Downtilting base station antennas is frequently done in mobile communications systems to prevent interference to other cell sites and to attain better coverage below a high-elevation antenna site. The downtilt can be a solution for cochannel interference in many situations. As use increases, downtilting base station antennas could become even more common. For omnidirectional antennas, it is usually best to use electrical downtilt. For directional antennas, mechanical downtilt is often used. Mechanical tilt is used when flexibility in changing the downtilt is desired. The electrical tilt is usually fixed at a set angle at the time of manufacture. This is changing now that antennas with adjustable electrical tilt are being introduced. A normal base station antenna may lose approximately 1 dB of gain from tilt.<<ETX>>


The article deals with the phenomenon of priming, its effects in obtaining and evaluating the testimony of interrogated persons in criminal cases. The problem of obtaining evidence is central to the criminal process and is considered as a system of actions of participants in the preliminary investigation related to the knowledge and modeling of past events, forecasting the investigation process in the future and obtaining evidentiary and orienting information. The analysis of the studied materials of criminal cases on 1,300 crimes against life and health, sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual showed that, in the structure of evidence, the testimony of witnesses, victims, accused persons (suspects) occupies more than a half (54.7%). An important role in obtaining and evaluating the testimony of persons questioned in a criminal case is played by priming, which promotes the activation of behavioral and trace manifestations of human memory in order to reproduce complete and objective forensically significant information in the testimony. The object of the study was the activity of the interrogator and the interrogated person video recorded during the criminal proceedings in the situation of interrogation. The empirical basis of the study was materials of more than 250 criminal cases (murders, rapes, crimes against property, etc.), of which more than 302 video materials of interrogations were viewed. When the interrogated person is ready to give evidence, but for some reason (physiological, psychological) cannot do it, the use of priming effects will help to change this situation in a favorable direction. In conflict situations of interrogation, the use of priming effects helps to correct the unconscious manifestations of psychological defenses, reduce the manifestations of psychological trauma, and establish psychological contact. The analysis of the content of information at an unconscious level, the search for features and categories (comparison with memory standards) is associated with the detection of this information in the space (array) of implicit memory; at the same time, the criteria for such a selection are determined by long-term memory that preserves standards, motivational attitudes and ways of processing input information. Local effects of unconscious information are reflected in conscious cognitive activity, especially in the study of investigative situations. The use of such tactics contributes to the investigation of crimes. The potential for using priming effects in conducting investigative actions aimed at obtaining the testimony of participants in the pretrial stage of criminal proceedings (witnesses, victims, suspects, accused persons) expands the possibilities for obtaining information. The tactic of using priming in the investigation of criminal acts requires a deeper scientific study and experimental confirmation.


【Task】 Is to improve a device for producing a metal strip by continuous casting under use of a milling machine for optimal plate for steel strips processed into a plate for billet inherent stiffness can be realized. A This invention comprises a casting machine (2) the plate for steel strip (3) is cast, at least one milling machine to the rear of the casting machine (2) in the conveying direction of the plate for steel strip (3) (F) (4) has been arranged, at least one of the upper surface of the plate for the steel strip in the milling machine (3), in particular with two opposed position to the upper surface could be milled to an apparatus for producing a metal strip by continuous casting . Especially in the plate for steel strip relative specific rigidity, in order to ensure qualitatively high-quality surface treatment of by milling, the present invention is in the area of at least one milling cutter milling machine (4) (5) is not one of the scrap unloading device (6) is arranged, the milling has been transversely to the conveying direction (F) of the waste (7) Oyobi upward / or plate for steel strip (3) (Q) contemplated to be carried away from the area of the milling cutter (5).


This paper presents a new approach to select the low frequency switching optimum PWM patterns in a voltage-source-fed PWM inverter for large capacity utility interactive power conditioner which is to be specified under a condition of minimized THD of output-side line voltage in order to suppress higher harmonic voltage and current components. A feasible test is implemented for utility-power source by using a trially-produced three-phase optimized PWM inverter with low-pass filter using IGBTs which is designed for high power application. It is verified that low frequency switching optimized PWM patterns are effective in minimizing higher harmonic voltage components in terms of a compact low-pass filter. Furthermore, this experimental work provides high efficient and high-power quality DC/AC converter characteristics. It is also proved that this optimum PWM pattern under a low frequency switching scheme has excellent voltage and current waveform performances as compared to voltage-fed inverters operating at various types of PWM patterns.


Network emulators are often used tools for different kinds of experiments, for example testing network protocols and studying application behavior under certain network conditions. It is crucial for network emulators to work according to their specifications in order to ensure reliability and reproducibility of the performed experiments. This paper therefore evaluates the accuracy and performance of current well-established network emulators, including hardware and software solutions. The results show that no emulator reproduces all effects perfectly. Although the accuracy is acceptable in general, we finally analyzed strengths and weaknesses of the different solutions. Other researchers can use our measurement results to choose the right emulator for their experiments.


In the proposed work, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the various parameters involved in introduction of multi type FACTS devices in a power system. The various parameters taken into consideration are the location of the devices in transmission lines, their types, settings and installation cost of the devices. The simulation is performed on a 6 bus and IEEE 30 bus systems with two types of FACTS devices modelled for steady state studies.


One group of biological tools that are useful for monitoring exposure to xenobiotics (and hence water quality) have been collectively referred to as biomarkers and are denned in this paper as any biochemical, histological and/or physiological alterations or manifestations of stress. Biomarkers within an aquatic toxicological context generally represent biological responses of individual organisms to xenobiotic exposure (i. e. responses at the whole organism level of biological organization). These include among others, enzyme alterations, bile metabolites, RNA/DNA ratio, adenylate energy charge, skeletal abnormalities, immune dysfunction, behavioural changes and histopathological lesions. Biomarkers can act as effective early warning sentinels to ensure the protection of the integrity of whole ecosystems, including freshwater and marine ecosystems.

This paper briefly reviews a selection of fish biomarkers of xenobiotic chemical exposure and discusses their respective strengths and limitations for use in biomonitoring. An example of the application of fish mixed-function oxidase (MFO) and cytochrome P-450 as biomarkers of chemical exposure in Port Phillip Bay is provided. It is concluded that judicious application of biomarkers such as MFO in association with an understanding of the underlying causal mechanisms of induction and toxicity, will contribute to the successful prediction of biological effects of xenobiotic exposure on fish population health.


The combination of immune related diseases is well known. The renal damage is not frequent in patients with psoriasis, but cases of IgA, membranous, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and FSGS are described. We present five cases of this association: two mesangioproliferative GN with and without IgA deposition, one membranous GN, one FSGS and one lupus nephropathy. All of them were treated with immunomodulatory therapy with good results in 4 patients concerning renal injury and amelioration of skin damages in all. Because of restricted number of cases and lack of specific histological manifestations, the existence of psoriatic nephropathy remains uncertain. In view of the large heterogeneity in our material and in the literature, we are more likely to assume that this is a more frequently association of immune diseases with link points in their immune pathogenesis.


ABSTRACT For a conversational robot, conveying its intention explicitly to the communicating human is one of the most important but challenging tasks in the field of human–robot interaction (HRI). Expressing the robot's current mental state or feeling while conversing may help achieve a more effective communication. In this study, a robot equipped with a projecting system is implemented, in which the mental state of the robot is projected onto the backside wall to better convey its intention. To verify the effectiveness of the implemented system, as a first step, the effect of projecting only the text of the robot's speech on the subjective evaluation of the communicating human was examined from different aspects of the robot. To this end, two experiments were conducted: a video watching experiment, in which several human subjects watched a video of a speaking robot equipped with the projecting system, and a participating experiment, in which a limited number of human subjects participated in listening to the speech of such a robot in a real-world environment. The experimental results revealed that the projection of the speech information can improve some elements of the human perception of the robot's speech and mind. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The decision making problem ordinarily described by interval grey numbers using grey theory is dealt with and extended.The comparable principle and norm between interval grey numbers are constructed.Then an α-PROMETHEE method and its application based-on interval grey numbers are proposed,and the purpose of multi-attribute group decision making and information fusion based on interval grey numbers is achieved.


This paper presents a power disturbance detection and classification method based on Time-Frequency analysis. We will discuss how the choice the kernels affect the characteristic of the distribution function. Here we consider a non-stationary testing harmonic composed of a fundamental frequency of 50Hz and its second and third harmonic frequency components. The 50Hz signal is on for the entire record extending from 0 to 1second, while the 100Hz signal is from 100ms to 350 ms and 200Hz signal is from 200ms to 550ms. As for comparison, we will use the same testing signal for different type of kernels. This technique has been applied in a substation monitoring and management system which monitors the power quality at the substation as well as the street lighting panel.


Optical trapping and rotation of resonant nanoparticles combined with determination of its internal and external temperatures create a perfect platform for study of rheology, temperature and basic thermodynamics in the micro- and nanoscale.


This paper investigated the relation among urbanization,economic growth and structure by using cross-national data.It emphasized China's features and forecasted China's future of urbanization.The world experience showed that the urbanization follows S-shaped curve with economy and China's economy is currently in the fastest urbanization period.Urbanization plays an important role in the transition of economic structure.It boosts domestic consumption and tertiary industry.Compared with the world experience,China has obviously high investment rate,high ratio of secondary industry over GDP and low consumption rate.We found that there is a co-integration among urbanization,per capita GDP and capital stock.Per capita GDP increases 2.25% as urban rate grows up 1%.According to the dynamic relation,we forecasted that the population in urban area would exceed that in rural area in 2012.


