From the perspective of "Two Basic Learning Theory",we analyzed the characters of mathematics knowledge such as extra-experience,induction and procedure and discussed the characters of learning mathematics basic knowledge and basic skills such as foundation and inheritance.So we thought reception learning was necessary.On the other hand,we analyzed Chinese teachers' teaching strategies used to teacher mathematics basic knowledge and basic skills such as variation teaching,heuristic exposition and so on.So we thought reception learning was effective and meaningful.We should achieve appropriate balance between reception learning and inquiry learning.


In many wireless sensor network applications, the data collection sink (base station) needs to find the aggregated statistics of the network. Readings from sensor nodes are aggregated at intermediate nodes to reduce the communication cost. However, the previous optimally secure in-network aggregation protocols against multiple corrupted nodes require two round-trip communications between each node and the base station, including the result-checking phase whose congestion is O(logn) where n is the total number of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an efficient and optimally secure sensor network aggregation protocol against multiple corrupted nodes by a weak adversary. Our protocol achieves one round-trip communication to satisfy optimal security without the result-checking phase, by conducting aggregation along with the verification, based on the idea of TESLA technique. Furthermore, we show that the congestion is constant. This means that our protocol suits large-scale wireless sensor networks.


Independent vector analysis (IVA) can theoretically avoid the permutation problem in frequency domain blind source separation by using a multivariate source prior to retain the dependency between different frequency bins of each source. In this paper a mixture of multivariate super Gaussian distribution and multivariate Student's t distribution is adopted as a source prior for the IVA algorithm. The Student's t distribution due to its heavy tail nature can better model the high amplitude information in the frequency bins and at the same time a dependent super Gaussian distribution can be adopted to model other information in the frequency bins. The weight of both distributions is varied in the source prior mixture and their separation performance is tested over different scenarios by using the image and binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs). Detailed simulation results confirms that the IVA algorithm with the proposed mixed multivariate source prior can consistently achieve better separation performance.


A nickel catalytic System that makes it possible to obtain branched compounds from fatty Substances by reacting Simple olefins on polyunsaturated esters, which may or may not be conjugated, is described. The compounds that are obtained may be hydrogenated and used as lubricant bases or may be transformed according to known procedures into compounds of acid, alcohol, amine or amide type, used in varied applications.


We describe the techniques used to characterize the components of the IBIS instrument in the laboratory in order to determine the operational performance of the completed instrument. In particular, we have measured the surface and coating irregularities of the two Fabry-Perot interferometers at the heart of IBIS. From this we construct a theoretical transmission profile for the instrument and relate that to the accuracy that can be obtained in measurements of the Sun.


Gibbons and Sherwood demonstrated the use of three types of criterion-scaled code vectors in regression analyses to test the hypothesis of mean treatment differences from repeated measures, an equivalent hypothesis to that of a randomized blocks analysis of variance (ANOVA) design. This short paper shows that the analysis of variance (ANOVA) source table and the regression analysis R2`s may be recovered quickly from the margin sums and cell variances of the design matrix exclusive of ANOVA "correction" factor or actual regression equation computations.


The design and implementation of a real-time passive high Doppler resolution radar system is described in this paper. Batch processing and pipelined processing flow are introduced for reducing the processing time to enable real-time display. The proposed method is implemented on a software defined radio (SDR) platform. Two experiments using this system are described: one based on small human body motions and another one on hand gesture detection. The results from these experiments show that the proposed system can be used in a range of application scenarios such as eHealth, human-machine interaction and high accuracy indoor target tracking.


Using a high-speed digital optical system, we determined the propagation characteristics of two leader/return-stroke sequences in the bottom 400 m of the channel of two lightning flashes triggered at Camp Blanding, Florida. One sequence involved a dart leader and the other a dart-stepped leader. The time resolution of the measuring system was 100 ns, and the spatial resolution was about 30 m. The leaders exhibit an increasing speed in propagating downward over the bottom some hundreds of meters, while the return strokes show a decreasing speed when propagating upward over the same distance. Twelve dart-stepped leader luminosity pulses observed in the bottom 200 m of the channel have been analyzed in detail. The luminosity pulses associated with steps have a 10-90% risetime ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 μs with a mean value of 0.5 μs and a half-peak width ranging from 0.9 to 1.9 μs with a mean of 1.3 μs. The interpulse interval ranges from 1.7 to 7.2 μs with a mean value of 4.6 μs. The step luminosity pulses apparently originate in the process of step formation, which is unresolved with our limited spatial resolution of 30 m, and propagate upward over distances from several tens of meters to more than 200 m, beyond which they are undetectable. This finding represents the first experimental evidence that the luminosity pulses associated with the steps of a downward moving leader propagate upward. The upward propagation speeds of the step luminosity pulses range from 1.9×10 7 to 1.0×10 8 m/s with a mean value of 6.7×10 7 m/s. In particular, the last seven pronounced light pulses immediately prior to the return stroke pulse exhibit more or less similar upward speeds, near 8×10 7 m/s, very close to the return-stroke speed over the same portion of the channel. On the basis of this result, we infer that the propagation speed of a pulse traveling along the leader-conditioned channel is primarily determined by the channel characteristics rather than the pulse magnitude. An inspection of four selected step luminosity pulses shows that the pulse peak decreases significantly as the pulse propagates in the upward direction, to about 10% of the original value within the first 50 m. The return-stroke speeds within the bottom 60 m or so of the channel are 1.3×10 8 and 1.5×10 8 m/s for the two events analyzed, with a potential error of less than 20%.


Stone fruits consumption is expected to rise worldwide, since consumers pay more and more attention for their health. Therefore, natural foods having enhanced functional properties may be popular in the future. The increased consumption of fresh fruits has several health-promoting effects. Because of their high antioxidant capacity, fresh fruit reduce the risk of several degenerative diseases (i.a. cancer, stroke, cardiovascular diseases) (Liu, 2003; Scalzo et al., 2005; Dauchet & Dallongeville, 2008). Among stone fruits, sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most popular fruit containing considerable levels of ascorbic acid and polyphenolics (Serrano et al., 2005; Usenik et al., 2008). One of the most important polyphenolics in sweet cherry is anthocyanin. Fruits' anthocyanin content can be easily assessed from the red colour intensity of fruit peel and flesh. Some cultivars produce dark red or black fruits due to high contents of anthocyanins, while others contain only limited quantities from this compound. Comparing the antioxidant power of cultivars with differently coloured fruits may increase the popularity of formerly important traditional cultivars. Most commercial sweet cherry cultivars are selfincompatible, which require another cultivar with different Sgenotype for economically acceptable fruit set. Currently, 41 cross-incompatibility groups (CIG) are known (I-XLI) (Gisbert et al., 2008; Marchese et al., 2007; Schuster et al., 2007; Stanys et al., 2008; Tobutt et al. 2004). The members of such CIGs will not give eligible fruit set if interplanted in an orchard without another compatible cultivar. Different lengths of both introns in the S-RNase alleles have been successfully used to identify S-alleles in sweet cherry genotypes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Sonneveld et al., 2001, 2003;Wiersma et al., 2001). Sweet cherry displays great phenotypic and genetic diversity in Eastern Europe including Ukraine. Some cultivars were traditionally popular in the member states of the former Soviet Union ('Tavrichanka', 'Melitopolskaya' or 'Valeriy Chkalov' etc.) and hence were intensively used in breeding programs during the past decades. Since many fruit characteristics of these cultivars are still unknown (e.g. anthocyanin content, antioxidant properties), their inclusion into modern breeding programs may hold opportunities. In the present study we characterized some nutraceutical properties of eight Ukrainian cultivars and compared them to Preliminary evaluation of breeding perspectives of Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars: nutraceutical properties and self-incompatibility


Among the challenges encountered during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), firm "retraction" of the muscularis propria towards the tumor (the "muscleretracting" sign) can lead to non-curative resection, failure to complete ESD, or perforation [1]. Peranal endoscopic myectomy has been introduced as a means for dealing with such lesions, its merit however is currently limited to the lower rectum, where the muscularis propria is thicker compared with the rest of the colon [2]. Based on the above, we decided to illustrate a technical variation of ESD that was used to achieve an R0 resection for a cecal type 0-Is tumor with the muscle-retracting sign (▶Fig. 1; ▶Video 1). During colonoscopy, an 18-mm 0-Is tumor was identified in the cecum of an 80-year-old man with a history of poststroke paralysis. Because of the patient's age and underlying disease, ESD was performed. During ESD, a muscle-retracting area was recognized in the center of the lesion and the surrounding submucosa was dissected to expose this area. The mucosal incision was then completed, leaving only the muscle-retracting area temporarily intact (▶Fig. 2 a). In order to achieve R0 resection and prevent perforation, a reopenable hemoclip was anchored onto the muscle-retracting area as close as possible to the muscularis propria (▶Fig. 2 b). The remaining tissue above the clip was then dissected, while avoiding contact between the ESD knife and the metal "arms" of the hemoclip E-Videos


The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) administered the 2009 Hajj, the largest annual mass gathering of people from about 160 countries, amid a declared global H1N1 pandemic. The unexpectedly low incidence of H1N1 during the Hajj is of concern.1 The official report for the 2009 Hajj refers to laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic pilgrims who sought clinical care in Hajj-related clinical facilities during the five-day period of Hajj. Because of the short duration of the Hajj rituals (5 days), the commitment of pilgrims to perform the Hajj rituals, and the mild clinical course of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza for most infected persons, it is possible that symptomatic pilgrims may have deferred contact with the healthcare system, unless symptoms became severe. This could explain the high case fatality observed during the Hajj despite the low disease burden. Furthermore, illnesses that developed after the strictly defined five-day Hajj rituals are not included in the statistics released on the final day of Hajj.

