ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation with resistance training on some components of physical fitness and body composition in young males. Twenty healthy young men volunteered to participate for the study and divided into two groups and performed 8-week resistance training while supplementing with either HMB or placebo (3 g per day). The subjects were evaluated for 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and leg press, vertical jump (VJ), anaerobic power (RAST) prior to and after training intervention. In addition, body composition variables such as percent body fat, and BMI were assessed per and post training period. Both the groups showed significant increases in 1RM bench press and leg press, VJ, and anaerobic power (RAST), and also the HMB supplementation group showed greater gains compared with the placebo. In addition, percent body fat decreased significantly in HMB and placebo groups. BMI enhancements were greater for the HMB supplementation group indicated gains in body weight. The results indicated that resistance training improved physical performance and HMB supplementation induced greater gains and therefore it could be recommend to coaches and athletes who use this supplementation to greater gains in physical fitness variables.


PS. AS PUTRA is a company engaged in chickens and feed distributors. PS. AS PUTRA a company which has been implementing ICT in business processes but existing infrastructure is still not good. Therefore, it needs a special model of defining the infrastructure, so that the existing infrastructure can be targeted in order to obtain a description of the infrastructure required for the development of infrastructure and enterprise systems PS. AS PUTRA .   Open Infrastructure Architecture Model is a framework that is able to bring the company achieve the desired objectives with concrete measures to ensure the optimal use of architecture. OIAm able to define the "capability" or the ability of a solution to a set of quality attributes. OIAm bring business agility, effectiveness of landscape architecture and infrastructure are managed and expanded in the hand of any organization.   The results obtained in this thesis report generates a Landscape Infrastructure on the need for infrastructure companies PS. AS PUTRA. M odeling infrastructure in the company PS. AS PUTRA use Framework OIAm the components used in the modeling covers Working Areas, Environment, Building Blocks, Elements and Quality attributes.   Keywords : Infrastructure Landscape, Open Infrastructure Architecture Model, Agribusiness


We report three high‐quality paleomagnetic poles for Oligocene Australia from volcanic provinces along the Cosgrove hot spot track in central Queensland, NE Australia. We present paleomagnetic poles for Springsure (27.3–28.9 Ma: ϕ=300.6°E, λ=70.5°N, K=13.7, A95=9.7°, N=18/22, Q=6), Peak Range (28.2–31.2 Ma: ϕ=291.8°E, λ=64.6°N, K=10.1, A95=8.8°, N=29/31, Q=6), and Hillsborough volcanic provinces (33.1–34.1 Ma: ϕ=301.4°E, λ=67.1°N, K=32.2, A95=7.1, N=14/18, Q=7), as well as data from Buckland and Nebo volcanic provinces. Using our new results, we resolve ambiguities present in published paleomagnetic data for Australia during the Oligocene epoch (23–34 Ma) and calculate a combined Oligocene paleomagnetic pole of ϕ=289.2°E, λ=71.0°N, (K=24.6, A95=1.9°, N=227/274, Q=6). We update the continental apparent polar wander path for Australia and find evidence for accelerated seafloor spreading in the Southern Ocean after ∼34 Ma (anomaly C13). Lastly, we take advantage of the large number of paleomagnetic sites (N=97) along the Cosgrove hot spot track to empirically evaluate the TK03.GAD geomagnetic field model. Paleomagnetic directions from rocks along the Cosgrove track have an elongation (E) of 1.6, remarkably consistent with TK03.GAD expected values for hot spot paleolatitudes (E=1.4–1.6, λ=36.6–43.3°S).


In general, the scattler is observed in fatigue test data due to the nonhomogeneity of a material. Consequently. It is necessary to use the statistical method to describe the fatigue crack growth process precisely. Bogdanoff and Kozin suggested and developed the B-model which is the probabilistic models of cumulative damage using the Markov process in order to describe the damage process. But the B-model uses only constant probability ratior(r), so it is not consistent with the actual damage process. In this study, the r-decreasing model using a monotonic decreasing function is introduced to improve the B-model. To verify the model, thest data of fatigue crack growth of A12024-T351 and A17075-T651 are used. Compared with the empirical distribution of test data, the distribution from the r-decreasing model is satisfactory and damage process is well described from the probabilistic and physical viewpoint.


We investigate channel estimation with LS (least square)and MMSE(minimum mean squared error) estimation criterion combined with OFDM multicarriers transmission′s property that the length of channel impulse response is shorter than the length of OFDM symbol. Blocktypeand combtype arrangement pilotbased channel estimation is considerd here.The channel is restored utilizing variant algorithms from the view of timedomain and frequencydomain . We simulate all the aigorithms and analysis their effect to system′s SER in OFDM system at last,The channel model is timevaring multipath Rayleighfading model under the WSSUS(Widesense stationary uncorrelated scatterring) assumption.The result showed that when the number of pilots is larger than the channel length scaled by system′s sample interval,Timedomain estimation is better than frequencydomain estimation,Otherwise MMSE estimation is better than LS estimation.


Objective To evaluate nutritional and healthy effects of marketing sweet-type red wine by maize a low-nutritional diet fed mice model combined novel BDI-GS evaluation system. Methods The healthy rodent ICR mice during linear growth were selected as subject, both groups of mice were fed with common maize low-nutritional diets, the control mice were given drinking water, and at the same time the treated mice were given P.O 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8mL original syrup of red wine, respectively, once each day, ig for12d in total. Body masses were weighed every two days, after masses weighing in the end, all animals were taken blood samples from orbital and then euthanized. Evaluation was performed by statistical analyses on absolute and relative masses of 9 organs or tissues and their BDI and GS values, and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Results The sweet-type red wine in low and medium doses showed some benefits for part nutritional indicators, majorly expressed in the weight BDIs of thymus, pancreas, liver, kidneys and spermary were slightly above 1.0, and the overall nutritional effects(integrated GSW value) was higher than that of higher dose of red wine, but overall healthy effect of red wine were similar in all three doses. In the meanwhile,successive intake of sweet-type red wine could significantly enhance glucose(P0.05, P0.01) and triglyceride(TG) levels in blood. Conclusion Sweet-type red wine has relatively lower nutritional effect, but without obvious damage, and continuous intake of it may still elevate the level of blood glucose, and yield some negative effects on blood lipid. Simultaneously, it is also demonstrated that lower-nutritional model in combination with the BDI-GS system is available to functions evaluation of nutrition and health for wine and drinks, and presents novel assessment criteria of healthfulness and imagination of safe quality for foods.


The urban landscape asses a broad spectrum of variable environments ranging from remnant patches to highly modified streetscapes. Population growth and human intervention results in loss of biodiversity. Compare to other vertebrates, Raptors are easily monitored for changes at an ecosystem scale. Biodiversity is being lost at an increased rate as a result of human activities. One of the major threats to biodiversity is infrastructural development. Despite the expansion of urban environments, few studies have examined the influence of urbanization on faunal diversity. In this study we observed that distribution of black kite was fluctuating seasonally and less in disturbed area while high in undisturbed area. Number of Black kites was high in the monsoon while low in summer because of migration of birds from neighboring cities. Our findings show the importance of minimizing human intervention and disturbance for wildlife conservation in relatively undisturbed areas.


This paper is concerned with the traveling waves and entire solutions for a delayed nonlocal dispersal equation with convolution- type crossing-monostable nonlinearity. We first establish the existence of non-monotone traveling waves. By Ikehara's Tauberian theorem, we further prove the asymptotic behavior of traveling waves, including monotone and non-monotone ones. Then, based on the obtained asymptotic behavior, the uniqueness of the traveling waves is proved. Finally, the entire solutions are considered. By introducing two auxiliary monostable equations and establishing some comparison arguments for the three equations, some new types of entire solutions are constructed via the traveling wavefronts and spatially independent solutions of the auxiliary equations.


The invention discloses a showing method, device for characters and mobile terminal, wherein the showing method for characters comprises the steps as follows: respectively obtaining the first object corresponding to the characters to be deleted and the second object corresponding to the characters to be shown in a preset time section; changing the preset parameter of the first object and the second object, merging the first object and the second object after changing the preset parameter for showing the characters to be shown. According to the showing method, device for characters and mobile terminal, respectively obtaining the first object corresponding to the characters to be deleted and the second object corresponding to the characters to be shown in a preset time section; changing the preset parameter of the first object and the second object, merging the first object and the second object after changing the preset parameter for showing the characters to be shown. The user can have gradual change effect while amending the input characters, and the display effect is abundant for improving the user use experience.


Anatomists have realized for almost a hundred years that the motor cells of the maniilzalian spiiial cord do not form an indiscriminate mass, but are arranged in longitudinal strands and clusters. This realization gave the original inipetus to the idea that the niotor cells have a spinal localization in some way correlated with the peripheral musculature which they innervate. Certain spatial relationships between motor neurons arid their end organs have been indicated by early studies of human spinal cord lesions following amputation and poliomyelitis, and by experimental amputations, nerve sections and removal of muscle. The concept that the basic divisions of the striated musculature of the body mas in some manner reflected in the arrangement of the motor neurons of the spinal cord was first fully developed hy the brilliant work of Kaiser (1891). In a comparative anatomical study of several species of mammals, fetal and adult, Kaiser advanced three fundwmental coiiclusions: (1) That the so-called medial group of cells, which he observed in all levels of the cord, supplies the axial niuscles via the dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves, and that the lateral cell mass, ~vliich he found greatly increased in size in the cord segments giving rise to the liml)


Bulk attenuation occurs in the solid, polycrystalline regions of the earth due to the local mismatch of the elastic moduli of neighboring grains. A ratio of bulk to shear attenuation which is consistent with seismological whole earth models,QK−1/Qμ−1∼1% is predicted for typical mineral assemblages of the mantle, based on viscoelastic theory. The resultingQ derived for the normal mode 0S0, 6000, is within the observed range.


