As the company and its volume of stored products grow, errors in the products inventory checkpoint are quite common due to both human failures and the lack of additional resources. Costs also come from the need to control the inventory and the information of stored products, where companies often hire specialized professionals in products inventory and in gathering information to carry out this task. Once they are stored in a disorganized way. The system is a software for inventory control, focusing on Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) integrated into the Open Source Hardware board Radiuino, which offers great advantage because of the implementation cost. All of this resumes in a technology that is increasingly gaining share for being used in many technological areas. Based upon the information gathered, we developed a software using this technology to control the products in stock. In doing so, we monitor the ins and outs of the products flow, as well as addressing them in stock. This process facilitates the control, the maintenance and the dispatch of the internal products of the company.


RICHARD A. EISENBERG, Bryn Mawr College, USA A classic example of the power of generalized algebraic datatypes (GADTs) to verify a delicate implementation is the type-indexed expression AST. This functional pearl refreshes this example, casting it in modern Haskell using many of GHC's bells and whistles. The Stitch interpreter is a full executable interpreter, with a parser, type checker, common-subexpression elimination, and a REPL. Making heavy use of GADTs and type indices, the Stitch implementation is clean, idiomatic Haskell and serves as an existence proof that Haskell's is advanced enough for the use of fancy types in a practical setting.


Light Emitting Diode (LEDs) have the potential to deliver high energy savings. They have high efficacy, long lifetimes, and they provide some features that customers prefer and fluorescent lamps may lack. However, utilities struggle to successfully incorporate LEDs into their programs, because of challenges with cost effectiveness tests and customer skepticism. Here we present LED-related findings from four primary research studies, and various secondary sources, in the residential and nonresidential market. Price is the main barrier for customers, and residential customers generally prefer to spend less than $20 per LEDs, although this price point may vary by lamp type (e.g., slightly more for reflectors). Codes are important in encouraging LED adoption, both through high efficacy requirements, and by requiring controls or dimming, as these features are more easily met with LEDs. Performance specifications are also critical, because they encourage the installation of high quality LEDs, which will help ensure that a customer's early LED experience is positive. Pilot projects can be used to demonstrate cost effectiveness of LED projects, and to reduce customer skepticism. There are various evaluation issues, such as considering participant and nonparticipant spillover, and including the cost of all lamp replacement and maintenance in cost effectiveness calculations. Based on these and other findings, we present guidance for utilities in their design of cost-effective market interventions that also help overcome customer skepticism.


Abstract : We developed single-shot readout capability for superconducting qubits using dispersive measurements. The state of a quantum circuit is mapped unto the state of a resonant cavity which is then probed by microwave reflectometery. To maintain coherence, the cavity is weakly probed with only of order one microwave photon. Such a weak signal is detected by way of a superconducting parametric amplifier, developed with ARO support, which is nearly quantum limited in its noise performance. With this capability, we demonstrated several experimental milestones: high fidelity real time readout, active quantum feedback, and state tracking.


With the method of sampling investigation,the health and sub-health state of the intellectuals in universities of Henan province are researched in order to probe into causes,influencing factors and countermeasures of sub-health state.The results will contribute to promoting the health consciousness and health behaviors of the intellectuals and improving the intellectuals' health level,work efficiency and life quality.This will provide scientific references for drawing up intellectuals' health care measures and the countermeasures of sub-health state.


This thesis embodies the first systematic historical research of Black gospel music as a tradition in Britain, calling attention to the serious gap in knowledge so far concerning its growth amongst African Caribbean Pentecostals in Britain. Although it maintains that an underlying theme is the significance of Africa as the original birthplace of African descendants in Britain, the Caribbean and America; it opposes a one-size-fits-all universal historical account of Black gospel music, suggesting that historical knowledge so far is based on historical interpretations of the development of religious music amongst African ancestors in America. It makes the claim that African Caribbean Pentecostalism, in particular its worship practices, nurtured the musical talent of the youth in its congregations who were destined to advance Black gospel music as a tradition in Britain. Using first-hand accounts of African Caribbean Pentecostals of the post-war years in Britain, it identifies three main sources as retainers of "historical facts" representative of objects of the past that can help towards a new approach to history and heritage.


ABSTRACT The centuries-long evolution of the iconography of Niccolò Machiavelli is itself a chapter in the history of Machiavelli's reputation. As intuited by one of his foremost biographers, Oreste Tommasini, portraits of the Florentine are probably best considered as visual expressions of philosophical and literary anti-Machiavellism, which exercised, in their own way, a negative influence on the reception and interpretations of his writings. The Machiavelli who we have seen represented over the course of history in paintings, prints, and engravings may be nothing more, therefore, than a Machiavellian persona: the visual translation of a conventional and stereotypical interpretation, which considers the author of The Prince to be the champion of a politics based on duplicity, cunning, deceit, and guile. This essay examines the origins and dissemination over the centuries of 'La Testina', one of the most celebrated and widely publicized portraits of Machiavelli. The conclusion, after comparing all of the extant variants of this portrait, is that it is an unfaithful and invented graphic representation of Machiavelli, whose fortunes in publishing and in the collective imagination have kept pace with the spread of a demonizing interpretation of Machiavelli, the master of evil, well-rooted even today in mass popular culture.


Aims:  In Japan, cytological examination is performed for uterine cervical cancer screening, but the rate of participation in these programs is low. Between October 1, 2009 and March 31, 2010, free coupons for uterine cervical cancer screening were distributed to Japanese women. The Fukuoka Tuberculosis Prevention Center investigated the trends in uterine cervical cancer screening participation of Japanese women in the 6‐month screening program.


Abstract This paper presents the development and implementation of multilevel inverter (MLI)-based active power Alter (APF) using DSP of dSPACE. Implementation of MLI for APF in high-voltage system eliminates use of bulky and high-cost transformer to connect APF. This algorithm, to generate switching signal of devices, is developed in MATLAB SIMULINK. The reference signals of APF are generated by using instantaneous reactive power (p-q) theory. Carrier phase-shifted pulse width modulation (CPS-PWM) scheme is implemented to generate switching signals which reduces the individual device switching frequency. Experimental results of prototype model are presented under different loading conditions to investigate the steady-state and transient performance of the APF.


Background Hypersensitivity to light, noise and odour are pivotal clinical characteristics of migraine associated with enhanced cortical excitability and dysfunctional habituation. However, little is known about the integrity of basic sensory functioning in migraine on a population-based level. Methods A total of 129 participants with migraine (105 without aura, MwoA, 24 with aura, MA) and 522 healthy controls without headache 12 months prior to baseline were included from a sample of the DMKG study and underwent standardised clinical sensory testing of smell, taste, hearing and vision. Results After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status and history of head injuries, the chance of impaired colour perception was significantly higher in MA compared to controls (odds ratio, OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.20–8.53) and MwoA (OR = 3.62; 95% CI = 1.31–9.97). Compared to MwoA, MA also had an increased chance of smell (OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 0.98–10.42) and taste (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 0.90–7.40) impairment. Conclusions In this cross-sectional, population-based study on sensory functioning in migraine participants, colour vision was impaired interictally in MA compared to MwoA and controls.


The reaction H+O2 was investigated using translationally excited H atoms from HI photolysis in the range 227–300 nm. An increase in the reaction probability with increasing collision energy up to 175 kJ/mol followed by a decrease at higher E was observed. Rotational distributions were obtained at 240, 250, 254, 262.5, 270, 280, and 290 nm. Absolute reaction cross sections at different collision energies were measured with a calibration method using HNO3 photolysis as a reference: σR (115.7 kJ/mol)=0.18±0.10 A2, σR (145.1 kJ/mol) =0.24±0.13 A2, σR (171.9 kJ/mol)=0.65±0.36 A2, and σR (179.2 kJ/mol)=0.45 ±0.25 A2. The experimental values are compared with cross sections from trajectory calculations on an ab initio H+O2 potential energy surface. Good agreement was obtained at low and very high energies while in the intermediate range 145–210 kJ/mol the measured cross sections were considerably higher than the calculated ones. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.


ing. Maxwell (n.d.) found that "impulsive stable subjects who read technical material at a rapid rate tend to be fast scanners who can improve their scanning skills with practice." Schmidt and Fretz (1965) studied teacher-student similarity as measured by a personality inventory, The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Myers, 1962), and found that improvement in reading was related to certain combinations of teacher-pupil characteristics. Such studies are of obvious im-


Mr. F. Smith was a 63-year-old man admitted to the Veterans Administration hospital with fever, respiratory distress, and a possible recurrent pneumonia. He had entered a community hospital with pneumonia approximately 18 months earlier. His 80 pack-year tobacco history and 10-year emphysema history complicated the clinical course on the first admission, and his status worsened to the point of respiratory failure. He suffered a cardiac arrest while on a ventilator in an intensive care unit. He was asystolic for approximately 5 minutes but was resuscitated.


In this paper, we argue that models coming from a variety of fields share a common structure that we call matching function equilibria with partial assignment. This structure revolves around an aggregate matching function and a system of nonlinear equations. This encompasses search and matching models, matching models with transferable, non-transferable and imperfectly transferable utility, and matching with peer effects. We provide a proof of existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium as well as an efficient algorithm to compute it. We show how to estimate parametric versions of these models by maximum likelihood. We also propose an approach to construct counterfactuals without estimating the matching functions for a subclass of models. We illustrate our estimation approach by analyzing the impact of the elimination of the Social Security Student Benefit Program in 1982 on the marriage market in the United States.


Objective
To investigate the complications and related etiologies after thread rhinoplasty.

