Railgun systems for the application of pellet injectors have been investigated and developed in the experimental stage. One of the main features of these railgun systems is the use of a pulse laser beam to induce the initial plasma armature between rails to be accelerated. This unique feature provides a reduction of the supplied voltage to the breakdown between the rails in order to avoid any unnecessary breakdown between the rails and to reduce the erosion of the rails. The authors present results of experimental and theoretical research and introduce the design study for a repetitive pellet injection systems with an electromagnetic railgun based on the research progress.<<ETX>>


elusion is required. Rather, I suggest only that Polzin's tilt toward Gadamer from Deuteronomy may be permitted but not required. And that is because the text as we have it is as we have it. It is not simply a critical analysis of an older text (Moses), but it is also a forceful proposal of its own which can be studied and settled in some way, even as Polzin has made a settlement. There may be layers and layers of reinterpretation. But the glimpse we have of Deuteronomy surely reflects an adamant fixity at one point in the text, and that fixity of meaning is urged against every alternative. These comments will suggest how rich, suggestive, and difficult is this book. It is one that will require sustained attention. Polzin has here kept a promise of many scholars that we need to do criticism in a new way. And here he shows in detail one such way. For a literary structuralism, it is relatively free of party cant. I conclude with an uneasiness that too much is argued on narrow grounds and perhaps many of the same points could be made on other grounds. One senses that some of his points are good, discerning theology that do not depend on the "voices." At some points his conclusions are quite close to judgments reached on other grounds. But the major gain is that Polzin permits two things: (1) He lets us see the text afresh. (2) He moves the methodological issues to a new plateau. Even if he cannot finally sustain all his claims, those gains in themselves are a significant piece of work. Presumably he will carry his argument through the remainder of Deuteronomy, to the benefit of us all. The measure of the argument is that the text will not be perceived the same way again.


Background: A prospective study of infertility evaluation: a comparison between premenstrual endometrial biopsy and mid-cycle non-invasive methods. A multicentre study in PGIMSR, GMCH, St stephens hospital, New Delhi, India. Methods: women attending infertility clinics of age between 20-35 years, with regular menstrual cycles ranging from 21-35 days. Were included, a total of 120 women were enrolled. The study was performed with trans vaginal probe (6.5 MHz), at mid cycle on day 12-14, endometrial thickness was measured, with pattern and Doppler study to evaluate PI (Pulsatility index) and RI (Resistive index) of endometrial myometrial junction, with measurement of LH (Luteinising hormone) level at the same time. Assuming a minimum incidence of 6% with alpha = 0.05; power = 80% & dropout rate = 10% sample size is proposed to include 120 cases. Endometium sampling was done in premenstrual phase. Results: The high level of LH correlated well with good secretory endometrium and patients with endometrial thickness ≥7 mm and a trilaminar pattern correlated well with secretory endometrium( in phase) and with ET <7 mm had out of phase or non-secretory endometrium. Among blood flow indices low (Pulsatility index) PI is seen to correlate with secretory endometrium. High blood flow impedance was detected in out of phase & non-secretory endometrium. Conclusions: To conclude mid-cycle non-invasive methods are comparable to premenstrual endometrial biopsy for identification of patient with luteal phase defect.


Communities of Innovation (COIs) is the approach yielding most value in the open innovation sector due to its strong developmental dynamics. While the literature has so far only analysed discrete facets of COIs, the general functioning of a COI is still largely unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to identify the interdependence between various functional elements of COIs and the effects of motives and cognitive success dimensions of a COI on planned activities based on the integrative-conceptual model of innovation. This study surveyed member groups of COIs and the structural equation modelling method for model estimates. The results showed the heterogeneous nature of motives among different groups derived from success dimensions and planned activities; solutions to the problem of critical mass for developers and facilitators; and expectations of solution quality and innovation diffusion. The findings implied that the successful establishment of group-related basic collectives is required to avoid premature abandonment of COIs. The integrative analysis of the present paper is the first-time approach of this kind providing evidence of a high level of interdependence between functional elements in different groups in COI.


AND KEYWORDS Abstract Recent concepts as megaregions and polycentric urban regions emphasize that external economies are not confined to a single urban core, but shared among a collection of close-by and linked cities. However, empirical analyses of agglomeration and agglomeration externalities so-far neglects the multicentric spatial organization of agglomeration and the possibility of 'sharing' or 'borrowing' of size between cities. This paper takes up this empirical challenge by analyzing how different spatial structures, in particular the monocentricity – polycentricity dimension, affect the economic performance of U.S. metropolitan areas. OLS and 2SLS models explaining labor productivity show that spatial structure matters. Polycentricity is associated with higher labor productivity. This appears to justify suggestions that, compared to relatively monocentric metropolitan areas, agglomeration diseconomies remain relatively limited in the more polycentric metropolitan areas, while agglomeration externalities are indeed to some extent shared among the cities in such an area. However, it was also found that a network of geographically proximate smaller cities cannot provide a substitute for the urbanization externalities of a single large city. Availability The ERIM Report Series is distributed through the following platforms: Classifications The electronic versions of the papers in the ERIM report Series contain bibliographic metadata by the following classification systems: Abstract Recent concepts as megaregions and polycentric urban regions emphasize that external economies are not confined to a single urban core, but shared among a collection of close-by and linked cities. However, empirical analyses of agglomeration and agglomeration externalities so-far neglects the multicentric spatial organization of agglomeration and the possibility of 'sharing' or 'borrowing' of size between cities. This paper takes up this empirical challenge by analyzing how different spatial structures, in particular the monocentricity – polycentricity dimension, affect the economic performance of U.S. metropolitan areas. OLS and 2SLS models explaining labor productivity show that spatial structure matters. Polycentricity is associated with higher labor productivity. This appears to justify suggestions that, compared to relatively monocentric metropolitan areas, agglomeration diseconomies remain relatively limited in the more polycentric metropolitan areas, while agglomeration externalities are indeed to some extent shared among the cities in such an area. However, it was also found that a network of geographically proximate smaller cities cannot provide a substitute for the urbanization externalities of a single large city. Acknowledgement Evert Meijers wishes to thank the funding provided by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The paper has benefited from well thought-out comments by Nick …


The debris flow hazards followed the Wenchuan earthquake have been the key restricting factor to the restoration and reconstruction in Beichuan County.The developing degrees evaluation of debris flow is of great significance to the reconstruction.Using ArcGIS technology and multi-factor superposition method,the developing degrees of debris flows in Beichuan County followed the Earthquake was evaluated based on the field survey and remote sensing interpretation.Landslides density,formation lithology,seismic intensity,slope gradient,surface roughness,and average annual precipitation were selected as evaluation factors and each of them was subdivided into five grades.Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was used to determine the weights of factors and quantify each grade.On that basis,multi-factor weighted superposition evaluation model was constructed and used to evaluate the developing degrees of debris flow in the study area.According to the evaluation results,the study area was divided into three areas:high growth area,medium growth area and low growth area.The high growth area concentrated on the hanging wall of Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault and distributed along Leigu-Qushan-Chenjiaba townships,accounting for 6.6% of the study area.The medium growth area located on both sides of the high growth area and mainly on the hanging wall of Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault,accounting for 22.5% of the study area.The rest belonged to low growth area,accounting for 70.9% of the study area.It was suggested that human activities should avoid debris flows in the high growth area and debris flow disaster evaluation should be conducted in the medium growth area to ensure no disaster threat,or must avoid debris flow,too.


We have extended the electron gas model due to Gordon and Kim to calculate the interaction energies of multi-atom and multi-adatom-molecule systems. We present our extension and the preliminary results of the effect of the basis sets used to describe the components on the predicted equilibrium geometries. Finally we compare the results calculated using this model to results using a 6–12 type potential for the predicted equilibrium geometries of benzene-argon and anthracene-argon complexes for one and two bound adatoms.


Traditional nasal surgery requires the doctor's left hand to carry the endoscope and right hand to complete the surgical operation using unstable images, potentially leading to danger due to mental fatigue, which may greatly prolong the operation time. Previously, robots in robot assisted endoscope sinus surgery (RAESS) only used simple linear motion control, lacked a dynamic tracking mechanism, and had no effective safety protection constraints, such as virtual fixtures or real-time force sensors. This paper describes an innovative and secure robotic control strategy for a dynamic automatic tracking endoscope with doctor input based on the mixed constraint of a dual-layer hyperboloid virtual fixture generated by a series of key points around the nasal cavity and a model of the threshold contact force. A tracking control strategy is set up after calibrating the navigation system and motion filtering via a human-machine interaction. Several experiments show that the hyperboloid virtual fixtures can generate an efficient constraint of different robotic motions and that the robot can automatically execute a track mission with high precision. The proposed safety protection method can be easily applied to patients with different nose shapes and greatly improve the quality of surgery.


This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter-based circuit topology used for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) application implemented with the virtual inertia controller (VIC). This topology provides the virtual synchronous inertial support in the power-electronic dominated grid (PEDG), by which the frequency deviation beyond the nominal range is avoided in the system. The primary objective of this work is to maintain frequency (f) stability in a PEDG and support reactive-power (Q) variation in the system. The CHB converter typically maintains the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) in a grid-tied inverter system. Whenever there is a frequency variation in the system due to sudden active-power variation, this topology uses the stored energy in the capacitor of CHB-STATCOM to improve the frequency nadir/zenith and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), preventing frequency instability. Controlling the DC-link voltage variation of the CHB converter proportional to the system frequency variation, virtually inertia is provided to the static PEDG system. In this work, the charging and discharging of all the capacitors used in the topology are taken care. Finally, the viability of the proposed theory is verified in simulation for step-up and step-down load change.


