The authors consider the discretization of obstacle problems for second-order elliptic differential operators by piecewise linear finite elements. Assuming that the discrete problems are reduced to a sequence of linear problems by suitable active set strategies, the linear problems are solved iteratively by preconditioned conjugate gradient iterations. The proposed preconditioners are treated theoretically as abstract additive Schwarz methods and are implemented as truncated hierarchical basis preconditioners. To allow for local mesh refinement semilocal and local a posteriors error estimates are derived, providing lower and upper estimates for the discretization error. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical computations.


Two University of California, Berkeley, graduates have developed a Website (http://server.berkeley.edu/Transit/) that provides information on more than 40 San Francisco Bay Area transit operators. This Website includes maps, schedules and fare information and was developed through a $ 208,600 grant from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District


Abstract This paper deals with hearth-related accumulations in Middle Palaeolithic sites. Spatial behaviour is a key to understanding the cultural capabilities of ancient hominids. Ethnoarchaeological and archaeological research has shown that hearth-related assemblages are a basic feature in the spatial behaviour of modern and prehistoric hunter–gatherers. In this paper, we propose a methodology for analysing archaeological accumulations and study a series of hearth-related assemblages from the Abric Romani Middle Palaeolithic site (Capellades, Spain). We also analyse the degree of contemporaneity between the different activity episodes documented at each archaeological accumulation. Our results suggest that the characteristics of domestic areas in this site are not substantially different from those observed in ethnoarchaeological contexts and Upper Palaeolithic sites.


This paper presents a new derivation of the key ideas of Dantzig's simplex algorithm by using the differential approach to nonlinear programming. Specifically, the necessary condition shows that a candidate for the optimum is a basic feasible solution, while the sufficiency condition indicates that the optimality indicator cj-zj for nonbasic variables xj must be nonpositive nonnegative in order for a maximization minimization linear program to be optimal.


Perhaps the most significant limit on the effectiveness of vehicle interlocks is the failure of current programs to motivate more than a small fraction of eligible offenders to enroll in an interlock program. A major factor in that problem is the ability of offenders to deny that they own a vehicle. This paper discusses a method for providing an alternate control system that, being less desirable for the offender, should increase the proportion of convicted impaired drivers in interlock programs.


A generalization of the RSA cryptosystem in the ring of matrices over Z/mZ is presented. It is shown that factorization of the modulus m is needed to compute the exponent of the group formed by either non-singular matrix messages or upper triangular matrices including diagonal elements thus offering the same level of security as the RSA system. The latter method employing the triangular matrices as messages seems to be more practical than the use of arbitrary non-singular matrix messages. The scheme is as suitable for privacy and authentication as its predecessor.


By drawing on optimal distinctiveness theory, this paper goes beyond prior social exchange perspectives on predictors of helping OCB and develops the argument that team member exchange relationship...


ABSTRACT Farmers are adopting different agroforestry practices, but comparative studies between the practices based on ecosystem functions are often ignored. We assessed species composition and carbon stock in two different agroforestry practices (traditional and improved) adopted in the mid-hills of Nepal. We found higher species richness and dominancy of Citrus synenssis (fruit species) in the improved practice, whereas we found higher species evenness, diversity, and dominance of Ficus clavata (fodder species) in the traditional practice. 0.35 of the similarity index between the two practices indicated that there was 65% difference in species number between the two practices. The improved practice had larger trees with higher frequency compared to traditional practice. The carbon inventory reflected that the total carbon stock between the two practices was insignificant, whereas the total biomass carbon was significantly higher in the improved practice than in the traditional practice. Therefore, improvement in traditional practices has the potential to increase biomass and sequester more carbon within the same unit of land. However, maintaining species diversity is a concern in the improved practice. We suggest policymakers and concerned stakeholders for prioritizing improved agroforestry practice and maintain species diversity while designing strategies for agroforestry promotion and climate change mitigation.


The mechanisms contributing to the proliferation and differentiation of antigen‐presenting cell (APC) precursors upon antigen stimulation or tissue injury are poorly understood. Herein, we report the induction of a population of dendritic cell‐like cells (DLC) with potent antigen‐presentation function from unfractionated spleen cells by means of repetitive allostimulation in long‐term mixed leucocyte cultures (LT‐MLC). Initially, only a few adherent DLC were observed. By 4–6 weeks, however, there were large numbers of DLC which survived persistently. Features of these DLC are closely related to dendritic cells (DC), including: (1) dendritic, veiled or spiny‐processed morphology; (2) expression of a wide array of leucocyte surface markers including DC‐associated or restricted antigens: 33D1, NLDC‐145, CD11c (N418), heat‐stable antigen (HSA), CD44, B7‐1 and B7‐2; (3) ability to migrate to draining lymph nodes and white pulp area of spleen; (4) expression of high level of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II molecules and (5) more potent mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR)‐stimulating capacity than peritoneal macrophages and APC‐enriched spleen cells. DLC‐stimulated MLR was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to B7‐1, B7‐2, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), leucocyte‐function associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) or very‐late activation antigen‐4 (VLA‐4) by 30–55%. When maintained for more than 2 months, the DLC did not lose their MLR‐stimulating activity, but many surface markers were down‐regulated except for Mac‐2 and VCAM‐1, which remained stable or were up‐regulated, respectively. In short‐term culture, the addition of granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) or interleukin (IL)‐2 enhanced proliferation of DLC, while tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and IL‐4 did not. IL‐4 suppressed not only 'spontaneous', but also GM‐CSF‐enhanced proliferation, suggesting that cytokines play a differential role in DLC proliferation. These results confirm that professional APC can proliferate in response to repetitive antigen stimulation, and their proliferation is differentially regulated by cytokines. A comparison study of DLC with typical DC is being carried out in our laboratory.


A new technique of time-domain pulse combining — coherent pulse stacking amplification — is enabling nonlinearity-free energy extraction at the stored energy limit from rare-earth doped fiber based ultrashort pulse amplification systems.


This paper deals with axial flux permanent magnet generator with extended functionality which allows to control magnetic flux to change output voltage and stabilize external characteristics of generator. A mathematical model of electrical machine in the coordinate system (d-q) was obtained to simulate transients and external characteristics in Matlab Simulink. An experimental generator was designed, manufactured and tested.


Adult millipeds, Scytonotus simplex Chamberlin (polydesmidae: Diplopoda), suffered greatest mortality on fully treated substrates; mortality was less when they were exposed only to contaminated food and least when they were exposed to a substrate half of which was treated with twice the dosage of the fully treated substrate. In contrast to controls, mortality of those on fully treated substrate began on the first day and surpassed 50% by day 7. The implications of these results for laboratory biossay and field experiments are discussed.


The most limiting component of a manure management system is the spreading of manure and manure slurries on cropland. Successful strategies must account for hydraulic limitations to prevent runoff. Those strategies must also recognize nutrient concentrations and match crop uptake requirements with applications. Equipment development offers the necessary tools for successful manure handling, but management needs to use this technology. The development of successful spreading strategies that acknowledge the limits of hydraulics and nutrient loading are discussed.


This chapter raises a Paradox of Novels which is exactly analogous to the Paradox of Painting raised in Chapter One. This paradox is used to bring out the character of the currently dominant approaches to novels—those which appeal to make-believe or imagination (Walton or Stock, for example), those which take characters to be abstract objects (Salmon), and hybrid views (Kripke, Thomasson). The paradox is also shown to underlie the more familiar 'Paradox of Fiction'. It is argued that the Non-Distraction Thesis holds for novels, just as it does for paintings and photographs, and the currently dominant approaches are found to be unable to respect that thesis. The roots of the problem are found in orthodox approaches to the philosophy of language, so the chapter prepares the way for a questioning of that orthodoxy.


Cordyceps fungi are Chinese ethnomedicines and have recently been shown to be effective against certain cancers. In the present study, the growth inhibitory effect of Cordyceps jiangxiensis on human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901 was examined. Both chloroform and methanol extract of C. jiangxiensis were effective in inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Chloroform extract of C. jiangxiensis (CECJ) is more potent, with IC50 of 10 µg ml -1 , as compared to 200 µg ml -1 for methanol extract of C. jiangxiensis (MECJ). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that CECJ caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, similar to taxol. Both CECJ and MECJ induced gastric adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis, as evidenced by Hoechst 33528 staining for chromatin, annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining for early phase cell apoptosis and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) for late phase cell apoptosis. CECJ was more potent than MECJ in inducing cancer cell apoptosis, comparable to the known anticancer agent taxol. Furthermore, taxol, CECJ and MECJ increased caspase-3 activity in cancer cells. Taken together, the growth inhibitory effect of CECJ on gastric adenocarcinoma cells is associated with induction of apoptotic cell death, at least in part through caspase-3 activation. CECJ may thus have therapeutic potential in the treatment of human gastric cancers.


In this research, the task of object recognition and relative navigation is accomplished by fusing visible spectrum and infrared images. The appearance matching technique is briefly explained and it is shown how it can be extended to infrared images. A series of tests are performed to demonstrate the object recognition and pose estimation capabilities of the system in the visible and infrared spectra. It is also shown how the fusion of both types of images can provide greater accuracy and robustness in relative navigation than either visual or infrared images alone. Additionally, a simulation environment software tool has been developed to facilitate the creation of training images and to perform software-in-the-loop verification.