Methods
From January 2017 to January 2018, 21 cases with postoperative complications after thread rhinoplasty were reviewed. The complications included thread exposure at gum (n=5), thread exposure at nose (n=2), compromised blood supply (n=5), infection (n=6), and ulceration (n=3). The medical history and clinical symptoms were analyzed.

Results
7 patients with thread exposure have recovered. The localized hyperpigmentation was left on patients with compromised blood supply. The skin of the infection cases basically returned to normal. The hyperpigmentation and local scar left on the rest of patients. The causes of these complications are complex, including the threads buried plane, the threads textures, skin tension, surgical manipulation, the early rejection, and the chronic inflammation, etc.

Conclusions
Patients, with complications after thread rhinoplasty, could obtain a better outcome, if timely operation and comprehensive treatment were provided.

Key words:
Augmentation rhinoplasty; Complication; Treatment; Barbed sutures


Spiropyran-cored polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrons (SP-PAMAMs) were prepared and their solvatochromic and photochromic properties investigated. As with simple merocyanine (MC), MC-PAMAM shows negative solvatochromism. On UV irradiation, colorless SP-PAMAM transforms into colored MC-PAMAM and the reaction occurs a little faster in a more polar solvent. In the dark, MC-PAMAM returns to SP-PAMAM much more slowly in a more polar solvent. On addition of Cu2+, the color of SP-PAMAM solution in acetonitrile changes from colorless to orange, whereas neither color change nor absorption spectral changes are observed with the addition of other metal cations.


With the approaching of higher-education popularized period,local universities should establish the outlook of scientific quality and the teaching quality monitoring system,strengthen the construction of the teaching quality management system,increase the teaching investment,optimize rationally the allocation of resources,finance the school-running funds in multi-channel and diversified ways,greatly improve the teaching quality of higher education,enhance the core competitiveness in local universities so as to achieve the better and faster development of local economy and society with the better running of satisfactory higher education as a goal.


1. Giperdispersant for use in the fluorocarbon coating, said giperdispersant comprises the reaction product of: polyglycidyl oligomer containing a carbon chain having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms with at least one internal ester bond and an internal bond of the ester, and comprising a plurality of epoxy groups; and at least one amine compound having a cyclic, heterocyclic, alkyl or heteroalkyl structure substituted with at least one primary or secondary amine group for reaction with the opening and one of said epoxy; ! wherein said giperdispersant has amine functionality of said amine compound to aid in the dispersion of fluorocarbon resin composed of a fluorocarbon coating and has a hydroxyl functionality of opening at least one of said epoxy groups to increase crosslinking with a crosslinking agent in the composition of the fluorocarbon coating. ! 2. Giperdispersant according to claim 1, wherein said polyglycidyl oligomer has an average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 1000! 3. Giperdispersant according to claim 1, wherein said carbon chain is selected from linear, branched, and combinations thereof. ! 4. Giperdispersant according to claim 1, wherein said carbon chain is selected from aliphatic, alitsiklichnoy, aromatic, and combinations thereof. ! 5. Giperdispersant according to claim 1, wherein said polyglycidyl oligomer is selected from the following general formulas and mixtures thereof: ! ! ! ; ! Where R - is said carbon chain. ! 6. Giperdispersant according to claim 1, wherein said amine compound is selected from ethylurea pyrrolide


This paper presents a real case of virtual preservation of an architectural heritage right before its disappearance, in absence of protection. This covers many different areas from technical aspects to history of the building and its importance in a way that the archived information can be useful for various target audiences e.g. historians, architects, and many others. Conservation of national heritage in developing countries especially in Southeast Asia is plagued by 'Conservation — Development Conflicts'. Buildings that should have been protected as national heritage have been demolished. Digital archiving is an insurance to record the buildings that have architectural or historical merit but are not gazetted as national heritage and are left without protection against future demolition. This paper reports part of a project — Post-Independence Architecture Atlas' by the University of Malaya, in collaboration with Multimedia University, Malaysia. A total of 30 buildings and other structures were fully recorded in the first stage. The Pekeliling Flats also known as 'Tunku Abdul Rahman Flats' were constructed during 1960s as the first pilot project for introducing Industrialized Building System to Malaysia aiming at affordable-housing for the low-income group. These flats were the second high-rise residential buildings in Malaysia after the Suleiman Courts. Despite their historical significance, being the first high-rise residential buildings in Kuala Lumpur, the Suleiman Courts were demolished in 1986. There appear to be no records of the Suleiman Courts such as technical data or plans. The situation for the Pekeliling Flats was the same as the Suleiman Courts and no official records of the technical data were found during the investigation. The Pekeliling Flats demolition started in January 2014 and was estimated to be finished by November 2015 (finished earlier). A decision was made to virtually reconstruct these flats to be digitally preserved for the future. Full 3D reconstruction was performed including the full coverage videography (using drones) and photography. The digital restoration can be used by architectural historians, architecture schools, and many others. The 3D model can be printed for exhibition or educational purposes. This paper will discuss the importance of digital archiving by presenting step by step process of e-Reconstruction and e-Archiving of the Pekeliling Flats. The main objective is to demonstrate how these types of information should be archived in order to be beneficial in the future".


The isolation of genes from a given genomic region can be a rate-limiting step in the discovery of disease genes. We describe an approach to the isolation of cDNAs that have sequences in common with large genomic clones such as bacterial artificial chromosomes. We applied this method to loci both amplified and deleted in cancer, illustrating its usage in the identification of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. The method, called rapid isolation of cDNAs by hybridization (RICH), depends on solution hybridization, enzymatic modification, and amplificationyselection of sequences present in both cDNA populations and the genomic clones. The method should facilitate the development of transcription maps for large genomic clones, possibly even yeast artificial chromosomes. Powerful methods have facilitated the localization of disease genes to regions of the genome. Typically, candidate regions are contained on large yeast or bacterial cloning vectors, and these vectors must be searched assiduously by various means for candidate genes. This step has often proved to be an obstacle in gene discovery. The problem has been attacked in roughly three ways: by hybridization (1–3), sequence analysis (4, 5), and exon trapping methods (6–8). Each method has its own particular advantages, but no current method is without serious problems. We present herein a method we call rapid isolation of cDNAs by hybridization (RICH) based on the identification of sequences in common between a cDNA library and a large clone of genomic DNA. The method selects and amplifies those restriction endonuclease fragments of cDNAs that hybridize precisely at one end to the end of a similarly cleaved genomic DNA fragment. Before hybridization, the cDNA and genomic fragments are modified with different adaptors. Those cDNAs that form hybrids with genomic DNA at at least one end are ligated to a ''selection adaptor'' that is complementary to the genomic adaptor and contains an additional sequence complementary to an RNA polymerase site. Such cDNAs can be selectively amplified by successive treatments with RNA and DNA polymerases. We illustrate the basic method with two series of experiments: (i) a search for transcripts from the c-MYC locus in cDNAs from a breast cancer cell line and (ii) a search for transcripts from the PTEN tumor suppressor locus in cDNAs from normal breast tissue. Although the method is complex, in that many different enzymes (restriction endonucleases, various DNA ligases, RNA polymerase, various DNA endoand exonucleases, reverse transcriptase, and various DNA polymerases) are used, they are all robust enzymes that are readily available. Only 3 days are required to yield candidates for further study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. The oligonucleotides which were synthesized for this research are listed in Table 1 and obtained from Biosynthesis (Lewisville, TX). P1 clone 8001 (Genome Systems, St. Louis) is an 80-kb genomic clone that contains the exons 1–3 of the c-MYC gene. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, 60C5, containing exons 4–9 of PTEN (containing nucleotides 1,244–2,246 of the published cDNA, GenBank accession no. U92436) was obtained from Genome Systems. The plasmid pUC18, digested with BamHI and treated with bacterial alkaline phosphatase was supplied by Amersham. pCR-Script SK(1) and Epicurian Coli XL2-Blue cells were obtained from Stratagene. SKBr3 is a breast cancer cell line from which the poly(A)1 RNA was extracted with the FastTrack kit (Invitrogen). cDNA was synthesized from the poly(A)1 RNA of SKBr3 and commercially available poly(A)1 RNA of mammary gland tissue (CLONTECH) by using the Copy kit (Invitrogen). The Megascript kit was from Ambion (Austin, TX). The enzymes and their specific buffers used in RICH were obtained from the following suppliers: Sau3AI and T4 DNA ligase from New England Biolabs; Stoffel fragments, AmpliTaq, and AmpliTaq Gold from Perkin–Elmer; Ampligase from Epicentre Technologies (Madison, WI); Pfu DNA Polymerase and RNase-free Dnase from Stratagene; and l exonuclease from Amersham. Glycogen was obtained from Boeringer Mannheim. GeneQuant G-50, S-300HR, and S-400HR columns and Sephaglas BandPrep kit were obtained from Amersham. RNase-free water was supplied by Ambion. Maxi prep kit was supplied by Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). Phenol was prepared as described elsewhere (9). RICH Standard Protocol. To facilitate description of the RICH protocol, we have broken up the procedure into discrete units, labeled those units with an alphabetic letter, and assigned that letter both to the procedure and its final product (Fig. 1). A. Preparation of genomic DNA. For the preparation of genomic DNA, 1 mg of BAC DNA is digested with 20 units of Sau3AI. The digests are purified by phenolychloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. The whole digests are mixed with 100 pmol of pR-24 and 100 pmol of R-12 oligonucleotides (Table 1) in 20 ml of 13 T4 DNA ligase buffer. The double-strand cDNA and the oligonucleotides are heated at 65°C for 5 min, annealed by cooling down the mixture to 4°C gradually, and then ligated by overnight incubation with 2,000 units of T4 DNA ligase at 11°C. The excess oligonucleotides are removed from the ligated fragments with S-400HR columns. B. Preparation of selection adaptor. The selection adaptor is synthesized, phosphorylated at its 59end, and purified by PAGE. The working concentration of the adaptor is 50 nM. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked ''advertisement'' in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. © 1998 by The National Academy of Sciences 0027-8424y98y953764-6$2.00y0 PNAS is available online at http:yywww.pnas.org. Abbreviations: RICH, rapid isolation of cDNA by hybridization; BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; RIGHT, rapid isolation of genes by hybridization to transcripts. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail: wigler@ cshl.org.


