A wind-tunnel experiment was conducted to investigate the use of suction boundary-layer control (BLC-suction) on the leading edge of a highly swept cranked-delta wing as a means to improve performance at a nominal take-off lift coefficient. Highly swept wings are paramount for efficient supersonic cruise but in the absence of any leading or trailing edge treatment have poor low-speed performance. The poor performance is caused by flow separation at the leading-edge that occurs at the take-off angle of attack. With the flow separated at the leading edge, a loss in leading-edge thrust occurs. A number of leading-edge devices have been investigated to retain the leading-edge thrust term, e.g., attached-flow flaps and vortex flaps are two of these devices. The BLC-suction method prevents leading-edge separation by forcing the boundary layer to remain thin and the velocity profiles full. The wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley 30X 60-Foot Tunnel at a dynamic pressure of 10 lb/ft, Mach number of 0.1 and Reynolds number of 2.1 million. Integrated static force and moment data along with wing-surface pressures and suction plenum pressures were measured. In addition to L/D, the leading edge suction parameter, S, was used as a performance metric. The on-surface and off-surface flow fields were mapped with florescent mini-tufts and laser light sheet, respectively. Results from the wind-tunnel test showed that the BLC-suction method improved L/D by 21% and S by 32% over the suction-off configuration. Symbols AR aspect ratio, b/ Sref b wing span BL butt line Cq suction coefficient, poVo/pooVoo Cref reference wing chord (mean geometric chord) Cp pressure coefficient, P0 P_/q * Graduate Student, Student Member AIAA t Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dept., Associate Fellow AIAA Copyright © by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. FS fuselage station IB inboard LE leading edge L/D lift to drag ratio LS lower surface M Mach number OB outboard P0 local pressure P. freestream pressure q freestream dynamic pressure, l/2p«,V.. Re Reynolds number, p-V-Cref/ji. S leading-edge suction parameter 8, wing reference area SCFM standard cubic feet per minute US upper surface TE trailing edge o local velocity V., freestream velocity a angle of attack P angle of sideslip 8 flap deflection angle measured normal to the hinge-line A, taper ratio |J~ freestream viscosity


In this article, we have studied solutions of a generalised multiorder fractional partial differential equations involving the Caputo time‐fractional derivative and the Riemann–Liouville space fractional derivatives using Laplace–Fourier transform technique. Proposed generalised multiorder fractional partial differential equation is reducible to Schrödinger equation, wave equation and diffusion equation in a more general sense, and hence, solutions of these equations are specifically noted. Not only this, solutions of equation proposed in the stochastic resetting theory in the context of Brownian motion can also be found in a general regime.


The thesis picks out eight distinctive poetic terminology as follows:"literary behavior"?"Poetic realm"?"Saoya"?"Xingning"?"Kuyin"?"Shimo"?"Geili"?"Jianghua"?"Poetic situation",and expounds then carefully so as to totally search for Guanxiu'Poetic theory views firstly through reading and analyzing a monk poet in late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties,Guanxiu' Poetic texts.


The governance of basic-level society faces the difficulties of the conflict of interest,of the imbalance between supply and demand,of the barriers between departments,of the shortage of external supervision. Jiangbei District has tried to settle these difficulties by carrying out consultation and dialogues. It reveals that the social development has to foster citizen's consciousness of duty by self-service,to train citizen's communication rationality by making public communication space,to increase citizen's value identification by setting up social governance authority,to promote the social capital to raise the social cooperative efficiency,to ensure the citizens rights and interests by coordinating work among various departments. Finally,it proposes four countermeasures and suggestions to settle these difficulties.


Currently there is no standard FRA interpretation methods and not all the FRA practitioners are capable to model transformer windings using equivalent circuits. A low-frequency transformer model of a three-limb core-type 1000 MVA 400/275/13 kV auto-transformer is established to analyze the effects of transformer electric parameters on the FRA plots. The equivalent electrical circuit of the magnetic core is derived based on the Principle of Duality. Air-core inductance and winding capacitances are included in the model. FRA simulation results are validated by measurement results, the suitability of transformer model is discussed and the dominant factors in different frequency regions are concluded through sensitivity studies.


This work investigates the performance of a network that combines cognitive radio and the adaptive forward error correction technique, where access to the medium is done opportunistically by secondary users. The power metric is used to analyze the influence of the Nakagami-m fading channel model in determining the ideal switching points of an adaptive forward error correction scheme. In the adopted scenario, primary and secondary users are modeled using M / G / 1 queues, with priority access to the channel for the primary user. Theoretically, spectral sensing is perfect in ways that mutual interference between users was not considered. The transmission system allows two packet retransmission scenarios: without limits and with a limited number of retransmissions of packets received in error. The results show that the optimal switching points vary with the fading order and the current error correction code.


The authors report on an additional effect of the intentionally ordered GaInP layers obtained by using the double tilt GaAs substrates, i.e., the misoriented (001) GaAs substrates toward the two directions of [110] and [−110]. In photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 7 K, it is found that the emission intensity is enhanced with the increase in the substrate misorientation angle toward [−110] direction, along with the redshift of the bandedge. However, the redshift of the bandedge means that the GaInP layers suffer from the ordering of group III atoms. The authors note that the surface morphology in the ordered GaInP layers becomes rapidly rough by the substrate misorientation, even though the linewidths of their PL spectra and x-ray rocking curves are almost similar, irrespective of the misorientation angle. As a result, the light extraction mechanism in the roughened surface structure and the surface roughening mechanism in the intentionally ordered GaInP layers are suggested.


At present,the aged population problem is very serious.The traditional family life way has already can not satisfy the demand of providing for the aged in rural areas.Although current endowment insurance law has set up new village endowment insurance system,it lacks of feasibility.There is no adequate national public finance support.The management of insurance fund is not normal yet.Hereby suggest to construct new rural endowment insurance system under the following thoughts: regulating the village endowment insurance as a compulsive insurance;explicitly making clear the provider,quota and time limit of endowment insurance fee;setting up the management system of the village endowment insurance fund;building up systems on link and conversion between systems of town workers,town residents and village endowment insurance.


and attacks "destructive" criticism-radical form criticism and tendencies toward a "Christ myth" (pp. 2-3)--often preferring to argue his case with a mild-mannered historical reason. Though he uses the criterion of dissimilarity, it is a supplementary tool which operates after the "portrait" ofJesus is isolated by the criterion of "sheer consistency and originality." The irony is that apart from such distinctive hypotheses as Jesus' conscious choice of the Isaianic option and his personal name as "Messiah," any portrait which stresses Jesus as a non-normative Jewish teacher, prophet of the Kingdom, and miracle worker whose word and deed imply a Christology is not totally inconsistent with a "new quest" orientation which understands the texts as documents of faith. One cannot help but wonder if there is not more here than meets the eye. Apart from this general methodological consideration, which needs to he evaluated in relation to Harvey's avowed purpose, any critique should note that this book stresses Jesus as teacher, but it says very little about the parables or pronouncement stories. Certainly recent discussions in these areas, even though they may be unrelated to the question of the historical Jesus, might enhance Harvey's general portrait of Jesus. Given the book's intended audience, an important consideration is that Harvey's prose is usually very readable and enjoyable, though occasionally the author becomes involved in extended asides and qualifications designed to express caution, a factor which might lead the reader to miss the overall logic of the book's argument. This problem will probably limit its usefulness as a textbook for undergraduates in the United States. Nonetheless, as a generally readable and informative work, and one which offers some new insights into old problems, it should be added to any important collection of "quest" literature.


Richard Rorty is rightly considered one of the most interesting authors in the field of intellectual pursuits. This vague formulation also indicates that Rorty's thinking and writing cannot simply be classified as philosophy, although by and large they seem to be part and parcel of the pragmatist tradition. For Rorty clearly confronts a number of traditional problems of philosophy, even when he suggest getting rid of the problem by redescribing the issue or changing the perspective. There is ...


The results of a new class controlled devices D-FACTS in non-uniform electrical networks use analysis are given. The possibilities of this class devices use in the power systems of Russia are considered. A class of tasks is indicated, for the solution of which the use of D-FACTS devices can be economically feasible.


Finns reading Estonian texts have a variety of strategies to make sense of them. One is priming, which means that language users consciously or unconsciously rely on previous knowledge of associations that occur in phraseological units. We studied how the distance between a prime and its target and theme affects the understanding of unknown words and false friends, and how the restricted semantic category affects uncovering the target.  The data of the study consist of translations of Estonian texts into Finnish, produced by native Finnish speakers with no theoretical or practical knowledge of Estonian. The participants were also asked about the process of reaching certain translation equivalents. The Finnish Language Text Collection was consulted for L1 patterning, in order to reveal whether the phraseological combinations in translation tests have counterparts in target language usage.  The analysis revealed that there are several factors that affect understanding source text lexemes: external similarity, the distance of the items in a phraseological unit, the limitedness of the semantic category and, finally, world knowledge. The participants often mentioned orthographic similarity as a starting point in revealing the meaning. Other factors that contributed to understanding a foreign text were mentioned as well: context and semantic relations, which base on internalised metalinguistic knowledge, facilitated to associate the prime and the target. Finally, similar collocations to translation tests were found in the L1 data.


