Originated from cognitive psychology,the schema theory has been extensively used in English listening teaching.Schemata are assumed to be a set of propositions and images which reflect an individual's experience.Observed from this perspective,listening comprehension is virtually an interaction between the pre-existent knowledge and the newly input messages.This paper probes the insight into the procedure of information processing,which is the interaction of top-down processing and bottom-up processing,and explains in detail the role of schema in English listening comprehension: understanding,choosing and anticipating.At the end of his paper it discusses the application of schema theory in listening teaching,emphasizes that the effective stimulation of schema can speed up the process of comprehension.It further suggests that the accumulation of schema can remarkably enhance the efficiency of listening comprehension.


Drawing on evidence from the city of Brussels, it will be argued that much of today's urban governance discourses and practices contributes to anti-urban 'cliches of urban doom' and betrays middle-class, ethnocentric, sexist and racist prejudices about urban societies. Mainstream conceptions of urban problems and policies are modernist, white, patriarchal, heterosexual, nuclear family-minded, middle-class and suburban. Mainstream urban planning metaphors contribute to, instead of help to eliminate, sexist and racist urban politics. The uncritical use of concepts such as 'polarization', 'exclusion' or 'poverty' accords with the quest for urban purification by dominant groups in society, who seek to minimalize the urban experience of heterogeneity, otherness, diversity and urban unpredictability. The main contribution of this paper will be in trying to make clear how some key metaphors in contemporary urban planning disempower the already disempowered and in fact contribute to conservative urban politics, even when they are not intended to. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2001.


Two new sodium aluminum borates, Na 3 AlB 8 O 15 and Na 3 Al 2 B 7 O 15 , have been successfully synthesized by the high-temperature solution method. They crystallize in the different space groups, P 2 1 / c and P 2/ c , respectively. The B-O configurations of β-Na 2 B 6 O 10 , Na 3 AlB 8 O 15 and Na 3 Al 2 B 7 O 15 are compared to feature complicated different dimensional open-framework structures caused by the substitution of [BO 4 ] by [AlO 4 ] covalent tetrahedra. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that Na 3 AlB 8 O 15 and Na 3 Al 2 B 7 O 15 have short ultraviolet (UV) cutoff edges (<187 nm). The first-principles calculations show that Na 3 AlB 8 O 15 and Na 3 Al 2 B 7 O 15 have moderate birefringence (0.075 and 0.041 @1064 nm, respectively).


Abstract In this study, the effective elastic modulus (Ec) of a cellulose nanocrystal fiber reinforced polymer composite was evaluated using the Mori-Tanaka and finite element (FE) model. The FE model was generated using a representative volume element with a periodic boundary condition. The mass fractions of the fiber in the composites (MFf) were set to 1, 2, and 3 wt.%. Elastic modulus values for interphase were input and were either uniform or exhibited a gradient. The E c for the uniform interphase region increased significantly with MFf, but was relatively low for interphase regions exhibiting a gradient. The results show that interphase parameters must be considered carefully when predicting Ec using the FE model.


Recently, edge computing has emerged as a promising paradigm to support mobile access in IoT multinetworks. However, coexistence of heterogeneous wireless communication schemes brings about new challenges to the mobility management and access control in such networks. To maintain its computing continuum, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture can be applied to the distributed edge networks, which provides consistent frameworks for mobility management and creates secure mechanisms for access control. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art SDN technology and its applications in edge computing. In particular, we highlight the prominent issues related to mobility management and access control for SDN in the edge computing environment. We also introduce a number of effective solutions to these issues by presenting real-world testbed experiments, prototypes and numerical analysis of adopting SDN based edge computing paradigms for IoT multinetworks.


6 Routing Strikes Back 6.1 Butterfly Let's first assume that all the sources are on level 0, all destinations are on level d of a d-dimensional butterfly. Algorithm 6.1 (Greedy Butterfly Routing) The unique path from a source on level 0 to a destination on leveld with d hops is the greedy path. In the greedy butterfly routing algor ithm each packet is constrained to follow its greedy path. Remark: • In the bit-reversal permutation routing problem, the desti nation of a packet is the bit-reversed address of the source. With d = 3 you can see that both source (000, 0) and source(001, 0) route through edge(000, 1..2). Will the contention grow with higher dimension? Yes! Choose an odd d, then all the sources (0 . . . 0b(d+1)/2 . . . bd−1, 0) will route through edge(00..0, (d−1)/2...(d+ 1)/2). You can choose the bits bi arbitrarily. There are2 bit combinations, which is √


Based on the remote sensing images and GIS, this study focuses on understanding the spatial changes of Minqin Oasis over the last 2000 years, combining with the historical documents and maps, archaeological investigation, and field work. Having the interpreting keys and DEM been setup, the RS image was used to identify the distributing range and the archaeological survey data was used to determine the time of ancient oasis. The result shows that: Since this region was conquered by Han Dynasty in BC 210, the natural oasis was quickly changed into farmland. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties (AD 220-420), the reclaimed area reached to the first climax. Farmland deceased during the next 800 years from the South-North Dynasty (AD 420-581) to the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1271-1368) when nomadic people invaded. The second intensified development began in Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644) when the central government encouraged farmers in east China migrating to this oasis. This was followed by another more intensive development period in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1644-1911) and the irrigated area reached the largest of the whole the history which established the frame of modern Minqin Oasis. The irrigated oases developed in different dynasties located in different locations, with the trend to increase in scale. An intensive development period was always followed by a strong desertification thereafter.


Purpose: The patronage of street food is familiar in many countries where unemployment level is high, salaries are low, work opportunities and social programmes are limited and where urbanization is taking place. The general objective of the study was to establish role of cooked food vending in urban areas. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concludes that income levels influenced the frequency of consumption of cooked food. An income allowed vendees the opportunity to purchase food from the street conveniently since the food was cheap. Foods offered were those that took longer to cook (therefore needed much fuel) and those which were involving in preparation for example chapatti and mandazi (buns). Vendees of cooked foods were mainly single men (71.9 %) who were more comfortable buying cooked foods from the streets as they found ready-to-eat food not only cheap but also convenient. Additionally they viewed cooking as a women's domain, thus preferred cooked food in street, as it was ready to eat. Recommendations: There is need for government to be supportive to this sector by providing the vendors with appropriate facilities where they can carry out their business, including well-designed shelters and ample supply of potable water. This should be done in consultation with the vendors in order to develop user-friendly sites. The cooked food vendors should be empowered. This can be done by offering the vendors affordable loans to expand their business and training them on issues pertaining to their business like bookkeeping and management of accounts as well as how to save and re-invest profits made.


This paper explores various readings of "Biko" by Peter Gabriel in an attempt to understand the extraordinary political impact of the song. The song did more than simply act as a vehicle for reflecting Gabriel's thoughts and feelings: it brought about awareness and also challenged and ultimately changed people's lives. It is argued that "Biko" by Peter Gabriel is not simply a political rally song with an ability to facilitate "collective identity formation" (Eyerman and Jamison) but a protest song able to intersect with the political consciences of audience members.


Present net worth, benefit/cost, and internal rate of return are considered for ranking investments. In some cases, rankings can be contradictory, and the investment criterion can influence inter‐project allocations. There are situations, however, when ranking equivalence is assured. In this article, conditions for equivalence in ranking investments are presented using simple graphics and algebra. The conditions are restrictive, and can be effective in demonstrating the need for discretion in selecting an economic criterion for evaluating investments.


objectives To compare sociodemographic profiles, child care, child feeding practices and growth indices of children born to HIV‐1 seropositive and seronegative mothers.


We show how the resolution of an experimental spectrum influences the standard statistical tests of random matrix theory such as the nearest neighbor distribution, the Fourier transform, or the number variance. A new experiment on very highly excited vibrational states of CS2 is analyzed in light of these new results. The resolution problem in the published results concerning the molecular vibrational chaos is then examined.


Lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broad leaved forests are of high conservation significance in Sooth China. Because of human activities, the forest has been largely destroyed; the remaining fragments are now mainly in several protected reserves. To further protect this forest outside the reserves and to study human influences on it, we analyzed the spatial pattern of Cryptocarya chinensis, a dominant tree in the forest near Changlong village, Guangzhou, China. Compared with low human disturbance forests, in which C. chinensis was clumped, we found that trees were randomly distributed, especially the young life stages. Human activities in this forest have also led to the decline of the C. chinensis seedling bank, suggesting that the population is regenerating badly.


The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a bamboo Jelly flavor to conventional Schisandra herbal health functions, Ilex, dogwood, puerarin, Polygonatum, light bamboo shoots shoots stump and the like, the cooking container, transferred flavor white sugar, potato starch thickener, K- carrageenan, and then made into sterilized filling. Finished shoots flavor jelly pale yellow, slightly sweet taste, with natural bamboo fragrance, smooth taste, nutrition, health, and with promoting blood circulation fluid, lungs and spleen health care. People's daily feeding, especially for convenience foods eaten in the elderly population.


The theory of virtue in contemporary revival contains two shapes,one is historicism represented by MacIntyre and another is empiricism started by Anscombe.The central term of them is character,the former sees it as the representative of specific history,society and culture,and the later as the disposition of individual psychology.


