Academic lecturing is a chief form of classroom instruction,which poses a great challenge to university students in their major learning,due to their lack of discourse structure knowledge of lectures. Phasal analysis,an efficient tool for uncovering the underlying macrostructure of academic lectures,posits that a lecture discourse comprises individual yet interrelated phases as a coherent whole. From the systemic-functional perspective,this paper examines the major constituent phases in a lecture discourse by taking account of the relationship between the semantic metafunctions such as ideational,interpersonal and textual and the linguistic choice realizing these functions. It suggests also that phasal analysis may provide insights for language teaching in general,and academic listening in particular,i.e. constant exposures to discourses of such macrostructure for constructing the corresponding schema in the long-term memory will enable learners to better comprehend academic lecture discourse.


This paper reviews CT using in acute brain vascular and brain injury in 78 cases. It thinks that CT has important value for the local and property diagnosis.The accurate evidence of diagnosis and treatment was provided.


Through analyzing the possible flaw position of the high-pressured bolt,we determine to carry on non-destructive testing for the body of the high-pressured blot, according to the JB/T4730-2005 standard.


This article describes cable systems in the United States and the ongoing processes of commercialization and concentration, as well as accompanying critical trends in technological development. Current policy issues are covered as a background to our discussion of issues relating to the nature of public communication in the U.S. The principle issues dealt with in this article are the closely related matters of what defines a public forum in the U.S. context of cable television and whose rights of freedom of expression must be considered in deciding the future structure of the industry.


Background: Recent studies investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but the results are inconclusive. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of obesity on the association between NAFLD and DKD in a large cohort of participants with T2DM. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 3,439 patients (1,710 men and 1,729 women) with T2DM were recruited from the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome cohort between 2003 and 2016. NAFLD was defined by ultrasonographic detection of steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases. Advanced fibrosis was defined as FIB4 index ≥ 1.45. DKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of Results: The mean age was 57.4 ± 10.3 years and duration of diabetes was 7.7 ± 7.1 years. Two hundred and fifty subjects (7.3%) had DKD and 1869 (54.3%) subjects had NAFLD. The prevalence of DKD were 7.0%, 4.5% and 11.9% in no-NAFLD group, liver steatosis only group and advanced fibrosis group respectively (p Conclusion: This study suggests that advanced liver fibrosis, a severe form of NAFLD, was independently associated with increased risk of DKD in non-obese patients with T2DM. Disclosure D. Seo: None. Y. Cho: None. S. Ahn: None. S. Hong: None. Y. Lee: None. Y. Choi: None. B. Huh: None. K. Huh: None. S. Kim: None.


The COVID-19 pandemic led to many consultations being conducted remotely. Cognitive impairment is recognized as a potential barrier to remote health care interactions and is common and heterogeneous in Parkinson disease. Studies have shown remote consultations in Parkinson disease to be feasible, but little is known about real-life experience, especially for those with cognitive impairment. We explored the experiences and perceptions of remote consultations for people with Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment.

 This study aimed to explore the experiences of remote consultations for people with Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment from the perspective of service users and professionals and investigate considerations for future service delivery.

 Semistructured interviews were conducted remotely with 11 people with Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment, 10 family caregivers, and 24 health care professionals (HCPs) between 2020 and 2021. Purposive sampling was used. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

 Overall, four themes were identified: "the nature of remote interactions," "challenges exacerbated by being remote," "expectation versus reality," and "optimizing for the future." Remote consultations were considered as "transactional" and less personal, with difficulties in building rapport, and considered to play a different role from that of in-person consultations. The loss of nonverbal communication and ability of HCPs to sense led to remote consultations being perceived as riskier by all groups. Issues arising from communication and cognitive impairment, balancing the voices of the person with Parkinson disease and the caregiver, and discussions of the future affect this population specifically. Remote consultations were reported to have been more successful than anticipated in all 3 groups. Obstacles were not always as expected; for example, age was less of a barrier than predicted. Video consultations were perceived as being preferable to telephone consultations by many participants, but not accessible to all people with Parkinson disease. With widespread expectation of ongoing remote consultations, potential improvements for these 3 groups and health care services were identified, including practice, preparation, increased awareness of issues, expectation management by HCPs, and more time and flexibility for consultations.

 Advantages and challenges of remote consultations for this population are identified. Consultations could be improved with increased support, practice, preparation, awareness of issues, and more time and flexibility within services.


Bovine neutrophils perform numerous effector functions to overcome microbial invasions by utilizing innately-equipped intracellular and extracellular killing mechanisms. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of quercetin hydrate (QH), an herbal flavonoid compound, on bovine neutrophil functional activities. Isolated neutrophils were incubated with various concentrations of QH (0-100 mM). Neutrophil viability results showed no signs of cytotoxicity ( p = 0.33). In other assays, neutrophils were stimulated with a pre-defined concentration of QH (50 mM). Results showed promising effects of QH on enhancing intracellular ROS generation ( p < 0.0001) compared to control. Phagocytic activity of fluorescently labeled E.coli was also augmented by the effects of this compound ( p = 0.05). However, intracellular killing of live E.coli quantified by MTT assay demonstrated a slight decrease in activity ( p = 0.304). Additionally, extracellular killing driven by NET-DNA release was remarkably higher in QH-stimulated cells ( p = 0.0004). Supplementation of QH to LPS stimulated neutrophils resulted in significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1b ( p < 0.0001) and TNF-a gene expression ( p = 0.004). Taken together, quercetin could exert its noteworthy actions, both at cellular and molecular levels, at a certain physiological concentration.


Using SVD a reconstruction consistent with the minimum norm criteria is derived. The resulting algorithm is able to profile an arbitrary target bearing distribution from the readings received at an arbitrary number of sensors with arbitrary directional characteristics and locations; in a noisy environment. The algorithm produced using this method represents an advance on previous multiple snapshot techniques designed to identify a limited number of point targets through parametric search. The more rapid process of a single matrix decomposition is employed to give the minimum norm estimate applicable to an arbitrary target profile-this being derived in principle from a single snapshot. The algorithm is well suited to the inclusion of a priori knowledge, which gives flexibility in speed and resolution.<<ETX>>


Public areas situated in the vicinity of watercourses or water reservoirs in towns are not only extremely attractive locations from the perspective of urban planning, but frequently their quality directly affects the image of the whole town. This is due to the fact that these areas usually abound with natural and cultural assets of high aesthetic value. Unfortunately, they are often burdened with unsolved spatial problems, which result from the wrong approach to the issue of development, wrong organization and planning of traffic routes or poor awareness of the public regarding the question of how such places could be designed. It is important to implement a comprehensive set of actions aiming to improve the quality of these areas.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
To present expert consensus recommendations for a standard set of research assessments in insomnia, reporting standards for these assessments, and recommendations for future research.

PARTICIPANTS
N/A.

INTERVENTIONS
N/A.

METHODS AND RESULTS
An expert panel of 25 researchers reviewed the available literature on insomnia research assessments. Preliminary recommendations were reviewed and discussed at a meeting on March 10-11, 2005. These recommendations were further refined during writing of the current paper. The resulting key recommendations for standard research assessment of insomnia disorders include definitions/diagnosis of insomnia and comorbid conditions; measures of sleep and insomnia, including qualitative insomnia measures, diary, polysomnography, and actigraphy; and measures of the waking correlates and consequences of insomnia disorders, such as fatigue, sleepiness, mood, performance, and quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS
Adoption of a standard research assessment of insomnia disorders will facilitate comparisons among different studies and advance the state of knowledge. These recommendations are not intended to be static but must be periodically revised to accommodate further developments and evidence in the field.


The value of water in each of its uses and the physical production function describing the possible combinations of uses must be known to manage a river optimally. One aspect of the physical production function on the Columbia River, the relationship between the state of the navigation channel and streamflow characteristics, was derived by regression analysis on each of the 28 bars between Vancouver, Washington, and the Pacific Ocean. The regression equations were used to predict dredging costs for three hypothetical streamflow patterns. The predictions suggest that dredging costs are quite sensitive to relatively small differences in the magnitude and character of the annual streamflow pattern.


The progressive nature of the JPEG2000 coded bitstream allows the reconstruction of images of different qualities from a single coded bitstream. This feature is utilized in this work to estimate the mean-squared-error (MSE) of reconstructed images without requiring the original image. It is based on the fact that if the MSE between the original image and a lower quality image is known, the MSE for higher quality images can be estimated from a quality scalable bitstream. The proposed method is highly accurate and is very simple as no complex statistical modeling is needed. Therefore, it is suitable to measure the fidelity of JPEG2000 decoded images at any desired quality in a real-time scenario.


Goose pancreatic polypeptide was isolated in crystalline form from goose pancreas. Its amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation and compared with avian pancreatic polypeptide.


I shall here describe an actual experiment conducted at the Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital in Lyons, France. The mental hospital in which this rehabilitation program was developed and conducted contained 3 inpatient units that cared for 135 patients who, for the most part, had been hospitalized for many years. The premises were dilapidated, with dormitories or, in some places, cubicles without doors and large communal rooms for daytime use. What the three units had in common were no discharges and no new admissions, these being handled by other services. The three units formed a separate world, and had not benefited from the major improvements that had taken place in the rest of the hospital. The program began on 4 January 1982 and lasted for five years. The content of the program varied over these five years.