This article analyzes and explores several kinds of high low two-stage pressue control loop for up-down cylinder of coil charger and stripper. Through comparing the principle、structure feature and application situation of several kinds of control loop, it put forward the optimization hydraulic control loop for coil charger and stripper.


This study empirically investigates how firmspecific capabilities and resources acquired through global sourcing activities affect process performance. The underlying research model was based on the resourceand capability-based view of the firm. In order to test the model, an empirical study was conducted through structured telephone interviews with Chief Procurement Officers and Purchasing Managers of 200 large-sized companies in five European countries. The results showed that process performance was strongly influenced by the level of external resources in control, which in turn were very strongly related to the extent of global sourcing capabilities of the firm. The overall conclusion is that global sourcing capabilities help firms getting access to a larger resource pool, which in turn affects performance in terms of effectiveness and efficiency positively.


Onion could be grown equally profitable either by transplanting or broadcasting. Effective, efficient and economic weed management was achieved through pre-emergence application of fluchloralin or pendimethalin at 0.9 kg ha−1 supplemented with one hand weeding at 40 days stage of crop. Oxidiazonat 0.75 kg ha−1 proved effective against Digera arvensis and Eclipta alba.


Abstract : Intranets are a recent development in information technologies which have provided a wealth of IS utility. "Intranet" refers to the use of World Wide Web technology to manage information within an organization - a self-contained Internet running on a LAN or WAN. Generally, the technologies used include web servers, browsers, hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), hypertext markup language (HTML) pages, and search engines. Many organizations are now using or building intranets to distribute, collect, and share timely, consistent, and accurate information. The Systems Management (SM) Curricular Office at the Naval Postgraduate School presently relies on an inefficient paper-based system for distributing and collecting information from students. This thesis examines how an intranet can overcome the limitations of the current paper-based system. Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology is used to conduct an analysis of current data flows and processes, and develop a working prototype of an intranet.


Near-field analysis and coupling of a perfectly conducting slotted elliptic cylinder excited by an electric line source placed inside or outside the cylinder is considered. The solution can be easily extended to account for a z-polarized incident plane wave excitation. The separation of variables technique is used to express external and internal fields in terms of Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions with unknown expansion coefficients. The problem is then reduced to an integral equation in terms of the aperture field. The solution of the integral equation is carried out by expressing the aperture field in terms of a Fourier series expansion with unknown coefficients. Then Galerkin's technique is introduced to solve for the unknown aperture field coefficients. Results for the penetrated and near fields are given in terms of different parameters such as location and type of the excitation, aperture width, cylindrical axial ratio, and the loading of the cylinder. >


Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate the reaction processes of seedlings originating from wheat seeds after they were subjected to accelerated ageing, which imitated low-temperature storage. Germination, vigor, morphological characteristics, relative chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured in seedlings and young plants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after processes of accelerated ageing of the seeds. The ageing procedures of the seeds were done according to the standard conditions (40±0.5°C and 100% air relative humidity) of the International Seed Testing Association for 72 and 120 hours of treatments of the Bulgarian varieties Geya-1 and Sadovo 772. For the control were used seeds, which were not subjected to the accelerated ageing conditions. The coleoptile of 5 days seedlings and second leaf of 10 and 15 days plants in seedling stage, following the seed accelerated ageing procedure, was measured in the laboratory and the greenhouse. The seed germination rate and vigor, fresh and dry weight of growing coleoptiles were inhibited after different periods of ageing exposure and well correlated with increased accumulation of total hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde content, guaiacol peroxidase activity and rate of cells membrane stability index. The negative changes of chlorophyll content index, fresh and dry weight and leaf area of the leaves of young plants descending from aged seeds sowed in pots were found. It was established that the modern variety Geya-1 was more tolerant to the applied ageing condition than the older Sadovo 772. In conclusion, we considered that accelerated ageing could be used as a model for estimation of seed deterioration in wheat after long-term storage.


In this paper, a two-stage hybrid AC/DC microgrid with two DC outputs and one AC output is proposed to reduce the cost of power electronics devices. However, mismatched DC powers in these DC networks can cause the current sharing errors of active bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter and the unbalanced three-phase line current of AC/DC interfacing converter. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an enhanced two-stage based compensation strategy. First, a DC current sharing error compensation method is adopted to reduce the current sharing errors among the parallel-connected DAB converters for each DC subsystem. Second, the three-phase line current balancing control method through injecting zero-sequence voltage vector in the cascaded H-bridge based grid-interfacing AC/DC converter is used to reduce the three-phase line current imbalanced component. By using these proposed control schemes simultaneously, proper power sharing and power control can be realized in a complex multi-port hybrid AC/DC microgrid. Simulation results are provided to verify the correctness of the proposed methods.


To determine the daily energy requirement of an elite female judo athlete before and after competition , total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the doubly labeled water technique over a 7-d period , for a -52kg female Japanese national team judo athlete [ 23 years, 158cm]. Energy intake (El) was also measured using a self-reported 7-d or 3-d weighed dietary record. TEE was 3004kcal/day and 2594kcal/day, and El was 2275kcal/day and 3100kcal/day in before and after competition, respretively. From energy balance (EB) and changes in body weight, adjusted-El (A-EI) was estimated during the preparation for competitionperiod. One benefit of A-EI is that it enables judo athletes successfully manipulate their ET and make cut-off weight for competitions, without compromising health or performance. Key wards : judo athlete, total energy expenditure, doubly labeled water method, Adjusted-El キーワー ド=柔 道選手,総 エネルギ消費量,二 重標識水法,EIの 摂取目標値 1)筑 波 大 学 大 学院 体 育研 究 科 〒305-8574茨 城 県 つ く ば市 天 王 台1-1-1 Tel/Fax:029-853-4477 E・mail:email@example.com 2)筑 波 大 学 体 育科 学 系 3)故 人。元筑波大学体育科学系 Master Program in Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba Institute of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukub a The Departed, The Former Professor of Institute of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba


Navigation devices have become an essential part of our lives. They help us get around unfamiliar terrain and we opt to rely on them rather than on our senses when the task at hand is important and the timing matters. During plant reproduction, efficient navigation is essential for the pollen tube to make its way through the transmitting tract, enter the micropyle to reach the female gametophyte, complete double fertilization, and produce seeds. The pollen tube's path is guided by a range of molecular attractants. These small signaling peptides are perceived by pollen-specific receptorlike kinases (PRKs), which activate signaling pathways required for the growth and steering of the pollen tube towards the female gametophyte. Members of the Arabidopsis PRK family are differentially distributed in the pollen tube plasma membrane. One apically localized homolog, PRK6, interacts with LURE1.2, a guiding peptide with species-specific preferences (Liu et al., 2021). In response to exogenous treatment with LURE1.2, PRK6 changes its distribution and localizes towards the LURE1.2 attractant (Takeuchi and Higashiyama, 2016). A new study by Yang and colleagues (Yang et al., 2022) investigates how this localization is regulated. Previous research by the team found that ALA3, a type IV P-type ATPase that acts as a phospholipid flippase, sustains pollen tube growth and establishes the polar distribution of phosphatidyl serine (PS) (Zhou et al., 2020). In this study, Yang et al. (2022) demonstrated that defective pollen tube growth in ala3 mutants is accompanied by seed abortion and, as a result, lowered seed number in siliques. By performing reciprocal crossing and tracing pollen tube growth in vivo, the authors found that it takes ala3 pollen tubes twice as long as wild type to reach the bottom of the pistil. The mutant pollen tubes showed a wandering phenotype and impaired ovule attraction sensitivity, indicating that guidance of the pollen tube through the transmitting tract and its entrance into the micropyle were perturbed. The guidance phenotype was fully restored in pALA3:ALA3-HA complemented lines, suggesting that the defects were due to the lack of the functional ALA3 gene. Further dissecting the ala3 defective guidance phenotype, the authors found that the distribution of PRKs in pollen tubes was affected by the mutation. The abundance of PRK6, PRK3, and PRK1 was dramatically reduced in the apical membrane-proximal region and the apical plasma membrane. Zhou et al. (2020) previously demonstrated that ALA3 regulates the polar distribution of Rab GTPase RabA4d by establishing and maintaining the polar distribution of PS. Interestingly, the distribution of PRK6 was disturbed in raba4d mutants, highlighting the involvement of this GTPase in regulating PRK6 delivery to the correct locations in the pollen tube.


In order to eliminate the use of toxic acids in common carbon nanomaterial functionalization methods, a facile and eco-friendly procedure is introduced in this study to synthesize highly dispersed, covalently functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for use in heat transfer fluids. The MWCNTs are treated covalently with clove buds in one pot using a free radical grafting reaction. The clove-treated MWCNTs (C-MWCNTs) are then dispersed in distilled water (DI water) at three different concentrations of C-MWCNTs (0.075, 0.125, and 0.175 wt %), resulting in C-MWCNT-DI water nanofluids. The effectiveness of the functionalization process is then verified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV–vis spectroscopy is also used to examine the stability of the C-MWCNTs in the base fluid. The thermal conductivity, density, and dynamic viscosity of the C-MWCNT-DI water nanofluids are studied experimentally, and th...


