A growing number of studies in recent years (Hulstijn, 1992; Jacobs, Dufon, & Hong, 1994; Watanabe, 1997; Rott, Williams & Cameron, 2002; Rott & Williams, 2003; Rott, 2005) have examined the effectiveness of several techniques to promote incidental vocabulary learning through reading, such as glossing (i.e., providing the meaning of obscure words in the margins of a text). Because texts provide learners with a rich input where lexical items are highly contextualized, the addition of some kind of lexical intervention might further nurture lexical development. However, studies investigating the effectiveness of different lexical intervention tasks during reading have led to conflicting results (e.g., Hulstijn, 1992; Watanabe, 1997). According to the Involvement Load Hypothesis proposed by Laufer and Hulstijn (2001), incidental tasks that trigger need, search and evaluation of the meaning of unfamiliar words will lead to higher vocabulary learning than those which do not trigger such processes. The notion of 'involvement load' includes both motivational (e.g., need) and cognitive components (e.g., search and evaluation). The researchers state that incidental tasks with a higher degree of involvement load are more conducive to the type of processing that is deemed crucial for learning. This hypothesis has important pedagogical implications, since it allows us to manipulate task features and predict what tasks will be more effective. However, more empirical evidence is needed in order to support it. In the present study, I interpret 'incidental learning' as a learning condition in which learners are processing language for meaning rather than for form (i.e., their goal is text comprehension rather than vocabulary learning) and unintentionally learn targeted forms and/or their meanings (Hulstijn, 2001; Robinson, 2002). Within this framework, learners may or may not pay attention to words and become aware of them while they are reading for meaning. Therefore, the notion of incidental learning is distinct from the notion of implicit learning, which takes place outside of awareness. While implicit learning can be incidental only, explicit learning can be both intentional and incidental. This view is different from others, where incidental learning is considered to occur when the object of learning is not the focus of attention (cf. Gass, 1999, for a discussion on different views of incidental vocabulary learning). Most studies that are premised on the role of involvement, attention and depth of processing in incidental vocabulary learning (Watanabe, 1997; Hulstijn & Laufer, 2001) have rarely employed process measures, such as think-aloud protocols. While attempts to measure different levels of language processing and awareness have been made in cognitive psychology and other areas of SLA, this task still needs to be undertaken in studies on incidental vocabulary learning. Moreover, many of these studies assume that learning will be incidental if learners are not instructed to learn the targeted words. However, in most cases no attempt is made to ensure that learners do not expect a vocabulary test and do not intend to learn the targeted words. Finally, while studies on intentional L2 vocabulary learning have showed that type of word – such as concrete vs. abstract nounsmight have an effect on vocabulary learning (De Groot & Keijzer, 2000), this issue remains mainly unexplored in the incidental vocabulary learning strand. The present study sought to investigate, within an attentional framework, the effect of three tasks with different degrees of involvement load on incidental L2 vocabulary development and text comprehension. In addition, it investigated different levels of awareness induced by the tasks, and addressed type of item ―concrete vs. abstract nouns― as a potential variable affecting incidental vocabulary development.


Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) provides a new communication channel between human and the computer. We develop an assistive system based on block scanning techniques using eye blinks that presents a hands-free interface between human and computer for people with motor impairments. The developed system has been tested by 12 users who performed 10 common in computer tasks using eye blinks with scanning time 1.0 second. The performance of the proposed system has been evaluated by selection time, selection accuracy, false alarm rate and average success rate. The success rate has found 98.1%.


At present, a plethora of techniques is available to study molecular systems and chemical reactions. In this light, ab initio many body techniques enable us, without any experimental input, to compute molecular energetics and a whole range of chemical properties. A twofold classification can be made, separating wave function based methods (such as Hartree-Fock) from density functional theory (DFT). In this thesis, the focus mainly lies on the density functional method, both from a conceptual as computational viewpoint - for the latter, one of the reasons being its excellent cost-to-performance ratio. The formulation of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems in 1964 provided the starting point for the fast development of fundamental DFT, yielding all basic ingredients for a complete many-body theory. In a next step, Kohn and Sham introduced orbitals within the formalism, paving the way to a breakthrough of DFT as an important computational tool within modern chemistry. In addition to these developments, much attention has been paid to the insights DFT can give into chemical reactivity. In particular, the density functional methodology provides an excellent framework to define a variety of well-known chemical concepts.

