Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel plus oxaliplatine and capecitabine regimen(TOX)versus fluorouracil/lencovorin(LV5FU2)plus oxaliplatin regimen(FOLFOX4)in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Fifty cases with advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in this study,randomly divided into TOX group(26 cases)and FOLOX4 group(24 cases).TOX group was treatecl with docetaxel 35mg/m2,ivqtt,d1,8;oxaliplatin 50mg/m2,ivqtt,d1,8;capecitabine 750mg/m2,po,bid,d1-14.FOLFOX4 group was treated with oxaliplatin 85mg/m2,ivqtt,d1;LV200mg/m2,ivqtt,2hr followed by 5-FU 400mg/m2(bolus)and 5-FU 600mg/m2(22hr-continus infusiond1-2).TOX regimen was repeated every 3 weeks for one cycle.FOLFOX4 regimen was repeated every 2 weeks,4 weeks for one cycle.All patients received two cycles of chemotherapy at least.The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated according to WHO standard.Results:All 50 cases were evaluable for objective response.The overall response rate was 61.5%(3 CR,13 PR)in TOX group of 26 cases and 50.0 %(2 CR,10 PR)in FOLFOX4 group of 24 cases.The median time to proqression(mTTP)was 7.0 months in TOX group and 5.8 months in FOLFLX4 group.The medion survial time(MST)was 12.8 months in TOX group and 10.8 months in FOLFOX4 group.Conclusion:Both of the two regimens were feasible,well tolerated and effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.TOX regimen is more effective and safer than FOLFOX4 regimen with higher mTTP and lower incidence of grade Ⅲ+Ⅳ nausea and vomiting.


In recent years, people have become more dependent on using a screen, whether it be on a computer, a cell phone, or a television set. Studies have shown that exaggerated amounts of technology and internet usage can lead to problems in personal functioning. Studies also show that flow experiences, or experiences in which one achieves a balance between skill and challenge while experiencing a temporary loss of self-consciousness (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975), are positively correlated with mental well-being. This study aims to investigate the influence that screen related hobbies can have on one's well-being by comparing them to non-screen related hobbies. Flow experiences and their influence on well-being are also investigated. It was found that having a non-screen related hobby is beneficial for emotional and social well-being. There was a positive correlation found between flow experiences and emotion and social well-being. Engaging in a non-screen related hobby seems to be beneficial for overall well-being. 2 Submission to Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal in Psychology https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/intuition OPTIMIZING FREE TIME THROUGH FLOW EXPERIENCES 3 In the Zone and Off the Screen: Optimizing Free Time Through Flow Experiences With the modern influx of technology, social media, and screen-based pastimes such as video games and television, people all over the world are changing the way they spend their free time. A recent study showed that this increased use of technology, particularly the internet, has a negative relationship with the well-being of college students with 41.3% on the borderline of pathological use (31 to 40 hours of use a week) and 13% reported deficiencies in personal functioning as a result of their internet use (Maurya, Patel, & Sharma, 2018). In contrast, another study reported that Australian adults with greater engagement in visual arts, performing arts, and literature had significantly better mental well-being than those who did not (Davies, Knuiman, & Rosenberg, 2016). It is clear that the way individuals spend their time has a significant effect on their general well-being. While studies done to this date have put the problem of free time usage into a greater perspective, two things should still be taken into consideration: (1) how particular types of hobbies influence well-being and (2) how flow experiences influence well-being. Flow is the "holistic sensation that people have when they act with total involvement" (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975). It occurs when one achieves a balance between skill and challenge while experiencing a temporary loss of self-consciousness (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975). In other words, flow is when a person is "in the zone." In a study examining knitting frequency and enjoyment among knitters around the world, researchers found that the knitters experienced increased happiness, calmness, and cognitive activity when they achieved a flow experience (Riley, Corkhill, & Morris, 2013). Positive leisure motivation has also been shown to be correlated with a decrease in delinquency in high school students (Agnew & Peterson, 1989) and recovery from mental illnesses in adults 3 Toth: Optimizing free time through flow experiences Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, OPTIMIZING FREE TIME THROUGH FLOW EXPERIENCES 4 (Lloyd, King, McCarthy, & Scanlan, 2007). This suggests that flow experiences can have positive effects on one's well-being, yet further examination is required. The purpose of this study is to investigate if different types of hobbies (leisure activities and pastimes) affect physical, emotional, and social well-being in adults. The role that flow experiences play in well-being will also be examined. It is hypothesized that non-screen related hobbies will produce more flow experiences and will have a greater positive effect on all-around well-being. It is also hypothesized that greater flow experiences will be correlated with better allaround well-being. The goal of the study is to provide a greater understanding of the influence particular hobbies can have on adults' lives. This understanding will provide greater direction as to how one can most wisely spend their time. This will in turn improve the well-being of adults and, ideally, their posterities. Method Participants Participants were 97 (20 male and 77 female) English-speaking adults in the United States. Participant's median age was 28. They identified themselves as White (94.8%), American Indian or Alaskan Native (1%), Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (1%), Hispanic or Latino (1%), and Other (2.1%). Participation in this study took place on a voluntary basis. No compensation was offered. Participants were recruited through Facebook. Materials The following instruments were used: first, Schwartz and Waterman's (2006) Flow Experiences Scale (=.70), which includes a 7-point Likert scale ranging from "not at all characteristic of me" to "very characteristic of me"; second, Jiang's (2017) Emotional WellBeing Scale (=.76), a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "all the time" to "none of the time," in 4 Submission to Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal in Psychology https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/intuition OPTIMIZING FREE TIME THROUGH FLOW EXPERIENCES 5 which higher scores indicate better emotional well-being; third, Robins, Hendin, and Trzesniewski's (2001) Physical Well-being Measures, a two-item measure which asks about current health and frequency of doctor visits; lastly, the Social Success Measure (=.87), authored by Pea et al. (2012), which includes a 6-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." Procedure Participants were asked to specify if they had a hobby, to what extent they were involved in that hobby, and what type of hobby it would categorize as. They then completed a survey comprised of the previously described instruments. Results Flow scores ranged from 8 to 36, with a lower score indicating a better flow experience. The mean flow score of 18.14 suggests that participants as a whole demonstrated greater propensity to have a flow experience. Emotional well-being scores ranged from 4 to 16 with a mean of 8.62. Lower emotional well-being scores indicate better emotional well-being. Social well-being scores ranged from 8 to 42 with a mean of 20.85. Lower social well-being scores indicate better social well-being. Physical well-being scores ranged from 2 to 10 with a mean of 5.27. Lower physical well-being scores indicate better physical well-being. It was hypothesized that greater flow scores would be positively correlated with emotional, social, and physical well-being. To investigate this hypothesis, several correlations were conducted. Results indicated that there is a slight positive correlation between flow and emotional well-being (r = .245) and flow and social well-being (r = .262). There was no correlation between flow and physical well-being. 5 Toth: Optimizing free time through flow experiences Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, OPTIMIZING FREE TIME THROUGH FLOW EXPERIENCES 6 It was also hypothesized that non-screen related hobbies would have a positive effect on physical, social, and emotional well-being. Four separate ANOVAs were conducted (see Figure 1). The first, which compared the means of types of hobbies with the mean of emotional health, was not significant, F(2, 94) = 7.269, p < .05,  = .06. There was no significant difference in the emotional health between those with screen related hobbies, those with non-screen related hobbies, and those with no hobby. However, an independent t-test was done comparing only the means of screen related hobbies and non-screen related hobbies, which proved to be significant, t(96) = -2.032, p < .05, d = .81, CI95 = [-3.27, -.04]. Those who participate in non-screen related hobbies (M = 8.49, s = 1.96) have significantly better emotional well-being than those who participate in screen related hobbies (M = 10.14, s = 3.24). The second ANOVA compared the means of types of hobbies and social well-being. The results were significant, F(2, 94) = 4.153, p < .05,  = .06. Through a Tukey HSD post hoc test, it was found that there were significant differences between non-screen related hobbies (M = 20.26, s = 6.91) and no hobbies (M = 30.00, s = 4.14). It can be concluded that having a nonscreen related hobby is more beneficial for one's social well-being than not having a hobby, but having a screen related hobby (M = 22.86, s = 5.64) is not statistically more beneficial than not having hobby at all. The third ANOVA compared the means of types of hobbies and physical well-being. The results were not significant, F(2, 94) = .192, p < .05,  = .01. There were no differences between the physical well-being of those who participated in non-screen related hobbies (M = 5.23, s = 2.03), those who participated in screen related hobbies (M = 5.71, s = 1.70), and those who do not have a hobby (M = 5.25, s = .50). 6 Submission to Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal in Psychology https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/intuition OPTIMIZING FREE TIME THROUGH FLOW EXPERIENCES 7 The fourth ANOVA compared the means of types of hobbies and flow scores. The results were significant, F(2, 94) = 7.296, p < .05,  = .11. A Tukey HSD post hoc test revealed that there were significant differences between the means of screen related hobbies (M = 19.00, s = 5.16) and no hobby (M = 28.00, s = 6.98) and between non-screen related hobbies (M = 17.62, s = 5.29) and no hobby. There was no significant difference between non-screen hobbies and screen hobbies. Discussion The goal of this study was to determine if non-screen related hobbies are better for emotional, social, and physical well-being. It was hypothesized, based on past studies, that screen related hobbies would have a negative effect on well-being. Another purpose of the study was to observe the effect that flow experiences have on well-being. It was hypothesized that flow would have


We give an example of a computational problem for which no RAM (random access machine) can ensure a non-trivial garbage collection though a large amount of used memory can be in principle freed starting from some time moment. This example is of theoretical nature and means only that there can be no universal algorithm for "sufficiently good" real-time garbage collection applicable in all situations.


