The purpose of this study is to explore and test the key factors influencing consumer's intention to use green shopping bags towards plastic avoidance behaviour. The data were collected from 480 Indian respondents and analysed using structural equation modelling. The results revealed that environmental motivation and government initiatives have a significant effect on consumer's intention to use green shopping bags. However, group conformity has an insignificant effect on consumer's intention. Finally, consumer's intention has significant effect on plastic avoidance behaviour. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first empirical research conducted on plastic bag avoidance behaviour in the Indian context. The findings provide valuable insight for the government and the policy makers to implement effective policies to protect the environment.


Social Network played a vital role in diffusing information at a very large scale, lot of work has been done in this area to explain and understand this phenomenon, classifying from predominant topic detection to information diffusion modeling, containing prominent diffuser's identification. This paper presents a survey of illustrative procedures that deal with these topics and propose a classification that reviews the state-of-art. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive analysis of prevailing efforts around information diffusion in social networks is the aim of the paper. This survey is projected to assist scholars to understand it quickly and bring the enhancement in the present work.


To the problems of stress corrosion on the equipment, it addresses the prevention countermeasure in the construction design, material and operation.


For a long time,people formed a notion that commercial origins of China began in the Yellow River basin.However,archaeological materials and ancient literature show that Huzhou,one of the places where mankind history originated,began to have the embryo of commerce at the time of primeval society,and eventually produced commerce.All these proves that the commercial origin of Jiangnan began as early as that of the Yellow River basin.


Thepowersuppressedamplitudewhichdescribes the Pauli ( σ μν ) coupling in the J /ψ → p ¯ p decay is calculated within the effective field theory framework. It is shown that at the leading-order approximation this contribution is factorisable and the overlap with the hadronic final state can be described by collinear matrix elements. The obtained contribution depends on the nucleon light-cone distribution amplitudes of twist-3 and twist-4. This result is used for a qualitative phenomenological analysis of existing data for J /ψ → p ¯ p decay: branching ratio and the angular distribution in the cross section e + e − → J /ψ → p ¯ p . It is found that the power corrections provide a large numerical effect.


By contrasting the experiment solution of slowing bonding initial stress beam,it uses the analyses methods of strain coordination analyses the limit stress of slowing bonding initial stress steel strand and the limit flexure,puts forward the calculate formula of advised limit flexure,to assure the normal safety use of beams.


A tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) was integrated as the dispersive element in a high performance biomedical imaging system. The spectrum emitted by the 23 mm long active region of the fiber is projected through custom designed optics consisting of a cylindrical lens for vertical beam collimation and successively by an achromatic doublet onto a linear detector array. High resolution tomograms of biomedical samples were successfully acquired by the frequency domain OCT-system. Tomograms of ophthalmic and dermal samples obtained by the frequency domain OCT-system were obtained achieving 2.84 μm axial and 10.2 μm lateral resolution. The miniaturization reduces costs and has the potential to further extend the field of application for OCT-systems in biology, medicine and technology.


The purpose of this article is to conduct a brief meta-analysis on the topic of integrated reporting (IR) in order to identify and highlight the main criticisms of this process. The main objective of the research concerned the study of specialised paper before and after the development and application of a conceptual framework regarding integrated reporting. In this respect, a few indexed papers in the ISI Web of Science will be analysed first and the meta-analysis will be performed using the cluster method. The results of the research will be a starting point for other research papers, in order to improve/perfect the economic-financial communication of the reporting entities and also in order to cover the deficiencies regarding the standardisation of IR.


Experimental comparison of burst traffic amplification by: a polarization independent fiber optic parametric amplifier, a discrete Raman fiber amplifier and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Parametric amplification improves required received power by more than 3dB.


Calcium activity has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental events, including the specification of neurotransmitter phenotypes. Higher levels of calcium activity lead to an increased number of inhibitory neural phenotypes, whereas lower levels of calcium activity lead to excitatory neural phenotypes. Voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) allow for rapid calcium entry and are expressed during early neural stages, making them likely regulators of activity‐dependent neurotransmitter phenotype specification. To test this hypothesis, multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to characterize the coexpression of eight VGCC α1 subunits with the excitatory and inhibitory neural markers xVGlut1 and xVIAAT in Xenopus laevis embryos. VGCC coexpression was higher with xVGlut1 than xVIAAT, especially in the hindbrain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. Calcium activity was also analyzed on a single‐cell level, and spike frequency was correlated with the expression of VGCC α1 subunits in cell culture. Cells expressing Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 displayed increased calcium spiking compared with cells not expressing this marker. The VGCC antagonist diltiazem and agonist (−)BayK 8644 were used to manipulate calcium activity. Diltiazem exposure increased the number of glutamatergic cells and decreased the number of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic cells, whereas (−)BayK 8644 exposure decreased the number of glutamatergic cells without having an effect on the number of GABAergic cells. Given that the expression and functional manipulation of VGCCs are correlated with neurotransmitter phenotype in some, but not all, experiments, VGCCs likely act in combination with a variety of other signaling factors to determine neuronal phenotype specification. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2518–2531, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this paper, we report on our study of stress-induced effects on thickness vibrations of a langasite plate. The plate is assumed to be doubly-rotated, specified by angles /spl phi/ and /spl theta/. The stresses are assumed to be uniform and planar. The first-order perturbation integral as developed by Tiersten for frequency shifts in resonators is used. The dependence of frequency shifts on /spl phi/ and /spl theta/ is calculated and examined, and loci of stress-compensation are determined. The analysis makes use of the third-order material constants that are available for langasite but not for its isomorphs.


The chemical and physical structure of cyclodextrin makes it attractive for use in flame retardant finishing for improving the functional properties and durability of the finished fabric. The suitability of cyclodextrins for grafting using viable techniques that could be reproduced was studied. The flame retardant diammonium phosphate was applied on cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabric and grafted cum bonded with 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid fabric. The modified monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin gives more percentage of grafting (2.7%) under normal processing conditions used for cotton fabric. The effect of treatments like cyclodextrin grafting and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid treatment on grafted fabric were analysed for diammonium phosphate flame retardant finishing. The whiteness and loss of strength caused by the cyclodextrin grafting was within acceptable limits and the hand value alteration was very less. The flammability behaviour and durability after 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 washing cycles were determined. The results reveal that the flame retardant property of cyclodextrin treatment enhances the durability of the fabric from non-durable to semi-durable, whereas the diammonium phosphate treatment on 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid/cyclodextrin-grafted fabric changes the flame retardant from non-durable to durable. The evolution of gases during the burning of untreated and treated samples was analysed and the results show that the cyclodextrin-grafted fabric masks the evolving gases to some extent during burning and also that there was less release of formaldehyde in grafted samples compared with ungrafted diammonium phosphate finished sample.


In total variability modeling, variable length speech utterances are mapped to fixed low-dimensional i-vectors. Central to computing the total variability matrix and i-vector extraction, is the computation of the posterior distribution for a latent variable conditioned on an observed feature sequence of an utterance. In both cases the prior for the latent variable is assumed to be non-informative, since for homogeneous datasets there is no gain in generality in using an informative prior. This work shows in the heterogeneous case, that using informative priors for computing the posterior, can lead to favorable results. We focus on modeling the priors using minimum divergence criterion or factor analysis techniques. Tests on the NIST 2008 and 2010 Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) dataset show that our proposed method beats four baselines: For i-vector extraction using an already trained matrix, for the short2-short3 task in SRE'08, five out of eight female and four out of eight male common conditions, were improved. For the core-extended task in SRE'10, four out of nine female and six out of nine male common conditions were improved. When incorporating prior information into the training of the T matrix itself, the proposed method beats the baselines for six out of eight female and five out of eight male common conditions, for SRE'08, and five and six out of nine conditions, for the male and female case, respectively, for SRE'10. Tests using factor analysis for estimating priors show that two priors do not offer much improvement, but in the case of three separate priors (sparse data), considerable improvements were gained.


Abstract This article engages with the future of cultural studies as an interdisciplinary field. First, there are what could be perceived as some of the costs of gaining academic respectability. While it is gratifying to see so many universities developing cultural studies programmes, there is also the danger that this critical and sometimes 'undisciplined' area of study will lose the social and political urgency of the early work. Second, there is the impact which postmodernism has had on cultural studies and with this the eclipsing of the centrality of the paradigms of Marxism. The final part of the paper suggests that cultural studies can retain its critical edge by developing programmes of research which consider the culture industries and their place in post‐industrial society.


In order to achieve color constancy, this paper proposes a method that can detect an invariant direction that affects formation of an intrinsic image significantly, using eigenvector in the -chromaticity space. Firstly, image is converted into datum in the -chromaticity space which was suggested by Finlayson et al. Secondly, it removes datum, like noises, with low probabilities that may affect an invariant direction. Thirdly, so as to detect the invariant direction that is consistent with a principal direction, the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue is calculated from datum extracted above. Finally, an intrinsic image is acquired by recovering datum with the detected invariant direction. Test images were used as parts of the image data presented by Barnard et al., and detection performance of invariant direction was compared with that of entropy minimization method. The results of experiment showed that our method detected constant invariant direction since the proposed method had lower standard deviation than the entropy method, and was over three times faster than the compared method in the aspect of detection speed.


In this article, the effects of the parameters of GaN HEMTs and Si mosfets and the load conditions on the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) are analyzed based on the compositions of the equivalent noise voltage sources. These compositions include the rising and falling edges of the switching voltages, the zero-voltage-switching voltage drops and the parasitic ringing. The radiated EMI from two identical dual-active bridge converters with GaN HEMTs and Si mosfets is investigated and compared. Experiments were conducted to validate the analysis.


