Within the past three decades, there has been a rise of initiatives by OECD member countries and public research organisations (PROs) to foster the transfer and commercialisation of public research results. This chapter sets out the context for the development of various initiatives, provides a taxonomy, and discusses recent trends, both at the institutional and governmental level. The strategies and policies reviewed include legislative initiatives, new bridging organisations, collaborative IP tools and patent funds, new technology transfer office (TTO) models, "open science" and "open research data" initiatives, monetary and non-monetary incentives to researchers to disclose and share research results, and initiatives to foster greater entrepreneurship in PROs. LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264193321-7-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: licensing [2] open innovation [3] knowledge transfer [4] open access [5] technology transfer offices [6] research results [7] technology transfer [8] commercialisation [9] commercialisation of public research [10] Parent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264193321-en [11]


A 69-year-old Caucasian man with severe actinic damage and a history of multiple basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas was referred for Mohs micrographic surgery. Clinical examination revealed an ill-defined, pearly, ulcerated plaque on the right cheek, as well as two smaller ulcerated papules. Severe actinic damage with lentigines, atrophic white scar-like macules, and telangiectasia were present over the face and neck (Figure 1). A frozen section from the center of the largest tumor on the right cheek confirmed nodular basal cell carcinoma. Mohs margins were significant for a proliferation of anastomosing bands of basaloid cells with horn cyst formation emanating from the epidermis. In other portions of the specimen, aggregates of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading were present, with focal retraction from surrounding stroma. Similar findings were evident in sections from a second stage. Repair was delayed, and several skin biopsies were taken from skin adjacent to the original lesion, contralateral cheek, and neck. All specimens were formalin fixed for permanent sections. Histological features of tumor of the follicular infundibulum were present in all specimens (Figure 2). One margin contained findings of superficial basal cell carcinoma and tumor of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) (Figure 3). Discussion


The stacking-fault energy criterion for determining the atomic structures of polytypes has been considered. It is shown that, as the energy difference between various stackings of a polytype is small, this criterion alone is of little value.


Digital image watermarking was introduced at the end of the last century to provide means of enforcing image copyright protection. In this method a multi-bit watermark is fixed in the lowest frequency sub-band of an image. For the copyright protection we will implement robust watermarking image methods .The insertion and extraction of the watermark image in the greyscale is found to be simplest than another transform methods. The proposed method compared with the 3level DWT based image watermarking methods by using statistic parameters such as peak-signal-tonoise-ratio and mean square error. The experimental results shows that the watermarks generated with the algorithm are not visible and watermarked image quality should be improved and recovered betterquality image. The experimental results demonstrations that the watermarking method has strong robustness in contradiction of some common attacks such as Gaussian noise adding, cropping, frame dropping salt & pepper noise adding and


INTRODUCTION: Prompt treatment of COPD exacerbations improves recovery and reduces risk of hospitalization. Such treatment may be patient initiated with the assistance of an action plan (AP), although it hinges on the patient recognizing the presence of an acute exacerbation (AE). Little is known regarding how a patient experiences an AE. Therefore, this study was undertaken to describe COPD patients' experience of an acute exacer- bation (AE), as well as the attitude of healthcare providers to including an AP as part of education self management. METHODS: We interviewed 32 patients with moderate to severe COPD who recently experienced at least one AE, as well as 22 healthcare professionals (HCPs) with experience in the management of COPD. RESULTS: The commonest symptoms and signs associated with an AE were: difficulty breathing (84%), fatigue (81%), cold symptoms (59%), changes in sputum color (53%) or amount (47%) and cough (44%). The main precipitants identified were: environmental triggers (47%), infective agents (31%), excessive activities (25%), emotional factors (16%) and changes in medications (9%). Strategies for dyspnea relief included: increasing medications (72%), resting (56%), avoiding exposure to envi- ronmental triggers (41%) and performing breathing exercise (31%). Most HCPs (77%) supported the use of a COPD specific AP for exacerbation self management and for the general management of COPD (77%). They recommended that it be taught through individual sessions, complemented by group sessions and regularly revisited, depending on the patient's disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Patient experiences of an AE vary. An understanding of the patient specific symptoms, signs, triggers and relieving factors will be of value in the design of an individualized AP. HCPs and used in comparison of and the visit for and rehabilitation. the COPD education (p=0.023) and pulmonary rehabilitation (p=0.005). In addition, subjects with severe COPD were more often evaluated for oxygen requirements (walking oximetry, p=0.000), and lung imaging for LVRS (chest x-rays, p=0.007 and CT scans, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that management of COPD in a dedicated clinic is more consistent with the CTS Guidelines for Management of COPD compared to treatment outside a specialized clinic, especially for non-pharmacological interventions. was by unrestricted grant from GlaxoSmithKline and the PRIISME COPD (QI), and effectiveness evaluations of the self-management components, measurement tools, and team roles were undertaken. A patient-focused care plan was developed based on optimal utilization of existing resources. program management evaluation/analysis. were diversify build individual and system skill-sets, as well as identi-fies a subgroup COPD in whom dyspnea STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of screening spirometry in a high-risk inner city population for early identification of obstructive lung disease (OLD). We hypothesized that inner city adult smokers may have a high prevalence of undiagnosed OLD and have airflow obstruction on spirometry before 40 years of age as a result of possible health risk factors associated with low socio-economic status and multi-inhaled substance use. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of an incidental sample of 300 adult cigarette smokers recruited through community gathering places in Vancouver's inner city. Spirometry and an interviewer administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Participants ranged in age from 30 to 74 years (mean 45.7 years; SD 7.8) and had a mean smoking history of 33 pack/years (range 2.5-110.0). Participants reported a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms: chronic cough (64%), chronic sputum (62%), wheezing (59%) and shortness of breath with activity (69%). A past or current history of smoking another inhaled substance was common (marijuana 45%, cocaine 36%). The prevalence of OLD was 10.7% based on the CTS criteria or 31% based on the GOLD criteria. Mild obstruction was found in 7.7% or 21.1% of all participants and severe obstruction in 1.8% or 1.1% based on the CTS and the GOLD criteria respectively. The prevalence rate of airflow obstruction in participants 34 to 39 years of age (30.2%) was not significantly different from the rate (32.9%) in participants 40 years of age or older (p=0.70). Surprisingly, only 22% of participants with airflow obstruction post bron-chodilator reported a physician diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of undiagnosed OLD among a highly symptomatic inner city population. Screening spirometry should be performed in inner city smokers who are 35 years of age or older to promote early detection of smoking associated OLD. RATIONALE: Recent literature has shown that an earlier initiation of treatment after onset of exacerbation will result in faster recovery time and reduced risk of hospitalization. We hypothesized that self-management education with the use of a written action plan provided by a nurse case manager can help patients to gain the proper skills to start an early treatment for an acute exacerbation. METHODS: COPD patients from an outpatient clinic with access to a written action plan and self-administered prescription were instructed to initiate their antibiotics and/or prednisone in case of exacerbation, and call their nurse case manager for supervision. The following data was col- lected: symptoms change, patients delay in taking action to treat their exacerbations (starting antibiotics and prednisone, calling the case manager) and use of hospital services. RESULTS: We report on 187 exacerbations occurring in a cohort of 113 moderate/severe COPD patients with FEV1 of 37 ± 16% predicted (mean ± SD). 161 exacerbations were supervised by the case manager at the time of the event. The remaining 26 exacerbations were detected after the event. 87% of the supervised exacerbations presented with ≥ 2 major symptoms (increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume and/or purulent sputum). Patient's delay to initiate treatment in supervised exacerbations was 2.04 ± 1.8 days; 85% took action to treat the exacerbation within 3 days. The treatment for supervised and unsupervised exacerbations was similar (slightly more antibiotics and prednisone were used for unsupervised ones) and they had similarly favorable outcomes in terms of health services use, with 68.5% of the exacerbations not requiring any hospital services. CONCLUSIONS: Patients can take an active role, acquire the skills to recognize exacerbation symptoms and start an early treatment of antibiotic and prednisone according to the directives of their written action plan. BACKGROUND: Research has shown that effective pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exist. But the challenge is in effective application of this knowledge by health professionals in their clinical settings. RATIONALE: This study explored the role of a written action plan in reducing hospitalizations as a component of a COPD self-management program in a recent multi-centre RCT. METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: intervention or usual care. The intervention group had access to a self-management education program "Living Well with COPD", the support of a case manager, and a written action plan with a self-administered prescription of antibiotics and prednisone. Patients were instructed to start both antibiotics and prednisone in case of exacerbation with a change in 2 or more symptoms (increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume and/or purulent sputum) for at least 24 hours. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty six (166) patients with COPD presented with one exacerbation or more in the 12-month study period. Exacerbations (608) were confirmed by a change in at least one symptom; 429 (70.6%) by a change in 2 or more. Antibiotics were used in 61.3% of the exacerbations and prednisone in 47.7%. The combination of antibiotics and prednisone was used more often by the intervention group in exacerbations presenting changes in 2 or more symptoms (52.97% vs. 34.8%, P<0.001). This difference was driven by a higher use of prednisone in the intervention group (55.7% vs. 44.3%, P<0.001) consistent with dys- pnea deterioration. In the intervention group, exacerbations treated with antibiotics and prednisone had less risk of requiring a hospitalization than those occurring in the control group (16.5% vs. 35.1%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Improved access to treat exacerbations provided by the action plan plays an role in reducing hospitalization risk. We seven Registered and allied staff the an We the program initiatives that we undertaken to incorporate the and the COPD the monitored and utilization and and the COPD to to optimize care and positively impact quality of life. Our how care practices and patient self-management strategies continue to evolve to meet the latest standards and how research have included as part of our commitment toward advancing the comprehensive care needs of COPD disease management. (RCTs) poster focuses on program outcomes, strengths, weaknesses and ongoing patients with advanced pulmonary disorders. 39 patients (22 women, 17 men) aged 71 ± 10 years enrolled for the first time in an inpatient pro- gram were the subjects. Eligibility were severe impairment of lung function and an ability to read and write English. Patients with significant cognitive impairment were excluded. Patients were studied at the initial admission and subsequent admissions. Measures included spirometry, weight, the 6 minute walking test, HRQL including the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36-item questionnaire and the Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRQ). Statistical analysis of the data from the beginning to end of the program was completed using Version 13.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using paired samples Student T-tests, 2-tailed. RESULTS:


The challenge of OMNISCIENTIS is to develop a community based odour monitoring and information system to mitigate odour annoyance and to foster citizens' participation in environmental governance. The core is an information system collecting various data of odour emissions obtained by electronic noses and other sensors, meteorological conditions and observations by citizens acting as human sensors. A specific odour dispersion model is developed to use all this information and provide immediate feedback to all stakeholders. This work presents the architecture of the environmental information system, some first results from odour monitoring and model development and validation.


Rumen of cattle harbors many microorganisms responsible for bioconversion of nutrients into a source of energy for the animals. In recent years many rumen microbes have been isolated and characterized by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Some of the microbes have also been recommended as feed additives for improving the overall growth or production of animals. Rumen bacteria which have potential application in animal feed stuffs were isolated and characterized in this experiment. Isolation was carried out from the rumen of cattle (Bos taurus) using techniques of serial dilutions and repeated tubing of the selectively enriched microbial cultures by using the specific media for rumen bacteria. All the isolates were then screened for in vitro gas production and cellulase enzyme activity and four superior isolates were selected and characterized. There were 18.00% to 23.00% increases in gas production on addition of these isolates to the rumen fluid of cattle and there was better cellulase enzyme activity. Two isolates were identified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, one isolate as Streptococcus species and one isolate as Clostridium aminophilum. This indicated that, these isolates are superior and may have potential to be used as microbial feed additive in ruminants if fed in higher quantity.


Although miscegenation must have been one of the earliest and most common effects of the expansion of Europe, its consequences have been relatively little studied by historians of Canada. Indeed, one of the few general histories of the western mixed-blood population suggests – only half-jokingly, one suspects – that the Métis people of Canada were founded nine months after the landing of the first European. Perhaps because of traditional historiographical emphases, a limited methodological sophistication, or simply as a consequence of racist inhibitions on the part of Euro-Canadian historians who dominated the field until recently, the history of the Métis has not received much concerted and systematic attention from academic historians.


ABSTRACT A spectral formulation of the scattering problem relative to planar passive arrays in a stratified medium is presented. The solution is obtained in terms of generalized scattering matrix by means of the Galerkin version of the Moment Method technique. Further, an original approach to solve the multiple grid problem which allows to treat efficiently also cases of closely spaced arrays is presented. Comparisons with experimental results relative to crossed dipole arrays are presented.


Wide variations have been found in the use of operating theatre time in Scottish hospitals, with some surgical specialties using fewer than half the …


Review(s) of: Anmatyerr Ayey Arnang-akert: Anmatyerr plant stories by the women from Laramba (Napperby) community by Jenny Green (compiler), IAD Press, Alice Springs, 2003, xi + 104 pp, ISBN 1864650559. Review(s) of: Addictions and Healing in Aboriginal Country by Gregory Phillips, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 2003, xix + 210, pp, ISBN 0855754508. Review(s) of: Ngangkari Work - Anangu Way: Traditional Healers of Central Australia, Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council, NPY Women's Council, Alice Springs, 2003, 95 pp, ISBN 0957775512. Includes notes. Includes references.


Definition 1 A tree decomposition of a graph G(V, E) is a pair (T, χ) where T = (I, F ) is a tree and χ = {χi|i ∈ I} is a family of subsets of V such that (a) ⋃ i∈I χi = V , (b) for each edge e = {u, v} ∈ E, there exists i ∈ I such that both u and v belong to χi, and (c) for all v ∈ V , there is a set of nodes {i ∈ I|v ∈ χi} that forms a connected subtree of T . The width of a tree decomposition (T, χ) is given by maxi∈I(|χi| − 1).


States that knowledge drawn from relevant dimensions of reality answers questions about the ultimate end of the world. Marketing technologies are appropriate means for achieving four states that reduce probabilities of an apocalyptic doomsday: population stabilization, health maintenance, conflict resolution and ecosystem renewal. Marketing knowledge can answer eschatological questions by organizing information feedback of market response, co‐operative efforts in trading networks, executing mutually beneficial market exchanges and social learning that diffuses new products and ideas. By imposing penalties and rewards that can direct all market participants towards a sustainable society, marketing technologies have the potential to encourage sustainable development rather than apocalypse.


In this paper, we describe the technique to detect the multiple change in the web document in the form of addition, deletion of the text and content change. We know that World Wide Web today is growing at phenomenal rate. People are using internet for exchange of the information. The information on the web changes continuously and rapidly. So it is very difficult for us to observe every change in the web document and to retrieve the latest information. In this paper, the web page modification detection system at multiple nodes based on the signature of nodes corresponds to HTML web pages. So that user can retrieve the latest information easily and in the short time. In this first input web page then build the tree from HTML page i.e. DOM (data object modelling).The node signature algorithm is developed to compare the trees of old web page and modified web page to find changes. In this way, system detect the changes i.e. addition and deletion of the nodes, attributes change, structure changes etc and helpful for keeping with up to date information.


The Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering of the University Polytechnic of Valencia has developed some efficient Finite Element codes in Matlab based on the use of geometry independent Cartesian grids (FEAVox). One of its main numerical features is that the code is able to perform 'patient specific' analyzes from medical images. This project is focused on using FEAVox in order to simulate the effect of future surgical operations involving prosthetic implants in a 'patient specific' framework, with the main objective of estimating the quality of the connection between bone and object, once it is placed in the patient. This process aims to provide knowledge of the adequacy of the implant beforehand, bearing in mind the needs and the success of future surgical operations of the patient. FEAVox is able to create a finite elements model that represents accurately the bone features near the implant, whose position requirements involve a previous pixelization process and the development of a new Matlab program that allows the user to precisely move and position the object. The use of the techniques shown in this document will allow the development of a new validation process for the specific operation needs in a certain patient, based on the evaluation of changes in the natural frequencies and vibration modes according to the melding level of the bone-implant system. For this reason, a dynamic analysis code will be incorporated to FEAVox. Its results will be used as quality indicators.


A concerted and integrated research programme has considerably enhanced the current understanding of fining agents and their effect on beer clarification and quality. In addition to previously published data, much new information has been presented to help develop this understanding. The numerous complex and often inter-related factors that affect both isinglass and copper fining performance have been discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. This information has been used to identify the following critical control parameters which will facilitate the optimisation of beer quality and brewing process efficiency:

Pre- and post-fining beer temperature beer particle levels and NMP charge wort pH cold wort clarity beer pH pre-filtration beer clarity.

The discrete unit operations of the brewing process have been integrated into a single continuous process, where the efficiency of each operation depends on the efficiency of all of the previous operations, and impacts directly on that of all subsequent operations. Using this approach, beer clarity problems can in certain circumstances be traced back to variations in the microflora present on barley in the farmer's field. Thus to truly control beer quality, the brewing process must be considered to start not with mashing or malting, but rather with barley growing, and the process must be managed right through "from field to firkin".


This paper describes the issues and challenges associated with the formulation of a practical, cost effective, but ultimately effective water management strategy for a mine site situated on the floodplain of a large river system in central Queensland, Australia. The Curragh North coal mine is located on an alluvial floodplain of the Mackenzie River, in central Queensland, Australia. The catchment area at the mine site is 50,000 km2 and the site had been inundated by flood waters during previous flood events. Until recently, development of the site had not proceeded, due to the inherent difficulties involved in overcoming the risks associated with flood protection, management of off site environmental impacts, provision of a sustainable water supply and management of mine water runoff. Using innovative design and construction techniques, we were able to provide the mine owners (Wesfarmers) with the two key elements critical to the Mine's viability, namely a sustainable water supply to satisfy the mine's operational demands and a cost effective flood protection strategy for protection of the Mine's infrastructure. We adopted a holistic design approach to address and answer the following key project challenges: - daily water balance modelling of the mine water management system to maximise on-site water harvesting - design of a two-way pipeline to enable exchange of water to and from an existing final void, thereby reducing evaporative losses and on-site dam infrastructure requirements - creation of dams within reshaped spoil piles to maximise the water harvesting potential as the mine expands - design of controlled release points to allow spills to the Mackenzie River only when the river flows are between set limits. The project won a high commendation in the Engineers Australia Queensland Engineering Excellence Awards 2006. The judges were 'impressed with the water management system designed to provide a reliable water supply for mining operations, to minimise run-off entering mining pits and controlling off site discharges'.


A central issue in competitive strategy is the ability of firms to sustain competitive advantages, a topic that is usually treated taking existence of the competitive advantage as given. We endogenize both the existence and sustainability of competitive advantage using a duopoly model in which each firm can develop a resource that improves its competitive position. We assume time compression diseconomies where the quicker a firm develops the resource, the higher the development cost. We show that time compression diseconomies naturally give rise to resource heterogeneity and hence competitive advantage in that one firm develops the resource faster than the other. We quantify the sustainability of the competitive advantage, derive conditions under which the resource is "inimitable" and show that firm profits are nonmonotonic in the extent of time compression diseconomies. We allow firms a choice between developing the resource themselves and imitating the previously developed resource of their rival. Contrary to received wisdom, we show that an innovative firm can increase sustainability and profits by decreasing


Water indicators: the mineralization, rigidity, chromaticity are risk factors in formation of urolithic illness. Potable water with the raised mineralization, rigidity, chromaticity should pass clearing and a filtration that prevents predisposition and formation of stones in kidneys. In areas with a high risk by urolithic illness, it is necessary to spend wide inspections with use «Litos-systems». That allows to carry out early diagnostics, effective preventive maintenance and treatment of urolithic illness.


The semiconductor element is provided on the active pattern and on the active pattern that is provided on the substrate, a gate electrode crossing the active pattern. The activity pattern is a second buffer pattern between the doped pattern, and the doped pattern and the channel pattern between the first buffer pattern, the first buffer pattern on the channel pattern, the first buffer pattern and the channel pattern on the substrate It includes. The doped pattern includes a graphene impurities are injected.


The change of pomegranate(Punica L.)tree form and its crown pruning and culture were conducted in the experiment to speed up the development of pomegranate production.The management of pomegranate over-wintering by being huried under soil in the south of Xinjiang was analyzed.The effcet of tree crown on pomegranate and its overwintering were expounded from both theoretical and practical angles,which layed an excellent foundation for the further development of pomegranate production in the south of Xinjiang.


We prove a conjecture of the first-named author ([J14]) on the upper bound Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms in Arthur packets of split classical groups over any number field.


Abstract: After skin cancer, the most common type of cancer is breast cancer among the world population. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-induced mortality among women. Breast cancer is frequently diagnosed by using biopsies in which tissue is removed from the breast and studied under a microscope. The results of these biopsies are based on the qualifications and experience of the pathologist who diagnoses the abnormal cell under the microscope. With the emergence of advancements in the fields of image processing and artificial intelligence, there is an area of interest in developing a deep learning model to improve and enhance the quality and accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. This study proposed a deep learning model that automatically analyses the multiclass classification of hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) by discriminating the IDC into grades such as G-1, G-2, and G-3. The methodology is focused on a deep learning model to detect grades of invasive ductal carcinoma by adopting the Sequential Convolutional Neural Network Two-Dimensional (CNN2D). We used DataBiox, a public dataset taken from an internet source consisting of 922 images. We evaluate the result of multiclass classification by dividing 80% and 20% of the dataset into training and testing data, respectively. As a result of the training and testing of the pre-trained CNN model, sequential CNN yields the accuracy of the model of 92.81%. Our model accurately classifies a multi-class classification of histological images of grades of breast cancer, specifically IDC. It is ready to be tested with a more diverse and massive database in the future.


¡H1 align=center¿Ways of Knowing: Acceptable Understandings ¡P align=center¿Nature that fram'd us of four elements, Warring within our breasts for regiment, Doth teach us all to have aspiring minds: Our souls whose faculties can comprehend The wondrous Architecture of the world: And measure every wand'ring planet's course, Still climbing after knowledge infinite, And always moving as the restless Spheres Will us to wear ourselves and never rest . . . ¡P align=center¿Christopher Marlowe Tamburlaine the Great (1590)


The long and narrow San Joaquin Valley of California represents a Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene basin of deposition. Many sediment sources around the periphery have filled the basin with coarse clastic materials to a thickness of more than 40,000 ft (12,190 m). Numerous local and regional uplifts and structural deformations have combined with the varied depositional sources to create extreme structural and stratigraphic complexity. San Joaquin is the largest onshore basin in the state and contains 94 oil fields and 16 gas fields with proved reserves of 7.8 billion bbl of oil and 11.18 trillion cu ft of gas. I estimate that these proved reserves represent only 70 percent of the potential recoverable reserves of the basin. Of the 30 percent that remains, one fourth should e found in the north half of the basin. I estimate that the remaining three fourths will be distributed in the southern half of the basin in the following manner: "East Side," 5 percent; "South End," 5 percent; "Paloma Deep," 10 percent; "West Side," 10 percent; Bakersfield arch, 25 percent; and "Central Valley," 45 percent. Severe land problems plague the last three areas. Deeper drilling and a new exploration attitude will be required to find these additional reserves in stratigraphic and hidden structural traps.


We present a fully discrete subgrid stabilized finite element method to solve the Darcy-Brinkman equations in Double-Diffusion convection. The time is advanced by one order Backward Euler scheme. With the proper choosing of stabilized parameters, the optimal error estimates in space can be obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration in H1 semi-norm. The derived theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments. One example is to verify the convergence results and the other example is a pure thermal convection in a porous medium to verify the stability of ours method.


Abstract– The method of Thompson (1973) for isolation and fractionation of brain nuclei was modified by the introduction of 12mM‐Mg2+ in the isolating media. This technique gives a good yield of pure (85‐90%) neuronal and glial rat brain nuclei, with minimal disruption of nuclei and degradation or processing of nuclear RNA. The RNA/DNA ratio of neuronal nuclei is about 3‐fold higher than that of glial nuclei. Analysis of nucleolar RNA fractions by urea‐agar gel electrophoresis allows the identification of 45S, 41S, 39S, 36S, 32S and 21S pre‐rRNA components. The pattern of nucleolar pre‐rRNA and rRNA species in neuronal and glial nuclei is identical. These results demonstrate the existence in brain nuclei of multiple pre‐rRNA processing pathways qualitatively similar to those observed in other animal tissues.


The invention relates to a fixedly-inclining solar charging carport. The fixedly-inclining solar charging carport comprises a plurality of stand columns fixed with the ground, crossbeams connected with the stand columns, a canopy arranged above the stand columns and storage batteries or a power grid, the canopy comprises a plurality of solar panels which are connected with an inverter, the storage batteries or the power grid is connected with the solar panels, and sockets are arranged in the stand columns or/and the crossbeams and are connected with the storage batteries or the power grid through lines. The fixedly-inclining solar charging carport is simple in structure and convenient to use. An original canopy of the carport is replaced by the solar panels, and the sockets are arranged in the stand columns and the crossbeams, so that accumulator cars and/or electric cars parking in the carport can be directly charged, electric power is obtained by the carport via solar energy, solar power generating capacity is fully utilized in days when solar energy generates the maximum amount of electricity, effect on the power grid is reduced, carbon emission is reduced, and environment is protected.


Panel-analysis shows that long-term as well as short-term poverty [in Belgium] seems to be concentrated among a clearly identifiable group: the low-skilled. The direct effect of the level of education is significant. Furthermore lifecycle-transitions and changes in labour market position seem to effect the poverty-risk of the low-skilled more. (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN ENG)


A three replicate, split plot design was used with species as main plot treatments and shading as subplot treatments. Species treatments included Indica hybrid Ⅱ you 162, Dyou 68 and Gangyou 22. Shading treatments began after 10% panicles heading, and subplot treatments were wrapped with one or two layers of 49% shade or 69% shade. The leaves characteristics were measured. The leaves characteristics were obviously affected by the low light stress. The length and the width of leaves under low light stress were greater than those of the control. The average LAI of each species in 49% shade was higher than that of the control, and the LAI of each species in 69% shade was lower than that in 49% shade. The SLA of Dyou 68 and Gangyou 22 increased while the light density decreased. The chla, chlb, chl (a+b) increased, and chl a/b decreased while light density decreased. The relative dry matter weight of leaves in 49% shade or 69% shade was higher than that of the control.


A parallel-plate test cell is designed and implemented for EMP testing covered under MIL STD 461E/F, testing standard RS-105, while being two-man portable, and set-up in less than one hour. The MIL STD 461 E/F document details the RS-105 hardware requirements for this test. This includes a TEM waveguide structure, a pulse generator and a Faraday cage for shielding the oscilloscope used for calibrating and diagnosing the electrical behavior of the system. The specification suggests a solid parallel plate TEM waveguide, sourced by a pulse generator. A field probe is to be used to measure the field strength at various defined points within the test region. Design and operational data from the tester are presented in this paper.


There is a strong urge for advanced diagnosis method, especially in high power battery packs and high energy density cell design applications, such as electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle segment, due to safety concerns. Accurate and robust diagnosis methods are required in order to optimize battery charge utilization and improve EV range. Battery faults cause significant model parameter variation affecting battery internal states and output. This work is focused on developing diagnosis method to reliably detect various faults inside lithiumion cell using electrochemical model based observer and fuzzy logic algorithm, which is implementable in real-time. The internal states and outputs from battery plant model were compared against those from the electrochemical model based observer to generate the residuals. These residuals and states were further used in a fuzzy logic based residual evaluation algorithm in order to detect the battery faults. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology is able to detect various fault types including overcharge, over-discharge and aged battery quickly and reliably, thus providing an effective and accurate way of diagnosing Li-Ion battery faults.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Taking Shenfu mining subsidence area as example,subsided mining area recovery period is statistically investigated.In seven-year field work from 2004 to 2010,the surface breakage rate,residual value in subsidence crannies,and six other parameters are selected as the assessment factors,and a fuzzy model is hence established to assess the over-ground environment development of Shenfu mining subsidence area.Calculation results indicate that: in one year subsidence,the comprehensive index is 0.918 4,suggesting a diversified stage of over-ground environment development;in two to three years,the index is 0.731 9 to 0.635 7,suggesting an accelerated stage;in four to five years,the index is 0.404 6 to 0.316 4,suggesting a transitional stage;and in six to seven years,the index is 0.281 2 to 0.264 7,suggesting a decelerated stage.The simulation coincides with the practice.


In December 2008, a Guinean newspaper published a photo of a frail and ailing President Lansana Conte, who appeared to be struggling to stand up. The photo stoked rumours of the president's ill health. Its publication also angered the country's political elite, who hastily ordered the editor's arrest. By the next day, on the instructions of security operatives, the publication's front page carried an even bigger photo of Mr. Conte — this time smiling broadly and looking spirited. But he died just a week later, justifying the newspaper's initial resolve to let Guineans know that his health was failing.


Epilepsies and epileptic syndromes are among the most common chronic neurological disorders in neonates, infants, and children. Remission occurs in 70% of epileptic children, while other cases experience frequent seizures and become refractory to various treatment modalities. Refractory seizures have a significant adverse impact on the quality of life of epileptic children and their families. Prognosis of epilepsies is determined based on the risk of seizure or convulsion recurrence. Some of the most important risk factors for recurrence are the age at seizure presentation, neurodevelopment of the child, etiology of seizures, seizure frequency before anticonvulsant withdrawal, response to antiepileptic medications, type of epileptic syndromes, and electroencephalography of the patient. Recognition of the risk factors for seizure recurrence results in the optimal management of the treatment protocols, thereby reducing the adverse effects of epileptic seizures on patients and their families. The present study aimed to provide a narrative review of the most important risk factors for the recurrence of epilepsies in children by two child neurologists.


The article considers the questions of information support of decision-making in the management of educational route with the use of intelligent technologies, justified the introduction of the third circuit management in the scheme of the system of management and use of neural network technologies for the clustering to provide support for management decisions, and illustrates the scheme of decision-making. The clustering results are used to assess the feasibility for the development of educational routes in joint program of double diplomas or to select the host of the University under programs of academic mobility.


condition. He presented with feeling of fatigue and abdominal pain, and was transferred to our hospital with a suspected diagnosis of incarcerated hiatal hernia. An emergen-cy operation was performed because of his worsening respiratory status. Intraoperative findings showed that the transverse colon had prolapsed into the right thoracic cavity through the hiatus. Although the incarcerated hernia was released, partial resection of the transverse colon and colostomy were performed because an ischemic change was identified in the colon. The enlarged hiatus was repaired by sutures. Sometimes we encounter cases of hiatal hernia after esophagectomy, in which the reconstruction had pre-dominantly been performed via posterior mediastinal route and extremely rarely done via retrosternal route. The mechanisms of the onset of hiatal hernia after retrosternal reconstruction are predicted to be a vulnerability of the hiatal tissue and smallness of the lateral segment of the liver. Intraoperative findings showed the hiatus to be narrow and strong but not to be covered by the lateral segment. The decrease of adhesions in the thoracic or abdominal cavity by transhiatal non-thoracic approach or HALS technique might also contribute to the risk of causing hiatal hernia after esophagectomy.


Edge detection is a basic and fundamental function in image processing. Inspired by the new dilated convolution techniques which have impressive results in machine learning, we discuss here the idea of dilating the standard filters which are used to compute the gradient of an image. We compare the result of the proposed dilated filters with original filters and extend or custom variants of them. We also present the impact of dilatation on a complex edge detection algorithm, like Canny.


The challenges of nonprofit management and leadership often lie in balancing the constant demands of internal issues and the rapidly changing external context. As the third and final segment of the Casa de Esperanza case illustrates, there is no point of perfect balance. Part C documents the various mechanisms used to institutionalize the organization's identity as a community-based Latina organization, including new structures, planning processes, and human resource management. In all, leaders strive to make the organization truly bicultural, allowing it to participate in mainstream circles while remaining grounded in core community values and practices. When faced by a new mandate from state funders, leaders use these internal changes as a new filter when considering the most appropriate action. As such, the case illustrates how proactive structural change can propel an organization to recognize realities.


Floating-gate (FG) transistors are commonly used in synthetic neural systems for implementing analog multipliers. However, conventional floating-gate multipliers are sensitive to variations in temperature which limit their application to only controlled environments. Previously, we had reported an off-chip temperature compensation algorithm for floating-gate current memories which used varactors to cancel out the temperature dependent factors. In this paper, we report a continuous-time circuit implementation of the temperature compensation algorithm and show that it enables on-chip implementation of temperature compensated current amplifiers and analog multipliers. Using measured results from fabricated prototypes in a 0.5μm CMOS process, we demonstrate the functionality of the compensation circuit and show that it leads to an order-of-magnitude lower temperature sensitivity for FG multipliers when compared to an uncompensated case.


__________________________________________________________________________________ *Correspondence: Vicente Andrés, Ph.D; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jaime Roig, 11 46010 Valencia (SPAIN); Tel.: +34-963391752 (office), +34-963391751 (lab), Fax: +34-963690800; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The invention discloses a health monitoring and warning system which comprises a transmitting-end wireless electronic measuring watch device, a cloud computing center and a receiving-end intelligent mobile phone. The transmitting-end wireless electronic measuring watch device dynamically acquires vital signs such as the blood pressure and the pulse of a measuring watch wearer throughout the day, acquired information is transmitted to the cloud computing center via an SIM (subscriber identity module) card interface unit module in real time at certain intervals, the cloud computing center receives data and analyzes the data, an analysis module of a warning module transmits abnormal data to the warning module, and the warning module matches short messages and transmits the short messages to the receiving-end intelligent mobile phone. The health monitoring and warning system has the advantages that the health monitoring and warning system can remotely, timely and effectively assist people to prevent and discover various diseases, a health archive can be created, and dangerous conditions can be timely found out and processed.


This paper discusses applying facilities in SMIL 2.0 to the problem of annotating multimedia presentations. Rather than viewing annotations as collections of (abstract) meta-informa-tion for use in indexing, retrieval or semantic processing, we view annotations as a set of peer-level content with temporal and spatial relationships that are important in presenting a coherent story to a user. The composite nature of the collection of media is essential to the nature of peer-level annotations: you would typically annotate a single media item much differently than that same media item in the context of a total presentation.This paper focuses on the document engineering aspects of the annotation system. We do not consider any particular user interface for creating the annotations or any back-end storage architecture to save/search the annotations. Instead, we focus on how annotations can be represented within a common document architecture and we consider means of providing docu-ment facilities that meet the requirements of our user model. We present our work in the context of a medical patient dossier example.


One of the tasks assigned to autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is the search for designated bottom objects. To solve it, AUVs are equipped with hydroacoustic, electromagnetic and optical systems for bottom monitoring. Considering that each of these systems has limitations, their complex use is supposed. The most difficult task in the search for bottom objects is their recognition. To solve it, the paper proposes the use of deep learning technology for a problem-oriented artificial neural network with the peculiarity that the training material is generated programmatically in the form of digital images of the desired bottom object at the output of hydroacoustic, optical and electromagnetic bottom monitoring systems in various conditions of their observation. The application of this technology is shown on the example of recognition of aircraft from its images obtained using a side-scan sonar.


Phase change materials, over 4 300, are green materials. It is clean and energy saving when phase change materials to be used in heat storage.This paper has introduced the classes and characters of phase change materials. The applications of phase change materials have been discussed mainly in space, such as solar dynamic power, constant temperature control of instruments in spacecraft, and EVA spacesuit.


PORTOSYSTEMIC shunts are abnormal vascular communications allowing some of the portal blood draining the stomach, intestines, pancreas and spleen to bypass the liver and directly enter the systemic circulation. They may be congenital anomalies of portal venous drainage or acquired secondary to portal hypertension. They are relatively common in dogs and are also occasionally seen in cats, horses, cows and pigs. A shunt may be suspected in an animal with a suggestive history, clinical appearance and blood test results. Definitive diagnosis is more difficult, relying on demonstration of shunting and/or visualisation of the shunting vessel(s) with ultrasound, contrast radiography, gamma-scintigraphy or directly at laparotomy. Management decisions depend on a definitive diagnosis and also present a challenge as several factors, including the type of shunt and the age at presentation, will influence whether an animal is managed surgically or medically.


Abstract : Methods for reducing the maximum credible event (MCE) while moving pallets of M55 rockets are discussed. The use of containment vessels to prevent the dispersion of chemical agent should an explosion of a warhead occur is suggested and a program to investigate both phases of the problem is recommended.


Child witness accuracy is of great concern to psychologists, legal and social service authorities, attorneys, judges, and society as a whole. In this article, we summarize scientific research on children's eyewitness testimony, including child factors, social circumstances, and interview characteristics that affect children's memory and suggestibility; interview techniques that encourage accurate eyewitness reports; courtroom accommodations to reduce stress and increase accuracy for child witnesses; jurors' reactions to children's testimony; and future directions in child witness research.

Keywords:

child witness;
child eyewitness testimony;
child eyewitness memory;
child abuse;
child victim;
forensic interviews;
child advocacy center;
jurors;
jury;
disclosure


Abstract: The Shelterbelt Forest System Program in northeast, north and northwest China (the Three-North Shelterbelt Program, TNSP) is the largest ecological reforestation program in the world. TNSP vegetation research has important ecological meaning and profound social and economic significance. Here, spatio-temporal variation in vegetation cover under the TNSP was examined using the NDVI average method, major climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, and linear regression trend analysis from 1982 to 2006. We found that in the past 25 years, NDVI vegetation in the study area has consistently risen at a rate of 0.007 per decade. Vegetation cover, temperature and precipitation are positively correlated. The area of vegetation associated with precipitation is larger than the area related to temperature; precipitation is the key factor affecting vegetation growth across the TNSP. From 1982 to 2006, regions with improved vegetation cover were found in the central and southern part of the Greate...


The subject of this thesis was the construction of a mutated transmembrane isoform 3 Na+/H+ protein exchanger (NHE3). 24 amino acids deleted (Leu 586 – Arg609) are crucial for NHE3 protein regulation. The role of this exchanger is maintaining the homeostasis of cellular pH, by certain stimulators or inhibitors. The deletion has been accomplished by standard polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) using fragments of NHE3 sequence with flanking ends. The template for the reaction was pcDNA 3.1(+) plasmid with an inserted HA-NHE3 cDNA sequence (pcDNA/HA-NHE3). The efficacy of the deletion was checked by comparing the mutated fragment AD with control, unmutated fragment. After that, both pcDNA/HA-NHE3 plasmid and fragment AD were treated with PmaCI restriction enzyme having two restriction sites within the NHE3 sequence. Then, using the products of the reaction and treating them with ligase, a plasmid with a mutated NHE3 sequence was constructed, pcDNA/dHA-NHE3. Escherichia coli, DH5μ were transformed with ligation product and pcDNA/dHA-NHE3 plasmid was isolated from transformed colonies. The efficacy of the ligation and the proper orientation of the insert were examend by restriction analysis. The efficacy of the mutation was shown by PCR reaction using an anti-sense primer annealing to the deleted amino acid sequence. The final confirmation of the deletion was the sequencing of the isolated plasmid. A fibroblast PS120 cell line was transformed by pcDNA/dHA-NHE3 plasmid and the functionality of the NHE3 protein was shown by acid loading. The mutated protein was functional, leading to the conclusion that the protein contains several regulation sequences, separate or together.


In the past few lectures, we have reviewed various first order methods used for minimizing convex optimization problems. Although first order methods only need computation of the gradient at each step, second-order methods would require solving linear equations that will be covered later. Several efficient non-iterative matrix algorithms exist for this purpose. We will look at some of them in this lecture and estimate their computational complexity.


Sea Grant College Program of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez;
Hispanic Scholarship Fund;
Puerto Rico Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR);
University of Puerto Rico Alliance for the Graduate Education and the Professorate Fellowship (Grant No. NSF/AGEP–HRD # 0302696);
Institute of Marine Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill;
Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources;
Boqueron Wildlife Refuge, Mona Island, Mayaguez Regional, and San Juan Offices;
USDA-Forest Service, Sabana Station, Luquillo;
University of Arkansas at Fayetteville;
University of Massachusetts at Amherst;
University of Oslo, Norway;
Washington State University, Pullman;
USDA-ARS, Maryland;
USDA, Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras;
USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, Louisiana;
CABI Bioscience, Surrey;
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign;
Cryptogamic Herbarium, The University of Hong Kong, China;
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand;
Entomology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, California;
USDA, ARS Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.;
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri


The article covers why scientific research and the discipline construction should develop coordinately,what problems would occur during the development,how coordinated development should be.


Negation and modality are two important grammatical phenomena that have attracted recent research attention as they can contribute to extra-propositional meaning aspects, among with factuality, attribution, irony and sarcasm. These aspects go beyond analysis such as semantic role labeling, and modeling them is important as a step towards a higher level of language understanding, which is needed for practical applications such as sentiment analysis. In this talk, I will go beyond English, and I will discuss how negation and modality are expressed in other languages. I will also go beyond sentiment analysis and I will present some challenges that the two phenomena pose for machine translation (MT). In particular, I will demonstrate how contemporary MT systems fail on them, and I will discuss some possible solutions.


Septic tanks is one of the most widely used rural domestic sewage treatment Technologies in south China, The combined processes of the septic tanks and other appropriate technologies can be more effectively to improve the rural sewage domestic treatment effect, to meet the reference standards. According to the characteristics of the rural domestic Sewage in south China, to select and promote appropriate septic tank and its combined processes with less investment, stable operation, easy maintenance and management.


To recognize how people interact with objects is essential for humans and artificial systems like robots. However, this recognition task is difficult and requires the capturing of the details of effector and goal object under a wide range of image transformations, such as view or position changes. Here, we demonstrate how specific effector-object interactions can be efficiently recognized by a simple, biologically plausible neural model. In line with biological evidence, the model applies a view-based approach for the recognition of grasping sequences from videos. The model generalizes to untrained views by interpolation between stored example views. In addition, it presents a novel physiologically plausible mechanism to capture the spatial relationship between effector and object. The results support the view that where and how an object will be grasped by an agent can be predicted without estimation of the 3D structure of the scene.


We establish some estimates on the hyper bilinear Hilbert transform on both Euclidean space and torus. We also use a transference method to obtain a Kenig-Stein's estimate on bilinear fractional integrals on the n-torus.


This thesis concerns describing the mechanical properties of the two dimensional material graphene by continuum elasticity theory. In particular, Nano ElectroMechanical Systems (NEMS) where part of the graphene sheet is made suspended, are considered.

In the first paper, the motion of a suspended graphene sheet is used to enhance the operation of a carbon nanotube field effect transistor. Here, the suspended graphene is used as a top-gate, controlling the charge density on the carbon nanotube channel. It is shown that the motion of the graphene sheet increases the sensitivity of the charge density on the carbon nanotube to the applied gate voltage.

A factor limiting the applicability of mechanical resonators in electronics is damping of the mechanical motion. In an ongoing project, a specific mode of dissipation, namely the coupling between the flexural motion of the graphene sheet to phonons in the graphene and the underlying substrate, is investigated on a theoretical basis. It is found that this mechanism gives rise to both linear and amplitude dependent (nonlinear) damping.

In paper II, the rigidity of graphene toward bending is investigated in collaboration with an experimental group at Gothenburg University. Here, compressive strain was built up in the graphene membrane through thermal cycling. Upon making the membrane suspended, the strain was released, causing the graphene to buckle. This type of buckled structures display an instability at a certain critical pressure. This critical pressure was then related to the bending rigidity of graphene. The bending rigidity was measured both for bilayered and monolayered graphene, with the result $\kappa_{Bi}\approx 30^{+20}_{-15}$eV and $\kappa_{Mono}\approx 7^{+4}_{-3}$ eV.


The results of endoscopic, ultrasonic and operative treatment of patients with cardia achalasia were analyzed. 78 patients aged from 19 to 82 years old had been examined. Endoscopic balloon cardiodilatation was used in 68 patients, 10 of them botulinum toxin was supplemented in cardia. We have got good resultswith most patients.


Health policy and the constructive conversationalist. The value of values. Health and wellbeing. Equity and justice. Choice. Democracy. Stewardship. Evidence. Efficiency. Synergy. Sustainability. Interdependence. Creativity. Ethical considerations in health systems. Justice and the allocation of health care. Health values and the politician. The future.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD FOR USING A PLASMA GENERATOR TO INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WIND IN FURNACE TANK FOR MERGER AND ANY REDUCTION OF METALS ETOU METAL OXIDE. ACCORDING INVENTION, THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCED IN THE GENERATOR IS tRANSFERRED PLASMA 11, MAINLY TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE, GENERATOR PLASMA WIND 11 TO GAS GAS IS INERT OR BY OXIDANT REPORT TO THE METAL PROCESSING, PRODUCT OF mOLAR FRACTION OF OXYGEN AND mOLAR FRACTION OF NITROGEN IN THE GAS IS USED THAN 0.02. APPLICABLE INCLUDING THE iNVENTION EXECUTIVE RANGES.


Fiber, PVA fiber, Cement, Glycerin, Engineered cement composites. Concrete, in its simplest definition, is a building material obtained by combining water, cement and aggregate in certain proportions. The basic chemical components of concrete consist of these three materials. However, it has been an important issue to develop concrete against many effects other than its existing mechanical and physical properties, thanks to its economic and easy accessibility. Fibers that have been added to concrete in order to improve the tensile stresses of concrete since the past have been expanding their range today. PVA fiber reinforced concrete, known as engineered cementitious composite (ECC), improves the low tensile stress of concrete and accordingly provides high toughness. ECC concrete is a material developed with a micromechanical mix design. However, the use of ECC concrete is limited due to its disadvantage in terms of easy accessibility and economy. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of 1 drop of glycerin added PVA fiber and 2 drops of glycerin added PVA fiber concretes were investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated by adding 2% PVA 1 drop of glycerin fiber and PVA 2 drops of glycerin fiber into the concrete mix design prepared with the micromechanical design. According to the findings, an increase was observed in water absorption, porosity and electrical resistivity tests compared to the control sample and commercial PVA fiber samples; A decrease was observed in the charpy experiment.


Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an incurable disease that affects over 168,000 women in the US. Family caregivers play a critical role in patients' adjustment to MBC by providing practical and emotional support. However, the extensive involvement of caregivers in patient care places them at increased risk for clinically significant psychological distress symptoms. In fact, research has shown that distress is as prominent for caregivers as it is for patients and that it can adversely affect caregiver support to the patient. Distress screening with appropriate triage and follow-up for psychosocial concerns is recognized by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) as critical for ensuring high-quality comprehensive cancer care. However, clinical tools to assist with recognizing caregiver distress are sparse, creating a practical barrier for caregivers to obtain needed psychosocial support. The NCCN Distress Thermometer (DT) is a validated single-item self-report measure that was developed to screen for cancer patient distress. It is often used with the NCCN 42-item Problem List (PL) which identifies sources of distress to help guide providers in making appropriate referrals. Although the DT has been validated for use with caregivers, most adult oncology practices have yet to establish protocols for identifying caregivers with high distress levels. Part of the problem is that many PL items ask about physical and other concerns that are related to either having or undergoing treatment for cancer. Developing a caregiver-focused PL could thus not only improve clinical uptake of distress screening for cancer caregivers, but also enable greater integration of family-centered support services as part of routine cancer care. With these goals in mind, this mixed-methods study sought to inform development of a PL to address the unique concerns of cancer caregivers. Methods: Caregivers of MBC patients completed a short survey containing sociodemographic questions and the NCCN DT. They also participated in semi-structured interviews about their role in symptom management, psychosocial impacts of cancer, and unmet needs. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The five NCCN problem domains (i.e., physical, emotional, family, practical, and religious/spiritual concerns) that have been identified as sources of distress were used to guide thematic analysis. Results: Nineteen caregivers (63.2% female; 47.4% racial/ethnic minorities) participated. Most were middle aged (M = 54.4, SD = 16.4) and either spouses (42.1%) or adult children (31.6%). Surveys revealed that caregivers had moderate distress levels (M=4.4 out of 10, SD=3.1); 53% exceeded the DT cut-off of 5, warranting further psychological evaluation. In the interviews, caregivers reported an average of 7.7 concerns (Range = 0 to 17 concerns). The most common issues were worry (63.2%), coping with the patient's emotions (57.9%), providing emotional support to the patient (52.6%) and assisting with activities of daily living (47.9%). Caregivers also expressed problems coordinating care with other family members, feelings of guilt, and unmet needs for information. Caregivers reporting more concerns reported significantly (p<.05) higher levels of psychological distress. Conclusion: Many of the concerns raised by MBC caregivers did not align with the NCCN PL, suggesting that development of a caregiver-specific PL is warranted. Additional study is needed to determine whether such a PL could help to efficiently route caregivers to information and resources matching their needs and ultimately help to alleviate their distress.
 Citation Format: Ashley Buchanan, Astrid Sarfo, Hoda Badr. Distress Screening for Family Caregivers of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-08.


Muscle histopathology is the one of the most important diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of muscle diseases [1]. Nevertheless, it is a highly specialized field and only a limited number of experts are available in the world. Not surprisingly, significant number of cases are undiagnosed in underserved areas. We therefore intended to establish a computer-aided diagnostic system which should be helpful in this domain. This study aims to develop a multi-class classifier with deep learning for computer-aided muscle histopathological diagnosis. We chose five genetic muscle disease categories (dystrophinopathy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A (LGMD2A), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B), Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), and Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD)) as targets and aimed to distinguish between these diseases. We developed a new classifier, which we call the aggregated classifier, that improves the classification accuracy of existing classifiers to deal with histopathological images. The classifier achieved better classification accuracy than not only the existing classifier but also eight physicians who have been trained for muscle histopathology for variable duration. This result suggests that causative genes may possibly be precisely predicted only by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained images without genetic testing.


BACKGROUND
The World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for the control of malaria during pregnancy include prompt and effective case management of malaria combined with prevention of infection by insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). Despite this the uptake is poor.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the malaria prevention measures utilized by these women in this environment.

METHODS
Information was obtained from consented pregnant and newly delivered women on their socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and use of malaria chemoprophylaxis

RESULTS
One Thousand three hundred thirty (1330) pregnant and newly delivered women in 132 facilities within the Ibadan metropolis were surveyed. The mean age of the respondents was 29. 67 years (±5.21). The modes of prevention most commonly reported as being effective were the use of insecticide spray, window nets and ITN. Only 28.2% were using ITNs in the index pregnancy, and 67.2% of the women had had a drug administered for prophylactic purposes in the index pregnancy.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates awareness but poor use of control measures. Additionally, there is poor use of the recommended agent for IPT. The factors militating against the use of these preventive measures need to be urgently explored and addressed.


This paper introduces a tunable fractional order parallel resonator (FOPR) whose resonating frequency can be tuned by the coefficient of a fractional order (FO) element (fractor). At the same time, its Q-factor can be set very high (theoretically infinite) by varying its resistor. Using this FOPR circuit, two simple FO filters (FO bandpass and FO notch) are also developed. The paper includes detail sensitivity analyses of these circuits for various circuit parameters and describes how different design parameters of proposed FOPR and FO filters are chosen accordingly. Proposed FOPR and FO filters are simulated in MATLAB and realized in hardware. The hardware circuits are tested practically, and detail experimental results are provided. It is found that the experimental data are in good agreement with the simulation data. In hardware, the realized FOPR has achieved a Q-factor up to 360, and the realized FO notch filter has Q > 10 when its attenuation is more than 30 dB. Different practical aspects of filter tuning are also described in detail.


The free educational game ReMeM:BER is introduced, which offers to students an opportunity to recapitulate the knowledge of organic chemical reaction mechanisms using the methods of a memory game. In its simplest form, everyone can play it as a special type of memory game incorporating chemical motifs. The level of difficulty of the game can be individually increased by varying the number of cards and through the combination of different pairs of cards (for example, educts - products, reaction name - reaction mechanism). The reaction mechanisms are provided as animated gif files and self-made animations can extend the game. It is possible to use ReMeM:BER in a single player mode or against another player. Java must be installed to run it on a PC.


With the quantum interference between two transition pathways, we demonstrate a scheme to coherently control the momentum entanglement between a single atom and a single photon. The unavoidable disentanglement is also studied from the first principle, which indicates that the stably entangled atom-photon system with superhigh degree of entanglement may be realized with this scheme under certain conditions.


Reliable urban public traffic system has been established in almost all the economically developed cities across the world,and the integration of rail transit and commerce in particular featuring convenience and efficiency has become the lifeline for both transportation and the living.The rail transit construction in our country accompanied by the accelerated urbanization process has been undergoing rapid progress.In some cases,traffic node is the convergence not only of people flow but also of commercial activities;therefore it's on top agenda of the designers to address the rational integration so as to create a highly efficient and delightful space.The author hopes this research in integration design of rail transit and commerce will provide reference for designers during design and planning of the construction of the similar type,and further lead to the double win of economy and social benefit.


Glueagon and insulin are the primary countertegula tory hormones that control glucose homeostasis. Disruption of the ratio of these hormones has been implicared in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially as pancreatic p-cell function deteriorates and prandial insulin secretion is prograssiveiy delayed. As a result, hepatic glucose production is no longer suppressed; contributing sagnificantly to hypergiycemia. Thus, strategies to modulate glucagon activity have been proposed as new therapeutic approaches to improve glucose control in diaber, patients. Peptide glucagon antagonists, antiglucagon antibodies and low-molecular-welght glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonists have shown glucose-lowering efficacy in acule studies, providing prodol-of-concept validation that inhibiting this pathway impacts giycemia in diabetes. Recently, ‖ the use of gene knockout and antisense oligonucieotide (ASO) technology has demonstrated the potential long-term effects of modulating glucagon action, impodantly, administration of GCGR ASOs in rodent modeie of diabotes has provtded key information about the affects of inhibiting the GCGR in this disease state. Although strategic drug discovery questions still remain that will impact the pursuit of antiglucagon compounds, the successful development of such molecules may offer diabetic patients better options to improve glucose control.


Coal pillar design has been based on generalised formulae of the strength of the coal in a pillar and experience in localised situations. Stress measurements above and in coal pillars indicate that the actual strength and deformation of pillars varies much more than predicted by formulae. This variation is due to failure of strata surrounding coal. The pillar strength and deformation of the adjacent roadways is a function of failure in the coal and the strata about the coal. When the pillar is viewed as a system in which failure also occurs in the strata, rather than the coal only, the wide range of pillar strength characteristics found in the UK, USA, South Africa, Australia, China, Japan and other countries are simply variations due to different strata-coal combinations and not different coal strengths. This paper presents the measured range of pillar strength characteristics and explains the reasons. Methods to design pillar layouts with regard to the potential strength variations due to the strata strength characteristics surrounding the seam are presented. INTRODUCTION The strength characteristics of coal pillars has been studied by many workers and the subject is well discussed in the literature (for example, Salamon and Monroe, 1967; Wilson, 1972; Hustrulid, 1976; Mark and Iannacchione, 1992; Gale, 1996). In general a range of strength relationships have been derived from four main sources: Laboratory strength measurements on different-sized coal block specimens; Empirical relationships from observations of failed and unfailed pillars; 2. A theoretical fit of statistical data and observations; and 3. Theoretical extrapolation of the vertical stress buildup from the ribside toward the pillar centre, to define the load capacity of a pillar. 4. These relationships provide a relatively wide range of potential strengths for the same pillar geometry .In practice, it has been found that various formulae are favoured (or modified) by users, depending on past experience in their application to certain mining districts or countries. In general, the application of empirically and statistically based formulae has been restricted to the mining method and geological environment for which they were developed, and they often relate to specific pillar geometries. Such relationships have usually been developed for relatively small pillars having width to height (W/H) ratios less than 5, and can only be used with confidence in these situations. In general these methods were developed for shallow, extensive bord and pillar operations for which the pillar was designed to hold the weight of overburden. The development of stress measurement and detailed rock deformation recording tools over the last 10-15 years has allowed much more quantification of actual pillar stresses and deformations. Little of this data were available when many of the pillar strength relationships were originally defined. Similarly, the development of computer simulation methods has allowed detailed back analysis of the mechanics of strata-coal interaction in formed up pillars. The author and his colleagues have conducted numerous monitoring and stress measurement programs to assess roadway stability and pillar design requirements in Australia, UK, Japan, USA, Indonesia and Mexico. The results of these investigations, and others reported in the literature, have demonstrated that the mechanical response of the coal and surrounding strata defines the pillar strength, which can vary widely depending on geology and stress environment. The application of a pillar strength formulae to assess the strength of a system which is controlled by the interaction of geology , stress and associated rock failure is commonly an over simplification. SCT Operations, Wollongong East NSW 2500 COAL98 Conference Wollongong 18 -20 February 1998 1. MECHANICS OF THE PILLAR-COAL SYSTEM The strength of a pillar is basically determined by the magnitude of vertical stress which can be sustained within the strata/coal sequence forming and bounding it. The vertical stress developed through this sequence can be limited by failure of one or more of the units which make up the pillar system. This failure may occur in the coal, roof or floor strata forming the system, but usually involves the coal in some manner. The failure modes include shear fracture of intact material, lateral shear along bedding or tectonic structures, and bucklin!~ of cleat bounded ribsides. In pillar systems having strong roof and floor, the pillar coal is the limiting factor. In coal seams surrounded by weak beds, a complex interaction of strata and coal failure will occur and this will determine the pillar strength. The strength achievable in various elements is largely dependent on the confining: stresses developed as illustrated in Fig. I. This indicates that, as confinement is developed in a pillar, the axial strengtll of the material will increase significantly, thereby increasing the actual strength of the pillar well above its unconfined vallL1e. The strength of the coal is enhanced as confining stress increases towal'd the pillar centre. This increased strength is often related to the width/height ratio, whereby the larger this ratio the greater the confinement generated within the pillar. Hence squat pillars (high W /H) have greater strength potential than slender ones (of low W /H). Axial Strength INTACT


Wood is mainly composed of oriented crystalline cellulose (~50%). This component has an elastic linear behavior with a Young's modulus around 130GPa [1], which gives wood its high stiffness. As a cristal, its Young's modulus is supposed to be time independent. The viscoelastic behavior of wood is then assumed to come from the matrix behavior and/or cinematic conditions at the interface between microfibrils and matrix, or between fibers, ... Studying the cinematic of crystals of cellulose in wood during a mechanical loading, and comparing it with wood cinematic at higher scale can produce valuable information to understand better the source wood macroscopic behavior. This methodology has already been used to understand the source of elastic behavior of wood using FTIR [2] or X-Ray diffraction [3], but not until now for the investigation of the viscous behavior of wood. The methodology of this study is to determine the cellulose crystals longitudinal strain (in average) using X-Ray diffraction technique from compression side to tension side during a four point bending creep test, and to compare with the longitudinal macroscopic strain on the same specimen. For this study, the tested specimens have been submitted to a constant load over time (~20h) in flexion, both in dry and wet conditions. For the dry specimens, the results show that there is a roughly linear relationship between macroscopic strain and the cellulose crystal strain during creep, with a ratio close to 1 between those two strains. This suggests that all of the creep macroscopic strain is visible in the cellulose crystals, so all of the compartments responsible of viscous behavior in wood are parallel to cellulose. For the Wet specimens, this same ratio is clearly higher than 1, which implies that cellulose strains more during creep than wood itself. This finding allows to propose rheological models of the wood viscoelastic behavior.


These guidelines were prepared by Ned Letcher for the development of a corpus of linguistic phenomena to be used for the purpose of investigating techniques for the automatic detection of linguistic phenomena in precision grammars. This project is based at The University of Melbourne and University Washington. For more information please contact Ned Letcher at firstname.lastname@example.com.


Four anopheline and nine culicine mosquito species have been reported from Murree Hills. Culex raptor has been recorded for the first time from Pakistan. All other species, Anopheles stephensi, An. maculatus, An. theobaldi, An. fluviatilis, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Culex fatigans, Cx. vagans, Cx. nilgiricus, Cx. fuscitarsis, Cx. raptor, Culiseta longiareolata and Armigeres obturbans are recorded from new localities like Baroha, Terrat, Ghora Gali, Pindi Point, Kashmir Point and Jhika Gali during 2012-2013. A tentative key for all recorded species has been given. All species have been illustrated with identification characters along with their distribution range in Murree Hills. Main objective of this study was to explore the mosquito fauna of Murree Hills and to determine the distribution of various species during various months of the year.


A new process of paired electrolysis to produce mannitol and sorbitol from glucose at the cathode and gluconate from glucose at the anode simultaneously was studied.Conversion of glucose at the cathode was 74.6%.Yiel d of sodium gluconate at the anode was 90.3%.The total yield of a cell was 164 .9%.This process has many advantages that the consumption of electric energy i s reduced, the process is easly to operate and the mother liquid can be recycled.The whole process has no pollutoin.


Herein, we propose a method for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cultural heritage based on deep learning, which we apply to the reliefs of the Buddhist temple heritage of Borobudur Temple, in Indonesia. Some parts of the Borobudur reliefs have been hidden by stone walls and are not visible following the reinforcements during the Dutch rule. Today, only gray-scale photos of those hidden parts are displayed in the Borobudur Museum. First, we reconstruct 3D point clouds of the hidden reliefs from these photos and predict the pixel-wise depth information for each of them using a deep neural network model. We then apply our stochastic point-based rendering mechanism to produce a high-quality visualization of the reconstructed point clouds. We have achieved promising visualization results that provide us with an intuitive understanding of the valuable relief heritage that is no longer visible to ordinary visitors. CCS Concepts •Applied computing → Digital libraries and archives; •Computing methodologies → Neural networks; •Human-centered computing → Visualization;


The development of rural community education obviously lags behind urban community education,which becomes a bottleneck of restricting the improvement of farmers' quality and rural society.Rural community education should take integration,union,combination and so forth as methods to do more on the word of " unify" so as to break a path of its development.It should also take advantage of its superiority in locally regional economy and culture,and do more on the word of " special" in order to create its own bright spots of development,as well as following the latest trends to do more on the phrase of " keep pace with" in order to create an entirely new path for rural community education development.


By means of cluster analysis,principal component analysis and correlation analysis,we studied the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(e.g.Agricultural cultivation) and environmental pattern on plant diversity in Dongling Mountain with 10 transects,94 plots and 15 environmental factors in this paper.The investigation results showed:(1)Plant communities were simply classified to 4 land types(farmland,wild land,shrub and forest) by cluster analysis;(2)PCA and correlation analyses showed:2 principal components(topography and edaphic factor) affected community structure,species composition and changes of diversity;especially the altitude pattern had a crucial impact and was correlated with other major environmental factors;(3)Diversity analysis showed:Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index all reflected changes of α plant diversity.And Simpson index did not fluctuate clearly.α plant diversity of 4 land types changed:forestfarmlandwild landshrub.Herb layer had an important effect on changes of plant diversity.


'NOWHERE ELSE IN ALL CENTRAL ASIA are ruins so abundant or so vast', wrote the American archaeologist R. Pumpelly in the early years of this century when describing the historic urban centre of the Merv oasis. This series of adjacent walled city-sites occupies more than a thousand hectares and, in Pumpelly's time, 'In preservation . . . reach from Bairam Ali's state of brick-robbed walls and still-standing battlements, with gates and inner streets that may yet be ridden through (Figure 23) to the round-worn mounds of far more ancient cities' (Figures 3 and 4; 1908: 333). The earliest of the city-sites was founded in the sixth century BC, and the largest became the capital of the empire of the Great Seljuks, an empire which stretched from Central Asia to the Mediterranean. The much smaller post-medieval foundation demonstrated Merv's relative decline by the fifteenth century. The reason for Merv's long and distinguished history can be accounted for by its strategic position in a large and fertile oasis in the Kara Kum desert in present-day Turkmenistan (Figures 1 and 2). Today the oasis supports a population in excess of a million. Before modern transport it was the last major centre before caravans embarked on the long stage 'across the sorriest waste that ever met the human eye' to Amul (modern Chardzjou or 'Four Canals'), some 180 km distant. Proceedings of the British Academy, 94, 1–43


During first Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo government (1934-1838), there was a major educational reform by the State tended towards meeting social goals of culture and towards strengthening intellectual, moral and physical skills of the teachers and professors. This reform means for the University of Cauca an institutional expansion that included the creation of its museums and presence of visiting professors.


The Submillimeter Array (SMA) has been operating for more than 15 years. During this time, field maintenance gradually degraded the alignment of optical assemblies that were originally laboratory-aligned, leading to significant pointing offsets. To recover alignment, it was necessary to check the optics cage alignment in all the antennas. This work describes an alignment optical insert which has been built and used to check the azimuth and elevation offsets of the combiner mirror and grid with the optical autocollimation method.


Despite the fact that the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was originally developed to estimate erosion rates for agricultural lands, both the USLE and its successors (RUSLE Versions 1.06, 2.0) are increasingly applied to non-agricultural land disturbances. For these non-agricultural applications there is little consensus in the erosion-science community concerning which covermanagement factor (C-factor) values should be used to account for the effects of various slope-protection materials. The purpose of this study is to derive appropriate RUSLE C-factor values from the rainfall-simulation study data collected at the Texas Department of Transportation – Texas Transportation Institute, Hydraulics and Erosion Control Laboratory (TTI) and the San Diego State University, Soil Erosion Research Laboratory (SERL), and to evaluate the utility of such values. RUSLE C-factor values were calculated for over 50 erosion-control products, straw mulch, and several vegetation types for various research conditions. The C-factor values were then compared with the few values provided by the manufacturers of erosion-control products. The C-factor values for straw mulch and the several vegetation types were compared with analogous USLE C-factor values found in Agricultural Handbook 537 (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978) and values calculated using RUSLE2. One-way ANOVA tests and a Tukey test identified a significant difference between the C-factors calculated with the SERL methods and the USLE C-Factors and a second significant difference between the SERL method C-factors and values provided by product manufacturers. To test the spatial and temporal variability of C-factors, monthly values were calculated using RUSLE2 for 49 U.S. cities. A two-factor, without replication, ANOVA test was used to determine that the temporal and spatial variability of C-factor values is statistically significant. As a result of the lack of available C-factors for specific products, the SERL method at best provides a "quick and dirty" C-factor estimation. These values provide a soil-loss ratio useful for comparing the surface protection of similar erosion control products. The results of this study should assist USLE and RUSLE users by increasing awareness of the high variability of available C-factor values and highlight the need for product-specific C-factor values in RUSLE2. Additional


HNMRspectra at360.13 MHzwereobtained ofthe rat brain invivo byusing asurface coil placed over theskull. Resonances ofnumerous metabolites wereidentified bycompar- ison with the1HNMRspectra ofexcised ratbrain tissue andacid extracts ofthetissue. Changes incerebral lactate levels resulting from theadministration ofgasmixtures lowinoxygen weremon- itored intheinvivo brain spectra with atimeresolution of2.3 min. Theelectroencephalogram andelectrocardiogram werere- corded simultaneously during theNMRexperiment. Reversibility ofthehypoxic response wasdocumented when, uponoxygen administration, cerebral lactate returned toits prehypoxic level. These experiments demonstrate theapplicability ofhigh-resolu- tion 1HNMRtomonitor pathophysiology ofbrain metabolism in real time.


4, 7, 10) had a reduction of at least ten percent in DBP after 15 minutes. In the subset group, an additional patient had a positive test at the end of 30 minutes. The mean time for dissolution was 2.9 minutes (range 1-6). No adverse effects were reported by the patients or the physician. Tschollar and Belz2 and Karachalios and Georgiopoulos have reported their results with sublingual captopril. There was a plateau in the reduction of DBP at the end of 10-15 minutes, 2 and a reduction in mean DBP at the end of20 minutes. 3 We observed similar results; that is, a reduction of DBP at the end of 15 minutes, in patients with a positive ACEI test. A positive ACEI test was demonstrated in three of our ten patients. Patients 4 and 7 (both of whom are elderly and black) demonstrated a positive ACEI test. These patients were receiving diuretics at the time of the test. Creisson et al. demonstrated a better response to ACEis when used in combination with a diuretic. 4 In patients 4 and 7 the positive ACEI test may suggest the need for combination therapy. On the other hand, patient 10, who is young, white, and not on a diuretic at the time of the test, demonstrated a positive response to the ACEI test, as expected. She may be classified as having a normal-tohigh renin concentration and benefit from maintenance anti-renin therapy. Patient 2, who had a delayed positive ACEI test, reported a relative delayed time for tablet dissolution (four minutes). This delayed dissolution, which is seen in few patients, may cause a delay in absorption and thereby a delayed effect. In patients who report delayed absorption time, monitoring the BP for 30 minutes is recommended. Sublingual captopril may prove to be an effective alternative to oral captopril when ACEI testing is desired. However, a prospective, controlled study of sublingual captopril as a useful diagnostic agent in the primary care office is needed. AIXA M. REY, Pharm.D. Clinical Fellow, Family Medicine JOHN G. GUMS, Pharm.D. Associate Professor. Pharmacy and Medicine Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32601


ABSTRACT Cameroon's parliament is constitutionally mandated to perform multiple functions, including the power to make laws. Like most legislatures, parliament is also empowered to perform familiar representative functions during the unfamiliar abnormal context of a crisis. However, parliament's competence in the legislative domain is severely restricted by the President, who is neither accountable to the Prime Minister nor the legislature. The executive further dominates the legislative agenda by controlling the admissibility criteria of bills in parliament, which gives pride of place to that introduced by the President. Following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the government, in line with WHO recommendations, developed a response plan and also rolled out a solidarity fund of One billion francs CFA. Following persistent allegations of mismanagement of Covid-19 funds, and the leaking of an audit report that alleged massive embezzlement of public funds, Cameroon's parliament summoned the Minister of Finance to account for the financial misappropriations. However, 24 hours to the session dedicated for this exercise, the item disappeared from the agenda. This paper utilises primary and secondary data, legal and judicial texts, among others, to document how Cameroon's parliament has responded to the multiple crises that have impacted the country over the past decades.


The genetic variation of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) was characterized by SSR markers developed from apple and pear, using 94 loquat accessions in Japan. Fourteen of the 24 SSR markers derived from apple could successfully produce amplified bands in loquat, whereas 10 of the 24 SSR markers derived from pear could generate amplified bands. Nine SSR markers were chosen for evaluation of the genetic diversity among 94 loquat accessions, including 61 cultivars from Japan and other countries and 33 natively grown accessions collected around Japan. A phenogram constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on similarities between genotypes revealed two major groups. One group consisted mainly of cultivars from Japan and other countries, whereas the other group included only natively grown accessions. Some synonyms or mutants were found showing identical SSR genotypes. These results show that SSR markers can be utilized as reliable tools for genetic identification in loquat. The origins of current loquat cultivars in Japan are also discussed.


Gunther Schnabl of Leipzig University reviews "Gaining Currency: The Rise of the Renminbi," by Eswar S. Prasad. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: "Examines China's promotion of the renminbi (RMB) as a major currency in international financial markets and considers that its full potential can be realized if the Chinese government can undertake a broad range of reforms."


This paper explains the application of robots in the automated vehicle windshield gluing system.It introduces in detail the design and functions of the major components of a robotic working cell,such as the automated conveyer,preorientation device,transport bracket,automated overturn platform,automated precision orientation device,and glue gun nozzle cleaning and protecting device.The paper also presents original ideas concerning the polyurethane glue supply system,polyurethane glue measuring device and glue gun in the glue supply system.Meanwhile,to meet the actual manufacturing needs,it offers a new design of automated windshield orientation and identification device which can position and identify different types of windshields automatically.The new design has greatly improved the flexibility of the manufacturing.Based on the experience of designing,the working cycle of the system has been provided.


The levels of 2', 5' oligo (A) synthetase increase 15-fold when T47D cells are treated with human interferon or with interferon inducers. The results also show that interferon-treated T47D cells contain high levels of 2', 5' oligo (A) synthetase which upon incubation with ATP produces adenine oligonucleotides which are predominantly trimers. In contrast, MCF-7 and BT20 cells whether treated with interferon or not exhibit low 2', 5' oligo (A) synthetase activity.


In this paper, two different modulation schemes are developed in multiple access relay cooperation with network coding. Performance analysis and simulation results show that there is one point where the two modulation schemes have the same system outage probability. This finding can be utilized to propose an adaptive modulation scheme.


The Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells (QDSSCs) using Pt as its counter electrode and polysulfide redox shuttle have problems on the low QD's regeneration speed and high over potential. Sulfur compounds induce a poisoning effect because it was chemisorbed onto the Pt surface. It leads to poor charge transfer rate (Sn+e→nS) at the counter electrode and high over potential for the reduction reaction. The Cu2S was proposed as an ideal counter electrode materials for higher performance QDSSCs due to their higher electrical catalytic activity and stability. In this study, Cu2S nanocrystals (NCs) are proposed as counter electrode. At the result of, the efficiency of QDSSCs using Cu2S NCs as counter electrode is 0.2% higher than that of using the Pt counter electrode. In addition, The rate of reduction of the Cu2S NCs capped with organic ligands replaced with Na2S (Inorganic) ligands lead to significantly increase. It is demonstrated that the rate of reduction process with Na2S_capped Cu2S NCs counter electrode was more 3 times higher than that of organic_ capped Cu2S NCs counter electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) also confirmed much less resistance by using Na2S capped counter electrode. Finally, we also studied on the effects of nanomaterials and surface modification on the operation of QDSSCs using photoanode materials like CdSe which synthesized by SILAR and hot-temperature injection method.