Learning from Observation involves creating agents that observe experts performing tasks and imitate them. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a tool that can be used for this purpose. Regular CBR can only learn memoryless behavior: behavior that doesn't rely on the past. Temporal Backtracking (TB) is an approach to learning state-based behavior that uses re-cency as its inductive bias, which may or may not be relevant to the agent behavior. We show how TB can be viewed as a particular case of a more generalized case-based approach to learning state-based behavior that can accommodate other inductive biases. We then propose five alternative similarity metrics to learn three different state-based behaviors in a 2D vacuum cleaner domain, and compare their performance to the TB algorithm's performance. We show that none of the proposed metrics (nor TB) is a one-size-fits all algorithm for learning state-based behavior.


The focus of present study is to quantify and delineate the spatial variations infiltration over various soil-vegetation covers existing in a small natural forest watershed located in a part of central India. Several field tests were conducted using double ring infiltrometers. Observed data were utilized for characterizing infiltration and deriving ranges of parameters used in Horton's Infiltration model. Surface attributes of the watershed were observed and categorized depending upon the prevailing soil-vegetation covers. Infiltration characteristics were determined for these cover complexes which showed vast variations and thus proved dominant influences of the vegetation. The temporal variations were of identical patterns but the magnitudes were differing significantly. Initial infiltration rates were ranging between 26 to 337 mm/hr, while the steady state rates were in the range of 5-24 mm/ha, depending upon the surface attributes oflands at the test locatons. Attempts have been made to develop standard type curves of mass infiltration with their categorical comparison. These results may facilitate researchers for better applications of the modern rainfall-funoff modeling approaches on similar forest watersheds in the region.


Varieties of United States tobaccos, tobacco introductions, and wild Nicotiana species were tested in the laboratory and in the field for resistance to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.). Selections and crosses of resistant tobacco were less susceptible than any of the standard burley tobacco varieties. Ky. 62, TI 566B, and TI 567 were more susceptible than the other tobacco varieties tested. Nicotiana gossei, N. repanda, and N. frigonophylla were highly resistant, but crosses of N. gossei with N. tabacum did not show the high resistance of the N. gossei parent. The senescing leaves of the resistant wild species were much more susceptible to aphids than the young or mature leaves. The glucose content of N. gossei leaves was very low compared with that of leaves of susceptible plants, but from preliminary tests this relationship did not seem to be true for other resistant species.


The theory of legal act is one of the basic categories of legal philosophy. With the act of law introduced into our country, the scholars attach more importance to the research of legal act. In order to avoid repeated research, the author makes a comprehensive review of legal action in the meanings, interpretations and definitions, structure, classifications and evaluation.


Introduction. Systemic administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) causes brain damage (BD), and triggers a series of morphological and neurochemical changes, which in turn bring about behavioral, cognitive, and motor deficits. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) levels are controlled by various brain structures and these levels are related to motor activity; however, the concentration of these neurotransmitters during the postictal process remains unknown. Objective. We investigated the concentration of 5-HT, NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex on motor deficit during the postictal stage. Method. Eighteen male Wistar rats (300 g) assigned to two groups: control (n = 9, saline solution) and experimental (n = 9, PTZ) were used. Myoclonic shakes were counted and motor behavior assessments were recorded during three hours post PTZ injection (90 mg/kg). The cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of each rat were dissected to determine the 5-HT, DA, and NA concentration by high performance liquid chromatography. Results. PTZ induced a significant increase in total 5-HT and DA levels in the hippocampus and cortex; in the cerebellum there was a significant increase in the concentration of 5-HT and NA. The presence of myoclonic shakes as well as a marked motor deficit in the experimental group were significantly different in comparison to the control. Discussion and conclusion. 5-HT modifies the concentration of other monoamines directly involved in motor aspects such as NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex during the postictal process.


The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the avidin/biotin-liposome system in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Optimal avidin/biotin-liposome injection sequence with enhanced liposome accumulation to the peritoneum was determined. Two weeks after NIH:OVCAR3 cell inoculation, rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (B-A) (n = 4), received an intraperitoneal injection of 99m Tc-blue-biotin-liposomes 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of avidin. Group 2 (A-B) (n = 4), received an intraperitoneal injection of avidin 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of 99m Tc-blue-biotin-liposomes. Group 3 (A-B 2h) (n = 5), received an intraperitoneal injection of avidin 2 h before an intraperitoneal injection of 99m Tc-blue-biotin-liposomes. Three additional non-tumor nude rats served as controls in each group, and were subjected to the same injection sequences. Scintigraphic imaging commenced at various times post 99m Tc-blue-biotin-liposome injection. After imaging, rats were euthanized at 23 h post-liposome injection for tissue biodistribution. Images showed no apparent difference in liposome distribution between control and tumor animals. Regional uptake analysis at 4 h for tumor rats showed significantly higher lymphatic channel uptake in the A-B 2h group (p < 0.05) and a trend of increased peritoneal uptake in A-B group. By 22 h, peritoneal and lymphatic channel uptake was similar for all groups. At necropsy, most activity was found in blue-stained omentum, diaphragm, mediastinal and abdominal nodes. Bowel activity was minimal. These results correlate with previous normal rat studies, and demonstrate potential use of this avidin/biotin-liposome system for prolonging drug delivery to the peritoneal cavity and associating lymph nodes in this ovarian cancer xenograft model. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


This study compares data from the Centers' study (1945) with another national sample study done in 1963. The variables used are: subjective social class, occupation, education, and age. The results show a reduction in the use of the working-class label. The meaning of "subjective social class" is questioned. An explanation for the statistical relationships, consistent with the redefinition of social class, is presented. Suggestions for future research in line with this explanation are recommended. R ecently the issue of "subjective social class" was revived in the sociological literature. It was shown by Hamilton that over half of the white-collar workers designated themselves with the working-class label in 1956.1 Tucker, with data from a study done in 1963, showed that only 18 percent of these workers chose the working-class label.2 This study can be viewed as a continued effort to solve this problem. The problem implied in the disagreement revolves around the question: Do Americans still label themselves working class as previous studies indicate ?3 Put in this manner the question does not solve the methodological and theoretical problems which have appeared in the literature regarding subjective social class.4 * The data for this study were analyzed as part of another study: See Charles W. Tucker, Jr., "Occupational Evaluation and Self-Identification," unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, 1966. The original study is discussed in Charles P. Loomis, Zona K. Loomis, and Jeanne E. Gullahorn, Linkages of MAexico and the Uniited States (East Lansing: Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Bulletin 14, 1966), paper read at the annual meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, Atlanta, Georgia, March 1967. 1 R. F. Hamilton, "The Marginal Middle Class," A-nerican Sociological Reviezw, 31 (April 1966), pp. 192-199. 2 Charles W. Tucker, Jr., "On Working-Class Identification," Americat Sociological Reviewe, 31 (December 1966), pp. 855-856. 3 The main study under consideration is: Richard Centers, The Psychology of Social Classes (New York: Russell & Russell, 1961). 4The major criticisms can be found-in: H. M. Hodges, Social Stratification (Cambridge: SchenkThis content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Sun, 16 Oct 2016 05:32:23 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL CLASS 509 Most of these issues will not be of concern


PURPOSE: A method for sensing a back wind of a gas boiler is provided to use safely a boiler by preventing an entering of a back wind. CONSTITUTION: A gas boiler comprises an exhaust fan for a combustion gas, a microprocessor for controlling an operation of the boiler and an infrared sensor. If the boiler is activated, the microprocessor measures an RPM of the exhaust fan. If the RPM of the exhaust fan exceeds a normal range, a voltage inputted from a transformer to the microprocessor is measured, and a combustion state of the gas burner is sensed by the infrared sensor. If the combustion is a normal state, the voltage inputted from the transformer to the microprocessor is measured only, and the measured voltage is stored as a reference voltage set value. A variation amount of the voltage is measured and compared with the reference voltage thereby sensing an entering of the back wind.


Fast charging technology is attracting attention due to the increase in the use of batteries such as EV (Electric Vehicle), LEV (Light Electric Vehicle) and ESSs (Energy Storage Systems). Fast charging of the battery has problems such as fire, heat, and performance degradation of the battery. In the case of fast charging, a large current is applied to the battery to charge it. For this reason, information of battery voltage, battery current and temperature is important when charging a battery. Excessive current, overvoltage, and overheating beyond the standard value can cause deterioration of battery performance and a direct cause of fire. Therefore, the condition of the battery must be operated in the condition that meets the battery standard. To overcome these problems, we are trying to solve problems such as battery overheating and accidents by applying real-time monitoring technology, User Mode and Auto Control Mode. In this paper, we propose a real-time monitoring system based on the PHPOC Wi-Fi Shield. It operates to efficiently manage the charger and battery status based on real-time data, and is verified through real-time monitoring of the proposed system.


The Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, NATO. initiated a trial program to test the feasibility and value of obtaining standardized vehicle crash damage and injury information on an international basis. The goals of this program were to obtain better data on the degree of protection which a vehicle provides to its occupants in crashes, so that these data could aid automotive designers in producing safer vehicles and assist government engineers in assessing safety standard effectiveness. International comparisons of traffic accident statistics have been addressed in only a relative few research papers. Many problems underlie such a comparison: lack of detailed data, missing data, uncertainty as to the biases surrounding the data collection procedures, etc. A major program -- the Road Safety Pilot Studies -- has provided the framework whereby an international accident data collection and analysis procedure has been established. The Accident Investigation Pilot Study is being conducted under the general supervision and guidance of the Netherlands, with participation from eight additional nations. Southwest Research Institute, under contract to the U.S. Department of Transportation, is providing consultation and technical assistance to chairman. Technical consultation is also provided by the United Kingdom, and procedural matters are handled by the Belgian representative. Communications between the participating nations were effected by the establishment of a policy-setting coordinating panel, consisting of one high-level governmental representative from each nation. Because of their interest in vehicle safety, Sweden was also invited by the chairman to participate in the program. The data on which this paper is based were collected by 33 different accident investigation teams in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Each team collected the same information on each accident investigated and coded it according to a standard format agreed upon by all the participating countries. At least one member from each of the participating teams received orientation and training in the use of the standard collision analysis report form, vehicle damage index, and occupant injury scale. After the accident cases were coded by each team, they were sent to Southwest Research Institute, where they were processed, keypunched, and stored in a data file. There are now 520 cases in the files. This paper and its companion paper, (Cromack, J.R., G.M. Barnwell, E.E. Flamboe, and H. Perring. "Injury Patterns According to Crash Configuration." Proc. IRCOBI, 1973; 1: 37-42.), represent the first examination of these data. Each case in the data file consists of detailed information on the vehicle investigated and on each of its occupants, a total of 517 variables.


The Comprehensive Plan (CP) for multipurpose development and management of water resources in the Delaware River Basin, under the first Federal-Interstate compact, is explained. The CP is a codification of administrative laws adopted by the Delaware River Basin Commission, and serves as a general guide for planning, devlopment, and operation of water-related projects and facilities, both public and private, for water supply, water quality control, flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation. The CP serves also as a regulatory document to prohibit developments that do not conform to the adopted plan. The CP grows in scope almost monthly as the Commission adds new projects, policies, criteria, and standards. The CP, together with the basic statutory law, the Delaware River Basin Compact, provide the legal basis for regulatory control of water resources in the four-state, 13,000 sq-mile region. The CP includes the controversial Tocks Island Lake project, a multipurpose impoundment sited on a 37-mile reach of the Delaware River just downstream of the New York—New Jersey State boundary, which has been halted by opposition from environmental groups.


The objective of this visit was to initiate the needs assessment case study examining the marketing system for non-grain starch staple food crops linking the rural producer to the Dar es Salaam urban market. Preliminary visits were made to city markets and an identified production area for cassava. Training was provided to members of the survey team covering information requirements, potential sources of information and methods of data collection. These field visits also provided the basis for the formulation of survey guidelines which were left with the project field manager. The survey is to be conducted by members of the Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre (TFNC) and Marketing Development Bureau (MDB) over the three month period July to September 1994. The primary objective of the survey is to characterise the marketing system identifying major constraints and possible technical intervention needs with a view to technology transfer activities in the non-grain starch staple post-harvest system. The survey also represents a logical extension of the transfer of needs assessment methodologies component of the project, with national participants conducting the survey.


Bridges are an integral and important part of the highway infrastructure system and need to be designed to provide the necessary safety for the traveling public. Bridge failures can result in the disruption of commerce and services, significant repair costs, and most importantly the loss of human life. Performing a failure analysis during design, coupled with the review of past bridge failures, can help to avoid the need to initiate investigations and perform forensic engineering after a failure. This is the motivation for the development of this Framework. The development of this Framework considers bridge failures that resulted in collapse, service closures, major repairs, or other significant issues that occurred while the bridge was in service or during construction. A fault tree methodology is adopted in the Framework, where lessons from past bridge failures are used extensively to identify potential events that could lead to a bridge failure. A bridge designer, conscientiously or unconscientiously, goes through a fault-tree analysis mentally while ensuring that the design is devoid of weaknesses that could lead to bridge malfunction or failure. This Framework can provide a starting point for the less than senior engineer to jump start a conscientious evaluation process, and is expected to be of interest to students and instructors of bridge engineering, bridge owners, bridge designers, inspectors, fabricators, contractors, and maintenance personnel.


In a previous paper the authors described experiments on the resistance of lead to currents having the high frequency of 107 per second. In these experiments no evidence was found of an abrupt change of resistance corresponding to the phenomenon of superconductivity that appears with direct currents when the critical temperature of 7·2° K. is passed, and it was pointed out that the partial silvering of the vacuum flasks that contained the lead coil was a source of error. In a set of new experiments to be described below unsilvered flasks were used, but the same technique of measurement was adopted. It was found that there was an abrupt decrease of the high frequency resistance at a temperature which appeared to be slightly lower than that characteristic of the transition to superconductivity with direct currents. Experiments with tin instead of lead showed a similar result. The transition temperature was progressively lowered as the frequency was increased. The behaviour of tantalum was investigated also, and this metal, too, showed a depression of the critical temperature for high frequency currents.


The physical 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theory T[Y] was previously used to predict the existence of some 3-manifold invariants $\hat{Z}_{a}(q)$ that take the form of power series with integer coefficients, converging in the unit disk. Their radial limits at the roots of unity should recover the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants. In this paper we discuss how, for complements of knots in $S^3$, the analogue of the invariants $\hat{Z}_{a}(q)$ should be a two-variable series $F_K(x,q)$ obtained by parametric resurgence from the asymptotic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial. The terms in this series should satisfy a recurrence given by the quantum A-polynomial. Furthermore, there is a formula that relates $F_K(x,q)$ to the invariants $\hat{Z}_{a}(q)$ for Dehn surgeries on the knot. We provide explicit calculations of $F_K(x,q)$ in the case of knots given by negative definite plumbings with an unframed vertex, such as torus knots. We also find numerically the first terms in the series for the figure-eight knot, up to any desired order, and use this to understand $\hat{Z}_a(q)$ for some hyperbolic 3-manifolds.


This paper examines the performance of three-stage group screening in terms of the expected number of runs and the expected number of incorrect decisions. A few tables are given at the end to provide the reader with a guideline in choosing a proper screening strategy.


The research purpose is to explain the BCA's Priority Customer Satisfaction based on the marketing mix instruments. For that purpose, survey is conducted by choosing 78 unit samples. The result shows that the customer had been satisfied on the marketing mix attribute: Product, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence. However the customers are not satisfied on the price attribute. The result also shows that there is no satisfaction differences among the priority customer satisfaction category. According to Cartesians diagram, the marketing mix attribute, process is identified as attribute where policy should be concentrated, it's belong to quadrant A. Meanwhile the attribute people, physical evidence, place belong to quadrant B, and promotion and product are belong to quadrant C that do not need attention more. What BCA should focus on serving the Priority Customer on the future is enriching the benefit by diversified service to cover the unsatisfied condition on price, charging the penalty.


Inability to adapt and adjust in Moodle-based English teaching, especially communicative language teaching. This study aims to analyze the Communicative Language teaching approach used in Moodle-based English teaching in universities. The research design used is a qualitative approach with a sequential experimental research design and using semi-structured interviews. The research subjects were 12 English lecturers. The study results indicate that the process-based approach to communicative language learning adapts and adapts Moodle-based English teaching. Practices related to the knowledge and experience of lecturers in teaching English at Moodle. The study concludes that the pedagogical Moodle-based communicative language teaching approach should be improved, and the system provides tremendous possibilities. Moodle makes adjustments in its English pedagogical approach and sequentially develops teaching and learning productivity. The implication of the research is to make adjustments in the pedagogical approach of English and develop learning productivity by integrating it into computers and the Internet.


Abstract Very little is known about Isaac Hollis, the eighteenth-century English Baptist who was the main benefactor of the Stockbridge Mission in Massachusetts where Jonathan Edwards was a missionary for the last eight years of his life. However, a study of contemporary journals, wills and other documents provides interesting facts about Hollis, not least his involvement in the exotic activities of the French Prophets. There is uncertainty as to whether he was a minister (as his American correspondents assume) or a layman (as indicated by English references.) A recent discovery sheds new light on this.


The existing scholarly literature on the work and life of Max Weber has almost nothing to say about Max Weber's dissertation which was part of his first book, The History of Commercial Partnerships. This article reconstructs the development of this work. It explores how Weber chose and developed his dissertation, describes its major themes, and analyzes the academic contexts that framed it. Of particular interest is Max Weber's relationship to Levin Goldschmidt, a leading scholar in the history of commercial law, and Weber's dissertation chair; also the assessment of each scholar's work by the other. The article also sheds light on how Weber's dissertation influenced his early career and it addresses Weber's personal life during this time, including Weber's relationship to his cousin Emmy Baumgarten, and his life as a bachelor at his parents' home, ruled by Max Weber Sr. The analysis reveals the remarkable academic challenges Weber faced and the obstacles he overcame in writing his first book, as well as his own extraordinarily difficult personal circumstances. An appendix presents a synopsis of the main arguments and themes of Weber's dissertation.


Brazil's wild animals are still used nowadays as a food source by traditional populations. However, there is little knowledge about hunting activities in the Northeastern region of Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hunting activities and use of wild fauna by the inhabitants of Queixo D'antas. It is a community located within the area where the Parque Nacional do Boqueirao da Onca (PNBO, Boqueirao da Onca National Park) will be established in the town of Campo Formoso, Bahia. In order to obtain data, we did 40 semistructured interviews in May 2010. Most of the interviewees (67.5%) admitted to do hunting activities, 55.17% for subsistence and 37.93% for recreation purposes. The 'tatu-verdadeiro' (Dasypus novemcintus) is the most hunted animal in the study area. The hunters showed preference for using a rifle as the preferred hunting tool (47.5%). The interviewees mentioned a total of 16 wild animal species that they think are disappearing from the study area. A total of 35% consider over-hunting as the major cause for the disappearance of the species. The community's inhabitants also raise wild animals as pets and birds were the most mentioned species used for this purpose (17.5%). Wild fauna is also used as a source for therapeutic treatments. Fifteen species were mentioned as the source of 11 raw materials used to prepare medicine to treat 17 illnesses. Our data show that the establishment of the PNBO and the implementation of educational programs for the local inhabitants are fundamental for the management and conservation of the study area's biodiversity.