We present a novel method for representing the electrical depolarisation and repolarisation of cardiac cells using real‐time volumetric animation techniques. The visual representation coincides with automatically synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) input. Whilst other projects in similar fields use super‐computers or vastly complex cellular structures, one of the aims of this project is to simplify the process for real‐time optimization. The current techniques are being used in a teaching tool and also are being implemented in a myocardial infarction diagnostic tool. Cellular automata are used to demonstrate the electrical progression with a multi‐pass nearest‐neighbour algorithm and automatic ECG recognition and detection algorithms are used to synchronize the animation with the inputted ECG. We use texture‐based slices to represent the myocardial volume to improve speed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


is too long (200 words is a good, JOG-inspired, target) P3325 NPI & SPI are inversed for total areas SRTM penetration. To back up your hypothesis of no penetration. It is not in the NPI but (Stuefer and others, 2007) suggested limited penetration of SRTM according to field data on Perito Moreno, SPI, probably due to the timing of the acquisition right in the southern hemisphere melt season, in opposite to the Northern hemisphere. Perito Moreno is a single glacier on SPI and Stuefer et al's result does not demonstrate that there is no penetration at all elsewhere on SPI and NPI but it is a useful info for your discussion. SPIRIT acronym "Spot5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images & Topographies" SPOT = Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (and not Système Probatoire. . . which was the name of SPOT "concept" before the lunch of the first SPOT satellite in 1986) 3.2.1 section should be numbered 3.2 Bias with elevation. I invite you to read the recently accepted correspondence by (Gardelle and others, 2012, in press) available here: http://etienne.berthier.free.fr/download/Gardelle_et_al_JOG_2012.pdf . Building upon Paul (2008), Gardelle et al. shows that a bias with altitude measured on the ice-free terrain cannot be applied to the glaciated terrain and proposes a correction of such biases based on the maximum curvature of the terrain.


Mara Malagodi explains how the Nepali constitutional experience illuminates the intimate relationship between law and politics in processes of constitutional change.


"It was postulated that the ability of the dentifrice containing 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and fluoride to precipitate mineral at the tooth surface, as well as provide the ability to occlude dentin tubules, might also provide protection from enamel erosion. This powerful combination of the ability to treat dentin hypersensitivity by blocking dentin tubules, combined with an ability to prevent erosion of the tooth surface, could provide significant benefits to consumers. In the three articles that follow in this Special Issue of The Journal of Clinical Dentistry, this concept is explored from a mode of action viewpoint; clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of the product to both inhibit erosion and aid in the remineralization of erosive lesions."


Cement foamed asphalt (CFA) stabilized base that is one of the pavement recycling methods utilized on the roads has been noticed widely, because the global environmental protection and preservation is generally recognized to be necessary in these days. However, cement sometimes scatters when it is spread and mixed in the sites, so it is afraid that the scattering cement would influence on workers' health and the surround environment. In this study, the construction method using cement slurry was thought up against scattering cement. The mix design of CFA base mixture with slurry cement was conducted and the machine to spread the cement slurry was developed. The accelerated loading tests were conducted in the trial yard with the pavement cross-section for the traffic class N3. From results of the tests, it was found that CFA stabilized base has superior durability in view of surface condition, structural capacity and material properties.


ABSTRACT The electric power industry has often been considered one of the key sectors for energy-saving and emission reduction. It is important to explore the main factors driving the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission changes of this industry. This study applies the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method to analyze disparities in the driving forces from national and regional perspectives. In addition to the factors related to the generation sector, this study puts forward the concepts of power self-sufficiency ratio and available-to-consumed ratio to indicate the influence of factors related to the transmission and distribution sector. The results show that economic activity was the main factor promoting the growth of GHG emissions; the power intensity of gross domestic product (GDP) and population change had smaller promotional effects at the national level; the generation structure and the energy intensity of thermal power were two main contributors to inhibiting the growth of GHG emissions of the national power industry, but they had promotional effects in some provinces; and the energy mix of thermal power and the power self-sufficiency ratio contributed slightly to decreases in the GHG emissions of the power industry, despite their promotional effects in some provinces.


was pointed out that to achieve better results in its four modernisations programme and to prepare for a new technological revolution, it is imperative that the scientific and technological structure in China is revamped. Basically, science must serve the production system. Premier Zhao, in his speech delivered to the conference, stated that 'economic construction must rely on science and tech-


In the industrial area of Elefsis, Greece, aerosol samples from the atmosphere were collected using a stacked filter unit sampler, which separates the airborne particulate matter into coarse (PM 2.5-10 ) and fine (PM 2.5 ) size fractions. The samples collected during the period January 2005 to March 2006, were analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) to determine the fine and coarse particulate concentrations of the heavy metals Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni. Concerning the elements Pb, Cd and Ni regulated by the European Union, annual average concentrations were lower than the prospective assessment thresholds, while concentration levels of Mn were in compliance with the values proposed by the World Health Organization. The concentrations of PM 10 particulates were about two times as that of the PM 2.5 particulates. Additionally, the ratio of fine (PM 2.5 ) to coarse (PM 2.5-10 ) particle concentrations was 0.44, indicating enrichment in the coarse particulates. Fe and Zn concentrations were mostly in the coarse particulate mode. Furthermore, the Pb/Cd average ratio in coarse and fine airborne particulates suggests that Pb is emitted by car exhausts and mainly industrial sources. Moreover, correlation analysis between airborne particulate matter (PM) and toxic elements was carried out to investigate the sources that affect the presence of these elements in coarse and fine particulates.


Abstract When using tests of infant development and intelligence in children born prematurely, the subject's age is commonly corrected for the degree of prematurity. However, there is disagreement: first, on whether this correction should ever be applied, and second, at what age to discontinue the adjustment.


In this study, a simple guardrail end treatment, called TWINY, designed particularly for use with a thrie-beam guardrail system is developed. In the first phase, the system is designed and analyzed using a versatile, highly nonlinear finite-element analysis program LS-DYNA. Two different crashes involving a head on impact and a 15° angle impact are simulated using LS-DYNA. In both simulations, a nominal 900 kg car traveling at 80 km/h is used to impact the end treatment as outlined in European Crash Testing Guidelines EN1317 section 4. Based on the successful simulation results, both tests are repeated in a crash test facility in Germany to substantiate simulation predictions. Full-scale crash testing results compared favorably with those obtained from LS-DYNA simulation. Based on the results, a final full-scale crash testing was carried out on the system to fully verify its compliance with the EN1317 section 4. A 1,300 kg compact car traveling at 80 km/h impacted the end terminal at its midlength at an angle of 15°. The vehicle is successfully redirected with minimal damage to both vehicle and terminal. Based on the simulation and full-scale crash test results, it can be concluded that TWINY is a promising end treatment for steel thrie-beam guardrail terminals and can be implemented at the European Highway System with confidence.


PURPOSE: To provide a treatment method which is a method for subjecting the solute in a waste liquid to an elecrolytic oxidation treatment, prevents a used anode from releasing a toxic non-recoverable metal resource material into a soln. and is good in energy efficiency. CONSTITUTION: The soln. is electrolyzed by using the anode contg. electrically conductive crystalline doped diamond, by which the solute is oxidized in the treatment method of the substrate in the soln. for treating the solute to such a soln. which may be further permitted to be discharged into the environment. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Pithophora oedogonia was subjected to ultra-violet irradiation and its survival was screened by employing different distances from the source and different exposure periods. Observations were made in viaw of survival, dry weight, chlorophyll content and percentage of mitosis. The deviations of all the parameters from the normal, might be due to sudden upset in the cellular activity induced by UV irradiation


In a previous paper which I read some years ago before the Society I declared my intention of discussing the reasons for which Frederick the Great made his famous attack on Saxony in 1756—an attack which roused half Europe against him, and brought him within a hair's-breadth of ruin, but of which he never seems to have repented.


Integrated energy system (IES) is an ideal method to improve the energy utilization efficiency and cut down the emission of CO2. In this paper, different carbon trading mechanisms are applied to study the advantage of ladder-type carbon trading mechanism. Numerical results show its advancement in carbon emission reduction. Then, generators with different capacity and carbon emission intensity are transformed into carbon capture devices respectively to study the influence of carbon capture in low-carbon economic operation of IES. Results show that generators with large capacity and low carbon emission intensity are more suitable to be transformed into carbon capture device.


As a novel technology,membrane technologies have been widely used in treating the boiler feed water with high performances such as high efficiency,rapid separation and low energy consumption.Based on our engineering practices,this review introduced the current application of the membrane technologies in boiler feed water treatment as a pre-treatment,softening and desalination methods.The prospects for future successful application were also analyzed.


We performed a series of global MHD simulations to study the closure of the cross-tail current in the magnetotail under different solar wind conditions. The cross-tail current closes totally within the magnetopause, forming the classical theta structure when IMF is set to be zero. The situation changes for southward IMF cases: part of the cross-tail current passes through the magnetosheath and closes across the bow shock, forming an overlapped q structure of the cross-tail current, when viewed from the Sun. Quantitative analysis shows that a larger strength of the southward IMF B-Z results in a higher percentage of current closed through the bow shock. Nearly a constant quantity of the cross-tail current comes from the bow shock despite variations in the solar wind speed. An increase in the ionospheric Pedersen conductance leads to an increase in the bow shock contribution but a decrease in the magnetopause contribution to the cross-tail current; therefore, the net cross-tail current is almost independent of the ionospheric conductance. Cross-tail current that closes across the bow shock rather than the magnetopause can be classified as the magnetic reconnection current, providing energy supply for dissipation needed at the magnetic reconnection region in the magnetotail.


