The complexity of the sea background and its inestimable characteristics poses a great challenge to continuous sea target tracking. In addition, the sea targets are affected by sea waves so that they are easily blocked. The KCF algorithm is used to track the sea target. However, the KCF algorithm is not sensitive to target occlusion and target scale changes. In view of the shortcomings of the KCF algorithm, optimization of the KCF algorithm was proposed. A judgment mechanism is added to the KCF algorithm to set the confidence value. The confidence value is calculated to determine whether the target candidate sample is available. The confidence value is calculated to judge whether the target candidate sample is available or not. If it is available, the tracking will continue. Otherwise, the reference sample will be used instead of the candidate sample to continue tracking. Through this mechanism to improve the defect of KCF algorithm insensitive to target occlusion. So as to achieve the goal of stable tracking of sea targets.


During the early 1990s, it was my task, as marketing director, to develop a strategy to help several of our newly opened offices and established offices introduce their new services to the community. The ultimate goal, of course, was to gain market share in our target client groups. The quickest way I felt this could be done was to somehow create an awareness of our expertise with our target clients while simultaneously developing high-value leads and personal contacts.


Migrations of juvenile Atlantic salmon between habitats (both fluvial and lacustrine) were studied in a Newfoundland river system from May through September. Salmon parr showed poor site fidelity in fluvial habitats, and high rates of migration, especially in spring-early summer. Most habitat shifts were upstream from fluvial habitats to a lake at the head of a small tributary. In September, 10% of the salmon parr caught in the lake (n=275) had been marked in the main stem of the river or in the tributary stream (total n=641). The abundance of parr in the lake increased in May-June, then declined gradually to September. Most of the lacustrine immigrants were 1+ parr. Mature males were found amongst the autumnal emigrants. Salmon parr in the lake grew larger than those in the river, and lacustrine smolts captured in the lake were larger than those caught at the mouth of the river.


Abstract Some authors include in their articles polar plots showing the directional dependence of either transmission or contrast ratio of a liquid crystal display (LCD). In some cases those plots have a symmetry axis; here we explain when and why it occurs.


Models of technical systems are an essential means in design and product-development processes. A large share of technical systems, or at least subsystems, are directly or indirectly connected with the generation or transformation of energies. In design science, elaborated modelling approaches were developed for different levels of product concretization, for instance, requirement models and function models, which support innovation and new product-development processes, as well as for energy-generating or -transforming systems. However, on one product-concretization level, the abstract level that describes the physical behavior, research is less mature, and an overview of the approaches, their respective advantages, and the connection possibilities between them and other modelling forms is difficult to achieve. This paper proposes a novel discussion structure based on modelling perspectives and digital-engineering frameworks. In this structure, current approaches are described and illustrated on the basis of an example of a technical system, a wind turbine. The approaches were compared, and their specific advantages were elaborated. It is a central conclusion that all perspectives could contribute to holistic product modelling. Consequently, combination and integration possibilities were discussed as well. Another contribution is the derivation of future research directions in this field; these were derived both from the identification of "white spots" and the most promising modelling approaches.


This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2022 ACC/AHA/HFSA guidelines for management of heart failure in adults with a diagnosis of or at risk for heart failure.


The invention relates to a truck-frame side beam and crossbeam connecting joint totally-butted structure which is characterized in that the totally-butted connection of a side beam and a crossbeam is realized through a connecting seat, a plate-plate butt-joint structure is formed by a side beam connecting end and a side beam inner vertical plate, and a pipe-pipe butt-joint structure is formed by a crossbeam connecting end and the crossbeam. A assembly-welding process method comprises the assembly welding of the connecting seat and a crossbeam pipe, the assembly welding of crossbeam composition, the assembly welding of the connecting seat and the side beam inner vertical plate as well as a guide pole, the assembly welding of a side beam reinforcing baffle plate and an upper cover plate and the assembly welding of a whole frame. The invention realizes the totally-butted connection of the side beam and the crossbeam of the frame through a new connecting joint of the side beam and the crossbeam, breaks through a traditional process of forming the frame after both the side beam and the crossbeam become finished products, and has the advantage superior to the angle connecting structure or the angle-connecting and butting combined structure of a traditional structure and greatly superior to an overlapping structure. A welding joint has the minimum stress concentration, the minimum welding filling quantity and the minimum welding residual stress and deformation; the structural shape is continuous and attractive; and the bearing capacity and the anti-fatigue capacity are strong.


This paper argues that laissez faire capitalism is the last best hope for mankind. That if the human race is to survive and prosper, put an end to starvation, hopelessness and unemployment, then we must embrace private property rights, the rule of law and free enterprise. No longer should "profits" be a dirty word.


The Ufa Order of Lenin Oil Refinery is one of the USSR's largest facilities for production of catalysts for oil refining and petrochemistry, as well as for the food industry. Nine types of catalysts are produced for cracking, selective hydrogenation and oligomerization. A plant for production of NaY zeolite catalysts by the ash method has been remodeled. The production of nickel catalysts on kieselgur is growing rapidly. The facility for producing copper-chromium type MKhB catalyst is to be remodeled during the 11th Five-Year Plan. Production of cracking catalysts will be basically redesigned, increasing the capacity by 50% and significantly improving the operating characteristics of microspherical catalysts.


Multilayered systems containing 3 or 5 layers of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(N‐methylpyrrole) have been prepared using a layer‐by‐layer electrodeposition technique. These multilayered systems have been found to present very high electroactivities suggesting that their performance as anti‐corrosive additive of conventional organic coatings (paints) could be even better than that of single‐component conducting polymers. The performance of the prepared multilayered systems as anti‐corrosive additives of epoxy paints has been checked. For this purpose, accelerated corrosion tests were performed using an aggressive solution medium. Analysis of the corroded area indicates that the addition of a low concentration (0.2% w/w) of these multilayered systems to the paint formulation enhances significantly the corrosion protection imparted by the coating.


The development of highways and expressways are a part of India's goal, as a developing country, to achieve infrastructure development. For construction of high performance pavement, modern equipment and technologies are needed. Since the last decade, India also has adopted these techniques for the construction of concrete pavement in highways, e.g., Delhi-Mathura road, Mumbai-Pune expressway, and Indore bypass, etc. Concrete pavements have a relatively long service life (30-40 year), provided these are properly designed, constructed and maintained. With mega projects like the National Highway Development Project (NHDP) and Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), the pace of concrete pavement construction has increased recently. This is because concrete pavement is known to perform better with minimum maintenance. For better performance, many precautions should be taken during the construction of concrete pavement. If it is not done properly then the problem of uncontrolled cracking of concrete slab arises. In most of the panels various types of distresses are observed at Indore byepass. A distress survey was carried out over the entire bypass to assess type and extent of distresses. Distresses observed at Indore byepass are longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, corner cracks, spalling at cracks/joints, shoulder drop-off and shrinkage cracks. It is also observed that some of the cracks are extended up to partial and full depth of the pavement. This paper includes the study of various types of cracks which occurred at Indore byepass in order to determine their cause and to suggest remedial measures and techniques for crack repair.


Genetic Algorithm is governed by its system parameters which are usually set in a heuristic manner at present. These parameters; the reproduction rate, the crossover rate, the mutation rate, and the population size are set to appropriate values depending on the characteristics of the target problem. This paper studies the behavior of Meta-GA system which searches to the best parameter values for problem oriented 2nd-GA. Here the "number of generation cycle" is utilized to evaluate the performance of the 2nd-GA.


Silver(I) complexes of the two closely related linear bis-bidentate pyridazine-based Schiff-base ligands 5 and 6 exhibit very different solid state molecular architectures, easily deformed grid vs. side-by-side, due to steric and electronic factors.


The structural and leakage integrity of steam generator tube should be maintained during operation even though a crack is existed on it. During the past three decades, several limit load solutions have been proposed to resolve the integrity issue. However, for exact load carrying capacity estimation of specific components under different conditions, these solutions have to be modified by using lots of experimental data. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new burst pressure estimation scheme based on fracture mechanics analyses for steam generator tube with an axial or circumferential through-wall crack. To do this, closed-form engineering equations were derived to get relevant parameters from three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analyses combined with reference stress method. Also, a series of structural integrity analyses were carried out using the calculated J-integral from engineering equations and fracture toughness data. Thereby, in comparison with the experimental data as well as corresponding estimation results from limit load solutions, it was proven that the proposed estimation scheme can be used as an efficient tool for integrity evaluation of cracked steam generator tubes


This paper provides an institutional analysis of the use of gender as an organizing principle for labor migration flows. Through a case study of the marketing and recruitment strategies of Philippine government and private institutions, I examine how gendered representations contribute to divergent patterns of male and female labor migrants from the Philippines. Representations, or controlling images, are used by institutions to provide explanations or justification of a policy. Findings indicate that the global marketing of workers is organized around specific gendered assumptions of male versus female occupations. Recruitment strategies are also influenced by gendered representations of occupations, locations, and workers. The use of gender by government and private institutions as an organizing device provides a gendered context in which migrants and their households must subsequently operate.


