For many years, empirical research in economics concentrated predominantly on the effectiveness of monetary policy and less on fiscal policy. But developments like the Balance Budget Amendment in the USA, the single currency union in Europe or the world economic crisis in 2009 has raised the question on fiscal policy and its potential to initiate changes in economic activity. Especially in Germany, the application of simulation models to measure fiscal policy does not have a long tradition. A first review of the existing literature reveals that the qualitative effects correspond widely, whereas the quantitative effects alter considerable due to diverging modelling frameworks and different datasets. In this paper a dynamic input-output model which follows an evolutionary modelling approach is used to analyse fiscal policy instruments. The paper concentrates on the modelling of taxes on products which are a major contributor to state income and thus an important tool for conducting fiscal policy. This paper therefore wants to contribute to the growing literature on fiscal policy analysis by introducing and applying an alternative modelling approach. Two objectives are pursued in this paper. Firstly, the implementation of taxes on products in the modelling framework of the used model is described. This implies the identification of the location of product taxes as well as the setting of the database and the computing of regression equations for product taxes. Product taxes are further differentiated into value-added taxes, import taxes and other product taxes such as excise duties. The different tax types are considered in the choice of regression approach. The advantages of this detailed modelling approach to product taxes are an explicit differentiation of product taxes by tax types, by goods and by components of demand which enables a closer imitation of economic behaviour and allows the application of fiscal policy instruments in a more detailed way. Secondly, the application of the new modelling approach for product taxes. A simulation on an alternative value-added tax rate system is computed: the simulation follows the suggestion of the latest report of the German Council of Economic Experts that proposes the abolishment of the reduced tax rate and suggests the introduction of a normal tax rate by 16.5%. Most of the empirical studies applied for fiscal policy analysis use autoregressive simulation (VAR-) models. To a smaller scale, micro-simulation models (MSM) are also applied for the investigation of fiscal policy. Other empirical studies on the impact of fiscal policies are based on the application of computable general equilibrium models (CGE). In this paper an alternative modelling approach to analyse fiscal policy shocks has been chosen. A dynamic inter-industry model has been applied which uses regression analysis to describe economic behaviour of different economic agents (consumers, producers, exporters, importers, investors). Interindustrial relations are explicitly used and change over time. Accounting consistency is assured in all time; on the production side as well as on the demand side. The bottom-up approach is characterized by a high desaggregation on sectoral level, enabling a detailed modelling by industries and goods. The integrated structure of the model allows a complex and simultaneous solution due to the absolute accounting consistency. Input-output tables are fully implemented in the national accounts allowing linkages between inter-industrial interdependencies, distribution of income, the redistribution effects of the state and the usage of income for goods. Production is determined by the demand side of the economy via the Leontief-equation, all determinants of demand depend on relative prices which are again a function of firm's unit costs and import prices. The inter-industry forecasting model for Germany – INFORGE – has been developed by the Institute of Economic Structures Research (GWS) and can be applied for economic forecasts as well as for simulation analysis. In this paper, its simulation qualities on product taxes are tested and demonstrated in one simulation example. The quantitative results of the simulation on the economy are compared with a status-quo scenario. The results are yet to be computed with the updated version of INFORGE 2010 but are to be expected to be finalized by March 2011. Overall, it is expected that the simulation (abolition of the reduced value added tax rate and introduction of a uniform tax rate of 16.5% on all products) leads to a decline in GDP compared to the baseline. In the short-run, a variation in value added tax rates affects domestic prices. The introduction of a uniform VAT rate raises the price levels of all price indices, whereas the deviation to the baseline is expected to be the highest for consumption prices. The results probably show that the impact of the abolition of a reduced VAT rate (in Germany from 7% to 16.5%) is higher than the reduction of the normal VAT rate (in Germany from 19% to 16.5%). The background is that the reduced value added tax rate is levied on everyday products such as food or beverages. An increase of the reduced value added tax rate is likely to have a greater impact on prices and total demand than the reduction of the normal value added tax rate. It is expected that one major consequence of an increase in the price level is an immediate decline in all components of total demand which leads to lower output compared to the baseline. At the same time, it is expected that a uniform VAT rate increases the volume of product tax revenues. Under the assumption, that most of the state income is used for consolidation purposes, net lending and net borrowing are likely to turn positive. With a time lag of approximately one year, the effect of uniform VAT rates will reach the labour market. Anticipated price increases react on wages and salaries which increase faster than in the baseline. Higher unit labour costs effect the price-setting behaviour of the firms and their demand for labour. Prices are further increased and the number of unemployed people rises. A higher unemployment rate puts pressure on the social security system which results in an increase in monetary benefits. The cumulating effects slow down after a further year of adjustment. National output drops back to the growth path of the baseline.


Ultrafast pump-probe experiments were used to study high-intensity ultrafast pulse-ablation dynamics in fused silica. Two laser pulses with varied time delay and pulse energy were used to irradiate fused silica samples and observe the transient reflectivity and transmissivity of the probe pulse. It was seen that the probe reflectivity initially increased due to the formation of free-electron plasma and then dropped to a low value within a period of about 10ps caused by a rapid structural change at the surface. The time-resolved measurements of reflectivity and transmissivity were also related to atomic force microscopy measurements of the depth of the laser-ablated hole. It was seen that the depth peaked at zero delay between the pulses and decreased within a period of about 1ps as the temporal separation between the pulses was increased caused by the screening by the plasma produced by the first pulse. When the temporal separation is about 100ps or longer, evidence for melting and resolidification during...


The fluorescent substances in un-infected and virus- or rust-infected primary bean leaves were examined by paper chromatography 11 to 20 days after seeding.A relatively constant total of 17 fluorescent materials was recorded in normal leaves. For local, necrotic virus infections, totals of 20 additional fluorescent materials were recorded between and 7 days after inoculation for tobacco necrosis (TNV) and 15 between and 9 days for tobacco mosaic (TMV). Thirteen of the new materials in TMV infections appeared to be the same as some of those from TNV infections, but were quantitatively greater for the more extensively necrotic TNV lesions. One of the most prominent metabolites associated with the hypersensitive virus infections was occasionally present in trace amounts following mild leaf abrasion.Only eight materials additional to those in healthy leaves were detected in extracts from non-necrotic rusted tissue between 1 and 6 days after inoculation. Five of these were tentatively identified as common to b...


In order to obtain the variation rule of shadow length of the pole in a certain period of time, this paper establishes a model of the change of shadow length with each parameter. First of all, according to the observation date, the solar declination is obtained. In this paper, to make the calculation simplified, several items that have little effect on the results of the solar declination are ignored, and the simplified formula for calculating the solar declination can be obtained. Second, using the relationship between a series of sun angles, the solar elevation angle is expressed as a function of the observation time. Then, according to the triangular corner relationship, regarding the solar elevation angle as the intermediate variable, the shadow length is obtained as a function of time. Finally, it can be proved that the curve is a parabola. During the observation time, shadow length increase first and then decrease, which is consistent with the objective law.


This paper presents the hypothetical test method of sum test statistics on many totality in discrete distribution of few samples and the arithmetical method of the test. The method has great significance in reliability analysis of results of simulation. The idea and arithmetical method may be generalized to deal with a variety of problems for the uncertain reasoning decision-making.


5 to 50 parts by weight of the formula (Ⅰ) an aromatic phosphate flame retardant (C) and 0.05 to 5 parts by weight of the fluororesin (D) such as powdered polytetrafluoroethylene (D) is added to 100 parts by weight to 50 comprising the thermoplastic resin mixture of at least a styrene-based aromatic polycarbonate resin (a) 95% by weight and 5 to 50% by weight of a rubber-modified styrene-containing resin (B) in the. R


This paper investigates a novel control strategy for the position and attitude tracking control problem of a quadrotor UAV based on terminal sliding mode control. To realize the control objective, the model of the quadrotor UAV with six degrees of freedom which is actually a class of underactuated systems, is reasonably divided into a fully actuated subsystem with two degrees of freedom and an underactuated subsystem with the remaining four degrees of freedom. Firstly, two continuous controllers are developed for the fully actuated subsystem by means of the terminal sliding mode control to ensure that the yaw angle and the height of the quadrotor UAV can reach their desired values in finite time. Based on this, the underactuated subsystem can be further simplified as a four-order cascade system and achieve its goal using the same control method. It should be noted that the proposed control scheme is strongly robust to external disturbances and system uncertainties. In addition, compared with conventional sliding mode methods with sign functions, the chattering phenomenon is well attenuated via the proposed control strategy for it is continuous. Finally, numerical comparative simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.


College students with disabilities are entitled to equal access under both the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973). Typically, equal access comes in the form of reasonable accommodations, or modifications to a program, service, or activity that address an environmental barrier (ADA, 1990). To access accommodations, students must disclose their disabilities to disability resource centers (DRCs), formally request them, and work with disability resource professionals (DRPs) to determine if the requested accommodations are reasonable (Lyman et al., 2016). Although guidance is available for DRPs on determining reasonableness (e.g., AHEAD n.d.; Gaddy, 2012; Laird-Metke, 2016; Meeks & Jain, 2015), it narrowly focuses on assessing factors related only to students' disabilities. Although compliant, this approach may be troublesome as disability is merely one identity among students' other intersectional identities (Annamma et al., 2013; Krebs, 2019; Yull, 2015). Further, in some cases, DRPs select accommodations from a predetermined list, shedding light on the complicated nature of reasonableness and bringing into question for whom this threshold was designed (Krebs, 2019; Kurth & Mellard, 2006). As a result, DRPs need to acknowledge the intersectional identities of students with disabilities and individualize accommodations by considering their unique identities and experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to explore DRPs' perspectives on the role of student identities in the accommodation process and how identities are incorporated into accommodation decisions.


Since the advent of the widespread use of the operating microscope and the excellent graduate and post‐graduate training in otology, more and more otosurgeons are exploring disease of the middle and inner ear; consequently, more and more unusual and varied anomalies and tumors are being described. This paper describes the unusual presentation of acoustic neurinomas in the middle ear.


In this paper, we propose an approach that allows us to perform an operation to reduce error in the form of noise and lubrication. To improve the processing speed and the possibility of parallelization of the process, we use the approach is based on the search for local features on the image.


The utility model relates to a sintering smoke purifying system based on the heat pipe afterheat recovery technology. A sintering machine is communicated with a heat pipe afterheat recovery plant, the recovery plant is communicated to desulfurizer through an electrostatic precipitator, an induced draft fan, an air damper and a booster fan, the desulfurizer is communicated to a chimney through the air damper and a heat exchange device, a coal gas connector is disposed in an adsorption tower, the adsorption tower is communicated to the desulfurizer through an ammonia storage tank and an ammonia adjusting tank, the desulfurizer is communicated with a circulation liquid pool, the circulation liquid pool is communicated with a filter press, the filter press is communicated with the sintering machine, the circulation liquid pool is communicated to a dryer through an oxidation pond, a filter, a multiple-effect crystallizing evaporator, a thickening tank and a centrifugal machine, an oxidation fan is communicated with the circulation liquid pool, and the heat pipe afterheat recovery device is respectively communicated with a heat exchange device, the adsorption tower, the multi-effect crystallizing evaporator and the dryer. The sintering smoke purifying system resolves problems of pollution caused by steel production, is obvious in energy-saving effect and short in investment payoff period, realizes the purpose of using waste to treat waste and changing the waste into the treasure, and meets total requirements of low carbon economy to respond to problems of climate change at present.


Airport noise prediction plays an important role in airport noise controlling,flight planning and airport designing.The airport noise prediction models are usually built based on aircraft noise distance curve(NPD),and the NPD curves are little by little revised to the noise propagation model under the specific airport environmental conditions by using a variety of mathematical models.In this way,there are shortcomings of the high cost and great prediction error.This paper presents an airport noise prediction model for particular airport environmental conditions.The proposed model applies BP neural network and history data of the airport noise monitoring to modifying the NPD curves.Experiment results show that in particular specific airport environmental conditions,the accuracy rate of noise prediction is more than 91.5% in the case of ±0.5 dB error.The proposed model has the features of lower cost and high accuracy.


In the framework of liability fixation by fault, subjective fault is deemed as an indispensable factor of a liability of tort. Fault, in law of tort is divided into intention and negligence, the distinguish criterion between the two is the attitude in a person's activity, yet this criterion is not absolute:although intention and negligence are divided, it is not prudently differentiated between intention and negligence in fixing liabilities, but just mentioning the subjective fault exists. This, actually, lose the sight of the difference between intention and negligence in causing liability, which is not appropriate.


The present invention provides a process for the production of functionally gradient member, such member has an outer layer of a first material, the inner core of a second material, gradual microstructures across the interface between two materials There is Do changes, the method of aluminum - silicon (Al-Si) system especially applicable to the production of members which are formed from two or more aluminum based alloys, the method molding the first metal melted a step of introducing into a contacting and partially solidify the layer of the first metal on the wall of the mold, and removing the molten portion remaining of the first metal, introducing a second metal which is melted in a mold a step of, and a process that enables solidification like.


Disinfection system of two parts comprising a first part and a second part adapted to be mixed to produce a composition of aqueous acidic disinfection, wherein (i) the first part comprises a chlorite and the second part comprises an acid, (ii) wherein the acid is present in the second part in an amount such that when combined with the first part, the pH of the disinfecting composition is between 2.3 and 3.5, and (iii) the first part, the second part, or both the first and the second part comprising a nitrogenous stabilizer, wherein a) the disinfection system further comprises a colorant; or b) the disinfection system does not contain a colorant and the stabilizer and acid nitrogenous disinfection system are different chemical entities; and wherein the nitrogenous stabilizer is N-metilsulfamico acid.


In the article authors study the role of talented employees in improving company efficiency and competitiveness during a global economic crisis. They also analyze world trends in talented staff management and human resources practices and analyze how the particular decisions in human resources sphere can improve company HR-policy. The main idea of the article is the necessity of identification of cognitive abilities and potential of talented employees, who would be capable to cooperate with authorities, society and other companies.


Criteria of Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity. Delocalization Modes and Electron-Count Rules. Annulenes, Monocyclic Conjugated Ions, and Annulenoannulenes. Heteroaromaticity. Homoaromaticity. sigma-Aromaticity. In-Plane and Radial Aromaticity. Three-Dimensional Aromaticity. Spherical Aromaticity. Is the Physical Nature of Aromaticity Known?. Index.


Jan Garioch CA discusses the case Alan McCord v HMRC TC 06812 and the Tribunal's analysis of whether certain transactions were connected with fraudulent evasion of VAT.


The conductance behaviour of α-alanine bis biguanide cobalt(III) iodide and β-alanine bis biguanide cobalt(III) iodide have been measured in the concentration range (3.00-1.25) ×10 eqv.dm in methanol + water mixtures at 10-35 oC. The limiting equivalent conductances (Λ) and ion association constants (KA) for various compositions have been calculated using Shedlovsky method. The limiting equivalent conductances (Λ0) and ion association constants (KA) for various composition have been calculated using Shedlovsky method. The Walden products were determined. Based on the composition dependence of the Walden products, the influence of the mixed solvent composition on the solvation of ions has been discussed. For both salts, limiting equivalent conductances increase with raise in temperature and also ion association constants increase with increase in the mole fraction of methanol. The thermodynamic parameters viz., change in free energy (∆Go), enthalpy (∆Ho) and entropy have been calculated from the values of association constants.


SD‐1077, a selectively deuterated precursor of dopamine (DA) structurally related to L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), is under development for treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Preclinical models have shown slower metabolism of central deuterated DA. The present study investigated the peripheral pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism and safety of SD‐1077.


Dermal fibroblasts produce the many components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are needed to maintain connective tissue integrity and repair tissue injuries. This study investigated the effects of Areca catechu extract (ACE) on dermal fibroblast cell activation. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were treated with ACE, and then ECM production was determined by ELISA, Western blot and RT-PCR. ACE significantly accelerated the production of type 1 collagen, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)- by ELISA and type 1 collagen by Western blot assay. ACE also increased the gene expression of COL1A1, TGF-, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1. These results suggest that ACE has the potential to stimulate ECM production and that it might be suitable for maintaining skin texture.


Abstract The field of Information Communication Technology has offered a promising future for deaf students. Web design, animation, and multimedia application design are a branch of graphic design area, which aim to aid their learning visually. However, most of the technical terms cannot be interpreted in Malaysian sign language. Moreover, the development of the existing curriculum is not geared in catering needs of deaf students and not tailored to their learning styles. With the development of technology, learning for deaf students could be improved. However, previous studies only focused on language development and there is meager research on curriculum development and teaching in the field of graphic design. Therefore, this study was designed to obtain the views of students on the learning needs of graphic design module based on technology and learning styles of deaf students. Questionnaires were distributed to 58 students in special education schools and vocational colleges in Malaysia who majored in graphic design. Descriptive analysis of the data indicated that there is a need for a learning module and the reasons include difficulties in learning animation, different learning styles, communication of sign language in learning, and the efficacy of technology in aiding teaching deaf students.


The contrast of 180° domains of PbTiO3 depends on temperature and is caused by differences in the intensity of the diffuse background. The thickness extinction fringes of 180° domains taken at different temperatures between room temperature and near the Curie temperature are qualitatively explained with the use of many-beam dynamical theory, in which different anomalous absorption factors are assumed for each case. The origin of the contrast is interpreted and discussed in terms of the difference in thermal diffuse scattering between the 180° domains.


The present invention is directed to a non-oral medicine bracket orthodontic force correction trace time measurement problem, we propose a method for real-time detection without care appliance for treating tank force trace. Stomatology small corrective force for treatment of trace, trace appliance wearing the contact area is small and the contact gap on the tooth surface, using the piezoresistive effect of a small thin-film single-point force sensor and the sensor size, soft materials, thin excellent physical properties for direct real time measurement of the force trace appliance's appliance, and according to research needs, any part on the measured single tooth or force trend; Seamless appliance by a force based on action and study the effect of the orthodontist to develop more reasonable and effective treatment options, more designers to design the perfect personalized trace appliance. This method not only high accuracy, real time, and the measurement process is simple and low cost.


The cochlear response was studied in a cat whose cochlea has been denervated by an operation in which the auditory nerve was crushed intracranially. Five weeks were allowed for degeneration of the nerve fibers. By means of suitable tests those components of the electrical response to auditory stimuli which in the normal animal are due to action potentials of the auditory nerve were shown to be absent. The response was otherwise unaffected: the threshold contour ("electrical audiogram") corresponded closely to that of the normal animal over a range of frequencies from 50 to 10,000 cycles, and the maximal voltage developed as a result of stimulation at high intensity was normal Four equal‐response contours were obtained, showing the intensity of stimulation required to produce responses of constant voltage at different frequencies. These are approximately parallel to one another and to the threshold curve. Complete elimination of nerve action potentials enabled us to make for the first time an analysis of t...


The utility model relates to a sleeve cold upsetting device which comprises a feed mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a conveying mechanism and five moulds. The feed mechanism corresponds to the cutting mechanism in position. The conveying mechanism moves to convey materials between the feed mechanism and the five moulds. A first mould used for pre-upsetting the rod diameter, a second mould used for pulling the hole diameter reversely and pre-forming an inner hole, a third mould used for punching an iron core, a fourth mould used for binding a rod and forming the rod diameter of two ends, and a fifth mould used for upsetting dimensions accurately and forming a middle ball shape are arranged in sequence. All dimensions are finished through a cold pre-upsetting technology, the interior and the exterior of the protruding portion are of ball shapes, and therefore machining procedures are not needed, materials are saved, integrity of a metal flow line is maintained, strength of parts is improved, and production efficiency is improved.


The quantification of thermal performance curves (TPCs) for biological rates has many applications to problems such as predicting species' responses to climate change. There is currently no widely used open-source pipeline to fit mathematical TPC models to data, which limits the transparency and reproducibility of the curve fitting process underlying applications of TPCs. We present a new pipeline in R that currently allows for reproducible fitting of 24 different TPC models using non-linear least squares (NLLS) regression. The pipeline consists of two packages – rTPC and nls. multstart – that allow multiple start values for NLLS fitting and provides helper functions for setting start parameters. This pipeline overcomes previous problems that have made NLLS fitting and estimation of key parameters difficult or unreliable. We demonstrate how rTPC and nls.multstart can be combined with other packages in R to robustly and reproducibly fit multiple models to multiple TPC datasets at once. In addition, we show how model selection or averaging, weighted model fitting, and bootstrapping can easily be implemented within the pipeline. This new pipeline provides a flexible and reproducible approach that makes the challenging task of fitting multiple TPC models to data accessible to a wide range of users.


This paper describes a method to prepare the gelatin microspheres and the wrapped microspheres with sodium alginate(SA).The microspheres were labeled with iodine-131 and iodine-125 by Chloramine-T method followed by injecting into the liver of rabbits.The characteristic comparisons of the gelatin microspheres and the wrapped microspheres were made and the results indicated that the wrapped microspheres had a more iodine loadingcapacity and better stability than those of gelatin microspheres.It also appeared that the degradation rate of wrapped microspheres was slower than that of the gelatin microspheres in physical condition.As a matter of fact the stability of iodine-131 in gelatin microspheres in the rabbits was evidenced by the ECT visualization: no visible radio-speck at the position of thyroid gland was observed by injecting the wrapped microspheres,while the noticeable radio-speck of thyroid gland was observed at the same site by injection of the gelatin microspheres,which proved that 131I in wrapped gelatin microsphere had better stability than in the gelatin microspheres.


Professor Marshall, Emeritus Professor at Aberdeen, begins this interesting collection of essays by reflecting on changing evangelical attitudes to biblical interpretation over the past thirty years, to which a symposium that he edited, New Testament Interpretation, was an important stimulus. He then goes on to discuss how doctrine, ethics and attitudes to worship develop within Scripture and in light of Scripture. In his third chapter he stands back from that discussion to try to see how the process of development within Scripture can help us in moving 'beyond the Bible'. I particularly enjoyed his survey of the New Testament use of Leviticus, a fresher study than the average look at the New Testament use of the Old. It shows how significant for the New Testament is this part of the Old Testament which is not one where Christians often feel at home. Dr Marshall speaks of the New Testament 'spiritualizing' the idea of land in Leviticus, and also notes how this leaves us with a problem. We ourselves need a theology of land, but if we follow the New Testament's interpretation, we have no obvious way of finding one from Scripture. The fact that the Old Testament has a broader social vision than the New thus puts a question mark by the thesis that insight 'develops' through the Scriptures in such a way that the New Testament by its nature represents progress. Dr Marshall himself recognizes that 'development' is a hazy notion and that, as time goes on, while new insights are gained, old insights can also be lost (or perhaps taken for granted and left unstated). I myself doubt whether development in the sense of progress is at all a good model for understanding the interrelationships within Scripture. Dr Marshall's chapters were originally given as lectures at the Institute for Biblical Research in the USA and at Acacia Divinity College in Nova Scotia, and were accompanied by the thoughtful and wide-ranging responses by Professors Kevin Vanhoozer and Stanley Porter. Both refer to Dr Marshall's assumption that of course we could never reckon that God approves of the genocide that the Book of Joshua describes. It is not clear on what scriptural basis he says this, and both respondents suggest that its basis is an attitude that comes from our own culture rather than from Scripture. Their point relates to an issue Dr Marshall raises in his first chapter. He assumes that interpretation works by our first doing exegesis and then moving on to application, but he also notes the big differences between two commentaries on the Pastoral Epistles, which indicate that 'something more than exegesis is at work' in them. In order to make the move


The Mt. Melbourne field is interpreted as a quiescent volcanic complex, located in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, at the boundary between the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) and the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS). It is one of the handful Antarctic volcanoes with the potential for large–scale explosive eruptions [1], with resulting key effects on the local environment and potentially on climate.


Abstract 504 The hematopoietic niche supports both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. We have evaluated the functional interactions between leukemic cells and the endothelial cell component of the hematopoietic niche. Highly enriched populations of circulating human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were obtained by therapeutic leukapheresis. These primary AML cells rapidly homed to and associated with pre-existing vascular tubes in vitro. Co-culture of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) with AML cells both inhibited AML apoptosis by ∼50% (p 50% human AML cells in the bone marrow) we observed leukemic infiltration into the perivascular region of both large and small vessels of the mouse liver, and AML cells were frequently integrated into the vascular endothelium. Confocal microscopy surprisingly revealed the co-expression of human CD45 and the mouse endothelial cell marker CD31. To evaluate these apparently fused leukemia/endothelial cells further, single cell suspensions from the livers of mice engrafted with AML cells were FACS sorted based on the co-expression of human CD33 and mouse CD31. Multiplex PCR analysis of single hCD33+/mCD31+ cells verified the presence of both mouse genes (fah and tspy or D2Mit206) and human genes (flt3 and tty-15). The presence of the patient specific, leukemia-associated Flt3-ITD mutation confirmed that fusion occurs between malignant cells and vascular endothelium. AML and endothelial cell fusion was also confirmed by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with species specific centromeric probes. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the functionally important cross-talk between normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and vascular endothelium extends to malignant hematopoiesis. The fusion of primary AML cells with normal endothelial cells raises the possibility that vascular endothelium may serve as a reservoir for occult leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objective:To probe the computed tomographic findings of the midline destructive lesions of the sinonasal tract.Methods:We reviewed the CT studies and clinical,pathologic data of 16patients with midline destructive diseases of the sinonasal tract.Results:No differences could be found in the CT findings of these diseases.Their CT features included:①unilateral or bilateral distribution of the lesions.②the ethmoid and maxillary antrums were involved more frequently.③in-vasion of the nasal alae and fat pad in front of the maxillary antrum occurred occasionally.④nasopharyngeal involvements pre-sented as a choanal mass or infiltration of the nasopharyngeal walls.⑤intracranial and orbital involvements occurred occasionally and at times pterygopalatine fossa,infratemporal fossa,pterygomaxillary space were aggressed.⑥without or just a little bone erosion,while sometimes erosion as well as proliferation can be found.Con clusion:The midline destructive lesions frequently have the same clinical and imaging features,differential diagnosis of nasal lymphoma and Wegener's granulomatosis should be considered.The final decision depends on pathological examination.


We are interested in the impact of dark energy on the perihelion shift of planets.For Mercury,we find an additional contribution due to dark energy,which is approximately 1/10000 of the total angular of the perihelion shift.Thus,it is possible to determine the equation of state of dark energy by observing the perihelion shift of Mercury.Furthermore,the conclusion may be helpful for checking up the dark energy models.


Based on the theory of thermal fluid dynamic lubrication, the Reynolds equation and energy equation of the average flow of a piston–cylinder interface of a radial piston pump in a high-pressure common rail system are established, considering the surface topography effect. The tribological properties of the piston–cylinder interface are calculated by solving the Reynolds equation and energy equation. A surface wear model is established and the wear distribution and trend of the piston–cylinder interface are studied. The wear characteristics of the piston–cylinder interface are verified through experiment, and the wear lubrication of the piston–cylinder interface is discussed. The surface topography effect has a considerable influence on the characteristics of the piston–cylinder interface film. Different surface morphologies change the film characteristics of the piston–cylinder interface, yielding different wear behaviors on the mating surface. The wear of the piston–cylinder interface first decreases along the film outlet to the inlet and then rises. The cylinder surface mainly exhibits abrasive, cavitation, and micro-convex scratch wear, whereas the piston surface mainly shows cavitation wear. The results obtained in this study are of considerable significance as they reveal the tribological properties of the piston–cylinder interface under the surface topography effect.


The recent dissemination of new public university campuses in Brazil has allowed knowledge to be taken to more remote areas of the country, outside the traditional locations of capitals. Allied to the new technologies of precast modular systems of civil engineering, this process has made possible the rapid construction of the different types of buildings that are part of the university centers, which IX Seminário Brasileiro de Acessibilidade Integral . Natal, 13-15/maio/2020 includes the library space. An environment designed for the development of study and research activities, such as a university library, which deviates from the recommendations for environmental and ergonomic comfort standards, may be unable to provide well-being to the individual, discouraging their permanence and compromising the performance of activities indicated for that space. Within this context, the current research rested the focus on the analysis of a newly built library of a public university located in the interior of northeastern Brazil. For procedural guidance, the Ergonomic Methodology for the Built Environment (MEAC), proposed by Villarouco (2007), was used. The investigation pointed out several inconsistencies in terms of layout, environmental comfort and space organization, which made it possible to develop a series of ergonomic recommendations directed to the library.


Hazardous operations which have in the past been completed by technicians are under increased scrutiny due to high costs and low productivity associated with providing protective clothing and environments. As a result, remote systems are needed to accomplish many hazardous materials handling tasks such as the clean-up of waste sites in which the exposure of personnel to radiation, chemical, explosive and other hazardous constituents is unacceptable. Computer models augmented by sensing, and structured, modular computing environments are proving effective in automating many unstructured hazardous tasks. Work at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has focused on applying flexible automation (robotics) to meet the needs of the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). Dismantling facilities, environmental remediation, and materials handling in changing, hazardous environments lead to many technical challenges. Computer planning, monitoring and operator assistance shorten training cycles, reduce errors, and speed execution of operations. Robotic systems that re-use well-understood generic technologies can be much better characterized than robotic systems developed for a particular application, leading to a more reliable and safer systems. Further safety in robotic operations results from use of environmental sensors and knowledge of the task and environment. Collision detection and avoidance is achieved from such sensor integration and model-based control.more » This paper discusses selected technologies developed at SNL for use within the USDOE complex that have been or are ready for transfer to government and industrial suppliers. These technologies include sensors, sub-systems, and the design philosophy applied to quickly integrate them into a working robotic system. This paper represents the work of many people at the Intelligent Systems and Robotics Center at SNL, to whom the credit belongs.« less


A modified particle filter based distributed Track-Before-Detect algorithm is presented in this paper aiming at implementing the computing of fusion particle weight and solving the correspondence among sensors' local particles.Formula of fusion particle weight is re-deduced and an approximate expression is gained,which insures the veracity of result and reduces complexity simultaneously; A Gibbs sampler based parameter estimation algorithm is contrived to handle the correspondence among sensors' local particles; SPRT-FSS likelihood ratio detect algorithm is introduced according to the relation between fusion particle weight and sensors' local particle weight and how to catch the weak target is definitely achieved by it.Efficiency of our algorithm is validated by comparing with simple sensor processing,which reduces decay of detecting weak target and improves the precision of estimation.


The paper reviews the major progress in the study of adakites in China, discusses the reason why so many papers on adakites have been published in China, summarizes the contribution and remaining problems of the adakite study and explores the present problems and future direction in the study. The author thinks that the study of adakites in China is on the upswing, which has been one of focuses of adakite study worldwide. However, generally the research level is not high though many papers have been published. Many questions and phenomena in the field remain unknown. The following are potentially key topics for future studies: (1) the origin of Mesozoic C-type adakite in eastern China; (2) the uplift mechanism of the eastern China Plateau in the Mesozoic; (3) the relationship between the adakite formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and (4) the relationship between C-type adakite and porphyry Cu-Au mineralization.


issue is discussed of contemporary stringent requirements to ensuring of safe labor conditions for mine workers. Risk assessment of mine equipment breakdowns and failures is reviewed in more detail. Risk assessment of a raise driving complex is presented as an example.


Modern gymnastics appears more characteristic of polarization,it results a lot of hatching in perceiving essence of gymmasitics.Therefore,after seriously researching and analysising basic characteristic of main content in the gymnastics,this paper profounds a new own standpoint and expounds it in detail,hoping to support the foundation of reference for the gymnastic theory and practice in further standardizing gymnastics system,deepening teaching reform,reinforcing course construction and so on,in the future.


: 19 Interaction of allogenic and autogenic forcing in building alluvial stratigraphy remains a complex 20 subject that is critical for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate reconstruction and subsurface rock 21 property prediction. Autogenic processes may act at similar vertical and lateral scales at which 22 astronomical climate forcing drives alluvial stratigraphic deposition, making it difficult to disentangle 23 these drivers in the rock record. In the lower Eocene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, 24 USA, a lot of evidence has been gathered to relate dominant floodplain aggradation cycles to precession- 25 scale climate change. Previous studies have analyzed these cycles to be consistently developed in 26 multiple areas of the basin of different ages and, in one study, in two parallel one-dimensional (1-D) 27 occurring at around 7.0 m thickness, which is probably why autogenic and allogenic drivers can be 50 disentangled in this series. 51


In developing countries, like Jordan, climate change and population growth have prompted land-use and land-cover changes that have profoundly affected ESs, especially by poor people living in fragile ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the attitudes towards ES among households living in Wadi Araba, a study area located in a dry ecosystem with limited natural resources, as well as to determine the value of ES and the main socio-economic and perceptions factors influencing households' willingness to accept (WTA) compensation according to the families' priorities. The face-to-face method was used to interview a random sample of 296 residents from the study sites, using a structured questionnaire to capture the accepted level of compensation for conservation by the local community. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the main socio-economic factors affecting WTA. More than 91% of the respondents were willing to accept compensation for three different conservation plans that reflect the resident's priority. For the three priorities, the weighted average of the compensation levels was JOD 436, 339, 261 per household per year, respectively, and the aggregate values were about JOD (1,196,977.8, 930,601.2, and 719,411.8, respectively) (JOD 1 = USD 1.41). The residents' gender, age, and income were among the most important factors that affect the compensation level. The main policy implications are that the government and non-governmental organizations should strengthen advocacy and education of arid ecological and natural resources protection, besides including the local community in any decisions in establishing differentiated compensation strategies and regulations. Eventually, the conservation and restoration activities will become self-initiated.


2. BASELINE SYSTEM We performed simple speech recognition experiments for 4-digit strings to analyze the major errors in spontaneous speech . 2.1 Recognition system •Start-point and end-point detection The input of a realistic recognition system, being a continuous sequence of speech and background events, requires an efficient algorithm to distinguish the speech utterances from the surrounding background. In this study, we implemented a start-point and end-point detector based on HMM likelihoods. For every input speech frame we compared the probability between two HMMs: a background model and a composite all-digit model, whose purpose is to match any digit event. This model was trained using a large database containing samples of all digits. When the difference between the probabilities rises above an experimentally determined threshold, the start-point is set and recognition is started. The comparison is then carried on until the end-point is decided, using the same likelihood-based criterion. The thresholds were first determined so that the largest pause between two digits in a string did not exceed 320ms. •HMMs A feature vector consists of the 16-dimension mean normalized cepstrum vector and 16-dimension delta ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe a new recognition system for 4-digit-strings in Japanese under fluent speech conditions. In particular, we introduce several methods to solve the problems related to the spontaneity of speech: discrimination of speech and background noise, out-ofvocabulary words, pauses between digits, etc. These methods led to an error rate reduction of 76%, compared to a simple startand end-point detection based recognizer using non-refined models.


In June, 1997, MTA Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) completed its Signal Strategy, which is a 16 year, $700 Million plan to improve both the condition of its signaling and its suitability to supporting service demands. It addresses both short- and long-term issues regarding safety, reliability, cost, functionality and performance. In the long-term, the plan is heavily dependent on communication-based train control (CBTC) because of its potential benefits. Given the resultant need for the LIRR to assume an aggressive role in promoting the development of CBTC, and the MTA New York City Transit (NYCT) concurrent initiative to install it on its Canarsie Line, a joint effort was conceived to secure benefits for both MTA agencies through synergy and averting the duplication of effort. A fundamental characteristic of CBTC is its inherent capability for exchange of critical data between trains and the wayside. This characteristic will make possible expanded functionality that has not been possible previously. The preferred technical communication medium is spread spectrum radio due to its robustness, capacity and suitability to physical conditions such as site availability.


Efforts to develop computer-based automatic test generation for digital circuits have been generally unsuccessful, except in the case of combinational circuitry. Current ATPG methods for sequential circuits often require a considerable amount of computer time and generate unstructured test waveforms of limited value. Experienced human test programmers, on the other hand, appear to have little difficulty in generating high-quality tests for complex sequential circuits when they have a good understanding of how the circuit operates. This article considers the causes of failure in automatic test generation algorithms and describes a new system called Hitest. This system lets the computer use human understanding of circuit operations to generate more effective tests.


The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) normal modes of oscillation of sheared coronal arcades including longitudinal wave propagation are studied. Solutions have been computed to ascertain the effects of the longitudinal magnetic field component, By, and of the longitudinal wavenumber, ky, in these structures. Our results show that whenever By ≠ 0 and/or ky ≠ 0, fast modes, characterized by a global velocity structure and a discrete spectrum of frequencies, and Alfvén continuum modes, characterized by a velocity perturbation confined to given magnetic surfaces, get coupled and no pure fast modes or pure Alfvén modes exist, but modes with mixed properties arise. These oscillatory modes display a global spatial distribution, together with a nonsquare integrable singular behavior on certain magnetic surfaces. Moreover, this mode coupling is such that under some circumstances the Alfvénic contribution is also in the form of a smooth velocity profile covering a range of magnetic surfaces instead of a singularity on a fixed magnetic surface. The coupling between fast and Alfvén modes is governed by the parity of their eigenfunctions in the direction along the equilibrium magnetic field. The parity rules determining the features of coupled modes in terms of their spatial structure, ky, and By are presented. We have found that the frequency of coupled modes is real when either By ≠ 0 or ky ≠ 0 but is complex when both By ≠ 0 and ky ≠ 0. Also, an important result is that coupled modes may not be observable since many of them leak energy away from the solar corona.


Based on engineering praticle,construction flow,construction key points,construction technology and quality control experience are summarized.During the construction in plastic track base,these key points of raw material quality,construction temperature control,evenness and evaluation control and roller compaction are attened.


In terms of belief and attendance, Sweden is one of the most secular countries in the world. Yet, church affiliation and ritual participation remain high. Asthe Church of Sweden historically served secular functions on behalf of the state, this paper uses survey data from the International Social Survey Program to investigate the extent to which Swedes are culturally religious, whereby they belong without believing. Findings reveal more prominent differences between individuals identifying with other religions and the Church of Sweden than between those identifying with the Church of Sweden and no religion. Furthermore, there is a weak connection between beliefs and Church of Sweden identification, while there is a strong relationship between beliefs and regular attendance. As such, this study calls for careful conceptualization of religious belonging as, in some contexts, common measures of objective religiosity, such as affiliation and attendance, reflect fundamentally different phenomena.


This text contains a conjecture on (C,α)-summability of Fourier series, and also new proofs which I was not able to find during the writing the book. 1. A conjecture on (C,α) convergence On page 192, Problem 4.1, I posed the question: Whether there exists a function f ∈ H(T), 1 < p ≤ 2, such that σ n f(ζ) diverges for a.e. ζ ∈ T? Here we add: Conjecture. Let 1 < p ≤ 2 and α = 1/p− 1. (i) If β > α then σ nf(ζ)→ f(ζ) for a.e. ζ ∈ T. (ii) There is a function f ∈ H(T) such that σ nf(ζ) diverges a.e. (iii) There exists a function f ∈ C(T) such that σ n f(ζ) diverges a.e. Of course, (iii) imply (ii) for p = 1/2. We recall that if f ∈ H, p < 1, then σ n(ζ) → f(ζ) [Zygmund]. On the other hand, there exists a function f ∈ H(T) such that σ nf(ζ) diverges a.e. [Kolmogorov–Hardy–Rogosinski]. The above conjecture is based on the relation [3, Theorem 4.13] (1) lim inf n→∞ |σ nf(ζ)− f(ζ)| = 0, for a.e. ζ ∈ T, which is obtained from (2) lim inf n→∞ ‖σ nf − f‖p = 0 by means of Fatou's lemma, whereas (2) follows from (3) lim n→∞ 1 Ln n ∑ k=0 1 k + 1 ‖σ nf − f‖p = 0, where Ln = n ∑ k=0 1 k + 1 . The latter can be "easily" deduced from 1 Ln n ∑ k=0 1 k + 1 ‖σ nf‖p ≤ Cp‖f‖p, (4) and the deduction is left to the reader. The "reader's" proof of (3). Let f ∈ H, ε > 0, and choose a polynomial P of degree s such that ‖f − P‖ < ε. Then we have Snf := 1 Ln n ∑ k=0 1 k + 1 ‖σ k f − f‖ = 1 Ln m ∑


The predictive functional control proposed by this paper is applied to the combustion system of an industrial chain boiler.The result from simulation shows that this controller is very reliable,robust and high accuracy in control.


In continuation of earlier experiments (Harrison 1937) in which the thermal diffusion in radon-hydrogen and radon-helium mixtures was measured, the thermal diffusion of mixtures of radon-neon and radon-argon has now been studied. The mean value obtained for the ratio of the proportion by volume of radon on the cold side at 0° C to that on the hot side at 100° C, after thermal diffusion, was 1·074 for radon-neon mixtures, and 1·008 for radon-argon mixtures. In order to calculate the repulsive force field, F12, between these two pairs of molecules, the present results were combined with measurements of ordinary diffiisirm of radon into neon and radon into argon (Hirst & Harrison 1939), and viscosity determinations at various temperatures of neon and argon (Trautz & Binkele 1930). The special theory, due to Chapman (1929), of thermal diffusion of a rare constituent in a binary mixture was used to derive Flt. The values obtained for the repulsive force field between the dissimilar molecules at collision were: F12(radon-neon) = 1·9 x 10-51 d-6·1 = (d/d0)-6·1, d0 = 4·8 x 10-9, F12(radon-argon) = 2·1 x 10-43 d-5·1 = (d0)-5·1, d0 = 4·3 x 10-9, d being the distance between the point centres of repulsive force and d0 the value of d at which F12 is 1 dyne. A comparison of the values obtained for the repulsive force index for radon-neon and radon-argon molecules with those obtained by Atkins, Bastick & Ibbs (1939) for binary mixtures of the first five inert gases shows that radon is the4 softest ' of the inert gas molecules. Radon-argon molecules are the closest approach to the Maxwellian case yet studied experimentally.


Abstract : This research designed usable standard color chart which was planned by hue and tone color system. Thisresearch studied 5 types standard color chart by designed tone map and preceding research. 「Basic Color Chart 14Colors」 was planned for kindergarteners. 「Primary Color Chart 63 Colors」 was planned for schoolboys. 「MiddleGrade Color Chart 114 Colors」 was planned for junior high school students. 「High Grade Color Chart 152 Colors」was planned for senior high school students. 「 Hue and Tone 205 Colors」 was planned for university students and gen-eral publics. These 5 types standard color chart were produced the trial color coordinate card and attached the Munsellnotation which could reappear the spare color paper when needed. These 5 types standard color chart would be offeredthe data base for efficient color coordinate education as school age. Key words:Basic Color Chart 14 Colors, Primary Color Chart 63 Colors, Middle Grade Color Chart 114 Colors, HighGrade Color Chart 152 Colors, Hue and Tone 205 Colors


Recently, there is a growing concern especially among muslims society to opt to the fully-fledged Islamic banks as an alternative to the conventional banks due to the
requirement of shari'ah. Malaysia as one of the leading Islamic country that continuously emphasise on the Islamisation process has been selected as the focus of the study. The fully-fledged Islamic banks in Malaysia have adopted the Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) disclosure in their daily practices which will reflect the interest of the muslims stakeholders and other stakeholders. The study examines factors that determine the Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) disclosure based on two theories i.e. resource-based theory and stakeholders' theory. Based on resource-based theory, this study examines the influence of five largest institutional ownership, muslims board members, top management support and the independent non-executive directors on the ICSR disclosure. In addition, the effects of the ICSR disclosure to the firm performance based on stakeholders' theory are also examined. Furthermore, the content analysis is used to measure the extent of ICSR disclosure with the related variables based on the annual reports of the 17 fully-fledged Islamic banks in Malaysia for the year ended
2008 until 2010. The findings of the study shows that muslims board members and top management support significantly influence the ICSR disclosure while the independent non-executive directors do not influence the ICSR disclosure. On other hand, five largest
shareholders have inverse relationship with the ICSR disclosure. Furthermore, ICSR disclosure is significantly affecting the Islamic banks' performance which is in line with the stakeholders' theory. Thus, ICSR disclosure is viewed as intangible resources as well as can be used as important strategy which improves the Islamic banks profitability besides portrays good reputation to public. Overall, this study highlights the importance of board composition, top management support and the institutional ownership on the ICSR disclosure. Further, ICSR influence Islamic banks to disclose more ICSR information in annual reports and subsequently improving the firm performance.


The first demonstration of a fully geographically scaleable mobile navigation system, given by Yeoman in 2000, is seen as an important stage in the development of in-car navigation following the trend from on-board to off-board systems. The paper summaries the key enabling technologies that need to be integrated to make off-board mobile navigation a reality. The paper also considers the efforts necessary to ensure the service can be personalised to customer needs, while remaining affordable. Yeoman's mobile navigation service is described and the part it plays in the future in-car navigation market. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E109405.


Magnetic contactor is an electromagnetically operated switch that serves to open and close high-energy electric
circuits. In the opening of the contactor, the moving parts of the contactor must be stopped at the end of the opening
stroke. It is important that much of the kinetic energy be absorbed in the impact to avoid a rebound that would bring
the contacts close together again. Because the closing and opening action frequently occurs, the impact between the
moving part and the stopper reduces the mechanical lifetime of the contactor. Therefore, the rebound of the contactor
is the most important characteristics that have much influence on electrical performance in the opening responses. In
order to reduce the rebound, the impact force between moving contactor and stopper is predicted because the impact is
a dominant source of the rebound. However, it is so difficult to predict the impact force because of Its non-linearity. In
this paper, we suggest the method of the impact force model for predicting the impact phenomenon. The impact force
is modeled by the nonlinear spring-damping element with Hertz law and hysteresis damping function. In this way
impact force model consists of three parameters, stiffness coefficient, damping coefficient, and power on the
indentation. These three parameters are determined through drop type impact test between moving contactor and
stopper. The derived impact model is applied to predict the impact force of magnetic contactor in opening motion.


For long term use of dams, it is required to develop methods of sediment management in reservoirs.As one method, Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBT) are operated in Japan and Switzerland to prevent reservoir sedimentation. SBT reduces sedimentation in reservoirs by routing the incoming sediments around the dam. SBT, however, is prone to severe invert abrasion caused by high sediment flux. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a measurement system of sediment transport rates in the SBT. A geophone was experimentally investigated in a laboratory flume at ETH Zurich. The sediment transport rate is calculated based on the plate vibration caused by hitting of gravels. In this paper, in order to alleviate disadvantages of a geophone, two newly developed sensor systems, a plate microphone and plate vibration sensor, are suggested and the results of their calibration experiments are shown. Finally, they are compared with the existing methods.


From Organizational Democracy to Organizational Efficacy: Toward a Class Analysis of Union Organization Historical Problems and Theoretical Advances in the Study of U.S. Working-Class Capacities Class Formation and Class Capacities: Case Studies of Three CIO Unions--United Auto Workers, Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers, and the International Woodworkers of America Class Capacities and Labor Internationalism: The Case of the CIO-CCL Unions There Was a Difference: Communist and Non-Communist Leadership in CIO Unions Uneven Development, Class Formation and Organization Theory: New Departures for Understanding Current Struggles


The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship and impact of tourism components which tourism system is associated with desirable development of destination. Concern is with conciliating tourism system to apply with planning process by constructing tourism component to measure the impact of importance. In this context, research problems are raised as follow : (1) to formulate tourism system of construction the tourism component for tourism demand and supply (2) to identify the roles of component and how are structured with its. (3) to identify the importance both relationships and impacts in the tourism system. A model describing the role of components in planning process of tourism system was selected. It consisted of six components but distinctive and stable dimension ; Tourism Demand, Transportation, Attractions, Facility-Service, Promotion and Information. In this dissertation, the model of tourism system is assessed with regression analysis. The policy implication of this study is that tourism planner should encourage market needs for tourism system under the base of supply component. Of course among the demand, relationship of five components and definition of tourism system should be included. Major findings are as follows : First, we can see that the system in formulating of demand and supply has relationships with the importance. Tourism planners have accordance to meet the destination environment and market needs. However, the market needs have difference with the importance. That is, the market needs are revealed a great of components in tourism system. Second, the impacts on supply component between five components of tourism system in terms of each component is showed to different in such as Transportation, Attractions, Facility-Service, Promotion and Information. Therefore, we can conclude that the difference of importance for tourism component is in Korea.


The physiological response of terrestrial vegetation when directly exposed to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration could result in warming over the continents in addition to that due to the conventional CO2 "greenhouse effect." Results from a coupled biosphere-atmosphere model (SiB2-GCM) indicate that, for doubled CO2 conditions, evapotranspiration will drop and air temperature will increase over the tropical continents, amplifying the changes resulting from atmospheric radiative effects. The range of responses in surface air temperature and terrestrial carbon uptake due to increased CO2 are projected to be inversely related in the tropics year-round and inversely related during the growing season elsewhere.


"Since 1990, the United States has experienced a geographic dispersion of Mexican migrants from traditional gateways to new regions. Using data from the Mexican Migration Project, we find significant differences in both the likelihood of remitting and the amount remitted by Mexican migrants across U.S. regions. Specifically, Mexican migrants living in U.S. regions that have experienced considerable increases in migrant populations since 1990 (the Northeast, Southeast, Mountain, and Midwest regions) remit at higher rates and in larger quantities than migrants living in more traditional migrant destinations (the Pacific and South Central regions), even after controlling for observed differences in migrant populations. "("JEL "F22, F32, J11, R23) Copyright (c) 2008 Western Economic Association International.


In the utilization of area by the human should pay attention the limited area exploitation due to the larger exploitation will affect to the area. For example the landslide, is a frequently natural phenomenon occurred. This research aim to know the slope, length of slope, texture, structure, permeability, rock decay, rainfall rate, area usage and the potency of landslide around the vicinity of Manainjau Lake to each existing area at the  at Tanjung Raya District of Agam Regency. For each existing area in the research area consisted of six unit area and sample was taken by purposive sampling through related consideration where the sample was taken have already represented each various area unit that has already established. The data analysis used descriptive analysis that is an analysis in the form of comparative table between the slope, length, texture, structure, permeability, rock decayed, rainfall, the area usage and landslide potency in the vicinity of Maninjau lake. The result of research showed that: 1) the slope in the research area have variation, those are started from 2 fold level with the slope about (16%), 3 fold level with the slope about (35%), 4 fold level with the slope about (42%). 2) the length of slope was started from the criteria of length (140 m) up to the longest due to trigger the landslide. 3) the physical character of soil to the research area was generally sensitive to have landslide because its texture of muddy and sandy and structure granular and permeability started from the lowest, speed, rather speed, the decay level was strong decay, rainfall at the station of Manggopoh was the highest with amount about 158,72 mm/years, 4) the area usage have variation was started from the bush to the forest, agriculture area and farming area. 5) By having risky level of landslide danger which consisted of 1. Middle level to the area unit 1 (V1 Qamj.IISbl.Dyst, to the sample 2 (V1.Qamj.II.Ht.Hap) sample 3 (VI.Qamj.II.Kc.Ter) and sample 4 (VI.Qamj. IV.Ht.Hap) sample 5 (V3 Qamj.IV.Ht.Dyst) and sample 6 (V3.Qamj.IV.Sw.ter) Key words: Danger, Landslide, Slope, Maninjau Lake.


The present invention provides a relatively wide range of microorganisms may be applied and quickly extracted of the nucleic acid extraction method. The method comprising: the cell suspension was added to the vessel in step, the step of the closed container, and the heated portion is preheated to above 100 ℃ set temperature step. Moreover, the method further comprising causing the container by the heating portion in contact with said set temperature reached at the sealed state of the container the container receiving the cell suspension was heated to 100 deg.] C the above steps a predetermined maximum temperature.


The health officer and the sanitarian both tend to be independent, strongly-motivated men. Differences in training, and in their location in the heirarchy of public health organization may easily create opportunities for conflict. Conflict occurs whenever director and sanitarian act on the basis of hiding or compensating for real or imagined personality defects. Conflict can be prevented by self-understanding and by understanding and respect for others. This brings about concrete program achievement, and job satisfaction for all.


This paper elaborates on political support "tuanku" (tarekat / sufi order elite in the context of Shathariyah in Minangkabau) against a candidate in the 2010 West Sumatra province governor elections, with a locus in Padang Pariaman. These studies have been selected because the dualism phenomenon of political supports Tuanku Shathariyah to the candidate. On the one hand, Tuanku Syathariyah, who declared themselves as "alim ulama" around the Padang Pariaman district, under the command of Buya Zubir Tuanku Kuniang and Azwar Tuanku Sidi "agreed" to support the candidate Irwan Prayitno-Muslim Kasim (Irwan-MK). Meanwhile, another group under the coordination of Ismet Ismael Tuanku Mudo and Darwinis Zen Tuanku Sutan Majolelo, declare themselves as "representation" of the Tuanku and Syathariyah community in the West Sumatra, determined to win a pair of candidates Endang Irzal and Asrul Syukur. This paper aims to identify the dualism of political support Tuanku Tarekat Shathariyah against candidates on West Sumatra Governor election in 2010. It also identifies and analyzes the causes of political support dualism. This paper is the result of field research, with qualitative paradigm and research approach. Data were collected through literature study technique, in-depth interview, and observation. Data were analyzed using descriptive and qualitative analysis strategy model. Validity of data measured from the level of "reliability" (trustworthiness), and "authenticity", both of which will be measured from the standard trust (credibility). In addition, data triangulations have been done. The study showed that in real terms there has been a dualism of Tuanku Tarekat Syathariyah political support against election candidates in the 2010 West Sumatera election. In general, this was due to weak internal coordination among the Tuanku Tarekat Shathariyah. The study also found that the consideration for the Tuanku Tarekat Syathariyah in providing support to candidates in the election are: emotional relationship with the candidate, regional sentiment, hopes candidates will pay attention to the interests of tarekat Syathariah, the quality of the candidate, and personal interests in the form of material.

Keywords: Political support, Tarekat / Sufi order, local election, Tuanku, Shathariyah

Sub Theme: Religion, Civil Society and State.


We present a semi-supervised way of training a character-based encoder-decoder recurrent neural network for morphological reinflection—the task of generating one inflected wordform from another. This is achieved by using unlabeled tokens or random strings as training data for an autoencoding task, adapting a network for morphological reinflection, and performing multi-task training. We thus use limited labeled data more effectively, obtaining up to 9.92% improvement over state-of-the-art baselines for 8 different languages.


Building design of civil defense basements needs coordination and cooperation of engineers in different majors.And to fix the position,size and functions in peace and war time of an air defense basement,factors over and under the ground should be considered comprehensively according to instructions of the civil air-defense construction layout and architectural planning in the city.Based on design of a civil defense basement,some main points of architectural design for civil defense basements are expounded in this paper,and some experience for civil defense design is also presented.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. Methods The characteristics of SAPHO syndrome on 99Tcm-MDP imaging of 8 cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results The 99TcmMDP bone scan was positive for all patients. Seven cases were found lesions in the costoclavicular region, 3cases involved with unilateral sacroiliac joint, 2 cases involved with spine and 1 patient with extremity. Four lesions were found without relevant clinical symptoms. Conclusion Bone scintigraphy is useful for the diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome, especially for those lesions with no clinical symptoms.

Key words:
Accquired hyperostosis sydrome;  Radionuclide imaging;  MDP


An endeavour of present study is to optimize the method for determination of swelling factor of Ispaghula seeds, so it can be determined correctly with minimum errors which will be reproducible. The polysaccharides in the mucilage of Plantago seeds constitute a diverse class of biological macromolecules with a broad range of physiochemical properties which are widely used for applications in Pharmacy and medicine. Many official and unofficial sources described different methods for determination of swelling factor with variable results. The present work is undertaken to determine the effect of parameters such as quantity of seed, volume and nature of solvent, time interval of agitation, time of measurement of result, Effect of quantity of seeds on swelling factor determination. Swelling factor of different seeds like Lepodium sativum, Althia officinalis and Occimum sanctum has been evaluated by IP method and optimised method for 24 h. Optimized method gives superlative results over IP method. Plantago seeds moistened with 1ml of 90% alcohol followed by addition of distilled water at room temperature along with every 3 h agitation shows exceptional swelling as compared to other methods and conditions.


HSS and carbide drill were used to machine thick composite laminate.The experiments were performed by drilling with different cutting parameters and drilling diameters.The appropriate cutting parameters are available through orthogonal test.A simple experiential formula of thrust force is established by calculation of orthogonal regression.


: This study reflects the research carried out in the field of poetic experiences and pedagogical practices lived with the indigenous peoples of the Kokama and Tikuna ethnic groups, who were guided by the desire for dialogue with their knowledge, to provide encounters with cultural exchanges that generated knowledge, strengthening the voices of the subjects involved - the indigenous people, the student-performers and the performer-teacher. The proposal is born from the extension project "Storytellers: popular theater in animated ways in the community" that seeks to make the teaching-learning process of students of the Theater Course at the State University of Amazonas fluid, as well as the poetic experiences developed in the community.


ABSTRACT Few university students in Italy today possess the necessary skills to read a musical score. Consequently, alternative strategies are needed in order to visualize – and hence to memorise – music. This is the main reason underpinning the pilot laboratory of musical architecture, which was launched in 2019 as university workshop thanks to the collaboration of Matteo Pericoli. The educational project's objective did not consist in the investigation of the stylistic analogies between architecture and music, but rather in the utilization of a plastic discipline in order to stimulate students to reflect upon musical writing, and to arrive to the point of creating three-dimensional models of the analysed compositions. The instruction of this teaching unit was based on the principles of brainstorming, peer learning, processing and the drawing up of a report of the acquired knowledge. The models created during the didactic module made it possible for the students to give an architectural form to musical solutions and concepts of a varying complexity, which facilitated their related visualization. The project demonstrated what advantages might be derived from tools which are alternatives to the musical score in order to photograph specific aspects of musical writing.


Aflatoxins are secondary toxic mold metabolites produced by Aspergillus. The techniques of immunoassay (ELISA) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used for the determination of total aflatoxins in foodstuffs produced with maize and commercialized in Brazil, between April 2003 and March 2004. One hundred and twenty-three samples of foodstuffs produced with maize were analized. Seven of which were positive in TLC and 16 in ELISA. The average of total aflatoxin found in samples using TLC was 0.62 µg/kg (µg.kg-1), while using ELISA was 0.78 µg/kg (µg.kg-1). The results presented significant differences between ELISA and TLC (T=12, p=0.0469). The data demonstrate low occurence of aflatoxins in the maize products analysed. Despite this, Average Probable Daily Intake (APDI) of AFB1 was above Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI), indicating a risk of liver carcinogenicity for Brazilian population due to the consumption of maize products. The ELISA method revealed to be simple, fast, and uses less organic solvent, however, it presented positive and negative presumptive results, what makes necessary the confirmation of the mycotoxins identity by TLC.


Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) involves sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release/reuptake and plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ influx, including store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) following SR Ca2+ depletion. Studies in human ASM have shown that siRNA suppression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 decrease SOCE; however, their exact role in regulating Ca2+ are still under investigation. In human ASM, STIM1 and STIM2 were found exclusively in SR membrane, and Orai1 only in PM (especially caveolae). GFP‐tagged STIM1 transfection showed intracellular/SR localization at baseline, with increased peri‐PM aggregation following store depletion with 10ƒÝM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Such aggregation was prevented by microtubule inhibition (nocodazole), but not actin inhibition (phalloidin). FRET analysis revealed co‐localization of STIM1 with TRPC3 and Orai1 in CPA‐stimulated cells. In fura‐2 loaded ASM cells, SOCE was significantly reduced by STIM1 and Orai1 siRNA (less so by STIM2 siRNA). However, basal Ca2+ and agonist (ACh, histamine)‐induced Ca2+ responses were substantially modulated by STIM2 suppression. These results indicate that in human ASM, STIM1 mediates SR‐PM interactions in regulating SOCE, while STIM2 modulates sub‐maximal agonist‐induced changes in Ca2+.


While the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament has captured the attention of biblical scholars over the years, no study has been devoted to the presence of Scripture in Colossians, largely because there are no explicit quotations in Colossians. With the introduction of literary intertextuality into the discipline, however, scholars have begun to devote more attention to the NT authors' less explicit references to Scripture, often labelled as 'allusions' and/or 'echoes.' Scholars, however, continue to debate what constitutes an allusion or echo, or how one validates a given proposal as such. This study proposes new definitions of these terms and offers a methodology on how to detect and validate them, using Colossians as a test case.


Immunodeficiency syndromes are considered to be responsible for some intractable infections of the ear, nose or throat.In Japan, however, there have been only a few reports of IgG subclass deficiency.This is a report of four cases of chronic or recurrent respiratory infection considered to be related to low serum levels of IgG subclass.In two patients with purulent rhinorrhea and productive cough the diagnosis was chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and OME. Haemophilus influenza was isolated in sputum cultures. One patient had selective IgG2 deficiency and the other patient had a low serum IgG4.The third patient had prolonged otitis media, had low serum IgG3 and a diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome, the fourth had recurrent otitis media, low serum IgG4 and a diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.Monthly intravenous injections of human immunoglobulin with high concentrations of the deficient subclass and appropriate antibiotic therapy brought about cures of their infections.


Background: The preoperative hand disinfection is one of the operating room nurse's
responsibilities in the work with infection prevention and is requisite in preventing surgical
site infections. Previous studies have shown that the method used for the preoperative hand
disinfection is essential to its result. There is a limited number of studies on the operating
room personnel's performance of the preoperative hand disinfection.
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the operating room personnel's adherence to the
current guidelines for the preoperative hand disinfection.
Method: The method used was a non-experimental observational study. Data was collected in
two different surgical units using a structured observational protocol. The design of the
protocol was based on the current guide lines for preoperative hand disinfection in
'Vardhandboken' as well as the disinfectant producer's recommendations.
Result: A total of 38 observations were performed in which 21 of the participants were nurses
and 17 were surgeons. Preoperative hand disinfection with Sterillium® was the most common
method used. During preoperative hand disinfection with Sterillium® 79,3 % reached the
recommended disinfection time and 55,2 % used rubbing as drying method. During
preoperative hand disinfection with Hibiscrub® 40 % reached the recommended time during
wash number one and during wash number two no participants reached the recommended
time. A mixed-method was also observed during the study where Sterillium® and Hibiscrub®
were used in combination.
Conclusion: The study indicates that there is need for improvement to increase the adherence
to the current guidelines intended for the preoperative hand disinfection.


E. Duchow and H. C. Douglas (J. Bacteriol. 58:409, 1949) found Rhodomicrobium vannielii required no added growth factors. A basal salts solution, an organic hydrogen donor, carbon dioxide furnished as bicarbonate, and light were necessary and sufficient for slow, sustained growth. Yeast autolysate was found to stimulate growth. This stimulation was not replaced by mixtures of either or both B vitamins and amino acids. Investigations reported since that time have used media containing yeast extract. Since complex growth media are unsuitable for many types of studies, it has become necessary to establish a defined growth environment that would permit the degree of enhanced growth obtained in yeast extract. The isolation and cultivation of R. vannielli strain C-2859 have been described by W. C. Trentini and M. P. Starr (J. Bacteriol. 93:1699, 1967). MgSO4.7H20 is now used at 0.01% . The light intensity used, ca. 700 ft-c, was previously shown to be saturating. Cells were grown in roll tubes with recessed, butyl rubber stoppers (R. E. Hungate et al., J. Bacteriol. 91:908, 1966). The stoppered tubes were autoclaved containing 17 ml of basal salts medium. After being filtersterilized, the lactate, bicarbonate, and sulfide, plus appropriate supplements, were each added in a volume of 0.2 ml. All tubes were inoculated with 1 ml of cells grown in minimal medium (YE-). Rates were followed through transfer in supplemented media. Supplement additions and sample withdrawal were accomplished with syringe and needle through the recessed stopper. Pressure differentials were balanced with sterile N2. Growth was measured as turbidity (optical density) at 1,000 m,u in yield studies and, subsequent to the findings below, at 755 m,u when doubling times were determined. Reliable growth rates were obtained when a wavelength of 755 m,


Current clinical x-ray imaging is based on the attenuation contrast. In order to better explore the phase-contrast inherent in tissue, we propose a dual detector approach for reconstruction of x-ray attenuation and phase images of an object. A new phase image reconstruction algorithm is derived for polychromatic x-ray source in a dual-detector configuration. With the dual detector approach investigated in this work, two images are acquired by one x-ray exposure. The 1st image is the attenuation image of the object. The 2nd image is a phase-contrast image of the object and the 1st detector. Yet the 3rd image reconstructed by the algorithm developed in this work, is the object's phase image, a completely new type of image with a great potential for clinical applications. The analysis conducted in our research showed that the dual detector approach has advantages in reduction of radiation dose and alignment errors, and avoiding the problems with motion artifacts and x-ray exposure reproducibility. The design option for the critical 1st detector is analyzed as well.


3D hierarchical Bi2S3 architectures have been successfully synthesized via a simple and effective hydrothermal process. The as-prepared Bi2S3 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption- desorption isotherms, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). The observation of field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that numerous nanoplatelets are randomly arranged and interconnected with each other, which are assembled into 3D hierarchical Bi2S3 architectures. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Bi2S3 samples was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The effect of hydrothermal temperature, reaction time, pH value and shape on the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared Bi2S3 samples was investigated. The results showed that 3D hierarchical Bi2S3 architectures prepared at 165 °C for 12 h at a pH of 2.4 exhibits high photocatalytic efficiency, which could be ascribed to the synergetic effect of the shape, surface area, crystallinity, band gap and crystalline size.


A total of one hundred and twenty, unsexed Sinai Bedouin chicks, one day old were used in this experiment. Chicks were allocated to four dietary treatments of thirty chicks which included three replicates of ten chicks. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks. Growth performance parameters, some blood parameters and economical efficiency were determined. The first group (T1, control basal diet content normal level of tryptophan supplementation, T2, T3 and T4 contented the supplementation of tryptophan at the levels of 0.20,0.25 and 0.30%, respectively.  Results were indicated that body weight and body weight gain were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by increasing of tryptophan level. The best of feed conversion ratio was recorded for treatment four supplied with 0.30% tryptophan compared with other treatments. Chicks fed diet supplemented with tryptophan were significantly increased in plasma glucose, Total protein and globulin concentration. No significant differences were noted in transaminase enzymes (ALT and AST) plasma blood concentration between all treatments. Significant decrease was observed in plasma total lipids and total cholesterol with adding tryptophan levels (0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%) compared with the basal diets. Tryptophan supplementation at levels (0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%) to chick's diet improved economical efficiency. In conclusion, supplementing tryptophan to Beduin Sinai chick's (during growth period) diet had a positive effect on growth performance and some blood constituents, especially addition 0.30% tryptophan could be recommended for improving Sinai Bedouin chick's health and economic efficiency.


Objective To observe the effects of white LED lighting in the simulated submarine environment on visual function and performance.Methods Researchers monitored the changes in the visual function and performance of the 15 subjects,after they read the same article printed with the 6th-Song typeface in the fluorescent lighting and LED lighting environments for 40 minutes,with the fluorescent lighting environment as control.Results Contrast visual acuity(CVA): CVA value in 30% of the subjects decreased to some extent,following reading in 2 lighting environments,and statistical significance could be noted,when a comparison was made between pre and post reading in the fluorescent lighting environment(4.83±0.07,4.80±0.10)(P0.05).Statistical difference could also be noted,when a comparison was made between pre and post reading in the LED lighting environment(4.83±0.07,4.78±0.09)(P0.01).However,the difference in CVA between the 2 lighting environments was not statistically significant(P0.05).Contrast sensitivity function(CSF): CSF value of the subjects in LED lighting environment(177.3±87.4) decreased to certain extent after reading(P0.05),with statistical significance(P0.05).Nevertheless,the difference in CSF between the 2 lighting environments was not statistically significant(P0.05).Ordinary visual acuity(OVA): No statistical significance could be seen in OVA,when a comparison was made between pre and post reading in the 2 lighting environments(P0.05).Visual performance: No statistical significance could be noted in visual performance of the subjects,e.g.identification efficiency of instrument and color code reading,when a comparison was made between pre and post reading in the 2 lighting environments(P0.05).Conclusion In the simulated submarine environment,white LED lighting could cause decrease in CVA and CSF,while fluorescent lighting could induce a decline in CVA.Nevertheless,no statistical significance in the visual function could be found,following reading in the 2 lighting environments(P0.05).Effects of the 2 lighting environments on visual performance seemed to be insignificant.


The paper deals with the exact controllability of a semilinear system in a separable Hilbert space. A bounded linear part is considered and a linear control introduced. The state space is compactly embedded in a Banach space and the nonlinear term is continuous in its state variable in the norm of the Banach space. An infinite sequence of finite dimensional controllability problems is introduced and the solution is obtained by a limiting procedure. To the best of our knowledge, the method is new in controllability theory. An application to an integro-differential system in euclidean spaces completes the discussion.


OBJECTIVE:To study the bio-equivalence of domestic loratadine syrup and tablets in human beings.METHODS:a dose fo40mg domestic loratadine(syrup or tablet)was given to18healthy male volunteers to a randomized crossover design.Blood samples were collected before administration and20min,40min,1hr,1.5hr,2hr,3hr,4hr,6hr,8hr,12hr,24h after administration.The concentrations of Loratadine in blood were determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bio-availability were detected with3p97program.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic Lortadine syrup and tablet were as follows:C max were(40.91±15.42)ng/ml and(41.57±18.68)ng/ml respectively;T max were(1.04±0.19)h and(1.19±0.25)h respectively;T 1/2 were(4.43±1.67)h and(4.21±1.49)h respectively;AUC 0~24 we_ re(127.60±46.28)(ng·h)/ml and(133.13±45.65)(ng·h)/ml respectively;AUC 0~∞ were(132.98±47.43)(ng·h)/ml and(138.16±47.26)(ng·h)/ml respectively.The relative bio-availability was(96.25±21.30)%.CONCLUSION:the doˉmestic Lortadine syrup and tablet are bio-equivalent.


Breast cancer screening in women with cerebral palsy: could care delivery be improved? D GAEBLER-SPIRA, R BYRNE, A TODD, J PANKO REIS, J WOLFMAN, N NANDAM, Z BLOOM, C MARCINIAK, D ROYE Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; CP Foundation/Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; RIC, Chicago, IL, USA; Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Weinberg Family Cerebral Palsy Center, New York, NY, USA


OF THE DISCLOSURE An aqueous stream containing a water-soluble, in organic sulfide compound is treated by contacting the aqueous stream and oxygen, in an amount selected to react less than 0.5 mole of O2 per mole of sulfide com pound, with a first oxidizing catalyst at oxidizing condi tions, including a relatively low pressure and tempera ture, selected to form an effluent stream containing a water-soluble polysulfide; and thereafter by contacting the polysulfide-containing effluent stream and oxygen in an amount less than the amount utilized in the first step, with a second oxidizing catalyst at oxidizing conditions, including a temperature greater than or equal to the melt ing point of sulfur and a pressure sufficient to maintain at least a portion of the effluent stream in the liquid phase, selected to produce liquid sulfur and a substantially sul fide-free treated water stream. Key features of the dis closed method involve the use of a first catalytic oxida tion step which is run at relatively low temperatures and pressures to produce polysulfide, coupled with a second catalytic oxidation step which is run at relatively high temperatures and pressures to selectively oxidize the poly sulfide to elemental sulfur, thereby preventing the deposi tion of elemental sulfur on the catalyst used during these oxidation steps while simultaneously minimizing the amount of oxygen which must be supplied at the rela tively high pressures. CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED


A passivity-based nonlinear controller for a three-phase front end converter used for connection of renewable energy sources to the grid is presented in this paper. The control objectives are to inject all the generated power into the grid and control the reactive power exchanged with the power system. The system is represented by its port-controlled Hamiltonian model and the controller is designed by interconnection and damping assignment. The design of the controller allows a direct control of the DC link dynamics and avoids the use of derivatives in the implementation of the control equations. The performance of the proposed control strategy is validated through simulations.


A lesion is found in the right breast of a 40-year-old woman, and a biopsy is performed. What is your diagnosis?


ABSTRACTWith increasing competition, U.S. corporations have been forced to make major changes in the way they operate, and many organizations have implemented improvement strategies based on the philosophy and principles of Total Quality Management (TQM). Despite its increased popularity, however, very little research has been done to determine whether organizations implementing TQM efforts have improved their performance and competitive position in the marketplace. This article explores in detail TQM's impact on organization performance and presents a description of how effective TQM strategies are designed and implemented. Both of these issues are addressed primarily through a discussion of a recent study of TQM efforts conducted by the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO, 1991), with Brian Usilaner as project leader. A number of other studies will also be used to supplement the GAO data.


Current rheumatoid arthritis treatments are only partially successful. Intra-articular psoralen-ultraviolet light (PUVA) phototherapy appears to be a new and valid alternative. Ultraviolet laser light (UVA) delivered in the knee joint through a fiber optic is used in combination with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), a light-sensitive chemical administered orally. A few hours after ingestion, the psoralen has diffused in all body cells. Once activated by UVA light, it binds to biological molecules, inhabiting cell division and ultimately causing local control of the arthritis. The magnitude of the response is proportional to the number of photoproducts delivered to tissues (i.e., the number of absorbed photons): the PUVA treatment will only be effective if a sufficient and relatively uniform dose is delivered to the diseased synovial tissues, while sparing other tissues such as cartilage. An application is being developed, based on analog Monte Carlo methods, to predict photon densities in tissues and the minimum number of intra-articular catheter positions necessary to ensure proper treatment of the diseased zone. Other interesting aspects of the problem deal with the compexity of the joint geometry, the physics of light scattering in tissues (a relatively new field of research that is not fully understood because of the variety ofmore » tissues and tissue components), and, finally, the need to include optic laws (reflection and refraction) at interfaces.« less


Pixellated TlBr detectors are studied for room temperature gamma-ray spectrometers. 4-mm thick TlBr detectors pixellated Au anodes were made by RMD Inc.. Each detector has a planar cathode and four anode pixels surrounded by a guard ring. The pixel pitch is 1 mm. Digital pulse waveforms of preamplifier outputs were recorded using a multi-channel GaGe PCI board. Digital CR-RC shaping filters were used, with 6μs shaping time for the anode pixel and 10μs shaping time for the cathode. After depth correction using cathode-to-anode signal ratio technique, an energy resolution of 2.4% FWHM at 662 keV was obtained at room temperatures from single pixel, when the cathode was biased to −600V. Current TlBr detectors suffer from polarization, which causes performance degradation over time when high voltage is applied. The polarization effect is observed after four hours of operation. This effect can be partially mitigated by reversing the polarity of high voltage bias applied to the detector.