This study explores the plausibility of the use of multi-scale, CIR aerial photographs to conduct forest inventory at the individual tree level. Multiple digitised aerial photographs are used for manual and semi-automatic 3D positioning of tree tops, for species classification, and for measurements on tree height and crown width. A new tree top positioning algorithm is presented and tested. It incorporates template matching in a 3D search space. Also, a new method is presented for tree species classification. In it, a partition of the image space according to the continuously varying image-object-sun geometry of aerial views is performed. Discernibility of trees in aerial images is studied. The measurement accuracy and overall measurability of crown width by using manual image measurements is investigated. A simulation study is used to examine the combined effects of discernibility and photogrammetric measurement errors on stand variables. The study material contained large-scale colour and CIR image material and 7708 trees from 24 fully mapped plots in Southern Finland. The results of the discernibility analysis suggest that 88–100% of the total stem volume is measurable when using multiple aerial photographs. The structure and density of the forest were found to affect discernibility. The best hit-rates when using the semi-automatic tree top positioning algorithm ranged from 77 to 100% of the visually discernible trees. Systematic underestimation of the crown width was observed and the measurability of crown width was best near the image nadir. Species classification was tested in mixed stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and silver birch. The Kappa-coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.86. The results of the simulation suggest that very high accuracy at the individual tree level cannot be expected. However, if the photogrammetric measurements are unbiased, the aggregate stand variables can be very accurate. An accurate species recognition method is needed in the mixed stands in order to achieve unbiased estimates for the small strata.


crossword puzzles, hidden messages, word scrambles, word searches, card games, and "virtual" rats are used to motivate students, enhance their understanding of physiology, and foster logical thinking and problem-solving skills ([1][1], [5][2]–[7][3]). Similarly, jigsaw puzzles advance these


This work was originally published as Geller, Jay. 2004. "Committed to Memory by Oren Baruch Stier." Biography 27: 654 - 57.


As a part of our effort to develop a unified computational framework for speech-to-speech translation, so that sub-optimizations or local optimizations can be avoided, we are developing direct models for speech recognition. In direct model, the focus is on the creation of one single integrated model ,r ather than a complex series of artifices, therefore various factors such as linguistics and language features, speaker or speaking rate differences, different acoustic conditions, can be applied to the joint optimization. In this paper we discuss how linguistic and semantic constraints are used in phoneme recognition.


Metal casting is having tremendous scope in the fabrication of modern farm machinaries and Implements, Defense, manufacturing sectors etc, due to its specific characteristics. There is a continuous refinement in the foundry engineering, as newer technologies are introducing day by day with better advances in technology and its applications. It helps to enhance the quality and mechanical properties of the casting products in manufacturing sectors. However the authors of this book have mainly emphasized on the basic foundry engineering process, Casting testing methods and their applications for modern materials practically, so that it can simplify the basic teaching learning process for the beginners.


BACKGROUND:Monocyte-derived macrophage (M&PHgr;'s) and Dendritic cell (DC) subsets are essential for both intestinal homeostasis and the break in immune tolerance leading to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However the cellular and molecular cues that orchestrate monocyte influx into the intestine and dictate the differentiation of specific M&PHgr; populations remains incomplete. To this end, microRNA's (miRNA) are emerging as a critical class of non-coding RNA's, which orchestrate the function of the immune system by regulating protein translation. miRNA expression profiles have been characterized in a multitude of autoimmune diseases, but how they control the intestinal immune system during IBD remains elusive. As such, identifying candidate miRNA's, which both dampen intestinal inflammation and can be targeted for therapeutic intervention is an attractive and novel avenue for IBD. In this regard, miR-223 has emerged as a critical rheostat, which regulates innate immunity, however the role of miR-223 in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology has not been determined to date. METHODS:miR-223 expression was assessed by Q-PCR in biopsies from patients with IBD and murine colons following DSS-colitis. Clinical, histopathologic and cytokine readouts were defined in WT and miR-223-deficient mice (miR-223-/y). Bone-marrow chimera's, monocyte adoptive transfer experiments and antibody depletion studies further assessed a role for miR-223 in controlling CCR2+ Ly6Chigh monocyte function during experimental colitis. RESULTS:We show that the myeloid expressed microRNA, miR-223, controls the inflammatory tone of the intestine during active colitis by regulating the influx of CCR2+ Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes (Mo) and the development of a proinflammatory "M1" M&PHgr; phenotype. miR-223 expression correlates with an influx of CCR2+ Ly6Chigh monocytes and precedes the clinical onset of disease. miR-223-deficient mice reveal an exacerbated experimental colitis with heightened clinical, histopathology and cytokine readouts. Bone-marrow chimeric mice, monocyte adoptive transfer experiments and antibody depletion studies further reveal a pro-regulatory role for miR-223 in controlling CCR2+ Ly6Chigh monocyte function. Mechanistically, miR-223 regulates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1&bgr; and IL-18 during early disease. Furthermore, therapeutic administration of a miR-223 mimic via systemic nanoparticle delivery attenuated experimental colitis. CONCLUSIONS:Collectively, our data underscores a critical role for miR-223 in orchestrating the innate immune response during experimental colitis and highlights this microRNA as a potential therapeutic target during conditions of aberrant myeloid inflammation.


Soft x-ray contact microscopy (SXCM), using a pulsed x-ray source, offers the possibility of imaging the ultrastructure of living biological systems at sub-50nm resolution. We have developed a pulsed plasma x-ray source for this application, generated by the large volume XeCl laser 'Hercules'. Various unstable optical resonator configurations were employed to achieve a high laser intensity to increase the conversion efficiency to 'water window' x-rays (280-530eV). Optimum plasma conditions for SXCM are discussed, including the effect of pulse duration on image resolution. Soft x-ray contact images of Chlamydomonas dysosmos (unicellular alga) and the cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya are shown. In addition, the potential of producing a 'movie film' of the development of x-ray images within the photoresist (acting as the recording medium) is discussed, following the resist development while viewing by atomic force microscopy.


The invention discloses a coke quenching method for a coke quenching furnace with a gas-liquid two-phase distributor. The distribution coke quenching of gas and liquid phases of the coke quenching furnace is simultaneously performed through the gas-liquid two-phase distributor in the coke quenching furnace. The gas-phase coke quenching method for the coke quenching furnace comprises the following steps that: mixed gas enters from the lower part of the coke quenching furnace, and is separated from liquid in a gas-liquid separation tank of the gas-liquid two-phase distributor; gas rises, enters a distribution tower through a gas channel of a rotating disk, and flows out of a gas outlet of an annular supporting ring in a distribution way; and the gas uniformly cools red coke in a distribution way through a conical carbon baffle, and is exported from the upper part of the coke quenching furnace. The liquid-phase coke quenching method for the coke quenching furnace comprises the following steps that: cooling water flows into the coke quenching furnace from the lower part of the coke quenching furnace, is separated by using the gas-liquid separation tank of the gas-liquid two-phase distributor, flows into cooling water nozzles of a round storage liquid distribution tank from S-shaped liquid seal pipes, and is sprayed downwards to cool medium-temperature coke in a distribution way; and steam rises. According to the coke quenching method, the distribution coke quenching is simultaneously performed by using the gas and liquid phases, so that the coke quenching efficiency is improved, the coke quenching heat is recovered, and the environmental pollution is avoided.


Seven female and three male outpatients (mean age 45, range 37-54), suffering from gastroesophageal reflux underwent therapy with clebopride, a new selective antidopaminergic agent. Before and after treatment (1 mg b.i.d. for ten days) 24 h-continuous monitoring of esophageal pH was done. Clebopride significantly lowered the number and the extension of gastroesophageal acid refluxes.


Eucalyptol is determined by treating samples with an excess of hydrogen bromide reagent. After a forty-eight-hour standing period, excess hydrogen bromide is titrated with sodium acetate in acetic acid. Mixtures of eucalyptol with thymol, menthol, and camphor are analyzed for eucalyptol content. Quantitative recoveries are reported.


Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide after breast, colorectal and lung cancer(IARC, 2013 ). In India cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women between 15-44years of age (ICO, 2014). Age standardized annual incidence of cervical cancer in India is 22.0 per 1,00,000. Globally 27% of total cervical cancer cases are from India which is home to 16-17% of world's women population (Shukla et al., 2009). Cervical cancer develops through preneoplastic lesions with cellular dysplasia graded as 1, 2, and 3. Hepatocellular cancers and cervical cancer represent two cancers which are mainly caused by viruses and against which vaccines have been developed. The link between cervical cancer and Human Papilloma virus (HPV) was first established in early 1980s by Harald zur Hausen. Recent molecular studies from India show high HPV prevalence of 94.6% in invasive cervical cancer (Bhatla et al., 2008). Mostly genital HPV infections are asymptomatic and the


When the funds lent by the bank become doubtful or irrecoverable, it is termed as non-performing assets (NPAs). Banks are required to make provisions for such NPAs. RBI has issued guidelines for the provision for NPAs. According to RBI guidelines assets are classified as standard assets, sub-standard assets, doubtful assets and loss assets. The per cent provision of 0.40 per cent, 10 per cent, 100 per cent and 100 per cent respectively are required to be made by the banks. The presented article attempts to find out the position of Gross NPAs and Net NPAs in public sector banks in India. Applying the test of hypothesis using the F-test, it is found that Gross NPAs to Total Assets Ratio shows decreasing trend. The article attempts to find out the ratio Gross NPAs and Net NPAs to Total Assets and Advances. This ratio shows fluctuating trend in all the public sector banks.