Pure Ni and electroless Ni‐P coating (ENPC) were passivated by a chemical conversion treatment. The passive films formed on pure Ni and ENPCs (with content of P 2.9, 7.2 and 11.7 at.% respectively) were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). High‐resolution XPS was also used to analyze the chemical states of the elements detected in the passive films. The results indicated that the detected Ni and P were in elemental states, and no compound with Ni and P element was detected in passive film, meaning that Ni and P did not participate in the formation of the passive film. The content of film‐forming reaction product in passive film increases with the content of element P in Ni‐P coating, suggesting that the nonmetallic P in Ni‐P coating played an important role in the formation of the passive film. The XPS results were used to analyze the formation mechanism of the passive film. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A half century since the publication of the structure of the DNA molecule (2), the sequence of the human genome is complete. Some expect this achievement to be translated into advances in medicine and public health relatively rapidly (3– 6). Proponents of this approach tend to focus on the potential to tailor primary prevention, secondary prevention, or therapy on the basis of genetic information. It is also possible that a better understanding of genetic effects and gene environment interactions in disease processes will allow us to develop better interventions, such as avoidance of defined exposures and chemoprevention, to apply to the general population (7). Others are more skeptical (8–13). A key element in translation will be the application of epidemio logic studies to evaluate the role of genetic variants in the etiology of human disease (1). There has been a tremendous increase in the number and scope of peer-reviewed articles on human genome epidemiology, which has generated in turn the challenge of integrating these data, and this has led to many reviews of gene-disease associations and to gene gene and gene-environment interaction in response. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the expe rience gained in integrating evidence in the Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) reviews and to suggest changes that may encourage more investigators to contribute reviews and to respond to changes in the character of the evidence. HuGE reviews were established as a means of integrating evidence from human genome epidemiologic studies, that is, population-based studies of the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease (14). HuGE reviews are systematic, peer-reviewed synopses of epidemiologic aspects of human genes, including prevalence of allelic vari ants in different populations, population-based information on disease risk, evidence for gene-environment interaction, and quantitative data on genetic tests and services. They are carried out according to specified guidelines (15). As of February 2003, 20 such reviews have been published (table


In this paper, an effective ionization coefficient for 4H-SiC is extracted in the form of c .E from ionization coefficients of electron and hole. Analytical expressions for critical electric field and breakdown voltage of 4H-SiC pn junction are derived by employing the effective ionization coefficient. The analytic results agree well with the experimental ones reported within 10% in error for the doping concentration in the range of 10 cm ~10 cm . .


D. N. Copsey et al., Genetically Engineered Human Therapeutic Drugs, 1988, pp. 13 and 109-111. A. L. Luzzati et al., Nature 269: 419-420, 29 Sep. 1977. S. Gillis, Fundamental Immunology, Second Edition, pp. 621-638, 1989. Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Prac tice, 1983, pp. 37, 71 and 85. M. G. Goodman, "Immunobiologic Properties of the C8-Derivatized Guanine Ribonucleosides', Biomedi cine & Pharmacotheraphy, 37, 344-350 (1983). M. G. Goodman et al., "Derivatized Guanine Nucleo sides: A New Class of Adjuvant for In Vitro Antibody Responses", J. of Immuno., 130, 2580-2585 (1983). L. Danielsson et al., "Effect of Cytokines on Specific In Vitro Immunization of Human Peripheral B Lympho


ABSTRACT Against liberal and Marxist expectation, ethnic nationalism is increasing. Ethnicity as such is not necessarily bad and may meet human needs for recognition in an increasingly impersonal global society. However, the desire for separate and exclusive nationhood for ethnic groups such as we are seeing in Yugoslavia is divisive and damaging. The paper asks whether religion plays an important role in maximizing or minimizing ethnic exclusiveness. It notes that in fact religious and ethnic conflict are closely linked in many places. Durkheim's views that religion provides sacred ontological legitimation for the identity of a particular society seem to be true, at a small and ethnic level rather than at a larger multi‐ethnic level. We may therefore expect that religion will play a role in ethnic exclusivism in South Africa too. There are parallels between Eastern European countries and South Africa – the collapse of a previous ideology, the threatened failure to hold together a society of different eth...


John Harden, Dept. of Psychology, Stephen F. Austin State University firstname.lastname@example.com Previous research has suggested that errors of spelling can somewhat negatively impact reader perceptions of an author's writing and cognitive abilities (e.g., Kreiner, Schnakenberg, Green, Costello, & McClin 2002; Harden, Johnson, West, & Lancaster 2009). Past research, however, has not take into account the differences inherent in certain error types. The current research sought to extend upon previous findings with the inclusion of a new error type. The new error type is referred to as an error of orthography, and is operationally defined as an error of spelling that might impact the context of the sentence to which it belongs (e.g., "which" versus "witch").


This paper analyzes deficiencies in the course teaching of computer network technology. Combined with the characteristics of computer network-related jobs. this paper builds a Work-process oriented, Work-task Derived "Computer network technology" course teaching model.


An important constituents for image classification is the identification of significant characterstics about the specific class to distinguish intra class variations. Since performance of the classifiers is affected in the presence of noise, so selection of discriminative features is an important phase in classification. This superfluous information i.e. noise, e.g. additive noise may occur in images due to image sensors i.e. of the constant noise level in dark areas of the image or salt & pepper noise may be caused by analog to digitals conversion and bit error transmission etc.. Detection of noise is also very essential in the images for choosing appropriate filter. This paper presents an experimental assessment of neural classifier in terms of classification accuracy under three different constraints of images without noise, in presence of unknown noise and after elimination of noise.


In this paper, we disclose a conceptually different approach to obtaining both enantiomers; choice of enatiofacial selectivity by use of the enatiomerically same chiral source and different achiral ligands. Both enantiomers of the Diels-Alder adducts between e-acyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and cyclopentadiene were prepared by chiral lanthanides(III)-catalyzed reactions using the same chiral source, (R)-(+)-binaphthol. It is noted that the chiral catalysts with reverse enantiofacial selectivities could be prepared by using the same chiral source and a choice of achiral ligands. 14 refs., 3 tabs.


Limitations: The reporting of "people reached" does not convey the type, scale and quality of assistance and services people in need have received. The information does not include the Syrian Arab Red Crescent assistance and other organizations that is not reported under the HRP. The data does not reflect International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) assistance. Figures reflected are indicative and subject to change and overwrites previous monthly figures as appropriate. PIN 8.6M PIN 2.43M


Abstract
The impact of environmental sustainability and knowledge dynamics on entrepreneurial growth and internationalization could do with added research focus. However, the rising importance of corporate sustainability and social responsibility in global business and entrepreneurship increasingly requires that these interdependencies be assessed. We assess these dynamics empirically through both quantitative and qualitative analyses. With the former, we employ a cross-sectional sample of Finnish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to illustrate the impact of learning orientation and environmental sustainability on their growth and internationalization. Specifically, we find that their impacts on entrepreneurial growth depend on the stage of their internationalization: Learning orientation predicts first foreign market entry among the enterprises, while environmental orientation predicts the subsequent performance among internationally operating enterprises. In addition, we find no moderation or mediation effects between learning orientation and sustainability, suggesting that their impacts are distinct from each other. We conclude by discussing these results and their implications on international entrepreneurial growth, and knowledge and sustainability dynamics in the entrepreneurial context.


Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) are primarily intended to help drivers in traffic and to increase driving safety. Today a large number of engineers are developing different algorithms for ADAS. This results in large quantity of written program codes on a daily basis, which has to be tested. Note that a manual testing and writing a code for the manual testing is an arduous task. To satisfy the increasing testing needs, and to accelerate the testing process, we developed a graphical environment that allows users to create automated tests quickly and efficiently by a simple drag and drop method. The environment was created using a Node.js server, MongoDB and Blockly. Blockly was used to create blocks and to combine blocks to make scripts, i.e., automated tests for ADAS. Node.js was used to save blocks into the MongoDB database and to load existing blocks into the environment. The environment enables users to use existing blocks to create Python scripts and their own blocks which can be used to create Python scripts, and to edit or remove existing blocks. The environment was tested manually. Testing results showed that all functionalities work properly and that the environment enables users to generate different scripts for automated testing in an order of seconds.


A novel PABSA modified glassy carbon electrode(PABSA/GCE) was fabricated by electropolymerizing PABSA on the surface of GC electrode.Morin can effectively accumulate on the electrode for the π-π stacking reaction between the aromatic rings of morin and the dimers of PABSA and cause an increased anodic peak signal.Based on this,a method was developed for the determination of morin.The electrochemical behaviors of morin on the modified electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry(CV) and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV).The results showed that,in pH 7.0 PBS,morin generated a sensitive anodic peak at 0.214 V.Under the optimized conditions,DPV was used for detecting morin.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5.0×10-7-1.0×10-3 mol/L,with a detection limit of 1.0×10-7 mol/L.The modified electrode,with the advantages of good stability,repeatability and wide linear range,was successfully applied in the determination of morin content in ramulus mori.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the magnetic head which forms part of the matrix device for writing and/or reading. SOLUTION: The magnetic head with a magnetic circuit has two poles 2 and 2' which are separated by a gap and at least one saturable element 6. The saturable element 6 is outside the gap 4 and parallel to the gap. This magnetic head is so applied as to form part of the device which writes and reads information on, specially, a magnetic medium.