This study used archival sources to examine the factors that encouraged for-profit business education to shift during the 1970s from small, certificate programs for bookkeepers and secretaries to large, multisite universities for mid-level managers. Using data from the Occupational Outlook Handbook, as well as trend data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, I show that demand for the MBA began increasing dramatically during the 1970s. This increase alone, however, does not explain why new, low-status for-profit institutions managed to survive in the mature and highly competitive field of business education. I also show that demand for this degree increased among (a) women of child rearing age and (b) mid-career working adults—two populations traditionally underserved by the nonprofit university. For-profit schools were able to grow quite large by directing their marketing at these populations and offering an MBA that promised to be accessible, convenient, and practically oriented. While others have pointed to changes in political support for for-profit universities—especially more access to aid for students—to explain their growth, here I show that students had strong motivators for using federal funding at for-profits in the first place.


In this article, properties of solitons in a parity-time periodical lattices with a single-sited defect are investigated. Both of the negative and positive defects are considered. Linear stability analyses show that, when the defect is positive, in the semi-infinite gap, the solitons are always stable, while in the first gap, the solitons are unstable in most of their existence region except for those near the edge of the second band; when the defect is negative, in the semi-infinite gap, other than those near the edge of the first band, most solitons are stable, but in the first gap, all solitons are unstable. Such stability analyses are corroborated by numerical simulations. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry, " Phys. Rev. Band-gap guidance in optically induced photonic lattices with a negative defect, " Phys. Trapping of discrete solitons by defects in nonlinear waveguide arrays, " Opt. Observation of linear and nonlinear strongly localized modes at phase-slip defects in one-dimensional photonic lattices, " Opt. Observation of localized modes at phase slips in two-dimensional photonic lattices, " Opt. Properties of defect modes in one-dimensional optically induced photonic lattices, " Stud. Observation of lower to higher bandgap transition of one-dimensional defect modes, " Opt. Two-dimensional defect modes in optically induced photonic lattices, " Phys. Observation of two-dimensional defect surface solitons, " Opt. Surface defect linear modes in one-dimensional photonic lattices, " Phys. Defect modes in defective parity-time symmetric periodic complex potentials, " Opt. Universally convergent squared-operator iteration methods for solitary waves in general nonlinear wave equations, " Stud.


Standard growth curves for bream, roach, chub and dace were constructed using published data for the British Isles. Comparison of length for age of fish from any habitat with these standard curves enables a growth index to be calculated where slow, normal and fast growth give indices less than, equal to and greater than 100, respectively.


In a recent article, Faroughi and Huber [J. Appl. Phys. 117, 055104 (2015)] propose two theoretical models to compute the effective thermal conductivity of metal and dielectric spherical particle reinforced composites with interfacial thermal resistance. The models are based on the differential effective medium (DEM) theory. The authors have failed to cite and discuss the paper of Pal [Mater. Sci. Eng., A 498, 135–141 (2008)] where similar models have been derived using the same approach (DEM theory). Furthermore, the models proposed by Faroughi and Huber are seriously flawed in that the "excluded volume effect" is taken into account two times, instead of once, in their derivations. Last but not least, there are typos in their models.


ON THE QUADRATURE OF THE CIRCLE is one of several written by Nicolaus ofCusa (1401 -64) on this subject during the 1450's. The first reference in his writings to this topic appears in ON LEARNED IGNORANCE (1440), where he writes that "a noncircle cannot measure a circle, whose being is something indivisible. " In many of his writings, including "On LaRouche's Discovery" in this issue of Fidelio, Lyndon LaRouche has identified the importance of the method employed and the conclusion attained by Cusanus in this wor� as the unique basis for the development of modern science. We publish this translation as an historical source document, the mastery of which is vital to a full appreciation of Lyndon LaRouche's own scientific method. The tramlation, which appears below, is not of the original Latin text, but rather of a German translation which appears in DIE MATHEMATISCHEN SCHRIFTEN VON NIKOLAUS VON KUES, published by the Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg.


Abstract: This research was conducted to determine the effect of Sharia management culture which consists of prioritizing morals, prioritizing learning, prioritizing service, prioritizing the partnership and internalization of religion in the life of a leader and rewarding the performance of Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) employees in Lombok. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study were employees of the credit department. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with consideration of questionnaires that were returned and completely filled out by respondents. The total collected and complete to be processed in this study is 144 questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is SPSS version 23 by using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results showed that the culture of Sharia management and reward systems had a positive effect on employee performance. Keywords: Sharia Management Culture, Reward System, Employee Performance


The matrix technology for identification of organisational competencies in project management is presented in the article. Matrix elements are the components of organizational competence in the field of project management and project management methodology represented in the structure of the genome. The matrix model of competence in the framework of the adopted methodologies and scanning method for identifying organizational competences formalised. Proposed methods for building effective project management methodologies development organizations assess the competence of organizations in the field of project management, the formation of rational strategies for the development of project management methodologies based on genomic model. Developed a matrix model and scanning technology competency - based organizations methodologies used to ensure the dynamic development organizations through application of the competency approach. The proposed model is a further development of systems for evaluating competence of project managers, project teams and organizations, developed by the International Project Management Association IPMA.


Abstract : Today, the Department of Defense (DOD) is faced with many changes that will directly affect acquisition of new systems for years to come. Since the demise of the Soviet Union, the United States is no longer required to field new systems every six to eight years in order to counter Soviet modernization. This major change in world order has generated a new DOD acquisition philosophy which in turn prompted many changes in the DOD acquisition system. This article focuses on recent changes to the acquisition system and the combat effectiveness analysis required to identify and acquire future Army material needs. First, the effect of the new world order on the acquisition system includes changes in the threat, future defense budgets, the industrial base, and science and technology thrusts. Second, these underlying drivers of future defense needs have generated changes to the Acquisition Process as defined in the DOD Directive 5000 series. They have also changed the perspectives of key DOD and Army acquisition decision makers. Finally, all of these changes will require different combat effectiveness analysis than we have done in the past.


Abstract The basic features of the photorefractive effect in oxide materials are outlined and the required knowledge on defects in such compounds is defined. The central question is: Between what charge states of what defects does an inhomogeneous light pattern redistribute charges in a photorefractive crystal? The joint investigation of light-induced EPR and optical absorption changes is introduced as a very useful method to answer this question, also for EPR-silent defect valencies and also at room temperature. Examples for the application of the method are given and its scope is discussed.


The U.N. has made 3 different projections of the worlds population growth based on a range of assumptions about social and economic developments. The high projection calls for a world population of about 7 million by the year 2000. A medium projection would indicate about 6 million and a low projection close to 5.4 million. To make these projections demographic factors like the age structure of the population had to be taken into account. For instance in projecting an age structure for the U.S. in the year 2035 the number of young people under 19 years of age would be less than in 1965 but the number in all older age groups would be greater by varying proportions. This projected U.S. age structure is based on 2 assumptions: 1) that death rates remain at 1965 levels and 2) that starting immediately family size would stabilize at 2.0.


In the past, experimental research into the histomorphological examination of burned human bone has led to the creation of a criterion for assessing burning intensity, which can be used to infer firing conditions in both archaeological and forensic contexts. Current methods visually compare the microscopic alterations in burned bone with modern bone samples fired at known temperatures and durations. Despite the benefits of this approach, it is hindered by the use of qualitative analysis, which is subject to the expertise of the examiner. This paper reviews previous histomorphological studies of burned bone and presents a new protocol for producing burned bone thin-sections. It also introduces quantitative petrography as an alternative, statistical method for categorising burning intensity. Four categories of burning intensity were calculated based on the quantified heat-induced changes identified in a pilot study examining burned porcine bone. These categories were consistent with those produced using more traditional qualitative methods, demonstrating that the results produced in this pilot study are reliable. An inter-observer study showed the repeatability of this new method by both anthropologists and non-anthropologists.


The invention relates to a multi-load validity judgment method of a wireless power supply system. The multi-load validity judgment method mainly includes the step of enabling an energy transmitting terminal to periodically broadcast system information, receive a response message of the energy transmitting terminal in real time, and verify a matching check code. If the matching check code is successfully verified, a load is judged to be an illegal load, the system gives an alarm, and the transmitted power is reduced to the halt power. If the matching check code is not successfully verified, the load is recorded as a legal load, the pick-up power is recorded, and the loss power is obtained by comparing a sum of the pick-up powers of the legal loads in a receiving period with the transmitted power. In the judgment time quantum, if the time number of the loss power is larger than that of a power threshold cannot reach a time number threshold value, the operation is repeated; otherwise, it is judged that illegal energy transmitting ends or illegal loads of the illegal energy transmitting ends exist, the system gives the alarm, and the transmitted power is reduced to the halt power. According to the multi-load validity judgment method, the occurrence that the identity authentication of the illegal loads is obtained depending on legal loads or disposable counterfeiting of authentication information of the illegal loads can be prevented, the electric energy can be picked up at the energy transmitting terminal, energy waste and potential safety hazards can be avoided, and the safety and the reliability of the system are improved.


Using a yeast two-hybrid screening technique and the p50 subunit of human DNApolymerase delta (pol δ) as a bait, p21 was found to interact with the p50 subunit of pol δ.A direct interaction between p21 and p50 was confirmed by using ELISA and pull-downassays with purified proteins. The interaction sites between p50 and p21 were mapped bypull down assays with GST deletion mutants. Residues 127-193 constitute the primaryinteraction region on p50 to which p21 binds, while p50 binds to the C-terminal 26residues of p21. A histone kinase activity was associated with highly purified calf thymuspol δ and addition of purified recombinant p21 inhibited the kinase activity in a dosedependent manner. p50 is phosphorylated in vivo and can be phosphorylated byCDK2/cyclinA in vitro. In vivo evidence of p21 association with p50 was obtained by coimmunoprecipitationusing MCF7 cells. It was also shown that the association of p21with p50 and other components of the pol δ complex increased in MCF7 cells treatedwith adriamycin. Our results suggested that p50 might target or anchor p21 to pol ?complex upon certain DNA damage such as adriamycin treatment.