A cam torque actuated vanes defining a cam torque actuated advance chamber and the retard chamber, phaser and a hydraulically operated vane defining a hydraulically-actuated advance chamber and the retard chamber. Phaser is moved to the advance position and the retard position by both the cam torque energy and hydraulic energy. Holding position of the phaser is maintained by the hydraulic energy. .FIELD 1


A rapid and sensitive isocractic RP-HPLC method has been developed for the purpose of analysis of losa rtan (LOS), hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) and atorvastatin (ATR) d rugs simultaneously in cardiovascular polypill. An alysis was performed on BDS Hypersil C18 (250 × 4.6mm id, 5-μm particle size) column with acetonitrile-0.2M phosp hate buffer (pH 3) 50:50 (v/v) as mobile phase, a flow r ate of 1.5 ml min -1 and column temperature 40 C. UV detection was performed at 230 nm. The run time under these c hromatographic conditions was less than 10 min. The method was linear in the range of 10-100 μg ml -1 for LOS, 10-90 μg ml -1 for HCZ and 10-150 μg ml -1 for ATR. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrat ions over the standard curve ranges. The sensitivit y of the method, as the limits of detection (LOD) and quanti fication (LOQ) for each active ingredient was also determined. The validated method was successfully applied for t he quantification of losartan, hydrochlorothiazid e and atorvastatin simultaneously in laboratory prepared pharmaceutical tablets and the average % amount ran ges from 99.08 % to 99.60 % with relative standard deviation less than 1.5 % indicating satisfactory accuracy o f the method.


In this paper we shall be concerned with the existence and the concentration behavior of positive bound-state solutions (solutions with bounded energy) for the problem − 8u+ V (z)u= f(u) + u2−1; in R ; u ∈ C(R ) ∩ H (R ); u(z)¿ 0 for all z ∈ R ; (P ) where ¿ 0; 2∗ = 2N=(N − 2); N ≥ 3; is the critical Sobolev exponent; V :RN → R is a locally H4 older continuous function satisfying V (z) ≥ ¿ 0 for all z ∈ R ; (V∗)


The World Health Organisation (WHO) has defined preterm labour as the onset of labour before 37 completed weeks of gestation with an incidence ranging between 5-10%. Although patient care has improved, the rate of preterm birth has slowly been increasing and currently impacts significantly on maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The complex condition of preterm labour involves multiple etiologies and risk factors, which complicates the search for candidate markers and / or biomarkers. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate potential genetic associations with preterm labour. The study cohort consisted of consecutive first-time booking, low-risk primigravid pregnant women from a restricted geographical region. The study cohort comprised 421 [306 Coloured and 115 Black] pregnant women presenting at the Paarl Hospital Obstetric clinic. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from whole blood and investigated for a range of known polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the novel LGALS13 gene, for potential variants that may impact on pregnancy outcome. Screening techniques involve combinations of allele-specific PCR amplification, Multiphor SSCP/HD analysis, restriction enzyme analyses and DNA sequencing. A significant association was demonstrated between the IL-1RN*2-allele and adverse pregnancy outcome, mainly in the preterm labour and hypertension group. The presence TNFα-308 A-allele was associated with overall adverse pregnancy outcome and preterm labour. In addition to this, a novel IL-1RN allele was identified in the control group. Mutation screening and subsequent statistical methods revealed an association between a novel LGALS13 exonic variant, 221delT, and preterm labour in Coloured women. Two previouslydocumented intronic variants (IVS2-22A/G and IVS3+72T/A) demonstrated linkage disequilibrium, signifying evolutionary conservation of exon three. Additionally, two novel intronic variants, IVS2-36 G/A and IVS2-15 G/A, demonstrated no association with adverse pregnancy outcome.


Book review: NOWAK, Jorg. Mass Strikes and Social Movements in Brazil and India: Popular Mobilisation in the Long Depression. New York: Springer, 2019.


The Bose condensation of many exciton system is observed experimentally for the first time. It is found that excitonic molecules in CdSe exhibit the Bose condensation when the excitation is given at 1.8∼4.2 K by pico-second light pulses from a model-locked neodymium glass laser. This is concluded from the experimental facts that (1) an extremely sharp luminescence line attributed to originate from the k =0 condensed excitonic molecules is observed, (2) this sharp line is accompanied by the side-band on the low energy side and the spectrum is well understood by the theory developed by one of the authors, and (3) this line is produced within a limited range of excitation density which is wider at 1.8 K than at 4.2 K. Some arguments are presented on the importance of the use of the picosecond pulse excitation for the realization of the condensation.


The decline of native grasslands exceeds those reported for any other major ecosystem in North America (Herkert et al.; 1996, Herkert, 1995). Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) have indicated consistent declines of bird populations throughout the grassland regions of the continental U.S. (Herkert, 1994; Herkert, 1995; Igl and Johnson, 1997; Fletcher and Koford, 2003), with breeding birds of the grassland regions declining more in the last 30 years than any other group of North American birds [Knopf (1994), Peterjohn and Sauer (1999), in Ribic and Sample (2001); Herkert, 1995]. The decline in grassland birds can be partially attributed to severe habitat loss and fragmentation of the regional landscape (Herkert et al., 1996). Other issues surrounding population declines in breeding birds of the grassland regions have been suggested such as reproductive failure due to habitat degradation, mowing and haying regimes, habitat loss in winter grounds (Herkert et al., 1996), conversion to woody vegetation (Igl and Johnson, 1997), other land use conversions, or a combination of these factors.


Objective To study the effect of ERβ on endometriosis in experimental animal models of endometriosis.Methods To establish an autologous model of ER-β knockout mice by autotransplantation of uterine tissue to ectopic sites and a heterologous model of SCID mice by heterotransplantation of various human tissues.The ER-β agonist WAY-200070 was injected to the mice to observe the effect on the growth of the lesions.Results The endometriosis models of 30 ER-β knockout mice were not significantly different compared with the 22 cognate mice,P0.05.The ER-β agonist WAY-200070 do not significantly suppress the endometriosis lesions in SCID mice compared with that in the control groups,P0.1.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that ER-β does not play an important role in the formation of endometriosis lesions.


This paper presents our findings on knowledge work environment usage behaviour through a combined automated mobile indoor positioning system and self-reports collected from the environment's inhabitants. Contemporary work environments are increasingly flexible multi-occupant environments as opposed to cellular offices. Understanding persons' task-related and situation-related environmental needs is critical to improve the design of future knowledge work environments. This study is conducted in a team office environment prior to and following an intervention in which the office layout was re-organized. The combined methodological approach described in this paper provides a new tool for architecture researchers aiming to understand the use of workspaces. Importantly, combining self-reports with context-aware location data collection provides researchers an efficient in situ tool to access participants experiences and decision-making process in choosing their workstation or workspace.


Objective] To compare three methods for measuring blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity. [Method] Blood ChE activity was determined in 132 samples taken from 74 healthy adults non exposed to ChE inhibitor insecticides and 20 intoxicated patients by three different methods. Method A was the improved Ellman spectrophotometry adequate for measuring whole blood,erythrocyte and plasma ChE. Method B was used for measuring erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a spectrophotometric field kit (Test Mate OP). Method C was used acetylbromocholine as the substrate for measuring whole blood ChE by a test paper. [Results] The reference values of blood ChE activity were established after measuring the blood samples from subjects non exposed to insecticide by three methods. The blood ChE activity was inhibited in 18 cases of organophosphate or its mixed insecticides intoxication and in one case of carbamate intoxication by any method. The activities of erythrocyte AChE,whole blood and plasma ChE measured by method A,and whole blood ChE measured by method C were all significantly correlated with the activities of erythrocyte AChE measured by method B ( r =0 928,0 939,0 638 and 0 906, P 0 01). [Conclusion] All three methods can be used for measuring inhibition of blood ChE activity in patients of organophosphate intoxication. Each has its own strong and weak points.


OBJECTIVES
To assess in a cohort of young adults admitted with alcohol intoxication (AI) to the Emergency Department (ED): how many patients are readmitted to the ED or to a Psychiatric Department (PD) inpatient unit; and which characteristics are associated with further ED and PD inpatient admissions.

METHODS
In 630 patients aged 18 to 30 years admitted for AI in 2006 to 2007 to the ED of a Swiss tertiary hospital, further ED and PD inpatient admissions through 2013 were assessed. Patient characteristics at the index (initial) ED visit were assessed using administrative and medical records.

MEASUREMENTS
Proportion of subjects with at least 1 further ED admission, 1 further ED admission with AI, and any PD admission over the study period.Associations between patients' characteristics at index visit and readmissions were assessed using backward selection multivariate regression analyses.

RESULTS
Mean age was 24, 66% were male, 60% had any ED/PD admissions during the study period, 17.9% a PD admission, and 13.8% were re-admitted to ED with AI. Disruptive behavior at the index visit was associated with further ED (odds ratio [OR] 1.69 [1.13; 2.54]) and PD admissions (OR 2.41 [1.44; 4.05]). Psychiatric diagnosis was associated with any further ED admission (OR 2.07 [1.41; 3.05]), with further ED admission with AI (OR 4.56 [2.36; 8.81]) and with PD admission (OR 3.92 [2.40; 6.41]). Female sex predicted any further ED admission (OR 1.65 [1.14; 2.39]).

CONCLUSIONS
Young adults presenting with alcohol intoxication have high rates of subsequent inpatient emergency and psychiatric admissions. Being female, presenting with disruptive behavior, and having a psychiatric diagnosis at the ED visit were predictors of further admissions.