Low serum B12 (sB12) is prevalent in Latin America. This randomized controlled trial assessed functional significance of low sB12 from response to supplementation of women aged 18–59 in rural Querétaro. Subjects were assigned to B12 (1 dose 1 mg i.m. + 500 ug/d oral, 3 mo, n=70) or placebo (n=62). Measures at baseline and 3 mo were CBC; sB12, holotranscobalamin (TC), folate, MMA; tHcy; DNA methylation, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). At baseline 10% were B12 deficient (sB12 <150 pmol/L) and 21% marginal (150–220 pmol/L). TC was low (<35 pmol/L) in 22% and correlated with sB12 (r=0.7, P<0.001). MMA >270 nmol/L and tHcy>12μmol/L occurred in 17% and 35%, and correlated with sB12 (r= −0.28, P<0.0007, and r=−0.20, P<0.01) indicating functional deficiency. Supplementation sig. increased sB12 by 384 pmol/L and holoTC by 80 pmol/L, lowered MMA by 55 nmol/L and tHcy by 1.3 μmol/L, but had no sig. effect on hematology, BAP or DNA. Defining responders to B12 as above the placebo group's regression line for sB12 and TC or below for MMA and tHcy, 79% responded in sB12, 70% TC, 17% MMA, 15% tHcy, 46% in sB12 + TC, but only 1% in all 4 measures. Greater response in SB12 was predicted by higher baseline tHcy and lower gastrin; in TC by younger age and lower gastrin; BAP by higher MMA; tHcy by no baseline variable. Functional B12 deficiency was confirmed but variable response of B12 status markers complicates evaluation of intervention efficacy. UCMexus & USDA.


This article aims at introducing to a wider circle a complementary research approach in user oriented work. Its most fundamental part is the use of technology as a tool for capturing the needs, wishes and dreams of a user.

The incitement for us to start developing this method was an experience based, serious, questioning of conventional methods such as interviews, questionnaires, etc, and their capability of revealing user requirements without the users and the researchers being familiar with the technology in question.

Mental models developed through iterative prototyping is a key factor in our approach. We consider it necessary to focus on the mental models of the user as well as of the researcher, and on the interference between these models. Unless they produce similar predictions and observable results, their value is limited.


important in training handicapped children for productive careers in society. It is also the set of skills most important for normal children. This does mean that to some extent I neglect the full range of psychological studies of concept formation in handicapped children. I am excluding the many studies on operant conditioning, reinforcement schedules, paired-associate learning and the like, especially in mentally retarded children. It is possible to make a case that these studies fall within the general area of cognition, but it is also reasonable to exclude them, and I have done so here. There have been a great many studies in the general area I am excluding, and the interested reader will find it easy to get into that literature from some of the survey references given below. I have divided the article into three main parts, treating first problems of language and language development, second, concept formation and abstraction, and third, elementary mathematical skills. As might be expected, the literature on language development, for example, is larger by an order of magnitude than the literature on the development of mathematical skills. I have made some effort to locate studies dealing with mathematical skills, but it will be clear to the


8-Hydroxyquinoline (8Hq) is known to efficiently inhibit the corrosion of aluminium by forming metal–organic layers (8Hq forms complexes with aluminium atoms).


The rheological properties of a viscoelastic material are measured by enclosing a sample of the material between two die members which have protrusions extending therefrom and intermeshing to form shear zones therebetween. The sample is sheared by displacing one member with respect to the other and the displacement force is measured. A die is provided for the test, and means to bias the die members toward each other, to seal them together, to move one member with respect to the other and to measure the force required for such movement are provided.


It is found that when the average kinetic energies of normal velocity components in decaying, grid-generated turbulence are equilibrated by a symmetric contraction of the wind tunnel, this equality can persist downstream. A second result is further confirmation of the fact that the best power-law fit to the inverse turbulent energy during the early part of decay is near (x–x1)1·25, for both rod grids and disk grids. The Kolmogorov decay law $\sim (t - t_1)^{\frac{10}{7}}$ is re-derived by a spectral method which is essentially equivalent to the original. Finally, a crude theoretical estimate of component energies in the straight duct after a weak contraction seems to support the experiments.


This article examines wage developments in Romania over the last 20 years, discusses the evolving role of government wage policy and structural labour market changes, and analyses the dynamics of the wage determination process. It finds that government wage policy has had a significant demonstration effect on private sector wages, driven mainly by policy decisions over the past few years. The article also finds strong causality from private sector wages to wages in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and government. No causality was found for changes in government wages to wages in SOEs or from SOE wages to private sector wages.


"Translationese" refers to the unique structural characteristics of translated text compared to text originally written in a given language, a result of compromises made by translators between fidelity and fluency in source and target languages. We examine the effect of translationese on machine translation in three contexts—a phrase-based statistical system, a neural model, and an unsupervised phrase-based system—in translations from a variety of languages to English. We find that regardless of language and system, models trained on target corpora translated from the source language outperform models trained on original target-language corpora, with especially strong improvements in the case of a low-resource language.


Let L c S3 be a fixed link. It is sbuwn that there exists an upper bound on the Heegaard genus of any manifold obtained by surgery on L. The tunnel number of L, T(L), is defined and used as an upper bound. If K' is a double of the knot K, it is shuwn that T(K') < T(K) + I. If M is a manifold obtained by surgery on a cable link about K which has n ccmponents, it is shown that the Heegaard genus of M is at most T(K) + n + i. 1980 ICS SLJECT CLASSIFICATI( CODES. Primary 57M25, 57NI0. KEY 3RDS AND PHRASES. Links, Krts, Heegaard genus, 3-manifold. Lickorish in [5 demonstrated that all ccapact Oonnected orientable 3-manifolds without boundary could be represented as a result of surgery on a link in S3. Since then, considerable wrk has been done on the so-called closed 3-manifolds by studying various knots and links in S3.


An action research project developed and implemented a program to improve student social skills. The targeted population consisted of students in fourth grade, sixth grade, and special education classrooms (n=46) in three different school districts. Income levels varied among school districts. Targeted behaviors included fighting, defiance, being off-task, and other disruptions. An examination of probable causes for this lack of social skills revealed that societal influences did not encourage positive character development. Poor peer relationships kept students from making intelligent choices. There was also a lack of consistency and expectations to develop these skills in the different environmental settings in which the students lived. After observing classroom behaviors and reviewing professional literature, a decision was made to select three interventions. The researchers developed and implemented a series of lessons focusing on different character traits. Outside speakers visited and encouraged the students to recognize the importance of these character traits. Results of post-intervention data indicated that direct instruction and reinforcement of positive character traits lowered incidences of fighting, defiance, off-task behaviors, and other distractions to their learning. Peer relationships also improved, but students still lacked in respecting others, and more work is needed in this area. (Contains a table, 3 figures, and 22 references. Seven appendixes include a character education survey, behavior checklist, and student activities.) (Author/BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Manual headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas
chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used for the qualitative analysis
of the aromas of several tropical fruits from Indonesia i.e. two different cultivars of roselle
pomace (Hibiscus sabdariffa purple and red cultivar. Pomace was used as samples as a
part of valorization application of agroindustry by-product. The analytes identified
included aroma compounds that can be derived from several aroma precursors. A total of
16 major volatile compounds were identified from purple roselle pomace, whereas 11
major volatile compounds were identified from red roselle pomace using HS-SPME. The
major free volatile compounds were dominantly derived from fatty acid compounds. PCA
analysis showed the difference in the aroma profile of two different cultivars of pomace
based on the cultivar. PC1 can differentiate 86.4% between two roselle pomace cultivar
whereas PC2 can differentiate 9.4% between two roselle pomace cultivar. This study also
provides the map for free volatile compounds of pomace in two different roselle cultivars.