The effect of mechanical cycling (four-point bending) and electrical cycling (ac excitation at the longitudinal resonance frequency) on the degradation of the mechanical properties of PZT-8 bars was examined. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed microcracks which originated from second-phase material located at triple junctions. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that this second-phase material contained Pb, Ti, and Fe, but no detectable Zr. High intergranular microcrack densities were observed for mechanically cycled samples and samples electrically cycled at temperatures ≤80°C. Electrically cycled samples allowed to heat to a steady-state temperature of 180°C showed much lower crack densities. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33) measurements revealed that depolarization occurs in the 180°C electrically cycled samples, but not in mechanically cycled materials nor in the 80°C electrically cycled material. Also, samples heated in a furnace to 180°C in the absence of external stress showed no evidence of depolarization. It appears that elevated temperatures (∼180°C) are necessary to cause depolarization in PZT-8 at the resonance-induced stresses used in this work.


In traditional Chinese culture,there was no term of "hell" but that of "ghostdom" instead.The essential difference between the view of hell in Buddhism and that of ghostdom in traditional Chinese culture lies in that,the former claims it is morality rather than law that shall control people and evils shall be punished,both of which the latter lacks.That the faith in the hell got combined with China′s family religion and ancestors cult,is an important way in which Buddhism became integrated in Chinese culture.In the period of the six dynasties,there were many "phantom fictions",from which the view of hell in Buddhism came into being in China.This article analyzes Ming Xiang Ji,a miscellany that embodies most of those phantom fictions,by virtue of which we might acknowledge what the hell view in Buddhism added to that of the ghostdom in traditional Chinese culture and,how it became integrated into China′s native culture.


In standard FG (DIK, 1997) grammatical functions are assigned directly to the underlying representation in a more or less across the board fashion, only taking into consideration the language dependent semantic function hierarchy. This approach bypasses a number of constraints on subject assignment that may be gathered from typological data, and observed from the actual behaviour of speakers. In this contribution, we make an attempt to reinterpret FG syntactic functions in the light of the FDG model. Following ideas from Givon (1997), we propose a treatment of Subject assignment on the basis of a combination of semantic and pragmatic factors of the relevant referents and other functional aspects of underlying representations. The assignment rules adhere to the respective hierarchies as discussed in the typological literature. In our proposal, Subject (and Object) assignment are now located in the expression component, more specifically in the dynamic version of the expression rules as proposed in Bakker (2001).


Summary.

The repolarization of the end-plate region and the neuromuscular block caused in frog skeletal muscle by persisting high concentrations of acetylcholine could be due either to a niechanisni rrducing the reactivity of the end-plate "receptors" without affecting the membrane. i. e. a tubocurarine-like effect. or to the possibility that the membrane at the end-plate region was left highly permeable to ions other than sodium.

To determine which of these two alternative iriechanisms is lrsponsible for the effects of persisting concentrations of acctylcholine, determinations were made of the transverse electric. membrane resistance at the end-plate region heforc and after the application of acetylcholine.

It was shown that the transverse membrane resistance was completely normal when acetylcholine had caused a neuromuscular block and the end-plate region was repolarized.

This excludes the possibility that the repolarization of the end-plate region with the neuromuscular block in the presence of persisting concentrations of acetylcholine is due to an increase in the ionic permeability of the muscle membrane. It is concluded that the only other known mode of action which could account for these effects of acetylcholine is that exerted hp tubocurarine.


Significance Reciprocity motivates a wide range of cooperative behaviors (e.g., tipping, exchange of favors, customer loyalty, etc.). It is typically assumed that, after a reciprocal relationship is triggered, reciprocal motives remain stable over time. Using a large-scale field study, we show that this is not the case. Instead, we find that reciprocity decays rapidly over time. We analyze donation solicitations sent from a university hospital system to its patients and show that patients are less likely to donate when more time has elapsed since they were treated. In addition to informing our understanding of reciprocity, our results have considerable practical importance, as many charitable organizations raise funds from those who they previously served (e.g., schools, hospitals, religious organizations, humane societies, etc.). We examine how reciprocity changes over time by studying a large quasiexperiment in the field. Specifically, we analyze administrative data from a university hospital system. The data include information about over 18,000 donation requests made by the hospital system via mail to a set of its former patients in the 4 months after their first hospital visit. We exploit quasiexperimental variation in the timing of solicitation mailings relative to patient hospital visits and find that an extra 30-day delay between the provision of medical care and a donation solicitation decreases the likelihood of a donation by 30%. Our findings have important implications for models of economic behavior, which currently fail to incorporate reciprocity's sensitivity to time. The fact that reciprocal behavior decays rapidly as time passes also suggests the importance of capitalizing quickly on opportunities to benefit from a quid pro quo.


We have performed density functional theory investigations on the adsorption properties of ammonia molecule on the undoped and N-doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles. We have geometrically optimized the constructed undoped and N-doped nanoparticles in order to fully understand the adsorption behaviors of ammonia molecule. For TiO2 anatase nanoparticles, the binding site is preferentially located on the fivefold coordinated titanium sites. However, we have mainly studied the interaction of NH3 molecule over the fivefold coordinated titanium sites including the bond lengths, bond angles, adsorption energies, density of states (DOSs) and molecular orbitals. The results indicated that the adsorption of NH3 molecule on the N-doped nanoparticles is energetically more favorable than the adsorption on the undoped one, suggesting the strong adsorption of NH3 molecule on the N-doped nanoparticles. Adsorption on the N-doped nanoparticles leads to the more stable and favorable complexes. Our theoretical work represents that the N-doped nanoparticles have higher sensing capability than the pristine ones to remove the hazardous NH3 molecules from the environment.


Abstract Building on a modern careers approach, we assess the effects of working abroad on individuals' career capital. Given the dearth of longitudinal studies, we return to a sample of economics graduates in Finland eight years later. We measure changes in three dimensions of career capital; 'knowing how', 'knowing whom', 'knowing why' and find that company assigned expatriates learn more than self-initiated expatriates. All three career capital areas benefit from international experience and all are increasingly valued over time. Based on our findings, we conclude that a dynamic notion of career capital acquisition and use is needed. Managerial implications include the need for a wider view of talent management for international businesses.


Abstract : Maximum utilization of computer-aided assessments (CAS) techniques and proper understanding of nuclear safety and reliability assessments can be achieved by the use of a program called GO . This document is a basic, yet substantive, qualification of the GO methodology and its computer software. Principal emphasis is placed on the event-tree concept upon which GO is based and on the use of the defined operator types (which represent components) to develop system models. The use of GO software to manipulate models and component data to generate the probabilities of occurrence of system events (reliability, safety, availability) is explained and exemplified. Seven sample systems are analyzed. A qualification of the fault finder and effect evaluation software is provided. The fault finder capability identifies component failures which singly or in confidence cause system failures. The effect evaluation capability develops confidence bounds on system estimates as a function of data uncertainties.


Click Here JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115, B03303, doi:10.1029/2008JB005842, 2010 for Full Article Radial anisotropy and prior petrological constraints: A comparative study C. Beghein 1 Received 31 May 2008; revised 8 September 2009; accepted 6 October 2009; published 6 March 2010. [ 1 ] Radial seismic anisotropy models are traditionally obtained using empirical constraints based on laboratory experiments and petrological considerations. We tested the hypothesis that such petrological constraints affect the uppermost mantle models of S wave anisotropy using a statistical approach. In addition, we were able to determine which model features are constrained by the data and which are dominated by the prior. We focused on large-scale models and found that the most likely models obtained in both cases are highly correlated. This demonstrates that for the best data-fitting solution, the geometry of uppermost mantle radial anisotropy is not strongly affected by prior petrological constraints. The amplitude of the anomalies, however, can change significantly: The best data-fitting model obtained without petrological constraints displays stronger amplitudes than the one obtained with prior. This could become an issue when quantitatively interpreting seismic anisotropy models, and thus emphasizes the importance of accurately accounting for parameter uncertainties and trade-offs, and of understanding whether the seismic data or the prior constraints the model. We showed that model uncertainties are strongly affected by the prior as the relative RMS uncertainties were reduced by a factor of 2. In addition, we showed that while the model distributions are not necessarily Gaussian a priori, imposing petrological constraints can force the distributions to be narrower and more Gaussian-like, as expected from inverse theory. Finally, we demonstrated that the age dependence of seismic wave velocities is robust and independent of prior constraints. A similar age signal exists for anisotropy, but with larger uncertainties without prior constraints. Citation: Beghein, C. (2010), Radial anisotropy and prior petrological constraints: A comparative study, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B03303, doi:10.1029/2008JB005842. 1. Introduction [ 2 ] Accurately modeling mantle seismic anisotropy, that is the dependence of seismic wave velocity with the direction of propagation or polarization, can help us under- stand mantle deformation [Karato and Toriumi, 1989; Kendall, 2000; Becker et al., 2003], the coupling between lithosphere and asthenosphere [Silver and Holt, 2002; Becker et al., 2006b], mantle composition [Montagner and Anderson, 1989], rheology [Becker et al., 2008], and the net rotation of the lithosphere [Becker, 2008]. However, despite numerous efforts to model mantle seismic anisotropy over the past 20 years, uncertainties remain on its exact depth extent and lateral variations in the uppermost mantle, on its presence in the transition zone, and on its global nature in the D 00 layer [Fouch and Fischer, 1996; Montagner and Kennett, 1996; Ekstro¨m and Dziewonski, 1998; Lay et al., 1998; Trampert and van Heijst, 2002; Wookey et al., 2002; Gung et al., 2003; Panning and Romanowicz, 2006; Earth and Space Sciences Department, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union. 0148-0227/10/2008JB005842$09.00 Beghein and Trampert, 2004a, 2004b; Beghein et al., 2006; Panning and Romanowicz, 2006; Zhou et al., 2006; Marone et al., 2007; Nettles and Dziewonski, 2008; Beghein et al., 2008]. [ 3 ] Discrepancies between models can arise for a variety of reasons. To fully describe Earth's elastic properties one would ideally want to determine the 21 independent ele- ments of the fourth-order elastic stiffness tensor, at a given time and location inside Earth. In practice, this is challeng- ing because seismic data are only sensitive to subsets of those 21 elements [Tanimoto, 1986; Chen and Tromp, 2007; Beghein et al., 2008], and different types of data depend on different subsets of elastic coefficients [see summary tables in Chen and Tromp [2007] and Beghein et al. [2008]]. In addition, while some data, such as shear wave splitting measurements, can provide precise constraints on lateral changes in seismic anisotropy, their depth resolution is very poor. Surface wave and free oscillation data are better suited to constrain depth changes in structure, but their lateral resolution is lower than that of body waves. This can yield apparent discrepancies and make model comparisons diffi- cult. Moreover, three-dimensional models of seismic anisot- ropy are typically obtained by data inversion, which is often an ill-posed and ill-conditioned problem. This means that B03303 1 of 17