Let's be blunt: at the state level, it seems like the Liberal Party is achieving little more than self-destruction. Why is this so? The answer can be found in the Australian Labor Party. The ALP has completely transformed itself.


Moisture excess or lack in buildings has many adverse effects on human health, structural durability and building energy consumption, and moisture design for building materials is an important and efficient measurement for creating a stable indoor climate. However, the current quick test method (e.g., moisture buffer value test) can only evaluate the materials' moisture buffering abilities roughly, and the advanced numerical prediction method (e.g., using HAM models) is hardly applicable in practices due to insufficient materials' hygrothermal properties and its long computing time. EMPD model can calculate with less input parameters and short time without sacrificing accuracy. While this paper found existing EMPD has limited application conditions, and further proposed modified multilayer EMPD model. A new approach can be applied to identify and predict the moisture performances of building materials. In this paper, two typical building materials with diverse hygric properties were simulated. Their key parameters of the modified model was easily inversed by a 24h standard box test instead of several months of material hygrothermal properties tests, based on which, the materials' actual performances under various conditions can be predicted. The presented approach was validated by comparing the numerical predictions with HAM results in the corresponding conditions. This study provides an easy and fast way to test and predict the moisture performances of building materials and indoor moisture in practices.


This correspondence is concerned with the stability for interval time-delay systems. Triple integral inequalities without slack variables are proposed, which show more and more evident improvements as the degrees of intermediate polynomials increase. Driven by the proposed inequalities, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with quadruple integrals and augmented vector consisting of triple integrals is constructed to derive less conservative stability criteria for time-delay systems. The numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.


Development of new rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars requires efficient tools to monitor traits relationship in a breeding program. Twenty four rapeseed genotypes including 2 cultivars and 22 advanced lines, were evaluated based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant genotypes effects were exhibited for phenological traits, plant height, yield components, and seed yield, indicating significant genetic differences among the genotypes. High broad sense heritability were estimated for phenological traits, pods on main axis and, seed yield, signifying selection gain for improving these traits. Duration of flowering and pods on main axis had high value of genetic coefficient of variation. The results of factor analysis exhibited four factors including sink factor (pod per plant, pods length and seed yield), fixed capital factor (phenological traits), secondary fixed capital factor (duration of flowering), and metric factor (plant height). The results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that plant height and pods per plant significantly had more decreasing and increasing effects respectivelyon seed yield. On the basis of cluster analysis, the genotypes were classified in four groups, and the group with high seed yield had high mean value of pods per plant.


STUDENT LEARNING OBECTIVESThe case can be examined across a business program in multiple courses to provide students with a holistic approach to evaluating the ramifications of business decisions to multiple dimensions of an organization. The case can also be addressed in an individual course. Upon reading, analyzing and discussing the case from the marketing perspective, students should:1. Be able to understand the importance of Public Relations as a strategic tool and learn to design effective PR strategies.2. Recognize the necessity of marketing research and its role in solving different business problems.3. Have the opportunity to utilize their social media knowledge and skills and implement different social marketing strategiesRECOMMENDATIONS FOR TEACHING APPROACHESThe ease can be taught from multiple perspectives in several different courses such as upper level marketing, business strategy, business law, management, forensic accounting/auditing, and information technology management. The course can also be taught in a capstone course containing a classroom of diverse business majors. The following case notes address the issues from the perspective of management. Case coverage should take approximately 30 to 45 minutes of course time. Senior level students may be asked to analyze and write up the case using a case analysis template such as:BackgroundMain ProblemMinor Problems (stemming from main problem)Possible SolutionsRecommended Solution and ImplementationA series of questions may be provided to junior level students such as the following.1. If you are the marketing consultant for the publishing company, what initial steps will you take to counter the negative press that the company is experiencing following the hack?The company may be able to distract the attention of the media by highlighting the incredible story of John Winters, a self-made publisher, and his contribution to realizing the dreams of other new authors who lack the resources to get their stories published. The meteoric rise of this independent publishing company made other big time publishing corporations envious, and they would not mind seeing John Winters close his doors forever. Thus, a marketing campaign oriented towards the world of readers, to convince them of the importance of supporting this small company in its troubled times, could be one starting point.The other approach could be to play victim and show solidarity with other corporations that have been hacked in the past. John could present a more valiant self in the media by openly proclaiming that the hackers cannot stop the release of the new novel. Additionally he may encourage interest in the book by offering discounts for early orders of first editions personally signed by John. Obviously, John would have to revisit some of the chapters in the book and rewrite the content so that the finished product or the story plot or even the characters do not seem to be from the released hacked version. The company can also release a statement that the hackers obtained a rejected draft and published it online before the formal unveiling of the new book.2. What strategies will you, as the marketing consultant, advise John take to handle the disgruntled former boss and colleagues?The hacked e-mails and the working draft of John's upcoming novel revealed that the protagonist of the novel is based on John's former boss. A lot of his former professional life is represented in the novel, and John did not make any effort to mask the similarity. This led to a lot of anger and threats of legal action from his former colleagues and boss. In a sticky situation like this, John can first work on changing some of the aspects of the plot of his novel so that the striking resemblance between the protagonist and his former boss is not so obvious. Excerpts from the book can be released in the media to validate the lack of similarity that has been claimed by the disgruntled boss. …


At this point, we have referred to MR in two different ways: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NMR is the analytical technique of exciting and obtaining MR signal from an entire sample, breaking the measured signal into its individual frequency components to identify different molecules containing the nucleus of interest, but not separating the signal by location within the sample. In contrast, MRI is the technique of separating a sample or region of tissue into individual volume elements (voxels) and producing images based on the total signal from the nucleus of interest in each voxel. The techniques of dividing tissue into voxels to produce MR images will be discussed in Chapter 3. This chapter describes tissue relaxation times that provide the contrast seen in MR images. Relaxation times are strictly MR-based parameters that describe the re-growth of longitudinal magnetization (T1) and loss of transverse magnetization (T2) after a radiofrequency (RF) pulse flips magnetization out of alignment with the externally applied static magnetic field, B 0 . In 1952, Bloch and Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for independently demonstrating that NMR could be performed on liquids and solids. Based on their work, equipment to perform quantitative NMR was developed and refined. An NMR spectrometer consists of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency (RF) transmitter coil tuned to the resonant frequency of the nucleus of interest, and a RF receiver coil tuned to the same frequency. NMR spectrometers are not designed to separate the sample into individual voxels but simply to measure the collective signal from a single sample. NMR systems require a highly homogeneous magnetic field over the entire sample so that all nuclei of a particular type in the sample have the same resonant frequency except for inherent small differences in resonant frequencies caused by slightly different nuclear shielding occurring due to different molecular structure. For example, hydrogen nuclei in water resonate at a Larmor frequency that is higher by 3.4 parts per million (ppm) than hydrogen nuclei in fat. This is due to the slightly different molecular environment of the hydrogen nuclei in H 2 O compared to that in CH 2 . At 1.5 T, 3.4 ppm amounts to a frequency shift of 214 Hz in resonant


In the article the authors turn to the study of the development of the scientific field of psychology of morality at the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2002–2021. The Institute's publications on the psychology of morality (monographs and collections of scientific works, a total of 20 books) were used as research material. It describes the corpus of the analyzed publications, bibliometric indicators that determine the characteristics of the formation of a scientific direction in a research center. The first part of the article considers the indicators of the dynamics of the number and volume of publications, frequency of authors, frequency of word combinations, and keywords. It is determined that the scientific direction of psychology of morality was actively developed at the Institute of Psychology (especially in 2007–2011 and 2012–2016), the merged research community was narrow and consisted mainly of employees of the Institute. The substantive characteristics of moral-psychological research were an appeal to the moral aspects of economic activity, moral problems and the state of modern Russian society, spiritual and moral education and personal development. A conclusion is made about the main trajectory of development of the direction of moral psychology at the Institute of Psychology.


Hydroxyapatite fine powders prepared from (NH4)2HPO4 and Ca(NO3)2 by a wet method were treated under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C under 2MPa for 10h. The obtained single-crystal fine powders of 90nm×25nm were sintered in air at a temperature from 1000° to 1100°C for 3h. The obtained ceramics with relative densities of 73±2% (1000°C)-92±2% (1100°C) were HIP'ed at 1000°C under 200MPa of Ar for 1h without any capsules. The post-sintering brought about densification up to 99% for the samples more than 90% dense having closed pores, but it barely increased the density of samples with lower densities. Transparent apatite ceramics were obtained by HIP.


Depression after stoke should be treated with psychological and psychosocial interventions, including motivational interviewing, peer support and cognitive behavioural therapy. If antidepressant medication is used, then selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants are suggested. There is no role for electroconvulsive therapy. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing is used in management of post-traumatic stress disorder and is not indicated for depression after stroke.


Seven cases of contact dermatitis in children due to identification bracelets made of poly‐vinyl chloride plastic are reported. Patch tests with the bracelets were negative in the five cases tested. It is concluded that the reactions were irritant due to some unknown chemical in the bracelets.