The aim of this study was to examine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the yield and growth of local peanuts and yams from Banggai (casavva banggai) in an intercropping system. This study was conducted using a two-factor factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor is the dose of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) (eco farming) consisting of three levels: Without LO, 3.5 l/ha, and 7 l/ha. The second factor is local yam varieties from Banggai Islands (Banggai sweet potato), namely Pusus, Solopia Patek, and Boan Mela. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the dose of LOF 7 l/ha increased the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of peanuts, there was an interaction between the dose of LOF and the Banggai yam variety on the dry weight of peanuts with the highest combination being achieved at a dose of LOF 7 l/ha planted with yam varieties of Solopia and Pussy. The Solopia Patek variety had the highest stem diameter, number of shoots, tuber length, and tuber weight compared to the Pusus and Boan Mela varieties.


Objective. The study attempts to determine the genetic origin of hydatidiform mole and non‐molar abortion using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and reevaluates this method;IS a possible diagnostic tool for hydatidiform mole.


The mechanics property parameters of soil of foundations of electric transmission line towers are study by doing geotechnical engineering investigation and doing experiments.A model of artificial neural network is applied to the calculation of the safety factor of slope of the foundation of electric transmission line towers with cross validation.The corresponding program is developed。The calculation results show that the method is effective in the calculation of the safety factor of slope of the foundation of electric transmission line towers.


The Neutral and Ion Mass Spectrometer onboard ESA Jupiter mission JUICE employs thick-film resistors (from ∼1 Ω to ∼1 MQ), screen-printed on ceramic elements, to realize high-voltage ion optical elements and decontamination heaters. Despite the relevant space heritage, these materials were never employed before in a radiation environment comparable to Jupiter's magnetosphere. With this study, we prove the suitability of these materials for the NIM instrument by means of irradiation up to ∼ 16–85 Mrad in vacuum with 18 MeV protons. To allow an accurate calculation of the dose, the chemical composition of the samples is determined by Laser Mass Spectrometry. Thanks to a custom-designed irradiation station, the temperature and the electrical parameters of the sample are monitored in real-time during the irradiation, or the sample can be subject to high-voltages representative of the operating conditions in space. All in all, the materials proved to be radiation-hard in the investigated dose range, with few exceptions where permanent damages occur.


Plant resistance induction is one of the most promising ways to support plants in fights against pathogens, especially viruses, due to the fact there are no plant protection agents acting directly on them. Certain chemicals, including benzo[1.2.3]thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid, S-methyl ester (BTH) and its derivatives, were discovered as effective inducers of plant immunity. In this article, new BTH derivatives, in the form of organic salts composed of cations based on the plant resistance inducer BTH and anions introduced in order to modify physical (solubility in water, dissolution rate, thermal stability, melting points, pKa and logP values), and biological (antibacterial) properties are presented. The physical properties of resulting salts were altered by, for example, changing water solubility and also through the introduction of a second ion with a biological function (bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). The major impact this new approach in ...


Scales were developed to assess adolescents' perceptions of their parents' support for learning. The predictive validities of the scales were examined in relation to young adults' occupational aspirations and attainment, after considering associations involving children's ability and adolescents' occupational aspirations. Data were collected from 170 female and 140 male Australians, during three surveys, as part of a longitudinal investigation. The results indicated that the scales were sensitive enough to gauge the differential impact of family learning environments on young adults' occupational outcomes.


Long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) have witnessed as a powerful approach for capturing long-range temporal dependencies in sequences of arbitrary length. This paper seeks to model a large set of Android permissions particularly the permissions from Normal, Dangerous, Signature and Signature Or System categories within a large number of Android application package (APK) files of Cyber Security Data Mining Competition (CDMC 2016), Android malware classification challenge. The sequences of Android permissions are transformed into features by using recurrent LSTM layer with bag-of-words embedding and the extracted features are fed into dense and activation layer with non-linear activation function such as sigmoid for classification. Furthermore, to selectively find out the optimal paramaters and network structure, we have done various experimens with different network parameters and network structures. All experiments are run up to 1000 epochs with a learning rate in the range [0.01-0.5]. All LSTM network configurations have substantially performed well in classification settings of 5-fold cross validation in comparison to the recurrent neural network (RNN). Most importantly, LSTM has achieved the highest accuracy as 0.897 on the real-world Android malware test data set, provided by CDMC2016. This is primarily due to fact that the LSTM houses a complex memory processing unit that facilitates to learn the temporal behaviors quickly with sparse representations of Android permissions sequences. Thus, we claim that applying LSTM network to permission based Android malware classification is more appropriate.


The feasibility of surfactant assisted refolding, which was performed by diluting denatured protein sample into a refolding buffer containing a surfactant of appropriate concentration, was examined by using recombinant human lysozyme (rhLys) and recombinant β-mannanase (rMan) as protein samples.The effectiveness of CTAB, an artificial chaperone consisting of CTAB and β-CD, as well as other kinds of surfactants was investigated respectively.The effects of these surfactants on refolding yield and product distribution were determined by using biological activity assay, non-reductive SDS-PAGE and fluorescence emission spectrometry. A significant increase in refolding yield occurred for rhLys when using CTAB and the artificial chaperone, compared to that obtained by using direct dilution. Moreover, the refolding of rhLys presented similar process characteristics to that of native lysozyme (Lys).In both cases, the yield and product distribution depended on the molar ratio of surfactant to protein. The artificial chaperone worked also for rMan, particularly at a high concentration of the denatured rMan. It was shown that the charge property and concentration of surfactant, and the concentration of protein being refolded are major parameters determining the success of refolding process. The results described above are helpful to both the understanding of process mechanism and the application of this new refolding method.


During various phases of research and study of the satellite temperature retrieval problem, the author has become increasingly intrigued by the influence of the first guess field on satellite retrievals. The general influence has been recognized fairly widely. In an early phase of operations, NOAA/NESS scientists were sufficiently concerned to use a numerical forecast profile as first guess rather than a climtological mean, as had been customary. The philosophy was that the result is significantly dependent on the first guess and that one would do better by entering the problem with a more accurate estimate of the ambient atmosphere when doing retrievals.


I OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES many attempts have been made to defend Hegel's philosophy against those who denounce it as crypto-theological, dogmatic metaphysics. (1) This was done first of all by foregrounding Hegel's indebtedness to Kant, that is, by interpreting speculative science as a radicalization of Kant's critical project. This emphasis on Hegel's Kantian roots has resulted in a shift from the Phenomenology of Spirit to the Science of Logic. Robert Pippin's Hegel's Idealism: The Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness can be considered as having made one of the most influential contributions to this shift. (2) Pippin's "nonmetaphysical" interpretation of Hegel rightly contends that the Science of Logic does not pertain to a reality existing independently of thought, but to "thought's attempt to determine a priori what can be a possible thought of anything at all." (3) For Pippin this entails that Hegel should be regarded as appropriating "Kant's claim about the 'self-conscious,' ultimately the 'spontaneously' self-conscious, character of all possible experience." (4) I agree with Pippin that one cannot understand Hegel unless "one understands the Hegelian investment, the original engagement with Kant's critical philosophy." (5) I would hold, however, that Pippin's interpretation of this engagement threatens to lose sight of the proper achievement of Hegel's philosophy. By arguing that the unity of self-consciousness constitutes the "original source of Hegel's hermetic claim about thought's self-determination," (6) Pippin to my mind ignores, first, that Hegel takes the Kantian notion of self-consciousness to be nothing more than the concrete manifestation of the pure concept and, second, that Kant's transcendental philosophy, though radically critical of the dogmatic metaphysics of his day, does all but abandon the possibility of a critical ontology. Defending Hegel against his antimetaphysical critics, Pippin is right in taking Hegel into the Kantian camp, but he does this by sacrificing the question as to the possibility of ontology, a question I believe to be pivotal for both Kant and Hegel. In his article "Ontologie nach Kant und Hegel," Hans Friedrich Fulda moves in the opposite direction. Fulda puts Kant's transcendental philosophy in perspective by pointing out that Kant himself saw the Critique of Pure Reason as preparing a new ontology. (7) He distinguishes, in line with Kant, between a precritical and a critical ontology and determines these modes of ontology as two different ways of investigating the conditions of possibility of any object of experience, (8) Arguing that Hegel in the Science of Logic adopts not only Kant's critique of dogmatic ontology but also his conception of a critical ontology, Fulda comprehends transcendental and speculative logic as two different postdogmatic modes of ontology. These modes do not pertain to reality as it is in itself but merely to the a priori concepts that constitute something as a knowable object at all. I fully endorse Fulda's claim that the basic difference between Kant and Hegel lies in the fact that Kant develops his critical ontology primarily by means of a transcendental examination of the human understanding, while Hegel examines the pure concepts as they are in themselves. (9) One might view Pippin and Fulda as interpreting Hegel with regard to two different tendencies in Kant's critical philosophy, tendencies which Kant himself sought to reconcile: on the one hand the tendency to conceive of transcendental apperception as the ultimate principle of any judgment, on the other, the tendency to develop an ontology pertaining to the pure concepts that constitute the whole of possible objects of experience. I agree with Fulda that Hegel reduces the first tendency to a subordinate moment while accomplishing the latter in a much more radical manner than Kant could have possibly done. It is quite understandable that interpreters who have argued for a nonmetaphysical interpretation of Hegel have tended to ignore the ontological intentions of Kant's transcendental and Hegel's speculative logic. …


With the development of science and technology, the construction of coal mine has also changed a lot, the contemporary modernization coal mine gradually begins to enter the stage of digital mine. The connection of wireless communications, video display,running status data of each fully mechanized equipment in the digital coal mine fully mechanized working face with network of the ground central station can achieve real-time monitoring of the state of fully mechanized working face and achieve the coal mine safety production.At the same time, the problems are associated that the fully mechanized working face will recycle a lot of communication cable including communication optical cable in the extraction process. This automatic volume line device of recycling communication cable in the underground coal mine working face provided by this utility model belongs to the equipment technology of underground coal mine fully mechanized working face. It mainly solves the messy cable and auf-stellen, time-consuming, low efficiency, reduce procurement costs and other problems of the existing technology. This article emphatically expounds and analyzes the research and development and promotion of recycling all kinds of communication cable reel device on the underground coal mine working face.


