Historians and specialists from eleven countries gathered in Zürich for a two-day conference in order to discuss the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War. The convenor, JERONIM PEROVIĆ (Zürich) pointed out in his introductory remarks that one key aim was to bring together two historiographical disciplines which still stood largely apart: Cold War Studies and Energy History. The task was to get a better understanding of the multiple ways in which energy, politics and power were connected over time and across borders, taking various national, institutional as well as corporate views into account. Perović reminded the audience to be careful not to interpret everything in a global context. The Soviet Union functioned according to its own logic, a logic which can only be understood in the country's specific cultural context and the particular political mechanisms at work within the Soviet Communist system. Yet if there was an area where the Soviet Union was always, in one way or another, connected to the outside world even during the heights of the Cold War, then this was, according to Perović, the area of energy, especially oil and gas. The guiding theme of the conference was thus to open up new perspectives on the Cold War by looking at energy and energy relations. The first panel outlined turning points in Soviet energy policy decisions during and after World War II. FELIX REHSCHUH (Zürich) analyzed the reasons for the Soviet leadership's changes in its attitude towards fossil fuels during the 1940s and 1950s. In the interwar period, the Soviet planners had paid little attention to oil exploitation, but the Red Army's fuel needs during World War II challenged these energy choices fundamentally. However, it was only towards the end of the 1940s, as tensions between the blocs heightened, that planners finally decided to favor the oil fields in the Volga-Urals-Region ('the second Baku'), located deep in the Soviet heartland, over Caucasian oil wells. NATALIIA EGOROVA (Moscow) demonstrated in her paper how energy considerations influenced Soviet foreign policy after World War II in the case of Iran. As Egorova argued, the intention of the Moscow leadership to control oil production in Soviet-occupied northern Iran contributed to tensions with the West, leading to the Iranian crisis of 1946. However, Moscow did not pursue the annexation of northern Iran to an enlarged Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. VIACHESLAV NEKRASOV (Surgut) looked into the interdependence of politics and energy during the Khrushchev period. He offered insights into the mechanisms of energy investment choices within the Soviet planning agency (Gosplan), using a 'funnel of causality' to explain its decision-making. Nekrasov identified a shift towards decentralization, professionalization, and an increasingly global orientation of decision-making as characteristics of the Khrushchev era. The commentator of the panel, TANJA PENTER (Heidelberg), underlined that the success story of Soviet oil production was accompanied by high human and environmental costs. The second panel focused on Western perspectives on Soviet oil exports. As NIKLAS JENSEN-ERIKSEN (Helsinki) argued, the increase of Soviet oil extraction and exports between 1955 and 1965, as well as the UK embargo of 1959, fueled institutional debates about Soviet imports within Britain. JensenEriksen underlined that these debates were not so much driven by strategic, rather than domestic economic considerations. Although the British Ministry of Energy was keen to protect the country's oil producing companies, the Board of Trade was interested in importing cheap 'red oil' in order to support the British manufacturing industry. ROBERTO CANTONI (Manchester) looked into NATO's internal debate on the real and perceived Soviet 'oil offensive' in the early 1960s. Soviet efforts to increase oil exports to the West using its Druzhba pipeline project was seen as a means to expand political power and influence, particularly by the US. Conversely, European governments saw a chance to stim-


Introduction: one of the basic medical ethics of principles is to respect human privacy, patient´s independence character, confidentiality and autonomy. The patient's autonomy in decision making and respecting that issue in fact means freedom in action and behavior. Method: In this descriptive research, functions of 39 students of medical science that were selected by statistical method were evaluated on observing autonomies of 200 pregnant women bedridden in labour sections of five chosen hospitals of Tehran city ,these persons by available sampling method entered in to this research. Research tools are two demographic questionnaires of pregnant women and student of medical science school and one observation check list made by the researcher. Descriptive statistics and Spss software version 17 were used to analyze the data. Result: Average score of students in the field of patient´s autonomy is 12/23 that in this research it shows the average level of function. Conclusion: Based on the principle of patient´s autonomy, before taking any action related with the diagnosis and treatment it should be spoken with patients and they should be informed of all actions. To inform patients cause the reduction of their anxiety and stress and it will be followed by their cooperation health group and their satisfaction.


The X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINSs) are peculiar p ulsar-like objects, characterized by their very well Planck-like spectrum. In s tudying their spectral energy distributions, the optical/UV excess is a long standing pro blem. Recently, Kaplan et al. (2011) have measured the optical/UV excess for all seven sou rces, which is understandable in the resonant cyclotron scattering (RCS) model previ ously addressed. The RCS model calculations show that the RCS process can account for the observed optical/UV excess for most sources . The flat spectrum of RX J2143.0+0654 may due to contribution from bremsstrahlung emission of the electron system in addi tion to the RCS process.


The present invention provides a method of classifying and evaluating the prognosis of a subject with breast cancer. The method includes using a supervision algorithm designed to stratification based target breast cancer intrinsic subtype, to predict breast cancer subtype. The prediction model is based on the gene expression profile of an endogenous gene listed in Table 1. The predictive model can be used to accurately predict the intrinsic subtype for which object or breast cancer were diagnosed with breast cancer is suspected.


Goryeo had been under control of Mongloia for more than a century after the Sambyeolcho?셲 fighting. At that time, it was influenced directly by Mongolia for its land regional characteristics, and Mongolian culture was introduced to our culture on various sides. Even so, we pay no attention to Mongolian influence and its culture. The purpose of this study is to explore the Mongolian Ger, to give attention to traditional architecture that we inhabit, and especially, to escape from existing architectural concepts of Jeju traditional housing. This study seeks to find the spacial structure and its meaning of the Mongolian Ger on the basis of physical and cultural factor in Mongolian Ger. The spacial structure and its meaning can be studied in the aspect of architectural space that molds human experience and perception. As a result of this study, two properties in the Mongolian Ger are revealed. One property is polyvalence that is revealed by relations between space and space. Another property is that territorialization that is revealed in hierarchic according to space setting of family members and their facilities.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a workable framework for a contrastive analysis of linguistically different versions of the European Constitution, offering means for investigating the nature and value of the equivalence and differences between them. This proposal becomes particularly crucial in consideration of the problematic dynamic between, on the one hand, the European multilingual language policy and, on the other, the non-coincidence between linguistic systems. This tension has given rise to a debate between those who see multilingualism as a problem or a concrete obstacle to a common EU system of law (Braselmann 2002, Baron 2003) and those who are more positive about such a possibility (Kjaer 2004, Engberg 2004a, 2004b).
This study aims to propose linguistic and pragmatic tools with which it will be possible to define levels of equivalence (Koller 1979, 1995), and to qualify and quantify differences, highlighting possible trends among them, so as to provide meaningful data and sound bases for a circumstantiated and unprejudiced discussion of the possibility of a felicitous multilingual translation of the European Constitution.


A simple solid-state reaction was applied to synthesize Fe-doped perovskite-type PBFNO catalysts, and methylene blue decomposition studies were performed in the form of visible light according to the changes in the Fe doping content (0.4 to 1.9 mol ratio compared with Bi mol) and the amount of catalyst used (0.05 to 0.2 g used). As the Fe doping content increases, the absorbance and bang gap energy of the PBFNOs sample rapidly increase and decrease, respectively, because the Fe dopant in the PBNO lattice acts as an intermediate band between the valence and conduction bands of the PBNO and reduces the band gap energy. As a result, it showed a performance degradation of approximately 42% compared to the maximum performance. In addition, the presence of Fe dopants in the PBNO lattice greatly reduces the intensity of the photoluminescent lines. This is because the Fe dopant can play an important role in light-induced electron transfer and as a hole trap, reducing the recombination rate. Additionally, when too much photocatalyst was used (>0.1 g used), the Fe dopant played an important role as a light-induced electron transfer and hole trap, reducing the recombination rate and lowering the overall photocatalytic activity by 51%. In particular, 0.1 g of PBNO-0.2-F showed continuous catalytic activity, even when the photocatalytic reaction proceeded for 180 min. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the Fe-doped aurivillius-phase PBFNO photocatalyst is very promising for the dye manufacturing industry.


Floating beads have been formed to create a prolonged drug release in the stomach and to reduce the number of frequencies, thereby overcoming its side effects. The current study is concerned with the design and evaluation of stomach-specific oil embedded floating beads of celecoxib in a capsule. Hard gelatin capsules (size 1) were filled with celecoxib oil entrapped beads. A 2³ factorial design was used to investigate the effects of different weight masses of HPMC K4M, Sodium alginate, and maize starch on drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) of beads and percent of cumulative drug release at 6 hours (R 6h ) from capsules. The optimization results show an increase in EE in the oil entrapped beads and a decrease in R 6h from capsules with increases in the weights of HPMC K4M, Sodium alginate, and maize starch. The optimized formulation (F6) had EE of 91.80±0.20% and R 6h of 37.88±1.39%. The capsules floated over 6 h and released the drug in gastric pH (1.2) during the first two hours then in phosphate buffer pH (6.8) for another four hours. An X-ray imaging in vivo study of optimised capsules containing CXB oil embedded floating beads in rabbits indicated stomach-specific gastro retention throughout a long time. An in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of optimized CXB floating beads showed sustained drug release and better inhibition of rats' hind paw edema.