The advantages of natural gas vehicles can be broken down into four major categories: social/political, technical, economic, and environmental. The social/political advantages of natural gas as a vehicular fuel lie predominantly in its ability to substitute for petroleum fuels. This frees petroleum reserves for other uses or, in areas with dwindling reserves, it reduces the dependence on imported oil and oil products. The technical advantages of natural gas include its high octane rating, which permits higher compression ratios to be used with spark ignition engines. The economic advantages, although variable from one geographical region to another, are derived from the price differential between natural gas and refined oil products. In approximate terms, the average price of a megajoule (MJ) of natural gas is about 60% that of an MJ of refined petroleum products. Finally, there are significant environmental advantages associated with the use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel. Emissions from dedicated natural gas vehicles equipped with catalytic convertors have met the 1996 clean air standards set by the US EPA for both heavy-duty trucks and passenger cars. With further research, they also will be able to meet the 1997 ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) California standards set by themore » South Coast Air Quality Management District.« less


Background and aim: The cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) is largely unknown. However, there is a presumed genetic component to susceptibility and altered intestinal barrier function has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis. There is evidence that the increased intestinal permeability in IBD is partly controlled by delicate intercellular circuits in the colonic tissue linked to the enteric nervous system. Little is, however, known about how this is regulated in detail. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a good surgical reconstructive option in UC patients after proctocolectomy. However 10-15% of IPAA patients develop a severe and recurrent inflammation in the constructed pouch. The standard treatment for pouchitis is long and/or frequent use of antibiotics. Probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence of pouchitis after induction treatment with antibiotics. The aim was to characterize macromolecular permeability in non inflamed colon of UC and elucidate the role of cholinergic signaling, mast cells and eosinophils in the regulation of the human colonic permeability. Furthermore, we examine the mucosal barrier function in relation to pouchitis, before and after treatment with probiotics. Material and methods: In the first study 23 UC patients in remission and 53 healthy volunteers were included. Biopsies from the sigmoid colon were assed for macromolecular permeability (horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 51CrEDTA) and electrophysiology during challenge with carbachol. Experiments were repeated with CRF receptor antagonists, carbachol receptor antagonists and mast cell stabilizers in Ussing chambers. Further, pouch biopsies from 16 IPAA patients with pouchitis and 13 IPAA controls were assed in Ussing chambers for macromolecular permeability and electrophysiology as above. In addition E. coli K12 were used to assess the barrier to bacteria. Biopsies were taken on three occasions; before treatment, after antibiotics and after probiotics. Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI) was used in all subjects. Results: Colonic tissues from UC patients had significant increase in permeability to protein antigens compared with controls. Permeability was normalized by atropine, α-helical CRF(9-41) and lodoxamide. Eosinophils were increased in number in UC tissues, expressed M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors and showed immunoreactivity to CRF. In pouchitis patients, PDAI was significantly improved after treatment with antibiotics and probiotics. There was a significantly enhanced passage of E. coli K12 and HRP in patients with active pouchitis, which was unchanged during treatment with antibiotics, but significantly normalized by probiotics. Conclusions and discussion: We identified a neuroimmune intercellular circuit (from cholinergic nerves, via eosinophils to mast cells) that mediates colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction in UC patients. Furthermore we found that probiotics restored the increased permeation to E. coli and HRP in patients with pouchitis. Pouchitis, resembling symptoms in active UC, may well constitute a good model to study acquired intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBD.


We study the evolution of a twin beam propagating inside active media, which may be used to establish a continuous-variable entangled channel between two distant users. In particular, we analyse how entanglement is degraded during propagation, and determine a threshold value for the interaction time, above which the state becomes separable. We explicitly calculate the fidelity for coherent state teleportation and show that it is larger than one half for the whole range of parameters preserving entanglement.


Zooplankton biomass was assessed in 20 reference lakes, nine logged-watershed lakes, and nine burned-watershed lakes during three summers following watershed disturbances by logging or wildfires. Biomass of cladocerans, calanoids, cyclopoids, and rotifers was quantified in the 38 lakes for the first year following disturbances. Limnoplankton biomass in four size fractions was quantified during 3 years following disturbances. One year after disturbances, burned-watershed lakes supported 59% more biomass of the rotifer size fraction of limnoplankton (100-200 µm) than reference lakes, while logged-watershed lakes supported 43% less of calanoid biomass. Two years after disturbances, differences in limnoplankton biomass between burned-watershed lakes and reference lakes were more pronounced than during the first year, while logged-watershed lakes supported levels of limnoplankton biomass no different from those of reference lakes. Three years after disturbances, no significant variations could be detected amon...


The article is devoted to the study of the quality management system of education in a modern school. In researching this direction, the author relies on the main characteristics of the quality that education must correspond to. Attention is focused on what should be the criteria in solving the problem of education quality. It is concluded that the teacher today has lost the role of a person transferring knowledge, who acts by authoritarian or totalitarian methods, trying to give as much factual information as possible. A teacher today is a mentor who guides and organises educational and upbringing work with students at school. Consequently, the quality of education is aimed at meeting the public demand for the formation of a personality that is ready to actively respond to permanent changes in the social environment and the challenges that education faces today.


In this paper, we consider the following family of biquadratic fields: K = Q( √ 18n2 + 17n + 4, √ 2n2 + n), and show that provided that 18n + 17n + 4 and 2n +n are both square-free, K does not admit a power integral basis consisting of units.


In this paper, we apply the methodology developed by Jenkins and Lambert (1996) to the study of the evolution ofpoverty in Spain during the 1980's. The main advantage of this approach lies in the fact that it provides poverty orderings consitent with a wide subset of generalized poverty gap poverty indices, while allowing different poverty lines for each of the distributions being compared. Our contnbution focuses on two aspects. (i) We estimate poverty trends for homogeneous subgroups of households of the same size. For the heterogeneous population as a whole, we study the robustness of our results to the choice of the equivalence scale. (ii) We extend to our procedures of statistical inference which are already used in the inequality literature. The main conclusion is the unambrigous fall in poverty levels, both in the population as a whole as well as in all subgroups in the partition by household siz.e.


Previous field studies indicate that zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) has a unique ability to phytoextract persistent organic pollutants from soil. It is unlikely that C. pepo evolved a unique mechanism favoring POP extraction and uptake, but all plants have evolved means to facilitate nutrient acquisition from soil. We have hypothesized that the exudation of organic acids as a means to acquire phosphorus could facilitate the uptake of persistent organic pollutants by increasing contaminant bioavailability to the plants. In one study, we assessed DDE uptake and organic acid exudation by zucchini (an uptaker of POPs) and cucumber (a non-uptaker of POPs) under various cultivation and nutrient conditions. Under dense planting (5 plants in a 5-kg pot of DDE-contaminated soil), zucchini accumulated significant and expected amounts of DDE but surprisingly, under these stressed conditions, cucumber phytoextracted greater amounts of DDE. The cucumber rhizosphere concentrations of organic acids were significantly higher than that of zucchini, suggesting that the increased organic acid exudation promoted DDE uptake by cucumber. Conversely, under non-stressed conditions zucchini phytoextracted significantly greater quantities of pollutant than cucumber but no differences in organic acid content of the rhizosphere of the two species were observed. Separately, zucchini and other species were grown under field conditions and weekly amendments of different nutrients were made (nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen/phosphorus, aluminum sulfate to bind phosphorus in the soil). The uptake and translocation of the weathered pollutant and inorganic elements was found to vary with nutrient amendments. Lastly, data will be presented from rhizotron units constructed to facilitate not only the direct in situ isolation of exuded organic acids but also the isolation of xylem sap and rhizosphere soil pore water from individual plants. The role of cultivation conditions and nutrient availability in controlling root morphology, organic acid exudation, and contaminant uptake will be discussed.


The stoichiometry-dependent bulk electronic structure has been studied by optical spectroscopy for single crystals of TiC{sub {ital x}} with {ital x}=0.95 and 0.70, VC{sub {ital x}} with {ital x}=0.86 and 0.76, and NbC{sub {ital x}} with {ital x}=0.93, 0.84, and 0.71. The reflectance was measured in the energy range 0.5--40 eV for all of the samples and up to 100 eV for TiC{sub 0.95}, VC{sub 0.86}, and NbC{sub 0.93}. By correcting for the surface-roughness effect using the measured roughness values, the data were Kramers-Kronig analyzed to obtain the dielectric function and related functions. The observed interband transitions have been interpreted on the basis of existing calculations for the energy-band structure and partial density of states. The main peaks above 4 eV were assigned to transitions at and around the {ital X} and {ital Q} portions in the Brillouin zone. Their shifts to lower energy and reduced intensities with decreasing carbon concentration are discussed in terms of {ital p}-{ital d} hybridization. Features arising from transitions involving the initial or final states near the Fermi level were observed in the low-energy region.


ReSe2
 nanotubes have been synthesized for the first time by reaction of ammonium perrhenate with Se nanotubes under hydrothermal conditions, wherein, the Se nanotubes act as sacrificial templates.


EMC implies quarks carry very little of the proton spin. (G{sub A}/G{sub V}){sub n{yields}p} implies that valence quarks carry 70% of the spin, but disagrees with SU(6). (G{sub A}/G{sub V}){sub {Sigma}{minus}{yields}n} agrees strinkingly with SU(6). All semileptonic decay data can be fit by SU(3), but no model fits the data by breaking SU(6) without also breaking SU(3). Considerable data on hadron masses and magnetic moments are fit by a simple constituent quark model with only constituent quarks. A toy model for the proton with valence quarks and sea fits nearly everything.