This research investigates different passive design measures to improve residential buildings' energy efficiency and mitigate the effects of climate change. To identify the best passive design strategy for the climate under study, a four-Bedroom one-storey modern residential building for singlefamily was picked within the hot-dry climate zone of Nigeria as a case study. A questionnaire survey was adopted to ascertain the thermophysical properties of the building envelope, energy consumption by taking meter readings, occupancy behaviour and electricity supply schedule. The base case model was then designed in IES VE software, and the construction materials and profiles were made to conform to the standard regulations and guidelines of Nigeria. The base model was subjected to two different scenarios (Traditional building envelope and thermal insulation of Modern building envelope) and the results of the simulation were analysed and compared to the actual energy consumption using ASHRAE 2014 standard guidelines. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using visual PROMETHEE II software to ascertain the robustness and stability of the results. The results of the study show that an average of 9– 10 h of electricity is supplied to residential buildings per day. Additionally, the base case building's actual and simulated electricity consumption is 10.43 kWh/m2 year and 45.1 kWh/m2 year respectively and cooling load accounts for 35.6% (14.5 kWh/m2 year) of the total annual energy consumption of the building. There was a reduction in annual electricity consumption and cooling load by 20.4% (35.9 kWh/m2 year) and 36.6% (9.2 kWh/m2 year) respectively when the use of a traditional building envelope (strategy 1) was adopted. Similarly, the adoption of thermal insulation of the modern building envelope (strategy 2) leads to a reduction in annual energy consumption and cooling load by 21.3% (35.5 kWh/m2 year) and 47.6% (7.6 kWh/m2 year) respectively. Strategy 2 performed better when compared to the base model and strategy 1 as 50% of the months achieved a PPD of less than 15%. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis result shows the use of thermal insulation in the modern building envelope (strategy 2) is the best compared to the traditional building envelope (strategy 1). The adoption of any of these approaches in the design of residential buildings in Nigeria can not only lead to comfortable indoor environments and energy savings associated with cooling but can also cause a reduction in Open Access Received: 28 February 2023 Accepted: 10 May 2023 Published: 19 May 2023 Copyright © 2023 by the author(s). Licensee Hapres, London, United Kingdom. This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Journal of Sustainability Research 2 of 46 carbon-dioxide emissions by 23.2% and 28.4% when strategy 1 or 2 is used respectively and cost of electricity savings by 20.4% and 25.7% when strategy 1 or 2 is adopted respectively.


Renal denervation lowers arterial blood pressure (ABP) in multiple clinical trials and some experimental models of hypertension. These antihypertensive effects have been attributed to the removal of renal afferent nerves. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether renal sensory nerves contribute to the 2‐Kidney‐1‐Clip (2K1C) model of hypertension. 2K1C hypertension was produced in male C57B16 mice (12–14 weeks, Jackson Laboratories) by placement of a 0.5mm length of PTFE tubing (ID: 0.008" x OD: 0.014") around the left renal artery. 2K1C mice (n=10) displayed an elevated ABP measured via telemetry (Day 0: 96 ± 1mmHg vs Day 14: 120 ± 3mmHg; P<0.01). Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium (30mg/kg, ip) produced a greater fall in mean ABP at Day 14 vs Day 0 (Day 0: −35 ± 2mmHg vs Day 14: −57 ± 5mmHg; P<0.01). 2K1C‐clipped kidneys vs 2K1C‐unclipped kidneys had lower mass (105 ± 14mg vs 173 ± 8mg, respectively; P<0.05) and higher mRNA levels of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL2, IL10, TNFa; P<0.05). Renal afferent discharge was significantly higher in 2K1C‐clipped kidneys vs 2K1C‐unclipped vs sham mice (2K1C‐clipped: 3.4 ± 0.9 Hz vs 2K1C‐unclipped: 0.7 ± 0.3Hz vs control: 0.3 ± 0.1 Hz, n=6/group; P<0.05). Furthermore, electrical stimulation of renal afferent nerves in control mice (n=6) produced a frequency‐dependent increase in ABP (5Hz: 4 ± 1mmHg, 10Hz: 6 ± 1mmHg, 20Hz: 11 ± 2mmHg; P<0.05). These responses were eliminated after ganglionic blockade with 5mg/kg chlorisondamine (5Hz: 1 ± 1mmHg, 10Hz: 1 ± 1mmHg, 20Hz: 1 ± 1mmHg, n=4/group; P<0.05). Stimulus‐triggered averaging of SNA during stimulation of renal afferent nerves (1 Hz, 200uA) revealed significant (P<0.05, n=4/group) increases in splanchnic (179 ± 11%), renal (195 ± 15%), and lumbar (167 ± 9%) SNA. Interestingly, the latency to the peak SNA (142 ± 10ms) suggests supraspinal pathways mediate the sympathoexcitatory response. Finally, both total renal denervation (10% phenol) or selective denervation of renal afferent nerves (periaxonal application of 33mM capsaicin) at time of clipping resulted in lower ABP than 2K1C mice at Day 14 (2K1C: 120 ± 3mmHg, phenol: 106 ± 3mmHg, capsaicin: 108 ± 3mmHg, n=6–10/group; P<0.05). These findings suggest 2K1C hypertension depends on renal sensory nerves and elevated SNA via supraspinal pathways.


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of profitability, leverage on CSR disclosure with firm size as moderating. This study focuses on mining companies, where mining companies have the greatest impact on environmental damage around the company's environmental area. The sample obtained was 33 companies using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results show that profitability has a positive effect on CSR disclosure, leverage has a positive effect on CSR disclosure, firm size strengthens the effect of profitability on CSR disclosure and firm size is not able to strengthen the influence of leverage on CSR disclosure.
Keywords : CSR Disclosure; Profitability; Leverage; Company Size.


ABSTRACT The market comprises investors with a broad range of expertise. As a result, investors may make decisions differently from one another. Research reveals that investors use name-based heuristics, or short-cuts, including alphabetical ordering (Itzkowitz, Itzkowitz, and Rothbort [2015]), name fluency (Anderson and Larkin [2012], Green and Jame [2013]), and name memorability (Grullon, Kanatas, and Weston [2004]) when trading stocks, resulting in irrational decisions. Because experts and novices process information differently, name-based biases may not affect all investors equally. The authors test and confirm the hypothesis that, compared to novices, expert investors are relatively immune to name-based biases.


It is raining 15% more in certain parts of Israel these winter days, and the man responsible for it is Avraham Gagin of the Meteorological Department of Jerusalem's Hebrew University.

Gagin heads the research that has made Israel the world leader in artificially induced precipitation, where the population currently consumes more than 95% of the available water supply.


The invention relates to a method for the packaging of soft bitumen with penetration values according to DIN EN 1426 of between 30 dmm and 100 dmm, and a softening point by the ring and ball method of less than 80 ° C, in which the flat laying a plastic film on a revolving around two drums cooled belt of a belt cooler, the application of the molten soft bitumen on the plastic film in the form of at least one thin layer, solidifying the soft bitumen layer on the belt cooler, removing the soft bitumen layer together with the plastic film in the form of a soft bituminous sheet from the belt cooler and the packaging of the soft bitumen sheet are provided.


Objective To investigate the function of human insulin like growth factor-1(hIGF-1)gene transfer in vivo to inhibit the myoatrophy.Methods 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups randomly after the construction of sciatic nerve regeneration chamber model.hIGF-1 treatment group: injected the mixture of pcDNAhINGF-1 and LipfectAmine 10 μl(hIGF-14 μg) instantly under the epineurium on the crush point:model group:injected the mixture of pcDNA3.1,LipfectAmine and physiological saline 10 μl:control group: no injection.Checked the myoelectricity,gastrocnemius muscle wet weight and cross section area of muscle fiber 8 weeks later.Results the hIGF-1treatment group got better result than model and control group according to the test of the maximum wave amplitude and latency of triceps surae,gastrocnemius muscle wet weight and cross section area of muscle fiber(P0.01).Conclusion hIGF-1gene transfer in vivo could inhibit the target muscle atrophy effectively after the peripheral nerve injury.


An investigation was made of the conditions for the formation and evolution of a laser plasma near a metal surface in nitrogen at pressures of 1–140 atm. A neodymium laser (λ = 1.06μ) operating in the spiky regime with an average power density G = 1–10 MW/cm2 was used in the experiments. A numerical analysis was made of the characteristics of optical breakdown of molecular nitrogen in the pressure range 10–200 atm. The experimental data were interpreted on the basis of the results of numerical modeling.


A lightweight glass reinforced plastic (GRP) concept for the design and construction of ship deckhouses and similar offshore structural applications is presented. The concept involved the prefabrication of high quality GRP single-skin stiffened panels by resin transfer moulding and their attachment to steel or GRP framing using bolted and bonded joint details. The paper discusses the evolution of the deckhouse design concept through a series of tests and analyses. Included were static tests on GRP beams and dynamic tests on GRP panels and modules under air blast loading. Associated analytical tools for the prediction of air blast response are also validated. The effects of hull/deckhouse interaction on the buckling response of the GRP deckhouse concept and the effect of elevated temperatures on structural performance are also considered. The high strength to weight concept provides an attractive option for reducing topside weight, reducing life cycle costs through improved fatigue performance over conventional structures and providing an inherent capability for deckhouse fire containment.


The GP contract of 2004 heralded a new era in evidence-based medicine. Academic modelling suggested a huge potential reduction in deaths from cardiovascular disease by systematically controlling blood sugar, hypertension, and cholesterol.1 So the QOF was born and 25% of our income was linked to its points system. Money is the great motivator, we are intelligent people, it was just a points game and so we got gaming. Establishing disease registers, recall systems, testing and prescribing. Sick patients didn't get a look in for an appointment, as patients on different registers were receiving endless letters and appointments. Our once-sporty primary care computing systems become beige Austin Allegros; slow, clunky, unreliable, and at risk of crashing at any time. QOF templates also leaked irrelevant data …


The small form factor chirp-managed laser (CML) source at 1550 nm was used in conjunction with postdetection electronic signal processing to successfully achieve transmission over 1200 km of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber in a dense wavelength-division-multiplexing environment, without using any optical dispersion compensation. In a comparative study, the dispersion tolerance and the transmission performance of the CML were found to be better than the duobinary format.


The existing control strategy based on maximum wind power tracking of Doubly-fed Induction Generators (DFIG) can' not make any response to the deviation of the system frequency.A large number of DFIG-based wind farms in taking the place of conventional synchronous generators will decrease the controllcontrol ability of the system frequency.First,the impact of the wind penetration on the controllability of the system frequency is analyzed on the controllability of the system frequency.Then,the response of the virtual inertia control loop and the pitch angle control used for primary frequency regulation are introduced in detail.Finally,a new composite frequency control strategy is proposed,which can improve decrease the initial rate of change and the steady-state error of the system frequency through the combination of the virtual inertia control and the pitch angle control.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.


Based on power system stabilizer (PSS) and the damping controller of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS),a problem of optimal design is researched by the example of static var compensator (SVC). Minimum damp ratio of system electromechanical oscillation modes eigenvalue in the weak damping operation condition is selected as the object function. Parameters of damping controllers are optimized by the algorithm which is combined by genetic algorithm (GA) and back propagation (BP) neural network based on adaboost (Ada-BP). Simulation shows the optimized damping controllers can restrain the low frequency oscillation in multi-operating conditions of system. The algorithm provides an effective solution for optimization calculations which calls the complicated calculations.


Background: Yoga has been practiced for thousands of years to improve physical and emotional well-being. Empirical research on yoga has been ongoing for several decades, including several recent studies conducted with cancer patients and survivors. Methods: This review provides a general introduction to yoga and a detailed review of yoga research in cancer. Results: Nine studies conducted with cancer patients and survivors yielded modest improvements in sleep quality, mood, stress, cancer-related distress, cancer-related symptoms, and overall quality of life. Studies conducted in other patient populations and healthy individuals have shown beneficial effects on psychological and somatic symptoms, as well as other aspects of physical function. Conclusion: Results from the emerging literature on yoga and cancer provide preliminary support for the feasibility and efficacy of yoga interventions for cancer patients, although controlled trials are lacking. Further research is required to determine the reliability of these effects and to identify their underlying mechanisms. Brennan, C., and J. Stevens. A grounded theory approach towards understanding the self perceived effects of meditation on people being treated for cancer. Aust J Holist Nurs, Oct 1998, Oct, 5(2):20-26. Bridge, Linda R., Pauline Benson, Patrick C. Pietroni, and Robert G. Priest. Relaxation and imagery in the treatment of breast cancer. British Medical Journal, 1988, 297:1169-1172. Abstract: Objective: To see whether stress could be alleviated in patients being treated for early breast cancer. Design: Controlled randomized trial lasting six weeks. Setting: Outpatient radiotherapy department in a teaching hospital. Patients: 154 women with breast cancer stage I or II after first session of six week course of radiotherapy, of whom 15 dropped out before end of study. Intervention: Patients saw one of two researchers once a week for six weeks. Controls were encouraged to talk about themselves; relaxation group was taught concentration on individuals muscle groups; relaxation and imagery group was also taught to imagine peaceful scene of own choice to enhance relaxation. Relaxation and relaxation plus imagery groups were given tape recording repeating instructions and told to practice at least 15 minutes a day. End Point: Improvement of mood and of depression and anxiety on self-rating scales. Measurements and Main Results: Initial scores for profile of mood states and Leeds general scales for depression and anxiety were the same in all groups. At six weeks total mood disturbance score was significantly less in the intervention groups, women in the combined intervention group Objective: To see whether stress could be alleviated in patients being treated for early breast cancer. Design: Controlled randomized trial lasting six weeks. Setting: Outpatient radiotherapy department in a teaching hospital. Patients: 154 women with breast cancer stage I or II after first session of six week course of radiotherapy, of whom 15 dropped out before end of study. Intervention: Patients saw one of two researchers once a week for six weeks. Controls were encouraged to talk about themselves; relaxation group was taught concentration on individuals muscle groups; relaxation and imagery group was also taught to imagine peaceful scene of own choice to enhance relaxation. Relaxation and relaxation plus imagery groups were given tape recording repeating instructions and told to practice at least 15 minutes a day. End Point: Improvement of mood and of depression and anxiety on self-rating scales. Measurements and Main Results: Initial scores for profile of mood states and Leeds general scales for depression and anxiety were the same in all groups. At six weeks total mood disturbance score was significantly less in the intervention groups, women in the combined intervention group


was made by Empedocles remote in time, is by Plato attached to his new kind of being and thus made, we may say, 'existentially' remote. Plato's ontology is thus far from a watered-down theology. In Plato as elsewhere ontology and theology find their fulfilment in each other's arms. It would be possible to continue this sketching out of central lacunae into Gomperz' account of Aristole. For in his treatment of Aristotle Gomperz' indifference to 'ontology' becomes positively grotesque. Aristotle's metaphysics and theology are presented as a jumble of inconsistencies struggling in vain to free themselves from the dead hand of Platonism. The result is perhaps sufficiently indicated by the remark that movement Aristotle's movement, activity 'remains for us shrouded in that same impenetrable obscurity which envelops the whole of the problems relating to this subject, which are alike inaccessible to human intelligence', vol. iv, p. 222. Gomperz deals fulsomely with many aspects of ancient thought. But without an appreciation of the development of the understanding of being his history is bound to be formless, episodic. Gomperz' account of Greek philosophy is like Aristotle's world deprived, as Gomperz no doubt would wish it to be, of the unmoved mover. DENIS O'BRIEN


NAP‐22 is a neuronal protein localized in the presynaptic membrane and synaptic vesicles and recovered in a Triton‐insoluble low‐density microdomain fraction after biochemical fractionation of the synaptic plasma membrane. NAP‐22 organizes membrane microdomains through binding to membrane lipids such as cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate. In this study, NAP‐22‐binding proteins were screened through the pull‐down assay using brain‐derived NAP‐22 bound to Sepharose 4B. An actin‐capping protein, CapZ, was identified in the precipitate through mass spectrometry and Western blotting. CapZ was then expressed in E. coli and the purified protein‐bound NAP‐22 directly. Because bacterially expressed NAP‐22 bound CapZ, it was determined that the N‐terminal myristoyl moiety of NAP‐22 is not necessary for the binding. The binding of NAP‐22 showed no effect on the actin nucleation activity of CapZ measured with centrifugation and viscometric assays. Hence, the CapZ–NAP‐22 complex could work as the nucleation site of actin polymerization or as the actin filament‐anchoring site on the membrane microdomain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


With too many major film-makers saving their wares for Cannes, this years's Berlin Film Festival offered slim pickings. Nick James finds solace in genre thrillers and US indies, while overleaf, Jonathan Romney takes refuge in minimalism and Tony Rayns gets the blues at the Forum


Assessments of Labour's achievements in education in the immediate post-war period have been largely critical, but almost exclusively focused on schools' reform. This article in contrast considers Labour's policies for higher education, particularly universities. Three themes dominated the post-war agenda: science and technology, expansion (and access), and appropriate models of higher education. The demands of science and technology and the conse-quent need for expansion were the main drivers in Labour's programme. But the failure to offer a clear view of post-war development in higher education, together with a deep-seated ambivalence as to the role of technology and vocational education in universities, meant that plans for science, technology and expansion were only partially realised. The issue of appropriate models of higher education has bedevilled subsequent Labour governments, including the present administration, in their search for a policy for higher education.


This book studies the changing dualities and polarities of Shakespearean characterization as a way of examining the playwright's basically pluralistic concept of character and of its function in his art. Illustrated.


Ice hockey has traditionally been a male-dominated culture that has both promoted and legitimised masculine dominance and gender inequality. The question is, how might ice hockey games, or other male-dominated sports, be organised differently and thus become more gender equal? Our ambition in this article is to initiate a discussion about how the construction of gender in ice hockey events operationalises or opposes the dominance of men and the marginalisation of women. The specific purpose is to identify techniques that configure men/masculinities as dominant in the ice hockey culture. Taking critical studies of men and masculinities as the point of departure, with a specific focus on the situational aspects of gender construction, this case study makes use of participatory observations of eight qualification games in Swedish semi-professional ice hockey. Our results show that men and certain types of masculinity dominate in the events framing the game and how this links the ice hockey players and the club with the local body-worker culture and its industrial, economic and historical context. Identification with these men is ideally created amongst male spectators, given that children and women do not have the same obvious place in the event's narrative. Some clubs seek to include women and children in their matches, which affects both the atmosphere and the situation. By focusing on the events' introductions and general narratives, and how they make use of a (masculine) version of the place's past in the present, we discuss how the ice hockey culture contributes to the current hegemony of men and masculinities.


Determining the electrostatic force acting on saltating snow particles requires knowledge of the electric field in the saltation region and the charge on the particle. To date, measurements of average charge-to-mass ratios for blowing-snow samples have been made but Schmidt and Schmidt (1993) have indicated these may underestimate charge-to-mass ratios for individual particles due to a mixture of positive and negative charge in the samples. This paper reports on measurements of charge-to-mass ratio for individual blowing-snow particles during a moderate blowing-snow storm in southwestern Wyoming. We measured charge-to-mass ratios as large as -208 μC, kg-1, significantly higher than the -10μC kg -1 measured by Latham and Montagne (1970) and -50 μC kg-1 measured by Wishart (1970). This large charge-to-mass ratio was accompanied by a distribution of positive and negative charge on the particles, supporting the conclusions of Schmidt and Schmidt (1993).


Primary acalvaria is a rare congenital anomaly in which the flat bones of the cranium, dura mater, and associated muscles are absent. The underlying brain structures are generally complete but have been shown to be abnormally developed. The skull base, facial bones, and skin of the scalp are fully formed. The term primary acalvaria is used to distinguish it from cases that have other causes, such as amniotic band syndrome or neural tube defects. Four previous cases of primary acalvaria have been reported, which were diagnosed during the second trimester and electively terminated. Two additional cases have been reported where the fetus was delivered and survived: one child was 2 months old, whereas the other child was 11 years old with severe retardation and disabilities. Despite the outcome of these two cases, primary acalvaria is considered a fatal anomaly, with no known surgical procedures to correct the defect. From University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Correspondence: Cherie Raines, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th Street, College of Health Building, Department of RLTN, Room 461, Oklahoma City, OK 73190. E-mail: email@example.com.


Purpose – This paper attempts to establish the conceptional and computational systems of grey determinant and apply it to solve n grey equations with n grey linear equations, which can be viewed as the important parts of grey mathematics.Design/methodology/approach – Starting from the fact that missing information often appears in complex systems, the true values of elements when constructing a determinant and of coefficients when solving n equations with n linear equations cannot be obtained, so they are uncertain. However, their ranges can be obtained by using correct investigation methods. The uncertain elements and coefficients are grey and their ranges are number‐covered sets. On the basis of the results of Li and Wang, the paper systematically proposes the definition system of grey determinant and n grey linear equations, and utilizes the computational rules of grey determinant to solve the n grey equations with n grey linear equations. Some numerical examples are computed to illustrate the results ...


We present sensitivity measurements of the EVLA at C (4–8 GHz), X (8–12 GHz), and Ku (12– 18 GHz) bands to assess the feasibility of using the 3-bit samplers with these receiver bands, to quantify the resulting sensitivity, and compare it to the sensitivity obtained using the 8-bit samplers. In spite of the higher noise in data obtained through the 3-bit samplers, our on-thesky test results show that there is an overall gain in sensitivity when using the 3-bit samplers compared to that of the 8-bit for the same amount of on-source time. Depending on the amount of RFI contaminated bandwidth, the measured improvement in the continuum full-bandwidth sensitivity is ∼23%, ∼19% and ∼49%, for C, X, and Ku-bands, respectively.


Olefin metathesis has become a powerful reaction for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in organic and polymer chemistry. Availability of well-defined ruthenium-based catalysts (e.g., 1–3) tolerant of moisture, oxygen, various functional groups and normal organic or polymer processing conditions has greatly expanded the scope and applications of this process and has made it widely used in synthesis.


SUMMARY This paper reports the results from linear regression models that estimate the cost of dam removal as a function of the dam's height and length. The models indicate that, on average, each vertical foot contributes between $22,331 and $30,620 to the cost of removal. These estimates are in line with the only other study we are aware of that estimates cost per foot. Although the models fail to account for potentially important variables, they may be useful for providing rough estimates of the variable portion of dam removal cost


This paper presents an intersection management system which uses a token-based communication protocol among autonomous vehicles in a specified zone around the intersection. This allows for the exchange of information on current position, velocity, and acceleration, which would then factor into the decision on whether or not to enter the intersection. Semaphore-based algorithms are used to ensure collision avoidance. These algorithm allow only one vehicle at a time to stay in a critical segment of an intersection.


We discovered a novel small-molecule modulator 5{i,2} that can specifically induce the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Based on our biochemical and histological studies, 5{i,2} showed more of a directed differentiation of MSCs to chondrocyte balls compared to TGF-β3.


Objective To investigate the role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cAMP accumulation and the underlying mechanisms. Methods cAMP assay was used to measure cAMP accumulation in HEK293 cells transfected with GRK2 or β-Gal as control upon EGF stimulation. Coimmunopre-cipitation method was used to study the interaction between GRK2 and EGFR. Results First, intracellular second messenger cAMP accumulation was enhanced upon EGF stimulation in HEK293 cells. The cAMP accumulation induced by EGF stimulation was about 30%-40% of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. EGF-induced cAMP accumulation was greatly inhibited when the cells were transfected with GRK2 compared with control cells transfected with (-Gal (P 0.05),suggesting the negative regulation of EGF-induced cAMP accumulation by GRK2. Second, immunoprecipitation experiments showed that EGF stimulated GRK2 binding to EGFR complex in HEK293 cells in a time-dependent manner, suggesting EGF-induced GRK2-EGFR complex formation. Conclusion Overall, these data indicate that in HEK293 cells overexpressions of GRK2 and EGFR exist,GRK2 plays a negative modulatory role in EGF-induced cAMP accumulation, and this may involve the interaction between GRK2 and EGFR.


In many application domains there is a strong dependency on computing systems and the availability of a continuous service is often extremely important. Most of these systems are designed to be fault-tolerant. The enormous complexity of the algorithms that achieve fault-tolerance makes it impossible to obtain sufficient confidence in their correctness just by informal inspection. Formal methods have been applied successfully to validate smaller examples, but it is evident that more research is needed to be able to handle large examples. In practice, typically an incremental approach is followed. One starts with a (relatively) simple algorithmic problem, for instance including only some simple failures, and, after a solution for this problem has been verified, one gradually (1) weakens the failure hypothesis, and/or (2) strengthens the specification by adding requirements. The incremental approach is often quite successful because the same arguments that ensure correctness of the basic algorithm remain (more or less) valid for the more complex versions. The aim of this project is to formalize this type of reasoning: we want to develop theory which allows us to reuse formal correctness proofs of simple fault-tolerant algorithms within proofs of more complex ones.


6508Background: Physicians in the community have a broad range of experience using genomics data to inform treatment decisions. They typically have a heavier patient load than found in academic cen...


From all indications Ojukwu's Ahiara Declaration (1969) was created as a visionary document given its proto-revolutionary and socialist pretensions. Possibly, the idea was to use it as a utopia to fire the imagination of beleaguered Biafrans and thus sustain their perseverance to ultimate victory in the Nigerian civil war. This paper contends that rather than achieve this apparently intended aim, the Declaration became a table-turning argument that produced the unintended effect of demoralising a critical segment of the population, that is, the elite, by inducing a despondent mass psychological state that hastened, among other factors, the Biafran loss of the war. This is so because the unstated aim of the Declaration appears to be the exculpation of the leader and the leadership of blame for either initiating or badly prosecuting a calamitous war. Hence the juggling of essential words and phrases that could initiate critical debate on the war and the deployment of essentialist, human-rights and religion-based arguments in a bid to create a persecution complex in the people who, in consequence, would then see themselves as victims of a global conspiracy rather than their own misadventure.


Objective To investigate and summarized the surgical methods,efficacy and indications of legacy constrained condylar knee used in revision total knee arthroplasty.Methods Twenty-seven patients (27 knees) who were performed an failure primary total knee arthroplasty in Henan provincial people' s hospital from June 2008 to May 2010 were selected,there were 12 cases with chronic infection and bone defects,3 cases with joint dislocation repeatedly,22 cases with pain reason for prosthetic loosening after total knee arthroplasty.They were all treated with extension stem (6 cases with offset).Results With an average follow-up of 26.6 months(18-32 months),all patients' pain disappeared,also get an steady joint and normal alignment of knee.The joint scores and function scores were evaluated in each patient at pre-operation and post-operation by American Knee Society Score,the average joint score increased from 41.7 to 87.9.All patients were satisfied with their active full extension without infection or dislocation,average range of motion reached to 115°(80°-125 °).Conclusions Using legacy constrained condylar knee is more effective on complex revision total knee arthroplasty,especially with collateral ligament injuries or bone defects.

Key words:
Legacy constrained condylar knee;  Revision total knee arthroplasty;  HSS score; Femoral offset


This paper presents evidence on intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China over a period of 14 years (1988–2002). To understand whether the estimated inter-generational persistence can be driven solely by unobserved heterogeneity, biprobit sensitivity analysis and heteroskedasticity-based identification are implemented. The empirical results show that there have been dramatic improvements in occupational mobility from agriculture to nonfarm occupations; a farmer's children are not any more likely to become farmers in 2002, although there was significant persistence in occupation choices in 1988. In contrast, the intergenerational mobility in educational attainment has remained largely unchanged for daughters, and it has deteriorated significantly for sons. There is strong evidence of a causal effect of parental education on a son's schooling in 2002. The paper provides some possible explanations for the dramatic divergence between occupational and educational mobility in rural China from 1988 to 2002.


Introduction Section I: Antebellum Women Phase 1: Deferential Domestics Phase 2: Companionate Co-Laborers Phase 3: Passionate Partisans Conclusion Section II: Primary Documents


In a patient with a joint prosthesis, animal-related injuries present special hazards. Antimicrobial prophylaxis may be needed after a bite or scratch—but with what?


ABSTRACT Providing variety in course assignments and activities is one way to engage students and promote learning for students from diverse backgrounds and with different learning preferences. I add variety and energy to my upper-division microbiology lecture course through the use of "theme weeks." Assignments and class activities are designed to correlate with the theme of the week. Themes are chosen that align well with the course content and address institutional or program student learning outcomes. Examples of themes I use in my microbiology course include Art, Relevance to Life, and Analogies. Several theme ideas and examples of assignments and activities are provided in this article. Many of these themes are not discipline-specific and can be integrated into a variety of science courses. Since using theme weeks in my microbiology class, I have observed an increase in student participation and interest in the course.


Effects of postharvest treatment with preservatives containing 100 ppm capillin (principal ingredient of the extract) (SK253-100) from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. extract were investigated on the efficiency for reducing rind injury, black button, and shrinkage of medium-late maturing citrus 'Kiyomi' ( Citrus unshiu Marc. × C. sinensis Osb.), 'Shiranuhi' [( Citrus unshiu Marc. × C. sinensis Osb.) × C. reticulate Blanco], and 'Kawachibankan' ( Citrus kawachiensis hort. ex. Y. Tanaka) fruit. In 'Kiyomi', the effects of capillin concentrations (SK253-0, 50, 100, 150) and purified capillin (SK253-100C) were also deter-mined. The 'Kiyomi' fruit treated with SK253-100 showed the lowest ethylene evolution, although those of SK253-50 and SK253-150 were also reduced compared to the control. The respiratory rate was also the lowest in the SK253-100-treated fruit. Furthermore, the incidences of both rind injury and fruit shrinkage were also reduced by the treatment. The ethylene evolution and respiration rate of fruit treated with SK253-100C, containing purified capillin without Artemisia capillaris extract, were at similar levels to those of the fruit treated with SK253-100 containing Artemisia capillaris extract, suggesting that the ingredient capillin in the preservatives could affect ethylene biosynthesis and respiration directly or indirectly. In 'Shiranuhi', ethylene evolution and the respiratory rate, along with the incidence of rind injury, were also decreased by the treatment with SK253-100. The SK253-100-treated 'Kawachibankan' fruit in prolonged storage showed similar reductions in ethylene evolution and the respiratory rate. A lower incidence of black button and enhanced rind color were observed in the SK253-100-treated fruit. These results suggest that SK253-100 treatment was effective for reducing ethylene evolution, respiration, and injury to fruit skin during storage in medium-late maturing citrus.


In general, there are still some MSMEs that use social media only as a medium for posting photos, without further study in using social media. The purpose of carrying out community service activities is to help Grind Now Slow Bar SMEs who are facing problems such as the lack of people in Batam City knowing the location of the cafe and lack of time in making videos and designs to promote their products. Then, these MSMEs need a promotion strategy in digital marketing through advertising on Instagram social media, and e-commerce such as Gofood and Grab food. The results of these activities are to increase visitors increase followers from Instagram social media and increase turnover in these SMEs. Therefore, the author advises MSME owners to continue to improve and develop digital marketing so that it continues to grow.


This paper compares the different types of polymer-modified bitumens and their influences on the behaviour of asphaltic concrete under a wide range of various temperatures. Five polymer-modified bitumens produced in a refinery and five bitumens 80/100 modified under laboratory conditions with different polymer additives were tested, while bitumen 80/110, bitumen 60/70, and bitumen 40/50 were used as reference bitumens. The test procedures used included the standard tests of consistency, such as fraass breaking point, softening point as well as penetration and ductility at different temperatures, the test of torsional recovery, toughness and tenacity, the evaluation of viscosity and visco-elastic parameters in the balance rheometer at temperatures ranging from 25 deg c to 175 deg c, thermal resistance and tendency to separate. The asphaltic concrete with the different types of binders was examined at high temperatures using Marshall test, gyrator test and wheel tracking test. Dynamic tensile bending test was applied at medium and low temperatures. The results of the tests can be summarized as follows: the modification of bitumen with polymers causes an increase in consistency at high temperatures, whereas there is a different effect at low temperatures, due to a change in susceptibility to temperature. The properties of polymer-modified bitumens depend on the type and sort of bitumen and on the type, quantity and way of mixing of the additives. The efficiency of the polymer components of the binders is quite different. Some polymer-modified bitumens hardly have more effects than a harder gradation of the bitumen, others have a measurably positive effect upon the behaviour of asphaltic concrete at high temperatures without reducing the flexibility at low temperatures. The standard tests of consistency only allow a characterization of the binders, the significance of its results, however, may differ from those of conventional bitumen. Special tests like the torsional recovery test as well as toughness and tenacity test are necessary to assess the specific qualities of the polymer-modified bitumens, whereas the visco-elastic parameters facilitate a more in-depth evaluation. Statistical evidence has shown a clear relation between the visco-elastic parameters and the results of gyrator test, wheel tracking test and dynamic tensile bending test carried out under the same test conditions. The elastic potential of the binders described in the elastic modulus decreases with increasing temperature, whereas the influence on the resistance to permanent deformation of asphaltic concrete grows. Some polymer-modified bitumens show a considerably slower decrease in the elastic potential than conventional bitumen. At decreasing temperatures the influence of the viscous potential described in the loss modulus increases, because the viscous qualities allow a deformation of the asphalt and thus as well a relaxation of stress. In brief an increase


THE FILIPINO PENCHANT for intrigue, glamour, and sensationalism was fully realized in 1982. The abduction and subsequent "rescue" of handsome sportsman Tomas "Tommy" Manotoc, who after a quickie divorce in the Dominican Republic secretly married Maria Imelda "Imee" Marcos, the eldest daughter of the President, in the U.S. in December 1981, dominated coffee shop gossip in January and February, while manipulation of bar examination grades by members of the Supreme Court threw the legal community into an uproar in April and May. Between the Manotoc and Supreme Court affairs the Philippines hosted an international film festival in late January at an estimated cost of $100 million, and in late July the nation was shocked by an assassination attempt against 69-year-old Emmanuel Pelaez, former Vice-President and currently Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. And in September, Filipinos were consumed by the pomp and ceremony of President Marcos' first state visit in 16 years to the United States. But even the President's American trip was unable to overshadow completely domestic political and economic problems, including a restless opposition, local and regional elections, heightened church-military conflict, labor unrest, and a deteriorating economy.


Recycle economy consumes the minimum resources and pays the least environmental price to maximize economic performance,which involves broad area.Under the background of economic globalization after China joined the WTO,in the premise of ensuring the economic security of the nation,this paper begins with the strategy aim of resources utilization,probes into the policy adjustments of promoting recycle and reuse,and discusses the construction of the recycle industrial system.


In this manuscript, tuning rules are proposed for conventional series and parallel cascade control structures with emphasis on stable processes. Both primary and secondary controllers are assumed as proportional-integral (PI) type and are designed using the method of moments (MOM). In MOM, the controller parameters are computed by comparing the corresponding derivatives of the expected and actual closed-loop transfer functions at $s=0$. Moreover, equations relating closed-loop time constants and maximum sensitivity are also obtained. Despite of its simplicity, the proposed method yields robust and superior closed-loop performance.


Extraordinary changes in information technologies challenge organized labor to adapt without end. Technological advances are evident in the building of alliances, modernization of communications, fresh tactics in organizing, and the upgrading of staff development. Worries persist about a possible related erosion in face-to-face relations, loss of control over the medium, generational rifts, loss of confidentiality, and (unappreciated) work overload. Thanks to a growing core of digerati inside the labor movement, there is hope that the CyberUnion model will soon receive the fair trial it warrants.


A prime number p is called b-elite if only finitely many generalized Fermat numbers Fb,n = b 2 n + 1 are quadratic residues to p. So far, only the case b = 2 was subjected to theoretical and experimental researches by several authors. Most of the results obtained for this special case can be generalized for all bases b > 2. Moreover, the generalization allows an insight to more general structures in which standard elite primes are embedded. We present selected computational results from which some conjectures are derived.


In the aging society such as Japan, nutritious and fresh processed foods are required for elderly persons and small children. To provide nutritious and fresh processed foods at low cost, non-thermal food processing utilizing an underwater shockwave is one of the most promising methods. By utilizing the underwater shockwave, this method destroys the cell wall and organization of foods without heating. The non-thermal food processing system is mainly composed of a high voltage multiplier, a pressure vessel, a high voltage relay, and a big capacitor. Therefore, a high voltage multiplier is the vital component to realize an efficient non-thermal food processing system. In this talk, a design of high voltage multipliers is introduced for the non-thermal food processing utilizing underwater shockwaves. First, the problem definition of existing voltage multipliers is described. Next, the circuit configuration and operation principle of the proposed voltage multiplier are explained. Then, experimental results are shown to confirm the validity of the non-thermal food processing system using the proposed voltage multiplier. Finally, conclusion and future work are described. DOI: 10.12792/icisip2017.002 2


An experiment was performed that determines the Boltzmann constant k and the centigrade temperature of absolute zero by measuring the thermal noise of resistors. The Nyquist theorem provides a quantitative relationship between the thermal electromotive force across a conductor and its resistance and temperature. Measurement of the root-mean-square RMS voltage for a variety of resistors at a fixed temperature was used to calculate the Boltzmann constant. The RMS voltage for a 22.5 kΩ resistor was measured over 300 degree temperature range. This latter data extrapolated to zero centigrade gave an estimate of absolute zero and provided an additional method for determining the Boltzmann constant. The experimentally determined values of the Boltzmann constants, 1.37 ± 0.06 × 10 J/K & 1.363 ± 0.025 × 10 J/K, and the centigrade temperature of absolute zero, −265.5± 6.9C, are in good agreement with the accepted values.


Molybdenum is nitrided by a 100-Hz pulsed DC glow discharge technique for various time durations and fill gas pressures to study the effects on the surface properties of molybdenum. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used for the structural and morphological analysis of the nitrided layers. Vickers' microhardness tester is utilized to investigate surface microhardness. Phase analysis shows the formation of more molybdenum nitride molecules for longer nitriding durations at fill gas pressures of 2 mbar and 3 mbar (1 bar = 105 Pa). A considerable increase in surface microhardness (approximately by a factor of 2) is observed for longer duration (10 h) and 2-mbar pressure. Longer duration (10 h) and 2-mbar fill gas pressure favors the formation of homogeneous, smooth, hard layers by the incorporation of more nitrogen.


Assume that the permittivity ε and the permeability μ depend on z , i.e. ε= ε6(z) , μ = μ(z). For perpendicular polarization the electric and magnetic fields are determined by Ex , the x-component of the electric field. For this polarization let μ = Ex , μ = μ(z) and c(z) = 1 / /6(z)μ(z) . For parallel polarization the electric and magnetic fields are determined by Hx , the x-component of the magnetic field. For this polarization let μ = Hx and μ = 6(z) and c(z) = 1 / /6 (z)μ (z) Suppose that in the half-space z < 0 both the permittivity and permeability are known, but they are unknown for z > 0. In this paper it is shown how to determine 6(z) and p(z) using the trace method which itself is discussed. The following assumptions are necessary. (1) c(z), μ(z) approach cp1 as z -co and cp1 as z +co where c2'p2 are not known but it must be known that c2 > c1 . (2) certain smoothness assumptions on c(z) and p(z). Suppose a point harmonic source with angular frequency and w is located in the region z < 0 , and suppose p(r,z) is measured at some depth z < 0 for all r for both wi and w2 . Trace methods are then used to recover c(z) and μ(z) for z > 0 , under the assumption that the point source excites only the continuous spectrum. Numerical examples are presented.


We introduce basic concept,principle,character,characteristic and synthesis of self-assembly.Application on tribology and corrosion of self-assembly is illustrated.Also,we conclude the limits of self-assembly and make a prospect of the future.


We were initially motivated by the paper by Schleicher and Stoll of 2017 about the initialization of Newton's iterations. Given a black box subroutine for the evaluation of the Newton's ratio of a polynomial and its derivative, their algorithm very fast approximates all roots of a univariate polynomial except for a small fraction of them. The challenge of fast approximation of the remaining roots motivated our present work, but our recipes for this task should have independent and much broader interest for implicit deflation in polynomial root-finding. They can be also an example of synergy of the combination of various methods of polynomial root-finding towards enhancing their power, in particular towards faster convergence of functional iterations in a larger domain.


Objective To compare the application of peripheral pulse-gating and cardiac-gating in carotid atherosclerotic plaque MRI.Methods Carotid MR imaging was performed in 15 healthy volunteers at a 1.5T MR scanner. Sequences including cardiac-gated and peripheral pulse-gated FSE-DIRT1WI were carried out. Acquisition Time (TA), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), integrity of vessel wall, blood flow artifact were measured and compared. Results There were no significant differences of TA, SNR, CNR, Integrity of vessel wall and blood flow artifact between cardiac-gated and peripheral pulse-gated FSE-DIRT1WI (P0.05).Conclusion Peripheral pulse-gating can be used in carotid atherosclerotic plaque MRI instead of cardiac-gating.


Abstract We propose a method, based on logarithmic convexity, for producing sharp bounds for the ratio Γ(x+β)/Γ(x). As an application, we present an inequality that sharpens and generalizes inequalities due to Gautschi, Chu, Boyd, Lazarevic-Lupas, and Kershaw.


AbstractThis article is meant as a contribution to a larger project about the relations between religion and ethics. It sketches out some approaches to the following questions: assuming that what we call "religion" and "ethics" are in principle distinct from each other, what is the conceptual relationship between them? What are the historical pathways along which the two often seem to converge? What are the social implications of that convergence where it occurs? And when they converge, what remainder escapes the conflation of these two? As a way of opening up these questions, this article compares two recent studies from the anthropology of religion, Joel Robbins' ethnography of new evangelical Christians in Melanesia, and Charles Hirschkind's study of a Muslim piety movement in Cairo. The comparison centers on how monotheistic religious traditions tend to objectify ethics in ways that render them cognitively explicit and thus expose them to pressures toward rationalization, generalization, and abstraction. But these traditions also expect ethics to guide everyday life, in all its concrete particularity, with potentially paradoxical consequences. These paradoxes seem to be one source of the restless urgency of those revival movements that identify ethics with piety.


This report describes a study of the feasibility of producing night noise contours to depict levels of night-time annoyance around airports. The work was commissioned by the National Air Traffic Services Ltd (NATS Ltd) for the UK Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR). The report is broken down into five main elements: an examination of the causes of an annoyance response, an investigation of models for predicting night-time annoyance, a review of existing dose-response relationships used to assess effects, an examination of the applicability of existing night-time weights and their adoption in the existing procedures in the USA.
Correlations are found between annoyance reactions and noise exposure levels. There is some agreement on dose-response relationships for the day-time or 24-hour period but evidence for robust and consistent data for night-time remains unconvincing. There also appears to be a lack of evidence on the significance of the contribution of individual effects, such as sleep disturbance and communication interference, to the total annoyance response. Selection of the most appropriate metric is not simple, but should be determined by the need to measure noise dose in such a way as to help define the extent of an effect.
A four stage ideal model for predicting annoyance at different times of day is summarised. This reveals gaps in knowledge which need to be resolved before we can apply it to predicting noise annoyance contours. The work concludes that we cannot, at present, produce night contours that depict levels of night-time annoyance. In order to develop a useful and pragmatic tool on which to base regulatory controls, recommendations are made for consideration by the DETR when prioritising their next actions.


In this thesis we present the NOAO-XMM Cluster Survey (NXS). NXS has provided optical follow-up of X-ray cluster candidates serendipitously detected by the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS). We report details on the execution, data reduction and analysis of 154 wide-field MOSAIC images containing 630 XCS cluster candidates.

We present a redshift algorithm, based on the 'red-sequence technique', designed to confirm cluster identifications and extract photometric cluster redshifts from NXS data.
This algorithm exploits the homogeneity of elliptical cluster galaxies to provide simultaneous redshift and optical richness estimates. In addition, we apply this redshift algorithm to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey public data releases SDSS DR7 and SDSS Stripe 82.

The resulting catalogue of ~500 optically confirmed XCS clusters with red-sequence redshifts is presented, spanning the redshift range 0.1<z<1.0. This sample will enable a
future XCS measurement of the cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8, as well as a selfconsistent measure of the cluster X-ray luminosity to temperature scaling relation.

Furthermore, for clusters with measured X-ray temperatures or luminosities, we measure the optical richness of red-sequence galaxies within the cluster virial radius (R200).
Using these measurements, we investigate the optical halo-mass scaling relation. Understanding cluster optical scaling relations, in particular the optical-light to halo-mass
relation, is key for surveys hoping to measure cosmological parameters using optically detected clusters alone. By combining the optical NXS and SDSS data sets with X-ray
information from XCS, this thesis provides much needed optical to X-ray scaling relations for future optical cluster surveys.


In this work we introduce and examine the possibility of aiding in the oversight of mobile groups by assisting the supervisor in his or her awareness of the physical presence of members. The subject matter of this paper is to find out whether or not that is viable, and why. Our approach is thus: we have lead interviews with users representative of the target audience in order to gather information on group supervision and define requirements. Secondly we have assessed five wireless technologies for use in an actual implementation. As a third step we have engineered an actual prototype based on the information gathered thus far. Lastly, this device was evaluated both under laboratory conditions and in the field. We find high acceptance and demand among prospect users and conclude from evaluation that there are strong indications to the viability of reducing the workload of supervising mobile groups by assisting the person in charge with awareness of physical presence of members.


Oil spill countermeasure is the plan which is activated when an oil spill occurs. It generally requires some type of manual or automatic-manual activation and definitely requires a commitment of manpower and resources. Contingency plans are procedures which are activated once oil reaches navigable waters. It is often difficult to separate the actions involved in countermeasures and contingency plans. Many of the provisions presented in this paper apply to both. There are four phases to countermeasure activity. They are sequential in implementation, detection, containment, recovery and disposal. These are discussed in some detail.


The reaction of the aliphatic unsymmetrical tripod [N(CH2CH2NH2)2(CH2CH2OH)], H5-1, with cobalt(II) chloride in THF yields after aerial oxidation the dinuclear complex [(H4-1)CoIII(μ-OH)CoIII(H4-1)](CoIICl4)Cl, [5](CoCl4)Cl. The trianion 53− contains two cobalt atoms triply bridged by two alkoxo groups of the singly deprotonated ligand (H4-1)− and a hydroxo group. The new ligand [N(CH2CH2CH2NH2)(CH2CH2OH)2], H4-3, providing an N2O2 donor set reacts with cobalt(II) chloride to give after aerial oxidation the hexanuclear complex [CoIII4(H2-3)4CoII2(HOMe)2Cl2(μ-OH)4], [6]Cl2, containing an unprecedented mixed-valent CoIII4CoII2 core.


"List of Dates When Provincial Transit Duties LikinWere Established and of Names of People Concerned",which is attached to the book History of Chinese Likin by Luo Yudong,is always regarded as an authoritative reference,and it is very widely quoted in the academic circle.In accordance with relevant historical literature kept in archives,this paper revises 21 entries of the 23 listed ones and enlarges or supplements some of them,thus representing a somewhat comprehensive and adequate account of the process of popularization of likin in all the provinces in late Qing Dynasty.


Elucidating gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is crucial to understand the inner workings of the cell and the complexity of gene interactions. To date, numerous algorithms have been developed to infer or reconstruct gene regulatory networks from expression data. However, as the number of identified genes increases and the complexity of their interactions is uncovered, networks and their regulatory mechanisms become cumbersome to test. Furthermore, prodding through experimental results requires an enormous amount of computation, resulting in slow data processing. Therefore, new approaches are needed to expeditiously analyze copious amounts of experimental data resulting from cellular GRNs. To meet this need, cloud computing is promising as reported in the literature. Here we present a new algorithm for reverse engineering (inferring) gene regulatory networks on a computer cluster in a cloud environment. The algorithm, implemented in Apache Spark, employs an information-theoretic approach to infer GRNs from time-series gene expression data. Experimental results show that our Spark program is much faster than an existing tool while achieving the same prediction accuracy.


The simulation calculates the effects of lateral inhomogeneity on the full area of industrial solar cells with a resolution of up to 100 µm in less than 30 minutes on a desktop PC. A model interpreting each pixel of the spatially resolved input data as an elementary cell consists of more than 106 nodes. Our method reduces this complexity to 6 × 104 nodes by decomposing the data into small quadratic blocks of variable size depending on local homogeneity. The effects of the emitter sheet resistance and front side grid metallization on the distribution of the local diode voltage V(r) under open circuit conditions are demonstrated.


isolates of Fusarium graminearum collected from different wheat producing areas were used in the electrophoretic analysis of their esterase and acid phosphatase The result showed that three esterase bands were found as the species' specific bands. According to their changing patterns the esterase isoenzymes of the 38 isolates of F.graminearum were divided into five types. The first type was the major one with the percentage of 76.3% of the total isolates and the other types were the minor ones. The percentage of each minor type was 10.5%,2.6%,5.2% and 5.2%,respectively. The fifth type was a new pattern. Two acid phosphatase bands were ascertained as the spectific bands for F.graminearum. According to their appearance, the patterns of acid phosphatase in mycelia of 38 isolates of F.graminearum were divided into two types and the percentage of each was 36.8% and 63.2% respectively.


The preservation of the environment has become a priority and a subject that is receiving more and more attention. This is particularly important in the field of precision agriculture, where pesticide and herbicide use has become more controlled. In this study, we propose to evaluate the ability of the deep learning (DL) and convolutional neural network (CNNs) technology to detect weeds in several types of crops using a perspective and proximity images to enable localized and ultra-localized herbicide spraying in the region of Beni Mellal in Morocco. We studied the detection of weeds through six recent CNN known for their speed and precision, namely, VGGNet (16 and 19), GoogLeNet (Inception V3 and V4) and MobileNet (V1 and V2). The first experiment was performed with the CNNs architectures from scratch and the second experiment with their pre-trained versions. The results showed that Inception V4 achieved the highest precision with a rate of 99.41% and 99.51% on the mixed image sets and for its version from scratch and its pre-trained version respectively, and that MobileNet V2 was the fastest and lightest with its size of 14 MB.


In a large number of applications, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatments are guided using ultrasound imaging. The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo tumor‐mimic model for guiding HIFU ablation in the liver. Tumor‐mimics were created in in vivo porcine livers by injecting a mixture of agarose, cellulose, glycerol and methylene blue, which formed 1 cm hyperechoic discrete lesions on sonograms. In vivo experiments were then conducted in 10 pigs for 30 days. Four tumor‐mimics were created in each animal using an open approach to evaluate if they are well tolerated. Lesions were characterized sonographically, examined pathologically and using histopathologic analysis with reproducible dimensions (0.92 ± 0.25 cm3) and similar to those measured on the sample removed during surgery. The mean difference between macroscopic measurements and ultrasound measurements is 0.19 ± 0.06 cm3 for 1 cm3 injections. Target creation took a few minutes per tumor‐mimic and 80% of injections were successful....


- For any type of metal-based interconnections, intermetallic compounds (IMC) are needed to ensure the contact between different electronic chip layers. The connection between solder and direct copper bonded (DCB) is only possible through the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn in Cu-Sn soldering system in diffusion soldering process. The IMCs are brittle in nature compared to the metals like tin (Sn) or copper (Cu). Due to the thermo-mechanical loading in service of the product, these brittle IMCs shows cracks/defects and eventually lead failure. But the optimized temperature profile provides the better mechanical and thermal stability of IMCs. In standard electronics, only thin layers of IMCs are realized as good solder connections because thick growth of IMCs leads to faster crack propagation in layer and failure of electrical connection. On the other hand, for high-temperature applications (e.g. power electronics), to avoid the problems with low-melting Sn-Cu based solders, one reliable solution is to transform the solder layer (Sn) between the chip and substrate (e.g. direct copper bonded (DCB)) is to be transformed into IMCs as they have better mechanical properties as well as thermal stability. But in practice the complete transformation of solder layer into IMCs take more time. It also depends on the dimension of solder (Sn) and substrate (Cu) material. If Sn thickness is so thin, formation of IMCs take less time because the diffusion is faster. When the thickness of Sn increases, the formation of IMCs take more time. An overview of IMCs formation in tin based Sn-Cu Transient liquid phase (TLP) soldering joints have been studied in this article and discussed its importance in Power Electronic applications as a reliable interconnection technology.


Most nurses give little thought to the subject of registration and regulation. It was not surprising, therefore, that the UKCC's second International Standing Conference on the Regulation of Nursing and Midwifery went relatively unnoticed last month.


---------------------------------18 Introduction— ----------------------------18 Materials and Methods----------------------18 Results and Discussion---------------------19 Literature Cited----------------------------22 CHAPTER III Membrane monoclonal antibody-based enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for detection of serogroup 01 Vibrio cholerae-------------23


Calibration basing digital camaer is very important for computer vision.it is a foundation when we research the other aspect of computer vision.this paper research a method named dot pitch of image point basing on digitabl camaer.it is a new way for calibration of digital camera.


The New Course Criteria requires interactivity,exploration and common development.The interactive activities include the following three aspects: first,interactivity between teacher and students,which means teacher and students participate in the class equally;second,interactivity between students,which means the students should find out questions and try to solve them independently;third,interactivity between human and machines,which means multi-media should be used in the class.


The work of Helen Maria Williams (1761–1827) was widely read by her contemporaries. However, compared to other writers of the same period, her texts have received less critical attention at the present time. She has essentially been regarded as an author of Sensibility in the last three decades of feminist scholarship. Her Letters written in France (1790) record political events and commentary on the French Revolution and have placed Williams in a tradition of radical politics. This dissertation interrogates two of Williams' works that have received scant critical attention: her only novel Julia (1790) and her travelogue Tour in Switzerland (1798). I am interested in identifying the fluctuations in the representation of intense emotions, which I contend is a characteristic of Helen Maria Williams' style. For this purpose, I have focused on Williams' use of the feminine voice, especially in Julia, the description of the perception of nature, and the representation of the experience of the Sublime.


The efforts of this research were to determine the sensitivity to interfacial gaps in laser transmission welding using various laser welding parameters. Note that the melting of the transparent side of the interface relies mainly on heat conduction from the absorbing side since the laser beam energy is mainly absorbed in the non-transparent material. If a gap exists between the parts at the faying surface, the weld may not form at that location. For this study, interfacial gaps created via manufactured voids were moulded into the components to be welded. After welding, the samples were then assessed using microstructural analysis, fracture surface analysis and hydraulic burst testing. The research has shown laser transmission welding has the potential of obtaining strong welds, exceeding those of linear vibration welds of similar geometry. Surprisingly, very strong bonds were observed even with a large degree of porosity/voids in the weld.


Through the courtesy of Nlrs. H. Erlenmeyer, Basle, Switzerland, I am enabled to communicate here the text of two duplicate lists of the kings of Ur and Isin. They will be referred to hereafter as A and B, the former being in a better state of preservation than the latter. The script of B looks 'older' than that of A, although it is difficult to decide whether the tablet is actually older. I would rather consider B as a more carefully written text, that of A being more cursive. My transliterations are based upon a copy of A and a transliteration of B that were kindly put at my disposal by Mrs. Erlenmeyer. During a short trip to Basle, I had the opportunity of checking both with the originals, but lack of time prevented me from copying them. The text of A runs as follows: Obv. 1 18 mu dur-dnammu lugal 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20; the figures are destroyed partially in lines 2 and 16, and totally in lines 1 and 17. (b) Every line adds lugal. (c) Line 7 adds, but lines 1, 14, 16, 17, and 18, omit the divine determinative; so do lines 15 and 19, i.e., the determinative is written ollly once (as part of the divine element of the names). (d) Line 4 omits -na, while line 5 uses the spelling di-bt-. The spelling of lipit(line 13) and -magir (line 19) is not defective. (e) Line 21 reads: su.nigin uFr]-dnammu-tFa]? en-na da-mi-[ig-tIt-su] [m]u?-x-biP 311 + [z]. Assuming that the destroyed figures agree with the corresponding ones in A as in fact do the preserved ones the total should be restored to read 313.


Article history: Received 13 January 2017 Received in revised form 2 February 2017 Accepted 3 February 2017 Available online 21 February 2017 The effect of the riparian land use on zooplankton distribution of Kwadon stream was studied over a period of six months. A total of 61,581 zooplankton species were found belonging to the different taxa of Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera and Pieces. Baikaloperia sp. was ranked as the most abundant species in the four identified taxa. Three sampling stations were chosen for this study, and site A yields the highest species diversity of 31,197 than sites B (23,768) and C (9,594). The physicochemical parameters determined are temperature; turbidity, pH, dissolve oxygen, nitrate, phosphorus, conductivity and alkalinity. The variation of these parameters was found to affect the zooplankton distribution. Kwadon stream constitutes an important water body that provides sources of water for domestic and irrigational usage to the local community; as such the significance of this study is regarding the investigation of most tolerant zooplankton species which can contribute to the effort in finding an efficient zooplankton species for indicating the pollution level of a particular water body.


The electrochemical reduction behavior of mefloquine HCl (MEF), the antimalarial drug, was studied in aqueous alcoholic media at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed one well-defined reduction peak and one ill-defined reduction wave between pH 1.5 and 12.03. The reduction was found as irreversible or quasireversible depending on pH and exhibited diffusion controlled process. The mechanism of reduction process was discussed. A systematic study of the experimental parameters that affect the differential pulse and square wave response was carried out and the optimized experimental conditions were obtained. The calibration plots were derived for the determination of MEF in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. DPV and SWV techniques for the determination of MEF in Britton–Robinson buffer at pH 11.10, which allows quantitation over the 6×10−6 to 8×10−5 M range in the supporting electrolyte, were proposed. The linear response was obtained in samples in the ranges of 6×10−6 to 6×10−5 M for both techniques. These methods are fully validated. The standard addition method was used in the biological media. No electroactive interferences from the excipients and endogenous substances were found in tablets and biological fluids.


The excessive concentration of the innovation literature on product innovation, its drivers and its effects, has almost neglected an important strategy which develops and sustains a firm's competitive advantage: the process innovation activities. Specifically, the paper unfolds the black-box of the process innovation strategy using the process innovation strategy as a mediator to explain a firm?s performance and not just as a mere dependent variable for predicting process innovators. In addition, the paper connects theoretically the process innovation with the management innovation mode to understand their relationship. Using CIS data for Spain, the main contributions found are: (1) most of the process innovation performance is explained without R&D variables; (2) it is observed a strong dependence on external sources of knowledge to explain the process innovation performance, mainly through the acquisition of embodied knowledge; (3) it is observed an important "implementation" effect or "learning by trying" effect on a firm?s performance due to the fact that the acquisition of embodied knowledge requires a synchronous adoption of the management innovation mode which reprocesses the organization in order to couple the new technology sourced; (4) the acquisition of embodied knowledge is also positively moderated, and thus the process performance is amplified, when the use of external sources of knowledge is also congruent with the introduction of the new technology sourced; (5) the product innovation strategy is not related to the process innovation performance, i.e. there is an absence of complementarities. The paper presents important implications for scholars and policymakers


Necropsy There was erosion of both frontal bones and sphenoid with firm, haemorrhagic tumour which was well encapsulated. The tumour infiltrated both orbits and into the left maxillary antrum (Fig. 2). There was fibrosis of the pituitary and atrophy of the optic chiasma and nerves. No myeloma deposits were seen elsewhere in the skeleton. Histological examination showed the tumour to be a typical myeloma. Examination of the bone marrow did not reveal any increase in the number of plasma cells.


The Promise and Limits of Private Power opens with the vignette of an electronics worker in Suzhou, China seeking compensation for chemical poisoning he suffered at work. His appeal was not to the factory owner who employed him or to the relevant Chinese government agency responsible for supervising his working conditions, but to the global brand whose goods he was working on: 'We hope Apple will heed to its corporate social responsibility' (Locke 2013, 1). It is this broader trend — the reliance on (and acceptance of, by some companies) the responsibilities of multinational companies to ensure humane working conditions for all those involved in the global production of their goods — that is the focus of Locke's compelling new book.


To the Editor.— I read with interest the article entitled "Subcutaneous Island Pedicle Flaps" by Tomich et al 1 in the April issue of theArchives. I am pleased to see the recent increase in the number of articles dealing with dermatologic surgery in theArchives. It is disturbing, however, to note the propagation in the dermatologic literature of a misconception that began with a very similar article by Dzubow. 2 Specifically, one method of classification of skin flaps is based on their blood supply. Under this classification, two separate categories of flaps exist. The first, cutaneous flaps, receive their blood supply from segmental, anastomotic, or axial arteries lying deep to the underlying musculature and sending perforating arteries to the interconnecting dermal subdermal plexus of the skin. The second type, arterial flaps, receive their blood supply through a direct cutaneous artery. The second group may be subclassified as peninsular, or


Grassland ecosystems can be found on every continent, except Antarctica thanks to their high tolerance and adaptability. Moreover the grassland based animal husbandry is an ancient and easy way for food production even in regions where other agricultural sectors can not be effective. On the other hand these ecosystems are not only valuable because of their role in food production. Grasslands take their share in carbon sequestration, erosion controlling and the conservation of biodiversity and that is why the European Union made strict rules about grassland management. In our experiment we tested two different types of compost - what are officially allowed in organic farming - on natural grassland in Hungary. Three rates of compost (10 t/ha, 20 t/ha, 30 t/ha) were tested on 3m X 10m experimental plots in four replication. Both type had four control plots too, this way we had 32 experimental plots. We measured the botanical composition in May and September, what was followed by harvesting and the measurement of the yield. Samples for laboratory analysis were also taken. Dry matter yield of the pasture showed positive responses to the rates of compost but the protein yield per unit area only grows until a certain point and then it drops down. Our results indicate that the application of these composts is a sustainable method of increasing the productivity of natural grasslands.


The creation of arti fi cial enzymes is a key objective of computational protein design. Although de novo enzymes have been successfully designed, these exhibit low catalytic ef fi ciencies, requiring directed evolution to improve activity. Here, we use room-temperature X-ray crystallography to study changes in the conformational ensemble during evolution of the designed Kemp eliminase HG3 ( k cat / K M 146 M − 1 s − 1 ). We observe that catalytic residues are increasingly rigidi fi ed, the active site becomes better pre-organized, and its entrance is widened. Based on these observations, we engineer HG4, an ef fi cient biocatalyst ( k cat / K M 103,000 M − 1 s − 1 ) containing key fi rst and second-shell mutations found during evolution. HG4 structures reveal that its active site is pre-organized and rigidi fi ed for ef fi cient catalysis. Our results show how directed evolution circumvents challenges inherent to enzyme design by shifting conformational ensembles to favor catalytically-productive sub-states, and suggest improvements to the design methodology that incorporate ensemble modeling of crystallographic data.


In this paper I conjecture that there exist an infinity of positive integers m of the form 6*k + 1 such that the numbers formed by concatenation n = m081 are primes or squares of primes, respectively semiprimes p*q such that q – p + 1 is prime or power of prime.


High brightness AlGaInP thin-film resonant cavity LEDs with an emission wavelength around 650 nm are presented. The combination of a thin-film waveguide structure and a resonant cavity with an omnidirectional reflector (ODR) leads to significantly higher efficiencies compared to standard resonant cavity LED (RCLED) structures. Preliminary devices based on this configuration show external quantum efficiencies of 23% and 18% with and without encapsulation, respectively, despite a non-ideal detuning. These devices exhibit a narrow far-field pattern and are therefore adapted for applications requiring high brightness emitters such as for example plastic optical fiber communications. By opting for a negative detuning, i.e. a cavity resonance that is red-shifted compared to the intrinsic emission spectrum, even higher efficiencies should be achievable.


This article presents ideas and suggestions on how to organizeonline physical education classes along with other subjects, given the currentdifficult epidemiological situation. It was noted that the organization of onlinephysical education lessons is of great importance in the current situation.Organization of online physical education lessons is of great importance in thecurrent situation


Two types of scanning optical microscopes are described, the real‐time scanning optical microscope and the Mirau correlation microscope. These microscopes give excellent depth definition of the order of 0.4 μm between half‐power points, and can be used for optical cross sectioning. They are particularly useful for separate measurements of the top and bottom widths of trenches in photoresist at the low submicron level.


Abstract The number of electrodes used to acquire neonatal EEG signals varies between institutions. Therefore, tools for automatic EEG analysis, such as neonatal seizure detection algorithms, need to be able to handle different electrode montages in order to find widespread use. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of montage on neonatal seizure detector performance. A full 18-channel montage was compared to reduced 3- and 8-channel montages using a convolutional neural network for seizure detection. Sensitivity decreased by 10 - 18 % for the reduced montages while specificity was mostly unaffected. Electrode artefacts and artefacts associated with biological rhythms caused incorrect classification of nonseizure activity in some cases, but these artefacts were filtered out in the 3-channel montage. Other types of artefacts had little effect. Reduced montages result in some reduction in classifier accuracy, but the performance may still be acceptable. Recording artefacts had a limited effect on detection accuracy.


The loudness of complex sounds was studied as a function of the number of components. Complexes of two, three, four, and eight tones, and a band of white noise were matched in loudness to a 1500‐cy tone. The over‐all spacing, ΔF, between the lowest and highest components of these stimuli was held constant at either 175, 1600, or 3400 cps. All the complexes were centered around 1500 cps when ΔF was either 175 or 1600 cps. At each of the four levels tested (25, 50, 75, and 90 db SPL), loudness remained essentially unchanged when only the number of components within a complex was varied. This invariance of loudness occurs even though inhibition may be greater within the complexes that contain a larger number of components. It is suggested that the increased inhibition may be offset by greater loudness summation when the energy is more evenly distributed within the complexes.


Abstract Fibrous polymer materials formed by LDPE melt spraying with a gas flow during extrusion were exposed to thermally stimulated depolarization. The analysis of thermally stimulated current spectra and the sample charge state has shown that the fibers possess the spontaneous polarizing charge. IR-spectroscopy has proved the material production to be accompanied by vinylene, vinyl, transvinylene and other nonsaturated groups formation. The latters are, probably, behaving as neutral trapping centers during their interaction with charge carriers formed at melt dispersion by the compressed gas flow and its contact with metal parts of equipment. The kinetics of these processes can be monitored by regulating technological regimes of fibrous material formation. Intensified action on the polymer melt might rise the spontaneous polarizing charge whose density can reach 10−10 to 10−12 C/cm2. Charge of the materials under study is rather stable. It does not fall below 40% upon a 160-days storage in humid atmosphere. It appears thus that the technique of fibrous material production by polymer melt spraying is an electret method.


SUMMARYMacroscopic and microscopic characteristics are unreliable for classification within the Pleurotus ostreatus species complex. So are also negative interstrain matings. Considering strain int...


In 1830 the editor of a religious newspaper in New York de clared with a rhetorical flourish that the Press was "the might iest engine ever put in motion the proudest of all human in ventions." lie was confident that it was an agent which would "never be succeeded by another equal power." Instead, it would "survive all the boasted pressures of steam, and the contrivances of men taken collectively. But best of all the finishing touch" had now been put upon "this singular machinery." The "Union of the Pulpit with the Press" had been consummated.1 A fellow religious editor in Philadelphia revealed just what the achievement of this "Union" meant to most church leaders when he concluded a prideful review of the contemporary healthy state of the American religious press with the gasconade: "It is not wonderful that immoral persons who desire to continue such, and yet enjoy public confidence and influence: and that all the avowed enemies of Zion in these U[nited] S[tates] should begin to dread the power of the religious press."2 It appeared to many, about 1830, that "by lay[ing] her hand upon the PRESS as well as upon the PULPIT" American Christianity had found "the lever of Archi medes... that which the heathen philosopher could not discover, the pou sto, from which she can move the world."3 The churches believed that they had come upon the "power" that would assure their control of American culture. The generating of this power had taken a century and its consummation had been achieved under great difficulty.