The heat exchanger (110) between first and second fluids comprises at least one tube (120) for allowing the circulation of the first fluid and a sealed envelope surrounding the tube (120) and delimiting a space for allowing the circulation the second fluid. The casing comprises at least two walls (112, 114) having positioning means (115) of the tube (120)


Everybody hopes to gain a new technology applied on electronic commerce to satisfied the present conditions that the informationon the Internet grows so rapidly and the products supplies alert so quickly.Mobile Agents is a new technology,which applied on e-com can provide character services to consumers and companies,such as intelligent resouces exploring and bargaining in the virtual market on the Internet.This paper proposes a model of electronic commerce based on the technology of Mobile Agents and discusses the relational technology which the model depends on.


The purposes of this research were to 1. To explore the levels of satisfaction of motivation for working, 2. To delve into the differentiation of the fundamental factors with the levels of satisfaction of motivation for working, and 3. To study the factors which impact on the levels of satisfaction of motivation for working. The methodology employed in this research is a random sampling on the audit assistants in large audit firms by Krejcie and Morgan's method, 347 questionnaires were collected. The research's findings reveal that 1. Audit assistants's highest level of satisfaction of motivation for working is co-worker, followed by recognition and job security respectively. 2. The fundamental factors are different and have the difference in levels of satisfaction of motivation for working at the level of statistical significance 0.05 in which the group of gender, position, work experience, salary, and the status of Certified Public Accountant. 3. The factors which impact on the level of satisfaction of motivation for working of audit assistants are leader, work environment, recognition, nature of work, and benefits respectively. The predictive variables are able to predict on the effectiveness approximately of 61.7 percent (R = 0.617).


The Strzelecki Ranges in South Gippsland, Victoria, are not on most bushwalkers' 'bucket list' of must-do experiences, but that is about to change. The heavily forested Eastern Strzelecki's contain two little known gems in the crown of Victoria's National Parks system; Tarra-Bulga National Park on top of the range which boasts some of the best Cool Temperate Rainforest in Australia and Morwell National Park, a haven for the genetically unique South Gippsland Koalas. Many short walks within these parks have long been enjoyed but there are many more environmental and scenic treasures to be discovered through a region where most of the forests are privately managed and, until now, have not been accessible to trekkers.


In the expectation that information on the high momentum components of the deuteron wave function can be obtained from the scattering of hadrons of modest energy, the 180/sup 0/ excitation function is reported which was measured in nd elastic scattering for incident energies of 200 to 800 MeV. Differential cross sections are plotted. However, only a small fraction of the data are analyzed thus far. 17 references. (JFP)


Use of information and insights from probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) in nuclear reactor safety applications has been increasing by the nuclear industry and the regulators, both domestically and internationally. This is a desirable trend, as PRAs have demonstrated capability to improve safety and operational flexibility beyond that provided through deterministic approaches alone. But there can be potential pitfalls. The limitations of risk assessment technology can be lost through approaches that rely heavily on quantitative PRA results (referred to as risk measures in this paper), because of the unambiguous but potentially misleading message that can be delivered by risk-based numbers. This is particularly true for future reactors, where PRAs are used during the design and licensing processes. For these applications, it is important to ensure that the actual, de facto, or even perceived use of risk measures in the context of either regulatory or design acceptance criteria is avoided. While the issues discussed here can have a significant influence on design certification or combined license applications for future reactors, they can also have secondary impacts on currently operating reactors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.


Background: The literature does not offer any review of the pathogenesis of the clinical features of syndromes with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). The senior author (MMA) proposed a hypothesis that SOX9 and its interactions may play a key role in this pathogenesis. The current review aims to test this hypothesis. Methods: Three literature searches were made: the first aimed to document the main syndromes associated with PRS; and the second was to document the main functions of SOX9 in development; and the third was to investigate if SOX9 and its interactions may play a role in the pathogenesis. Results: SOX9 is the main positive regulator in the development of the mandibular cartilage and it also enhances collagen type II (the main collagen type in cartilage) expression in the mandibular cartilage. Furthermore, SOX9 participates in neural crest development, binds to the exon junction complex, and participates in sex determination. The interactions of SOX9 could explain the pathogenesis of the clinical features of syndromic PRS. These included interactions with collagen type II (in Strickler syndrome), exon junction complex (in Richier-Costa–Periera syndrome), glucose (in Catel–Manzke syndrome), RNA-binding proteins (in TARP syndrome), and the spliceosome (in cerebra-costo-mandibular syndrome). Finally, SOX9 mutations cause campomelic dysplasia. Conclusions: The review supports the hypothesis of the participation of SOX9 in the pathogenesis of the clinical features of syndromic and nonsyndromic PRS. This should guide future research on the topic.


On 1 December 2015 the Competition Commission of India (CCI/Commission) passed an order fining Alkem Laboratories Limited (Alkem) and the All Kerala Chemist and Druggist Association (AKCDA) for…


Antidepressant Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics Studies have shown that there is some efficacy for a number of agents, most notably lithium, in treating bipolar depression. However, the studies also highlight the unfortunate reality that many patients fail to respond adequately to first-line therapies and that there is a need to identify additional options for patients and clinicians. The atypical antipsychotics clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole, have been the focus of increased interest in the treatment of bipolar depression. The use of antipsychotics in the treatment of depressive episodes is not a particularly novel idea. In 1982, Robertson and Trimble reviewed 34 studies examining the use of typical antipsychotics to augment an antidepressant and noticed modest but generally consistent benefits. More widespread use of these agents in the management of depression has been limited, however, because of concerns about the long-term risk of tardive dyskinesia and the induction of extrapyramidal symptoms that often mimic depressive symptoms. Clozapine, the first of the atypicals, was applied initially in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, where antidepressant effects were noted during open treatment. Subsequent case series described some benefit in dysphoric manias in bipolar disorder as well.


With modern technologies of milk production, udder disease in cows is one of the most common. All forms of mastitis are classified as complex and unprofitable diseases that cause significant damage to the economy of dairy cattle breeding, which consists of premature culling of highly productive cows, milk during and after treatment with antibacterial drugs, the loss of highly productive offspring - calves, as well as the costs associated with diagnosis and treatment. The use of a drug containing argovit silver nanoparticles allows you to shorten the treatment period in the absence of damage from milk rejection after therapy. The study was conducted to study the cost-effectiveness of treatment of cow mastitis with drugs of various pharmacological groups. The animals were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogues. The experimental groups were treated with argovit in the form of a 10 % aqueous solution intracisternally, 10 ml, 1 time per day. The cows of the control groups were injected intracisternally with 5 g of the drug lactobai three times with an interval of 12 hours. The results of the research established a high economic effect of veterinary measures on 1 rub of costs for the treatment of subclinical, serous and catarrhal mastitis in cows with a drug containing argovit silver nanoparticles, which amounted to 5.4; 53.6 and 55.6 rubles, respectively.


Ecological restoration (ER hereafter) is situated within a complex socio‐political landscape, characterized by competing interests that can hinder effective decision‐making and implementation of ER initiatives. Despite its importance, these social factors influencing ER decision‐making processes have not been comprehensively examined or interconnected in a systemic manner. This research aims to identify and systematically analyse the social barriers that obstruct ER decision‐making processes in the case of the Valencian Autonomous Region, Spain. Employing a qualitative methodological approach, this study utilized causal maps and network analysis to create a systemic representation of social barriers impacting ER, as identified by the key actors involved in the decision‐making process. The findings establish a relational model of social barriers that influence ER decision‐making. Central nodes of the process, as revealed by this network analysis, include the lack of private sector interest in ER initiatives, the excessive electoral motivation of political decisions and the inefficient civil service structure. This research contributes to a better understanding of the socio‐political dimensions of ER and provides valuable insights for overcoming barriers in the decision‐making process.


This thesis presents a qualitative action research (AR) study conducted to answer the research question: How can the internal audit (IA) approach contribute to averting recurring misconduct and enhance conduct risk management in global markets activities? This research is conducted on a Southeast Asia-based financial institution that experienced recurring misconduct despite regular IA reviews. This AR contributes to on-going debates on professional misconduct through the development and implementation of a changed IA approach and identification of essential internal auditors' attributes to address conduct risk, avert misconduct and strengthen conduct risk management. This study establishes that a conduct risk governance focus to internal auditing can stem recurring misconduct in the organization.


This study aims to investigate how interpersonal communication impacts employee performance, with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as mediating factors, at PT. SALSBP in Indonesia. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a sample of 104 company employees selected using the purposive sampling method and the Slovin formula. Path Analysis using SEM Smart PLS-3 is employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that extrinsic motivation significantly influences employee performance, as does interpersonal communication. Additionally, interpersonal communication significantly affects both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is also found to have a significant impact on employee performance. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that interpersonal communication influences employee performance through both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Notably, the most dominant factor influencing employee performance is extrinsic motivation. This study contributes valuable insights to the understanding of the various factors that influence employee performance, with a specific focus on interpersonal communication, extrinsic, and intrinsic motivation.