The face detection problem is certainly one of the most studied problems in the field of computer vision. It finds indeed application in the human-computer interaction field, automotive, etc. but especially in video surveillance and security systems. In the last years, AdaBoost-based systems showed good performance in both detection rate and computation time allowing its exploitation in realtime face detectors. Although effective, the natural asymmetry, brought by the problem of separating objects from the rest of the world, highlighted the limits of such an algorithm. To overcome this limit the AsymBoost version has been introduced to better distinguish the patterns of the two classes. In this paper, we further optimize the learning strategy by extending the AsymBoost cascade algorithm by introducing a reactive control of the asymmetry at both cascade and classifiers learning stages. The results will point out how the proposed strategy cuts the false negatives by keeping low the false positives.


This paper analyzed the novel from two aspects: narrative angle and story,character and their attitude.It investigated the attitude and intention of the text reflected from the process of narration and character portraying.Narrator told the story about two brothers of Zhou's family,by using dual worth judgment standard.Narrator's tone of intellect conflicted with contents of the story.Narration of the novel has a little split,influenced reader's mental statement.In this process,novel completed ironic critique to two brothers of Zhou's,queried to the traditional morality.So,this novel is full of strength of self-questioning and judgment.


systems and optical impression systems. The administrative applications are concerned with digital record-keeping, computer simulation, consultative and communication applications. In considering the number and types of imaging applications and the number of companies who manufacture and market these to dentistry, it is not surprising that many dentists are frustrated and confused as to the efficacy, implementation and financial implications associated with incorporating these technologies. This article will address the clinical perspective of these technologies, and the manner in which our office has incorporated many of these applications over the last few decades. _History


Teaching about racism creates challenging issues for educators and students alike. Using experiential learning and a public-access curriculum to teach about racism and social inequality, graduate and undergraduate students participated in this elective course. The hybrid "minimester" course focused on affective responses to classroom activities, written assignments, and online discussion forum postings. A pretest-posttest survey design was used and the results showed statistically significant changes in racial attitudes and cultural awareness among participants.


This chapter traces the limits and constraints that are vital to the formation and development of our senses of hearing and time and, in so doing, finds that each level of limits and constraints gives rise in turn to a qualitatively new level of temporal experience. It explores a high point of musical creativity with sound and time: the organizing constraints employed by Igor Stravinsky in Requiem Canticles , his final masterpiece of movement and meaning in temporal qualities. The chapter also shows how the emergence of qualitatively new levels of limits and constraints bring about a development from the general, the cellular, microsecond time-world in which every human being is formed before birth, to the very particular example of musical genius and the very specialized musical creativity in many qualities of time and even timelessness, which becomes possible through the continued constructive power of limits and constraints. Keywords: Igor Stravinsky; musical creativity; musical materials; requiem canticles ; sound; time


Two deep-sea caridean shrimps are reported on the basis of topotypic materials recently collected from the Andaman Sea off Myanmar, eastern Indian Ocean: Pasiphaea unispinosa Wood-Mason, 1892 (Pasiphaeidae) and Glyphocrangon smithii Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891b (Glyphocrangonidae). These two taxa are poorly known in literature, and thus their diagnostic features remain to be reassessed. The present material enabled us to describe morphological characters of the two species in detail, even though only a single specimen is available for each species. Pasiphaea unispinosa closely resembles P. merriami Schmitt, 1931 from the western Atlantic, but the distinctly carinate middorsal carapace, the deep branchiostegal sinus and the different structure of the pleonal tergites distinguish P. unispinosa from P. merriami . Glyphocrangon smithii is most similar to G. amblytes Komai, 2004 from the western Indian Ocean and G. wagini from Sala y Gomez Ridge in the eastern Pacific, but it is distinctive in having an unusually deep longitudinal groove on the extensor surface of each pereopod 4 and 5 dactylus.


NVE publishl elsewhere (p. 45) an account, necessarily rather long, of the clinical characters of the disease which, under the name "slethargic enicephalitis," has now been made notifiable in England and Wales. It is fotunded on a very comprehensive essay by Dr. A. S. MacNalty, in a report just published by the Local Government Board. The clinical features, and the pathological conditions, of wlhich also we give a short account, strongly support the opinion that the disease, tlhough bearing a considerable resemlblance to acute poliomvelitis, wlhichl it is believed occasionally attacks the basal ganglia, is a distinct disease due to some different virus. Dr. MacNalty, indeed, suggests that the i elation between the two mav be comparable to that known to exist between typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. The results of an epidemiological inquiry recorded by Dr. S. P. James in the report lend support to the opinioni that the two diseases are distinct. To elucidate the disease fronm the epidemiological aspect, Dr. James adopted the following metlhod: Fromi the data available up to the end of June, i9i8, comprising 338 reports, those relating, to some unquestionably distinct disease (for examiiple, tuberculous meniingitis) and instances of classical acute poliomnelitis were excluded. From the remainder, I26


Prolonged exposure to two pesticides Sevin and Thiodan for 30 days produced impairments in the brain of Channa striatus on the following ways:

– Separation and damage to meninges of cerebral hemispheres

– severe damage to all the five layers of the optic textum

– severe damage to torus longitudinalis

– partial damage to the molecular and grannular layers of the corpus cerebelli.

– no effect on diencephalon and myelencephalon.


Aim: To evaluate the effect of group reminiscence therapy (RT) as a nursing intervention on self-esteem and emotional wellbeing of older adults. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: The study sample was composed of 50 older adults from the Geriatric social club in Zagazig City, randomly assigned into two groups. The reminiscence group received ten one-hour weekly sessions and the control group received only the routine club program. Preand post-intervention assessments were made using a self-esteem scale and emotional well-being dimensions (mental health continuum, emotion regulation, and satisfaction with life scale). Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, an Independent-samples t-test, and a paired t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The study findings showed that the group reminiscence therapy led to statistically significant improvements in reminiscence group self-esteem and all emotional well-being dimensions compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Group RT is effective in increasing self-esteem and improving emotional well-being in older adults. The study provides evidence to support the idea that reminiscence therapy is an effective and safe nursing intervention for improving older adults' psychological well-being.


A problem of statistical modeling of some mechanical properties of heavy steel plates in the presence of colinearity of the observations is considered. The statistical analysis is based on the data gathered during the production process in the Steelworks "Czestochowa". The data appear to be statistically ill-conditioned and the models obtained with the help of the usual least squares method can be unsatisfactory. Thus to obtain regression models for the yield and tensile strength some Bayes-like estimators are proposed. The usefulness of the models obtained in the paper is examined with the help of the cross-validation techniques.


The hierarchical clustering is one of the methods of cluster analysis,which hasbeen greatly used in many fields.In this paper,we select the scores of five courses of thestudents in Grade One of a polytechnic university, who come from seven colleges,then carry out hierarchical clustering aimed at colleges and specialities. The results show that the clusteranalysis is scientific,rational,and realistic,and it is conducive to master the learning situationof students.


AIM
To develop salinomycin-loaded nanoliposomes (SLN), doxorubicin-loaded nanoliposomes (DLN) and nanoliposomes codelivering salinomycin and doxorubicin (SDLN) to target both liver cancer cells and cancer stem cells.

MATERIALS & METHODS
The characterization and antitumor activity of SLN, DLN and SDLN were evaluated.

RESULTS & CONCLUSION
The doxorubicin/salinomycin sodium mole ratio of 1:1 had the best synergistic combination index value, and was chosen as the drug ratio in SDLN. SDLN could maintain the drug ratio between 1:1 and 3:1 in 12 h in vivo. SDLN and SLN + DLN showed the best tumor inhibitory rate, and could significantly decrease the percentage of liver cancer stem cells in vivo. SDLN and SLN + DLN may serve as an effective approach to treat liver cancer.


A copper-catalysed C–N bond-forming reaction of carbazoles with aryl iodides is described. Several commercially available ligands such as β-diketone and diamine, are tested in the N-arylation of carbazoles. The catalytic system generated in situ from an inexpensive copper salt, simple β-diketone and inorganic base efficiently N-arylated the carbazoles. A wide range of aryl iodides and carbazoles can be coupled to generate N-arylcarbazoles in the presence of various functional groups. However, the sterically hindered effect of aryl iodides is evident in this catalytic system. The selectivity of two iodine atoms on the aromatic ring of diiodobenzene is evaluated in the developed catalytic system. Results showed that the selectivity of diiodobenzene can be tuned by the reaction temperature.


━━ Background. Pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare tumor, and its preoperative diagnosis is dif-ficult. Case. A 39-year-old woman showed an abnormality on chest radiography during the preoperative examina-tion of appendicitis. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a pulmonary mass 5 cm in diameter in the left upper lobe that reached the pericardium. Transbronchial biopsies (TBBs) revealed a malignant appearance of unknown histology. Left upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were subsequently performed. Microscopic findings showed malignant cells containing diffuse Hodgkin cell and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that the tumor cells were positive for anti-CD30 and anti-CD15 anti-body. Therefore, this tumor was diagnosed as classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis type, with a pulmonary origin, as extrapulmonary disease was not present. Conclusion. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis of pulmonary malignant lymphoma in order to select the proper treatment.


e18537Background: Fertility is a key aspect of quality of life for cancer patients of childbearing age. Some patients may benefit from preserve fertility before treatment. However, the issue of fer...


In this paper we propose a state estimation approach for linear parabolic Partial Differential Equations (PDE) with uncertain parameters. It is based on an extension of the Galerkin projection method. The extended method models projection coefficients, representing the state of the PDE in some basis, by means of a Differential-Algebraic Equation (DAE). The original estimation problem for the PDE is then recast as a state estimation problem for the constructed DAE using a linear continuous minimax filter. We develop a discretization method of order p to go from continuous to discrete time to realize a numerical simulation. The time discretisation method preserves quadratic invariants, thus ensuring that the state estimation error, which is proved to hold for the continuous filter, is preserved for the discrete filter during the numerical simulation. To conclude we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method by applying it to the tracking of a discharged pollutant slick in a 2D fluid.