In this thesis, the applicability of several fundamental DFT-based reactivity indicators has been tested for a variety of reactions occurring in diverse domains of chemistry. The chemical potential, global hardness and global softness are used to discuss the reactive behavior of one single molecule or a set of related molecules, providing reactivity sequences for the latter. The Fukui function is used as an intra-molecular descriptor, whereas the local softness can provide inter-molecular reactivity information about regio selectivity. In order to test the usefulness of the aforementioned properties, they are usually used in conjunction with well-known chemical principles such as the electronegativity equalization, the principle of maximum hardness and the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle. A validation of the results is obtained through comparison with ab initio thermodynamic and kinetic data. In general, DFT-based concepts have proven to be of great use in the interpretation of a variety of experimental and theoretical results. It remains nevertheless challenging to make predictions about their success or failure for specific types of interactions. In order to rely on the indicators as independent and/or predictive tools for the description of chemical reactivity, there is need for practical guidelines describing which indicators are suitable for a certain problem. The descriptors probe electronic interactions, however it is clear that they do not monitor other effects, such as steric contributions. Whenever the indicators are tested, their limitations must a priori be kept in mind. For instance, some of the reactions studied in this work exhibit high reaction barriers due to large steric hindrance effects between the two reactants and thus, the indicators are not expected to be successful.

The largest group of applications concerns radical reactions. The majority of them occur during the formation of coke, which is a side process of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons. Radical systems are particularly interesting and challenging. However so far only a handful of papers examined and discussed their behavior using reactivity descriptors. In the specific case of hydrogen abstraction reactions at polyaromatic species by a methyl radical, accurate, reliable and yet affordable thermodynamic and kinetic data have been obtained. Other studied bimolecular radical reactions are addition reactions of radicals to small olefins and the initiation and first propagation steps within the polymerization process of polyethylene and poly(vinylchloride). Overall, it can be concluded that the radical Fukui function is capable of indicating the preferred site of reaction. This clearly indicates the importance of frontier orbital effects for this specific type of interaction. The local HSAB principle was also successfully applied, leading to correct reactivity sequences when related molecules were compared with each other. Hence the local softness is a suitable indicator for studying bimolecular radical reactions. This is in accordance with earlier suggestions and with the categorization of Klopman, as the larger radicals are characterized by high global softness values. Whereas the local viewpoint leads to satisfactory results, the global HSAB principle fails for some specific bimolecular radical reactions and is therefore not recommended. In addition to these bimolecular reactions, two examples of unimolecular radical cyclization reactions have also been studied. For these reactions, the Fukui function is used to describe the intra-molecular regio selectivity. However, the correct site of cyclization could not be indicated. Since these reactions correspond to a constrained charge transfer - the spin number remains constant, whereas the total number of electrons changes at a local level - the spin-polarized reactivity descriptors, and in particular the spin-polarized Fukui function has been tested and indeed, its usefulness is demonstrated.

A second group of studied bimolecular reactions correspond to typical reactions occurring within zeolite catalysis. The small probe molecules are characterized as hard systems, and both polar and apolar representatives were chosen. The zeolite catalyst was modelled by a small 5-tetrahedral cluster, and in addition to the traditional oxygen-bridged cluster the influence of amine substitution was tested. These reactions were difficult to describe using DFT-based reactivity descriptors. The global HSAB principle fails for the interactions with the polar molecules, as in these cases polarization effects - which are not included in the purely electron transfer process - are dominant. In contrast, the reactions between the zeolite clusters and the apolar molecules do follow the HSAB rule. From a local point of view, the complex mechanism of these concerted reactions, occurring simultaneously at the acid and basic site of the zeolite framework, could not be specified based on local descriptors. Multiple-site interactions in general remain a domain for further research. In addition, the local hardness might be more suitable to describe interactions with hard molecules, although at present the calculations remain troublesome and no
practical scheme is presented yet.

A final application concerns a unimolecular ionic cyclization reaction leading to the formation of a four-membered beta-lactam ring. This is an example in which competing pathways can take place because the formation of the more stable six-membered ring, instead of the strained four-membered ring, is initially expected. The anion reactant is a very soft species and the traditional local indicator, i. e. the Fukui function, succeeds in correctly predicting the preferred reaction path. Therefore the indicator adds to the unravelling of the origin of the experimentally observed cyclization preference. Moreover, extension to bimolecular reactions using this anion reactant also revealed the successful applicability of the local softness, as also these results were in correspondence with reaction barriers obtained at 0 Kelvin.

In this thesis, one of the main advantages of using reactivity descriptors was accentuated, in particular their low computational cost. Not only do they solely require information from the reactants, but it was furthermore demonstrated that reactivity sequences are mainly independent of the level of theory used for geometry optimizations as well as for single-point energy calculations. An extended set of theoretical procedures, ranging from simple ab initio methods such as Hartree-Fock, over a very popular and successful functional, to the latest class of highly promising methods. The observation of level-of-theory independency for the calculation of the global descriptors is highly reassuring and adds to the reliability of DFT-based reactivity indicators. It must however be emphasized that overall the perturbative approach should be used complementary to information obtained from thermodynamics and kinetics.