A case of giant diverticulum of the anal canal, demonstrated on barium enema examination, confirmed at surgery and by microscopic examination of the specimen, is reported.The literature is reviewed and the clinical findings and the etiopathogenesis of the diverticula of the rectum and of the anal canal are discussed.


A reinforcement learning (RL) agent that performs successfully in a complex and dynamic environment has to continuously learn and adapt to perform new tasks. This necessitates for them to not only extract control and representation knowledge from the tasks learned, but also to reuse the extracted knowledge to learn new tasks. This paper presents a new method to extract this control and representational knowledge. Here we present a policy generalization approach that uses the novel concept of policy homomorphism to derive these abstractions. The paper further extends the policy homomorphism framework to an approximate policy. The extension allows policy generalization framework to efficiently address more realistic tasks and environments in non-deterministic domains. The approximate policy homomorphism derives an abstract policy for a set of similar tasks (a task type) from a set of basic policies learned for previously seen task instances. The resulting generalized policy is then applied in new contexts to address new instances of related tasks. The approach also allows to identify similar tasks based on the functional characteristics of the corresponding skills and provides a means of transferring the learned knowledge to new situations without the need for complete knowledge of the state space and the system dynamics in the new environment. We demonstrate the working of policy abstraction using approximate policy homomorphism and illustrate policy reuse to learn new tasks in novel situations using a set of grid world examples.


Abstract : The sabotaged programs given as input to Accuse show that it cannot stand alone as a detector of plagiarism, but must in fact be part of the larger system. This system should be one that retrieves the student's program, compiles it, runs on data the student has never seen, and then sends the student's program into a file that will eventually be processed through Accuse. Accuse accomplished its goal of being inexpensive to use. Results were actually better than expected. Finally, Accuse needs to be put into production use to verify or reject assertions made here. (Author)


The stability of methicillin, amikacin, erythromycin lactobionate, vancomycin, and ticarcillin in plastic intravenous containers of sodium chloride injection 0.9%, USP and dextrose 5% injection, USP was studied. The study was conducted under aseptic conditions for a period of 24 hours. The samples, drawn at various times, were assayed by a modified agar gel diffusion technique. The study solutions were stored at room temperature. This study revealed that amikacin, methicillin, vancomycin, and ticarcillin are stable for 24 hours in the test solutions. Erythromycin lactobionate is stable for 24 hours in normal saline, but the addition of sodium bicarbonate 4% (Neut®) was necessary to assure stability in dextrose 5 %.


The article presents the results of clinical study on the efficacy of Advocard medicine in combined
therapy of chronic heart failure (CHF). The comparative analysis showed that the Advocard improved
clinical and hemodynamic characteristics, as well as the parameters of central hemodynamics, tolerance
to physical upload, and functional condition of endothelium in patients with CHF. The study also
demonstrated that Advocard was efficient as cytoprotector, cardioprotector and antioxidant. Due to
these properties, the drug helped to diminish clinical manifestations of oxidative stress, which is one of
the major pathogenetic factors of CHF. Meanwhile, the need to make further explorations to find place
of Advocard in CHF therapy has been emphasized


ing), '공격성/확인'(aggression/checking), '저장'(hoard- ing), '대칭/정리하기'(symmetry/ordering), '성적/종교적 사 고(sexual/religious)'의 적어도 5가지의 대표적 증상 요인 이 있음이 보고되어 왔다. 또한 이러한 다양한 차원의 강박 Objectives:The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structures related to the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive In- ventory (MOCI) in middle school students. Methods:A total of 1,175 7th grade students from four middle schools in Paju city completed the MOCI, Center for Epide- miological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), and Self Esteem Scale (SES). An exploratory factor (maximum likelihood meth- od with oblique rotation) and correlation analyses were subsequently performed. Results:The two main factors related to the MOCI were 'intrusive thought' and 'contamination'. 'Intrusive thought' was posi- tively correlated with the CES-D and negatively associated with the SES. 'Contamination' had a negative correlation with self-es- teem as measured by the SES. Conclusion:The results of this study revealed a two-factor structure of obsessive and compulsive symptoms in middle school


Numerical flow simulations have been carried out in order to analyze the possibilities of numerical prediction of a steady-state incompressible air flow through a conical diffuser named Azad diffuser. The spreading angle of this diffuser is 8o and it has cylindrical parts of the constant diameter in the inlet and outlet flow zones. Numerical analysis has been performed by the use of the standard k-e turbulence model. The simulations have been performed using the Ansys CFX and the OpenFOAM software for cases of 2-D and 3-D computational domains. In both cases a fully developed turbulent flow at the inlet section of diffuser is present. The numerical flow simulation in a 2-D computational domain has been performed under the assumption of an axisymmetric flow in the diffuser. Numerically obtained results have been compared with experimental data. Results obtained with these two softwares have also been mutually compared. At the end the results obtained by CFD for the cases of 2-D and 3-D computational domains have been mutually compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of performing numerical simulations under the assumption of an axisymmetric flow in the diffuser have been analyzed.


A risk and resiliency model of children's adjustment was evaluated, with a focus on the relationship of parenting practices to risk and protective factors. Risk factors included family stress, family conflict, parent psychopathology and low socio-economic status. Protective factors included family cohesion, family social support and family moral– religious orientation. The research hypothesis was that parenting practices would have a direct effect on child outcomes, as well as a moderating effect on the relationship between risk and protective factors and child outcomes. Three different outcomes were utilized: disruptive behaviour disorders, adaptive emotional functioning and school achievement. Participants were 80 children aged 6–12 years and their mothers. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that the combination of family risk and protection and parenting practices was highly predictive of child functioning for both disruptive externalizing behaviours and positive emotional adaptation. It was found that negative family factors were more highly associated with negative child outcomes, whereas positive family factors were more highly associated with positive child outcomes. Family risk factors and poor parenting primarily accounted for the variance in externalizing child behaviours. Alternately, family protective factors and positive parenting primarily accounted for the variance in child adaptive behaviours. Parenting practices had a direct effect on child outcomes, but was not a strong moderator of the relationship between risk and protection factors and child outcomes.


Hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1,000 newbornsandabout4%of adults agedyounger than45years [Nadol, 1993]. Almost 50%of the total deafness cases are hereditary. The pattern of inheritance can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked or mitochondrial. Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness accounts for almost 80% of hereditary hearing loss. [Van Camp et al., 1997] More than 20 genes including some mitochondrial genes have been implicated in hearing deafness and many of these mutations have been documented in different ethnic groups [http://dnalab-www.uia.ac.be/ dnalab/hhh/]. One of the genes implicated in congenital hereditary deafness is an unconventional myosin gene called Myosin15 (myo15) that code for a mechano enzyme essential for the ciliary movement in the internal ear [Wang et al., 1998]. A defectivemyosin 15 can affect of the mobility of the cilia thereby affecting the hearing phenotype. Congenital hereditary deafness in an Indonesian kindred and two unrelated consanguineous families from India are linked to mutations in myosin15 gene. Themutation identified in theBengkala kindred was an A to T transversion at codon 892 in exon 28 resulting in an Ile-Phe substitution, while the mutations identified in the two Indian families were an A to T transversion at codon890 in exon 28 resulting in anAspTyr substitution and an A to T transversion at codon 1300 resulting in a nonsense mutation in exon39 [Wang et al., 1998]. There is a wide occurrence of hereditary deafness in South India. Incidentally South India accounts for a major share of world's total consanguineous marriages [Roychoudhury, 1976]. Sincemutations in themyosin15 gene has been already reported in two Indian families, we investigated the presence of these reported mutations in the Myosin15 gene in the affected families of South India. Fifty-seven families with nonsyndromic congenital deafness reporting to National Institute of Speech and Hearing, Trivandrum, Kerala, India were enrolled for the genetic analysis. Diagnosis of nonsyndromic sensorineural genetic deafness was established according to accepted clinical criteria [Nance et al., 1975]. Twentyfive families were screened for mutations in exon 39 while all the 57 families were screened for mutations in exon 28. PCR-RFLP and ASOPCR were the techniques employed to detect the mutations. The reportedmutation in exon 39 eliminates an XmnI site. Hence restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to screen affected individuals with XmnI enzyme. Primer sequences, PCR reaction, and cycling conditions were as previously described [Wang et al., 1998]. PCRproduct (5ml) was digested with 5U of XmnI in a reaction volume of 20 ml at 378C for 1 h. The reactions were stopped by adding 1ml of 0.5 mM EDTA. The digested products were resolved on 6%non-denaturing conventional PAGEat 20mA for 3h. HaeIII digest of Fx 174 DNA was used as a molecular size marker. The fragments were visualized under UV illuminator after staining with ethidium bromide for 20 min. GenomicDNAwas amplified using specific primers as previously described to yield a fragment of size 279 bp from exon 39. The A-T transversion at codon 1300 in exon 39 results in the elimination of anXmnI restriction site. The mutation can be detected by restriction digestion of the PCR product with the restriction enzyme XmnI. The fragment pattern for the normal allele is two bands of size 143and136bpand that of themutantallele is a single undigested band of size 279 bp. All the 25 families screened yielded 143 and 136 bp fragments indicating the absence of this mutation in these families (Fig. 1). Mutations in exon 28 were screened by PCR using Allele Specific Oligonucleotide [ASO] primers. Primer sequence, PCR reactions and cyclic conditions were as previously described [Wang et al., 1998]. This study *Correspondence to: Dr. T.J. Rasool, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttaranchal, India-263138. E-mail: email@example.com


