1. Means for cleansing the skin, containing! - from 2 to 25% by weight of a cleansing filler having an average size of from 100 to 1000 microns and containing at least 50% of hydrogenated castor oil; ! - from 2 to 30% by weight of surfactants; ! - from 0.1 to 10% by weight of thickener; ! - water and optionally further auxiliaries. ! 2. Means for cleansing according to claim 1, characterized in that the castor oil is a fully or partially hydrogenated. ! 3. Means for cleansing according to claim 1, characterized in that said scraping fillers further comprise paraffin wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax or a mixture thereof having a melting point above 40 ° C. ! 4. Means for cleansing according to claim 2, characterized in that said scraping fillers further comprise paraffin wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax or a mixture thereof having a melting point above 40 ° C. ! 5. Means for cleansing according to claim 1, characterized in that said thickening agent is selected from bentonite, xanthan gum, acrylates, alginates, cellulose ethers, carrageenan and mixtures thereof. ! 6. Means for cleansing of at least one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more of the following components: - means for restoring the fat layer; ! - coloring agents; ! - flavoring agents; ! - titanium dioxide; ! - buffering agents; ! - preservatives; ! - liquid paraffins; ! - glycerol; ! - antioxidants; ! - abrasives. ! 7. Cleansing excipients for braids


In terms of cost and overall performance, the personal computer has considerably more to offer than the traditional 1750A modular automatic testing equipment (MATE) standard computer. The proof of concept was performed by replacing the 1750A MATE computer with a PC and running the tester's current repertoire of test program sets (TPSs) for a variety of test platforms including the ALCC (airborne launch control center), the B-1 DATSA, and other MATE platforms. The resulting PC-MATE system was fully MATE compliant. Additionally, a shop replaceable unit (SRU) TPS was rehosted from a non-MATE E-35 tester in less than 100 hours. Significant improvements were observed in production, development, and performance of the resulting TPS.<<ETX>>


Here we present new results and findings from an analogue modelling series using an extension gradient to simulate continental rifting in rotational settings. We study the effect of a pressuregradient driven, rift-axis parallel lower crustal flow on rift propagation. The dynamically scaled twolayer models represent a brittle upper and a ductile lower crust. To simulate different crustal setups, we use variable ductile/brittle ratios R DB , where increasing values indicate a hotter crust with the brittle-ductile transition at relatively shallower depth. An additional package of sand on one part of the model simulates tectonic loading to provoke a pressure-gradient driven lower crustal flow.


This is the first major review of Brazilian archaeology in book form in more than 20 years. Written by a French archaeologist who has been living and working in Brazil since the 1960s, Arqueologia Brasileira provides a highly readable and balanced overview of the field. It is useful as a general introduction for the beginner and as a basic source of information for students of the prehistory of Brazil and adjacent areas. The book's main benefit is that the author critically summarizes the massive amount of primary data, sometimes available only in hard-to-find publications or short-lived periodicals, generated since the 1950s in Brazil. The book's major weakness is related to its editorial history: it was written between 1979 and 1982 but published only in 1992. Consequently, recent developments (e.g., work from the 1980s in central and northeastern Brazil or in Amazonia, in ethnoarchaeology, or in alternative culture historical models) do not receive indepth coverage, although the author has tried to update the 1982 version for publication. The book is organized in three general parts. Part 1(105 pp.) works as an introductory textbook to the concepts and methods employed in Brazilian archaeology. It is comprised of five chapters: a brief history of research from the time of the pioneering work of Peter Lund, in the 1830s, until the late 1970s (chapter I); a discussion of the main types of archaeological sites found in Brazil (chapter II); a discourse on the interrelation of the environment and the economies of prehistoric societies in Brazil (chapter III); a discussion of the use of ethnographic analogy, experimentation and linguistic data in the study of the archaeological record and in the generation of hypotheses (chapter IV); a brief guide to typological and technological analysis of the most common kinds of artifacts found in Brazil, with a strong emphasis on lithic analysis (chapter V). Contemporary Brazilian archaeology is highly influenced by the works and teaching of Betty Meggers and the late Annette Laming-Emperaire. Starting in the 1950s, these foreign professionals were responsible for the training of a number of archaeologists through the development of large research projects where systematic field and lab procedures, at that time innovative in Brazil, were applied. The most important result of these innovations was the establishment of regional chronologies and the archaeological mapping of a fair amount of the national territory; indeed, it was this work that provided much of the database for the preparation of a book of this sort. Being himself one of those who was trained at that time, Dr. Prous attempts, in Part 1, to provide a balanced overview of the concepts and methods employed by the archaeologists of his generation. His discussion shows that there is still a need for problemoriented research projects with modern field and laboratory procedures in order to refine or falsify the hypotheses presented in the last 30 years or so.


A watercraft having a seat securely carried on the watercraft, the seat having a plastic seat frame and a plastic seat back frame. The seat frame and the seat back frame are joined via a hinged connection. The bottom of the seat frame has receptacles that easily engage with engagement elements mounted on the deck of the watercraft. The seat has mechanism to easily adjust the height of the front of the seat, the height of the rear of the seat, the recline angle, and the amount of lumbar support. The seat has four legs stored under the seat frame which can be plugged into the seat frame to turn the seat into a lawnchair.


The rising levels of global carbon emissions are accelerating climate change and global warming, with devastating effects on many communities. The tourism sector accounts for around eight per cent of carbon emissions (Lenzen, et al., 2018), with the hotel sector generating approximately 21 per cent of these emissions (Lee & Cheng, 2018). In addition, the hotel sector has been allied with adverse impacts on the environment through the depletion of natural resources. However, many hotels are striving to cut down their carbon footprint and level of environmental impact, which has led to the emergence of 'green' hotels. Research into the green hotel context is limited and consumer behaviour in this field has rarely been explored. Further, some issues remain scarcely investigated within the hotel sector, such as the effectiveness of interventions using pictorial elements employing positive and negative framing, and applicable content to gauge travellers' perceptions and intentions to stay at green hotels.
This thesis aims to fill the gap in literature positing the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a theoretical framework to provide a deeper understanding of travellers' behaviour towards staying at green hotels. This research employs the TPB full model using beliefs, attitudes, subjective injunctive and descriptive norms, perceived behavioural control and behavioural intention, and extends the theory by adding green hotel knowledge to the TPB framework. This research uses qualitative methods as a foundation for the quantitative study. In phase one, an elicitation study of three focus groups, using open-ended questionnaires, is employed to identify beliefs and any additional predictors that donate to the foundation of Australian travellers' purchasing decisions regarding staying at green hotels. Based on the qualitative results and a review of literature, the preliminary survey instrument was constructed. Subsequently, the preliminary survey instrument was pilot tested from a representative sample of Australian travellers.
In phase two, an online survey is deployed resulting in a total of 771 valid responses. Participants are assigned randomly to either neutral control conditions that received no intervention or two intervention groups. One of the randomly assigned groups received positively-framed images to evoke green hotels' environmental benefits; the other group received negatively-framed images that indicated environmental pollution. These interventions are designed to examine their effect on travellers' intentions to stay at a green hotel.
The results indicate that the TPB original constructs, except subjective descriptive norms, can positively affect travellers' willingness to stay at green hotels. Particularly, perceived behavioural control is the most significant predictor of travellers' intentions to stay at a green hotel. The findings of the research also reveal that green hotel knowledge may have a direct effect on travellers' willingness to stay at green hotels. Finally, the research has found that travellers' intentions can be significantly different depending on the message framing used to attract their attention.
This research makes several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, the original model of the theory-without extending the social norms into descriptive and injunctive is sufficient to explain travellers' intention/s to stay at a green hotel. The research also extends existing knowledge with regard to the reconceptualisation of the TPB model with the inclusion of an additional dimension of green hotel knowledge. Practically, since green hotel knowledge is a clear barrier to staying intentions, hoteliers may induce perceptions of useful knowledge about green practices implemented in their establishments, to enable travellers to make informed decisions in favour of green accommodation. In addition, results show the superiority of positive over negative messages to impact travellers' intentions to stay at green accommodation. Travellers might be driven to stay at a green hotel if positive green aspects were communicated through a knowledge-based approach in marketing material. Consequently, hotel managers can potentially improve their service development strategies and ultimately help promote their green marketing programs.


The paper presents the results of measurements of XPS valence band spectra of SiO2/MAPbI3 hybrid perovskites subjected to irradiation with visible light and annealing at an exposure of 0-1000 hours. It is found from XPS survey spectra that in both cases (irradiation and annealing) a decrease in the I:Pb ratio is observed with aging time, which unambiguously indicates PbI2 phase separation as a photo and thermal product of degradation. The comparison of the XPS valence band spectra of irradiated and annealed perovskites with density functional theory calculations of the MAPbI3 and PbI2 compounds have showed a systematic decrease in the contribution of I 5p-states and allowed us to determine the threshold for degradation, which is 500 hours for light irradiation and 200 hours for annealing.


Saliency detection is considered to be a key attention mechanism by enabling organisms to focus their limited perceptual and cognitive resources of available sensory data. In short, saliency detection is nothing but detecting the more attracted regions in an image. Salient region detection can be broadly classified into contrast based method, learning based and rarity based method. Salient region detection is a challenging problem and an important topic in computer vision. It has a wide range of applications, such as object recognition and segmentation. Many approaches have been proposed to detect salient regions using different visual cues, such as compactness, uniqueness, and background. However, each visual cue-based method has its own limitations. This study includes various salient region detection methods. Keywords—Saliency detection, structure, object recognition, compactness, uniqueness.


