.95m/s; Middle – 8.57m/s). Top class gymnasts have a significantly lower level of velocity at the initial part of the analysed run-up (3.2m/s related to 5.4 m/s), while at the end of the run-up they reach higher velocity values and bigger progression from step to step in comparison with middle class gymnasts, which is also statistically significant. In the top class gymnast group a velocity peak was observed on the 6th step with a slight decrease in velocity on the 7th step and increasing again for the last three steps before the vault board. Unlike the middle class gymnast group where a constant increase in velocity from the beginning to the end of the analysed run-up was observed. These results suggest that middle class gymnasts should try to change their run-up approach to the vault in a manner that follow as closely as possible the run-up of top class gymnasts.


Loop electronics has been used in the Bell System on a permanent basis primarily in the rural environment where loops are very long and relief costs are very high. The increasing costs of cable and the decreasing costs of electronics point to increasing application of electronics in suburban and light urban areas. To understand the economics of the permanent use of loop electronics in these new areas, detailed studies have been made of 36 actual telephone company routes. This paper reports the major results of these studies for two basic types of electronic systems, range extension and pair gain. These studies indicate that the use of loop electronics can result in significant cost savings in the suburban and light urban loop networks. Mathematical models are developed based on the detailed results of the application studies to permit generalization of pair gain system applicability.


The karyotype of three species of Vigna Savi plant,e.g. mung bean,adzuki bean,cowpea was analyzed by using wall degradation hypotonic method of preparing mitotic chromosomes sample. The results showed that their chromosomal karyotype formula was same as 2n=2x=22=18 m+4 sm, but sm chromosomes for mung bean and adzuki bean was No.2 and No.3,respectivily, that for cowpea is No.2 and No.6.


This project uses statistics from previous tourism experiences to recommend travel areas to travelers. To recommend a traveling area, we use the C4.5 decision tree algorithm with some specific criteria. To promote new locations, all existing algorithms, such as collaboration algorithms and content filtering algorithms, employ the most recent user experience data. If the present user does not have any previous experience data, these algorithms will fail. Another solution to the problem is to utilize the C4.5 decision tree method to build the model based on prior users' experiences. When a new user enters a requirement the decision tree predicts the best and most accurate location. The decision tree does not require any additional user experience data. To use the decision tree model, you'll need a dataset. Pre-processing techniques can be used to eliminate empty or wrong values from this dataset, which can hurt the decision tree model. It is possible to remove the value. To predict or build the model, it may not be necessary to use all of the column values in the dataset. To remove unwanted features a feature selection algorithm is used. The MRMR feature selection algorithm is used to remove extraneous attributes, minimize the building model's execution time, and increase the system's correctness.


The synthesis of a well-defined, near monodisperse, star terpolymer with three different arms, i.e., polyisoprene, polystyrene, and polybutadiene, is described. The synthetic approach involves the reaction of polyisoprenyllithium with an excess of methyltrichlorosilane followed, after removal of the excess of methyltrichlorosilane, by a stoichiometric addition (titration) of polystyrillithium and finally by a small excess of polybutadienyllithium. The sequence of the addition of the different living polymers is very critical


Gastric emptying (GE) requires precise antropyloroduodenal coordination for effective transpyloric flow, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. We aimed to correlate gastric antral function assessed by antroduodenal manometry (ADM) with GE scintigraphy (GES) for liquid feeds in children with suspected gastrointestinal dysmotility.


Objective:To analyze the cause of distal dissection after hybrid repair of Stanford type A aortic dissection(TAAD) through aortic arch and discuss its therapy.Method: The clinical data of 3 cases of TAAD treated by hybrid repair through aortic arch from March 2011 to September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. All the 3 cases were found novel rupture in the distal end of arterial stent in postoperative regular review and received endovascular treatment. Result:Follow-up till to September 2013, there was no novel rupture in all the cases, true lumens were completely opened,and false cavity disappeared.Conclusion: Compared with traditional aortic arch replacement + stent elephant trunk procedure, hybrid repair through aortic arch simplified operation and reduced perioperative mortality,but with the development of this procedure,the complication that distal dissection formation should not be ignored. Sever complication implied this procedure should be improved and its benefit need more clinical advance.What' more, when complication occurred, endovascular repair still should be the first choice.