In the context of virtualization and cloud computing, a currently interesting topic is the movement of network functions into the cloud. Since these Virtualized Network Functions have high performance and availability requirements, the placement and resilient deployment of these functions are important issues. In this paper, we present a real-world mechanism implemented for OpenStack that supports arbitrary placement functions for performance optimization and resilience provisioning. In addition, we provide an example of how this mechanism can be used in practice.


The charge to this year's conference authors was to look into the last five years and report the significant events which had occurred in the topical area they were to review. I accepted this charge for the area of cognitive-perceptual development. To accomplish this task I found I needed to develop some operating definition of what was to be considered a significant event in the area of cognitive-perceptual development in infancy. I decided to process the many candidates for this degree of significance by asking myself whether I thought they would have a major impact on future research in the area or perhaps even have a direct effect on infant cognitive perceptual development itself. I then took this incisive divining rod in hand and turned to the past five years. You will perhaps be as surprised as I was to find that in applying my criterion of significance to the events of the past five years, I managed to uncover four significant events but none of these was a product of a study of infants. Before I proceed to describe these four significant events, let me give you an outline of the structure of this paper. The four events will be pre sented briefly and it will be argued that they provide a setting which will exert an important directional pressure on the area of cognitive-perceptual research in infancy, a directional pressure which I believe should and will initiate a great deal of research during this coming decade. We will then turn to a discussion of some specific questions this setting will raise for the specific cognitive-perceptual topics of attention, memory, and basic sensory motor schema.


Introduction: The number of people with disabilities in Brazil and worldwide has grown considerably in recent decades. However, prejudice and stigma faced by this population have not decreased yet. Negative attitudes towards people with disabilities can impose barriers to functionality and quality of life. Cross-cultural measures of attitudes towards disability can help identify these barriers and contribute to the development of intervention strategies. Objectives: To provide evidence of validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of a World Health Organization cross-cultural instrument designed to assess attitudes towards disability (Attitudes to Disability Scale, ADS) from the perspective of people with physical disabilities (ADS-D) and Intellectual Disabilities (ADS-ID). Methods: A total of 162 people with physical disabilities and 156 with intellectual disabilities participated in the study. Classical psychometrics was used to analyze the two samples independently. Evidence of criterion validity (concurrent type) was obtained by Mann-Whitney test for non-normal distributions. Evidence of reliability was calculated with Cronbach alpha for the instrument scales and subscales. Test-retest reliability was assessed for people with intellectual disabilities through intraclass correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon test. Results: ADS-D showed better levels of internal consistency than ADS-ID. Evidence of discriminant validity was verified. Evidence of test-retest reliability was not conclusive. Conclusion: Results suggest the maintenance of the factor structure revealed in the cross-cultural study to assess the attitudes towards disabilities in the Brazilian population. Studies with larger samples are needed for the investigation of additional evidence of validity and reliability.


Calorie restriction (CR; ~60% of ad libitum, AL, food intake) has been shown to enhance whole‐body insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle accounts for the majority of insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal, however no previous studies have reported CR effects on both in vivo glucose uptake and insulin signaling in the same skeletal muscles. Accordingly we evaluated the effect of CR (initiated at 14‐wks of age) on the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles from 9‐mo old rats under euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions. Glucose levels during the clamp were not significantly different for AL (120.7±2.7 mg/dl) versus CR (126.1±2.4 mg/dl) groups. Insulin levels during the clamp were also elevated to similar levels in AL (141.3±9.1 μU/ml) and CR (140.3±6.7 μU/ml) groups. Glucose infusion rates were 78% higher (P<0.05) in CR (31.7±1.6 mg/kg−1 × min−1) versus AL (17.8±0.8 mg/kg−1 × min−1) rats. Glucose uptake (radiolabelled 2‐deoxyglucose) was increased (P<0.05) for CR vs. AL rats in both the TA and GN. Insulin receptorTyr1162/1163 phosphorylation was unaffected by CR in either muscle. AktSer473 phosphorylation was increased (P<0.05) in both muscles of CR vs. AL rats, and there was a strong trend for increased AktThr308 phosphorylation in CR vs. AL rats for both the TA (P=0.052) and GN (P=0.052). These results suggest that CR leads to greater whole‐body insulin sensitivity attributable at least in part to CR effects on in vivo insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake secondary to greater Akt phosphorylation in multiple muscles, including the TA and GN.


Trace-drivensimulationis commonlyusedby thecomputerarchitectureresearchcommunityto pursue answersto a wide variety of architecturaldesignissues.Tracestakenfrom benchmarkexecution(e.g., SPEC,Bytemark,SPLASH) havebeenstudiedextensivelyto optimize the designof pipelines,branch predictors,andespeciallycachememories.Today's computerdesignshavebeenoptimizedbasedon the characteristicsof thesebenchmarks. As applicationsbecomemore dependenton servicesand APIs provided by the hostingoperating system,theoverall applicationperformancebecomesmoredependent on efficient operatingsysteminteraction. It hasbeenacknowledgedthatoperatingsystemoverheadcangreatlyaffect thebenefitsprovided by a new designfeature. The reasonwhy the operatingsysteminteractionhas,for the mostpart, been ignoredin pastarchitecturalstudiesis the lack of availabletools that cangeneratekernel-ladentraces. In this contributionwe describethe ongoingefforts to captureoperatingsystemrich traceson the DEC Alpha platform. We will describethecurrentversionof thePatchWrx toolset,originally developed by RichardSites. This tool allows us to obtain trace information of applicationand operatingsystem activity, while introducingminimal overhead. We will describethe current versionof the tool, and demonstrateits capabilitiesby characterizing a number of applications. We will also contrastthe fundamentaldifferencesbetweenusing simple benchmarkprograms,versusstudyingapplicationbasedprograms. This paper demonstratesthat for real applications(MS CD Player, MS Visual C/C++, FX!32, etc.), the operatingsystemexecutioncan dominatethe overall executiontime of the application,contributingsignificantly to the contentsof any capturedtrace.


In this paper , the analysis of locational marginal pricing based on DCOPF for concentrated and distributed model is explained with fixed bids and linear bids. LMP is an effective transmission pricing method and it is required to address transmission issues, generate correct economic pricing and to reduce the generation cost. Transmission line constraints can result in variations in energy prices throughout the network. These prices depend on generator bids, load levels and transmission network limitations. Locational marginal pricing (LMP) has become popular method in restructured power markets to address the congestion price. Both fixed and linear bids are considered for generators. Here we are using DCOPF in MATPOWER software to calculate LMP's at all buses considering concentrated loss model and a distributed loss model for fixed bids and linear bids in MATLAB software. LMP decomposition is also given, which can be decomposed into energy price, congestion price and loss price. IEEE 14 bus system is used here. The total production cost will be reduced. Decomposition of LMP is carried out to ensure economic operation. Distributed loss model considering linear bids shows reduced generation fuel cost compared to concentrated loss model.


The utility model relates to a four-piece reinforcing plate type chloroethylene polymerizer, which comprises a polymerizer body, a driving device and a stirrer; the top of the polymerizer body is provided with a condenser, an extension manhole and a plate cooling water jacket; the middle of the polymerizer body is provided with a half-pipe jacket, a thermometer sleeve; the bottom of the polymerizer body is provided with a frame, a material outlet, an additive inlet and a plate cooling water jacket, a V-shaped hollow stop plate is arranged on the inner wall of the polymerizer body, a four-piece reinforcing plate type stirrer is arranged at the downside in the polymerizer body; the extension manhole is provided with a manhole cover, a material inlet is arranged as well; the driving device is arranged at the downside of the frame, a mechanical seal is arranged on the wall of the polymerizer body in the frame. The utility model has the advantages of favorable heat conducting performance, ideal operation performance, long equipment lifecycle, simple structure, low equipment cost, low energy consumption and good sealing performance; for the utility model has the advantages above, so compared with the prior equipment with the same volume and the same production output, the utility model has a higher production capacity and a lower production cost.