A spotted and yellow leaf mutant was isolated from more than 15 000 transgenic rice lines.The mutant was featured by lesion-mimic spots during the whole growth stage as well as leaf etiolation one by one from lower part to upper part.Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene,which was designated as syl1(spotted and yellow leaves 1).PCR analysis and hygromycin resistance assay showed that the mutation was not caused by T-DNA insertion.To isolate the syl1 gene,a positional cloning strategy was employed.The approximate map position of the syl1 gene was determined by SSR markers from published data,and then nine new InDel markers were developed.A high-resolution physical map of the chromosomal region around the syl1 gene was made using F2 and F3 populations consisting of 1328 mutant individuals.Finally,the syl1 gene was located within 102 kb region between InDel markers WL32 and WL35 within the BAC clone OSJNBa0002O20 on chromosome 12.


This paper discusses organizational approaches to developing a strategy and a culture tuned to innovation. Barriers to innovation, and best practices to overcome the barriers are studied. Organizational processes to manage innovation with case studies for creating an idea-rich environment are presented. Additionally, the paper presents a model covering three aspects of individual innovation - create with freedom, nurture with passion, and transcend with detachment. Individual qualities and innovation tools applied to the three aspects are presented. The John F. Welch Technology Center, Bangalore, India, is an integrated technology development center, housing GE's Global Research as well as the engineering divisions for GE's Industrial, Infrastructure, and Healthcare businesses. One specific JFWTC lab is tracked on its innovation growth path to demonstrate the application of the tools and models presented in this paper


Microstrip antenna immersed in an isotropic plasma media radiates electroacoustic waves in addition to the electromagnetic waves. Using linearised hydrodynamic theory, effect of plasma media on radiation conductance and radiation efficiency of a two element microstrip array is observed in this paper.


There is a clear relationship between volume overload and morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients, which makes it essential to accurately adjust the normohydrated weight. For this, bioimpedance has become an indispensable tool in dialysis units. In recent years there has been a rapid development of lung ultrasound for the evaluation of pulmonary congestion through the quantification of B lines. Several studies have shown a correlation between the number of B lines and the volume overload estimated by bioimpedance in patients on dialysis. However, all these studies perform a 28-zone lung ultrasound protocol, which may be a limitation in clinical practice. Several studies have recently been published showing a correlation between 28-zone lung ultrasound protocol and simplified 4, 6, and 8-zone ultrasound protocols, which have been widely studied in patients treated in intensive care or emergency units. We set out to evaluate the relationship between bioimpedance and simplified 8-zone lung ultrasound protocol in hemodialysis patients.

 Pilot cross-sectional observation study that included 29 patients on hemodialysis at Infanta Sofía University Hospital during March 2022. Bioimpedance predialysis and postdialysis, 8-zone lung ultrasound protocol (delimited by the parasternal, anterior axillary, posterior axillary, and 4th intercostal space) and inferior vena cava ultrasound. Predialysis proBNP and Ca-125 were measured.

 There is a significant reduction in overhydration estimated by bioimpedance and in the number of B lines after the hemodialysis session (p<0.05). No correlation has been established between the two parameters, neither pre-dialysis nor post-dialysis. Nor with the pre-dialysis levels of proBNP or Ca125. There is a correlation of r = 0.45 (p<0.05) in the subgroup of patients from the afternoon shift (n = 9) between the number of B lines and extracellular water.

 Lung ultrasound allows the evaluation of the degree of lung congestion, and therefore of extracellular water, becoming a useful tool for adjusting the dry weight of hemodialysis patients. In our study we found no association between the number of B lines in the simplified 8-zone lung ultrasound protocol. It is possible that this type of lung ultrasound is not sensitive enough in outpatients on hemodialysis, but it is sensitive enough in critically ill patients in whom lung overload is greater. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed for evaluation.


This article is an update and review of the most common nontraumatic ulcerative and vesicular lesions of the oral cavity. Details concerning their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management are included. Comparisons are made between the various forms of aphthous ulcerations and their viral counterparts. Lesions of herpes simplex origin are described for both primary and recurrent or secondary forms and differentiation from aphthous ulcerations is made. Treatment options for both the chronic and more acute forms of this condition are discussed.


Taking Dalian City national tourism scenic area as the research object,I carried out composite research on scale structure and spatial structure of tourism scenic system by use of fractal theory. The results showed that its system scale structure has fractal characteristic,presenting dualization trend,and the scenic tourism attraction is not balant;The system spatial structure has fractal characteristic,and tourism spatial distribution is not balant.


We present results of a search for objects with H-alpha excess, such as cataclysmic variables (CVs) and chromospherically active binaries (ABs), as counterparts to X-ray sources detected with Chandra satellite observatory in six Galactic globular clusters (GCs): M4, M28, M30, M71, M80, NGC 6752. Binary systems play a critical role in the evolution of GCs, serving as an internal energy source countering the tendency of GC cores to collapse. Theoretical studies predict dozens of CVs in the cores of some GCs (e.g., 130 for M28, 40 for M30). A number of such binaries is also expected outside the core radius. However, few CVs are known so far in GCs. Using subtraction technique applied to images taken with the 4.1-m SOAR telescope we have found 27 objects with H-alpha excess in the field of the observed clusters, of which nine are likely associated with the clusters. Four are candidate CVs, four candidate ABs, one could be either a CV or an AB. One H-alpha object seems to be a background galaxy, while other 17 detected objects are probably foreground or background stars.


Many multimedia services of the next generation mobile telecommunication systems have an asymmetric traffic distribution between uplink and downlink. The combination of the time division duplexing (TDD) with the time division multiple access (TDMA) technique in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) allows an asymmetric use of radio resources due to the flexible allocation of time slots. To conserve this flexibility, the uplink and downlink slot distribution is preferred to be different in cells due to the different rates of asymmetry. Hence, crossed slots where a set of cells are active in downlink and another set are active in uplink, must be allowed. In crossed slots, intermobile and inter-base station interferences appear. Intermobile interference is very difficult to measure and may induce very high outage probability when two close mobiles are active in opposite link directions during the same slot. In this paper, a simplified optimum power control is used to study the performance of a TD-CDMA system during a crossed slot. Simulation results has shown that the system performance may be better in crossed slots than in uplink slots for some mobile distributions.


Addresses the problem of selecting a route to a given destination on a road map under a dynamic environment. The proposed solution uses a genetic algorithm adopting viral infection. The method is to use the viruses as domain-specific knowledge. A part of an arterial road is regarded as a virus. We generate a population of viruses in addition to a population of routes. Crossover and infection determine the optimal combination of viruses. When traffic congestion changes during driving, an alternative route can be generated using the viruses and other routes in the population in the shortest time. Experiments using actual road maps show that the infection method is effective for this problem.


Given a smooth curve X of genus g we compute de dimension of the family of curves C which have an involution over X. Moreover we distinguish when the curve C is hyperelliptic.


Objective To explore the effective sexually transmitted infections AIDS intervention strategies among female sex workers in project region.Methods A comprehensive intervention was carried out among female sex workers in 74 recreation establisements which have representative characters in Wolong district,and the effects of intervention was subsequently evaluated by an questionnaire from november 2009 to july 2010.The date were analyzed by SPSS12.0.Results The study subjects aged 17-39 year old(26.23±6.32),and 333(88.10 %) of them had high or middle school education background.264(69.84 %)were unmarried.After intervention,the correct answer rates for the knowledge of AIDS rose from 58.86 % to 85.19 %(χ2 =69.30,P0.01);and the correct use of condom were higher than those of baseline,with the rise from 77.46 % to 85.45 %(χ2 =8.605,P0.05).Conclusion The AIDS comprehensive intervention measures were effective and should be evaluated and generalized in the project region.


Background and Objective: Acinetobacter infection is one of the most common nosocomial infections that its antibiotic resistance has increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate drug resistance to colistin in nosocomial infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 blood or body fluid culture samples collected from hospitalized patients at Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, within 2018-2019. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using E-test trips and disk diffusion method to evaluate the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to the antibiotic colistin according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software


In his review essay in the Winter/Spring 2005 edition of Asian Music (36/1), Michael Tenzer discusses Bali South, a compact disc (CD) containing music recorded by Gertrude Robinson in 1970. Robinson's liner notes for the original long-playing album (LP) credited Wayan Gandera, then the leader of the Gunung Sari gamelan club in Peliatan, with "arranging" the four kebyar pieces on the CD. I am concerned here with two of these pieces: "Gambang Suling" and "Hujan Mas." Robinson says that Gandera based "Gambang Suling" on a popular Indonesian melody and "Hujan Mas" on a Javanese gending (composition), and gives the dates of arrangement as 1962 and 1963, respectively. It is not true that Gandera arranged these two pieces (as Tenzer points out), and, moreover, the dates are meaningless. It is true that "Gambang Suling" is based on a popular Indonesian melody and "Hujan Mas" on a Javanese gending. (University of California at Los Angeles [UCLA] students will remember well the gending "Udan Mas" as the very first Javanese gamelan piece we played!) The new liner notes for the Bali South CD repeat the original mistakes, which seem to have become self-perpetuating. Douglas Myers, in his obituary of Wayan Gandera, says that he "developed many new compositions for the gong, including his famous rendition of the Indonesian melody 'Gambang Suling"' (Myers 2002, 1). Meanwhile, jacket notes for another CD, Music of the Gamelan Gong Kebyar, Vol. 2, correctly identify "Gambang Suling" as a North Balinese composition, but seem to suggest that "Hujan Mas" comes from Peliatan (Vitale 1996, 25). Finally, Dieter Mack, in his article, "The Gong Kebyar Style of Pinda, Gianyar," says that "the two main kreasi kebyar of Pliatan 'Hujan Mas' and'Gambang Suling'...were created in the nineteen-fifties" (Mack 1992, 323).