The opposite of command and control is a genuine learning partnership, one that requires of students and teachers a level of shared responsiveness that goes against the traditional hierarchy of school, Mr. Fried reminds us. Such mutuality will be critical to the emergence of learner-centered schools in the future. EVERY CHILD is a passionate learner. Children come into the world with a desire to learn that is as natural as is the desire to eat and move and be loved. Their hunger for knowledge, for skills, for the feeling of mastery is as strong as any other appetite. They learn an amazing variety of things in the years before they enter school, including, miraculously, how to talk fluently in their native language. And they continue learning at a terrifically high rate throughout their childhoods. We are less likely to see this same passion when we look at children in school. Something happens to a child when "learning" is replaced by "schooling." It doesn't happen all at once. The excitement of the kindergarten or first-grade classroom begins to dissipate by third or fourth grade. Of course, some children do hold on to a dynamic interest in learning as they mature as students, while others get enough support at home for their individual passions for learning - in music, hobbies, books, or sports - so that they more easily contend with their disappointments with school-based learning. But despite the devoted efforts of tens of thousands of individual teachers who promote and celebrate intense and purposeful learning by students of every stripe and circumstance, too many who enter formal schooling feel the passionate learning impulses of their early years diminish, often with dire effects. Something in the culture of the school undermines a child's inherent belief that she or he is a "natural-born learner." A few years ago, in an elementary school in Hartford, Connecticut, I asked a group of third-graders to tell me the most important things they were learning in school. They said, "Don't run in the halls," "No pushing or fighting," "Don't throw stuff on the floor." I agreed with them that these were, indeed, important things, and I wrote them on the board under the heading "Good Behavior." But next to that I wrote "Good Learning" and asked them what important things they felt they needed to learn. After a few moments, two children raised their hands. One said, "To listen to the teacher." The other said, "To be good." Already, as third-graders, learning had become a dichotomy of "good children" and "bad children." Good children listen to their teacher; bad children don't. Thus far in their lives, these urban third-graders still considered it good to be good. For many of their older brothers and sisters, it has already become cool to be bad. Once they encounter formal schooling, many children become disenfranchised as learners and victims of traditional school culture. These children include: * independent-minded, strong-willed, high-energy, creative-thinking youngsters who resist the regimentation and boredom they find in many classrooms; * children who like to learn through physical movement or hands-on application or those who need the steady presence of an adult role model; * those with intense emotional needs or with learning disabilities or those who crave more individual attention than they are likely to receive; and * those in the middle of the academic range, whose learning potential is often ignored because, while they present few problems for the teacher, they do not impress us as especially "bright" or "gifted." A high percentage of children from poor and working-class families, students from under-resourced neighborhoods, acquire the distinct impression as they move up through the grades that "success" in school is meant for other people, not for them. This is particularly true for those who do not come from families that emphasize reading and writing and that have a habit of discussing issues and ideas. …


A complete set of robot control systems based on CAN is designed to improve the reliability,realtime capability and expansibility of the existing teleportation reconnaissance robot in author's laboratory.The system consists of one master node and multiple slave nodes,these nodes are connected by CAN.By this way, the goal to modularize all parts of the robot can be achieved.The control architecture of robot is given,and the CAN communication circuit and software of manipulator control module are also illustrated.The control system has been successfully applied in the existing reconnaissance robot.The robot is able to complete the tasks that site environment reconnaissance and emergency management,which is fully demonstrated in practical engineering applications.


We consider the problem of distributing video data from one sender to a population of interested clients. Deploying an overlay network with an application-layer multicast, we propose a scalable forward-error-correction-based, multiple-description coding packetization scheme to achieve optimal performance for each client


Breakdown of cortical granules was investigated by microinjecting Ca-EGTA buffers at various concentrations of Ca2+, inositol 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate (IP3), guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine 5' -O- thiotriphosphate (GTPγS) into echinoderm (Clypeaster japonicus, Temnopleurus hardwicki, and Scaphechinus mirabilis) eggs using a video microscope. The breakdown started in the region near the injection site and then propagated over the entire surface of the egg. The cortical granules did not synchronously break down side by side, but instead underwent random breakdown, in the same manner as that upon fertilization. The reaction times of the breakdown of the cortical granule after the injection of Ca-EGTA buffers, IP3, and GTPγS were 0.4 sec, 1.0 sec, and 2.7 sec, respectively, in C. japonicus eggs, and were in the same order in T. hardwicki and S. mirabilis eggs. It is inferred from this order of reaction times that GTP-binding proteins, IP3 and Ca2+ act in this sequence upon fertilization in echinoderm eggs.


In 1967, Robert T. Blackburn stated that "the general education movement is dead."1 Six years later, however, such writers as Earl McGrath were calling for a revival of general education in order to meet the needs of a diversified society, and Lester Anderson was urging institutions to examine their philosophical bases and, what ever their liberal-vocational emphasis, to commit themselves to a general education that is both knowledge-based and value-laden.2 Even earlier, in 1970, Stanley Ikenberry wrote that, although the last major work on general education had been Daniel Bell's Re forming of General Education (1968), an emerging "third period" in the twentieth-century evolution of higher education was about to reshape general education programs.3 Thus the movement, refusing to die, showed signs of new vitality in the 1970s. Recently its vigor appears to have further increased. The past decade has seen widely recognized changes in American higher education: the expansion of participation, and by students with more divergent interests and aptitudes; the ascendance of voca tional programs and goals; the burgeoning of community colleges; and the increase in the public accountability of both public and pri vate institutions. Concurrent with these developments, the under graduate curriculum has changed in form and emphasis. As the lit erature on higher education shows, interest in the curriculum has increased incrementally, especially since Harvard's highly publi cized reintroduction of a "common core" in 1978.4 Anxiety over the state of the curriculum was also raised by a much-quoted Carnegie Foundation report that described general education as a "disaster area."5 Lawrence Veysey, however, maintains that to lament a "crisis in the curriculum" is mislead ing if that term means a precipitous change from a stable tradi tional state; those who perceive the situation in that way have only a sparse knowledge of the educational history before 1960. Faculty members and administrators have "sadly little awareness that just about every general philosophical position they may proclaim and


The use of a phase change materials (PCMs) is a very promising technology for thermal energy storage where it can absorb and release a large amount of latent heat during the phase transition process. The issues that have restricted the use of latent heat storage include the thermal stability of the storage materials and the limitation of the container size. The study of the influence of thermal cycling on the properties of PCMs, such as melting temperature and latent heat, is important. It is found that the paraffin wax and fatty acids (e.g., lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) have good thermal stability and can be used for solar thermal energy storage applications. However, Calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2. 6H2O) is a good PCM in building applications.


The paper presents the results of the research of professionally important qualities (PIQ) in the context of conceptual model of self-regulation developed founding on the cases of shooting sports and flight activity.


Objective
To analyze the potential risk factors for lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed on 150 patients who underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2016 to December 2017. The patient′s medical records and postoperative pathological data were recorded. Age, sex, lesion location, and tumor differentiation were analyzed. Risk factors related to lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma, such as tumor infiltration depth and tumor length (long tumor diameter), were identified using single factor χ2 test and Logistic multivariate analysis.

Results
Among 150 patients with esophageal cancer, 60 had lymph node metastasis, and the positive rate was 40%. Univariate χ2 test showed that lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor length (χ2=16.928, P 0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation and tumor length were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion
Tumor differentiation and lesion length are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer. Lymph node dissection and postoperative treatment should be comprehensively evaluated according to lymph node metastasis status.

Key words:
Esophageal cancer; Lymph node metastasis; Risk factors


What happens when a hybrid criminal tribunal seeks to prosecute an accused for murder and torture as domestic crimes together with murder and torture as crimes against humanity/grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions (1949) based on the same facts? In the present decision, the Pre-Trial Chamber of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia considered this situation in detail for the first time in international criminal law. Drawing inspiration from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, it purported to apply the well-known Delalic/Celibici test for cumulative convictions. However, its understanding of the elements of the relevant international crimes and of the test itself leaves much to be desired. While the method employed by the Pre-Trial Chamber may be viewed as an example of what to do in such circumstances, it should not be viewed as an example of how to do so. Nevertheless, the decision could be influential in the domestic prosecution of international and national crimes arising from the same factual matrix. It may also be useful for the International Criminal Court should it ever seek an accused who has already faced a national trial for domestic offences alone and in its complementarity (unwilling or unable) analysis for admissibility purposes.


Spatial distribution of chemical species in flame is a important indicator understanding the flame structure and combustion characteristics, and optical emission spectroscopy has been widely used for the measurement because of its simple and non-intrusive methodology. In this study, we suggest the feasibility of the measurement of chemical species (OH radical) distribution in rocket plume using optical emission spectrometer which was developed for the spatially resolved measurement along the line-of-sight. In order to predict the ground state concentration of species from the measured emission intensity by optical emission spectrometer, we consider thermal and chemical excitation mechanisms in flame, and assume thermodynamic equilibrium for the thermally excited species. We also present the spatial resolution and the correction of collection characteristics of the optical emission spectrometer depending on object distance.


The Fiber optic sensor is a new-type sensor that has been developed in recent years. An optical fiber sensor is characterized by light weight, small volume, high sensitive, anticorrosion, against electric-magnetic wave, wide transmission frequency band and could be designed in distributed way, which the other sensors do not have. So it is suitable for the health monitoring in a long period. Utilizing the traditional sensors such as thermometer, thermoelectric coupling which would restrict the accuracy and precision of the gathered data. Seeking for one kind of high accuracy temperature detection means has already become the premise of the on-the-spot structure monitoring. This paper presents a case study of the application of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in basic concrete temperature monitoring of a mat foundation construction of a tall building. According to the temperature monitoring results, a more severe isolation method is proposed during the curing period of the mat foundation, preventing the formation of the temperature cracks in the mat.


In this paper, we study the tradeoff of efficiency and delay of Slepian-Wolf distributed source coding (DSC). In the considered network, Machine-Type Communications (MTC) devices transmit correlated data to one base station, the data sources follow a multi-variate Gaussian distribution. To reduce the consumption of communication resources by massive MTC devices, Slepian-Wolf coding is adopted to eliminate the redundancy in uplink transmission. Each device encodes separately and the base station decodes all the data with the aid of encoded data from other devices. The scheme that messages of MTC devices are sequentially encoded is considered. Since the decoders have to decode the messages in the same order as they are encoded, the average decoding delay will increase. We analyze the relationship between delay and the number of devices in one Slepian-Wolf coding cluster. To reduce the average delay, a network model where MTC devices are separated into grids is built, devices in the same grids will form a cluster and encode their messages with sequential Slepian-Wolf coding. An evaluation indicator combining efficiency and delay is defined and then analyzed in numerical simulations under different settings of griding granularity and correlation degree.