An analytical treatment has been developed to study some of the axisymmetric vortex breakdown and reconnection fluid dynamic processes underlying body-vortex interactions that are frequently manifested in rotorcraft and propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft wakes. In particular, the presence of negative vorticity in the inner core of a vortex filament (one example of which is examined in this paper) subsequent to "cutting" by a solid body has a profound influence on the vortex reconnection, leading to analog flow behavior similar to vortex breakdown phenomena described in the literature. Initial vorticity distributions (three specific examples which are examined) without an inner core of negative vorticity do not exhibit vortex breakdown and instead manifest diffusion-like properties while undergoing vortex reconnection. Though this work focuses on laminar vortical flow, this work is anticipated to provide valuable insight into rotary-wing aerodynamics as well as other types of vortical flow phenomena.


The concept of generalized order statistics was introduced by Kamps [21]. Generalized order statistics is a unified approach of other ordered random schemes, like order statistics, record values, sequential order statistics, progressively type II censored order statistics and Pfeifers records. Therefore, the study of moments and recurrence relations between moments of generalized order statistics are of special interest. In this paper, an attempt has been made to derive some recurrence relations for single and product moments of generalized order statistics from Weibull-geometric distribution, which was proposed by Barreto-Souza et al. [15]. Further, order statistics and record values are studied as special cases. At the end, some characterization results are also presented.


Geometry modeling of complex form part is the first step in NC machining.Selecting proper method of curved surface modeling ispropitious to CL computing and NC programming.This paper adopts the method of double cubic B-Spline curved surface modeling based on cubic B-Spline curve,and comes out its matrix expression.Based on above mentioned,it is quite convenient to compute point vector and normal vector.As for such modeling method,this paper also comes out a method to compute CL data of three-axis NC machining.


It is shown that the soliton solution of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is essentially the same as the loop soliton solution found by Konno, Ichikawa and Wadati. Another scheme of the inverse scattering transformation is also presented for the mKdV equation.


This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of Legionella infection in a dental clinic setting. Serum samples from 270 dental clinic personnel were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Legionella-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The pooled-species whole-cell-antigen preparation used in these assays was derived from six Legionella pneumophila strains and one strain each from Legionella bozemanii and Legionella micdadei. Significant levels of IgG and IgM antibodies were found in 20% and 16%, respectively, of the samples. This compares with 8% and 10%, respectively, for a randomly selected non-clinical group from the region (P<0.005). Samples from clinic personnel with significant IgG titers (>1 :128) were also evaluated for activity to each of the eight single-species antigens, with the following results: L. pneumophila, 45% (combined six strains); L. micdadei, 37%; and L. bozemanii, 18%. Comparing individuals' "years spent in the clinic environment" with the incidence of significant antibody levels strongly suggests that the risk of Legionella infection increases proportionately with increased clinic exposure time (P<0.05). Analysis of these data implies that Legionella may be present in the dental clinic environment, thus creating an increased risk for clinical personnel or patients.


This chapter considers the evidence available for establishing the date of Mark's Gospel and its place of origin. It discusses the early Christian tradition that forms the basis of the 'traditional' view. It will become apparent that this external evidence does not provide us with historically reliable information concerning the Gospel's origin. The chapter subsequently, therefore, establishes when and where Mark's Gospel was written by using internal evidence, that is, the indications concerning time and place of origin occurring within the Gospel itself. The assumption that the authors of the Gospels of Luke and Matthew used the Gospel of Mark sets the terminus ante quem for the composition of Mark's Gospel at approximately 85 AD. Information about the Gospel's terminus post quem is to be gathered from the Gospel itself. Four passages in Mark's Gospel are helpful in this respect. Keywords: early Christian tradition; Gospel's terminus post quem ; Gospels of Luke; Gospels of Mathew; Mark's Gospel


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of accelerated environmental loading, i.e. humidity, solar radiation, wet/dry cycling, CO2 concentration and temperature on specimens being initially protected using four commercially available coating systems and to evaluate their degradation considering the results. Design/methodology/approach – For the purpose of the study, an accelerated environmental loading was performed in a highly sophisticated chamber able to replicate weather patterns representing the eight characteristic climate zones of Australia. Findings – The results in terms of degradation patterns can provide a qualitative classification leading to the development of a Dynamic Protection Index Factor which can be used as direct input in life cycle cost analysis appraisal. Originality/value – This paper is considered to be very important, since the degradation results of different environmental conditions constiture a major problem for structures life inspections and durability.


Euler's formula for a polyhedron with V vertices, F faces and E edges and genus g states that V + F – E = 2(1 – g). Cayley formulated a similar expression for the four Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra: bV + aF – E = 2c, using the densities a, b and c of respectively the faces, the vertices and the polyhedron itself. We conjecture both should be united as bV + aF – E = 2c(1 – g), or, more generally, for Archimedean polyhedra with Vj vertices and Fi faces of a given type and densities bj and ai respectively, as bjVj + aiFi – E = 2c(1 – g). We consider examples that support our case, but a more important aspect of this paper is perhaps the suggestion of considering higher genus KeplerPoinsot polyhedra. Some are unusual cases inspired by S. Gott's pseudo-polyhedra with adjacent faces in the same plane, while other types of these star polyhedra may be attractive from an artistic point of view. Escher was interested in star polyhedra and in infinite tessellations, and the polyhedra proposed in the present paper combine both topics.


Background: A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that the average viewing distance adopted when viewing a smartphone in American subjects was closer than the reading distance typically found when viewing printed materials. Given the very high prevalence of myopia in China (approaching 90% in some areas), the aim of this investigation was to measure the mean cell phone viewing distance in a Chinese population, and to examine the effect of age on this parameter. Methods: 207 Chinese subjects were instructed to view a text message on their cell phone, and to hold the device as if they were about to read the text. The distance from the phone to the spectacle plane was measured using a rigid tape measure. Results: The mean viewing distance was 33.95cm (SD = 5.90cm, range 19.0 51.3cm). A weak but significant positive correlation (r = 0.24, p < 0.0001) was found between age and viewing distance. No significant difference in viewing distance was observed when comparing spectacle (N=84) versus non-spectacle (N = 123) wearers (p = 0.91). Conclusions: These findings confirm the previous results that modern cell phones are held at closer viewing distances than printed materials. Further, the mean viewing distance adopted in a Chinese population was over 2cm closer than that found in American subjects. This increased demand on both ocular accommodation and vergence compared with hardcopy materials could be responsible for symptoms of digital eye strain commonly experienced in many individuals.


As per our knowledge, it is the first paper to analyze the demographic data of the ISQs levels which can be used to assess the stability of the implant. This is the largest series of prospective patient data for adults irrespective of the age, gender and the size of abutment used. We recommend recording the resonance frequency value intra-operatively to assess the implant stability and guide in early loading of the processor. We emphasize on using the correction factor for varying lengths of outer abutments used. For adults, we propose than an ideal value of more than 60 ISQ units intra-operatively is satisfactory to the outcome of the implant irrespective of the age, gender and the size of abutment used. We have proposed recommendations in case the resonance frequency is lower than ideal and these recommendations provide a warning sign to reconsider the peri-operative guidelines for the surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


One important aspect of harmonious society is harmony the between mankind and ecological environment.Eco-economic ethics is the combination of economic ethics and ecological ethics.Only by laying emphasis on eco-economic ethics and by handling properly the relationship between economic development and environment protection and the relationship between human and nature,can we truly realize the goal of constructing socialist harmonious society.


Research conducted in the early years after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks in New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington, DC demonstrated adverse psychological outcomes among residents of the United States who were exposed to the attacks both directly and indirectly via the media. However, less is known about the impact of this collective trauma over time. Beginning at the end of December 2006, a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. residents (Cohort 2, N = 1,613) examined the long-term effects of 9/11, with annual assessments administered every year for 3 years. We assessed rates of 9/11-related posttraumatic stress (PTS) annually during the first 2 years of the study; during the second and third years of the study, we assessed fear and worry regarding future terrorism. Rates of PTS among participants were compared with those assessed annually in a nationally representative sample between 2002 and 2004 (Cohort 1); results indicated a relatively stable pattern of 9/11-related PTS symptoms for 6 years following the attacks. Five to six years after 9/11, we found an association between 9/11-related PTS and both direct, B = 8.45, 95% CI [4.32, 12.59] and media-based (live television), B = 1.78, 95% CI [0.90, 2.65] exposure to the attacks. Six to 7 years post-9/11, fear and worry regarding future terrorism were predicted by 9/11-related PTS symptoms that had been reported approximately 5 years after the attacks, B = 0.04, 95% CI [0.03, 0.05]. The psychological legacy of 9/11 was perceptible among many U.S. residents throughout the decade that followed.


This work presents the implementation of the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracking algorithm on a Digital Signal Processor with a 40-bit fixed-point Arithmetic Logic Unit built into a smart camera. The main goal of this work was to obtain realtime frame processing performance while loosing as little tracking accuracy as possible. This task was motivated by increasing demand for the application of smart cameras as main data processing units in large surveillance systems, where factors like cost and demand of space are excluding PCs from this role. In a first effort the modification of the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi to integer numbers was performed and then in the next step the influence on stability and accuracy of this modification was investigated. It is demonstrated how changing the numeric data type of intermediate results within the algorithm from float to integer, and decreasing the number of bits used to store variables, affects tracking accuracy. Nevertheless the DSP implementation can be used where the computation of optical flow based on a tracking algorithm needs to be done in real-time on an embedded platform where limited subpixel accuracy can be tolerated. As a further result of this implementation we can conclude that a DSP with a fixed-point arithmetic logic unit can be very effectively applied for complex computer vision tasks and is able deliver good performance even compared to high-end PC architectures.