It is often said that the High Court of the early 1990s, particularly under Chief Justice Anthony Mason, was deeply influenced by the jurisprudence of Julius Stone. It is also sometimes suggested that the 'discovery' within the Australian Constitution of the implied freedom of political communication provides an illustration of Stone's influence. This article is concerned with two problems associated with these claims. The first has to do with Stone's jurisprudence itself and, in particular, the relationship between its normative and descriptive dimensions. The second problem concerns the application of Stone's jurisprudence to the implied freedom of political communication. The main body of the article makes two principal claims. First, it is argued that at the heart of Stone's jurisprudence is an equivocation in his recommendation that, rather than rely on various categories of illusory reference in their decisions, judges ought to articulate the real reasons for their conclusions, and that they can do this by balancing the social interests involved in any particular case. The equivocation has to do with both the normative grounding of this recommendation and the very possibility of its coherent implementation. Second, it is argued that, while the cases on the implied freedom are often feted as examples of Stone's influence, the reasoning in these cases is ironically a classic example of a court relying on a whole series of categories of illusory reference, culminating in the formulation of balancing tests themselves and in the application of those tests in specific cases. The article then concludes by asking: how is this irony to be explained? Is it a failure of the courts to apply Stone's jurisprudence consistently? Is it a failure of Stone's jurisprudence? Or is it a triumph of Stone's analytical realism over the normative and sociological dimensions of his jurisprudence?


A 1b 51h-order complex CTDeltaSigma modulator with integrated IF mixer for AM/FM/IBOC car radio receivers is presented. The 118dB DR in AM mode enables the realization of the receiver without a VGA and an external AM channel filter. It is fabricated in a 0.18mum CMOS process and consumes 210mW from a 1.8V supply


Submitted to the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and the Ilinois Coal Industry Committee through the Center for Research on Sulfur in Coal


The invention provides a method for carrying out SDN stream matching in an SDN (Software Defined Network). The SDN includes a control device and a forwarding device. The method includes the following steps: the forwarding device initiates SDN stream implicit matching entry registration to the control device; and after completion of the registration, the SDN forwarding device implements implicit matching table update and configuration according to an SDN stream implicit matching entry configuration message of the control device and carries out SDN stream matching and forwarding according to the updated and configured implicit matching table when SDN stream packets are sent or received. The invention also provides a device for carrying out SDN stream matching in the SDN.


A device for current detection is disclosed and includes a protection circuit having a current input provided via a positive input and a negative input arranged in parallel to the positive input, a pair of diodes communicatively coupling the positive input to the negative input, wherein the pair of diodes are configured to protect an operational amplifier from an overvoltage and negative voltages, and a peak detector in communication with the protection stage, wherein the peak detector is configured to receive an output provided by the operation amplifier of the protection stage, and wherein the peak detector is configured to create a peak detector output representative of the current input.


Individuals exposed to hypoxia for brief or long periods of time manifest physiological changes that aim tomaintain oxygen homeostasis. For example, acute exposure to hypoxia produces the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) due to activation of the peripheral chemoreceptors of the carotid body, as well as hypoxia-triggered changes in heart rate. Exposure to extended periods of hypoxia (chronic sustained hypoxia) results in different responses, including a secondary increase in ventilation termed ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH), enlargement of carotid bodies and increased haemoglobin concentration. Experiments involving rodent models and human genetic studies describe the importance of the gene Endothelial PAS Domain Protein 1 (EPAS1) and the transcription factor it encodes, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), as one of the main triggers of these hypoxia-induced consequences (Hodson et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2022), supporting the idea that the EPAS1/HIF-2α pathway is crucial for mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation. For instance, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-2α and experiments performed in knockout mice show that disruption of HIF-2α results in a blunted VAH after days of exposure to hypoxia. Studies of human populations living at high altitude demonstrate that genes involved in the EPAS1/HIF-2α pathway show signs of selection and are associated with relatively lower levels of haemoglobin at high altitude, i.e. similar to individuals at sea level but lower when compared to other high-altitude populations such as Andeans. And also, Tibetans at high-altitude show increased ventilation when compared to Andean high-altitude populations. In many cases, the potential adaptive or maladaptive roles of these hypoxia-induced changes remain unknown and many groups are enthusiastically applying novel approaches to answer these questions. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) live at a large range of altitudes (sea level to ∼4000 m) offering the opportunity to study physiological and genomic changes shaped by hypoxia exposure over many generations. In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Ivy et al. (2022) live-trapped deer mice at high altitude (4350 m) and at low altitude (430 m). The authors genotyped these deer mice for a specific Epas1 variant previously described (Schweizer et al., 2019), with evidence showing an impaired functionality due to an interrupted interaction of HIF-2α with a transcriptional coactivator (CREB-binding protein). The authors characterized homozygous deer mice with the high-altitude (Epas1H/H) and low-altitude (Epas1L/L) variants and crossed them to obtain an F2 progeny of inter-population hybrids with admixed genetic background. Mice from F2 with homozygous genotypes for the highand low-altitude variant (Epas1H/H and Epas1L/L) and with heterozygous genotype (Epas1H/L) were then characterized so the effects of Epas1 genotype could be determined. The authors described the ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia, the increase in carotid body size due to chronic hypoxia, and measured the levels and affinity of haemoglobin in hypoxic conditions. Ivy et al. (2022) found that all three genotypes have similar responses to acute hypoxia when acclimated to normoxic conditions (similar HVR). However, after 4 weeks of chronic hypoxia, the authors found that mice with the Epas1H/H variant had a blunted VAH, with reduced HVR responses compared to Epas1H/L and Epas1L/L mice. The authors intentionally maintained CO2 during acute hypoxia exposure to avoid the inhibition of ventilation caused by decreased levels of CO2 due to hyperventilation. To study ventilatory effects during poikilocapnic hypoxia, the authors also performed an extended protocol with step-wise hypoxia intervals without controlling CO2 levels, and they found similar results in ventilatory parameters and increased O2 consumption rates in Epas1H/H mice acclimated to chronic hypoxia. This resulted in significantly higher arterial O2 saturation in chronic hypoxia-acclimated Epas1H/L and Epas1L/L deer mice in several acute hypoxia steps (16, 12, 10 and 8 kPa of O2 partial pressure) when compared to non-acclimated responses, whereas chronic hypoxia-acclimated Epas1H/H mice showed increased O2 saturation only with the most severe hypoxia level. When the authors observed the carotid body morphology in the different groups of deermice, they found an increase in the number of type I (glomus) cells and total carotid body volume in Epas1L/L mice exposed to sustained hypoxia, but these morphological changes were not observed in Epas1H/L and Epas1H/H mice (Ivy et al., 2022). Interestingly, after chronic hypoxia, the authors observed the expected increase in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, but this increase was not disrupted depending on Epas1 genotype. The measurement of oxygen-affinity properties (P50) for the different groups did not show effects of chronic hypoxia, with similar values of P50 for all deer mice Epas1 variants in normoxic or chronic hypoxic acclimatization conditions. Thus, the Epas1 variants examined were not associated with changes in haemoglobin concentration nor oxygen-binding properties. This is relevant because other studies performed by the authors with a similar approach describe how evolutionary pressure exerted by hypoxia and high altitude may be favouring variants in other hypoxia-related genes, such as those involved in haemoglobin concentration and O2 affinity, and those involved in mechanisms of oxygen transport to the tissues (Wearing et al., 2021). These studies performed in deer mice provide an elegant model for studying the contribution of genetic factors in physiological adaptation to hypoxia. And the emergence of studies on genetic-driven changes in animal models


The article presents the results of a study of semi-cycle discontinuous characteristics of materials systems for adaptive clothing of people with motor disabilities. The expediency of experimental evaluation of these indicators for a modern range of fabrics for clothing of this target audience is shown. The analysis of the results showed that the value of the discontinuous characteristics depends on the structural characteris- tics and the fibrous composition of the material systems and varies over a wide range. The change in the in- dicators of semi-cycle discontinuous characteristics of multilayer systems of materials in comparison with single systems is revealed. The effect of multicycle stretching on the strength of the materials under study has been established. The obtained mathematical dependences make it possible to predict the change in the breaking load during cyclic deformation, simulating the operating conditions of these materials. The results of experimental studies can be applied at the design stage of adaptive clothing


The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organism from the smallest microbe in the soil to the human beings. The broad objectives of organic farming in India can be sustainable agriculture, environmental protection, increasing agriculture production, conservation of natural resources, food self-sufficiency and rural development in the light of the adverse effects of the conventional farming system the country practiced for about 30–40 years and the potential benefits of the organic methods. The North-East constitutes eight states and covers an area of 2.62 lakh sq.km. accounting for 7.9% of total geographical area of the country. With a total population of 39 million, it accounts for 3.8% of total population of India. It is a region with strong natural and human resources. The agricultural productivity is the lowest, irrigation facility almost non-existent in many of the areas and consumption of fertilizer is extremely low in the region. The region provides considerable scope and opportunity for organic farming due to least utilization of chemical inputs. It is estimated that 18 million hectare of such land is available in the North-East, which can be exploited for organic production. The paper discusses the progress and the present status of organic agriculture in the North Eastern state of Mizoram with reference to status and prospects of organic agriculture in the state from farming system perspective.