Diabetic gastropathy (DG) is the most serious neuromuscular dysfunction of the stomach that may affect diabetic patients. DG is a syndrome of delayed gastric emptying correlated to alterations of gastric tone, contractility, and myoelectrical activity. Gastric dysrhythmias, antral hypomotility, antral dilation, antroduodenal incoordination, and pylorospasm variously relate to DG.

DG pathogenesis is multifactorial: autonomic neuropathy, microangiopathy, and the degenerative impairment of gastric neuromuscular structure are possible mechanisms of gastric dysfunction. Also, the acute increase in blood glucose might reversibly delay gastric emptying (1,2). Gastric dysrhythmias correlate with a disturbance of gastric electrical slow waves (ESWs). ESW rhythm, which is generated by interstitial cells of Cajal, coordinates gastric peristalsis (3,4). Cajal cells, distributed in specific locations …


Under weathering conditions bitumen surfacings deteriorate, largely due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. The ageing of the exposed surface can be attributed to the effect of photo-oxidation whereas the inner layers are subjected to slow oxidation in the dark, i,e. thermal oxidation. It is known that petroleum bitumens when used as binders in dense road surfacings may produce smooth surfaces of low skid resistance while Trinidad Lake Asphalt is likely to give a rougher texture. This can be attributed to the fact that Trinidad Lake Asphalt is more susceptible to oxidation than petroleum bitumens and, therefore, prone to slight surface abrasion. In view of the importance of skid resistance in modern high-speed motorways, it is of interest to study the difference in behaviour of Trinidad Lake Asphalt and petroleum bitumens during oxidations and a study of the particular components of Trinidad Lake Asphalt responsible for its better performance as a road binder in rolled asphalt, With this purpose the investigation has been designed on the following basis- (1) Bitumen fractionation and characterisation, (2) Thermal oxidation of bitumens and fractions, (3) Photo-oxidation of bitumens and fractions. A.1 - Bitumen fractionation and Characterisation Petroleum bitumens from Middle East, Venezuelan and mixed base crudes and Trinidad Lake Asphalt were first separated into asphaltenes and maltene fractions by precipitating asphaltenes with petroleum spirit (B.P, 30-40


Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Moline-Roberts Pharmacologic Sedation Scale. Design: A multidisciplinary expert panel was used to establish content validity. Reliability was determined by a prospective, randomized, psychometric evaluation of sedation assignment made by 2 nurse research assistants. Setting: The study was conducted in a 260-bed nonprofit community hospital. Sample: Eighty-six subjects were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: receiving opioids, benzodiazepines, or anesthetic agents; ability to understand English; and normal or near-normal hearing. Methods: Two bachelor of science in nursing–prepared nurses observed each subject and independently documented sedation levels at 3 or 4 points in time for each patient. Findings: Content validity resulted in 100% agreement that the sedation scale reflected the concept of pharmacologic sedation. Internal reliability as measured by Cronbach &agr; was .983 to .996. For each of the scale's components, interrater reliability using Cohen &kgr; ranged from 76.4% to 97.4%. The Cohen &kgr; P value for all components at all points in time was statistically significant at P < .001. Conclusion: The Moline-Roberts Pharmacologic Sedation Scale demonstrated content validity and strong reliability. Implications: The sedation scale has clinical value in providing a standardized assessment and quantitative assignment of pharmacologically induced sedation that is reflective of the continuum of sedation. Information obtained regarding the patient's sedation should be documented, trended, and incorporated into the decision-making process regarding additional administration of agents that produce or potentiate sedation. Further research is needed in populations not included in this study.


We theoretically demonstrate the feasibility of separation of various of intracycle interferences in photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) with a polarization-gated (PG) pulse constructed by a left-circularly polarized and a time-delayed right-circularly polarized few-cycle laser pulse. By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, our simulations show that the intercycle interference pattern is suppressed and a clear interference pattern with rightward curved stripes emerges in PMDs with appropriate laser parameters. This interference pattern can be well reproduced by a quantum-trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) simulation and, moreover, with the help of QTMC analysis, up to three types of intracycle interferences can be identified. It is further revealed that the nonvanishing transverse electric-field component in the PG pulse plays an important role in separating various of intracycle interferences in PMDs by properly distributing the interference stripes of electron wave packets, emitted within different time windows, into different momentum regions and suppressing the forward-rescattering photoelectron holography.


The research history of antiphytoviral agents was screened in this paper. The types and respective advances were summarized. On the other hand, It's pointed that the research and exploitation for practice, which involved in the advances and cooperation of other science subjects, was confronted with plight and challenges due to the backward of research on the mechanisms or pharmacology of antiphytoviral agents. As far as the challenges were concerned, the role and significance of research on mechanisms and pharmacology were pointed out and gave detail discussion in terms of theory and method, declaring that the further breakthrough of antiphytoviral agents' research and exploitation of usage for practice, to great extend ,would lie in the advances of mechanisms and pharmacology's research——the progress of other science subjects and the mechanisms together with the pharmacology bring new opportunities to antiphytoviral agents' research and exploitation. Finally, the development of antiphytoviral agents was prospected. What's more, the harm and present defense to plant virus were also concisely introduced and analyzed in this paper.


Ecole Nationale Sup erieure des T el ecommunications D epartement Informatique 46, rue Barrault-75634 Paris Cedex 13 Abstract When developing multimedia applications, programmers are forced to orchestrate systems' scenarios and events manually. No automatic or semi-automatic support is provided by today's commercial operating systems. To meet the Quality of Service (QoS) constraints imposed by multimedia applications, software engineers have to baby-step operating systems with tedious and error-prone scheduling directives. To alleviate the programmers' burden we propose a partially automated approach. After manually distributing a multimedia application on the geography of sites, on-site mapping of application activities and QoS constraints is performed automatically. The application's activities are partitioned into threads, while high-level QoS constraints are translated into scheduling directives. These are then fed into a user level scheduler and run-time monitor which interacts with the underlying operating system.


The method of combining (merging) of two delta versions of the software in a single delta version of a software for mobile devices is considered in this article. 148


We present a fully analytic model of an all-optical free electron laser (OFEL) undulator based on the Traveling-Wave Thomson-Scattering (TWTS) scheme. The TWTS undulator provides for sub-mm undulator wavelengths, does not require any material or plasma to generate or contain the undulator field and allows for sub-meter saturation lengths. Starting from a fully analytic description of the three-dimensional TWTS field we derive the OFEL pendulum equation for electrons in the TWTS field and discuss the constraints on laser and electron pulse parameters that have to be fulfilled for OFEL operation. We conclude in applying the TWTS OFEL to the realization of compact free electron laser sources at 13.5 nm and 0.2 nm using laser and electron sources in reach of present day technologies.


The present study examines the value and the application of a new vocabulary leaming method devised to promote the ediciency of Iexical memory retrieyal. It is the method ef presenting a word in chunks with its Ll(Japanese) translation. rlhe experimerrt was conducted to discover the difference b tween the conventional rnettiod Cpaired-association) and the new method. The subjects, 52 university students, were engaged in matching tasks on a cemputer assisted ppogram developed by the author, and during the tasks tLrey were strpIx)sed to use inference to discoyer correct answers. After learning sections they were given fbur tests, two of which were conducted on the same day while the other two were conducted seven weeks later to examine shert-term effeets and long-term effects. The result was that the new method or the chunk presentatien method, in spite of the lower achievement rate in the first two tests, proved more eliEective in the test given seven weeks later. This result reveals that he chunk presentation method can be an aiternative to conventional methods fbr intermediate English learriers who are required to memorize some thousands of words in a limited period. The eiifect of structurai difference in chunks on memory retrieval eenciency is also exarnined.


Today garbage treatment industry of our country has not the best times so the problems directly related to garbage treatment are discussing of federal as well as regional tier of authority. Over the last two years state focused on finding a solution to this problem, what determines a necessity of analyze of current situation in this sphere. In this connection attention to strategic and tactic issues of development of this industry in period of transformation of Russian economy is paid. Additionally the process of moving to new system of solid municipal waste treatment, which characterized its XI Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция молодых ученых «РОССИЯ МОЛОДАЯ» 80511.2 16-19 апреля 2019 г. multipolarity and decentralization is reviewed. A conclusion is made, that project management is necessary methodological instrument for development of economicalorganizational conditions of changing to sustainable growth of garbage treatment sphere.


The aim of this paper is to present some considerations about the (market) reality and the accounting. The considerations are some kind of a discussion, how accounting systems are linked by the feedback mechanism with managers. Various aspects of modern markets are presented. In particular, the role of globalization processes, increasing role of financial institutions and role of information are discussed. It is argued that the accounting becomes more interdisciplinary topic and some skills from new technologies become a must on modern markets. The discussion is illustrated by some particular examples. It is argued that there is a strong feedback mechanism between managers and accounting information systems.