Objective To investigate the impact of varied renal replacement therapies(RRT) upon the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) among patients with end stage renal disease(ESRD).Methods Sixty and six ESRD patients receiving RRT were enrolled in the study(diabetic nephropathy excluded),including 23 renal allograft recipients,25 cases with hemodialysis and 18 with peritoneal dialysis.All patients underwent echocardiography examination and left ventricular mass index(LVMI) was calculated;related parameters between patients with LVH and patients with normal LVMI were compared.Results The incidence of LVH was 61% for renal allograft recipients,76% for hemodialysis and 67% for peritoneal dialysis(P0.05).Compared to patients with normal LVMI,patients with LVH were older in age and had lower levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin(P0.05).Conclusion There are no differences in the incidence of LVH among patients with end stage renal disease receiving different renal replacement therapies.The older age,low levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin are related to the incidence of LVH.


Thank you very much for downloading environment and plant development being klima und boden in ihrer wirkung auf das pflanzenleben. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this environment and plant development being klima und boden in ihrer wirkung auf das pflanzenleben, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


Abstract : This project emphasizes the development and evaluation of analytic methods for the solution of fracture mechanics problems as related to aircraft structures. Some of these methods are: finite and boundary element methods, singular/hybrid finite elements, alternating method, and path independent and domain independent integrals. When these methods are applied to various cases of aircraft structural problems, predictions of crack growth and fatigue life can be made. The final report describes these analytical methods as applied to various cases of aircraft structural problems, including the evaluation of composite patch repairs to existing cracks.


The invention provides an organic silicone binder combination that is resistant to high temperature and heat conductive, which comprises by weight 80-120 portions of alpha, omega alkene group poly organic siloxane basic glue, 1-6 portions of hydrogen-contained siloxane cross-linking agent, 80-250 ppm platinum catalyst, 0.01-1 portions of cross-linking suppressing agent and 200-400 portions mixing fillers, wherein, the mixing filler comprises three or more from titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, silicon-carbide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, and boron nitride. In addition to the main application in ceramic PTC elements, the organic silicone binder combination can bind well other ceramic elements (for example, Al2O3 and SiN) with metallic materials.


To reveal the mechanical behavior mechanism of collapse and to control risks effectively, the instability extent of the collapse area was established through theoretical mechanics and numerical methods, taking one metal mine as a case study; on this basis, a routine reinforcement program was determined, and the effect of the program was evaluated. The results show the following. (1) Analytical formulas of the critical slip angle and the collapse height of the ore body were derived by the mechanics method, and the rock mechanics parameters were obtained by field coring and physical and mechanical experiments. The slipping line angle increases along with uniform force Q and is inversely proportional to the bending stiffness. Meanwhile, the calculation formula for the maximum subsidence of ore body was deduced. (2) Numerical results can be used to determine the basic form of the collapse area, and a "U-shaped" collapse area formed when a plastic area passed completely through, resulting in the overall destruction. (3) The grouting reinforcement program includes "determining the instability region ⟶ roadway temporary support ⟶ improve the water environment and surrounding rock bearing capacity ⟶ mining planning" which were determined on the basis of prediction. (4) The hierarchical structure of the rock body and filling were improved combined with the Delphi method, and the grouting effect evaluation model was constructed and verified using the improved FD-AHP method; the evaluation value indicating that the grouting reinforcement improved the bearing capacity of ore body and filling body in collapse area. The research results provide systematic reference and technical support for the analysis of stope collapse mechanism, prediction of hidden trouble, and the subsequent mining.


Combined synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar modes simultaneously generate SAR and GMTI products from the same radar data. Furthermore, the SAR and GMTI data products can be further exploited for target signature extractions, automatic target recognition (ATR), and feature-aided tracking. This hybrid mode provides the benefit of fused imaging and moving target displays along with enhanced target recognition and ground target tracking. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Gotcha radar has collected wide-bandwidth, multi-channel data that can be utilized for these hybrid mode applications. This paper presents a processing architecture for simultaneous SAR, GMTI, ATR, and tracking, and includes the results of applying this processing to the AFRL Gotcha data.


The patient was a 58-year-old man who complained of persistent bloody sputum. He had a history of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma 7 years ago and received 72 Gy irradiation after vertical laryngectomy. Endoscopic and X-ray examination revealed a tumor mass in the left wall of the trachea 3cm inferior to the subglottic area, but no tumor mass in the larynx. Histological examination of biopsy specimens revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Total laryngectomy with tracheotomy was performed. After the surgery, he has been free from disease for two years. Tracheal carcinoma is relatively uncommon and is difficult to diagnose. To the best of our knowledge, tracheal carcinoma has been reported in 58 Japanese patients in the 5 years.


Heterodyne Multibeam receivers will boost the mapping performances of millimeter and submillimeter telescopes. The IRAM 30 m telescope will be equipped with an 18 channel SIS receiver for frequencies between 210 to 270 GHz. In this paper we discus the receiver system design and give arguments for the specific technological choices and their impacts on various observing modes. The electrical and cryogenic design of the receiver is presented and we discuss the theoretical and experimental performance of the receiver optics.


Romanian public administration reform is one of the main challenges Romania faces today. The development of the public services is one of the main goals of the administrative reform. This article contains information about the efforts that Romania made in the process for reform through long term development, public services evolution boosted by the financial decentralization but reduced by the effects of the financial crisis. Even though the European Commission recognized the progress made so far by the Romanian authorities, strengthening the institutional framework and stressed in particular the importance implementation of various measures, urgent needed to address the weaknesses that persist as the central government and in the local. This process is slow and the performance is compromised by the financial crisis. We are on the verge of elections time to stabilize the system although we predict that we should orient towards progress instead of stagnation.


This study used SPSS software to conduct descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis to explore the relationship between psychological contract and cross-cultural adaptation of international students in China, and found that school reality responsibility, school development responsibility and student development responsibility have significant positive effects on the psychological adaptation of international students in China, and all four dimensions of the psychological contract have significant positive effects on the study adaptation of international students in China, based on this result this Based on the results, this study proposes corresponding management measures and suggestions from the perspective of the psychological contract to improve the cross-cultural adaptation ability of international students so that they can adapt to life in China more quickly and complete their studies successfully.


Most of us have been here more than once: a critical specimen, often the only one of its kind, does not embed properly. Usually the problem is incompletely polymerized resin. After the panic subsides, a limited number of options are left, and if the specimen is irreplaceable, there are no options, other than trying to salvage it the best way you can. I've had this problem before with low viscosity resins, but the following suggestions should work for other resins as well. First of all, realize that reprocessed specimens are rarely as good as they would be if things went fine the first time around.


The paper describes a knowledge support system for administrative workflow processes. The RAPORT system is based on ontology and e-mail communication. The description of architecture and basic functionalities and components of the RAPORT system are provided in this paper.


The interplay between autoantigens and autoantibodies lies at the heart of the development of autoimmune disease. In this session, the speakers addressed a variety of issues linked by the theme of the structural basis of specificity in antigen–antibody interactions and autoantibody development. Increasing our knowledge of these key topics is essential to our understanding of precisely how autoimmune diseases 'emerge' and ultimately will guide us to their improved treatment. John Harley (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA) discussed the earliest stages in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) autoantibodies, and in particular the concept that they develop because of cross-reactivity with viral antigens.1 The immunochemistry of the autoimmune response in patients with lupus before the onset of clinical illness has been an area of concentration of the rheumatology group in Oklahoma. In their seminal paper looking at the levels of various antibodies in stored blood samples taken from American soldiers up to 10 years before the onset of lupus, they showed clearly that autoantibodies were present long before the first symptoms developed.2 These investigators had identified the earliest B-cell epitope in the anti-Ro and anti-Sm B autoimmune systems.3 In both autoimmune systems a single structure initiates B-cell autoimmunity in all such patients studied to date. In addition, these earliest autoantibodies of each system also bind Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1), at respective characteristic binding sites. Immunization of experimental animals with the EBNA-1 peptides bound by the crossreactive antibodies induced lupus autoimmunity, and in some animals a lupus-like illness. The now established association of Epstein–Barr virus infection with lupus (by recovery of viral DNA or by anti-viral serology) is partially explained by a strong association between lupus and anti-EBNA-1. Indeed, there are differences in the anti-EBNA-1 response between patients with lupus and controls in ways that would seem to increase the risk of generating a cross-reaction with the major lupus autoantigens. These results lead to the hypothesis that the autoimmune initiating event in most human lupus is an antibody (or B-cell surface immunoglobulin receptor) that arises from the antiEBNA-1 response and cross-reacts with lupus autoantigens. Recent data suggest that lupus autoimmunity inman is initiatedmost frequently with anti-60 kDRo or anti-nRNP A antibodies. Furthermore, these data suggest that autoimmunity initiates specifically in lupus with no evidence of non-specific autoimmunity (such as rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody or anti-phospholipid antibody) preceding lupus-specific autoantibody (such as anti-60 kD Ro or anti-nRNP A). Dr Harley's group interprets these data to support the hypothesis that Epstein–Barr virus infection, specifically the host immune response against EBNA-1, is involved in the pathogenesis of lupus in man. Anisur Rahman (London, UK) turned to the role of autoantigen in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although antibodies binding to a number of different phospholipid and protein antigens have been identified in patients with APS, antibodies to β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) are believed to play a particularly important role in the pathogenesis of the condition.4,5 β2GPI is comprised of five complement control protein domains, and the crystal structure of β2GPI has been published.6 The N-terminal domain (Domain I) is the major location for epitopes that bind pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (APL). Evidence for this statement comes both from the known crystal structure of the glycoprotein and from experiments in which domain deletion mutants of β2GPI have been expressed in insect cells. Mutants, which Lupus (2008) 17, 232–235


This note addresses the problem of reachable set synthesis of discrete-time Markov jump systems (MJSs) with time-varying delays and mismatched modes. The objective is to design suitable controllers to ensure the reachable set of the resulting closed-loop MJS is bounded by a prescribed set. First, by taking time-varying delays and mismatched modes into consideration, an ellipsoidal description of the reachable set is presented, which includes actual reachable states of the closed-loop MJS starting from the origin. Then, based on the description above, asynchronous reachable set controller parameters can be obtained if a set of linear matrix inequalities are feasible. Finally, an example is given to verify the validity of the obtained results.