The tanning industry in Ecuador and specifically in the province of Tungurahua has for years been an important socio-economic activity generating jobs in the region. This sector is represented by the Asociacion Nacional de Curtidores del Ecuador (ANCE)
The tannery sector is going through a crisis due to smuggling and low productivity which is reflected in global sales stagnation. The ANCE has a growth potential that has not been exploited, so it was possible to demonstrate the need to implement a strategic plan in this sector.
The results of the study showed that adequate strategic management and planned execution of the projects will improve the internal and external customer service, its processes and the productivity of the Asociacion Nacional de Curtidores del Ecuador which justified the elaboration of a proposal strategic for this association
The objective of this research is to offer a tool that allows the management area to properly plan their strategies in order to reach the proposed goals, take advantage of the opportunities offered by the market and control the permanent threats with which the industry permanently coexists, for which a strategic proposal is presented through a Balanced Scorecard.


Introduction Michael Bonnett 1. Environmental concern, moral education and our place in nature Michael Bonnett 2. Questioning the idea of the individual as an autonomous moral agent C.A. Bowers 3. Reclaiming our moral agency through healing: a call to moral, social, environmental activists Heesoon Bai 4. Ubuntu, ukama, environment and moral education Lesley Le Grange 5. Some implications for moral education of the Confucian principle of harmony: learning from sustainability education practice in China Ling Feng and Derek Newton 6. Four slogans for cultural change: an evolving place-based, imaginative and ecological learning experience Sean Blenkinsop 7. Mountain guides: between ethics and socioeconomic trends Thierry Long, Damien Bazin and Bernard Massiera 8. Promoting ethical and environmental awareness in vulnerable communities: a research action plan Ulisses Araujo 9. Like a swallow, moving forward in circles: on the future dimension of environmental care and education Dirk Willem Postma and Paul Smeyers


The aim of this letter is to investigate an axisymmetric squeezing flow of an incompressible fluid generated by two large parallel plates, including fluid inertial effects. The governing equations have been transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation using integribility condition. Solution to the problem is obtained by using an optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The results reveal that the new method is very effective and simple. Key words:


The chordoma which originates from remnants of the chordal tissue is one of the relatively rare tumors. Only thirty-six surgical and autopsy cases (cranial 20, sacrococcygeal 11 and spinal 5) have bcen reported in Japan. In this paper an autopsy case of giant cranial chordoma and another sacrococcygeal biopsy case are presented. The patient was a 11 year old Japanese girl, whose family and previous histories did not reveal anything. From the beginning of 1957, she noted recurrent headaches. On Nov. 1, 1957, she suddenly complained of visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, and by and by she lost her sight. In December, distinct exophthalmos was noted at the right side and then another followed, In April 1958, her right cheek became swollen, then constipation and rhinorrhea were accompanied. On admission, the ophthalmologic examinations revealed complete blindness, lack of light-reflex and mydriasis on both sides. Her right eye was completely immovable and the left was limited of its movement only up-inward and downward. Hypesthesia was noted at the region of N. trigeminus. Radiologically, there was a sign of destruction of sella turcica, the right upper jaw and the right cheek bone as well as the right orbit. Furthermore, otitis media chronica and sinusitis chronica on both sides were noted. At the end of June, 1958, a diagnosis was established as malignant chordoma by biopsy specimen taken from the right cheek. At that time, the 1st and 2nd branch regions of X. trigminus showed anesthesia. In January, 1959, the tumor projected into the pharyngeal cavity, especially at the mesopharynx and the patient complained of sevcre dyspnoea that could not be improved even by tracheotomy on Jan. 21. On Feb. 15, she expired by massive hemorrhage from the surgical wound. Postmortem examination : Autopsy was performed 19 hours after death. At the frontal and medial cranial fossa, and also clivus there were many projecting tumor masses of various size, some of them were polyp-like (Fig. 1). The dura mater was well preserved, except for a firm fibrous adhesion to the right temporal pole. Marked tumor fungations were seen at the sella turcica, Case I.


This article has nature of announcement of new results.We consider the action of the operator of diagonalization and we assert theboundedness of this operator from one holomorphic space to another one. Assertions inthe bidisc extend previously known onedimensional estimates. Also new sharp theoremson diagonal map are given. These results essentially compliment previously knownsubtle results on diagonal map in polydisc. Some estimates for multifunctional analyticspaces in higher dimension are also given. These inequalities were previously known inthe case of unit disc.Kлючевые слова: holomorphic spaces, diagonal map


Based on a review of empirical research on the subject, items with the last option reading 'none of the above' (NOTA items) have been claimed to be of no advantage over conventional items (Haladyna & Downing, 1989a, b). This paper comments briefly on the weakness of the evidence on which this conclusion is based, and points out some facts that might have contaminated prior empirical research on the advisability of NOTA items, thus possibly invalidating the above conclusion. A theoretical study comparing both item types is also presented in this paper. Finite state theory is used to derive multinomial models for either type of item. These models are then used to obtain maximum likelihood point and interval estimates of the examinees' abilities. Analysis of these estimates shows that NOTA items yield narrower confidence intervals than their conventional counterparts. Thus, they should be preferred over conventional items when accuracy in ability estimation is a goal.


From the outset, the editors of this collection contextualise its contributions with relation to the Arab uprisings of 2011 and then President Sarkozy's response. Although all the entries were writ...


Polycentric is the main tendency of region and urban development,and the relationship of polycentric is the important factor of affecting regional coordinated sustainable development.Based on regional symbiosis theory analysis,analyzed regional polycentric symbiosis mechanism,structure and model,and put forward regional polycentric nested symbiosis model;And took Wuhan urban agglomeration as example,applied breaking point location and urban economy capability level index to establish its polycentric symbiosis spatial structure and analyzed its polycentric symbiosis mechanism,structure and model,and proposed polycentric coordination symbiosis strategy.


Traditional Kretschmann structure with dielectric covering layer of different thickness is analysed numerically by the method of single expression. Covering layers of some hundred nanometers exhibit waveguiding features and their excitation is possible at angles less than angle of surface plasmon excitation. Inclusion of gain in a covering layer is analysed and compensation of intrinsic loss in a metallic layer is discussed. The minimal value of gain for loss compensation needs the first waveguide-mode of a covering layer. This waveguiding-mode is a candidate in application for optical interconnects.


The paper discusses the impact of global financial crisis on the Jordanian economy in two periods; the first period extended from the beginning of the global crisis in autumn of 2008 to December 2008, and the second period started from December 2008 till the end of 2011. The results of this paper indicate that the impact of the global crisis is being driven by the country's high dependence on foods and oil prices which led to increase the prices of oil and commodity. We also found that the banking and tourism sectors were not affected by the crisis. The evidence is presented in a series of charts which are backed up by statistical analysis. Like some of the Arabic countries, Jordan, which is a small Arabic country located in the Middle East, is characterized by possessing a small industrial base. Strikingly, its economy is among the smallest in the region because of the scarcity of its natural resources. Furthermore, the country is known for high standards of unemployment among its educated and uneducated citizens, especially the youth. Despite these facts, there has been a steady growth in the economy.It is noted that the Jordanian economy has mainly grown increasingly over the past 20 years. Great deal of significant economic reforms have been carried out by King Abdullah II Since he has been in power in 1999, these included opening the trade regime, privatizing state-owned companies, and abolishment of most fuel subsidies. Hence, these critical reforms have been the primary motivator for foreign investment in the kingdom in the last few years. The economic growth has improved increasingly as a result of the foreign investment which naturally has led to creating more job opportunities. Undeniably, the rate of unemployment has decline considerably despite the sweeping global financial crisis which casted its light on the whole region. It is taken-by-granted that Jordan was affected by the financial crisis; there were imbalance in the level of imports and exports, I.e. Jordan had to pay more for basic commodities and energy products including oil. Despite the challenges, the country has moved on in implementing the significant reforms therefore the economic growth increased constantly. It is understood that any country must prioritize the annual economic growth by implementing strategic economic plans that would be ready to face any sudden or undesirable economic imbalances. Jordan's economy is mainly dependent on exports, tourism, and overseas Jordanian employees' remittances. Any imbalances in these economic resources will affect the rate of employment and unemployment in the kingdom. By nature of things, as the rate of unemployment increases more, the rate of poverty will rise in Jordan. Noticeably, now the rate of poverty in Jordan has reached 14.5% according to the official statistical estimates. However, the rate is higher based on nongovernmental institutions - estimated at 27%, (European Economy, 2009).On the other hand, Like some underdeveloped countries, Jordan has been suffering greatly from "brain drain"; there are approximately 600,000 Jordanians working abroad, nearly 50 % of them have workplaces in the Gulf region, and their remittances are up to 20% of the JordanianGDP, (European Commission, 2009).In other words, remittances are recognized as an important national income to the country. It is agreed that, among the huge number of Jordanians working overseas, there are a big number of academic, skilled and professional people. This undoubtedly, despite the advantageous benefits, negatively affects the country since Jordan needs to make up the shortage by depend on alterative foreign manpower from Egypt and Syria. Consequently, this leads


The first antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was used for the treatment of psychosis in France in 1951 and in the United States in 1954. Antipsychotic use has expanded significantly since then. The historic term neuroleptic, used with antipsychotic medication, is no longer appropriate because newer agents cause less sedation. The term antipsychotic is now preferred. In 2009, U.S. poison control centers reported more than 4700 exposures to phenothiazines and 43,000 exposures to atypical antipsychotics, resulting in 0 and 8 deaths, respectively.