For the 2009 Hajj, KSA collaborated with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, and the US Naval Medical Research Unit #3 based in Cairo on H1N1 surveillance. The activities included clinic-based sentinel laboratory surveillance in Hajj-specific clinics and community-based laboratory surveillance activities at the Jeddah Airport Hajj Terminal during the arrival and departure of pilgrims. Given the one- to four-day incubation period of influenza viruses, the departure survey of about 3000 pilgrims (about 0.01% of an estimated 2.5–3 million pilgrims) conducted during the first five days after the end of Hajj will help assess the burden of influenza infections acquired during the preceding Hajj period. Because the laboratory tests in these surveillance activities covered tests for all influenza viruses, real-time reporting of the test results was not feasible.

Participants in any mass gathering may not all travel in the immediate period before or after the mass gathering event, or may use multiple modes of transportation that limits surveillance data capture. Extended surveillance timeframes implemented at diverse entry and exit points are required to capture indicators of disease spread or amplification. Post-event surveillance should be an integral component of mass gathering surveillance systems to understand the full extent of diseases acquired during an event. Given that 75% of the pilgrims originate from the 40 lower or low-to-middle income countries2 with limited surveillance infrastructure, post-Hajj surveillance in home countries of pilgrims remains a challenge.

Rapid one-time disease surveillance among diverse international populations is feasible during mass gatherings and can greatly enhance and ultimately assure global public health security.3


A series of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with monolayer, bilayer and multilayer structures were prepared merely via a simple centrifugation method. It is noticeable that the as-prepared bilayer and multilayer GO nanosheet aqueous dispersions exhibit liquid crystal (LC) behavior. Not only the liquid- but also the solid-state of the obtained GO presented prominent functional LC behavior. Then, GO films were fabricated via simple drop-casting of concentrated GO (cGO) aqueous dispersions that retain the radial schlieren texture and show excellent electrical conductivities of 12 S cm−1 after chemical reduction. Thus it can be expected that utilizing the coating property of GO aqueous dispersions as well as the prominent birefringent linear features of the cGO films will have great potential for preparation of functional anti-counterfeiting components and energy materials.


This article monitors the spread and damage of oidium (Uncinula necator Burrill), anthracnose (Gloeosporium ampelophagum Sacc) and mildew (Plasmopara viticola Berl & De Toni) diseases in the vineyards of Tashkent, Samarkand and Fergana regions of Uzbekistan. In addition, additional monitoring work was carried out on the spread of the external quarantine vine bacteriosis Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al) in the vineyards of Uzbekistan. According to the results of research and observation in 2022, vine oidium disease is relatively low in the vineyards of Samarkand and Fergana regions (from 5.0% to 30.0% in leaves, branches and grape bunches), and strongly in the vineyards of Tashkent region (12% in leaves, branches and grape bunches). .0% to 100.0%) have been found to be harmful. Anthracnose disease is widespread in the vineyards of Tashkent and Samarkand regions (from 10.0% to 75.0% on leaves, branches and bunches of grapes), causing severe damage to vineyards, and it is relatively rare in Fergana region (from 5.0% to 20.0% on leaves, branches and bunches of grapes) was found to be spread.


The conversion of fertile rice land in some areas of rice production center has implications for food security achievement and farmers' income. This problem has been anticipated by government through creating new rice field in potential land including swamp areas. The research objective was to identify the potency, suitability and opportunity of the swamp areas for rice farming system in Tolitoli regency Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted in two stages: 1) Preparation and 2) Field and laboratory research. Three soil orders were found in the research areas including Histosols with sub groups ranged from typic sulfihemist to typic sulfibrist, Entisols with sub group sulfit endoaquent, and Inceptisols with sub groups typic endoaquepts and sulfit endoaquepts. The potency for rice plant development was quite good. The land suitability class for rice plant in Lampasio was Moderately Suitable (S2) with nutrient retention (nr) and oxygen availability were its limiting factor. Marginally Suitable class (S3) occupied parts of Buga and Lampasio with dominant limiting factors were flood hazard, sulfide, and nutrient retention. The land suitability class of Not Suitable could also be found in both Lampasio and Bunga.


Philosophie Positif, A. Comte stated, &dquo;Every attempt to employ mathematical methods, in the study of chemical questions, must be considered profoundly irrational and contrary to the spirit of chemistry. If mathematical analysis should ever hold a prominent place in chemistry-an aberration which is happily almost impossible-it would occasion a rapid and widespread degeneration of that science.&dquo; The arrival, in the 1960s, of accessible computing hardware and software allowed simulation modeling to become


The principles, directions and basic results of Ukhta State Technical University trade union organization activity are considered in the article. The description of the exclusive advantages of collective agreement which exists in USTU is given. University trade union activity is shown as an essential component of the Ukhta a university town concept.


Introduction: Different mechanical behaviors in resistance training can result in certain changes in the cardiovascular system. Objective: To verify the acute behavior of the main cardiovascular variables (heart rate, blood pressure, and double product) when performing resistance training with mono and multiarticular exercises. Methods: 10 male subjects participated in the study (26 ± 4 years; 81 ± 6 kg; 1.77 ± 2 m; 23 ± 1 kg / m2). They performed a test and retest for 8RM in the bench press and crucifix exercises on the machine. After the loads were outlined, they performed the intervention with the exercises, initially with a monoarticular activation containing two sets of 12 repetitions with 50% of the load acquired in the 8RM test of each exercise, using an interval of 60 seconds between one set and another. Additionally, three sets of 8 repetitions (80% 8RM) were performed with an interval between sets of 120 seconds. The execution speed was determined at a moderate level (2s for concentric, 2s for eccentric). It was measured before and during (series 1, series two, and series 3. Named as moments) heart rate exercises using POLAR, model RS800CX Multisport® and blood pressure using OMRON M6 (HEM-7001- E) ®. Then, the double product was calculated using the formula [HR (bpm) X SBP (mmHg)]. Results: In the heart rate analysis, there was an intra-condition difference for moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). In the inter-condition comparison, no differences were observed for rest (p = 0.994) and for moments 1, 2 and 3 (p> 0.999). In systolic blood pressure, intra-conditions, differences were observed for moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). In the inter-condition comparisons, there were no differences between rest (p> 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.714), 2 (p = 0.999) and 3 (p> 0.999). For diastolic blood pressure, intra conditions, for bench press no significant differences were found for moments 1 (p = 0.331), 2 (p = 0.505) and 3 (p = 0.505) when compared to rest. In the same way it was for the crucifix, wherein the comparison with rest, no difference was observed in moments 1 (p = 0.849), 2 (p = 0.195) and 3 (p = 0.105). In the same sense, no difference was also observed in the comparisons between conditions for rest (p> 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.999), 2 (p = 0.989) and 3 (p = 0.948). Finally, the double product in intra-condition comparisons found differences between moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). However, in the inter-condition comparisons, no difference was observed at rest (p = 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.868), 2 and 3 (p> 0.999). Conclusion: It is suggested that resistance training composed of mono and multi-joint exercises offers differences in hemodynamic responses but without differences between the types of mechanics applied by the exercises. Therefore, these results offer a partiality of what can happen with heart rate, blood pressure, and double product.


Agalinis bandeirensis is a Brazilian species distinguished by linear bracts, short pedicels, and villous stamens.Agalinis ramulifera, from southern Brazil, is distinguished by many, short, leafy branches and small flowers.Agalinis linarioides subsp.rojasi, from Paraguay, is distinguished by paniculate inflorescences, short calyx lobes, and broad corollas.Gerardia bangii, G. digitalis, andG. meyeniana are recognized as species ofAgalinis and appropriate transfers are made.


OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate part of Radix linderae reflexae. METHODS HPLC method was used. Chromatographic column was a Hypersil ODS2 C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm); mobile phase was water-methanol with gradient elution;detected wavelength was 297 nm; column temperature was 30 ℃ ; flow rate was 1.0 mL.min-1. RESULTS The HPLC fingerprint of ethyl acetate part of Radix linderae reflexae was established based on the determination of 23 batches of Radix linderae reflexae,and the similarity was analysized. The similarity evaluation is above 0.85 except the sample S13 collected from Xixia country in Henan province. CONCLUSION The method is simple and reliable,and can be used for control the quality of Radix linderae reflexae.


Along with the due of the emerging from the con- cept"digital city"to"smart city",this paper elaborates the challenges that geographic information technology encounters in this smart city time.Some potential research directions and frontier problems are proposed as reference resources for related academic and industry research.


The molecular mechanism of autophagy is complicated and it always affects the occurrence and development of tumor in many different degrees,so it is the new hot spot in pathological study area.The angiogenesis includes physiological vascularization and pathological vascularization,and the pathological new vessels which provide nutrition for the continuous growth of tumors have a close relationship to the development and metastasis of tumor.The process of angiogenesis can be affected by regulating the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells,which provides a new method for tumor therapy.

Key words:
Autophagy;  Neoplasms;  Vascularization, pathologic


This article concerns the mechanical movement of the heart. The complicated movement of the organ is the complex of the components: respirary movement of diaphragm, rotarory circle and vibration movement of the heart. The forces, causing this movements, are represented according to hemodinamic parameters and geometrical heart sizes.