Japan Student Loan is selected the best students from the poor college students based on the principle of equity,while China is the balance of outstanding university students from poor families and non-poor families,although the focus on equity between the two countries is different the fairness development improvement of the higher education funding system of poor students and is the inevitable.Japan's lending procedures and Student Loan Student Loan recovery system has important significance for the perfect and improvement of the financial aid system of our country poor students.


Received: Revised: Published online: 27 March, 2015 Distributed generation systems as a solution to reduce load shedding in central Africa The electricity access rate is still very low in the majority of countries of central Africa. The development of this sector is slowed down by lack of funding. New and original solutions have to be found to solve this problem. Distribution Generation Systems have seen a great development last decade in many western countries and can be used for urban and rural electrification in central Africa. This paper investigates their impact on distribution grids in central Africa. The main characteristics of distribution grid in this region are briefly presented and grid connection issues are discussed. Load flow calculations with Power Factory DIgSILENT show that integration of Distributed Generations units in the distribution grid has a benefic impact on grid operation and can reduce load shedding.


A feedforward network with a single hidden layer of ellipsoidal units is considered. A fuzzy-clustering algorithm based on a modified version of Kohonen's self-organizing feature maps is used to determine the initial number of hidden nodes and the initial estimates for the hidden layer weights. The algorithm is demonstrated to determine a minimal number of hidden nodes. Supervised learning is used to fine-tune the ellipsoids initialized by the cluster information. Generalization of the network can suffer when ellipsoidal units grow unnecessarily large during the network training. Unnecessary large ellipsoids can result in an arbitrary classification of regions in the input space far from the training patterns. The ellipsoidal fan-in function is modified so that the size of the ellipsoid generated can be controlled. An example is shown to demonstrate the utility of the cluster algorithm and the classification by networks with ellipsoidal fan-in functions.<<ETX>>


The area-interaction process and the continuum random-cluster model are characterized in terms of certain functional forms of their respective conditional intensities. In certain cases, these two point process models can be derived from a bivariate point process model which in many respects is simpler to analyse and simulate. Using this correspondence we devise a two-component Gibbs sampler, which can be used for fast and exact simulation by extending the recent ideas of Propp and Wilson. We further introduce a Swendsen-Wang type algorithm. The relevance of the results within spatial statistics as well as statistical physics is discussed.


In this paper an abstract of the Ph.D. thesis discussed at the University of Florence by the author is presented. The main focus of the thesis was in the identification and validation, both theoretical and empirical, of Object-Oriented metrics for complexity, and then, effort estimation. Complexity/effort metrics have been validated against test cases for verifying effectiveness of the estimation for evaluating development and maintenance effort.


Presentation slides describing an Arizona Centennial project to build a digital library and facilitate community discussion about why people came to Arizona, why they stayed and why they left. Presentation was made at Friendship Village, Tempe AZ, November 2011.


It is well known that there is a relationship between muscle strength and bone density, but it is uncertain whether this relationship is site specific. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of quadriceps strength to site‐specific bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia and to BMD of the forearm. In 66 healthy women, aged 21–78 years, BMD was measured in the proximal tibia and the distal forearm by dual‐photon absorptiometry. Isometric and isokinetic strength of the quadriceps was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II). Highly significant correlations between BMD of the proximal tibia and quadriceps strength were found (RS ranging from 0.79 to 0.84, p < 0.0001). Also, BMD of the distal forearm was correlated with quadriceps strength (RS ranging from 0.59 to 0.62, p < 0.0001). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, quadriceps strength was a better predictor of tibial BMD than age, body height, or weight. However, age, height, and weight were more predictive of forearm BMD than quadriceps strength. When studying the pre‐ and postmenopausal women separately, quadriceps strength was correlated with BMD of the proximal tibia but not to forearm BMD. In conclusion, the study provides support for a site‐specific relationship between muscle and bone.


Both drought and high temperature can influence the antioxidant metabolism of crop reproductive organs in different ways, affecting the fertility of reproductive organs and yield formation. However, the combined effects of drought stress and high temperature on the crop reproductive physiology have not yet been widely considered. In order to broaden our understanding of this mechanism of influence, a pond experiment was conducted using a cotton variety Yuzaomian 9110 divided into four treatment groups: control (CK), drought stress (DS), high temperature (HT), and drought stress coupled with high temperature (DS+HT). Results showed a significant negative correlation between pollen viability and superoxide anion (O2−) content, as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compared with CK, DS did not alter O2− content in anthers, but HT treatment resulted in higher anther O2−. Compared with single-stress groups, DS+HT further promoted the formation of O2− in anthers, leading to more malondialdehyde in anthers. Moreover, a higher H2O2 content in anthers was found in DS and HT than in CK. DS+HT did not show altered H2O2 content relative to HT treatment, although its H2O2 was higher than in DS. Further analyses of the antioxidant enzyme system showed that DS had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase gene (GhCu/ZnSOD) expression, but HT and DS+HT significantly downregulated its expression. The expression of GhCu/ZnSOD was lower under DS+HT than HT, which might be why O2− content was not altered under DS treatment compared with CK and was higher in DS+HT than HT. DS and HT significantly downregulated the expression of the peroxidase gene (GhPOD) and catalase gene (GhCAT), which should be the main reason for the larger accumulation of H2O2 under drought stress and high-temperature conditions. Compared with single-stress groups, DS+HT had lower expression of GhCAT, resulting in a larger H2O2 content. Regarding the ascorbic acid–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle, DS and HT significantly downregulated the expression of monodehydroascorbate reductase gene (GhMDHAR) to hinder the production of AsA and upregulated the expression of ascorbate oxidase gene (GhAAO) to promote the oxidation of AsA, which was theoretically detrimental to AsA accumulation. However, HT downregulated the expression of the ascorbate peroxidase gene (GhAPX), hindering the reduction of H2O2 by AsA, which was the reason for AsA and H2O2 accumulation. Moreover, DS also significantly upregulated the expression of the dehydroascorbate reductase gene (GhDHAR2) to enhance the reduction of dehydroascorbate to form AsA, leading to a higher content of AsA under DS than HT. The combined stress significantly downregulated the expression of GhAAO to inhibit the oxidation of AsA but significantly upregulated the expression of GhMDHAR and GhDHAR2, promoting the AsA production, and downregulated the expression of GhAPX, hindering the reduction of H2O2 by AsA. All these resulted in increased AsA content under combined stresses. In addition, HT significantly downregulated the glutathione reductase gene (GhGR) expression, hindering the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which led to the reduction of GSH. However, DS and DS+HT significantly downregulated the glutathione peroxidase gene (GhGPX) expression, resulting in the accumulation of GSH. Overall, compared with single-stress treatments, the effects of DS+HT on cotton pollen fertility and peroxide accumulation were more significant. The effects of DS+HT on the antioxidant enzyme system were mainly caused by high temperature, while the mechanism of abnormal accumulation of AsA and GSH caused by DS+HT was different from those of single-stress groups.


Based on the standardized patient satisfaction record and PDCA principle, the data are mined and analyzed to target key points of medical service quality management promotion, make countermeasures, assess the effect of quality promotion countermeasures and assess departments and their director. It has shaped a scientific assessment method and system, established healthy quality management culture and patient satisfaction and medical service quality are significantly promoted.


Abstract Let L be a finitely generated free Lie p-algebra and hai an ideal generated by a 2 L. It is proved that L=hai is free if and only if hai is primitive (i.e. a belongs to some set of free generators of L). Earlier analogues theorems were proved for some objects, for example, for groups, Lie algebras, free algebras and so on.


A new pixel assembly concept for high energy physics experiments at the HL-LHC is investigated. It answers the challenges posed by the high instantaneous luminosities, resulting in high track densities and radiation damage. It employs five novel technologies: n-in-p pixel sensors, thin pixel sensors, slim edges with or without implanted sensor sides, and 3D-integration incorporating a new interconnection technology, named Solid Liquid InterDiffusion (SLID) as well as Inter-Chip-Vias (ICV).


Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) led to the isolation of one new keto alcohol characterized as n-tricont-1-ol-21-one, two new triterpenic glucosides 18α-H-urs- 12-en-3 β-ol- β-D-glucuronopyranoside (18-epi-α-amyrin glucuronoside) and 3 β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid α-D-arabinofuranoside (oleanolic acid arabinoside) along with the known compounds Urs-12-en-3β–ol-3-β-Dglucopyranoside (α -Amyrin glucopyranoside), Olean-12-en-3β–ol-3-β-D- glucopyranoside (β -Amyrin glucopyranoside). The structures of all these phytoconstituents have been elucidated on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FAB MS spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.