Oftentimes in children newly borne, the naval swelleth as bigge as an egg...—Ambroise Pare, 16th Century THE MEDICAL literature, since this first description of the omphalocele, has been vague in distinguishing this from other defects of the anterior abdominal wall. Nomenclature has been inconsistent and indefinite, as is evident in the Standard Nomenclature of Diseases, where omphalocele is classified with umbilical hernia and gastroschisis is not included. Gastroschisis has also been labeled paraomphalocele, and omphalocele called exomphalos. Omphalocele has further been subdivided into embryonic and fetal types—the latter a synonym for hernia into the cord. This has led to confusion in interpreting the results of treatment and the survival statistics reported. It seems, therefore, important to clarify the existing knowledge about congenital anterior abdominal wall defects. A study of the normal embryology of this area (Duhamel1) provides an insight into the various deviations from normal and forms a


After obtaining written informed consent, a blood sample was collected from a healthy Korean male with no previous history of blood transfusion. ABO forward typing was performed using the tube method with anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics), and anti-H (Lorne Laboratories) reagents. ABO reverse typing was conducted using the tube method with A1, B, and O cells (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics). Adsorption and elution were performed to confirm the presence of B antigens on RBCs. The strength of agglutination was graded as 0, w+, 1+, 2+, 3+, or 4+. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using a column-based DNA extraction kit (Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit, Promega). The isolated genomic DNA was subjected to targeted nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) covering all exons and flanking intronic regions of the ABO gene on a MiSeq platform (Illumina). Target enrichment was performed using custom-designed capture probes (Celemics). The erythroid cell-specific regulatory element, called the +5.8-kb site, in intron 1 of the ABO gene was amplified and sequenced as described in Appendix S1.


Current paper analyzes an important teaching instrument, at university level, produced during the First Brazilian Republic, called History of Brazil (1900) by Joao Ribeiro, a professor at the Pedro II College. The functions undertaken by the compendium within educational relationships and through the characteristics of its didactic contents are discussed. The Triple Alliance War (1864-1870) theme is chosen as an example. Scholars on Joao Ribeiro and his works acknowledge the originality of his theses and the renewal he brought about in Historiographical studies and in Didactics. Although his concepts on history are innovatory, the validity of his ideas on Didactic should be questioned. Results show the compendium failed to surpass the previous ones with regard to objectification and simplification of the teaching task.


Simple Summary Lactation traits are economically important traits in dairy production, with milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage being the main indicators of cow performance and milk quality. The interaction between environment and genetics has a great influence on the performance of dairy cows. Cows are susceptible to heat stress under conditions of high temperature and humidity, which in turn affects lactation traits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism loci and candidate genes related to lactation traits in Holstein dairy cows under conditions of high temperature and high humidity in southern China. Our study identified 23 single-nucleotide polymorphic sites significantly associated with lactation traits, and 10 key candidate genes associated with lactation traits. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the molecular marker breeding of Chinese Holstein cows in high-temperature and high-humidity environments in southern China. Abstract Lactation traits are economically important for dairy cows. Southern China has a high-temperature and high-humidity climate, and environmental and genetic interactions greatly impact dairy cattle performance. The aim of this study was to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphism sites and novel candidate genes associated with lactation traits in Chinese Holstein cows under high-temperature and humidity conditions in southern China. A genome-wide association study was performed for the lactation traits of 392 Chinese Holstein cows, using GGP Bovine 100 K SNP gene chips. Some 23 single nucleotide polymorphic loci significantly associated with lactation traits were screened. Among them, 16 were associated with milk fat rate, 7 with milk protein rate, and 3 with heat stress. A quantitative trait locus that significantly affects milk fat percentage in Chinese Holstein cows was identified within a window of approximately 0.5 Mb in the region of 0.4–0.9 Mb on Bos taurus autosome 14. According to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, ten genes (DGAT1, IDH2, CYP11B1, GFUS, CYC1, GPT, PYCR3, OPLAH, ALDH1A3, and NAPRT) associated with lactation fat percentage, milk yield, antioxidant activity, stress resistance, and inflammation and immune response were identified as key candidates for lactation traits. The results of this study will help in the development of an effective selection and breeding program for Chinese Holstein cows in high-temperature and humidity regions.


According to the applicable standards, electromagnetic compatibility emission measurements are carried out in the frequency domain using a measuring receiver. In this paper, the theory, setup, and algorithms, as well as the practical aspects including the examples of a precompliance measuring system in the time domain, are presented. The advantage of this system is that the measurements can be carried out approximately 10-100 times faster with sufficient accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio in the detector modes peak, quasi-peak, and average.


Large scale loosely coupled PCs can organize clusters and form desktop computing grids on sharing each processing power; power of PCs, transaction distributions, network scales, network delays, and code migration algorithms characterize the performance of the computing grids. This article describes the design methodologies of workload management in distributed desktop computing grids. Based on the code migration experiments, transfer policy for computation was determined and several simulations for location policies were examined, and the design methodologies for distributed desktop computing grids are derived from the simulation results. The language for distributed desktop computing is designed to accomplish the design methodologies. transactions, can be executed on the local or remote computer systems depending upon the workload in the system. If the workload of the system that the job entered is heavy enough for processing, it must be properly migrated to the other site through migration. However, the effectiveness of the code migration against the migration overhead must be evaluated (Coulouris et al., 2005). The network of the computing grids we modeled is shown in Figure 1. It consists of many computing nodes and one information server. On decentralized control, it does not have the information server. Figure 2 shows the DOI: 10.4018/jghpc.2011100105 54 International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing, 3(4), 53-70, October-December 2011 Copyright © 2011, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. taxonomy of the distributed computing systems (Venugopal et al., 2006; Theotokis & Spinellis, 2004). The shadow area is the topics of this article. For migrating the transactions, both the transfer policy that determines the migration decision and the location policy that determines the site to be migrated must be properly provided according to the application environment (Shah et al., 2007). The environment of the system is getting more complex with the increasing and diversifying applications. However, little work for the code migration has been associated with the application environment. Depending upon the migration policy and the environment situated, the performance of the system greatly varies. The scales of transactions and networks, the workload patterns, the power of computers, code migration algorithms, all of these characterize the performance of the system. The relations of these characteristics, the pros and cons, must be analyzed, and the boundaries of the code migration must be specified in designing the distributed computing grids. We need some methodologies to design the workload of transactions in various complex application environments to have a good performance system. Shah (2007) has shown the theoretical approach for code migration. We develop the practical approach in this article. Code migration overhead was exemplified by implementing the code migration system. Based on the experiments, several centralized and decentralized algorithms for various location policies are simulated and evaluated. And, design methodologies for distributed desktop computing grids in various environments are derived from several simulation results. The language for distributed computing was also designed to carry out the methodologies derived.


Magnetic nanoparticles are among the most important carriers for the delivery of anticancer drugs. Four important noncovalent interactions between tirapazamine anticancer drug (TPZ) and magnetic nanoparticle Fe 6 (OH) 18 (H 2 O) 6 (MNP) have been examined by using density functional theory (DFT). Important interactions are those where the drug approaches the magnetic nanocarrier via NH 2 (MNP/TPZ1), NO (MNP/TPZ2-3) and intraring N-atom (MNP/TP4) functional groups. The negative values of binding energies and quantum molecular descriptor showed that these interactions contribute to the stability of the system. By increasing the temperature, TPZ can bond to MNP through NH 2 (NH 2 mechanism), NO (NO mechanisms) and intraring N-atom (N mechanism) functional groups. The activation parameters of four mechanisms were evaluated using quadratic synchronous transit method. Relative energies indicate that the product of the NH 2 mechanism is more stable but is produced more slowly (thermodynamic product). In contrast, the products of the NO mechanisms are kinetic products.


The national language of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourgish, has often been characterized as one of Europe's under-described and under-resourced languages. In this contribution we report on our ongoing work to take Luxembourgish on board as an e-language : an electronically searchable spoken language. More specifically, we focus on the issue of producing acoustic seed models for Luxembourgish. A phonemic inventory was defined and linked to inventories from major neighboring languages (German, French and English), with the help of the IPA symbol set. Acoustic seed model sets were composed using monolingual German, French or English acoustic model sets and corresponding forced alignment segmentations were compared. Next a super-set of multilingual acoustic seeds was used putting together the three language-dependent sets. The language-identity of the aligned acoustic models provides information about the overall acoustic adequacy of both the cross-language phonemic correspondances and the acoustic models. Furthermore some information can be gleaned on inter-language distances : the German acoustic models provided the best match with 54.3% of the segments aligned using German seeds, 35.3% using the English ones and only 10.4% using the French acoustic models. Since Luxembourgish is considered a Western Germanic language close to German, this result is in line with its linguistic typology.