This paper describes the Wireless Access Ridesharing (WAR) ridesharing system in which a trip-matching computer is accessed by wireless pocket phones such as cellular or Personal Communications Services (PCS) phones. The paper discusses the need for such a ridesharing system, the concept of wireless access, and issues and benefits related to WAR.


To overcome shortcomings aroused by G code in Numerical Control(NC) machine tools,a scheme for establishing STandard for the Exchange of Product model data-NC(STEP-NC) system was proposed.The scheme was divided into two parts: control software and hardware.Control software with modularized design included five parts:interpreting module,man-machine interface,task coordinator,axis group and axis module.Aiming at the object-oriented characteristics of STEP-NC program,layout of the manufacturing features was planned for unit path aggregation in interpreting module.Based on the unit path aggregation,other modules with finite state machine behavior model finally realized machining by controlling of servo system.For the hardware,an open architecture was used to adopt different products from different factories,which were connected by SERCANS bus.With machining testing,the expected machining features were realized,which proved that interpreting module was accurate and NC system was stable.


I read with great interest the recent case reported by Kow et al regarding a six-year-old child with a supracondylar humerus fracture with a pink, pulseless hand presenting on the sixteenth day post trauma. The authors proceeded with an open reduction via anterior approach to explore the brachial artery. This is an unusual presentation and the child fortunately benefited from the procedure with improved cosmetic and functional outcome and no Volkman's contracture complication. Being at sixteen days with radiographic evidence of callus in a very young child with a functional viable hand, it is interesting to deliberate on the need to explore the vessel?


After decades of slow growth since Independence from the British Raj, Indian economy registered its own small miracle, when growth rate of GDP per capita surpassed the long term growth rate of many advanced economies. What caused this miracle? In this paper, we search for an answer in the neoclassical growth model. We use productivity as measured by Solow residual as our exogenous shock. Our idea is to quantitatively measure to what extent ‡fluctuations in productivity can account for observed ‡uctuations in macro economic aggregates in India. We find that exogenous fl‡uctuations in productivity can well account for fl‡uctuations in output during the boom periods of 1982 to 1988 and 1993 to 2002. However, fluctuations in productivity alone results in a much worse drop in ouput during 1988 to 1993 than observed in the economy.


This study measures the impact of the federal fund rate on the lending rate and the consumer price index in Jordan during the period 1994-2013, relying on monthly data. The study finds that common changes that occur in the U.S. federal fund rate lead to direct changes in the lending rate in Jordan, and these changes are statistically significant. The study also finds that the changes in the U.S. federal fund rate lead to direct changes also in the consumer price index and these changes also are statistically significant.


Physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods are important to resident satisfaction for clinical and nonclinical populations. This study draws upon data collected from a sample of 172 individuals with psychiatric disabilities living in 16 supportive housing sites in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Research questions explore the extent to which subjective and objective measures of neighborhood physical and social environments contribute to neighborhood satisfaction for this population. Mixed methods were employed to construct a detailed understanding of the factors that influence satisfaction with one's neighborhood of residence. Predictor variables were neighborhood social climate, neighborhood physical quality, perceptions of safety, crime reports, neighborhood diversity, and WalkScore data. This study found that aspects of the social environment collectively accounted for more variance in neighborhood satisfaction than physical environmental variables; further, subjective assessments of the environment were more predictive of neighborhood satisfaction than objective indicators. Qualitative data were collected on aspects of the neighborhood that residents liked and disliked. These data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to contextualize quantitative findings. Findings provide important information regarding neighborhood features that contribute to or detract from neighborhood satisfaction among individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Supportive housing programs aiming to improve residents' wellbeing and increase residential tenure may consider looking to features of the neighborhood that most impact resident experiences. UNDERSTANDING NEIGHBORHOOD SATISFACTION ii


Based on the monitoring data of hot spots and forest fire danger weather indexes(three ratings of relatively high,high and extremely high)from Feb.11 at 16:00to Apr.20at20:00of 2015 issued by National Meteorological Center of China Meteorological Administration(CMA),their occurrence items and frequencies were counted for the State Grid's administrative regions like provinces and zones.Total fire hazard ratings were determined by ranking seven single hazard items and calculating via their weight ratios.The province with higher total fire hazard rating was figured out.Its typical wildfire accidents in 2012-2014 were analyzed.Results show that Sichuan Province can be taken as the typical region since its total hazard rating of hot spots ranks seventh,the hazard ratings of relatively-high forest fire danger weather indexes for Southern Sichuan and Western Sichuan rank second and fifth respectively,the hazard ratings of high forest fire danger weather indexes for Southwestern Sichuan,Western Sichuan and Southern Sichuan rank third,fourth and fifth respectively,the hazard rating of extremely-high forest fire danger weather index for Southwestern Sichuan ranks first.The spots of wildfires usually hold complex topographies,steep terrains,dry climate,strong wind force,casual wind direction,winding fire fronts and dense fumes.Wildfires usually break out in Mar.and Apr.with portions of 33.3%and time frames of 12:00-18:00with a portion of 53.3%.The primary forest forms on spot are Pinus yunnanensis,spruce,oak,grass and shrub.


1,1′-Diphosphaferrocene (1) and its 3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl (2), 3,3′,4,4′-tetraphenyl (3), octamethyl (4), octaethyl (5) and octaphenyl derivative (6) have been investigated in terms of the suitability of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes as adsorbate species for fabricating self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. Compounds 3 and 6 have been structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction. Complexes [Au(4)2][GaCl4] and [Au2(µ-5)2][FeCl4]2 have also been prepared and are only the second and third examples to date of structurally characterised (1,1′-diphosphaferrocene)gold complexes. [Au(4)2][GaCl4] exhibits intramolecular Au···Fe contacts compatible with Fe→Au bonding interactions, which have not been described before in ferrocene chemistry. [Au2(µ-5)2][FeCl4]2 exhibits an intramolecular Au···Au contact indicative of aurophilic bonding, leading to a structural motif unprecedented for 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes. Ultrathin films obtained by chemisorption of the 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes from solution onto gold substrates have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the surface binding of 1 involves the Fe atom together with both P atoms, whereas in the other cases, surface binding can be realised with just one phospholyl ring. There is no indication of any oxidative decomposition of the adsorbates on the surface. According to NEXAFS spectroscopic results 6 gives rise to SAMs of high orientational order.


NC simulation can reduce the cost of manufacturing workpieces and improve their machining quality by verifying the correction of the NC programs before practical machining. Based on the motion analysis of 4-axis WEDM machine tools, the conclusion shows that during machining a ruled surface with linear boundary curves, the maximum inclining angle of wire and displacement of the machining table and the wire guiding head occur on the vertex of the boundary lines. An algorithm for calculating the maximum angle and displacement is given to avoid the motion collision of the machining table and the wire guiding head, thus verifying the processability of the workpieces in a given WEDM machine tool.


Abstract : The author presents his views on the subject: If the United States is involved in a thermonuclear war, can population losses be held essentially to those caused directly by the war, and can the nation recover its prewar achievements in political organization, human welfare, and production.


: YBCO is a family of crystalline chemical compounds famous for displaying hight-temperature superconductivity And synthesized YBCO superconductor by using solid åstate reaction in order to study structural, optical and electrical properties of pure Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and when dopping with Aluminium oxide AL 2 O 3 . The optical properties for pureYBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 whichdopped with AL 2 O 3 was studied by using ultraviolet-visibleSpectrophotometry (UV/VIS),the transmittance and absorbance spectra were recorded include the wavelength range of (200-800)nm, the results showed thatTransmittance decreases with the increasing in the wavelength between (200- 300) nm, and then remains constant with increasing the wavelength, and absorbance increased with the increasing wavelength between (200- 300) nm, and then remains constant with increasing the wavelength, and the Absorption Coefficient, refractive index and extinctioncoefficient were also calculated. The optical energy gap decrease when we increase the dopping with YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 whichdopped with AL 2 O 3 , and also The optical conductivity increase with elevated of absorbance.Theelectrical properties studied by using I-V measurements, We also subjected our sample for I-V characterization at different sample through four probe method and able to measure the critical current density (J) and found a decrement of critical current density with increment of dopping, where electrical conductivity was calculated, the results also showed that The electrical conductivity for pureYBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 dopped with AL 2 O 3 its increase when increased the dipping concentration.


A concise overview of the diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera of Indian Himalaya, a global biodiversity hotspot, is presented. The current study summarizes the diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera of the seven Himalayan states of India: Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Utter Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. This study documents 10 families, 34 genera, 89 species. A total of 57 species are considered endemic to the region. The richest diversity is reported from the states of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh and the maximum diversity is seen within three families and three genera. Updated information on Ephemeroptera of the Himalaya parts of Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and China is required to comprehensively understand the diversity and endemicity of the hotspot. Further, to advance our knowledge of Ephemeroptera of the region, a synthesis of the taxonomy of adults and larvae with description of all life history stages within a molecular phylogenetic framework is urgently required.