Thanks to the "Duplicazione e Rinascita" (Duplication and Rebirth) Project, funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and aimed at supporting the Baghdad Museum, since the beginning of the year 2000 studies have begun in ENEA, with the purpose of protecting material goods and the great deal of knowledge of the ancient civilizations flourished in the ancient Mesopotamia, now Iraq. Although the studies, projects and activities carried out share the use of data processing in the broadest sense, they focus on three different lines of research, which have faced and are still facing the problem of preservation of ancient artifacts or – equally important – maintenance and dissemination of ancient knowledge from different standpoints. The three technologies at issue are, respectively: the Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping; the integration of Language Technologies (Multilingual Text Mining) and GRID Technologies in the ENEA-GRID infrastructure, for the analysis of ancient texts in Assyriology; the use of ICT technologies for the collection, use and dissemination of cultural resources


Purpose: This research studies how the security-related outsourcing strategies and negotiation power of the public sector and the military and the relevant logistics service providers influence for indirect logistics costs. Design/methodology/approach: A tentative model was devised from theoretical literature comparing how logistics strategy and negotiating power impact for total logistics costs through improved service quality and/or unit-cost reductions. The model was tested using survey data from 149 respondents from the Finnish Defence Forces, and the public sector and industrial firms in Finland via structural equation modelling analysis. Findings: Contrary to the approach of classic assumption, where negotiating power correlates with strategy, the findings indicate that negotiating power and strategy do not correlate. However, together they affect direct costs and perceived service quality, which consequently decreases the indirect logistics costs. Research limitations/implications: By understanding different impacts of strategy and negotiation power on direct logistics cost and perceived service quality, buyer of the logistics services may increase the service performance of their supply chain. The data is collected from one country, which may cause bias. Further studies would be required to test this research proposal in other countries. Practical implications: To obtain improve service performance of the supply chain, buyers of logistics services could learn from the public sector and the military on how to use negotiating power and strategy to obtain better service in addition to short-term cost reductions, as both of them explains reduced costs in the long run. Originality/value: This study is important to practitioners as well as academics since there is little quantitative research available regarding importance of logistics strategy and its impact to negation power and service performance of the supply chain.


This paper makes an in-depth study on the establishment of the thermodynamic model of the new energy vehicle thermal management system test bench. The model can support the refrigeration filling capacity condition, system refrigeration condition, system heating condition, system dehumidification condition and system defrosting condition, and can simulate the filling capacity of new refrigerants such as R134a, HFO, CO2 and R290. The model can quickly simulate and calculate the dry and wet bulb temperature, component inlet and outlet pressure, air flow, refrigeration capacity and heating capacity of the new energy vehicle thermal management system test-bed under different working conditions.


Abstract Epoxy compounds of ED-20 and maleic anhydride are rapidly cured in microwave field. Properties of the epoxy-anhydride compounds have been studied. Thermomechanical parameters of the polymers have slightly lower values as compared to the thermally cured analogue. Microhardness, resistance to compression and thermal stability of the samples cured in microwave field are very similar to those of thermally cured epoxy compound.


Scheme 1 . Molecular structures of PDTSBTz and PDTSTTz . In recent years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention because of their advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, light weight, and the capability to fabricate fl exible large-area devices. [ 1–5 ] The key issue in studies of PSCs is the power conversion effi ciency (PCE) of the devices. The factors that determine the PCE of the PSCs are the open-circuit voltage ( V OC ), short-circuit current ( J SC ), and fi ll factor (FF). V OC is limited by the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor. [ 6 ] The J SC is closely related to the absorption capacity and charge-carrier mobility of the photovoltaic materials, and the FF is infl uenced by the charge-carrier mobility of the photoactive layer. Higher charge-carrier mobility results in larger J SC and higher FF values. [ 7 ] The photoactive layer of PSCs is commonly composed of a blend of a conjugated polymer donor and a fullerene derivative acceptor such as [6,6]-phenyl-C 60 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C 70 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM). Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PC 60 BM are the most representative donor and acceptor materials, and the PCE values of PSCs based on P3HT/PCBM can reach over 4%. [ 8 ] Nevertheless, the relatively large bandgap and higher-lying HOMO energy level ( − 4.76 eV) [ 9 ] of P3HT signifi cantly limits the J SC and V OC values ( V OC is limited to ca. 0.6 V) of PSCs based on P3HT/ PCBM. In order to improve the visible absorption and decrease the HOMO energy level of conjugated polymers, design and synthesis of donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers has been proven to be the most successful strategy. [ 10–17 ] With this strategy, the PCE of the PSCs using new D–A copolymers as donor materials has recently reached up to 6–7%. [ 16 , 17 ]


Historians of music by women face both practical and conceptual challenges, from misguided assumptions about the creative powers of women to the problems of working with music that is often unpublished, unrecorded and which has been bypassed in terms of serious critical discourse. Laura Seddon's excellent and important book engages with a previously neglected tranche of British repertoire, focusing on instrumental chamber music by composers whose names are less familiar to most than Dame Ethel Smyth (though her music is also discussed): Edith Swepstone, Adela Maddison, Ethel Barns, Susan Spain-Dunk, Morfydd Owen and others. Seddon outlines the critical context for these issues in her introduction, in which she also justifies the examination of instrumental chamber music (rather than vocal music, for example, and excluding solo piano music) on account of the rise of interest in this genre in the early part of the twentieth century, and on account of what she identifies as particular 'stylistic adventurousness' (p. 2) in women's chamber music. A driving factor in the shape of a woman's opportunity to be a composer, or even to compose at all, was her socioeconomic position. Class, as Seddon shows, affected practicalities (such as whether Dorothy Howell could take a train to London independently during her training at the Royal Academic of Music) as well as opportunities for musical education. Piano lessons were almost obligatory for young women of the middle and upper classes. Approximately half of the women composers in Seddon's research married, some finding positive support from their husbands for their creative activities; those who did not marry sometimes preferred to partner with other women, though the sexual preferences of women in this period are often difficult to establish and were, in any case, not necessarily fixed. Most women accessed higher education at London conservatories, especially at the Royal Academy of Music, making the capital the most obvious location for the foundation of the Society of Women Musicians (SWM). Chamber music was viewed as a 'purifying force' in society at this time, and women such as Barns, Katherine Eggar and Alice Verne-Bredt were more prominently involved in its rise than history remembers. Composition competitions played a key role in encouraging new work, as did music societies, and these social networks fostered


Abstract α‐Amino acid derivatives are key components of the molecules of life. The synthesis of α‐amino carbonyl/carboxyl compounds is a contemporary challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a practical method for the preparation of α‐amino acid derivatives via direct hydrative amination of activated alkynes under mild conditions, relying on sulfinamides as the nitrogen source. Computational studies suggest that the reaction is enabled by a new type of sulfonium [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement.


The present life style which has contributed to ever increasing smokers population and thanks to the pollution in majority of the cities across the country the lung carcinomas are quiet commonly encountered in radiological practice. The stigma through which the person and the family have to undergo before confirming the diagnosis is enormous. So the radiographic methods of diagnosing the malignancies have to improve. Before confirming the diagnosis, the radiologists, the treating physicians should be somewhat confident about the diagnosis so as to prepare the patients and their relatives for the most probable diagnosis before the confirmatory report. The confirmatory procedures include the PET scan and the Histopathology. Both are time consuming procedures and in an economy like ours, finding a PET scanning centre is rather difficult. So this study puts in an effort to find the efficacy of CT in diagnosing a lung carcinoma.


Research shows the influence of campaign contributions on congressional behavior is infrequent, but more pronounced in certain situations and for certain types of legislators. But it is unclear if these theories apply at the state level. This study examines the impact of campaign contributions in three state legislatures; results show group contributions impact roll call voting in a significant minority of cases and significant relationships are more likely for business and labor contributions, as at the national level. However, the analysis also shows there is variation in the pattern of influence across the states, which is not related to issue salience in all states.


In general, carotenoids such as provitamin A and non-provitamin A have various functions in the human health.' Our previous study showed that carotenoids play roles in the color changes in banana peels during ripening.2'3 Oxygenated carotenoids in most fruits, vegetables and flowers, are usually esterified with a fatty acid ester such as a lutein myristate ester.28 At present, most studies on carotenoid fatty acid esters (CFAE) have stressed their analytical methods48, so the characteristics of CFAE are not studied completely. This may be due to difficulties in preparation of a pure CFAE on a big scale, because large amounts of cellular lipid disturb extraction of CFAE from their natural sources. On the other hand, Khachik and his coworkers had reported that CFAE can be synthesized partially by esterifying the oxygenated carotenoid with fatty acid chloride.46 Therefore, we have extended our attention to the preparation of lutein and its myristate esters. Since Marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) are rich sources of lutein'°8, we tried to prepare the free lutein (FL) from extracts of this flower, and we have esterified this oxygenated carotenoid with myristoyl chloride.


My last column continued with some thoughts about the challenge and importance of measurement and instrumentation. After preparing that column, the I&M Society officers attended the annual strategy meeting and discussed the future of the society.