Background: The aim was to determine whether oral route of maternal hydration was advantageous over intravenous route in terms of increasing AFI and improving maternal and perinatal outcome in women having borderline oligohydramnios.Methods: At Aarogya hospital, 150 women in third trimester with borderline oligohydramnios (BO) AFI 5.1-8 cm, were divided randomly into two groups, oral hydration group (OG) and intravenous hydration (IVG). Each case was studied on OPD basis. After 2 hours, 48 hours and 1 week of oral or IV hydration. AFI was reassessed by same sonographer. Pre-delivery AFI and various outcome measures were recorded for both groups.Results: There was an increase in AFI by 44.5% in OG from 0 hour till delivery as compared to 30.7% increase in IVG. MSL occurred in 8 (10.7%) women in OG compared to 17 (22.6%) in IVG. FD was found in 4 (5.3%) in OG requiring LSCS compared to 16 (21.3%) in IVG. Total of 59 (78.7%) patients in OG has spontaneous vaginal delivery as compared to 42 (56%) in IVG. Perinatal outcome was better with OG than IVG 67 (89%) had Apgar at 1 min >8 in OG than 58 (77%) in IVG. Apgar score <8 at 1 min was seen in 8 (10.7%) in OG while 17 (22.7 %) in IVG. Overall, 7 (9.3%) required NICU admission in OG and 12 (16%) in IVG.Conclusions: AFI increment persisted longer in OG as compared to IVG. Maternal and perinatal outcome were better with oral hydration therapy than IV hydration.


An energy-saving smart key device and a smart mode operating method using the same are provided to minimize battery consumption of a key fob, and electronic wave pollution. An energy-saving smart key device comprises a portable key fob. The key fob includes a main body, a key input part(120) decoding key value conforming to ID(Identification) of a main control box; a display part(130) displaying the key value on the screen; a demux unit(140) transmitting specific function code into a key fob control part(160); an LF(Low Frequency) part(150) for driving the key fob, transmitting the ID signal and a wakeup signal for driving a key fob into the key fob control part; a key fob control part outputting an RF ID signal and a smart operation mode signal into the main control box unit and encoding the specific function code through a security encoder unit(170); a security encoder unit encoding the RF ID signal and a smart operation mode signal; and an RF unit(180) outputting an RF ID signal and a smart operation mode signal.


The present invention provides a glass-ceramic material having SiO 2, Such material has good mechanical strength, in particular have a good resistance to scratching propagation, to achieve improved quenching. It said material further comprises a pleasant aesthetic appearance. .FIELD 1


The paper deals with error control proceduresbased on repetitions necessary for an ATM air interface,which enables a full integration of wireless (W) ATMterminals into a fixed ATM network. The architecture and functionality of an additional LLC layer atthe air interface are explained. A set of ARQ protocolsfor the different ATM service classes is investigated.The protocol for VBR services is able to control the number of retransmissions depending on therequirements on maximum delay and residual cell lossratio. It also takes into account instantaneousconditions such as channel load from other sources.Furthermore, the protocol is able to discard ATM cells toavoid and resolve congestion. The performance of theprotocol has been evaluated by simulations.


Main results Information provision and education: 1 RCT showed that an information leaflet increased patients' knowledge about their illness and prognosis at follow up but not their knowledge about services and benefits. 2 RCTs showed that information booklets did not increase patients' social activities, knowledge about their illness, or satisfaction with care. 1 RCT supplemented an information pack with a 1 hour visit from a nurse, which led to a decrease in depression scores at 6 months but had no effect on anxiety or caregiver outcomes. A 2 hour education programme during the first month after stroke improved caregiver knowledge of stroke and several aspects of family coping. Leisure therapy: 1 RCT found that 5 visits (7 h total) ≥ 1 year after stroke led to an increased frequency and duration of leisure activities. 1 RCT found no effect for 5 visits shortly after hospital discharge, but the comparison group received a similar amount of contact, which may have confounded results. Support workers: a stroke family care worker who helped to identify and fulfil unmet patient and carer needs led to small differences between the treatment and control group. Improvements in social adjustment, depression, and helplessness were seen in patients in the control group, whereas service satisfaction was greater in patients in the treatment group. Carers in the treatment group had improved mood and greater service satisfaction than those in the control group. 1 RCT evaluated an intervention in which nurses visited patients and carers at home to provide support and help with problem solving. Groups did not differ for mood or social activities in patients or caregivers. Mildly disabled patients showed a modest improvement in social activities. Caregivers reported improved support, and they valued the service. 2 RCTs evaluated contact with a single social worker; 1 RCT found no effect on independence or social function, and the other RCT found a high level of patient satisfaction with the social work service but no effect on patient or carer mood. Counselling: in 1 RCT, cognitive behaviour therapy (in addition to educational classes) improved patients' adjustment to stroke. The use of Egan's problem solving approach in ≤ 7 sessions led to a decrease in depression scores of patient and carers but mood did not differ otherwise (1 RCT). 1 RCT attempted to study the improvement of social networks but both groups had preexisting robust social networks and no difference between groups was seen.