Despite advancements in understanding cancer pathogenesis and the development of many effective therapeutic agents, resistance to drug treatment remains a widespread challenge that substantially limits curative outcomes. The historical focus on genetic evolution under drug "pressure" as a key driver of resistance has uncovered numerous mechanisms of therapeutic value, especially with respect to acquired resistance. However, recent discoveries have also revealed a potential role for an ancient evolutionary balance between endogenous "viral" elements in the human genome and diverse factors involved in their restriction in tumor evolution and drug resistance. It has long been appreciated that the stability of genomic repeats such as telomeres and centromeres affect tumor fitness, but recent findings suggest that de-regulation of other repetitive genome elements, including retrotransposons, might also be exploited as cancer therapy. This review aims to present an overview of these recent findings.


: We suggest a novel iterative scheme for solutions of singular boundary value problems (SBVPs) that is obtained by embedding Green's function into the Picard-Mann Hybrid (PMH) iterative scheme. This new scheme we call PMH-Green's iterative scheme and prove its convergence towards a sought solution of certain SBVPs. We impose possible mild conditions on the operator or on the parameters involved in our scheme to obtain our main outcome. After this, we prove that this new iterative scheme is weak w 2 -stable. Eventually, using two di ff erent numerical examples of SBVPs, we show that our new approach suggests highly accurate numerical solutions as compared the corresponding Picard-Green's and Mann-Green's iterative schemes.


This study examined the relationship between sport achievement orientation and cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence in a sample of male (n=60) track and field athletes. Subjects responded to the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) on five occasions during the precompetition period and also completed the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ). Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were employed in order to determine whether any of the SOQ subscales emerged as significant predictors of the CSAI-2 subscale scores. The dominant predictor to emerge for each anxiety subcomponent was the competitiveness subscale. The subjects were then dichotomized into high and low groups of competitiveness by means of the median-split technique. Two-way analyses of variance revealed significant group by time-to-competition interactions for both cognitive and somatic anxiety. In the case of cognitive anxiety, the high competitive group exhibited no change across time; the low competitive group showe...


Oceanographic survey measurements conducted by autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) require accurate localization. Long-baseline (LBL) navigation systems can have a high degree of accuracy, but have a limited operating range and are not easily re-deployed and surveyed. As field testing operations at the University of Idaho continue to expand, we are currently investigating the feasibility of replacing LBL localization with an ultrashort-baseline (USBL) system for AUV tracking and navigation. In this paper, we present a series of Monte-Carlo simulations that were performed to compare the measurement uncertainty between conventional LBL and USBL systems. Results from simulations suggest that USBL localization uncertainty is comparable to that of LBL albeit for a smaller operating range.


The astronomical community is intricately linked with e-Science by the nature of the research conducted. Efforts to formalise this relationship are highlighted by the creation of Virtual Observatory (VO) networks both locally (AusVO) and internationally (the US-based NVO, for example). The goal of these networks is to present astronomical archives as an integrated and interoperating virtual observatory, as well as to develop and deploy the tools necessary for international utilisation of the archives. This has resulted in a set of data standards being published by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). While much has been achieved, the VO networks can still be considered a fledgling industry in some sense as there are still many challenges to be met, especially as we move towards peta-scale data-sets. Furthermore, e-Science has now moved beyond the management of observational data to broadly encompass all computationally intensive areas of astronomy and astrophysics. The focus of the workshop will be on e-Science challenges within astronomy and astrophysics, the innovations that these challenges are producing now and the innovations that will be required in the near future. Broadly speaking this covers the creation, processing and visualization of data (via either computation or observation), which in turn relates to data-management and accessibility (and, by extension, the VO).


Based on field situation,the components and contents of the characteristic gases in transformer oil are analyzed.The internal relations between transformer faults and these gases are presented.The cautions in comprehensive analysis and judgement are summarized and given.


The Research Section of this volume consists of four pieces of work completed over the duration of the course. The first comprises a review of the literature regarding prelingual profound deafness exploring the three theoretically distinct ways in which this may impact on psychopathology and observing actual discrepancies between hearing and deaf populations. This review was completed during the first year of training.


To study the indication of the effectiveness, residue uptake, and persistence of when stored at room tempera- ture or at 0℃~4℃ in the management of postharvest decay in apple and melon. The residue levels in apple and muskmelon treated with azoxystrobin were studied by extraction with ethyl acetate/cyclohexane and determination by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen/ phosphorous (NP-) detection. The recoveries were in the range of 85% ~104% from fortified samples, and the limit of detection (LODs) was 0.001mg/kg. The residue levels in both fruit was below 0.1mg/kg, which was much lower than the tolerance level fixed for tomato (0.2mg/kg) in the United States and for peaches (0.8mg/kg) in Canada. The residue levels showed less during storage at low temperature. The residue levels reduced slowly along with the storage time. In peel the residue levels were higher than that in pulp.


The phenomenon of the increasing crime of"identity theft"has become a great public harm,yet the present condemnation system of criminal justice lags greatly far behind.According to the system of the condemnation of"the crime of bluffing and cheating,""the forgery of public seals of companies,enterprises,public institutions,and people 's organizations," and the crime of falsifying identity cards," the crime of "identity theft"can objectively be partially punished,but the formation of this system,for the most part,has not been a subjective legislative pursuit,but an unexpected legislative outcome.It is necessary,therefore,to study the conflict and challenge between the behavior of"identity theft"and traditional theory of criminal justice and to push forward the process of condemning"identity theft."


In view of the controlling cam's operating feature,proposed an optimization method and an optimization model under the condition of taking the minimizing size as objective function. It obtained an ideal design result by programming penalty function operation on computer,the result of the study was successfully applied in diecutting machine.


In order to assess the radiological dose to the public resulting from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident in Japan, especially for the early phase of the accident when no measured data are available for that purpose, the spatial and temporal distribution of radioactive materials in the environment are reconstructed by computer simulations. In this study, by refining the source term of radioactive materials discharged into the atmosphere and modifying the atmospheric transport, dispersion and deposition model (ATDM), the atmospheric dispersion simulation of radioactive materials is improved. Then, a database of spatiotemporal distribution of radioactive materials in the air and on the ground surface is developed from the output of the simulation. This database is used in other studies for the dose assessment by coupling with the behavioral pattern of evacuees from the FDNPS accident. By the improvement of the ATDM simulation to use a new meteorological model and sophisticated deposition scheme, the ATDM simulations reproduced well the 137 Cs and 131 I deposition patterns. For the better reproducibility of dispersion processes, further refinement of the source term was carried out by optimizing it to the improved ATDM simulation by using new monitoring data.


In this paper, based on Khalimsky grid, a new Random-valued Impulse noise identification and removal method is proposed. Khalimsky grid can presents the neighborhood relationship among the pixels in the sliding window, effectively. The local statistics of Khalimsky grid is used to define an adaptive threshold range to identify the central pixel in current sliding window as noisy or noise free in an iterative way. The identified noisy pixel is replaced by local statistics of propose vertical direction based noise removal method. The performance of the propose method is evaluated on different test images and compared with state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results show that the propose method can identify the impulse noise, as well as can preserve the detailed information of an image, efficiently.


Incidence and predictors of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) remain unknown because of the lack of prospective studies. Our objective was to assess the incidence and predictors of concomitant EBTB in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).


The proof is given of a new theorem concerning the minimum number of ideal grounded voltage-controlled voltage sources (VCVSs) necessary and sufficient to realize an arbitrary real square matrix as the short-circuit conductance matrix of a grounded transformerless active resistive multiport network embedding grounded VCVSs.


Monoclonal antibody production is moving towards high-titer processes. Development of such processes often requires pushing cell densities much higher which can amplify process sensitivity to nutrient feed addition amounts with regards to titer and to product quality. As such, these processes require tightly controlled feed additions during the process to balance nutrient consumption. Legacy manufacturing fed-batch processes have typically applied fixed-volume bolus feeds, which in combination with small variations in seed density and/or growth rates can result in significant variation in feed amount per cell. Therefore, for high-titer fed-batch processes, Biogen has moved to variable-volume biomass-dependent feeding via online biocapacitance for biomass measurement. The use of online biocapacitance enables monitoring of the batch performance real-time and has the potential to reduce the dependency on offline sampling and operator interactions as well as eliminate offline biomass analysis variation. This strategy has enabled Biogen to develop robust fed-batch processes with titers in the 7-10 g/L range.