5. Brady MT, Pacini DL, Budde CT, Connell MJ: Diagnostic studies of nosocomial diarrhea in children: assessing their use and value. American Journal of Infection Control 1989, 17: 77-82. 6. Fan K, Morris AJ, Relier LB: Application of rejection criteria for stool cultures for bacterial enteric pathogens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1993, 31 • 22332235. 7. Siegel DL, Edelstein PH, Nachamkin I: Inappropriate testing for diarrheal diseases in the hospital. Journal of the American Medical Association 1990, 283: 979982. 8. Yannelli B, Gurevich I, Schoch PE, Cunha BA: Yield of stool cultures, ova and parasite tests, and Clostridium difficile determinations in nosocomial diarrheas. American Journal of Infection Control 1988, 16: 246-249. 9. McFarland LV, Mulligan ME, Kwok RYY, Stamm WE: Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. New England Journal of Medfcine 1989, 320: 204-210. 10. Gilligan PH, McCarthy LR, Genta VM: Relative frequency of Clostridium difficile in patients with dian'heal d~sease. Journal of ClJnJcaJ Microbiology 1981, 14: 26-31. 11. Balows A, Hausler WJ, Herrmann KL, Isenberg HD, Shadomy H J: Manual of clinical microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 1991. 12. Blaser M, Wells JG, Feldman RS, Pollard RA, Allen JR: Campylobacter enteritis in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine 1983, 98: 360-365. 13. Blaser M, Relier L: Campylobacterenteritis. New England Journal of Medicine 1981, 305: 1444-1451. 14. Sperber SJ, Schleupner CJ: Salmonetlosis during infection with immunodeficiency virus. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1987, 9: 925-934. 15. Paten S, Nicolle D, Mwongera M, Kabiru P, Mirza N, Plummer F, Wamola I: Salmonella and Shigella enteritis at a public teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 1991, 12: 710-717. II ,111 I I


A spatial-multiplexed dual-view display using a blue phase liquid crystal is proposed. Combined the vertical field switching blue phase liquid crystal display with the directional backlight system, we can reduce the crosstalk of dual-view display. Moreover, the resolution and brightness will be tripled by using field-sequential color display.


The integrity and residual life assessment of high temperature structures rely on the determined defects and their behaviour in components in service. The effort has been made to develop tools to detect flows in service-components and determine crack growth using metallography and fracture mechanical testing. However, less work is done on creep crack initiation and assessment. The experimental determination of creep crack initiation on specimens of P91 steels and weldments and its significance in defect assessment of components are reported. An attempt is made to define creep crack initiation using both creep rupture and fracture mechanics test data. Test methods, data analysis and defect assessment approach are addressed.


High-quality training of future specialists with medical education is an important issue, since the requirements for the level of professional knowledge, skills and abilities of medical personnel have increased incredibly today. The most important role in preparation is played by training in a simulation center.


Hodgkin's lymphoma is unusual among B cell lymphomas, in so far as the malignant Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells lack a functional B cell receptor (BCR), as well as many of the required downstream signalling components. In Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, HRS cells express the viral latent membrane proteins (LMP)‐1 and ‐2A. LMP2A is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's lymphoma by providing a surrogate BCR‐like survival signal. However, LMP2A has also been shown to induce the virus‐replicative cycle in B cells, an event presumably incompatible with lymphomagenesis. In an attempt to resolve this apparent paradox, we compared the transcriptional changes observed in primary HRS cells with those induced by LMP2A and by BCR activation in primary human germinal centre (GC) B cells, the presumed progenitors of HRS cells. We found a subset of genes that were up‐regulated by both LMP2A expression and BCR activation but which were down‐regulated in primary HRS cells. These genes included EGR1, an immediate‐early gene that is required for BCR‐induced entry to the virus‐replicative cycle. We present data supporting a model for the pathogenesis of EBV‐positive Hodgkin's lymphoma in which LMP2A‐expressing HRS cells lacking BCR signalling functions cannot induce EGR1 and are consequently protected from entry to the virus lytic cycle. The primary microarray data are available from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under series Accession No 46143. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper we will discuss and analyze the existed situation in upcoming strong Greek ports, their development and the new opportunities that arise for investors. This study analyses the reforms and examines the port governance configurations and the reform process as it unfolded over the last 12 years until today's tenders for sale majority stake and sub-concessions of the terminals. This discussion includes an examination of the background condi-tions (port sector developments, natural sources of energy, economic and political context) aiming to understand the foundations of the endorsed deci-sions and of the apparent delays to progress announced reform programs. The paper also discusses the evolution of the container ports and other ports in Greece, recording the increased market concentration that followed the concession of the Port of Piraeus terminal, as well as the different trends in other important Greek regional ports, like port of Alexandroupoli, Kavala, Patra, Igoumenitsa, Elefsina and Heraklion, as regards throughput, investments, and commercial relations, that were observed in the case of the pri-vately operated container port.


The modern men's shirts-fitting robot is controlled with fuzzy plus proportional plus integral controller called as F-PI via on cloud-based communication presented here with an effective cost value add of high-end superstore especially for modern shop-dressing room services. Now, the customer's life styles have been change caused by COVID-19 situations which they must be kept the social distancing all time. The both of RFID and QR code technique are used for creating a unique code of any men shirt products in the databased server of a system and also the way to access to use the men's shirts-fitting robot with an efficiency time management scheme. The user's body size information's such as the shoulder, neck, chest or waistline are need as necessary data to operate the robot system. The small of DC servo motors (DCSMs) are driven by fuzzy-PI controller which is used for resizing the robot's body size that is related to the real user's body size. For unknown or non-linear of mathematical model of robot body load, the F-PI controller is the way to solve this problem with high performance enough, but the suitable tuning parameters are required. The room experimental results are shown that the overall system can work well as design concept, but in the real on-site shop it must be improved for more accuracy and practical to use. As a result, the customers and service persons can change their new normal behaviors for improving their online shopping with social distancing scheme with more efficiency, comfortable, up-to-date and safety life.


This chapter aims to overview the logistics of bioenergy systems, focusing on the economic and sustainability implications of the different transport, processing and energy conversion systems for heat and power generation. The main research trends of biomass processing, de‐ coupling of treatment and energy conversion, integration into existing infrastructures and energy systems, and optimal location and sizing of bioenergy facilities are reviewed. For this purpose, a description of supply chains modelling and research trends, technical options and related cost figures for the various steps of the biomass supply chains are overviewed. Moreover, the opportunities to integrate bioenergy into existing energy systems are ex‐ plored, investigating the use of biofuels in combination with fossil fuels into existing plants and networks. Finally, the main research trends in the optimization of scale and location of the different steps of bioenergy routes are overviewed.


"Urban Per Capita Residential Construction Area"published by China Statistic Bureau reveals the per capita residential area of the urban residents with local household register,which is quite different from the concept of practical urban per capita rehousing area. The estimated result for practical per capita rehousing area in 24 big and medium cities is significantly smaller than the data published by the yearbooks,and furthermore,there is big difference between different cities. By using the estimated result to further estimate the relative bubble index of urban housing price in each city,the results show that there is relatively higher housing price bubble in some cities than in others,that there is obviously a gap of per capita rehousing area between China and the developed countries,that real estate industry will continue to keep rapid growth speed because the rigid demand for housing is still powerful. The local risk should be prevented from being transformed into global risk for the cities with big housing price bubble already and the reasonable housing demand of the residents should be supported for the cities without high housing price bubble.