# Both authors contributed equally to this work Abstract Despite being identified as a unique disease almost 100 years ago, drugs aimed at treating the basic defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) have only recently been approved for clinical use. Marketed as Kalydeco and Orkambi (Vertex Pharmaceuticals), these medications have improved the lives of many CF patients; yet the goal of treating all CF patients remains to be achieved. Although effective, concern has been raised regarding the annual cost of treating patients with these drugs, especially since patients will be prescribed such medications for life. The current move to a more holistic approach to medical care has prompted many people to try various herbal or "natural" remedies. In this review, was assess three such natural treatments; genistein, curcumin and resveratrol, and evaluate their potential as adjunct therapies for patients with CF.


In order to reduce the airborne and the solidborne noise in the ship compartments, it is important to know some acoustical properties, such as, "abstrahlfaktor", transmission loss, and damping effect of joiner structures for the ship.In this experiment, using a coupled reverberation room, the measurement of these properties were made through the sample 2m×1m in size, of several types of fundamental joiner structures, excited by the airborne noise.In accommodation spaces, which may be predominantly excited by the solidborne noise, the average sound pressure level radiated in the room by the surrounding wall vibration will be calculated by the abstrahlfaktor, average absorption and the velocity level averaged over the wall.This calculated level will be the upper limit practically expected in this room.In engine room, which may be largely excited by the airborne noise, the level will be calculated by usual way of using transmission loss.As for the velocity level and their distribution in the ship compartments, further investigations are to be made.


Background: Evaluating the uterine cavity is a basic step in investigating infertile women. Both the condition of the endometrium as well as the uterine cavity are thought to be important factors in determining receptivity for embryo implantation. Aim of the Work: In our study we conducted a trial to assess the effect of endometrial injury by hysteroscopy in the outcome of intrauterine insemination (IUI).
 Patients and Methods: This interventional prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at ElSayed Galal University Hospital during the period from January 2016 to October 201
 7. The study comprised 200 of women diagnosed as unexplained infertility or with mild male factor. Results: The biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were higher in women of group I when compared to women of group II [28 (28%) vs. 8 (8%), p=0.012 and 25 (25%) vs. 4 (4%), p= 0.034, respectively. Conclusion: Performing endometrial scratch using hysteroscopy in the preceding cycle of intra uterine insemination is a simple cheap maneuver that improves the chemical and clinical pregnancy outcome.


Foreword - Carole Fink Introduction - Charles Carter, Tony Crain and Melissa Yeager Part One: why alliances succeed Chapter One - William Stueck, 'Power over culture: the US alliance with the Republic of Korea' Chapter Two - Jean Bertrand Ribat, 'Opening the Balance of Power Theory's Black Box, Do We Need a Coordinator?' Chapter Three - James Helicke, 'US and Turkey: a qualified success' Part Two: why alliances fail Chapter Four - Michael McKoy, 'Same mission, different agendas: coalition dynamics and the Sevres Pact' Chapter Five - Teddy Uldricks, 'The Alliance that happened too late: reviving the Triple Entente, 1939 and 1941' Chapter Six - Melissa Yeager, 'The European Defence Community: astonishing alliance, predictable collapse?' Chapter Seven - Yasser El-Shimy, 'Moscow-Cairo: the end of an alliance' Part Three: why should we care Chapter Eight - Evan Resnick, 'International Politics makes strange (and contentious) bedfellows: explaining US bargaining behaviour in 'alliances of convenience' Chapter Nine - Joshua Su-Ya Wu and Xiaoyu Pu, 'Much ado about nothing? The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the puzzle of 21st century alliances' Chapter Ten - Mark Rice, 'NATO's nuclear fear' Chapter Eleven - Kathleen Burk, 'Is there an Anglo-American Alliance? Or a Pact? Or anything at all?' Conclusion - Melissa Yeager and Michael McCoy Bibliography Index


This paper explores the connection between homeomorphisms of the unit circle, codimension-1 measured laminations on closed surfaces, and free actions of surface groups on IR-trees.


Abstract : A total of 14 circuits and their associated components were tested at a linac using electrons, bremsstrahlung, and photoneutrons at dose rates ranging from 10 to the 7th power to 5 x 10 to the 11th power rad (Si)/sec and neutron fluences to 10 to the 15th power n/sq/cm. Eight of these circuits, representative of the 1966 microcircuit market and including monolithic, oxide isolation, and MOS constructions, were tested at room temperature only. These all failed in the dose rate range of 2 x 10 to the 7th power to 10 to the 9th power rads (Si)/sec. Six additional circuits that were tested previously were retested at various temperatures ranging from -50 C to 125 C. These temperature dependence studies indicated only small effects at the high ionization rates studied. Additional studies using a neodymium glass laser indicated temperature effects on component and circuit responses were similar to those expected from the subsequent variations in lifetime and mobility. Laser studies also revealed that the base-substrate competition for collector charge in junction-isolated transistors is strongly affected by electric fields set up in the collector region by current passing through the collector bulk resistivity from the respective junctions. These fields enhanced or retarded diffusion of carriers into the base and substrate junctions. Annealing times of the order of minutes were observed in the MOS circuits. The failure mechanism for all circuits irradiated with neutrons was the transistor gain degradation. (Author)


The significance of the Government in Economic Development is an old problem,as well as a new one.From the long low development of the Japanese economy to the Asian Economic Crisis,this problem confronts challenges under the new environment.From an empirical and practical angle,this article tries to find out certain kind of operating rules and orientation from the experiences of the developing countries in East Asia and our country's modernization drive.


Abstract LGBTQ individuals may be at risk for suicidal behavior due to perceived stigma and psychopathology. However, protective factors, such as community connectedness, may reduce risk. We examined depression and anxiety as mediators of the linkage between perceived stigma and suicidal behavior, and the moderating role of LGBTQ community connectedness. Among our sample of LGBTQ persons (N = 496), psychopathology mediated the association between perceived stigma and suicidal behavior. Connectedness moderated the relation between perceived stigma and depression, and between perceived stigma and suicidal behavior in the anxiety model. Therapeutically addressing stigma and promoting LGBTQ community connectedness may reduce risk for suicidal behavior.


Hydrogen (H2) has the potential to replace fossil fuels as the clean energy carrier of the future, particularly if it is produced by water splitting using visible light. Natural [FeFe]-hydrogenase ([FeFe]-H2ase) is known to catalyze the reversible reduction of protons to H2 with remarkable activity under mild conditions. In this respect, artificial photosynthetic systems for H2 production by using sunlight and [FeFe]-H2ase mimics have attracted much attention, and great progress has been made in recent years. This perspective paper describes our efforts to achieve H2 evolution by [FeFe]-H2ase mimics powered by a photosensitizer (PS). Covalent-linked molecular dyads and a triad, a self-assembled micelle system and a robust, inexpensive, nanocrystal CdTe system will be highlighted.


The medical course at the Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) has an innovative curriculum with active methodologies that give students a variety of possibilities for assessment in the practical field. Due to the challenge of evaluating student practice on a medical course with a competence-based curriculum, mechanisms were set up involving the classroom and the internet environment. National guidelines for medical courses were followed, as were standards set by international experts for essential elements in the evaluation of students in terms of their doctor-patient relationship. Student competencies must be assessed in fields of knowledge that range from the cognitive and affective to the psychomotor. The student activities ranged from medical practice with preceptors and contexts of different practical scenarios in different areas, to activities in the classroom, via a tutoring group with the teacher and the Virtual Learning Environment held on the Moodle Platform. All activities used as part of the students' professional practice involved some degree of difficulty at the time of evaluation. An experiment performed (in part) in the Virtual Learning Environment is outlined as a model to stimulate the students' clinical and epidemiological reasoning and assist teachers at the time of assessment. This study aims to show the construction of a proposal for the evaluation of professional practice among students in the third and fourth years of medical school guided by competence.