Special report: Manufacturing and innovation In this special report A third industrial revolution Back to making stuff The boomerang effect Forging ahead Solid print Layer by layer All together now Making the future Sources & acknowledgementsReprints A third industrial revolution As manufacturing goes digital, it will change out of all recognition, says Paul Markillie. And some of the business of making things will return to rich countries


Objectives: To find ways on improving medical record quality in accordance with existing problems.Methods: 10% of total 117732 medical records in Shandong University Qilu Hospital from 2009 to 2010 were selected(which are 11771 medical records) by department.In the total 11771 selected medical records,6026 were sugary medical records and 5745 were non-sugary.The standard and foundation of assessment are the regulation of medical record writing in medical institute issued by Ministry of Health,regulation of medical record writing in medical institute issued by Shandong Province and the standard on medical record assessment in Qilu Hospital.Results: The most common problems in both sugary and non-sugary departments are the incompletion of the first page information,which is 5.22% and 4.60% to total selected medical records respectively.The common and easy to be ignored problems are irregular,incompletion of sticking test record and report record,basic information(such as patient's name,record page and inpatient No.) Conclusions: That establishing hospital three levels quality control system,strengthening process quality test and communication between clinical departments,strengthening training for new staff and graduates and strengthening quality assessment,clearing quality assessment standard and increasing penalty are the effective measures to improve quality of medical record.


Background: Percutaneous access to the pericardial space (PS) may be useful for a number of therapeutic modalities including implantation of epicardial pacing leads. We have developed a catheter‐based transvenous method to access the PS for implanting chronic medical devices.


PURPOSE: A scratch resistance thermoplastic resin composition is provided to minimize refractive index difference between resins and to ensure commerciality. CONSTITUTION: A scratch resistance thermoplastic resin composition contains: 30-80 weight% of polycarbonate resin, and 20-70 weight% of copolymer having (metha)acrylate having aromatic family of 1-10 carbon atoms or aliphatic substituent and vinylic monomer. The vinylic monomer has 1.6 or more refractive index in a homopolymer. The refractive index of the polycarbonate resin is 1.57-1.59. The (meta)acrylate has 80 weight% or more of methylmethacrylate.


(4) The doctrine of public interest immunity must be protected and recognized on all sides. Where material is sensitive it could be revealed to the judge who would be in a position to carry out the balancing act. When the Davis and Rowe case was decided, now some years ago, policing was not much involved in intelligence activity. Today the realities of organized crime and the longer term consequence of extensive legal aid mean that the traditional approach to crime investigation is often ineffective. The reality is that many cases will have an intelligence background and what was described as exceptional in the Davis and Rowe case is in fact normal. Given that police covert activity is to be regulated under the law and supervised by Commissioners (at least so much is anticipated) and that trial judges might have the opportunity to consider revealed material in the light of full disclosure by both sides, there should be a sufficient safeguard... (5) Enormous opportunities exist in the modernization and presentation of evidence. Interviews with suspects should be video recorded. Interviews with key witnesses could be recorded. Many processes, including searches, could be videoed. These are only examples and it seems to me if we use modern technology, more of what historically has been contentious could speak for itself. In this way many of the disclosure concerns might be abated. (6) Finally, I am drawn to the provisional view that we need to create an investigative regime which records the progress of the case in a routine fashion, like a doctor's case notes, so as to create a contemporaneous schedule. In more serious cases this dossier would be both a 'policy file' and a record of investigative transactions. We are intending to trial this possibility and if it is viable it may at least provide a clearer starting point for the consideration of disclosure, In many cases it might be sufficient in itself.


The authors tried to analyse the implication of one year of online education in one of the smallest Romanian university. The analysis was seen as a challenge for the management of a university who was not prepare for e-learning or online education at the beginning of the pandemic crisis. They have made a double investigation, one from the professor perspective and another from the students one. They had investigated the main feature of a standard online or a classical eLearning solution, such as the meeting solution or the videoconference software, the collaborative work such as homework or projects and the testing method or the quizzes from both perspectives. Because the university didn't adopt a unique solution they had made a comparison between the used solutions, and more important they identified the efficiency of the university management in implementing the online education in the pandemic crisis period.


Mineral oils and some other organic substances are employed as cooling-agents and lubricators of reactor equipment with movable parts. At normal operation condition these substances are able to penetrate into reactor protective gas plenum in vapor and aerosols forms. Due to their thermolysis and interaction with sodium there are produced hydrogen and different hydrocarbons species, that are detected usually in cover gas. Kinetic of the above processes is dependent on temperature conditions and with temperature increase from 350 to 500 °C the evolution of some hydrocarbons could rise up to 1-2 orders of magnitude. There were published notes on accidental ingress of oil in the primary circuit of fast reactor sodium coolant. Investigation results of such accidents simulation on the experimental sodium circuit are presented in the report. There are discussed results on kinetic of volatile hydrocarbons evolution from oil-pyrolysis products depositions on the circuit pipes walls and gas plenum surfaces. As well, different brands of oil are compared on their behavior in sodium environment.


Small-scale internetwork magnetic fields are important ingredients of the quiet Sun. In this paper we analyze how they appear and disappear on the solar surface. Using high resolution Hinode magnetograms, we follow the evolution of individual magnetic elements in the interior of two supergranular cells at the disk center. From up to 38 hr of continuous measurements, we show that magnetic flux appears in internetwork regions at a rate of 120 ± 3 Mx cm−2 day−1 (3.7 ± 0.4 × 1024 Mx day−1 over the entire solar surface). Flux disappears from the internetwork at a rate of 125 ± 6 Mx cm−2 day−1 (3.9 ± 0.5 × 1024 Mx day−1) through fading of magnetic elements, cancelation between opposite-polarity features, and interactions with network patches, which converts internetwork elements into network features. Most of the flux is lost through fading and interactions with the network, at nearly the same rate of about 50 Mx cm−2 day−1. Our results demonstrate that the sources and sinks of internetwork magnetic flux are well balanced. Using the instantaneous flux appearance and disappearance rates, we successfully reproduce the time evolution of the total unsigned flux in the two supergranular cells.


Half-hourly values of turbulent sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes, net radiation (𝑄∗) at the surface, and heat store in the canopy (𝛥𝑄𝑆) are used to characterize seasonal and interannual changes during three not-consecutive years (2009–12) in a suburban area (LCZ 6) of the megacity of São Paulo. Turbulent fluxes are estimated applying eddy covariance method to turbulence measurements performed with sampling rate of 10 Hz, between 25 and 26 m above the surface, and enforcing quality control procedures. The diurnal evolution of monthly average hourly values of 𝐻, 𝐿𝐸, 𝑄∗ and 𝛥𝑄𝑆 observed in 2012 indicate a seasonal variation with a daytime maximum with 𝐻 varying from a maximum of 180 ± 12 W m-2 in October to a minimum of 80.1 ± 9 W m2 in June, 𝐿𝐸 varying from a maximum of 152.0 ± 7.6 W m-2 in February to a minimum of 66.4 ± 7.6 W m-2 in September, -𝑄∗ varying from a maximum of 554 ± 14 W m-2 in February to a minimum of 369±13 W m-2 in July, and -𝛥𝑄𝑆 varying from a maximum of 249± 47 W m-2 in April to a minimum of 181 ± 58 W m-2 in July. Monthly average daily values of H, LE and 𝑄∗ corroborate seasonal pattern displayed by monthly average hourly values, with maximum of 5 ± 0.5 MJ m-2 day-1 for H and 5.3 ± 0.6 MJ m-2 day-1 for LE in November (summer), and minimum of 1.3 ± 0.2 MJ m-2 day-1 for H in June and 1.9 ± 0.2 MJ m-2 day-1 for LE in August. −𝑄∗ shows a maximum of 11.6 ± 1.1 MJ m2 day-1 in March and a minimum of 4.5±0.9 MJ m-2 day-1 in June. Similar patterns was observed during 2009 and 2010. An empirical model based on Modified Priestly-Taylor Method coupled to Objective Hysteresis Method was validated with observations carried out during May and June (2009–2010, 2012) and applied successfully to estimate monthly average hourly values of 𝐻, LE and 𝛥𝑄𝑆 during February–April and August–Novemb 2012.