Background: Patients with emergency conditions will get the first health service in the Emergency Room (IGD). The emergency room nurse has an important role in assessing and determining the severity of the patient. The nurse determines the priority of action and the need for treatment in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) using triage. One of the triage that can be done is triage scoring to facilitate nurses in determining high-risk and low-risk patients. Purpose: To find out the triage scoring used during the pandemic. Methods: Literature search is conducted using the PICO framework. This systematic review is limited to articles published from 2019-2021 with articles in English. The database used is Google Scholar. PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest which using the keywords score, triage, pandemic and emergency care. Results: Based on the three articles reviewed, an overview of the use of triage scores during a pandemic is obtained using the SODA score, modified PRIEST and double triage and telemedicine protocols. Giving the triage score can make it easier for health workers to identify high-risk patients and prevent unexpected events. Conclusion: Triage scoring can be applied at Covid-19 referral hospitals which helps nurses determine priorities and prevents special mortality in Indonesia, which is experiencing the second wave Keywords: Score, Triage, Pandemic


A comparative study of different constitutive models able to predict drained sand behaviour has been studied in this research. Comparisons have been made within the frame work defined by characteristics state of sand. These characteristics state include steady state line, quasi steady state line, upper reference line etc. The steady state line of Bagmati (Nepal) river sand has been determined from both the empirical relationship and from triaxial tests. Results from both methods show very good correlation. The steady state line has been used for constitutive modelling of drained behaviour of the sand. Existing Ishihara's model has been modified to fit the drained triaxial results. The modelling results are quite satisfactory and match with experimental results. Besides using state index as a model parameter, the state parameter and state pressure index have been used in basic hyperbolic equation proposed by Ishihara to model the drained behaviour of sand. Prevost and Duncan models have also been studied in this research. It has been found that these models can simulate strain hardening behaviour more accurately. For strain softening behaviour, the performance of these models is not satisfactory. INTRODUCTION There are several constitutive models characterizing the behaviour of sands. Some of the models that are commonly available are Kondener Model, Duncan Model, Prevost Model and Ishihara Model. Most models use elastic and elastoplastic concept. With the development of computer, numerical techniques such as finite element method, finite difference methods etc. are gaining popularity. These numerical techniques are widely used in geotechnical engineering. In geomechanics, to determine the response of a geologic material to a given loading situation, a predictive capability is used. For predictive capability, a material model describing the material behaviour, a method for evaluating the model parameters inputs and a computational procedure for the application to a particular problem are required. The material model describes the material through the constitutive equations, which is generally in an increment form relating stresses and strains. Kondener (1963) has given the functional relationship between shear stress (τ) and shear strain (γ). This model is applicable to both sand and clay. This function is simple but is not able to model failure accurately (Pyke 1979). Further Prevost proposed the modified hyperbolic function with power terms. This function is shown to offer more versatility for modelling stress strain behaviour in both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions at both low and high strain levels. An elastoplastic deformation law for sands incorporating the state concept is formulated (Cubrinovski and Ishihara 1998). These fundamental concepts for characterization and modelling of sand behaviour are unified in order to build a rational sand model that enables integral modelling over a wide range of density and normal stress state. The characterization of sand behaviour is based on the state concept using state index (Is). A modified hyperbolic relation is used to establish a rational stress strain model that captures the dependence of sand behaviour on the relative initial e-p state. 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Saitama University, Japan. 2 Geotechnical Engineer, Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal.


Based on the Ostwald rule of phase transformations, the reason why cubic antimony white can′t be produced from the hydrolysis neutralization of SbCl 3 is interpreted: during the neutralization transforming process of antimony oxychloride(Sb 4O 5Cl 2), the orthorhombic antimony white, the meta stable phase at low temperature, is firstly formed, and exists stably all along in fact, because the system can′t supply enough energy to move the atoms for phase transformations. Adding a little ligand such as EDTA, tartrate before neutralization to change the transferring reaction course, is the best method of synthesizing cubic antimony white (Sb 2O 3) by hydro process. [


Government in the United States has some serious problems. At the federal level, is the problem of gridlock. The United States Congress seems unable or unwilling to do anything about anything (although it must have done something to run up more than $16 trillion in debts). Forget about addressing problems such as global warming, income inequality, failing schools, economic stimulus or you name it. How bad is it, really? Has the United States become ungovernable, and is the Constitution to blame? In my view, it's a mixed bag. Some aspects of the United States government work very well, others are disastrous and still others muddle along, could be better but function just fine. Further, it is difficult to pin some of government's difficulties on any particular constitutional provision when the alternatives might be just as problematic. In this essay, I highlight examples in each of these categories and look at factors that might help us understand why things work as they do. Suggestions for change will be offered, often without considering political feasibility.


A case of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) and hepatocellular carcinoma in a 31-year-old user of oral contraceptives (OCs) is described. The patient had taken OCs since the age of 19 and had been treated 3 years previously with Clomid and Humegon for induction of ovulation. Clinical examination revealed only an isolated hepatomegalie and laboratory tests indicated a slight elevation of serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase activity to 73 UI/1. The liver was homogenous on sonography of micronodular surface at laparoscopy and a needle biopsy indicated probable "peri-sinusoidal deposits". Clinical examination 9 months later revealed a voluminous hepatomegalie and splenomegalie. Fibroscopy showed grade II varices. Sonogram and scanning showed a tumor in the left lobe of the liver surrounded by a voluminous homogenous hepatomegalie. The alpha-feto-protein level was above 8000 ng/ml. A left lobectomy was performed after which examination of the specimen showed a quite well differentiated trabecular hepatocellular carcinoma. The condition was diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma enclosed within a nodular regenerative hyperplasia. The postoperative course was marked by progressive deterioration of the general condition tumor extension to the right lobe and increase in the alpha-feto-protein level. The patient died 9 months later. Among the 128 cases of NRH published to date only 2 were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma 1 in a 73 year old women in whom the 2 conditions were diagnosed simultaneously and the other in a 35 year old woman on OCs presenting with digestive bleeding caused by rupture of an esophageal varice. NRH was diagnosed during surgery to treat the hemorrhage and a tumor was suspected due to elevation of the alpha-feto-protein level but was not observed until autopsy a year later. The 3 cases raise the question of whether NRH is a precancerous lesion. The observation in 2 of the cases of elevated alpha-feto-protein levels suggests that this indicator should be monitored in patients with NRH to permit early diagnosis and possible surgical cure in case of metastasis. The 3 cases also raise questions about the pathogenic role of combined OCs in inducing NRH hepatocellular carcinoma or malignant transformation of NRH.


Vapour-compression refrigeration systems represent one of the most relevant fields in terms of energy consumption. Among the research works aimed at reducing their environmental impact, those related to control systems are appealing, since they usually involve lower costs than interventions at system level and directly affects the energy consumption.
In this work, a library of models able to reproduce the dynamics of the main components of a vapour-compression refrigeration machine has been developed in Matlab/SIMULINK to supply the building blocks to investigate the effects of different control strategies on the energy performance and on the control quality of the system. To obtain models with low computational cost, the switched moving-boundary approach was adopted for the mathematical model of the heat exchangers.
Firstly, the models were numerically verified, using the Matlab toolbox Thermosys as a benchmark. A good agreement between the predictions of the two models was highlighted in the simulation of an air-to-air refrigerating machine; moreover the in-house models showed a better repeatability in the prediction of important quantities like refrigerant superheating, subcooling and charge.
The dynamic models were also experimentally validated, comparing their predictions with the experimental data acquired on a water-to-water refrigerating machine equipped with brazed-plate heat exchangers. Results showed a very good agreement between numerical and experimental data, also in terms of electric power absorption and COP, thus proving the model usefulness in transient energy analysis.
The effects of the suction accumulator and liquid receiver on the dynamics of the machine were also investigated. A novel lumped-parameter model combining the dynamics of the condenser and of the receiver was developed, allowing the coexistence of a non-zero subcooling at the condenser outlet and a partial filling condition of the receiver. An improvement in the prediction of the refrigerant pressure and temperature at the compressor outlet was highlighted.


The Australian Aboriginal shield (63 x 25 cm) is thought to be of the Gugu-Badhun people, Townsville, Queensland, collected by J. A. Boyd c.1888 of the W. J. Macleay Collection. The shield was analysed to identify the vibrant blue pigment. Of interest to anthropologists is the identification of the blue pigment used, asserted to be the laundry whitener Reckitt's Blue, possibly obtained by Aboriginals through trade with European Australians. Reckitt's Blue was manufactured by Reckitt & Sons, a laundry starch company established by Isaac Reckitt in Hull, England in 1840.


The article is dedicated to researching of life journey and creative legacy professor I.S. Samoshchenko. Particular attention is paid to analyzing his theoretic researches of delicts, legal responsibility and protection of legal order. The article covers the contribution to the preparation of the most important legislative drafts.


Resume The frog genus Phyllomedusa is represented in Costa Rica by six species. Analysis of variation in coloration, webbing, and measurements delineates features that distinguish the various forms. The characteristics of the flank pattern in the nominal species P. callidryas and P. helenae, utilized by previous authors to separate them, are shown to be subject to individual and geographic variation. The two forms represent two of many populations within a single species, P. callidryas. Reasons for not using the term subspecies for geographic segments of callidryas are presented. The diagnostic features and the geographic and ecologic distribution of the Costa Rican species, P. annae, P. calcarifer, P. callidryas, P. lemur, P. saltator and P. spurrelli, based on the entire species ranges, are discussed.


A Raman study on the relation between the silicon bonds and the deposition conditions of amorphous silicon films is presented. Changes in the Raman spectra are investigated as functions of the deposition conditions. The Raman shift of the TO peak is found to become larger when the substrate temperature is increased. Numerical calculations on the local vibrations of the silicon network are carried out and it is shown that the change in the peak position is caused by the change in the stretching force constant of the silicon bonds.


This study investigated the effects of bonding conditions on the mechanical properties at 1255K of Transient Liquid Insert Metal Diffusion Bonding (TLIM-bonding) joints of Ni-base superalloys, MM 007 with the commercial amorphous insert metals such as MBF-30, MBF-80 and MBF-90. The bonding conditions, viz., the bonding temperature, the bonding atmosphere and the homogenizing atmosphere were varied. The bonding temperature didn't affect the tensile property of the TLIM-bonding joint, but the bonding atmosphere and the homogenizing atmosphere affected it, viz., the tensile strength of the bonding joint was approximately equal to that of base metal at the bonding atmosphere of 13.3 mPa and at the homogenizing atmosphere of 6.7 mPa. Moreover, the tensile strength scattered without using the bonding spacer. It can be concluded by the detailed observation of the fractured surfaces of the bonding joints that the tensile strength lowered by forming the flat and brittle fractured surface due to the oxide film on the surface of base metal.