Elster contrasts two distinct and frequently opposing social science traditions. One was fostered by Adam Smith and is carried forward today by neoclassical economists and rational-choice theorists in political science. It views humans as "economic men," that is, as motivated by egoistic material concerns. The other tradition has its roots in the work of the French sociologist Emile Durkheim, provides the basis for much contemporary sociology and has adherents among political scientists, particularly political culture theorists such as Eckstein (1988). It views humans as social creatures, having duty-based and other obligations to their fellows. "Sociological man's" activity is thus constrained by shared social (cultural) norms. Elster is skeptical that these cultural norms generally realize individual self-interest as this is understood in the rational-choice tradition. Indeed, elsewhere he distinguishes "economic man" rationality and "nonra-tional" cultural norms even more sharply than he does in this chapter (Elster 1989b). Overall, Elster holds that, for the most part, cultural norms neither arise from rationality, as neoclassical economists understand it, nor do they serve it.


gation of parental characters in allopolyploid Aquilegia showed that flower color segregated while other characters did not. This segregation was assumed to result from heterogenetic pairing of chromosomes since about one to two quadrivalents per cell were observed. Segregation in an allopolyploid of Bromus ciliatus x B. laevipes also reflected a high amount of multivalent pairing ( JAKOB 1952). However, segregation ratios may not always depend on multivalent formation since DAWSON (1941) observed almost exclusively bivalent associations in Lotus corniculatus, yet obtained tetrasomic 5: 1 ratios for the inheritance of cyanogenesis. In allopolyploids of Elymus glaucus x Sitanion spp., STEBBINS and VAARAMA (1954) found only a small amount of segregation for parental characters that differentiated the species, yet the mean number of multivalents ranged from four to five multivalents per sporocyte. In explanation, the genome formula was assumed to be A,A,A,A,E, E,E,E, with the multivalents involving chiefly the A, genomes; the small amount of segregation was ascribed to rarity of pairing of the E genomes which carried the factors distinguishing the species. A correlation of cytological behavior with genetic segregation was attempted by FAGERLIND (1937) in allotetraploid Galium Mollugo x uerum. He established certain formulae which related interand intraspecific bivalent and multivalent syndesis to the amount of genetic segregation in self ed allopolyploids. In cotton breeding work it is often desirable to transfer certain genes from wild species to cultivated cottons by means of interspecific crosses. The problem, however, is not simple since the cultivated New World cottons (n=26) are allopolyploids while the wild cottons are diploids (n=13). In synthetic amphiploids from these species the amount of segregation should be related to the extent of homogenetic and heterogenetic pairing ( WADDINGTON 1939). If pairing is completely homogenetic, only bivalents are formed from homologues and there would be no segregation of genes differentiating the parental species; consequently, transfer of genes would not be possible. However, if pairing is heterogenetic, segregation THE in only a few polyploid hybrids. A study by SKALINSKA in 1935 on the segre-


Network Administration provides the access to administrative controls over the issues like unsecured authorization present in networking applications i.e. it deals with all related issues. This document gives Radio Frequency Identification and Detection(RFID) based network application, which is accessed remotely from the administrator's system to all system present in its network via client-server application architecture. The application allows administrator to control remotely by TCP/IP Socket Programming. Duties of client and server systems are distributed as server application listen and run on remote computer while client provides the interface to access application on remote computer.This application provides Administration remotely that's why it is termed as Remote Administration Program Interface(RAPI).


A calorimetric vacuum emissometer (CVE) capable of measuring total hemispherical emittance of surfaces at elevated temperatures was designed, built, and tested. Several materials with a wide range of emittances were measured in the CVE between 773 to 923 K. These results were compared to values calculated from spectral emittance curves measured in a room temperature Hohlraum reflectometer and in an open-air elevated temperature emissometer. The results differed by as much as 0.2 for some materials but were in closer agreement for the more highly-emitting, diffuse-reflecting samples. The differences were attributed to temperature, atmospheric, and directional effects, and errors in the Hohlraum and emissometer measurements ({+-} 5 percent). The probable error of the CVE measurements was typically less than 1 percent.


Abstract Three experiments were conducted with growing chicks (1) to determine the optimum level of chloride necessary for the bioassay of protein quality of fish meals as the sole source of dietary protein, (2) to study the interrelation of high levels of sodium and potassium with the level of chloride and sulfate, and (3) to determine the effect of these ionic changes on the pH of the contents in different portion s of the intestines. The results indicate that fish meals when fed as sole source protein to chicks require very low dietary supplements of chloride or none at all to maximize growth. High levels of chloride in dietary mineral mixtures depress chick growth and can be overcome by increasing the sodium level. The growth depression due to high chloride level is aggravated if the sodium content is low and the potassium is high. A balance between dietary sodium and potassium levels must be maintained and also between these cations and the chloride content. No relationship was observed between the growth responses and the pH's of the intestinal contents of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Evidently other factors are involved in the growth depression due to excessive dietary chloride level.


A method ( 10 ) and system ( 30 or 200 ) for delaying a push to connect channel establishment ( 38 ) in a mobile device ( 22 ) includes a first transceiver ( 32 ) having an optional streaming data channel ( 34 ) established, a second transceiver ( 33 ) for establishing the push to connect channel establishment, and a processor ( 39 ) operatively coupled to the first and second transceivers. The processor can be programmed to delay ( 14 ) the push to connect channel establishment upon initiation of a push-to-connect request signal ( 35 ), halt ( 16 ) the streaming data channel ( 36 ), and establish ( 19 ) the push to connect channel. The processor can further add ( 18 ) a synchronous connection (SCO) ( 37 ) before establishing the push to connect channel and after halting the streaming data channel. The streaming data channel can be an asynchronous stereo connection using A2DP and the synchronous connection can be a synchronous connection using a hands-free audio profile (HFP).


Objectives of cross-sectional survey research were to determine knowledge, risk behaviors, association of risk behavior with health status, and to study health status of rice farmers. Sample size was performed among rice farmers 233 persons from 6 villages in Kamcha-e district, Mukdahan province. Questionnaires were performed to collect data within the last 12 months. The results showed that rice farmers had correct knowledge in high level (84.1%), and health risk behaviors included no put on personal protective equipments in all activities, used hand hold seed rice (74.6%), and put on boots shoes (sometime 54.5%), repeated forward bending (frequently 46.4% and all time 44.6%), used hand or wrist for a long time (sometime 45.5% and every time 43.8%), drank during work (every time add sometime 32.6%), etc. The factors associated with rice farmer's health status were low back pain from culture young rice 6.35 times more than no this activity (95% CI=2.09-19.29, p–value=0.001), and low back pain from weed-pulling process 5.56 times more than no this activity (95% CI=1.75-17.62, p–value=0.003). The rice farmer's health affected from plough trucks including diesel fume 89.7%, vibration 87.9%, and loud noise 87.5, grain dust allergic 48.5%. The musculoskeletal disorder occurred from carrying heavy seed containers 90.1, incorrect postures 95.7%. The injury occurred from grass cut hands 45.9%, hand pain from rice harvesting 91.8% and hand pain from rice harvest cutter 51.3%. The musculoskelatal disorders occurred in rice-harvesting 87.1%, culture young rice 79.8%, weed-pulling 74.3%, land-preparing 59.5%, seed scattering 55.8%, and collect grain 43.4%. The musculoskeletal disorders and injury among rice farmer occurred from risk behaviors and factors. So, further research should design appropriate intervention to improve the problems. Keyword: dietary  patterns , leisure-time activity, early adolescent


Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity across diverse domains involving text generation, summarization, and various natural language processing tasks. Despite their inherent limitations, LLM-based designs have shown promising capabilities in planning and navigating open-world scenarios. This paper introduces a novel application of pre-trained LLMs as agents within cybersecurity network environments, focusing on their utility for sequential decision-making processes. We present an approach wherein pre-trained LLMs are leveraged as attacking agents in two reinforcement learning environments. Our proposed agents demonstrate similar or better performance against state-of-the-art agents trained for thousands of episodes in most scenarios and configurations. In addition, the best LLM agents perform similarly to human testers of the environment without any additional training process. This design highlights the potential of LLMs to efficiently address complex decision-making tasks within cybersecurity. Furthermore, we introduce a new network security environment named NetSecGame. The environment is designed to eventually support complex multi-agent scenarios within the network security domain. The proposed environment mimics real network attacks and is designed to be highly modular and adaptable for various scenarios.


Objective To search a kind of method to solve the recrudescence and the scar hyperplasia after the epicanthoplasty.Methods Canthoplasties were performed by cutting canthus in "Z-shape" to correct the arrange of skin with epicanthus and fix the orbiculsris oculi muscle and derma of the epicanthus on the medial cantho-ligament to rebuilt a new medial cantho with natural anatomic structure. Results From 2001.8 to 2004.1, we had performed 125 epicanthop lasties. Satisfactory results were obtained. After 12 months following up, we find the rebuiled canthus with natural contour were obtained with no recrudescence and scars, there was tumescence around the scar line after taking out the stitches at 1 week postoperatively, the tumescence was the most obvious at 1 month postoperatively, the scar and tumescence were diapeared at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion By fixing of orbiculsris oculi muscle and derma of the medial canthus with canthal ligament, the newly-built canthus had the natural anatomic structure, and there was no recrudescence and scars.