Production data for most new and expanding tropical fruits is rarely available. Available evidence from individual countries suggests that Dragon Fruit (Selenicereus spp.) is expanding. Significant production is occurring and expanding in many countries including: Vietnam, China, Mexico, Colombia, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and the United States. Species from two former genera (Hylocereus, Selenicereus) are being grown with Hylocereus being regarded as having three-ribbed shoots and four or more ribbed species being in Selenicereus. Recent molecular studies have shown that Hylocereus falls under Selenicereus and implies a single common ancestor to the species in these former two genera. This reclassification removes some of the previous confusion about the overlapping characteristics of the many named species in this genus. This reclassification implies that fewer species and wider crosses are possible. The current limited selections used commercially have major consumer long-term appeal issues if the crop is to be moved more widely into global markets and beyond speciality stores and local markets. The expanded market possibilities have been spurred in part by the acceptance of a fruit irradiation protocol by the United States in 2012 to meet fruit fly disinfestation requirements. Consumers are intrigued by the exotic nature of dragon fruit with their bright red skin and greenish scales, and white or sometimes red flesh, however, a common feedback from consumers is that though it has a delicate flavor and has antioxidants benefit, the taste is sometimes bland and not sweet. This limitation has led to importation of sweeter yellow dragon fruit from Ecuador and Colombia into North America and Europe. Another limitation to the expansion of markets is the need to have fruits that are consistent in terms of quality and in quantities to meet the market demand. Consistency in quality bring to the forefront the need to improve aspects of harvest maturity, handling and packing that minimizes mechanical injury and ensures a safe and optimum storage and shipping environment.


Reduced renal blood flow (RBF) is considered central to the pathogenesis of septic acute renal failure (ARF). However, no controlled experimental studies have continuously assessed RBF during the development of severe septic ARF. We conducted a sequential animal study in seven female Merino sheep. Flow probes were implanted around the pulmonary and left renal arteries. Two weeks later, systemic


This paper presents the results of a small scale experimental program undertaken to investigate critical and subcritical flow correlations between steam quality and pressure. Subcritical flow tests indicate only a general trend exists between steam quality pressure drop through a venturi. However, for the critical flow of a steam-water mixture in the pressure range of 26 to 69 psia, results indicate a suitable correlation exists between steam quality and upstream pressure. Unlike existing methods for measuring quality, this method is independent of mass flow rate, is insensitive to flow splitting and avoids problems associated with sampling.


We write concerning imperfections in the description of vestibular aspects of gentamicin ototoxicity in the article by Hayward et al. on single-dose gentamicin toxicity [1]. The authors failed to notice our recent article on 103 patients with gentamicin vestibulotoxicity [2], 6 of whom had just a single dose. Moreover, their summary "there were no cases of ototoxicity reported in patients receiving gentamicin." is dangerously misleading. We can only surmise they mean no cases of cochleotoxicity—which is correct. As we point out in our article, in humans, gentamicin is selectively vestibulotoxic. A recent clinical example: a previously healthy 72-year-old man presented to us last week about loss of balance. He said he could still get about but no longer felt safe walking downstairs—he had several falls and has had to give up almost all his pastimes, beach-fishing, golf, dancing etc requiring balance. He said his vision jiggles when he walks so that he can't read signs in the street unless he stops. His hearing is unchanged. This unfortunate state of affairs followed an uneventful knee replacement 2 years ago during which the thoughtful anaesthetist gave him a prophylactic dose of 240 mg IV gentamicin. It worked—the prosthesis did not become infected. Video head impulse testing now shows severe bilateral loss of semicircular function affecting the lateral more than the vertical canals. Audiogram shows an age-related hearing loss unchanged from 3 years ago. In about half of our patients, gentamicin was given for an indication for which other safer antibiotics would have been appropriate. Four of the cases were litigated, only one came to trial but was settled before verdict for a 7-figure sum (in Australian dollars). We have not come across any case of gentamicin vestibulotoxicity where the prescriber made the diagnosis. Those using gentamicin still fail to understand that systemic gentamicin in therapeutic doses is exclusively vestibulotoxic in humans—and can be after a single dose. These patients do not lose hearing but their balance. If they are bedbound when they receive gentamicin, they will not know about vestibulotoxicity until they try to walk. While gentamicin vestibulotoxicity is rare, it is unpredictable and devastating, especially in the elderly. As with most drugs the risk must match the benefit—the punishment must fit the crime. If the patient might have gram-negative septicemia, then he should have gentamicin. If the patient is having an elective joint replacement or cystoscopy, he should not. To restore balance, we restate the conclusion of our previous paper: "Gentamicin ototoxicity is vestibular, not cochlear, producing permanent loss of balance, but not of hearing. Gentamicin can be vestibulotoxic in any dose, in any regimen, at any serum level."


The catalytic effect of red mud on biodissolution of pyrite was studied with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in this study. Dissolution and results showed that red mud could significantly promote pyrite biodissolution. The bacterial group with 4g/L red mud had best dissolution effect. The iron extraction rate in the group was 47.9% higher than the control group. Red mud in sterile group could inhibit pyrite dissolution. The iron extraction rate in the group with 8.0g/L red mud was 75.4% lower than the control group. The biodissolution results indicated that red mud could accelerate pyrite dissolution by promoting electron transfer in biodissolution system and enhancing the growth of A. ferrooxidans.


Abstract: This research was conducted at one of the high schools in Palembang. The admission of new students that are carried out still uses on-site registration so that prospective students must go to school to register. The purpose of implementing object oriented in new student admissions applications is to make the application lighter when using it because the objects are divided into classes. Using the application of oop in application development is useful to make it easier to make applications. The built application can be used for dynamic and flexible new student registration media that can register anywhere and anytime. The concept model used in the application is MVC (Model, View, Controller) which makes it easy for the application to handle errors and bugs due to the structure of the program code used. With the implementation of the oop concept in the program, it is hoped that it can help application development and make it easier to detect errors.


A reflection on co-teaching on Te Tiriti o Waitangi, a course for beginning teachers ECE. This includes a summary of teaching strategies (including caucusing)for this topic.


This study was carried out in Odeda local government area intends to provide information on the burning characteristics of wood species used in the production of charcoal. The study provides information and data to aid the decision made at different levels in regulating charcoal production activities in order to sustain its production. Five wood species from which charcoal is produced were sampled namely Phyllantus discoideus(Maruwe),Pterocarpus erinaceus(Apepe), Butyrospermum paradoxum(Emi),Afzelia africana(Apa) and Anogeissus leiocarpus(Ayin). This study reveals that Afzelia africana has a good quality in terms of high heating mean value of 631.00kcal/g and also the highest percentage ash content of 20.25%, this indicates that Afzelia Africana is the best suitable species used for the production of charcoal. The study also reveals that Butyrospermum paradoxum has the lowest heating value and lowest moisture content therefore not suitable for local commercial charcoal production


On the base of conducted research in applying «asana» and respiratory exercises from Hatha-yoga philosophy at physical training classes the improving of work efficiency level, functional and physical training of female students of 17 18 years old have been determined.


This paper aims to implement an intelligent architectural system to analyze and access the sensor data using Big Data analytics. As cloud resources enable the Wireless Sensor Networks to store and analyze their vast amount of data, Sensor Cloud is designed using Service Oriented Sensor Architecture. Sensor Cloud acts as an enabler for big sensor Data analytics. In the current application these three become the compelling combination. It is proposed to use the Hadoop Distributed File Systems (HDFS) concept to store the streaming sensor data on to sensor cloud for further analysis using MapReduce technique. This paper describes a public sensor cloud delivery model through cloud data analytics for sensor services. The proposed architecture acts as a Cloud Access Execution and Monitoring environment for sensor systems and is able to respond to the requested sensor client applications with greater intelligence.


Background The hip involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been recognized as a common and disabling problem. Many radiological pattern of hip arthritis were recognized and seems to have different clinical profile. Objectives to compare the destructive hip arthritis to other radiological pattern in patients with AS. Methods One hundred patients with AS, diagnosed according to the modified New York criteria for AS, and with hip involvement were recruited. Clinical, biological and radiological examinations for AS and for the hip involvement were performed and disease-specific instruments (BASFI, BASDAI, BASG-s, BASMI, BASRI, mSASSS) were assessed. Chi2 test was used to compare qualitative variables and ANOVA for quantitative variables. Results Eighty-one males and 19 females with AS were included in this study. Their mean age was 36.3 years ± 12.3. The mean disease duration was 12.3 years ± 0.9. Sixty-two patients were HLA-B27 positive. The hip involvement was bilateral in 76 cases (176 hips), inaugural in 46 cases and for the others, the mean disease duration at hip arthritis onset was 5.6 years. The destructive hip arthritis was found in 65% of cases and was associated among hip arthritis parameters to Lequesne index, reduced maximum distance walked, lameness, limitations in hip rotation and total hip replacement requirement. Among AS parameters destructive arthritis was associated to high score of BASRI, high level of ESR and presence of B27 antigen. Conclusions The destructive hip arthritis seems to be the most frequent radiological pattern and associated to the presence of HLA B27 antigen and to a worse prognosis. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


This chapter describes the use of hierarchical Bayesian analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation to obtain the parameters of a peaks-over-threshold (POT) extreme value theory model of extreme operational losses. Principal MCMC techniques are described and a simple example which illustrates the concepts, including economic capital allocation, is discussed.