The Internet has a number of different namespaces used by its myriad protocols and applications. Unfortunately overloaded naming semantics are creating widespread issues. This position paper reviews the existing namespaces, current naming issues, and then proposes a strawman approach to resolving the current naming issues. 1 Existing Namespaces In the original ARPAnet, the first namespace was the address. The modern Internet primarily uses a 32-bit IPv4 address, for example 22.214.171.124, and experimentally is using the 128-bit IPv6 address. The network-layer address was originally intended for the routing of packets, but currently is misused as a host identifier by upper-layer protocols. Closely associated with the IP address is the IP Subnetwork name, which consists of a routing prefix (up to 32 bits) and a prefix length (ranging from 1 bit to 32 bits) in combination. The IP Subnetwork name is primarily used within routing protocols and the routing system. The upper-layers of the Internet Architecture have additional namespaces. Working our way up the stack, we first encounter the Connection End Point. This is the triple consisting of a host, represented as an IP Address or domain name, a transport-protocol, for example the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and a Port number, for example port 25 which is used for electronic mail sent via the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). As we approach the application-layer, we encounter the Domain name, for example cs.ucl.ac.uk, and its derivative the Mailbox name, for example email@example.com. The Mailbox normally names a specific user, though in some cases it names a set of users, for example when the Mailbox names a mailinglist. Alternately, the mailbox might provide a role-based name, for example (postmaster,webmaster)@cs.ucl.ac.uk. So we have overloaded semantics for a mailbox name, which might refer explicitly to a particular human user, other times to a set of users (e.g. mailing list), and yet other times with implicit semantics of a service name (e.g. the user(s) act as the electronic postmaster or webmaster for UCL's Department of Computer Science). Most recently, the Universal Resource Locator (URL), and its derivatives the Universal Resource Name (URN) and Universal Resource Identifier (URI) have appeared. By now the URL is familiar to nearly everyone, as it is the name used to access web content. If one wanted to read the latest news from cable-TV network CNN, one would use the URL http://www.cnn.com. In this, the first portion, http, names an invocation method, such as the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), then comes a Domain name (www.cnn.com), and then optionally the name of a specific object associated with that Domain name. The URI and URN differ from the URL in that they name objects without necessarily indicating how to locate the object on the network. In the example above, the domain name has the implicit semantics of a service name. Hence, one can see that we have overloaded semantics, whereby a domain name might sometimes refer to a host, other times to a domain (set of hosts), and yet other times to a service for the specified domain. 2 A Brief History of Naming in the Internet The network-layer address is the most fundamental namespace in a packet network and necessarily existed from the start. However, even early ARPAnet users quickly realised that a more human-friendly name was needed for hosts. This was originally implemented as a flat text file named HOSTS.TXT [Kud74]. At this time there was no concept of a heirarchical Domain name. So, for example, the UCL host attached to the ARPAnet might have been named UCL-SATNET. In the early 1980s, the University of California at Berkeley were developing the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) of the AT&T Unix operating system. For the 4.2 BSD release, UCB ported a TCP/IPv4 networking stack into Unix and of course also added the Sockets API to BSD Unix. Because there was no Domain Name System (DNS) at the time, UCB's Sockets API uses raw IP Addresses rather than supporting Domain names. The Domain Name System (DNS) was deployed in the late 1980s and enhanced the previous host name system in at least two major ways[MD88]. Domain names are explicitly hierarchical, which simplified name administration. Also, the DNS included a protocol used for resolving Domain names into addresses. Since its original deployment, the DNS has been extended with service location capabilities, for example using the MX, KX, or SRV resource records. In modern usage, a Domain name might be used to name a single host, an administrative domain, a service, or even a cluster of servers that are masquerading as a single host. These overloaded semantics make the DNS more complex, and in some ways less useful. Early on, IPv4 addresses had an implicit network mask; by examining the first octet, one could determine which of three classes the network was in and hence which network mask (either 8, 16, or 24 bits) was associated with the address. This inflexibility, combined with ad-hoc address allocation practices led to excessive routing table growth in the early 1990s. This was fixed by the combination of class-less routing, where a variable-length network mask was explicitly specified, and more systematic address allocation policies. For many reasons, including simplified address management and perceived security advantages, Network Address Translation (NAT) has come into common use. 3 Current Naming Issues At first glance, it might appear that the Internet already has a relatively rich set of namespaces. However, there are several significant current issues. The implicit overloading of Domain names to names of services, rather than names of hosts, for example www.cnn.com, creates issues. Also, the current scheme is unable to support multiple instances of a given service (e.g. on different TCP ports) on a single host. There is a clear need to create explicit service


Using light and electron microscopy, several characteristics of the interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes in embryonic cells Cyclops kolensis (Lill) before and after chromatin diminution were studied. We detected a reduction, as a result of chromatin diminution, of one of the two nucleoli in somatic cells. However, the ratio of the total diameter of the nucleoli to the diameter of the nucleus or to the diameter of the cell remained unchanged. Granules of the chromatin to be eliminated became visible in the somatic cells of the C. kolensis embryos at the interphase of the fourth cleavage division. The structure of interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes of somatic cells of C. kolensis embryos is different before and after chromatin diminution. Possible mechanisms underlying these differences are discussed. 13 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.


The core device of gas absorption spectroscopy real-time monitoring system is open optical absorption cell. According to the transmission matrix theory and ABCD rule of q parameter, optical absorption cell structure composed of two opposing C-Lensis designed, and its simulation and optimization is realized under ZEMAX physical optics model. Preliminary parameters obtained from the theoretical analysis of the structure are optimized in ZEMAX, and the suitable optimization function is used for correcting aberration and to get parameters of absorption cell structure with a working distance of100.39 cmafter gradually optimization. Gaussian beam waist radius from one end of the fiber output as 5.2μm, after C-Lens focusing and collimating, is coupled to the other end of the fiber output with waistradius of5.48μm, and the coupling efficiency of optical absorption cell for methane near-infrared laser is up to 92%.Experiments show the stability of the optical absorption cell and a high coupling efficiency, which is suitable for methane gas open optical gas sensing and online monitoring applications.


Ian Poole explores ways to improve the utilisation ratio of designs, and encourages engineers to challenge assumptions that favour rationalisation over optimisation.


Developing reliable and robust face verification systems has been a tough challenge in computer vision, for several decades. The variation in illumination and head pose may seriously inhibit the accuracy of two-dimensional face recognition. With the invention of a depth map sensor, more three-dimensional volume data can be processed to mitigate the problem associated with face verification. This paper presents a three-dimensional face verification approach that includes three phases. First, point cloud library is applied to estimate features such as normal vectors and principal curvatures of every point on a human face point cloud acquired from three-dimensional depth sensor. Next, we adopt deep belief networks to train the identification model using extracted features. Finally, face verification is accomplished by using the pre-trained deep belief networks to justify if new incoming face point cloud feature is the one we specified. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system performs exceptionally well with about 96.43% verification accuracy.


Abstract : This report describes the investigation and interpretation of the Knight shifts of nonmagnetic atoms alloyed with elements of the first transition series. All Knight shifts are reported as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The linewidths of all observed resonances are als6 reported as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Two samples of NiAl were studied. Sample I was composed of 52 at .% aluminum and 48 at .% nickel. Sample II contained equal atomic percentages of nickel and aluminum. The effects of cold working and annealing on the resonance intensity and linewidth in these alloys 1re discussed. Resonance line intensity measurements in Sample I also yield information about the range of quadrupolar fields arising from point defects in NiAl. (Author)


In order to detect and deal with the anomaly of resource in large-scale grid applications in time,a multi-agent dynamic resource self-maintenance mechanism(MADOM)was proposed.The concept of monitoring domain and master agent was defined.Global resource view could be acquired through interaction among inter-domain master agents.Based on the view,resource maintenance action could be taken to ensure the resource state consistency.Analysis results show that MADOM can not only improve scalability and reliability of distributed application system,but also has low spatial complexity and message complexity.Therefore it is capable of supporting any large scale distributed application.


With the progress of society and development of network technology,fundamental changes happened in the approach and contents of demand of rural information network resources.Therefore,to build the network platform in the rural areas to achieve resource sharing,will help speed up the construction of new countryside.This paper analyzed the present situation of information dissemination in the rural areas as well as the problems and advantages to build new rural network,and explored how to build the new rural network.


Abstract Blindness of the cornea is the major cause of blindness globally. Many approaches and strategies have been developed to replace or regenerate damaged cornea. Different biomaterials like biopolymeric hydrogels with excellent mechanical & physical properties have been used for the regeneration of corneal tissue. In this review, we focused on using the different types of hydrogels throughout in-vivo studies for the regeneration of corneal epithelial tissue. Graphical Abstract


The present invention relates to a connector mechanism and electronic device having the connection means, the connection means for connecting the electronic device to the first main portion and the second main portion, the connecting mechanism comprises a positioning bar, the angle adjusting lever and the main lever, including main lever disposed opposite the first end, a second end and a positioning teeth disposed between the first and second ends, a first end slidably disposed on the main portion of the first electronic device, including the angle adjusting lever disposed opposite the third end and a fourth end, the angle adjusting lever can be provided on the second main portion of an electronic device, comprising a fifth jumper end disposed opposite and sixth end, a second end pivotally connected to a third terminal of the angle adjusting lever , the sixth and the fourth end end pivotally connected to the jumper, the fifth terminal is able to slide along a direction toward the first end extending direction of the main stem, and the portion of the card so that the tooth cogging jumper can be stopped relative to the main rod sliding position, so as to locate the relative angle of the first main portion and the second main portion.


Introduction. 1. Linear regression models. 2. Linear methods in nonlinear regression models. 3. Univariate regression models. 4. The structure of a multivariate nonlinear regression model and properties of L2 estimators. 5. Nonlinear regression models: computation of estimators and curvatures. 6. Local approximations of probability densities and moments of estimators. 7. Global approximations of densities of L2 estimators. 8. Statistical consequences of global approximations especially in flat models. 9. Nonlinear exponential families. References. Basic symbols. Subject index.


It is evident that the design selection of current waste treatment control systems in domestic medium and small cities still reserve the trace of the large-scale waste treatment control systems.The adoption of the large-scale and complex control system is a very prominent and common phenomenon.The application of Siemens S7-300 PLC soft-redundant system in the medium and small urban waste treatment control system is introduced.The working principle of soft-redundant system,design selection,network configuration and the application experience in the medium and small urban waste treatment control systems are described.The actual application proves that the system not only guarantee the reliability,stability,and real-time,but also reduce the project construction cost.


The invention relates to a power adjustable microwave heating dryer. At least two microwave radiation circuit units are arranged in the dryer. Every microwave radiation circuit unit consists of a contactor, a high-voltage transformer and a corresponding group of three magnetrons. Three input coils of the high-voltage transformer are relatively connected with three output terminals of the contactor. Three output coils of the high-voltage transformer are relatively connected with the three magnetrons. In the microwave radiation circuit units, the electromagnetic coil of the contactor of at leastone microwave radiation circuit unit is connected with a power controller circuit for intermittent power supply. The reasonable match between the microwave radiation circuit unit and the load can beeffectively improved. The utilization of the energy and the quality of drying (heating) are improved. The (heating) drying total power is easy to be controlled at the same time, which is beneficial tothe process of materials with different kinds and the reasonable operation of the microwave (heating) dryer under different processing capacity conditions.