Strategic planning is complex (Dodd, 2004), and when managed well, it requires deliberate incorporation of evidenced-based data and the collaboration of key stakeholders. Thus, it is essential that the planning process includes the integration of data that are collected regularly and that both internal and external professional partners have the opportunity to reflect upon and respond to these data in systematic ways. This paper presents a viable process for accomplishing the effective drafting of a strategic plan. It includes the following components: (a) an assessment system, which drives continuous improvement and includes feedback from professional partners, alumni, and program completers; program level goals based upon performance candidate and enrollment data; departmental goals based upon alignment with institutional goals and program goals; and goals established at the faculty level, as articulated through college-wide committees; (b) an organizational schemata in the form of a data matrix that streamlines and reports upon the goals as established by all constituencies; (c) a schedule of meetings among upper leadership, as represented through the administrative council and chairs of college-wide committees; and (d) a final faculty retreat and meeting scheduled to allow for presentation and reflection upon all data in the matrix, to collaboratively articulate clear and measurable goals and objectives for the


100 Introduction Mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) is one of the pests seem to be predominant in cotton. Its occurrence is sporadic in nature and is reported that its outbreak occurs after first picking due to its contagious nature dispersed through clothes of the farmers or carried by the weeds bordering along the farm lands. This was the major pest during the Kharif season 2010 in cotton growing region in northern India. SWIR band is absorbed by water, be it free water bodies or the water contained in plant cells (Gao, 1996). SWIR is very sensitive to canopy water content, green vegetation absorb SWIR and lead to less reflectance which show the healthy condition of vegetation. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) band is sensitive to vegetation cover, leaf moisture and soil moisture. The spectral response in the short wave infrared band increases when the vegetation senesces due to loss of water in leaf tissue (Tucker, 1980). The decrease in absorbance in SWIR bands leads to higher reflectance's which show water stress or disease in vegetation due to less turgid plant cells in the canopy (Ceccato et al., 2001). Changes in the SWIR spectral region are frequently associated with water stress in vegetation and infestation with balsam woolly adelgid which reduces water flow and results in the tree being in a state of physiological drought (Puritch, 1973). Absorption of incident light changes in the visible and NIR range is probably due to the decreased chlorophyll content, changes in other pigments, and foliar internal structure. The change of absorption consequently influences the reflectance of stressed plants (Knapp and Carter, 1998). Materials and Methods Sirsa district in Haryana is the major cotton belt in North India. It lies in arid hot agro ecological zone of India. In Kharif season, major crops are cotton and rice. The time of cotton International Journal for Life Sciences and Educational Research Vol.1(3), pp. 100 104, October 2013 Available online at http://www.ijlser.com E-ISSN : 2321-1229; P – ISSN : 2321-1180 Research Article


Oscillator strengths for 134 lines from the ground term of neutral titanium have been measured by the hook method. The data, which are normalized to those of Bell, Kalman & Tubbs, agree well with most previously measured data but indicate that there is a line strength dependent error in the National Bureau of Standards compilation of TiIf-values by Wiese & Fuhr.


Acoustic super-resolution (SR) has the potential to visualize microvasculature by localizing individual microbubble (MB) signals. Currently, all detected signals are processed and localized identically. However, the MB point spread function (PSF) is not independent of its surroundings. Despite accuracy on the order of microns being required, it is currently not possible to quantify error that may be introduced due to variation in the MB responses. This work combines high frame rate plane wave ultrasound acquisition with a coincident optical microscope visualizing the SR imaging of a 200 µm cellulose tube. An adjustable aperture has been introduced into the optical microscope to extend the optical depth of field over the phantom. The results showed that the introduction of the aperture enabled modest extension of the depth of field over 50 µm about the optical focus. Modelling and experimental verification found that, at a flow rate of 15 µl/min, MBs could only be detected over the top 70 µm of the tube phantom - further reducing the required depth of field. The simultaneous optical and acoustic data suggested that many fewer MBs acoustically contribute to the SR image than can be observed in the optical FOV. Investigations incorporating a ground truth, like this one, will allow sources of error to be identified, quantified and limited.


This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the many tests involving the THOR-NT advanced frontal impact dummy that are contained within the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) test database. Since its release in 2005, NHTSA has collected data from over one hundred tests involving the THOR-NT. These include sled tests, vehicle tests, and component tests at different speeds and configurations. This paper serves as a reference for describing the various test series, which include those aimed at assessing biofidelity, evaluating instrumentation, and establishing qualification and injury criteria. This paper also provides analytical examples that demonstrate the utility of the database in studying dummy-related issues. New auxiliary tools, such as data processing software and computer models, are also described. Finally, this paper summarizes some of the lessons learned from this broad test experience, and documents actions that are being taken to enhance dummy performance and acceptance by the international community.


This study aims to identify and analyze the legal protection of intellectual property rights to the traditional arts and analyze the legal consequences of their registration Copyright Reog Ponorogo in order to provide protection for traditional art using normative juridical. Keyword : Protection , Law, HKI, Reog Ponorogo


Palladium anchored on organic-inorganic (silica gel) hybrid materials behaves as a very efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the Heck reaction. Iodoarenes and bromoarenes react smoothly with alkenes to afford the corresponding cross-coupling products in good to excellent yields under phosphine- and amine-free reaction conditions in the presence of a palladium anchored on L-proline-functionalized silica gel as catalyst. The silica-supported palladium catalyst can be recovered and recycled by simple filtration of the reaction solution, and used for more than 14 consecutive trials without significant loss of its catalytic activity.


Shadows appear in many scenes. Human can easily distinguish shadows from objects, but it is one of the challenges for shadow detection intelligent automated systems. Accurate shadow detection can be difficult due to the illumination variations of the background and similarity between appearance of the objects and the background. Color and edge information are two popular features that have been used to distinguish cast shadows from objects. However, this become a problem when the difference of color information between object, shadow and background is poor, the edge of the shadow area is not clear and the shadow detection method is supposed to use only color or edge information method. In this article a shadow detection method using both color and edge information is presented. In order to improve the accuracy of shadow detection using color information, a new formula is used in the denominator of original c1 c2 c3. In addition using the hue difference of foreground and background is proposed. Furthermore, edge information is applied separately and the results are combined using a Boolean operator.


Because of high morbidity and incidence of complications, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom (OSAHS)damaged to the health and life of patients seriously.In recent years, it has become one of the hottest areas of clinical research in respiratory system disease.Research shows that OSAHS can induce or aggravate stroke, and the cognitive function was declined.At the same time, stroke can also promote or exacerbate OSAHS.This article gives an overview of the specific research for the relations between OSAHS, stroke, and cognitive function.

Key words:
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom; Stroke; Cognitive function


In Japan, the nationwide earthquake early warning (EEW) system has been being operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) since 2007, disseminating information on imminent strong ground motion to the general public and advanced technical users. In the beginning of the operation, the system ran based mainly on standard source-based algorithms with a point-source location estimate and ground motion prediction equation. The point-source algorithms successfully provided ground motion predictions with high accuracy during the initial operation; however, the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the subsequent intense aftershock and triggered earthquake activities underscored the weaknesses of the source-based approach. In this paper, we summarize major system developments after the Tohoku-Oki event to overcome the limits of the standard point-source algorithms and to enhance the EEW performance further. In addition, we evaluate how the system performance was influenced by the updates. One of significant improvements in the JMA EEW system was the implementation of two new ground motion prediction methods: the integrated particle filter (IPF) and propagation of local undamped motion (PLUM) algorithms. IPF is a robust point-source algorithm based on the Bayesian inference, and PLUM is a wavefield-based algorithm that predicts ground motions directly from observed shakings. Another notable update was the incorporation of new observation facilities including S-net, a large-scale ocean bottom seismometer network deployed along the Japan and Kuril trenches. The prediction accuracy and warning issuance performance analysis for the updated JMA EEW system showed that IPF improved the source-based ground motion prediction accuracy and reduced the risk of issuing overpredicted warnings. PLUM made the system less likely to underpredict strong ground motions and improved the warning issuance timeliness. The detection time analysis for the S-net incorporation suggested that S-net enabled the system to issue the first EEW report earlier than before the S-net incorporation for earthquakes around the Japan and Kuril trenches. Those findings indicate that the JMA EEW system has made substantial progress both on software and hardware aspects over the 10 years after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake.