Abstract For most people the image of Native Americans has been defined primarily by John Wayne movies and the Buffalo nickel. The image of the "Redman", whether noble or savage, has become a distorted and seldom challenged part of the American myth. The existence of such a situation is partly the result of ignorance. It is also partly the result of racism, for the story of the way non-Native Americans have dealt with Native Americans is not a pretty one. We have seen Native Americans as we want to see them, rather than as they were and are. One factor in shaping our concepts has been the still photograph. Photographs were taken for a variety of reasons, and the examination of some examples raises numerous questions about the "reality" of the images of Native Americans as well as about photography's role in capturing or influencing those images.


The RNAI mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisia is a recessive and temperature sensitive lethal mutation which interferes with the production of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. However, the precise role of RNAI gene have not been revealed until yet. We have cloned rna1-1 mutant gene from rna1-1 mutant yeast strain(R49 ; trpl, ura3-52, rna1-1). The 3.4kb BglII fragment of wild type RNAI clone(81-2-6) contains whole RNAI gene. The genomic southern blotting with BglII digested R49 genomic DNA as a probe shows the unique and identical band with wild type 3.4kb BglII fragment. Therefore, We prepared partial BglII genomic library(3~4kb BglII fragments) into BamH I site of pUC19. The rna 1-1 mutant clone was screened with Digoxigenin(DIG)-lableled probe by high density colony hybridization. The 5'-flanking region of rna1-1 gene was sequenced by dideoxy chain termination method. The 5'-flanking sequence of RNAI gene contains three TATA-like sequence ; TAATA, TATA and TTTTAA at position of -67, -45, and -36 from first ATG codon respectively. The 5'-flanking region of wild type RNA I gene from ATG codon to -103nt was deleted with Bal31 exonuclease digestion, generating /RNA I. After constructing I (consists of -103nt deleting RNA I gene, URA3 gene, rep. origin), pYEPrna1-1(consists of Xba I fragment of pUCrna1-1. URA3 gene, rep. origin), and pYEPRNAI. each plasmid was transformed into host strain(trpl, ura3-52, rna1-1) by electroporation, respectively. Yeast transformant carrying I did not complement the thermal sensitivity of rna1-1 gene. It means that TATA-like sequences in 5'-flanking region is not TATA sequence for transcribing RNAI gene and there may be other essential sequence in upstream region for the transcription of RNAI gene.


Wheat is the leading staple food in the world, particularly in developing countries, which lacks a mechanism of zinc absorption; when compared to pulses, more attention is consequently important to be given to the wheat crop. Micronutrient deficiencies and especially zinc deficiency influences one-third of the world population. In addition to this, it is also essential for the growth and development of plants and animals. A pot and field experiment was conducted to check the effect of foliar application of zinc sulphate on three different wheat varieties at the same time. Treatment consisted of three zinc levels (control, 4%, 6%) in the form of zinc sulphate (21% Zn) applications were applied on various wheat varieties (Zincol, Fakher-e-Bhakkar, Faisalabad-2008) at different growth stages (tillering, booting and heading). Different zinc levels showed different results on wheat varieties in both experiments. Results revealed that var. Fakher-e-Bhakkar was best at 6% zinc application for more plant height, the number of spikelets, spike length, 100-grain weight, biological and grain yield per plant as compared to other varieties and treatments. Antioxidants and nutritional quality (protein, gluten, starch and zinc contents) showed variable behavior both on wheat varieties and zinc application. It is concluded that Fakher-e-Bhakkar was found to be the most responsive cultivar at 6% zinc application for improvement in growth, yield-related traits and nutritional quality. So it is recommended for achieving maximum yield and yield components and grain zinc contents of wheat under agro-climatic conditions of Layyah, Punjab-Pakistan.


Rolling bearings play an extremely important role in rotating machinery. The unique position of bearings dictates that in the event of a failure, this could result in huge economic losses as well as endangering personal safety. Therefore, the assessment of the failure state of bearings has been a popular area of research. This paper addresses two challenges that exist in traditional bearing condition assessment methods: the first is the need to manually extract features from bearing data, which is overly dependent on professional knowledge; the second is the general imbalance between faulty and normal samples, which affects the performance of the model. The paper proposes a two-layer CNN-LSTM weighted deep learning model with sampling strategy (wTLCL-O) to address these challenges, which contains two layers of CNN, two layers of LSTM with both an oversampling strategy and a weighted cost-sensitive loss function. The article conducts experiments on the French PRONOSTIA bearing failure dataset, and the results show that wTLCL-O outperforms other traditional algorithms in terms of robustness and stability, and improves the prediction accuracy of bearing condition assessment under non-equilibrium conditions.


Propagation of three dimensional magnetosonic waves is considered for a homogeneous shear flow of an incompressible fluid. The analytical solutions for all magnetohydrodynamic variables are presented by confluent Heun functions. The problem is reduced to finding a solution of an effective Schrodinger equation. The amplification of slow magnetosonic waves is analyzed in great details. A simple formula for the amplification coefficient is derived. The velocity shear primarily affects the incompressible limit of slow magnetosonic waves. The amplification is very strong for slow magnetosonic waves in the long‐wavelength limit. It is demonstrated that the amplification of those waves leads to amplification of turbulence. The phenomenology of Shakura—Sunyaev for the friction in accretion disks is derived in the framework of the Kolmogorov turbulence. The presented findings may be the key to explaining the anomalous plasma heating responsible for the luminosity of quasars. It is suggested that wave amplification is the keystone of the self‐sustained turbulence in accretion disks.Propagation of three dimensional magnetosonic waves is considered for a homogeneous shear flow of an incompressible fluid. The analytical solutions for all magnetohydrodynamic variables are presented by confluent Heun functions. The problem is reduced to finding a solution of an effective Schrodinger equation. The amplification of slow magnetosonic waves is analyzed in great details. A simple formula for the amplification coefficient is derived. The velocity shear primarily affects the incompressible limit of slow magnetosonic waves. The amplification is very strong for slow magnetosonic waves in the long‐wavelength limit. It is demonstrated that the amplification of those waves leads to amplification of turbulence. The phenomenology of Shakura—Sunyaev for the friction in accretion disks is derived in the framework of the Kolmogorov turbulence. The presented findings may be the key to explaining the anomalous plasma heating responsible for the luminosity of quasars. It is suggested that wave amplification...


In recent years, several studies have been reported on the relationship between oxidative stress and various disorders including some inner ear disorders such as noise-induced hearing loss, drug-induced ototoxicity and age-related hearing loss. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress in 39 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) using Free Radical Analytical System 4 (FRAS4). We compared the oxidative stress levels at before treatment to the levels at one and four weeks after treatment. The oxidative stress level with SSNHL exhibited higher values than the upper limit of the normal value. Furthermore after treatment, oxidative stress levels decreased in most of the patients. Next, we evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress levels and hearing recovery grades. In the patient group with complete and marked recovery, the oxidative stress levels before treatment were higher than the levels in the patients group with slight recovery and no recovery. No statistical significance was observed in the oxidative stress levels evaluated at after treatment between those two groups. Our findings suggest that SSHNL is related to oxidative stress at the onset period, and the oxidative stress levels before treatment can predict the hearing prognosis in the SSHNL patients.


In recent years, the idea of deploying DDoS defense mechanisms at the core networks of the Internet has attracted the attention. Nevertheless, Marcin Nawrocki et al. [3] discovered the serious limitations of Blackholing technology through research. Considering that Blackholing is difficult to achieve fine-grained and timely attack processing, it has obvious lag and subjectivity. Intelligent and accurate DDoS detection algorithms have become particularly important.


Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics for different histological type of esophageal neoplasms(EN).Methods To observe the rate of each typical ENs's early stages(ES),the rate of lymph node metastasis(LNM),and feature of its distribution,5406 patients with ENs were retrospectively reviewed.Results Twenty-nine patients were concurrent cancer,other patients suffered from single esophagueal disease.The rate of squamous carcinoma,adeno-squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was 95.5%,1.8% and 0.5%,respectively,the others was 4%.The rates of ES and LNM were 9.1% and 39.6%.The difference of the rate of ES and LNM between each type was not significant(χ2=7.384,12.677;P=0.597,0.178).But the rate of LNM was significant different between small cell carcinoma and squamous carcinoma(P0.05).Conclusion Most of EN were found in middle segment,squamous carcinoma was absolute major EN,the following was adeno-squamous carcinoma,small cell carcinoma,adeno-carcinoma and carcinosarcoma.The rate of LNM of small cell carcinoma was significant different from squamous carcinoma's.The rate of ENs and LNM in each age's had no significant difference.


Applications of BETTER, a 2-D reservoir water quality model, have been made by the Nashville District Corps of Engineers (Corps) and by the Nashville Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Services (METRO) to evaluate the effects of low flow regulation and wastewater effluents on water quality conditions in Cheatham Lake. Data that are collected routinely and for special studies have been integrated into the daily BETTER model results. Reservoir stratification is intermittent, with most water quality effects observed in the downstream portion of the impoundment. Diurnal variations in flow, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are significant and an hourly scale simulation may be required. More intensive monitoring of temperature and DO profiles with surface nutrient and chlorophyll samples are required in the downstream segment of the reservoir for accurate model calibration and improved management of river flows and effluent discharges.


Shanghai stage 2 sewage disposal scheme is the largest sewage disposal engineering in our conuntry so far.The writers studed the draw water channel and front tank of the Number 2 Middle-line sewage pump station with the physical model and the mathematical model.It is also found that there existed poor flowing state and heavily depositing in the original pre-pond design of number 2 middle-line pump station.Improving methods are pointed out,the optimized result is proposed.The poor flowing state and depositing are eliminated and pump station efficiency is high.


The Chinese postman problem is one of the classical problems in graph theory and has been widely and deeply researched since it was proposed.It is applicable in a wide range of fields.With the rapid development of computer networks,computer communication and intelligent transportation system,problems in time-dependent networks become more realistic than the classical problems.First,we presented the definition of time-dependent Chinese postman problem(TDCPP) and the property of TDCPP.Then we showed that the classical algorithms of Chinese postman problem(CPP) can't work in the time-dependent circumstances.Finally,two layers SA/GA algorithm(simulated annealing/ genetic algorithm) was proposed,this approach was tested on some randomly generated data,the computational results were analyzed by comparing with lower bound of the problem.


Based on the constraints of geographical position and network transportation cost,a multi-agent based simulation model for dynamic evolution game is proposed,in which it is supposed that in a two dimensional plane multi inter-divided monopolistic markets are averagely distributed. The power generation companies are distributed in the rich resources region and the power generation companies can make the decision of output and price respectively in different markets to ensure the overall profit maximized. By means of simulation analysis following conclusion is obtained:in electricity market the network transportation cost brings about an evident monopoly border cross region for power generation companies,which spreads along with the reduction of network transportation cost. On the part of power generation company's natural characteristic,increasing the number of the power plants can alleviate the situation of power supply shortage to a certain extent,however,because of the existence of transmission cost,the monopolistic market power of power generation companies in electricity market can not be eliminated at the root by this manner.


This paper presents a method of constructing the Zero inflated Poisson continuous mixture distributions which have applications in various fields. The distributions can be formed by either direct integration or integration of moments of the underlying distributions. The two methods are presented in sections one and two. In section four, we present the mixed distributions. We further proved the identities that resulted when the resultant mixed distributions were equated.


Background and Objectives: Melatonin and Ketorolac delay and minimize intraoperative tourniquet pain when used as premedication to lidocaine-based intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA). It is unclear if Melatonin is more efficacious compared with Ketorolac. This study compared intraoperative tourniquet pain, postoperative analgesia, and side effects of using Melatonin vs. Ketorolac during outpatient hand surgery. Methods: A total of 78 patients scheduled for hand and forearm surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups; the control group (Patients received 3mg/kg Lidocaine made with 40ml normal saline), Melatonin group (Patients received 3mg/kg Lidocaine made with 40ml normal saline plus oral Melatonin 0.15mg/kg one hour preoperatively) and Ketorolac group (Patients received 3mg/kg Lidocaine made with 40ml normal saline with an adjuvant Ketorolac 20mg). Ten minutes after proximal tourniquet inflation, the distal tourniquet was inflated, and the proximal tourniquet deflated. Tourniquet pain was measured every 1 0mins. Need for intraoperative opioids were recorded, PACU pain scores, postoperative analgesic consumption, patients and surgeon satisfaction were compared. Patients were contacted 24hrs after surgery and reported their analgesic consumption, satisfaction scores. Results: Hemodynamic stability was recorded among patients of the three groups. Intra-operative pain score was significantly lower while the time of first request of analgesia was significantly longer in the Melatonin and Ketorolac groups than the control group. 24h postoperative analgesic consumption was higher in the Melatonin and the control group than Ketorolac group. Patient and Surgeon satisfaction were significantly higher with Melatonin and Ketorolac than in the control group. Conclusion: Both Melatonin and Ketorolac are effective adjuvant to Lidocaine during intravenous regional anesthesia with hemodynamic stability. However Ketorolac is characterized by being more effective in terms of postoperative analgesia as denoted by time of first request of analgesia and total dose of analgesia given.


Quinolones are a group of structurally related antibacterial agents. Over the present decade there has been a significant and increase in the use of this class of antibiotics in animal production. As a consequence the increased use of quinolones can p resistance of bacteria. To protect the consumers health, Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) have been established in edible animal m the European Union. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS 2) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantific of eight quinolones at MRL level in bovine muscle, milk and aquacultured products. The studied quinolones were enrofloxacin, cipro sarafloxacin, danofloxacin, oxolinic acid, flumequine, difloxacin and marbofloxacin. The method involved a single solid-phase e followed by the analysis of all quinolones in a single chromatographic run using LC–ESI–MS 2. Quinine was selected as internal standa This paper consists of two parts: the discussion of the analytical method and the discussion of the different validation parameters to Commission Decision 2002/657/EEC. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The article contains a brief description of the results of the undertaken research of creative abilities of first-year students-mechanics of the Ural Federal University; then it analyzes their correlation with results of test examinations at the end of the semester. Creative abilities are estimated with the help of the following tests: drawing test of Torrance, test of verbal activity, and Bennet's test of mechanical comprehension. The results of the session are determined by marks in such disciplines of the curriculum as mathematics, physics, materials science, descriptive geometry and theoretical mechanics. It is shown that the studied correlation is nonlinear, the coefficients of linear correlation characterizing it are close to zero, but the correlation relations characterizing its nonlinearity (by results of calculations) are rather significant. It is worthy of attention that girls display the discovered influence more evidently than young men. Attempts to explain this phenomenon are made, and prospects for further research are outlined in the article.


In order to deliver a greater range of services and information to users across jurisdictions, the concept of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) is beginning to progress towards the development of an enabling platform, helping to link services across jurisdictions, organisations and disciplines. Spatially enabling government is now part of the objectives of countries in the Asia Pacific, Europe and North America. Australian governments have moved in a similar direction to promote spatial strategies and information as a vital tool for policy development and public sector decision making. The combination of strategies in the spatial enablement of government and mainstream egovernment are now an emerging trend in Australia and many other parts of the world. However, there are still no accepted methods for assessing progress towards spatial enablement. This paper aims to introduce and discuss various challenges and issues associated in the new vision of spatially enabled government and society. It also discusses the importance, role and value of benchmarking government services and the level of their spatial enablement and proposes methods for selecting indicators for measuring and comparing different aspects.


The invention provides a method for manufacturing a half-transmission and half-reflection liquid crystal display panel. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, providing an array substrate which comprises a plurality of pixel regions defined with element regions, transmission regions and reflection regions; forming a first metal layer on the array substrate; patterning the first metal layer so as to form a gate electrode and a plurality of metal bumps simultaneously; forming a first insulation layer which is used for covering the gate electrode and the plurality of metal bumps and has a rough surface on the array substrate; forming a patterned semiconductor layer on the gate electrode; forming a reflection layer which is used for covering the first insulation layer and has a rough surface in the reflection regions; and forming a patterned second insulation layer and a pixel electrode on the array substrate sequentially.


This report documents the initial implementation of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board Recommendation 90-2 for the Hanford Site high level waste (HLW) tanks. The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board issued Recommendation 90-2. Recommendation 90-2 requires review and evaluation of the content and implementation of standards relating to the design, construction, operation, and decommissioning of selected US Department of Energy defense nuclear facilities (including the Hanford Site HLW tanks). This report tabulates the results of two activities: (1) the development of a listing of the codes and standards used in the design and construction of the existing HLW tanks on the Hanford Site; (2) and, a listing of applicable codes and standards that will cover design, construction, operation, and decommissioning of HLW tanks on the Hanford Site.


In this paper we show a new approach of MATLAB Web tools development. The online tools are aimed at education in automatic control related courses, and they are based on HTTP Socket server. The server is emulated in base MATLAB runtime environment and it provides all MATLAB supported features over Internet. Server can handle user requests, sent from classic HTML Web pages and process them using predefined M-file algorithms, returning generated Web pages containing requested results. Tools provide several automation topic related features like matrix and polynomial operations, transfer function algebra, generating of system responses plots and model-based process control simulations.


An intermolecular hydrogen bond network structure is usually formed in the liquid state and affects physicochemical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, and viscosity. The intermolecul...


Introduction: Much work has been dedicated to understanding the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the martian outflow channels, enormous channels thought to have been carved by episodic outburst floods [1,2]. Candidate formation mechanisms include: discharge from pressurized confined aquifers [3], melting of cryospheric ground-ice by volcanic activity [4], melting of buried ice deposits [5,6], release of surficial water reservoirs [7], and dewatering of sedimentary materials [8]. However, difficulties related to limited recharge sources, insufficient water reservoirs, and lack of plausible melting mechanisms remain [9]. In light of recent climate model results predicting the accumulation of regional ice sheets across the martian highlands [10-12], and the widespread distribution of contemporaneous volcanism on Mars [13], recent work has proposed large-scale lava-ice interactions as a potential alternative mechanism for outflow channel formation [6]. Here we assess in detail the potential formation of outflow channels by large-scale lava-ice interactions through an applied case study of the Reull Vallis outflow channel system. We first review the geomorphology of Reull Vallis to outline criteria that must be met by the proposed formation mechanism. We then assess local and regional lava heating and loading conditions to generate model predictions for the formation of Reull Vallis to test against the outlined geomorphic criteria. Reull Vallis: The Reull Vallis outflow channel consists of 5 individual segments grouped into the upper (northern trough, Waikato Vallis, Morpheos basin, and Segment 2) and lower (Segment 3 and Teviot Vallis) systems [14-16]. Distinct morphologic differences between the upper and lower systems have been interpreted [16] to suggest that the upper portion of Reull Vallis served as a tributary to the lower system and that formation of the lower portion of the system occurred by other mechanisms, with different sources of water, and predated that of the upper system. Therefore, we focus specifically on the upper Reull Vallis system due to the close spatial and temporal association with the Hesperian Ridged plains unit [16], rather than the lower Reull Vallis system which has a more ambiguous origin. Upper Reull Vallis: The geomorphology of the upper Reull Vallis system suggests a complex fluvial history [15, 16], with multiple episodes of flooding activity. The upper Reull Vallis system emanates from the northern trough, a ~140 km long, tens of kilometers wide, ~100-200 m deep linear depression in southern Hesperia Planum. South of the northern trough, the upper Reull Vallis system emerges abruptly as a large steep-sided canyon within Waikato Vallis (Fig. 1). The Waikato Vallis segment of the upper Reull Vallis system shows an abundance of evidence (Fig. 1) consistent with an origin by fluvial activity and erosion involving undercutting by subsurface flow [16]. The abrupt emergence, lack of tributaries, depressed channel head, and collapsed features at the channel head (Fig. 1) have been interpreted to suggest that the water which carved the upper Reull Vallis system originated from the subsurface of Hesperia Planum, within the northern trough [15,16]. Therefore, the total volume of sediment eroded in the formation of the upper Reull Vallis system is equal to the volume of the downstream channel segments (Waikato Vallis and Segment 2), ~2,200 km [16]. This translates to a minimum required water volume of ~5,500 km assuming an upper-limit sediment to water ratio of 0.4 (the maximum volumetric sediment load which can be carried before the flood transitions to a debris flow; [17]).