After receiving his diploma from the Schola Cantorum in 1908, Satie embarked on a series of large-scale instrumental and vocal works. These ambitious compositions all utilize innovative intervallic and key relationships that partly derive from earlier cyclical techniques of the late 18th and 19th centuries. Already his magnificent piano masterpiece Sports et Divertissements (1914)1 displays several noteworthy cyclical characteristics. Fortunately, we possess Satie's original ordering of the 21 pieces, which authorized the pianist Marcelle Meyer to give the premiere recital in 1922.2 It is evident that Satie groups the first ten numbers around a clear circle-offifths, C–G–D–A–E–b. The remaining eleven pieces then present a descending progression around E–D–C. It is instructive to compare this 1922 ordering with that of the 1923 publication (Lucien Vogel), where Satie's pieces nos. 1–5 emphasize the thirdand second-related tonal centers C (1, 3–5) and E-dorian (2). Moreover, in the 1923 version nos. 1 and 3–4 also exhibit the same modal colorings on Ab and Bb (or C: bVI and bVII). A more tonal conclusion on C-major – with a preceding plagal, cadential preparation on F–C – is found at the end of no. 5, whose secondary ii (d)–I (C) movement also recalls no. 2. A comparable, complementary response on the pitches, C–E is then encountered at the close of no. 14 (Les Quatre-Coins) and 17 (end of Tango). This diatonic framework on C–E is further buttressed by the E-pieces nos. 11 (Golf), 13 (Les Courses, with analogous third motives around b, c# and a), 18 (Le Traîneau) and 21 (Le Tennis). Furthermore, the vivacious no. 19 (Le Flirt) is set in the related G (/C) orbit. The 1923 edition also groups the individual numbers according to instrumental genres. Thus nos. 15–17 constitute three scherzo-like dances in the style


ARIANI ANDAYANI (2008). Land Cover Classification of ALOS Data Using Back-propagation Neural Network Models. Under the supervision of I WAYAN ASTIKA and HARTANTO SANJAYA. Land cover information is vital for supporting decision concerning the management of the environment and for understanding the causes and trends of human and natural processes on the earth surface. The extraction of useful information (i.e. land cover) from satellite images, by means of classification, is one of the most important technical problems of remote sensing. The aim of this research is to develop land cover classification method of ALOS data using Back-Propagation Neural Network classifier a case study in Bogor Botanical Garden – West Java. The targets of this research are: to investigate the effect of different input parameter to land cover classification result using Back-Propagation Neural Network and to assess accuracy of the classification result generated with different input and to compare accuracies to decide whether one model is superior to another. Bands rationing was used as input together with the original bands. This study investigated seven different inputs that are M1 (Band 1, 2, 3 and 4), M2 (RVI, NDVI and SAVI), M3 (Band 1, 2 and 3), M4 (Band 1, 2 and 4), M5 (Band 1, 3 and 4), M6 (Band 2, 3 and 4) and M7 (Band 1, 2, 3, 4, RVI, NDVI and SAVI). The parameters of training process used training rate 0.1 and 0.2; the RMS exit 0.1 and 0.01; and maximum iterations 30000. Twenty one models were produced. The accuracies assessment of land cover used confusion matrix to know the overall, producer's and user's accuracies and also the kappa coefficient. The original band (band 1, 2, 3 and 4) as input (M1) produced the best classification accuracy than the other models (M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 and M7). The best model is shown by model M1-3 with input parameters such as training rate 0.1, RMS 0.2, 6000 iterations with overall accuracy of 86.93 % and kappa of 0.829. Three classes i.e. Grass, Non-conifer and Built-up are grouped under good classification using M1-3, M1-4, M1-5 and M1-6. Grass is the best predicted. Meanwhile, Conifer, Water and Bush resulted to bad classification.


Ponderomotive action of the strong electromagnetic radiation on Rydberg atoms is discussed. The theoretical estimates of the angles scattering of Rydberg atoms by a standing mirowave being in resonance with a multiphoton transition had been made. The results of the first experiment on the observation of two‐photon potential scattering of Rydberg sodium atoms by the microwave field interacting with the transition 36P–37P are presented.


As our title suggests, the establishment of an indigenous television channel in Aotearoa/New Zealand has only come from what Māori broadcaster Tainui Stephens describes as "three decades of agitation by Māori" (Stephens 2004: 113). Nevertheless, New Zealand's first indigenous television channel, Māori Television, finally succeeded in going to air on Sunday 8 March 2004. Since its arrival, Māori Television has posed a challenge to established television culture in this contemporary settler nation. Previously dominated by a screen culture that has privileged a mainstream and predominantly Pākehā (New Zealand European) audience, the arrival of Māori Television has signalled a new era in New Zealand broadcast culture. The channel's programmimg asks New Zealand society to take seriously the viewpoints of nonPākehā. International documentaries and other global programming links Māori issues with global indigenous political concerns and lifestyle shows throw into relief the monocultural offerings of other programming providers. However, indigenous broadcast culture within a contemporary settler nation such as Aotearoa/New Zealand, involves substantial tensions between indigenous aspirations and the larger history of settlement, tensions that condition New Zealand's contemporary sociopolitical milieu. In this chapter we examine the emergence of Māori Television, we outline the contestations over the role and function of the channel, and we assess the channel's ability to present a counternarrative of New Zealand national identity that challenges the orthodox representations of this contemporary settler nation. The History of Māori Television's Emergence Māori Television emerges from a long struggle to bring about Crown recognition and acceptance of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. The Treaty forms the bicultural basis of this nation and subsequently fuels intranational claims to indigenous sovereignty, an appeal for authority and power sharing capacities that have implications not only for New Zealand broadcast culture, but also for ways of understanding New Zealand national identity. Longtime Māori broadcaster (and exCEO of Māori Television) Derek Tini Fox puts it like this:


Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an emerging technology which is an autonomous collection of wireless mobile nodes that are self configured to form a network environment without any infrastructure establishment. MANET can form a spontaneous network either momentarily or permanently. The network topology of MANET may often change rapidly and it is not predictable. The decision-making with respect to route is autonomous by the nodes themselves. Due to its unique features like dynamic topology, self–organising and frequent link failure, MANET is susceptible to various attacks. MANET has to be secured against the various security threats. In this paper, black hole attack which is a serious attack in the network layer is discussed. In black hole attack, a malicious node advertises itself as it having the optimal route to the destination, so that all packets will be transmitted through it. This paper discuss the various techniques that have been proposed for black hole attack detection and removal methods. Keywords— MANET, Black Hole Attack, Security Layers, Protocols.


The behaviour of reinforced footing on soft subsoils has been analyzed by the finite element method. The soil has been treated as a hypoelastic-plastic body and the reinforcement as an elastic membrane. Linear elements of the reinforcement are compatibly bound with the triangular mesh of the soil body. Data of some model tests have been used for the verification of the computer program. From the application of the program to a road embankment lying on a soft clayey layer the following conclusions could be drawn: (1) the geotextile membrane restrains the lateral displacements of the subsoil, favourably modifies the displacement pattern reducing somewhat maximum settlements and increases the bearing capacity; (2) in a poorly permeable undrained soil the reinforcing effect is particularly pronounced in the initial consolidation phase of prevailing distortional displacements; and (3) the finite element method is a useful tool for predicting the reinforcing effect. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689. (Author/TRRL)


To the Editors: I read with interest the article, "Analysis of Risk Factors for Consecutive Exotropia and Review of the Literature" by Yurdakul and Ugurlu.1 The authors are to be congratulated in documenting their findings of increased risk factors for the development of consecutive exotropia such as anisometropia, amblyopia, and postoperative adduction defects. The authors reported that "no attempt was made to evaluate the timing of surgical alignment of infantile esotropia." However, it should be pointed out that statistical analysis has proven that surgical alignment prior to 2 years of age in the treatment of infantile esotropia has resulted in a greater percentage of functional cure with fusion and gross stereoacuity as demonstrated in a monofixation syndrome result.2 In fact, there has also been statistical evidence that alignment prior to the age of 1 year with a duration of misalignment of younger than 1 year results in a greater percentage of patients with a functional cure that includes stereopsis.3 Birch et al.4 also established that stereopsis and long-term stability is inversely proportional to the duration of the misalignment. Yurdakul and Ugurlu state that in their study, "most of the patients (who were infantile esotropes) had surgery after 2 years of age and no significant differences were noted regarding the development of fusion and stereopsis." This latter finding by the authors was consistent with the fact that only a few patients developed fusion or a monofixation syndrome result. The monofixation syndrome is a relatively stable subnormal binocularity5 and, if this functional result had developed during the course of treatment of the infantile esotropes, it would have probably reduced the chance for consecutive exotropia. von Noorden,6 a long-time skeptic of the value of early surgical alignment in the management of infantile esotropia, declared in his Jackson Memorial Lecture in 1988, "Surgical alignment before the completion of the second year of life improved the chances for an optimal treatment result" (p.1). The authors of the current study said it best, "Because fusion is an important stabilizing factor, in the absence of any useful binocular vision, consecutive exotropia can slowly develop weeks, months, or years after esotropia surgery." There have been significant studies showing that failure to achieve alignment and a functional cure, such as the monofixation syndrome, in infantile esotropia within the first 2 years of life should be added to the risk factors for developing consecutive exotropia in the treatment of infantile esotropes.


Using EMG testing method and based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective testing,the relationship between the obliquity of sofa back and the comfort of sitting postures is analyzed,which provided a basis for the optimization of sofa back from the angle of ergonomics and the evaluation of sofa comfort.The experimental research shows that the hardness of the sofa cushion is 89N,hardness of sofa back is 32N and sofa backrest height is 600mm,the obliquities of sofa back are 100°,110°and 120° respectively,the comfort of 110° sofa back is highest,120° sofa back coming second and 100° sofa back coming bottom.


Electrical contacts are components in light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. During their operation, the temperature increases, and the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of materials connected to the two parts of electrical contacts can result in micro-motions between these parts. Consequently, these electrical contacts can suffer fretting corrosion, which causes the LED lamps to fail. Under various operational conditions, various contact surfaces can be used. Bare base material can be directly applied to reduce costs, if the electrical contacts work in a clear environment, where corrosion is not a large issue. Tin plating can be applied on the base material to improve the solderability when soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB). If the electrical contacts operate in a high temperature environment, nickel plating can be employed. In order to compare the reliability of the various contact surfaces, the lifetime of electrical contacts with bare base material, tin plating and nickel plating is investigated using fretting corrosion tests in this paper. To simulate the various operational conditions, the fretting corrosion tests are conducted at different fretting amplitudes and temperatures. The results gained from these investigations, provide a guideline for surface selection.