An overview is provided on the occurrence of the glaciers in the Eastern Alps of Austria and on the climatic conditions in this area. Historical documents on the glaciers have been available since the Middle Ages. Special glaciological observations and topographic surveys of individual glaciers were initiated as early as 1846. Recent data in an inventory based on aerial photographs taken in 1969 show 925 glaciers in the Austrian Alps with a total area of 542 square kilometers. Present research topics include studies of mass and energy balance, relations of glaciers and climate, physical glaciology, a complete inventory of the glaciers, and testing of remote sensing methods. The location of the glacier areas is shown on Landsat multispectral scanner images; the improved capabilities of the Landsat thematic mapper are illustrated with an example from the Ötztaler Alpen group.


. This study is an endeavour to establish the factors that affect the portfolio investment in Pakistan. Portfolio investment is one of the main components of private investment. Portfolio investment is helpful to fill the gap between savings and investment in Pakistan. Time-series annual data have been taken for the period 1981-2012. This study employs Autoregressive Model of partial adjustment with least-square method. Net Portfolio Investment (NPI) has been taken as dependent variable whereas market capitalization, weighted average rate of return on deposit, trade openness, broad money (M 2 ), one period lagged dependent variable and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have been taken as independent variables. The study concludes that FDI has negative impact on NPI while all other variables are positively related to NPI. The Government of Pakistan should defend its financial sector from terrorism and its effects.


Immune defects in children have been shown to have profound effects on oral tissues. (Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS], 2002, 2005). Oral lesions are among the earliest and most common clinical sign of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), are important indicators and can predict progression of HIV infection. A number of studies have shown that oral lesions are common in HIV infected patients. Knowledge and awareness of the signs and symptoms, of oral lesions that may be indicative of the patients' HIV status will assist in instituting the appropriate careful steps of management at an early stage for better prognosis. (Chadwick & Yogev, 1995; Eldridge & Gallagher, 2000; Fowler et al., 2000; Gray & McIntyre, 1999; RamosGomez, 1997; Sullivan, 2003; Working Group on Mother To Child Transmission of HIV, 1995). A thorough understanding of these lesions has implications for all health care professionals. HIV progression is faster and more severe in children, due to the immaturity of the immune system. Most children born with HIV infection are symptomatic at birth, however time between birth and initial symptoms and signs varies considerably. The median age of paediatric patients at the time of an AIDS diagnosis is 12 months with oral manifestations often the first sign of infection in approximately half of all infected children. (Magalhaes et al, 2001; Ramos-Gomez, 1997, Ramos-Gomez et al., 2000; Rosemberg & Faucias 1994). Most children will develop one or more oral manifestation of HIV infection during the course of the disease, similar to that seen in adults. (Leao et al., 2009; UNAIDS 2002, 2004). AIDS has emerged as the seventh leading cause of death among infants and children in the United States of America (USA), and a leading cause of death among minority groups and in low income countries (LINCs). (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 1993; Ramos-Gomez et al., 2000; UNAIDS, 2009) Majority of paediatric HIV infections are the result of Mother To Child Transmission (MTCT). The increasing proportion of infected children achieving adulthood highlights the need for multidisciplinary approach to management and thus facilitates transition to adult care while maintaining strategies specific for mother to child acquired infections. (Giaquinto et al, 2010; Massarente et al 2011; Swendeman et al, 2009).


Approximately 300 blue whales from the Northeastern Pacific migrate to the Gulf of California during winter, were they feed, breed and nurse their calves, therefore this area offers an ideal scenario to study their behavior. In this study we used the focal animal sampling method to record the superficial and diving behavior of individual blue whales and their interactions with whale-watching boats (WWB) in the region of Loreto during February and March between 2009 and 2011. The focal animals were followed at a distance >100 m, they were identified and measured using the photo-sequence method and observations of their activities and diving time were recorded with a HP 95LX Palmtop computer connected to a GPS. We obtained a total of 63 focal animal samples from 41 different individuals (21 females, 9 lactating females, 10 males and 2 undetermined). Focal animals were tracked 122 h without WWB and 309 h with (treatment) and without (control: before and after the interactions with boats) WWB. Preliminary results demonstrate that males (362s ± 233s) dive for longer time periods than females (307s ± 196s), the latter could be related with the different energetic requirements of each sex. In both sexes a reduction in the diving time was recorded during the treatment (Males: 325s ± 219s, Females: 265s ± 164s), in contrast with the control (Males: 410.9s ± 219s, Females: 315.9 ± 190s). We preliminary conclude that diving time is a good indicator for monitoring the effects of WWB in blue whale behavior. Although it is necessary to continue monitoring these interactions to verify their effect, we suggest regulating the WWB activities to a maximum of two WWB per whale.


The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons (C2H4 and C2H6) has aroused worldwide interest over the past decade due to the rise of vast new shale gas resources. However, obtaining higher C2 selectivity can be very challenging in a typical OCM process in the presence of easily oxidized products such as C2H4 and C2H6. Regarding this, different types of catalysts have been studied to achieve desirable C2 yields. In this review, we briefly presented three typical types of catalysts such as alkali/alkaline earth metal doped/supported on metal oxide catalysts (mainly for Li doped/supported catalysts), modified transition metal oxide catalysts, and pyrochlore catalysts for OCM and highlighted the features that play key roles in the OCM reactions such as active oxygen species, the mobility of the lattice oxygen and surface alkalinity of the catalysts. In particular, we focused on the pyrochlore (A2B2O7) materials because of their promising properties such as high melting points, thermal stability, surface alkalinity and tunable M-O bonding for OCM reaction.


The aim of this paper is to examine the notion that how the concept of creative city is perceived and executed in non-Western context by conducting empirical study on social entrepreneurs in Taiwan. Compared with fixed and rigid hierarchies of communities, regions, cities and states, I would like to depict how these social entrepreneurs use their flexibility, connecting and assembling resources within different levels. Furthermore, I will dive into the discussion on the positioning of social entrepreneurs and their roles in terms of local development. I also concern about to what extent it reflects the deficiency of the entire structure.


The use of boreholes as a low temperature heat source is spreading rapidly in Norway. There seems to be very little critical thinking whether this is an investment worthwhile or not. On the west coast of Norway we see a rapid build-up of numbers of borehole based heat pump installations, even though the climate is generally mild, and the winters usually are rather wet and grey, than crisp and white, due to the passing warm Gulf current. The typical west coast situation is an annual mean temperature of 7°C to 8°C and a design outdoor temperature of -9°C to -14°C. Even for Tromso, as far north as 69°, with a design outdoor temperature of -15°C and an annual mean temperature of 3.4°C, there should be doubts whether borehole or air should be used as the low temperature heat source. However the use of air as heat source poses some challenges, with regard to design, especially in connection with defrosting and varying evaporation temperature. In this paper a comparison of the energy- and economic efficiency of borehole and air to water heat pump systems, located in Bergen, Karasjok, Oslo, Roros, and Tromso is presented. The systems are calculated using two types and brands of reciprocating compressors and one screw compressor.


In this paper, it is presented the description of a route to create a virtual newspaper, its rationale and structure. The online journal aims to disseminate experiences and knowledge focused on the chemical education, mainly focusing on the dialogue between the Secondary education and college education (face-to-face and virtual instruction). The design of the journal was based on a survey applied to high school professionals (Chemistry area) of the Secondary education. As a result of this survey research, judging by the indications of teachers interviewed, six sections were suggested: Editorial, News, Polls, Research, Photos and facts, and Opinions, to cover all the topics of chemistry teaching, with trans-, interand multidisciplinary approaches, considering the socio-cultural context of production and learning. Among other features, the purpose of this journal is to value, socialize and gather ideas and people around the ideal of education in this science, which is increasingly central.


Basques have found their way to many corners of the world, and one of those is the distinctive city of New Orleans in the United States. The relationship of Basques with Louisiana antedates the independence of the United States, and, of course, incorporation of that territory into the American Union. The Basque presence was most evident throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, when a significant community of Basque mariners resided in New Orleans. This article provides a historical overview of the Basque connection to Louisiana, from the expulsion of the Acadians that sent Basques south, the arrival of Basque mariners, and those relocated Basques from Mexico. General immigrants found their way there as merchants, storekeepers, accountants and blacksmiths and in time a Basque District emerged. There was also a Basque religious presence. The article brings to light the Basque presence.