The aim of the study was to instill the practice of prayer in children and introduce them to Islam through the practices of their parents from an early age. Qualitative research methods were chosen, especially descriptive qualitative research. The study, conducted at TK Al Amanah, included five parents with children aged 4 to 6. The findings highlighted the significant role parents play in habituating worship in children within this age group. Leading by example proved to be influential in motivating and encouraging children to engage in worship activities, such as prayer, recitation, and supplication. Consistent and continuous parental guidance in worship had a positive impact on shaping children's moral and spiritual character. Effective communication and a gentle approach from parents also contributed positively to worship habituation. Furthermore, the study emphasized the influence of the environment on children's worship activities, as a comfortable setting facilitated familiarity and regularity in daily worship practices.


High quality epitaxial n-type β-FeSi2 thin films prepared by alternate Fe/Si multilayer deposition were doped with arsenic as impurity by sputtering method. Doping sources were heavily arsenic-doped silicon chips placed on the surface of silicon target. The starting β-FeSi2 films before doping were typically n-type with a residual electron concentration of about 1.0 ×1017 cm-3 and a mobility of about 260 cm2/V·s. When arsenic concentration changed from 7.0 ×1017 to 1.9 ×1018 cm-3, net electron concentration increased from about 2.0 ×1017 to 4.0 ×1017 cm-3, and electron mobility decreased from 250 to 160 cm2/V·s. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements showed a homogeneous arsenic distribution in β-FeSi2 films and a small diffused region (about 50 nm) at the interface between β-FeSi2 and a Si substrate. Arsenic-doped β-FeSi2 films exhibited epitaxial growth in the (110)/(101) orientation and a continuous structure without cracks. However, other crystalline orientations together with pinholes appeared when the arsenic doping concentration increased.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Many studies have reported associations of air pollutants and death, but fewer examined multiple pollutants, or used causal methods. We present a method for directly estimating changes in the distribution of age at death using propensity scores. Methods: We included all participants in Medicare from 2000 to 2016 (637,207,589 person-years of follow-up). We fit separate logistic regressions modeling the probability of death at each year of age from 65 to 98 or older as a function of exposure to particulate matter less tha 2.5 µM in diameter (PM2.5), NO2, and O3, using separate propensity scores for each age. We estimated the propensity score using gradient boosting. We estimated the distribution of life expectancy at three counterfactual exposures for each pollutant. Results: The estimated increase in mean life expectancy had the population been exposed to 7 versus 12 µg/m3 PM2.5 was 0.29 years (95% CI = 0.28, 0.30). The change in life expectancy had the population been exposed to 10 versus 20 ppb of NO2 was −0.01 years (95% CI = −0.015, −0.006). The increase in mean life expectancy had the population been exposed to 35 versus 45 ppb of O3 was 0.15 years (95% CI = 0.14, 0.16). Each of these effects was independent and additive. Conclusions: We estimated that reducing PM2.5 and O3 concentrations to levels below current standards would increase life expectancy by substantial amounts compared with the recent increase of life expectancy at age 65 of 0.7 years in a decade. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to NO2 decreases life expectancy.


The adequacy of the current regulatory framework is challenged by the of technological development in space. Constructing the interpretation of articles I and II of the outer space treaty. Protecting the unique outer space environment: the application of international environmental law principles.


Pooling is a ubiquitous operation in image processing algorithms that allows for higher-level processes to collect relevant low-level features from a region of interest. Currently, max-pooling is one of the most commonly used operators in the computational literature. However, it can lack robustness to outliers due to the fact that it relies merely on the peak of a function. Pooling mechanisms are also present in the primate visual cortex where neurons of higher cortical areas pool signals from lower ones. The receptive fields of these neurons have been shown to vary according to the contrast by aggregating signals over a larger region in the presence of low contrast stimuli. We hypothesise that this contrast-variant-pooling mechanism can address some of the shortcomings of max-pooling. We modelled this contrast variation through a histogram clipping in which the percentage of pooled signal is inversely proportional to the local contrast of an image. We tested our hypothesis by applying it to the phenomenon of colour constancy where a number of popular algorithms utilise a max-pooling step (e.g. White-Patch, Grey-Edge and Double-Opponency). For each of these methods, we investigated the consequences of replacing their original max-pooling by the proposed contrast-variant-pooling. Our experiments on three colour constancy benchmark datasets suggest that previous results can significantly improve by adopting a contrast-variant-pooling mechanism.


Summary A large stand of juniper in Glen Artney, Perthshire is described. The population has apparently regenerated over many years and has expanded greatly since the end of the last century primarily due to fortuitous changes of grazing pressure. It is not immediately endangered although seedlings are now rare because of grazing. There are about 33000 mature individuals, with girths up to 102cm. There is a predominance of females in the smaller size classes and males in the larger. Overall there is a sex ratio (amongst plants of whichthe sex could be determined) of 1:1.11, female:male. Growth ring counts were made on fifty cut stems and the oldest measured individual was 102 years.


This article conceptually comprehends and describes new approaches to the resources of professional growth of a young scientist on the basis of analysis of scientific research trends in Russia and the world. In the paper, the problem of professional growth of young scientists is studied, related to the lack of professional guidelines and critical resources for its high-quality research work. In the article this problem is considered in three components: a) the scarcity of declared clear research policies in Russian universities as a standardized strategic element; b) underdevelopment of effective organizational forms of research, such as research networks; c) the lack of the qualitative analytics in the field of research activities. The paper describes the essence of the research policy in the international experience of university management and the prospects for its strengthening for Russian universities in general and young scientists in particular. Next, key characteristics of network and collaborative forms of research, their role in intensification of research activities and development of young scientists are considered. The article examines the role which international professional associations can play in forming research competencies of a young scientist and in building his or her academic career. In the final part of the work, modern tools and methods of analytics are considered for scientometric work and management of scientific activity, contributing to the effective professional growth of young scientists and the intensification of the research activities of scientific groups. The work is based on the study and analysis of theoretical material, as well as the results of the work of the «research policy group» within the cycle of strategic sessions of the NR TSU (2015-2016) under the direction of the Moscow School of Management «Skolkovo».


Taking U-type ground heat exchanger system for an example,physical and mathematical models of single tube cylindrical heat exchanger with equivalent diameter are establish to determine the impact of groundwater seepage on ambient temperature field of buried penstock geothermal heat pump exchanger.Under summer operating condition,ambient temperature field of buried penstock heat exchanger is simulated by using the tool of COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a.Comparative analysis of different thermal conductivity and soil temperature field variation of porosity with and without seepage,the dominant factors of temperature field variation is determined and the theoretical basis for further experiment is provided.


In this article, we proposed an improved region‐based active contour model based on curve evolution theory and variational level set method. Our method can be used to segment image with intensity inhomogeneity, such as medical computed tomography images. Our model contains a local intensity fitting term that makes the evolution curve stop at boundaries of the object and a global expansion term that makes the evolution curve have the chance to get to every location in the image. Therefore, our model has a good performance to solve the problem of flexible initialization, which exposed in region‐scalable fitting energy model. For the curvature term that occurs during the calculation, we calculated it with a more efficiency and accuracy method. Compared with other models, our model shows good segmentation result and less computation expense. Finally, we will present some experimental results, especially the result of contrast experiment.


Software defect prediction has been one of the active parts of software engineering since it was developed in 1970's.It plays a very important role in the analysis of software quality and balance of software cost. This paper investigates and discusses the motivation,evolvement,solutions and challenges of software defect prediction technologies,and it also categorizes,analyzes and compares the representatives of these prediction technologies.Some case studies for software defect distribution models are given to help understanding.


Disclosed is a conversion compression based maximum error image compression method. The method comprises performing first-stage row conversion compression and storing generated approximate values (mean value) and detail components (conversion coefficients); performing first-stage column conversion compression on the newly generated approximate value portion, and storing the corresponding approximate values and detail components; performing next-stage row and column conversion compression on the newly generated approximate values till only one next approximate value is left to obtain a final compression matrix; performing data reconstruction through the approximate value and the detail components. According to the method, the image compression method based on the maximum error criterion is used, so that errors of all points after data reconstruction are within the given range, and subsequent inquiry is facilitated; meanwhile, compared with a maximum error criterion based image compression method, the method has the advantages that compression time is shortened, and the compression ratio and the reconstruction quality of images are improved.


The crystallography, phase relationships, and magnetic properties of the Ce5Si4−xGex alloys with 0≤x≤4 have been investigated by using x-ray powder diffraction and isothermal magnetization measurements. There are three different crystal structures in the Ce5Si4−xGex system: the Zr5Si4-type tetragonal structure with space group P41212 exists from 0≤x<2.15, the Gd5Si2Ge2-type monoclinic structure with space group P1121/a exists at x≈2.225, and the Sm5Ge4-type orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma is found for 2.4<x≤4. The magnetic ordering temperature increases when the tetragonal phase changes to the monoclinic phase, and then it remains composition independent throughout the orthorhombic phase, which is the opposite trend compared to that observed in the heavy lanthanide 5:4 compounds when Ge content increases. Another distinct difference is that Ce5Si4 exhibits an antiferromagnetic ground state while Ce5Ge4 phase orders ferromagnetically, which is reverse compared to the R5Si4−xGex systems where R...