The study shows that traditional authority is indeed at the crossroads of governance in republican Cameroon. The citizen is bound by both modern law and traditional values; even if political theorists and leaders of republican institutions take objection to certain traditional values and seem to find difficulty over whether/how to formally integrate traditional authorities into the realm of the republic. Traditional authority incarnates a reassuring institutional stability and certainty to the masses, which elected officers (who come and go) do not provide in republican institutions. The vast majority of the population feels distant from the concept of 'republic' at grassroots level, where traditional authority remains the de facto institution of local governance. Based on empirical findings that highlight the important role that traditional authorities play in local development, the paper submits that traditional authorities should be formally integrated into the republican institutional setting by effectively constituting the first level of decentralized institutions of governance.


AIM AND OBJECTIVE:Reason for choosing diabetes mellitus that few medications in clinical practice for
the treatment, a hefty portion of these oral hostile to diabetic segment have been accounted
for to demonstrate genuine antagonistic side effects. It is obvious that because of the
reactions of the presently utilized medications, there is a requirement for a strong
medication with negligible unfavorable impacts, which can be taken for long time. Plant
materials which are being utilized as customary pharmaceutical for the treatment of diabetes
are viewed as one of the great barriers for another medication or a prompt make another
medication. All through the world numerous conventional plant medicines for diabetes
exists. In any case, few have gotten logical or therapeutic investigation and the WHO has
prescribed that customary plant medications for diabetes warrant promote assessment and
logical approval. Presently I have under taken the investigation of "Assessment of
antidiabetic of alcoholic, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate concentrates of Averrhoa
carambola leaves on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. To meet this aim we framed
following objectives.OBJECTIVES: To Extract the Averrhoa carambola using different solvent by Mantox Hapter
To Study the prelimmery phyto chemical screening of Averrhoe carambola
To Evaluate the In vitro Anti diabetic study of Averrhoe carambola
To Evaluate the In vivo Anti diabetic study of Averrhoe carambol SUMMARY:The leaf extraction was done by sequential extraction method the leaves of
Averrhoa carambola using the solvent with increasing polarity order (petroleum ether, ethyl
acetate and ethanol) and the active extract was tested by in vitro & in vivo antidiabetic
screening method. The in vitro antidiabetic studies have been performed based on the α-
amylase inhibition assay. Each extracts were tested for α-amylase inhibition and the extract
with minimum IC50 has been undergone phyto chemical screening. The procedure was
followed by OECD maximum safe dose (2000mg/kg) were selected for further study. Finally
the invivo antidiabetic activity of Ethanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola leaf was tested by
using Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. Acute toxicity study was carried out in rats. Fasting
blood sample were drawn from retino orbital puncture of rats at weekly intervals till the end
of the study 1,7 and 14 days. On these days fasting blood glucose were collected and
analysed for glucose. At the end of the study (14th day) the ethanolic extract of Averrhoa
carambola leaf (200mg/kg p.o and 400 mg/kg p.o) treated diabetic groups showed
statistically significant decrease in blood glucose similar to the standard drug glibenclamide
(2mg/kg), which indicated block the alfa amyalase activity and antagonize the Streptozotocin
action.The present study suggested that the isolation of active constituents from ethanolic
extract of Averrhoa carambola leaf and characterize the compounds by using preliminary
phytochemical studies.CONCLUSION:In this current study, antidiabetic activity of both in vitro and in vivo has been
studied for the Averrhoa carambola leaves, the ethanolic of higher concentration has
shown the increased activity as compared with the standard drug and the control.
Hence, the leaves of Averrhoa carambola has got the potential hypoglycaemic
activity and can be safely used in diabetes induced animal model and it is less toxic
even at higher concentration. Hence the glucose lowering activity of this Averrhoa
carambola may be utilized for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.


Abstract In this paper we deal with positive singular solutions to semilinear elliptic problems involving a first-order term and a singular nonlinearity. Exploiting a fine adaptation of the well-known moving plane method of Alexandrov–Serrin and a careful choice of the cutoff functions, we deduce symmetry and monotonicity properties of the solutions.


The present invention relates to a power tool (100) multifunction for carrying out work, especially outdoors, comprising: - a functional part (102), called the tool head, and - a main part (104), called body, comprising at least one electric motor (106), adapted to interchangeably receive a plurality of tool heads (102); characterized in that said body (104) comprises a male or female type body connection interface adapted to removably or removably receive a male or female male type tool head connection interface (110). A multifunctional tool is in particular a tool for treating green spaces.


ABSTRACT Aerosolization of pentamidine is a promising novel treatment and prophylactic agent for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Before aerosolization can be accepted as standard therapy, issues of targeting, pharmacokinetics, delivery systems, efficacy compared to standard therapies, and safety must be answered. Two factors favor a 1-2 micron MMAD aerosol as ideal, the first is high alveolar deposition, the second is low airway deposition, the former because the alveolus is the habitat of P. carinii, the latter because pentamidine isethionate is an airway irritant. Pharmacokinetic studies of aerosolized pentamidine in both animals and human with aerosols in this size range have documented a long alveolar half life and high alveolar levels in patients or animals with or without acute P. carinii pneumonia. Current nebulizers are limited by either poor efficiency or large particles that increase the incidence of cough or bronchospasm. Pilot studies of aerosolized pentamidine for treatment of P. carinii pneu...


Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a common metabolic disorder with an increasing incidence in North America and many other countries. Of the two major forms of diabetes, NIDDM is far more common, accounting for 80% to 90% of those diagnosed with diabetes. Despite an improved understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to the development of hyperglycemia in NIDDM and the availability of therapeutic strategies to treat this disorder, most patients remain under less than ideal metabolic control [1]. The failure to achieve glycemic regulation is multifactorial in origin but is rooted to some extent in the long-held misconception that NIDDM is a mild, easily treated disease. In addition, only recently have the full metabolic nature and ramifications of NIDDM been recognized and appreciated. The hyperglycemia of NIDDM is often associated with other metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired fibrinolysis, all of which favor the development of diabetic complications and premature cardiovascular disease [2]. Furthermore, hyperglycemia itself contributes to perpetuating hyperglycemia through its ability to increase insulin resistance and reduce insulin secretion, thus enhancing the pathophysiologic abnormalities causing NIDDM. This glucotoxicity is discussed further below. Any approach to intensive NIDDM management must consider all of these aspects and be multifaceted in nature. (In this article, the term intensive refers to the extent to which all aspects of diabetes care are applied to achieve normal or near-normal glycemia.) Obviously, NIDDM is not a benign condition. Other articles in this supplement review the high incidence of morbidity and mortality accompanying NIDDM. Although it has been recognized that those persons with the highest levels of hyperglycemia are at the greatest risk for developing complications, evidence confirming the benefits of intensive glycemic management has only recently become available. Both the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study [3] and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) [4] were long-term studies designed to evaluate whether intensive insulin therapy with near normalization of glycemia influenced the microvascular and neurologic complications of IDDM. Both studies have provided compelling evidence that near normalization of blood glucose levels can delay the development and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with IDDM. A major question derived from these studies is whether the conclusions about the benefits of glycemic management are applicable to persons with NIDDM as well. Substantial evidence reviewed elsewhere in this supplement indicates that the severity and duration of hyperglycemia is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in both forms of diabetes. Thus, it seems warranted to expect that patients with NIDDM would also benefit from improved glycemic control and to advise that management strategies should be instituted to achieve the best possible glycemic control. This review focuses on how glucose control and insulin resistance interact and, specifically, how each influences the application of intensive glycemic management in NIDDM. How poor glucose control affects the severity of insulin resistance and how insulin resistance influences the achievement of good glucose control are considered. Most comments in this article refer primarily to obese patients with NIDDM. although they may also be applicable to nonobese patients with NIDDM. The management and influence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia and clotting abnormalities that commonly accompany NIDDM have recently been reviewed and are not considered in this article [5]. However, several treatment modalities used to improve metabolic control in NIDDM, including diet, exercise, and various pharmacologic therapies, are commented on briefly before discussing insulin use in the intensive management of hyperglycemia in NIDDM. Pathophysiology of NIDDM Before proceeding to discuss the treatment approaches used for intensive management of hyperglycemia in NIDDM, understanding the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia in NIDDM is essential. Three basic abnormalities that characterize NIDDM contribute to the development of hyperglycemia [6] (Figure 1), including excessive glucose production by the liver, impaired insulin secretion, and peripheral insulin resistance primarily occurring in liver, adipose, and muscle tissues. Both obese and nonobese patients with NIDDM have the same underlying pathophysiology, but their expression and contribution to the development of hyperglycemia may differ. Figure 1. Mechanisms of hyperglycemia in NIDDM. In obese patients with NIDDM, severe insulin resistance in the liver and peripheral tissues predominates. Although the pancreas may produce a large quantity of insulin, it is insufficient to overcome the severe insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia ensues. In contrast, nonobese patients with NIDDM tend to have milder degrees of insulin resistance with hypoinsulinemia caused by deficient insulin secretion as the predominant abnormality. The extent or severity of each of these abnormalities also varies within individuals and accounts for the wide range of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemic levels that occur. Understanding these pathophysiologic variants of NIDDM is important because the strategies used to implement intensive management can be influenced by the different patterns of clinical expression. Insulin therapy can be effective for both forms of NIDDM, but the amount of exogenous insulin needed to achieve glycemic control in obese patients with NIDDM is usually large to overcome the severe insulin resistance. Goals of Intensive Therapy in NIDDM Once the results of the Stockholm [3] and DCCT [4] studies became available, there was widespread acceptance that normoglycemia should be the goal of therapy for IDDM. This enthusiasm for normoglycemia has also been transferred to the management of NIDDM, as is evident from the recent recommendations of the American Diabetes Association [7]. In their previous advocated therapeutic objectives [8], a fasting or preprandial glucose level of 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) and a glycosylated hemoglobin level of 8% were deemed acceptable. The new goals for glycemic control are a fasting (preprandial) glucose level of less than 6.7 mmol/L (< 120 mg/dL) and a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7% (normal range, 4% to 6%). The scientific rationale for these goals in NIDDM is the reasonable assumption that benefits comparable to those shown for IDDM may result. However, as reviewed by Colwell in this supplement (see The Feasibility of Intensive Insulin Management in NIDDM: Implications of the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in NIDDM), the pathophysiologic differences between the two types of diabetes usually require that much larger doses of exogenous insulin be used to reach these glycemic targets in NIDDM as compared with IDDM, especially in obese patients. As discussed later, the administration of these larger doses may cause adverse effects. Glucose Toxicity Chronic hyperglycemia, in addition to being a marker of uncontrolled diabetes, is now recognized as having deleterious effects on insulin secretion and action and, as such, is a self-perpetuating abnormality (glucotoxicity). Thus, in addition to the potential for reducing the long-term complications of diabetes, reducing hyperglycemia may also be expected to decrease the insulin resistance and the reduced insulin secretion underlying the disease. Therapy of Hyperglycemia Weight Loss Weight loss is one of the most effective forms of therapy for obese patients with NIDDM, particularly when it is combined with an exercise program as part of a multidisciplinary team approach. Even modest amounts of weight loss reduce day-long glycemia in most obese patients with NIDDM by reducing elevated hepatic glucose output, improving insulin secretion, and increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity [9]. Two effects of diet and weight loss therapy need to be distinguished. After the start of hypocaloric diet therapy for NIDDM, a prompt and often dramatic decrease in the serum glucose level may occur, primarily from reduced hepatic glucose output. With more prolonged caloric restriction and weight loss, both lean and fat mass are reduced, and tissue insulin sensitivity is enhanced. Despite the impressive and often dramatic benefits from weight loss, the ability of persons to maintain lower weight and metabolic benefits for prolonged periods has been limited. Weight loss and prevention of weight gain should continue to be encouraged as part of a comprehensive treatment program, but it is doubtful whether this form of therapy alone is sufficient to achieve or maintain the earlier stated glycemic goals in most obese patients with NIDDM. Oral Antidiabetic Agents Until recently, only the sulfonylurea class of glucose-lowering medications was available for oral treatment of hyperglycemia of NIDDM not controlled by diet, exercise therapy, or both. These agents tend to be most efficacious in the early course of diabetes when insulin secretory reserve is present and relative insulin deficiency is not the predominant abnormality. In keeping with this observation, sulfonylureas work primarily by enhancing basal and stimulated insulin secretion, which reduces hepatic glucose output and facilitates peripheral glucose disposal [10]. Prolonged use of sulfonylureas also results in improved insulin action, which is believed to be an effect secondary to improved glycemia and reduced glucotoxicity. Most persons are able to achieve some improvement in glycemic control with sulfonylureas, but achieving and maintaining long-term near-normal glycemia is uncommon with this medication alone. More recently, metformin has been introduced