Keywords:

Bayesian hierarchical analysis;
Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation;
extreme value theory;
peaks-over-threshold model;
extreme operational risk;
economic capital


At present, with the continuous changes in the market situation and the continuous improvement of the supply chain network structure, the competition in all walks of life has become more and more intense, which has risen from simple enterprise competition to competition in the entire supply chain. In the construction industry, the structure of the construction supply chain is more complex and diverse, and it is more necessary to select high-quality suppliers for sincere cooperation. This requires construction companies to establish a complete supply chain management system, select high-quality suppliers to achieve win-win cooperation and improve their competitiveness. Therefore, construction enterprises need to comprehensively consider various factors, build a reasonable and feasible evaluation index system according to their own demand for materials, and use appropriate evaluation methods to select material suppliers with specific advantages, so as to ensure the entire construction supply chain of the project. of smooth operation. In this paper, we introduced some calculating laws on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs), Hamacher sum and Hamacher product and further propose the induced interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher ordered weighted average (I-IVIFHOWA) operator. Meanwhile, we also study some ideal properties of built operator. Then, we apply the I-IVIFHOWA operator to deal with the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems under IVIFSs. Finally, an example for selecting the building material suppliers is used to test this new approach.


Accurate short-term traffic flow prediction has become a critical problem in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In the paper, a kind of adaptive prediction method for short-term traffic flow based on ANFIS (adaptive-network-based fuzzy interference system) model was presented. ANFIS is a fuzzy interference tool implemented in the framework of adaptive network. It combines the comprehensibility of fuzzy rules and the adaptability and self-learning algorithms of neural networks. The traffic flow prediction model with 104 changeable parameters will be established through the training process, the goal of which is reduce the prediction errors between real predicting output the ANFIS model and the desired output. The result of simulation research demonstrates that this method has the advantage of high precision and good adaptability. This scheme is novel and advanced in the domain of the road traffic flow prediction. The application of the scheme will remarkably improve the response efficiency and precision degree of the road traffic inducement and control system in our country.


In this study, scientific thought is explored in the poetry of Mahakavi Bharati. The researcher has explored the thoughts expressed in the poem of Mahakavi Bharathi. In particular, Mahakavi Bharathi's poetry reflects scientific thought on technology, agriculture, communication, and education. This article is based on library research and quality research. The purpose of this review is to identify and categorize the poems that emerge in Bharati's poetry and to describe it. Selected Bharathiyar poems have been studied. Bharathiyar Poetry Collection Book (20) has been used for this study. This study helps us to understand how Bharati viewed the subjects of technology agriculture communication and education through his poetry at that point of time. Information obtained from this research can be used by students, researchers and poets in many ways.


We address the issue of electromagnetic interference between power line communication (PLC) and non-PLC services by using full-duplex spectrum sensing for cognitive PLC. Contemporary broadband PLC (BB-PLC) standards allow PLC devices to dynamically use idle spectra that are allotted to non-PLC services, like broadcast radio. Traditional spectrum sensing techniques operate in a half-duplex manner, and thus provide sub-optimal sensing efficiency. In this paper, we propose the use of in-band full-duplex (IBFD) operation to allow simultaneous data transmission and spectrum sensing, and eliminate all sensing-only and other wait times involved in conventional spectrum sensing operations. We first show that using the state-of-the-art IBFD solution yields inaccurate spectrum sensing performance due to non-negligible residual self-interference. We therefore propose multiple solutions to address this problem. We show through simulation results that our proposed solutions provide sufficient self-interference cancellation to achieve nearly the same spectrum sensing accuracy as that obtained in a half-duplex operation.


continuous support and use of their laboratory equipment the devices discussed in this dissertation would not have been characterized. support and training on clean room equipment including the oxide furnaces, III-V lithography bay, the CHA e-beam evaporator, and the Atomic Force Microscope. I would like to especially thank Jeannie Toll and Joyce Kokes for the help with administrative needs and equipment purchases. thank you for the comments, edits, and discussions leading me to this point. For the members of the High Power Microwave Division who have supported me as deputy branch chief and branch chief while I have been working on this dissertation, HERE HERE! Abstract Magnetic field enhancement of Coulomb blockade conductance oscillations in metal oxide double barrier tunnel devices fabricated using atomic force microscope nanolithography is reported for the first time. Anodic oxidation by this method was accomplished on lithographically patterned Ti and Ni device layers. This is the first time Ni has been reported to be oxidized via scanning probe lithography. Magnetoresistance measurements were taken on selected devices in a Hall effect cryogenic system where tunneling conductance behavior was observed at 1.8, 10, 25, and 50 K in the Ti devices and 150 K in the Ni devices. Coulomb blockade conductance features were observed at vii 1.8, 10 and 50 K in the Ti devices and 10 and 25 K in the Ni devices. Applying a 9T magnetic field enhanced the conductance oscillations and clarified the Coulomb staircase apparent in the I-V curves for both devices. From theoretical fits of the experimental conductance behavior for the Ti devices, this is attributed to a suppression of cotunneling currents in the device. Additionally, in multiple Ti devices, a zero-bias anomaly peak was observed at ~ 2 K and is attributed to contaminant particles in the metal oxide barrier creating a localized magnetic moment in the junction leading to spin-flip and s-d exchange scattering assisted tunneling according to the Anderson-Appelbaum model. This is the first time these zero-bias anomalies have been observed and reported in planar tunnel junctions. Fig. 2. Diagram of inelastic cotunneling. One electron tunnels from the left electrode, an electron from below the fermi level in the island creates a hole and tunnels to the right electrode, thus creating an electron-hole excitation.. Fig. 3. Diagram of Appelbaum-Anderson Theory after Shen and Rowell [31]. Three conductance contributions to tunneling with localized d state near barrier: (1) No interaction …


The invention relates to a self-rotating clamping device used for rapidly changing an anvil for a forging press, which relates to an auxiliary tool of the forging press. The invention solves the problems of complicated structure, unbalanced stress of a clamping shaft and low anvil changing speed in the prior art. The invention is characterized in that the top end of the clamping shaft 1 is provided with a convex shoulder 1-2, and the middle part thereof is provided with a tooth 1-3 meshed with a moving sleeve 3; the upper end of the moving sleeve 3 is a plane 3-2, and the lower end thereof isa tooth 3-1; the moving sleeve 3 is sleeved above the tooth 1-3 of the clamping shaft 1; a compression spring 2 is arranged between the upper plane 3-2 of the moving sleeve 3 and the convex shoulder 1-2 of the top end of the clamping shaft 1; the surface of the moving sleeve 3 is symmetrically provided with four moving sleeve sliding slots 3-3; the surface of the tooth 1-3 of the clamping shaft is provided with four clamping shaft sliding slots 1-3-1 which correspond to the moving sleeve sliding slots 3-3; and four glidingly matched guiding edges 4 are respectively arranged in the moving sleeve sliding slots 3-3 and the clamping shaft sliding slots 1-3-1.


The significance of deaths among psychiatric inpatients has been reviewed in brief and a glimpse of the future suggested by a study of the characteristics of 100 patients dying in a general hospital psychiatric unit. Though suicide was a common cause of death among the few young patients dying, it did not occur among the elderly, who usually died of natural causes. Dementia and depression were more frequent diagnoses than schizophrenia and "other diagnoses" which still dominate mental hospital deaths and very long terminal admissions were unusual. Most patients had been admitted on more than one occasion and had received a great deal of extramural care and treatment—they represent a very disabled group. Multiple physical pathology was identified in many at the time of admission and new pathology arose during admission. Almost half of male deaths were sudden, but women often endured prolonged and distressed deaths and these require enlightened management.


It should be a cause for celebration that over 1.6 million people in the poorest parts of the world are now on antiretroviral treatment to halt the advance of HIV. But in a rush to improve access mistakes have been made. These mistakes, many of which were predictable, will be costly in terms of money and lives as drug resistance accelerates and more advanced (second-line) drugs may be unaffordable in poor countries.


The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States freed the Negro Slaves and defined their status as far as their personal, physical freedom was concerned, but it went no further. The Fourteenth Amendment was passed with the manifest intention of protecting the new freedmen from hostile and discriminatory legislation of the States, and was intended to be a general bulkwark of liberty and freedom. After the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment it was generally thought, too, that that great charter of liberty guaranteed everyone, regardless of his race or previous condition of servitude, the right to engage in all gainful and profitable occupations and professions. This idea, however was soon dispelled by a decision of the court of Appeals of the State of Maryland. In the case of In Re: Taylor, 48 Maryland, 28, the doctrine was laid down that a State had a right to limit the privilege of practicing law to white males and that such a limitation did not violate the constitutional prohibition in the Fourteenth Amendment for the reason that the privilege of admission to the office of attorney cannot be said to be a right or immunity belonging to a citizen of the United States as such, but it is a right governed and regulated by the legislature of the State and that, therefore, the legislature may prescribe the qualifications required and designate the class of persons who may be admitted. This theory of law was upheld in the opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States in Bradwell's Case, 16 Wallace, 142. In that case the court used the following language: "It is the prerogative of the legislature to prescribe regulations founded in nature, reason, and experience, for due admission of qualified persons to professions demanding special skill and confidence. This prerogative belongs to the police power of the State. Accordingly, a State Legislature may limit the practice to whites alone and bar Negroes. "


Metallic nanoparticles, one of the building blocks of nanotechnology, have a variety of applications because of their unique and interesting properties. In this study, we have done the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by "bottom-up" technique using an extract of Psoralea corylifolia (Babchi) and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The synthesis of AgNPs was monitored by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Primary characterization by UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph depicted that the synthesized nanoparticles of spherical and cubical in shape with uniform size distribution. In addition, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) further revealed that the nanoparticles were of the size ranging from 50-100 nm.


