Work values were examined as an antecedent of recruiters' judgments of applicant fit with the organization. Data were collected on the work values of recruiters, their organizations, and job applicants in actual job interviews conducted through the placement center of a large university. Following the interviews, recruiters evaluated applicants' general employability and organization-specific fit. Approximately 4 months following the interviews, data on whether the applicants were invited for a second interview were also obtained. Work value congruence between the applicant and the recruiter was found to be related to judgments of general employability and organization-specific fit. Congruence between the applicant and the organization (as perceived by the recruiter) was not related to judgments of employability and organization-specific fit. Recruiter ratings of employability were related to the decision to invite the applicant for a second interview. Work value congruence was not related to second interview decisions. It is concluded that if work values and judgments of applicant fit influence the personnel selection process, they are more likely to do so at later stages when job offer decisions are made. Work values and judgments of applicant fit seem to have minimal impact on decisions to retain the applicant for additional consideration in early stages of the selection process.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the tolerance of larval fish in the families Characidae, Cyprinidae, and Belontiidae to therapeutic doses of sodium chloride and formalin. Four species of fish were included in this study: zebra danio Brachydanio rerio (also known as Danio rerio), black tetra Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Buenos Aires tetra Hemigrammus caudovittatus, and blue gourami (also known as threespot gourami) Trichogaster trichopterus. Representative species from each family for both yolk sac fry (2–3 d old) and free-swimming fry (5–7 d old) were tested. The treatments consisted of 1 or 3 g/L sodium chloride or 12.5 or 25 mg/L formalin. Mortalities at 24 and 48 h were compared. Although 12.5–25 mg/L of formalin appears to be safe for very young zebra danio fry, therapeutic doses of salt are not recommended. Yolk sac and free-swimming fry of the blue gourami are tolerant of therapeutic doses of salt (1–3 g/L) but very sensitive to formalin. Because there are significant differences in t...


The integrated reflectivities of the following monocrystals: Ge(111), Cu(220), Zn(0002), and Pb(220), have been measured for neutron wavelengths between 0.6 and 2.0 angstroms. The results incorporate the influence of collimators. The experimental values agree closely with the theoretical model. The present investigation also includes the experimental results of the mosaic spreads of the above crystals. All the crystals were studied by reflection geometry.


Many states are taking a variety of measures to cope with the unprecedented global threat arising from COVID-19. To the extent that these measures affect the interest of foreign investors, they could implicate various provisions of international investment agreements. In particular, the pandemic situation in 2020 raises the possibility of invoking national security exceptions clauses contained in recent investment agreements. Although it is still too early to judge, recent jurisprudence indicates that a bona fide measure to counter COVID-19 may constitute an instance to invoke security exceptions in investment agreements. At the same time, current security exceptions clauses are not detailed enough to deal with new types of national emergency such as pandemics. Nor have there been sufficient discussions so far to clarify and fine-tune the clauses. Keen attention having been paid to national security exceptions even before the pandemic is now signaling that the provision is likely to be invoked more actively and robustly in the investment context. Existing and future investment agreements need to revisit this provision to ensure it does not become a source of conflict or a carte blanche for treaty violations.


Skeletal fragility has received considerable attention because of personal and financial challenges associated with the increased risk of fracture. Consequently, a special interest of research scientists has been directed to a better description of bone behaviour, both under normal and pathological conditions. Human cancellous bone, as well as cortical, is a complex anisotropic material. Experimental studies have presented the non-linear viscous behaviour of bone material [1, 2]. In addition, due to mechanical loads the bone displays internal adaptive remodelling, which is sensitive to the local strain rates, strain distributions, dynamic nature of the loads and to the number of loading cycles. As presented in [3], remodelling is regulated by the mineral metabolism and the appearance of microcracks. Though significant research has been undertaken, these remodelling mechanisms remain not fully understood. In recent years, investigations into the damage behaviour of both cortical and cancellous bone have aroused a great interest. Damage accumulation is a critical component of the fracture process in bone under monotonic, creep and fatigue load conditions. Previous studies have reported that damage accumulation leads to the degradation of the mechanical properties of bone, such as stiffness, strength, toughness, and viscous response [4]. In addition, bone damage has been implicated as a cause of increased fragility and is believed that it initiates bone remodelling. Fatigue-induced microdamage is repaired by bone remodelling, but if damage accumulates too quickly, or if remodelling is deficient, fatigue failure may result. Hence, in the long term, damage could lead to increased knowledge about the stability of prosthetic implants, debilitating bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, and it could help reveal the mechanisms behind stress fractures, which are significant orthopedic concerns today. One of the key issues that has not been resolved is how and where this damage initiates in


This article analyzes the price competition in many trades and its current situation in China and discusses the pros and cons of different types of price competition and the government's role in it. Then the author draws a conclusion that many of the price competition in Chinese market is legitimate thus the government need not to interfere in it .


Express routes in North America are becoming more crowded, both in traffic density and in visual clutter. Higher demand for driver attention is a possible concern for regulators. Advertising signs add to this demand on visual attention. This study focused on the glance behavior of 25 drivers at various advertising signs along an expressway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The average duration of the glances for the subjects was 0.57 s [standard deviation (SD) = 0.41], and in total there was an average of 35.6 glances per subject (SD = 26.4). Active signs that contained movable displays or components made up 51% of the signs and received significantly more glances (69% of all glances and 78% of long glances). The number of glances was significantly lower for passive signs (0.64 glances per subject per sign) than for active signs (greater than 1.31 glances per subject per sign). The number of long glances was also greater for active signs than for passive signs. Sign placement in the visual field may be critical to a sign being noticed or not. Empirical information is provided to assist regulatory agencies in setting policy on commercial signing.


Objective To investigate the current status of self-management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and the influential factors.Methods The multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain the sample in Hunan Province,and 450 participants of 9 hospitals in 3 cities were recruited.Self-Management Scale(SMS) for patients with COPD edited by ourselves were used to collect the data.Results The average SMS score of patients with COPD was(152.52±28.71).And the influential factors were economic burden,education level and course of disease.Conclusion The self-management level of patients with COPD is not so bad,and its influential factors are economic burden,education level and course of disease.


The title complexes (X = Cl, 1a; X = Br, 1b; X = I, 1c) could be characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and were partially studied by X-ray diffraction (1b,c), cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy (1b). The short N=N bonds of about 1.26A, the occurrence of only weak charge transfer absorptions in the visible, the rather small shift of the reduction potential, and the small g anisotropy in the EPR spectrum of 1b˙− indicate an only a marginal π interaction between the organometallic PtIV fragments and the excellent π acceptor abpy.


This article shows the trend in the development of solar thermal and solar photovoltaic technologies and their impact on developing more efficient and sustainable systems based on a bibliometric and scientometric study from 2000-2022. By conducting a bibliometric analysis, the incidence of publications related to the topic was determined, concerning the countries with the highest production, institutions, most representative authors, and keyword analysis, among others; in addition, the study of patents related to the topic was analyzed. The databases Scopus, Journal citation report, Espacenet software, and different computer tools were used for the analysis. The results showed that the countries with the most significant impact and production of technologies are the United States, India, China, Spain, and Brazil, which account for more than 50% of the total. The United States is the country that produces the most patents


The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the 95% ethanol crude extracts and their four solvent fractions( petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,normal butyl alcohol and aqueous) of Rubia tibetica Hook.F. The extracts of the Rubia tibetica Hook. F. were evaluated for their total phenols,total flavonoids and antioxidant activity( DPPH radical,ABTS radical,hydroxyl radical,superoxide scavenging effect,reducing power and ferrous ions chelating activities). The relationship between the antioxidant activity and the content of total phenolics and total flavonoids was analysed.The results showed that all the fraction except water fraction had great antioxidant activity and the content of total phenolics and total flavonoids had a highly significant correlation with the activity.The ethyl acetate fraction was the most effective fraction with the highest content of total phenolics and total flavonoids and the content of them were( 232.03 ± 1.74) mg rutin equivalent / g extract and( 173.53 ± 1.75) gallic acid equivalent mg / g extract,respectively. The EC50 values of ethyl acetate fraction based on DPPH,superoxide,hydroxyl radical and ABTS was 0.06 ± 0.01,0.17 ± 0.01,( 0.24 ± 0.02) mg / m L and( 1.75 ± 0.23) μg / m L. The EC50 of ethyl acetate fraction on ferrous ions chelating activities was( 0.11 ± 0.01) mg / m L. Ethyl acetate fraction of Rubia tibetica Hook.F,a strong ability to act as antioxidant,may be considered as a natural source of active compounds.


Background: CD59 is a membrane glycoprotein that inhibits terminal complement pathway C5b‐9 assembly. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CD59 limits the proinflammatory effects of complement activation in atherosclerosis.


The clinical potential for Raman microscopic systems is well established for early diagnosis via cytology. Although Raman systems offer a complementary diagnostic tool providing molecular information, it is not yet utilised substantially in clinics. A few challenges for the clinical implementation of Raman spectroscopy are system and user variability. In this study, we asked how much variability occurs due to different Raman systems or users. To address these questions, we measured the same set of cells using two different Raman microscopes and by two different users. And classification models were generated using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and analysed for clinical implementation. Raman spectra were measured from single exfoliated cells (n=400) from ThinPrep samples with negative cytology (n=10) and high-grade cytology (n=10). Raman spectra were acquired from the same set of cells via two identical HORIBA Jobin Yvon XploRATM systems (Villeneuve d'Ascq, France), as well as two different users. The Raman data was subjected to PLS-DA and cross-validated via leave-one-patient out. The study's findings suggest that the data acquired from the two Raman systems are 99% identical. However, the observed classification accuracy for the data obtained by user-one was 92%, whereas by user-two was 99%.


Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to investigate 189 male athletes playing soccer, rugby and water polo 1) to demonstrate the presence of the team-serving bias and thereby examine the validity of the Causal Dimension Scale for Teams (CDS-T), a measurement tool of team attribution, and 2) to verify the effects of group cohesion on the team-serving bias. Results: A team-serving bias was found in the locus of causality, stability and external control factors of team attribution, thus validating the measurement toolused in the study. Further, the moderating effect between group cohesion and team-serving bias was verified via hierarchical regression analysis. The direction of the moderating effects, as shown in the interaction graphs, indicated that the team-serving bias was higher for Individual-centred Task-oriented cohesion and Group-centred Task-oriented cohesion. Conclusion: we have shown that the team-serving bias tends to be stronger when group cohesion is higher. Further, we found that among the different types of group cohesion, there were moderating effects of task cohesion but not of social cohesion.


Qianguo Irrigation District is typical soda saline-alkaline land of Songhuajiang Watershed, where the excess irrigation for leaching Na+ from the root zone has aggravated the non-point source pollution (NPS) from agricultural system and therefore threatened the water quality of Chagan Lake, a national nature reserve. A field experiment with independent irrigation system was conducted to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface water of paddy field under different hydrotechnic conditions and their potential environmental impact in 2009. The results showed that split N fertilizer application with four times and single basal application of P fertilizer greatly increased the concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N), total nitrogen (TN), soluble phosphorus (SP) and total phosphorus in surface water, and then subsequently declined. During all the experimental period, the concentration of N and P in paddy field runoff in the investigated area were TN 1.08∼3.90 mg/L, TP 1.32∼3.87 mg/L respectively, higher than the surface water quality criteria of Class III and Class V in China, therefore N and P losses from paddy soils during each drainage were contributing to downstream water eutrophication. N and P in runoff mainly consist of particulate phosphorus (PP) and NO3–N, respectively. During rainfall or paddy growth period, the concentration of N and P in the runoff tended to temporal decrease, but showed great fluctuation during irrigation and heavy rainfall. Pollution load of the experimental plot showed that either N and P loss amount or the variation coefficient of TN and TP concentration in drainage was significantly positively correlated with the hydrotechnic conditions. N and P runoff from paddy field directly affected the eutrophication level of offtakes and hence deteriorated the downstream aquatic environment. The ammonia concentration of the return water from farmland was rather high, thus threatening the fish farming in the downstream Chagan Lake. The period within a week after the fertilizer application, irrigation or heavy rainfall days was very critical to control N and P loss; the fields with good irrigation condition should be regarded as the critical source areas (CSA) to monitor due to their susceptivity to agricultural stream disturbance.


When this article was first published online, In Figure 1(a), we encounter to human mistake during the AFM experiment. The human mistake was due to the wrong labeling of samples during transfer of results from a technical person to us. The replacement of this valid data does not influence the main conclusions of the paper. In order to present valid result, we again carried out the AFM experiments mentioned in Figure 1(a); incorrect one will be replaced by correct Figure 1(a).


Reforms in medical schools have resulted in students spending less time in surgical rotations, particularly plastic surgery, as students often place learning priorities on specialties that are examination-heavy.1 This is despite studies demonstrating that the acquisition of plastic surgery knowledge made better clinicians.2 The continuation of this paradigm could potentially discouragemedical students frompursuing a career in this specialty, affecting both its sustainability and the value it brings to clinical practice. Increasing exposuremust thereforebeachievedoutside the curriculum, initiated by students. This is achieved through the formation of a Plastic Surgery Society that provides an environment for students to liaise with the local plastic surgery department andnetworkwithplastic surgeryorganizations to create a domino effect of engagement. A society can be formed based on an acronym that the author has devised: INSPIRE. I stands for Initiate, whereby the student must begin forming the foundation of the society. This includes forming a committee before creating a logo and name of the society. N stands for Network. This is when the newly formed committee contacts the local plastic surgery unit or various consultants around the region to help oversee and aid the society. Honorary positions can be appointed to consultantswhichmay encourage greater responsibility and engagement. Networking also includes contacting organizations for valuable resources and information. S stands for Schedule. To run a successful society, events must be scheduled, ranging from inspirational talks given by consultants to journal clubs where students can critically appraise papers together to increase knowledge of the specialty.More practical approaches are also successful in gaining exposure through organizing suturing, microsurgery, or cadaveric dissection courses, which allow students to directly experience the work of plastic surgeons. It is important that events, especially skills' workshops, are held regularly alongside teaching sessions—a busy society makes a successful society. The aim of these events should be to improve interaction with faculty, opportunities for learning, and undertaking of projects. The society can also encourage itsmembers to take up special interest programs within the medical school and electives in plastic surgery to further foster interest and commitment. P stands for Promote. This is achieved through using various communication platforms such as mailing lists andsocialmedia. Students cansendemails ofupcomingevents and reminders to all students, advertise events on medical school newsletters, and create societal posters to distribute in hospital andmedical school bulletin boards. It also provides a means to communicate efficiently any valuable resources and collaborate with other societies and organizations, further promoting the society and plastic surgery. I stands for Integrate. This requires students to integrate personally with the local plastic surgery team. To achieve this, the society can form mentorship schemes, whereby students are assigned to a particular consultant. Students can then hopefully gain operative experience, obtain an insight into their future careers, and begivenmoreopportunities toundertakeprojects. Integration canalsobeattained inmedical schools throughelectingplastic surgery representatives within each year, so that all students have amorepersonalized pointof contact. R stands forReform. Reform is vital for progress, and this can be achieved through feedback forms. They can be handed out after every event to students and consultants, so that future events can be improved. Actingon feedback showsopinions and ideas arebeing heard, which improves engagement and exposure to plastic surgery. Finally, E stands for Expand. Expansion garners exposure on a larger scale and illustrates members of the society's commitment to sustainability. This is accomplished through encouraging students to becomestudent committeemembers of national Plastic Surgery organizations. If these positions are


This letter studies a target defense game between two defenders and a faster moving invader. We propose a novel approach that solves the saddle point strategy from a family of time-to-capture isochrons. We show that the game can be viewed as a pursuit-evasion game between the invader and the isochrons, where the latter are controlled by the defenders. The optimal defending strategy is the one that forces the invader to isochrons with shorter time-to-capture most efficiently. The proposed method is validated in a special case with zero capture range, where we prove that the saddle point strategy is optimal regardless of other players' behaviors. In addition, the isochrons are shown to be semipermeable, and the barrier of the target defense game is solved.


The influence of morphological and structural parameters of microdimensional tetrapods ZnO on their activity in the reaction of photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin under the influence of UV light has been studied. The greatest activity (velocity constant 25.5 · 10-3 min-1) was demonstrated by unalloyed ZnO tetrapods obtained in the presence of Au in the initial charge, which had the smallest geometric parameters. The photocatalytic activity of tetrapods is explained by the highly defective structure of their near-surface layers. Photoactive microsize tetrapods ZnO, synthesized by the carbothermal method, can be used in the mineralization of toxic organic compounds.


Memoirs by physician-writers are typically analyzed for what they disclose about the emotional journey of medical training and practice. We can also read many of these memoirs as manifestos for the reform of medicine. Consider the work of the physician, historian, and writer Victoria Sweet. Sweet engages Hildegard of Bingen, as a practitioner of humoral medicine, to construct a proposal for a renewed medicine in which physicians would have dual roles, consider the seasons and cycles of time, and be like wise gardeners. Sweet's proposal is attractive, but it does not account for significant differences between her own genre and Hildegard's.


a First authors; equal contribution; alphabetical order * Corresponding authors 4 had investigated electrospinning as a possible method of encapsulation both bacteria and bacterial viruses. Both the poly (vinyl alcohol) (henceforth PVA) and poly (ethylene oxide) (henceforth PEO) fibers are both water soluble and thus could not be used for any environmental application. Furthermore, the environmental applications for the microorganisms that were used, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli are very limited. In this paper, we were the first time developed a membrane encapsulated with functional bacteria via electrospun PEO-PPO-PEO dimethacrylate nanofibrous web. During electrospinning, the nanofibers overlap each other in a completely random manner, giving rise to the open pore structure ideal for filtration. This work opens up the avenue of exploring the use of nanofibers for more mainstream application in the separation technology.


This text is about the Swiss University Conference (SUC) program 2 (P2) project entitled "data life-cycle management" (DLCM), which is partnered with library-, IT-, research-, and/or Life Sciences and Digital Humanities-departments from eight Swiss Higher Education Institutions (EPFL, HEG / HES-SO, UNIL, UNIBAS, UNIZH, ETHZ, UNIGE and SWITCH). The project, accepted in August 2015, aims at offering services to the Swiss research community to help them manage their research data more conveniently. Herein, after introducing the research data management topic, we present the methodology and organization of such a comprehensive project, starting by collecting researchers' opinions, expressing them into needs, and ending with a detailed description of what the already existing and future outcomes of the project will be.