Discussion paper Reviewer comment: Numbers can be presented in a better way for ease of reading. Authors can put the percentage contribution of different factors/parameters in the parenthesis beside them. Author response: We thank the anonymous reviewer for this valuable suggestion. The anonymous reviewer #1, suggested to focus the abstract more on the big picture. In response to both comments we have reduced the numbers in the abstract and added the percentage contribution of different factor/parameters in parenthesis beside them. It now reads as follows: Changes in the manuscript: "In this study we undertook quantitative source apportionment for 32 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured at a suburban site in the densely populated North-West IndoGangetic Plain using the US EPA PMF 5.0 Model. Six sources were resolved by the PMF model. In descending order of their contribution to the total VOC burden these are "biofuel use and waste disposal" (23.2%), "wheat-residue burning" (22.4%), "cars" (16.2%), "mixed daytime sources" (15.7%), "industrial emissions and solvent use" (11.8%) and "twowheelers" (8.6%). Wheat residue burning is the largest contributor to the total ozone formation potential (32.4%). For the emerging contaminant isocyanic acid, photochemical formation from precursors (37%) and wheat residue burning (25%) were the largest contributors to human exposure. Wheat residue burning was also the single largest source of the photochemical precursors of isocyanic acid, namely, formamide, acetamide and propanamide, indicating that this source must be most urgently targeted to reduce human concentration exposure to isocyanic acid in the month of May. Our results highlight that for accurate air quality forecasting and modelling it is essential that emissions are attributed only to the months in which the activity actually occurs. This is important for emissions from crop residue burning (which occur in May and from Mid-October to the end of November). The SOA formation potential is dominated by "cars" (36.9%) and "two-wheelers" (22.1%), which also jointly account for 47% of the human class I carcinogen benzene in the PMF model. This stands in stark contrast to various emission inventories which estimate the transport sector contribution to the benzene exposure as (~10%) and consider residential biofuel use, agricultural residue burning and industries to be more important benzene sources. Overall it appears that none of the emission inventories represent the regional emissions in an ideal manner. Our PMF solution suggests that transport sector emissions may be underestimated by GAINSv5.0 and EDGARv4.3.2 and overestimated by REASv2.1, while the combined effect of residential biofuel use and waste disposal emissions as well as the VOC burden associated with solvent use and industrial sources may be overestimated by all emission inventories. Agricultural waste burning emissions of some of the detected compound groups (ketones, aldehydes and acids) are missing in the EDGARv4.3.2 inventory." Reviewer comment: Methods: Sec 2.3: Line 20, why 20%? Please explain and incorporate in the manuscript as well. Author response: We chose to assign 20% uncertainty to all masses to avoid a situation where the difference in the assigned uncertainty drives the PMF to dedicate a disproportionate number of a factors towards minimizing Q of a few compounds at the expense of others which may be equally useful as tracers of specific activities. The lower reported uncertainty of some compounds (8-12%) in Sinha et al. 2014 can be primarily attributed to the fact that the instrument has been calibrated with more than one independently sourced calibration gas bottles for that particular compound and the fact that the respective m/z has a good signal to noise ratio and high signals. For some other compounds the sensitivity had to be derived from theory, because no calibration gas is available, hence they carry a larger error. We have followed the advice of Paatero et al. 2014, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 781–797 and performed sensitivity studies to better understand how errors and their handling can impact the PMF output in our specific case. In our specific case the fact that toluene has one of the smallest reported measurement errors (8.6 % in Sinha et al. 2014) in combination with the fact that there is a genuine and abundant source with a normalized source profile that is dominated by toluene (tailpipe exhaust of petrol fuelled 2-wheelers) can result into a serious modelling error. This problematic behaviour is observed for this particular dataset, because the second most abundant compound in the same tailpipe exhaust source profile (the xylenes) carries a larger uncertainty (11.8 %) and can be accommodated in other source profiles with a smaller penalty on Q. Most real world traffic contains a mixture of 4-wheelers and 2-wheelers and the ratio of these two vehicle classes in the traffic varies as a function of air mass origin and time of the day. At the same time the benzene/toluene ratio of all aged plumes varies with the photochemical age of the air mass. When all these factors are combined the situation becomes such that while running the model with differential errors the lowest Q for the equation is obtained by creating a separate toluene factor and removing toluene from the factor profile of all combustion source profiles. In other words, in this specific dataset assigning correct but different random errors to different m/z triggers a serious modelling error which appears already in a 4 factor solution and is retained through any higher number of factors. Assigning equal random errors to all m/z prevents this modelling error from occurring. Hence, we assigned an error of 20% to all masses even though in reality only few strong m/z ratios (formaldehyde, propyne, styrene and phenol) carry such a large error. The reviewer is, however, correct that this choice of using the largest error for all compounds is somewhat arbitrary and one could instead use the average uncertainty of all the strong compounds errors (i.e. assigning ~10% uncertainty to all compounds would also prevent the modelling error). The magnitude of the chosen error will impact the magnitude of Q (which will increase by a factor of ~4 when 10% instead of 20% uncertainty is assigned) but will not change the model output as long as equal uncertainty is assigned to all masses. However, considering the accuracy and precision error while initializing the PMF may not actually be the right approach at all, considering that the software treats the errors as random. One could argue that only the precision error should be considered while assigning errors in the software. However, as long as equal uncertainty is assigned to all strong m/z the assigned uncertaintyt will not change the model output and conclusions. Changes in the manuscript: We have incorporated this reason and the section now reads "All 32 species were assigned a fixed 20% in the uncertainty, which represents the largest uncertainty estimated for strong compounds, to avoid a situation where the difference in the assigned uncertainty drives the PMF to dedicate a separate factor towards minimizing Q of a single compound with low uncertainty (toluene) by taking it out of all other source profiles and opening a separate factor profile containing just a single compound." Reviewer comment: Line 20, more than 50% of the measured species (18 of 32) are weak, isn't that going to influence the robustness & reliability of the PMF output? Author response: This is definitely going to impact the robustness and reliability of the PMF output in a positive manner. A poor signal to noise ratio indicates that the measured values of a species throughout most of the time series are very close to the detection limit. All instruments have a higher precision error close to the detection limit. This is why the manual recommends assigning masses with low S/N ratio "weak" and we have followed this instruction for all compounds that have a poor S/N ratio and do not show any strong peaks. However, in our opinion S/N ratio should not be blindly used as a criterion to make masses weak. Let us consider the hypothetical scenario of a compound emitted only by a single source impacting the site. There can be a situation where such a source impacts the site only rarely (say less than 5% of the time) but when it does the plume brings a very high concentration of that tracer compound. In such a case that specific tracer could be extremely precious for constraining the rotational ambiguity of the PMF solution, even though its average S/N ratio would be very poor (because 95% of the values in the time series are noise around the detection limit). Hence one always needs to look at every species of the input dataset carefully to assess whether it should be made weak just because of its S/N ratio. There can be reverse cases of masses with a high S/N ratio (for which the average concentration is always far above the detection limit throughout the time serious), which can negatively impact the PMF rotational ambiguity when not labelled as weak. This is the case for all masses with potential isobaric interferences. Let us consider an m/z where one of the compounds falling onto the mass to charge ratio is of pyrogenic origin and the other one a tracer for biogenic emissions or a product of daytime photochemistry and discuss how this will impact the PMF model output depending on whether the species is a strong or weak species. Any peak in the concentration observed can be due to either of the contributors i.e. due to a combustion source alone or due to biogenic emissions/daytime photochemistry alone or due to a mixture of both. The most serious impact of this on the model performance is that it can make resolving the rotational ambiguity difficult and can cause modelling errors. Resolving rotational ambiguity requires that the matrix contains a sufficient n


The structures of oxovanadium(V) triethanolaminate, 1, and oxovanadium(V) tri-2-propanolaminate, 2, have been determined. In each case the V(V) atom exhibits distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination with the nitrogen atom and the oxo group in the axial positions. The distortion is observed because the vanadium atom is displaced out of the plane of the triethanolaminate oxygens in the direction of the doubly-bonded oxygen. Compound 1 crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2 1 , with a=7.051(2) A, b=7.429(2) A, β=93.46(3) o , V=417.2(2) A 3 , and Z=2


The island of Snizort at Skeabost, or Eilean Chaluim Chille, in northern Skye contains the important but neglected and poorly known remains of the late medieval cathedral of Sodor or the Isles. It was one of the largest churches in the Hebrides, with architectural features that indicate a link to the monastery of Iona. This paper discusses the archaeological remains and then sets them in their wider archaeological context. It then examines the historical evidence for the use of the island, firstly as the possible base of the archdeacons of Sodor and, from c 1387, the seat of the bishops of Sodor. Finally, the reasons for the island's descent into obscurity are considered; key was the lack of support from the Lords of the Isles and the failure to attract a prominent kindred to use it as their place of burial.


Recently, phase change materials (PCMs) have gained great attention from engineers and researchers due to their exceptional properties for thermal energy storing, which would effectively aid in reducing carbon footprint and support the global transition of using renewable energy. The current research attempts to enhance the thermal performance of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger by means of using PCM and a modified tube design. The enthalpy–porosity method is employed for modelling the phase change. Paraffin wax is treated as PCM and poured within the annulus; the annulus comprises a circular shell and a fined wavy (trefoil-shaped) tube. In addition, copper nanoparticles are incorporated with the base PCM to enhance the thermal conductivity and melting rate. Effects of many factors, including nanoparticle concentration, the orientation of the interior wavy tube, and the fin length, were examined. Results obtained from the current model imply that Cu nanoparticles added to PCM materials improve thermal and melting properties while reducing entropy formation. The highest results (27% decrease in melting time) are obtained when a concentration of nanoparticles of 8% is used. Additionally, the fins' location is critical because fins with 45° inclination could achieve a 50% expedition in the melting process.


The labor scarcity amid lockdown due to COVID-19 and reduced labor migration from other states made timely rice establishments a big challenge for the farmers in Punjab. The direct seeded rice (DSR) emerged as economically viable option for timely rice establishment, but several farmers faced difficulties in DSR during kharif--2020 and therefore, adopted diverse crop production and management practices. A detailed survey was conducted in different blocks of Kapurthala district (Punjab) and data were collected from randomly selected 106 farmers. The results showed that 13.2 per cent of total farmers completely failed in DSR. There was large variation in different crop production and management practices followed by the farmers. Seed rate varied between 19.9 and 22.2 kg ha-1 and was significantly higher in Kapurthala, while lowest in Dhilwan block. Nitrogenous fertilizer application was higher by 13.0 and 5.7 per cent in Sultanpur Lodhi and Nadala blocks than the district average of 167.9 kg N ha-1. Phosphoric and potash fertilizer application rates varied between 6.7 and 12.1 kg P ha-1 and 3.3 and 9.7 kg K ha-1, respectively. Rice grain yield varied between 64.3 and 70.2 q ha-1 under DSR, as compared with 71.3 and 76.3 q ha-1 under puddled transplanted rice (PTR). The irrigation water productivity varied between 3.6 and 4.4 kg ha-1 mm-1 in DSR, compared with 3.3 and 3.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 under PTR. The results highlight the lack of proper knowledge and adoption of recommended practices for DSR technology among farmers, which require further intensive extension efforts for creating awareness in between them.


. It was found that the lateral stiffness changes obvious at the transfer position of the section configuration from SRC to RC. This particular behavior leads to that the transfer columns become as the important elements in SRC-RC hybrid structures. A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of SRC-RC transfer columns based on a low cyclic loading test of 16 transfer columns compared with 1 RC column. Test results shows three failure modes for transfer columns, which are shear failure, bond failure and bend failure. Its seismic behavior was completely analyzed about the failure mode, hysteretic and skeleton curves, bearing capacity deformation ability, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation. It is further determined that displacement ductility coefficient of transfer columns changes from 1.97 to 5.99. The stiffness of transfer columns are at the interval of SRC and RC, and hence transfer columns can play the role of transition from SRC to RC. All specimens show similar discipline of stiffness degradation and the process can be divided into three parts. Some specimens of transfer column lose bearing capacity swiftly after shear cracking and showed weak energy dissipation ability, but the others show better ability of energy dissipation than RC column. research on behavior of SRC - RC transfer


The structure,main function and application of the FluGGS in the work of Wupper river basin management in Germany were introduced,especially the idea and method of sharing service,information distribution and interactive communication,which were based on spatial geographic information and Internet/Intranet.At last,the enlightment of the system was indicated.


