Live load models for parking garages depend on the ongoing developments of the car manufacturing industry. The average innovation rate is higher than those of the structures. Hence, a regular verification of the live load models is indicated. In the present study, extensive data has been considered to allow for a more detailed consideration of characteristic load recommendation than in previous studies. E. g. the complete set of registered cars in Germany and the utilization rate of different car parks. The extreme value analysis has been performed based on a monte-carlo approach, considering a realistic admittance towards the level of load effects. Based on the present study, a load recommendation has been developed which not only reflects the current vehicle fleet in Germany but a prediction towards a scenario for 2030 as well. Despite the excepted increase of car weights, the recommendation remains in the level of the present design rules.


Consider a regulated monopolist whose current profits would be maximized if they could charge a price p, where p exceeds the current market price. By reducing production below current consumer demand the monopolist can create an illusion of a shortage and induce the regulator to allow a price increase. Conditions are given for which the production rate that maximizes the monopolist's expected discounted profits over an infinite horizon will have the property that the amount of unsatisfied consumer demand will be a non‐increasing function of current market price.


Background: Fractures in the tibial plateau were first defined as car bumper fractures. Tibial plateau fractures are a diverse group of fractures that reflect a wide range of intensity, ranging from simple accidents to intricate fracture trends that test even the most qualified surgeons. The present study was conducted to study the result of minimally invasive technique for tibial plateau fractures by percutaneous fixation with cannulated cancellous screws and to study complications associated with it in a tertiary care center. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among 13 patients with tibial plateau fractures during January 2016 to December 2016 admitted under department of orthopedics in a tertiary healthcare institute in northern Maharashtra. The criteria for selection of a case were a fracture of tibial plateau (Shatzker's type I to type IV) with displacement or depression more than 8mm. Results: One patient (7%) had compartment syndrome at the time of presentation. No patient in our series had early postoperative complication. One patient developed knee joint pain 16 months after operation due to early osteoartgritic changes. Conclusions: There was no early complication related to surgery like superficial or deep infection, damage to neurovascular structures, etc. Ten patients (76%) achieved full range of knee motion within 3 months after operation. All the fractures were united within 14 weeks duration.


The COVID-19 pandemic that began in early 2021, shutdown the Caribbean's main industries and revenue-making sources at a time when the region already faced serious balance-of-payments problems and its public health sectors were weak and underfunded. The Caribbean's Christian community, regional associations, ecumenical, and evangelical entities are presently weak and facing structural challenges. Given the lack of a comprehensive and coordinated regional response to the pandemic, local congregations followed their national denominational guidelines (when such guidelines existed) while rallying around national government's COVID programs of delay and containment. The additional challenge the pandemic has presented to the Caribbean's Christian community is twofold, theological and cultural. The prophetic character of the Christian Church is blunted by its current commitment to a traditional pastoral stance that is willing to provide social services to the region's poor rather than call for social justice. External agendas and theologies, not Caribbean realities, often guide such practices. This essay discusses those matters in the COVID period. © 2002 Taylor and Francis.


Policy gradient algorithms are widely used in reinforcement learning problems with continuous action spaces, which update the policy parameters along the steepest direction of the expected return. However, large variance of policy gradient estimation often causes instability of policy update. In this paper, we propose to suppress the variance of gradient estimation by directly employing the variance of policy gradients as a regularizer. Through experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed variance-regularization technique combined with parameter-based exploration and baseline subtraction provides more reliable policy updates than non-regularized counterparts.


Authors : Bahar Basturk, Secil Celik Erbas, Sevket Can Sarikaya Abstract : Composites combining the particulates and polymer components have attracted great interest in various application areas such as packaging, furniture, electronics and automotive industries. For strengthening the plastic matrices, the utilization of natural fillers instead of traditional reinforcement materials has received increased attention. The properties of natural filler based polymer composites (NFPC) may be improved by applying proper surface modification techniques to the powder phase of the structures. In this study, acorn powder-epoxy and pine corn powder-epoxy composites containing up to 45% weight percent particulates were prepared by casting method. Alkali treatment and acetylation techniques were carried out to the natural particulates for investigating their influences under mechanical forces. The effects of filler type and content on the tensile properties of the composites were compared with neat epoxy. According to the quasi-static tensile tests, the pine cone based composites showed slightly higher rigidity and strength properties compared to the acorn reinforced samples. Furthermore, the structures independent of powder type and surface modification technique, showed higher tensile properties with increasing the particle content.


Current maps, reports, and articles available online on LGBTQ+ rights in Guyana, catering to white Western readers, perpetuate a colonial image of the country as a "violent," "savage," "uncivilized" space, placing it "behind" on a Western timeline of progress. When comparing these sources with the lived experiences of research participants, we find that, in addition to exclusion, there are many positive changes and aspects of their lives that are left out of most online sources. By looking at the particular case study of Guyana, this article calls for an approach to LGBTQ+ Global South representations that center the nuances and complexities of intersectional local voices and activism, going beyond liberal Western ideals around LGBTQ+ rights.


Entrepreneurship is one of essential factors that contributing for economic development. The role of women entrepreneur is pivotal in this regard. This study examined factors that influencing the success of women's entrepreneur. This study used 231 respondents that located in Solo. The data gathered are analyzed by structural equation model. The result indicated that micro, macro, performance and capability positively influenced to the success of entrepreneur.


Background: In December 2019, the outbreak of infectious pneumonia caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was named 'SARS-CoV2', which appeared in Wuhan, China. The said virus is highly contagious and rapidly spread across the world. So far, there is no effective antiviral drug in clinic. Objective: To make clinicians standardize the usage of the antiviral therapies against COVID-19, worldwide. Method: According to the recommended diagnosis and treatment protocols and relevant literature reports, suggested therapeutics include α-interferon (nebulization), lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin (recommended in combination with α-interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir), chloroquine phosphate, and arbidol. Recommendations based on various perspectives, such as timing and duration of medication, usage and dosage, adverse reactions and corresponding monitoring indicators, interactions, combination of antiviral drugs, efficacy evaluation indicators and discharge criteria were listed. Result: Pharmacist and clinicians provides knowledge of drug therapeutics for antiviral therapy and pharmaceutical care of clinical COVID-19. Conclusion: Recommendations of rational use of antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV2 may provide a timely reference to frontline clinicians in their fight against COVID-19 pneumonia to improve the clinical cure rate.


This article describes the improvement of students` reading comprehension achievement by using authentic reading materials from internet. The research design is classroom action research and the research area was at SMPN 9 Jember chosen by using purposive method. The data collection methods were a test, observation, interview, and documentation. The research subjects were the students of VIII-C at the school chosen purposively. The results of observation showed that the students` participation was improved from 77% in Cycle 1 to 82% in Cycle 2. The students` reading comprehension achievement was also improved from 77% in Cycle 1 and 89% in Cycle 2. It can be concluded that the use of authentic reading materials from internet can improve the eighth grade students` active participation and their reading comprehension achievement. Therefore the English teacher should use authentic reading materials from internet to teach reading comprehension.


A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) developed in a generic foundry platform for continuously tunable microwave generation is presented. Two wavelength-tunable laser diodes monolithically integrated with an optical waveguide coupler produce two-tone emission. By using an external photodiode for mode beating, the two-tone emission supports the microwave generation. Continuous RF tones from 600 MHz to 23 GHz are experimentally demonstrated.


Stunting is a problem of malnutrition that causes a child's growth to not reach its potential. This article discusses the construction of stunting and the factors that influence it in Indonesia. The factors that become the subject of discussion include malnutrition, parenting and poverty. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through a literature review. The findings of this study indicate that poor nutrition can result in a lack of intake of substances the body needs such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins so that the growth of the body and brain is hampered, this poor nutrition itself is caused by improper parenting due to a lack of knowledge and skills old. Besides that, poverty is also a factor causing stunting because poverty causes families to live in unhealthy environments, such as poor sanitation and an unhygienic environment.


Abstract We introduce and prove the consistency of a new set theoretic axiom we call the Invariant Ideal Axiom. The axiom enables us to provide (consistently) a full topological classification of countable sequential groups, as well as fully characterize the behavior of their finite products. We also construct examples that demonstrate the optimality of the conditions in IIA and list a number of open questions.


TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level data leads to new opportunities to investigate some theoretical mechanisms suggested to be involved in the El Nino/Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the tropical Pacific ocean. In particular, we are interested in studying the western boundary reflection, a process crucial for the delayed action oscillator theory, by using the TOPEX/POSEIDON data from November 1992 to May 1995.


BY KARL SAGER The Informal first meeting of the Student Senate Tuesday evening might well be called a surprise par ty. Not even the president, Tom Leech, knew who was coming until Secretary Ingold arrived with the precious list. The roll call was one of the out standing features of the evening, al most all of the recently elected Sen ators reporting present. As old members observed, the contrast to last years sparce attendance was a pleasant one. The following per sons have been given the title of senator: F.rokaw; Peter Denniston, Spencer Johnson, Clifford Osen, and Robert Arthur. Sage: Helen Ruud, Mary Jean Carpenter, Julia Graver, and Dorothy Hansohn. Ormsby: Beverly Duncan, Margaret Vail, and Portia Field. Peabody: Elaine Goodrich. Town: Norman Clappv Vernon Beckman, and Bob Shan-* on. Commuters: Gerard Heker and Donald Meyer. Sigma Phi Epsilon: Edwin Wiggenhorn, Delta Iota: Wil lard Shibley, Delta Sigma Tau: Er vin Zingler. phi Delta Theta; Keith Larson. Phi Kappe Tau; Roy Thompson. P*i Chi Omega: Joseph Gilman. Beta Sipma Phi; Ollie Wil liams. Informal Meeting Business was conducted in a Strictly informal manner. The members rose (or made a noise) when their names were called, and thus they ail became acquainted. As stated by the president, the m ost pressing business before the Senate was the appropriation of All College Club funds. The Severson report of last year had fairly well settled the appropriations to the various groups, only the proposed Lawren tian cut being in dispute. The Lawrention Business Manager, Robert Reid, was called upon to present the objections of the paper io any cut in ticket appropriation. Mr. Reid emphasized the fact that the cut last year was based on prospects of decreased printing cost. These failed to materialize, and the ■ystem of penalties involved in this years contract may even Increase the cost. The drop in enrollment resulted in cutting the income $73. This has been covered by econo mies effected b} Mr. Reid but any further curtailment would result In


Twenty-two sixth graders (11 boys and 11 girls), with IQs ranging between 118 and 130, were measured for their creative ability with verbal and pictorial material, their degree of perceptual defense regarding individual conflicts found in projective test measures, and their manner of resolving social conflict situations. Hypotheses regarding the relation of creative thinking ability to the handling of personal conflict and the resolution of social situation conflicts were tested. There were no age or sex differences among participants, but, according to the hypotheses, participants high in creative thinking ability, when contrasted with participants low in creative thinking ability, were less repressive in their responses to conflictful projective material, introduced more new ideas in the resolution of social conflicts, and formulated more solutions in which all interested parties' needs were considered and met.


For the title reaction a high regioselectivity is observed to afford naphthalene derivatives (III), (V) and (VII)/(VIII) rather than cyclopentenes.


Introduction During emergency ambulance calls, one of the key issues assessed is the patient's level of consciousness. An altered conscious state can be indicative of a need for a high priority response; however, the reliability of the resulting triage depends on how accurately alertness can be ascertained over the phone. This study investigated the accuracy of emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) determination of conscious state in emergency ambulance calls in Perth, Western Australia. Methods The study compared EMD determination of patient alertness based on the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), with conscious state as recorded by paramedics on arrival, for all emergency ambulance calls in a 1-year period in metropolitan Perth. Diagnostic accuracy was reported across the whole system and stratified by MPDS chief complaint. Results There were 109,678 calls included for analysis. In terms of identifying patients as not alert, the overall positive predictive value was 6.62% and negative predictive value was 99.93%, with 10 times as many patients dispatched as not alert than found to be not alert at scene. Sensitivity was only 69.94%. There was significant variation in accuracy between chief complaints. Conclusion The study found high levels of inaccuracy between dispatch identification of not-alert patients, and what paramedics found on scene. While not-alert dispatch was 10 times more common than patients being determined not-alert on scene, only 70% of not-alert patients on scene were classified as such during dispatch. Further research is suggested into the factors that affect the accuracy of EMD determination of patient conscious state.


Previous research argues that depalatalization frequently occurs in computer-mediated Korean, while palatalization is one of the least frequent processes (Jeon 2002, 2004; Park 2006). Hence, this paper aims to provide a uniform analysis toward these two phonological processes within the framework of Optimality Theory. Additionally, it is proposed that they are in fact different from the typical palatalization and depalatalization detected in many natural languages (i.e. Spanish, Japanese, Nyamwezi, and so on). Along the lines of Sagey (1986) and van Oostendorp (2005), present research suggests that palatals in computer-mediated Korean are contour segments specified for [+continuant] and [-continuant], while [-anterior] under the Coronal Node does not need to be specified because it is redundant. On the other hand, this paper also facilitates Kiparsky's (1993) lexical prespecification system and argues that palatals that undergo depalatalization are prespecified for [- anterior]. Then, unlike previous research (Jeon 2002, Park 2006, Lee 2010), depalatalization in computer-mediated Korean is defined as the decomposition of palatals c, c', ch into the corresponding alveolars followed by a glide, assuming that alveolars are underspecified for the Coronal Node, whereas palatals and a glide are specified for [-anterior] under the Coronal Node. In addition, palatalization in computer-mediated Korean is analyzed as a phonological process that restrictively applies to some selected words where alveolars followed by i are specified for [+anterior]. Furthermore, within the framework of Optimality Theory, this paper posits that constraints Palatal-i (palatalizing alveolars before [i]) and Integrity-IO (banning a multiple realization of an input) are ranked low, while Coronal-Have[anterior] (which is a lexically specific constraint), Max-Palatal, Identity-[-anterior], and *C-Palatal[-anterior] are undominated.


We present numerical simulations of closed wavy Taylor vortices and of helicoidal wavy spirals in the Taylor–Couette system. These wavy structures appearing via a secondary bifurcation out of Taylor vortex flow and out of spiral vortex flow, respectively, mediate transitions between Taylor and spiral vortices and vice versa. Structure, dynamics, stability and bifurcation behaviour are investigated in quantitative detail as a function of Reynolds numbers and wave numbers for counter-rotating as well as corotating cylinders. These results are obtained by solving the Navier–Stokes equations subject to axial periodicity for a radius ratio η=0.5 with a combination of a finite differences method and a Galerkin method.


Abstract It was found tnat isocyanates of dialkyl- and allcylen-phosphorous acids react with nitrilimines forming phosphorous containing heterocycles of different structure. In case of isocyanates of dimethyl- and diethylphosphorous acids the bipolar ion, which was formed at the first stage, either cycles with the following migration of alkyl radical towards the nitrogen atom (A), or regroups into a product of phosphailide structure, which adds one more molecule of nitrilimine to N=C -link. Pseudophosphonium salt, which is formed, is converted later during Arbuzov's regrouping into oxyilid (B).


and a similar expression results for (pn. For any conveniently chosen integer n, en and <pn constitute new initial conditions for the next time interval. The accuracy of the final results obtained in this manner is better than first order in e and <p] though convergence has not been proved, the assumption seems reasonable that by further subdivision of time intervals Eqs. (14) and (15) yield a sequence of solutions which tends to the exact solution of the problem. For low thrust devices that often necessitate integrations over hundreds of orbits, the method just outlined will have computational advantages. The inclusion of thrust in the forementioned formulism involves merely the addition of terms, since the basic equations are linear (cf., the previous footnote). Jf the Laplace transforms of e(t) and (p(t) are known and if FI(S) and Fz(s) are the transforms of thrust-functions Fi(t) and F2(t), then, to include the thrust, [A + FI(S)] must be inserted in place of A and [B + F2(s)] in place of B, and the inverse transforms then yield the complete response that is the complementary function and a particular integral.


Introduction Part I. Experiences of Students Engaged in Transnational Education Chapter 1: Culture Shock for the Offshore Learner: A Case Study in Singapore Chapter 2: Dilemmas in Forming Student Identity in the Transnational Context: A Case Study in Hong Kong Chapter 3: Why University Students Choose Transnational Education: A Case Study in Malaysia Chapter 4: Quality, Identity and Practice in Offshore University Programs: Issues in the Internationalization of Australian Higher Education Part II. Experiences of Academics Engaged in Transnational Education Chapter 5: Structuring a Cross-border Partnership to Deliver Quality Teaching and Learning: The Case of a Branch Campus in Malaysia (I) Chapter 6: Quality Challenges for Transnational Higher Education: The Case of a Branch Campus in Malaysia (II) Chapter 7: Capacity Building and Academic Professionalism: The Case of a Moderated Program in Malaysia Chapter 8: Constructs of Quality in Cross-border Higher Education Delivery: The Case of a 'Double-Badged' Program in China


THE STRUCTURE AND OROGENESIS OF THE CHILEAN-ARGENTINIAN ANDES The author first defines the original nature of the Chilean Argentinian Andes in which orogenesis eclipsed tectogenesis. The old orogenic cycles prepared and Consolidated the pre-Andean structure. During the Andean géosynclinal cycle, two marine transgressions interrupted an essentially continental, detritic and uniform sédimentation. The Andean dips are oblique in relation to the tertiary orogenic axes and the limit between internai and external faciès indicates the contrast between the Chilean and Andean mountains. There are there stages in the Andean orogenesis. First there are the géosynclinal basins characterized by minor foldings and the granitization of internai zones during the sub-hercynian phase and the appearance of peri-Andean molassic deeps of the upper cretaceous strata. The tertiary period witnessed the last Andean folding and inclusion of the foreland as well as slow subsidence. The Andean orogenic history is very old : there remain no antemiocène surface traces. The dissected relief is old, and the surface récent and limited to western and marginal areas. The amplitude of the ascending orogenic movements diminishes somewhat towards the south. The sinorogenic volcanism is associated with the western grabens. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the continental nature of the Andean tectogenesis and the molassic nature of the Andean chain. LA STRUCTURE ET L'OROGENÈSE DES ANDES CHILÉNO-ARGENTINES 287


The electron‐beam‐induced‐current (EBIC) technique is applied to the investigation of heavily doped emitter and junction regions of silicon solar cells via the beam specimen configuration in which the junction is parallel to the surface and the beam is perpendicular to it. It is demonstrated that this technique is very well suited to the investigation of the emitter and junction regions. Even though the experimental EBIC data are collected under three‐dimensional conditions, it is shown analytically with the help of two numerical examples that the solutions obtained with one‐dimensional numerical modeling are adequate. EBIC data for bare and oxide‐covered emitter surfaces are measured and compared with theory. Good agreement is obtained when a cell quality factor of 0.89 is assumed, thus suggesting that ∼11% of the collected carriers recombined in the cell depletion region. This result is similar to Possin's finding that there was evidence for ∼10% of recombination in the junctions of some of his silicon ...


Summary. Secular variation records have been obtained from cores from Lakes Barrine and Eacham, two north-eastern Australian volcanic crater lakes. The results from several cores have been stratigraphically correlated and then stacked and smoothed. The chronology provided by radiocarbon dating indicates that the Lake Eacham sequence spans the last 5700 calendar years. The time-scale for the Lake Barrine record is less weil constrained but it


Previously, we showed that a reduction of FaTFL2 (homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana TFL1) expression is a key signal for flowering in domesticated octaploid strawberries (Fragaria 3ananassa). Since FaTFL2 expression seemed to be regulated by temperature rather than by photoperiod, we investigated whether down regulation of FaTFL2 and floral meristem generation occurred at different temperature conditions. In addition to the conditions for a normal super-forcing cultivation system of an 8-hour photoperiod and day/night temperatures of 31.2 or 30/15 8C, flowering also was generated under the same photoperiod and day/night temperatures of day/night-half/ night-half temperatures of 30/15/25 8C conditions. We demonstrate that the new superforcing cultivation system is energy saving based on the reduction of FaTFL2 expression. June-bearing commercial strawberries (Fragaria ·ananassa) are preferable to everbearing ones for Japanese consumers due to their high quality. The June-bearing strawberry is typically a short day and low temperature (SDLT) type plant, and its harvesting time under natural conditions is from March to May or from November to May under a heating system during the winter. Autumn is the off-season, however, not only for consumers, but also confectionery makers who desire the June-bearing type in autumn. SDLT types can initiate flowering under 15 C (or 17 C) regardless of the photoperiod conditions, but inhibition of flowering occurs at high temperature (25 to 26 C) conditions even under a short photoperiod (Bradford et al., 2010; Taylor, 2002; Verheul et al., 2006). A super-forcing cultivation system has been developed in Japan for producing SDLT type strawberries from September to November (Yamasaki et al., 2003). The SDLT plants are grown in the field during daytime (average 31.2 C), but they are placed into a curtained tunnel tent with air cooling (15 C) from 1700 HR to 900 HR for 30–35 d to induce flower buds (Nakajima et al., 2014). As the system consumes a lot of energy, energy saving technology is strongly desired in Japan, especially after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 Mar. 2011. Previously, we clarified that a reduction of FaTFL2 expression is a key signal for flowering in SDLT type commercial strawberries, and its expression seems to be regulated by temperature rather than photoperiod (Nakajima et al., 2014). In this study, we showed the reduction of FaTFL2 expression could be used as an indicator for flower initiation, and also demonstrated a new superforcing cultivation system under a higher temperature condition than the previous condition, which leads to energy saving. Materials and Methods Plants and cultivation. Runner plants of Fragaria ·ananassa cv. Tochiotome strawberry having three expanded leaves were cut off and planted in pots. We removed the leaves from the plants with the exception of three to five sets of the youngest fully developed leaves. For analyzing the temperature effect on strawberry flowering, we placed the 'Tochiotome' plants in a growth chamber under expected flower noninductive short day and high temperature conditions (SDHT 30/25; an 8-h light at 30 C and a 16-h dark at 25 C, used as a negative control), short day and middle temperature conditions (SDMT 30/20; an 8-h light at 30 C and a 16-h dark at 20 C), flower inductive SDLT conditions (SDLT 30/15; an 8-h light at 30 C and a 16-h dark at 15 C, used as a positive control), and short day and half low temperature conditions (SDHLT 30/15/25; an 8-h light at 30 C, an 8-h dark at 15 C, and an 8-h dark at 25 C) to find the correlation between FaTFL2 expressions and flower bud formation (Fig. 1).We sampled the crowns of 'Tochiotome' plants on 0, 20, 25, 30, and 35th day after the SDHT, SDMT, SDLT, and SDHLT treatments. Tissues were stored at –80 C. Flower buds differentiation. We investigated the developmental stages of the flower buds on samples of SDHT 31.2/15 (an 8-h light at 31.2 C average/a 16-h dark at 15 C) at 2013, and those of SDHT 30/25, SDMT 30/ 20, SDLT 30/15, and SDHLT 30/15/25 at 2014 by microscope. The developmental stages of the flower buds were defined as: stage 0—an undifferentiated stage, stage A1A3—an initial to late differentiation stage, stage B1-B3—an initial to late flower cluster formation stage, stage C—an initial sepal formation stage, and stage D—an involucre formation stage. RNA extraction. Total RNA was isolated using the hot borate method described inWan and Wilkins (1994) with some modifications. A detailed protocol is in our previous paper (Nakajima et al., 2014). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses of FaTFL1–1 and FaTFL2 genes. Quantification of transcripts for FaTFL1–1 and FaTFL2 was conducted using the SYBR Premix Ex Taq II (Tli RNaseH Plus; TaKaRa Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and the thermal cycler Dice Real Time Fig. 1. Different temperature conditions of Fragaria ·ananassa Tochiotome for super-forcing cultivation. Short day and high temperature (SDHT) 30/25; SDHT (an 8-h light at 30 C and 16-h dark at 25 C, negative control), short day and middle temperature (SDMT) 30/20; short day and low temperature (SDLT) (an 8-h light at 30 C and 16-h dark at 20 C), SDLT 30/15; an 8-h light at 30 C and 16-h dark at 15 C), short day and half low temperature (SDHLT) 30/15/25 (an 8-h light at 30 C, 8-h dark at 15 C and 8-h dark at 25 C). All 'Tochiotome' plants were grown in a growth chamber. Received for publication 26 Dec. 2014. Accepted for publication 2 Mar. 2015. We are indebted to Dr. Tetsuya Oyabu for his useful suggestions. We thank Mr. Shoji Niwa and Mr. Kenji Kato for supplying runner plants of cultivar Fragaria ·ananassa Tochiotome with their valuable technical assistance. This research was supported by the Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program from the Japan Science and Technology Agency. To whom reprint requests should be addressed; e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. HORTSCIENCE VOL. 50(5) MAY 2015 685 System TP800 (TaKaRa Bio Inc.).MSI1 was used as housekeeping gene (Mouhu et al., 2009). Complementary DNA was synthesized using a PrimeScript reverse transcriptase reagent kit with genomic DNA eraser (TaKaRa Bio Inc.). The primer sets are listed in Table 1. qPCR conditions were preheating for 30 s at 95 C, followed by 45 cycles of 5 s at 95 C, 10 s at 60 C, and 25 s (forFaTFL1–1) or 20 s (for FaTFL2) at 72 C. The data were analyzed with a Thermal cycler Dice Real-Time System Software Ver. 3.00D (TaKaRa Bio Inc.). The relative expression of each sample was normalized to the MSI1 gene. The expression of FaTFL1–1 or FaTFL2 in three biological replicates at 0 d was used as a reference and was set as 1-fold. qPCR expression analysis was performed using three independent RNA preparations (three biological replicates) per stage, and data are shown as mean ± SE. Results and Discussion In the super-forcing cultivation system for June-bearing commercial strawberry, the plants are grown under SDLT conditions for 30 to 35 d (SDLT 31.2/15; an 8-h photoperiod from 0900 HR to 1700 HR, average 31.2 C at outside /a 16-h dark from 1700 HR to 900 HR, Table 1. Primer sets for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Primer Oligonucleotides (5#/3#) Reference FaTFL1F CACCTCGACTGGATTGTGAC This study FaTFL1R TTTGGGATCTGGCCTGCCTC This study FaTFL2F TGACAGTGACTTACAACTCC This study FaTFL2R CCTCCCTTCCAAATGTGTTG This study MSI1F TCTCCACACCTTTGATTGCCA Mouhu et al. (2009) MSI1R ACACCATCAGTCTCCTGCCAAG Mouhu et al. (2009) Fig. 2. Flower bud differentiation process ofFragaria ·ananassaTochiotome. (A) 25 d after short day and low temperature (SDLT) 31.2/15 (SDLT condition, 8-h light at 31.2 C average/16-h dark at 15 C) treatment. A growing point is flat and undifferentiated (stage 0). (B) 30 d after SDLT 31.2/15 treatment. A growing point is roundish and upheaves (stage A3). (C) 35 d after SDLT 31.2/15 treatment. A flower cluster is formed, and formation of the piece of sepal starts in a terminal flower bud (stage C). (D) 35 d after short day and high temperature (SDHT) 25/25 (SDHT condition, 8-h light at 25 C/16-h dark at 25 C) treatment. A flower cluster is developed (stage B2). (E) 30 d after SDHT 30/25 treatment, stage 0. (F) 30 d after short day and middle temperature (SDMT) 30/20 treatment, stage 0. (G) 30 d after SDLT 30/15 treatment, a flower cluster is developed (stage B2). (H) 30 d after short day and half low temperature 30/15/25 treatment. Formation of involucre becomes in a terminal flower bud (stageD). Stage 0; undifferentiated stage, stage A1–A3; initial to late differentiation stage, stage B1–B3; initial to late flower cluster formation stage, stage C; initial sepal formation stage, stage D; involucre formation stage. Scale bars = 1000 mm (A to D) or 500 mm (E to H). Table 2. FaTFL1–1 andFaTFL2 expression determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in crowns of Fragaria ·ananassa Tochiotome grown under different conditions for 0 to 35 d. The transcription relative to housekeeping gene MSI1. Means ± SE, n = 3. Gene Temperature 0 d 20 d 25 d 30 d 35 d FaTFL1–1 SDHT 30/25 1.00 0.45 ± 0.24 0.21 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.14 0.21 ± 0.03 SDMT 30/20 1.00 0.30 ± 0.12 0.05 ± 0.02 0.02 ± 0.00 0.12 ± 0.02 SDLT 30/15 1.00 0.25 ± 0.10 0.17 ± 0.05 0.30 ± 0.06 0.23 ± 0.14 SDHLT 30/15/25 1.00 0.28 ± 0.08 0.34 ± 0.14 0.35 ± 0.14 0.15 ± 0.05 FaTFL2 SDHT 30/25 1.00 0.43 ± 0.15 0.42 ± 0.23 0.25 ± 0.08 0.33 ± 0.13 SDMT 30/20 1.00 0.41 ± 0.09 0.24 ± 0.11 0.20 ± 0.12 0.28 ± 0.10 SDLT 30/15 1.00 0.06 ± 0.01 0.07 ± 0.03 0.17 ± 0.09 0.10 ± 0.02 SDHLT 30/15/25 1.00 0.07 ± 0.02 0.04 ± 0.01 0.04 ± 0.02 0.08 ± 0.05 Average expression values of each gene in three biological replicates were calculated regardless of the treatments and were set as 1-fold. SDHT = short day and high temperature; SDMT = short day and middle temperature; SDLT = short day and low temperature; SDHLT = short day and half low temperature. 686 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 50(5) MAY 2015 15 C) in summer t


The domain of application of artificial intelligence research and development has been split into a huge number of increasingly specialized fields. It is argued that a turning point in the specialization process has been reached, which provides the proof that a genuine science is being formed. This situation requires a new definition of the field of reference, of the discipline itself, of the hierarchy of sub-disciplines and of their socio-economical environment. Based on previous work on the epistemological and philosophical situation of mind techno-science, we introduce a method and its rules used for exhibiting that a new organization and practice of thought is possible. The rules consists of describing intelligent systems in terms of key concepts: structure, medium, design, function. The dissociation of these concepts help us show that IS technology introduces a new conception of structure. The structure of IS includes virtualities, some modalities of which only are perceived at the time of the instantiation of the corresponding artifact by a given subject. This situation and the reinterpretation required and here tentatively proposed indicate an important stage in the technological development of our societies. As the various fields listed concern all the main different aspects of our contemporary industrial societies, the present need and collective recognition of a unified field of knowledge of this technology shows the present state of the techno-infrastructure, which we call an infra-technology.


This is the second of a series of four working/discussion papers on categorizing projects and programs. The context of these papers is overall categorizations as they have appeared in the literature. These currently vary widely, and this series is concerned with exploring possibilities for bringing them closer together. The first paper (Stretton 2014f) focused on project categorizations, most of which were found to be a mixture of industrial/ social sectors (Application Sectors) in which projects are undertaken (e.g. aerospace, defence), and types of projects (Project Types) which are undertaken in many, if not most, of these Application Sectors (e.g. IT projects, R&D projects). This second paper focuses on program categorizations, where it finds a similar mixture. The components of two prominent program categorizations are re-allocated into Application Sectors and Program Types, and presented as a matrix which illustrates the intersections between Program Types and the various Application Sectors in which they are undertaken. This paper also identifies five Program Types which are virtually identical to the five key Project Types that emerged from the first paper. This leads to amalgamating these common elements, which are described as key Program/Project Types.


The cored sediments sampled by R/V Marion Dufrense in the active margin off southwestern Taiwan on the east side of the Manila Trench are mostly muds consisting mainly of quartz, feldspar, illite, chlorite + kaolinite with a trace amount of montmorillonite. The cored sediments have higher Fe, Ti, Cr, Cs, Li, Ni, and V but lower Ca, Na, Mn, Hf, Nb, Sr, Ta, U and Zr contents when compared with the upper continental crust (UCC, Taylor and McLennan, 1985). The Eu/Eu* ratios of the sediments averaging 0.69 indicate that the recycling effect on the Eu anomaly may be minor and the contribution of mafic source rock was unimportant, which can also be depicted in the La‐Th‐Sc plot (Cullers, 1994) showing a "mixed origin" close to the felsic end member. The chemistry of the cored sediment can be explained by a mixing model designed by Ho and Chen (1996) with four end members i.e., greywacke, shale, quartzite and limestone, which are widely distributed in the Cenozoic formations of southern Taiwan with greywacke as the dominant contributor followed by shale.


If the surface of Berendon Glacier, British Columbia, Canada, rose by 19 m above its 1963 level at a certain point near the terminus it would reach the entrance to a mining tunnel. Computations are made to see whether this is likely in the near future. We calculate the changes in mass balance that would be necessary to make the glacier, which is now retreating, start to advance and reach the tunnel in 40 years and 20 years respectively. The method fits polynomials to the advance—retreat data and then uses the λ coefficients of Nye (1963[b]) to infer the corresponding mass balance behaviour. It is concluded that if the mean mass balance should increase smoothly to +70 cm/year, which is a high but possible value, by the year 2003, the ice would reach the tunnel portal in 2003. But, even assuming a rather drastic deterioration in the climate in the future and a concomitant increase of the mean mass balance, the ice will not reach the tunnel portal within the next 20 years.


In the United States, calls for new citizen engagement strategies have continued to grow at the local government level. One answer is Appreciative Inquiry. As part of a larger study conducted in 2007, the question was posed to public administrators, "What challenges do you see regarding using an Appreciative Inquiry approach to increase citizen participation in local government?" Findings based on a content analysis of the data identified four challenges in particular. Discussion suggests public managers need to be aware of these challenges but depending on local conditions they can be mitigated or overcome.


Zinc oxide powders having hexagonal plate particles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation from boiling aqueous solutions that contained excess urea and 0.075 (Z075) and 0.300 (Z300) M Zn2+. The equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics of the adsorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution onto Z075 and Z300 were investigated. Thermodynamic parameters and K# equilibrium constant of activation were calculated. Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto ZnO powders. The monomolecular adsorption capacity of Z075 and Z300 was determined as 980 and 1050 mg g−1 for Cr(VI), respectively.


Abstract A new marine macrodasyoid gastrotrich, Crasiella diplura, is described from the Bergen area, Norway. Among the characters which distinguish it are a pair of very small tail lobes and a marked asymmetry in the posterior third of the intestinal tract. As it combines characters met with in various families, the taxonomic placing is difficult. Provisionally it is placed in the family Lepidodasyidae.


Taking common brick medium as example, from Maxwell' s equations, combining the technology of computer simulation, the attenuation behaviors of microwave propagation in dissipative medium are systematically analyzed and compared. moreover, Rela-tionship about the different media and propagation characteristic was obtained by experiment. The result can be applied to further im-prove the penetration ability of the life detective radar.


The invention relates to a low-temperature-resisting solvent type polyurethane bonding agent and a preparation method of the low-temperature-resisting solvent type polyurethane bonding agent. The bonding agent comprises the following raw materials: 2%- 10% of isocyanate, 25%-65% of a polyatomic alcohol compound, 0.1%-1% of a small molecule alcohol chain extender,0.01%-0.2% of an organotin catalyst,0.2%-0.5% of an assistant, 0.5%-2% of a coupling agent,0.03%-1% of a termination agent and 30%-70% of a solvent; and the polyatomic alcohol compound is the combination of 1-2 kinds of polyester polyol and 1-2 kinds of polyether glycol which are 1 to (0.05-0.5) according to weight percent. With the adoption of the low-temperature-resisting solvent type polyurethane bonding agent and the preparation method provided by the invention, the defect of contradiction between the bonding strength and low temperature resistance property of the existing polyurethane bonding agent is solved; when being used as a coating adhesive, the low-temperature-resisting solvent type polyurethane bonding agent has the advantages of low-temperature softness, high mechanical strength and the like.


We obtain a low-momentum-transfer theorem for positive- and negative-muon--nuclear scattering, in terms of the charge and the electric and magnetic polarizabilities. The result opens the way to use muons as a tool to probe the electromagnetic structure of composite objects. Predictions of this two-photon effect for the asymmetry in the angular distribution of negative and positive muons scattered by /sup 4/He are given.


In this paper,relationship between the weight of container substrate and the aboveground biomass of seedlings,and relationship between the container substrate dehydration degree of Camellia oleifera and the enzyme activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and the relative conductivity were studied.The results showed that:(1) The weight of container substrate was positively related with the aboveground biomass,and the regression equa-tion was y = 0.059 x + 0.9194.(2) There was a negative parabola correlation of the ratio of the weight of container substrates and the aboveground biomass in the different dehydration conditions.(3) The leaf relative conductivity firstly decreased then increased as dehydration degree increased with the relative conductivity reached its lowest value at 20% dehydration degree,followed by a sharp increasing trend.(4) CAT and POD activity firstly decreased then increased and finally inactivated as the dehydration degree increasing,and the enzyme activities reached its peak when the dehydration degree was 40%.(5) All the tests showed that physiological activity of seedlings was op-timum when the dehydration degree was 20%.Therefore,the dehydration degree of container substrate should be controlled in 20% in the process of cultivating container seedlings of C.oleifera in the future.


Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective solution in inducing remission in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). However, the underlying mechanism is not completely clear. Evidence is accumulating that potential beneficial in regulating the inflammatory immune response of CD, a chronic inflammation dominated by pathogenic TH1 and TH17 cells. We investigated the relationship between changes of circulating helper T cell and clinical response in CD during treatment with EEN.

 Sixty-eight adults with active CD treated successfully with EEN were prospectively study. Peripheral helper T cell (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) were evaluated using flow cytometry from baseline to Weeks 4 and 12. We also determine the prognostic value of the ratio of delta Th cell at Weeks 4 to baseline (△Th w4-w0) in patients receiving EEN. Mucosal healing was assessed with endoscopy at baseline and Week 12.

 Treatment with EEN significantly improved disease activity scores and laboratory biochemical markers measured at Weeks 4 and 12 compared with baseline (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). After the initiate of EEN, we observe early modulating effects of EEN on helper T-cell percentages, especially in Treg cell. Furthermore, we found a long-term increase in Treg cell percentages in patients who sustained response to EEN during follow-up. Mean increases of Treg cell from baseline in patients sustained response were significantly larger in a patient who loss of response (p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to predict sustained response at 12 weeks showed area under the curve (95% confidence interval) of Treg cell at 4 weeks (Treg w4) and change in Treg cell from baseline to 4 weeks (△Treg w4-w0) to be 0.75 (0.56–0.87) and 0.84 (0.63–0.92), respectively. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that △Treg w4-w0 (31.8%) after the EEN was significant independent predictive factors for sustained response. Mucosal healing at Week 12 was achieved by 97.1% of patients who long-term increase of Treg cell compared with 51.5% of those temporary raise (p < 0.001).

 EEN resulted in rapid improvements in laboratory markers and early increase in Th subsets percentages. Early increase of Treg cell predicts a sustained response to EEN and mucosal healing. Monitoring of Treg cell may help predicts the sustained clinical response and course.


The article deals with the internationalization of Brazilian businesses in the current decade. In the 1990s, Brazil embraced economic neoliberalism and promoted a huge opening up of its economy. At that time, Brazilian companies had to adapt rapidly. Twenty years later, the country has reinforced its presence in Latin America and has ensured a better position in the global markets, especially by through agricultural exports.


Mind body therapy which includes Yoga, Tai chi, Qigong, etc., are re-emerging as beneficial tools for providing solutions to the post-modern health care challenges. These therapies are believed to address the mind body interaction by either inducing parasympathetic systems or molecular mechanisms hitherto undeciphered. Among these mind body therapies, Yoga is considered as a fast growing and popular system of asana and breathing practices which allow seamless integration of physical exercises with meditative postures. The precise molecular mechanism underlying yoga, therefore, remains unclear. The proposed book chapter will provide a historical review of studies arguing in support of the hypothesis that these mind body interventions must have measurable regenerative and molecular effects that need the same rigour of scientific investigation and analysis reserved for orthodox pharmacological discovery.


Double-barrier quantum-well infrared photodetectors are promising for operation in the midinfrared region. In this paper, we present a series of novel molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown devices based on modulation-doped (MD) AlGaAs-AlAs-GaAs structures that exhibit a remarkable responsivity at zero bias (0.05 A/W) at 4.6 /spl mu/m. Since the photovoltaic properties are strongly dependent on the symmetry of the potential profile, we have systematically varied the position of the dopant in the barriers for a series of single-color detectors. Low-temperature photocurrent spectra and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics (in the dark and under illumination) show that the location of the dopant is a relevant design parameter, due to its role in the photovoltaic behavior (i.e., the presence or absence of zero bias signal). The performance of the MD devices is compared with that of a detector with doping in the center of the well and otherwise the same structure. In particular, the responsivity and detectivity seem to be higher for the MD detectors than for well-doped samples, especially when the dopant is located in the barrier closest to the substrate. Therefore, we have chosen that MD dopant profile when designing and growing, to our knowledge, the first 3-5 /spl mu/m two-color detector, with simultaneous detection at 3.8 and 4.4 /spl mu/m.


thinking and energetic action surely this is one. It calls at the very least for a re-examination of the principles that underlie the new international organization for the maintenance of peace and security. It is no exaggerat'on to suggest that the United Nations Charter has already become the instrument of another age. The American sergeant who dropped the first atomic bomb heralded the advent of a new era in international re-


Experiences of the National Irrigation Administration in its reforestation of the Pantabangan and Magat watersheds are presented in this paper, as it identifies the basic requirements of a successful reforestation program for denuded areas. The problems encountered in the implementation of the Watershed Management and Erosion Control Projects as well as the factors that significantly affected the success or failure of the project are identified.


THE closure of septal perforations has been one of the least satisfactory chapters in the whole of nasal surgery, but it is one in which recently some progress has been made. This paper is based on a careful study of all the new patients I saw during 1977 and 1978, who had septal perforations. There were, in fact, 69 perforations present in 67 patients, as two individuals had double perforations. In one instance, the double perforation followed an S.M.R., and on the other occasion, it was caused by a malignant granuloma. To a lesser extent, this paper is based on a study of 12 operations which were performed for septal perforations during the preceding 15 years.


Heavy rainfall in Indonesia will usually be followed by news of a flood disaster. Flood is a natural phenomenon that is detrimental to social life. There are various approaches to studying rainfall to forecasting floods disaster, one of which is ensemble machine learning. Ensemble machine learning produces better performance models than single machine learning when analyzing the occurrence of floods through rainfall. However, one model does not seem sufficient to analyze the overall occurrence of rainfall in different areas. This happens because the datasets in each region will have different characteristics, so the models generated by machine learning need to be distinct from one another. Furthermore, manual tuning in ensemble machine learning is sometimes difficult due to a large number of hyperparameters, the complexity of a given problem domain, and ineffective model evaluation. This paper proposes an adaptive modeling approach for rainfall prediction based on these problems using stacking ensemble machine learning Bayesian Optimization. The mean square error (MSE) result of Surabaya, Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, and Banten are 14.755, 0.249, 3.310, 0.243, and 0.917 respectively. The results of the study indicate that this research provides a more dynamic and reliable approach to determining the best tuning model to predict rainfall. We provide some models in one time running with the tunning configuration in each dataset dynamically.


Sunlight is a valuable resource with photometric and radiometric characteristics and the common characteristics of these two aspects is the spectral power distribution (SPD). The particulate matter (PM) has a great influence on SPD and this paper aims to study the relation between PM concentrations and SPD. The SPD and PM concentrations were measured by spectrometer and dust meter respectively. The results show that the negative relation has been investigated between total irradiance, illuminance and PM value, and the correlation increases with the increasing sizes of PM. PM10 is found having a positive influence on relative percentage of SPD (RSPD) in four medium and long wavelength ranges. PM10 also has a strong effect on relative percentage of spectral illuminous intensity distribution (RSLD) in five medium and long wavelength ranges. The negative relation is found in the first wavelength and the rest are positive.


The principle of ethnic economics is the conscious labors of each ethnic group.This is the fundamentality for the ethnic economics to exist.Based on this,the object of ethnic economics study should be the contradiction between the development of ethnic economy and ethnic relation.It is this that makes the study progress smoothly.Socialism is the basic ideology and the guiding principle of ethnic economics.Under the guidance of socialism,ethnic economics undertakes the study with the method of demonstration and abstract,taking probing into the aim,the orientation,the basis,the condition and the method of ethnic labors as its subject and taking reasoning the contradiction of ethnic economical development and ethnic relation as its content hence to prescribe the category and system of the ethnic economical contradiction.The ethnic economics could only be developed when the above term could be defined.


Mannich addition reactions between in situ generated α,α-difluoroenolates and various N-sulfonyl imines readily occur with exceptionally high reaction rates at ambient temperature.


Contemporary European perceptions of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent's naval power inflated its actual strength. Using accounts of ambassadors and spies, this article juxtaposes the 'fear of the Turk' that captured Christian Europe's imagination to the observation of the Ottoman navy. It will be argued that the sultan's relationship with the North African corsairs and their judicious application of military power lent itself to exaggerated perceptions of Suleyman's naval strength and his military reach.


This study looked at the deviation of each textbook, focusing on the detailed learning content related to the quadratic curve properties contained in high school geometry textbooks. Rather than criticizing the diversity of content elements covered in high school geometry textbooks and suggesting alternatives, it focused on analyzing the actual conditions of content element diversity. The curriculum specifies that the practical application of the quadratic curve should be emphasized so that student could recognize the usefulness and value. However, as a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the purpose of the curriculum and the structure of the textbook did not match somewhat, the deviation of content elements for each textbook was quite large. In terms of acknowledging the diversity of teaching and learning, the diversity of each textbook on the methods of the introduction and the natures related to the quadratic curve can be fully recognized. But in our educational reality, which is aiming for the university entrance examination system through national evaluation such as CSAT, the results are too sensitive in society as a whole, so the diversity of expressions in mathematics textbooks is sometimes interpreted as a disadvantage of evaluation. It is time to reconsider the composition of textbooks that recognizes the diversity of content elements in textbook teaching and learning and at the same time reflects the aspect of equality in evaluation.


The switching process in ferroelectric liquid crystal devices takes place through the formation and evolution of domains, which is modelled here using a three-variable approach. This approach includes variation of the director profile in one dimension, through the thickness of the cell. Here we discuss details of the model which are necessary in order to reproduce the domain nucleation and switching times as a function of applied voltage for both monopolar and bipolar pulses. We show that the three-variable modelling of SSFLC switching in one dimension produces excellent comparisons with experimental data for both bipolar and monopolar pulses.


Presentation de l'editeur : Farmers have engaged in collective systems of conservation and innovation - improving crops and sharing their reproductive materials - since the earliest plant domestications. Relatively open flows of plant germplasm attended the early spread of agriculture; they continued in the wake of (and were driven by) imperialism, colonization, emigration, trade, development assistance and climate change. As crops have moved around the world, and agricultural innovation and production systems have expanded, so too has the scope and coverage of pools of shared plant genetic resources that support those systems. The range of actors involved in their conservation and use has also increased dramatically. This book addresses how the collective pooling and management of shared plant genetic resources for food and agriculture can be supported through laws regulating access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits arising from their use. Since the most important recent development in the field has been the creation of the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, many of the chapters in this book will focus on the architecture and functioning of that system. The book analyzes tensions that are threatening to undermine the potential of access and benefit-sharing laws to support the collective pooling of plant genetic resources, and identifies opportunities to address those tensions in ways that could increase the scope, utility and sustainability of the global crop commons. Contents: 1. The global crop commons and access and benefit-sharing laws: examining the limits of policy support for the collective pooling and management of plant genetic resources (Michael Halewood, Isabel Lopez Noriega, Selim Louafi). Part 1: Setting the scene: countries' interdependence on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the imperative of international cooperation. 2. Demonstrating interdependence on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. 3. Flows of crop germplasm into and out of China. 4. Crop and forage genetic resources: international interdependence in the face of climate change. 5. Changing rates of acquisition of plant genetic resources by international gene banks: setting the scene to monitor an impact of the International Treaty. Part 2: The history and design of the International Treaty's multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing. 6. Brief history of the negotiations of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. 7. The design and mechanics of the multilateral system of access and benefit sharing. 8. Protecting the interests of the multilateral system under the Standard Material Transfer Agreement: the third party beneficiary. 9. Plant genetic resources under the management and control of the contracting parties and in the public domain: how rich is the ITPGRFA's multilateral system?. 10. Efforts to get the multilateral system up and running: a review of activities coordinated by the Treaty's Secretariat (Selim Louafi, Shakeel Bhatti). Part 3: Critical reflections. 11. Assessment of progress to make the multilateral system functional: incentives and challenges at the country level. 12. From negotiations to implementation: global review of achievements, bottlenecks and opportunities for the Treaty in general, and the multilateral system in particular. 13. The multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing: could it have been constructed another way?. 14. The moving scope of Annex 1: the list of crops covered under the multilateral system; 15. Building a global information system in support of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Caroline Ker, Myriam Sanou, Selim Louafi). 16. Collective action challenges in the implementation of the multilateral system of the International Treaty: what roles for the CGIAR centres? (Selim


Introduction Mammalian food intake is a discontinuous process, in that feeding runs alternate with non-feeding intervals. These lifelong changes in overt behaviour indicate an underlying organization in which different needs alternately obtain priority. The way in which this channelling of needs might be realized can be investigated by analysing in detail how overt behaviour changes in time. I t is of much importance to know how far food intake behaviour is influenced by the interaction processes involved. Under ad lib. conditions the frequency distribution of the duration of nonfeeding intervals suggests, at least in some species, the existence of meals (Le Magnen & Tallon, 1966; Thomas & Mayer, 1968; Wiepkema, 1968). In these instances food intake depends on factors that determine frequency and size of meals. Probably these meal criteria are not caused by an identical set of causal factors. For instance, food deprivation may enlarge meal size without influencing the number of daily meals (Wiepkema, 1968), whereas caloric dilution of the diet may have just the reverse effect (Le Magnen, 1969). The factors that determine exactly meal frequency will not be discussed here. They may be very difficult to unravel, since circadian processes also contribute to the distribution of meals during a 24 h period (Le Magnen & Devos, 1970).


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Abstract: We study several techniques for interactive equational reasoning with the bisimulation equivalence. Our work is based on a modular library, formalised in Coq, that axiomatises weakly final coalgebras and bisimulation. As a theory we derive some coalgebraic schemes and an associated coinduction principle. This will help in interactive proofs by coinduction, modular derivation of congruence and co-fixed point equations and enables an extensional treatment of bisimulation. Finally we present a version of the lambda-coinduction proof principle in our framework.


The PHENIX experiment took data with transversely polarized proton beams in 2001-2002 and measured the transverse single spin asymmetries in inclusive neutral pion and non-identified charge hadrons at midrapidity and {radical} s = 200 GeV. The data near X{sub F} {approx} 0 cover a transverse momentum range from 0.5 to 5.0 GeV/c. The observed asymmetries are consistent with zero with good statistical accuracy. This paper presents the current work in light of earlier measurements at lower energies in this kinematic region and the future plans of the PHENIX detector.


This study examines the conceptualization of representation, particularly the problems resulting from conceiving of it simply in terms of congruence between the attitudes of constituents and of representatives on policy questions. It examines critically some of the work that followed the innovative study of Miller and Stokes. Regarding representation as responsiveness, it identifies four components of this concept: policy, service, allocation, and symbolic responsiveness.


The atmospheric entry phase of aMarsmission is one of themost important mission phases of the nearly two-year journey. During the entry, a vehicle experiences major difficulties which are related to heating, communication, and deceleration. To solve these entry issues, the typicalmethods, such as the thermal protection systemandaerodynamic parachute, are employed. However, these methods have limitations as a solution of Mars entry issues because of the properties of the Martian atmosphere. For solving the Mars entry issues, the innovative concepts of plasma-based magnetohydrodynamic systems could be applicable instead of the classical methods. In this study, numerical simulation is used to evaluate the feasibility of the magnetohydrodynamic system for the future planetary entry missions in terms of heating, communication, and deceleration. To demonstrate the possibility for a magnetohydrodynamic system as a solution of the Mars entry issues, the geometry of the Mars Pathfinder is numerically simulated in hypersonic flow with a magnetohydrodynamic system using a hypersonic flow code. The simulation results show that the innovative concepts using a magnetohydrodynamic system, magnetic heat shield, andmagnetic parachute could provide an alternative solution for heating and deceleration issues duringMars entry. Since current superconducting electromagnet technologymakes it possible to generate a strongmagnetic fieldwithin a reasonable weight, the proposed system has the potential to be employed in future planetary entry missions.


During the 18th APMP meeting in 2004, TCPR agreed that the luminous flux should be one of the several regional comparisons to be conducted in the field of photometry and radiometry, and the project was named as APMP.PR-K4. Nine laboratories took part in this comparison. A group of LF 200W lamps (no less than three) was used as transfer artifacts by each participant. The National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) acted as the pilot laboratory. Presented in this report are the detailed procedures and results of the work. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


This essay discusses the Supreme Court's tendency in recent opinions to covertly expand the reach of the qualified immunity defense available to public officials in § 1983 civil rights suits. In particular, the article points out that the Court, often in per curiam rulings, has described qualified immunity in increasingly broad terms and has qualified and retreated from its precedents, without offering any explanation or even acknowledging that it is deviating from past practice.In making this claim, I focus on three specific issues: the manner in which the Court characterizes the standard governing the qualified immunity defense; the question whether lower court opinions can clearly establish constitutional law so as to defeat a claim of qualified immunity; and the relationship between qualified immunity and Fourth Amendment doctrine. In each of these areas, the essay demonstrates, the Court has inexplicably broadened the protection qualified immunity affords government officials in § 1983 litigation.The article concludes that, while the most troubling aspect of this pattern is the suggestion that only the Supreme Court can create clearly established law, the differences in the terminology the Court has recently used in describing the qualified immunity defense and in comparing it to Fourth Amendment standards are not inconsequential. In particular, this change in tone runs the risk of placing a thumb on the scales favoring public officials in civil rights litigation.


Ahmadi Muslims constitute a reformed sect of Islam founded in 1889 by a charismatic leader, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. In this article I explore the character and processes of transnational marriage arrangements among Ahmadi Muslims over three generations in the UK. I suggest that the process of conversion to Ahmadiyyat and the organizational structure of Ahmadi mosques have combined to produce a flexible pattern of marriage among Ahmadis that is unusual among South Asians. A significant number of earlier and contemporary Ahmadi marriages are interethnic, reflecting an expansive Ahmadiya identity that is perceived to be independent of ethnicity. Further, analysis of marriage proposals accepted as well as rejected suggests gender differences in perceptions of and motivations for marriage. The analysis suggests that while gender differences in expectations of marriage may have parallels in some other South Asian transnational marriages, Ahmadi religious identity and organization plays a distinctive role in shaping the processes of Ahmadi marriage arrangements. British Ahmadi marriages are frequently transnational in the narrow sense of entailing the migration of at least one partner from their country of residence to another as a result of marriage. These marriages are also transnational in a wider sense in that that social links are usually reciprocally maintained across international borders after the marriage, often over two or more generations (Faist 2000; Kivisto 2001; Vertovec 1999). Such relationships, facilitated by modern forms of technology, speak of a transnationalism that is as much a mind-set and attitude to place as it is a social practice (Caplan 1988). In these respects, Ahmadi transnational marriages share many of the charac- teristics of transnational marriages among other British South Asian Muslim and Punjabi Sikh populations. However, as I go on to argue, the processes of conversion to Ahmadiyyat and the need to incorporate new converts through marriage have resulted in flexible patterns of and attitudes towards marriage that are unusual among South Asians. As Muslims, Ahmadis permit cousin marriages, which account for a small proportion of contemporary marriages. Some of these cousin marriages are also transnational. However, the research on which this article is based indicates that the number of cousin marriages is declining among British-born and educated Ahmadis in the UK. By contrast, among British Pakistanis there is local evidence of increased rates of transnational cousin marriage (Shaw 2001) and among Mirpuris cousin


Previous deletion analysis of the Drosophila hsp70 heat‐shock promoter has identified a sequence upstream of the TATA box that is required for heat induction. This region contains homology to other heat‐shock promoters, and it was proposed that the common sequence is an important element in the regulation of the heat‐shock genes. We have constructed sequences similar to the consensus CT‐GAA‐TTC‐AG from synthetic oligonucleotides and placed them upstream of the TATA box of the herpes virus thymidine kinase gene, in place of the normal upstream promoter element. The resultant genes are heat‐inducible both in monkey COS cells and in Xenopus oocytes. We conclude that the transcriptional heat‐shock response is mediated by some factor that interacts with this sequence.


Aim. The aim of the work was to investigate of particularities of biochemical composition of seed and plant vegetative mass of different soybean varieties at the action of viral infection and agroclimatic conditions. Меthods. Standard and adapted methods of biochemical analysis were used for laboratory research. Isolation of glycinin and β-conglycinin was carried out using method developed in the laboratory (Pat #42181). Results. It was established that infection by Soybean mosaic virus (SKP-16 and SGP-17 isolates) causes changes in the biochemical characteristics (content of protein, main storage protein fractions (glycinin and β-conglycinin), fat, carbohydrates, isoflavones, activity of lectin, lipoxygenase, trypsin inhibitor) in the infected seeds that depend on the soybean variety, the infection degree of the plants and the conditions of cultivation. The determination of the relative moisture content, proline content, and lectin activity in the leaves of the 2 upper layers of soybean plants, which differed on the level of drought-tolerance in the phases of flowering, bob formation and filling of beans showed that contents of all studied biochemical characteristics significantly increased in the drought-tolerant soybean varieties as compared with not drought-tolerant ones in the phase of filling of beans. Conclusions. The obtained results can be used for development of the methods of soybean varieties selection with high seed quality and complex resistance (to the cultivation conditions and viral infection) and will be recommended for implementation in breeding and agricultural practices.Keywords: soybean, plant breeding, SМV, drought, biochemical characteristics.


Thin Al films with thickness around 300nm are grown on glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The temperature of the substrate has varied in between 2500C - 3000C and the deposition rates are varied in the range of 0.5nm/s to 3nm/s. During the evaporation process, the vacuum level as lower as 10-5 Pa is maintained. The surface morphology/roughness of the thin films are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. SEM images have shown that the surface roughness increases with the increasing deposition rate. The mean grain size of the metallic films on glass substrate increases from 25nm to 60nm (approx.) with the increasing deposition rate. In addition to that, the study reveals increasing substrate temperature will increase the average surface roughness.


Objective To explore the etiology, clinical manifestations,the changes of MRI,diagnosis as well as the optimum treatment program and enhance the recognition to ischemic spinal vascular diseases.Method We performed retrospective analysis of the original data of the 60 patients suffered from ischemic spinal vascular diseases during the period of 1993~2003.Results Most patients were 41~70 years old. The main etiology and risking factors was hypertension.The most common first symptom was radicular pain.The typical clinical manifestations were abrupt onset of weakness and,below the level of the lesion,flaccid tetraplegia or paraplegia,areflexia,loss of spinothalamic perception of pain and temperature,and autonomic deficits comprising sphincter flaccidity,atonic urinary baldder and paralytic ileus.MRI was sensitive after 24 hours from ictus.The classical image was hyperintensity on T_2WI,accompanied with hypointensity on T_1WI and cord swelling.In 60 patients, only 6 recovered and 1 died.Conclusion If old people with cardiovascular diseases have above typical clinical findings,we should think of ischemic spinal vascular diseases.MRI is sensitive 24h later.Generally,the patients were treated by internal method.


This paper investigates the relationship between the minimum wage and firm's export behavior by using firm-level data of Vietnamese manufacturing enterprises over the period 2010 through 2015. In this regard, I apply the logistic regression model for the probability of exporting and the differences-in-differences analysis to the data, and find that raising minimum wage standards drive no new exporters but a rise in a firm's export sales. Less productive and more labor-intensive firms raise their amount of exports in response to increasing minimum wage levels. Being exposed to increasing minimum wage levels makes a firm under-perform in terms of export sales compared to non-exposed firms.


The field study was conducted during summer 2015 at two different locations i.e., Allanganallur and Vadipatti blocks in Madurai district of Tamil Nadu to evaluate the efficacy of certain promising plant derivatives and natural oils against two spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch in Rose (Rosa sp.) ecosystem. The cumulative mean data from the present investigation revealed that among the different botanical extracts and natural oils evaluated, Tulsi leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum) @10%, Neem oil (Azadirachta indicia) @ 3% and Nochi leaf extract (Vitex negundo) @ 5% recorded the maximum per cent reduction of mites (71.80%, 71.12% and 70.25% at Vadipatti block and 73.97%, 73.37% and 72.77% at Allanganallur block) respectively, which were statistically on par in their efficacy in Rose ecosystem. With respect to the flower yield; amongst the different plant derivatives and natural oils evaluated, the highest per cent increase in flower yield was recorded in case of Tulsi leaf extract @ 10% (54.31% at Vadipatti block and 54.41% at Allanganallur block), Neem oil @ 3% (53.47% at Vadipatti block and 53.66% at Allanganallur block) and Nochi leaf extract @ 5% (51.68% at Vadipatti block and 53.24% at Allanganallur block) coupled with highest cost benefit ratio of 1:1.86 and 1:1.95 (Tulsi leaf extract @ 10%), 1:1.71 and 1:1.89 (Neem oil @ 3%) and 1:1.66 and 1:1.87 (Nochi leaf extract @ 5%) at Vadipatti block and Allanganallur block respectively which were statistically at par. Consequently in terms of per cent increase in flower yield and cost benefit ratio also, Tulsi leaf extract @ 10%, Neem oil @ 3% and Nochi leaf extract @ 5% were superior than other plant derivatives and natural oils evaluated, which can be presumed as ideal alternative option to synthetic chemical acaricides which are costlier as well for the management of T. urticae in Rose ecosystem.


A porous sintered material of good permeability and effective sound absorbability, being formed by combin ing between particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy powder into a body by means of sintering and having connecting pores among the particles of said aluminum or aluminum alloy powder. Said porous sintered mate rial is obtained by mixing aluminum or an aluminum alloy with a low melting point aluminum alloy, forming the mixture into the predetermined shape and sintering it at a temperature which is at least 10 C. lower than the melting point of the base material and higher than that of the low melting point material.


FIELD: building materials, particularly reinforcing elements for concrete. SUBSTANCE: reinforcing mat comprises longitudinal and transversal wires welded one to another in cross-points. The mat comprises two end transversal wires arranged at mat edges so that transversal mat wires project beyond the end transversal wires. Each projected end is folded back on itself and forms wire loop, which is welded to end transversal wires. Central longitudinal wires arranged in central mat area are spaced apart equal axial distances. The central longitudinal wires have equal cross-sectional areas. End areas consisted of pair of parallel end longitudinal wires and end wire loops are crated at both longitudinal mat edges. Axial distances between end longitudinal wires are less than that between central longitudinal wires. Axial distance between inner end longitudinal wire and neighboring central longitudinal wire exceeds that between central longitudinal wires. EFFECT: increased reinforcement quality. 9 cl, 2 dwg


Previously, a modified Hancock-Mackenzie failure curve has been used as the strain-to-failure criterion in a Gurson-based continuum damage model. The analysis employed in obtaining the parameters for this surface has been inherently isotropic plasticity and damage. Recent tests of polycrystalline materials with significant crystallographic texture have shown that the classic data reduction methods for the Hancock-Mackenzie curve are problematic. A number of the inherent assumptions employed in obtaining the failure surface will be reexamined in light of significantly anisotropic materials.


We propose two nonparametric methods to test the null hypothesis of periodic integration, one based on the variance ratio unit root test of Breitung (2002) and the other on the modified Sargan-Bhargava test developed by Stock (1999). The former does not require specification of short-run dynamics, while nevertheless delivering a pivotal limiting distribution; however, the latter requires estimation of the long-run variance. The asymptotic distributions of the new statistics are shown to be invariant to whether the process is periodically integrated or a conventional I(1) process, whereas tests based on the I(1) assumption are not. Further, the new tests do not require nonlinear estimation and can be implemented in a straightforward way. Monte Carlo results show that the variance ratio test has very good finite sample size, but the modified Sargan-Bhargava test has much better power, which can be comparable to that of the parametric likelihood ratio test. Finally, an empirical application illustrates the use of the tests through an analysis of six monthly component Industrial Production Indices for the U.S.


The present invention relates to a building system for a connecting device (1) for media lines (2), wherein the connection device (1) a connector body (6) with a receiving opening (4) for a einzusteckende with one line end media line (2) as well as within the receiving opening internal parts mounted (4) (5) for interacting with the media line (2) for axial guidance, for mechanical locking against loosening, for circumferentially proper sealing and optionally the inner radial support has. In regard to the inner contour of the receiving opening (4) in each case the same, for a given maximum line outer diameter (D These are each adapted on one side to the always same inner contour of the receiving opening (4) of the connector body (6) and on the other hand in each case to the cross-sectional size of one of the different media lines (2).


ABSTRACT This article intends to identify the variables that affect the risk of attack against former members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – FARC – in their process of reintegration into civilian life. It does this through a holistic and inductive threat assessment. Through this methodology, the article identifies factors that are equally explanatory, and overlooked, in the currently widely used methods of risk analysis. These variables potentially correspond to a new model that can more accurately evaluate the likelihood, and therefore the prevention of, attacks on vulnerable populations; such as the ex-FARC members studied in this case.


We present calculations of band discontinuities for Si1−xGex/Si1−yGey strained/relaxed heterointerfaces using the model-solid theory. From the obtained results, we then report a numerical simulation of the conduction-band diagram of a resonant tunneling diode in the Si/Si1−yGey system by solving self-consistently Schrodinger and Poisson equations with and without an applied electric field. An analysis of the Stark effect was made in the investigated heterostructure. Two main features have been extrapolated: (i) two sheets of a two-dimensional electron gas are created, leading to a resonant tunneling through the structure, (ii) a charge transfer can occur due to this tunneling effect. In addition, it is found that this charge transfer is highly sensitive to temperature and tends to saturate as the applied electric field increases.We present calculations of band discontinuities for Si1−xGex/Si1−yGey strained/relaxed heterointerfaces using the model-solid theory. From the obtained results, we then report a numerical simulation of the conduction-band diagram of a resonant tunneling diode in the Si/Si1−yGey system by solving self-consistently Schrodinger and Poisson equations with and without an applied electric field. An analysis of the Stark effect was made in the investigated heterostructure. Two main features have been extrapolated: (i) two sheets of a two-dimensional electron gas are created, leading to a resonant tunneling through the structure, (ii) a charge transfer can occur due to this tunneling effect. In addition, it is found that this charge transfer is highly sensitive to temperature and tends to saturate as the applied electric field increases.


Abstract : This thesis examines factors relating to youth interest in joining the Navy among the Hispanic population in South-Central Los Angeles, California. The study begins with a comprehensive review of literature on Hispanics of Mexican origin. Information on youth interest in the Navy is gleaned from personal interviews with teachers, counselors, JROTC instructors, military recruiters, and local clergy. The results suggest that Hispanic youths are limited from pursuing higher education because of poor academic preparation, underdeveloped English-language skills, poverty, and crime. The population also faces unique cultural and regional challenges that stem from historical influences and the close proximity of Mexico to the U.S. Additionally, evidence suggests that high school teachers and administrators are often barriers to youth awareness of military service. It is recommended that the Navy or Department of Defense form partnerships with schools and community organizations in largely Hispanic regions to identify and overcome the various obstacles that limit youth from pursuing higher education, learning about opportunities for military service, and qualifying for the Navy's officer programs.


The purpose of this guide is to help VDOT employees select the best ways to access Skillsoft Books when off the VDOT network and using home computers or mobile devices. Share this page with a friend.


In order to transmit the video signals effectively over the wireless network,based on the research of the SP-frames,this paper proposes a new method which combines SP-frames with I-frames.The simulation results prove that this method can effectively control error diffuseness with low bit rates.


"Sustainability is the capacity of education reform initiatives to continue" (Webster, Silova, Moyer, & McAllister, 2011, para. 12). In this article we reflect upon the process of organisational strengthening that was a key component of the Partnership between the Faculty of Education at the University of Waikato and the School of Education, Solomon Islands College of Higher Education. We argue that within the New Zealand Aid Programme funded partnership, the building of mutually respectful relationships, building leadership capacity and the respect for and inclusion of indigenous cultural considerations were key to the organisational change process and its sustainability.


The measuring and controlling system for synthetic test platform of the donkey motor used in the diesel locoˉmotive adopts the testing mode of feedback.The PI adapter of the controlling system is loopˉcontrolled;therefore the adˉjustment of current and of voltage doesn't interfere with each other.Its circuit design is strictly concatenated,securing its operating validity.


A method was developed and tested on the basis of conductometry for determining blood group-specific agglutinates in the AB0 and Rh-system (D). By comparing the measured particle numbers before and after administration of specific antisera or test erythrocytes and objective evaluation can be made whether agglutination has occurred or not. The calculated degrees of agglutination were compared depending on the method, sex, and age of patients. The method can be automated.


We enable microelectronic devices to interrogate biology's molecular communication, perform computations, and in real time control biological systems, including at several hierarchical levels: proteins, cells, and cell consortia. A key driver is establishing electronic access to and from biology's native redox networks. First, redox-mediated electro-biofabrication facilitates facile assembly of biological components onto microelectronic systems, then electrode-actuated redox allows digital programming of enzyme activity, and further, redox-mediated electrogenetics facilitates closed-loop electronic control of cellular function. Specifically, we show algorithm-based feedback control of enzyme activity, cellular genetic circuits (via eCRISPR) and cell consortia behavior, all enabled by electronic data transfer. We further demonstrate electronic switching of cell-cell quorum sensing communication from one autoinducer network to another, creating an electronically controlled "bilingual" cell. We suggest these methodologies will not only help us to better understand biological systems, but design and control those currently unimagined.


The author who might have eaten the Kanemi rice oil came to be able to analyze PCB by the nose in long association of 30 years with the PCB analysis. "Fate of PCB in a Thailand" was pursued with the analysis using the sense of smell during three years as JICA Expert to Office of National Environment Board of Thailand.


Medical waste is rubbish originating from outpatient rooms, inpatient rooms, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) rooms, Operating rooms and Emergency Room Installation (IGD) so that the handling process needs attention. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that all people exposed to hazardous waste from health facilities are likely to be at risk, including those in hazardous waste-producing facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of work period with the behavior of medical personnel in handling medical waste in Rokan Hulu District General Hospital in 2019. This type of research is analytic with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all medical officers in Rokan Hulu District Hospital, amounting to 390 people with a sample of 198 respondents taken by simple random sampling technique. Data collection tools using a questionnaire and analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results obtained p value of 0.001, which means there is a significant relationship between work time with the behavior of medical officers in handling medical waste. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improving the behavior of medical staff in sorting solid medical waste in hospitals.


Because survival has improved after heart, lung, and liver transplantation, progressive loss of kidney function is increasingly common. In a registry study of nearly 70,000 recipients of nonkidney solid organ transplant (NKSOT), development of CKD, defined as GFR≤29 ml/min per 1.73 m2, was


A more detailed description o f the small-angle-X-ray camera without slithigh-error is given together with a calculation o f the beam condition and its influence on different scattering functions. Also the proceeding to measure molecular weights is described and some scattering curves are figured as an example of the equipments efficiency.


Abstract This paper deals with the creep characteristics of the aircraft turbine disc material of nickel-base superalloy GH4169 under high temperature. From the perspective of continuum damage mechanics, a new creep life prediction model is proposed to predict the creep life of metallic materials under both uniaxial and multiaxial stress states. The creep test data of GH4169 under different loading conditions are used to demonstrate the proposed model. Moreover, from the perspective of numerical simulation, the test data with analysis results obtained by using the finite element analysis based on Graham creep model is carried out for comparison. The results show that numerical analysis results are in good agreement with experimental data. By incorporating the numerical analysis and continuum damage mechanics, it provides an effective way to accurately describe the creep damage process of GH4169.


When SMEs are part of global value chain, the flows of information in cross-border buyer-supplier relationships which emerge from inward-outward internationalisation connections should be addressed. This study therefore investigates the learning processes of internationalising small and medium enterprises that engage in inward and outward internationalisation. Hence, this study adopts a qualitative case study approach based on ten cases of the internationalising SMEs in Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews with the Managing Directors of the selected SMEs were conducted over a two-year period. Additionally, participant observations were conducted by attending the meetings related to import-export activities and documentations were gathered for data triangulation Findings of this study highlights that the relationship with key foreign suppliers empowered case firms to connect inward to outward internationalisation through collaborative knowledge sharing. The distribution of knowledge through tacit-tacit and tacit-explicit knowledge sharing underpinned by formal planning was a prerequisite for inward-outward internationalisation connections to be established.


The invention relates to a vehicle roof comprising a roof part that can be opened in order to at least partially expose an opening in the vehicle roof, a mechanism for supporting and raising the roof part (3) in the front edge region (31) of said part and a tilting lever (40), which is hinged in the rear edge region of the roof part (3) and carries out a first displacement of said part (3) into a ventilation position, in which the rear edge (32) is tilted upwards and a subsequent displacement over the vehicle roof or a roof part that is at least fixed for periods of time. The roof part (3) that can be opened is supported at its rear edge region during the displacement from the ventilation position rearwards. To simplify the supporting mechanism, in particular for the support in the front edge region (31), said mechanism is configured by a lever (20), one end of which is hinged on a displaceable carriage (10), the other end being hinged in the vicinity of the front edge (31) of the roof part (3) and being equipped with a sliding element (23), which engages with a fixed guide (13) comprising at least one section (15) that inclines rearwards. According to the invention, forces are introduced into the mechanism (20, 10) to support the front edge (31) of the roof part (3) exclusively via said roof part (3).


The objective of the research is to seek the effect of the concentration of air, as a non-condensable gas, towards mass transfer coefficient and heat transfer coefficient on the condensation of n-hexane-ethanol vapor. The experiment was carried out in the vertical double pipe condenser with the length, inner and outer diameter of the tube was 1 m, 1. 1 cm and 1.25 cm, respectively. The diameter of annulus was 3,25 cm. Water, as a cold fluid, flowed in the annulus side while the n-hexane vapor, ethanol vapor and air flowed in the tube side. In the interval of air concentration studied (9.92% to 33.91% mole) the heat transfer coefficient of gas (hg}, the mass transfer coefficient of n-hexane (kg1) and ethanol (kg2) was down significantly.


Objective: To study genetic variation in buffalo follicle stimulating hormone beta-subunit (FSHB) gene and its association with fertility. Methods: In this experimental study, blood samples were collected by standard methods using EDTA anticoagulant and transrectal ultrasound examination was conducted on fertile (n=74) and infertile buffaloes with a history of anestrum (n=30) or repeat breeding (n=12). The genomic DNA was extracted for PCR followed by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. DNA sequencing was performed for the determination of single nucleotide polymorphism of FSHB gene. Results: The study results showed that there was genetic polymorphism with two different single strand conformation polymorphism patterns, AA and AB. The former pattern was associated with fertility in Egyptian buffaloes. Pair wise alignment of the two patterns sequences revealed that FSHB pattern II (AB) has C nucleotide insertion as SNP at the site of 208 bp of sequenced fragment. Conclusions: FSHB is polymorphic in the Egyptian buffaloes, suggesting its practicability as a candidate marker for female fertility.


The issue of the production and realization of surplus value, which is the basis of material structure of reproduction of capitalist society, cannot be ignored by the state. For this reason, the state must try to maintain or create the conditions in which profitable capital accumulation is possible. Furthermore, the state also must try to maintain or create the conditions for social harmony and peace. These duties, which change in time depend on the needs of capitalism, determine the size and composition of state expenditures. The role of class structure and class struggle is crucial in this determination process. It seems to be the case that liberal thought that advocates keeping state expenditures at minimum in all cases, in part due to their unproductiveness, does not really comprehend the dynamics of capitalism, and therefore necessary conditions for its survival.


Mid-Infrared photoluminescence of PbSe/PbSrSe multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy is studied. High-order satellite peaks are observed by high resolution X-ray diffraction, which indicates the quantum well structure has sharp interfaces. Temperature dependence of photoluminescence spectra shows that the MQWs make good confinement of electrons and holes. At the same measurement temperature, the photoluminescence peaks of the MQW sample show a clear blue shift compared with that of the bulk PbSe material. We find that the intensity of photoluminescence is dependent on the measurement temperature. When temperature increases from 150 K to 230 K, the PL intensity reaches its maximum at 230 K, and with further increasing the intensity decreases slowly. We can still observe strong PL intensity above room temperature, which indicates MQWs have the potential to be used in room-temperature_operating mid-infrared optoelectronic devices.


Disclosed is a non-transferred and hollow type plasma torch 100. The plasma torch includes a rear torch unit 10 and a front torch unit 20 which are connected through an insulating body 30. The insulating body 30 is made of an insulator, is injected with gas required to generate plasma, and includes an inflow chamber 34 that may move the injected gas. The rear torch unit 10 coupled with a rear side of the insulation body 30 communicates with the inflow chamber 34 of the insulating body 30 and has a magnetic coil generating a magnetic field within a cavity of the rear electrode 19 wound around an outer circumferential surface thereof. The front torch unit 20 disposed at a front side of the insulating body 30 so as to face the rear torch unit 10 communicates with the inflow chamber 34 of the insulating body 30 and has the front electrode 29 disposed therein. The front torch unit 20 does not include a magnetic coil winding the front electrode 29, and thus may be easily detached from the insulating body 30.