This issue on muscle and nerve imaging relates to the theme of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) meeting in Amsterdam (June 13–16, 2018). The ESSR promotes educational and research activities and is celebrating "25 years of excellence in musculoskeletal imaging." This is a significant milestone for the society that has a growing number of members ( 1,800 at present) (www.essr.org). Musculoskeletal radiology is a very innovative field of imaging, exploring new diseases, novel imaging techniques, and especially expanding clinical applications. Muscle and nerve is currently a hot topic, accelerated by new developments in both ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that offerhighly detailed anatomical images ofeven the smallest nerves. Precise knowledge of nerve anatomy is consequently essential, in addition to knowing how to optimize imaging techniques and interpret pathology. Imaging of muscle injuries is an important topic in sports, for professionals as well as amateurs of all ages. It is imperative to realize that patients of different ages have different types of injuries: bony avulsions, muscle tendon junction pathology or muscle tears. Clinicians rely on state-of-the-art imaging to treat their patients. However, differential diagnoses should always be considered including primary and secondary muscle diseases. This is especially critical because nonradiologists increasingly use US in their daily practice. When in doubt, they should not hesitate to consult radiologists to take advantage of their experience with a broad spectrum of pathology. Loss of muscle quality, seen as muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, can havemultiple causes. It can be secondary to a muscle tear but also to neurologic disease or nerve entrapment. General muscle loss affects chronically ill patients but is also seen in the daily lives of the healthy elderly population. As populations continue to age worldwide, the impact of sarcopenia on public health will continue to grow; sarcopenia is an essential consideration on the agenda of vital aging. Radiologic imaging plays an important role both to diagnose muscle loss and also quantify it. The latter is a future application that may be of additional value in the management of muscle diseases and sarcopenia. This issue presents 10 reviewarticles onmuscle and nerve anatomy includingUS andMRI techniques and both common and relatively rare pathology. The personal experience of the authors in addition to literature reviewswill help readers put practical possibilities and limitations in perspective. The first five articles focus on the muscles. The muscletendon-enthesis unit and accessory muscles are addressed separately. Primary and secondary involvement of muscles with differential diagnoses are described in the articles on myositis and fasciitis, patterns of muscle atrophy, and sarcopenia. The remaining five articles focus on the nerves. US technique of the brachial plexus is introducedwith its advantages and limitations. The technique of magnetic resonance neurography is explained systematically and will help readers get started. The use of US in imaging nerve entrapment is addressed in the elbow and wrists well as in the ankle and foot. In addition, the indications for US-guided treatment of peripheral nerve pathology, including tips and tricks, are highlighted in a separate article. I trust readers will be challenged whether they are beginning or advancing their knowledge of the imaging of muscles and nerves. This information in this issue will guide clinicians in optimizing patient care.


INTRODUCTION:
The pinna is both a functional and aesthetic appendage. The 3dimensional nature of the ear with its many curls, peaks and valleys makes this one of the most elegant body parts. The rigid structure of the cartilage along with its elastic nature is a testament to its unique properties, which make it very difficult to reproduce. Even minor deformities of pinna may cause psychosocial stigmatization. The lack of an ear, or part of it, is a significant deformity, and the psychological trauma should not be underestimated. In some, particularly teenagers, concern over a deformed ear lies at the root of serious behaviour problems. Lack of an ear is also a disability as the ear supports glasses, sunglasses, Bluetooth headsets and headphones.
Reconstruction of the ear can be a complex process. Ear reconstruction can be traced back as far as eighth century India and the Susruta Samhita, a text of ancient medicine, which described the use of a cheek flap to repair an earlobe defect. Although auricular reconstruction has been performed for a long time, its technical complexity is still considered a challenge. Many recent innovations have made excellent reconstruction possible. The challenge of matching the flexibility of an ear while maintaining its rigidity and
skin covering is the bane of reconstructive surgeons.
AIM OF STUDY:
1. To evaluate various surgical procedures for acquired pinna defects
and evaluate their aesthetic and functional outcome.
2. To select a treatment protocol based on the algorithmic approach
to the problem for improving the outcome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in the Department of Plastic Surgery,
Government General Hospital and Madras Medical College during the
period of September 2005 to April 2008.
All patients who presented with acquired deformities of Pinna were
included in this study. This includes patients who presented with pinna
injuries following Road traffic accidents and chronic defects following
trauma, burns, human bites, infections and tumours.
Patients with large or torn ear lobule hole also were included.
A total of 160 cases were included in this study.
Pinna defects – 120 patients – 145 pinnas.
Ear lobule repair – 40 patients – 75 ear lobules.
All patients were assessed with a thorough history, clinical
examination, pre operative planning.
Routine investigations done for all patients preoperatively.
In stable patients, primary repair of pinna injuries done on the same day itself.
Patients with associated severe head injuries were excluded from
the study. In some patients ,after Neurosurgeon's intervention, soft
tissue repair done by Plastic Surgeons.
Patients who presented with keloids in the pinna are excluded from the study.
Informed consent obtained from all the patients.
Patients with simple defects were operated in a single stage.
Patients with composite defects of Pinna needed 2 or 3 stages of
reconstruction, with an interval of 1 to 3 months in between each stage
based on the type of reconstruction. Proper instructions were given to
the patients in the initial stage of reconstruction itself.
Follow up on 2nd week, 1st month and then at 2nd month for cases
which needed reconstruction with cartilage grafts, flap covers.
OBSERVATION & RESULTS
1. Total number of patients operated following RTA, burns, infection,
tumour is 120 ( Ears 145).
Side: Right ear 44, Left ear 51, Bilateral 25.
Sex: Males 104, Females 16.
2. No. of cases operated for large earlobule hole is 40. (Earlobules 75).
Side: Bilateral 35, Right ear lobule 4, Left ear lobule 1, All are female patients.
ETIOLOGY: Etiology No. of patients;
1. Road traffic accidents 86 (71.6%),
2. Assault 26 ( 21.7%) (Human bite – 14) (Other reasons – 12).
3. Burns sequelae 3 (2.5%), 4. Infection sequelae 2 (1.7%), 5. Tumour (Benign) 3 (2.5%)
(Naevus 2) (Pyogenic granuloma1).
CONCLUSION:
● Ear reconstruction in acquired pinna defects needs proper
preoperative planning, meticulous tissue handling and correct
surgical techniques to achieve good results.
● In trauma, proper wound debridement and primary suturing
in layers prevented multiple stages of reconstruction to reduce
the morbidity to the patient.
● In Patients presenting with composite defects of Pinna, first
stage of reconstruction is attempted on the day of injury,
utilizing the cartilage of the damaged pinna if possible
underneath the flap or banking it in a clean site. This
reduces one stage of reconstruction later and also avoids the
need for cartilage graft from other sites.
● Timely coverage of exposed cartilage framework of Pinna using
skin grafts or with local flap cover prevented the deformities
which may need multiple stages of reconstruction.
● In Burns , the damaged ears should be managed properly to
prevent infection, dessication and loss .After scar maturation,
reconstruction to be attempted in stages methodically.
● In Human bites, tetanus immunization, proper debridement
with suturing of skin advised initially, followed by
reconstruction at a later date.
● All techniques for Ear reconstruction in our series have
produced aesthetically acceptable results.
● Strict road safety measures, wearing of helmets, banning
drunken driving could decrease the incidence of Road traffic
accidents thereby decreasing the main etiology of Pinna
injuries.


Target-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (tdDCC) is a powerful method to screen ligands for pharmacologically relevant targets. Generating a dynamic library from reversibly reacting building blocks in the presence of a target protein leads to the amplification of the most potent library constituents. In previous studies on tdDCC, these compounds were identified in a qualitative "hit/no-hit"-manner. However, the precise relationship between the degree of amplification and the affinity of the library constituent has not yet been evaluated. To study the amplification–affinity relationship, we compared tdDCC experiments, employing reversible acylhydrazone formation and the bacterial adhesin FimH as a target, with affinities of the library constituents as determined by surface plasmon resonance.


The article deals with the economic analysis of compensation in civil law. The compensation is not only judicial remedy, but also it is the price of delict, which has to be estimated correctly to achieve the economic efficiency. The article is aimed at understanding of destination and functioning of compensation institution. The issues of compensation influence on a people behavior and effective stimulus creation to accept precautions are the ones of the highest priority. The author considers a broad scope of questions about functioning of compensation system. They are: the methods for estimating of a compensation size; the methods for deciding a conflict between efficiency and justice; the ways of deciding the compensation paradox; the methods of estimating an optimal level of precautions and an optimal level of confidence; problems of informing about delinquencies; problems of influence of insurance systems; problems of responsibility under administrative and criminal law.


Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can generalize for every class with the same accuracy. In a problem of two classes, positive (true) and negative (false) cases-the algorithm can predict with the same accuracy the positive and negative examples that is the ideal case. In many applications ML algorithms are used in order to learn from data sets that include more examples from the one class in relationship with another class. In general inductive algorithms are designed in such a way that they can minimize the occurred errors. As a conclusion the classes that contain some cases can be ignored in a large percentage since the cost of the false classification of the super-represented class is greater than the cost of false classification of lower class. The problem of imbalanced data sets is occurred in many 'real' applications, such as medical diagnosis, robotics, industrial development processes, communication networks error detection, automated testing of electronic equipment and in other related areas.
This dissertation entitled 'Machine Learning with Imbalanced Data' is referred to the solution of the problem of efficient use of ML algorithms with imbalanced data sets. The thesis includes a general description of basic ML algorithms and related methods for solving imbalanced data sets. A number of algorithmic techniques for handling imbalanced data sets is presented, such as Adacost, Cost Sensitive Boosting, Metacost and other algorithms. The evaluation metrics of ML methods for imbalanced datasets are presented, including the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves, the PR (Precision and Recall) curves and cost curves.
A new hybrid ML algorithm combining the OverBagging and Rotation Forest algorithms is introduced and the proposed algorithmic procedure is compared with other related algorithms by using the WEKA operational environment. Experimental results demonstrate the performance superiority of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the conclusions of this research work are presented and several future research directions are given.


Methods of economic forecasting have become increasingly elaborate. Highly refined statistical techniques are now being used to extract information from historical data and to project future values of economic variables. To a large extent, these advances in the science of economic forecasting have been made possible by progress in computer technology. But high speed computers and sophisticated statistical techniques do not provide perfect forward vision. There is a lot of truth to the observation that economic forecasting is more art than science. It remains to be seen just how much the forecasting of economic variables can be improved by strengthening only the more scientific aspects of this activity. This article has two purposes. The first is to review various approaches to economic forecasting, including a relatively new technique as well as traditional methods. The second is to report on a case study in which the performances of alternative ways of forecasting retail sales are compared.