The expropriation of agricultural land to provide new land for industrial and urban expansion, referred to as compulsory acquisition, is prevalent in developing countries. Using Vietnam as a laboratory, this study evaluates the impacts of losing farmland through compulsory acquisition on household welfare and reaches the following findings. A 10 percentage point increase in the fraction of land expropriated results in a 2.2% decrease in household welfare proxied by food expenditure. Furthermore, politically unconnected and ethnic minority households are disproportionately vulnerable. The adverse welfare effect could take up to 10 years to evaporate. The reduction in household welfare is attributable to the decline in agricultural income and the inability to participate in the non‐agricultural labor market. Other aspects of household behavior following compulsory acquisition are also explored, such as saving, social capital, labor, and capital allocation.


Abstract Being stratiform or stratoid, the Huangboshuwan witherite deposit at Zhiyang and the Wenyuhe witherite-barite deposit at Zhushan occur in the lower Lower Cambrian siliceous rocks and the orebodies are remarkably controlled by lithological character and petrography. Carbon and oxygen isotopic studies of witherite, barytocalcite and calcite have shown that the carbon, involved in the formation of these minerals, was derived largely from organic carbon resultant from degradation, polycondensation and dehydroxylation of bio-organic matter in sediments at the early stage of diagenesis. Extensive occurrence of bio-barite strongly evidenced that Ba2+ was concentrated and settled down in the form of bio-barite on the seafloor as a result of biological processes, thereafter forming the initially enriched orebodies of barium deposits. The witherite was metasomatic products of bio-barite under the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria and organic and inorganic reduction.


The tumor microenvironment is composed of multiple cell types (e.g., fibroblast, vascular, and immune cells), extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and signaling molecules that critically influence tumor cell phenotypes. The study of isolated tumor cells in culture has contributed to the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that regulate oncogenic phenotypes. As tumors develop, however, cancer cells secrete factors that functionally reprogram the genetically "normal" stromal cells in their environment. These tumor-associated stromal cells then further alter the microenvironment, providing tumor-stromal cell and tumor-ECM interactions that critically regulate tumor behaviors such as early tumor initiation, metastatic progression, and response to therapies. We recently developed heterotypic, scaffold-free tissue models of advanced cancer using an extrusion-based bioprinter system. Multiple cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells can be incorporated into bioprinted tissues with defined architecture. We found that cells within these structures exhibit a tissue-like cellular density, proliferate, deposit ECM, migrate, and respond to extrinsic signals. Cells within these tissues self-organize to form complex structures, as indicated by nascent endothelial networks, and respond to extrinsic signals. We assessed intrinsic, extrinsic, and spatial tumorigenic phenotypes including cell survival, cell proliferation, differentiation state, ECM deposition, and cellular migration within these tissues in response to extrinsic signals or therapies. Together, this work demonstrates that bioprinted tumor tissue models recapitulate many aspects of in vivo neoplastic tissues. We are continuing to use 3D bioprinted tumor tissues, leveraging the manipulable nature of these models to interrogate the role of distinct tumor microenvironments on tumor cell phenotypes including proliferation, migration, and response to therapies. In pancreatic cancer models, we have printed tissues containing pancreatic stellate cells with and without knockdown of the prolyl isomerase PIN1, which we show inhibits stellate cell activation. We show that loss of PIN1 in the stellate cells surrounding the tumor has effects not only on activation markers of fibroblasts, but also on tumor, endothelial, and immune phenotypes within the tissues. Further work is focused on characterizing the signals that drive these changes. Citation Format: Ellen M. Langer, Isabel A. English, Megan A. Turnidge, Zinab O. Doha, Rosalie C. Sears. Heterotypic 3D bioprinted tissues to interrogate tumor-microenvironment crosstalk in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.


Background and Objective: One of the main challenges facing medical education is effective and efficient clinical training that can institutionalize logical thinking, and enhance the ability to make decisions in sensitive positions in students. So the current study was performed with the aim of application of basic science knowledge in medical clinical stage by Akam law approach at Golestan University of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive – analytic and performed using census by 86 trainees and interns in infectious ward of Sayyad hospital in one year by a valid and reliable self-made questionnaire on a 5 degrees Likert scale with 85 Cronbach's alpha using Akam law. Data were collected after questionnaire completion and then were described using spss software version 16 and were analyzed with chi-square test. Results: Research findings showed that 79 percent of participants reasoning power. 60.5 percent team collaboration, 79.1 percent upgrade capabilities were completely agreed. 7 percent of the participants regard to field time the speed of diagnosis make a comment disagree and completely disagree. in this study genus had a significant effect on time speed of diagnosis at 5 % and had no significant effects on other issues . Grade had a significant effect on reasoning power and upgrade capabilities at 5 % and had no significant effect on the time speed of diagnosis and team collaboration at this level. Conclusion: it's too important for educators that developing thinking skills and judgment in students in Educational complex environment. Applying Akam law on conceptual map can be fill the gap between theory and practice and give basic concepts at the clinical stage. ne


TiO2 is a widely used nano-meter material nowadays owing to its special physical and chemical properties.This paper briefly reviews the various methods and the production principles for preparing TiO2,and makes a comparison of these different methods.


In the title compounds, [Cr(C21H21O3P)(CO)5] and [Mo(C21H21O3P)(CO)5], the M—C bond lengths for the cis-carbonyl ligands (with respect to the phosphine) are longer than that observed for the trans-carbonyl group. The chromium compound has short intermolecular O⋯O contacts. The two crystal structures are not isomorphous and crystallize in triclinic and monoclinic systems, respectively.


This bachelor thesis is written in the form of research and deals with anti-fire coating composition and their properties in the proces of combustion.
The first part focuses on the principles and methods of anti-fire protection of building and construction materials. There are provided methods of anti-fire protection of wood, concrete and steel structures mainly.
The second part deals with flame retardants and main types of anti-fire coatings. The largest part is devoted intumescent coats and analysis of individual components of these types of coatings.
The last part deals with the most widely used binders, pigments and fillers in intumescent coatings.


A strong case can be made that the quality of governance provided by the government of Canada deteriorated somewhat from May 2011 to May 2013. While the government has constructed high-quality governance structures and implemented effective policies in many areas over many decades, the actions of the Conservative government since winning a majority of the seats in the House of Commons in May 2011 have jeopardized this situation. This report highlights a number of developments that lead to this conclusion.


A Middle Pleistocene widespread tephra, defined here as Hegawa‐Kasamori 5 tephra (Hgw‐Ks5), has been newly recognized over a broad area of Japan. Large‐scale pyroclastic flow deposits associated with co‐ignimbrite ash fall deposits (CAFDs) of Hgw‐Ks5 have been identified in the proximal southern Kyushu area, south‐west Japan. Hgw‐Ks5 possibly originated from the Aira caldera in southern Kyushu, and it is widely spread and intercalated with deposits of the Kasamori Formation, Honshu Island, more than 1000 km away from the source. In the north‐west area of the Aira Caldera, the tephra is sparsely distributed in the form of non‐welded ignimbrites, and is exposed stratigraphically above the well‐known Kobayashi‐Kasamori tephra. Hgw‐Ks5 is characterized through petrographic features, major element geochemistry of glass shards, and refractive indices of orthopyroxene. The results of previous stratigraphic isotope studies indicate that the eruptive age of Hgw‐Ks5 is 434–458 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 12). Assuming that the CAFDs originating from the Aira Caldera are distributed concentrically, the apparent volume of Hgw‐Ks5, estimated from the area of distribution and CAFD thickness, is ~100 km3. Therefore, a volcanic explosivity index of 7 is assigned to the Hgw‐Ks5 eruption.


We have summarized current knowledge on the aging of the immune system in three vertebrate groups: fish, amphibians and birds. Available data are few due to difficulties in studying ageing in natural populations and in accurately determining age. In all vertebrates, the most obvious evidence of the senescence of lymphoid tissue is the involution of thymus, which courses with decreased numbers of thymocytes, and loss of the histological organization of gland. On the other hand, there is little information on aged secondary lymphoid organs. Possible influence of the endocrine system in the changes observed in aged lymphoid organs is also discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:477–481, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT To gain a better understanding of consumer engagement in brand-related social network site (SNS) groups, this study examines how consumers engage with the brand and other members of the groups among different national cultures through the lens of brand community characteristics and collective value creation practices within brand communities. Through conducting a directed qualitative content analysis of two cases—consumer wall posts in a Facebook group and a Renren group—this study finds supporting evidence that although consumers in both groups actively shared their product use experiences, consumers in the Renren group tended to explicitly express their shared consciousness with other group members, share their product use experiences in a modest and respectful way, and actively engage in social networking, while consumers in the Facebook group tended to focus on product use sharing. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.