T he Residency Review Committee (RRC) for Psychiatry, the accrediting body for psychiatric residency programs, is presently reassessing standards for psychotherapy training. There is some sentiment in favor of significantly strengthening requirements by specifying numbers of patients to be seen by modality of treatment. That such a move is appropriate, it is argued, flows from decisions by RRCs in other specialties to develop similar standards (as, for example, in obstetrics and gynecology). This potential change provoked a lively discussion at a recent meeting of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training (AADPRT). Unfortunately, because so little information is available about adequacy of psychotherapy training, discussions usually reflect individual points of view about the place of psychotherapy training in residency. The debate over the role of psychotherapy training during residency experiences is not new. Now, however, recent changes in the economics of health care and advances in understanding the biology of mental disorders, as well as RRC concerns, have made this discussion prominent for those responsible for planning residency training curricula and clinical experiences. The role of psychotherapy training was one of the focal points of the conference "Psychiatric Education for the '90s," sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1986. Although it was not reflected in the final recommendations, there was a strongly voiced point of view at that meeting that in the very near future psychotherapy will no longer be central to psychiatric education and that psychotherapy training should take place after general residency training.' This view had its supporters even though approximately 70% of psychiatric practice time is currently devoted, in part, to psychotherapy.2 The changes in medical practice since that conference, held only a short while ago, have served to intensify the debate about psychotherapy training. Its proper place in the future of psychiatric education is by no means determined.3 This uncertainty has helped stimulate continuing work on the development of curricula for the training of psychotherapists.4 The development of standards for psychotherapy training has been hindered by lack of consensus about what constitutes adequate training. For example, a 1986 survey of U.S. programs in general psychiatry that were members of AADPRT, completed in preparation for the Raleigh conference,5 indicated that the role of psychotherapy training was clearly not uniform across residency programs in the United States. Of the 109 general residency programs that responded


Perinatal telemedicine efforts have commenced worldwide in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. As there have been no prior studies on the acceptance of telemedicine by pregnant women, we conducted this survey to investigate the same.


The invention discloses a food for improving hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of a diabetic patient and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes steps of mixing, drying and crushing red yeast rice powder, tartary buckwheat powder and mulberry fruit juice. The preparation method is simple. By means of lovastatin in the red yeast rice powder, total flavonoids in tartary buckwheat, 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry fruits and components such as various amino acids in a formula, blood glucose and blood fat can be inhibited or reduced. According to the formula, three raw materials are employed cooperatively so that a blood glucose reducing effect and a blood fat reducing effect can be improved. In addition, the mixture composed of the red yeast rice powder, the tartary buckwheat extract and the mulberry fruit juice provided in the invention can be used as a raw material. With addition of pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials or components, the raw material can be prepared into tablets, capsules, granules, granular tea or the like. The food has a huge medicinal and health-caring value.


Nationalist populist leaders today often claim they will protect "who we are" against cultural and economic threats and corrupt elites, speaking in essentialist terms, even as scholars portray national identities as constructed. But because we have failed to recognize how all human identities are partly constructed, scholars have not accepted the need to compose better stories of peoplehood to combat discriminatory and repressive stories. This book shows how to do so.


As a new form of fraud, telecom network fraud is characterized by remoteness and contactless. After collecting reports of telecom network fraud cases through the Internet and simulating the case datasets based on the report findings, this paper selects the datasets related to characteristics of the suspects for pre-processing and transformation, applies the association rule algorithm to telecom network fraud cases, and uses Apriori algorithm and FP-Growth algorithm to mine the valuable information of the characteristics of the suspects involved in telecom network fraud cases. By doing so, this paper discovers the association relationship between the characteristics of the suspects, and proposes relevant prevention suggestions on this basis to help combat telecom network fraud crimes. CCS concept •Computing methodologies∼Machine learning∼Machine learning approaches∼Rule learning


Recent advances in LTE operating in unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) has grabbed a lot of attention from industry and academia. The duty cycled LTE-U is shown to be fair with Wi-Fi technology by following an ON-OFF cycle for its transmission. However, the effect of LTE-U on the video quality of Wi-Fi users has not been studied in the literature. In this work, we study the video quality performance of a Wi-Fi user in the presence of LTE-U, in a testbed system. Our results show that the parameters that contribute to the video QoE (Quality of Experience) of Wi-Fi users get adversely affected as the fraction of channel utilized by LTE-U increases, but the same is not shown to be true with another Wi-Fi. We found that poor video QoE of Wi-Fi users in the presence of LTE-U is because of a large number of packet collisions and less channel access time due to ON cycle of LTE-U.


.University Identity System(UIS)introduces the CIS theory,aiming at conveying university's educational philosophy,spirit and culture through systematic visual designs.Hence,domestic management in university is promoted,the popularity and reputation of the university is also improved,and thus it effectively enhances the social influence and competitiveness of university.University identity system(UIS)embodies university's campus culture,and successful introduction of the UIS strategy can effectively enhance the brand image of the university,promote the construction of campus culture.Campus culture,with its three aspects of spirit culture,institutional culture and material culture corresponds to the three factors of University Identity System in mind,behavior and vision.And also they are interlinked in connotation.University Identity System and the construction of campus culture is unified in their goals.


Legend of Feng Yanis a fictional story written by Shen Yazhi in Tang Dynasty, praising the final success of morality after two contradictions and two choices.As a particular carrier of historical information,it embodies the ideological values in three aspects:first,to advocate the value standard that deviates from the feudal orthodox,and implies the decay of the dynasty;second,to reflect the impotence and corruption the government,that reveals the abuse of power;third,to write the story about the humble people,that starts the civilianization tradition of Chinese novels.


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The classical behaviour of charged two-particle systems, in particular He +, in an external field B is for small B regular and can be treated by perturbation theory.

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All the constants of motion except H (i.e.K ⊥ 2 , K z , L z) can be introduced as canonical momenta

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H can be decomposed into a sum of an electronic part, a CM part for a charged pseudoparticle in an external field and a coupling Hamiltonian.

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The phenomena observed in the regular regime were fast Kepler-oscillations, Larmor precession, modulation of the CM-energy and a cyclotron rotation of the CM on four different time scales T 1,T 2,T 3,T 4, respectively.

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By averaging the eqms succesively over T 1 and T 2 we obtain two approximative constants of motion (I 3,\( \mathcal{L}\)) and arrive at a one-dimensional integrable effective Hamiltonian.

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The oscillations on the time scale T 1 are described by the unaveraged Hamiltonian eqms, the modulations on the time scale T 2 by the once averaged ones. The behaviour on the time scale T 3 is best described by the twice averaged and integrable effective Hamiltonian. The motion on the time scale T 4 does not have to do anything with the averaging procedure but enters when transforming back to Cartesian coordinates.

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All the observed phenomena and in particular the self-stabilization effect can be reproduced by our perturbation theory.

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Up to order B2 no further phenomena are to be expected


Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared by sol-gel spin coating technique, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), NKD thin film analysis system and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that ZnO thin films with the each layer thickness of 80 nm present obvious c-axis orientation. With the increase of coating layers, the c-axis orientation characteristic weakens. The reason is considered that the growth mode of ZnO thin films transforms from layer growth to island growth. For the ZnO thin film with 4 layers, it has a compact surface and a uniform particle size of approximately 50 nm, and the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum primarily consists of two PL emission bands, one is a strong and narrow ultraviolet (UV) emission band, another is a weak and broad luminescence emission band from 400 nm to 650 nm. The average transmittance in the visible range is beyond 90%. A optical band gap of 3.26 eV, slightly less than the intrinsic band gap width of 3.37 eV, is obtained by Tauc plotting method. The defects, such as Zn or O vacancies, grain boundaries, are considered to be the main factors causing this situation.


This paper analyzes the various types of continuous wave and pulse modulation for the transmission of sampled data over channels perturbed by white Gaussian noise. Optimal coherent synchronous detection schemes for all the different modulation methods are shown to belong to one of two general classes: linear synchronous detection and correlation detection. The figures of merit, mean-square signal-to-error ratio and bandwidth occupancy, are determined for each system and compared.


Background: Metformin inhibits cyclic AMP generation and activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin pathways. Together these effects may reduce cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Methods: A phase II, double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial of 26 months duration. Participants will include nondiabetic adults (n = 96) aged 18–60 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥50 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ADPKD, recruited from university-based practices in Baltimore and Boston. Participants will be randomized in 1: 1 ratio to metformin or placebo at 500 mg once daily, increased every 2 weeks to a maximum of 1,000 mg twice daily as tolerated. Dose is decreased if eGFR falls to 30–45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and discontinued at eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: The primary outcomes are safety, assessed by the rates of hypoglycemia, elevated lactic acid levels, adverse events, and tolerability assessed by the Gastrointestinal Severity Rating Scale and maximum tolerated dose of study medication. Secondary outcomes include changes in total kidney and liver volumes, pain, and health-related quality of life, and changes in urinary metabolomic biomarkers. Conclusions: Results of this trial will provide important information on the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of long-term use of metformin in patients with ADPKD and provide preliminary information regarding its efficacy in slowing disease progression. Furthermore, results may support or refute the hypothesis that metformin effects on disease progression are mediated through the activation of the AMPK pathway. These results will be essential for the justification and design of a full-scale efficacy trial.


ILLC MSc in Logic Riccardo Pinosio Friedman [1, 2] claims that Kant's constructive approach to geometry was developed as a means to circumvent the limitations of his logic, which has been widely regarded by various commentators as nothing more than a glossa to Aristotelian subject-predicate logic. Contra Friedman, and building on the work of Achourioti and van Lambalgen [3], we purport to show that Kant's constructivism draws its independent motivation from his general theory of cognition. We thus propose an exegesis of the Transcendental Deduction according to which the consciousness of space as a formal intuition of outer sense (with its properties of, e.g., infinity and continuity) is produced by means of the activity of the transcendental synthesis of the imagination in the construction of geometrical concepts, which synthesis must be in thoroughgoing agreement with the categories. In order to substantiate these claims, we provide an analysis of Kant's characterization of geometrical inferences and of geometrical continuity, along with a formal argument illustrating how the representation of space as a continuum can be constructed from Kantian principles.