Limited transparency, accountability, and participation in policy formulation as well as implementation mainly based on economic considerations, all lead to failure to attain sustainable forest management (SFM).  Along with the reluctance of policy makers and lacking stakeholder capacity, less accurate data bases has also indicated a constraint in the development of appropriate action. The issues have been more complicated where they were correlated with economic imperatives, vested interest, ownership issues and the basic rights of indigenous communities living inside or adjacent the forest.  Forest destruction will be no end without securing customary  land and territorial rights.  To cope with these issues, the concept of fair governance has been promoted as an alternative to the traditional pattern of administration. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for policy development in order to attain SFM while respecting the rights of the adat people.  We show that adaptive governance, adaptive management, and participatory learning are strategic approaches in  governance reform to achieve sustainable forest management securing the customary rights and traditional land use of forest dependent people.


Abstract. The paper deals with four basic boundary value problem of static elasticity (BPET). It was calculated the principal symbol of a pseud0-differential operator on the boundary whose eigenvalues are the Cosserat eigenvalues of the original BPET. This principal symbol is presented in terms of the principal curvatures and the coefficients of the first quadratic form of the boundary. It was found the principal term in the asympotics of the Cosserat eigenvalues.


Whenradar andoptical images areexamined indetail, itisoften foundthatthemostdistinguishable common feature ofthetwo typesofimages istheshapes ofvarious natural aswellasman-made objects. Anedge-extraction technique was developed andusedto extractthesalient edgesoftheobjects ofinterest. A sequential, hierarchical search technique was implemented inthematching of


The chilling and heat requirements of 4 leading grape varieties of protected culture in Shanghai area were calculated by different estimation models.The results showed that the chilling requirements of the 4 varieties were 575—684 h(estimated by the 0—7.2 ℃ model),738—895 h(by the≤7.2 ℃ model)and 738—865 CU(by the Utah Model);The chilling requirement of 'Jumeigui' variety was the lowest and that of ' Kyoho' was the highest;Their heat requirements were 9 113—10 722 GDH(estimated by the growing degree-hour model);The heat requirement of ' Summer Black' was the lowest and that of ' Zuijinxiang' was the highest;There was a positive correlation between the chilling and heat requirements of the 4 varieties.


On 24 November, 1689, Elizabeth and Catherine Meyerin were born as conjoined twins in Basel, Switzerland. Johannes Fatio (1649-1691), renowned master barber surgeon successfully proceeded toseparate the xypho-omphalopagus twin with a silken cord in front of an audience of many medical men and lord mayors. Although published by E. König one year later, this case illustrates the dawn of paediatric surgery in Switzerland, with J. Fatio being its first remarkable representative. In the fourth section of his only printed book Helvetic Reasonable Midwife, more than 17 greatly detailed chapters describe the diseases of neonates and infants, together with their treatment. He describes mouth to mouth respiration as the most efficient method of resuscitation, warns of the danger of bleeding from cutting the lingual frenulum, writes about a peno-scrotal hypospadias operation using a trocar from the glans along the shaft of the penis and passing a leaden tube along the newly made channel into the bladder. He clearly distinguishes between umbilical hernia (which rarely needed any treatment) and exomphalos (to be closed with continuous strapping over the often ruptured membranes).


Aluminum is one of the candidate materials of the vacuum chamber and components in the ultra-large scale integration device production facilities, because of high thermal conductivity and minimizing weight. For that purpose, their surface must be smooth and passivated so as to have a low outgassing rate. An electropolishing method to obtain a mirror-finish and pit-free smooth surface has been developed by controlling the flow of the electrolytic fluid during polishing. The polished surface, which shows an average roughness of 0.03 μm was found to be covered with an oxide film of 200 nm thick as determined by Auger electron spectroscopy, indicating a chemically stable surface. The outgassing rate measurement using a conduction-modulation method shows the value of 10−10 Pa m3 s−1 m−2, after baking treatment at 150 °C.


This paper reports experimental work to investigate the characteristics of swirl in dispersed liquid-liquid flow in a horizontal pipe. In this work the focus was on determining the pressure gradient in a horizontal 25.4 mm (nominal one-inch) tube and its spatial evolution in swirling liquid-liquid flow. Experimental results are presented for Kerosene (EXXOL D80) and tap water at room temperature. The swirl was introduced by Kenic helical static mixer elements at the pipe inlet. The pressure gradient was measured for different numbers of helical elements at three different positions (near the beginning, middle and end of the test section) for single-phase flows of water and oil and also for dispersed flows of oil and water. A cross-shaped de-swirl device was used to distinguish effects due to swirl from those due to the additional mixing and turbulence induced by the mixer elements. A gamma densitometer system was applied for measuring the chordal volume fraction distribution across the tube and to obtain tomographic results for phase distribution across the tube both with and without helical elements. It was concluded that the introduction of helical elements at the tube inlet has a considerable influence on the flow behaviour and produces a swirl flow in the pipe whose intensity decays with distance from the inlet. The rate of decay depends on the type of dispersion (oil or water continuous). The influence of mixing phenomena on pressure gradient is manifested in several ways, including a sharpening of the pressure gradient peak in dispersed flow and the occurrence of a secondary pressure gradient maximum over a range of conditions. Furthermore, the results obtained with the gamma densitometer indicate that the helical element is an efficient means of mixing. It can generate a mixing intensity equivalent to a turbulent flow at higher mixture velocity.


Large-scale electric vehicle (EV) charging will bring new challenges to coordination of grid and transportation. To facilitate large-scale EV applications, optimal locating and sizing of charging stations have become essential. For the investors of a charging station, economic benefit is the primary and the only objective. In this context, this work studies the siting and sizing of EV stations based on the optimal economic benefit. Benefit changes with time, location and capacity. A planning model method considering net present value (NPV) and life cycle cost (LCC) is proposed to determine the site and the size of the charging stations. The model has integrated distribution network constraint, the user constraint and the traffic flow captured constraint. Origin–destination lines and voronoi diagram are selected to calculate the traffic flow and the service region of each charging station, respectively. The quantum genetic algorithm was adopted for a better convergence of the planning model. Finally, a coupled 33-node distribution system and a 36-node transportation system are used to simulate various scenarios in the coupled networks of grid and transportation. The simulation results show that by introducing a planning model method considering NPV and LCC, the charging station economical benefits can be further improved.


The free-piston Stirling-engine linear-generator system can make efficient use of multiple energy resources, so it has great application potential in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics including space station, human lunar exploration, space vehicle, etc. This paper investigates the control strategy of the free-piston Stirling-engine permanent-magnet (PM) linear-generator system. The mathematical models of PM linear generator and free piston Stirling engine are established. The control strategies at starting and generating stages are proposed. The system simulation and experiment verification are also made.


The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of melanoma in horses butchered in slaughterhouse in Minas Gerais State from 2004 to 2008. It was also evaluated the fate of these carcasses based on the macroscopic injuries due the fact that the animals in this slaughterhouse are all of ages, colors races and origins. For the carcasses melanoma detection SIF perceives the front housing after the "despaletament" technique, opening the shoulder muscles, which detects localized damage when is limited to area of the shoulder, generalized injuries are due to spread of tumors throughout the carcass. The results of observations performed by the inspection team can provide the opportunity to sign up a diagnosis and a trial of case by case to give the destination once the meat. In the analysis period (2004 to 2008) were slaughtered 137,769 horses, 1,838 being recorded by melanoma affected, with prevalence of 1.33%. Been done Chi square and there was significant statistically difference among the years. 39.173% affected animals were left to grease and 60.82% conditional use.


Abstract Granulation is necessary before iron ore sintering. The optimum granulation moisture added to the mixture of iron ores, fuel and coke for obtaining suitable size distribution of the granules after tumbled in a drum is of vital importance for the sintering. In order to investigate the optimum moisture content, the moisture capacity of the iron ore, which means the maximum water content held in iron ores of unit mass, is defined and measured in a self-designed apparatus. The relationship between the moisture capacity and some other characteristics of iron ores, which include mineral and chemical composition, size distribution and mineralogy, is discussed. It was found that the mineral composition and the size distribution of the iron ore particles greatly influence the moisture capacity of the iron ores. The moisture capacity of the iron ore was also applied to optimise the granulation by finding the relationship between the moisture capacity of the mixture and the optimum water content. The moisture capacity has positive correlation with the optimum water content. The iron ore, which has high moisture capacity, needs more water added in the granulation process in order to get high permeability. The correlation was given to predict the optimum water content in the granulation based on the moisture capacity measurement.