Since Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co v New Garage Motors (1915), the law pertaining to the enforceability of stipulated contractual sums in most of the common law world has revolved around the dichotomy between unenforceable penalties that are in terrorem on the one hand and enforceable liquidated damages that are genuine pre-estimates of loss, on the other. The United Kingdom Supreme Court took up the Dunlop test for reconsideration in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi and ParkingEye Limited v Beavis (2015). While on the surface the court 'upheld' the penalties rule in Dunlop, in quintessentially common law fashion, it recast it in such a manner that the old rule survives only in name. It renders otiose the enquiry into whether any stipulation is a genuine pre-estimate and hence a liquidated damages clause and redefines a penalty as a stipulation that is unconscionable in relation to the 'interest' protected, whether or not in terrorem. Practically, the new test operates as a test of 'reasonableness' of stipulated sums would. Theoretically, however, the new test continues to rest on a questionable distinction between primary and secondary obligations.


Abstract : The purpose of the present research was to determine the feasibility of conducting a remote command post exercise (CPX) while identifying its relative cost and equipment requirements for long-distance communications. Elements of the 116th Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR) of the Idaho Army National Guard traveled to Gowen Field, Idaho, to participate in a 3-day, simulated remote CPX. Regimental and Squadron Command Posts (CPs) were dispersed geographically to different locations in and around Gowen Field to simulate the long-distance, distributed environment of an actual remote CPX wherein participating units would intercommunicate from their respective home stations. The exercise was driven by the Computer Assisted Map Maneuver Simulation (CAMMS) , the battlefield simulator, which supported the interaction of players (i.e., the 116th ACR), controllers (i.e., the 75th maneuver Area Command (75th MAC) and Maneuver Training Command (MTC)), and the computer support system itself, which furnished 'real-time' feedback on battle status. Although the conclusions technically pertain only to the conditions under which the present CAMMS-driven CPX was conducted, they suggest that a significant savings could be achieved in the future by applying the concept of remote exercise delivery. Savings will be a function of how much travel and per diem costs can be avoided through the use of long-distance communications equipment such as that used here.


Abstract Serum concentrations of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in first pregnancy, parturition, lactation, involution, and second parturition in 37 Holstein cattle were determined and used as an index of mammary status and in predicting milk yield. During first pregnancy, serum α-lactalbumin increased in the last 3 mo and reached a peak at parturition (∼1100ng/ml). Changes in α-lactalbumin could not be described by a simple exponential equation, whereas changes in serum β-lactoglobulin were described by a single exponential from second trimester until 4 wk prepartum and reached a peak at parturition (∼460ng/ml). By 2 wk after parturition, α-lactalbumin had dropped to approximately 140ng/ml, and β-lactoglobulin dropped to approximately 25ng/ml. In late lactation, α-lactalbumin was approximately 70ng/ml and β-lactoglobulin approximately 20ng/ml. Short-term elevations were found after cessation of milking in both α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in serum. The concentrations of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin at second parturition were similar to those at first parturition with no differences found between parity. Both α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in serum were functionally associated with mammary growth and development. In heifers late in pregnancy, both serum concentrations of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin were positively correlated with mature equivalent milk and fat yields in the subsequent lactation. Serum β-lactoglobulin concentrations at 16 wk prepartum in heifers were highly correlated with the sum of first and second lactation milk (r = .60) and fat (r = .60) yields. The potential value of using serum β-lactoglobulin as an index for prescreening of heifers for lactation potential is discussed.


This paper presents a systematic approach to validate microcrack models by experiments. Although only experiments on rocks were done, a similar approach should be applicable to concrete, ceramic, or other brittle materials. A brief review of microcrack models will be presented. Microscopic observations and ultrasonic wave measurements were done on natural and replicated rocks. The results from microscopic studies provide the necessary information to quantify the amount or degree of microcracking, in terms of a parameter called {open_quotes}crack density{close_quotes} (e.g.), while the change of ultrasonic wave speeds was used to interpret the degree of microcracking. In particular, preliminary results on replicated rocks suggest that both the {open_quotes}self-consistent method{close_quotes} and the {open_quotes}non-interacting method{close_quotes} give reliable prediction if the crack density is less than 0.21; similar results on natural rocks also seems to suggest that both theories are good only for crack density up to 0.2. Nevertheless, more refinement of the testing technique is still required.


David V. Anderson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering M. S. Degree, April 1994 ABSTRACT A model for the human cochlea is developed which describes and incorporates the functions of the inner and outer hair cells, the ltering or frequency separation performed along the basilar membrane, and loudness perception. The outer hair cells are modeled as active mechanical feedback elements which compress the dynamic range of the input signal and help to sharpen the tuning of the basilar membrane ltering. The compression is shown to be approximately logarithmic, thus explaining the logarithmic spacing of the just noticeable di erences (JNDs) of input intensity. The inner hair cells are modeled as transducers with a transfer function related to the hyperbolic tangent. Loudness determination is modeled by an exponentiation of a transduced stimulus. The combination of the logarithmic compression at the input and exponentiation upon loudness detection yields Stevens' power law for loudness growth. The cochlear model is then adapted to describe a common hearing impairment and a hearing aid is developed by placing an inverse model for a hearing impaired individual following the model for a normal hearing individual. Preliminary testing of the resulting digital hearing aid are shown to be very promising.


The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition, which comprises a combination of at least two osmolytes chosen from the group comprising taurine or a derivative thereof, inositol, betaine and trehalose. This composition is intended for restoring, maintaining or reinforcing the moisturization of the skin and/or for protecting it against different types of stress and/or for preventing or retarding the appearance of the signs of aging of the skin, or for attenuating the effects thereof, or alternatively for promoting cell or tissue longevity.


In this work, the concentration of two commercials starters (YO-MIXTM (L) 204 and YOFLEXr (Y)) and sugar percentage (5, 7.5 and 10%) were evaluated by optimi...


Bettini et al (2006 Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 182–5) reported the first experimental realization of linear atomic chains (LACs) composed of different atoms (Au and Ag). The different contents of Au and Ag were observed in the chains from what was found in the bulk alloys, which raises the question of what the wire composition is, if it is in equilibrium with a bulk alloy. In this work we address the thermodynamic driving force for species fractionation in LACs under tension, and we present the density-functional theory results for Ag–Au chain alloys. A pronounced stabilization of the wires with an alternating Ag–Au sequence is observed, which could be behind the experimentally observed Au enrichment in LACs from alloys with high Ag content.


A stroke is determined by insufficient blood supply to the brain due to vessel occlusion (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke), resulting in immediate neurological impairment to differing degrees [...].


A scheme is proposed to generate long‐distance entanglement and asymmetric steering between mechanical oscillator and magnon mode across the frequency difference of ≈10 GHz in an optomagnonic‐mechanical system composed of a magnon, a mechanical oscillator, and two cavities. The calculated results reveal that the long‐distance magnon–phonon entanglement can be achieved due to the fact that the quantum correlation of the two‐mode squeezed vacuum microwave field is successively transferred to the magnon mode and the phonon mode. Moreover, the entanglement is strong enough such that the quantum steering between magnon mode and phonon mode can be achieved in an asymmetric manner. Furthermore, the direction of quantum steering can be flexibly adjusted via changing the magnon damping rate, coupling strength, squeezing parameter, and bath temperature. The proposed scheme provides the possibility for the generation of macroscopic quantum entanglement and steering and has potential applications in quantum information processing.


This paper deals with the slope stability engineering. Due to the rapid development of computing efficiency, several numerical methods are gaining increasing popularity in slope stability analysis. The most popular numerical method of slope stability estimation is shear strength reduction technique (SSR). The factor of safety (FS) for slope may be computed by reducing shear strength of soil (or rock) in stages, until the slope fails. Application of SSR for complex geology slopes is usually restricted to the weakest "link" estimation – part of slope with the lowest FS. Finite Difference Method code FLAC (FLAC, 2000) gives the opportunity to analyse several slip surfaces by using modified SSR technique (MSSR). The method is based on reducing shear properties of soils after identification of first slip surface. MSSR allows performing complete estimation of stability for any type of slope.


American Literature. Chairman, EdwinS. Fussell; Secretary, Charles S. Holmes. 1. "Touching y6 crosse in ye Banners: A Key Document in Puritan Semantics," Richard A. Condon, Univ. of Southern California. 2. "Symbolism in Sarah Orne Jewett's 'The White Heron'," Frank D. Dollard, San Francisco State Coll. 3. "Henry James and the Aristocracy," Christof Wegelin, Univ. of Oregon. 4. " 'Anna Christie,' her Fall and Rise," Travis M. Bogard, Univ. of California. 5. "The Sun Also Rises: A Re-assessment," Wirt Williams, Los Angeles State Coll. 6. "Organism and Myth in Steinbeck's Fic tion," Joseph Fontenrose, Univ. of California.


The paper uses the diagnostic survey method to analyze consumer preferences in the field of air ticketing, with particular emphasis on the role of modern information technology. On the basis of the research, it has been unequivocally stated that passengers are heavily involved in the use of information technology in the area of ticket purchase and booking, which highlights the great importance of technological innovation in the operation, promotion and further development of services in the air transport market.


In the summer of 2004 Andrea Fraser exhibited the work Untitled in a gallery in the Chelsea neighborhood of New York City.1 In this DVD the artist is shown in an hour-long sexual encounter with a m...


Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of armillarisin A tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods A single oral doses of 40 mg armillarisin A tablets (reference and test) were given to 20 healthy volunteers in an open randomized crossover design. The concentrations of reference and test tablets in plasma were determined by LC/MS/MS.Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations were as follow:tmax were (0.35±0.09),(0.36±0.08) h;Cmax were (32.94±11.52),(31.15±8.23) ng . mL-1;t1/2 were (0.42±0.19),(0.37±0.11) h;AUC0-t were (12.92±3.91),(12.80±4.03) ng . h . mL-1;AUC0-∞ were (13.10±3.93),(12.95±4.07) ng . h . mL-1,respectively. The relative bioavailability of armillarisin A were (102.00±16.19)%.Conclusion The tested preparation was bioequivalence to the referent preparation.