To ensure the integrity of all evidence recovered from a crime scene and demonstrate the credibility of the testimony of a crime scene investigator (CSI), it is imperative that extensive records are made. In many jurisdictions, the majority of forensic evidence is handed over to other units and agencies by a CSI. This requires the completion of several interrelated documents for all items recovered. These documents provide a detailed chain of custody record for the evidence. Major investigations also generate additional documents that demonstrate the transparency of the investigation and provide extensive notes that can clearly show that an independent and unbiased investigation was undertaken.

Keywords:

documentation;
chain of custody;
report;
register;
log;
evidence voucher


The purpose of this study was to determine customer satisfaction J&T Express Purwosari in terms of service quality, trust and product innovation. In this study, the authors used a descriptive quantitative approach. The population in this study were all customers of J&T Ekspress Purwosari totaling 1958 people, the sample used in this study was 100 people. The results of this study have a significant effect both partially and simultaneously between Service Quality, Trust and Product Innovation on Customer Satisfaction J&T Express Purwosari.

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality, Trust and Product Innovation.


Architecture at the Maya archaeological site of Uxmal in Yucatan, Mexico has been documented since the 17th century by historians, archaeologists, illustrators, photographers, and most recently photogrammetrists. This paper reviews the work of the major contributors to recording of architecture at Uxmal with a particular focus on the 19th century stereophotography of Alice and Augustus Le Plongeon who worked to record all the standing architecture at Uxmal, and the close range stereophotogrammetric projects that recorded the Adivino Pyramid during the late 20th century.


In this paper, through analyzing data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG), we present a study on the formation of a double-decker filament in NOAA Active Region 12665 from 2017 July 8 to 14. We find that magnetic reconnection occurs between two smaller filaments to form a longer filament. According to the evolution of the leading sunspot, it is obvious that the sunspot experiences a continuous rotation around its umbra. During the period from 03:00 UT on July 11 to 10:00 UT on July 14, the average speed of sunspot rotation is about 3.°7 hr–1. The continuous rotation of sunspot stretches the filament and results in the formation of a reversed S-shaped filament. Due to the motion of the magnetic field and internal magnetic reconnection, the filament splits into two branches and forms a double-decker filament structure. In the process of filament separation, internal magnetic reconnection can also accelerate the filament separation. Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation indicates that there are two magnetic flux ropes, which are consistent with the observed results. Eventually, the upper filament erupts and produces an M-class flare and a halo coronal mass ejection.


Development economists have long argued that modern financial markets are important to growth and that financial repression is a serious obstacle to progress in many developing countries. The authors consider the relationship between finance and growth and the appropriate role of government policy. Many economists have stressed how problems of asymmetric information and contract enforcement impede the functioning of financial markets in developing countries. In addition, they try to elaborate on these theories to make them relevant to policymakers. Information gaps and enforcement frictions introduce a premium in the cost of external funds. Factors such as the borrower's financial health, the efficiency of financial intermediation, and the ease of enforcing private financial contracts govern the size of this premium. How financial factors contribute to development may be understood along these lines. Financial contracts and institutions should be designed to minimize this premium.


The sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) is a fairly recent addition to the tools for evaluating management and other initiatives. Used primarily in rural development, often in the context of activities with poverty-related goals, the SLA also now appears in coastal and marine analyses. However, in the Caribbean, few coastal interventions have adopted a livelihoods perspective in their design, implementation or impact analysis. The study reported on here was one component of a larger project aimed at developing and promoting institutional arrangements for the management of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Caribbean. Pro-poor institutional arrangements may facilitate poverty alleviation by ensuring that benefits from MPAs impact the livelihoods of the poorest stakeholders. This socio-economic analysis assesses impacts on the livelihoods of the stakeholders of two MPAs: the Hol Chan and Glover's Reef Marine Reserves in Belize. Data on demographics, capital assets and individuals' perceptions of the MPAs were collected primarily through a formal questionnaire administered to the poorest stakeholder group, the fishers. Respondents at both study sites supported the need for MPAs, but they did not want more established close to their communities. Impacts on income and business expansion have been minimal for fishers, but amenities and social services improved concurrently. Reduction of user group conflict was said to be minimal. Respondents were dissatisfied with MPA management, particularly with information flow between park authorities and user groups. Overall, Hol Chan may be moderately successful in alleviating poverty in San Pedro, whilst Glover's Reef Marine Reserve offered limited opportunity for poverty alleviation in the adjacent communities.


A decay width calculation for a hybrid exotic meson h, with JPC=1-+, is presented for the channel h->pi+a1. This quenched lattice QCD simulation employs Luescher's finite box method. Operators coupling to the h and pi+a1 states are used at various levels of smearing and fuzzing, and at four quark masses. Eigenvalues of the corresponding correlation matrices yield energy spectra that determine scattering phase shifts for a discrete set of relative pi+a1 momenta. Although the phase shift data is sparse, fits to a Breit-Wigner model are attempted, resulting in a decay width of about 60 MeV when averaged over two lattice sizes.


Existing models of disordered magnetism fail to explain adequately both the higher Curie temperature of amorphous cobalt–rare‐earth alloys and the suppressed Curie temperature of iron–rare‐earth amorphous alloys relative to their crystalline counterparts. A new model is proposed in which the chemical short‐range order is altered by nonequilibrium processing so as to favor greater T‐T (T=transition metal) coordination and smaller T‐T distances in the noncrystalline material. This model correctly accounts for moment and Curie temperature differences between crystalline and noncrystalline alloys based on cobalt or iron.


Thirty Trichoderna strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 ( = ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7 %), chitin content (20 %), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determined for strain IMI 92027. No significant effect of different N and P additives was found on the chitinase yield in wheat bran-chitin mixture medium.


The matter of sex differences in survival from melanoma is more complex than generally recognized, and at least 6 factors, some of which appear to be interrelated, must be conisdered: location of the primary melanoma; stage of disease at presentation; endocrine factors; immunologic factors; pattern of metastatic spread (i.e., lymphogenic versus hematogenic), and environmental and behavioral characteristics. Extremity melanomas have a more favorable prognosis than axial melanomas, but, after allowance for tumor site, women still fare better than men. There appears to be a stage-by-stage difference in favor of women for survival. This applies to clinical stages (stage 1, local disease; stage 2, regional spread; and stage 3, distant metastases), as well as to pathologic microstages. Some authors have inferred that female advantage disappears once the disease has metastasized. No valid explanation for this observation has ever been advanced, and careful review of the literature reveals a female superiority in survival at stage 2 or stage 3 disease as well as stage 1. Many recent studies have confirmed the ancient impression that the incidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is higher in men. Men tend to have an equal or shorter history before treatment, yet they have more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. They have an unfavorable outcome irrespective of lesion site, tumor thickness, histogenetic subtype, and clinical stage of disease. These data suggest that the disease develops more rapidly in men. Thus, the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of cutaneous melanoma is more distinct in the male sex. The exacerbation of melanoma during pregnancy may be due to the increase of estrogens or to the elevated androgen levels. The first possibility is unlikely. The elevation of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and MSH levels may play a role. Several case-controlled studies have failed to reveal any overall relationship between prior history of oral contraceptive use and the development of melanoma. Because the role of estrogens (and hormones in general) in the course of melanoma is not yet satisfactorily established, oral contraceptives are best avoided. It is concluded that malignant melanoma may be a hormone-responsive tumor, despite the fact that the exact nature of such endocrine factors remains nebulous.


The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was successfully launched in November, 1997. The main purpose of TRMM is to sample tropical rainfall using the first active spaceborne precipitation radar. To validate TRMM satellite observations, a comprehensive Ground Validation (GV) Program has been implemented. The primary goal of TRMM GV is to provide basic validation of satellite-derived precipitation measurements over monthly climatologies for the following primary sites: Melbourne, FL; Houston, TX; Darwin, Australia; and Kwajalein Atoll, RMI. As part of the TRMM GV effort, research analysts at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) generate standardized TRMM GV products using quality-controlled ground-based radar data from the four primary GV sites as input. This presentation will provide an overview of the TRMM GV climatological processing system. A description of the data flow between the primary GV sites, NASA GSFC, and the TRMM Science and Data Information System (TSDIS) will be presented. The radar quality control algorithm, which features eight adjustable height and reflectivity parameters, and its effect on monthly rainfall maps will be described. The methodology used to create monthly, gauge-adjusted rainfall products for each primary site will also be summarized. The standardized monthly rainfall products are developed in discrete, modular steps with distinct intermediate products. These developmental steps include: (1) extracting radar data over the locations of rain gauges, (2) merging rain gauge and radar data in time and space with user-defined options, (3) automated quality control of radar and gauge merged data by tracking accumulations from each instrument, and (4) deriving Z-R relationships from the quality-controlled merged data over monthly time scales. A summary of recently reprocessed official GV rainfall products available for TRMM science users will be presented. Updated basic standardized product results and trends involving monthly accumulation, Z-R relationship, and gauge statistics for each primary GV site will be also displayed.


PROBLEM/BACKGROUND: Increased survival of very low birthweight infants due to advances in neonatal management has resulted in infants at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). ROP is a pathologic process that occurs only in immature retina tissue and can progress to retinal detachment and several factors increase the risk of ROP. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity among very low birthweight infants. RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital. MATERIALS and METHOD: All very low birthweight infants, born between October 2004 to September 2007, who were admitted in NICU at Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital, were examined for ROP by an ophthalmologist. Infants who had ROP were included in this study and determined factors influencing the development of severe ROP. RESULTS: Two hundred and three infants were enrolled in this study. The incidence of severe ROP was 13.3% (27/203). The risk factors associated with severe ROP were sepsis and low Apgar score at 1 minute. CONCLUSIONS: Severe ROP is associated with sicker infants. The main risk factors for development of severe ROP are sepsis and birth asphyxia. All high risk neonates should be screened for ROP.