In the present article the author makes an attempt to determine her position towards the enterprise management system restructuring. The author defines the problem of traditional economic methods used to estimate the level of the management system effectiveness. It is suggested to use special effectiveness criteria as a universal instrument in a situation of management system restructuring.


title inscribed in image l.l. blind stamp in image l.l.: a.w. marshall's / studios devonport further information about ship inscribed on verso.


Background: CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is FDA approved for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) and variants. Due to active lymphoma, "bridging" therapy may be needed to maintain disease control during the 3 or more weeks required for autologous CAR T manufacturing. Bridging therapy was not allowed in trials of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), but could improve outcomes by reducing tumor burden. Bridging chemotherapy is one option, however toxicity and chemo-refractory disease are potential concerns. Here we report a case series of patients receiving bridging radiation therapy (XRT) prior to axi-cel therapy, of which the majority had double hit lymphoma.
 Patient Characteristics: As of July 31, 2018 eight patients received XRT as part of their bridging therapies. Overall, patients had a median of 3 prior lines of chemotherapy (range 2 to 5). Two were primary refractory to their first two lines of chemotherapy. Six of the 8 patients had double hit lymphoma by FISH. All patients received 3-4 Gy per fraction to a total median dose of 20 Gray (range 9 - 30 Gy). The most commonly used regimen was 30 Gy in 10 fractions (3/7 patients). Four patients received bridging chemotherapy in addition to XRT, mainly oral cytoxan. In 2 patients the XRT was given up until the day of leukapheresis and in 1 of these patients it was continued after leukapheresis. In 6 additional patients the XRT started after leukapheresis. Overall, XRT was completed at a median of 9 days (range 3 - 22 days) prior to starting Flu/Cy conditioning. The median mass diameter receiving XRT was 13.6 cm (range 3 - 30 cm).
 Outcomes: No significant adverse events were noted at the local site of XRT before or after CAR T infusion. Response assessment within the field of radiation is complicated by a short duration between end of XRT and restaging prior to Flu/Cy conditioning. Nonetheless, only one patient experienced progressive disease in-field after XRT and most had stable disease in-field. Of the 4 cases where the baseline LDH was elevated, only the patient with PD saw their LDH rise after the completion of XRT, while the other 3 of 4 patients had declining LDH at the time of Flu/Cy conditioning.
 In 7 patients evaluable for toxicity, there was one case of severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This event occurred in the patient who progressed through XRT and had rising LDH and declining performance status prior to CAR T infusion (this patient later died of infection). In the other 6 patients the maximum CRS was grade 1 or 2. Three out of the 7 patients had grade 3 or 4 CAR T related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES). For lymphoma outcomes at day 30, 1 patient was in CR, 2 patients PR, 2 patients with SD and 1 patient with PD (Lugano criteria). Two patients are evaluable at day 90 with PR, although one of these patients subsequently relapsed at month 4 (in-field to the prior radiation).
 Conclusions: Bridging XRT (with or without chemotherapy) can be safely administered and provides disease control in refractory poor risk DLBCL patients prior to axi-cel therapy. All patients were able to receive axi-cel. CAR T-related toxicity occurred, but in this case series was most likely related to disease aggressiveness (6 of 8 patients were double hit) and tumor burden. Further research should focus on the immunologic effects of XRT and its impact on CAR T cell efficacy and toxicity.
 Table. Table.

 Chavez: Humanigen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Merck: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Davila:Celyad: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Locke:Cellular BioMedicine Group Inc.: Consultancy; Kite Pharma: Other: Scientific Advisor; Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Other: Scientific Advisor.


A wiring directly connected to the pixel conversion element or, by both being disposed in the frame region around a predetermined image display region; electro-optical devices with on the TFT array substrate, are arranged in the image display area of the display electrode and patterning the at least one portion of the configured circuit element. Further, in a portion with a rim area, at least partially cover the lower side of the light shielding film pattern portions from the TFT array substrate side. Accordingly, in the liquid crystal electro-optical device apparatus or the like, it is provided to prevent the cause dark pattern due to the pattern portion of the wiring and the circuit element constituting the frame region of the display image is reflected in the vicinity of the edge.


A two-year Urban Mass Transportation Administration Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) project in Danville, Illinois, tested the first application of the concept of the user-side subsidy to fixed-route transit for the general population. The Transportation Systems Center was responsible for evaluating the demonstration and contracted with Crain and Associates for this purpose. Service was provided by private contractors, who were selected on a competitive basis every four months. Payment to providers, which was based on the number of prepurchased tickets used by passengers to pay for rides and then turned over to the city, was intended to create an incentive for designing and providing good, efficient service tailored to the existing demand. The system, called the Runaround, proved workable but administratively expensive. Only two providers participated, which indicated a lack of effective competition, although on most routes good service appears to have been supplied at a reasonable cost. The major provider adopted a very conservative negotiating position; the result was that payment was effectively on a fixed-price rather than per-passenger basis. Although unproductive service was dropped under the user-side subsidy arrangement, a full test of the concept's effectiveness has yet to be considered. (Author)


never-smokers (3). This study has limitations, some of which highlight the unique challenges of studying rural COPD. Although NHANES was designed to be representative of U.S. demographics, it does not sample all 50 states. Rural residents faced a greater burden of COPD in the West, Midwest, and South, but data were not available for adults living in isolated rural areas of the Northeast (Figure 2). This underscores the need to build a more robust infrastructure to investigate COPD in understudied rural areas. We also note that although GOLD guidelines recommend postbronchodilator spirometry to confirm airflow obstruction, the primary analyses used prebronchodilator spirometry to capture the most participant data; post-bronchodilator spirometry was only available for a subset of participants. Multiple large epidemiologic studies have described a strong correlation between preand post-bronchodilator spirometry in predicting outcomes, and lower-limit-of-normal values, which define obstruction according to ATS criteria, are determined using prebronchodilator spirometry (10). Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis that applied the GOLD criteria of FEV1/FVC, 0.70 for individuals with post-bronchodilator spirometry produced results consistent with those obtained in the primary analysis. Lastly, there is a need for individual-level environmental exposure assessments in future studies to better quantify the contribution of factors such as secondhand smoke and heating with solid fuels to disease development in rural areas—a limitation of the present study. Despite these limitations, by using an approach that allowed us to uniquely link multiple nationally representative studies, we confirmed that individuals living in rural areas are at increased risk for spirometry-defined COPD and face greater respiratory morbidity. Further studies are now needed to better understand the risk factors that are unique to rural regions and enable the development of strategies to improve respiratory health and reduce disparities. n


1. Finding narrative in clinical practice 2. The mimetic question 3. The checkers game: clinical actions in quest of a narrative 4. Therapeutic plots 5. The self in narrative suspense: therapeutic plots and life plots 6. Some moments are more narrative than others 7. Therapeutic plots, healing rituals, and the creation of significant experience.


In a recent report, Keren et al. (1) described a case in which the Sebia semiautomated electrophoresis method failed to demonstrate proteinuria in a 50-fold concentrated urine sample despite the presence of >2 g/24 h total protein. The reason for this failure was attributed to the presence of debris associated with cellular elements that interfered with the wicking of the urine into the microporous membrane applicator. The manufacturer is aware of such problems and recommends centrifugation of turbid urine samples. In our laboratory, all urine samples are systematically centrifuged (10 min at 1124 g ), and to date, we have not encountered such a failure of …


In the paper,based on the study of the material of fibre reinforcement soil, the method of multilayer elastic system analysis is employed to analyse pavement surface deflection,flexural tensile stress of fibre semi-rigid basic level and influence of subsoil modulus.The nonlinear property of the reflection and flexural tensil stress and the thickness of fibre semi-rigid basic level are obtained.


In this paper we develop a reduced-complexity detection scheme for shaped-offset quadrature phase-shift keying (SOQPSK), a highly bandwidth-efficient constant-envelope modulation. The detector is based on the well-known pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) representation of continuous phase modulation (CPM). Since SOQPSK is a ternary CPM, we show how the binary-based PAM technique is extended to accommodate the ternary case. We demonstrate that a detector based on the first two PAM components requires a simple trellis of only 4 states. We show that near-optimum performance is achieved using this reduced-complexity detector. The potential complexity reduction can be quite large, since one version of SOQPSK requires a trellis of 512 states.


There have not been any significant technological advancements being made in agricultural sector as compared to other sectors. Irrigation system needs to be monitored on a regular basis. The first aim of the project is to reduce the wastage by automating the entire irrigation system. The three-phase supply system in now available worldwide, except perhaps in some rural areas where only a single phase supply is available. The second aim of our project is to tackle this issue, thereby enabling the operation of these pumps even in the absence of three phase supply.


The performance of higherorder Ambisonics (HOA) signals obtained using spherical harmonics decomposition method is disturbed by two primary sources of errors, the noise pollution in low-frequency band and the spatial aliasing in high-frequency band. Inspired by the HOA signals upscale method, which is performed using the sparse character of the sound field, this paper propose a sound field decomposition model based on a sparse deep neural network that offers HOA signals with wider frequency bandwidth. We use the frequency domain multi-scale convolutional network to realize the spherical harmonics decomposition, as well as learning the spatial aliasing pattern, based on which the aliasing-free HOA signals can be derived. Besides, we apply a sparse encoding network to cpature the sparse feature of the sound field which will improve the model performance when the sparse condition is satisfied. The experiments results prove that the proposed model can obtain HOA signals with wider frequency range of operation under multiple sources (up to 10 sources) and low reverberant environments (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{60}\le$</tex-math></inline-formula> 400 ms). When the sparsity feature cannot be satisfied (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{60} =$</tex-math></inline-formula> 800 ms), the proposed network model still maintain the same performance as the traditional methods.