A dual-time implicit mesh-less method is presented for unsteady compressible flow calculations. Polynomial least-square (PLS) and Taylor series least-square (TLS) procedures are used to estimate the spatial derivatives at each node and their computational efficiencies are compared. Also, the effect of the neighbor stencil selection on the accuracy of the method is investigated. As a new approach, different neighboring stencils are used for the highly stretched point distribution inside the boundary layer region and the inviscid isotropic point distribution outside this area. The unsteady flows over stationary and moving objects at subsonic and transonic flow conditions are solved. Results indicate the computational efficiency of the method in comparison with the alternative approaches. The convergence histories of the flow solution show that the PLS method is computationally faster than TLS method. In addition, the eight point neighboring stencil inside the viscous region is more efficient than other choices.


The elbow lightning arrester according to the present invention comprises a ZnO element and upper and lower electrode brackets by multi-axial winding FRP reinforcing fiber yarn or inserting an element into a pulled molded FRP tube to construct a single unit lightning arrester module and to form an inner and outer semiconducting layer molded product. By assembling and integrating into the insulating layer which is directly injected or molded into the insulating layer, the mechanical impact strength is strengthened, and the unit is separated from the ground and the line by the disconnecting unit which is assembled integrally in case of an accident caused by the deterioration of ZnO element. It is characterized by maximizing the prevention and isolation of secondary accidents by blocking the scattering of the protective function and disconnector. Lightning arrester module, single unit, direct injection, insulation layer multi-axis winding, protective tube


Carbon microphones are non linear and time varying devices, so that their response curve widely depends on the type of excitation signal, To carry our measurements well correlated with the real performance, the transducers must be excitated by a signal as close as possible to real voice. For the artificial signals already proposed, the attention was practically concentrated on both waveform behaviour and long-time characteristics. The speech-like signal here presented, in addition to previous items, also accounts for syllabic-rate of real speech, showing an envelope very similar to real voices. Sensitivity frequency characteristics and distortion measured on 4 microphones (3 carbon and 1 linear) using this signal are presented.


In Today's Era due to Global Worming the Atmospheric Temperature increases and the use of Air-conditions are getting more and more. So, for Energy saving purpose I would like to do work on Thermal Insulating Concrete which reduces the cost and optimisation of Energy. Calcium silicate Insulating Powder (CSIP) was developed for Energy conservation. In General Observation of buildings consume more than 30% of Energy and Major Consumption of Energy nowadays is meant to increase comfort. The Large part of country is not able to afford Air conditioners. So, it is necessary for us to develop and enhance building products which can help in reducing Energy consumption and giving comfort inside and outside of Environment. As a Student I am Excited to Analyse more about CSIP, So that in Future I can understand the value of better Concrete with good performance by the way of Thermal Insulating Concrete (TIC). In My Project I will do the Experimental work on TIC with the M-20 grade of concrete and for different TIC proportions like 10%, 20%, 30% & 40% replacement. Casting of Cube specimens for different Experiments and Mix proportions.


This study aimed to evaluate the use of alternative substrates using the chapter on the production of sunflower seedlings, papaya 'Sunrise solo' in polystyrene trays. The adopted experimental delineamento was it of blocks casualizados with four treatments and five repetitions, being the results submitted to the variance analysis and later submitted to the test Scott-Knott to 5% of probability. The treatments consisted of four (4) substrates (S1 = Plantmax ®, S2 = 50% of chapter sunflower + 50% goat manure, S3 = 25% Chapter sunflower + 75% of goat manure, S4 = 50% Chapter sunflower + 50% Plantmax ®). We made the following assessments: number of leaves, diameter, shoot length, root and seedling dry matter mass of shoot, root and total dry mass ratio of shoot and root system; Dickson quality index. For the production of papaya 'Sunrise solo' vigorous in the nursery, you can use the alternative substrate composed of 25% of chapter sunflower + 75% of goat manure.


Objective: To conduct a feasibility and psychometric properties study by assessing the validity, sensitivity, specificity, and length of time answering the Ages & Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3, Thai version) to pinpoint developmental progress in children aged 12, 30, and 36 months and compare it with the standardized Bayley-III.
Materials and Methods: Three hundred participants, who were the parents of children aged 12, 30, and 36 months old, and the children engaged in the present research. They were divided into two groups, 1) participants who received the questionnaires beforehand and completed them at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (QSNICH), 2) participants who received and completed the questionnaires at the QSNICH on the same day. While the parents were filling out the ASQ-3, Thai version, child development progress was assessed using the Bayley-III. The length of time was recorded and compared between the two groups.
Results: The present study showed that the ASQ-3, Thai version had a sensitivity of 78.6%, 96.7%, and 83.3% among children at 12, 30 and 36 months old, respectively. The specificity was at 90.3%, 95.7%, and 98.7% among 12, 30 and 36-month-old children, respectively. The validity for 30-month-old children was very high and had almost perfect kappa agreement of 0.81 to 1, while the validity among children at 12 and 36-month-old was substantial (kappa agreement of 0.67 to 0.86).
Conclusion: The feasibility and accuracy of ASQ-3, Thai version is an applicable suitable developmental screening tool for children at 12, 30 and 36 months old in time limited circumstances and with insufficient health personnel. The validity of the ASQ-3, Thai version is acceptable when comparing to the standardized Bayley-III. The questionnaire is faster to complete than the child development progress assessment using the Bayley-III.
Keywords: ASQ-3 (Thai version), Psychometric properties, Developmental screening, Feasibility


A new control system of DC source of plasma arc welding was designed according to the shortcomings of timevarying and nonlinearity in the design process of DC source of plasma arc welding and traditional control algorithms could not be overcome these disadvantage. Main circuit and control circuit were included in this system. Fuzzy variable structure control was used to control the PWM module circuit combining the fuzzy control and traditional PID control algorithm. The simulation results showed that the system has high dynamic performance and steady performance and has some value of popularization and application. KeywordsDC source of plasma arc welding; fuzzy variable structure control; style; small-signal modeling; simulation


Two cases of notching in the umbilical artery Doppler waveform in a pregnancy with gastroschisis are reported. The etiology of the abnormal Doppler pattern in relation to the displacement of the fetal stomach in this congenital abnormality is discussed. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology


The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to explore the fixation of the eyes of human resource (HR) professionals' when identifying emotions in the context of workplace research and to propose measures that might support them in their role.,This paper combines a contemporary literature review with reflections from practice to develop more nuanced understandings of 39 HR professionals' ability to recognise emotions. This paper used eye-tracking technology more commonly used in laboratory-based students to explore the fixation of the eye when identifying emotions.,The preliminary findings suggest that HR professionals with higher levels of emotional recognition principally focus on the eyes of the recipient, whereas those with lower levels or emotional recognition focus more so the nose or the randomly across the face, depending on the level of emotional recognition. The data suggest that women are better than men, in the sample group at recognising emotions, with some variations in recognising specific emotions such as disgust.,The viewpoint paper proposes a number of implications for middle leaders and suggests that middle leaders should proactively seek out opportunities to be engaged in activities that support the Default Mode Network (DMN) function of the brain and subsequently the relationship-orientated aspects of leadership, for example, coaching other staff members. However, it has to be recognised that the sample size is small and further work is needed before any generalisations can be made.,This paper offers a contemporary review underpinned by a preliminary study into HR professionals' ability to recognise emotions.


A t the present time, the Ontario government is encouraging people to invest in solar and wind power generation. They do this by subsidizing any excess power produced and fed into the grid at a rate many times the cost of power generated from big conventional plants. The Ontario Power Authority is offering feed-in tariff contracts at between 45 and 80.2 cents to companies building new solar power generating facilities, 13.5 cents on landbased wind farms, 19 cents on off-shore wind farms, and between 10.4 and 19.5 cents on biogas projects. 3 The experiment described herein is a test of the economics of domestic production from a small and easily affordable system, on the shore of Lake Huron, in the light of these figures. Two solar panels, with a rated capacity of 80 W each, were mounted on the roof of a shed, which was located in an exposed spot. They faced approximately south and were about 23 to the horizontal. Having only 100 foot wide lot, a tall tower was not practical for a wind generator, since it would have to be guyed sufficiently to withstand gale force winds from any direction. So a 900 W wind generator was mounted between two cedar tree trunks, about 35 feet tall, set two feet apart in an approximately east west direction, and another cedar trunk, about 20 feet tall, set at 12 feet north of the westmost 35 foot cedar. They were braced by connecting them to each other, and to the shed. The cedar posts were embedded in reinforced concrete, resting on the bedrock, about two feet beneath. The wind generator was attached to the top of a 2 /2 in. diameter galvanized steel pipe, about 24 feet long. The pipe was in two halves joined at the middle by a specially shaped hollow rod. The assembly was pivoted in the middle by a one in. diameter hardened steel rod. This steel rod went right through the support cedars, with the 2 /2 in. pipe assembly in the middle. The generator was fixed to one end of the assembly, and balanced by steel slugs affixed inside the other end. Thus the generator could be swung down to connect the electrical conductors, and swung up again for wind generation of electrical power. (And swung down again for service.) This structure withstood gale force winds (sustained winds of 63 84 km/h) on many occasions. A gust of 162 km/h was recorded on the anemometer in May 2010 and another, of 165km/h, in November of that year. The three phase electrical power produced by the generator was regulated and rectified by a special "charge controller", and was stored in deep cycle lead-acid batteries. The power produced was dissipated as heat. An automatic switching system (Schmidt trigger) was designed and constructed to turn the 115 V heater on when the battery voltage reached 12.8 V, and turn it off again when the voltage fell to 11.4 V. The time that the heater was turned on was logged. With the aid of an anemometer, the power output of the generator was plotted as a function of wind velocity, averaged over about 12 h. This showed that a 16km/h wind was required before any power was generated. Thereafter, the power increased approximately linearly to 340 W at 40km/h. By extrapolation of the straight line, it was predicted that a 50km/h wind was required to produce 500 W. But above 30km/h wind velocity, the generator was designed to fold, so it was avoiding the full force of the wind. The manufacturer's design figure of 900 W at 45km/h thus appears to be very optimistic, as reported elsewhere for these devices. (Note that the power was fed through an inverter to produce 120 V AC from 12 V DC. This conversion was about 90% efficient. So 900 W from the generator produces about 810 W of useable AC power.) The power produced by the solar panels working in tandemwith the wind generator was logged for 12 months, from January 1 2010 to January 31 2011, see Figure 1. (April 2010 did not yield reliable results, due to instrument problems.) While there are significant variations, the overall mean useable power produced was 28.3 W. The solar panels only contributed a significant amount of power in the summer. They were covered in snow in December, January, February, and part of March. The monthly averages conceal much day-to-day variation. For instance, in June 2010 the power varied between 2 and 120 W. The out-of pocket cost of the setup was about 7450 Canadian dollars. The wind generator cost $2933, the solar panels $1333, the batteries $575, the inverter $580, and the concrete and tower hardware about $1150. Heavy cable was needed for the wind generator charge controller battery connections, and 115/230 V cable was needed to connect the system to the house. Hidden costs include the cedar tree trunks, the design and building of the Schmidt trigger from its basic components, and the value of the excavation, etc. work associated with the construction of the wind generator support. The current (March 2011) cost of domestic electricity in the household concerned with the project was 14.82 cents per