Economic literature devoted to banking social responsibility outlines the twofold dimensions of this concept: an internal one, which exerts a direct impact on different stakeholders and local community, and an external one that provides an indirect impact of bank's social behavior on its own financial operations, products and services. Although it is argued that the indirect impact has to be at the core of any sound social responsibility strategy, it is very difficult to be accurately assessed. Consequently, the paper aims at depicting whether there are similarities in terms of the economic and social indirect impact provided by the 28 socially responsible banks in EU countries, by relying on several proxy indicators. It will be employed a data mining exploratory approach, named Cluster Analysis, to reveal if there is a pattern of similitude or, on the contrary, high heterogeneity between different intrinsic financial characteristics of sustainable banks. The outcome of the analysis will consist in identifying and grouping in the same cluster the most resembling entities, at two different moments in time: 2008 year-end and 2013 year-end.


The indiscriminate use of fertilizers under intensive cropping system deteriorates the soil health and in turn productivity of crops and also pollutes the ecosystem (Jagdish Prasad 2004 and 2015) and those necessities to study the changes in soil properties for efficient management of soil for sustained production. Keeping this in mind, the present study was undertaken to characterize the soils (0-15 and 15-30 cm) at two distances from reference point (Upper Ganga Canal) and three districts namely, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut and Ghaziabad of Western Uttar Pradesh. The soil sampling (0-15 and 15-30 cm) was done on the right side (RS) of Ganga canal (as base line) at the distance of 1000 and 3000 m from each alternate bridge between Purkazi and Muradnagar using GPS.


The authors outline how, as undocumented immigrants face danger throughout their journeys and challenges settling in U.S. communities, local civil society actors at each stage must ensure that their human and civil rights are respected. Policies that only address the migratory flow into the United States will not resolve issues of violence, poverty, and political exclusion in the countries of origin that force people to flee. Despite their lack of legal status in the United States, immigrant youth have a crucial role to play in ensuring a secure future—for others like them but also for U.S. civil society more broadly. The authors illustrate the ways that migrant youth have been taking the lead on articulating their visions for a better world, and discuss how—informed by youth advocacy—local communities and state governments can build effective networks, implement protective policies, and provide needed services.


Indonesia is a large country with a big share of the world's population. The fertility rate can vary in different areas caused of some factors, including culture, socioeconomic status, education, social support, etc. This research analyzed the census data in 2010, examining the fertility rate differential in urban and rural areas in Indonesia using the Brass method. The method estimated indirect estimation of the fertility rate, including adjusted age-specific fertility rate (ASFR), adjusted total fertility, and adjusted birth rate. The descriptive analysis explained the fertility situation in Indonesia's urban and rural areas. The result revealed that the adjusted ASFR in urban areas was higher than in rural areas when women were aged 25-39, while in the rural areas, the adjusted ASFR was higher than in the urban area when women were aged 15-24. The estimated number of birth have a similar pattern with adjusted ASFR. Rural regions have higher total fertility, birth rate, and general fertility rates than urban residents. Marriage status and contraceptive use impact fertility differences between urban and rural areas. In conclusion, rural areas had a higher fertility rate than urban areas based on the Indonesian census 2010.


A compact model is presented which realistically reproduces TFET characteristics and allows complex circuit simulation and parameter optimization studies. The model has been applied to circuit simulations which reveal anomalous switching behavior, and to a multi-parameter optimization study which quantifies the power-performance advantage of the TFET over conventional MOSFETs.


Subdivision schemes are widely used for rapid curve or surface generation. Recent developments have produced various schemes, in particular non-linear, non-interpolatory or non-uniform.To be used in compression, analysis or control of data, subdivision schemes should be incorporated in a multiresolution analysis that, mimicking wavelet analyses, provides a multi-scale decomposition of a signal, a curve, or a surface. The ingredients needed to define a multiresolution analysis associated with a subdivision scheme are decimation scheme and detail operators. Their construction is straightforward when the multiresolution scheme is interpolatory.This thesis is devoted to the construction of decimation schemes and detail operators compatible with general subdivision schemes. We start with a generic construction in the uniform (but not interpolatory) case and then generalize to non-uniform and non-linear situations. Applying these results, we build multiresolution analyses that are compatible with many recently developed schemes. Analysis of the performances of the constructed analyses is carried out. We present numerical applications in image compression.


ganomegaly or lymph nodes. Acute appendicitis was suspected on the initial ultrasound examination. She was started on antibiotic therapy with lowering of the C-reactive protein but without remission of the fever. HIV and Epstein-Barr virus serologies were negative. She was submitted to an abdominal computed tomography scan that showed a thickened gastric antrum and terminal ileum with a 3-cm pericecal abscess. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was then performed and showed swollen gastric mucosa and multiple ulcers scattered in the body and antrum, some of which presented with large and raised volcano-like craters (Fig. 1). An ileocolonoscopy documented multiple ulcers in all colonic segments, some of them large, confluent, and excavated, with raised borders, the largest in the cecum and splenic flexure (Fig. 2). Biopsies were taken on both of these exams, and the histopathological examination showed extensive ulceration and epithelial permeation by a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate with smalland medium-size cells (CD56+, CD8+, CD3+, CD4+/–, CD20–, CD79a–, and PAX5–) (Fig. 3). Flow cytometry of the gastric biopsies revealed an identical monoclonal lymphocyte population. The patient had an enteropathy-associated natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (type II), an unusual presentation of this rare disease with involvement of the stomach and small and large


A series of methyl, methoxy and trimethylsilyl substituted diphenylacetylenes was reacted with Co2(CO)8, giving the corresponding (diarylacetylene) Co2(CO)6 complexes. The predominance of the steric effect of the substituents in these reactions was established. The complexes were studied by IR, MS, 13C NMR, 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy.


The heat transfer performance of the PCMs was tested.The PCMs were separately made by mixing octadecane with copper nano-particles,aluminum nano-particles and iron oxide nano-particles.Experiments were carried out to research on the thermal conductivity of liquid-solid system using thermal stitch,both to octadecane and its composite phase change materials with metal nano-particles.The results showed that the thermal conductivity of li-quid-solid system was significantly increased with nano-particle mass fraction and the thermal conductivity of octadecane/Al-nanoparticles composite phase was more pronounced than the others.The change latent heat and transition temperature of octadecane and PCMs,which were made adding different mass fraction of nano-particles to octadecane,were tested by DSC.The results showed that the phase change latent heat of PCMs was slightly lower than pure octadecane materials and was decreased with the increasing of mass fraction of metal nano-particles.But the changes of phase transition temperature were minor.


Text: Farm ponds have been built in Georgia as elsewhere under a variety of government programs, and by farmers even when no programs have been available. Originally built for livestock watering, rural fire protection, and recreation, they are now often seen as structures to retain off-season rains. In a region without federal reservoirs or canal structures for irrigation water storage and delivery, on-farm ponds became the primary water source for the growing irrigation industry in the Southeast. However, limited capacity and recent unreliability of ponds during periods of drought have caused increasing dependence on groundwater supplies and consequent lowering of groundwater tables. Many farmers are looking again at farm ponds for water supply. Using GIS and limited hydrologic modeling, we described sizes, water storage potential, and potential evaporative water losses from Georgia. We compared time shifts in losses of water to area watersheds from runoff versus evaporation. With growing pressure for use of water in non-agriculture areas, Southeast farmers are seeking government assistance to secure their own water supplies using ponds and regional reservoirs to capture winter rains. We explored the potential impact from addition of 1000 ponds on runoff from the watersheds, and amount of new water that could be available for irrigation.


The increasing demand of efficiency, cost effectiveness, environmental aspects has driven the development of micro grid technology. The controlling of the micro grid in standalone mode and grid connected mode is the major concern. The active power sharing after grid disconnection and resynchronization with the utility grid are the challenging task in micro grid. In this paper, proper relay coordination are proposed for islanding and power sharing of multi distribution generations (DGs) unit in single phase system. Also discussed the synchronization of DGs with utility grid using Static Transfer Switch (STS) called as micro switch. Various conditions consider for islanding, active power sharing of multi DGs and synchronization between grid with two parallel connected DG's. The simulation results reported in this paper are based on MATLAB software. Result shows that Static transfer switch works effectively and synchronized the system in proper way.


Present information on established and possible baryons and mesons, its derivation, and its organization on the basis of unitary symmetry are discussed. Some questions of particular interest in connection with the last point are considered. 35 references. (D.C.W.)


Odor of the skin in humans is to a large extent determined by the apocrine gland secretion although there are other sources. Sebaceous secretion has some odor, and decomposition products of keratinization, especially in the presence of hyperhidrosis, produce offensive smells. Eccrine secretion is usually odorless, but various substances may be excreted in it, for example, garlic, drugs, and arsenic. Characteristic odors may be associated with various uncommon aminoacidurias. Apocrine secretion is odorless as it reaches the surface where it develops characteristic odor due to bacterial decomposition.[1]


Abstract The rare earth metal-rich RE14T3Al3 series (RE=Y, Gd–Tm, Lu; T=Co, Ni) have been prepared by arc-melting the rare earth metals with appropriate amounts of TAl precursors. All compounds crystallize in the tetragonal crystal system with space group P42/nmc in the Gd14Co3In2.7-type structure. Two structures (Y14Co2.78(1)Al3.22(1): a=952.99(4), c=2292.98(10) pm, wR2=0.0423, 2225 F2 values, 63 variables; Y14Ni3.07(2)Al2.93(2): a=955.06(5), c=2298.77(10) pm, wR2=0.0416, 2225 F2 values, 63 variables) have been refined from single-crystal data, indicating T/Al mixing on one crystallographic site. The lattice parameters of all members have been refined from powder X-ray diffraction experiments. The Y and Lu containing compounds for T=Co and Ni exhibit Pauli paramagnetic behavior, indicating that the Co and Ni atoms exhibit no localized magnetic moment in line with a filled 3d band. The other compounds show paramagnetism, in line with the rare earth atoms in the trivalent oxidation state. Detailed magnetic investigations, however, were impossible due to the presence of e.g. RE3T trace impurities.