The objective of research was to determine the feasibility of producing a hectare of fig (Ficus vcarica) in the Tierra Blanca zone of Cartago, place where the greatest amount of fig is produced at national level, for a period of ten years, a period in which the plantation is completely depreciated. In this regard, a study to determine the commercial, technical, environmental, legal and financial viability of the crop. The technical study concluded that the district of Tierra Blanca is the area that best meets the requirements for fig cultivation. The environmental study showed that, when passing from a field dedicated to onion and carrot, to one of fig plantations different components such as water and air are favored. Finally, through the financial study was able to determine that the project if it is profitable, presenting an IRR of 28% and a NPV of 25.340.833 colones, or equivalent US $ 40.450.


Creating a children-friendly society and offering a good educational environment for children have become an important issue for the whole society. From the view of children, this paper analyzes some characteristics of the environment for children's growth in Japan and elaborates some natural outdoor playground such as Forest Kindergarten. It also proposes twelve principles for the planning and design of a children-friendly environment at a national level. Given the current economic and social development, China remains some similarities but still a gap with Japan. Therefore, a research of the natural outdoor playground for children in Japan will be valuable for the development of children's playground and education in China.


We examine gender differences in public and private environmentally responsible behaviors (ERBs) and whether and how these differences changed between 1994 and 2010. We consider how political attitudes and environmental concern influence the relationship between gender and ERBs. Ordinary least squares regression models were estimated using the 1994 and 2010 General Social Survey. The study results indicate that women had higher levels of private ERBs than men in 1994 and 2010. Political ideology and environmental concern partially explain gender differences in private ERBs in 1994 and fully explain them in 2010. Men and women have similar levels of public ERBs in 1994; in 2010, men's level of public ERBs is significantly higher than women's, after controlling for political ideology and environmental concern. In addition, there are some gender differences in the effects of political orientation and environmental concern on ERBs. Our study indicates that the relationship between gender and environmentalism is complex and that concern and political orientation should be considered when designing strategies to enhance ERBs.


Background: A continuous, accurate, non‐invasive monitor of cardiac output would represent a major step forward in patient management. A cardiac output computer, NICO2, based on the Fick principle and an automatic partial carbon dioxide (CO2)‐rebreathing technique has just become available. We compared the performance of this monitor with the standard thermodilution method.


An embodiment of the invention provides a communication processing method and device. The method is used for a mobile communication terminal with no user identification card inserted in, and includes: receiving a system broadcast message sent by a network side; and analyzing the system broadcast message, obtaining and storing location information indicating a network area and carried in the system broadcast message, and sending the latest stored location information to the network side, thereby enabling a service platform to determine the geographical position of the mobile communication terminal that sends the location information according to the location information. The method and device in the embodiment of the invention not only can support a voice communication service of a card-free terminal, but can also provide the location information of the mobile terminal.


Studies have shown mixed results in testing fund-selection ability amongst investors as a possible explanation to the mutual fund puzzle proposed by Gruber (1996). While most studies focus on the US mutual fund market, Keswani & Stolin (2008) propose that the smart money effect is empirically evident in the UK market, using data on funds from 1991-2000. This study aims to evaluate their hypothesis on the latest dataset from 2000 – 2010, for two important reasons. Firstly, most of the growth in the fund industry had taken place over the last decade, and hence the smart money effect as the explanation for this growth should be prominent during this period. Secondly, a regulatory shock to the fund industry took place in 1997 that effectively increased competition within the industry. Increased competition usually benefits the consumer, through both direct and indirect channels. In this case, the investor can be expected to witness increased performance, reduced fees and better governance in funds, causing a stronger smart money effect. However, the results in this study contradict these expectations. Possible explanations for this include excessive risk-taking by fund managers and increased search costs for investors, amongst other reasons. 1 Correspondence to: Imtiaz ul Haq, 5.11, MBS West, Off Booth Street East, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK M15 6PB.Email: firstname.lastname@example.com, Tel: (44)-735602201.


Top-performing machine learning systems, such as deep neural networks, large ensembles and complex probabilistic graphical models, can be expensive to store, slow to evaluate and hard to integrate into larger systems. Ideally, we would like to replace such cumbersome models with simpler models that perform equally well.
In this thesis, we study knowledge distillation, the idea of extracting the knowledge contained in a complex model and injecting it into a more convenient model. We present a general framework for knowledge distillation, whereby a convenient model of our choosing learns how to mimic a complex model, by observing the latter's behaviour and being penalized whenever it fails to reproduce it.
We develop our framework within the context of three distinct machine learning applications: (a) model compression, where we compress large discriminative models, such as ensembles of neural networks, into models of much smaller size; (b) compact predictive distributions for Bayesian inference, where we distil large bags of MCMC samples into compact predictive distributions in closed form; (c) intractable generative models, where we distil unnormalizable models such as RBMs into tractable models such as NADEs.
We contribute to the state of the art with novel techniques and ideas. In model compression, we describe and implement derivative matching, which allows for better distillation when data is scarce. In compact predictive distributions, we introduce online distillation, which allows for significant savings in memory. Finally, in intractable generative models, we show how to use distilled models to robustly estimate intractable quantities of the original model, such as its intractable partition function.


Thermal metamaterials have been proposed to manipulate heat flux as a new way to cloak or camouflage objects in the infrared world. To date, however, thermal metamaterials only operate in the steady-state and exhibit detectable, transient heat signatures. In this letter, the theoretical basis for a thermal camouflaging technique with controlled transient diffusion is presented. This technique renders an object invisible in real time. More importantly, the thermal camouflaging device instantaneously generates a pre-designed heat signature and behaves as a perfect thermal illusion device. A metamaterial coating with homogeneous and isotropic thermal conductivity, density, and volumetric heat capacity was fabricated and very good camouflaging performance was achieved.


Brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758) damage trees (mainly the cambium) during feeding and marking. It is thought that their stripping of bark and their subsequent foraging on sapwood can lead to substantial economic losses. However, the part played by this process in the ecosystem is still unknown. We hypothesize that brown bear foraging makes resources and habitats available to other species. We anticipated that wounds perpetrated by bears during foraging would attract saproxylic insects and consequently insectivorous birds. Bear wounds were searched for on trees in the Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians) from 2008 to 2011. We analyzed 278 wounds in silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) of different age classes: 43% of them had holes made by wood-boring insects and 33% had signs of woodpecker feeding. The presence of insect holes and woodpecker marks in the wound was found to depend on wound area, wound age, and tree circumference (insects only). In particular, the oldest wound age class (>5 years ...


Systematic electrical and physicomechanical studies have been carried out on natural rubber (NR) blended with synthetic rubber ethylene- propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as non-polar rubber. The permittivity (" 0 ) and dielectric loss (" 00 ) of this blend have been measured over a wide range of frequencies (42 Hz-5 MHz) at room temperature (� 25 � C). Compatibility of NR-EPDM can be enhanced by the addition of compatibilizers, such as polybutadiene (BR), chlorinated rubber, chloro-sulfonated polyethylene (SPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and graft copolymerization of EPDM with metallic anhydride (EPDM-g-MAH). The compatibility results obtained from the dielec- tric measurements are comparable with those obtained from the calculation of the strain energy, fatigue, mechanical failure tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results


Building Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV/ETTV) is among building sustainability criteria in the tropics. This metric has been adopted by several green rating tools to evaluate building envelope thermal performance, hence, to assess buildings cooling loads. Currently, building project teams find it very challenging and time-consuming to assess the OTTV/ETTV using the currently available tools and methods. Therefore, this article presents a new tool for "Easy ETTV" assessment developed using computational Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology. The development process of the tool consists of three main stages; first, the requirements of OTTV are analyzed and interpreted to BIM-based rules. Then, based on these rules, the functionalities of the BIM authoring tool Revit and Dynamo (Computational BIM tool) are screened up in order to build scripts for data extraction compatible with the predefined rules. Finally, the tool was tested on a case study building and the generated results were compared to the manual calculations of OTTV. At this stage, Easy ETTV tool shows a very high potential for assessing OTTV in term of duration, accuracy, and friendliness. Nevertheless, this tool is still in its early stage of development, and additional enhancements and functionalities have to be integrated into it. This tool will support project team in designating and assessing building envelope thermal performance by allowing them to select the most appropriate façade configuration according to its performance. Keywords— Thermal performance, Green Building Rating Tools, Building envelope, Automation, Dynamo, OTTV/ETTV


Geisler JP, Geisler HE, Wiemann MC, Zhou Z, Miller GA, Crabtree W. MIB-1: A predictor of survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8: 392–396.

Objective: MIB-1, a monoclonal antibody, reacts with the Ki-67 antigen, functioning as a marker of proliferation index. This study was carried out to determine whether MIB-1 staining, using image analysis, was a prognostic indicator in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Methods: The tumors from 93 consecutive patients receiving primary surgical therapy for ovarian cancer were evaluated with MIB-1. Staining was quantified by image analysis. The patients were followed for a mean of 41 months (median, 37 months; minimum, 27 months; maximum, 68 months). Their charts were reviewed to determine survival, histologic type, grade, stage, and level of cytoreduction.

Results: Seventy-three patients had serous carcinomas, eight clear cell carcinomas, four endometrioid carcinomas, four mucinous carcinomas, two transitional carcinomas, and two undifferentiated carcinomas. Sixteen patients had stage I disease, four patients had stage II disease, 53 patients had stage III disease, and 20 patients had stage IV disease. Thirty-nine patients died within the observation period of the study. The MIB-1 staining of those patients alive at the conclusion of the study (28.3%) was significantly less than the MIB-1 staining of those who died (42.6%) (P < 0.001). No patient whose tumor had MIB-1 staining of less than 22.0% died during the observation period of the study. MIB-1 staining less than 22.0% (P= 0.020), FIGO stage (P= 0.025), and the level of cytoreduction (P= 0.0006) were independent predictors of survival.

Conclusion: In this series of 93 patients with ovarian carcinoma, MIB-1 monoclonal antibody staining was shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of survival. No patient whose tumor stained less than 22% positive nuclear area for MIB-1 died of her ovarian carcinoma.


EEDQ, a member of a new class of nonequilibrium alpha adrenergic blocking agents with marked central depressant activity, produced complete alpha blockade at approximately the same dose range as phenoxybenzamine (rat, cat). The effect produced on the central nervous system was similar to that of chlorpromazine (neuroleptic activity), and in the rat EEDQ was several times more potent than chlorpromazine. This compound (EEDQ) is of pharmacological interest since, in contrast to haloalkylamines, it possesses strong central depressant activity, and because the biochemical mechanism by which the compound induces irreversible changes at the alpha receptor is clearly different from that of the haloalkylamines.


The new concept of the fuzzy filter degree was given by means of the implication operator, which enables to measure a degree to which a fuzzy subset of a BL-algebra is a fuzzy filter. In this paper, we put forward several equivalent characterizations of the fuzzy filter degree by studying its properties and the relationship with level cut sets. Furthermore, we study the fuzzy filter degrees of the intersection and fuzzy direct products of fuzzy subsets and investigate the fuzzy filter degrees of the image and the preimage of a fuzzy subset under a homomorphism.


This paper concerns the theoretical, numerical, and experimental study of the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) process under conditions of phase and group-velocity mismatch and aims to demonstrate the dimensionality transition of the SHG process caused by the change of the fundamental wave diameter. We show that SHG from a narrow fundamental beam leads to the spontaneous self-phase-matching process with, in addition, the appearance of angular dispersion for the off-axis frequency components generated. The angular dispersion sustains the formation of the short X pulse in the second harmonic (SH) and is recognized as three-dimensional (3D) dynamics. On the contrary, the large-diameter fundamental beam reduces the number of the degrees of freedom, does not allow the generation of the angular dispersion, and maintains the so-called one-dimensional (1D) SHG dynamics, where the self-phase-matching appears just for axial components and is accompanied by the shrinking of the SH temporal bandwidth, and sustains a long SH pulse formation. The transition from long SH pulse generation typical of the 1D dynamics to the short 3D X pulse is illustrated numerically and experimentally by changing the conditions from the self-defocusing to the self-focusing regime by simply tuning the phase mismatch. The numerical and experimental verification of the analytical results are also presented.


Schwartz (this issue) performs a valuable service for current and future identity re-searchers with his article that describes, organizes, and summarizes current trends in identity research. It places current work in historical perspective and identifies some common threads in what has become a diverse field, especially in the past 20 years. I comment on different sections of his article, and, although I may sound critical at times, I hope that it is understood that these views are intended to be thought provoking rather than negating.


Parkinson disease (PD), Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) differ clinically with regard to the presence and timing of dementia. In this postmortem study, we evaluated whether the burden and distribution pattern of amyloid-&bgr; (A&bgr;) pathology differs among these disease entities. We assessed A&bgr; phases and neuritic plaque scores in 133 patients fulfilling clinical diagnostic criteria for PD, PDD, and DLB, and determined the presence and load of A&bgr; pathology in 5 cortical and 4 subcortical regions in a subset of patients (n = 89) using a multispectral imaging system. A&bgr; phases and neuritic plaque scores were higher in DLB versus PDD (both p < 0.001) and in PDD vs PD patients (p = 0.020 and 0.022, respectively). A&bgr; pathology was more often observed in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala and putamen in DLB versus PDD patients; A&bgr; load was higher in both cortical and subcortical regions. PDD patients had more frequent A&bgr; pathology in temporal cortex and higher A&bgr; load in cortical regions and striatum versus PD patients. Our findings suggest that the load and extent of A&bgr; pathology may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in PDD and the early-stage severe dementia in DLB.


We characterized the high frequency microwave signal generation using sideband injection locking in modulated Fabry-Pérot laser diodes. We studied the injection locking ranges and the dependence of modulation signal waveforms.


Purpose
The purpose of the study is to probe millennials on their perceptions towards consumer ethics and to generate new insights in the realm of consumer behaviour. Millennials constitute a big fraction of the total consumer base with immense buying power. Therefore, the exploration of the ethical perspective of millennials is of vital importance for organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies a grounded theory approach to explore the subjective experiences of consumers and draws insights from the data following an interpretivist epistemology.

Findings
The findings revealed five prominent themes that throw light on the consumer's ethical orientations. The findings extend Hunt Vettel's theoretical framework and ethical relativism.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited by the small sample of millennials studied.

Practical implications
The paper advances the Hunt Vittel theoretical framework of ethics and provides insights into the deontological and teleological evaluations of millennials while making ethical decisions. The study adds to the existing research on millennials materialism and ethical orientation. The organizations get an insight into the ethical perceptions of millennials. The findings reinforce the consumer's perceived importance of adoption of green practices by the organizations. The organization's investment in green practices precipitate a favourable image of the organization among the millennials.

Originality/value
Literature in ethics is replete with studies adopting positivist methodologies. This paper is unique as it shuns the methodological bias and adopts a grounded theory approach to study new age digitally savvy millennial consumers.


A high power, diode pumped, all-fiber Yb-doped fiber laser at 1150-nm wavelength by using conventional double clad fiber with output power of 52.6 W and slope efficiency up to 60% is realized. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest power at this wavelength.


Rapidly rising prevalence of obesity is alarming. Obesity predisposes to co-morbidities like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, thus substantially rising healthcare expenditure.


Cloud computing has been envisioned as the nextgeneration technology of IT industries. The Cloud is a platform where data owner remotely store their data in the cloud to enjoy the high quality applications and services. Cloud is a model where user is provided services by CSP (Cloud Service Provider) on pay per use base. In spite of its vitality, it exhibits various security flaws including integrity of data, data dynamics and data privacy affects the performance of a number of approaches in cloud storage. The CSP will manage the data of client at data centre. If there is large number of clients is there who using the services of cloud then the management of data at data centre will be difficult and even some time for their mutual benefit of CSP (limited space available at Data Centre) it can discard some data of client which is not used by the client for a long time. This paper will give the concise review of various approaches for cloud data security and their limitations. Keywords— Cloud Computing, Third party Auditor, MAC.


In this paper, we reconstruct the wealth path of an ascending line of descendants in a rural area at XIXe and XXe century and we describe theoretically the process of accumulation and transmission of wealth with microeconomic models of saving. The wealth profile of each generation was build with all their transactions over the life cycle (purchase, sale, exchange, marriage settlement, gifth, inheritance). In this prospect, we use the records of the Registration. This data allowed us to illustrate several wealth accumulation models (life cycle hypothesis, inheritance models, intra-family exchange). In future research, we want to build a sample of lines of descendants to develop new empirical tests of theoretic model based on historical data. More generally, we could tackle the question of relevance of modern theoretic model to explain wealth behaviour in the past.


To the Editor , Congenital Langerhans cell disease/histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disorder presenting in the neonatal period with both skin-limited and disseminated forms.1 Classic lesions appear as red-brown scaly papulovesicles ranging from solitary to diffuse involvement.1 Spontaneous clearance is seen in skin-limited forms; however, multi-system disease may appear months to years later and may be more common than previously thought.1 Historically divided into four clinical subtypes (Letterer–Siwe, Hand–Schüller–Christian, eosinophilic granuloma and Hashimoto–Pritzker disease/Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis), LCH is now more generally separated into single-system or multi-system disease. A commonality found among LCH subtypes is the expression of Langerhans cell markers (S-100+, CD1a+ and CD207+). Some have proposed that dendritic cells with features of Langerhans cells (S100 protein+, CD1a+) and macrophages (CD68+) but lacking Birbeck granules (CD207−) would be suggestive of a different disease entity termed indeterminate cell histiocytosis (ICH).2,3 We report a unique case presenting clinically as congenital self-healing LCH with histopathologic features of mixed Langerhans and indeterminate cells. A full-term healthy newborn male with an unremarkable prenatal history and uncomplicated delivery presented at birth with multiple purpuric papules of varying sizes, some with crusting. Lesions were scattered on the head, trunk and extremities including palms and soles, but spared the groin and mucosa (Fig. 1). Cutaneous Fig. 1. Purpuric papules distributed diffusely on body.


relationships between grantees and subrecipients. With this data, the contractor, to inform ASPE and ACF, will build a social/organizational network to depict how grantee and subrecipient organizations collaborate with one another through TVAP to better understand the existing network and identify potential opportunities for improving the efficiency of the network. ASPE anticipates completion of all data collection activities by October 2018.


The February 2005 newsletter of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO) delves into the intimate connection between Oil and the Financial System: "The Industrial Revolution began in the mid 18th Century with the exploitation of coal, initially in Britain, providing a new fuel for industry, transport and trade, which grew rapidly. The Oil Age dawned 100 years later, initially to provide lamp-oil for illumination, but later to fuel transport, following the development of the Internal Combustion Engine. Electricity generation expanded widely, fuelled first by coal, but later mainly from oil, gas and nuclear energy. This epoch has been widely seen as one of amazing technological progress, which has conditioned many people to think that there must always be a technological solution. "The Industrial Revolution was accompanied by an equally important, but less visible, Financial Revolution. In short, commercial banks lent money in excess of what they had on deposit, effectively creating money out of thin air, but the system worked because tomorrow's expansion provided collateral for today's debt. It was effectively a system of confidence, an intrinsic element of all debt. So, it might be better termed the FinancialIndustrial Revolution. "The Stock Markets evolved from being simply an exchange of dividend-yielding Community, a solution for saving the environment and conserving resources with equity for all. New Solutions


This thesis describes an implementation of a neural network based word recognition system. The network is based on physiological findings on the afferent auditory system, including both auditory signal processing and afferent pathway signal processing. The network does not use any time warping and makes no use of the back-propagation algorithm for training. A cochlear model acts as a front-end processor to the neural network. Several practical models for cochlear mechanics are presented. The models can be implemented using various frequency scales. Simulation results are presented for each model and the results are compared and contrasted herein. A computationally efficient multi-rate cochlear model is developed and performance is compared with the slower fixed sample rate models. A simple design procedure for the multi-rate model is presented. Recently, an artificial neural network has been developed which uses physiological findings on the central auditory system. The network reproduces response patterns typical in the auditory system. The architecture of this neural network is described in detail in this thesis. Results of both speaker dependant and speaker independent word recognition experiments carried out using the multi-rate cochlear model as a front-end processor to the artificial neural network are presented. Preliminary results show that this physiologically based neural network has potential as a speech recognition tool but fares worse than more conventional speech recognition systems. Recognition accuracies of 57% were obtained using the physiological based neural network while results approaching 80% are possible using a mel-frequency cepstral coefficient I hiddenMarkov model combination. Finally, a real-time implementation of the multi-rate cochlear model is •• developed on an Analog Devices ADSP-2181 fixed-point Digital Signal Processor. The performance of the real-time implementation is compared and contrasted with that of the simulated model.


Purpose – Thisstudyaimstodevelopaneducationaltourismdemandmodel,particularlyinrespecttodynamic effects, university quality (QU) and competitor countries. Educational tourism has been identified as a new tourism sub-sector with high potential, and is thus expected to boost economic growth and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – This study reviews the literature on the determinants of educational tourismdemand.Eventhoughtheexistingliteratureisintensivelydiscussed,mostlyfocusingontheeducational tourism demand from an individual consumer ' s perspective, this study makes an innovation in line with the aggregate demand view. The study uses data that consist of the enrolment of international students from 47 home countries who studied in Malaysia from 2008 to 2017. The study utilised the dynamic panel method of analysis. Findings – This study affirms that income per capita, educational tourism price, price of competitor countries and quality of universities based on accredited programmes and world university ranking are the determinants of educational tourism demand in both the short and the long term. Also, a dynamic effect exists in educational tourism demand. Researchlimitations/implications – Theresultsimplythatgovernmentshouldtakethequalityofservicesfor existing students, price decisions and QU into account to promote the country as a tertiary education hub and achieve sustainable development. Originality/value – Research on the determinants of the demand for educational tourism is rare in terms of macro data, and this study includes the roles of QU, competitor countries and dynamic effects.


Device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular infrastructure takes advantage of the physical proximity of communicating devices and increasing resource utilisation. However, adopting D2D communications in complex scenarios poses substantial challenges for the resource allocation design. Meanwhile, matching theory has emerged as a promising framework for wireless resource allocation which can overcome some limitations of game theory and optimisation. This thesis focuses on the resource allocation optimisation for D2D communications based on matching theory. First, resource allocation policy is designed for D2D communications underlaying cellular networks. A novel spectrum allocation algorithm based on many-to-many matching is proposed to improve system sum rate. Additionally, considering the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and priorities of different applications, a context-aware resource allocation algorithm based on many-to-one matching is proposed, which is capable of providing remarkable performance enhancement in terms of improved data rate, decreased packet error rate (PER) and reduced delay. Second, to improve resource utilisation, joint subchannel and power allocation problem for D2D communications with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is studied. For the subchannel allocation, a novel algorithm based on the many-to-one matching is proposed for obtaining a suboptimal solution. Since the power allocation problem is non-convex, sequential convex programming is adopted to transform the original power allocation problem to a convex one. The proposed algorithm is shown to enhance the network sum rate and number of accessed users. Third, driven by the trend of heterogeneity of cells, the resource allocation problem for NOMA-enhanced D2D communications in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is investi-


A resonant DC link three-level soft-switching inverter with symmetrical auxiliary circuits was proposed to reduce switching loss in the three-level inverter under high switching frequency. Symmetrical auxiliary circuits were arranged in the DC link of three-level inverter. The voltage across resonant capacitors between DC buses decreased to zero periodically via the resonation of auxiliary circuits. Main switching devices in the three-level inverter were operated when the voltage across resonant capacitors between DC buses was zero to realize zero-voltage switching. The operation principle of the soft-switching inverter was analyzed in detail on the basis of equivalent circuits at different operation modes. A 3 kW laboratory prototype of resonant DC link three-phase three-level soft-switching inverter had been built. Experimental results were demonstrated to confirm validity of soft-switching and improve efficiency compared with hard-switching inverters. Therefore, the proposed topology with engineering practicability in the paper can effectively reduce switching loss.


Tushabe, H., Pomeroy, D. & Reynolds, J. 2000. Predicting bird species Occurrences for conservation planning in Uganda. Ostrich 71 (1 & 2): 307–309. In Uganda, lack of adequate data on species' distributions poses a problem in laying strategies for conservation planning. Some of the data that exist are old and are therefore of uncertain value, given the pace of environmental changes. To overcome these problems, a logical prediction model was built based on species-habitat relationships to help predict the Occurrence of bird species in Uganda. This computer model makes use of field observations, from which species-habitat relationships are built; these are based upon biogeographical zones, an 80-category vegetation map, and human population densities. The model is then run to determine 'suitable habitats' for species of interest. The model has been tested for accuracy for the existing national parks, and high degrees of accuracy reaching around 90% have been obtained for those parks with many observations (unpublished data). In future, it is planned to include rainfall as an alternative to biogeographical zones. This paper examines the methods used in this research, gives a description of the model, the results that have been obtained; and assesses the usefulness of the model in conservation planning.


Client card describing work completed at the Roman Bronze Works Foundry for Mr. Lester E. Bauer, including a job number, brief description, monetary amount, and dates associated with each entry. Pieces include: "Whip" (For Cheyenne; repair).


To date, the most effective antidepressants have been the monamine oxidase inhibitors and imipramine. These drugs, however, have limitations in the treatment of depression in schizophrenic patients, for they will frequently exacerbate the symptoms of schizophrenia, causing the delusions and hallucinations either to appear for the first time or to become more florid. This untoward effect is more marked with the monamine oxidase inhibitors than with imipramine. The purpose of the present study was to test the effectiveness of a new antidepressant, amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil),2 in the treatment of chronic psychotic patients manifesting depression in addition to their other symptoms. Amitriptyline is not a monamine oxidase inhibitor, but is related chemically and pharmacologically to imipramine. Twenty-eight female patients between the ages of 31 and 60 were chosen for the study. They had been continuously hospitalized from 1 to 23 years. Their diagnoses were as follows: 19 schizophrenia, 4 involutional psychosis, mixed type, 2 manic-depressive psychosis, mixed type, 1 psychosis with epidemic encephalitis, 1 psychosis due to alcohol, deterioration, 1 psychosis due to epilepsy, deterioration. The description of the patients varied, but on the whole they were clean and neat in


Hybrid DS SFH/SSMA (spread spectrum multiple access) packet radio network utilizing Reed Solomon codes was introduced in this paper to analyze the throughput of a wireless network which employ RS coding and spread spectrum technology during fading.The system performance was accurately modeled with a simple computational model for multipath fading channels. The throughput was then computed for the RS code with comparisons of the performance of different systems. The SSMA systems significantly improve throughput performance, with the best throughput obtained by proper selection of the parameters. The systems with RS coding have better throughput performance with 6dB gain.


From the foundation of the republic, the government of the United States promoted western expansion through the surveying and sales of the public domain. The agency responsible over most of this period, the General Land Office (GLO), produced maps of the progress of surveying and sales on an annual basis. This article reviews a notable series, from the first "connected" map (i.e., one showing all the public lands in a single view) in 1864 until the last in 1953. In each period, the national map produced by the agency reflects the concerns of the time, as it records the preparations for the sale of the public domain for settlement. In the first decades of the connected maps, the primary thematic elements documented the work of GLO in surveying what is now called the Public Land Survey System (PLSS). These maps evolved to include a treatment of "territorial acquisitions," which eventually became the most prominent thematic element, while still including a representation of the PLSS grid. The series' first depictions of territorial acquisitions included an exceptional error, one of several, indicating that the Oregon Country was part of the Louisiana Purchase. Commissioner Binger Hermann expounded his understanding of the United States' territorial history in an eighty-seven page monograph, an unusual recognition of a cartographic error, which led to corrections. The long history of this map series provides material to understand the role of maps in the history of the country.


The purpose of neutral-point voltage balancing algorithms in the three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) topology is to eliminate the voltage unbalance of top- and bottom-side dc-link voltages (neutral-point voltage). These algorithms are divided into dc unbalance and ac unbalance compensation methods. The dc unbalance causes distortion of output currents; therefore, this problem has to be solved. The ac unbalance implies that there is an ac ripple in the top- and bottom-side dc-link voltages. In applications using 3L-NPC topology, a large dc-link capacitor value is required to mitigate this ac unbalance problem. As a result, the size and the cost of applications become large and expensive. In this paper, a compensation method for mitigating the ac unbalance of the neutral-point voltage is proposed, which causes the dc-link capacitor value to be small, when a carrier-based pulse width modulation method is applied. The proposed method compensates the ac unbalance of the neutral-point voltage by adding an optimal compensation value to the reference duty signals. This compensation value is calculated simply by currents and reference duty signals. The calculation process of the optimal compensation value is discussed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with simulations and experiments.


School of Public Health, La Trobe University1, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital and the University of Melbourne2, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University3, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University4, Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Department of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University5


Formost, when confronted by the name James Joyce, the first title to come tomind isUlysses; then these titlesmay be taken in any order desired:FinnegansWake,Dubliners andAPortrait of the Artist as a Young Man. But the poetry of James Joyce is an element of the Joyce canon much overshadowed by the major works, and much to its detriment, as this volume of essays, edited by Marc C. Conner for the University Press of Florida's James Joyce series, ably demonstrates. As Sebastian D.G. Knowles, the series editor, notes in his foreword to the collection, 'The Poetry of James Joyce Reconsidered is, quite improbably, the first book of essays on Joyce's poetry' (ix), and each essay draws on much of the same exiguous extant scholarship – from Myra Russel's influential studies of Chamber Music's Elizabethan connections toWilliamYorkTindall's 1954annotated editionof thatwork,with all its famous urolagnic references – and they drawmany similar conclusions, at least to beginwith;mainly that the poetry is almost as renowned for its readerly neglect as for its writerly merit. James Joyce published two original collections of poetry in his lifetime, Chamber Music in 1907 (his first published book), and Pomes Penyeach twenty years later, in the interim between Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939); when these two collections were collated as Joyce's Collected Poems in 1936 the edition also included the celebrated poem 'Ecce Puer'. As well as these Joyce wrote two stirring satirical broadsides, 'The Holy Office' (1904) and 'Gas from a Burner' (1912), as well as occasional verse throughout his life. As Conner states in his eponymous introductory essay, 'Joyceans have denigrated the limericks, satires and doggerel verse'; he then evokes J.C.C. Mays' (editor of the Penguin Poems and Exiles) words and suggests that this 'is because they "feel more at home with solemnity"; yet "this takes a constrained, solemn view of what verse can encompass, and a view of Joyce's achievement that is all too narrow"' (32, fn. 33). Whilst this is an opinion certainly to be subscribed to, this collection's main focus remains Chamber Music – with a few forays into Pomes Penyeach – the broadsides getting minimal mention. Due to the very scantiness of Joyce's poetic work – 'slender' is a word commonly found in description of the poetic volumes – the same ground is often covered in the essays; but, with that said, the ways in which it is covered are multiform and each approach is fresh. Michael Patrick Gillespie's 'Reading Joyce's Poetry against the Rest of the Canon' contextualises the poetic output eruditely and gives certain insights into the periodicity of Joyce's compositional stages, especially in relation to the contemporaneity of Chamber Music and Dubliners, that are indispensable. Gillespie rather brilliantly analyses Joyce's conception of love in the Chamber Music poems, writing in conclusion that


Appropriateness,an indispensable and constitutive feature of a good translation,means that the translation should be linguistically and stylistically natural and acceptable within the context of the target language and culture.However,this basic and important aspect of translation is often neglected in translation studies and practice.This paper attempts to explore appropriateness in translation from the following two aspects: linguistic appropriateness and stylistic appropriateness.


Significance The plasma membrane protects cell content from the outer environment. Overcoming this obstacle and delivering drugs efficiently into cells still remain a major hurdle for modern pharmacology and medicine. We developed and demonstrated a simple nanomaterial platform—a dimer of small-diameter carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs)—which functions as a potent membrane fusogen. Molecular simulations revealed a distinct fusion mechanism. CNTP-studded vesicles loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, delivered the drug to cancer cells, killing a majority of them. Our work provides new opportunities for understanding membrane fusion mechanisms, designing synthetic fusogens, and developing simple and efficient drug carriers for delivery of therapeutics and vaccines. Drug delivery mitigates toxic side effects and poor pharmacokinetics of life-saving therapeutics and enhances treatment efficacy. However, direct cytoplasmic delivery of drugs and vaccines into cells has remained out of reach. We find that liposomes studded with 0.8-nm-wide carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs) function as efficient vehicles for direct cytoplasmic drug delivery by facilitating fusion of lipid membranes and complete mixing of the membrane material and vesicle interior content. Fusion kinetics data and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal an unusual mechanism where CNTP dimers tether the vesicles, pull the membranes into proximity, and then fuse their outer and inner leaflets. Liposomes containing CNTPs in their membranes and loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin, were effective in delivering the drug to cancer cells, killing up to 90% of them. Our results open an avenue for designing efficient drug delivery carriers compatible with a wide range of therapeutics.


Schlieren photographs of discharges in a parallel plate rail‐tube were taken using a pulsed ruby laser as a light source. The photographs show more detail than previously observed and reveal some new facts about the structure of the discharge.


AbstractThe zinc oxide method is one of the most popular flue gas desulfurization processes, especially for the control of low-content sulfur dioxide. In this process, zinc sulfite can be oxidized ...


PURPOSE: A bookmark information management method in an A/V data player is provided to store bookmark information for images selected by a user to a hard disc for keeping and using the information even though an optical disc is removed. CONSTITUTION: A bookmark information management method in an A/V data player includes the steps of composing basic bookmark information for corresponding images and storing the bookmark information to an internal memory(S13), as a user selects a bookmark function in the process of playing an optical disc such as a DVD(S11,S12). If the user commands the DVD to be removed(S14), a CPU converts the bookmark images to magnification images on the basis of the bookmark information stored into the internal memory to store in an HDD(S15), wherein additional bookmark information is added to the basic bookmark information and stored to the HDD corresponding to the minimized images(S16). The additional bookmark information includes copy information, and start address, flag and source ID of the copied one.


Abstract— In mice implanted subcutaneously with osmotic minipumps releasing the neurotoxic agent N‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 days (105 μg h−1/mouse) (∼ 100 mg kg−1 day−1) a significant reduction (∼ 25%) in the striatal dopaminergic nerve endings was observed. This neurotoxic effect was prevented by the semi‐chronic ingestion of a Ginkgo biloba extract for 17 days (GBE 761, ∼ 100 mg kg−1 day−1). The high concentrations (∼ 1 g L−1) at which GBE 761 in‐vitro either prevented the uptake of [3H]dopamine by synaptosomes prepared from striatum, or prevented the specific binding of the pure dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR 12783 to membranes prepared from striatum suggests that the prevention of the MPTP neurotoxicity does not depend on an inhibition of the MPTP uptake by dopamine neurons. This is also suggested by the lack of prevention of the in‐vitro striatal binding of [3H]GBR 12783 administered i.v. at a tracer dose, in mice pretreated for 8 days with GBE 761 (100 mg kg−1 p.o.) and receiving a supplementary gastric administration of GBE 761 (100 mg kg−1) 1 h before testing. Similar treatment with GBE 761 did not modify the toxicity for dopamine neurons of 6‐hydroxydopamine (20 μg) directly injected into the striatum of rats.


Obesity, an epidemic health concern that related with high levels of worldwide morbidity and mortality levels, showed marked increase to last years. Studies focus on the factors leading such rise to make effective and long lasting intervensions intended for obesity. Decreased nightly sleep duration,compared to the past century,is considered as one of these factors and studies emphasize the relation between changing sleep patterns and obesity and accompanying health disorders as impaired glucose metabolism, cardiovascular diseases,type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension those also have high prevelances. Current thesis was created in the form of literature review with the articles those taken from Pubmed and Science Direct especially were published after 2010 to comply with the aim of demonstrating the association of sleep with obesity and mentioned health disorders, basic mechanisms undelying this association and factors affecting the functioning of these mechanism.


Introduction popliteal embolectomy and the final patient was sucessfully treated with conservative management (Table Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is an 1). established technique in the management of arterial 5000 IU of Heparin are given routinely prior to disease. The incidence of distal embolisation in our angioplasty through the catheter and Aspirin institution during both subintimal angioplasty and 75–150 mg OD, following the procedure. This protocol transluminal angioplasty is 3.5%. This compares to is not modified following successful aspiration or recently published complication rates of transluminal pushing and parking of emboli. angioplasty of 3.7% and a 2.5% rate of occlusive An 8 French embolectomy non-tapered teflon coated complications in a larger series of 1141 patients. Concatheter is used to attempt removal of embolus by ventionally the options for embolectomy would be to aspiration in the first instance. The technique involves consider aspiration, thrombolysis or surgical readvancing the catheter over a guidewire to the level moval. We have employed an alternative technique of the embolus until free back bleeding has ceased. in the event of failure to aspirate an embolus, which Suction is then applied with the use of a 50 ml syringe. involves pushing the embolus distally. Suction is maintained whilst the catheter is moved to and fro in the artery to aid engagement of the embolic material. The catheter is then withdrawn to the sheath with constant suction maintained and finally extracted, Technique with the haemostasis valve removed to prevent dislodgement. The technique was employed in six patients (four However, in some cases the applied suction fails to male), age range 62 to 85, between February 1997 engage the embolus. In these cases when there is more and August 1999. Of the six patients, PTA was being than one runoff vessel, the technique of ''push and performed for critical ischaemia in five and inpark'' becomes applicable. The same 8F non-tapered termittent claudication in one. One thousand and catheter without the wire is used to push the embolus. twenty-seven angioplasties were performed during The favoured straight path usually lands the embolus this period. In patients with thromboembolic cominto the peroneal artery. The aim is to leave at least plications, aspiration was successful in 68% of attempts one remaining vessel with free flow. Placing the wire with the technique of push and park used in 21%. Of the remaining 11%, two patients went on to have into the artery with the poorest distal circulation may below knee amputations, one patient had a surgical allow selection of the vessel into which the embolus is pushed and has been adopted for future cases. Modifying the technique in this way would have the ∗ Please address all correspondence to: A. Higginson, Department of Radiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. added advantage of avoiding pushing the catheter


Coronavirus
By 23 January 2020, China had imposed a national emergency response to restrict travel and impose social distancing measures on its populace in an attempt to inhibit the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, which measures were most effective is uncertain. Tian et al. performed a quantitative analysis of the impact of control measures between 31 December 2019 and 19 February 2020, which encompasses the Lunar New Year period when millions of people traveled across China for family visits. Travel restrictions in and out of Wuhan were too late to prevent the spread of the virus to 262 cities within 28 days. However, the epidemic peaked in Hubei province on 4 February 2020, indicating that measures such as closing citywide public transport and entertainment venues and banning public gatherings combined to avert hundreds of thousands of cases of infection. It is unlikely that this decline happened because the supply of susceptible people was exhausted, so relaxing control measures could lead to a resurgence.

Science , this issue p. [638][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb6105


Visible light communications (VLCs) are a promising technology to address the spectrum crunch problem in radio frequency networks. A major advantage of VLC networks is that they can use the existing lighting infrastructure in indoor environments, which may have large number of LEDs for illumination. While LEDs used for lighting typically have limited bandwidth, presence of many LEDs can be exploited for indoor VLC networks, to serve each user by multiple LEDs for improving link quality and throughput. In this paper, LEDs are grouped and assigned to the users based on received signal strength from each LED, for which different solutions are proposed to achieve maximum throughput, proportional fairness, and quality of service. Additionally, power optimization of LEDs for a given assignment is investigated, and the Jacobian and Hessian matrices of the corresponding optimization problem are derived. Moreover, for multi-element receivers with LED grouping at the transmitter, an improved optimal combining method is proposed. This method suppresses interference caused by simultaneous data transfer of LEDs and improves the overall signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio by 2–5 dB. Lastly, an efficient calculation of channel response is presented to simulate multipath VLC channel with low computational complexity.


1. SUMMARY sustainable use of tallgrass prairie. Accurate forecasts of seasonal total precipitation could serve as useful management tools, particularly if such measures of precipitation could be related to forage production. This study examined the effects of paddock management and timing of precipitation on forage composition in a tallgrass prairie, and the accuracy of regional 3-month precipitation forecasts. This study described how paddock management and precipitation patterns affected forage composition of a southern tallgrass prairie in 1984-1995, and examined regional 3-month total precipitation forecasts from 19952001 for their potential as a management tool. Forage composition varied during the study. Large changes occurred in 1988-89, due to a short dry period, and persisted through 1995. The dominant forage groups were correlated with precipitation during different quarters, which interacted with management to cause paddock differences. Experimental 3-month forecasts did not accurately predict precipitation of La Niña events during 1995-2001. If these forecasts could be improved, they would be useful tools for drought management. 3. METHODS


Ultrasonography is a valuable diagnosis method for thyroid nodules. Automatically discriminating benign and malignant nodules in the ultrasound images can provide aided diagnosis suggestions, or increase the diagnosis accuracy when lack of experts. The core problem in this issue is how to capture appropriate features for this specific task. Here, we propose a feature extraction method for ultrasound images based on the convolution neural networks (CNNs), try to introduce more meaningful and specific features to the classification. A CNN model trained with ImageNet data is transferred to the ultrasound image domain, to generate semantic deep features under small sample condition. Then, we combine those deep features with conventional features such as Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) together to form a hybrid feature space. Furthermore, to make the general deep features more pertinent to our problem, a feature subset selection process is employed for the hybrid nodule classification, followed by a detailed discussion on the influence of feature number and feature composition method. Experimental results on 1037 images show that the accuracy of our proposed method is 0.929, which outperforms other relative methods by over 10%.


Viewed in terms of its historical and contemporary disease burden, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is undeniably the most successful human pathogen. Molecular paleoarchaeologic evidence clearly identified MTB as the cause of lesions in 5,000-year-old mummies. Over recorded history, the burden of MTB has been staggering. In Europe the mortality was between 200 and 300 per 100,000 at the beginning of the 19th century. Today, tuberculosis still remains an important cause of morbidity and has been displaced from the position of leading infectious cause of death only by the accounting policies of the World Health Organization, which attribute tuberculosis deaths to human immunodeficiency virus in the increasing number of coinfected persons. The future is not brighter. The most optimistic scenarios predict in excess of 80 million new cases and 20 million deaths in the coming decade, 95% of which will occur in resource-poor countries.

After decades of neglect, a resurgence of tuberculosis in industrialized countries reinvigorated research efforts, and tuberculosis is now back on the cutting edge of science. Molecular epidemiologic approaches have provided novel insights into the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis and have helped to refocus and refine control practices. These studies highlighted old evidence that there is significant variability in the clinical and epidemiologic consequences of infection with MTB. In the near future, mycobacteria are likely to be one of the most deeply sequenced pathogenic groups. The complete genomes of two MTB isolates are now available, and the sequencing of isolates of M. bovis, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M. smegmatis, M. paratuberculosis, M. leprae, M. marinum, M. ulcerans, and M. avium are somewhere between contemplated and completed.

Although much is known about environmental and host factors that contribute to infection and disease variability, little is know about the bacteria's role. Given recent advances, we are now poised to explore the nature and consequences of genetic variability in MTB. Here, we review the data supporting phenotypic and genotypic diversity of laboratory and natural strains of MTB and our understanding of the relationship between them.


To be or not to be - the question of existential subject in Finnish (englanti) 3/1996 (100) Marja-Liisa Helasvuo To be or not to be - the question of existential subject in Finnish There is a wealth of research on so-called existential clauses (henceforth: e-clauses) in Finnish. This article examines the nominal constituents in e-clauses from the viewpoint of their use in conversational discourse. Under discussion are contructions which instantiate the following schema: NP[loc] + V[exist.] + NP[nom/ptv] (e-NP) Schemas are assumed to be conventionalized patterns of language use, of which e-clauses represent one example. The aim of the article is to investigate why this particular pattern is needed in discourse. I have approached this question by looking at what kind of referents e-clauses bring into discourse and how these referents are treated after being introduced. In the literature, the syntactic function of the postverbal NP (henceforth: e-NP) has been under dispute, but according to the prevalent view, it is a subject. This paper compares the e-NP to both the subject and the object and shows that the discourse functions it serves are quite different from those of subject and object. It also differs from subject and object in its coding properties. For this study, I collected data from six conversations between speakers of Finnish. From this data I extracted smaller segments for closer analysis, together comprising a database of approx. 40 minutes of spoken interaction. In the database, there were 85 e-clauses (constructions with a locative NP + V + e-NP). It has been proposed that e-clauses function to introduce new referents into discourse in the e-NP role (Whmki 1975). This claim is also supported by the present study: the majority of e-NPs refer to referents new to the discourse and these referents are mainly non-human. These information flow features (i.e. preference for new mentions and non-human referents) characterize not only e-NPs but also NPs in the object role. In contrast, NPs in the subject role refer mainly to referents that have already been mentioned in the discourse. Subject NPs usually refer to human referents which are being tracked in the discourse. Thus, subject NPs lack certain information flow features that object NPs and e-NPs share. However, if we study how the referents are treated in the discourse after being introduced, we can see an interesting pattern: referents that are introduced into the discourse in the e-NP role are usually not tracked in the discourse; instead, they are dropped after one mention in the e-NP role. In other words, they do not seem to be central participants in the discourse. In contrast, referents that are first introduced in the object role are usually mentioned several times during the discourse. If referents first mentioned in the e-NP role are usually not mentioned again, why are they introduced into the discourse at all? Huumo (1996) looks at e-clauses from the viewpoint of the semantics of the locative NP. According to him, an e-construction "states a predication about the locative space by reporting its content". From a discourse point of view we could say that the locative NP is the starting point (Chafe 1994) or reference point (Langacker 1995) of the construction from which the predication proceeds. The locative NP usually refers to a referent which has already been mentioned in the discourse. In an e-clause, a relationship is established between the locative space and a new referent expressed in the e-NP role. This paper argues that e-NPs serve to characterize the referent of the locative NP by situating a new referent in the locative space referred to by the locative NP. Thus, e-NPs serve to characterize locative space rather than introduce new participants into the discourse. It is only natural, then, that the referents of e-NPs are usually not tracked in the discourse, but mentioned only once. In this respect e-NPs differ from NPs in the core roles, from both subjects and objects. In Finnish linguistics, e-NPs have traditionally been analyzed as subjects. There are problems with this view and these have also been discussed in the literature. Despite the problems, there has been a preference for rather a broad definition of subject that includes inter alia e-NPs. This article argues for the alternative view which assumes that only nominative NPs which can trigger agreement with the verb are subjects. This narrow definition of subject allows us to give a more unified account of the syntactic and information flow characteristics of NPs in the subject role. As these characteristics are not shared by e-NPs, e-NPs should not be regarded as subjects. To summarize, this article shows that although e-clauses do introduce new referents into the discourse, the referents are not central to the discourse, but instead, they are mentioned only once. What seems more central is the locative NP: it is the one that is being tracked in the discourse. It serves as the starting point of the clause. In an e-clause, the locative space referred to by the locative NP is characterized by relating to it a new referent that is expressed by the e-NP. There has been a long-standing dispute over the syntactic function of the e-NP. The subject role as defined in this paper is characterized by syntactic features that are independent of clause type. In contrast, in order to understand the grammaticization of the e-NP, reference has to be made to the notion of clause type: the whole clause type has been grammaticized. In an e-clause, the case marking and position of the e-NP have been crystallized as well as the choice of the verb ( olla 'to be' and certain other verbs) and the position and case marking of the locative NP.