Abstract Objectives Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare form of breast carcinoma for which there is currently no standard treatment. Case presentation We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with enlargement in her left breast who was diagnosed with metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma by core needle biopsy. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy. The immunohistochemistry showed it was a triple-negative breast cancer: progesterone receptor-negative (PR-), estrogen receptor-negative (ER-), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 -negative (HER2-). The patient received 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin. One year later, she developed lung metastases from squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical results remained triple-negative (ER-, PR- and HER2-). The patient then received gemcitabine combined with immunotherapy. The patient has been assessed as stable disease so far. Conclusions Immunotherapy combined with gemcitabine showed good efficacy in the treatment of metastatic metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the breast after nab-paclitaxel combined with platinum-based therapy.


This thesis is aimed at possibilities of coordination of light signalization equipment functioning on the route draft I/26 trought the city Pilsen. The work is focused on a specification of characteristics of a traffic flow at given sections, finding of travelling time, description and eventual quantification of selected elements of traffic subscriber´s behaviour. The coordination of signal plans is based on optimization calculations.


The traditional, geometrical rotating vector model (RVM) has proved particularly poor at capturing the polarization sweeps of the young energetic and millisecond pulsars detected by Fermi. We augment this model by including finite altitude effects using a swept back vacuum dipole geometry. By further including the effects of orthogonal mode jumps, multiple emission altitudes, open zone growth via y-point lowering, and interstellar scattering, we show that a wide range of departures from RVM can be modeled well while retaining a geometrical picture. We illustrate these effects by fitting six Fermi-detected pulsars (J0023+0923, J1024−0719, J1744−1134, J1057−5226, J1420−6048, and J2124−3358) and we describe how such modeling can improve our understanding of their emission geometry.


The files of the Plock-Ciechanów Gestapo are one of the few archival collections documenting the fate of the Jews in the small ghettos north of Warsaw. The archive reveals how the secret police controlled the Jewish population during the final months before "evacuation" to the camps in 1942. The archive also shows that the Jews refused to acquiesce in the Nazi policy of extermination. After the ghettos were liquidated, survivors either fled to the forests or sought refuge among the overwhelmingly Polish rural population.


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Hirschsprung disease, or congenital aganglionosis, is believed to be oligogenic-that is, caused by multiple genetic factors. We performed whole-genome sequence analyses of patients with Hirschsprung disease to identify genetic factors that contribute to disease development and analyzed the functional effects of these variants.

METHODS
We performed whole-genome sequence analyses of 443 patients with short-segment disease, recruited from hospitals in China and Vietnam, and 493 ethnically matched individuals without Hirschsprung disease (controls). We performed genome-wide association analyses and gene-based rare-variant burden tests to identify rare and common disease-associated variants and study their interactions. We obtained induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from 4 patients with Hirschsprung disease and 2 control individuals, and we used these to generate enteric neural crest cells for transcriptomic analyses. We assessed the neuronal lineage differentiation capability of iPSC-derived enteric neural crest cells using an in vitro differentiation assay.

RESULTS
We identified 4 susceptibility loci, including 1 in the phospholipase D1 gene (PLD1) (P = 7.4 × 10-7). The patients had a significant excess of rare protein-altering variants in genes previously associated with Hirschsprung disease and in the β-secretase 2 gene (BACE2) (P = 2.9 × 10-6). The epistatic effects of common and rare variants across these loci provided a sensitized background that increased risk for the disease. In studies of the iPSCs, we observed common and distinct pathways associated with variants in RET that affect risk. In functional assays, we found variants in BACE2 to protect enteric neurons from apoptosis. We propose that alterations in BACE1 signaling via amyloid β precursor protein and BACE2 contribute to pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease.

CONCLUSIONS
In whole-genome sequence analyses of patients with Hirschsprung disease, we identified rare and common variants associated with disease risk. Using iPSC cells, we discovered some functional effects of these variants.


Digital image analysis was applied to quantify the degradation of muscle in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Pisces: Moronidae) larvae. The measure obtained was the percentage muscle fibre separation (MFS). This measurement was compared to that obtained through classical scoring. The percentage MFS classified correctly a larger number of larvae from different feeding treatments (Fed, Starved and Delayed treatments) and paralleled nutritional condition, both by age and by size. It also yielded a significant correlation with the survival of the Starved larvae. The onset of the mass mortality of Starved larvae was used to define a critical value (Mmax) of 6% MFS which would severely handicap survival. We regard MFS as a useful contribution to the determination of condition in fish larvae. It is a relatively fast quantitative method, and its use would reduce the bias caused by discrete grading (scores) and by differences in individual expertise.


Modern industrial plant operations often require accurate level measurement of process liquids in production and storage vessels. A variety of advanced level indicators are commercially available to meet the demand, but these may not suit specific need of situations. The neutron backscatter technique is exceptionally useful for occasional and routine determination, particularly in situations such as pressure vessel with wall thickness up to 10 cm, toxic and corrosive chemical in sealed containers, liquid petroleum gas storage vessels. In level measurement, high energy neutrons from 241Am-Be radioactive source are beamed onto a vessel. Fast neutrons are slowed down mostly by collision with hydrogen atoms of material inside the vessel. Parts of thermal neutron are bounced back towards the source. By placing a thermal detector next to the source, these backscatter neutrons can be measured. The number of backscattered neutrons is directly proportional to the concentration of the hydrogen atoms in front of the...


In this paper, we focus on network structure inference problem for linear-quadratic (LQ) games from best-response dynamics. An adversary is considered to have no knowledge of the game network structure but have the ability to observe all players' best-response actions and manipulate some players' actions. This work presents a comprehensive framework for network learning from best-response dynamics in LQ games. First of all, we establish theoretic results that characterize network structure identifiability and provide numerical examples to demonstrate the usefulness of our theoretic results. Next, in the face of the inherent stability and sparsity constraints for the game network structure, we propose an information-theoretic stable and sparse system identification algorithm for learning the network structure. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed learning algorithm is tested. The connection between network structure inference problem and classical system identification theory is covered by our work, which advances the literature.


A novel approach to realize a miniature fuel cell power source by combining thin film solid-oxide or proton exchange membrane electrolyte-electrode materials with MEMS techniques to integrate a fuel cell stack monolithically on a manifolded host structure is described. This architecture enable a scalable, portable fuel cell power source system for a broad range of applications having power requirements in the 10 W regime. The MEMS approach offers a direct means to integrate the fuel cell stack with required manifolding and fuel delivery system, while providing the means to control the performance of the power source for specific applications. Results describing the fabrication, integration, and testing of MEMS-based fuel cells are presented below.


The grant initiated nine basic and applied research projects to improve fundamental understanding and performance of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, to explore innovative methods for hydrogen production and storage, and to address the critical issues and barriers to commercialization. The focus was on catalysis, hydrogen production and storage, membrane durability and flow modeling and characterization of Gas Diffusion Media. Three different types of equipment were purchase with this grant to provide testing and characterization infrastructure for fuel cell research and to provide undergraduate and graduate students with the opportunity to study fuel cell membrane design and operation. They are (i) Arbin Hydrogen cell testing station, (ii) MTS Alliance RT/5 material testing system with an ESPEC custom-designed environmental chamber for membrane Durability Testing and (iii) Chemisorption for surface area measurements of electrocatalysts. The research team included ten faculty members who addressed various issues that pertain to Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Production and Storage, Fuel Cell transport mechanisms. Nine research tasks were conducted to address the critical issues and various barriers to commercialization of Fuel Cells. These research tasks are subdivided in the general areas of (i) Alternative electrocatalysis (ii) Fuel Processing and Hydrogen Storage and (iii) Modeling and Characterizationmore » of Membranes as applied to Fuel Cells research.. The summary of accomplishments and approaches for each of the tasks is presented below« less


Nepal has a considerable hydropower potentiality, however the analysis of Kaligandaki River Basin optimization of power potentiality and subsequently identified two critical impacts of climate change-GLOF's and variability of runoff along with temperature difference are most pronounced during the dry winter season, and least during the height of the monsoon. In Himalaya region the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has indicated that global warming is occurring relatively faster in recent decades, with the rate of temperature increase being greater in the high altitude Himalaya, then lowland parts of Nepal [1]. It is more susceptible to impacts of climate change than a reservoir based hydro installation, on meteorological data obtained from Lete station, near a hydropower project site (Kaligandaki Gorge Hydropower), precipitation patterns slightly increase of 0.28mm, however overall steeply decreasing trend at Jomsom station. This study reveals the optimization of power potentiality at Kaligandaki River Basin and impacts of Climate change in Kaligandaki George Hydropower projects a case study. In this basin, power potentiality area some hydropower station and their energy production fluctuations over the season reflect the climate change impacts to the hydropower production in Nepal as a whole.


Fish find all forms of handling stressful. They struggle during capture both in and out of their natural environment and can easily suffer significant damage to their epidermis (which is external to the scales). This chapter considers physical restraint, sedation and anaesthesia, inhalation anaesthesia, parental anaesthesia, non-chemical anaesthesia and euthanasia.