A comparative analysis of energy poverty transitions and persistence can provide valuable suggestions for long-term policy actions. This study examines the dynamics of energy poverty in 17 European countries based on the longitudinal household data from the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions, waves 2015–2018. The study pursues two goals. First, we explore households' chances of transitioning in and out of energy poverty in each country following the discrete-time Markov process. On average, the probability to stay in energy poverty is 51.5%, and there is a lot of heterogeneity across countries. Households in Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Lithuania are quite close to the energy poverty trap. Second, we identify factors that help energy-poor households leave energy poverty. Demographic, technical, and socio-economic factors are the drivers in escaping energy poverty, which suggests common EU policy.


This present study seeks to contribute to knowledge of eco diversity and density of trypanosomiasis vectors in Adamawa Plateau of Cameroon. Ten Laveissiére traps were pitched in Alme and Faro Game Reserve and checked 24 hours every 4 days from December 2014 to June 2015. An overall scanty catch of 240 flies were recorded due to presence of impregnated Deltamethrin screens. Based on interview of herders, they were aware of fly dense areas such as Faro Game Reserve. Flies mean densities and Shannon-Weaver indices were: Glossina morsitans submorsitans (0.55f/t and 0.23) with bimodal peaks in January and May, Glossina tachinoides (0.13f/t and 0.10), with bimodal peaks in January and March, Tabanus spp. (0.51f/t and 0.18) with a unimodal peak in June and Stomoxys spp (0.10f/t and 0.03) with a unimodal peak in the month of May. Fly infestation of formerly controlled areas is increasing, with major re-invasion sources from protected areas.


Reflection that we present is intended to lay the premises for a debate that forceus to make guesses, propose new ideas, discuss thecourse of people's movements after the defeats suffered with the experiment of the "progressive" governments, whose main characteristic was monopolizing since a bureaucratic caste that prevented the incubation of the politico-popular subject necessary and irreplaceable to achieve a social transformation deep, irreversible with emancipator profile. It was demonstrated that from the State it is not possible to forge a subject, nor invent it with rhetoricor stories extolling the popular, but denying the people their leading role. The insubordination with face, conscience and praxis is only possible in the rebellious subject, re-created in the struggle, the confrontation, in the direction of the transformation tasks and assuming the leadership that has always claimed in the revolutionary attempts of Latin America.


We show that ATLAS, a collider detector, can measure the flux of high-energy supernova neutrinos, which can be produced from days to months after the explosion. Using Monte Carlo simulations for predicted fluxes, we find at most $\mathcal{O}(0.1-1)$ starting events and $\mathcal{O}(10-100)$ throughgoing events from a supernova 10 kpc away. Possible Galactic supernovae from Betelgeuse and Eta Carinae are further analyzed as demonstrative examples. We argue that even with limited statistics, ATLAS has the ability to discriminate among flavors and between neutrinos and antineutrinos, making it an unique neutrino observatory so far unmatched in this capability.


It is necessary to develop driving assistant information in order to prevent a rear-end collision with a crashed car which is at the blind curve on highway. Laboratory experiments were performed using a driving simulator to keep the traffic environment constant. This research was evaluated the effect of driver behavior according to providing collision avoidance information which was consisted of advisory, caution, and warning information by the dangerous degree of traffic situation. Driver behavior was evaluated to analyze the collision avoidance with a crashed car, and glance behavior was examined to measure the eye movements to the display on which provided the collision avoidance information. After experiment, the significance was evaluated on provided collision avoidance information. As the result of this research, the number of collision accident is reduced when the phased information was provided. In addition, it is clear that auditory information is more important than visual information in the case of providing the second information.


Mobile-edge computing (MEC) is a promising paradigm to improve the quality of computation experience for vehicles. Thanks to the reduced latency and high computational capability the MEC can offer, the conventional split between on-board (vehicle) vs off-board (server) computation will be revolutionized while allowing a seamless experience even for delay-sensitive services. In this paper, we show the effectiveness of an optimal selection of a sub-set of available MECs for service replication, necessary to satisfy an offloaded request submitted by a vehicle, while ensuring service continuity in a mobility environment. Our algorithm self adapts to meet any given risk target which is a metric introduced to assess service continuity while minimizing the overall power consumption and respecting the hardware constraints of the MEC.


Abstract In order to study the role of the passive deformation in the aerodynamics of insect wings, we computationally model the three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction of an elastic rectangular wing at a low aspect ratio during hovering flight. The code couples a viscous incompressible flow solver based on the immersed-boundary method and a nonlinear finite-element solver for thin-walled structures. During a flapping stroke, the wing surface is dominated by non-uniform chordwise deformations. The effects of the wing stiffness, mass ratio, phase angle of active pitching, and Reynolds number are investigated. The results show that both the phase and the rate of passive pitching due to the wing flexibility can significantly modify the aerodynamics of the wing. The dynamic pitching depends not only on the specified kinematics at the wing root and the stiffness of the wing, but also greatly on the mass ratio, which represents the relative importance of the wing inertia and aerodynamic forces in the wing deformation. We use the ratio between the flapping frequency, $\omega $, and natural frequency of the wing, ${\omega }_{n} $, as the non-dimensional stiffness. In general, when $\omega / {\omega }_{n} \leq 0. 3$, the deformation significantly enhances the lift and also improves the lift efficiency despite a disadvantageous camber. In particular, when the inertial pitching torque is assisted by an aerodynamic torque of comparable magnitude, the lift efficiency can be markedly improved.


The notions of motivation and work performance have become a popular driving force behind most successful organizations. In Sri Lanka, the government organizations seek to improve its workers performance fo r severe challenges exist to achieve the overall objectives of the organization so a s to extend adequate motivational incentives to its entire Workers. This study makes a critical analysis of motivation and workers performance of the employees working in District Secretariat and Divisional Secretariats in Ampara District and identifies several motivation incentives that can help boost better performance. This study is an explanatory approach and simple random sampling was done and 244 respondents out of 976 from six secretariats in Ampara District. According to these research findings, there seem to be positive effect of motivation with Work performance. That is, the two variables such as, financial motivation and non financial motivation have positive effect on the work performance of the staff. This investigation clarifies that staff grade officers perform their work better than non staff grade officers. Non staff grade workers feel that they have not been given a good salary and incentives to work with interest. The study further establishes that element such as adequate salary, incentives, retirement benefits, training, loan and high education are important to motivate workers. Further, achievement, recognitions, responsibility, initiative and flexibility were seen to be vital for workers to encourage good performance. Thus, financial and non financial motivations have direct and significant relationship with worker performance among employees in District and Divisional secretariats in Ampara District in Sri Lanka. Accordingly 98% of variance in worker performance was explained by both financial and non financial motivation. Hence, the research finding would be immensely contributing to organizations to modify their motivational schemes with a view to enhancing the work performance in the organization.


Background: There has been interest over the past decade in the principle that additives that promote the formation of calcium hydroxyapatite can increase the efficacy of sodium fluoride varnishes (NaF). Aim: This study aimed to compare in vitro; the protective effect of a commercially available 5% NaF varnish with the protective effects of 5% NaF varnishes enhanced with functional tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Methodology: A total of 120 primary incisors were divided into four groups of 30 teeth. Group 1 comprised a control group that received no fluoride varnish, Group 2, teeth treated with 5% NaF varnish, Group 3, treated with 5% NaF enhanced with fTCP and Group 4, teeth treated with 5% NaF enhanced with ACP. Surface roughness before and after pH cycling was measured using a profilometer, whereas surface microhardness was measured after pH cycling. Results: Teeth in Group 4 (ACP) and Group 3 (fTCP) showed significantly higher surface microhardness values than the other groups, but there existed a large variation in the range of values obtained. No Significant differences were observed in the change in surface roughness among all groups. Conclusion: The large variation seen in the microhardness values suggest that the effects of the addition of ACP or FTCP to 5% NaF varnish may not be predictable in primary teeth.


The selective set and space of Chinese State-owned banking system is determined by Chinese economic system. As China's economy gradually transforms,all players'target functions and restrict conditions are being modified,while the government endeavors to strike a balance between financial resources integration,financial risk control and market competition introduction. Under the circumstances,Chinese state-owned banks are also reshaping themselves. With the end of the transitional period after WTO accession,China's financial sector is fully opened. Against this background,what state-owned banks should strive for in their future reform is to push ahead the ongoing reform and stay competitive in global financial market as China begins to compete worldwide. As for the direction of the reform,China should develop and strengthen financial functions of state-owned banks.


Introduction: Serotonergic system hyperactivity at 5-HT2A receptors on glutamate neurons in the cerebral cortex is one of the pathways that is theoretically linked to psychosis. In addition to neurotransmitter dysfunction, volumetric studies revealed loss of cortical gray matter and ventricular enlargement in patients with schizophrenia, although there is no case-control research on patients with schizophrenia in order to evaluate echogenicity of RN or DTV. To address these issues, the present study assessed midbrain raphe nuclei (RN) as the main source of brain serotonin and diameter of third ventricle (DTV) as an index of atrophy by transcranial sonography (TCS) in a group of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 controls were assessed by TCS for RN echogenicity and DTV. TCS was done through temporal bone window via a phased-array ultrasound using 2.5 MHz transducer in depth of 14-16 cm. RN echogenicity assessed by a semi-quantitative visual scale and DTV was measured in thalamic plane. Results: 23 patients (76.5%) and 15 (50 %) controls showed hypoechogenicity of RN which was marginally significant (p=0.06). DTV was in average larger in the patient's group (0.388 cm vs 0.234 cm, p<0.001). Conclusion: Increased DTV in the patients with schizophrenia is consistent with previous neuroimaging findings. However, marginally lower echogenicity of midbrain RN on TCS in schizophrenia is a new finding that supports the serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia.