Shoulder dislocation is the most popular dislocation of a major joint (1), which results in severe pain and possible complications such as fracture of the humerus, glenoid, injury to blood vessels or nerves (1). When the movement of the humeral head over the eroded surface of the glenoid is excessive and symptomatic, it is known as instability. Shoulder instability following dislocation is often seen in young people (1). Surgical intervention is necessary for the patients suffering from recurrent shoulder instability following the first episode of shoulder dislocation (1). Anterior shoulder instability (ASI) is the major direction of dislocation and also the most operated shoulder instability (1). The common surgical treatments of recurrent ASI include the Bankart procedure (open or arthroscopic), the Latarjet and the Bristow procedures (open or arthroscopic) (2). One of the major function outcomes after surgery is to evaluate recurrence of instability. A 20-year follow-up study in 68 Latarjet procedure-treated patients showed that the postoperative rate of recurrence was only 5.9%, which indicated that Latarjet procedures gave excellent long-term outcomes in the treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability (3). More recently, arthroscopic Bankart-Bristow-Latarjet procedures were performed in 47 patients with glenoid bone loss and capsular deficiency and the patients were followed up for average 16 months with the mean Rowe score as 88±16.7, and the mean Walch-Duplay score as 87.6±12.9; this study illustrated that arthroscopic Latarjet procedure is a safe and reproducible technique (4). A larger scale study with 180 arthroscopic Latarjet procedures found that patient-reported outcomes have 91% excellent scores and 9% good at 26 months (5). However, the long term outcomes of arthroscopic Latarjet procedure have not been fully studied previously.


One of the solutions in overcoming the use of communication frequency that is not suitable for radio communication, especially in maritime communication is to design communication devices that are in line with the spectrum regulated by the regulator, where one of the frequencies in regulations is in the VHF spectrum. To maximize the range of the radio communication device, a Power Amplifier system is designed that can maximize the transmit power of the radio from its basic 1-watt value. Power Amplifier system will be designed on a voice communication radio with the amount of output power reaching a value of 20 watts by utilizing the RD15HVF1 (MOSFET). The Power Amplifier system consists of 3 main circuits, namely the switching circuit, the power amplifier circuit along with impedance matching, and another one is the low pass filter circuit.


Already since the beginning of the 20 th century, Thriassion Plain has been the area that bore the brunt of the industrialization of Greece through the establishment and operation of a large number of industrial and production units. The focus of the present study is the growth of the number of established activities over time and the consequent change in land use. For the aforementioned research, census data were used, as well as the results of a model which was developed for this purpose. Auxiliarily, available Landsat satellite images were used for the supervisory confirmation of results. Finally, a summary of the results of the land use classification is presented, as it derives from the respective study carried out in 2000. The processing of data and the results drawn demonstrate that: established activities in the area are marked by a continuous growth, though the rate varies among the different local authorities. In addition, what appears to have played a significant part in the evolution of activities and residential zones of the area is the land surface available in each one of the local authorities.


In 1981, the Palliative Care Foundation undertook the first national survey of palliative care programs in Canada. Until this survey, there had been no attempt to describe in a comprehensive way palliative care as it had developed and was developing across the country. A questionnaire was developed for the survey which asked each palliative care program for basic data about whom the program served and how it operated. It was with some trepidation that the questionnaire was sent out since we did not know at the time whether programs, in fact, had the data we were requesting. Nor did we have any idea how many programs there were across the country or where they were located. We began by surveying hospitals and asking the hospitals, in turn, to inform us of any other programs known to them, either in their own communities, or in nearby locations. Through this long and tedious process we were able to establish what we believed to be the network of programs which existed at the time. Needless to say, our crude" search" procedures resulted in omissions, but, on the whole, we felt our first attempt at a national profile of palliative care was complete enough to be useful. Between 1981 and 1985, the Foundation was aware of considerable growth taking place in palliative care. It became evident that the Canadian scene was changing so rapidly that it was necessary to plan once again for a re-survey of Canadian palliative care programs. In October, 1985, we obtained funds from the Richard and Jean Ivey fund for a new survey. The funds we received covered not only the cost of a new survey, but also the cost of producing a new edition of the Canadian Palliative Care Directory.


Abstract : This report describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Army Learning Organisation Questionnaire (ALOQ). Following a review of social sciences literature, four questionnaires used to measure learning organisation characteristics were identified, and then evaluated against specific validity and reliability criteria. Two instruments had the best psychometric properties; Marsick and Watkins' (2003) Dimensions of a Learning Organization (DLOQ) and Goh and Richard's (1997) Organisation Learning Survey (OLS). These two questionnaires were adapted for use within Army using a three phase pilot process. The resulting questionnaire was named the ALOQ. The ALOQ was administered to the target population (390 Army personnel) and its psychometric properties were evaluated. The ALOQ statistical reliability was found to be acceptable; Cronbach alphas over 0.7 for dimensions. ALOQ validity was evaluated using both theoretical and statistical means. An exploratory factor analysis found latent factors in line with those found in DLOQ and OLS (N=3700 Army personnel). Thus, the ALOQ was found to be reliable and valid measure of learning organization characteristics, suitable for administration within the military.


The operating temperature of silicon-based solar modules has a significant effect on the electrical performance and power generation efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules. It is an important parameter for PV system modeling, performance evaluation, and maximum power point tracking. The analysis shows that the results of physics-based methods always change with seasons and weather conditions. It is difficult to measure all the needed variables to build the physics-based model for the calculation of operating temperature. Due to the above problem, the paper proposes an online method to calculate operating temperature, which adopts the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) algorithm. The comparative analysis is carried out using data from the empirical test platform, and the results show that both the BP-ANN and the support vector machine (SVM) method can reach good accuracy when the dataset length was over six months. The SVM method is not suitable for the temperature modeling because its computing time is too long. To improve the performance, wind speed should be taken as one of the models' input if possible. The proposed method is effective to calculate the operating temperature of silicon-based solar modules online, which is a low-cost soft-sensing solution.


Materials work concentrated on attempts to develop the growth of sizeable, good quality Zn/sub 3/P/sub 2/ single crystals into a routine process. These attempts have been only partially successful. It was observed that the rate of material transport, under nominally identical conditions, varied from sample to sample. Since it had already been shown that this transport rate is very sensitive to the composition of the vapor during growth, we have arranged to control this composition by incorporating a small effusion hole in the wall of the growth ampoule to serve as a controlled leak. With this refinement reproducible transport rates have been achieved. Two problems remain to be solved before the growth process becomes routine. These are the formation of excess nuclei, which currently limits grain size, and strain which results upon cooling the crystal from its growth temperature to room temperature.


— In this paper, we first outline Box-Jenkins (B-J) notation and the stages in their approach to time series analysis and forecasting, u e. identification, estimation and diagnostic checking, and forecasting. We then describe the associated statistical tools used in the choice of B-J modeis and also discuss seasonal B-J models. We then go on to deal with a spécifie economie time series, identifying and estimating variant B-J models accordingly. After choosing a model for forecasting purposes, we compare its forecasts with those generated by an econometrie model. Finally, we describe extensions of the B-J approach such as "transfer junction modelling" and multivariate analysis, and discuss the recently proposed method of "intervention analysis" utilizing the B-J approach.


Chinese Medicine and Cancer Care Harriet Beinfield, LAc, and Efrem Korngold,LAc, OMD, have been practicing acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine for 30 years at Chinese Medicine Works in San Francisco, California. They are the co-authors of Between Heaven and Earth: A Guide to Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Modular Solutions Handbook for Health Professionals. Beinfield is on the Advisory Board of the University of California San Francisco Osher Center for Integrative Medicine.


Article history: Received January 20, 2015 Received in revised format 6 February 2015 Accepted 15 March 2015 Available online March 15 2015 Recommender systems help users faced with the problem of information overflow and provide personalized recommendations. Social networks are used for providing variety of business or social activities, or sometimes a combination of both. In this paper, by considering social network of users and according to users' context and items, a new method is introduced that is based on trust and context aware for recommender systems in social networks. The purpose of this paper is to create a recommender system which increases precision of predicted ratings for all users especially for cold start users. In the proposed method, walking on web of trust is done by neighbor users for finding rating of similar items and users' preference is gotten of items' context. The results show that suitable recommendation with user's context is provided by using this method. Also, this system can increase precision of predicted rating for all users and cold starts too and however, do not decrease the rating's coverage. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 201 ©


On 6 March 2013, the European Commission ('the Commission') decided to investigate in-depth the German exemption of large electricity consumers from network charges, as it was concerned that the…


This paper draws upon and critiques the Australian federal government's website My School as an archetypal example of the current tendency to abstract and quantify educational practice. Arguing in favour of a moral philosophical account of educational practice, the paper reveals how the My School website reduces complex educational practices to simple, supposedly objective, measures of student attainment, reflecting the broader 'audit' society/culture within which it is located. By revealing just how extensively the My School website reduces educational practices to numbers, the paper argues that we are in danger of losing sight of the 'internal' goods of Education which cannot be readily and simply codified, and that the teacher learning encouraged by the site marginalises more active and collective approaches. While having the potential to serve some beneficial diagnostic purposes, the My School website reinforces a view of teachers as passive consumers of information generated beyond their everyday practice.


Hyperlipidemia is pathological basis of middle aged and elderly people becoming senility,which can induce or aggravate hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease,also lead to functional damage of liver, we can prevent hyerlipidemia effectively with TCM through method of nourishing liver and kidney to lower blood fat,nourishing liver and kidney to activate the blood and lower blood fat,clearing the liver and eliminating the dampness to lower blood fat,nourishing the liver and invigorating the kidney to remove the stasis,dampness lower blood fat,ingivorating Qi and spleen to remove the stasis lower blood fat,removing phlegm and activating blood to lower blood fat,etc.


Corrosion processes occurring on copper in borate solutions were studied using electrochemical dc and ac as well as surface analytical techniques. It was found that at pH 7 in the absence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), passivity occurs through the formation of a duplex Cu 2 O/CuO, Cu(OH) 2 structure. In the presence of SDS, passivity breakdown is attributed to formation of the Cu(DS) 2 complex which has also been detected by reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AC impedance spectroscopy implies that migration of copper ions within the oxide film to the oxide surface proceeds more readily in the presence of DS at the potential where passivity breakdown starts to occur (0.050 V vs. SCE). At pH 7.5 no passivity breakdown is observed due to oxidation of Cu 2 O to CuO rather than to Cu 2- .


Summary To describe steady, two-dimensional, constant-density flow in a laminar boundary layer on a curved surface, a single equation may be derived from the complete Navier-Stokes equations, with no approximations being necessary. The conditions under which similar solutions are attainable are discussed, and the validity of some previous calculations is upheld.


Frequency-modulation (FM) techniques1 have been widely recognized as a valuable tool in highresolution high-sensitivity laser spectroscopy.2 In a typical FM spectroscopic absorption experiment, a single-frequency ωc laser is phase-modulated at radio frequency ωrf by an electrooptic modulator (EOM) generating two sidebands at ωc ± ωrf. The sidebands are absorbed differentially by a sample with narrow absorption features converting the laser phase modulation into amplitude modulation which is detected with standard heterodyne techniques.


The Macaulay2 [5] package AlgebraicOptimization implements methods for determining the algebraic degree of an optimization problem. We describe the structure of an algebraic optimization problem and explain how the methods in this package may be used to determine the respective degrees. Special features include determining Euclidean distance degrees and maximum likelihood degrees. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive software package combining different methods in algebraic optimization. The package is available at https://github.com/Macaulay2/Workshop-2020-Cleveland/tree/ISSAC-AlgOpt/alg-stat/AlgebraicOptimization.


As poo we get the space Em with the distance function maxi-, ... I xi X. Let, furthermore, lP stand for the space of real sequences with the series of pth powers of the absolute values convergent. Similarly let LP denote the space of real measurable functions in the interval (0, 1) which are summable to the pth power, while C shall mean the space of real continuous functions in the same interval. In all these spaces a distance function is assumed to be defined as usual. t L2 is equivalent to the real Hilbert space t. The spaces EmP, IP and LP are metric only if p > 1, but we shall consider them also for positive values of p O). A general theorem of Banach and Mazur ([1], p. 187) states that any separable metric space (5 may be imbedded isometrically in the space C. Furthermore, as a special case of a well known theorem of Urysohn, any such space (E may be imbedded topologically in t. Isometric imbeddability of (E in '& is, however, a much more restricted property of (B. The chief purpose of this paper is to point out the intimate relationship between the problem of isometric imbedding and the concept of positive definite functions, if this concept is properly enlarged. As a first approach to this connection we consider here isometric imbedding in Hilbert space only. It turns out that the possibility of imbedding$ in 6& is very easily expressible in terms of the elementary function e-t2 and the concept of positive definite functions (Theorem 1). The author's previous result ([10]) to the effect that i(,y), (O <,y < 1), which is the space arising from 6& by raising its metric to a


Summary A large dose of methylprednisolone (100 mg/kg) given to mice 1 hr before challenge with sparsomycin and bacterial endotoxin significantly prolonged their survival time. The same dose of methylprednisolone given 1 hr before challenge with pactamycin and bacterial endotoxin protected mice against the synergistic toxicity. Phenylbutazone (120 mg/kg) and chlorpheniramine (4 mg/kg) failed to diminish the toxicity of the pactamycin-endotoxin synergy. Sparsomycin, pactamycin, phenylbutazone, and 6α-methylprednisolone (Medrol) were generously supplied by Dr. G. S. Fonken, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.


The utility model relates to a secondary vacuum lifting device, comprising a middle liquid storage pot, a first-stage blow-off pipe, a second-stage blow-off pipe, a first-stage blow-off vacuum valve, a second-stage blow-off vacuum valve, a main vacuum pipeline, a second-stage vacuum pipeline and a controller for controlling the on and off of the first-stage blow-off vacuum valve and the second-stage blow-off vacuum valve, wherein the outlet of the first-stage blow-off pipe is connected with a pollution inlet pipe of the middle liquid storage pot through the first-stage blow-off vacuum valve, the inlet of the second-stage blow-off pipe is extended to the dirt adsorbing water level in the middle liquid storage pot, the outlet of the second-stage blow-off pipe is connected with the main vacuum pipeline through the second-stage blow-off vacuum valve, the middle liquid storage pot is arranged above the inlet of the first-stage blow-off pipe, and the inner cavity of the middle liquid storage pot is communicated with the main vacuum pipeline by the second-stage vacuum pipeline. In the secondary vacuum lifting device, sewage can be lifted by 3-5m one time under the condition that a power source is not increased, so as to meet the domestic sewage discharge requirements under the special conditions such as the water drainage at the same layer, the water drainage in underground buildings, and the like.


Abstract An outline of recent activities of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics in Japan (KEK) is given with an emphasis on its TRISTAN Project.


This article is devoted to materials testing by the acoustic emission (AE) method, which is the analysis of models and diagnostic parameters to assess the probability of detection of a defect in steel structures. The paper proposes to evaluate the emissivity of the material quantitatively by the number and dynamics of the accumulation of acoustic emission impulses. Experimental studies were carried out on pearlitic structural steels, including the loading of samples with fatigue cracks. It was established that the number of AE impulses emitted during loading of an object with a fatigue crack is a random variable corresponding to the normal distribution law. The results show that an estimate of the number of AE impulses emitted during the loading of samples with fatigue cracks can be obtained by distributing the multiplicative parameter D of the Palmer-Heald model by taking into account the maximum value of the applied load.


Abstract. Color images contain luminance and chrominance components representing the intensity and color information, respectively. The objective of this paper is to show the significance of incorporating chrominance information to the task of scene classification. An improved color-to-grayscale image conversion algorithm that effectively incorporates chrominance information is proposed using the color-to-gray structure similarity index and singular value decomposition to improve the perceptual quality of the converted grayscale images. The experimental results based on an image quality assessment for image decolorization and its success rate (using the Cadik and COLOR250 datasets) show that the proposed image decolorization technique performs better than eight existing benchmark algorithms for image decolorization. In the second part of the paper, the effectiveness of incorporating the chrominance component for scene classification tasks is demonstrated using a deep belief network-based image classification system developed using dense scale-invariant feature transforms. The amount of chrominance information incorporated into the proposed image decolorization technique is confirmed with the improvement to the overall scene classification accuracy. Moreover, the overall scene classification performance improved by combining the models obtained using the proposed method and conventional decolorization methods.


Abstract This paper explores the spatial considerations and relationship between necessity of expanding lignite mining, and urban resettlements as a context for human development and security. A situation is considered fragile when objective is to implement a strategy of safe resettlement. Moreover, those situations reflect how urban resettlement can be a social displeasure, despite health hazards of actual zones. The study presented in this paper explored the Shala neighbourhood of Hade village, focussing on urban resettlements, and environmental engineering issues. The research method consists of empirical observation throughout the zone, with an accent to the areas of resettlement. In order to receive a clear data and information, research is made within spatial regulation of urban planning, focusing on the environmental features regarding to the morphology of the area, air pollution, zones for expanding lignite mining and general hazards of public health. Case study was investigated through literature review, and the data collected includes maps, composition of urban structure, attributes of space, genius loci, and mining activities. Resettlements as a phenomenon pull away very sensitive social, safety and mental issues. We employ relatively new conceptual findings of urban planning, showing that the urban resettlement to a near village Shkabaj does not fulfil social, health and environmental objectives. Based on results of new resettlement area pollution, and urban planning issues presented in this paper, location for the resettlement of Shala neighbourhood of Hade village was not appropriate: as pattern for future urban resettlements in a context for environmental security and human development