In the European Union, alcohol advertising directed at young people is controlled by means of guidelines mentioned in the European Council Recommendation. In the Netherlands, the Dutch Advertising Code controls alcohol advertising. The goal of this study was to find out to what extent it is effective to control alcohol advertisements by means of guidelines of the European Council Recommendation on alcohol advertising and the Dutch Advertising Code directed at young people. This study found that young people have a broad knowledge in alcoholic beverages and alcohol advertisements. The results also show that the guidelines of the Council Recommendation and the Dutch Advertising Code were not heavily violated. The perception of young people therefore complies with the Council Recommendation and the Dutch Advertising Code. However, elements that were most appealing to the young people, such as 'humor', 'fun/ good times' and 'dancing/ partying/ celebrating' were not mentioned in the guidelines. Revision of the Council Recommendation and the Dutch Advertising Code is recommended. Introduction Alcohol is the drug of choice among youth. Many young people are experiencing the consequences of drinking too much, at too early an age. As a result, underage drinking is a causal factor in many serious problems. Each year, many young people die because of underage drinking; this includes deaths from motor vehicle crashes, homicides, suicide, as well as other injuries such as falls, burns, and drownings (NHTSA, 2003). The younger people start drinking, the more they are exposed to risky behavior (Austin & Knaus, 2000). The rates of criminal behavior among young people are higher after using alcohol and drinking has negative consequences for school success (Mullahy & Sindelar, 1989). Alcohol use is also associated with unprotected sex and may thus increase the risk that young people will contract sexually transmitted infections including HIV (Lowry et al., 1994). Alcohol use among young people has been linked to sexual victimization, early onset of sexual activity


Treatments: Language, Politics, and the Culture of Illness. In _the most general sense, the field of studies in medical culture belongs to cultural studies: various interdisciplinary approaches are applied to the medical landscape, which may include anatomy and autopsy, surgery and plastic surgery, ill and healthy bodies, disability, doctor-patient relations, pharmaceuticals, and so on, as well as the various venues that represent these topics (art, film, television, drama, narrative). Early in the development of the field, Michel Foucault and Susan Sontag made seminal contribu tions with The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception (1973) and Illness as Metaphor (1978). More recent studies include Elaine Scarry's The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (1985) and Jonathan Sawday's The Body Emblazoned: Dissection and the Human Body in Renaissance Culture (1995). Within this context, Treatments falls into the subfield of illness nar rative while converging with another subfield, studies in disability. Such subject matter tends to be personal and patient-driven and has to do with issues of subjectivity, changes to or loss of the self, recon figurations of the body (say, from abled to disabled), and how the body is (personally) known. Diedrich's book charts the rise of the ill ness narrative, or more precisely, the illness memoir, from its advent in the mid twentieth century to its full-blown materialization today.


Objective:To investgate the cytotoxicity of unsaturated polyphosphoester(UPPE)polymer on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells.Method:MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured either on the β-TCP,UPPE polymer discs for 4,8 and 15 days.The cell viability of each group was measured as optical density by an Alamar Blue viability assay,and normalized to cell culture medial(the control) in order to demonstrate differences in cell viability on the different substrates.Result:For all substrates,the results revealed an increase in cell viability indicating cell proliferation with culture time.The statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the cell viability among three groups(P 0.05).Conclusion:These data show that UPPE polymer is biocompatible of osteoblast cells.


Letter written to Josephine Bahl from John K. Strecker, Jr. in which Strecker, Jr. discusses the upcoming election and his support for William McKinley and the Republican party. He later goes on to talk about dances he attended and says that a woman named Gertrude said that "nearly everybody thought that I was the prettiest dancer."


Background Emerging evidence shows that both genetics and epigenetics play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity. We predicted that integration of genomic and epigenomic data would increas...


DESY is planning to upgrade its current storage ring PETRA III into the ultra-low emittance photon source PETRA IV. The current H6BA cell design for the PETRA IV lattice will allow for insertion devices of up to 4 m length in the standard straight sections. In order to allow some beamlines to not only benefit from the performance improvements by the machine but also from the undulators, we started looking into using advanced undulator schemes as well. We decided to start the design of cryogenically cooled permanent magnet undulators (CPMUs) based on (Nd,Pr)FeB magnets for PETRA IV, since this technique has already been proven successfully by various other facilities. We will present the planned design for the magnet keepers, the pole tuning mechanism as well as a testbed for keepers under cryogenic conditions. We will also show a preliminary design for the in-situ Hall-probe bench currently developed for the upcoming PETRA IV CPMUs.


Simulation of vibroacoustic behavior of submerged bodies necessitates dealing with fluid‐structure coupled problems. In case of a high density of the fluid, the feedback of the acoustic pressure onto the structure cannot be neglected and a fully coupled system must be investigated. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) is used for the structural part. The commercial finite element package ANSYS is applied for setting up the mass and stiffness matrices. The boundary element method (BEM) is well suited for simulating the sound propagation in the unbounded exterior acoustic fluid domain. Here, the fast multipole method (FMM) is applied to overcome the known bottleneck of classical BE‐methods. In the case of partly immersed bodies, Dirichlet boundary conditions on the fluid surface additionally have to be incorporated. This is done by applying a halfspace formulation. The extension of the FMM to this scenario is discussed. Iterative preconditioned solvers are employed and the numerical efficiency is d...


Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolysers have gained attention as efficient and sustainable hydrogen production devices. Understanding their electrical behavior is crucial for optimizing their performance and control strategies. This comprehensive review analyzes both the static and dynamic electrical models, emphasizing the often-neglected dynamic models. Static models reveal steady-state behavior, offering insights into voltage-current characteristics, polarization phenomena, and overall efficiency. On the other hand, dynamic models capture transient responses, enabling an analysis of time-dependent performance and system reactions to input variations, such as flow rate, temperature, pressure, and electrical potential. The review also addresses overlooked diffusion phenomena, crucial for accurate mass transport dynamics and enhancing dynamic model accuracy. Furthermore, the article highlights challenges and research possibilities in electrical modeling, offering insight into future research subjects.