【Objective】 This study was to establish the load estimation method of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from agriculture which was suitable for irrigation district,in order to simply and effectively calculate the agricultural non-point source pollution in irrigation district.【Method】The nitrogen and phosphorus loss from agriculture in Ningxia irrigation district were assessed by Johnes export coefficient method.The traditional Johnes export coefficient method had been improved in accordance with the characteristics of the irrigation area,in which the irrigation factor on the impact of the output was added.【Result】 The results showed that TN(total N) factor was 0.9556 and TP(total P) was 0.8776 in Ningxia irrigation district in 2006;according to traditional model,TN rate was 20 296.29 t and TP was 1 092.02 t in 2006,while according to improved model,TN load was 19 395.33 t and TP was 958.30 t in 2006.Compared with the traditional model,the relative error of TN rate of the improved model reduced by 5%,and TP rate reduced by 13%.【Conclusion】 It is concluded that the predicted result of the improved model is more approximately in accordance with the actual pollution of irrigation area than the traditional model,that is to say the improved model is applicable to irrigation district.


CPUS are becoming faster and faster, with no short-term end in sight. As a result, we seem to be reaching a point where only a few relatively inexpensive CPUS are needed to keep a herd of disk drives busy. As has always been the case, disk speeds are improving at a slower pace, although RAID technology may help in this regard. The panel will explore what the implications of these trends are for the highperformance commercial database systems of the 1990's. Relevant questions include:


A reviewer of a book I wrote claimed an idea presented therein could be found elsewhere. Eight years later, no one could say where, but no one would correct the erroneous allegation. The citations submitted proved to be fallacious, and the file on the dispute maintained by the American Psychological Association (APA) really is not about my case at all. There was a basic conflict between the conduct of the organization's functionaries and its ethical code. Those involved created a cover-up characterized by secrecy, irrelevancy, misrepresentation, failure to communicate and an adamant refusal to deal logically with my complaint and the facts of the case—everything inimical to the ideal academic/scientific end: the truth. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher 1In my book, I allege that normal human behavior can be maladaptive, but the weaker, more general phrase cited here is the one I used in Contemporary Psychology, so I am unfortunately stuck with that. (Note: a computerized literature search produced no reference supporting the notion that normal behavior is nonor maladaptive)


Key Words: Team – Assisted Individualization, Reading Ability Language is one of the important skills in English and it gives many benefits for us. To master reading, students need to have reading desire and must be tried to read something intensively and continually. In teaching reading, we can use technique to improve students' reading ability. The method is Team – Assisted Individualization. In accordance to the fact above, the researcher formulated the statement of the problems, they are 1). How the implementation of Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) method at the eight students SMP 4 Jatisrono? And 2). Is Team Assisted individualization (TAI) method able to improve the students' reading ability? The purposes of this research, there are: to implement Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) in teaching reading and to improve of the students' reading ability by using Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) method. The subject of this research was the students of the eighth grade of SMP Negeri 4 Jatisrono in 2013/2014 academic year which consisted of 32 students. The research was started on April 17th until May 22nd 2013. This research was conducted in two cycles. The writers used three research instruments. There are observation check list, questionnaire and test. The research was done in two cycles. In cycle 1, the result of students' observation score was 67,86%. It showed that during teaching and learning process the students had been good enough. The result of questionnaire score was 66,80%. It showed the students not enjoying. from the students' test result, there were 27 students can reach KKM and 5 students cannot. It means that this research had not been successful in cycle II, the students' result of observation score was 92,86%. It showed the students were more active than before. The result of questionnaire score was 88,66%. It showed that the students were very enjoying and more interested in studying English, especially in reading narrative text. The students' percentage of test that got the minimum score based on KKM was 100%. It means that the students' achievement were very satisfying and was successful. Finally, the researcher gives suggestion that English teachers can use Team – Assisted Individualization method as alternative method in teaching reading. The next researcher can develop this method by using various kinds of the media to get the better result in teaching learning process.


Racemic samples of the dialcohol 2 are known to yield two distinct types of clathrate inclusion compounds on crystallisation. Smaller guests (such as dichloromethane or cyclohexane) are included in cages within the ellipsoidal clathrate lattice (constructed from both enantiomers of the host 2). Larger guests (such as carbon tetrachloride or fluorocyclohexane) are enclosed in parallel tubes as part of the helical tubulate lattice. This structure contains only one enantiomer of 2 as a consequence of a spontaneous self-resolution process. Enantiomerically pure samples of 2 have now been prepared and the inclusion type found to switch to the helical tubulate for the smaller guests. Some much larger guest molecules (such as t-butylcyclohexane), which were not included
at all by racemic 2, now also form helical tubulate inclusion structures when the resolved dialcohol 2 is used. Thus pre-resolution of the host allows extension of helical tubulate guest inclusion in both size directions.


In this paper, an effective filter structure for filtering of target glint in tracking radar systems is used to improve the performance of CLOS(Command to Line-Of-Sight) guidance. The filter decouples range and angel channels to that it has a sound mathematical basis as well as computation efficiency as applied to the IMM algorithm. The effective filter structure in conjunction with CLOS guidance is tested by a series of simulation runs and it is shown to have superior performance compared with the other filter structures.


This study researched, what are the countries, regions and topics that the Estonian
television channels ETV, TV 3 and Kanal 2 cover the most in broadcasting their
foreign news. One of the main purposes was also to find out which are the countries
that are of primary important for the television channels and which are the differences
between these channels.
The study found that the countries that were most covered in the foreign news are
Russia, USA, Iraq, Turkey, Ukraine, Poland, Latvia and some international
organisations. The prevalence of Russia and USA is considerable. The regions that are
covered the most are Europe, Asia, North-America, and Middle East. The occurrence
of South-America, Africa and Oceania is scant. It is important to pay attention to one
of the result of the study which indicates that ETV's news with a foreign focus are not
more varied when it comes to the list of different countries and regions, when
compared to news of other television channels.
The topics that are mostly covered are politics, human interest, social topics and
conflicts. Human interest is the most covered topic in TV 3 and Kanal 2, but ETV
covers this topic also quite numerous. The author found that the topics in foreign news
do not largely differ among the three television channels.
The news about Europe and international organisations mostly cover politics related
topics; the news about Middle East are related to conflicts and disasters. In case of
North-America, South-America, Oceania and Africa we cannot talk about the most
covered topic in foreign news.
Looking into the position and length of the news it appeared that the most important
country is Russia. Events in Russia were presented most often as the first story of the
news. The second country was USA. This research also studied which are the
countries that are most often covered by a foreign correspondent. It was found that in
case of ETV these countries are Poland, USA and Latvia and the European Union.
When controlling the hypothesis it was found that all television channels prefer to
cover negative events, the main topic is politics and the most covered region is
Europe. The news about Europe are not more diverse when compared to other
regions. ETV's foreign news are not more variegated by the list of different countries
and regions when compared to the news of other television channels.
The author concluded that the list of countries, regions and topics is not variegated in
foreign news. News with foreign focus pay attention to certain regions and topics.
The study is based on content analysis.


The present article aims first to examine the vision of Japan in Russia at the time when vague and imprecise information about Japan entered Russia mainly through Western sources. Secondly, it considers the first real contacts of the two people and how vague images of Japan turned into the more concrete ones. Thirdly, the article points out the factors which influenced some of these changes and, finally, it clarifies the impact of images on diplomatic relations between two countries.


The preparation of thioesters through the iron-catalyzed coupling reaction of thiols with aldehydes is described. The reactions were carried out by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant and water as a solvent in most cases. This system is compatible with a variety of functional groups.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a topological model of fractals. Self similar fractals will be approached as inverse limit of finite one dimensional topological spaces with alpha continuous bonding functions. The second approach is to investigate topological graphs in terms nano topological spaces for Lellis Thivagar. From these approximations, the dynamics of Julia sets as a special type of self similar fractals will be studied and some physical properties of fractals through their nano topological graphs will be applied.


The backplanes of Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon microdisplays are derived from a VLSI silicon chip that includes the active matrix as well as row and column drivers. One away to convert this silicon chip into a functional backplane is to planarize the silicon chip, then etch vias through the planarization layer and finally to pattern an array of flat, highly reflective electrodes, each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding cell of the active matrix underneath. Such a post-processing sequence can be carried out in different ways, using either Chemical-Mechanical Polishing or spin-on planarization. We have chosen spin-on planarization with Dow Chemical's Cyclotene resin followed by reactive ion etching of the vias. Finally, electrodes are patterned by aluminum sputtering and lift-off. This step also establishing the electrical connection to the underlying metalization. To demonstrate this sequence we have fabricated a two-level passive silicon backplane with aluminum stripe electrodes. We describe in detail the processing steps involved and report on the achieved degree of planarization, polymer and aluminum roughness.


A method for routing a call having services provided by a first network and a second network comprises: receiving the call in the first network; correlating the first network with the second network for the call; and sending the call to the second network. The correlation between the first network and the second network allows the call for returning back to the first network from the second network, after the services provided by the second network have been applied. A communication node for carrying out the method comprises: an input module for receiving the call in the first network; a generator of a correlation between the first and second networks for the call; and an output module for sending the call to the second network.