The reaction between haematoxylin reagent and eight antihistaminic drugs (chlorpheniramine maleate, pheniramine maleate, cyproheptadine hydrochloride; astemizole, terfenadine, ranitidine hydrochloride, famotidine and cimitidine) was investigated and utilized as the basis for a new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure for their determinations. The procedure is based on the reaction of the methanolic solution of the anti-histaminic compounds with haematoxylin reagent in 3x10-3 M boric acid to give a reddish-violet colour (lmax 555 nm). The absorbance was linear with all compounds over the 5-200 µg/ml general concentration range of the final measured antihistamine base solution. A good correlation was found between log A (1%, 1 cm) and pka values for six of the studied drugs. The method can be applied successfully to the analysis of commercially available tablet formulations. No interference was observed due to additives which are commonly present in tablet formulations or coformulated compounds such as phenazone, phenazone salicylate, sodium salicylate paracetamol, propyphenazone and caffeine.


In traditional strategy based on Center Pattern Generator (CPG), stance phases and swing phases are always fixed and their durations equal to each other approximately. Few CPG models care about the control of the knee joints under quadrupeds. In view of these deficiencies, this paper presents a model which is used to generate trajectories both for hips and for knees. The model has two desirable properties relative to the conventions. First, the knee joints are integrated with the hip joints into the CPG model. Then, a selector can adjust the duration of the stance phases and of the swing phases. Further more, the idea of the selector isn't confined to a specific neural oscillator or an explicit model. Experiments demonstrate that the model is effective for legged robots control and its ratio of phases can be varied flexibly.


The goal in this study was to examine the characteristics of the nursing staff's work organization with regard to bed baths. This observational study was con...


Novel copper (Cu) film composed of pillar-like structure was synthesized on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate by electrodeposition in acetate bath with proline as additive for the first time and used to construct nonenzymatic glucose sensor. When applied to detect glucose, such prepared electrode showed low operating potential (0.4 V), high sensitivity (699.4499 µA mM−1 cm−2), and fast response time (<3 s) compared with other Cu-based electrodes. In addition, the prepared electrode also offered good anti-interference ability to ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen. Present study provides new insights into the control of Cu film morphology for sensor fabrication.


As a result of a broad range of reforms, one significant change in the governance landscape in China is the multiple forms of enterprise ownership. This empirical study investigates differences between private and collective forms of organizations in China's transformation economy on managerial beliefs, using the dimensions of trust and procedural justice and how these views influence managers' decision‐making behavior. The findings of the study suggest that there are differences in the emphasis managers place on trust and procedural justice in collectively and privately owned enterprises and that these managerial beliefs have a positive effect on decision making within these forms of enterprise.


In this paper, the concepts of software component technology are introduced in details.A developing model for enterprises of various domains based on software component technology is brought out. Then an example of enterprise management analysis system based on component development method is described, including the partitions and characteristics of system components. Finally, some problems of implementing of enterprise management analysis system are discussed.


Abstract : The events of September II, 2001, set in motion a revolution in the field of security and security-related research The use of biometrics for the purpose of ascertaining an individual's unique characteristics is not a new idea but the September II, 2001, terrorist attacks upon the United States helped to propel the industry into the front lines of the Global War on Terrorism Due to the great potential for the exposure of private, individual information to would be criminals, the industry and the government are now facing a myriad of questions regarding societal and ethical implications associated with the widespread use of this technology


To understand the wide variety of clinical outcomes in children with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and examine evidence for the proposed neuropsychological syndrome reported in adults with primary AgCC.


Abstract The direct removal of arsenate (AsO43−) and chromate (CrO42−) from water were achieved using a Fe3+-bis-ethylenediamine complex-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica with a 20% organosilane content (Fe-EDPMO-20). The bridged Fe3+-bis-ethylenediamine complex was introduced to the pore wall of the PMO by combining the pre-complexation and co-condensation processes. N,N′-bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TESEN) and tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) as silica precursors were used with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as a surfactant under basic conditions for the preparation of highly ordered Fe-EDPMO-20. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements confirmed that the Fe-EDPMO-20 had an ordered hexagonal p6mm mesostructure. The material had a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 734 m2 g−1, pore diameter of 2.6 nm, and pore volume of 0.61 cm3 g−1. UV-vis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Fe3+ was embedded in the coordination site by the nitrogen atoms from ethylenediamine. The adsorption efficiencies of arsenate and chromate ions by Fe-EDPMO-20 were examined as a function of pH, stirring time, amount of adsorbent, and initial concentration of metal ion solution. The maximum adsorption for arsenate and chromate were 156 and 102 mg g−1 within 6 and 24 h, respectively, at pH 4.


The Minkowski functionals, including the Euler characteristic statistics, are standard tools for morphological analysis in cosmology. Motivated by cosmic research, we examine the Minkowski functional of the excursion set for an isotropic central limit random field, whose k-point correlation functions (kth-order cumulants) have the same structure as that assumed in cosmic research. Using 3- and 4-point correlation functions, we derive the asymptotic expansions of the Euler characteristic density, which is the building block of the Minkowski functional. The resulting formula reveals the types of non-Gaussianity that cannot be captured by the Minkowski functionals. As an example, we consider an isotropic chi-squared random field and confirm that the asymptotic expansion accurately approximates the true Euler characteristic density.


Complete 1H and 13C spectral assignments are reported for lupeol (1a) and two derivatives where the C‐30 methyl group is replaced by CH2OH (1b) and HC O (1c). Compound 1c shows conformationally dependent substituent effects on 1H chemical shifts. It also shows line broadening of some 13C signals at 25 °C, suggesting hindered rotation of the side‐chain group. This is confirmed by low‐temperature spectra which show splitting of broadened peaks into pairs in a ca 2 : 1 area ratio. The free energy of activation of hindered rotation is estimated as 13.5 kcal mol−1. By contrast, 1a shows no evidence of hindered rotation down to −40 °C although NOE data suggest the presence of two conformers. Spartan molecular mechanics calculations confirm the presence of two stable conformers for 1a and 1c but overestimate the rotational barrier in 1a. The additional barrier in 1c probably reflects loss of conjugative stabilization during rotation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this article is to explore the effect of divisive nominating campaigns within the Democratic party on the party's success in presidential elections. Divisiveness is defined as a function of the nominating method and the margin of victory. The individual and combined effects of each variable on Democratic party success is measured through bivariate, multivariate, and probit analyses. The results show that divisiveness hurts the Democratic party's prospects for winning the general election after controlling for state party orientation and incumbency. Democrats are more likely to lose states that use a divisive nominating mechanism (presidential primary) and win states that use a nondivisive mechanism (caucus). Moreover, among presidential primary states, divisiveness predicated upon margin of victory is strongly related to outcomes. Democrats are more likely to win primary states decided by wide margins and lose those states decided by narrow margins. The analysis covers every presidential primary, caucus, and general election outcome in individual states from 1932 to 1992.


In this paper we compare some aspects of the design and analysis of one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) storage systems. We show that for modulation codes and for the detection of signals corrupted by intersymbol interference and additive white Gaussian noise, the design and analysis is much more complicated in the 2-D case as compared with the 1-D case. However, we show that the reverse is true for the design of burst error correcting cyclic codes. That is, we show that one must carefully choose the generator polynomial to obtain a good 1-D burst error correcting code but using a cyclic product code, any arbitrary generator polynomials for the row code and for the column code can produce a good 2-D burst error correcting code.


Henry James needed an imagination of Evil; it was a requirement of his artistic vocation as well as his personal identity. He had a huge ambition not only for his own fiction, but for the novel generally, which in his moment was still an adolescent inhabiting the outskirts of cultural respectability, where film (or "the movies") lived twenty years ago. James worked as a propagandist for the genre, playing a kind of shell game by worrying in his essays or prefaces over various aspects of fictional composition, as though one could simply assume for it the serious stature of lyric, epic, and dramatic poetry. But when in his own work he wanted to connect allusively to these established literary traditions, the problem of Evil became his chief conduit. I want here to examine this process in two of James's most famous short works, Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw, and one of the great novels, The Portrait of a Lady, to question why Evil so dominates his imagination when the very concept had, by his own estimation, become creaky, suspect, lame.


The paper presentes the technology of 3D Laser Scanning,and introduces to combine it with GPS control surveying.By the technology of 3D Laser Scanning,three-dimension model of a object will be obtained,by GPS control surveying,high-precision plane coordinate transformation datums will be supplied.Then we will get plane coordinates of the object in the local coordinate system using two-dimension coordinate transformation model.The results of 3D Laser Scanning are converting to local coordinate system,and also analyze the precision of the coordinate transformation.


Pseudothurmanniid ammonites within Up per Hauterivian cal car e ous de pos its are pres ent in quar ries on Polomec Hill near the vil lage of Lietavská Lúèka, Slovakia. These de pos its be long to the Mráznica For ma tion of the Krížna Nappe that is a part of the Fatricum Unit in the Cen tral West ern Carpathians. Nine ammonite spe cies are de scribed in de tail, one of which, Binelliceras michalíki, is new. The spe cies iden ti fied in di cate the Up per Hauterivian Balearis and Ohmi ammonite zones. The zone of the up per most Hauterivian, Catulloi Zone, is not doc u mented as far as pseudothurmanniid ammonites are con cerned. The lack of de vel op men tally youn ger rep re sen ta tives of the pseudothurmanniid ammonites nei ther in the stud ied lo cal ity, nor in other Slo vak lo cal i ties, is ex plained by marked changes in the north ern Tethyan mar gin in Eu rope dur ing the lat est Hauterivian.