The transport of solutes across cell membranes, including organic nutrients, such as sugar, osmolytes, ions or metabolic waste products, is of extreme importance in allliving systems. Up to 14% of the genome of all organisms represents information for transport proteins, which reflects the impor tance of such process. Transporters are also involved in the transduction of environmental and endogenous signals. Several transport systems have been identified and fully char acterised at both molecular and biophysical levels in a wide variety of living organisms, from bacteria to humans, with the bacterial lactose permease (LacY) being a good example of such successful studies. The majority of transporter proteins are very well conserved throughout living systems, and some of them, such as sugar transporters, belong to a large family (SP, Sugar Porter). In higher plants, the photoassimilated carbon is transported from mature leaves throughout the phloem, mainly in the form of sucrose, as in the grapevine, or mannitol, as in the olive tree, to heterotrophic organs such as developing leaves, flowers, fruits and roots, which rely on its supply for their growth and development. Thus, the unlocking of the mechanisms of photoassimilate transport into plant sink tissues, as well as their regulation, has an important basic and applied relevance. Moreover, as most living organisms, plants also face a continuous battle against adverse environmental factors like increasing soil salinity, heat and drought. In this context, solute transport also has a relevant role in plant defence. For instance, the efficient exclusion of Na


Cyclisation of N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetyl)tryptamine (4) with either phosphorus trichloride, or phosphoryl chloride, affords the spirocyclic indolin (12) together with small amounts of β-carboline derivatives, whereas with trifluoroacetic anhydride as reagent the spirocyclic indoline(13) is formed in quantitative yield.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to delineates workers' labour turnover and considerations around work, in a context of informalisation of work, through a case study of temporary non-resident farm workers in the deciduous fruit sector in Ceres, South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design is a three-phase exploratory sequential mixed-methods strategy. Findings from 29 in-depth interviews were refined, verified and ranked in four focus groups. These informed grounded indicators in a survey of 200 farm workers employed in peak season and their 887 household members.

Findings

Considerations are informed by work-related insecurities, interpersonal workplace relationships and reproductive insecurity in the form of care of others, social linkages and residential insecurity, seemingly hierarchical. The least important considerations most thwart workers' ability to complete fixed-term contracts and account for over 70 per cent of labour turnover in the form of resignations. In sum, workers experience constrained considerations around work arising from their material, social and economic conditions.

Originality/value

This is the first study on the labour turnover of farm workers in South Africa and the fifth globally. The research gives precedence to the voice of farm workers and is a thick description of workers' considerations around work.


Market competition in all sectors of the economy calls for maximum use, activation, optimal implementation of the results of scientific and technical progress- innovations. This is necessary not discrete implementation of innovative projects and development of a new system of interaction of innovative processes in all areas. Purpose of the article is modeling of innovative activities' processes management and development of recommendations to improve its productivity. The authors analyzed the theoretical and methodological aspects of innovative activities' implementation, revealed the structure of innovative activities and the parameters of its implementation. A mathematical model for innovative activities' managing, defining the hierarchy of its connections is proposed. This article is intended for regional leaders, top managers of enterprises, scientists and researchers involved in the innovative development of an economic sector


In consequence of the gradually increasing scarcity of the cortex cinchonæ calysayæ and its chief product quinine, many other barks have been introduced into commerce, which furnish alkaloids having a strong general resemblance in the physical characters of those preparations of them more commonly employed in medicine, but differing widely in medicinal properties and commercial value.


Density, sex and age distribution, recruitment rate and mortality in hares within the hunting grounds of Central Poland were analyzed. Density estimates were made in spring and autumn by a transect census method. Age was determined by a method using lens dry mass. Hares were shot during five hunting seasons (n=754). Sex was determined on the spot.


AUC (area under the ROC curve) optimization algorithms have drawn much attention due to the incredible adaptabil-ity for seriously imbalanced data. Real-world datasets usu- ally contain extensive noisy samples that seriously hinder the model performance, but a limited number of clean samples can be obtained easily. Although some AUC optimization studies make an effort to dispose of noisy samples, they do not utilize such clean samples well. In this paper, we propose a robust AUC optimization algorithm (RAUCO) with good use of available clean samples. Expressly, our RAUCO algorithm can exclude noisy samples from the training by employ- ing the technology of self-paced learning (SPL) under the supervision of clean samples. Moreover, considering the impact of the data enhancement technology on SPL, we innovatively introduce the consistency regularization term to SPL. Theo- retical results on the convergence of our RAUCO algorithm are provided under mild assumptions. Comprehensive exper- iments demonstrate that our RAUCO algorithm holds better robustness than existing algorithms.


Plant diseases detection and management practices are a major concern in the agriculture sector. Automating the process of plant disease detection with acceptable accuracy and speed using computer-aided systems could help develop an early diagnosis while substantially reducing economic losses. Recent advancements in deep neural networks have allowed researchers to drastically improve the accuracy of image classification and recognition systems. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the deep-learning approaches based on the pre-trained convolutional neural network models and the PyTorch framework to classify disease infections in tomato plants. Models such as EfficientNet-B0, ResNext-50_32x4d and MobileNet-V2, which relatively exhibit improved performance under different trade-offs, were tested using images captured with the natural background. Key performance indices were evaluated with varying hyperparameters during training and validation on a GPU-based system. The results show that ResNext-50_32x4d delivers the best accuracy of 90.14% (0.001 LR; 8 Batch Size), with the right hyperparameter optimization, and MobileNet-V2 delivers the lowest loss of 0.356 (0.001 LR; 16 Batch Size) during model validation for the given dataset and system constraints. ResNext-50_32x4d also performs better in inference than the other two models tested. The assessment performed in this paper will help researchers and developers decide on selecting an appropriate model for precision agriculture and smart farming deployments.


Infrasound signal frequency of 0~20 Hz was collected by infrasound signal data collecting system. Sound collecting apparatus transformed the signal into voltage signal correspondingly. The computer analyzed the mainly frequency and the density of the infrasound and also illustrated the results and gave printing curves automatically.


PURPOSE: A method and a device for processing MAC layer and pan device are provided to monitor or display advertised service from a selected service category and/or preference of local providing device after setting MAC or network layer connection. CONSTITUTION: An application interface(412d) permits service category corresponding to an application which will be selected and permits service notification corresponding to an application which will be advertised. A generator logic(142b) generates the service public notice. A MAC(Media Access Control) layer processor(412a) inserts the service public notice to beacon within a local MAC layer of ad-hoc wireless network and receives the advertisement from the other device.


A reliability analysis is given for the emergency decay heat removal system of the Nuclear Ship "Mutsu" and the emergency sea water cooling system of the Nuclear Ship "Savannah", under ten typical nuclear ship accident conditions. Basic event probabilities under these accident conditions are estimated from literature survey. These systems of Mutsu and Savannah have almost the same reliability under the normal condition. The dispersive arrangement of a system is useful to prevent the reduction of the system reliability under the condition of an accident restricted in one room. As for the reliability of these two systems under various accident conditions, it is seen that the configuration and the environmental condition of a system are two main factors which determine the reliability of the system. Furthermore, it was found that, for the evaluation of the effectiveness of safety system of a nuclear ship, it is necessary to evaluate its reliability under various accident conditions.


A database of the confinement properties of the toroidal pinch experiment (TPE) series reversed-field pinch (RFP) devices was established, and an empirical scaling law for the energy confinement time, τE, was deduced for a consistently selected set of the database (Yagi Y. et al 2003 Nucl. Fusion 43 1787). The scaling for τE [TPE-scaling; ], in particular, is a power law similar to that predicted on the basis of the tearing modes, as a function of the plasma minor radius (a), plasma current (Ip), and Ip/N, where N is the column density. On the other hand, the TPE-scaling has a strong dependence on the pinch parameter, Θ, namely τE ∼ Θ3. Recently, we have investigated the database of the improved confinement in the pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD). We show that the TPE-scaling agrees well with the improved τE in the PPCD database, because of its strong Θ dependence. Namely, Θ3 is a factor of merit for RFP plasmas. We discuss why this agreement is obtained in spite of the general difference between the underlying transport mechanisms of the standard and PPCD discharges. We also show that this improvement, represented by Θ3, is related to the increase in magnetic shear with Θ.


The study presents an analysis of the influence of the plastic strain rate on the mechanical and structural properties of pure zinc. Thanks to the use of unconventional methods of plastic processing, the process of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and the process of hydrostatic extrusion (HE), the tests were performed in a wide range of plastic strain rates, between 0.04 s−1 and 170 s−1. Plastic strain rate changes were carried out in the course of the significant plastic strain processes, and not on previously deformed samples. All tests were carried out at a constant value of plastic strain rate, ε ~ 2. A strong influence of the plastic strain rate on changes in the microstructure in zinc was observed during the tests. For the rates in the range of 0.04 s−1 to 0.53 s−1 its bimodal nature was observed, and in the range of 7 s−1 to 170 s−1 high homogeneity and evenness of grains related to the processes of continuous dynamic recrystallization was noticed. The effect of the strong homogenization of the microstructure was the increase in mechanical properties, yield point and tensile strength to the maximum values of UTS = 194 MPa, YS = 145 MPa at a strain rate of 170 s−1. Compared to the material with a bimodal microstructure, an over seven-fold increase in the elongation value was observed.