The presence within bone marrow of a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) able to differentiate into a number of different mesenchymal tissues, including bone and cartilage, was first suggested by Friedenstein nearly 40 years ago [1]. Since then MSC have been demonstrated in a variety of fetal and adult tissues, including bone marrow, fetal blood and liver, cord blood, amniotic fluid and, in some circumstances, in adult peripheral blood [2–7]. MSC from all of these sources can be extensively expanded in vitro and when cultured under specific permissive conditions retain their ability to differentiate into multiple lineages including bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, nerve, glial and stromal cells [2,4,5,7– 11]. There has been great interest in these cells both because of their value as a model for studying the molecular basis of differentiation and because of their therapeutic potential for tissue repair and immune modulation [12–16].


The communication between wireless sensor network applications is mostly energy consuming process, which is miserable in the WSN environment the number of sensor nodes have been placed to update the information about the capturing data with the help of sensory equipment for several computer applications, the data prediction approach has been applied previously for reducing the communication between the sensor nodes, which is achieved by eliminating the propagation of each and every sample data to the server, it is done with the use of a model to evaluate the value of captured data and by communicating with the server whenever the modification in the sampled data it will be able to appropriately described, the wireless sensor network applications burn the power not only for communicating the data even though used for various supervising operations urged by the network layer protocols, An approach to reduce the communication without concede the data characteristics is to foretell the way followed by the data being captured is the core of an any model, to overcome the deficiency in the wireless sensor network application environment to introduce the approach called derivative based prediction (DBP),it can improve the system performance by comparing the captured data each and every time with the suppression value calculated by the server with the help of initially captured data, if the value matches drop the sample data otherwise it gives the information about the changes in the environment, additionally applying the WLEACH algorithm to randomly select the sensor node based on the highest battery power, then the highest battery power node act as a cluster head to collect the information from the other sensor nodes if any sensor node having the lowest battery power, the contents of the node have been transferred to the cluster head based on the highest battery power, which is help to prevent the data loss, improves the accuracy of data and also improves system lifetime. Keywords— Wireless sensor network; Data prediction; Derivative based prediction (DBP); W-LEACH.


The challenge of a sustainable and biobased economy is to develop innovative technologies to recover and reuse energy compounds from waste streams. Lipids present in waste and wastewaters can be converted to methane (a biofuel). Hydrolysis of lipids results in the formation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and glycerol. In methanogenic environments LCFA are degraded by syntrophic associations of acetogenic bacteria and methanogens [1]. Glycerol is a fermentable substrate that is ultimately converted to methane in mixed culture anaerobic bioreactors. However, conversion of glycerol by pure or defined cultures of fermentative bacteria can yield important bulk chemicals, such as succinate, 1,3-propanediol and hydrogen. This is interesting because glycerol has become an abundant and inexpensive feedstock due to massive production of biodiesel. Here we present a summary of our work on syntrophic ecophysiology of LCFA conversion and we introduce some of our isolates able to convert glycerol to added-value chemicals.


Summary A proportional hazards regression model was applied to data on women aged 45–49 from the Egyptian Fertility Survey, to assess the effects of women's education, residence, and marital experience on their age at the birth of their last child. When age at marriage and parity were controlled, well-educated urban women tended to stop reproducing earlier than less educated rural women. Compared to intact first marriages, marital dissolution (divorce, widowhood, or separation) with remarriage tended to prolong the age at last birth, while failure to remarry tended to hasten it.


Described appearance characteristic and endanger performance of Zanthoxylum zathoyli,and presents the chemical control and the agricultural control and the biological control about Zanthoxylum zathoyli in Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis.


Fiber orientation of dilute and concentrated suspensions in elongational flow was simulated by using a particle simulation method (PSM). In this method, a fiber is modeled with an array of spheres and the motion of hydrodynamically interacting fibers is followed by solving the translational and rotational equations of motion for each constituent sphere. Computer simulation was performed to predict the microstructure and the rheological properties of rigid fiber suspensions of aspect ratios 5 and 10 at various concentrations (0.1∼22.5 vol%). The computer simulations demonstrate that fibers scarcely interact with each other even in the concentrated regime and their motion follows the classical theory, which is based on the dilute regime.


Distribution management is one of the cores of economy management in military hospital. There are problems in current distribution management in military hospital as followed, inadequate quality checking system, lacking evidence of distribution, not understanding the effect of various distribution method, planning without goal and idea of hospital, not understanding relation between assessing fator and distribution method. The author illustrated problems in current distribution management, and put forward inner distribution system from four aspects in accordance with actuality. Who create the value? How much did he create? What did he give the creator? How much did he give the creator?


Recent results on modelling Bose-Einstein effect in Monte Carlo generators for a source with no spherical symmetry (as seen in the data on $Z^0$ hadronic decays) are reported. Modifications of the weight method necessary for $W^+W^-$ decays are presented and some preliminary results concerning the "inter-$W$" interference effects are discussed.


A new method was established for the determination of Para Red in hot chilli oil by gas chro-matography - mass spectrum. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is carried out on a Strata - X column. Sample aqueous are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC/MS. The detection limit, recovery , and precision are 2. 0 μg/L , 93.8 % ,and 1.3-3.5 % respectively.


Preventive maintenance is a valuable tool in minimizing unexpected tool downtime in semiconductor fabs. This thesis is spawned from the research project, "Preventive Maintenance in Semiconductor Fabs", sponsored by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) and International SEMATECH. The project is a joint venture between the University of Cincinnati and University of Maryland that looks to improve the planning and scheduling of preventive maintenance (PM) on tools in semiconductor fabs. The project proposes a two-level hierarchical optimization structure that considers important factors such as the work-in-progress (WIP) at a tool and the complex relationships between the chambers of a cluster tool. This thesis focuses on the lower level of the aforementioned hierarchy that deals with PM scheduling. It expands on the work accomplished thus far in the project, specifically analyzing and fixing current issues with the PM scheduling algorithm and creating a software implementation of the scheduling algorithm.


This paper examines how representations of Iowa in popular culture have led to tourism development in three small communities – Eldon, Mason City and Dyersville. It squarely situates Iowa within the framework of America"s mythic heartland and then analyzes three enduring artifacts of American popular culture – the painting American Gothic, the musical The Music Man, and the film The Field of Dreams. While these popular images of Iowa have significantly helped the economies of these small communities, I contend that Iowa"s wider state identity has ultimately been hindered by these representations because of their strong resonance in the American imagination.


Introduction : The Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) integrated care initiative, Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods (HHAN), provides long term care coordination to vulnerable families.  The spectrum of care required to optimise the health and social care outcomes for these families well exceeds the capacity of the public healthcare system alone.  The HHAN clinicians recognise that needs such as housing, finance, and social supports often preclude these families from addressing physical and mental health issues and as such, work directly with clients to coordinate holistic interagency collaboration to suit each family's needs.  As part of the evaluation of HHAN, this project looks to understand how these endeavours on the "front line" align with the strategic directions of agencies across the network.   Theory/Methods : The perspectives as well as the power to influence interagency collaboration will depend in part on an individual's formal role within an organisation.  Using a semi-structured, qualitative interview approach, this aspect of the HHAN evaluation will specifically focus on senior management staff from 12 separate organisations, all of which are networked with the HHAN program in some capacity.  The interviews will focus on exploring the participant's individual definition of "interagency collaboration", followed by exploring their opinion on context and extent of enablers and barriers to interagency collaboration. Results : Interviews are expected to commence in early September, 2017.  Preliminary findings will be presented.  We will compare the definitions held by senior level management staff in different organisations and focus on what they believe to be enablers and barriers  to interagency collaboration. Discussions : The project will discuss how the definition of interagency collaboration manifests as/or translates to barriers or enablers to engagement and cooperation in practice. Conclusions : We believe perspectives of and definitions held by senior management staff are influenced by their position within an organisation and their formal role which in turn affects interagency collaboration on multiple levels.  This study will provide further insights into this concept.


ABSTRACT Stents seem to provide a new challenge in optmisation. In a coronary application they are used mainly to remedy Stenosis; a thickening of the blood vessel. But it is seen that in as many as 25% to 50% of the cases there is a reappearance of stenosis leading to what is called Restenosis [1]. Many times, it is felt that the stent design itself is the root cause of this [2]. This warrants a careful design or a design optimisation of stents. A review of literature reveals that there have been only limited attempts to optimize them. Very clearly, this optimization is multi-disciplinary in nature requiring inputs from fluid dynamics, structures and materials. The author has started an investigation with the aim of optimizing the design of stents. As a first step, only two-dimensional coronary flows are considered. The flow reduces to that through a duct with a series of steps, called struts, placed along it. One has to optimize the width, thickness and spacing of these struts. A review of literature shows that the recirculation of flow downstream of the stent and in the inter-strut region is the primary cause of restenosis [3]. Shear stress acting on the strut also seems to play an important role. In this work the vorticity generated due to the stent, the length of the recirculation region downstream of the stents and the attachment distance in between the struts are considered as the objective functions. We employ "Exploration of Design Space" procedure to carry out the optimization [4]. First, the design variables and their limits are established, which in the present case are width, spacing and thickness of the struts. Employing the Latin Hypercube sampling, sixty representative cases are identified. By running the commercial software FLUENT, objective functions are computed for each of these sixty cases. This is followed by Kriging to establish the non-dominated solutions, which contain the optimized set of designs. The present work includes stents of semicircular as well as rectangular cross section. Fig. 1 shows the non-dominated solutions for the rectangular geometry with vorticty and length of reattachment as the objectives. Several optimum designs were identified as a result and are shown in Fig.2. These consisted of stents with minimum vorticty, those with a minimum recirculation between the struts and the ones with a considerable attachment length between the struts. The presentation will describe the procedure in detail and discuss the results obtained.


Aims: The study was conducted to develop a basic security system that integrates Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), an electromagnetic lock, and a GSM Module to produce a lowcost and effective access control system. This work uses the possibility of improving access control door security by replacing a door key with a dependable electromagnetic door lock system for only authorized persons utilizing RFID and a mobile call intruder warning system.
Methodology: The system is controlled by an ATMEGA328 microcontroller, which instructs the RFID reader to check and verify the users' unique identity tags before unlocking the electromagnetic lock to grant access or alert the administrators through the GSM module if an invalid tag is used. The microcontroller which also controls a liquid crystal display was programmed using Arduino C language; the data of identification tags were stored in its database. The RFIDbased access control with electromagnetic lock and intruder alert consists of three main parts – the INPUT (RFID), CONTROL (ATMega 328), and OUTPUT (Electromagnetic lock, LCD, Buzzer, and GSM Module). The RFID reader was able to scan tags and open a prototype door when a valid tag is used. The motor closes the door after a preset 5 seconds delay.
Conclusion: When compared to well-known techniques in the literature, the developed RFID Access control system outperforms them in terms of accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The door locking system works in real-time because when the user places the tag in contact with the reader, the door opens and the check-in information, together with the user's basic information, is recorded in the central server.


Objective To study the relationship between coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD) and risk factors,including serum lipid index,inflammatory factors and HCY.Methods The serum levels of HCY,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoA1,ApoB,UA,HS-CRP and Lp(a) were detected in parallel in 110 examples of CHD group and other 100 examples of the control group.The contrastive analysis and logistic analysis were conducted.Results CHD group showed significant differences from the control group,including the serum levels of HCY,TG,LDL-C,Lp(a),ApoB,UA and HS-CRP(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that HCY,Lp(a),LDL-C,UA were the risk factors for CHD,and HDL-C was a protective factor.Conclusion The serum levels of HCY,Lp(a),LDL-C and UA are closely related with CHD,while LDL-C has the biggest effect on CHD.Detecting the serum levels of these risk factors as early as possible has positive value in preventing and diagnosing coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.


HOUSTON–With shale gas reservoirs producing an increasingly significant fraction of North American natural gas, and with a promising future for unconventional gas plays, it is appropriate to take a look at a large segment of the well inventory to see what can be concluded. Is there any common ground? What can the past foretell of the future? Does the industry have a tiger by the tail, or is it merely a paper tiger? As with any emerging trend, there are skeptics. Some consultants and investment counselors question the sustainability of the unconventional gas play, with emphasis on shale gas wells' estimated ultimate recovery and overall economic feasibility. In addition, much of the information available does not correlate because it was selected or derived using inconsistent methodologies. For example, some calculate EURs by extrapolating from initial production rates. Some have applied decline trends from one play to analyze another play. Moreover, any two operators analyzing the same prospect will come up with different answers. Different operators use different rules, and since each operating company must base its business decisions on its own economic status, it is little wonder that predictions are all over the place. To examine the history of any era or series of events, one must have a statistically significant database. One or two points do not define a trend. Accordingly, the portion of a shale gas production decline rate study detailed in this article is limited to examining wells in the Barnett, Fayetteville, Woodford and Haynesville plays. Besides examining decline curves in detail to try to identify trends or common ground, the study attempted to identify any correlation between production improvements and implementing new technology or techniques. In addition, the decline trends of both horizontal shale gas wells and horizontal tight gas sandstone wells were compared, looking for similarities and any refinements on the ability to predict EUR. To provide a common denominator, the analyses were conducted through break-even economics using a P50 probability case to put everything into a dollars and cents basis. The exercise was nontrivial. In all, 1,957 horizontal shale gas wells were included in the portion of the study referenced in this article, before quality assurance/quality control was applied to the data. Other well known fields were considered for the purposes of general comparison. Field lives varied from a mature Cotton Valley play with almost 30 years of production history to some of the most recent shale plays, such as the Eagle Ford.


Objectives: Diabetes is a major public health problem and mainly affects the eyes, the kidney and the foot. This work focuses on diabetic foot to device new strategies for early diagnosis of diabetic foot in hospitals from the analysis of thermal images. Method/Statistical Analysis: In the presence of a triggering factor, it may lead to ulceration and subsequent amputation. In many cases, development of diabetic foot disorders can be avoided or substantially delayed with adequate treatments that are provided at an early stage. Most of the people who are with Diabetes have some form of nerve damage. Apart from this Hyperthermia it is also a challenging issue in diabetes correlated to foot these days. A new algorithm called Global Region Based Chan-vese Algorithm is proposed to analyze the underlying problems present in acquired images. Findings: A pre-processing technique as well as a post-processing technique of image processing methods will be used for the development of the frame work which will be useful for easy analysis and as well as an education tool for layman. Improvements/Applications: In this approach The segmentation boundary is represented implicitly with a level set function, but in previously employed methods the initial curve can be placed anywhere in the image.


Mechanisms by which pattern generators impose temporal organization on target nodes while reacting to changes in behavior and cognitive demand remain poorly understood. While perturbation through optogentic stimulation can reveal circuit mechanisms that create and locally integrate this temporal organization, it is unclear whether superseding endogenous signals with artificial oscillations would benefit or impede hippocampus-dependent cognition or how cognitive demand might affect septo-hippocampal entrainment. Optogenetically stimulating the MS of wild-type rats in 3 contexts showed that septal input supersedes endogenous hippocampal oscillations when animals are at rest and while performing a hippocampus-dependent spatial accuracy task. Stimulation during a hippocampus-independent task, however, resulted in endogenous compensatory oscillations. Although burst-timing organization of hippocampal cells mirrored task-conditional theta entrainment, place field properties were unaffected. Impairment with regard to spatial accuracy behavior in the hippocampus-dependent task underscores the role of theta oscillations in the computation of spatial metric.


John Keats, the great literary figure of Romanticism in the 19th century, was the one whose name was written in water. This essay tries to approach Keats's poetry from the perspective of Kant, the forefather of German Classical Philosophy by providing examples to show their great aesthetic features. The features can be summarized as follows:a poet should have negative capability, the ability enabling him to remain an aesthetic distance instead of using literature for utilitarian purpose; the revealing of experience of beauty that intimates the harmony within man's dual nature as free and physical being; the superiority of man's cognitive power, especially imagination and fancy, over the power of sensibility; transcendence from the sensory to the supersensible through taste or experience of beauty, and for himself, poetry.


The study was conducted in conventional, conservation farming (six year old block) and organic (10 year block) farming crop systems at UAS, Dharwad for assessing the impact of agricultural practices on insect diversity. The results indicated greater insect diversity in organic and conservation crop blocks as compared to conventional system. Simpson's diversity index ranged from 0.335 (conventional farming) to 0.444 (organic farming) while Shannon-Wiener index varied from 0.422 (organic farming) to 0.627 (conventional farming). Organic farming practices registered significantly higher Simpson's and Shannon indices (0.376 and 0.445, respectively) for beneficial arthropods compared to conventional farming (0.263 and 0.339 respectively).


Plasmodium vivax malaria is much less common in Africa than the rest of the world because the parasite relies primarily on the Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) to invade human erythrocytes, and the majority of Africans are Duffy negative. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the reporting of P. vivax cases in Africa, with a high number of them being in Duffy negative individuals, potentially indicating P. vivax has evolved an alternative invasion mechanism that can overcome Duffy negativity. Here, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV) in Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data from 44 P. vivax samples isolated from symptomatic malaria patients in southwestern Ethiopia, where both Duffy positive and Duffy negative individuals are found. A total of 236,351 SNPs were detected, of which 21.9% was nonsynonymous and 78.1% was synonymous mutations. The largest number of SNPs were detected on chromosomes 9 (33,478 SNPs; 14% of total) and 10 (28,133 SNPs; 11.9%). There were particularly high levels of polymorphism in erythrocyte binding gene candidates including reticulocyte binding protein 2c (RBP2c), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), and merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3.5, MSP3.85 and MSP3.9). Thirteen genes related to immunogenicity and erythrocyte binding function were detected with significant signals of positive selection. Variation in gene copy number was also concentrated in genes involved in host-parasite interactions, including the expansion of the Duffy binding protein gene (PvDBP) on chromosome 6 and several PIR genes. Based on the phylogeny constructed from the whole genome sequences, the expansion of these genes was an independent process among the P. vivax lineages in Ethiopia. We further inferred transmission patterns of P. vivax infections among study sites and showed various levels of gene flow at a small geographical scale. The genomic features of P. vivax provided baseline data for future comparison with those in Duffy-negative individuals, and allowed us to develop a panel of informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers diagnostic at a micro-geographical scale.


Background Therapy with intravenous glucocorticoids (GCs) is associated with various side effects, however, the impact on bone remains elusive. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a diagnostic tool providing information on bone microarchitecture based on images obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We investigated the influence of the intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse administration on TBS in patients with moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Methods Fifteen patients with GO were treated with 12 IVMP pulses (6x0.5g, 6x0.25 g on a weekly schedule). They received supplementation with 2000 IU of vitamin D and 1.0 g of calcium throughout the study period. TBS was assessed at baseline and after last IVMP pulse. To determine the difference between values at baseline and after treatment the least significant change (LSC) methodology was used. We compared pre- and posttreatment mean TBS values. Results We found a significant decrease of TBS in 5 out of 15 (33%) patients. Mean TBS value decreased becoming 2.4% lower than at baseline (p<0.05). Conclusions IVMP pulse therapy exerts negative effect on bone microarchitecture in TBS assessment. The analysis of the clinical risk factors for osteoporosis and the evaluation of bone mineral density and TBS should be considered before initiating IVMP therapy.


Simple Summary This study describes the meat tenderness and colour attributes of six muscles (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), Semimembranosus (SM), Biceps femoris (BF), Supraspinatus (SS), Infraspinatus (IS), Semitendinosus (ST)) from same-aged young Boer Goat (BG) and Indigenous Veld Goat (IVG: Cape Speckled and the Cape Lob Ear) wethers and bucks. Muscle tenderness and colour characteristics differed more between wethers and bucks than between IVG and BG. Large-frame IVG bucks and wethers produced very similar meat tenderness, juiciness and colour characteristics to the BG bucks and wethers, indicating them to be just as suited for meat production. The wethers′ meat, with its increased intramuscular fat in all six muscles tested, would satisfy the consumer segment that prefer juicier and more flavoursome meat. Knowledge of the muscle characteristics of goat carcasses will help the development of the formal commercial market for goat meat, which would benefit smallholder farmers, who typically produce most of the goats in the world. Abstract Various meat quality characteristics of six muscles (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), Semimembranosus (SM), Biceps femoris (BF), Supraspinatus (SS), Infraspinatus (IS), Semitendinosus (ST)) from large-frame Boer Goats (BG) and Indigenous Veld Goats (IVG: Cape Speckled and the Cape Lob Ear) were studied. Weaner male BG (n = 18; 10 bucks and 8 wethers) and IVG (n = 19; 9 bucks and 10 wethers) were raised on hay and natural grass, and on a commercial pelleted diet to a live weight of 30–35 kg. All goats were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir and the dressed carcasses were chilled at 4 °C within 1 h post mortem. The muscles were dissected from both sides 24 h post mortem and aged for 1 d and 4 d. Variations in meat characteristics such as ultimate pH, water holding capacity (WHC), % purge, myofibril fragment length (MFL), intramuscular fat (IMF), connective tissue characteristics, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were recorded across muscles. Bucks had higher lightness (L*) and hue-angle values, whereas wethers had increased redness (a*) and chroma values. The muscle baseline data will allow informed decisions to support muscle-specific marketing strategies, which may be used to improve consumer acceptability of chevon.


Digital Fractional-N PLLs allows easy cancellation of ΔΣ quantization noise and spurs [1], [2]. However, the actual results depend dramatically on the linearity of the time-to-digital converter (TDC). This paper presents a 3MHz bandwidth fractional-N synthesizer, which combines a 4ps TDC with digital linearization algorithm and a feedback phase interpolator with mismatch cancellation algorithm. In contrast to other TDC linearization approaches [3], this structure allows multiplier-free computations, fast and accurate spur cancellation, as well as digital post-cancellation of phase errors induced by the phase interpolator mismatches, avoiding more complex calibration loops [4].


This paper is in two parts, the first of which reviews several possible methods of determining the mica content of a soil and then describes in detail the development and successful operation of two methods, a vibratory method and a dielectric one. The second part of the paper records the results of standard laboratory tests on three soils with a high mica content and discusses the value and limitations of such tests in assessing the field performance of micaceous soils (A).


ground of Mormon historiography, and results in the ironic transformation of McLellin from persona non grata to primary witness for a crucial aspect of the new Mormon orthodoxy. In fact, in an intended parallel to New Testament precedents, co-editor John Welch elevates these diaries to quasicanonical status by calling them "the Acts of the Apostle William E. McLellin" (P13)A particular thorn in the sides of modern apologists has been a school of historical scholarship that emphasizes the highly evolutionary character of Mormonism from the private beliefs of the Smith family to a radical religion attempting to transform all aspects of antebellum American society: political, social, economic, educational, and sexual, under the aegis of an allencompassing theocratic kingdom of God whose realization in Nauvoo, Illinois, though temporarily thwarted by Joseph Smith's assassination in 1844, achieved its apex under the leadership of Brigham Young in the Utah of the 1860s and 1870s. Under the relentless onslaught of a reconstructionist federal government the Mormons were finally forced to jettison the political, social, and economic aspects of their kingdom, merging into the religious pluralism of American society in the twentieth century. Needless to say such an interpretation, emphasizing wrenching changes, has confronted apologists with the daunting task of justification, an ongoing process requiring considerable fine-tuning as the church continues to adjust to a rapidly changing world. The McLellin diaries happen to be eminently useful in this process, depicting a pre-kingdom Mormonism not radically different from its numerous Protestant competitors in the antebellum religious marketplace, and not all that much different from a post-kingdom Mormonism having to compete in the modern world—a point emphasized by editor Jan Shipps. It is almost a case of using history against itself, of downplaying two generations of Mormon history in the service of a presentist agenda. Of course, this is not to say that the diaries are not of significant historical importance for a more nuanced understanding of the evolution of Mormonism. They are also "a remarkably detailed and honest account of an ordinary American deliberately seeking and sometimes finding the sacred," as Laurel Thatcher Ulrich puts it in a perceptive foreword (p. xi). The editing is of the highest standards, well annotated, with useful biographical and bibliographical ancillary sections.


1 Research Engineer, Nat'l Res. Inst. for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Dr. Eng., JAPAN 2 Senior Research Engineer, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Building Research Institute, Dr. Eng., JAPAN 3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto Univ., Dr. Eng., JAPAN 4 Assist. Prof., Pioneering Research Unit for Next Generation, Kyoto Univ., Ph.D., JAPAN 5 Prof., Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto Univ., Dr. Eng., JAPAN Email: email@example.com


The creep-buckling behaviors of cylindrical stainless-steel tubes subjected to radial external pressure load at elevated temperatures—800, 900, and 1000 °C—were experimentally investigated. Prior to the creep-buckling tests, the buckling pressure was measured under each temperature condition. Then, in creep-buckling experiments, the creep-buckling failure time was measured by reducing the external pressure load for two different tube specimens—representing the first and second buckling modes—to examine the relationship between the external pressure and the creep-buckling failure time. The measured failure time ranged from <1 min to <4 h under 99–41% loading of the buckling pressure. Additionally, an empirical correlation was developed using the Larson–Miller parameter model to predict the long-term buckling time of the stainless-steel tube column according to the experimental results. Moreover, the creep-buckling processes were recorded by two high-speed cameras. Finally, the characteristics of the creep buckling under radial loading were discussed with regard to the geometrical imperfections of the tubes and the material properties of the stainless steel at the high temperatures.


Objective: This case‐control study determined whether internationally recognized risk factors for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) term babies were applicable in New Zealand.


It has been assumed for several decades that the autonomic nervouo system plays an important role in the phenomenon of hibernation in mammals, but definitive evidence has not been available. Until recently investigations of the entrance into hibernation and the hibernating state were perforce descriptive, for any physical disturbance of the animal usually started the process of arousal. During arousal various physiological manipulations could be carried out and the effects noted, so that this phase of the hibernating cycle is moderately well documented (Lyman & Chatfield, 1955). From these data it has been postulated that the sympathetic nervous system is importantly involved in the process of arousal. On the other hand, it has been suggested that entrance into hibernation is brought about by parasympathetic influence (Strumwasser, 1960) or lack of sympathetic influence (Britton, 1928), but evidence to substantiate this is scanty. Techniques of chronic cannulation of major blood vessels (Still & Whitcomb, 1956) have opened a new approach to the study of hibernation. By means of an indwelling cannula, drugs ofknown pharmacological effect can be introduced into the blood stream in minute amounts and the effects noted, with the assurance that the changes observed are due to the drug alone. With suitable devices, blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, body temperature and the electrocardiogram can be obtained at will. Using these techniques, we have attempted a partial dissection of the role of the autonomic nervous system throughout the hibernating cycle.


Train teachers as mediators of collaborative learning in virtual environments is a current challenge for this non conventional education, where technologies are combined, individualism, linear instructional design and process asynchronous communication, limited collaboration among peers whether teachers or students. To then achieve collaborative learning between teachers and students, is required to generate proposals with strategies for social interaction mediated by communication technology resources themselves, to produce effects on the perception, interpretation, motivation, negotiation and especially learning and adaptation individual in order to establish relationships between the social and cognitive aspects, which are complementary and a balance between the inter-and intra-learning learning. This work proposes that teachers of the Virtual University System (SUV) at the University of Guadalajara understand and implement collaborative estratategias based on the principles and dimensions of the academic model of the SUV through a process of action research in order to centarda consolidate a proposal in daily living and interactions that are generated in the virtual learning to socialize ideas, experiences and feelings. It is then expected that teachers develop skills in teamwork, learn from relationships with others and environments conducive to effective communication and dialogical learning.


Continuously, every company always finds a way to maintain its sustainability by creating new values or innovative costs strategy. The introduction of new technology such as 5G promises new capability from both technology and business aspects. Due to technology limitations, most telecom and other high technology industries are saturated with current cost structures and business strategies. Thus, there is a need to discuss new revenue streamlines from new use cases and new business models as the impact of 5G implementation. The case study of New Capital City (NCC) of Indonesia is selected due to the nature purpose of this city as a pilot project for whole 5G experience. Qualitative data was gathered from focus discussion groups (FGD) and semi-structured in-depth interviews with essential resources from multiple organizations. As the results, this study proposes 5G use cases tailored for the NCC and potential new collaboration schemes and business models such as Co-Primary Spectrum Sharing (CoPSS), Licensed Shared Access (LSA), and modified vertical micro-operator. Regulatory and business firms could nourish the ecosystem to grow the new micro and local players for both use cases and business models


We study memoryless, discrete time, matrix channels with additive white Gaussian noise and input power constraints of the form Yi = P j HijXj + Zi, where Yi ,Xj and Zi are complex, i = 1..m, j = 1..n, and H is a complex m × n matrix with some degree of randomness in its entries. The additive Gaussian noise vector is assumed to have uncorrelated entries. Let H be a full matrix (non-sparse) with pairwise correlations between matrix entries of the form E[HikH ∗ jl ] = 1 n CijDkl, where C,D are positive definite Hermitian matrices. Simplicities arise in the limit of large matrix sizes (the so called large-n limit) which allow us to obtain several exact expressions relating to the channel capacity. We study the probability distribution of the quantity f(H) = log det(1 + P H † SH). S is non-negative definite and hermitian, with T rS = n. Note that the expectation E[f(H)], maximised over S, gives the capacity of the above channel with an input power constraint in the case H is known at the receiver but not at the transmitter. For arbitrary C,D exact expressions are obtained for the expectation and variance of f(H) in the large matrix size limit. For C = D = I, where I is the identity matrix, expressions are in addition obtained for the full moment generating function for arbitrary (finite) matrix size in the large signal to noise limit. Finally, we obtain the channel capacity where the channel matrix is partly known and partly unknown and of the form αI + βH, α, β being known constants and entries of H i.i.d. Gaussian with variance 1/n. Channels of the form described above are of interest for wireless transmission with multiple antennae and receivers.


Yeast vacuolar fusion and fission is a highly dynamic mechanism that responds to intracellular and extra‐cellular changes working to keep cells intact. This mechanism has been well conserved from yeast to humans. We discovered that Env7 is a conserved vacuolar membrane kinase that is involved in negative regulation of vacuolar fusion during budding and stress, similar to that of Yck3. We have shown that these two vacuolar kinases interact genetically and double delete shows the compromised phenotype [Manandhar, S; Gharakhanian, E., FEMS Yeast Res., 472–80, 2014] Here we also show that the double delete is defective in autophagy further supporting the possible interaction between these two genes. Based on gel shift assay, we have established that the phosphorylation of native Env7 is dependent on Yck3 and can be complemented by exogenously expressed Yck3 in an expression dependent manner. Here we also show that Yck3 directly interacts and phosphorylates Env7 at specific sites. By using site‐directed mutagenesis we have identified the Yck3 dependent phosphorylation sites of Env7. Our data strongly suggest that serine residues at positions 323 and 331 (S323 and S331) are the Yck3‐mediated phosphorylation sites of Env7 in consistent to the prediction by Bioinformatic analysis. Phosphorylation of Env7 is required not only for the stability of Env7 but also for regulating vacuolar morphology dynamics. Since we have shown that Env7 is essential for normal vacuoles dynamics during budding, studies in phosphorylation state and localization of Env7 during cell cycle arrest and progression using confocal microscopy are in progress. We are also currently working on exploring the possible downstream substrates that are likely involved in above mentioned cellular events.


The aim of this paper is to evaluate the role of judicial control in establishing rule of law and its impact on good governance in Bangladesh. Rule of law and human rights are very burning issues in Bangladesh now. This paper highlights on few core aspects of rule of law such as- equality before law, absence of arbitrary exercise of government power and protecting rights of citizens. Besides, the paper also highlights some cases analysis which is directly related to environmental rights of citizens. The key findings of the paper are:i. Democratic and sound political environment is the most crucial for rule of law and human rights as well good governance but the present state of political culture in Bangladesh is very ghastly which impeded establishment of rule of law, human rights and democratic governance. ii.Though, rule of law is one of the most crucial elements of good governance and judiciary is a very vital institution of government to establish rule of law in a country. However, breach of equality before law, abuse of power and violation of human rights are still stirring in Bangladesh. Delay and log jam of cases is another crucial problem of Bangladesh judiciary which appears in few cases of this paper. It has also found that the role of some NGOs or human rights defender organizations is very effective to promote and protect individual rights as well as to uphold the spirit of rule of law. The main learning lesson of this paper is that there is no single entity by which rule of law or good governance of a country may ensure.


This paper presents crack detection in concrete structure based on fuzzy logic. Safety inspection of concrete structures is very important since it is closely related with the structural health and reliability. Automated structural health monitoring system becomes necessity in recent years that encourages various researches to be going on in this area. Cheap availability of digital cameras makes research work in this field easier. This paper presents digital image processing and fuzzy logic based efficient crack detection technique in concrete structure. Here features from digital image of concrete structure are extracted by using morphological image processing technique and then extracted features are fed to fuzzy logic to accurately identify the crack.


Pawnshop as a credit institution which has the speci c purpose of chan- neling money mortgage loan on the basis of laws aimed at preventing the practice of debt bondage, dark pawn shops, usury, and other unfair lending. know the loan and re- payment is more favorable to customers. Mortgage lend- ing on conventional and Islamic mortgage is very easy to understand by customers who need a quick loan, practi- cal and aman.Penulisan aims to determine the dierences in lending on the basis of legal mortgage lien between Is- lamic and conventional mortgage loans and repayment know more bene cial to customers. Conventional mortgage lend- ing in charge of administration and cost of capital lease whereas Sharia imposed on pawn shops and administra- tive costs ijara. Loans and repayment a more pro table by making loans on conventional mortgages as a percentage of money greater than the mortgage loan and the repay- ment of sharia at maturity on a conventional mortgage is calculated four- fths of fteen days per month while pawn- ing Islamic month is calculated quarter-tenths of the day


Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat energy. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In this Work one of the Renewable Energies is being focused which is solar energy that it can be used in different two ways Solar Thermal or Solar Photovoltaic; as Solar power (Electricity) is produced in two ways: Direct Transformation from PV or Concentration of solar energy to create steam in order to drive a turbine. Photovoltaic (PV) devices are discovered with their types based on the type of silicon used, specifically; (Mono-crystalline Silicon Cells, Poly-crystalline Silicon Cells, Amorphous thin-film Silicon Cells); Also, different factors that can affect the efficiency of solar panel mounting systems are discussed. PV Systems (Stand-Alone System or a Grid Connected System) with their configurations is discovered and discussed briefly. As Smart Grid is an Electrical Grid in which it includes varieties of operational and Energy Measurements such as Smart Meters, Smart Appliances, Renewable Energy Resources, and Efficiency Energy Resources from here PV Systems as one the Renewables resources in smart grid is introduced. The Study is for Supplying Building (A) – BUE with power and loads was assumed to be 921364.7059 Wh/day and the no. of modules required was 2000 PV module. In order to install 2000 PV Module, it requires 4000m2 Area and the building roof area doesn't support to install all this number of modules so it is assumed to be installed in another area land beside the BUE location. A MATLAB Program Code was Generated to estimate the Monthly Averaged Global Solar Radiation at BUE Location and also another Code was generated to Draw the (I–V) Curve for the Selected PV Module.


Flavon oids compounds are a kind of important secondary metabolities accumulated in Pueraria lobata cell, and have a special value in medicine. Taking Pueraria lobata as a pattern, we observed that precursors (L-phe, Cinnamic acid, trans-Ferulic acid, Coumarin) had an effect on the growth of Pueraria lobata, the activity of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) which appeared during fiavonoids synthesis and the content of flavonoids. As a result, L-phe and Cinnamic acid had promoting effects on cell growth, while the highest flavonoids levels were obtained on the medium containing low concentration of L-phe. PAL activities were enhanced when adding L-phe and trans-ferulic acid.


If all goes well on Capitol Hill, construction of the proposed $456 million 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL) could start next year. President Ronald Reagan's fiscal 1989 federal budget proposed $6 million for the construction and the request now awaits congressional approval. The long-planned facility will emit X rays that are 10,000 times more brilliant than any currently produced for research purposes. According to many scientists, it will be a major boost to a variety of fields, including chemistry, materials science and medicine. Because of the brilliance of its X rays, the APS facility will permit experiments that reveal atomic and molecular structures faster and in greater detail than is now possible.


Surgeons compared preoperative and postoperative difficulties between 102 women sterilized with the Filshie clip and 97 women sterilized with the Hulka-Clemens clip. In respect to age and height the women in both groups were similar but the women in the Filshie group were a bit heavier. Complications associated with laparoscopy occurred in both groups yet the difference was not statistically significant. Complications of the method of sterilization included incomplete occlusion (Filshie=6; Hulka-Clemens=10) clip falling from the applicator (F=2; HC=6) gas escape from the applicator (F=1; HC=8) incorrectly assembled applicator (F=0; HC=2) applicator stiff (F=0; HC=1) and tubal transection (F=1; HC=0). The difference in complications between the 2 groups was statistically significant (p<.0005). In assessing postoperative pain no significant difference between the 2 clips was found. The researchers found the Filshie clip to be superior to the Hulka-Clemens clip because its large capacity and its atraumatic locking device made it easier to occlude thick tubes. Additionally the Filshie applicator is easier to maintain and easier to use with right or left hands than the Samaritan applicator used for the Hulka-Clemens clip. The Samaritan applicator must be dismantled and reassembled between operations introducing the possibility of error e.g. the noninterchangeable rubber washers. Despite the differences between the 2 methods both techniques have a low complication and failure rate.


The results of the development of metal hydride (MH) reactors for the storage and purification of hydrogen of various types are presented. Two methods of metal hydride purification of hydrogen are presented. The use of the MH method of flow-through purification of hydrogen has high hydrogen recovery rates at high volume contents of hydrogen in the mixture (⩾10% vol.), while the method of periodic evacuation of accumulated impurities is most effective at low hydrogen contents in the mixture (<10% vol.).


situations.[1,2] The initial report on bedside echocardiography use by EPs was published in 1988 and initiated a period of intensive research and skills refinement that continues to the present day.[3] Some cardiac masses are suspected from the clinical presentation of the patient while others are incidental findings. Cardiac masses can be classified as a cardiac tumor, thrombus, vegetation, iatrogenic material, normal variant, or extracardiac structure. These masses can usually be differentiated by their size, shape, location, mobility, and attachment site, as well as by their clinical presentation. Accurate diagnosis is crucial because misinterpretation may lead to an incorrect management strategy, including an unnecessary surgical procedure.[4] Several echo features of LV thrombus must be evaluated, including the shape (mural or protruding) within the cavity, motion, which may be fixed or mobile, and size. A higher risk of embolization is attributable to larger thrombus size and/or thrombi that are mobile and protrude into the LV chamber. After diagnosis, echocardiographic follow-up is needed until thrombus eradication is obtained using anticoagulants. Access this article online


The causes of failure mechanisms of multilayer ceramic capacitors that result in zero resistance (shorts) or low
resistance (high leakage) behaviour in the capacitors when the capacitors are subjected to low voltages have been
studied. It has been found that failures resulted from the electrochemical reaction of electrode materials in the
microscopic open pores which pass across a ceramic layer between inner electrodes and are filled with water
containing Cl− ions. The mechanism found in this investigation has been applied to enable screening processes to be
evolved for manufactured capacitors to eliminate the possibility of failure and hence to improve the reliability of
circuits using multilayer ceramic capacitors.


Most current models of word naming are restricted to processing monosyllabic words and pseudowords. This limitation stems from difficulties in representing the orthographic and phonological codes for words varying substantially in length. Sibley, Kello, Plaut, and Elman (2008) described an extension of the simple recurrent network architecture, called the sequence encoder, that learned orthographic and phonological representations of variable-length words. The present research explored the use of sequence encoders in models of monosyllabic and bisyllabic word naming. Performance in these models is comparable to other models in terms of word and pseudoword naming accuracy, as well as accounting for naming latency phenomena. Although the models do not address all naming phenomena, the results suggest that sequence encoders can learn orthographic and phonological representations, making it easier to create models that scale up to larger vocabularies, while accounting for behavioural data.


This paper presents a generalized web-based information technology (IT) system designed to improve the collaboration between construction professionals. This is a major effort to develop the technology to integrate construction environments and provide the mechanisms required to improve the flow of information and project documentation within construction projects. Sharing information is the starting point for applying IT to the design, analysis, construction, use, and maintenance of buildings. Control of the flow of information flow is critical throughout the phases of construction projects where documentation is the central mechanism for communicating, sharing, and instructing. Web-based tools support sharing of information, allow timely communication, and offer dynamic information for decision making within an organization. The web-based program proposed allows construction participants share information for a wide variety of project events, cross-reference the various bodies of information, and use the information to monitor and control various aspects of a construction project phases for time utilization. This proposed web-based engine is a general program that can be implemented for a variety of projects by providing standards and models to minimize the adverse effects of fragmentation. The flow of information is contained in documents which the various parties circulate to assist them in sharing the required knowledge. The ability to control and monitor construction resources and share information to achieve predetermined objectives, reduce cost, minimize time, achieve a high quality, and satisfy the client's requirements are primary functions of project management at the construction site. Security is of prime importance for domestic users commercial, and industrial organizations and must be taken into consideration.


The presence of uncertain parameters in design of microgrids (MG) adds significant challenges for MGs planner when it comes to making decisions. To address the uncertainties in the technical and pecuniary information especially in the case of lack of full information on the nature of uncertainty, this paper proposes a novel robust optimization approach for optimum design of MGs considering reconfigurable topology. The proposed approach investigates the economic and reliable structure for MGs deployment and optimal planning of distributed energy resources with section switch and tie switch (TSW) allocation to determine MGs boundaries and topologies. The optimal TSW allocation is implemented in order to change the configuration of distribution network to increase robustness of MGs versus uncertainty. The profit-based objective function is converted into robust framework and, subsequently, has been transformed into single level model by duality gap theory. Finally, grey wolf optimization algorithm has been carried out to solve the proposed model. The appraisement of the proposed model is accomplished by applying it on the IEEE 30-bus distribution system and results of case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The pricing of access to electricity transmission networks in Australia is currently under review. Several options have been proposed including those based on nodal pricing and the assignment of transmission rights contracts. As most of the marginal costs of transmission are recovered through wholesale electricity prices we focus on the key issue of regulation and investment incentives. We find that current options are unlikely to be adequate in terms of encouraging socially optimal levels and timing of new transmission investment. As an alternative, we propose a regulatory scheme, based on a related idea by Sappington and Sibley that can overcome this problem. Our scheme can potentially generate first best results and is readily applicable given the current institutional structure of electricity markets in Australia.


This note states necessary and sufficient conditions for a ring to be a right order in certain self-injective rings. A ring R is said to have the dense extension property if each R-homomorphism from a right ideal of R into R can be lifted to some dense right ideal of R. A right ideal K is rationally closed if for each x E R-K the set x-'K= {y E R: xy E K} is not a dense right ideal of R. We state a major result. Let dim R denote the Goldie dimension of a ring R and Z(R) the right singular ideal of R. Then R is a right order in a self-injective cogenerator ring if and only if R has the dense extension property, Z(R) is rationally closed and the factor ring R/Z(R) is semiprime with dim R/Z(R)=dim R< c.


In this paper, we first propose a new TVL2 regularization model for image restoration, and then we propose two iterative methods, which are fixed-point and fixed-point-like methods, using CGLS (Conjugate Gradient Least Squares method) for solving the new proposed TVL2 problem. We also provide convergence analysis for the fixed-point method. Lastly, numerical experiments for several test problems are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed two iterative methods. Numerical results show that the new proposed TVL2 model is preferred over an existing TVL2 model and the proposed fixed-point-like method is well suited for the new TVL2 model.


Objective To demonstrate the clinical features of pediatric cerebrovascular diseases.Methods Data of 8 cases of pediatric cerebrovascular diseases,aged 6.86 years,hospitalized in the past half year were analyzed retrospectively.The diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage was mainly based on computer tomography (CT),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital substraction angiography (DSA).Results We study 6 boys and 2 girls.The onset of symptoms was acute or subacute in 87.5 % of the patients (7/8).The main manifestation included limbs debilitation (50.0%),loss of consciousness (50.0%),headache (50.0%),aphasia (12.5%) and transient ischemic attack (12.5%).The causes included arteriovenous malformation(AVM) (37.5%,3/8),aneurysm (12.5%,1/8),cavernoma (12.5,1/8),moyamoya disease (37.3 %,3/8).7 patients (87.5 %) recovered,while 1 patients (12.5 %) showed improvement at discharged.Conclusions The clinical manifestation of pediatric cerebrovascular diseases has its own specificity.Patients with positive neurological signs should be thought highly and dealed timely to improve their outcome.

Key words:
Cerebrovascular disorders; Tomography,X-Ray computed; Magnetic resonance imaging; Angiography,digital subtraction