Abstract. This work is focused on the issue of symmetry preservation, energy and volume conservation and other important properties of staggered Lagrangian hydrodynamic schemes in cylindrical geometry. Typical advantages and drawbacks of existing areaweighted (AW) and genuinely r-z schemes will be pointed out. With quadrilateral cells it is known that, in r-z, spherical symmetry preservation, perfect satisfaction of GCL, and total energy conservation are incompatible [9]. Being aware of this, we propose a staggered approach that conserves energy by construction and tries to do its best by diminishing the GCL error to the order of entropy error. In particular, we correct the volume consistent forces from [5] so that spherical symmetry is preserved. This idea is similar to the approach from [8], where we suggested a new r-z artificial viscosity that preserves symmetry and is (unlike typical AW viscosities) strictly dissipative. A practical implementation our symmetrization term will be presented. Its comparison to the existing methods from [1] and [5] will be demonstrated on a convergence study of the adiabatic Coggeshall test, and the effect of the symmetrization term on accuracy will be assessed using the Sedov blast wave test.


In this paper, a simplified model for user mobility behavior for wireless networks is developed. The model takes into account speed and direction of motion, the two major characteristics of user mobility. A user mobility simulation based on the model is developed, and its results are compared with those in published work. The transient performance metrics of a mobile network are analyzed in terms of trajectory prediction, mean location update rate, and new/handoff call residence time distribution. The proposed mobility model yields results that match very well with those obtained from previously reported complex mobility models.


Background: Significant associations between eating disorders (ED) and each of substance use disorders (SUD) and major depression (MD) have been established. Aims: To examine the comorbidity of all three disorders in a large nationally representative sample of Canadian men and women. Methods: This research used data collected by Statistics Canada in cycle 1.2 of the Canadian Community Health Survey (20,211 women and 16,773 men). Results: MD fully mediated the relationship between ED and alcohol dependence and partially mediated their relationship with alcohol interference for both men and women. The multivariate comorbidity of MD and illicit drug use exhibited different patterns for men and women with eating disorders symptomatology. Conclusion: Findings support the importance of developing assessment instruments and treatment strategies that address the co-occurrence of ED, MD and SUD for both women and men. Findings also indicate that it might be beneficial for prevention programs to target depression.


The relationship between serial ISO14000 environmental standards and environmental auditing has been much discussed,especially the question on how to draw lessons from ISO14000.This paper first makes a survey of the background in this regard,and then analyses the relationship between environmental auditing and environmental performance auditing,and finally proposes the lessons should be drawn are appraisal standards as the best support practice.


The negative depiction of Italians in American films may have established an important pre-condition for the passage of anti-immigration legislation in the subsequent decades. Some of these examples are in films like 'The Italian' and 'Poor Little Peppina' that have promoted some troubling imagery and ideas about Italian-American immigrants.


The solubility of benzoic, salicylic and fatty acids increases in aqueous solution of lithium laurate cotaining butanol-I due to the presence of the micelles. The hydroxy compounds and urea have low solubilities in the system: water-lithium laurate and butanol-I than in pure water. It has been shown from the viscosity determination that two kinds of micelles are formed in the solutions and the change from hydrophilic oleomicelles to lipophilic hydromicelles occurs at about 60% butanol-I concentration. The effectiveness of the acids in increasing the viscosity is in the order:


Ontology plays an increasingly important role in knowledge management and the semantic Web. However, ontology cannot perform well in realistic diagnosis reasoning unless it contains timely and accurate medical information and its individual items display all attributes of the categories they belong to. In this paper, we present a method that extracts synonyms along with concepts and their relationships for gastroenterology ontology construction. Specifically, we reuse the existing ontology as the basis for ontology completion. In addition, we conduct synonym identification through a combined application of global context features, local context features, and medical-specific features, and incorporate dependency information into deep neural networks for relation extraction. The extracted information is merged for ontology completion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed synonym identification and relation extraction method achieves the best performance compared with state-of-the-art methods and also builds a more complete ontology compared with existing gastroenterology disease ontologies. Our results are reproducible, and we will release the source code and ontology of this work after publication: https://github.com/shenyingpku/gastrointestinal_owl


"The time has come for someone to speak in defense of 'dead beat dads/ Divorced or separated parents who do not pay support have been taking a beating from everyone, including the President. I have seen some parents who refuse to pay child support even though they have plenty of money to do so. ... However, I have seen far more parents who are ordered to pay child support who pay some support but not all they are ordered to pay. Many of these parents are engaged in a financial struggle that they cannot win. These are the working poor." ?Hon. Anne Kass. Presiding Family Judge, Albuquerque, New Mexico, District Court1


Newly released guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) use a question-and- answer approach to help clinicians choose the best treatments for patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

The guidelines include recommendations for the treatment


Prolonged healing and scar formation are two major challenges in treating wounds, resulting in physical, mental and socioeconomic burden to the affected subjects. Exosomes (Exos) are naturally secreted vesicles playing a vital role in the transfer of RNA to neighboring or distant recipient cells and there are numerous on-going studies on their role of in tissue regeneration and wound healing.Aim of the work: Evaluation of the efficiency of Exos derived from adipose stem cells on cutaneous wound healing in adult male albino rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty-four rats were divided into three groups; Group I: control. Group II: a dorsal cut wound (1.5 × 1.5 cm) was done to each rat. Group III: the same wound was done and rats were injected with 200μ PKH26-labeled Exos intravenously. Rats were sacrificed after 21 days. Skin sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HandE), Mallory's trichrome and orcein stains, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Ki67 immunohistochemical stains.Results: Skin sections from group II showed scar formation, lost epidermal layers and hair follicles. There was significant increase in collagen fibers and α-SMA immunoreaction, with significant decrease in elastic fibers and Ki67 immunoexpression compared to the control. In group III, the skin revealed almost normal histology, significant decrease in collagen fibers and α-SMA, with significant increase in elastic fibers and Ki67 immunoreaction compared to group II.Conclusion: Exos injection has demonstrated a beneficial effect on cutaneous wound healing and could prevent scar formation in adult male albino rats.


The degree of ionization of polyacrylic acid and pure sodium polyacrylate solutions covering a wide concentration range was deteremined by measuring the pH values of these solutions.The results show that the degrees of ionization are very sensitve to the location of the concentration range of polyelectrolyte solutions.The concept of dynamic contact concentration proposed by Qian Renyuan and the principle of division of flexible neutral polymer solutions into four concentration ranges namely extremely dilute,dilute,semidilute and concentrated solutions are confirmed to be universally applicable to polyelectrolyte solutions.


Managing water resources requires consideration of both environmental and socio-economic benefits to effectively balance the benefits and costs. This includes identifying ecosystem services (ES) of concern and how to evaluate the project or proposed changes effect on these ES. The purpose of this effort is to describe methods to evaluate ecosystem services to provide expanded irrigation to existing agricultural lands in Alabama and the potential application to other areas. A case study has been undertaken on the Middle Alabama watershed in central Alabama and methods have been developed and applied to evaluate ES in terms of how irrigated versus rainfed fields will affect sediment retention, fertilizer usage and the effect of the subsequent discharges of sediment and nitrogen from fertilizer on water quality. The results of case studies in the Middle Alabama watershed indicate positive ES benefits from sustainable agricultural practices and the irrigation of agricultural lands versus rainfed fields. We anticipate these methods will be applicable to other watersheds outside the southeast region too.


Thoracic epidural analgesia is a common method of pain relief for thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. Misplacement of the epidural catheter is one of the complications associated with epidural analgesia. A 60-year-old man was scheduled for a right pneumonectomy under general anesthesia. Before inducing general anesthesia, the patient was placed in the left lateral decubitus position. A 18-gauge Tuohy needle was inserted into the T6-T7 level using the left paramedian approach 1.5 cm lateral to the midline with a loss of resistance at 7 cm, and uneventful catheter advancement was performed. Approximately 30 minutes after commencing surgery, the surgeon found the epidural catheter in the right pleural cavity. We report a case of the accidental intrapleural positioning of a thoracic epidural catheter.


The short circuited melted marks and the over-heated melted mark of copper wire were analyzed.The latter one is the primary melted mark of the accident which microstructure can be divided into three areas,that is,the recrystallization area,the coarse grain area and the fine grain area.There is an obvious boundary between the coarse grain area and the fine grain area.The results show that the over-heated melted mark is one-time melted mark and the immediate cause of leading to the accident.


Hydraulic system in domestic concrete mixers is mostly used in driving system of mixing drum and only can meet the basic requirement.Therefore application and trend of hydraulic system in concrete mixer were put forward after studying foreign advanced technology in hydraulic system of concrete mixer.


Research data on Internet use in Russia show that it is an increasingly important form of communication, information gathering, and social aggregation. But it is necessary to take into consideration the specific characteristics of Russian society before assuming that the implications for political life will be similar to those found in other countries.


ABSTRACT This paper is devoted to the global in time existence of classical solutions to the d-Dimensional (dD) micropolar equations with fractional dissipation. Micropolar equations model a class of fluids with nonsymmetric stress tensor such as fluids consisting of particles suspended in a viscous medium. It remains unknown whether or not smooth solutions of the classical 3D micropolar equations can develop finite-time singularities. The purpose here is to explore the global regularity of solutions for dD micropolar equations under the smallest amount of dissipation. We establish the global regularity for two important fractional dissipation cases. Direct energy estimates are not sufficient to obtain the desired global a priori bounds in each case. To overcome the difficulties, we employ the Besov space techniques.


Hexapod basal clades are discussed and their relationships reconstructed based on comparative embryological evidence. Monophylies of Diplura, Dicondylia and Ectognatha is strongly supported but no embryological evidence supports mono-phyly of the Entognatha. The developmental potential of the embryonic membrane (it forms part of the dorsal body wall) suggests that proturans may be basal to all other hexapods


Sequence Chart Studio (SCStudio) is a user friendly drawing and verification tool for Message Sequence Charts (MSC). Currently the aim of SCStudio is to simplify the layout of MSC and to draw it in well-arranged way. This thesis deals with variation of layout with respect to timestamps. It describes possible ways of MSC arranging and implements the most suitable approach. Furthermore SCStudio is enhanced with variation tightening algorithm, that works with absolute time intervals and also proves its correctness.