SUMMARY A transplant experiment using an animal was carried out for monitoring and mapping air pollution in Brussels during the Winter of 1980. A microarthropod, Humerobates rostrolamellatus (Acari: Oribatida), known to be sensitive to S02 was used as a biological indicator.


The trajectory linearization control (TLC) was applied to design an autonomous nonlinear trajectory tracking controller for a novel rehabilitation exoskeleton shoulder joint in this paper. TLC is a relatively new control method which was applied in aircraft and mobile robot, which had good performance on real-time trajectory tracking, anti-jamming and universality. As a new application in the exoskeleton shoulder joint controller design, the controller in this research contained two loops that separately based on the inverse kinematics and pseudo-inverse dynamics models of the exoskeleton shoulder. Two PI controllers as the error regulator can reduce the tracking error. The position and angular velocity error feedback were employed to constitute the closed-loops. Since the controller was based on model and linearization, it can adapt to both linear and nonlinear control processes. The simulation of three different trajectories for single degree of freedom movement of shoulder joint (shoulder flexion and extension, abduction and extension), and the movement of both the two degrees were given. The simulation results showed that the TLC controller can follow the exoskeleton shoulder trajectory steadily and accurately.


Introduction:
 Although wait times vary widely across geographic regions and blood type under the current allocation system, it is unclear if minority patients have longer waitlist times.

 Hypothesis:
 We hypothesized that racial/ethnic minority patients experience longer wait times to transplant, even after accounting for age, gender, blood type, heart failure severity defined by UNOS status, and region.

 Methods:
 Patients listed for first transplant from 2005-2016 in the UNOS database were analyzed by racial/ethnic groups: African-American (AA), Hispanic, White (Non-Hispanic) and Other. We estimated median time to transplant for each group by year of listing using cumulative incidence functions and accounted for competing risks of waitlist mortality and delisting. For 2015-2016, we performed multivariable cause-specific Cox regression modeling accounting for age, gender, UNOS status urgency (status 1A, 1B, 2, 7) ABO blood type, and region by organ procurement organization. The reference population was Whites.

 Results:
 A total of 36,801 patients (21.5% AA, 7.8% Hispanic, 4.0% Other and 66.6% White) were available for analysis. Since 2005, the proportion of AAs on the waitlist has increased slightly, while the proportion of Whites has decreased. Wait times increased to a peak in 2014 for all ethnic/racial groups, but were disproportionally increased for AAs. In 2015-2016 this disparity persisted but was less pronounced compared to prior years. (
 Figure
 ) After multivariable adjustment, the Hazard Ratio for time to transplant in AAs was 0.90 (95% CI 0.83 – 0.96) compared to Whites, with no prolonged time to transplant for other minorities.

 Conclusions:
 AAs experience disproportionally long wait times for heart transplant, which could not be explained by traditional determinants of time to transplant. How the new allocation system implemented in 2018 will impact this disparity should be a focus for ongoing population health research.


Purpose

Most employee attitudes and behaviors are determined by both personal and situational characteristics. Studies on person–organization fit (POF), which is defined as the congruence between individual and organizational values, also support this assumption. Employees who perceive high POF have high positive work attitudes and low intention to leave. However, this study assumes that the relationship between perceived POF and work attitudes may be different with respect to employees' status and aims to investigate how perceived POF may differ in consequences among blue-collar and white-collar employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Multiple group analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the moderation effect of employee status on the relationship between perceived POF and work attitudes.

Findings

Results indicated that the relationship between perceived POF and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, organizational identification and intention to leave differ with respect to individual's status (blue-collar–white collar). As the status of the individuals increases, the relationship between POF and work attitudes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organization identification) becomes weaker.

Originality/value

Rather than just focusing results of POF, this study focuses on moderating variables that differentiate the relationship between POF and outcomes by considering individual differences caused by different motivation and abilities.


Four experiments were conducted with a total of 144 pigs to study the effects on rate of gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestibility and retention of nutrients and carcass characteristics of adding 0.10% CuSO4∙5H2O to the diets of crossbred pigs, fed ad libitum or restricted to scale, from weaning to market weight. The diets contained either fishmeal or soybean meal as protein supplements and were formulated to contain 14 or 17% protein. For ad libitum-fed pigs, the addition of copper to the diet improved rate of gain by 6.2% and efficiency of feed utilization by 3.8% up to 50 kg liveweight, with a lesser improvement for restricted pigs. The increased gain and reduced feed per kg gain with copper supplements were more apparent when fishmeal rather than soybean meal and a high rather than a low protein level were fed. Rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization were increased only slightly by copper supplements when the overall growth period to market weight was considered. In digestibility stu...


CONFERENCE FOR CONDUCTORS Co-Sponsored By Lawrence College and Peninsula Music Festival AUGUST 22-28, 1963 Fish 'Creek, Wisconsin • Work with THOR JOHNSON and JULIUS HERFORD and the PENINSULA FESTIVAL ORCHESTRA • Classes in Baton Technique, Score Reading and Analysis, Programming' and Orchestral Problems • Instrumental clinics For information write to: Don L. Vorpahl, Publicity Assistant, Lawrence Conservatory of Music, Appleton, Wisconsin. . Registration fees: Conductors. (Ilmited to 20) .. .$90 Observers (no limit) . .. ._. .....$<15


Single crystals of CaCoP 2 O 7 were prepared from powders at 1273 K. The structural study has been achieved from the data collected by an automatic diffractometer. The cell is triclinic P1 a=6.5476(3), b=6.5441(6), c=6.5743(5) A. α=66.407(6), β=83.264(5), γ=87.579(6)°. The mixed framework, built up from [Co 2 O 10 ] octahedral groups and [P 2 O 7 ] units which define cages, shows structural relationships with BaCoP 2 O 7 Preparation de monocristaux par voie seche a 1273 K. Etude par diffraction de rayons X: maille triclinique (groupe d'espace P1) avec a=6,5476, b=6,5441 et c=6,5743 A, α=66,407, β=83,264 et γ=87,579°. Affinement: charpente mixte a groupes octaedriques [Co 2 O 10 ] et unites diphosphate [P 2 O 7 ], delimitant des cages


Objective To investigate the value and the effect of total vitrectomy in the surgery of globe injuries.Methods Prospective consecutive study was adopted.Closed-globe injury was 17 cases and open-globe injury 68 cases in the total 85 cases,which included intraocular foreign body in 32 cases,giant retinal break 17 cases and traumatic retinal detachment 34 cases.The classification of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) was grade A in 6 cases,B in 8 cases,C in 8 cases,D in 12 cases.Among them,there were anterior PVR in 13 cases.The standard three port pars plana vitrectomy was performed,and the vitreous in the base and pars plana was thoroughly excised by using a scleral indentation.Results The total vitrectomy was performed in 78 cases and partial in 7 cases. 81 cases were available in the last follow up visiting.Retinal reattachment was 73 cases(90.12%) after initial vitrectomy.Four patients underwent a second vitreoretinal surgery.The retina maintained attachment in 77 eyes (95.06%) at last.The visual acuity was ≥0.06 in 42 eyes,which had significant difference contrasted to that of preoperation (P0.005).Conclusion The total vitrectomy is a feasible method in the sugery of globe injuries,which can decrease the complications of vitreous remainder and improve surgical effect.


David Livingstone (1813-1873) posed a problem for white southerners before the Civil War. He was the greatest hero in the Anglophone world but also a thoroughgoing abolitionist. Livingstone's heroism stemmed from his 1854-1856 crossing of Africa from Luanda (in today's Angola) in the west to Quelimane (in Mozambique) in the east. This stupendous feat would have earned Livingstone renown in its own right. But what made Livingstone a hero was how he explained the significance of his exploits, both in speeches he made in Britain upon his return in 1856-1858 and in his book Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa, which caused a sensation in Britain and the United States when it was first published in 1857. Livingstone used his experiences to express a compelling vision for the regeneration of Africa. He came to believe that missionary efforts had to be preceded by commercial relations rooted in what he and like-minded Britons called legitimate trade--the exchange of items such as cotton, palm oil, and ivory for European-made goods. Livingstone believed that without this foundation the slave trade and its attendant violence, social dislocation, and moral corruption would confound all efforts to bring Western civilization to Africa. Livingstone was the essence of the ideal early Victorian man--self-abnegating, modest, ecumenical, and relentless. He believed with absolute conviction in the idea of progress, the notion that humankind could improve itself materially and spiritually under the stewardship of a benign God. And he had succeeded at what few Europeans had even attempted--to bring this vision to the African interior. He could not be ignored. Livingstone was "the hero traveller," a South Carolina writer conceded, "a name in every mouth" across the Anglo-American world. (1) His travels alone would have made Livingstone a compelling figure to Americans, who were avid consumers of British culture despite an acute sense of cultural nationalism and the presence of significant pockets of Anglophobia--especially prevalent in the South due to British antislavery meddling. (2) But Livingstone also appealed directly to Americans in the final pages of Missionary Travels. Like a growing number of reform-minded women and men on both sides of the Atlantic, he had come to see the United States and Great Britain as partners in the great cause of spreading Christianity and Western civilization across the world. "It is on the Anglo-American race that the hopes of the world for liberty and progress rest," he wrote. Livingstone understood the United States to be an outpost of British civilization, Americans and Britons bound together by ties of culture and blood. The glorious task of regenerating Africa, of bringing her into the community of civilized nations, lay with English-speaking peoples everywhere. The necessary first step was the eradication of the slave trade via the establishment of legitimate trade, specifically in the cultivation of cotton. Livingstone found cotton growing throughout southeastern Africa, and he concluded--erroneously, it turned out--that the Zambezi River was navigable deep into the interior, providing a ready thoroughfare for commercial penetration. When Africans learned that Britons and others would happily buy all the cotton Africa could produce, they would abandon slave trading. (3) Perhaps with his American audience in mind, Livingstone took pains to point out that Britain shared responsibility for the survival of the peculiar institution owing to its consumption of plantation staples. "We now demand increased supplies of cotton and sugar, and then reprobate the means our American brethren adopt to supply our wants," he chided his compatriots. "Now it is very grievous to find one portion of this race practicing the gigantic evil, and the other aiding, by increased demands for the produce of slave labor, in perpetuating the enormous wrong." Livingstone maintained that Britain had the standing, over white southerners' objections, to work for the end of slavery in the United States. …


A generalized maxium a posteriori (MAP), symbol synchronizer for arbitrary nonoverlapping pulse shape and data-transition density is derived, and a simplified realization is presented.