The invention discloses a penoxsulam-flucetosulfuron weeding composition. The weeding composition comprises active ingredients including penoxsulam and flucetosulfuron and the balance of pesticide adjuvants. The weight ratio of the penoxsulam to the flucetosulfuron is 20:1-1:20, and the total content of the penoxsulam and the flucetosulfuron in the composition is 1%-50% by weight percentage. The penoxsulam-flucetosulfuron weeding composition can be processed into suspension agents, dispersible oil suspension agents, wettable powder and water dispersible granules through a pesticide production process according to actual application to control weeds in paddy field. The weeding composition disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the additive or synergistic effect is obviously reflected within a certain proportion range, the control effect of the composition is obviously superior to that of single dosage, the dosage of the pesticide is decreased, the pesticide use cost is reduced, and the adverse effect of the pesticide on the ecological environment is reduced.


We apply a perceptual grouping concept for document deskewing. The method is similar to Hough Transform, but each voter casts its votes in a neighborhood instead of the whole domain; and the winning policy is based on tensors, which are more sophisticated than scalars and vectors. The voters are centroids of connected components, and skew angles are estimated along the skewed text lines by tracing the ridges (arbitrary curves of peaks) in the voting domain, and the complete skew angle field is obtained by elastic surface interpolation.


since the volume is very much shaped by the tragedies and hostilities of the past decade. The volume would benefit from a more diverse set of topics, contributors, and questions from comparative history. A greater familiarity with other colonial wars and other empires might prompt more fruitful questions and methods for the study of the imperial experience. Only Degoev cites Western articles on the topic, and only a few at that. Non-Russian contributions from the Caucasus might contribute toward a more useful exchange, perhaps especially from Georgian scholars, who are generally alarmed by the senseless destruction of the recent war and yet remain sensitive to the problem of imperial domination at the hands of the Russians. The political restrictions on scholarship of the Soviet era have generally disappeared, but the last decade reminds us that the problem of political conformity in scholarship is a matter beyond traditional forms of state control and censorship.


Color is the first feature of foods noticed by consumers; It is one of the essential sensory properties that directly affect the acceptance of foods. Although foods have unique colors, there are losses due to external factors such as temperature, acidity, and light during processing. Today, artificial coloring agents are frequently used to preserve the color of foods. Scientific studies have revealed the adverse effects of artificial colorants on health, the number of which is increasing day by day. In parallel with the increasing consumer awareness, the consumption of synthetic dyes is decreasing day by day. Interest in natural color pigments of vegetable origin has increased in recent years. Natural colorants of plant origin, such as anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotene, are used in different foods. Anthocyanins are one of the most widely used pigments in the food industry and give foods red, pink, purple, and blue colors. The biggest obstacle to using anthocyanins as food dyes is that they are not resistant to food processing processes. Factors such as thermal processes, pH change, sugar concentration, light, and oxygen limit the use of anthocyanins. For this reason, the stability of anthocyanins is trying to increase by different methods in different processes. Encapsulation, molecular copigmentation, and metal complexes are the most promising methods. In this review, a literature review on the stability-increasing methods of anthocyanins by copigmenting with phenolic compounds was performed, and the results were examined.


An important emerging issue in fisheries biology is the health of free‐ranging populations of fish, particularly with respect to the prevalence of certain pathogens. For many years, pathologists focused on captive populations and interest was in the presence or absence of certain pathogens, so it was economically attractive to test pooled samples of fish. Recently, investigators have begun to study individual fish prevalence from pooled samples. Estimation of disease prevalence from pooled samples is straightforward when assay sensitivity and specificity are perfect, but this assumption is unrealistic. Here we illustrate the use of a Bayesian approach for estimating disease prevalence from pooled samples when sensitivity and specificity are not perfect. We also focus on diagnostic plots to monitor the convergence of the Gibbs‐sampling‐based Bayesian analysis. The methods are illustrated with a sample data set.


Although the quality of biomedical research investigation in Spain has improved in recent years, only 1.03% of the gross national product is dedicated to the financing of research and development activities. Nevertheless, the Spanish government intends to eventually increase its investment to 3% over the next few years in accordance with the initiatives set forth by the European Union. Biomedical research is a key element in Spanish scientific production; 41% of Spain's scientific publications have their origins in biomedical research. Biomedical researchers garner 51% of all the citations listed in the ISI (for all Spanish scientific research). Moreover, hospitalconducted research of the Sistema Nacional de Salud (the Spanish Health System) constitutes 20% of the total number of Spanish scientific publications. The budget for the biomedical research program of the Ministry of Health (MH) for the period 2004–2007 is 450 million euros. The Health Care Research program received 220 million euros for the year 2004, representing a real growth of 7%. More than 45 million euros have also been allocated for research activity undertaken by the foundations created by the MH in the fields of cardiology, oncology, genomics and proteomics, neuroscience, and international cooperation. Furthermore, the MH sponsors specific activities for the promotion and financing of clinical trials related to uncommon diseases, as well as new applications of existing medications whose patents have expired. As a consequence of the new Spanish Law of Cohesion and Health Care Quality, the MH has begun to promote the creation and accreditation of networks, centers, and institutes while forging alliances of greater scope between universities, hospitals, and other research institutions. This activity corresponds to the guidelines of the European Union—above all to the 6th Program of the Framework of Investigation, which aims to establish networks of excellence. This European model has provided the basis for the novel and efficient structure of Spain's biomedical investigation. One of the great advantages of this model has been the effective rapprochement between basic and clinical centers and groups, thereby avoiding the problems associated with an excessive concentration of resources of investigation in single isolated centers that are operating far from clinical reality. The fruits of this investment should be reviewed in 3 to 5 years. There are different categories or stages in the process of clinical biomedical investigation. Translational research encompasses transference of knowledge and technology from the laboratory to the bedside and vice versa. It is the application of basic knowledge to the health care process. One of the solutions to improve the translational process is based on the creation of multidisciplinary institutes of biomedical research with a horizontal organization and a strong clinical– health care component. This approach shortens the interval between the production of new knowledge and its application to clinical practice in real time. Clinical practice constantly provides ideas and challenges for both clinical and basic investigation. With a greater integration of the two approaches, there is a greater likelihood to apply such advances in the prevention and treatment of important health care problems. The framework of the MH's new program of investigation is based precisely on this philosophy. Last year theMHcreated13networkprogams.Oneof these programs was the Research National Network in Hepatology and Gastroenterology (RNIHG). It is coordinated by Professor Jaime Bosch from the Liver Unit of the Hospital Clı́nic of Barcelona and has two programs: "Mechanisms of Diseases of the Digestive Tract" and "Mechanisms of Progression to Cirrhosis and Its Complications." The latter program includes the study of genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of fibrogenesis and progression to cirrhosis due to different etiologies. It is also aimed at identifying new therapeutic targets and new insights into the pathophysiology of the complications of cirrhosis by means of epidemiologic, clinical, experimental, and histopathologic studies. Moreover, the cooperation will focus on the evaluation of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Both programs will have the priorities of promoting cooperative basic and clinical studies among centers and facilitating studies that may produceoutputs applicable toclinicalmanagementofpatientswith digestive diseases. For this, two major common structures have beencreated:aWebsite includingshareddatabasemanagement (www.idibaps.ub.es/RNIGH/inicio.htm) and a centralized DNA,RNA,andtissuebank.Thereare18centersparticipating in this project; the annual budget is 1.6 M€.


We further develop and analyse penalized likelihood estimators for generalized linear models with a large number of coefficients. The methodology proposed leads to an adaptive selection of model terms without substantial variance inflation. Our proposal extends the soft thresholding strategy of Donoho and Johnstone and the lasso of Tibshirani to generalized linear models and multiple predictor variables. In addition, we develop an estimator for the covariance matrix of the estimated coefficients, which can even be used for terms dropped from the model. Used in connection with basis functions, the methodology proposed provides an alternative to other generalized function estimators. It leads to an adaptive economical description of the results in terms of basis functions. Specifically, it is shown how adaptive regression splines and qualitative restrictions can be incorporated. Our approach is demonstrated by applications to a prognosis of solvency and rental guides.


The #MOMathon16 will take place on 15 November 2016!  It is an online event concerned with the Monasterium portal – Europe's virtual charters archive. The MOMathon gives everyone interested in refining the accessibility of digital available historic documents the opportunity to collectively enhance the world´s largest database of medieval and early modern charters. Here you can find information about the 2nd official MOMathon, which was held in June2016. More details on the event, how to part...


Being the third sector outside the government and the market,the non-governmental organizations have the possibilities of taking part in the crisis management from the theoretical and practical perspectives.After the incident of Tibet on March 14,2008,the railway accident of Jiaoji on April 28,the hand,foot and mouth disease in Fuyang,Anhui and the great earthquake on May 12 in Wenchuan,the NGOs have played a major role in these tests and at the same time revealed certain problems.This paper makes an earnest analysis of the problems and puts forward some specific strategies.


In this paper, two dual-polarized high-gain antenna arrays for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) emergency communication system are proposed. One antenna array is applied for air to air (ATA) communication, which presents omnidirectional radiation characteristics on azimuth plane. The other antenna array is used in air to ground (ATG) communication, where a fixed tilted beam on elevation plane is generated. The operating frequency for ATA array and ATG array is 5.15 GHz–5.35 GHz and 5.7 GHz −5.85 GHz, respectively. Both of the horizontally polarized (HP) element and vertically polarized (VP) element are composed of a designed wideband microstrip antenna, which consists of a driven strip and two stacked strips. To achieve omnidirectional radiation on azimuth plane, four centrically arranged sub-arrays in H- and V-polarizations are simulated and optimized. The simulated results demonstrate that the gain of ATA array reaches to 10.92 dBi in HP and 11.09 dBi in VP respectively. The omnidirectionality is less than 1.5 dB, which shows an excellent omnidirectional performance. For ATG array, by controlling the phase shift on each element, a conical beam with 10° offset pointing to ground plane is generated in both the H- and V-polarizations. The gain is above 7 dBi in the two polarizations, with 3 dB beamwidth of 27°.