Aptamers represent the next frontier as biorecognition elements in biosensors thanks to a smaller size and lower molecular weight with respect to antibodies, more structural flexibility with the possibility to be regenerated, reduced batch-to-batch variation, and a potentially lower cost. Their high specificity and small size are particularly interesting for their application in optical biosensors since the perturbation of the evanescent field are low. Apart from the conventional plasmonic optical sensors, platforms based on silica and plastic optical fibers represent an interesting class of devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) in different applications. The first example of the coupling between aptamers and silica optical fibers was reported by Pollet in 2009 for the detection of IgE molecules. Six years later, the first example was published using a plastic optical fiber (POF) for the detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The excellent flexibility, great numerical aperture, and the large diameter make POFs extremely promising to be coupled to aptamers for the development of a sensitive platform easily integrable in portable, small-size, and simple devices. Starting from silica fiber-based surface plasmon resonance devices, here, a focus on significant biological applications based on aptamers, combined with plasmonic-POF probes, is reported.


G. Shechter, E. R. McVeigh Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Lab of Cardiac Energetics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States Synopsis MRI motion correction is used to improve image quality while reducing total scan time. The Fourier nature of MRI is used to describe a technique for compensating for 3D affine transformations (translation + rotation + dilation + shear) of an object during the imaging process. We present the mathematical basis for this correction strategy and results of a simulated MR acquisition. Introduction Motion during MRI causes blurring and ghosting artifacts [1]. Motion correction for translation [2], dilation [3], and rigid body [4] motion has been described. However, physiologic motion of soft tissue is more complex. We describe a motion correction technique for compensation of 3D affine deformations of the imaged volume. Affine deformations can describe translation, rotation, dilation (compression), and shear in 3 orthogonal directions. Manke [5] alluded to the ability to correct for affine transformations during an MR acquisition, but a detailed scheme has not yet been described. Methods The class of 3D affine transformations { } 3 3 : R → R A describes a global space warping with 12 degrees of freedom, which can be decomposed into 3D translations, rotations, scalings and shears. Equation 1 represents the 3D affine tranformation of a point { } z y x q q q , , = q in homogeneous coordinates where ) , , ( ψ φ θ R is a 3x3 rotation matrix, ) , , ( z y x t t t is a 3D translation vector, { } z y x S S S , , are 3D scale factors, and { } yz xz xy S S S , , are 3D shear parameters. Using properties of the Fourier transform, a relationship can be defined between F, the k-space representation of an imaged volume, and F', the k-space of a 3D affine transformation of the imaged volume. The k-space point { } F k k k z y x ∈ = , , k maps to the point { } F k k k z y x ′ ∈ ′ ′ ′ = ′ , , k according to equations 2 and 3. These equations can be used to motion correct an MR acquisition, by relating k-space samples of a deformed object to samples of the undeformed, or reference, configuration of that object. Consider an MR spin-warp 3D Fourier image acquisition. For prospective motion correction, before acquiring each line of k-space, an estimate of the amount of motion would be generated. Equations 2 and 3 would be used to modify the gradients in order to traverse a modified k-space trajectory in the Fourier space of the deformed imaging volume. This data would then be stored in the data matrix along the initial, undistorted, trajectory. A 3D spin warp acquisition was simulated on a binary algebraic 3D heart phantom in a volume of 64 voxels. The volume was deformed by a 3D affine transformation whose magnitude varied sinusoidally. The motion was periodic with frequency f, so that at time t, the transformation parameters were calculated using the equation ( ) ft p p π 2 sin  = , where p represents any of the shear, rotation, or translation parameters. For dilation, the transformation parameters were calculated using the equation ( ) ft q q π 2 sin  1+ = . The image acquisition was simulated without and with the proposed prospective 3D affine motion correction. Results Results of the simulated 3D MR spin warp acquisition are shown in Figure 1. The 3D affine motion model used for the simulation was defined by the parameters . 0  and , 15 . 0  , 3 . 0 , 13 . 0 , 2 . 0 S  voxels, 8  voxels, 2  rad,  0.1  rad,  25 . 0 = = = − = = = − = − = = = = − = yz y xz xy z x z y x S S S S S t t t φ ψ θ The TR was 0.05f, and it was assumed that the TE was very short, so that there was no motion during the echo readout. Images obtained without motion correction show severe artifacts (column C). Correcting for previously described deformation modes (translation, scaling, and rotation) improves the images, but ghosting is still observed (column D). Prospective motion correction for the complete 3D affine case, which includes correction for shear, is shown in column E. Discussion This work presents a method for MR motion correction of 3D affine deformations. Prospective correction of a known 3D affine deformation was validated by simulation. The prospective method maintains a regular and uniform sampling density in k-space, but would require gradient waveforms to be changed in real time on an MR scanner. Alternatively, a retrospective strategy can be implemented without changing the data acquisition procedure. Each k-space line would be acquired along with a measure of the deformation at that moment. Later, each k-space line would be moved to a new position in the Fourier volume according to Equations 2 and 3, which might result in a non-uniform sampling density. A regridding algorithm would be needed to regularize the k-space data. Further work is required to develop methods for measuring and modeling affine deformation of tissues and organs in vivo. Acknowledgements J. Andrew Derbyshire, Luis F. Gutiérrez, Peter Kellman References [1] Wood ML et al, Med Phys 1985; 12:143-15 [2] Korin HW et al, Magn Reson Med 1989; 12:99-113 [3] Haacke EM et al, Magn Reson Imaging, 1986; 4:359-376. [4] Derbyshire JA et al, J Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 8:924-932 [5] Manke D et al, J Magn Reson Imaging 2002; 15:661-671 A B C D E


St Jerome's third Latin translation of the Sefer Tehillim or 'Book of Psalms' is called the iuxta Hebraeos or Hebraicum, because he based it on the original Hebrew in which it was composed in order to obtain the greatest authenticity possible. Preceded by the so-called Romanum version of c. 384, which was primarily a translation of the Greek Septuagint, and the Gallicanum of r.392 which was a revision of it based on Origen's hexaplaric Septuagint text, the Hebraicum version off. 400 represents an attempt by Jerome to produce a Latin translation as close as possible to the Hebrew text. However, despite its greater accuracy with respect to the Hebrew original, the Hebraicum was apparently never used in the liturgy, and was preserved solely as a patristic text in bibles or psalters for scholarly use. Copies of the Hebraicum were present in England from early times. A Latin prayer attributed to Bede is set out as a list of quotations from different psalm verses, and includes variants from the Hebraicum; this indicates the availability of a Hebraicum to Jarrow monks in the late seventh or early eighth century. The Codex Amiatinus from early-eighth-century Jarrow provides us with evidence of perhaps the same book, as it preserves the Hebraicum rather than the Romanum or Gallicanum as its psalter text. But there is important evidence, forming the focus of study here, that another kind of Hebraicum was present for use by monks in southern England during the late Anglo-Saxon period. A Theodulfian recension of the Hebraicum, containing what appear to have been marginal glosses by a scholar familar with Hebrew, was made somewhere on the Continent in the ninth century. A copy of this Theodulfian recension was available in Wessex or more probably Kent no later than the mid tenth century, and in Canterbury in the same (or a derivative) form by the middle of the twelfth century. The poem known as Kentish Psalm 50, copied and probably


Summary Granite in New Zealand is confined to the South Island and Stewart Island. There are three major meridionally trending belts in north-west Nelson—Separation Point to Mt Murchison, Kahurangi Point to Ahaura River, and Paparoa Range to Kongahu Point. Isolated granite masses are known in Westland and extensive areas in Fiordland and Stewart Island. The Separation Point to Mt Murchison granite differs from the others in being essentially a soda-alkali type. Directly related to granite are copper-molybdenum-gold-silver-lead-zinc lodes at Mt Radiant and tungsten-tin lodes at Port Pegasus, Stewart Island; probably related are the Reef ton gold lodes, many minor auriferous lpdes, and a baritefluorite deposit; possibly related are the gold-scheelite lodes in the Otago and Marlborough schists. Mining has ceased except for scheelite which is worked by small parties at Glenorchy. Present knowledge of the age of the granites and mineralization is summarized in a table.


When the alkaline fast green reaction is applied to calf thymus histone fractions f1, f2a, f2b and f3 on Millipore filter paper it is found to stain equal amounts of these fractions equally well. The dye reaction, therefore, seems to depend on the over-all charge and not exclusively on the per cent arginine plus lysine in the histone fractions. This staining reaction has been applied to histone fractions separated by acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Deamination of the histone fractions on both paper and acrylamide gel resulted in a reduction in the intensity of the stain. The stain that remained followed the relative amount of arginine in each fraction or band. In the gels, the f1 band was removed completely. This confirms previous interpretations of the cytochemical deamination reaction. The stain reactions have been utilized as a means of comparing electrophoretically resolved histone bands of similar mobility from crickets and mealy bugs.


This paper presents experimental results of a cover age analysis of a WCDMA network in the 850 MHz band in an urban environment . Obtained coverage estimation maps are based on statistical interpolation method named Krige. Key performance parameters used in this work are the CPICH and Ec. The results could be used to identify problems and help to optimize cell coverage and cap acity to the Service Operator in a given service area.


Orbital angular momentum of photons is an intriguing system for the storage and transmission of quantum information, but it is rapidly degraded by atmospheric turbulence. Understanding the noise processes that affect photons is essential if we desire to protect them. In this paper we use the infinitesimal propagation equation of Roux to derive a discrete Lindblad equation, and numerically study the form of the most relevant Lindblad operators. We find that the dominant Lindblad operators are those that shift the angular momentum by one unit. We explore possible schemes to protect quantum information across multiple photons by concatenating a standard quantum error-correcting code with an error-detecting code for orbital angular momentum.


Nucleot(s)ide analogues (NAs) reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, the risk of HCC is reportedly higher for NA‐treated patients than for patients in the inactive CHB phase. This study aimed to compare the long‐term outcomes of CHB patients with NA‐induced viral suppression and those of patients with inactive CHB. This retrospective study involved 1118 consecutive CHB patients whose HBV DNA level was continuously <2000 IU/mL during follow‐up with/without antiviral agents. The patients were classified into inactive CHB (n = 373) or NA groups (n = 745). The primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints included development of HCC and other liver‐related events. The median duration of follow‐up was 41.0 (interquartile range = 26.5‐55.0) months. The difference in overall survival between the NA group vs. the inactive CHB group was not significant (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33‐1.85; P = .57). The NA group showed a significantly higher risk of HCC (HR = 3.44; 95% CI = 1.82‐6.52; P < .01), but comparable risk for non‐HCC liver‐related events (HR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.66‐1.59; P = .93), compared with the inactive CHB group. Among patients with cirrhosis, the NA group showed a significantly lower risk of death (HR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.097‐0.998; P = .05) and non‐HCC liver‐related events (HR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.31‐0.83; P < .01), but a slightly higher risk of HCC (HR = 2.39; 95% CI = 0.85‐6.75; P = .09), compared to the inactive CHB group. The overall survival of untreated patients with inactive CHB and of CHB patients achieving viral suppression with NA was comparable. However, NA treatment of cirrhotic patients was significantly associated with longer overall survival and lower risk of liver‐related events.


This paper proposes a domain-independent method to evaluate inferences for analogical reasoning, via a prototype system. The system assigns analogical inferences confidences based on the quality of the mapping and the system's confidence in the facts used to generate the inference. An initial implementation is applied to two domains.


In this essay the question is posed as to whether Paul viewed faith as essentially an entity that can grow or increase within the believer or is given by God in different degrees to different people. The investigation is limited to Rm 12:3; 14:1; 2 Cor 10:15; Phlp 1:25 and 1 Th 3:10. The conclusion is reached that as far as these passages are concerned, the answer to the question is negative, with the possible exception of 2 Cor 10:15. It seems therefore that according to Paul, faith is faith, nothing less and nothing more. In so far, however, as there is mention in Paul of growth connected with faith, it concerns the believer's answer to the imperative in the indicative by living up daily (and increasingly) to his faith. Essentially faith cannot be weak or mediocre. If this should be the case, it is not faith any more.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of AgNOR (Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Proteins Region) staining in differentiation between malignant and non-malignant lesion, and histological grading of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. We have also showed the rate of AgNOR distribution score in the nuclear of malignant and non-neoplastic cells of bladder epithelium as an important diagnostic marker at light microscopic level. Forty nine paraffin block samples selected from the Pathology Department of Ghaem Hospital including 6 chronic cystitis, 5 transitional cell carcinoma (Grade I), 15 transitional cell carcinoma (Grade II) and 23 transitional cell carcinoma (Grade III). Nucleolar AgNOR dots were studied in epithelial cells of chronic cystitis and transitional cell carcinoma of bladder Grades I, II, III by a light microscope to distinguish the average number of AgNOR dots and their distribution rate in nuclei of 100 cells which had three or more AgNOR dots. There was a significant stepwise increase in the percentage of cells exhibiting nucleoli with at least three or more distinct silver dots in chronic cystitis and transitional cell carcinoma of bladder Grades I, II, III.The counting of AgNOR dots and determining their distribution score are simple, suitable and cheap method to distinguish malignant neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion of bladder. This method has also a high diagnostic value for grading of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.


Inspired by the importance of actuator position and rate constraint, we study in this paper the semi-global leader-following output consensus problem of multiple heterogeneous linear systems in the presence of actuators position and rate saturation via state feedback control. We design a distributed leader state observer, based on which a state feedback output consensus protocol is constructed for each follower. In addition, we propose a framework of formation control by combining consensus control and model predictive control to resolve the problem of obstacle and inter-agent collisions. The effectiveness of our approach is verified by simulation and actual flight experiments of UAVs.


The application of presplitting blasting technique of air-decking charge can both improve the use efficiency of explosion energy and achieve ideal blasting effect in rock mass excavating.Combined with the field blasting test of iron mine overburden stripping in Jingshan temple of Henan province,the damage characteristics under airdecking charge presplitting blasting was studied base on the sound wave tests and the rock damage zone was set as that the average wave speed reduction was more than 10%.The sound waves tests of the rock mass were taken in the air interval zone and the charging zone respectively.Results show that the rock mass damage was larger in the charging zone where smash area was obviously found,and the maximum depth can reach up to about 2 meters.The damage characteristics of the rock mess were influenced deeply by the geological conditions and the charging structure.


Stress measurements of coarse-grained material are difficult using synchrotron X-ray diffraction because the diffraction patterns of coarse-grained materials are spotty. In addition, the center of the diffraction pattern is unknown for the transmitted X-ray beam. Here, a double-exposure method is proposed as the countermeasure against this issue. In the experiment, we introduce a CdTe pixel detector. The detector is a newly developed area detector and can resolve high-energy X-rays. The strains of the coarse-grained material can be measured using a combination of the double-exposure method, white synchrotron X-ray, and the CdTe pixel detector. The bending stress in an austenitic stainless steel plate was measured using the proposed technique. As a result, the measured stress corresponded to the applied bending stress.


Intensity and frequency of occurrence of devastating floods in Bangladesh have increased significantly over the past two decades. Large scale deforestation in the upstream reaches of Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna Rivers in India, Nepal, China, and Bhutan are causing increased flows of water and sediment to these rivers. Barrages constructed at the upstream reaches in India are being operated without sufficient coordination with the downstream conditions at Bangladesh. As a result, flood flows are more severe than they would have been without their existence. Regional and local flood control measures are essential for alleviating this annual tragedy.


In realistic situations, physical systems can not be completely isolated from its environment. Its inevitable interaction with the environment can influence the working process of the device. In this paper, we consider two-qubit quantum batteries where one qubit of the battery is successively interacting with the spins present in the surrounding environment. We examine the effect of the interaction on the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery using unitaries. In this context, we use the notion of locally passive states. In particular, we examine the behavior of the amount of extractable work from the noisy battery, initially prepared in a locally passive or ordinary pure state, having a fixed initial entanglement, with the number of interactions the qubit has gone through. We also examine the amount of locally extractable work from the noisy battery. We realize though the amount of extractable energy, be it global or local, as a whole will decrease with the number of spins of environment it interacted with, but if we increase the time interval of the interaction with each spin, after a cut off value of the interval, the small time behavior shows a peculiarity, i.e., the extractable energy within a single interaction starts to increase with time. The cut-off time indicates the Markovian-to-non-Markovian transition of the interaction. We also observe a non-Markovian increase in extractable energy from the Markovian scenario.


Adam Kendon, Gesture: Visible action as utterance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. 410. Hb $90.00. Written by one of the foremost authorities on the subject, this book gives a definitive account of gesture and its study. It is an excellent and thought-provoking work for all readers interested in everyday interactions across various disciplines. The book can be divided into two parts: The first six chapters present a detailed history of gesture studies dating back to Roman antiquity and continuing to the twentieth century, especially in the Western tradition. The latter half of the book provides micro-analyses of gesture practices occurring in everyday interactions in various settings.


The invention relates to a system for monitoring micro water in transformer oil on line, and belongs to the technical field of transformer monitoring. The system for monitoring the micro water in the transformer oil on line comprises a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a data acquisition device, a data processing server, a data center server and a client monitoring terminal, wherein the humidity sensor is an alumina humidity sensor; and the temperature sensor is a polyimide capacitive temperature sensor. The on-line monitoring system adopts a modular and integrated design mode, has high monitoring sensitivity, can perform early warning timely, and ensures the safe operation of a transformer.


Background Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon rectal disorder that can present with bleeding, passage of mucus, straining during defecation, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. As it is rare, its incidence is uncertain, but has been estimated to be one in 100 000 in adults. A few cases, however, have been reported in pediatric age groups. Patients and Methods During a period of 2.5 years, from September 2003 to February 2006, 12 consecutive children with prolonged intermittent fresh blood on the surface of stools or mixed with it were diagnosed with SRUS. All cases were treated initially with sucralfate enema and followed up. Results Nine boys and three girls were studied. The mean age of patients was 9.25±2.67 years. The mean duration from beginning of symptoms to final diagnosis was 6.4±6.6 months. All cases had normal growth and none had any evidence of bleeding diathesis, significant anemia, bacterial or parasitic infection, or any other systemic diseases to explain their problem. Seven cases responded to sucralfate enema, one to salicylate enema, one to corticosteroid enema, and two cases became asymptomatic after injection of corticosteroid around and within the ulcers. One patient underwent rectopexy. Conclusion As the clinical presentation varies, the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion on the part of both the clinician and the pathologist. This entity is not rare in children in our center, which may be due to the traditional method of defecation (in squatting position). Furthermore, we conclude that sucralfate enema is a suitable initial medical treatment for children with SRUS, and that injection of corticosteroid is a new treatment modality that requires further research to establish its efficacy.