The expression "landslide from massive rock slope failure" (MRSF) is used to indicate large-scale landslides characterised by a variety of complex initial failure processes and unpredictable postfailure behaviour. In this context, deep-seated landslides are classified as "landslides from massive rock slope failure". Typically, deep-seated landslides are slow mountain deformations which may involve movement along discrete shear surfaces and deep seated mass creep. The long-term development of deep-seated slope deformations creates suitable conditions for the subsequent occurrence of other slope deformations. Deep-seated landslides in mountain areas can be spatially interconnected with other types of slope deformations such as debris flows, debris slides, rock avalanches, topple, translational, rotational and compound sliding and complex type of mass movements. It is to be recognized that many aspects of large-scale landslides need be investigated in order to gain the necessary confidence in the understanding and prediction of their behaviour and in the associated risk assessment. The present thesis is to contribute to such understanding with specific reference to a number of mass movements which characterize large-scale landslides. An advanced numerical technique (FDEM) which combines finite elements with discrete elements has been applied in this thesis for improving such understanding. The open source research code, called Y2D, developed at the Queen Mary, University of London by Prof. Munjiza has been used. Considering that this code has not yet been applied to slope stability problems, a series of numerical tests have been carried out to assess its suitability to properly and efficiently simulate geomechanical problems. To this purpose standard rock failure mechanisms as well as laboratory tests have been modelled first and the results obtained have been compared with available analytical and numerical solutions. The advantages of the application of FDEM has been outlined by showing that both the simulation of failure initiation and progressive development to fragmentation of the rock mass is possible as this is deposited at the slope toe. The case study of interest for this thesis is the Beauregard massive landslide located in the Aosta Valley (Northwestern Italy). At this site the presence of an extensive deep-landslide insisting on the left abutment of an arch-gravity dam is well recognised. Based on detailed studies, the investigated area has been subdivided into zones which are characterised by different geomorphologic and geostructural features. Different landslide mechanics as well as different landslide activities upstream of the dam site have been identified and studied in detail. Such an area is thought to be at an intermediate stage of development of the deep seated landslide compared with the sector which insists on the dam. The observed failure mechanism has been ascribed to a large sliding on a compound surface. Some other failure mechanisms have been recognized, such as large flexural toppling and local block toppling instability. The final part of the thesis has been devoted to the FDEM numerical modelling of a large scale failure mechanism based on brittle behaviour of the rock mass. The aim is to apply the "total slope failure" approach through the application of FDEM. Such a technique has demonstrated the significant potential in predicting the development of possible slope instability phenomena


There has been hundreds of years since 1818 when Blundell transfused blood to a parturient who was suffering severe bleeding and 1900 when an Austrian pathologist Karl Landsteiner found RBC ABO, the first human blood group system.As one of the life energy materials, blood plays an irreplaceable role in clinical treatment and rescue. Featuring small capacity preparations, high concentration and purity, good curative effect, safe application, less adverse reactions, easy to usage and save,saving blood resources, reducing the occurrence of transfusion transmitted diseases and so on, blood components have been widely used in the clinic. Because bleeding onset abrupt, diseases change quickly and serious complications in obstetrics and gynecology, transfusion therapy has become a necessary mean in postpartum hemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation in order to save the lives of the mother and baby. It should be noted that in the course of blood component transfusion,it is the key of ensuring the safety and the effectiveness of blood transfusion to master the characteristics of various blood components and operate in a scientific and reasonable way.


The purpose of this study is to research community safety culture building train of thought through the analysis of the influence factors of community safety culture, This study employs a Likert scale method for the design of questionnaire, investigate community through questionnaire, obtain the relevant data, and by use of the structural equation model (SEM) of statistics, puts forward that the factors including economy, society, education, since and technology, and management form important influence factors on community safety culture. Thus we should take comprehensive measures from the above aspects in the community safety culture construction.


HERA, Humanities in the European Research Area, is a partnership between sixteen national Humanities funding agencies across Europe and the European Science Foundation (ESF). The main objective of HERA is to firmly establish the Humanities in the European Research Area and to enable the discipline to play an appropriate and dynamic role within the Framework Programmes of the European Commission. HERA has been designed to deliver new levels of co-operative research policy and practice in the humanities by embarking on an ambitious programme of communication, enquiry and sharing of expertise. The HERA network settled up a Joint Research Programme (JRP) for researchers in the Humanities, and will launch at early 2009 a call for proposals in two thematic research areas: 1. Cultural dynamics: inheritance and identity, and 2. Humanities as a source of creativity and innovation. HERA JRP Matchmaking Event was convened in Paris, on Saturday April 19, 2008 and gathered around 200 researchers in the field of humanities from all over Europe. With posters, illustrations, statements, questions and answers researchers from fourteen HERA countries that are participating in the HERA Joint Research Programme (Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden and United Kingdom) introduced presented participants with the core of potential research ideas which could led to the opportunity to build consortia with researchers, from at least three countries, interested in similar themes. I introduced project idea called Croatian Heritage for European Legacy, which draw respectable interest. Purpose of my possible project/research was to strengthen sustainable regional development and promote spatial cohesion through cultural tourism based on common European architectural heritage. And project/research aims are making common historical roots recognizable through European cooperation, establishing links to the existing and new EU member states and developing product of culture tourism that could reach beyond national borders.


Drawing on experiences gained orchestrating the 'Doctors Desk' project, the author explains how to use the new National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) to your advantage within a primary care setting.


This paper describes the development and validation of a nutritional knowledge questionnaire. The questionnaire included a forced choice nutrient density section and multiple choice exercise. Two groups of respondents (group 1, nutrition professionals, n = 27; group 2, engineering undergraduates, n = 55) completed the questionnaire. Significant differences were found between group scores for each of the four nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fat and fibre) and for the multiple choice (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha for the complete questionnaire was 0.82. These results suggest a robust and valid test instrument for the measurement of nutritional knowledge, which will be used to examine relationships between nutritional knowledge and behaviour.


Abstract: There are three mainstream theories which elucidate the relationship between Islamic doctrine and political actions that lead to terrorism acts of its believers: Firstly: they who believe that justification of violence and terror acts is inherent products of religious doctrine. Secondly: those who view that terrorism is profane matters, unrelated to religious doctrine whatsoever. Thirdly, opinion that state that terrorism is syncretism as well as interrelative modification between politics and religion. Although the three theories differ in concluding the role of religion in terrorism, they share some analytical approach, which put religion as doctrine and politics as political drive in every terrorism act. To measure the more dominant motive of the two can be done using two perspectives of phenomenology. First perspective views islamist movement as a form of anti modernism which emerges as a cure for western-type of modernization. The west is the enemy. Second perspective concludes that the movement is phenomenon of manifestation as well as response to post-modern development. Islamism emerges as something different, echoing cultural autonomy, alternative political entity as well as moral ideological critique of secularism brought by modernism.
Key words: Islamism, terrorism, phenomenology


A new structural system called light steel reinforced concrete is gradually widely used,because it is light and expedient when installed,with excellent heat preservation.The performance of the light steel reinforced concrete and the shear strength are deeply studied in this thesis.Test research has been done at three reduced scale model of light steel reinforced concrete shear wall,derivation the shear strength formula. Because the model test has the disadvantage of few member and lack data,so ADINA finite element method are adopted and a suggestion is made to design the axis-press of light steel reinforced concrete shear wall.


A keeper at the Shanghai Zoo in China using a broom to brush the teeth of a hippo. Unlike humans, these animals have 40 teeth and can open their mouth to an angle of 180 degrees. (DTI/Photo courtesy of Xinhua News, China) HONG KONG/LEIPZIG, Germany: Almost every second dental patient in Australia is receiving dental work that is made abroad. Dentists in the country are now demanding new legislation to make it mandatory for the profession to let patients know where their crowns or bridges are being produced. Momentarily, only dental prosthesis made in Australia are regulated by the government but those standards do to not apply to imported dental work.