The stow net now used in the Yellow Sea, are traditional bag net with the opening held by a lighter upper and a weighted lower beams standing against the current. Such bag net anchored at the bottom are known in many countries, particularly in the estuaries of large rivers, but more rarely in sea fisheries, because they are too much affected by the weather, moreover a permanent strong current is necessary. Some scientists intended to improve this fishing gear, using the shearing devices instead of a lighter upper and a weighted lower beams in order to widen mouth of the stow net however they are unsuccessful. One-fortieth scale model net of the stow net was tested in a circular water tank with an effective volume of of observing the configuration and tension of the net. Experiments were carried out under the various combination including water velocity, spherical floats and elevating floats with the shearing hoods instead of the upper beam. We found those devices offered a very low resistance per net area to current compared with the spherical floats or upper beam, and had a fairly good shearing power at any velocity and direction of the current. The total resistance (R) of the model net to which shearing hoods and floats are attached can be induced by the following formula under the condition of 0.25m/sec to 0.5m/sec, The height (h) of the improved model net (m-B) is higher than traditional model net(m-A) with upper and lower beams, m-A: h(cm)=89.22-2.42(V-15). m-B: h(cm)=89.20-0.78V (V:cm/sec) The catch efficiency of improved model net is 1.5 times traditional model net.


Since the time of its foundation (1990) the Slovak National Party (SNS) has been able to pool approximately 5-10 % of votes. During most of its 15 years existence there was a permanent crisis in the party and one could observe numerous clashes between particular groups in the Slovakian party system. As a result of this in-party fragmentation the SNS disintegrated in 2001. Following the division of supporter's votes between two successor parties, the SNS lost its parliament representation. This was the main impulse for the antagonized leaders to change their relations and start a process of integration which was successfully finished on March 3rd 2005 – the 15th anniversary of the party. From the beginning of 2005, the SNS has been enjoying growing popularity (7%) and has a good chance to succeed in the next parliamentary elections in autumn 2006.


Multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, was synthesized via conventional solid-state reaction method using Bi2O3, Fe2O3 as starting materials. Effects of Bi2O3/Fe2O3 molar ratio and calcination temperature on the phase composition, morphology and magnetic properties of produced powders were systematically studied using XRD, FESEM/EDS and VSM techniques, respectively. The results revealed that BiFeO3 phase with rhombohedral R3c structure with a mean particle size of 40 nm was formed in the sample processed with a Bi2O3/Fe2O3 molar ratio of 1:1 after calcination at 800 °C. Rietveld analysis which was applied to the x-ray diffraction data via MAUD software indicated high purity of 95%wt for the above sample. Deviation from the stoichiometric molar ratio (Bi2O3/Fe2O3: 0.9, 1.1, 1.2) yielded higher content of the intermediate phases of Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi25FeO40. FESEM studies showed that the mean particle size was increased from 40 to 62 nm by increasing calcination temperature from 800 to 850 °C. VSM results for 1:1 molar ratio samples indicated that increasing the calcination temperature from 800 to 850 °C increased saturation magnetization (Ms) from 0.087 to 0.116 emu/g and also coercive field (Hc) from 60 to 100 Oe.


This research examines cases studies in the Uuited States on the use of Te Whariki and learning stories, which are integrated curricula for young children originally developed in New Zealand. At the same time, it sheds light on speci fic learning experiences engendered by one-year-old children in Japan, and on the stance of the nursery teachers who watch over them. Our results indicate that learning stories facil itated the formulation of specifics of the process of exposing children to objects up through the fostering of the learning environment. Also, it was clear that the tendency of the nursery teachers to be "sympathetic observers" their stance as they actively addressed this process served to foster circumstances encouraging the children to continue to challenge themselves.


1. Introduction - Issues of Identity in the South Asian Diaspora 2. Diasporic Subjectivity as an Ethical Position 3. Another world of experience? Transnational contexts and the experiences of South Asian Americans 4. Revisiting the UK Muslim diasporic public sphere at a time of terror: from local (benign) invisible spaces to seditious conspiratorial spaces and the 'failure of multiculturalism' discourse 5. 'My language, my people': language and ethnic identity among British born South Asians 6. The Sikh gurdwara in Finland: negotiating, maintaining and transmitting immigrants' identities 7. Communal networks and gender: placing identities among South Asians in Kenya 8. Trajectory of social mobility: Asian Indian children coming of age in New York City 9. The power of technology: a qualitative analysis of how South Asian youth use technology to maintain cross-gender relationships 10. Place of subcaste (jati) identity in the discourse on caste: examination of caste in the diaspora


Results from the case-study in Belgrade injecting drug users are presented here featuring the discussion on injecting occurring within the versatility of places belong to the public space. The attention is paid mostly to the certain type of physical risk environment which is specific to Belgrade injecting scene, called "shtek", but risk production and risk management are reviewed also taking into consideration other types of physical environments.


party in the early 2000s. The only case that supports the democratizing effects of federal control is in the chapter by Edward Gibson and Desmond King describing the US experience in slowly and gradually dismantling its southern enclaves of one-party rule by Supreme Court rulings and legislative action. Local "activation" is found in Celina Souza's chapter on Bahía in Brazil. Here, local constituencies (including the judiciary) increasingly opposed the long-lived subnational regime led by Antonio Carlos Magalhães after 2001. However, Souza herself calls the 2006 transition by an election opposition win "policy-led". She stresses that the expansion of federal pro-poor cash transfer programmes made state-level clientelistic control of rural voters more difficult. Thus, there appears to be a mismatch between the volume's theoretical ambitions and empirical findings. Beyond the substance of the editors' theoretical framework, its scope conditions are also open to question. Is the prevalence of subnational illiberal practices – that are driven in part by local, sociologically fertile ground for a lack of political accountability – limited to federal democracies? The authors themselves concur that their analysis is more relevant to unitary democracies like Colombia, Ukraine, and the Philippines than to federations like Canada and Germany. But why not also study territorial variation in authoritarian regimes? Russia – as is clear from Saikkonen's chapter – is an obvious example. So are Burma, Ethiopia, and Pakistan for long periods of their history. Or to mention other country cases treated in the volume, to a lesser extent Brazil under military rule and Mexico during the Institutional Revolutionary Party hegemony. The editors and authors speak mostly to readers already interested in subnational aspects of democratization. However, scholars of national regimes and regime change should also pay attention. Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India, has more citizens than Egypt, France, and Colombia combined. The volume contains a number of deeply researched empirical pieces on subnational illiberal regime practices in the world's most populous countries and a welcome geographical expansion of the research agenda beyond the Americas. Scholars of comparative democratization, both national and subnational, should take note of it.


The environments provided by the Orbiter vehicle and by the Spacelab will differ substantially from the environment provided by prior spacecraft. The specific design limits for each environmental parameter and expected operating characteristics are presented for both the Orbiter and the Spacelab. The environments are compared with those of earlier spacecraft and with the normal earth laboratory. Differences between the spacecraft environments and the normal laboratory environment and the impact of these differences on experiments and equipment design are discussed.


Abstract In this paper, we consider the Lidstone boundary value problem, y (2 m ) ( t ) =  f ( y ( t ),…, y (2 j ) ( t ),… y (2( m  − 1)) ( t )), 0 ≤  t  ≤ 1, y (2 i ) (0) = 0 =  y (2 i ) (1), 0 ≤  i  ≤  m  − 1, where (−1) m f  > 0. Growth conditions are imposed on f and inequalities involving an associated Green's function are employed which enable us to apply the Leggett–Williams Fixed Point Theorem to cones in ordered Banach spaces. This in turn yields the existence of at least three positive symmetric concave solutions. The emphasis here is that f depends on higher order derivatives.


By the methods of ISM interpretationstructural model, relevant matrix and step analysis, the key factors of quality education are quantitatively analyzed Some advice for leaders about how to make decisions and for teachers about to what should they pay their attention in teaching activities is given.


There are many difficult in building fire prevention and explosion prevention,process fire prevention and explosion prevention of big acetylene workshop.Fire security measures were put forward based on fire hazard identification,research on fire risk and security of the workshop with sample of 400,000 t/a acetylene workshop in Inner Mongolia YILI Chemical Industry CO.,LTD..


Expression of erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPO‐R) was analysed in leukaemia cells from 150 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). EPO‐R was expressed in 81 (60%) out of 136 AML, and in vitro treatment with EPO led to proliferation of leukaemia cells in 13 (16%) out of 81 AML examined. EPO‐R expression and in vitro response to EPO were observed in all subtypes of AML according to the French–American–British (FAB) classification. All eight patients with FAB‐M6 expressed EPO‐R, and one out of four showed an in vitro response to EPO. Although there was no significant correlation (r = 0.2522) between the amount of EPO‐R and the in vitro response to EPO, all of the AML patients who showed in vitro response expressed EPO‐R. Stem cell factor significantly enhanced both EPO‐R expression and in vitro response to EPO. Interleukin‐3 tended to increase in vitro response to EPO. CD phenotypes, the amount of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) receptors and the amount of TPO receptors had no significant relationship with the amount of EPO‐R. Patients with both EPO‐R expression and in vitro response to EPO had shorter duration of complete remission than those without EPO‐R (P = 0.0053). EPO‐R was expressed in four (29%) out of 14 ALL, and none out of five ALL showed in vitro response to EPO.