Two types of laboratory corrosion tests of intermit-tent immersion in synthetic sea water and marine exposure tests were carried out in order to study the effects of alloying elements on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in the splash zone. Effects of alloying elements were found to depend upon the frequency of the dry-and-wet cycle. the corrosion resistance the Thus, of alloying elements that resulted in the rust of finer magnetite particles improved the corrosion resistance of the steel.


The Agency's Human Health Assessment Group (HHAG) has developed a methodology for ranking CERCLA hazardous substances for the purpose of establishing reportable quantities (RQs) based on the primary criteria of potential carcinogenicity. The methodology combines the weight of evidence and potency factor to determine a hazard ranking of high, medium, or low which corresponds to an RQ of 1, 10, or 100 pounds, respectively. An appendix is included which lists 194 compounds that were evaluated for potential carcinogenicity along with their respective weight-of-evidence categories, potency factors, and hazard rankings. Profiles for each of these 194 chemicals are available as separate documents.


(Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2015;29:173–176) Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) is a recently described novel prion disease biochemically characterized by abnormal prion protein (PrP), which has various degrees of sensitivity to proteases and generates a distinct profile on Western blots.1 VPSPr is the second most common sporadic PrP disease after Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).2 All reported cases to date have exhibited cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric deficits with an age at onset range of 48 to 81 years and disease duration range of 7 to 72 months.1–4 Initial clinical diagnoses included normal pressure hydrocephalus, dementia with Lewy bodies, or frontotemporal dementia1,5; however, CJD often was considered clinically after rapid decline became apparent.1 All VPSPr cases evaluated have lacked mutations in the PrP gene (PRNP).1,2,5 Initial reports indicated that all cases were homozygous for valine at codon 129 (VV) in PRNP.1 However, more recent reports have found VPSPr in all 3 codon 129 genotypes.2,5–7 Here we report a case of VPSPr in which there were no known clinical manifestations of prion disease during life, and yet pathognomonic findings were revealed at autopsy.


Locally advanced rectal carcinoma has a poor prognosis. However, since the introduction of preoperative radiotherapy, the outcome of patients with rectal carcinoma has been reported to have improved. Nevertheless, to the authors' knowledge few data are available regarding the histopathologic response to radiotherapy as assessed on surgical specimens as a potential predictive factor for outcome.


In this paper, we investigate optimal and jammers selection for enhancing security in amplify-and-forwarding (AF) relay networks. A relay is selected to deliver messages to destination working in conventional mode; two nodes are selected to operate as jammers for interfering with eavesdropper. The proposed schemes make use of the channel coefficients as weights of beamforming for jammers, designed to maximize the secrecy rate while not interfere with the destination. It is proven that zero-approaching outage probability is possible when total transmission power is very large. The improvement of the proposed selection schemes are verified by analytical and simulation results.


Introduction and Aim: Early onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) ensues before age of 35 years and develops stage 3 in Hamilton-Norwood classification. AGA is more noticeable in males. Early onset AGA has been linked to hyperuricemia (a metabolic disorder characterised by elevated levels of serum uric acid) but has been explored inadequately. Hyperuricemia (HU) corroborates with the presence of hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the above and lack of data in this context, a study in this regard was necessary. This study was intended to relate the prevalence of HU and level of serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients of early onset AGA versus matched controls and determine correlation between the severity of alopecia and serum uric acid and between the SUA and age (secondary objectives).
Materials and Methods: Each patient was evaluated by taking history, clinical examination and laboratory investigation.
Results: The groups were not different from each other with respect to age (p=0.5). The SUA in the AGA patient group was greater than in the control group; however the difference was not statistically significant. (p=0.2). AGA patients were found to have higher number of hyperuricemics as compared to the control group (Chi square test P=0.03, Odds ratio=0.39). There was no correlation between the severity of alopecia or the age of the subject with SUA.
Conclusion: Our study found that men who have early onset AGA tend to have higher serum uric acid levels; also, hyperuricemics are commoner in patients who have early onset AGA than in controls.


Systems of coupled second order differential equations arise in many problems in molecular quantum physics. In this paper we investigate approximate potential methods that solve these differential equations. A series method for the evaluation of the propagators is developed for the multichannel Schrodinger equation where the reference potential is expressed as a polynomial. The case of a linear approximate potential is treated in detail and the results are compared with the Magnus and Bessel methods which approximate the potential as a constant in each interval. The importance of fitting the potentials at the zeroes of a Legendre polynomial is shown. Optimum fitting of the potential results in second and fourth order global convergence respectively for constant and linear fits. Richardson extrapolation is used to increase the accuracy of the low order methods. Explicit formulae are presented for the first order perturbative corrections to the Magnus propagators. The importance of adding the leading terms ...


The article presents the data on the improvement of technological methods of cultivation of
Oplot pea variety in the southern Steppe of Ukraine. The study was done during the 2013–2015
on the southern chernozem and based ESPC of Mykolaiv NAU.
It was found that the pea productivity was significantly higher under the combination of
the following factors: preseeding treatment using Mochevin-K6 or Escort-Bio biologies; foliar
application during the 5-6 leaves development period and the bud-formation and seedpod
development periods using Mochevin-K2, D2 and Escort-Bio biologies; and also the pea
productivity increased under the using of the absorbents – Aquasave and AgroHydroGel in a
rate of 20 kg/ha.
The maximum yield average over three research years at the level of 2.93 t/ha (including
the yield of the driest year 2013 – 2.28 t/ha) was formed under the preseeding treatment using
Escort-Bio, and under the use of Aquasave absorbent and two foliar applications of D2
organo-mineral biologic.
At the same time it was found that the use of absorbents we studied increases pea yield only to
2.0-4.1 %; preplanting cultivation – to 10.4–13.1 %; and foliar application – to 24–25.1 %.


The appearance of gap states in benzylic amide catenane thin films following potassium intercalation was investigated by electron energy loss spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Both theory and experience find an excitation energy for transitions into these new states of 2 eV. The characteristics of these states are discussed. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 4′-acetylbenzocrown ethers followed by alkaline hydrolysis was proved to be a convenient route to 4′-hydroxybenzo-15-crown-5 and -18-crown-6, which formed air-stable hydrated crystals containing three and one mole of water, respectively, on crystallization from the solvent containing a small amount of water. New bis(benzocrown ether)s, connected by poly(oxyethylene) chain, were obtained in good yields by the reaction of the sodium salts with the ditosylates of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaethylene glycol.


Selective water absorbing resin water plugging agent was synthesized from acrylamide,acroleic acid,N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and the intensifier as filler.The results showed that the optimum reaction condition was as follows: the molar ratio of AM,AA and MBA was 1∶3∶8,dosage of crosslinking agent was 0.02%,dosage of evocating agent was 0.05%,dosage of intensifier was 5% and pH was 9.The copolymer's optimum absorbency can reach 140 g/g for salinity water,absorbency for water was 600.2 g/g,the water shut off rate was over 80%,and the oil shut off rate was less than 20%.The above datas show that this copolymer has good salt-resistant property and good selective water shut off property.


Takuzu and Juosan are logical Nikoli games in the spirit of Sudoku. In Takuzu, a grid must be filled with 0's and 1's under specific constraints. In Juosan, the grid must be filled with vertical and horizontal dashes with specific constraints. We give physical algorithms using cards to realize zero-knowledge proofs for those games. The goal is to allow a player to show that he/she has the solution without revealing it. Previous work on Takuzu showed a protocol with multiple instances needed. We propose two improvements: only one instance needed and a soundness proof. We also propose a similar proof for Juosan game. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Security and privacy → Information-theoretic techniques


This paper addresses the problem of vehicle position estimation in dense urban environments, where traditional global positioning system (GPS)-based localisation techniques are severely affected by non line-of-sight (NLOS) signal propagation and multipaths presence. Assuming that GPS signals are fairly received only by a very small fraction of vehicles at the border of the urban environment, we propose the multihop scheme based on vehicle to X (V2X) communication to propagate this information to the whole network. As a consequence, the multihop scheme allows every vehicle to estimate its own position collecting its cumulative distances to border vehicles. Finally we introduce a new analytical framework to verify the fundamental performance of multihop scheme for location forwarding in urban dense environments in terms of position estimate error bounds, jointly considering the uncertainty introduced by the multihop process and by the GPS localization.


1. Setting the scene 2. Jesus's faith in the Synoptic Gospels 3. Jesus's faith in the Pauline Epistles 4. Jesus's faith in the deutero-Pauline and Pastoral Epistles 5. Jesus's faith in Hebrews and Revelation 6. Jesus' faith in extra-biblical sources 7. Concluding remarks.


NEW growths in the region of the nose and mouth, the nature of which is apparent and diagnosis comparatively simple, are sufficiently common in Egypt. There are, however, a considerable number of cases where diagnosis is not unattended with difficulty. The difficulty is enhanced by the long duration of the lesions, due partly to the patient failing to recognise sufficiently early what relief surgical treatment is capable of giving and partly to fatalism. The following three cases are of interest as their clinical diagnosis was not straightforward, and their occurrence rare.