The adelgid aphid Pineus armandicola is an important pest of Pinus armandii .The aphid has 8 generations each year in Kunming district.In average,it takes 42 days in spring and summer or 51 days in autumn and winter for the insect to finish one generation.The different generations are overlapping.The aphid has no distinct dormancy in Kunming district,in the cold area over altitude of 2 600 m,most individuals overwinter by dealate adults (virginogeniae) and mature nymphs in one year old needle clumps or bud bracts of the top twigs,a few individuals overwinter by eggs on the lower surface of one or two years old needles.Each female adult produces 50 eggs in average.The egg stage lasts for 5 to 12 days.Hatching rate of eggs is over 90%.The nymph has 4 instars.After 2 to 4 days,the first instar nymphs fix on the new growing needles until they develop to adult stage.The aphid leads a parthenogenesis life.The alate adults (virginogeniae) firstly appear in late March,and the peak period is observed from mid April to early May.The differentiation of alate adults is an important factor for the migratory dispersal and proliferation of the aphid population.


In this paper, we put forth an evolve-then-correct reduced order modeling approach that combines intrusive and nonintrusive models to take hidden physical processes into account. Specifically, we split the underlying dynamics into known and unknown components. In the known part, we first utilize an intrusive Galerkin method projected on a set of basis functions obtained by proper orthogonal decomposition. We then present two variants of correction formula based on the assumption that the observed data are a manifestation of all relevant processes. The first method uses a standard least-squares regression with a quadratic approximation and requires solving a rank-deficient linear system, while the second approach employs a recurrent neural network emulator to account for the correction term. We further enhance our approach by using an orthonormality conforming basis interpolation approach on a Grassmannian manifold to address off-design conditions. The proposed framework is illustrated here with the application of two-dimensional co-rotating vortex simulations under modeling uncertainty. The results demonstrate highly accurate predictions underlining the effectiveness of the evolve-then-correct approach toward real-time simulations, where the full process model is not known a priori.


Dendritic fibrous nano silica (DFNS) represents an optimal carrier material for pesticide constituents, due to its radial accessibility channels and high specific surface area. A low-energy methodology for synthesizing DFNS at a low volume ratio of oil to water is provided by employing 1-pentanol as the oil solvent in the microemulsion synthesis system, renowned for its remarkable stability and exceptional solubility. The DFNS@KM nano-pesticide was fabricated using a diffusion supported loading (DiSupLo) method and kresoxim-methyl (KM) as the template drug. Findings from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD, thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller analyzes revealed the physical adsorption of KM onto the synthesized DFNS without any chemical bonding, with KM mainly existing in an amorphous state within the channels. High-performance liquid chromatography measurements demonstrated that only the loading amount of DFNS@KM was primarily dependent on the KM to DFNS ratio, with minimal effects observed from loading temperature and time. The loading amount and encapsulation efficiency of DFNS@KM were found to be 63.09% and 84.12%, respectively. Furthermore, DFNS effectively prolonged the release of KM, with a cumulative release rate of 85.43% over 180 h. The successful loading of pesticide components into DFNS synthesized with a low oil-to-water ratio provides theoretical support for the industrialization of nano-pesticides, with significant implications for enhancing pesticide utilization, reducing pesticide dosage, augmenting agricultural efficiency, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.


Abstract Streptomyces scabies is the best‐characterized plant‐pathogenic streptomycete, which is a special species among the large genus Streptomyces. The pathogenicity of S. scabies relies on the production of the secondary metabolite thaxtomin A. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of thaxtomin biosynthesis in S. scabies beyond the pathway‐specific activator TxtR and the cellulose utilization repressor CebR. The leucine‐responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) family modulates secondary metabolism in nonpathogenic streptomycetes. However, the regulatory relationship between the Lrp and pathogenic streptomycetes remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that SCAB_Lrp (SCAB_77931) from S. scabies significantly affects thaxtomin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and morphological development. SCAB_Lrp deletion resulted in a dramatic decline in thaxtomin A production and a low‐virulence phenotype of S. scabies. An in‐depth dissection of the regulatory mechanism of SCAB_Lrp revealed that it positively regulates the transcription of the thaxtomin biosynthetic gene cluster by directly binding to the promoter of the cluster‐situated regulator gene txtR. SCAB_Lrp also controls the morphological development of S. scabies by directly activating the transcription of amfC, whiB, and ssgB. SCAB_Lrp directly controls the transcription of its own gene by binding a specific sequence (5′‐GGACAGTCGCCGTGCTACG‐3′). Moreover, phenylalanine and methionine have been characterized as SCAB_Lrp effectors by strengthening the binding affinity and complex status between SCAB_Lrp and DNA. Our findings characterize a multifunctional regulatory protein, SCAB_Lrp, that controls secondary metabolism, pathogenicity, and sporulation in S. scabies and provide new insights into the complex regulatory network that modulates thaxtomin phytotoxins in pathogenic Streptomyces.


A novel application of the time reversal technique for multi-source reflector antenna design is proposed in this paper. The focus of a shaped reflector and the time sequence of its feeds can be determined by time reversal method, exploiting its spatial-temporal focusing property. Then a designed three-source parabolic antenna was simulated by the FDTD. The radiation properties show that the designed antenna can lead higher peak value of electric field which is 238% compared to a standard parabolic antenna with one-source and same aperture. It means time reversal method for designing multi-source antenna is effective, and can realize the spatial power combination in the far field.


Current techniques utilize data derived from the aortic valve (AV) to determine the ratio between the pre-ejection (PEP) and ejection period (EP) of left ventricle (LV) in children. Mitral valve (MV), septum (S) and posterior LV wall (LVW) motion, can also be obtained and may be of value in the measurement of systolic time intervals (STI) by echograms (E). Thus, we studied a group of 40 normal school children by E to establish normal standards for PEP/EP for 4 reference points at MV, AV, S and LVW. PEP was measured from the onset of Q wave of the EKG to: 1-coaptation of MV (MPEP), 2-to the opening point of AV (APEP), 3-to the onset of systolic posterior excursion of S (SPEP) and 4-to the onset of anterior systolic motion of LVW (LVWPEP). EP was measured for: 1-total coaptation time of MV (MEP), 2-seperated interval of AV (AEP), 3-from the onset to the point of maximum systolic posterior excursion of S (SEP) and 4-similar to S for LVW anterior motion (LVWEP). PEP/EP ratios were computed for several cardiac cycles and averaged. Results of mean and standard error of mean were: MPEP/MEP 0.154±0.005, APEP/AEP 0.275±0.012, SPEP/SEP 0.304±0.009 and LVWPEP/LVWEP 0.390±0.011. Our study establishes normal standards for ratios of STI of 4 different reference points of LV in children which do not appear to be interchangable as they reflect different intracardiac events.(Sponsor: Eli Gold)


In this study, glucose derivatives as novel binders for fiber board, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl carbamate glucose (MOCG), was prepared by reaction of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl isocyanate (MOI) and OH group of glucose. MOCGs which controlled the substitution degree were also prepared by changing the molar ratio of glucose and MOI. The MOCGs were polymerized and physical properties of MOCG homopolymers were evaluated. High substituted MOCG homopolyer showed excellent mechanical property and thermal stability. On the other hand, physical properties of low substituted MOCG homopolymer was lowered by the aggregation of the glucose unit.


Principal component analysis (PCA) is a feature extraction method of mapping the original characteristic term space with high-dimensional sparsity into the low-dimensional principal component space, by utilizing the principle of variance maximization. In random matrix theory, principal components are treated as random variables, and data samples are the observations of random vectors. When there are a large amount of data samples, the observed values of principal components obey the normal distribution. We proposed a method of principal components selection based on the differential distribution of principal components in different classes. Experiment on text classification indicated that the method of principal components selection based on random matrix theory can effectively determine the principal components. This not only improves the classification performance, but also reduces the computational cost.


Due to an increasing demand for reliability in engineering systems, many advanced methods have been developed for fault detection and isolation (FDI). Analytical redundancy approaches have been widely applied to systems where signal relationships can be expressed mathematically with either known or unknown parameter values. In this paper, a general form of redundancy relation for the generalized system is established. It is shown how this form can be used to develop a detection signal which is insensitive to class of modelling error. The method is demonstrated by designing a detection signal which is insensitive to operating point changes in a simulated three-shaft gas turbine. >


When facing the temptation of high profit,real estate enterprise must assess risks scientifically since American subprime crisis broke out especially.Risk management is important to deal with the low trading volume of real estate and the decrease of house price.The risk evaluation model based on BP neural network is more suitable for risk evaluation of real estate project.It can improve the accuracy of risk evaluation of real estate project,exclude subjective factors to provide scientific evidence for real estate investment,and help real estate enterprises avoid risks effectively.


Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded to detect the 40 Hz component in auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) to stimuli (optimized chirp sounds) regularly repeated 40 times/s. The phase of 40 Hz component in ASSRs was synchronized to the repeated chirps. To obtain information on its mechanism, we used a differential-equation model for phase synchronization of ASSRs. The differential equation was numerically solved by the Runge-Kutta Method to obtain simulated results. The behavior of phase coherence of 40 Hz component in ASSRs obtained from the experimental results was compared with that shown by the simulated results and the simulated result predicted its experimental result to a satisfactory degree. In addition, the parameter representing the external force by stimulus in the model was found to be significantly influenced by the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that the model is validity.


In our evolving health care environment, the need to educate future doctors beyond traditional basic and clinical sciences for expertise in emerging fi elds, such as population health and highvalue care (e.g. providing quality care while decreasing health care system costs), is creating pressure in medical education to add new content into an already compressed curriculum. 1  Leaders are trying to include new fi elds while maintaining excellence in education, but this often creates a stressful environment for faculty and administrative staff. Although no easy solutions exist, integration challenges can be overcome through persistence and creativity.


In some applications, power transfer from the stationary side to the rotary side is needed. To avoid the use of mechanical slip ring, a CPT (contactless power transfer) device was proposed. Besides power transfer, communication between both sides is also important. With special design, the flux created by the power coil won't be coupled with the signal coil. This idea is verified with analytical calculation through the equivalent magnetic circuit. Then the model is simulated with the finite element method. The results show that with proper design, the magnetic coupling of two coils can be reduced to a very low value.


Abstract High-resolution frequency methods were used to describe the spectral and topographic microstructure of human spontaneous alpha activity in the drowsiness (DR) period at sleep onset and during REM sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained during sleep in 10 healthy volunteer subjects. Spectral microstructure of alpha activity during DR showed a significant maximum power with respect to REM-alpha bursts for the components in the 9.7-10.9 Hz range, whereas REM-alpha bursts reached their maximum statistical differentiation from the sleep onset alpha activity at the components between 7.8 and 8.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum energy over occipital regions appeared in a different spectral component in each brain activation state, namely, 10.1 Hz in drowsiness and 8.6 Hz in REM sleep. These results provide quantitative information for differentiating the drowsiness alpha activity and REM-alpha by studying their microstructural ...


The article bears on the trajectories of General Rafael Uribe Uribe (1859-1914) and the political leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan (1898-1948) by the examination of literary and biographic texts. Uribe inspired Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1928-) in his creation of the protagonist of the novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude". Marquez's career as a writer began in 1948, when Gaitan died. The assassination of this leader resulted in the so-called 'Violence', catalyzed with the impossibility, within the Colombian political field, of the social transformation from the 'bottom up', proposed by Gaitan. It is interesting to examine in the historicity of myths and practices of Colombian political culture, the singular circumstances of the assassination of these two leaders.


Correlations between Ar-40 and Ar-36 from size fractions of three Apollo 15 fines (15071, 15421, 15501) have been obtained. The Ar-40 intercept values of these fines and of 15091 and 15601 are generally lower than what one would expect for fines resulting from the comminution of rocks having ages of about 3.3 billion yr, typical for basalts of the landing site. This is interpreted to be the result of contamination by ray material from the Copernican age (equal or less than about 1 billion yr) craters, Autolycus and Aristillus, north of the landing site.


The correlation energy constant of the hydrogen molecule, which is different from the exact energy, was determined by comparing the vibrational energy level differences DELTA G determined from SCF functions with experimentally determined DELTA G values. The comparison was made for H/sub 2/ (ground state) because it is a relatively simple molecule and because SCF energies were available for a wide range of internuclear distances (0.4-3.2 au). Vibrational spectroscopic constants for H/sub 2/ are tabulated. (P.C.H.)


The classical way of estimating the activity of radioactive samples does not give a correct value and uncertainty when the activity has the same order of magnitude or is smaller than the background radiation. We propose a method of solving the problem based on Bayesian decision theory. The a priori distribution used is Jeffreys' invariant obtained by taking into account the fact that the number of particles emitted and detected is Poisson distributed. In contrast to the classical approach, the Bayesian estimate is always positive and the result obtained is a whole distribution (a confluent hypergeometric function) that gives not only the mean value but also any confidence interval. For higher activities, the Bayesian and classical estimates are indistinguishable.


A new, dual‐chamber temporary pacing lead was introduced via the subclavian vein in 20 patients who needed a temporary pacemaker. Stroke volume (SV) was measured continuously by combining M‐mode and noninvasive Doppier echocardiography during spontaneous rhythm (SR), AV sequential pacing at a positive AV interval (DP), ventricular pacing (VP) and AV sequential pacing at a negative AV interval (VA pacing). The valvular functions were determined by Doppler echocardiography. Left ventricular dimensions and function, and left atrial size were measured by M‐mode echocardiography. In the nine patients with no valvular heart disease and with no ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction (group I) the CO increased 83 ±11% during DP and 42 ± 9% during VP as compared to during SR when the heart rate (HE) was increased from 34 ± 3 to 72 ± 1 beats/min. The CO was 29 ± 3% higher during DP than that during VP. In the seven patients with valvulox heart disease and with no VA conduction (group II), the increment in CO compared to that during Sfi was SZ ± 12% during DP and 31 ±17% during VP: the CO was 17 ± 4% higher during DP than that during VP. In the four patients with spontaneous VA conduction (group III), the CO during DP was 35 ± 10% greater than that during VP, which did not result in an increase in the CO compared to that during SR in spile of an increase in HR from 52 ± 8 to 74 ± 2 beats/min. The study demonstrated that DP is the preferred temporary pacing mode and also that VA conduction during VP resulted in a mean decrease of 20% in CO compared to that during VP without VA conduction. The hemodynamic benefit from DP compared to SR seems to decrease when the left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension increases. Furthermore, patients with large left ventricular end‐systolic dimensions seem to have a lower increase in stroke index during DP as compared to that during VP than patients with smaller end‐systolic dimensions.


2',3,4',5- and 2',3,5,6'-Tetranitrobiphenyl-2-amines, and 2',3,4',5,6'- and 2',4,4',6,6'-pentanitrobiphenyl-2-amines, have been synthesized for the first time, along with the known 2,4,8- and 2,4,10-trinitrobenzo[c]cinnoline 6-oxides and 1,3,7,9-tetranitrobenzo [c]cinnoline 5- oxide. The benzocinnoline oxide derivatives were found to have higher densities and thermal stability than those of the corresponding biphenylamines. These observations are discussed in terms of structure.


Ultrasonic probe for three-dimensional scanning has a transducer of a one-dimensional array of mechanically swept back and forth. Because the transducer array is swept one-dimensionally, the array scans a volumetric region in the image plane is scanned from left to right. The transducer array that is swept in the opposite direction, the beam scanning direction as the volumetric region is scanned at the image plane to be scanned from right to left is inverted. Reversal of the beam scanning direction as a plane to be scanned is substantially aligned, reducing the noise of an image due to scanning as a result.


Differential postglacial rebound has produced a wide range of Holocene relative sea-level {RSL) responses across Newfoundland, with profound effects on coastal evolution. Raised postglacial marine features are found throughout the island, except in the southeast, where submergence is though to have prevailed since the early Holocene, as suggested by published models invoking marginal forebulgecollapse. The models imply a zonation from southeast to northwest, where isostatic uplift has resulted in ongoing emergence, at least until very recently. Evidence from the Strait of Belle Isle, including a raised beachridge sequence that terminates seaward in an active transgressive storm ridge, suggests that even in this area RSL may now be stationary or rising. The pattern of Holocene RSL on the northeast coast is not well known. Recent evidence suggests that the wide beach-ridge plain at Doting Cove may be of considerable age: indurated and stained beach-ridge sand between -0.1 m and +2.3 m above present MWL is mantled by freshwater peat up to 2.8 m thick. No large onshore sediment supply is identifiable in this area, in contrast to the situation at many other large beach-ridge deposits on the island. In St George's Bay where RSL has been rising from a midHolocene minimum, largeamounts of glacigenic sand and gravel have been removed from 40 km of coastal exposures and transported northward to form a 15-km long spit complex at Flat Island. The oldest freshwater peats on this barrier date to 1.36 ka BP. In the southeast, at Placentia on the Avalon Peninsula, a large glacigenic source has provided the sediment source for the extensive gravel beach-ridge plain on which the town is constructed. The oldest basal peat here dates to 2.11 ka BP. In contrast, small barriers at a number of other sites on the Avalon, where glacigenic sources are more limited, show a pattern of earlier beach-ridge progradation followed by transgressive stormridge development involving reworking of the earlier barrier sediment Both regressive and transgressive phases have occurred within the context of rising RSL and the change in the pattern of barrier development is believed to have been triggered by a decrease in sediment supply as erodible material along the shore was progressively depleted.


Zirconium-89 (89Zr), a radionuclide with a half-life of 78.4 hours, is suitable for imaging tumours using positron emission tomography (PET) when labelled with monoclonal antibodies. 89Zr can be produced from


that point in Job to which part of the Elihu material was dislocated. One should be reminded that accidents of transmission are well documented. Among the tasks of the philologist is to reconstruct the text as convincingly as one can. Contrary to what is sometimes claimed, restoring a text to its proper sequence does not do it violence but makes it once again intelligible. When I receive papers from my students and the pages are out of sequence (a not uncommon occurrence), I do not try to find some mystical meaning in the phenomenon. I assume that the authors meant to make sense, to write in a connected fashion, and I use my philological skills to rearrange the pages. There are almost always, in Job as in these papers, rhetorical or discourse features that support the rearrangement. Ken Brown understands these principles well, but in arguing his thesis, he neglects to consider the problematic placement of Job chapter 28. Nonetheless, minus the claim of deliberate redaction, his arguments and analysis are important and for the most part convincing. His work is a substantial contribution to the study of Job.


Data analytics hoovers up anything it can find and we are finding patterns and insights that weren't available before, with implications for both data analytics and for messaging between services and microservices. It seems that a pretty good understanding among many different sources allows more flexibility and interconnectivity. Increasingly, flexibility dominates perfection.