: Saradindu Bandyopadhyay, a great Bengali litterateur, is best known for two immensely popular characters: Baroda, the bhutanweshi or ghost-hunter, and Byomkesh Bakshi, the satyanweshi or truth-seeker. The contexts within which these two personalities function, however, are completely different. While Byomkesh Bakshi, the detective, employs his scientific and logical reasoning abilities to uncover the truth and solve the case, Baroda is confronted with supernatural happenings in his life and begins to recount his occult experiences, which are devoid of any apparent sense. Nonetheless, the author provides a new perspective when these two fictional characters face off in an attempt to show the superiority of their own beliefs and thought processes. Pather Panchali by Satyajit Ray, on the other hand, is the other text picked. The nature of ordinary life in a Bengali village will be investigated using text analysis. The images of rural life depicted in the selected novel will be examined, along with their culture and rituals, superstitions, festivals, and celebrations. The way the characters are socially and culturally produced and located in poverty will be contrasted with earlier Bengal. Also, how they react to their circumstances, as well as how poverty affects their means of expression and modifies their relationships. Memory will be used to delve at the texts as a record of shared history and as a marker of the past.


Partial Syntheses of Cardenolides and Cardenolide Analogues. I. α,β- and β,γ-Unsaturated Lactone Ring-Methylated Cardenolides

Base-catalyzed methylation of digitoxigenin 1a with methyl iodide and sodium hydride in DMF leads to the α,β-unsaturated cardenolides 2–5 and, after rearrangement of the CC-double bond, to the β,γ-unsaturated cardenolides 6 and 7. Opening of the lactone ring results in the formation of 8. Allylic oxidation of 4b affords the 14,21-epoxide 10. Only the 22-methyl derivative 4a and its 3-O-tridigitoxoside 4d show strong biological effectivity, whereas methylation at 21R- or 21S-position results in considerable loss in activity.


Defines the ionsphere and describes its three horizontal layers or regions, distinguished by physical characteristics and ionization processes: as quiet D, E and F regions and as disturbed D, E and F regions when there is a disturbed sun (sunspot magma). Representative research techniques are characterized: all-sky camera, auroral spectroscopy, ionosonde, riometer, VHF forward scatter, auroral radar, whistlers, balloons and rockets. Some of the research problems are: the magnetospheric model, auroral theory, and the polar substorm. Programs needed include routine recording, a polar meridian net and experiments utilizing satellites and rockets, all of which can use support of the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory at Barrow, Alaska.


With the unceasing development of the technique of pellet production and the continuously-rising of the level of manufacturing equipment both at home and abroad, the proportion of utilizing the equipment such as the grate, rotary kiln and annular cooler has been enlarging. The paper goes deep into discussing about the automatic controlling system of the pellet production of the technology of grate, rotary kiln and annular cooler. During the practicing on the fields in the Iron and Steel Companies of Liuzhou, Chongqing and Handan, using the technics of the industrial computers, Ethernet and PLC to form systematic hardware configuration, network configuration, the centralized management and the automation control so as to realize the automation of the pellet production of the technology of grate, rotary kiln and annular cooler.


The design of an ultrastable but inexpensive air‐supported turntable for rotating fluid dynamics experiments is presented. The rotational stability of this turntable is a few parts in 105, about an order of magnitude better than other turntables commonly in use.


Because future pension expense can have a material influence on a firm's future earnings, financial analysts are faced with the difficult task of forecasting its impact. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a model that can be used with a simulation approach to predict future pension expense and its associated uncertainties. Because of the importance and complexity of the pension expense component in the estimate of future earnings, a simulation model acts as a powerful analytical tool that can give the analyst greater confidence as to the magnitude and variability of future pension expense.


This research was conducted to solve the students' problems in speaking. It is to improve the students' ability in speaking through story-telling technique by using picture series in terms of content and delivery of the story. The design of  this study was classroom action research which was conducted in two cycles consisting of six meetings. The subjects of this study were students of grade X-9 of MAN 2 Madiun in 2014/2015 academic year. The instruments to collect the data were observation checklists, field notes, speaking task measured using scoring rubrics, and questionnaire. The finding of the study indicated that the implementation of the technique was successful in improving the students' speaking ability, since the criteria of success were achieved. Implementing the story-telling technique using picture series in teaching speaking encompasses several procedures: 1) understanding the narrative text carefully, 2) understanding grammar and difficult words, 3) employing dictions based on its context, 4) discussing the text in groups, 5) using own sentences to deliver story, 6) avoiding mistakes by having picture series, 7) understanding the message or social value of the text, and 8) giving reward to enhance motivation.


Self-referenced frequency-comb generators based on ultrafast fiber lasers enable new approaches to interferometry, owning to their ultralow noise and extreme stability. Benefits for precision spectroscopy over broad spectral bandwidths and for digital holography are presented.


Objective To explore the effects of total flavones of TFH on expression of beclin-1 and LC3 in atherosclerosis rats. And to explore the molecular mechanism of TFH protecting atherosclerosis. Methods Atherosclerosis rats model was established by feeding the animals with a high lipid diet. Take the rat serum for the determination of related parameters of oxidative stress changes,The aorta were taken for pathological sections. The expression of beclin-1 in aorta of Atherosclerosis rats which were affected by TFH were analyzed by Elisa. Results Atherosclerosis rats SOD,Gsh-px and CAT activity were significantly decreased,MDA content increased significantly;TFH and Resveratrol intervention can make SOD,GSH-px and CAT in rats,reduce MDA content;Both Resveratrol and TFH could increase markedly the expression of beclin-1 and LC3 protein in atherosclerosis rats.Conclusion TFH can up-regulate significantly the expression of beclin-1 and LC3 in atherosclerosis rats.


Localized alveolar ridge defect in the partially edentulous maxillary anterior region creates an esthetic challenge for the restorative dentist. The formation of black triangle and residual space at the pontic ridge interface makes the prosthesis esthetically unpleasant and biologically unhealthy. Hence, the surgical correction of localized ridge defect has paramount importance before prosthetic replacement.


Physical separation is a technology to produce valuable metal powder from metals included in waste products. Many separation technologies are already used in conventional recycling processes for the recovery of common and precious metals. However, there are few separation technologies for the recovery of expensive metals such as tantalum and rare earth metals, which are called "rare-metals" in Japan, from small domestic appliances (SDAs). Advanced grinding, sorting and separation techniques have been investigated in our research group in order to recycle these metals from SDAs. Our representative studies for advanced physical separation processes are introduced, and the future picture of physical separation which we have painted is described in this report.


We generalize Laurent monomials to toric quasifolds, a special class of highly singular spaces that extend simplicial toric varieties to the nonrational setting.


In this paper,we constructed the indexes of evaluating the competitiveness of marine high-tech industries,and estimated the marine high-tech industrial competitiveness of eleven coastal provinces in China by the factor analysis,based on the 2006 and 2010's statistical data.The result has shown that the key factors that impact the competitiveness of Chinese marine high-tech industries included scale-output capability,policy environment and potential development and there were uneven in the development of the different provinces.In the end,the corresponding conclusions and recommendations were put forward.


In this paper a new high-speed analog summing circuit will be introduced in brief. It can receive multi-channel analog signals and processes them to sum. It will output a signal of 50mV for each channel when it is trigged by low amplitude signals (≥20mV). The impedance of analog summing circuit is 50Ω. The summing circuit delay 19ns. The output signal of circuit can be used on the system of datum acquisition to MUDAL to generate trigger signal. It also can be used to discriminate multi-coincidence events.


Three outbreaks of nitrate poisoning are reported from the semiarid region of the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. One outbreak caused by Echinochloa polystachya (capim-mandante) and two others caused by Pennisetum purpureum (capim-elefante) occurred at the end of the dry season, after the first rains. In one of the outbreaks caused by Pennisetum purpureum part of the pasture had been fertilized with cattle manure. Five out of 11 cattle died on one farm, 27 out of 81 on another, and 3 out of 9 on a third one. Clinical signs were anorexia, respiratory distress, teeth grinding, depression or hyperexitability, tremors, abdominal contractions, salivation, nasal discharge, uncoordinated gait, cyanosis, and finally recumbency. Nitrates and nitrites in the blood of affected cattle and pastures were determined by the diphenylamine test. It is suggested that the main reason for nitrate accumulation in the grasses was the prolonged draught followed by rain. In one of the outbreaks caused by Pennisetum purpureum, another reason was probably the fertilization of the soil with cattle manure.