Public anxiety has surged over a new wave of offshoring that for the first time puts white-collar jobs at risk from competition with low-wage foreign providers. White-collar offshoring burst into the public consciousness in the middle of a peculiarly unbalanced recovery. The 2001–03 recovery stands out on two counts: the unusually low rate of job creation relative to job destruction, as highlighted by Erica Groshen and Simon Potter (2003), and the "decline in the proportion of that national income going to compensation of employees," as emphasized by Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan (2004). Critics were quick to point to the new wave of white-collar offshoring as a major contributor to the poor performance of the U.S. labor market, although the importance of offshoring relative to productivity growth, the bursting of the IT bubble, and other forces remains murky owing to incomplete data. Much more can and should be done to help safeguard the livelihoods of American workers in the face of structural shifts of whatever form—while preserving the benefits of an open economy. Whether lauded for its remarkable fluidity or lamented for its heartless insecurity, one of the most striking characteristics of the American job market is high job churning. As our colleague Charles Schultze has pointed out, apart from cyclical ups and downs, roughly 15 million new jobs are created each year, while


The concentration of selected heavy metals (chromium and zinc) was detected and estimated in water and raw milk collected from Chittagong City of Bangladesh. A total of 25 water samples and 20 raw milk samples were collected from different farms situated in 10 locations of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chromium content in water was obtained in the range from 0.2 µg/L to 13 µg/L. The highest level of chromium content in water was 13.068 µg/L. The content of chromium in raw milk was obtained in the range from 2 µg/L to 17 µg/L. The highest level of chromium in milk was 17.062 µg/L. Chromium concentrations in water and milk were below the maximum allowed limit.  The concentration of zinc in water was in the range from 0.01 mg/L to 1 mg/L. The highest level of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L. The concentration of zinc in raw milk was in the range from 0.6 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L. The highest concentration of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L which is around the toxicological guidance value of zinc.


The ecologically sustainable development (ESD) process represented a significant attempt by the Commonwealth Government to involve pro-environment and pro-development protagonists in a major environmental consultative forum. The government's inclusion of peak interest organisations into an exclusive consultation process resembles a neo-corporatist approach to interest intermediation. However, neo-corporatist theory has been applied almost exclusively to economic policy areas and interest organisations representing capital, labour and the state. Analysing the involvement of select environmental organisations in the ESD process, this paper argues that neo-corporatist theory can be extended to include non-production-based interest organisations. The implications of environmental organisation participation in a neo-corporatist structure are examined, including a discussion of the tension between neo-corporatist and new social movement theories.


Excessive consumption of strong spirits in today's Russia continues to generate a number of negative effects. This makes it highly relevant to change consumers' preferences so that they choose low-alcohol drinks, wine and beer. Beer is the most promising drink in terms of its capacity to replace strong alcohol in the structure of consumption. Russia's beer industry needs additional fiscal incentives. The purpose of this study is to analyze the taxation of beer in Russia and propose improvements to beer taxes. The authors proceed from a hypothesis that by improving the system of excise duties on alcoholic drinks in Russia by means of beer excise tax rates that vary based on alcohol content would make it possible to change the price structure of beer of various strengths. That would encourage consumers to shift their preferences in favor of lower-alcohol products. The research method includes the analysis of excise duty revenues in Russia as a percentage of total government revenue as well as the structure and dynamics of excise duty revenues in Russia by type of alcohol. Special attention has been paid to beverages with low alcohol content and beer. A comparative analysis has been conducted of beer tax rates in Russia and the EU. An unconventional market study has been done of beer sales points to get a picture of the beer sales structure by alcohol content. Highlights  1. The introduction of beer excise tax rates that vary based on alcohol content in Russia will bring down the price of lower-alcohol products and increase the price of higher strength beers 2. Price differentiation depending on alcohol content will encourage consumers to shift their preferences in favor of lower-alcohol beers 3. The proposed mechanism of calculating beer tax is more fair and rational both for brewers and consumers. From the state's perspective, the changes to beer taxes would result in lower tax revenue, but would help preserve public health and reduce healthcare expenditures thanks to a decrease in the consumption of beer with high alcohol content For citation Iadrennikova E. V., Leontyeva Yu. V., Mayburov I. A. Analysis of and Improvements of Excise Taxation on Beer in Russia. Journal of Tax Reform, 2018, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 142–156. DOI: 10.15826/jtr.2018.4.2.049. Article info  Received June 20, 2018; accepted July 24, 2018


The results of the theoretical analysis of selected features of two statistical methods used in time delay estimation (TDE): direct cross-correlation (CCF) and the function of conditional average value of delayed signal (CAV) have been presented in this paper. The model of measured stochastic signals and principle of TDE using CAV and CCF are described in this paper. The relative uncertainty of both functions in extreme point and the relative standard deviations of TDE using CAV and CCF are evaluated and compared. The authors conclude that the method CAV described in this paper has less statistical errors in magnitude and location (time delay) estimation then CCF and can be applied to time delay measurement of random signals.


The deterioration of soil environment is a serious threat to human food safety and healthy,threatening the human of vital importance,so legal protection of farmland soil environment is imminent. This paper systematically analyzes the existing legal system about farmland soil environment, two paths of the soil environmental protection are the government leading and agricultural producers leading. In view of the special nature of the government leading defects and farmland soil environment,the paper selects agricultural producers leading in the soil environmental protection. In order to demonstrate the role of agricultural producers in the soil environment protection in the field,this paper analyzed the domestic and international legal basis,theoretical basis and practical significance. If agricultural producers can bear the responsibility of the environmental protection of soil of farmland,legislation should be made clear to agricultural producers ' rights and obligations,such as appropriate use of Farmland Soil, to prevent the infringement,to control and improvement and so on. When the violation of rights and obligations,agricultural producers shall bear legal liability,so as to ensure that the farmland soil environment protection into the orbit of the rule of law.


We consider the stability analysis of quantized feedback networked control systems(QFNCSs) with quantizer ranges and errors consideration. The QFNCSs may also be instability in the presence of quantizer ranges and errors. To tackle this difficulty, on the basis of linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, a sufficient and necessary condition for the stability of QFNCSs is presented. Using some changes of variables and Schur complements, the obtained results can be rewritten as an LMI form in terms of transformed variables, and then we extend to the design of robust H∞ state feedback controller which is proposed such that the quantized closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Through simulations and numerical comparisons that verify that the result developed in this paper is effective.


Technology Creating something new is spring of technology progress,and diffusion of trasfer of technology is a key stage or symbol of technology progress.Raz Baruch,Liu Wenge and Zhu Jiaxing,respectively,had given or modified receiver state model of technology transfer.This paper firstly explains that S-type model is a model of simple,applicable and higher guasi-degree for technology transfer as well.Next,a long-time model of receiver state of technology(development) in technology diffusion is obtained and Zhu's model is revised.


Lithium has been used for more than 50 years for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a substantial body of literature about use of lithium in this condition, much of it with conflicting results. Many guidelines and algorithms support the use of lithium for treatment of episodes of acute mania and depression. However, additional research exploring prevention of depressive and manic relapse, treatment of acute depression, and use of combination treatments are needed.


The resolution IV regular fractional factorial designs in 16 runs for six, seven, and eight factors are in standard use. They are economical and provide clear estimates of main effects when three-factor and higher-order interactions are negligible. However, because the two-factor interactions are completely confounded, experimenters are frequently required to augment the original fraction with new runs to resolve ambiguities in interpretation. We identify non-regular orthogonal fractions in 16 runs for these situations that have no complete confounding of two-factor interactions. These designs allow for the unambiguous estimation of models containing both main effects and a few two-factor interactions. We present the rationale behind the selection of these designs from the non-isomorphic 16-run fractions and illustrate how to use them with an example from the literature.


The importance of electric machines in hybrid and electric power trains is often overlooked due to a focus on energy storage and system controls. Yet there is significant scope for improving motor and generator performance, size, weight and cost, thus improving hybrid and electric vehicle performance as a whole. This paper describes a new motor/generator design based on axial flux topology, developed and commercialised by UK based EVO Electric Ltd. Axial Flux machines offer significant improvements over both high-speed induction machines and conventional permanent magnet machines. This is due to a number of factors, including increased cooling area made possible by the disc shape of these machines. This leads to large increases in torque and power densities. For example, power and torque densities of 1.8 kW/kg and 5 Nm/kg (continuous, 3600 rpm) have been demonstrated by EVO. Integrated liquid cooling allows for a very compact design with high efficiency (>96% at 3,600 rpm). Further increases up to 2 kW/kg and 6 Nm/kg are expected in the near future. The paper discusses the technology behind the EVO machines, and compares the machines to conventional types to show why the axial flux design is beneficial in terms of weight, size, efficiency, battery loading and cost. The materials and manufacturing innovations that have enabled EVO to build robust and low-cost machines, thus overcoming the historical barriers to axial flux machine commercialisation, are also discussed. The paper then explores further possibilities for vehicle cost and performance improvement, such as gear- less power trains made possible by the high torque of EVO machines. (5 pages)


What is an expert system? anatomy of an expert system modeling the reference process review of expert systems projects knowledge engineering for reference and information retrieval knowledge representation and information retrieval building a solid foundation - a vocabulary control system designing the user interface developing a microcomputer based system methodologies for designing large expert systems the future of expert systems and artificial intelligence in libraries.


In order to concentrate and manage the enterprise grid resources,a multi-level resource management model is proposed that can be adjusted according to system size,the depth and breadth of the tree resources management.The interaction of middle-scheduling model in the multi-level resource management improves system's fault tolerance.A solution to the resource description of the JMS,re-source requirements described inquiries and resources matching resources is proposed,and the theoretical basis and technological support for the effective use of enterprise IT resources is provided.