The development characteristics of mercaptoacetic acid monobaths were compared with those of sodium thiosulfate monobaths at varying fixing-agent concentrations. The following differences were noted: (1) it required four times more moles-per-liter of sodium thiosulfate than metcaptoacetic acid to obtain the same rate of fixation; (2) the mercaptoacetic acid monobath produced less silver than the sodium thiosulfate; (3) KODAK Panatomic-X Film developed in a mercaptoacetic acid monobath had a covering power greater than or equal to that produced by development in the same phenidone^hydro quinone developer without any fixing agent, whereas the covering power of the sodium thiosulfate monobath was less; (4) the density growth of a mercaptoacetic acid monobath showed an initial sharp rise followed by a period of zero growth, whereas the sodium thiosulfate monobath showed a much longer and slower period of density growth; and (5) the time required for a mercaptoacetic acid monobath to reach its maximum density was independent of fixing-agent concentration, whereas that of a sodium thiosulfate monobath increased with decreasing fixing-agent concentration. It was concluded from the comparisons of the development characteristics of the two monobaths that the development of the mercaptoacetic acid monobath proceeded primarily by chemical development, and the development stopped before all of the exposed silver halide could be either removed from the emulsion by the mercaptoacetic acid or reduced to developed silver by the developer. The development of the sodium thiosulfate monobath proceeded initially by chemical development, but after a certain period of time, a significant amount of solution physical development occurred.


A remote velocity sensor has been developed that uses both a fiber-optic system to monitor the position of an object and a microprocessor to track the object's position and calculate its average forward velocity between fiducial points (marks on a code plate). Sensing does not require electrical power at the sensing site, and the data are transmitted to the processing site by optical fibers whose inherent advantages include essential immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). A feasibility model was designed, built, and evaluated that has a position resolution of 0.4 mm and is capable of calculating velocities up to 2.1 m/s with the particular code plate used.


Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated empirical relationships between surface soil moisture and the α′ parameter in Priestley and Taylor's version of the combination model. An evaporation study conducted at a high arctic site shows that for gravel and loamy surfaces underlain by permafrost, α′ can be expressed as the following function of soil moisture (Sm): α′ = 1.26/[exp (5.24 − 21.56 Sm) + 1] . Comparison with α′ and soil moisture relationships obtained in more temperate latitudes suggests that under drying conditions the evaporation rate will be a response to the particular site characteristics, so that there is no unique relationship between surface soil moisture and evaporation rates.


This paper presents models for making an optimal save-discard decision under a variety of assumptions. The motivating problem involves a bulk commodity that comes in a rented container.


NASA s vision for exploration will once again expand the bounds of human presence in the universe with planned missions to the Moon and Mars. To attain the numerous goals of this vision, NASA will need to develop technologies in several areas, including advanced power-generation and thermal-control systems for spacecraft and life support. The development of these systems will have to be demonstrated prior to implementation to ensure safe and reliable operation in reduced-gravity environments. The Two-Phase Flow Facility (T(PHI) FFy) Project will provide the path to these enabling technologies for critical multiphase fluid products. The safety and reliability of future systems will be enhanced by addressing focused microgravity fluid physics issues associated with flow boiling, condensation, phase separation, and system stability, all of which are essential to exploration technology. The project--a multiyear effort initiated in 2004--will include concept development, normal-gravity testing (laboratories), reduced gravity aircraft flight campaigns (NASA s KC-135 and C-9 aircraft), space-flight experimentation (International Space Station), and model development. This project will be implemented by a team from the NASA Glenn Research Center, QSS Group, Inc., ZIN Technologies, Inc., and the Extramural Strategic Research Team composed of experts from academia.


Background: Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission creates barriers in the surgical health care of patients with HIV infection. Poor awareness, prevalent misconceptions, and associated stigma lead to discrimination against HIV-infected patients. This study was carried out to assess effectiveness of a "HIV awareness program" (HAP) to educate and motivate health-care workers to provide equitable and ethical health care to HIV-infected patients. Methodology: An interventional study was conducted at a secondary level mission hospital in Central India from April 2014 to August 2015. Change in knowledge, awareness, and attitude following a multimedia "HAP" was analyzed with a "pre- and posttest design." Seventy-four staffs and trainees participated in the program. Z-test and t-test were used to check the statistical significance of the data. Results: The mean pretest score was 19.31 (standard deviation [SD]: 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.923–20.697) and the mean posttest score was 30.84 (SD: 4.8, 95% CI: 29.714–31.966). This difference was statistically significant at the 5% level with P < 0.001. Conclusions: "HAP" was effective in changing the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of the staffs and trainees of the secondary hospital toward surgical care of HIV-infected patients.


Spatially Prioritized and Persistent Text Detection and Decoding.- A Hierarchical Visual Saliency Model for Character Detection.- in Natural Scenes.- A Robust Approach to Extraction of Texts from Camera Captured Images.- Scene Text Detection via Integrated Discrimination of Component Appearance and Consensus.- Accuracy Improvement of Viewpoint-Free Scene Character Recognition by Rotation Angle Estimation.- Sign Detection Based Text Localization in Mobile Device Captured Scene Images.- Font Distribution Observation by Network-Based Analysis.- Book Page Spreads Captured with a Mobile Phone Camera.- A Dataset for Quality Assessment of Camera Captured Document Images.


An organization goes with different things that make it broad and complex. Therefore, understanding coordination as an essential for achieving a balanced organizational performance is ideal. The existence of organizations represents the desire to fulfill needs. The essential frameworks for achieving these needs are often not given adequate attention. The questions of competition, performance, and expectations are best answered through a good networking of men, material, and ideas. The main result of the research shows that the effective and efficient linkages of internal and external components of an organization help in reducing internal and external complexities.


The impingement of high speed jets on a moving surface was studied. The jet fluids were dilute suspensions of neutrally buoyant particles in water–glycerin solutions. At these low particle concentrations, the suspensions have Newtonian fluid viscosity. A variety of jet and surface velocities, solution properties, nozzle diameters, mean particle sizes, and volume fractions were studied. For each case the splash-deposition threshold was quantified. It was observed that for jets with very small particles, addition of solids to the jet enhances deposition and postpones splash relative to a particle-free water–glycerin solution with the same viscosity. In contrast, jets with larger particles in suspension were more prone to splash than single phase jets of the same viscosity. It is speculated that the change in character of the splash response for the jets with larger particles in suspension occurs when the particle diameter is comparable to the lamella thickness. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4673–4684, 2017


The tools of econometric analysis and inferential statistics reveal that senior Nazi-era judges in pre-war Germany exhibited statistically significant levels of discretion in their sentencing of individuals convicted of high treason or treason. In fact, some of these judges, though appointed to the People's Court to serve the Nazi state, were inclined to show relative leniency, within certain political limits, when taking into account the characteristics, backgrounds, affiliations, actions, and experiences of those whom they convicted. A modicum of judicial autonomy can co-exist with dictatorship so long as it enhances the efficiency of the courts and does not impugn the regime.


This paper studies the existence of nonnegative solution for a pLaplacian semipositone problem with nonlinear boundary conditions. Using variational techniques for locally Lipschitz functionals, we prove the existence of a nonnegative solution when the nonlinearity is superlinear and negative at the origin.


The synagogue at Dura-Europos is undoubtedly the most prominent of the Jewish remains uncovered at the site. Dozens of Jewish coins found in excavations throughout the city have merited far less attention. Alfred Bellinger published a list of these coins in 1949; among the corpus of 14,017 coins found altogether at the site, 47 were identified as coins minted in Judea by Jewish rulers. This study offers the first comprehensive presentation and analysis of these Jewish coins. Following a review and analysis of the limited data on all 47 Jewish coins published in the original report, a full report is presented for the six coins from the Dura collection which are currently housed at the Yale University Art Gallery. This is followed by a discussion about the possible reasons why such a large assemblage of Jewish coins found its way in antiquity from Judea to distant Dura-Europos.


With the rapid growth of the global economy,tourism has become one of the main ways people's recreational and expand their horizons,and become a part of people's lives.The contribution of inbound tourism to the growth of the national economy was the focus of researchers and government agencies.Through the Granger causality test and cointegration,impulse response function,the author thought that the inbound tourism and national economic growth has positive correlation,and such a positive correlation is significant and long-term relationship.Dynamic equilibrium relationship existed between inbound tourism and the economic growth through the establishment of the error correction model.Granger causality test showed that inbound tourism and economic growth are cause-and-effect and influenced each other.


Kolmogorov's theory for turbulence, proposed in 1941, is based on a hypothesis that small-scale statistics are uniquely determined by the kinematic viscosity and the mean rate of energy dissipation. Landau remarked that the local rate of energy dissipation should fluctuate in space over large scales and hence should affect small-scale statistics. Experimentally, we confirm the significance of this large-scale fluctuation, which is comparable to the mean rate of energy dissipation at the typical scale for energy-containing eddies. The significance is independent of the Reynolds number and the configuration for turbulence production. With an increase of scale r above the scale of largest energy-containing eddies, the fluctuation comes to have the scaling r−1∕2 and becomes close to Gaussian. We also confirm that the large-scale fluctuation affects small-scale statistics.


In response to our recent article (Stawitz et al. 2016), Mariani et al. (2017), Donlan et al. (2017) and Warner et al. (2017) raise important concerns about how our findings could be influenced by our conservation classification system, and potential conservation consequences of misinterpreting our conclusions. We respond here to emphasize our many points of agreement, to clarify that our results should not be interpreted as an overall positive impact of mislabeling on conservation, and to argue that our overall conclusions are robust to data limitations. We discovered some errors in the original manuscript, which have now been corrected in that manuscript and are described in the Supplementary Information to this Correspondence (S1). We address statistical issues raised by Donlan et al. (2017) and Warner et al. (2017) in the Supplementary Information (S2). Finally, we highlight that this study is meant to provide a broad and first analysis; we agree that subsequent finer-scale investigations will greatly inform our understanding of the ecological and financial impacts of seafood mislabeling.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved