Aim  Although the ability to fly confers benefits to most insects, some taxa have become secondarily flightless. Insect flightlessness may be more likely to evolve in environments such as islands and other windswept and alpine areas, but this prediction has rarely been tested while controlling for phylogenetic effects. Here we present a phylogeny for the endemic Hawaiian Lepidoptera genus Thyrocopa, which has two flightless species that occur in alpine areas on Maui and Hawaii islands, in order to determine whether the flightless species are sister to each other or represent separate losses of flight. We also explore divergence times and biogeographic patterns of inter‐island colonization in Thyrocopa, and present the first Hawaiian study to sample a genus from nine islands.


Employing an epoxide rearrangement based ring contraction reaction, a short and efficient regioselective approach to the C-6 to C-19 segment of the toluquinol substituted diterpenes bifurcaranes, and its extension to a formal total synthesis of the sesquiterpenes (±)-β-microbiotene, (±)-microbiotol and (±)-cyclocuparanol are described.


This chapter assesses the prominent Buddhist view of collections. To talk about the wants, plans, and traits of a company or a government is really to talk about the members that make it up and their relationships. Although these collections can seem to be separately existing things in the world, they are just handy names for what makes them up. This is not to deny that these labels can be useful, at least for some purposes. Sometimes talking about things that do not really exist can be helpful and even teach people things. These labels are just the name people give to a bunch of parts that interact in ways that are relevant to them. Indeed, using handy names for certain collections is not necessarily bad. However, when one starts to think of those names as picking out something real in the world, one starts running into trouble.


Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was twofold, first to find the antecedents and consequences of employee voice using the theory of planned behaviour, and second to develop, introduce and validate the construct of employee reticence (employee-silence attitude) and its scale.
Methodology: Mixed-Method Research using interviews, and questionnaire was the methodology of the study. IBM SPSS 20.0 and SmartPLS 2.0 software were used for data analysis to test and confirm face validity, content validity, reliability, item reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, nomological validity.
Main Findings: Employee reticence is a valid employee attitude. The employee silence behaviour is supported by the theory of planned behaviour. It was found that the Theory of planned behaviour applies to the situations of employee silence. The scale of employee reticence developed, as the result of this study, is valid and ready to be used by researchers, organizational behaviourists, psychologists, and HR experts.
Applications of this study: The study is applicable for change intervention programs in organizations by organizational behaviourists. The researchers can use it to explore and develop organizational and team-level attitudes of silence. Its scale is a useful tool, largely for recruiters for ensuring PO fit. It is usable to researchers for further exploration and using it as in organizational research including but not limited to Employee silence, knowledge management, and stress. Psychologists can take the lead from the concept of ER to develop similar constructs for their field for analysing their patients of stress etc. from this perspective.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is novel and original as the construct of employee reticence has been developed, introduced, and validated (employee-silence attitude). Further, the scale of the new construction has been constructed and validated, using standard methods.


This study was conducted to find out how the gold mining activity affects the livelihoods of the employees in small scale gold mining in Kenya. This was done by focusing on small scale gold miners in Ikolomani Sub-County where much of the gold mining is done. The study had three specific objectives namely: to assess the effect of labor input into small scale gold mining on the livelihoods of mining employees' households; to establish how capital inputs into small scale productivity of small scale gold mining on the livelihoods of mining employees' households. The study adopted a case study approach that employed survey techniques in data collection. The target population was the small scale gold miners in Ikolomani Sub-County. A total of 98 respondents participated in the study. Data collected was analyzed with the aid of SPSS. Descriptive statistics was used in the analysis. The study found out that labor input in small scale mining contributed significantly to the livelihoods of Ikolomani residents though it was affected by the challenge of using innovative methods. It was also found out that capital input had positive significant influence on the mining employees' livelihood. The study concluded that small scale gold mining is an attractive venture which had attracted the residents of Ikolomani. However, it is associated a myriad of health risks. Labour and capital input contribute positively to the mining employees households' livelihoods except for productivity which has a negative effect. The study recommended that government should put in place mechanisms to improve the skills of the gold mining employees through training, employee development and compensation. Further, the small scale gold miners should be empowered by the government to make them have access to capital to finance small scale mining and install mechanism to ensure the proceeds from gold mining activities benefit the small scale gold mining employees and stakeholders and the host


: Immature inflorescence with outer spathe length of 5.5 cm size collected from West Coast Tall cultivar of coconut was used as the explant and rachillae bits were inoculated in Y3 media supplemented with 2, 4-D (1 mg L-1). e cultures were incubated in dark for eight months and sub-cultured into the same media at monthly interval. e white shoot like outgrowths formed were sub cultured to ½ MS media fortified with 1 mg L-1 each of NAA and BAP and subsequently transferred to light condition. Aer three months, the emerging shoot like structure was transferred to Y3 media fortified with NAA and BAP. Upon developing 3 - 4 leaves, the cultures were transferred to rooting media and root initiation was observed aer two months. e transition of vegetative shoot to reproductive state was accompanied by some morphological changes including rapid emergence of long and thin leaves followed by emergence of pearly white inflorescence. Unlike normal inflorescence, the inflorescence emerged was terminal and was devoid of spathe. Prolonged subculture in the same media might have resulted in pH variation and subsequent reduction in organic and inorganic constituents of the media. e chemical stress experienced by the plantlet might have induced in vitro flowering.


In this paper, we first analyze the outage performance of two user cognitive radio channel where the cognitive user causally obtains primary user's message knowledge. Specifically, we consider cognitive rayleigh fading channel where the cognitive user uses superposition coding to relay the primary user's message to compensate for the interference caused by its own transmission to the primary receiver. We find the mutual information expressions at primary and cognitive receivers by classifying it in different cases. Results show that non-zero capacity is obtained at cognitive receiver while maintaining outage rate of the primary unchanged. It is also shown that additional diversity is obtained at primary receiver due to relaying by the cognitive user. We then extend the single user case to multiple cognitive users. It is shown that using multiuser diversity effect and cognitive users cooperation, significant increase in the mutual information at cognitive receiver for a given outage probability is achieved.


When we drive a car, we have many blind spots. The information from the outside is almost limited to vision and sound. We have a vision that the driver and the car unified and moves as one[1] to face the problem of the gap of the information between the outside of the car and inside. We call the unity of driver and the car Homunculus which makes communication with the outside of the vehicle.
 With this concept, we developed a new haptic system. Our system assigns the sense of driver's foot to the bottom of a car. It connects nine vibration motors on a grid to the nine IR distance sensors on a grid. If users use this system, they can feel something passed through the bottom of a car, a bump and so on with feeling like a sole of hid foot was touched. It is like a invisible foot(Figure1) is sticked out bottom of the cars.
 We applied our prototype to several cases in driving and found several interesting points on this. We would discuss on these points on this paper.


As highly sensitive circuit assembly components become more tightly packed, demand for cost-effective package-level EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding increases. The process cost for applying a thin (less than $10 \mu \mathrm{m})$ conductive metal EMI shielding layer to individual packages is substantial when traditional sputtering and plating methods are used.


Environmentally friendly ceria-based oxides are a new type of promising catalyst system for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. The effects of transition metal ions, including Fe3+, Zr4+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+, on the catalytic performance of Ti0.8M0.2Ce0.2O2+x for the NH3-SCR of NO were studied in detail, to address a fundamental question about the acidic mechanism – whether transition metal ions can regulate the catalytic performance of Ti0.8M0.2Ce0.2O2+x for the NH3-SCR of NO. The results showed that the transition metal ions were able to improve the catalytic performance and regulate the catalytically active temperature. The maximum activity of the catalyst decreased with decreasing numbers of weak acid sites in the order Ti0.8Fe0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Ni0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Zr0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Mn0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Cu0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Ce0.2O2. The lowest temperature of the catalytically active temperature widow (Tr-L) and acid strength of weak acid sites decrease in the order Ti0.8Ce0.2O2 > Ti0.8Zr0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Ni0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Fe0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Cu0.2Ce0.2O2+x. Moreover, the highest temperature of the catalytically active temperature widow Tr-H and acid strengths of strong acid sites decrease in the order Ti0.8Zr0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Ni0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Fe0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Mn0.2Ce0.2O2+x > Ti0.8Cu0.2Ce0.2O2+x. This study reveals for the first time that the maximum activity of the Ti0.8M0.2Ce0.2O2+x catalyst mainly depends on the number of Lewis acid sites, and the active temperature window mainly depends on the acid strength. Furthermore, the Tr-L is inversely associated with the acid strength of the Lewis acid sites, while the Tr-H is positively associated with the acid strength of the Bronsted acid sites.


OBJECTIVE The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway is a master regulator in energy metabolism and may be related to cancer. In type 2 diabetes, low HDL cholesterol predicts cancer, whereas metformin usage is associated with reduced cancer risk. Both metformin and apolipoprotein A1 activate the AMPK signaling pathway. We hypothesize that the anticancer effects of metformin may be particularly evident in type 2 diabetic patients with low HDL cholesterol. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a consecutive cohort of 2,658 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients enrolled in the study between 1996 and 2005, who were free of cancer and not using metformin at enrollment or during 2.5 years before enrollment and who were followed until 2005, we measured biological interactions for cancer risk using relative excess risk as a result of interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) as a result of interaction. A statistically significant RERI >0 or AP >0 indicates biological interaction. RESULTS During 13,808 person-years of follow-up (median 5.51 years), 129 patients developed cancer. HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L was associated with increased cancer risk among those who did not use metformin, but the association was not significant among those who did. Use of metformin was associated with reduced cancer risk in patients with HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L and, to a lesser extent, in patients with HDL cholesterol ≥1.0 mmol/L. HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L plus nonuse of metformin was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 5.75 (95% CI 3.03–10.90) compared with HDL cholesterol ≥1.0 mmol/L plus use of metformin, with a significant interaction (AP 0.44 [95% CI 0.11–0.78]). CONCLUSIONS The anticancer effect of metformin was most evident in type 2 diabetic patients with low HDL cholesterol.


In this paper we establish an extensive quantitative comparative study of patch-based video denoising with optical flow estimation algorithms. Namely, SPTWO, VBM3D and VBM4D algorithms are considered. The aim of this study is to combine these video denoising algorithms in a hybrid proposed process to take advantage of. SPTWO takes advantage of the self-similarity and redundancy of adjacent frames. The proposed hybrid algorithm and the three video denoising algorithms are implemented and tested on real sequences degraded by various level Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The obtained results are compared in terms of the most used performance criteria for various test cases. The performance criteria computed in this study are: RMSE and SSIM in addition to the running time and visual quality of the sequence video. Experimental results, illustrate that the proposed algorithm and SPTWO provide the best video quality and appear to be efficient in terms of preserving fine texture and detail reconstruction.


In this paper, we address the important issue of reusing frequency resource in femtocells deployed in dense multi‐floor buildings over a large urban macrocell coverage to enhance network capacity and spectral efficiency using almost blank subframe (ABS)‐based enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination (eICIC) technique. Femtocell clustering and modeling an optimum number of ABS (OPNA) are, however, two major challenges to reuse frequency in femtocells deployed in buildings using ABS‐based eICIC. In this paper, we address these challenges by exploiting the high external wall penetration loss of any buildings and in‐between distance of neighboring buildings, and propose a femtocell clustering approach by considering all femtocells in any buildings as a femtocell cluster to avoid an additional computational complexity from clustering. We develop a frequency reuse and scheduling algorithm (FRSA) for an arbitrary number of ABSs for a multi‐tier network, which consists of in‐building femtocells and outdoor picocells in the coverage of an urban macrocell. We then propose a model for estimating the OPNA and derive an OPNA per femtocell cluster basis under two schemes, namely adaptive OPNA and non‐adaptive OPNA, in order to vary the number of ABSs imposed on femtocells within a building dynamically based on the presence of indoor macrocell users within the building to avoid cross‐tier interference with femtocells. An optimization algorithm for OPNA schemes is developed, and its implementation aspects are discussed. The impact of varying the number of ABSs and femtocells per building on the throughput performance of FRSA is analyzed through an extensive system‐level simulation, and the capacity outperformance of the adaptive over the non‐adaptive OPNA scheme is shown. Finally, a schematic of the scheduler implementation for FRSA is developed, and the capacity outperformance of FRSA over a number of existing works is shown. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Dr Liliana Werner believes that it is the shape of an IOL edge, rather than the material from which it is made, that determines the likelihood of PCO.


Phase-selective growth of TlBa_2Ca_2Cu_3O_9− x films is greatly enhanced by annealing chemical vapor deposition derived BaCaCuO(F) precursor films in the presence of TlF. Nucleation of superconducting phases (≥840 °C under O_2) progresses in the order 2212 → 2223 → 1212 → 1223. Annealing at 855 °C results in well-defined platelet grains, a significant number of which are a -axis oriented. Residual fluoride is not detectable at any stage of the annealing process. Thin films synthesized by TlF annealing differ markedly from films processed in the presence of Tl_2O_3 with T _ c = 103 K and J _ c > 10_5 A/cm^2 (5 K, 4.5 T).


A typical viral marketing model identifies influential users in a social network to maximize a single product adoption assuming unlimited user attention, campaign budgets, and time. In reality, mul...


In order to achieve significantly reduced power consumption, the transistor operating voltage needs to be reduced. To do this, a tunneling based transistor needs to rely on the density of states turn-on as shown in Fig 1 [1]. Current can only flow when the conduction and valence bands overlap. If the band edges are ideal, one might expect an infinitely sharp turn on when the band edges overlap. Surprisingly, in a typical 3d bulk TFET, the nature of the turn on is actually quadratic in the gate voltage. Nevertheless, it is possible improve this if dimensionality is reduced. Consequently, we explored the nature of the band overlap for the various dimensionalities shown in Fig 2. We find that a 2d-2d pn junction, as shown in Fig. 2(i) brings us significantly closer to an ideal step function. Confining each side of the pn junction will also significantly increase the on state conductivity at low voltages.


In search for a new antibacterial agent with improved antimicrobial spectrum and potency, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 3-((Z)-2-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)vinyl)-4H-chromen-4-ones 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h by convergent synthesis approach. All the synthesized compounds were assayed for their in vitro antibacterial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The preliminary structure-activity relationship to elucidate the essential structure requirements for the antimicrobial activity has been described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).


This paper explores the way in which America—a cultural space produced by the world's largest media corporations and not the political entity called the United States— constructs, both discursively and spatially, zones of violence and zones of safety, contributing in the process to the maintenance and acclamation of political/symbolic global order. Through "thick descriptions" of three zones—EPCOT Center in Walt Disney World in Florida, as the ultimate safe zone; a day of media coverage of the Kosovo intervention in 1999, the epitomy of a constructed zone of violence; and a reinterpretation of debates over media violence in the United States as the way of policing the zones of safety and zones of violence—the paper argues that zoning was the principal practice with which the self-content narrative of global economic success confronted the onslaught of alleged cultural violence in the 1990s. Zoning, to use Giorgio Agamben's analysis, is the forceful localization of an ever-expanding suspension of legal order; the practice that obfuscates the increasing frequency with which sovereign power encounters—and obliterates—bare life with impunity. Construction of boundaries between zones of safety and zones of violence is, therefore, more than performance of security—it is the way to affirm global order in face of its absence.


This study examined how school writing tasks (notetaking, answering study questions, and essay writing) interact with three measures of learning (recall, concept application, and gain in passagespecific knowledge). During a series of six sessions, eight eleventh grade students read prose passages, completed the writing tasks, and responded to the three measures of learning. A coding scheme for analyzing composing aloud protocols was developed to investigate how the three writing tasks affected writing and learning operations. Results indicated significant gains in passage-specific knowledge for essay writing. Differing profiles of writing process scores for the three writing tasks indicated that with notetaking and answering study questions information in the prose passages remained isolated and detached. Essay writing enabled the students to integrate elements of the prose passages into their knowledge of the topic. Recent studies of writing in the secondary school indicate that content area teachers have a restricted notion of the role of writing in learning content area information (Applebee, 1981). While the use of writing to evaluate what students already know certainly has a place in instruction, extensive use of such a practice can make writing merely a matter of slotting information into a given form. Consequently, the quality of writing may decline and the exploration of new ideas may be short-circuited. Different writing tasks may involve students in thinking about the content in different ways and thereby lead to different kinds of topic learning. It was this issue of learning from writing that this study explored. In order to demonstrate the effects of contrasting uses of writing on composing and learning, the present study examines mechanical uses of writing (answering study questions) in contrast to writing that requires limited composing that is done primarily for the writer (notetaking) and to writing that requires production of coherent text that must be intelligible to a reader (analytical essay). This paper is part of the author's doctoral dissertation, and considerable thanks are due to Arthur Applebee, Judith Langer, Robert Politzer, and David King. The author also acknowledges the helpful comments of Peter Winograd and the anonymous reviewers for RTE in the preparation of this manuscript. Research in the Teaching of English, Vol. 18, No. 3, October 1984


Urbanization is one of the main trends of socio-economic development of China.Taking the healthy,active,and harmonious urbanization path is the intrinsic requirement to carry out the Scientific View of Development.From the angle of coordinated urban social and economic development,and through the examination on megacities,this paper defines the traditional urbanization mode as "exclusive" urbanization and analyzes its main performance,results,and causes.On such a basis,the paper puts forward the development path of implementing inclusive urbanization in the future and the relevant policy suggestions.


Phenomenological modeling on the thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) plates with two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) is presented in this paper. Two important characteristics of SMA materials as sensors or actuators; the thermal responses and the transformation accompanied deformation; are described by the proposed models. The latent heat effect during transformation is approximately expressed by an apparent specific heat as a function of transformation temperatures. The transformation-induced deformation of SMA plates is described by newly defined transformation expansion coefficients, based on the physical understanding of the mechanism of TWSME. The proposed model is verified by the comparison between numerical simulation and experiments on the thermomechanical behavior of SMA plates.


Social discussions, academic debates and increased media attention to the 'sexualisation' of adolescents, particularly of teenage girls, have been ubiquitous in Western countries over the past two decades. Since the turn of the century, 'hypersexualisation' has been much discussed in Quebec media. This article frames hypersexualisation as a discourse and analyses the articulations between some of its major components, namely the definition of the endangered and redeemable adolescent subject and the presence of a failure narrative pertaining to historically specific emancipatory ideals. By doing so, it reveals the ways in which discussions about adolescent sexuality in Quebec can contribute to boundary mapping in a globalised context.


The article considers possible techniques and methods aimed at improving the principle of encouraging the acquisition of Russian citizenship, and also raises the question of the application of unique different iated measures by the government in relation to citizens of different states aimed at encouraging the acquisition of citizenship of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is highlighted by the high interest of the state in increasing the population returning of the highly qualified compatriots to their homeland. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current state of the principle of encouraging the acquisition of Russian citizenship. The study is based on general scientific and special legal methods. As a result of the research, the author concludes that for the comprehensive development of the Institute of citizenship in modern Russia, there is an increasing need for a detailed study of additional incentive measures aimed at developing the principle of encouraging the acquisition of Russian citizenship.


This paper presents some of the initial findings of a study on the incidence of post-neonatal sudden unexplained death. The methods of study included the development of broad criteria for screening death certificates; development of a list of suspected deaths; confirmation of deaths by coroner-medical examiners in California; classification of cases; comparison of diagnostic verification according to cause and place of death; and cohort analysis of the data according to relevant factors antecedent to death. Among the 1968 California live birth cohort (a total of 339221) 719 infants died according to the screening criteria during the post-neonatal period. Of these 75.9% were confirmed as post-neonatal sudden unexplained death. The rate of sudden post-neonatal death is 1.55/1000 live births with a peak rate between 1 and 3 months and a seasonsl distribution of high rates in the early winter. The death rate is higher for black and American Indian infants than for whites and higher among male infants than female infants. However the excess in male-to-female death rate observed in California is not consistent among all races. Death rates are high among infants born of plural births those born to mothers less than 20 years of age and those with low birth weight. Other factors associated with post-neonatal sudden unexplained death are duration of prenatal care legitimacy of birth and occupation of father. Finally among all causes of death assignments the categories of "ill-defined" "unknown" interstitial pneumonitis or thymic hyperplasia are most likely to be classified later as sudden unexplained death as compared with the other common causes recorded such as bronchopneumonia pulmonary congestion or edema. (authors)


Yin et al. in China confirm the association between glaucoma and retinal vein occlusion, with primary angleclosure glaucoma increasing risk of CRVO fivefold. Lang et al. in USA and Italy conclude that vascular dysfunction likely results from changes in metabolic demand due to death of photoreceptors in the retina. Xu et al. in China suggest that individuals with glaucoma may have an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.


In this tissue culture experiment,bulbs of Zantedeschia hybrida 'Ning Meng' were used as explants.The results showed that the best time of 0.2% HgCl2 disinfectant was 15 min.and the best calli induction medium was MS+1.0~2.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1~0.2 mg/L NAA.The calli would grow into cluster buds in the medium of MS + 0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,and the buds grew well with new callus proliferation.The rooting rate was 100% in the medium of MS+0.1 mg/L IBA.


"This bulletin is written to answer inquiries, largely from swine owners who slaughter hogs on their farms and find evidence of infestation with parasites. From the descriptions and illustrations readers should be able to identify most of the common parasites" -- p. ii. Parasites discussed include protozoa, flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms. The effects of these parasites as well as control measures and treatments are discussed.


Child characters, which had long been limited to pictures of purity and innocence in romantic novels, undergo a dramatic change of status in naturalist novels. Late 19th century writers, inspired by recent research on the theories of heredity, treaties on the influence of environment and child psychology studies, offer portraits of young heroes that are far from the stereotypical ingenuousness they embodied until then. Zola, in The Experimental Novel published in 1880, creates a new literature based on the scientific model developed by Claude Bernard in The Experimental Method. The influence of this literary modernity in Spain explains the interest of Spanish novelists in this new writing that analyses child characters like clinical cases. Children are studied with scientific thoroughness in novels that for the first time reveal the unspeakable by transgressing many taboos.


This research is about an attempt to evaluate the effect of water contents towards the packaging properties of paper made from coconut coir, which was being processed manually through beating times method. The purpose of this investigation is to relate the composition of coconut fibre and water content with the tensile strength and tear factor. The composition starts from sample A, which has 90% of water and 10% of coconut fibre. The sample continues with 10% decreasing content of water and 10% increment of coconut coir. Base on tensile test and tear test results, graphs were plotted and it shows sample D, with 60% of water and 40% of coconut coir has produced the highest tensile strength, breaking length and tensile index, with the value of 1020.6 N/m, 422.8 m and 4.1450 Nm/g respectively. On the other hand, sample A produced the highest tear factor, with the value of 92.7 g/mm2. As a conclusion, these packaging properties are good enough to become guidance in paper manufacturing industry, as well as to support the application of coconut coir fibre as an alternative packaging material in the future.


Inflammation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple index of systemic inflammatory response, and has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between NLR and clinicopathological features in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.


Base-metal late Hercynian vein and stratabound-type deposits occur in the Linares-La Carolina mining district (Sierra Morena, Spain). No other ore deposits than iron beds and a supergene iron-manganese karst-related deposit were found in the studied area. However, Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian rocks show Ni, Zn, Pb content above the average values of sandstones. Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian country rocks are grouped into two stratigraphical sequences that reflect sea-level rise-fall cycles in a basin developed in a passive margin. The duration of these cycles indicates that they were caused by a combination of eustatic processes and intraplate extensional tectonics. The Late Hercynian hydrothermal deposits hosted by metasediments and granitoids, comprise (Ba)-(Pb-Zn-Cu- [Ag]) vein and stratabound type deposits that were emplaced before the Ladinian, during an extensional stage starting in the Upper Permian. Three stages of ore deposition have been recognised, the first stage is characterised by the formation of pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, Ag sulphosalts and minor arsenopyrite and Bi sulphides. In the second stage, pyrite, Cu sulphides, barite and Ni-Co mineral s precipitated. Main deposition of galena and sphalerite took place at the end of the first stage and the beginning of the second stage. There is no evidence of selective Ag enrichment. Hydrothermal alteration of granitic host rocks is characterised by argillic-phyllic, argillic-propylitic assemblages overprinted by a late alkai metasomatism. There is a strong relation between composition of secondary minerals, mineralogy of the alteration zone and whole-rock composition. Mass transfers of alumina appear to be important. There is a significant introduction of Si, AI, K, Na, Rb and Pb, together with a depletion in Ca and Sr. Chlorite and illite geothermometers indicate temperatures of 276.7-321.5 ·C. Three events of fluid entrapment at hydrostatic pressures have been recognised, with fluids evolved from low to moderate, locally carbonaceous hot fluids to highmoderately polysaline cooler fluids. Ore-lead was derived from Palaeozoic U-'enriched' country rocks, although some participation from the Hercynian granitoids can not be ruled out. The distribution of sulphur isotopes is not homogeneous in the scale of the district. Differences exist between those deposits at the El Centenillo-Santa Elena sector (where the dominant process was the mixing of 'magmatic'-derived sulphur and sulphur derived from the metasediments) and those occurrences at the Linares-La Carolina sector (where the dominant sulphur was 'magmatic'-derived).


Department of Electronics and computer science, Dr.B.A.M. University, Aurangabad-431004(M.S.), India(Received February 20, 2001) . aniline-dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO) aniline-dimethylformamide(DMF) dielectric rel-axation 10 MHz-10 GHZ        TimeDomain Reflectometry(TDR)   ! !# " . dielectric parameter ( %&' $ , *+ ) ,Kirkwood , , &'( - , - *+ ) ,  /% . parameter 01 23  45 .  6$73   :; 89   !# . dielectric parameter 0   @ ?! A B C5 .ABSTRACT. The dielectric relaxation study for aniline-dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and aniline-dim-ethylformamide(DMF) has been carried out using the Time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique, at differenttemperature and concentrations, in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz. The dielectric parameters viz.static permittivity, relaxation time, the Kirkwood correlation factor, excess permittivity, excess inverse relaxationtime and thermodynamic parameters have been obtained. The calibration method based on least squares fitmethod has been used. The dielectric parameters show systematic change with temperature and concentrations.


. Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) plays a critical role in many areas of science and engineering applications. The storage space of value array in general real sparse matrices accounts for costly. However, the existing compressed formats cannot balance the compressed rate and computational speed. To address this issue, we propose an efficient value compression format implemented by AVX512 instructions called Compressed Sparse Row and Repetition Value (CSR&RV). This format stores each different value once and uses the indexes array to store the position of values, which reduces the storage space by compressing the value array. We conduct a series of experiments on an Intel Xeon pro-cessor and compare it with five other formats in 30 real-world matrices. Experimental results show that CSR&RV can achieve a speedup up to 3.86 × (1.66 × on average) and a speedup up to 12.42 × (3.12 × on average) for single-core and multi-core throughput, respectively. Meanwhile, our format can reduce the memory space by 48.57% on average. We conduct a series of experiments on an Intel Xeon CPU and compare it with five state-of-art formats in 30 real-world sparse matrices. The experimental results


. The article is devoted to the problem of foreign language from the standpoint of psychology, pedagogy and teaching methods. This problem will be mainly considered in forming communicative competency in reading specialty literature. It should be regarded that motivation is also a method of learning and the object of education. For the learning process, the motivation is the students' orientation to various aspects of learning activity. Therefore, a complex of different impulses creates different types of motivation for students' learning activities. The complex notions should include needs, motives, goals, interests and emotions. Each teacher should apply such a general pedagogical method, called "the method of reasoned encouragement". It is based on the ability of the teacher to notice not only the significant success of the student but also the minor one. Interest in learning is brought up through the content of educational material, increasing educational activities within the framework of problem-based learning, and actual practical tasks corresponding to communicative needs. In the article, several aspects of motivation, as well as through the development of the motivational sphere of the student's personality and its components, were determined and set, such as motives, goals, and emotions.


Introduction: Thalassemia can be classified into alpha and beta depending on the reduced synthesis of alpha or beta chains present in hemoglobin (Hb),1 that results in reduced hemoglobin in body than normal. Aims: Aims at signifing the importance of timely dental treatment in Beta thalassemia patients. Case Report: Here we present a known case of beta thalassemia minor requiring a full mouth rehabilitation treatment performed dental chair-side. Discussion: Thalassemia minor patients inherit only a single beta-globin mutation and have a mild anemia.2 The evaluated predominance of β-thalassemia minor (carriers) in India is 3-8%, which transforms to 35-45 million carriers in 1.3 billion diverse population with culturally and linguistically multi-ethnic people.3. Conclusion: Several ethnic groups have a much higher prevalence of 4–17%.4 The Beta thalassemia minor cases usually go undetected and are often observed in tests for dental treatment or post-dental treatment.


The contents of pigments including chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in the leaves of four color-leaved plants such as Prunus×Cistena 'Pissardii',Prunus×Bliriana 'Meirenmei',Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple' and Malus spectabilis 'Hongbaoshi' had been determined by using spectrophotometry.The results showed that all kinds of contents of pigments in the leaves of Prunus×Cistena 'Pissardii' were highest.The ratio of chlorophyll a/b of four color-leaved plants was lower than 3∶1.The anthocyanin content from high to low in turn was Prunus×Cistena 'Pissardii',Prunus×Bliriana 'MeiRenMei',C.coggygria 'Royal Purple' and M.spectabilis s 'Hongbaoshi' and the anthocyanin took a leading role in color emerging of the purple(red)-leaved plants.


The aim of the survey is to summarize and assess a number of studies that examined the clinical and metabolic effects of aminophosphonates, particularly dimephosphon, which possess antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects. This paper presents a differential effect of dimephosphon on cell membrane functional activity as well as on structural features of platelet membrane as a model of smooth muscle cell in combined therapy in children with different clinical varieties of sick sinus syndrome.


Stalnaker introduced a combined epistemic-doxastic logic that can formally express a strong concept of belief, a concept which captures the 'epistemic possibility of knowledge'. In this paper we first provide the most general extensional semantics for this concept of 'strong belief', which validates the principles of Stalnaker's epistemic-doxastic logic. We show that this general extensional semantics is a topological semantics, based on so-called extremally disconnected topological spaces. It extends the standard topological interpretation of knowledge (as the interior operator) with a new topological semantics for belief. Formally, our belief modality is interpreted as the 'closure of the interior'. We further prove that in this semantics the logic KD45 is sound and complete with respect to the class of extremally disconnected spaces and we compare our approach to a different topological setting in which belief is interpreted in terms of the derived set operator. In the second part of the paper we study (static) belief revision as well as belief dynamics by providing a topological semantics for conditional belief and belief update modalities, respectively. Our investigation of dynamic belief change, is based on hereditarily extremally disconnected spaces. The logic of belief KD45 is sound and complete with respect to the class of hereditarily extremally disconnected spaces (under our proposed semantics), while the logic of knowledge is required to be S4.3. Finally, we provide a complete axiomatization of the logic of conditional belief and knowledge, as well as a complete axiomatization of the corresponding dynamic logic.


Michael Shepherd, the founding editor of this journal, died suddenly in late August, bringing an end to an era in British psychiatry. He was a man of massive erudition and a sharp, sardonic wit. He established epidemiological psychiatry and trained numerous workers in this country and abroad. His own contributions to epidemiological psychiatry were substantial, and his activity as an editor of books relating to the history of psychiatry, and in making works of European psychiatrists familiar to monoglot English readers were of great value. Michael's grandparents came from Russia, and his father was born in the Swansea Valley, where he worked in the glass business. His father was a straightforward, simple man who was not ambitious for his eldest son; but always pleased and proud of Michael's achievements. He was among the top two or three boys of his year at Cardiff High School, equally at home in the arts and the sciences, and with a gift for languages that was to stand him in good stead in later life. He studied medicine at Oxford, where he soon established himself in a new academic environment. His dissecting partner remembers him as intensely humorous, always sceptical about received truths and with a sardonic approach to authority. In his vacations he toured Europe with a rucksack and soon became fluent in French, Italian and German. He was keenly interested in pictures and music, and was able to amuse a roomful of friends by impersonating mutual acquaintances. Another life-long trait was also apparent at this stage: he would quiz his friends about their lives and show a genuine interest, yet he was guarded about his own affairs. Two other very important events occurred at Oxford: he met his future wife Margaret and he came under the influence of John Ryle. His marriage was a close and happy one, and he was a devoted father and family man. He spent much time working at home and had very wide interests: art in all its forms, literature of all kinds, sport and classical music. Biographies formed one of the few bridges between his private and professional lives; the best case histories were to be found in literature. His wife protected him from daily domestic stresses, and her death, in 1992, after a protracted illness was a savage blow. He leaves behind two sons, two daughters and two grandchildren. From John Ryle first professor of social medicine at Oxford he learned of the importance of social factors in human disease. Having demonstrated a case of cardiac asthma, Ryle described his own experience of anginal pain, and then asked the young Michael Shepherd how he thought the patient was going to cope with her disability at home. Michael having admitted his ignorance, Ryle suggested that he visit the patient at home. 'Shortly afterwards I found myself on a Saturday afternoon cycling along a sidestreet in Cowley to learn something of the socio-medical significance of cardiac invalidism. Though obviously puzzled by the purpose of my visit that patient was clearly glad to see me. As I took my leave she asked me to convey her thanks to " the other doctor... I shall never forget his kind words'". Ryle was undoubtedly a key influence on Michael: without him it is doubtful whether he would have become our first professor of epidemiological psychiatry. It is of interest that he was an avid reader of psycho-analytical texts before he went to Oxford, but his time at medical school modified his interests. He went on, in the early 1950s, to train in psychiatry under Aubrey Lewis. Lewis, who had filled the Maudsley with a rich assortment of diverse psychiatrists, was a major influence on Michael Shepherd. Michael set himself the task of studying the pattern of psychotic illness in the County of Buckinghamshire during two periods, 1931-3 and 1945—7. He was later to show that the major movement of the hospital population in


The rapid entry into the human life of information technology is constantly making changes in the socio-cultural environment. The traditional ideas about the role and place of cultural and educational institutions in the life of a modern person are changing, their purpose, functions and the list of services they provide. This is all reflected in the tourism sector, both in general and in the formation of excursion programs. Museums at different times performed very different, sometimes deeply conflicting functions. Now the process of their evolution is on the path to finding new cultural paradigms and is characterized by the creation of a new sociocultural institution.1 The importance of updating museums through the creation of open cultural and educational sites is enhanced by rapid processes to transform society, and in many respects it depends not only on modern technical equipment, updating expositions, strengthening the material base, but also on professional development of both museum staff and guides. That is, the readiness of the personnel of these institutions to use new principles of interaction in working with visitors, including guests from other countries.


Abstract Ancient Athenian women worked in industries ranging from woolworking and food sales to metalworking and medicine; Socrates' mother was a midwife. The argument for the inclusion of women in the guardian class must be read in light of this historical reality, not least because it allows us retain an important manuscript reading and construe the passage as relying on an inductive generalization rather than a possibly circular argument. Ultimately, Plato fails to fully capitalize on the resources he has for a more egalitarian conclusion than the one he settles on, which regards women as "lesser than" yet "similar to" men.


Combined with the general project situation of swivel T structure span line bridge of spanning the Jing-Guang railway of Zhang-Shi freeway,it introduces the construction process and construction technology of the swivel structure of the bridge,and puts forward the problems should attention in the construction of swiveling,ball socket and the upper swiveling,this supplies reference to the construction of similar bridge.


Problem Although the Adventist Church upholds the importance of a Christlike and stable marriage, the Italian Union historically never developed a systematic and comprehensive approach to both premarital counseling and enrichment programs for married couples, whose preparation is aleatory and depends on both/either the pastor's approach and/or the couple's request. The results could be a weakening of both marital stability and marital satisfaction. We assume that the root problem is a naïve understanding of marriage which causes couples to put more effort into preparing for the wedding day rather than for the marital journey. Method An action research intervention was designed and applied in the Italian Union between the summer and autumn of 2022, according to the model suggested by Stringer and Aragón (2021). Several groups of stakeholders—church administrators, pastors, and psychologists certified in Prepare/Enrich, and couples who took the Prepare/Enrich assessment—totaling 30 participants, were involved in a participative construction of new knowledge and practice. Data was evaluated using qualitative methods. Data came from reflective journals written by ten pastors, as co-researchers in the intervention; interview transcriptions from all stakeholders participants; and focus groups with the abovementioned co-researchers pastors. Based on close readings and analysis of the journals and interview transcripts, the data were arranged and examined using the NVivo 1.0 software program. For the first coding cycle (Saldaña 2021), I used values, emotion, and process coding (Saldaña 2014). Results Data analysis and data reflection identified some key issues, as reported in the Participated Written Report, which is the conjoint elaboration for planning future actions (see Appendix G). The co-researchers pastors—as primary stakeholders—became aware of several vulnerabilities in the premarital education approach in the Italian Union and suggested some specific strategic actions. The co-researchers expressed appreciation for the Prepare/Enrich assessment tool but considered it paramount to create a pastoral culture of premarital education where all the involved stakeholders should be more effective: the Seminary should take to heart the urgency of training the new generations of pastors in the premarital education field; the Italian Union is invited to develop more effective protocols for continuous education in premarital education and certification as Prepare/Enrich facilitators of new pastors; pastors are invited to create a network with other professionals to share challenges encountered in premarital education, and learn from each other; couples who took the Prepare/Enrich assessment are welcomed to provide testimonials to other young couples, according to the practice of peer-education intervention. Conclusions The action research methodology allowed us to train pastors while they were also co-researching with the lead researcher. For the lead researcher, this approach had the advantage of being seen as one member among others, and all together in agreement towards a collective journey to produce transformative knowledge. Consequently, the results of this project—as defined in the Statement of the Task—and its relative plans were disseminated as a collective project—because of its local-centered approach—rather than as a top-down institutional program.


We report dynamic self-assembly utilizing boronic ester formation with special emphasis on the following six points:  (1) two kinds of host molecule are constructed spontaneously with benzene or toluene as the guest molecule under neutral conditions simply by mixing a di(boronic acid) and a bis(1,2-diol) in methanol; (2) the precipitation process is essential for this selective preparation of host molecules; (3) recognition of the enantiomers of bis(1,2-diol) is achieved during host formation in this system; (4) it is possible to freeze or free the conversion between the two host molecules, thus enabling formation of complexes that cannot be prepared under thermodynamic conditions typical for such self-assembly; (5) naphthalene and triphenylene are even more efficient guest molecules in this system; and (6) almost complete separation of naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene is achieved utilizing this guest-induced precipitation process.


The IMF published in April 2018 the book Advancing the Frontiers of Monetary Policy written by its experts and edited by Tobias Adrian, Douglas Laxton and Maurice Obstfeld, providing a rare chance to learn the views of people who could be called the architects of inflation targeting. The book deals with practical issues of using this monetary policy regime which has quickly gained wide acceptance and is currently employed by central banks of most countries in the world. Some issues of inflation targeting policy further improvements brought up in the book are also relevant to Russia.


The Port of Felixstowe was facing an operational crisis in 1981. Following rapid growth in the preceding years, throughput had reached over half a million twenty foot equivalent units (TEU). Increased throughput could only be achieved with either more land or increased efficiency. As land was limited, management decided to streamline certain processes and procedures that were causing delays to the movement of goods.


Summary Currently, there are three schemes to explain the coagulation of blood, each representing an attempt to unravel the complex process. The lack of agreement can be attributed, first, to the experimental approaches and, secondly, to the objective. To evaluate accurately the reliability of the various methods employed in isolating clotting factors and in studying their properties would require the wisdom of Solomon. While both the cascade sequence theory and Seegers' approach have as their main aim to study the chemistry of blood coagulation, the primary objective of the expanded classical theory is to serve diagnostically. The final goal - the correlation of blood coagulation and hemostasis - can only come clinically. The more clearly the chemistry of the coagulation mechanism is understood and the more accurate the diagnosis, the better will be the prospect of approaching successfully the problem of hemostasis.


The modelling of part connections essentially determine th e quality of simulation results in Finite Element (FE) analysis. On the other hand modeling of connection details i s sometimes complex and time consuming. Hence, analysts want to have simplified models for various connection s giving satisfactory simulation results. Consequently, part connection is a typical FE modeling feature in the area o f tension between modelling effort and result quality. Because the past years saw a growing use of automatic optimiz a on to improve part behavior, part connections have to be included in the optimization process, too. This re sults in extended capabilities for the design of parts and assemblies.


The title is taken from the Tate Board Minutes in 1929, where it was suggested that such a woman might offer to make a subject catalogue and new card index 'without pecuniary remuneration'. It sums up the approach taken to the early development of the library within the gallery setting. The library's position has always been determined by the Tate's fortunes and reliant on the support of directors whose agendas were broader than the provision of a research library. This article, which is condensed from an MA dissertation, demonstrates how these varying agendas have affected the resources that have been available to the library and the corresponding effects on its collection and culture.


In the Dognecea Lake, near town Bocsa in Caras-Severin county a strong bivalve population has been discovered from the duck mussel specie (Anodonta anatina). Harvested individuals were transported to the Aquaculture laboratory where measurements and correct identification was made. This specie is considered endangered but in Banat area, especially in the Dognecea Lake it is well represented, having an ecological importance, but the bivalve can have an economical importance too, due to the high percentage of edible part of 56.5%.


This review's primary objective is to identify research examining the impact of rest breaks uponaccident risk in industrial settings. In the absence of much directly relevant research, the focus isbroadened to consider the impact of rest breaks upon performance and fatige, as well asepidemioogical evidence, in both transport and non-transport settings. Relevant studies are identifiedfrom a range of electronic sources. In general, regular rest breaks can be an effective means ofmaintaining performance, managing fatigue and controlling the accumulation of risk over prolongedtask perfonmance. While two-hourly breaks are common in many industrial settings, the scheduling ofadditional micro-breaks can be beneficial under at least some circumstances. While some evidencesupports allowing workers to take rest breaks that coincide with periods of heightened fatigue,workers sometims fail to take adequate breaks when they are needed. There is little hard evidenceconcerning the optimun length of rest breaks (other than for heavy physical work), or to support thecontention that increased rest-breaks can off-set the negative inpact of extending shift durations, or tosuggest that rest breaks counteract the neptive impacts of circadian variations in alertness, unless theyinvolve taking a nap or caffeine. The scarcity of epidemiological evidence in this area highlights theneed for more research.


AVIAN INFLUENZADutch researchers have embarked on a study in which they deliberately infect wild swans with avian influenza to study the effects on bird migration and viral spread. The experiment has triggered consternation among poultry farmers and bird lovers, who worry that the virus could infect poultry or threaten wild birds.


The influence function of the covariance matrix is decomposed into a finite number of components. This decomposition provides a useful tool to develop efficient methods for computing empirical influence curves related to various multivariate methods. It can also be used to characterize multivariate methods from the sensitivity perspective. A numerical example is given to demonstrate efficient computing and to characterize some procedures of exploratory factor analysis.


The Common European Asylum System is occasionally referred to as a "lottery of protection".2 This allegory points to considerable divergences in refugee recognition rates among EU States, which can hardly be explained by the mere peculiarities of individual cases. During the period between January and September 2015, for instance, the recognition rates for asylum seekers from Afghanistan varied from almost 100% in Italy to 5.88% in Bulgaria (Eurostat). Countries also varied in the type of status they granted to asylum seekers. Data from the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) for the 2nd quarter of 2015 revealed that some countries awarded refugee status to almost all Syrian nationals, such as Germany (99%), Greece (98%) and Bulgaria (85%); whereas others primarily awarded the status of subsidiary protection, such as Malta (100%), Sweden (89%), Hungary (83%) and the Czech Republic (80%) (European Commission 2016a, Fn 12). There are two important differences in the way that these two statuses affect the rights of the status-bearers. First, each status impacts the right of status-bearers to remain in the country of refuge. Second, they affect the range of rights that status-bearers may enjoy while living in the host country.


In the most recent period in Russia, Non-Commercial Organisations have started shifting to the centre of attention, becoming newsmakers in their own right. However, with closer examination it appears these developments do not conform to the evolution of civil society in other countries. This article examines the specific conditions of NPOs in Russia through the discourse of postmodernism. Data is analysed from the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights over the year 2004, including key media material from this period. One of the proposed criteria for measuring activity of NPOs was their rejection of violence. One key issue that is emerging is the presence of groups who position themselves as NGOs and attempt to receive funding for their activities but who, in actual fact, are not genuine NGOs but are in bed with the state. The results reveal a special uniqueness in the activities of Russian GONGOs (State Organized Non-Commercial Organizations). These GONGOs demonstrated a willingness to utilize the 'technology of violence' to achieve the goals of their organizations. On the one hand, this is driven by a kind of 'political business', using state support to create social benefits that then will accrue to the founders of the GONGO. On the other hand, these organizational arrangements resemble closely many Soviet models, and thus show continuity. The aggressive, street actions of these GONGOs distinguish the Post-Soviet space from other experiences. The author concludes that it is precisely these GONGOs that require the special attention of academics, as they stand out from the characteristics of other NGOs across the world and have the greatest potential to change Russian society. Despite much rhetoric to the contrary, Russia remains a closed society given the fact that the second sector and the third sector of the economy are still controlled by the state. In many ways, it appears the state can use NGOs as a simulator in place of actual freedom, neutering civic organizations and leaving them easier to control.


Efficient skill acquisition, representation, and online adaptation to different scenarios has become of fundamental importance for assistive robotic applications. In the past decade, dynamical systems (DS) have arisen as a flexible and robust tool to represent learned skills and to generate motion trajectories. This work presents a novel approach to incrementally modify the dynamics of a generic autonomous DS when new demonstrations of a task are provided. A control input is learned from demonstrations to modify the trajectory of the system while preserving the stability properties of the reshaped DS. Learning is performed incrementally through Gaussian process regression, increasing the robot's knowledge of the skill every time a new demonstration is provided. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated with experiments on a publicly available dataset of complex motions.


Bacteriolytic enzymes are promising antibacterial agents, but they can cause a typical immune response in vivo. In this study, we used a targeted modification of two antibacterial endolysins, Pal and Cpl-1. We identified the key immunogenic amino-acids, and designed and tested new, bacteriolytic variants with altered immunogenicity. One new variant of Pal (257-259 MKS → TFG) demonstrated decreased immunogenicity while a similar mutant (257-259 MKS → TFK) demonstrated increased immunogenicity. A third variant (280-282 DKP → GGA) demonstrated significantly increased antibacterial activity and it was not cross-neutralized by antibodies induced by the wild-type enzyme. We propose this variant as a new engineered endolysin with increased antibacterial activity that is capable of escaping cross-neutralization by antibodies induced by wild-type Pal. We show that efficient antibacterial enzymes that avoid cross-neutralization by IgG can be developed by epitope scanning, in silico modelling, and substitutions of identified key amino acids with a high rate of success. Importantly, this universal approach can be applied to many proteins beyond endolysins and has the potential for design of numerous biological drugs.


After 11 years of international assistance the police in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) still struggle to perform their duties effectively and impartially against a backdrop of nationalist party politics and ethnic divisions. Responsiveness and accountability are critical factors for the success of democratic policing but become problematic where the police are confronted with conflicting demands and nationalist agendas. This article takes a closer look at internationally driven measures to strengthen the police, build public confidence and reduce political interference. They include the introduction of Police Commissioners/Directors and laws on police, support for non-partisan state-level institutions and Police Restructuring. Other measures have sought to engender public trust by addressing misconduct and strengthening police–community relations. Attempts to foster the law enforcement capacity of the police have been quite successful, but they are still held hostage by their political context and the wider debate on the national cohesion of BiH.


Teledyne's H2RG focal plane arrays have been widely used in scientific infrared and visible instruments for ground-based and space-based telescopes. The majority of applications use the H2RG with 2.5 micron cutoff HgCdTe detector pixel at an operating temperature of ~77 K (LN2). The exceptionally low dark current of the 2.5 micron H2RG allows for operation at higher temperatures which facilitates simplified instrument designs and therefore lower instrument cost. Performance data of 2.5 micron H2RG arrays at 77K, 100 K, and 120 K are presented and are discussed as a function of detector bias and pixel readout rate. This paper also presents performance data of 1.75 micron and 5.3 micron H2RG focal plane arrays and discusses some of the inherent performance differences compared to 2.5 micron cutoff arrays. A complete infrared camera system that uses the H2RG focal plane array and SIDECAR ASIC focal plane electronics is introduced.


In today's computer world secured digital images are vulnerable to unauthorized access while in storage and during transmission over a network. Streaming digital images also requires high network bandwidth for transmission. In this paper we propose a new approach for data security using the concept of genetic algorithm and EEG with pseudo random binary sequence to encrypt and decrypt the data. To effectively utilize the bandwidth of the network image compression algorithm SPIHT is employed. The scope of this approach provides high data security and feasibility for practical implementation.


The research topic is devoted to Islam inherent in the Kazakh people and its relationship with traditions. The goal is to identify the elements of Islam characteristic of the traditions of the Kazakh people. The main idea of scientific research is to discourage some people who, after independence, on their own initiative, receive religious education abroad and express opinions against customs and traditions. The article focuses on the fact that there is no need to nullify the foundations of national identification that have evolved over the centuries. The concepts of innovation (bid'a) and polytheism (shirk) in religion are explained. It is also said about the groundlessness of accepting purely religious peculiarities and the rejection of such traditions as: a beta ball, a greeting for a daughter-in-law, a blessing, and one cannot alienate one's own culture. In conclusion: Islam strongly influenced the worldview and was able to merge with the customs and traditions of the Kazakh people. The practical purpose of this article is to show the role of Islam and the influence on traditions for young people and the local population in general. The explanation of the topic of the connection of religion and traditions relevant for today's Kazakh society with the help of illustrative examples can be called the value of the article.Key words: nationality, tradition, custom, interrelation, Islam, religion, Kazakh.


Alkaline solution of a rare earth (RE) and some northern mixed and heating method of rare-earth ore are used in preparation for a new type of alkaline RE coagulant. Utilize a single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment to decide the best of preparation conditions. Take the coking wastewater for example, comparision with the usual coagulant PFS and PAFC in coagulation test. Experiments show that alkaline earth coagulant coagulation is obvious better than polymerization ferrous sulfate (PFS) and polymerization ferrum aluminum coagulant (PFAC) and has high turbidity removal efficiency, fast flocs formation speed, good performance and other settlement characteristics.


Augmented reality is currently a very interesting technology due to the possibility of wide use on various affordable devices and at the same time high engagement and motivation potential for the user. These features are especially important in the educational field. As the number of developed prototypes in this area is rapidly increasing, only a limited part of them considers the implementation of accessibility, although accessibility is strongly required especially in educational solutions. The paper presents accessible mobile application for learning about geometry, specifically about geometry bodies, and this topic is often a challenge for children with learning difficulties. In addition to the accessibility option implemented, the actual design of the best-known universal design principles within the application is described, as accessibility relies heavily on them. The results of the application evaluation are presented, leading to the conclusion that this and future AR software solutions have great potential to be included in the curriculum as a tool for inclusive education, but only if the concept of accessibility is properly understood applied.


Objective: To describe and compare the doctor-patient communication referred to the verbal behavior of the female patients vs. males in the family medicine consultation.
Participants and Methods: Secondary analysis of existing dataset coded to explore patient-clinician verbal communication during ambulatory visits in a family medicine office in a health Centre in Toledo (Spain) was carried out. The audio recording of the consultations and verbal content analysis of the interviews, based on the identification of 6 categories of classification of behaviors of the interaction process (Proposing, Supporting/ Agreeing, Disagreeing, Giving Information, Seeking Information, and Building) was performed. A convenience sample was carried out. Other variables included were age, sex and duration of the consultation in minutes. Triangulation between different evaluators, and methodological (qualitative and quantitative) was used as a technique to control the reliability and biases. Once the qualitative study is completed, the results of the number of behaviors in the total of triadic and dyadic consultations were presented in a quantitative way (Frequencies: No, %). The bivariate comparisons were performed using the test of Chi squared and exact probability Fischer.
Results: 20 consultations were included in the analysis. In interviews with women vs. males, differed only in showing more "Supporting" (39% and 29%, respectively; p=0.05), and less "Disagreement" (3% and 11% respectively; p<0.05). There were no differences in the verbal behaviors of the physician in the consultations with female vs. male patients. There were also no differences in the duration of the consultation among female patients vs. males (7': rank: 3'-15' vs. 7'; rank: 4'-12').
Conclusion: The verbal behavior in interview in the family medicine consultation with female patients vs. males shows only small differences. Neither men are of Mars nor the women of Venus; may be men are from North Dakota and women from South Dakota.


Upon photoexcitation, a majority of quadrupolar dyes, developed for large two-photon absorption, undergo excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) and behave as dipolar molecules. We investigate how the change of quadrupole moment upon S 1  <- S 0  excitation, Δ Q , influences the propensity of a dye to undergo ES-SB using a series of molecules with a A -π- D -π- A motif where D is the exceptionally electron-rich pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and A are accepting groups. Tuning of Δ Q is achieved by appending a secondary acceptor group, A' , on both sides of the D core and ES-SB is monitored using a combination of time-resolved IR and broadband fluorescence spectroscopy. The results reveal a clear correlation between Δ Q and the tendency to undergo ES-SB. When A is a stronger acceptor than A' , ES-SB occurs already in non-dipolar but quadrupolar solvents. When A and A' are identical, ES-SB is only partial even in highly dipolar solvents. When A is a weaker acceptor than A' , the orientation of Δ Q changes, ES-SB is observed in dipolar solvents only and involves major redistribution of the excitation over the D -π- A  and D - A' branches of the dye.


The paper examined the use of Information Retrieval Tools (IRTs) by the post graduate students of selected universities in south western Nigeria. The study made use of descriptive survey and was carried out over a period of four months between January and May, 2012. The sample size comprise of 2,100 postgraduate students which were randomly selected from different faculties and served with copies of questionnaire. A total of 1,923 copies of useable questionnaire were retrieved which represents 91.6% response rate. The responses were collated and analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages. The outcome shows that respondents make use of IRTs for various purposes and that their university library's user education and information literacy programme forms the main source of their knowledge of IRTs' usage. This shows that their university libraries plays major role in assisting the respondents to make use of IRTs. Other findings show that the main IRTs made use of by the respondents is the Internet Search Engines. Other findings of the study also revealed that the use of the tools has impacted positively on their social and academic life and also broaden their global knowledge of diverse issues.  The major constraint to their use of the tools is that of Internet fluctuations. The paper concludes with recommendations on the need to give training on the use of IRTs to students especially library-based ones. Keywords: Information retrieval tools, Information retrieval, postgraduate students, use of information retrieval tools.


This research aimed to describe pronunciation error and correct pronunciation in English consonants and vowels by the participants on Phonology subject.  The data were from the fourth semester students of English education study program. Furthermore, all of the students that participated there were 12 students. This research applied a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The data of this research was collected by test and documentation. To conduct the test, the researcher chose minimal pair words which are focused on thirteen English consonant sounds: /ð/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /f/, /v/, /k/, /g/, /ʔ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, and /h/.  Then, nine vowel sounds, there were : /iː/, /ɪ/, /e/, /o/, /ɔː/, /eɪ/, /ɑː/, /әʊ/, and /æ/. Additionally, the documents consisted of students' voice such as audio recorded. The research finding were analyzed how many of them who made error in pronouncing the minimal pairs words. There were 3 steps in analyzing data, such as data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. For the result of this research, it shows that the dominant pronunciation errors made by the fourth students semester was in English consonant sounds /s/ and /z/. The students who made pronunciation error was 91,7%. Whereas, the dominant errors pronunciation of minimal pair words by the participants in vowel sounds were /æ/ and /eɪ/. The students made pronunciation error was 91,7%.Keywords : Pronunciation, minimal pairs.


The orthogonal experiments on greenhouse tomato were conducted to analyze the impact of environmental parameters on input / output.BP neural network model was established,and the data was trained and simulated by MATLAB(matrix laboratory).Through 10-fold cross validation,model achieved the predictive accuracy of 93.7%,in good agreement with the experimental values.BP neural network model is feasible in precision of input / output of tomato.


A method of estimating subject specific muscle parameters of musculoskeletal models of elite athletes (skiers) was sought. Subject specific models are necessary due to large differences in general anatomy and physical performance of elite athletes relative the general population. Sought muscle parameters concern the force generating capabilities of muscles. The estimation was limited to only include the quadriceps-femoris and hamstring muscle groups due to these muscle having the highest influence on the performance of a skier. A modified interpretation of the method proposed by Heinen et al. [19] was implemented. The method includes experimental strength tests of knee extension and flexion muscles of a test subject, a musculoskeletal model of the experiments coupled with a mathematical optimisation minimisation formulation. The aim of the optimisation was to match the strength of a model to the experimentally obtained strength curve by minimising error between the model and experimental results. The optimisation minimises the error between the model and the experimental data by varying the operating range and strength of the involved muscles. The musculo-tendon parameters are estimated through transformation equations, explicitly related to the design variables. Three healty and active males were involved in this study. An overall increase of the accuracy of the optimised model relative an unscaled reference model was observed, with the reduction of the objective function in a range of 80.2-92% and a mean absolute error varying between 6.8 to 16.5 Nm. In the case of quadriceps-femoris muscles, the optimised model struggles with incorrect prediction of the peak torque and peak torque angle due to limitations of the muscle model and the distribution of the moment arm. The model predicts both peak torque and peak torque angle with high accuracy in the case of hamstring muscles. In addition, the model struggles with low precision for both knee extension and flexion for all of the involved test subjects. Although great improvement in the accuracy was observed, the model prediction was deemed to have low clinical significance, due too low accuracy and precision. The clinical significance could be improved, for example by a more detailed musculoskeletal model or by modifying the behaviour of the muscle model. Future work should focus on addressing the current issues presented in this study and a further development, as the method still is relatively new and untested. Parallelly, the researches should try to test the method in clinical studies, in order to evaluate the influence on the results by the implementation of this method of parameter estimation.


The purpose of this is to report an example of the rare developmental anomaly corrected transposition of the great vessels and to discuss the concept of corrected transposition. and to become incorporated in


A discrete-time learning control for robotic manipulators is studied using its pulse transfer function. Firstly, the discrete-time learning stability condition which is applicable to single-input two-outputs systems is derived. Secondly, the stability of the learning algorithm with a position signal is studied. In this case, when the sampling period is small, the algorithm is not stable because of an unstable zero of the system. Thirdly, the stability of the algorithm with position and velocity signals is studied. In this case, we can stabilize the learning control system which is unstable in the case of learning with only the position signal. Finally, simulation results on the trajectory control of robotic manipulators using the discrete-time learning control are shown. The simulation results agree well with the analytical results.


Field-effect transistors (FETs) using charge-transfer (CT)-complex Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were fabricated and their FET characteristics were measured. Four-layer (2 bilayers), 3-layer (a bilayer and a monolayer) and monolayer of Y-type TMPD-CnTCNQ LB films were examined as active layers of the FET. The FET characteristics strongly depended on the number of CT-complex layers. The monolayer FET showed the highest dependence of drain-source current (IDS) on gate voltage (VG) although the film was the least conductive among the three. Elimination of bilayer units, of which the structure is symmetric against the substrate normal, was concluded to be essential for improving the VG dependence. The cutoff frequency of the CT-complex FET was estimated to be 5 Hz.


To evaluate the frequency and clinical features of heart involvement in Fabry disease (FD) and diagnostic value of cardiac MRI and speckle-tracking echocardiography.


Objective:To observe effect of control blood glucose with insulin on prognosis of patients with stress hyperglycemia after cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods: A total of 80 patients without diabetes mellitus,who occurred stress hyperglycemia after cardiac operation with CPB,were randomly divided into A group(n=40) and B group(n=40).All patients received insulin using venous pump,and blood glucose was measured every two hours.Level of blood glucose of A group was maintained in 8.4~11.1 mmol/L and B group in 4.4~8.3 mmol/L.Scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE) Ⅲ and relative indicators were recorded.Results: Compared with A group,there were significant decrease in rates of respiratory dysfunction(25.0% vs.7.5%),renal dysfunction(12.5% vs.2.5%),central nerval dysfunction(15.0% vs.5.0%),nosocomial infections(62.5% vs.20.0%) and mortality(10.0% vs.2.5%),P0.05 all;scores of APACHE Ⅲsignificantly lower since first day after operation(P0.05 all),admission time in ICU [(11.3±8.9)d vs.(6.6±3.7)d] and time of using respirator [(41.2±3.2)h vs.(18.5±4.5)h] significant decreased in B group,P0.05 both.Conclusion:Maintain blood glucose in 4.4~8.3 mmol/L with insulin can protect organic function,reduce nosocomial infections,mortality rate,and improve prognosis in patients with stress hyperglycemia after cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass.


Objective:The importance of self-supervised health care is growing. In this field,we thought that pharmacists working in the community pharmacy or drugstore could play important roles in the health supervision of local residents, since they are familiar with community. Here,we examined the effectiveness of"healthcare workshop"or"information service"by drugstore pharmacists on the consciousness of local residents regarding their health or the role of drugstore pharmacists as supporter of their medical health care. Design and Methods:In the three branches of Yutaka pharmacy Ltd.,we performed the"healthcare workshop"(4 times/6 months),"information service in regard to health or medical care"(about 10 times/day)and"distribution of medicine notebook"over 6 months. To evaluate the effectiveness of these activities,the questionnaire was answered by the consumer in drugstores of the Yutaka pharmacy Ltd.before and after the"healthcare workshop"or "information service". Results:The recognition of pharmacist in the drugstore was significantly improved (before:23.4%,after 39.1%). In addition,the need of information service by drugstore pharmacists also increased from 62.5%to 76.1%. Furthermore, the bringing ratio of medicine notebook and the percentage of submission of medicine notebook to doctors were increased from 52.1%to 61.5%and from 40.0%to 55.6%,respectively,while the possessive ratio of medicine notebook was not changed. Conclusions:In the present study indicate that activities such as"healthcare workshop"and"information service"performed by pharmacists in drugstore are effective to provide many medical information extensively and to increase the need of information service by drugstore pharmacists in the local community. In conclusion,continuance of these activities may important for drugstore pharmacists to be recognized as medical staff who support the health supervision of local residents in the future.


We present evidence on the determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in services sectors. We develop a stylized model of M&A which predicts that the incidence of M&A deals depends, inter alia, on the target economy's size, industrial structure and investment policies, as well as on bilateral transactions costs. We examine these predictions using bilateral M&A flow data and detailed information on policy barriers drawing upon a new database of restrictions on services investment. We find that: (1) Geographical factors affect M&A in services and manufacturing similarly but cultural factors affect M&A in services more than in manufacturing. (2) Controlling for these bilateral factors, restrictive investment policies dampen the probability of M&A inflows but this negative effect is mitigated in countries with relatively large shares of manufacturing and (to a lesser extent) services in GDP. The same results hold for the number of M&A deals received. These findings suggest that the impact of policy is state-dependent and related to the composition of GDP in the target economy. JEL classification: F13, F21, L80


There is no better way to celebrate the holiday than with the sexy models from our favourite underwear designer Andrew Christian!


Cognitive radio (CR) is promising toward future wireless communication. By incorporating co-existing primary system(s) and CRs into a cognitive radio network (CRN), it is possible to significantly enhance overall spectrum efficiency, provided that CRs can precisely explore appropriate spectrum and network activities, which we call CRN tomography by borrowing the terminology from medical imaging. CRN tomography can actively or passively measure or infer CRN parameters and traffic patterns. Conventional CR spectrum sensing to find the spectrum holes falls into a simplified scenario of passive CRN tomography. Like medical tomography, we propose active CRN tomography by a realistic probing signal with cooperative adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) according to SINR. We successfully demonstrate that the active radio resource tomography can support real-time adaptation to dynamic environments without any a priori information from radio channels.