From well cleanup to velocity strings to squeeze jobs, more Midcontinent operators are adding coiled-tubing methods to their oilfield techniques. The advantages of these techniques are discussed.


Solvent properties of ionic liquids with trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate anion (Cyphos IL-104) or chloride anion (Cyphos IL-101) were studied. IL-104 effectively extracted lactic acid (LA) with distribution coefficients above 40 at low acid concentrations. IL-104 extracted only undissociated acid (LAH) what supported the coordination mechanism of lactic acid extraction via H-bonding. In the extraction of lactic acid by phosphonium chloride (IL-101) an ion-exchange mechanism contributed remarkably to the extraction especially at basic pH where anionic form of this acid predominated. A high solubility of water in hydrophobic IL-104 up to 14.4 mass % was connected with the formation of reverse micelles. A dual mechanism of water extraction to phosphonium ionic liquids was identified, which consisted of water incorporation into reverse micelles and the inclusion of water into the hydrated complex of lactic acid with ionic liquid (IL). The extraction of lactic acid caused splitting of reverse micelles with liberation of water from the solvent. In the saturated solvent only hydration water remained in the complex of lactic acid with phosphonium ionic liquid, with the suggested structure (LAH)p(IL)(H2O)2, where the value of p ranged from 1 to 3.


We study the low-temperature in-plane magnetoresistance of tunnel-coupled quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires. The wires are defined by two pairs of mutually aligned split gates on opposite sides of a < 1 micron thick AlGaAs/GaAs double quantum well heterostructure, allowing independent control of their widths. In the ballistic regime, when both wires are defined and the field is perpendicular to the current, a large resistance peak at ~6 Tesla is observed with a strong gate voltage dependence. The data is consistent with a counting model whereby the number of subbands crossing the Fermi level changes with field due to the formation of an anticrossing in each pair of 1D subbands.


The measurement of Lα, Lβ x-ray production cross sections for the element Pb (Z = 82) by 16–40 keV electron impact is reported in this paper. The target used in the experiment was prepared by evaporating the elemental Pb onto a thick pure carbon substrate. The effects of multiple scattering of electrons when penetrating the target film, of electrons reflected from the thick pure carbon substrate and of bremsstrahlung photons produced by the impact of incident electrons on the target are corrected using the Monte Carlo method. The experimental data, reported here for the first time in the energy region of interest, are compared with the plane-wave Born approximation theory with exchange, Coulomb and relativistic corrections. They are in good agreement.


Despite the burgeoning number of studies of e-government implementation, very few scholars have focused on the relationship between eGovernment implementation success and the roles of actors' collaboration in particular within a local government context. Drawing on Van de Ven (2005) collective action theory, this paper endeavors to conduct an in-depth investigation through a case study of government actors perform collective action in local e-government implementation. Data were gathered through field observation, in-depth interviews, and written material. The data, then, were analyzed using the grounded theory approach through open, axial, and theoretical coding. By claiming that technology is fundamentally a collective action process, this study investigates the logic embedded in the actors' collaboration to build and implement e-Government at the local level. This study found that local government actors successfully perform a collective action in local e-government implementation through a harmony of coordination, cooperation, communication, and sharing responsibilities among local actors. Local e-government systems and infrastructures were built and implemented through intensive coordination and collaboration with the central government, internal local government, and private actors. Responsibilities to develop and maintain the local e-government systems and infrastructures are shared across local institutions.


Judges like to reach results that harmonize statutory meanings, both meanings within given statutes and meanings among statutes. That inclination applies as fully in tax cases as in nontax cases, and in state and local tax cases as well as in federal tax cases. Effective advocates in state local tax controversies recognize that judicial tropism and use it, whenever possible, in their clients' interests.


In research is offered a new method of the air passengers' service quality estimation, based on application the logistical model. The list of quality parameters based on interrogation of air passengers is defined, groups and stages on which quality of service is estimated are revealed, the example of calculation is resulted.


model with samples harvested in 2009, respectively. The established PLS models obtained Rc with the range of 0.8846 to 0.8893 and RMSEC with the range of 1.0248 to 0.9645 °Brix. The obtained results were better than the result of the model which was established only with samples harvested in 2009. Moreover, the models established using different numbers of added samples had similar results. Therefore, it was concluded that adding samples from another harvest year could improve the accuracy and robustness of the model for SSC prediction of fresh jujube. The overall results proved that the consideration of samples from different harvest places and years would be useful for establishing an accuracy and robustness spectral model.


The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate the mucoadhesive microsphere of clarithromycin and omeprazole using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K4M, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K100M and carbopol 971p. Microspheres were prepared by non-aqueous emulsification solvent evaporation method using liquid paraffin as a cross linking agent. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for micromeritic properties. Batch CF5 and OF5 shows the highest adhesion property i.e. 08 hrs and 7.55 hrs respectively. Likewise batch CF5 and OF5 also shows highest % drug entrapment i.e. 82% and 96.26% respectively and declared as an optimized batches. These batches were filled in 0 size capsules and evaluated for weight variation, content uniformity and % cumulative drug release.


This thesis paper details the development of a simulator for modeling the assembly of ceramic structures on a computer of workstation size. Determination of amorphizability of non-periodic structures is a difficult problem in materials science. In order to address this, a simulator was developed that utilizes a simple mass-spring model to represent structure, and from this derives topological properties useful in determining stability. Application of the local rules theory of Berger et al. allows for a significant increase in performance over slower molecular dynamics based methods. The paper covers various aspects of the simulator's design and use. First, it gives background information about ceramic compounds and their topological representation, describes the theory of local rules, and explains how the theory motivates the development of the simulator. Then, it describes the constraints used in designing the simulator. Next, it details the implementation of the simulator itself including the user interface, its functionality, as well as the underlying algorithms. Following an evaluation of the simulator, the paper then provides several sample applications. Finally, it draws some conclusions about the simulator and discusses possible future improvements. Thesis Supervisor: Bonnie Berger Title: Samuel A. Goldblith Associate Professor of Applied Mathematics


Traditional titles for women, Mrs (married) or Miss (single), used to refer to their marital status, whereas the term for men, Mr, was neutral in this regard (either married or single). This naming convention signals a woman's relationship to a man within her name, inviting the hearer to consider this as part of who she is, rather than presenting her as an individual. The term Ms avoids this, which, like Mr, does not denote marital status.


This paper focuses on the bounded tracking control of general linear multi-agent systems(MASs), considering the effects of inevitable communication time-delays, measurement noises, and uncertain disturbances in practical applications. Firstly, the bounded tracking control problem of uncertain MASs under multiplicative noises is transformed into the boundedness problem of stochastic differential delay equations. Then, the upper bound of agent tracking is calculated by means of linear variation, variation of constants formula and stochastic analysis theory, and sufficient conditions are given for the system to achieve the bounded tracking control.


Introduction: Organizational culture and knowledge management will affect all aspects of the organization. Successful knowledge management is required to improve of organizational culture. In fact the organizational culture is the base of knowledge management. The context of appropriate organizational culture provides more effective application of knowledge or knowledge management and case the promotion and development of organization. So in this study investigated between two components of organizational culture and knowledge. Methods: Organizational culture and knowledge management were evaluated by pre-approved questionnaire. This study was examined on all faculty members of Research Centers Affiliate to University of Medical Sciences. After using Smirnoph Colomogroph test to determine data normality, Descriptive and analytical statistics was performed by SPSS software (version 21). Results: Current situation review of organizational culture and knowledge management of considrered centers were assessed as average (range, 3 to 4). Pearson correlation coefficient results was also showed a significant correlation between organizational culture and knowledge management (P= 0.926). Organizational collaboration and knowledge management relationship was not significant (P <0.001); also a significant relationship was found between organizational involvement, adaptability, consistency and Mission with Knowledge management (P <0.001). Conclusion: In order to achieve the goals of proper management of knowledge in promoting organizational culture in research centers it is essential to provide the necessary training and skills because there was a direct link between knowledge management and organizational culture.


Asapplied togenomic sequence, spectral analysis isthe application ofFourier transforms tobinary indicator sequences derivedfromDNA sequence. After conversion toacolor representation, thecomposition and harmonic properties ofasequence canbevisualized. In previous work, these spectra havebeenusedtoidentify sequence periodicities ranging fromsmall toverylarge, bothknownandnovel. Spectral analysis also stretches thedefinition ofasequence repeat byidentifying shared periodicities between sequences independent ofactual nucleotide composition. Here,we reportthe implementation ofclustering andrendering ofspectra as video toimprove unsupervised spectral analysis.


A new report on the provision of epilepsy services in England has been published by Epilepsy Action (2009) exposing significant deficits in the diagnosis, management and treatment of people with epilepsy. The report surveyed all acute trusts and primary care trusts (PCTs) in England and had a response rate of 54% from PCTs and 69% from acute trusts.