The suppression of siRNA to the expression of the mRNA of target gene Smad7 was studied.The siRNAs of Smad7 gene were prepared by in virto transcription.BERP35T-2 lung cancer cell line was transient transfected with siRNAs and Smad7 expression plasmid using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent.The expression abundance of target gene mRNA was tested with Northern blot hybridization.According to the coding sequence of Smad7 gene, the siRNAs for two different target sequences in vitro were syntnesized successfully. The result of Northem blot hybridization showed that the expression abundance of both endogenous and exogenous Smad7 mRNA decreased evidently in BERP35T-2 cells transfected with siRNAs. Both regions of 542bp~563bp and 701bp~722bp in the coding region of Smad7 gene are effective target sequences which can be acted by siRNA.The siRNAs designed and synthesized in our research can suppress the expression of Smad7 gene effectively.


(57) [Summary]
Intermediate products for the synthesis of amlodipine, their preparation and use. The intermediate product is ethyl 3-amino-4- (2- (phthalimido) ethoxy) crotonate and has formula (III). The method of preparation consists in reacting acetoacetate having formula (A) with ammonium acetate, which reacts ethyl 3-amino-4- (2- (phthalimido) ethoxy) crotonate with a benzylidene derivative. Used to prepare compounds having (B).


The reduction of Cr(VI) by mandelic, malic and lactic acids was studied in batch experimental systems at different temperatures and pH values. The results showed that the ability to reduce Cr(VI) by the organic acids with α-OH was in the order:mandelic acid malic acid lactic acid. The influence of pH on the reduction of Cr(VI) by mandelic acid was strongest among the three organic acids, and temperature exerted the greatest effect on the reaction between lactic acid and Cr(VI). The influence of Mn(II) on the reduction of Cr(VI) by the three organic acids was also studied. Mn(II) catalysed the reduction of Cr(VI) by α-OH acids, especially mandelic acid.


In Lampung, many businesses produce mushrooms made from empty fruit bunch (EFB) palm oil, this has a positive impact on companies and communities around the company. The objective of the research is to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the EFB standard
 mushroom business and the analysis of its development strategy in Lampung Province. The result of the research shows that (1) the development of mushroom industry made from EFB in Lampung Province has the strength of raw material available in large quantities and easily obtained, while the
 weakness is mushroom is a product that is easily damaged and untreated mushroom waste; (2) the odds are that the need for food mushrooms is still high and tends to increase, while the threat is increasing production and transportation costs and uncontrolled extreme weather; and (3) the main
 priority strategy for the large business unit is the development of new mushroom processing business and the modernization of mushroom making technology, while for the small and beginner business unit is to encourage business development to reach economies of scale.


Hydrocarbon production from underneath naturally fractured sandstone formations will reach a mature phase of production where natural pressure can no longer force fluids to the surface facilities, therefore, a cost-effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) approach is required to recover the remaining oil. Water alternated gas(WAG) injection is a promising EOR method that utilize the combine advantage of water and gas injection to achieve better mobility control, improved sweep efficiency and overall recovery from the given reservoir. In this study, a miscible WAG to a core flood model using numerical simulation techniques (Eclipse Reservoir Simulator – Black Oil Model Option) was investigated. A case study reservoir X was produced for 15 years using three wells after initial forecast showed that natural depletion could not sustain production from the earliest time of production. With different simulation scenarios that represent specific case of WAG ratio, optimal WAG ratio using oil recovery factor was selected and used to perform   twelve (12) simulation runs to ascertain the influence of WAG cycle period on oil recovery factor. The most effective WAG cycle scenario was 90W-30G with oil recovery factor of 0.54684 (54.68 %) and cumulative production of 14.987MMSTB, while 30W-90G gives the lowest oil recovery factor and cumulative production of 0.47468 (47.47%) and 12.996MMSTB respectively. Hence, higher water cycling period is required for better oil recovery. Also, lower water to gas injection rates (WAG ratio) enhances the recovery of oil from the reservoir. Results reveals that despite predicted higher recovery factor, lower WAG ratio showed a potential of relatively poor pressure maintenance which can impact future recovery from the reservoir


Introduction: Strong dependence of helium-3 abundance on size and composition of regolith particles imposes significant restrictions on use of the measured and published data for an estimation of the isotope resources in lunar regolith. The estimations of the helium-3 abundance received for preliminary enriched samples, i.e. for different regolith fraction in size, and also for the separate components of regolith selected to mineral, chemical or other attribute do not reflect the average abundance of the isotope in bulk regolith and cannot be used for an estimation of the general resources of this element. The optimal are the estimations received for representative samples of bulk regolith without division into fractions and components. Luna 16: Core sampling at «Luna-16» landing site was carried out to depth of 35 cm with core drilling. Mare basalts in the landing site belong to a spectral class with average Ti abundance (TiO2 4.9 %) [2]. He abundance is examined for different fractions of regolith particles (Table 1).


ABSTRACT
Breast self-examination in terms of knowing the importance of women's health
Breast cancer is still one of the most prominent health problems of women in the world. Although it's a widely observed type of cancer, it has a slow growth rate and when it is diagnosed at the early stages the results of the treatment can be successful and the mortality rates can be reduced. There are various methods for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. of these methods breast self exam is the cost free one that can be learned and applied by every woman and does not require much time and effort. Breast self exam increases both women's awareness on breast health and the rate of application to medical institutions when women realize a change in their breasts. War against breast cancer, which is a frequently observed illness that causes death, can be realized through raising all women's awareness. In this article literature reports will be given about the importance of knowing how to apply breast self exam to maintain women's health.


In order to obtain the spatial information of void and to appraise the function of void in asphalt mixture,the draining water asphalt mixture with the larger percentage of void was taken as the carrier to research.The parameters including percentage of void,void appearance,void diameter,specific surface area and void gradation were analyzed from different description angles based on heterogeneous,polyphase and multi-level characteristics and void irregular,disordered state of asphalt mixture,it was found that the relation between void diameter and permeation model can be established directly.The basic thought,application scope and limitation of mathematics methods including statistics,topology,fractal geometry method,renormalization group method,spectral density method were carried on comparative analysis,it was found that the fractal dimension can be used to express the spatial distribution state of void precisely.The equipment principle,the adaptation condition and the result precision of test methods including mercury method,gas adsorption method,X-ray computed tomography,small angle X-ray scattering method,optical method were carried on contrast research,it was found that the accumulation void volume with mercury method can be obtained by the mercury pressure curve in certain void diameter scope,and the lossless image can be obtained by X-ray computed tomography after enhancement,the division and extraction can be used to compute the distribution function of spatial void quantitatively.The results indicate that the void diameter is the effective attributing parameter of spatial void,the fractal geometry method,the mercury method and X-ray computed tomography can quantitatively research void spatial model.1 tab,7 figs,11 refs.


The New South Wales State Government has embarked on a multi-billion dollar programme of pollution abatement in Sydney, The socio-economic and political factors which have prompted this are described, These illustrate the complexities of dealing with pollution problems while social values alter, public organisations experience administrative change and financial pressures, and politicians try to balance environmental and economic objectives, The technical progress of the Sydney initiatives to reduce storm water runoff and sewer overflow pollution is also outlined.


Background: In the 2-year CARE-MS I and II trials, alemtuzumab 12 mg administered on 5 consecutive days at core study baseline and on 3 consecutive days 12 months later significantly improved outcomes versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (SC IFNB-1a) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Here, we present the final 6-year CARE-MS extension trial results (CAMMS03409), and compare outcomes over 6 years in patients randomized to both treatment groups at core study baseline. Methods: Over a 4-year extension, alemtuzumab patients (alemtuzumab-only) received as-needed additional alemtuzumab (⩾12 months apart) for disease activity after course 2. SC IFNB-1a patients who entered the extension discontinued SC IFNB-1a and received 2 alemtuzumab 12 mg courses (IFN–alemtuzumab), followed by additional, as-needed, alemtuzumab. Results: Through year 6, 63% of CARE-MS I and 50% of CARE-MS II alemtuzumab-only patients received neither additional alemtuzumab nor other disease-modifying therapy, with lasting suppression of disease activity, improved disability, and slowing of brain volume loss (BVL). In CARE-MS I patients (treatment-naive; less disability; shorter disease duration), disease activity and BVL were significantly reduced in IFN–alemtuzumab patients, similar to alemtuzumab-only patients at year 6. Among CARE-MS II patients (inadequate response to prior treatment; more disability; longer disease duration), alemtuzumab significantly improved clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes, including BVL, in IFN–alemtuzumab patients; however, disability outcomes were less favorable versus alemtuzumab-only patients. Safety profiles, including infections and autoimmunities, following alemtuzumab were similar between treatment groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the high efficacy of alemtuzumab over 6 years, with a similar safety profile between treatment groups. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00530348; NCT00548405; NCT00930553


ABSTRACT This article describes the process of designing the educational resource website thealstonstudio.com and explores some issues arising from the curatorial process. It touches on the role of users in the continuing development of the site, and on the creators' continuing discussion about what should be recorded and archived in relation to the notion of a 'singular' work. Following an introduction to the website we reflect on the archive in our responses to questions posed to us by Sarah Whatley following the Digital Echoes Symposium at Coventry University, March 2012.