Disclosed is a cooling system for cooling to a support plate (1) fixed tubes (2) by means of which a fluid inlet (15) by means of the carrier plate (1) supported shouldered fluid lines (7, 14, 10, 11, 21) to a fluid outlet (22) guided fluid, wherein the fluid conduits (7, 14, 10, 11, 21) main supply (7) and approximately perpendicular to this extending supply lines (10, 11) belong, the latter parallel to one another and arranged in pairs in the carrier plate (1) run, and with a number of sleeves (2) via inlet (16) and discharge lines (17) are connected, wherein the row of sleeves (2) between the supply lines (10, 11) of a pair is disposed so that each sleeve (2) with two supply lines (10, 11) is connected. DOLLAR A This can be achieved in increasing the fluid turbulence by reducing the throttling effect greater flow rates, less contamination risk, and greater cooling capacity, the invention proposes that in at least one supply line (10) of the pair about the middle of its longitudinal extent, the fluid communication is interrupted (plug 24 ) is.


Preliminary data which seemed to indicate gametophytic control of pollen abortion in cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility led to the following study. Using the standard iodine method for counts of pollen grains, pollenabortion was determined on two A lines, three B lines, nine presumed fertility restorers, and the F1's of the A lines )✕ restorer. In addition, four backcross progenies involving A lines and restorers were classified as to
sterility or fertility by seed set under bag. Data were also recorded in the backcrosses for seed color in relation to sterility. These studies failed to
support the idea of gametophytic control. Sporophytic control by the restorer gene was further indicated by approximate 1:I ratios of fertility to sterility in the backcrosses. Other explanations of the data are suggested to be the effect of the environment on sterility, meiotic irregularities in crosses between lines of diverse origin, multiple modifying genes for fertility restoration, and cytoplasmic particles.


The courtyard sunspace was built up according to courtyard characteristics of rural residence in Qingdao, A mathematical model was established for courtyard sunspace solar house based on its heat transfer mechanism, and the relationships of sunspace ventilation opening area, courtyard sunspace temperature and indoor ventilation quantity was analyzed. The results showed that temperature of courtyard sunspace will decease with increasing ventilation opening area of courtyard sunspace and lead to decrease the indoor ventilation quantity, which will provide theoretical basis for ventilation opening design of courtyard sunspace.


The article deals with the conflict between contractualist and broadly communitarian approaches to question of justice. I show that the objections that Sandel and Taylor direct against Rawlsian (and implicitly also other forms of) contractual ism do not hit their target, because they misunderstand the essentially hypothetical features of contractualist justification. Hypothetical contractual ism needs to rely on unembedded selves in the basic decision process for reasons of impartiality. Another objection focuses on the alleged excessive individualism behind contractualist theories. I demonstrate that this objection is also misguided due to lack of attention to different versions of individualism.


Abstract Colorectal cancer is the third most deadly cancer globally. Drug resistance and attendant side effects make the available standard anti-colorectal cancer drugs against target receptors inefficient. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are safer, cheaper, effective, and heal diseases from the cellular level. This study is aimed at identifying potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF–κB) target receptors from Capsicum annuum towards the development of new therapeutic drugs against colorectal cancer via in silico approach. One hundred and fifty (150) ligands previously reported from Capsicum annuum were downloaded from the PubChem database and were subjected to chemo-informatics analyses such as ADMET, drug-likeness, oral bioavailability, bioactivity, and PASS prediction to ascertain their therapeutic and safety profile before docking. The ligands that passed the analyses were docked against TS and NF–κB in duplicate using a creditable docking tool (PyRx). Raltitrexed and emetine were used as the standard drug inhibitors for TS and NF–κB, respectively. The results obtained from this study showed that feruloyl-beta-D-glucose (8.45 kcal/mol), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (−8.40 kcal/mol), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (−7.89 kcal/mol), feruloyl hexoside (−7.40 kcal/mol), O-glucopyranoside (−7.55 kcal/mol), and quercetin (−7.00 kcal/mol) shared the same binding pocket with TS while feruloyl-beta-D-glucose (−7.00 kcal/mol), chlorogenic acid (−6.90 kcal/mol), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (−6.90 kcal/mol) and feruloyl hexoside (−6.50 kcal/mol) shared the same pocket with NF–κB. These compounds were selected as best hits due to their excellent inhibitory efficiency and chemoinformatic profiles. Thus, the compounds may function as prospective lead compounds for developing a new anti-colorectal cancer drug.


Abstract The nowadays generally accepted history of the Archaean Svecofennidic orogeny seems to fit very well into a cyclic pattern with four cycles. Each cycle begins with the eruption of acid rocks and ends with basic ones. As an explanation of this cyclic development mobilisation, or melting in the border region between the sial and the underlying basic layer or mantle is proposed. The acid mobilised rock or magma, being lighter than the underlying basic one, prevents the latter from moving upwards in the crust until almost all acid magma has left the magma chamber. The result of this is the observed sequence of eruption beginning with acid rocks and ending with basic ones. The strong movements during the first folding phase of the orogeny, however, mix to some extent the acid and basic magmas forming the calc-alkaline suite of eruptive rocks. This cycle begins with basic intrusions and is followed by acid ones because the basic magmas move faster than the acid ones owing to their lower viscosity. At t...


We report the observation of the 1.54 μm emission from optically excited Er3+ in an ion-implanted In0.07Ga0.93N layer epitaxially strained grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The Er was implanted at 150 keV with a dose of 1×1015 Er+ cm−2 at room temperature. After annealing the sample at 400 °C during 30 min in a vacuum, the intraionic 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition was observed. Photoluminescence studies were carried out in the temperature range from 70–250 K under below band gap excitation. The dominant line emission at 1.5353 μm revealed complex temperature dependence. Two activation energies of 33±4 meV and 189±86 meV were calculated.


A prominent security threat to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is to capture it by GPS spoofing, in which the attacker manipulates the GPS signal of the UAV to capture it. This paper introduces an anti-spoofing model to mitigate the impact of GPS spoofing attack on UAV mission security. In this model, linear regression (LR) is used to predict and model the optimal route of UAV to its destination. On this basis, a countermeasure mechanism is proposed to reduce the impact of GPS spoofing attack. Confrontation is based on the progressive detection mechanism of the model. In order to better ensure the flight security of UAV, the model provides more than one detection scheme for spoofing signal to improve the sensitivity of UAV to deception signal detection. For better proving the proposed LR anti-spoofing model, a dynamic Stackelberg game is formulated to simulate the interaction between GPS spoofer and UAV. In particular, for GPS spoofer, it is worth mentioning that for the scenario that the UAV is cheated by GPS spoofing signal in the mission environment of the designated route is simulated in the experiment. In particular, UAV with the LR anti-spoofing model, as the leader in this game, dynamically adjusts its response strategy according to the deception's attack strategy when upon detection of GPS spoofer's attack. The simulation results show that the method can effectively enhance the ability of UAV to resist GPS spoofing without increasing the hardware cost of the UAV and is easy to implement. Furthermore, we also try to use long short-term memory (LSTM) network in the trajectory prediction module of the model. The experimental results show that the LR anti-spoofing model proposed is far better than that of LSTM in terms of prediction accuracy.


The United States Polar Rock Repository (USPRR) is a U. S. national facility designed for the permanent curatorial preservation of rock samples, along with associated materials such as field notes, annotated air photos and maps, raw analytic data, paleomagnetic cores, ground rock and mineral residues, thin sections, and microfossil mounts, microslides and residues from Polar areas. This facility was established by the Office of Polar Programs at the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) to minimize redundant sample collecting, and also because the extreme cold and hazardous field conditions make fieldwork costly and difficult. The repository provides, along with an on-line database of sample information, an essential resource for proposal preparation, pilot studies and other sample based research that should make fieldwork more efficient and effective. This latter aspect should reduce the environmental impact of conducting research in sensitive Polar Regions. The USPRR also provides samples for educational outreach. Rock samples may be borrowed for research or educational purposes as well as for museum exhibits. Citation: Grunow, A.M., D.H. Elliot, and J.E. Codispoti (2007), The United States Polar Rock Repository: A Geological Resour ce for the Earth Science Community, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World - Online Proceedings of the 10 th


Hyperspectral image classification is a difficult task in remote sensing community due to the challenges caused by high dimensionality and limited training samples. The traditional classification approaches used to exploit the rich spectral information only, while in the past decades the contextual information has been considered extensively to promote the performance of hyperspectral classification. In this paper, we attempt to exploit the contextual information in the form of superpixel to improve the spectral based classification approach. Superpixels at multiple scales are used to learn spatial features and then a subspace based multinominal logistic regression is conducted to estimate the probability estimation at different scales. Finally, the classification result is achieved by a decision fusion process. Experimental results show that by combining the contextual information in the form of superpixels, our method works effectively and produce satisfiable results compared to the related spectral-spatial methods.


A technical assessment of the critical issues and problem areas in the field of plasma materials interactions (PMI) in magnetic fusion devices shows these problems to be central for near-term experiments, for intermediate-range reactor devices including D-T burning physics experiments, and for long-term reactor machines. Critical technical issues are ones central to understanding and successful operation of existing and near-term experiments/reactors or devices of great importance for the long run, i.e., ones which will require an extensive, long-term development effort and thus should receive attention now. Four subgroups were formed to assess the critical PMI issues along four major lines: (1) PMI and plasma confinement physics experiments; (2) plasma-edge modelling and theory; (3) surface physics; and (4) materials technology for in-vessel components and the first wall. The report which follows is divided into four major sections, one for each of these topics.


Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviour of titanium aluminide TiAl with a nearly fully lamellar microstructure has been studied in ambient temperature on two different FCP directions relative to the lamellar orientation, i.e. parallel (Type A specimen) and perpendicular (Type B specimen) to the lamellar orientation. It was found that the FCP resistance of the former was considerably lower than that of the latter. Close examination on crack morphology revealed significant differences between two FCP directions. In Type A specimens several cracks along lamellar were seen on both surfaces and sections of the specimen, thus uncracked ligaments were formed in the wake of the crack tip. On the other hand, such ligaments were scarcely produced in Type B specimens because only main crack could propagate without remarkable deflection and branching. The FCP rate of Type A specimens decreased with crack extension under constant ΔK tests, suggesting the role of crack bridging by uncracked ligaments. FEM analysis indicated considerably reduced ΔK experienced at the crack tip, thus the difference in FCP resistance between two FCP directions based on the actual ΔK after allowing for crack bridging became much larger than that based on the nominal or applied ΔK.


Provided is a retrieval method, used for a digital stream system. The retrieval method comprises a step of acquiring a plurality of selective key words related to a live program from a network service end of the digital stream system according to program information of the live program, a step of selecting and combining at least one of the plurality of key words to form a retrieval key word string, and a step of acquiring a plurality of information on demand from at least an on-demand resource service end according to the retrieval key word string.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a numerical analysis of the migration and transformation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) pollutants in soil. The mathematical model of the solute migration and plant–microbial remediation for PH polluted soil was established. The model was verified by field experimental data. Then, the software Hydrus-1D was employed to simulate the processes of diffusion, adsorption, desorption, microbial degradation, and plant adsorption of PHs in the soil–water system. The process of plant–microbial remediation for PH-contaminated soil was also simulated. The space-time change of PHs in soil was obtained, and the fate and remediation efficiency of PHs in soil were revealed in different remediation conditions. The results indicated that the Hydrus-1D model can adequately simulate the process of plant–microbial remediation. Plant–microbial remediation appears to be more efficient than the application of bacteria or Suaeda salsa. The majority of PH pollutants are degraded in the upper soil levels. For long-chain petro-alkane-contaminated soil, plant–microbial remediation is a more efficient method. A suitable moisture level in soil is important for improving the bioremediation effect of plant–microbial remediation technology.


We Start With An Analysis Of The Term Righteousness Of God In Romans 3:21–26. The Righteousness As A Gift To Believers (genitive Of Source, Verses 21–22) Is Founded On The Righteousness That Characterizes His Being (subjective Genitive, Verses 24–25). However, God's Righteousness Should Not Always Be Interpreted As God's Covenantal Faithfulness. For The Apostle, Divine Righteousness Brings Salvation And Leads To Judgment, As It Does In The Old Testament. There The Hilastērion, The Ark Cover, Brings These Attributes Together. After Investigating The Background, We Describe Paul's Use Of The Image (Rom 3:25) With The Help Of Jewish Sources. In Christ, Divine Justice And Mercy Come Together In This Image. Finally, We Ask To Whom It Applies. KEYWORDS: (Day Of) Atonement, Forgiveness, Jewish Sources, Mercy Seat, Propitiation, Romans 3, Righteousness Of God, Hilastērion, Reconciliation, Sacrifice


In electronic, liquid markets, traders frequently change their positions. The distribution of these trader position changes carries important information about liquidity demand in the market. From this distribution of trader position-changes, we construct a marketwide measure for intraday liquidity demand that does not necessarily depend on aggressive trading. Using a rich regulatory dataset on SP a one standard deviation increase in passive liquidity demand is associated with 0.5 tick rise in prices for S&P 500 E-mini futures. In addition, we find that new information is incorporated into the prices when passive liquidity demanders take positions. By providing direct evidence, we contribute to the growing literature on the impact of passive limit orders.


Contents: Introduction: the legacy of the past US Iraq policy and September 11 The doctrine of preemption Diplomacy and brinkmanship A coalition of the willing Operation Iraqi Freedom Rebuilding and reconstruction Conclusion: the future of US Iraq policy Bibliography Index.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have substantially improved clinical response and remission rates in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis who have not responded adequately to conventional therapies. However, these protein-derived biologic agents are associated with varying degrees of immunogenicity, infusion and injection-site reactions, and loss of treatment response. Clearly, strategies are needed to predict, measure, and maintain response and prevent or restore lost treatment response. This article reviews initial response to treatment with monoclonal antibody-based TNF antagonists, discusses the possible mechanisms for loss of response, and describes strategies to minimize immunogenicity and prevent or restore lost treatment response. The article also addresses the significance of C-reactive protein in the variability of response to therapy, the role of serologic markers and various clinical factors in assessing and monitoring response, and the potential of pharmacogenomics to predict response and enhance drug efficacy and safety. (Adv Stud Med. 2006;6(7E):S750-S759)


HE CURRENT CONCERN WITH THE RELATIONSHIPS of psychoT analysis to changes in medical and psychiatric training programs reflects the intense ferment that is taking place not only in medical and psychiatric education, but also in medical and psychiatric practice. It also reflects the emerging maturity and status of psychoanalysis as a basic discipline in the array of medical sciences. The general questions that have traditionally dominated this area have dealt primarily with the role of psychiatry in general medical education, or have focused on the difficulties and problems inherent in the teaching of psychotherapy as such. Previous attempts to discuss the problems inherent in the teaching of psychoanalytic concepts in medical or psychiatric education have inevitably gravitated in these directions. The fact that psychoanalytic ideas have become so solidly embedded in psychodynamic teaching and that such a basically psychodynamic approach serves as the


Coating method for an article made of resin-impregnated tissues cab member (1) for aircraft, comprising the steps of: a) applying a powder coating layer (3) on at least one surface (2) of the cab member (1) for producing a predetermined three-dimensional texture, b) curing the powder coating layer; and c) applying a printing (4) to the powder coating layer (3).


An ultrasensitive micro sensor for the detection of trace lead (II) is fabricated by mixed dispersion solution of bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) and PDDA, and layer-by-layer self-assembled (LBL SA) with graphene (G) suspension solution on a micro gold electrode. The LBL SA G-Bi NPs sensor performance has been greatly enhanced in determination of Pb (II) using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Compared with a sensor without surface modification, the sensor's stripping peak potential decreased from −0.520 V to −0.564 V, and its peak current increased from 1.227 μA to 8.372 μA. Compared with a sensor modified by LBL SA G (without Bi NPs), stripping peak potential decreased from −0.548 V to −0.572 V, the sensor's peak current increased from 0.284 μA to 1.263 μA. This sensor's limit of detection (LOD) of Pb (II) was achieved as 0.078 ppb with a sensitivity of 1.061 μA/ppb. This simple but effective graphene-metal nanocomposites construction method can be widely used in the development of highly sensitive ion sensor.


Abstract Objective This study aims to examine the endocannabinoid levels in newborns in relation to the mode of delivery. Study Design In this study, the concentrations of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and the metabolite arachidonic acid (AA) in umbilical cord vein blood of 49 newborns was determined by quantitative mass spectrometry using liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring. The newborns were divided by their mode of delivery. Only healthy newborns born after 340/7 gestational weeks without birth complications were included. Results The concentration of AEA, PEA, and AA was significantly higher in vaginal delivered newborns (n = 25) in comparison to newborns born by cesarean delivery (n = 24). 2-AG exhibited no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion The exposure of the newborn to high endocannabinoid concentrations is a physiological process during vaginal delivery. The endocannabinoids AEA, PEA, and their metabolite AA seem to be part of an endocrine system during labor and birth supporting the fetal transition.


Realists regarding scientific knowledge – those who think that our best scientific representations truly describe both observable and unobservable aspects of the natural world – have special need of a notion of approximate truth. Since theories and models are rarely considered true simpliciter, the realist requires some means of making sense of the claim that they may be false and yet close to the truth, and increasingly so over time. In this paper, I suggest that traditional approaches to approximate truth are insensitive to two crucial features of scientific knowledge, and that for each of these, analogies between representational practices in the sciences and in art prove useful to understanding how this situation can be remedied. First, I outline two distinct ways in which representations deviate from the truth, commonly referred to as 'abstraction' and 'idealization'. Second, I argue that these practices exemplify different conventions of representation, and that for each, the conditions of approximation relevant to explicating the concept of approximate truth must be understood differently. The concept is thus heterogeneous; approximate truth is a virtue that is multiply realized, relative to different contexts of representation. This understanding is facilitated, I suggest, by considering the distinction between realistic and non-realistic representation in art. 1. Varieties of truth in art and science Not so long ago, pursuing the notion that the philosophies of art and science can inform one another in mutually productive ways might have been considered a cultured but rather fringe activity. Recently, however, philosophers more generally have awoken to the import of provocative and substantive analogies between practices of representation in these fields, and it is the spirit of this pursuit that motivates this essay. My primary concern here is to understand the nature of truth in the scientific context, and it will be my contention that this understanding, far from being a simple matter of mastering the T-schema, requires an appreciation of the distinction between two different conventions of representation – one associated with practices of abstraction, and the other with practices of idealization. It is here, I believe, that analogies to practices of representation in art can serve as valuable heuristics towards understanding how and in what manner scientific representations can be true. Anjan Chakravartty 2 The term 'scientific representation' is commonly applied to many things, and would benefit from a more precise consideration than I can give it here. For present purposes, let me …


The sonne fro the south lyne was descended So !owe that he nas nat, to my sighte, Degrees nyne and twenty as in highte. Foure of the clokke it was tho, as I gesse, For ellevene foot, or lite! moore or Jesse, My shadwe was at thilke tyme, as there Of swiche feet as my lengthe parted were In sixe feet equal of proporcioun. Thetwith the moones exaltacioun I meene Libra alwey gan ascende As we were entryng at a thropes ende; ....


We study the evolution and the dominance of the service based functions and their distinguishing features. As the service industry matures, its functions bear many similarities with the software development processes, such as intense manmachine interaction, knowledge intensive activities, flexibility in the organization, control and execution of tasks. In this paper we discuss wide range of interconnected topics, emphasizing the multi-faceted nature of service functions. These include the evolution of service industry and their products, the consumerization of high tech products based on their large-scale adoption and the consequent creation of implicit requirements; the technology transfer processes; the error proneness due to intense and prolonged interaction with computers and some methods of mitigating error incidence. We argue that by proper 'humanization and personalization' of interactive systems and by the use of teams of computer supported professionals, we can prevent such errors. We discuss some useful team types, models of their behavior and their control aspects. As the cost of communications shrinks like due to the Internet, we conclude that a fully decentralized system control provides a flat, flexible, and fair and friction-free organization for large team based service systems. key words: service engineering, service industry, software en-


Let X → S be a smooth proper family of complex curves (i.e. family of Riemann surfaces), and F a G-bundle over X with connection along the fibres X → S. We construct a line bundle with connection (L F , ⊇ F ) on S (also in cases when the connection on F has regular singularities). We discuss the resulting (£ F , ⊇ F ) mainly in the case G = C*. For instance when S is the moduli space of line bundles with connection over a Riemann surface X, X = X x S, and F is the Poincare bundle over X, we show that (£ F , ⊇ F ) provides a prequantization of S.


Building domain ontologies such as the SNOMED CT requires a significant amount of effort and expertise. Among supporting tools for building such ontologies are tableaux-based reasoners [21, 19] which can help with detecting inconsistencies or computing implicit statements (i.e. entailments) following from ontologies. They do, however, have a downside: it is difficult to explain their reasoning to human ontology developers as they depend on a refutation proof strategy and unintuitive normalising transformations [2]. Therefore, we aim to develop a computational approach to generating explanations for inconsistencies and undesirable entailments in order to support ontology debugging. Recently there has been an increasing interest in justifications for entailments and inconsistencies [11, 20, 7]. A justification for an entailment is a minimal set of axioms, drawn from the ontology, that causes the entailment to arise. For logicians, a justification is a form of explanation [11]. Human domain experts do, however, require further explanations of the semantics of each axiom and the inference process linking axioms to the entailment [18]. This is because they usually lack understanding of OWL and formal logic [4]. Let us give an example. Assuming a justification for an unwanted entailment Animal ≡ > includes three axioms: (1) Old lady ≡ ∀has pet.Cat, (2) Domain(has pet) = Animal, and (3) Old lady v Animal. We may provide an explanation as the following:


Credit risk analysis is an important topic in the financial risk management. Due to recent financial crises, credit risk analysis has been the major focus of financial and banking industry. An accurate estimation of credit risk could be transformed into a more efficient use of economic capital. Existing models for estimating credit risk are not semantics-based. The objective of this work was to design an intelligent web portal to serve as service provider for credit risk analysis. The portal has been conceived to help users (e.g. credit managers working in banks) to detect bad payers. For this purpose, the knowledge of the financial domain has been represented by means of ontology, which has been used to guide the design of the application and to supply the system with semantic capabilities. The reasoning engine of the proposed system executes logic rules related with well-established financial variables. These rules characterize that a payer tends to become a bad one or not.


For years institutional investors have concentrated their holdings of common stock in a relatively small group, the "institutional favorites." While the market performance and changes in the composition of institutional favorites were reported in financial literature from the 1950s, no recent studies concerning the characteristics of firms classified as institutional favorites have been presented. The purpose of this study is to establish a financial profile for firms currently favored by financial institutions, and to determine whether these firms differ significantly from firms selected at random. It is concerned with those variables that are indicators ofthe firm's risk‐return trade off character. As in previous studies of this nature, Multiple Discriminant Analysis was used. The results were somewhat surprising in that institutions did not seem to be drawn to what are perceived to be growth firms. As was expected, however, institutional favorites were larger in size than firms selected at random.


Case Report The intracapsular chondroma of infra-patellar fat pad of Hoffa is a rare benign affection, manifested by anterior knee pain, resulting from the development of hyaline cartilage from the synovial membrane. A good knowledge of the radiological characteristics is the key to the diagnosis. We present a case of unilateral intracapsular and para-articular chondroma of the infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa.


With the increase of concentration in the fluid milk industry, firms' ability to exercise market power has aroused the concern of the Chinese government. To separate the market power effect of concentration from its cost efficiency effect, we developed an empirical model for measuring these two kinds of effects. The model is based on a theoretical framework which is known as the 'New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO)' approach. Data from the Chinese fluid milk industry for the 1993–2011 time periods are used to evaluate the effects of concentration. The findings show the cost efficiency effect outweighs the market power effect.


an ordinary observer it is not very difficult to recognise the cardinal symptoms of the disease, but to associate them with the presence of Koch's comma-vibrio is by no means an easy task. It requires a good deal of technical skill and previous experience to cultivate and isolate cholera vibrio successfully from the majority of cases. Nevertheless, in spite of all the experience and skill that is brought to bear 011 the investigation


New online submission and review system for QSHC

From January 2002 QSHC will be linked into a new online submission and reviewing system. Developed by Highwire Press (CA, USA), Bench>Press© is a fully integrated electronic system which utilises the web to allow rapid and efficient submission of manuscripts. It also enables the …


Feeding problems in infancy and early childhood are very common. Twenty-five percent to 45% of typically developing children reportedly experience some type of feeding problem. Although many of these issues are temporary, with no significant clinical impact, psychologically traumatic events can result in acute food refusal with serious risk of harm, either necessitating or occurring during an inpatient hospitalization.1 Emerging literature and diagnostic entities are focusing on the ways psychological stress can precipitate avoidant and restrictive food intake. Recent changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), have brought renewed attention to psychological trauma in young children that results in disordered eating.2 In the present article, we examine iatrogenic food refusal in the context of medical traumatic stress of a 5-year-old girl to demonstrate diagnostic consideration and treatment strategies.

K.G. was a 5-year-old otherwise healthy girl without restrictive or picky eating before presentation who was transferred from a referring hospital pediatric ward at day 13 of her hospitalization for evaluation and treatment of acute-onset abdominal pain and total by mouth (PO) refusal. The patient was in her usual state of health until she presented to the referring hospital with a 3-day history of vague abdominal pain, nausea, nonbloody nonbilious emesis, and 1 episode of nonbloody diarrhea. One sick contact with viral illness was reported before admission. A full review of systems was otherwise negative.

The patient's referring hospital physical examination was notable for a relatively well-appearing, somewhat anxious but talkative young girl with mild diffuse abdominal tenderness most evident at the umbilicus and "feeling like a bubble," with mild hepatomegaly variably reported by clinical examiners. Transaminitis was noted, with alanine transaminase levels of 139 IU/L and aspartate transaminase levels of 123 IU/L. Results of multiple laboratory studies obtained at the referring hospital reported …


This study aims to causally evaluate the following hypotheses: i) that income, when evaluated relatively to a reference, is a significant determinant of life satisfaction; and ii) whether this effect changes in strength or direction depending on the reference group used for comparison and (or) the starting wealth levels. Aided by a fixed effects regression analysis on a large panel data sample from Peru and an income-framed life satisfaction question fundamental for a causal identification strategy, this investigation finds significant results for both. The findings suggest the importance of relative comparisons for regulatory and redistributional purposes, as well for other non income-related topics. 1 I would like to thank Roberto Asmat for his invaluable help. Page 3 of 47 DV 41


Education and research is the key function of university. As regional and national economy and industry tends to heavily rely on high level of science and technology, it is likely that cooperation between academia and industry is highly expected in various sources and channels. And South-East region in Korea is no exception, where automobile, shipbuilding and machinery industries play a major role in the regional economy. This paper focuses on analyzing university's general type of research as well as collaborative research with industrial firm(s) by applying relative comparative advantage and specialization degree index, and some other general analysis tools. The study shows that some leading universities in the region seem to have relatively lower level of comparative advantage in science and technology research areas where regional industry is highly and directly related to its competitiveness. This paper recommends two policy implications: (1)leading universities in the region in terms of general research activities should put more effort on transferring and disseminating their acquired and accumulated knowledge to major industry sectors in the region such as automobiles, shipbuildings and machines, (2)metro concept of the region (East-South Metro area, Dong-Nam Gwon)should be highly desirable and quickly implemented in terms of regional economies and public administrations among Busan and Ulsan Metro Cities, and Gyeongnam Province.


Province-wide economic competitiveness is undeniable objective at present and acts as a important stimulus in China's economic development. The theories of existence and development of province-wide economic mainly derived from the theory of regional economic. Upgrading the province-wide economic competitiveness not only has strong foundation in theory, but also is very necessary from the practice of developing the socialist market economy. It is also determined by China's fundamental realities and the party's basic line.


We determined the structural state of six plagioclase crystals from the Kobe meteorite by measuring the separation between the 131 and 131 X-ray diffraction peaks (Δ131 parameter) using a Gandolfi camera. The formation temperature of each plagioclase crystal was then estimated by plotting the Δ131 parameter on the relation diagram between the Δ131 parameters and temperatures of plagioclase synthesis, as proposed by Smith (1972). Three of the crystals record temperatures of just under 700 °C, while the other three crystals record much lower temperatures. The temperature estimates can be regarded as representing the crystallization temperature of plagioclase, and the highest recorded temperature is thought to correspond to the peak temperature of the thermal metamorphism, close to but not exceeding 700 °C. A thermal model of the CK chondrites is proposed on the assumption that thermal metamorphism, with 26Al decay as a heat source, began prior to accretion of the CK parent body. The model explains the homogeneous compositions of olivine and pyroxene in CK chondrites, which are inconsistent with the petrographic type suggested by their grain sizes, and explains the occurrence of silicate darkening in almost all CK chondrites.


Smart chemical sensor based on CMOS(complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor) compatible SOI(silicon on insulator) microheater platform was realized by facilitating ZnO nanowires growth on the small membrane at the relatively low temperature. Our SOI microheater platform can be operated at the very low power consumption with novel metal oxide sensing materials, like ZnO or SnO2 nanostructured materials which demand relatively high sensing temperature. In addition, our sol-gel growth method of ZnO nanowires on the SOI membrane was found to be very effective compared with ink-jetting or CVD growth techniques. These combined techniques give us the possibility of smart chemical sensor technology easily merged into the conventional semiconductor IC application. The physical properties of ZnO nanowire network grown by the solution-based method and its chemical sensing property also were reported in this paper.


Determining correlation between aroused emotion and its manifestation on facial expression, voice, gesture and posture have interesting applications in psychotherapy. A set of audiovisual stimulus, selected by a group of experts, is used to excite emotion of the subjects. EEG and facial expression of the subjects excited by the selected audio-visual stimulus are collected, and the nonlinear-correlation from EEG to facial expression, and vice-versa is obtained by employing feed-forward neural network trained with back-propagation algorithm. Experiments undertaken reveals that the trained network can reproduce the correlated EEG-facial expression trained instances with 100 % accuracy, and is also able to predict facial expression (EEG) from unknown EEG (facial expression) of the same subject with an accuracy of around 95.2%.


This paper deals with a new implementation of the design of a semiconductor phase shifter of the reflective type realized on the basis of a 3-dB directional coupler with a central operating frequency of 2000 MHz. Obtaining the necessary phase shifts at the output is realized by connecting additional microstrip segments using p-i-n-diodes. So, when connecting lengths λ/4, λ /8, λ /16, a phase change at the output of the phase shifter by 180°, 90° and 45° is obtained, respectively. The computer simulation of the phase shifter characteristics is performed in the AWR Design Environment program.


The tasks for digital image processing are important partsof a huge number of areas in modern applied science. Examples of such tasks are the storage, transfer, rendition and analysis of photographic images made by medical equipment, cartographic images, aerospace images, various photos for military purposes, and many others. At the same time, the data obtained from any recording device are processed by software and hardware in order to minimize the volume with an acceptable level of quality loss depending on the functional purpose. In most cases, there is a need to suppress noise, due to the fact that, firstly, it is excessive information that increases the volume of the image, and, secondly, it can reduce the useful properties of the image or even distort the measurement results. In the article we offer designed algorithm of optimal linear modulation for noise suppression in digital image processing. It includes the description of the discrete two-dimensional cosine transformation used in digital images processing in accordance with the JPEG compression standard, frequency and spatial filters, the implementation of filtration in the neighborhood of the elements of the spatial domain and the designed model of noise suppression using optimal linear modulation in the neighborhood. The developed noise suppression algorithm can be applied not only to images in the JPEG standard used discrete Fourier transformations, but also to images in the ICER and JPEG 2000 standards, which use more advanced methods of digital image compression based on modern wavelet transforms. This article has essential practical value. It focuses on the mathematical aspects of highly efficient algorithms for computer digital image processing, digital filtering and noise suppression, software and hardware implementation of which will allowsignificantly increase the rate, accuracy and compression of images.


A combination system of AlCl3–N,N-dimethylaniline was found to cleave benzyl ethers readily to give parent alcohols in excellent yields. The system also cleaved allyl as well as methyl ethers. Numerous functional groups such as benzoyloxy, phenylthio, and olefinic double bond were not affected. Comparisons of AlCl3–N,N-dimethylaniline and AlCl3–anisole were described.


LRP5 is an osteoporosis susceptibility gene. Association analyses reveal that individual single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) determine variation in bone mineral density (BMD) among individuals as well as fracture risk. In a previous study, we identified a lumbar spine BMD‐associated SNP, rs312009, located in the LRP5 5' region. A RUNX2 binding site was identified in this region by gel‐shift experiments. Here we test the functionality of this SNP and examine whether RUNX2 is indeed a regulator of LRP5 expression. Gene reporter assays were used to test rs312009 functionality. Bioinformatic predictive tools and gel‐shift and gene reporter assays were used to identify and characterize additional RUNX2 binding elements in the 3.3‐kb region upstream of LRP5. Allelic differences in the transcriptional activity of rs312009 were observed in two osteoblastic cell lines, the T allele being a better transcriber than the C allele. RUNX2 cotransfection in HeLa cells revealed that the LRP5 5' region responded to RUNX2 in a dose‐dependent manner and that the previously identified RUNX2 binding site participated in this response. Also, RUNX2 inhibition by RNAi led to nearly 60% reduction of endogenous LRP5 mRNA in U‐2 OS cells. Four other RUNX2 binding sites were identified in the 5' region of LRP5. Luciferase experiments revealed the involvement of each of them in the RUNX2 response. The allelic differences observed point to the involvement of rs312009 as a functional SNP in the observed association. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the direct action of RUNX2 on LRP5 has been described. This adds evidence to previously described links between two important bone‐regulating systems: the RUNX2 transcription‐factor cascade and the Wnt signaling pathway. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


Objective To present clinical results of endovascular treatment of total iliac vein occlusions and to discuss the technique details of this treatment. Methods From Feb 2006 to Aug 2010,15 patients with chronic total occlusive lesions of the iliac vein and adjacent vein segments underwent endovascular treatment. Average age was (62 ±7) years (range 35 to 81 years), the male/female ratio was 12: 3. Clinical score of CEAP was grade 3 in 33. 3%, grade 4 in 40%, grade 5 in 13. 3%, and grade 6 in 13.3%. Venography showed left iliac vein was occluded in all 15 patients, common femoral vein was occluded in 14 patients, and superior femoral vein was occluded in 9 patients, however profounder femoral vein was patent in these patients with superior femoral vein being occluded. Results No postoperative major morbidity or mortality was seen. The technique success rate was 93. 3%. Treatment failure was caused in one case for a wrong selection of the femoral vein approach site. The average length of stent was 18. 4 cm.In 12(80. 0% ) stents crossed the inguinal ligament. The average follow-up time was 11.6 ± 2. 4 months.The primary patency rates of the stents at 6 months were 92. 9%. 10 (66. 7% ) patients were asympotomatic, 3(20% )were improved, 1 (6. 7% ) was unchanged, and 1 (6.7%) was worse, compared to before intervention. Conclusions Endovscular recanalization and stent placement is a safe and effective treatment for chronic total occluded iliac veins, with good patency, significant symptom resolution, and minimal morbidity in the short term follow-up.

Key words:
Venous thromboembolism;  Angioplasty, balloon;  Stents