At the end of the nineties the electric bicycle was successfully introduced at the Dutch market for the first time. An electric bicycle assists the biker with an electric motor. In the early years this bike was popular among elderly people or among people who are physically disabled. In recent years also other groups of people use the electric bicycle, like commuters. The Dutch sales figures have strongly been growing over the last five years. In 2009 more than 150.000 new electric bicycles have been sold in the Netherlands. The regional authority "Stadsgewest Haaglanden" wants to find out the influence of the electric bicycle on the total bicycle use in the Haaglanden region. The research goal is formulated as: Getting insight in the influence of the development of the ownership and use of an electric bicycle on the transport demand and the travel mode choice. There is little scientific research on the ownership and the use of electric bikes. The scarce data that are available only allow conclusions on the major user groups. These are: • Elderly (60 years and over) using the bike for recreation • Commuters using the bike for commuting • Disabled people who cannot use a normal bike, but can use an electric one. There is a lack of knowledge about the factors determining why someone owns and uses an electric bicycle. By using interviews it was investigated which factors play a role in the ownership of the electrical bike. Subsequently a regression model was made to give quantitative insight, displaying a statistical relationship between these factors and the ownership of an electric bicycle. A dataset was used from 2007 that was compiled from a market research on electric bikes. Not all factors could be related to the data and consequently not all factors were quantified. This research has provided a large qualitative insight into the factors that determine who owns and uses an electrical bike. The research offers many leads for policy and further research. The available quantitative information is not sufficient to have a quantitative picture of the ownership and use of the E-bike. Therefore, not all research questions could be answered quantitatively. Nevertheless, the regression models that are made in this research can be used as a basis for further research on the ownership and use of electric bicycles. To further stimulate the use of (electric) bicycles, several recommendations are made. The use of bikes by commuters in Haaglanden can be influenced positively by organizing projects to stimulate the use of bikes at companies. This was already successful in other regions, but it needs to be directed to the correct user groups to be effective. Furthermore it's advisable to carefully watch the market for electrical ways for transportation. Many new developments are expected in a short time. It is recommended to collect quantitative information about the ownership and use of electric bikes. Very few data are available, which makes it difficult to model the factors that describe the ownership and use in a reliable way.


Investor proxy voting practices have entered the public spotlight again in 2018 as Congress and the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") consider changes to the rules which govern proxy voting and regulation of proxy advisors. The focus has largely been on companies' frustration with an asserted out-sized influence of proxy advisory firms and the corporate community's longstanding pushback to shareholder proposals, especially those dealing with environmental, social, and governance ("ESG") issues. However, an accurate recognition of the longstanding principles which underlie institutional investors' fiduciary duties and provide the legal context for the exercise of proxy voting rights has been largely missing from the debate. In this Article, we explore current fiduciary duties of institutional investors, asset managers, and proxy advisors and how those legal principles apply to processes for analysis, voting and oversight of proxies on behalf of fund beneficiaries. We also review what current research shows concerning the financial effects of material ESG issues. We conclude that fiduciaries, when voting, monitoring or advising on voting, must apply an up-to-date understanding of fiduciary duties and must correspondingly evaluate how ESG factors and systemic risks can often be material economic issues at individual companies and across industries. We counsel that fundamental fiduciary duty principles require more explicit and forward-looking attention in proxy voting processes to (1) evolution in research on ESG factors and the knowledge base which are driving changes in voting trends, (2) balancing intergenerational * Keith Johnson is the head of the Institutional Investor Services Group at Reinhart Boerner Van Deuren s.c. He formerly served as Chief Legal Officer of the State of Wisconsin Investment Board, President of the National Association of Public Pension Attorneys, and Co-Editor of the Cambridge Handbook of Institutional Investment and Fiduciary Duty. ** Cynthia Williams is a Professor of Law and holds the Osler Chair in Business Law at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University. She was previously a Professor of Law at the University of Illinois College of Law. *** Ruth Aguilera is a Distinguished Professor of International Business and Strategy at Northeastern University's D'Amore McKim School of Business. An earlier version of this analysis appeared as an Industry Voices Commentary in Pensions & Investments. The views expressed herein should not be attributed to the employers, clients, or organizations with which the authors are associated. 1348 BOSTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [Vol. 99:1347 shortand long-horizon transfers of risk and return, (3) aggregate influence of systemic risks that can spread across companies and compound over time; (4) improved asset owner oversight of investment manager and proxy advisor business model conflicts of interest, and (5) cost-benefit advantages of collaborative asset owner and investment manager use of proxy and other advisors. Thus, concerns expressed in Congress and at the SEC about integrity of the proxy voting system largely miss the mark because they come from a perspective that is outdated and misguided. 2019] PROXY VOTING REFORM 1349


The article presents the results of sociological research of civil servants of Belgorod region regarding gender asymmetry in management. It discloses the attitude of respondents to this phenomenon. It also reveals its causes, the desirability and feasibility of achieving gender balance in management, its possible management and social effects.


In this paper,the problems in medical pharmacology course are discussed around teaching methods,teaching material selection,student character and assessment system,and then some views are proposed,which might be beneficial for pharmacology curriculum reform in the future.


Nanosized barium cerate (BaCeO3) was prepared from barium cerium oxalate (BCO) precursor. Thermal decomposition of BCO precursor was studied using thermogravimetry(TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. BCO precursor calcined at 1000°C for 2h gives nanosized BaCeO3 powder. Band gap of BaCeO3 was estimated using diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry and is found to be 2.17 eV. Particle size distribution study reveals that particle size of BaCeO3varies between 10-70 nm. Dielectric behavior of BaCeO3 was studied with varying the temperature at different frequencies. BaCeO3 shows good dielectric and conductivity response. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.


Transport relevant turbulent fluctuations of plasma potential Uplasma , density n0, and electron temperature Te have been measured simultaneously in the Wendelstein 7-AS stellarator edge plasma by applying the sweeping technique to a poloidal array of 15 cylindrical Langmuir probe tips. Tip currents are measured with a temporal resolution of 20 ns. The voltage sweep frequency is 1.4MHz and the tip spacing is 2mm. Saturation current Isat, floating potential Ufloat , and Te could be determined with a bandwidth of 1.4MHz in the frequency and of 15 cm in the wavenumber, while n0 and Uplasma were deduced using a collisionless 1D model 1 for both the presheath and the sheath. The high bandwidth of the measurement was achieved by placing miniaturised differential amplifiers close to the probe tips. Profiles of the plasma quantities and their fluctuations were recorded in the scrape-off layer up to the last closed magnetic surface (LCMS). Individual probe characterstics can be adequately described by an exponential fit, but particular attention must be paid to the covariance of the fit parameters. Hence, crosscorrelation and smoothing techniques were utilised during data evaluation. Two-dimensional correlation functions have similar structure in all quantities, revealing turbulent structures with a poloidal extent of 1 cm and a lifetime of 30μs. Near the LCMS, Ufloat data additionally show counter-propagating structures, which indicate the vicinity of the shear layer. The Fourier transform of cross-correlations with the probe located near the LCMS reveals a broad-band uniform cross phase, which is small between n0 , Te , and Uplasma , and close to π/2 between either of the pairs (Ufloat,Te) and (Ufloat,Isat). The latter confirms previous results from non-swept probes. Broad-band small phases between n0 and Uplasma are also found in numerical simulations of drift-wave turbulence. Profiles of the convected and the conducted perpendicular heat transport are calculated. Continuity of the energy transport is demonstrated, where near the LCMS, heat conduction via temperature fluctuations contributes to a large fraction. It is replaced by convection in the SOL. A significant change in the profile of the radial particle transport is well correlated with an abrupt change of the connection length. A comparison with the confinement shows that the measured fluctuations carry roughly 28% of the total energy transport. Based on an extrapolation of the turbulence properties to experimentally unaccessible but transport relevant high frequencies and wavenumbers, it is consistent to assume that the turbulence is fully responsible for the perpendicular transport. An experimental verification requires an increased bandwidth in wavenumber and frequency.


ABSTRACT Many studies have only studied carbonation and chloride penetration separately, and study dealt with synergy interaction between these is very rare. This study is devoted to examining the chloride penetration parameters of carbonated cementitious materials, i.e. (a) surface chloride content, (b) chloride diffusivity, (c) chloride adsorption capacity and (d) critical chloride content linked with reinforcement corrosion directly. These chloride transportation parameters were expressed as a function of time in each condition because these depend on the mixing proportional properties and the degree of cement hydration. This study is expected to be useful to develop a chloride penetration model of carbonated concrete in the future.


Introduction. The paper deals with the problem of improving strategic management of sustainable development of industrial enterprises. The shortcomings of the strategic management of Ukrainian industrial enterprises are due to the decline in the growth rates of the world and Ukrainian economy, the war, the specifics of the development of socio-economic relations.
The purpose of the paper to study the concept of strategic management of sustainable development of industrial enterprises.
Results. The main problem of the study is related to the imperfection of the strategic management of the enterprise's investment policy, which leads to a slowdown in the development of the enterprise and a decrease in competitiveness. The methodological base of the research is determined, the basis of which is: system theory, a system approach to managing the sustainable development of the enterprise, the theory and practice of modeling, strategic management, investment planning. An improved model is proposed, which determines the interdependence of strategic management of investment policy and sustainable economic development of the enterprise, and an algorithm for managing the process of developing an investment strategy of an industrial enterprise is presented. This mechanism takes into account the main indicators of sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. The mechanism of strategic management, which has a complex nature, is considered. The management of the enterprise is oriented towards serious transformations, takes into account the proposed methods and tools of formation and management of investment capital of an industrial enterprise in conditions of uncertainty.
Conclusion. It has been proven that the use of more advanced mechanisms for the development and management of the organization's strategic activities allows the company's management to improve management processes, make the best decision regarding the choice of strategy and the amount of investment resources necessary to achieve the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise.


Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth originated in the tropic area of America,it is a new alien plant species found in Shanghai.This article preliminarily introduced the botanical and biological characteristics,world distribution,harmfulness and potential utilization value of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth,to provide basic data for preventing its spreading in Shanghai and adjacent region.