The current study was designed to test Edwards' (1989) hypothesis that copying a visual stimulus presented in an inverse orientation activates processing in the minor (or non-dominant) hemisphere and results in superior artistic production through activation of an alternative way of "seeing." Thirty-eight research participants copied a line drawing in both right-side-up and upside-down orientations. The order of stimulus presentation was counter-balanced for different participants. A second set of 36 participants rated each of the 76 drawings on their similarity to the target drawing in normal orientation. A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that, contrary to Edwards' hypothesis, the drawings produced from the inverse orientation were not superior to those drawn from the normal orientation. Additionally, males (but not females) showed a practice effect such that their second drawing, regardless of orientation, was superior to the first. Also contrary to our hypothesis, participants' level of dissociation was negatively correlated with the rated quality of the drawings, with a higher level of dissociation associated with lower picture quality. The object of painting a picture is not to make a picture?however unreasonable this may sound. The picture, if a picture results, is a by-product and may be use ful, valuable, interesting as a sign of what has past. The object, which is back of ev ery true work of art, is the attainment of a state of being, a state of high functioning, a more than ordinary moment of exist ence. In such moments activity is inevi table, and whether this activity is with brush, pen, chisel, or tongue, its result is but a by-product of the state, a trace, the footprint of the state. (Robert Henri, The Art Spirit) Few books have had such a significant ef fect on art education as has Betty Edwards' (1979) book, Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain. Placement on The New York Times bestseller list as well as franchisee! art instruction workshops around the na tion attest to its influence. The research reported here examines one specific hy pothesis and exercise presented in the book, placing the exercise in the context of psychological research on stimulus ori entation and on the experience of disso ciation. Artists and instructors of art have for many years argued that the most important part of the artistic process is learning to "see" the way an artist sees. Robert Henri, an important figure at The Art Students League in New York City early in the last century, wrote in his book, The Art Spirit, "It is harder to see than it is to express. ...Rembrandt was a man of great under standing. He had the rare power of seeing deep into the significance of things" (Henri, 1923, p. 87). Drawing on the more recent hemispheric deafferentation literature (e.g., Levy, 1968), Edwards (1979) has argued that visual stimuli oriented upside down can activate a different way of seeing that she calls "R-mode" or "right brain" processing, a different state of consciousness (compare this to the quotation from Henri at the be ginning of the paper). She argues that the R-mode can facilitate artistic "seeing" and production. This is similar to "flow theory" (Csikszentmihalyi, 1991, 1997) in which Csikszentmihalyi argues that people enter a "flow state" when they are fully absorbed in activity during which they lose their sense of time and have feelings of great satisfac tion. Various scholars (e.g., Cohen, 1996; Frankel, 1990; Storr, 1993) have argued that dissociation is a component of artistic cre ativity and artistic production. Dissociation VISUAL ARTS RESEARCH ? 2003 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois 53 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Sat, 09 Apr 2016 07:11:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms has been defined as, "reported experiences and observed behaviors that seem to exist apart from, or appear to have been discon nected from, the mainstream, or flow of one's conscious awareness, behavioral rep ertoire, and/or self-identity" (Krippner & Powers, 1997, p. 8). Edwards (1979) presents an exercise early in her book intended to activate this alternative way of seeing. She encourages her readers to copy a line drawing portrait of Igor Stravinsky that is presented upside down (inverse orientation). She claims that the drawings of her students copying the stimulus in this inverse orientation are bet ter reproductions of the original drawing than those of students copying the portrait in normal orientation. While a more accu rate copy of another person's line drawing is not necessarily "superior" in an artistic sense to some alternative version, one could argue that the skill to produce an ac curate likeness of a person relies to some extent on the ability to produce an accurate representation. The results of a number of research stud ies support the hypothesis that an inverse orientation presentation (i.e., one which re duces the meaningful content of the object), should result in superior reproduction. Reith and Liu (1995) presented subjects with a trapezoid and a rectangle tilted so that their projective shapes on a frontoparallel plane (a di Vinci window) were identical. She found that subjects' drawings of the objects were affected by their knowledge of the true na ture of the object, so that there were signifi cantly greater errors in reproducing the rect angle. In looking at children's art, Reith (1988) notes several studies (e.g., Ingram, 1985; Luquet, 1967; Phillips et al., 1978; Pratt. 1983; Reith, 1987) that indicate that the meaningful content of objects encour ages children to use less visually accurate, stereotypical representations, whereas un familiar objects may encourage more ac curate representations. Similarly, Pariser (1981 ) argues that the talented and autistic Nadia drew excellent pictures because she was unwilling or unable to conceptualize what she was seeing, and he observes that as her language ability grew, her drawing ability diminished considerably. Additionally, Freeman, Evans, and Willats (1988, as cited in Willats 1997), ex amined the errors made by college students while copying different types of drawings. Most of the students produced errors in their drawings consistent with "object-centered description" (i.e., drawing what they knew as opposed to what they saw). The present study was designed to test Edwards' (1979) hypothesis, including a test of the effect of presenting a stimulus in nor mal versus inverse orientation, and mea suring the extent to which participants ex periences a feeling of dissociation while drawing.


A brief summary is given of the following sessions being offered at the Community Transportation EXPO '89: Employee Hiring and Firing; Practical Accounting; Proposal Writing; Dispatching Software; How to Make an Effective Presentation; Contracting in Rural and Small-Urban Areas; Risk Management for Community Transportation Operations. Also given are workshops which have been added since the announcement brochures were published.


Abstract : Cabinet fans are commonly used for central station air-handlers in commercial size heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. This report describes the conception, construction, and testing of a device to improve the efficiency of cabinet fans by improving the fan inlet conditions. By observing airflow within the cabinet, a region of streamline flow and the boundary of flow separation were outlined. Fan efficiency was improved by enhancing streamline flow and eliminating flow separation within the cabinet by installing a fiberglass fairing which guided the air. A fan was tested with and without the fairing in place; an overall 20 percent improvement in fan efficiency was observed with the fairing in place. (Author)


Drawing on the discourse of an untrained interpreter-mediated courtroom examination, this paper examines issues related to the accuracy in court interpreting and the role of the court interpreter, and the need for the legal professionals' awareness about the role of the court interpreter. Through illustrative examples, this paper demonstrates that untrained and incompetent interpreter's interpreting may influence the witness examination proper. The results clearly indicate that court interpreting service should be provided by trained professional interpreters and that legal professionals need to be aware of issues that may derive from inadequate court interpreting. This paper argues that legal professionals also need to understand how to work with interpreters in courtroom examinations. Finally, this paper calls for the judiciary's action on enhancing the quality of court interpreting that impinges on the exercise of justice.


Quantitative interpretation teams face two challenges when using model-based inversion: to extract meaningful wavelets and to build accurate low frequency models. The lack of low frequencies in conventional seismic data means that a low frequency model must be incorporated in the inversion process in order to recover absolute impedance values. Typically, low frequency models are obtained from low-pass filtered impedance logs. If well-logs are sparse and the geology complex, the well-derived low frequency model may be inaccurate and cause biased inversion results. One option to improve the low frequency model is to use seismic velocities. However, while seismic velocities provide information at very low frequencies (0-5 Hz), they are not usually suitable to provide information for the missing frequencies in the range from 5 to 10 Hz with conventional seismic data. Seismic data acquired using variable depth streamers are ideally suited for inversion as they provide directly these missing low frequencies, hence removing the need to build low frequency initial models from well data. In order to quantify the impact of the low frequency content on seismic inversion, comparative elastic inversion tests have been conducted using 3-D seismic data from conventionally towed Constant Depth Streamer (CDS) acquisition and broadband Variable Depth Streamer (VDS) acquisition. Both datasets from offshore Brasil, Santos Basin were acquired at different time. The CDS survey was acquired and processed in 2000, the VDS was acquired in 2012 and this paper uses fasttrack processing results. The VDS survey was acquired with streamer depth ranging from 10 to 50m.


The present invention discloses a method of wideband code division multiple secondary channel coding interleaving, prior to each transmission channel input data is written after the first matrix by-column manner, the following steps: identify each transport channel bits the number of minimum and greater than the value of Min zero; the number of bits of each transmission channel is divided by Min; repeated Min execution number of output bits of the transmission channel from each of the number of bits of non-zero transmission channel is divided by Min quotient obtained data ; determining the sum of the number of bits of each transmission channel output is zero or not, it is to start writing the matrix, otherwise. This proposed method of the present invention, allows the data of each transmission channel is distributed uniformly in a random time slot, to avoid interference due to transmission of each of a large fixed position caused by the difference channel error rate problem, thereby improving the communication reliability.


We explore the consequences of heavy quark spin symmetry for the charmed meson-antimeson system in a contact-range (or pionless) effective field theory. As a trivial consequence, we theorize the existence of a heavy quark spin symmetry partner of the X(3872), with $J^{PC}=2^{++}$, which we call X(4012) in reference to its predicted mass. If we additionally assume that the X(3915) is a $0^{++}$ heavy spin symmetry partner of the X(3872), we end up predicting a total of six $D^{(*)}\bar{D}^{(*)}$ molecular states. We also discuss the error induced by higher order effects such as finite heavy quark mass corrections, pion exchanges and coupled channels, allowing us to estimate the expected theoretical uncertainties in the position of these new states.


We investigate the dynamics of ring solitons in a defocusing medium with an imprinted Bessel optical lattice. They could reside on different rings in different order Bessel lattices and are stable provided that the lattice is deep enough.


For sufficiently low frequencies so that the adiabatic assumption holds, the sound velocity in a bubbly medium consisting of an air—water froth has been described by Wood's equation [A. L. Anderson and L. D. Hampton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 1865–1889 (1980)] where the adiabatic compressibilities and densities of the bubble (heretofore air) and water are weighted by their respective fractional volumes. For adiabatic volume changes, bubble compressibility is inversely proportional to the ratio of specific heats. Heretofore, the specific heats considered were those for air. But bubbles innately have two additional degrees of freedom due to the energies partitioned into surface tension and buoyancy. These two additional degrees of freedom are investigated and a corrected ratio of specific heats is developed for incorporation into Wood's equation. In all cases, this correction lowers the sound velocity in a bubbly medium. [Work supported by the Independent Research Program of the Naval Ocean Systems Center.]


Background: Focal cerebral ischemia results in delayed neurodegeneration in remote brain regions, such as the substantia nigra. To date, a reasonable explanation is still lacking regarding the correlation of magnetic resonance (MR) signal pseudo-normalization following a transient abnormal change and subsequent progressive pathological


The purpose of this research is to analyze the recognition of income and expenses on the CV. Taruna by adjusting it to the method stated in the standard statement of financial accounting number 34. There are two methods of recognition of income in PSAK No. 34 namely the completed contract method and completion percentage method. The research method used is descriptive method with interview data collection techniques and documentation. Based on the results of data analysis shows that the recognition of income and expenses is not in accordance with financial accounting statement number 34 because in the recording of advances received by the company recorded as income and recording of costs incurred only during the project period only recorded in the daily cash book and the results of the recording have not been journalized.