We investigate the pion-mass dependence of the nucleon mass within the covariant SU (2) baryon chiral perturbation theory up to order p 4 with and without explicit Δ (1232) degrees of freedom. We fit lattice QCD data from several collaborations for 2 and 2+1 flavor ensembles. Here, we emphasize our N f = 2 study where the inclusion the Δ (1232) contributions stabilizes the fits. We correct for finite volume and spacing effects, set independently the lattice QCD scale by a Sommer-scale of r 0 = 0.493(23) fm and also include one σ π N lQCD data point at M π ≈ 290 MeV. We obtain low-energy constants of natural size which are compatible with the rather linear pion-mass dependence observed in lattice QCD. We report a value of σ π N = 41(5)(4) MeV for the 2 flavor case and σ π N = 52(3)(8) MeV for 2+1 flavors.


Yield optimization aims to find high-yield designs of microwave components under the uncertainties in the production process. However the Monte Carlo-based yield optimization requires extensive electromagnetic (EM) simulations. In this paper, the polynomial chaos (PC) expansion is used to construct the surrogate model of the EM responses. By combining the PC coefficients with the objective function, the objective function is related to the optimization variable. This approach allows for reliable yields and uses fewer EM simulations compared to the Monte Carlo-based yield optimization method.


In view of the common problems currently existing in the industrial robot experimental teaching in the higher vocational colleges, this paper, through deep integration of the traditional experimental teaching and the virtual simulation technology, proposes the industrial robot experimental teaching mode based on the combination of virtuality and reality. The teaching process is divided into three parts: pre-class, in-class and post-class, and the experimental teaching design is elaborated in details by taking the "material blocks handling experiment" as an example. Practices proved that the experimental teaching mode based on the virtuality and reality combination has improved the efficiency and quality of classroom teaching, enriched the after-school time of students and improved the depth and scope of learning, which played a positive role in promoting the specialty construction and talent cultivation, and could provide reference for the experimental teaching of related specialties in similar colleges and universities.


The content and size of free-volume elements in liquid-crystalline copolyester Vectra were studied by the method of positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy. Annealing at 275°C was shown to decrease the number of free volume elements by ∼30%. Uniaxial compression to e ≃ 40% leads to a marked increase (up to 60%) in the number of free-volume elements. The pattern of compression-induced changes in the number and size distributions of free-volume elements was characterized using the CONTIN computer program. Methods of thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study specific structural features of the samples differing by the conditions of preparation and treatment. The TSL and DSC data show a correlation between the profiles of the corresponding curves and the defectness of samples as characterized by PAL spectroscopy: similarly to glassy polymers, Vectra LC polymer stores energy during deformation. As evidenced by the PAL measurements, the defects with dimensions of about a few angstroms serve as energy carriers.


Asymmetric telechelic α-hydroxyl-ω-(carboxylic acid) poly(e-caprolactone) (HA-PCL) and α-hydroxyl-ω-(carboxylic acid) poly(δ-valerolactone) (HA-PVL) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone (CL) and δ-valerolactone (VL), respectively. HA-PCL oligomers were obtained at 150 °C in 2 h using ammonium decamolybdate (NH4)8[Mo10O34] as catalyst and water as initiator. A control of the number-average molecular weight (measured by NMR) can be achieved in the range between 212 and 2198 Da, based on the initial monomer/initiator ratio. Number-average molecular weight (Mn) shows a linear dependence with CL/H2O ratio in this range. The nature of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid end groups of HA-PCL and HA-PVL was studied by MALDI-TOF and 1H and 13C NMR. Changes in the chemical shifts observed in the NMR spectra as a function of molecular weight were explained in terms of hydrophobic interactions. Formation of macrocyclic species was studied by MALDI-TOF. It was found that macrocyclic species are f...


A new approach to the design of linear multivariable control systems using the inverse Nyquist array method is proposed and applied to two examples. The technique generalises diagonalisation at zero frequency to an arbitrary finite point on the D contour by minimising the sum of the squares of the moduli of the off-diagonal terms in each row of the inverse open-loop transfer-function matrix. This approach is simple to implement and is especially suitable for interactive computer-aided design. As a large range of possible solutions can be evaluated quickly, this leads either to the choice of a matrix compensator conforming to the requirements of the pertinent stability theorem or to the practical conclusion that the method does not yield a solution to the form considered.


This paper introduced the design and realization of an assistant boiler experimental equipment based on PC and PLC,including the system's configuration,description of experiment-circuit-board's hardware system and the software system of Forcecontrol 5.0.The practical results show that the design project is reasonable and high reliable.


Inverters (dc/ac converters) are commonly used to connect distributed energy resources (DERs) to the grid. Hence, the penetration rate of inverters is growing in distribution systems along with DERs. Depending on their development and penetration level, grid requirement standards for DERs are revised. New grid codes allow DERs to control their output reactive power to provide reactive power ancillary service. In this paper, the main contribution is reactive power management of inverter-based DERs (IBDER) through a practical procedure, which controls the available volt-ampere (headroom) of inverters to improve voltage profile and distribution system operation when confronting with short-term voltage magnitude variations. In this regard, a two-level control strategy (namely, central and local control levels) is proposed. In the central controller, reactive power management of IBDERs is optimized in short time intervals for mitigating voltage variations. The optimized data is sent to the local controllers of IBDERs to increase the speed of reaction to voltage variations in each time interval. The improvement of distribution systems operation with a high penetration rate of IBDERs is illustrated by performing the simulation of the proposed control strategy on a smart distribution test system.


IV. Is Legislation such as California's Marijuana Control Act the Answer for Minority Communities? 576 A. Productivity Concerns 578 B. What About Potency Regulation? 579 C. The Money Drain from Minority Communities 581 D. Federal Collateral Sanctions Would Still Exist with State Legalization 583 E. Will Legalization Predispose Minority Youth for Future Use? 586


The purpose of the study is to clarify the essence and outline the functions of the international convention-institutional mechanism for the observance and protection of human rights, as well as to reveal the directions of its interaction with the national system of administrative and legal protection of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities of Ukraine. We use methods of scientific knowledge, in particular system-functional, formal-legal, technical-legal, methods of analysis and synthesis. The National system of ensuring the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities of Ukraine, which is presented in the form of a three-level structure, among which: organizational level - is implemented by the Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Government Commissioner for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; management level – the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; functional level – individual central bodies of the executive power of Ukraine, their structural units and local self-government bodies. The key directions and principles of coordinated interaction of public administration subjects with relevant international institutions, primarily the UN and the Council of Europe, in the analyzed area are indicated.


In the short glass fiber-thermosetting resin composites the critical fiber length is one of the dominating causes for the effect of reinforcement. In this paper, a method was devised to determine the critical fiber length accurately, and the temperature dependence of the critical fiber length was studied for the glass fiber-epoxy resin and glass fiber-unsaturated polyester resin composites.If a continuous glass fiber is embedded in the resin and the system is elongated more than fiber breaking strain, a continuous fiber is broken in many pieces. If the average length of these pieces l is measured, the critical fiber length lc is given with lc=4/3_??_.The critical fiber lengths increase with the increase in temperature greatly and the interfacial shear strengths calculated with these values decrease in proportion to temperature rise in the region of 40°C_??_120°C. This trend of decrease can be explained mainly by the decrease of shear strengths of matrix with increase in temperature in case of which glass fiber surfaces are treated with silan coupling agent, and by the relaxation of thermal stress and secondary bond at interface with increase in temperature in case of which glass fiber surfaces are treated with release agent.


Android is the most rapidly developing smartphone operating system because its open-source nature makes it easier for developers to modify Android applications and functionality. This simplicity has also contributed to a rise in the development of malicious software, sometimes known as malware. Malware typically infects applications to damage the system and steal data, leading to substantial losses for Android users. Therefore, it is essential to take preventative steps to detect malware. Deep learning is one such application method. This study compares single-view and multi-view deep learning architectures to identify Android malware using system calls and permissions. The malware analysis method employed is a hybrid method that combines static and dynamic analysis. Genymotion is used to collect system-call features, whereas Androguard is used to extract permissions. The deep learning base model is created using two unique architectures: LSTM (Long short-term memory) for processing system calls and MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) for processing permissions. In single-view deep learning architecture, each feature is treated separately on the model. However, multi-view deep learning features are processed on a concatenated model using the concatenate function. According to the assessment findings, the multi-view deep learning architecture model employing the Adam optimizer and the learning rate parameter of 0.005 achieves an accuracy of 83% and an f1 score of 81%. These findings demonstrate a 2% gain in accuracy over the single view model with the same hyperparameters.


The optimum technology conditions of treating pharrmaceutical wastewater, which COD value is 1000 to 4000mg/L, are as follows: the scope of pH value is 6.0-7.5, the agitating rate is 160r/min and the agitating time 15 min, when the eoagulants PACh and PAFCS are applied. The dosage of the coagulants is 300mg/L, the sutsidence the is 150min and the removal ratio of COD is more than 80% when the wastewater is simply treated once. The treatment effect is much better when the two-step adding method is utilized . The values of pH, COD and SS reach National Discharge Criterion When the discharge water is filtered with anthracite-quartz sand filter cylinder following the simple one-coagulation.


Overview In this lesson, students learn about the beliefs and practices of Islam. In a Problem Solving Groupwork activity, they read about, create illustrations for, and make presentations on eight beliefs and practices of Islam. As the presentations are completed, each group adds a section to an eightpointed star to fill one wall of the classroom with pictures, symbols, and summary statements about Islam.