Parrots as Problems Parrots are colourful, vegetarian, playful and mimetic, so people find them attractive, easy to keep, companionable and entertaining. In popular consciousness, they are the most high-profile of birds, commonly featured in advertisements that seek to assert the tropical authenticity of a product, and often humourised in cartoon form to assure the conviviality of and complicity in the experience the product offers. It is all the more curious, then, that scientifically parrots remain so little known. The truth is, however, that for all their colour and noise, parrots are highly cryptic (being mostly green) and capable of long periods of silence, feeding invisibly in the high crowns of trees, and when they fly it is often with such speed or over such distances as to prohibit further observation. These factors discourage rigorous study to obtain quantitative data; so we have many major gaps in our understanding of the ecology and biology of the family in general and almost all of its individual members. The majority of the world's 330- odd parrot species are indeed found in tropical regions, and most of this majority are tropical forest dwellers, the lowlands being especially rich in species. Although dispersed widely through the Pacific Ocean and Old World in general, the parrots reach their maximum diversity in South America, Southeast Asia and Australia. ICBP's preliminary checklist of the threatened birds of the world, Birds to watch ( 1988), treated no fewer than 71 parrot species (21. 5 % of the family) as at risk of extinction, and listed a further 29 as nearthreatened (birds in this second category were either genuine borderline cases or species considered most vulnerable to future decline). Hence no fewer than 100 (30% of the family's total 330 species) were identified as giving cause for concern or worse. Threatened species lists are always subject to change, and that in Birds to Watch was intended for regular update. Subsequent information has led to some adjustments, involving the deletion of Yellow-sided Parakeet Pyrrbura bypoxantba (an invalid species), the relegation of Yellowfaced Amazon Amazona xantbops to near-threatened status, the promotion from near-threatened status of Whiteh eaded Amazon Amazona leucocepbala, and the addition of El Oro Parakeet Pyrrhura orcesi, Fuertes' Hapalopsittaca fuertesi and Fireeyed Parrots H. pyrrbops, Bluecheeked Amazona dufresniana and Alder Amazons A. tucumana. Currently, therefore, ICBP considers 42 neotropical parrot species at risk. All but one of these species are distributed within six general areas, as follows. Central America (Mexico) holds four (Thick-billed Parrot Rbyncbopsitta pacbyrbyncba, Maroon-fronted Parrot R. terrisi, Red-crowned Amazon Amazona viridigenalis and Socorro Conure Aratinga brevipes); the Caribbean holds seven (Cuban Conure Aratinga eu op s, White-headed Amazon Amazona leucocepbata, Puerto Rican Amazon A. uittata, St. Lucia Amazon A. versicolor, Red-necked Amazon A. arausiaca, St. Vincent Amazon A. guildingii, Imperial Amazon A. imperialis); the lowland forests of northern South America hold four (Golden Conure Guaruba guarouba, Pearly Parakeet Pyrrbura p ert ata, Blue-cheeked Amazon Amazona dufresniana, Yellowshouldered Amazon A. barbadensis); the Andes of northwestern South America hold 11 (Golden-plumed  Conure Leptosittaca branickii, Yellow-eared Conure Ognorhyncbus icterotis, El Oro Parakeet Pyrrhura orcesi, White-necked Parakeet P albipectus, Flame-winged Parakeet P. calltptera, Rufous-fronted Parakeet Bolborhyncbus ferrugineifrons, Grey-cheeked Parakeet Brotogeris pyrrbopterus, Spot-winged Parrotlet Touit stictoptera, Rusty-faced Parrot Ha p al o p s i t t a c a amazonina, Fuertes' Parrot H. fuertesi, Fire-eyed Parrot H. pyrrbops, on its own in the Andean foothills of Argentina is Alder Amazon Amazona tucumana); the interior savanna lowlands hold six (Hyacinth Macaw Anodorbyncbus hyacinthinus, Glaucous Macaw A. glaucus, Indigo Macaw A. leari, Little Blue Macaw Cyanopsitta spixii, Blue-throated Macaw Ara glaucogularis, Red-fronted Macaw A. rubrogenys); and the Atlantic forest region of Brazil (sometimes with adjacent areas of Paraguay and Argentina) holds nine (Golden-capped Conure Aratinga auricapilla, Blue-chested Parakeet Pyrrhura cruentata, Brownbacked Parrotlet Touit melanonota, Golden-tailed Parrotlet T. surda, Red-spectacled Amazon Amazona pretrei, Red-tailed Amazon A. brasili ens is, Red-browed Amazon A. rbodocorytba, Vinaceous Amazon A. vinacea, Purple-bellied Parrot Triclaria malacbitacea). The areas in question are massive, and sympatric occurrence of species within them is commonly lacking. Nevertheless, it is obviously important to look for areas of overlap between threatened species in order to identify the optimal areas in which to seek to establish or reinforce reserves. Many of the species certainly occur in existing protected areas, but for most it is not known if the populations there possess genetic viability or if their requirements can be met throughout their life-cycle. Indeed, detailed information on the distribution and natural history of most species is very poor and in some cases almost completely lacking. This renders the task of determining priorities for particular areas very problematic and, although an essential measure, such priorities should always be framed so as to reflect their provisional nature.


Persistent deciduous dentition and lack of permanent tooth buds constitute a serious problem in the population of young patients on the threshold of personal and professional life. This study presents the case of a patient aged 24, who incurred an injury of the upper lip and both central incisors in the maxilla, including a persistent deciduous one without a permanent tooth bud. in the description of the above mentioned case, the authors wish to draw attention to a frequent necessity for simultaneous implementation of resective – regenerative surgical treatment and application of modern operative techniques (Dent. Med. Probl. 2012, 49, 4, 600–606).


Localization constitutes one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks. In the localization method based on anchor node assistance, the motion path of anchor node exerts huge influence on location performance. With the motion path of anchor node pre-determined, the static path planning fails to make full use of the real-time information during the localization, due to which it can not be applied to the area with unknown deployment and abnormal topology. Resorting to artificial potential field theory, this paper raises a three-dimensional dynamic path planning algorithm of mobile anchor node based on virtual force (3D-VFDPP). By the virtue of real-time calculation of the magnitude of virtual force exerted upon anchor nodes by unknown ones in different areas, this algorithm offers online decision of motion direction to instruct the motion of anchor node. The simulation results show that compared with the typical static planning method, it enjoys a far better effectiveness and universality.


An historical review of the development and rejection of Freud's seduction theory is presented. Questions are raised regarding the relationship of self-analysis to Freud's repudiation.


Because stress represents a major precipitating event for psychiatric disorders, it is important to identify molecular mechanisms that may be altered in vulnerable individuals when exposed to stress. Here, we studied GluR‐A−/− mice, animals with compromised AMPA receptor signaling, and characterized by a schizophrenic as well as depressive phenotype to investigate changes occurring in response to an acute stress. Wild‐type and GluR‐A−/− mice were exposed to a single immobilization stress and sacrificed immediately after the end of the stress for the analysis of activity regulated genes and of glutamatergic synapse responsiveness. The acute stress produced a marked increase in the hippocampal expression of Arc (activity‐regulated cytoskeletal‐associated protein) in GluR‐A−/−, but not in wild‐type mice, which was associated with a similar increase of phospho‐CaMKII, a partner in the action of Arc. When looking at the glutamatergic response to stress in wild‐type animals, we found that stress increased GluR‐A phosphorylation on serine831, an effect that was paralleled by a significant increase of the phosphorylation of the main NMDA receptor subunits, that is, NR‐1 and NR‐2B. Conversely, the stress‐induced modulation of NMDA receptor subunits was not observed in GluR‐A−/− mice. We suggest that enhanced stress responsiveness in GluR‐A−/− mice may be due, at least in part, to their inability to activate NMDA‐mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission, suggesting that the integrity of AMPA/NMDA receptor function may be important for successful coping under stressful conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The present invention relates to the synthetic method of a kind of 25 hydroxyl 7 dehydrocholesterols.It is with 25 hydroxyl 7 ketone group cholesterol derivatives as raw material, under sulfohydrazide and alkali effect, under organic solvent-free, and mechanical ball milling reaction in ball grinder, then obtain 25 hydroxyl 7 dehydrocholesterols through hydrolysis.The present invention, under condition of no solvent, uses mechanical ball milling reaction, and its attrition process is without there being flour dust overflow, and reaction controllability is good, and reaction efficiency is high, and avoids in post processing the reclaimer operation to solvent, simplifies operation, reduces environmental pollution, environmental protection;And good reaction selectivity, yield is high, easy and simple to handle, low cost, and post processing is simple, and the three wastes are few, and product is easily separated and purity is high, and its yield is up to 89%, and melting range is short, and product purity is high.


Two hundred complete carbonized rice grains from Yagongshan ruins were restored by calculation and compared with O.rufipogon,other ancient rice,indica and japonica in grain shape,character difference and Euclidean distance coefficient.The result indicates that the general characters of Yagong Mountain ancient rice differ from common wild rice and early original ancient cultivated rice,which are similar to japonica type of cultivated rice.The group average of character difference is japonica,which has the evolution of tendency to japonica type rice.In the process of evolution,its direction of evolution enlarges and its property having tendency to japonica type with bigger and heavier grains.These characters are similar to the ancient rice in Chengtoushan(6000years ago)and Houdatang(4000years ago),however,differing from,widely cultivated,indica type rice in present Lingnan areas.


This chapter reviews rudimentary concepts concerning relations and their special cases called functions. These concepts underlie most formal models introduced in Part II of this book.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of capital structure, growth and profitability (ROE) to corporate value. Samples were companies listed on the Stock Exchange the period 2012-2014 with 37 companies by using purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS.
 The results of this study prove partially that the company's growth and profitability and significant positive effect on firm value, while the capital structure significantly negative effect on firm value. Simultaneously prove that the capital structure, the company's growth, profitability and significant effect on the value of the company with a significant level of 0.000> 0.05. Value Adjusted R Square shows the results for 0498, which means 49.8% are influenced by the value of the company's capital structure, the company's growth and profitability. While the remaining 50.2% is influenced by other variables outside the study.

Keywords: Capital Structure, The Company's Growth, Profitability, And Value Of The Compan


The paper introduces a novel approach for the kinematic coordination of mechanical robot micro-grippers on the basis of neural networks. Conventional robot systems use specialized grippers for specific tasks. For objects with an amorphous structure, variable shape or small dimensions, conventional grippers become unreliable due to several reasons. The present paper presents an approach on the basis of a tentacle shaped micro-gripper with a high number of links and rotational articulated joints. The proposed method for gripping an object is based on wrapping the manipulator's links around the object in order to establish a firm grip. Sensors located near the joints of the micro-manipulator detect the corresponding distances to the object. Since the multi-link manipulator has a high degree of kinematic redundancy (consider up to several hundred links in a chain), the implementation of an effective trajectory control unit is a challenging task, especially if sensor-based real-time coordination is required. In this paper, we use an optimized geometrical path generator in order to teach dynamic neural nets a certain motion behavior, dependent on distance sensor signals. We show that the neural net is able to learn the procedural knowledge for the gripping process with ability of generalization and discuss the results


The invention provides a short message service (SMS) hardware encryption transmission system based on chaos algorithm. The system realizes stream cipher encryption transmission and accurate reception of messages by utilizing good coverage area of the GSM network under the premise of not increasing the system complexity. The system comprises a mobile phone module unit, a mobile phone encryption module unit, a mobile phone decryption module unit, a serial port unit and a computer, wherein the mobile phone module unit is connected with the mobile phone encryption module unit and the mobile phone decryption module unit; the mobile phone encryption module unit and the mobile phone decryption module unit are connected with the serial port unit; and the serial port unit is connected with the computer. The improved algorithm of the invention, based on the chaos algorithm and the A5/1 algorithm of the traditional cipher system, takes the FPGA chip as the encrypted kernel to encrypt the edited text data, adopts the sim300 wireless transmission module of the simulation mobile phone to receive and transmit SMS, improves the security in the distance and the process of data transmission of wireless communication and ensuring the integrity and reliability of wireless communication.


Decreased serum testosterone has been reported in old male rats, but in vivo studies have shown decreased gonadotropin levels and normal testis response to 120 min or more of gonadotropin stimulation, leaving doubt as to whether an aging defect exists in the Leydig cell per se. We compared the function of Leydig cells from old Wistar rats (22-25 months) with cells from mature rats (6-9 months) in vitro. The cells from old rats showed a 77% diminution in testosterone secretory response to hCG after incubation with various concentrations of hCG for 120 min. Cells from old animals reached a maximum response at a hCG concentration of 0.2 ng⁄ml, and cells from mature rats reached a maximum response at a hCG concentration of 0.5 ng⁄ml. Testosterone secretory response to 0.2 and 0.5 ng/ml hCG was also diminished in the old animals after incubations ranging from 60-180 min Leydig cells from old rats had 27% fewer gonadotropin receptors than mature rats (P < 0.001); however, total intracellular cAMP and protein-bo...


Submitted for the MAR16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Ultrasmall Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS) and Wide Angle Xray Scattering (WAXS) Studies on the Complex Metal Hydride NaAlH4 TABBETHA DOBBINS, CHRISTOPHER BENNETT1, JAMES TORRES, Rowan University, Dept. of Physics Astronomy, JAN ILAVSKY, Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source — This research seeks to understand the role of ScCl , ZrCl , and VCl catalysts in NaAlH. We have examined these hydrides at multiple length scales using an X-ray scattering instrument which is capable of measuring scattering wave vector, Q, of 0.0001Å to 6.0 Å . The ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) instrument sector 9ID-D of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) simultaneously collects using USAXS, SAXS, and WAXS detectors. Studies were performed during in-situ heating up to 170C (just below the H desorption temperature for uncatalyzed NaAlH ). Results showed that NaAlH has a surface fractal (highly porous) morphology. Isothermal studies performed at 30C, 65C, 100C, 135C, and 170C reveals changes at low Q (Q ̃0.001 Å to 0.01 Å ) associated with highly interconnected intraparticle porosity which is suitably described by a power-law slope for a Gaussian polymer chain structure of p ̃2. At high scattering wave vector, Q ̃0.03 Å , the presence of a pore population which obeys Porod scattering and appears to have a size at 21nm is present. These fine pores increase in their population density as temperature is elevated. The WAXS data reveals thermal expansion to occur, but no solid state phase transformation to the product phase. 1currently at NASA-Goddard Tabbetha Dobbins Rowan University, Dept. of Physics Astronomy Date submitted: 06 Nov 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


Technology plays a significant role in our daily lives; no doubt, it has made our lives very easy with its unlimited advantages. Cell Phone is one of such device that has made our life so easy that we cannot even think of a world without it. This electronic device has multiple uses and functions. It has become an important part and parcel of our life. Without cell phones we usually feel incomplete. Trendy and stylish cell phones have become a part of fashion now days. But this very device emits electromagnetic radiation which is the emerging health concern of the 21st century. There is too great a risk that the ever increasing RF-based communications technologies represent a real danger to humans, especially because of their exponential, ongoing and unchecked growth. Every aspect of electrohypersensitive peoples' lives, including the ability to work productively in society, have healthy relations and find safe, permanent housing, is at stake. The DNA in living cells recognizes electromagnetic fields at very low levels of exposure; and produces a biochemical stress response. The scientific evidence tells us that our safety standards are inadequate, and that we must protect ourselves from exposure to EMF due to power lines, cell phones and the risk of many more known/unknown consequences. The issue of electromagnetic health hazards should be addressed seriously and appropriate measures to be taken while there is still time. In this paper, I tried to focus on the salient aspects of health hazards and intend to grow awareness amongst the common mass in the days to come.


FIELD: transportation. SUBSTANCE: fly-over network for passenger vehicle/non-vehicle displacement of citizens includes a set of highways and junctions for the traffic of vehicles comprising moving traffic lanes for wheeled vehicles, pedestrian paths. The fly-overs have a contact network consisting of current-carrying and current-conducting contact conductors placed in non-conductive materials and located at the top at a gutter height safe for a human. The electric vehicle for the fly-over network is equipped with apparatus, devices and units for controlling, monitoring traffic and conditions, providing comfort, convenience, safety devices for a driver and passengers, has three or more wheels and a front-wheel and/or a rear-wheel drive. The electric vehicle is equipped with electric motors receiving power from the current leads of the contact fly-over network by means of a contact assembly which allows the electric vehicle to outmarch the other electric vehicle on the same traffic line, which is ensured by the presence of contact assemblies with reliably isolated current collectors pushed up to a height which does not allow passengers to reach them. At least one current-carrying ring is mounted at the contact assembly, which has protective guiding rails made of non-conductive material, retainer guide wheels can be fixed providing a strictly defined mutual arrangement of contacts and conductors. The terminal parts of the contact assembly are made on the principle of sliding or rolling contact along the fly-over conductor and can be made removable. EFFECT: efficiency of the transport network is improved. 2 cl, 12 dwg


This paper obtains some sufficient conditions on the non-existence of the closed orbits for several kinds of the nonlinear differential systems.The results can be applied to the following differential equations ■+f_1(x)■+f_2(x)■~2+g(x)=0, ■+f(x,■)■+g(x)=0.


Summary Several studies have demonstrated sex differences in risk of thromboembolism and death among patients with atrial fibrillation, but it is unclear to what extent these associations relate to actual physiological differences. To date, no study has investigated sex differences with concomitant control for lifestyle related factors known to influence stroke risk. We used data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study, including 57,053 participants (52% female) aged 50–64 years. The study population for this study included the 2,895 patients (36% female) with incident atrial fibrillation after inclusion. Data were linked to outcomes identified using nationwide registries. Risk of thromboembolism and death according to female sex were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models. After a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 137 men and 62 women suffered a thromboembolic event, and 349 men and 151 women died. In a crude analysis, female sex was associated with a non-significant lower risk of thromboembolism (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–1.11). Adjustment for differences in antithrombotic therapy, relevant comorbidities and lifestyle did not change this association (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.55–1.13). In the final model, female sex was associated with a lower risk of death (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.84). The associations were similar in a sensitivity analysis of women not taking hormone replacement therapy, and the effect of hormone replacement therapy use within females was non-significant for both endpoints of thromboembolism and death. In conclusion, in a relatively young population of patients with atrial fibrillation, female sex was associated with a lower risk of thromboembolism and death.


This paper presents the results of a study on Altimetry Systems For Autonomous Landing and Take Off (ASFALTO) that has been performed in the framework of the technology studies for the Italian government research program PRORA-UAV owned by the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA) and the research consortium CoRiSTA. ASFALTO is a joint project on the integration of advanced altimeters onboard Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to be used as vertical navigation sensors for autonomous take off and landing on runways that are not equipped with navigation aids. In order to demonstrate in flight the developed navigation and automatic flight control techniques, CIRA has build a small UAV that is called Flight Small Scale Demonstrator (FSSD). Landing is a very demanding phase in terms of vertical navigation for both manned and unmanned aircrafts. Indeed, the standalone GPS civil service is not capable to guarantee these performances. As a consequence, more accurate altimeters are investigated to be adopted onboard. All these sensors need to meet power and mass requirements for a small UAV. First of all, a laser and a radar altimeter model have been selected to be installed on the aircraft. The main difference between these instruments is that radar footprint dimension is larger than laser one. They have been chosen following requirements for the installation onboard FSSD. Subsequently, well-suited altimetry determination techniques have been investigated and an error budget analysis has been performed to determine the expected accuracy level. This analysis accounted for range, attitude, and mounting errors influence on altitude measurement. Finally, a specific sensor fusion algorithm has been developed in order to obtain the best state estimation taking advantage of measurements from standard navigation sensors such as GPS and inertial sensors. The developed altimetry techniques have been tested in flight. Flight test results are also reported


Fe-Mn-Al-C steel, which is a potential lightweight material for automobiles, has a variety of microstructures and good mechanical properties. The effect of κ carbides on the mechanical properties and strain hardening rate of Fe-27Mn-10Al-1C (wt.%) low density steel was studied by short-time heat treatment to control the precipitation behavior of κ carbides. Quenched specimens have an excellent combination of strength and plasticity and continuous high strain hardening rate, which is due to the uniform distribution of κ carbides with an average size of 1.6 nm in an austenite matrix. The fracture mode of the sample changed from ductile fracture to cleavage fracture, which was because the aging treatment promoted the precipitation of B2 phases and κ carbides at grain boundaries. The size and volume fraction of nanoscale κ carbides in austenite grains increase with the increase of aging temperature, and the yield strength increases but the density of slip bands decreases, resulting in the gradual decrease of strain hardening rate.


Nickel-phosphorus deposits with various phosphorus contents and internal stresses were electroplated from a nickel sulfamate bath without an additive by varying the duty cycle and frequency of the pulse current. A reduction in the duty cycle increased the phosphorus content and decreased the internal tensile stresses in the deposit. At a 0.1 duty cycle, a deposit with slightly compressive internal stress was produced. A deposit with a thickness of several hundred micrometers was plated at 0.1 duty cycle on a copper plate with good adhesion. Because the waveform parameters of the pulse current strongly affects the current efficiency and the microstructure of the deposit, the internal stress of the deposit as a function of the current efficiency, phosphorus content, and grain size was measured and discussed.


Once we understand the Geulincx and his interpretation of the of Descartes, it is evident that, although Beckett plays also with the system of Descartes, the Geulincx system is much nearer the image of thinking as presents it and that so the chiaro oscuro of playing with knowledge and ignorance in Beckett's art becomes much more clear.


There has long been an interest in the exploitation of novel magnetic behaviour for practical applications such as magnetic storage devices. Some of the most interesting dynamical behaviour occurs when a material contains both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) characteristics. Many such systems have forgone study due to practical difficulties of experimental observation of antiferromagnetic order. In this work several systems of current interest which contain both AF and FM order are studied. These materials and systems are used, or are candidates for, technological applications, especially magnetic storage devices. The forefront in this area is concerned with laser induce magnetisation reversal and there are many unexplained phenomena, especially in ferrimagnetic and metamagnetic materials. A combination of analytical and large scale numerical calculations are used, often with comparison to experimental data where available. The approach used is generally based around so-called atomistic spin dynamics, where the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, augmented with a Langevin term, is solved for each atomic moment. This allows the description of magnetic materials at elevated temperatures and through phase transitions. Semi-analytic formalisms are studied, comparing with atomistic spin dynamics and micromagnetics, to inform multiscale modelling techniques. The excitation of a localised mode an antiferromagnetic layer which is coupled to a ferro- magnetic layer is studied. It is shown that this excitation leads to an enhanced damping of the ferromagnet, an important consideration for the design and optimisation of spin valves. The metamagnet FeRh which undergoes an antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition is also investigated. There is much debate about the origin of the phase transition and a model is constructed in this work which demonstrates that an all magnetic origin is possible if effective four spin exchange terms are considered. This model is also capable of explaining the observed dynamics in femtosecond laser heating experiments. Finally, the spin wave dynamics of the prototypical amorphous ferrimagnet GdFeCo are considered. The thermally induced switching which has been discovered in this material is explained as the excitation of a two-magnon state.


The invention relates to a method for stripping (stripping) of ammonia and carbon dioxide from a slurried solids-containing fermentation substrate (GS) and / or a solids-containing fermentation residue (GR) with a predetermined dry matter content (ATS), characterized by a mechanical Zwangsvermahlung the slurried solids-containing fermentation substrate ( GS) and / or the solids-containing fermentation residue (GR) within a Strippbehalters (100) for forcibly mechanical digestion of the solids of the slurried solids-containing fermentation substrate (GS) and / or the slurried solids-containing fermentation residue (GR), wherein in addition to the active degassing ammonia and carbon dioxide, the bound inactive ammonia and carbon dioxide are activated by the mechanical Zwangsvermahlung and expelled.


To adapt the miniaturized development tendency of nanometer positioning devices, a new type of two-dimensional micro-displacement stage which can implement nanometer-level ultra-precision positioning without feedback control is designed. The designed micro-displacement stage takes a group of piezoelectric ceramic actuators (PZTAs) connected in series as actuator unit, takes flexure plates as elastic guide rail. To overcome the non-linearity and the hysteresis of PZTAs, binary actuation principle is adopted to control a group of binary actuators that work together to output many discrete, repeatable displacements. If these displacements are distributed within a scope of a few microns, only simple on and off actuator commands may be used to obtain nanometer-level repeatable positioning without feedback control. Theoretical design and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to design the new type flexure plate and the whole stage. The expressions of rigidity, force and displacement are obtained by theoretical calculation. Finite element analysis verified the rationality and the feasibility of the stage.


THE AVERAGE otolaryngologist is frequently and justifiably at a loss to choose the appropriate radiographic examination for his laryngeal patient. The laryngologist (as well as the radiologist) wants an examination that will provide maximum information, patient safety, and utility of administration. Because there are several types of study available, a careful reassessment of the technique appears to be justified. Methods of radiographic evaluation of laryngeal carcinoma include plain x-ray films of the neck in all projections, tomography, cinefluorography, positive contrast laryngography, and high kilovolt (peak) (kvp) laryngography. Each of these methods has certain advantages and disadvantages. Plain x-ray films have the distinct advantage of being easy to obtain, relatively inexpensive, but uniformly they yield little information. Tomography yields a fair amount of information regarding the laryngeal structures, but exposes the patient to a large amount of radiation. This is particularly true if one has the patient perform the various maneuvers


Background:  Studies investigating the effect of rods on unique hue loci in the peripheral retina generally obtain measures at two time points associated with the dark adaptation function – the cone plateau and the rod plateau. In comparison, this study used a color‐naming procedure to identify the loci of unique green and unique yellow as a function of time associated with the entire dark adaptation function. The unique hue loci derived by this procedure were then compared to those obtained directly with a staircase procedure.


A 27-year-old female patient was admitted with a complaint of cough and dyspnea, and was found to have a mediastinal mass lesion and tracheal stenosis on computed tomography. Other system examinations were usual. The transbronchial biopsy result was benign cytology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no compression or invasion into vascular structures. The lesion was noted to be hypermetabolic in positron emission tomography (PRT) imaging. No benign or malignant differentiation could be based on the imaging findings. Due to a tracheal stricture, the patient underwent video-assisted mediastinoscopy for diagnosis and for the determination of a treatment approach. The procedure was successfully terminated upon the arrival of a frozen biopsy result with noncaseified fibrosing mediastinitis. The case is presented as a rare non-tumoral mediastinal disease that mimics malignancy and that was difficult to diagnose based on imaging findings.


The educational theory of the whole language teaching has its solid theoretical foundation and corresponds with many views of the current school education reform. The specific practice of the whole language teaching theory is an important index to verify the language teaching and an important trend in the education reform process that cannot be ignored. The theory and practice of the whole language teaching is the philosophy of education that takes the four aspects of language,learning,curriculum,and teaching into account again. Therefore,the understanding of whole language teaching is very important.


The electrical properties of xCaO-(20 - x)BaO-20Fe 2 O 3 -60P 2 O 5 glasses with x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% have been studied in the frequency range 400 Hz-200 kHz and over a temperature range 323-593 K. The ac conductivity as a function of temperature was divided into two domains, one where the absolute magnitude of the ac conductivity was close to the dc conductivity and another where it was larger than the dc conductivity. At the same temperature, the dc conductivity varied only slightly in glasses with different CaO and BaO content. It is concluded that the conductivity in these mixed CaO and BaO iron phosphate glasses is electronic and depends upon the Fe 2+ /(Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ ) ratio. In the high-temperature region above θ D /2 (where θ D is the Debye temperature) the Mott model of small polaron hopping (SPH) between nearest neighbours is consistent with the conductivity data, while at low temperature (below θ D ) the Greaves intermediate variable-range hopping (VRH) model is found to be appropriate. The electrical conduction of the glasses is confirmed to be non-adiabatic SPH. Mossbauer spectral analysis indicates the presence of both Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions.


Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) has been demonstrated to be a suitable additive for modifying the properties of asphalt. EAA mixed with metal hydroxides/oxides form EAA-M ionomers, which increase the polarity of EAA, improving its adhesive properties and affecting its mechanical and rheological characteristics. The present work investigates the mechanical and rheological characteristics of asphalt modified by EAA in conjunction with either Ca (OH)2, NaOH, or ZnO. The high-temperature properties of the modified asphalts, including the softening point, and needle penetration, were evaluated. Rheological characteristics of modified asphalts were investigated by rotary rheometer. Moreover, the storage stability at high temperature, morphology and chemical structure were also analyzed. Results indicate that a 4wt% EAA-M ionomer concentration in the base asphalt is adequate for providing the enhanced properties studied. For an equivalent concentration of EAA, the properties of modified asphalts were affected by very small additions of the metal hydroxides/oxides. The best overall mechanical and rheological performance was obtained for EAA-Ca modified asphalt with 4wt% EAA and 2.5wt‰ Ca (OH)2. EAA-Zn modified asphalt provided the most stable high-temperature storage. Compared with 6wt% pure EAA-modified asphalt, which is not stable, the EAA-Zn modified asphalt (2.7wt‰ ZnO) demonstrated reasonable high-temperature storage stability. Compared with asphalt modified with 6wt% pure EAA, the softening point increased from 55.81 °C to 58.05 °C with the addition of 2.7wt‰ NaOH. However, while the mechanical and rheological properties of EAA-Na modified asphalt were very good, its high-temperature storage stability due to the strong reactivity of NaOH, which led to the crosslinking of EAA-Na ionomers, making it difficult to disperse.


In Kalman Folding 5: Non-Linear Models and the EKF, we present an Extended Kalman Filter as a fold over a lazy stream of observations that uses a nested fold over a lazy stream of states to integrate non-linear equations of motion. In Kalman Folding 4: Streams and Observables, we present a handful of stream operators, just enough to demonstrate Kalman folding over observables. In this paper, we enrich the collection of operators, adding takeUntil, last, and map. We then show how to use them to integrate differential equations in state-space form in two different ways and to generate test cases for the non-linear EKF from paper 5.


The U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center has assumed a leadership role in the development of coal-burning diesel engines. The motivation for this work is obvious when one considers the magnitude of the domestic reserves of coal and the wide-spread use of diesel engines. The work reported in this paper represents the preliminary engine experiments leading to the development of a coal-burning, medium-speed diesel engine. The basis of this development effort is a two-stroke, 900 rpm, 216-mm (8.5-inch) bore engine manufactured by Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation. The engine, in a minimally modified form, has been operated for several hours on a slurry of 50 percent (by mass) coal in water. Engine operation was achieved in this configuration using a pilot injection of diesel fuel to ignite the main charge of slurry. A standard unit injector, slightly modified by increasing diametrical clearances in the injector pump and nozzle tip, was used to inject the slurry. Under the engine operating conditions evaluated, the combustion efficiency of the coal and the NO/sub x/ emissions were lower than, and the particulate emissions were higher than, corresponding diesel fuel results. These initial results, achieved without optimizing the system on the coalmore » slurry, demonstrate the potential for utilizing coal slurry fuels.« less


This paper describes an educational analysis of a First Year University chemistry practical called 'Thermodynamics Think-In'. The analysis follows the formalism of the Advancing Chemistry by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory (ACELL) project, which includes a statement of education objectives, and an analysis of the student learning experience. The practical consists of a suite of ten well-known, short experiments on the general theme of 'thermodynamics in chemical change'. Pairs of students undertake a specified and graded set of five of these experiments. All experiments require careful observation by both students, followed by discussion between them until a common, mutually-agreed explanation for their observations can be formulated. The pair then discusses their explanation with a demonstrator, who may challenge it, point out flaws, or provide new information. Student surveys were conducted using the ACELL Student Learning Experience instrument. Analysis of the data shows that students enjoy working on the practical, and report it to be a beneficial learning experience that effectively develops their understanding of thermodynamic principles. The practical also fosters significant interest, and through a process of collaboration and cooperation aids the students in further developing their generic thinking skills. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2007, 8 (2), 255-273.]


To address the difficulty of obtaining the optimal driving strategy under the condition of a complex environment and changeable tasks of vehicle autonomous driving, this paper proposes an end-to-end autonomous driving strategy learning method based on deep reinforcement learning. The ideas of target attraction and obstacle rejection of the artificial potential field method are introduced into the distributed proximal policy optimization algorithm, and the APF-DPPO learning model is established. To solve the range repulsion problem of the artificial potential field method, which affects the optimal driving strategy, this paper proposes a directional penalty function method that combines collision penalty and yaw penalty to convert the range penalty of obstacles into a single directional penalty, and establishes the vehicle motion collision model. Finally, the APF-DPPO learning model is selected to train the driving strategy for the virtual vehicle, and the transfer learning method is selected to verify the comparison experiment. The simulation results show that the completion rate of the virtual vehicle in the obstacle environment that generates penalty feedback is as high as 96.3%, which is 3.8% higher than the completion rate in the environment that does not generate penalty feedback. Under different reward functions, the method in this paper obtains the highest cumulative reward value within 500 s, which improves 69 points compared with the reward function method based on the artificial potential field method, and has higher adaptability and robustness in different environments. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the efficiency of autonomous driving strategy learning and control the virtual vehicle for autonomous driving behavior decisions, and provide reliable theoretical and technical support for real vehicles in autonomous driving decision-making.


In order to improve the clarity of angiogram images and the precision of diagnosis,hybrid filters are used to process the images. The original image is first processed with the average filter and the Laplacian operator,then the obtained image is further processed with the histogram equalization method. Experimental result shows that the phenomenon of blur disappeared on the final image and the angiogram reflected the fact more effectively.


The abundance of lithium relative to vanadium, or its upper limit, has been determined for forty-six normal stars of spectral types from G8 to MO, inclusive. These results are based upon high-dispersion spectrograms obtained with the coude spectrograph of the Hooker telescope. The abundance ratio for the sun has also been determined, using the equivalent width for lithium measured by Greenstein and Richardson and measurements of vanadiumm lines in the Utrecht Atlas.

Values have also been obtained of quantities related to the physical conditions in the stellar atmoshperes.

A range of up to a factor of one hundred in the abundance ratio is found among stars of similar surface characteristics. However, the maximum abundance ratio observed among similar stars declines with surface temperature.

It is not likely that a significant part of the variation is due to vanadium abundance.

Greenstein and Richardson have proposed that the lithuim in the solar surface has been depleted by convective mixing to hotter regions. It is suggested that this hypothesis may explain both the trend and the variations observed in the cooler stars.


The paper presents the results of the study of some agrobiological properties of the Semijon variety in the conditions of the Oplenac vineyards. The vineyard was built in 2014 and is in the phase of growing yield. The planting distance is 2.5 x1.0 m. During the examination period, favorable meteorological conditions prevailed for the growth and development of the Semion variety.The test results indicate that in the Oplenac vineyards there are favorable agroecological conditions for growing the Semijon variety and achieving the characteristic quality of grapes and wine.


Title – Coping with capacity expansion: Go‐Goal Hydro's panache.Subject area – Operations management.Study level/applicability – This case study is intended for MBA, final year industrial engineering and 1st year PhD students, for use in graduate engineering, post graduate and executive level management programs. The case study illustrates operational and participative management control system in a matrix and flexible organization structure.Case overview – Satish Arora (CEO) and Praveen Arora (Director Finance), a husband and wife team, own and operate Go‐Goal Hydro Power Ltd (Go‐GoalHPL) as a small medium enterprise (SME). Go‐GoalHPL renovates hydro power generating machines up to 250 MW rating. Their current renovation/overhauling projects are located at different sites in India. Go‐GoalHPL has grown its business by pursuing new avenues that include execution of major renovation projects and construction of new projects on a turnkey basis. Go‐GoalHPL's management, despite their on‐going successes, are ...


The current paper presents information about the Bulgarian emigrants and their characteristics. The data provided from Bulgaria about its emigrants are very limited, but the current work is aiming to present the details in the best way possible, so we can have a look at the specific flows of the emigration. The width, the length, and the periods of travel are described taking into consideration the data presented by Bulgaria as a sending country and some of the preferred destination countries. The examined data provided diversification between the aims of the potential permanent and potential temporary emigrants. The aging population of Bulgaria led us to the conclusion that we should have a further research on the structure of the emigrants, their age, sex, and occupation. According to the statistics we examined, Bulgaria exports mainly to young people, participants in the labour market. Many of them are students or people with primary education. One other share of them is presented by people, working in the production sector and having routine functions. The paper reveals also the socio-economic and material status in the determination of migrating for the labour emigrants from Bulgaria.


Introduction: There was no official study on nutritional status of vegetarian children in Indonesia. Vegetarian children have risk of nutrient deficiency affecting their physical growth and mental development. The objective of this study was to investigate the difference between nutritional status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian children. Methods: Cross-sectional design with purposive sampling from vegetarian and non-vegetarian children under-five in Jakarta, February to March 2008. There were 148 samples collected (75 vegetarians and 73 non-vegetarians). Data collected include children and mothers characteristics, weight, length / height. A 24-hour food recall was used for dietary intake. Weight-for-Age (WAZ), Height-for-Age (HAZ), Weight-for-Height (WHZ) and BMI-for-Age (BAZ) were used for nutritional status. Results: 5.3% of vegetarian and 12.3% of non-vegetarian children under-five were obese, 13.3% of vegetarian and 8.2% of non-vegetarian were overweight, 25.3% of vegetarian and 21.9% of non-vegetarian were at risk of overweight, 56% of vegetarian and 57.5% of non-vegetarian were normal. There was no significant relationship between diet (vegetarian, non-vegetarian) and nutritional status (BAZ). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in nutritional status (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, BAZ) between vegetarian and non-vegetarian children under-