ABSTRACT Significant factors on simultaneous growth and bioaccumulation of arsenic ions by living cells of bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745, were explored in growth media under experimental conditions like pH and concentrations of arsenic ions. Combined effects of the initial concentrations of peptone and arsenic (either As(III) or As(V)) ions on the specific growth rate and arsenic bioaccumulation competence of the bacteria were studied and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. Optimum combination predicted via RSM demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of bioaccumulating As(III) and As(V) in the growth medium containing 1000 mg/L arsenic and 9 g/L peptone up to 78.4% and 77.6%, respectively.


Review for "Complexity and performance of temperature-based snow routines for runoff modelling in mountainous areas in central Europe" by Lopez et al General comments: This paper describes the testing of many alternative conceptual algorithms for snow modelling implemented in the Swedish HBV model. The suitability of the different algorithms has been assessed by split sample procedures for many catchments in Czechia and Switzerland. The paper is well written, well organized and the experimental setup seems, in principle, to be fine. However, the possible improvements of the tested alternative algorithms are extremely subtle and the authors recommend exponential snowmelt function and seasonally varying degree-day factor based on tiny improvements which have not, as far as I can see, been tested for their significance. I think the objective of the paper is good, it would be nice if we in objective ways could agree on improved concepts in snowmodelling that when implemented would improve any model, but I am doubtful if the current methods are up for the task. The following issues need to be addressed in order to make paper suitable for publication.


The temporal pattern of activities undertaken by top managers has attracted much research attention recently. Top management team (TMT) polychronicity, the extent to which TMT members engage in mul...


When wasabi plants are damaged by plant pathogens or herbivores they produce volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) as a defense mechanism. In the current study, we conducted experiments to determine whether volatiles from damaged wasabi leaves or synthetic AITC also have negative effects on the beneficial entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana sensu lato (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Isaria fumosorosea Wize, which contribute to regulation of a major pest of wasabi, the striated white butterfly, Pieris melete Ménétriès. Conidial germination of both fungi was inhibited when exposed to volatiles from macerated wasabi leaves; the concentration of AITC in the volatiles was also quantified. The inhibitory activity of macerated wasabi leaves was compared with that of synthetic AITC, demonstrating that the inhibitory effect of wasabi volatiles was due to the presence of AITC. These results indicate that AITC released from damaged wasabi leaves has the potential to inhibit fungal infection of insect pests in wasabi fields.


In continuation of orphan dermatosis, I would also like to say about diseases such as lichen planus ― which is an autoimmune disease in which the expression of an antigen that has not yet been identified by keratinocytes of the basal layer leads to the activation and migration of T-lymphocytes into the skin with the formation of an immune response and an inflammatory reaction.
BournevillePringle syndrome (tuberous sclerosis complex) is a rare genetic disease that is part of the group of phakomatoses, characterized by a polysystemic lesion involving the skin, central nervous system, organs of vision, etc. in the pathological process.
Bullous scleroderma is a rare type of localized scleroderma with a predominant skin lesion in the form of foci of induration and sclerosis, subepidermal blisters with serous contents.
Trichoadenoma is a rare skin tumor belonging to the group of benign follicular tumors. Consists of numerous, relatively large, round or oval funnel-shaped structures separated by an underdeveloped fibrous stroma.
Pseudolymphoma is a reactive polyclonal T- or B-cell lymphoproliferative process that can manifest as both localized and disseminated skin lesions.
Giant flaming nevus of the skin of the face is usually a benign disease, but in some cases malignancy is possible.
T-cell anaplastic lymphoma associated with sarcoidosis is characterized by lymphadenopathy, lesions, circulating abnormal lymphocytes, and hypercalcemia leading to the sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome.
Devergy's disease is caused by a violation of keratinization and the appearance of follicular hyperkeratotic papules, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and erythematous scaly plaques with an orange tint.
FavreShay ocher yellow dermatitis occurs in patients with varicose ulcers on the inner surface of the lower third of the legs, which it either precedes or accompanies.
Sweet's febrile neutrophilic dermatosis manifests itself in three clinical cases: classical (the disease is preceded by an infectious disease), malignant (occurs as a paraneoplastic syndrome), medicinal (most often occurs in patients treated with G-CSF).
Lipodermatosclerosis is manifested by induration and hyperpigmentation of the skin, affecting one or both legs, in a characteristic "upside down champagne bottle" appearance.


Photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy are widely considered eco-friendly renewable energy resources. However, due to the unpredictable oscillations in solar and wind power production, efficient management to meet load demands is often hard to achieve. As a result, precise forecasting of PV and wind energy production is critical for grid managers to limit the impact of random fluctuations. In this study, the kernel recursive least-squares (KRLS) algorithm is proposed for the prediction of PV and wind energy. The wireless sensor network (WSN) typically adopted for data collection with a flexible configuration of sensor nodes is used to transport PV and wind production data to the monitoring center. For efficient transmission of the data production, a link scheduling technique based on sensor node attributes is proposed. Different statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques are examined with respect to the proposed KRLS algorithm for performance analysis. The comparison results show that the KRLS algorithm surpasses all other regression approaches. For both PV and wind power feed-in forecasts, the proposed KRLS algorithm demonstrates high forecasting accuracy. In addition, the link scheduling proposed for the transmission of data for the management of distributed renewable energy resources is compared with a reference technique to show its comparable performance. The efficacy of the proposed KRLS model is better than other regression models in all assessment events in terms of an RMSE value of 0.0146, MAE value of 0.00021, and R2 of 99.7% for PV power, and RMSE value of 0.0421, MAE value of 0.0018, and R2 of 88.17% for wind power. In addition to this, the proposed link scheduling approach results in 22% lower latency and 38% higher resource utilization through the efficient scheduling of time slots.


1. Background 2. Aspects of Building Energy Use 3. Energy Audits 4. Techniques for Reducing Energy Consumption 5. Instrumentation and Measurements 6. Organisation and Implementation 7. Legislation and Grants 8. Controls and Building Management Systems 9. Case studies


Objective To investigate circadian fluctuation of cAMP concentration and adenylate cyclase activity in mice hippocampus tissue. Methods Radioimmunoassay and enzymology method was applied. Results cAMP concentration and adenylate cyclase activity displayed circadian variation.cAMP concentration peak was at CT10 and CT 22,trough at CT 4 and CT16. adenylate cyclase activity peak was CT13 and CT1,trough at CT7 and CT19. Conclusion Circadian variation of cAMP concentration and adenylate cyclase activity in mice hippocampus tissue suggests circadian fluctuation of hippocampus function.


Ion implantation is one of the more common processes used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices to modify the electrical, mechanical, optical, or chemical properties of the host material. It is an inherently violent process, causing damage to the crystal lattice in the form of displaced atoms and lengthened or broken chemical bonds through elastic collisions between the implanted ions and the host nuclei. The resultant structure possesses optical properties that differ from the preimplant crystalline material. These changes in optical properties make optical techniques very attractive for studying the damage resulting from the implantation process. We have investigated infrared ellipsometry as a possible technique for the determination of ion implantation damage. We specifically studied the spectroscopic aspects of ellipsometric measurements in the 8-11-μm spectral band and determined that implantation doses as low as 1016 cm−2 could be determined.


Radioactive decay characteristics were studied in several different soils and clay minerals irradiated in the UCLA Engineering Nuclear Reactor. Decay characteristics of simulated soils of specified elemental composition also were predicted by computer calculations. Although the neutron activated soils differed widely in physical and chemical properties from an agronomic point of view, the general trends in their decay curves were quite similar up to 10,000 h, suggesting that the elemental composition of these soils was similar. The differences in the absolute amounts of each element in the soils were manifest by the differences in the activity levels per unit weight of the soils and the slopes of the decay curves at a specified time. The radioactive decay rates were relatively rapid up to about 200 h after irradiation and then changed to noticeably slower rates. Depending on the time after irradiation, the beta and gamma decay constants of the experimental soils varied between T-o.2 and T-5.0. Although many radionuclides were formed, relatively few determined the shapes of the decay curves. INTRODUCTION THERE are two sources of residual radioactivity arising from a nuclear detonation. One source is the radioactivity from fission and fusion products; another source is the radioactivity induced in the surrounding medium by neutrons released during the nuclear reaction. The radioactive decay rate of mixed fission products has been studied in considerable detail and, generally, the average decay rate follows the T-1.2 relationship in which T represents time. In radioactive fallout debris, however, the decay rate does not necessarily follow this relationship because of the varying proportion of fusion and fission product activity in relation to neutron induced activity. The work of LARSON and his coworkers'l) showed that the gamma decay relationship varied from T-0*73 to T-1.45 depending upon the time after detonation up to about 10,000 h. Also, the decay curves of gamma emission were different from those of beta emission in the same fallout material. * These studies were supported by Contract AT(04-1)GEN-12 between the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the University of California at Los Angeles. The beta decay relationship varied from T-0.70 to T-3.99 depending upon the time after detonation. I n throwout material that we examined from the Sedan cratering detonation, the gamma decay rate followed the relationship up to 150 days. This material contained both fission products and neutron induced radionuclides.(2) To obtain more insight into the gross decay rates of the neutron induced radioactivity per se in irradiated soils, a study was made of the decay characteristics of different kinds of soils and clay minerals irradiated in a reactor. Radioactive decay rates also were calculated for simulated soils of specified elemental composition by the use of an IBM 7094 computer. One should recognize that the neutron flux and energy characteristics of a nuclear detonation are quite different from those in a reactor. Also, the time of irradiation differs between the two situations. In a nuclear detonation, the flux is high and almost instantaneous, whereas in a reactor the flux is relatively low and continuous. I n any case, the present results provide some insight and a basis for making comparisons. 1527 1528 NEUTRON INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY IN SOILS MATERIALS AND METHODS Soils with widely differing agronomic characteristics were used for this study. These soils are listed with their chemical and physical characteristics in Table 1. Represented in the list are acidic, neutral, saline-alkali-calcareous and organic soils. The soils also include different dominant clay mineral types-montmorillonitic, illitic and kaolinitic. The neutron source was provided by the UCLA Engineering Nuclear Reactor, which was operated at 10 k\V power. The fluxes for thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons were 1.2 x lolo, 1.8 x loloand 1.5 x los n/cm2sec, respectively, a t the position of sample irradiation, which was 30 in. from the center of the core. The thermal flux included all neutrons of energy less than 0.4 eV. The epithermal flux represented neutron energy of 1.4 eV at the indium resonance. The fast neutron flux was represented by neutrons of energies greater than 2.5 MeV. The neutron irradiation time was 1 h for all samples. The oven-dry (lOO°C) masses of samples irradiated in polyethylene bottles or vials varied as indicated in the figures. The samples were counted for beta particles in stainless steel planchets (40 mm diam x 6 mm depth) with a Geiger-Muller mica end window (1.9 mg/cm2) counter. 9nSr was used as a reference standard for beta activity. A deep well scintillation counter was used for counting the gamma activity, using 13'Cs as the reference standard. With these standards, the efficiency of beta and gamma counting systems were 8.07 and 22.20 per cent, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 shows the gamma decay curves for different soils and sand. The decay curve for sand (99 per cent silica) deviated somewhat from the soils, but the soil decay curves were each more or less similar despite the differing agronomic characteristics of these soils. Yolo and Hanford soils are considered to be two of the best agricultural soils of California. Panoche soil, on the other hand, is so saline that it supports only plants that are most tolerant to salinity. I t is evident from data in Table 1 that this is due to excessive amounts of extractable sodium in the soil. The Aiken soil supports agricultural crops, but it, being kaolinitic and acidic, has fertility problems. Soil No. 4FF, which was collected at Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site, is a calcareous soil not under cultivation. Egbert muck is a fair agricultural soil and differs from the others in that it has a high organic matter content (33 per cent). The similarity in general trends of the decay curves for neutron activated soils indicates that, despite the wide differences among the soils from an agronomic point of view, their elemental compositionswere quite similar. Another obvious point of information indicated by the decay curves in Fig. 1 is that, although the elemental compositions were similar, the absolute concentrations of the component elements were different. This can be deduced by comparing the decay curves for Yolo, No. 4FF, and Panoche soils, which were irradiated at the same time and in the same weight and geometric configuration. At any specific time after irradiation the activity level of the soils per unit weight and the slopes of the decay curves differed. The differences in the slopes were large at certain instances and small a t other times. Figure 2 shows the beta decay curves for the same neutron irradiated soils and sand used to generate the gamma decay curves (Fig. 1). Here again, the general trends of the decay curves are more or less similar among the soils. A cursory comparison of gamma and beta decay curves for a specific soil indicates that their general shapes are similar but not identical. This is shown more clearly in Fig. 3 where the beta and gamma decay graphs for Hanford sandy loam, are plotted together for closer comparison. In this figure, instead of plotting the continuous curves, various intervals of the curves were assumed to be linear and fitted with a straight line by eye. The numerical values associated with each interval represent the slope of the straight lines fitted. These figures may be considered as rough estimates of the decay constants of the mixture of radionuclides during the interval. Comparing the figures for gamma and beta decay curves for any given time interval shows that digression of gamma decay rates relative to beta decay rates varied with time. This, of course, reflected the changing composition of the radionuclides. In Fig. 3, the beta and the gamma decay curves are close together up to about 300 h. Ta bl e 1. C he m ic al a nd ph ys ic al pr op er tie s of so ils L im e C at io n E xt ra ct ab le c at io ns D om in an t PH as O rg an ic ex ch an ge so il 1: l C aC O , m at te r ca pa ci ty N a K M g C a Sa nd Si lt C la y cl ay * (% ) (% ) (m e/ 10 0 g ) (m e/ 10 0 g ) (m e/ 10 0 g ) (m e/ 10 0 g) (m e/ 10 0 g ) (% ) (% ) (% )


Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has emerged as a rescue strategy for nonresponders to conventional CPR (CCPR) in cardiac arrest. Definitive guidelines for ECPR deployment do not exist. Prior studies suggest that arrest rhythm and cardiac origin of arrest may be variables used to assess candidacy for ECPR.


In this paper, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(MOPSO) is used to optimize the design of the multi-beam biased reflector. In the process of optimization, the z coordinate of the NURBS surface control point which represents the shape of the reflectance surface is taken as the optimization parameter, the physical optical(P0) method is used to calculate the far field, and the gain of different beam is optimized. Improved the gain and Carrier interference ratio(C/I)characteristics of the whole large coverage area. Finally, a practical example is given to verify the effectiveness of this algorithm in engineering application.


Lamp with a cold cathode tube (12, 38) as luminous means, and with one of the cold-cathode tube (12, 38) connected upstream electrical circuit (50) in an electrical ballast (14, 40), the power to the cold cathode tube (12, 38) regulates, wherein the electrical circuit (50) comprises a current control loop of the adjacent the at the cold-cathode tube (12, 38) operating current in dependence on a detected actual current flow or a detected actual voltage controls, and between the electric circuit (50) and the cold-cathode tube (12, 38) a power switching stage (52) is provided, whose input is connected to the output of a controller (56) of the current loop and the power switching stage (52) comprises a full-bridge converter in resonance technology, characterized by a design for mounting in or to the attachment to a piece of furniture or cabinet, by (10, 30) in a lamp housing both the cold-cathode tube (12) and the elec tric ballast (14, 40) are accommodated, and by a resistance sensor (54) connected to the cold cathode tube (12, 38) is directly connected; and over what the ...


The article highlights the most well-known approaches to the problem of solid waste consumption. Select the most important aspects in the organization of the management of waste. A physical model of the process of environmental pollution and are the main characteristics of the objects involved in the contamination. The basic criteria that the choice of method of disposal of the waste components will provide environmental, economic and social outcomes. Clarify the purpose of further research.


Building on top of the established concept of Mobile Clouds defined as computing in groups of wireless devices at network edge, this paper considers a Smart City in which client devices are expected to aggregate and interact with digital environment of the city in groups (for resource pooling, better performance, higher efficiency, offload, etc.). This paper proposes a 3-party handshake where cloud services are used as intermediary between two client devices. Devices themselves communicate using hash keys, which ensures that both parties remain anonymous to each other. Performance analysis is performed using real mobility traces. Results show that performance drastically improves when the pure peer-to-peer (p2p) approach is enhanced with limited participation by the Smart City infrastructure.


The dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a finite-length, homogeneous medium with the effects of temporal resonance detuning but no external feedback is examined numerically. The inclusion of resonance detuning leads to nonstationary behavior of the wave amplitudes including periodicity, quasiperiodicity, and chaos. The results may have applications to experiments with optical fibers and laser plasmas


In order to test whether piperazinium dilactate can be produced by fermentation in its exact stoichiometric composition without losses of yield, the kinetics of cell growth and lactate production were investigated in the batch cultivation of Lactobacillus paracasei, using piperazine as a neutralizer in pH control. It was found that piperazine dilactate is formed in its stoichiometric composition at about pH 5.0. and lactic acid fermentation occurred with yields of about 90% under these conditions. Piperazine at concentrations less than or equal to 50 g/I did not affect growth and product formation. The presence or absence of piperazine did not produce any significant differences in either the maximum specific growth rate or the maximum specific lactate formation rate when piperazine was present or absent (0.65 h -1 compared to 0.68 h -1 and 3.86 g/g × h compared to 3.63 g/g × h, respectively). The LUEDEKING-PIURET relationship between the two quantities was also not changed significantly when piperazine was added. To estimate the optimum parameters for cell growth and lactate formation in the presence of piperazine a factorial experiment was designed and carried out under consideration of the parameter ranges 5.0 s pH ≤ 7.0 and 30 °C s T s 36 °C. In this way, three-dimensional models of the specific growth rate, the specific lactate formation rate and the lactate yield were obtained.


Simulation is the technique of imitating a process or situation for education, training, modelling of an uncommon or risky scenario, or testing systems when new elements are introduced (such as a new protocol).1

Simulation training is not new to medicine. Anatomical models were created in ancient times, and in the 1960s the Norwegian toy manufacturer Laerdal pioneered simulation to practise cardiopulmonary resuscitation and critical event drills.2 Early models were crude, but they were widely adopted. The HARVEY cardiovascular simulator was one of the first manikins developed which was computer driven and provided replication of anatomy with palpable pulses and auscultatable areas. This allowed medical students to experience some of the findings from clinical examination for the first time in a standardized setting.3

More recently, with advances in technology, there has been a rapid expansion in simulating other aspects of healthcare, with increasing sophistication. Modern computing power allows the recreation of complex anatomical and physiological systems programmed to respond to inputs from the user. There have also been advances in manikins and devices to physically replicate the steps of performing complex procedures.

Fidelity is the degree of accuracy with which a simulation replicates a clinical scenario. This is defined in terms of the realism of the environment in which the simulation takes place, the equipment used and the psychological engagement of the learner. It is not necessarily synonymous with the technology of the simulator.4–6. Indeed, evidence suggests that the indiscriminate use of high-technology simulators alone is unlikely to be more effective than other methods.7,8 The ability to use realistic clinical environments (or practice in situ ), using equipment which closely replicates the look, feel and feedback of clinical situations will facilitate the immersion of the learner into the simulation, but it is …


The consistent appearance of specific chromosomal translocations in multiple myeloma has suggested that the positioning of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus might play a role in the occurrence of particular chromosomal rearrangements associated with malignant transformation. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we have determined the positions of selected chromosome pairs (18 and 19, 9 and 22, 4 and 14, 14 and 16, 11 and 14) in interphase nuclei of myeloma cells compared to normal lymphocytes of treatment‐naïve patients. All chromosome pairs were arranged in a nonrandom pattern. Chromosomes commonly involved in myeloma‐associated translocations (4 and 14, 14 and 16, 11 and 14) were found in close spatial proximity, and this is correlated with the occurrence of overlapping chromosome territories. The spatial distribution of chromosomes may increase the possibility of chromosomal translocations in multiple myeloma.


Twice Pulitzer Prize winner Colson Whitehead bases the plot of his novels on various facts of American reality found in documents and newspaper publications. By juxtaposing fact and fiction, he transforms them to create a new reality, rooted in the events of real life but acquiring a universal or metaphorical character that could be seen even in his early works. In "John Henry Days" (2001) the writer makes use of the legend of the famous black laborer John Henry, its reflection in the folklore and everyday life of the American South and attempts to up-sell it in today's USA with the help of social networks. In the novel "The Underground Railroad", written after Whitehead's archival research and his study of slave narratives of the mid-19th century, the document is woven into the artistic structure of the text by using authentic announcements about runaway slaves. The novel "The Nickel Boys" was written under the influence of the information about the horrible findings discovered on the grounds of the so-called Arthur Dozier School, established in early 20th century for juvenile delinquents, telling the story of two black boys who got there in the 1960s. The writer incessantly explores the impact of racism on American society and social injustice making use of a historical novel elements, of alternative history, neo-slave narratives and satire in his descriptions of the contemporary US media.


Earthquake motion is one of the extreme loads acting on large dams. Dam owners and regulators must therefore ensure that dams are safely operated and present minimal risk to the public in case of extreme loads such as floods and earthquakes. Owners of many dams or officials in charge of dam safety programs may consider comparative assessment of the seismic risk associated with their dams and establish priorities for detailed evaluation. South Africa has in excess of 100 large state-owned dams and the characteristics of these dams have been used to perform a basic seismic hazard assessment and rank the vulnerability of these dams from the lowest to highest. One of the most decisive factors that contributes to the risk of a dam is the wall type; with gravity and earthfill dams being the most vulnerable to earthquake motion. Another aspect that needs further investigation is the downstream hazard potential which, if known to a better degree of accuracy, can provide more reasonable estimates of the risk factors.


Grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction from SiGe nanoscale islands grown on Si(001) substrate were investigated. Experiments and corresponding theoretical simulations based on the distorted-wave Born approximation were carried out. The strain field inside and in the vicinity of the SiGe islands was calculated in the framework of linear elasticity theory using the numerical finite element method. The diffuse intensity pattern in reciprocal space reveals a well-resolved fine structure with prominent maxima and a complicated fringe pattern. The distribution of diffuse intensity in reciprocal space strongly depends on the angle of incidence with respect to the sample surface. The results obtained substantiate the important role of basically five (grazing incidence small-angle x-ray) and nine (grazing incidence diffraction) scattering channels that have to be considered for a complete understanding of the scattering scenario. A refined island model concerning shape, size, and Ge composition was elaborated.


A multipoint correlation technique is described for the measurement of the fluorescence decay from a sample excited with modulated light, where the modulation and the response can be arbitrarily complex. In the case of weak fluorescence, individual photons are resolved which are so correlated. The apparatus has a high dynamic range at extremely low photon densities, or very high photon rates, only limited by the single pulse resolution time of fast photomultipliers and counters.


The 5H nucleus is investigated in the generator coordinate method, using 3H + n + n three-cluster wave functions. The model is tested with the 3H + n and 3He + p properties which agree fairly well with the experimental data. The 5H energy is found to be E ≈ 3 MeV with respect to the 3H + n + n threshold, and the neutron width is Γn ≈ 1 -2 MeV or Γn ≈ 1 -4 MeV, according to the nucleon-nucleon interaction. We therefore suggest that the 5H lifetime should be larger than the 4H lifetime (Γn≈5 -6 MeV).


This chapter describes the antimicrobial uses of metals and metal-based compounds. It follows the historical use of metal-based antimicrobials (MBAs), their decline with the emergence of antibiotics and subsequent rediscovery with the advent of antibiotic resistance. Here, the potential mechanisms of metal toxicity are discussed, including binding biochemistries, production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibition of protein/enzyme activity, interaction with the lipid cell membrane and effects on nutrient uptake and DNA damage. The potential of MBA nanoparticles, their use and the mechanisms of toxicity are briefly discussed. Current applications and formulations of a wide range of MBAs are examined and the consequences associated with their use provides the reader with recognition of our responsibility to prevent misuse.


Dead authors refuse to lie quietly in their graves. They keep returning to haunt us, and perhaps this is as it should be. Tall among these literary revenants lately summoned into critical consciousness walks the ghost of Geoffrey Chaucer, for in the last thirty years or so, the writing of scholarly assessments of Chaucer the man and of the nature of his relation to his contingent history has, if anything, accelerated, acquiring defiant momentum in the face of the theory that would insist that he ought not matter.1 Even when mindful of the skepticism of the theorists, commentators on Chaucer have finally shown themselves undeterred by it, and continue to harbor a conviction that something solid ought still to be salvageable even after theory has done its problematizing worst. Doubtless, the stiffening of their resolve results in part for highly problematical reasons, from Chaucer's ability to sustain so convincing an illusion of an empirically available authorial presence that some readers, even as technically they confess the illusion, have been emboldened to parry the objections of theoretically driven skepticism with increasingly sophisticated attempts at determining whether the illusion anywhere accesses reality. They have tried to winnow authorial fact from fiction, finding things to say about the historical Chaucer that might be thought to sediment out from the artifice of his various selfrepresentations, and from the slippery rhetoric of his writing in general, things whose palpability can be defended against many theoretically invigorated forms of objection.2 Arguably, even that very slipperiness


A new speech enhancement technique based on Kalman filtering and wavelet transformation is proposed. A problem in using a Kalman filter for speech enhancement lies in how to construct and to estimate the state transition matrix. Considering that wavelet transformation can well localize the speech energy in the time‐frequency domain in the presence of noise, wavelet coefficients are used here for this purpose. That is, the state and observation vectors are expressed by matrices which have column vectors consisting of wavelet coefficients calculated from densely overlapped frames. Then the state transition matrix is calculated from a single state matrix postmultiplied by the inverse matrix of the preceding state matrix. These matrices are obtained from a speech signal enhanced by existing algorithms such as MMSE. This enhancement process does not need to correctly estimate a speech signal itself but needs just to supply the correct differentials of state matrices. A computer simulation was conducted to eval...


Submitted for the DFD17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Characterising the structure of quasi-periodic mixing events in stratified turbulent Taylor-Couette flow1 KANWAR NAIN SINGH, JAMIE PARTRIDGE , STUART DALZIEL, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, C.P. CAULFIELD, BPI/DAMTP, University of Cambridge, MATHEMATICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF STRATIFIED TURBULENCE (MUST) TEAM — We present results from experiments conducted to study mixing in a two-layer stably-stratified turbulent Taylor-Couette flow. It has previously been observed that there is a quasiperiodic mixing event located at the interface separating the layers. We observe, through conductivity probe measurements, that the power of the mixing event in the frequency spectrum of the density data at the interface is higher when measured near the inner cylinder than in the middle of the annular gap. This is consistent with Oglethorpe's (2014) hypothesis that the mixing structure is triggered near the inner cylinder, and then advects and decays or disperses radially. We also observe that at Ri = g ′Ro (RiΩi) ∼ 7, where Ri, Ro are the inner and outer cylinder radius, respectively, g′ the reduced gravity characterising the density jump between the layers and Ωi is the rotation rate of the inner cylinder, the power drops significantly at all radial locations, which is reminiscent of the onset of the enhanced flux regime as observed by Oglethorpe et al. (2013). We perform experiments to characterise the spatial extent and dynamics of this mixing structure using particle image velocimetry (PIV) giving further insights into this important mixing process. 1EPSRC programme Grant EP/K034529/1 SGPC-CCT Scholarship Kanwar Nain Singh DAMTP, University of Cambridge Date submitted: 31 Jul 2017 Electronic form version 1.4


In order for agent technology to fulfill its promise, it must be integrated with other existing technologies. In this paper we address one of the problems occurring in a real-world agent integration project— interaction between agents and non-agents. The proposed solution is designed to provide non-agents (clients in particular) access to the agent services, without restricting the agents.


The hair follicle is a complex mini-organ in the skin that undergoes organ induction, morphogenesis, and regeneration. However, the accurate molecular mechanism of skin and hair diversity regulation is still elusive. The sheep is an animal model that can be used to further explore the mechanisms of skin and hair diversity. In this study, we carried out a transcriptomic analysis of the mRNA expression in the skin of Xinji fine-wool sheep at different growth stages (3 and 12 months old) and 12-month-old Tan sheep and explored the transcripts' relationship with hair follicle growth. A total of 1327 mRNAs and 67 transcription factors were identified to be differentially expressed in the different breeds and during different periods of skin development. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in GO terms represented by system development, multicellular organism development, animal organ development, and skin development, and three KEGG pathways typified those governing differences in skin structure. Combining protein–protein interaction networks of skin development (GO:0043588) and functional annotation, nine important candidate genes, namely, LAMA5, OVOL1, SRF, DHCR24, NGFR, SMO, CDSN, HOXC13, and KDF1, and many core genes with minor effects were confirmed to be associated with hair follicle development. Furthermore, members of the zf-C2H2 and homeobox transcription factor families, which were identified to play a crucial role in producing finer and denser wool, were mainly upregulated in 12-month-old Xinji fine-wool sheep when compared with expression in 12-month-old Tan sheep and 3-month-old Xinji fine-wool sheep. This study revealed the major–minor gene interactions in the developmental pathway and provided ideas for an in-depth understanding of the genetic structure and gene regulation in the skin/hair growth process.


This paper describes the implementation and testing of a multichannel active noise control system (ANCS) based on the filtered-inverse LMS (FILMS) algorithm. The FILMS algorithm is derived from the well-known filtered-x LMS (FXLMS) algorithm with the aim to improve the rate of convergence of the multichannel FXLMS algorithm and to reduce its computational load. Laboratory setup and techniques used to implement this system efficiently are described in this paper. Experiments performed in order to test the performance of the FILMS algorithm are discussed and the obtained results presented. Keywords—Active noise control, adaptive filters, inverse filters, LMS algorithm, FILMS algorithm.


We are interested in global ocean data assimilation for the purpose of initializing climate models. We consider ensemble-based data assimilation in the context of the POP (Parallel Ocean Program) OGCM and ask the specific question of whether there is a state of the modelled ocean circulation that is compatible with observations of the ocean as represented in the World Ocean Database when the OGCM is forced by CORE v2 (Coordinated Ocean Reference Experiment version 2) estimate of the atmosphere. A frequent problem that plagues ensemble-based ocean data assimilation is filter divergence wherein poor or collapsed ensemble spread is interpreted by the filter as high certainty in the model forecast forcing it to neglect observations—in turn leading to increased RMS error—and an eventual failure of the assimilation. A blending of the dynamically estimated, ensemble-based error covariance with a static background estimate of the error covariance allows us to circumvent the above problem and enables successful data assimilation. Results from a successful assimilation experiment will be discussed.


Background. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare pathological condition caused by an abnormal transposition of the superior mesenteric artery from the abdominal part of the aorta. It results in compression of the distal part of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. It is clinically manifested by signs of acute intestinal obstruction, including pain in the epigastric region, nausea, and profuse vomiting. In the absence of timely treatment, patients may experience electrolyte disturbance, severe nutritional deficiency, the risk of perforation of the stomach, aspiration pneumonia, bezoar formation, thromboembolism, and the development of other life-threatening complications that can lead to death.
Case study. In the presented case study, superior mesenteric artery syndrome developed in a 17-year-old girl after surgical correction of a spinal deformity in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. This was due to postoperative loss of body weight, as well as a rapid change in the patients ratio of growth to body weight.
Discussion. Significant clinical improvement was achieved as a result of an integrated approach to the treatment of this complication. However, despite the successful result from conservative therapy, the patient remains at risk of developing chronic duodenal obstruction of varying severity, which may require surgical treatment.
Conclusion. With the untimely and incomplete treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome, the risk of developing chronic intestinal obstruction increases. Treatment of this complication begins with conservative therapy. In the absence of the effect of conservative therapy, and in the case of disease progression, the development of life-threatening conditions (such as bleeding and perforation) requires surgical treatment.


In a previous study presented to Geophisycal Prospecting we considered the case of bidimensional structures in which a conductive medium is between two resistive seminfinite media. The two dipping discontinuity surfaces were considered to be parallel (or divergent) planes (open structures).


............................................................................................................................ ii Table of contents ............................................................................................................. iii Attestation of authorship .................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 Personal professional experience of direction forming .................................................. 1 Leadership studies: a backdrop for educational leadership ............................................ 4 Rationale and design of the study ................................................................................... 7 Research context ............................................................................................................. 9 Structure of thesis ......................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 14 Literature review methodology ..................................................................................... 14 Leadership: expectations, constructs, structures, role of context .................................. 15 Group processes of leadership ...................................................................................... 21 Role of interactions in forming direction ...................................................................... 25 Professional dialogue and collaboration for problem-solving ...................................... 27 Direction forming in New Zealand secondary schools ................................................. 29 Teacher agency ............................................................................................................. 31 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY AND METHODS ..................................... 34 Theoretical orientation and conceptual framework ...................................................... 34 Enlisting participants .................................................................................................... 37 Ethical considerations ................................................................................................... 39 Semi-structured interviews ........................................................................................... 42 Analysing data .............................................................................................................. 44 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS ..................................................................................... 46 Introducing participants ................................................................................................ 46 Interview outline: Max .................................................................................................. 47 Interview outline: Ann .................................................................................................. 51 Interview outline: Peta .................................................................................................. 54 Interview outline: Lyn ................................................................................................... 61 Interview outline: Jess ................................................................................................... 65 Overview of the initial findings .................................................................................... 68 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION .................................................................................. 71 Establishing the analysis framework ............................................................................ 71 Spontaneous, professional interactions ......................................................................... 71 Leader generated processes ........................................................................................... 74 iv Role of existing structures in promoting collaboration ................................................. 77 Perceived barriers to direction forming ........................................................................ 78 Strategies to overcome perceived barriers .................................................................... 80 Interface of organisational structures and socio-cultural factors .................................. 81 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 88 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION .................................................................................. 89 Rationale and aims of research study ............................................................................ 89 Course of action to address research aims .................................................................... 90 Main findings ................................................................................................................ 91 Strengths and limitations of the study ........................................................................... 93 Implications for future practice ..................................................................................... 95 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 96 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 98 References ...................................................................................................................... 100 Appendices ..................................................................................................................... 109 Appendix A: Participant Information Sheet ............................................................... 109 Appendix B: Participant Consent Form ...................................................................... 112 Appendix C: Principal Consent Letter ....................................................................... 116 Appendix D: Invitation to Principal ........................................................................... 118 Appendix E: Indicative Questions for semi-structured interviews ............................ 119 Appendix F: Confidentiality agreement (Transcriber) .............................................. 120 Appendix G: Organising data .................................................................................... 122 Appendix H: Unpacking responses that address research questions .......................... 125 Appendix I: Sample colour-coding of interview transcript ........................................ 130 Appendix J: Checking the trustworthiness of data ..................................................... 132 Tables and Figures Table 4.1: Summary of Max's key points ......................................................................... 51 Table 4.2: Summary of Ann's key points .......................................................................... 54 Table 4.3: Summary of Peta's key points .......................................................................... 60 Table 4.4: Summary of Lyn's main points ........................................................................ 65 Table 4.5: Summary of Jess' main points ......................................................................... 68 Figure 4.1 Overview of initial findings............................................................................. 69


The invention discloses a flexible pectoral fin swing type underwater bionic robot, consisting of a left swinging component, a right swinging component, a tail swinging component, a supporting component, a left flexible wing and a right flexible wing; the left flexible wing has the same structure with that of the right flexible wing, the two wings are symmetrically assembled by taking the longitudinal axis as a center to form a flexible body, the left swinging component, the right swinging component, the tail swinging component and the supporting component are arranged inside the flexible body, and an air supply is arranged outside the flexible body; the supporting component is arranged along the longitudinal axis, the left swinging component and the right swinging component are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the supporting component, and the tail swinging component is arranged at the rear end of the supporting component; and the left swinging component has the same structure as that of the right swinging component. The bionic robot adopts the external air supply to drive pneumatic artificial muscles, so as to realize moving forwards, turning and heave movement of the bionic robot in water.


Although the clinical treatment of tumor has been explored and researched for a long time.The curative effect of both Traditional Chinese and Western medicine has never made a successful breakthrough.This article is based on the protection of organism's feedback adjustment combining pathologic and physiology mechanism of curing tumor,analyses the causes of tumor,which has changed the traditional thinking of curing tumor,has explored a new approach of treatment of tumor.


Quenched carbonatite melts occur in basaltic diatreme near Hajnáčka village in the Lučenec basin of southern Slovakia. The 2.60– 2.75 Ma old diatreme (Konečný et al., 1995; Vass et al., 2000) together with spatialy associated monogenic maars and lava flows belong to the alkali basalt volcanic province of the intraCarpathian back-arc basin (the Pannonian basin) originated during post-rift thermal subsidence following aMiocene subduction. The alkali basalts were generated during crustal thinning, astenosphere updoming and partial melting of metasomatised mantle (Konečný et al., 2002; Seghedi et al., 2004). Carbonatite melts occur in inclusions in plagioclase megacrysts, interstitial glass in anorthoclasite xenoliths, as separate carbonatite xenoliths, and isolated globules in kaersutite from clinopyroxene-rich cumulates. Oligoclase megacrysts (An24-26Or5-6), up to 6 cm in diameter, contain rounded melt pockets, composed of ~65 vol% of Ca-carbonatite globules tightly packed in silica-undersaturated (larnitenormative) melilititic glass matrix. About 50 % of the globules contain phosphate-rich domains and almost pure Ca-phosphate globules occupy ~1 % of the inclusion volume (Fig. 1). Anorthoclasite xenoliths are composed of alkali feldspar (Or29-51) and interstitial Cacarbonatite melt with dispersed calcite crystals (Fig. 2). Mg-rich ilmenite, apatite and aegirineaugite are present in accessory amounts. Nb-rutile (3.57 % Nb2O5) and hedenbergite crystallized as breakdown products of Mg-ilmenite and aegirineaugite, respectively. Carbonatite xenoliths are composed of quenched Ca-carbonatite glass trapped between radial aggregates of elongated calcite crystals. No other silicate phases have been observed in the carbonatite xenoliths. Fig. 1. Back-scattered electron image of a glass pocket in oligoclase megacryst. Variably sized calcio-carbonate globules (CL) are dispersed in alumino-silicate glass matrix (SL). Many carbonate globules contain irregular white phosphate-rich domains, and black arrows indicate three isolated Ca-phosphate globules. White arrows designate cracks with deformed Ca-carbonate globules bulging out into the glass pocket. Black bar scale represents 500 μm.


Canonical correlation analysis(CCA) was applied to assess the relationship of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microorganisms of flue-cured tobacco plants.The results indicated that(1) the population of bacteria was positively correlated with those of ammonifying bacteria in rhizosphere soil.On the other hand,in non-rhizosphere soil,in addition of ammonifying bacteria,the population of bacteria was also positively correlated with nitrite bacteria and aerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria.(2) The populations of bacterial and actinomycete in tobacco plant rhizosphere could be predicted by the populations of bacterial in non-rhizosphere soil,whereas the population of fungi in rhizosphere was not closely linked to those in non-rhizosphere.(3) The populations of ammonifying and aerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria in rhizosphere were significantly positive correlated with those in non-rhizosphere.However,the populations of aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria,nitrite and nitrifying bacteria,and kalium solubilizing bacteria in non- rhizosphere were not in close association with those in rhizosphere.In conclusion,there is a strong relationship between three microbial groups and six microbial physiological groups as well as between tobacco rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbe.The relationship between microbial flora in tobacco rhizosphere is different from non-rhizosphere soil.


Metoclopramide hydrochloride is a dopamine receptor antagonist used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting and gastroparesis owing to its central and peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist activity [1]. Like other drugs it is not free of adverse effects, which usually are mild but can be severe. Extrapyramidal reactions such as acute dystonic reaction, which occurs in ∼0.2% of patients, can be observed even at a minimal dosage level [2]; however, nystagmus is extremely rare.


Voltage glitching attacks can attain results that are logically not possible. The use of such attacks, is at times an opaque strategy. This paper presents a number of tests that can give insight into the effects that manifest themselves at the software level. Tests are presented for ALU-instructions, flow control instructions and memory instructions. These tests are performed on an XMEGA microcontroller and the results are used to create a fault model and an attack model. The fault model shows that, glitching causes faults in the instruction fetch phase. The faults are characterised by one bits turning into zero bits.


Objective Local insulin injection for the median nerve was administered in patients with mild to moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to evaluate its effectiveness on the median nerve regeneration as it has been suggested that insulin has an effect on nerve regeneration, similar to that of nerve growth factor. Patients and methods This study included 82 patients (130 hands) with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of mild to moderate idiopathic CTS (grade 3 or less according to Bland's classification). The 130 hands were randomly assigned to two groups: group I received insulin injection of 10 IU Neutral Protamine Hagedorn known as humulin N (NPH) insulin locally into the affected carpal tunnel at the first visit and a similar dose of insulin after 2 weeks; and group II received a single injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide injection into the carpal tunnel. Clinical and electrophysiologic evaluations were carried out at the start of the study and at 1 month after treatment. Patients were evaluated on the basis of the mean score on the Symptom Severity Scale and Functional Status Scale of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Results All patients showed a symptomatic and functional improvement. Distal motor latency and distal sensory latency were decreased for both groups (4.84±0.74 vs. 4.61±0.72 and 2.88±0.27 vs. 2.55±0.19, respectively), with a significant decrease in the mean of Functional Status Scale score and Symptom Severity Scale score for patients treated with the insulin injection (2.5±0.6 vs. 2.07±0.55 and 3.13±0.47 vs. 2.23±0.5, respectively). Conclusion Local insulin injection effectively reduced the symptoms of CTS and improved electrophysiological findings in the present study. Our findings suggest that local insulin injection may be of great benefit in improving nerve functions in patients with mild to moderate idiopathic CTS. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings and to compare local insulin injection with conventional approaches for the treatment of CTS.


Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle. For certain triangles $T$ (the "tile") and certain $N$, it is possible to cut $ABC$ into $N$ copies of $T$. It is known that only certain shapes of $T$ are possible, but until now very little was known about the possible values of $N$. Here we prove that for $N>3$, $N$ cannot be prime.


In this paper, the useful concept of energy and exergy utilisation is defined, analysed and applied to the industrial sector of Malaysia (i.e. food, textiles, woods, papers, chemicals, non-metallic, base-metal, fabricated metal and miscellaneous) for heating processes by taking into account the energy and exergy flows for the period from 1988 to 1998. The energy and exergy efficiencies are determined for the sub sectors and devices used in each sub-sectors. Energy and exergy flow diagrams for the overall efficiencies of Malaysian industrial sector are also illustrated in this paper. It is found that the current methodology applied in Saudi Arabia is suitable for the analysis of energy and exergy use in the Malaysian industrial sector. In Malaysia, the industrial sector utilises more than half of the total energy generated, and so it is very crucial to identify the energy flows in this sector and draw up the exergy losses.


[Objective]Taking the low-priced carrot root cells as catalyst,the biocatalytic reduction of acetophenone and acetophenone derivatives were carried out,S-(-)-1-phenylethanol and relevant products were prepared.[Method] The effects of reaction time,substrate concentration,reaction temperature and shaking speed on the reaction were investigated,and the structure of reaction products were identified by IR,1HNMR and so on.[Result]The results showed that the conversion could reach the maximum yield of 71% and ee value of 83.9% at 25 ℃,0.05 g acetophenone added to 70 ml water,shaking speed of 150 rpm,reaction time of 72 hours.Under the best reaction conditions,the catalytic reduction of acetophenone derivatives were studied.Finally,the S-1-phenylethanol derivatives were prepared(yield about 60%,ee value about 90%).[Conclusion]The whole reaction system had a promising practical future with its mild reaction conditions and lower price.


A new form of magnetic balance has been devised for the accurate measurement of the intensity of field at any point in the air path of a magnetic circuit, the instrument being sufficiently delicate to detect differences in intensity of field amounting to one line per square centimetre, whereas existing methods measure only the average intensity over the whole field, or are only sensitive to differences of 150 to 200 lines/cm2.The distribution of the lines of force issuing from the sides of a bar magnet has been plotted and the surface of the magnet discovered not to be an equipotential surface.Biot-Savart's law has been experimentally proved.