Convergence refers to the blurring of boundaries between formerly separate industries and is a multi-tiered phenomenon that is unfolding in complex ways. The chapter develops a conceptual framework for the study of convergence processes. It distinguishes technical, market, and organizational convergence and analyzes the main forces shaping them. Convergence is assessed with regard to its impacts on the effectiveness of competition in infrastructure markets. It is demonstrated that, depending on the specific circumstances, convergence can increase or decrease effective competition. As a result, convergence can have desirable or undesirable implications for welfare. Based on this analysis, we are able to distinguish situations, which require a public policy response from those that can be left to market forces.


Polyclonal B‐cell activation is the central theme in the production of autoantibodies and possible activation of autoreactive T cells in both human and murine lupus. The abnormal expansion of CD5+ B cells in murine lupus has been suggested, in particular, to be one of the most characteristic findings in these mice. Activated B cells can be separated from the B cells of resting stage by the difference in cell density. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of different densities of the spleen cells separated by gradient density. Furthermore, the ability of anti‐DNA antibody secretion in each percoll gradient fraction of B cells was also analysed. The results showed: a higher percentage of CD5+ B cells, which corresponded to the activated B‐cell population, in percoll gradient 1 and 2 fractions; that splenic B cells of NZB/W F1 mice had proliferative response to interleukin (IL)‐4 or IL‐5 but not to IL‐10 or interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ); and that B cells isolated by percoll gradient produced anti‐DNA antibody after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus IL‐5 and IFN‐γ, but not IL‐4 and IL‐10. These data suggest that B cells at different stages of activation express differential characteristics and functions.


Exposure to hypoxia (0% O2) for 4–24 h resulted in increased intracellular L‐arginine content and increased activity of calpain, a calcium‐dependent neutral cysteine protease, in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Calpain‐inhibitor I abolished the increased L‐arginine content in hypoxic cells. When endothelial cell proteins were labeled with [3H]‐L‐arginine and the cells exposed to hypoxia, we observed an increase in free [3H]‐L‐arginine and a decrease in [3H]‐L‐arginine‐labeled proteins. Once again, calpain‐inhibitor I prevented the increases in free [3H]‐L‐arginine and the decreases in [3H]‐L‐arginine‐labeled proteins in hypoxic cells. Hypoxia also inhibited the synthesis of L‐arginine‐containing proteins. Thus, the increase in intracellular L‐arginine content in hypoxic pulmonary artery endothelial cells is caused by an increase in proteolysis secondary to calpain and a decrease in protein synthesis. These results indicate that hypoxia can modulate the availability of free intracellular L‐arginine, the exclusive precursor of nitric oxide (NO) and the primary substrate of NO synthase, by affecting the synthesis and degradation of cellular proteins. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A low-temperature, solid-state process for the synthesis of high-quality intercalation oxides has been developed. Finely divided cobalt hydroxide-lithium hydroxide mixtures, prepared by precipitation and freeze-drying, transform directly to highly ordered LiCoO 2 of the α-NaFeO 2 structure type (high-temperature LiCoO 2 ) upon firing in air at temperatures of 200-300 °C. The mechanism of transformation has been determined using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Crystallites of Co(OH) 2 decompose and intercalate with Li to form LiCoO 2 without changing particle shape, orientation, or crystallinity. The absence of a CoOOH intermediate phase indicates that the intercalation step is rapid compared to the Co(OH) 2 → CoOOH decomposition. Although the product obtained at temperatures as low as 100 °C is electrochemically active, firing at higher temperatures further improves capacity and cyclability.


A variety of stabilization methods for nonlinear systems in chained form can be found in the literature. However, very few results exist in the area of systematically converting a general nonlinear system with two inputs to a chained form. This paper presents an algorithm for the conversion of a class of nonlinear systems with two inputs to a high-order chained, or generalized chained, form. The feedback transformation accomplishing this conversion is derived, provided certain conditions hold, by solving a system of partial differential equations. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by means of a physically motivated example, namely an under-actuated surface vessel.


The lightness of components required in automobiles and machinery industry is requiring high strength of components. In particular, manufacturing process and new materials development for solving the fatigue fracture problem attendant upon high strength of suspension of automobile are actively advanced. In this paper, the effect of compressive residual stress of spring steel by shot peening on fatigue crack growth characteristics in environmental with stress ratio(R=0.1, R=0.3, R=0.6)were investigated with considering fracture mechanics. By using the methods mentioned above, I arrived at the following conclusions: (1) The fatigue crack growth rate(da/dN)of the shot peening material was lower than the unpeening material. And in stage Ⅰ, △K th , the threshold stress intensity factor, of the shot peening is high in critical parts unlike the unpeening material. (2) Fatigue life shows more improvement in the shot peening material than in the unpeening material. And compressive residual stress of surface on the shot peening processed operate a rsistance of fatigue crack propagation.


Bytecode is used in software analysis and other approaches due to its advantages such as high availability and simple specification. Therefore, to leverage these advantages in training language models with bytecode, it is important to clearly recognize the characteristics of the naturalness of bytecode. However, the naturalness of bytecode has not been actively explored. In this paper, we experimentally show the naturalness of bytecode instructions and investigate their characteristics by empirically assessing 10 Java open-source projects. Consequently, we demonstrate that the bytecode instructions are more natural than source code representations and less natural than abstract syntax tree representations at a method-level. Furthermore, we found that there is no correlation between the naturalness of bytecode instructions and source code representations at a method-level. Our study supports that researchers need to deal with the characteristics of the naturalness of bytecode instructions in a different view from source code. We expect that these findings will be helpful for future work to study automated software engineering tasks such as automated debugging and vulnerability detection that use bytecode models.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical compensation sheet which undergoes no exfoliation or the like even under high temperature and humidity, exerts a great effect of improving the tint and the dependence of contrast on viewing angle and maintains a high-quality image even after prolonged lighting under high humidity, and to provide a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device comprising the optical compensation sheet. SOLUTION: The optical compensation sheet has at least one optically anisotropic layer containing a liquid crystal compound on a stretched cellulose acylate film, wherein the optical compensation sheet has retardation satisfying the following relationships (A) to (F); (A) 20 COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


Objective To study relationship between dysfunction of gastric motility and dyspepsia symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods A standardized scintigraphic examination was performed in 40 cases of FD patients and 20 healthy controls(HC).Gastric emptying and intragastric food distribution of solids were recorded.Dyspepsia symptoms were measured as absent,mild,relevant and severe.According to symptom score,we divided the patients into two subgroups,mild symptom FD(SGl) group,severe symptom FD(SG2) group.Results As compared with that in HC group,the gastric emptying half-time(T1/2) was prolonged signincantly in SG1 and SG2 group(76.8±10.9 min,85.2±19.4 min vs 50.4±11.3 min,P0.05),but there is no difference between SG1 and SG2 group.In SG1 and HC group,the distal gastric maximal fraction(AMF) and the time of the distal stomach solid maximal fraction(Tm) did not show difference(31.4±6.3% vs 28.3±5.1%,18.0±3.9 min vs 12.0±4.8 min,P0.05).In SG2 group,ATM increased significantly(52.6±14.7% vs 31.4±6.3%,28.3±5.1%,P0.05),Tm prolonged significantly(50.2±13.2 min vs 18.0±3.9 min,12.0±4.8 min,P0.05),compared with SG1 and HC group.Conclusion There was inconsistency between gastric emptying and dyspepsia symptoms,but the abnormality of intragastric food distribution may be a reason to have dyspepsia symptoms in part of patients with functional dyspepsia.


Acquiring high-quality hyperspectral imagery with high spatial and spectral resolution plays an important role in remote sensing. Due to the limited capacity of sensors, providing high spatial and spectral resolution is still a challenging issue. Spectral super-resolution (SSR) increases the spectral dimensionality of multispectral images to achieve resolution enhancement. In this article, we propose a spectral resolution enhancement method based on the generative adversarial network framework without introducing additional spectral responses prior. In order to adaptively rescale informative features for capturing interdependencies in the spectral and spatial dimensions, a spatial spectral feature attention module is introduced. The proposed method jointly exploits spatio-spectral distribution in the hyperspectral manifold to increase spectral resolution while maintaining spatial content consistency. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 radiance data and real coregistered advanced land image and Hyperion (MS and HS) images, which indicates the superiority of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-art methods.


Area correction normalization method was used for quantitative analysis of abietic acid,longifolene and dimethyl carbonate by GC-1102 gas chromatography,longifolene as standard material.The results showed that the relative mass correction factors of abietic acid and dimethyl carbonate compared with longifolene were 2.6349 and 3.8827,respectively.The accuracy and recovery of this method were tested,and the maximum relative standard deviation(RSD) of three components was 1.90%,the recovery of abietic acid,longifolene and dimethyl carbonate were:105.35%,93.09% and 99.09%.Area normalization method and area correction normalization method was compared through the relative deviation,the maximum relative deviation of two methods comparing the actual value were 213.48% and 1.64%.