Purpose Long-term clinical and radiographic results and survival rates were compared between closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTOs) and fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in ...


1) O b j e c t i v e s: To evaluate the association of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders with job demand-control and effort-reward related job stress. M e t h o d s: Questionnaires concerning symptoms, psychosocial factors and work conditions were completed by 436 workers from a refrigerator assembly line, mobile phone assembly line, and an office, musculoskeletal conditions of the upper extremities were defined by the frequen - cy, duration, and intensity of symptoms. A walk-through survey was performed to evaluate var - ious physical work factors. Data were analyzed with the use of logistic regression. Results: A total of 382 workers completed the survey, for whom neck and shoulder symp - toms were the most frequently reported, followed by finger and wrist, and then elbow symp - toms. Both awkward working posture and forceful exertion were associated with an increase in shoulder/neck and finger/wrist symptoms. In addition, job stress factors such as monotony, low job clarity, low job control, low promotion prospect, economic issues, and retirement pressures were associated with increased neck/shoulder, elbow, and finger/wrist conditions. Women were more likely to report symptoms, and the association between musculoskeletal conditions and job stress factors was stronger in female assembly line workers and office workers than in male assembly line workers. Conclusions: The results suggest that musculoskeletal conditions of the upper extremities are associated with not only physical work factors but also job stress factors. In particular, econom - ic issues and career development factors are important influences on workers in Korea.


Certain rainfall mobilized micropollutants have been found in relevant concentrations in various water bodies across Switzerland. To distinguish contributions by sewage treatment plants and combined sewer overflows, extensive and expensive measurement campaigns would be necessary. Indicators could be used to optimize such campaigns if they are able to give a sound estimate of the local emission. In this framework a dynamic substance flow analysis was carried out. It is able to use information on land-use to calculate the loads discharged via combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The overall model results show, that combined sewer overflow emissions of urban areas are an important contribution to the pollutant load in surface waters. Especially for pollutants washed off from impervious areas, such as roofs or facades, loads were estimated to be in the same range as the loads discharged towards the sewage treatment plants. E.g. for Mecroprop, which originates primarily from buildings and gardens, it was found, that CSOs are a major contributor to urban emissions. Referring to the load entering the sewer more than 70% of the load from buildings and more than 60% of the load originating from gardens leave the sewer systems via CSOs. Furthermore, the results showed that size of the population indicates the emission of Triclosan and Copper while the impervious area is an indicator for the release of Mecoprop and Glyphosat.


Let A = (a^fc) be a 3-dimensional matrix of order n. The permanent of A is defined by n peiA= 22 Qa«r(i)f(t)> &,TÇ:Sn i=l where S" is the symmetric group on {1, 2,..., n). Suppose that A is a (0,1)matrix and that r¿ = }.. . aijk for i = 1,2,..., n. In this paper it is shown that per A < ij.«=l r»'1 ' ^ similar bound is then obtained for a second function, the 2-permanent of a 3-dimensional matrix, that is another analogue of the permanent of an ordinary (2-dimensional) matrix.


In this poster, we will present methods for generation of Bessel-Gaussian beams with higher order orbital angular momentum (OAM) for secure point to point links at terahertz frequencies. We investigate the methods for generating the spiral and radially phased excitations and their relation to the far-field beams generated using the method. The work describes the typical aperture sizes, methods of beam control and beam width related features that can be achieved.


Among the Ni-based catalysts studied for CO2 activation reactions, NixMg1–xO solid solutions present advantageous characteristics, mainly linked with the homogeneous distribution of the Ni species ...


ABSTRACT This article presents a hypothetical case of the legal issues a physician must consider when moving to a new medical practice, such as the enforceability of a noncompete clause, malpractice insurance, communicating this change in practice to existing patients, and custody of medical records.


Caring is identified as an integral part of nursing practice and education. Care is the essence and central significance of nursing profession. The care has been postulated to be an essential human need for the full development, health maintenance and survival of human beings Leningrad [1]. It is evident that caring has broad term and it reflects person's attitude and behavior towards patient. Role modeling plays a very important role and it is very important how faculty carry themselves on clinical. Students copy the same behavior which faculty actually performs. Role modeling influenced a lot on clinical learning environment and on the development of competence. Clunking, Sawasdisingha, Viseskul, Funashima, Kameoka, Nomoto & Nakayama. JOJ Nursing & Health Care How to cite this article: Shirin Badruddin. Caring and Role Modelling the Essence of Nursing . JOJ Nurse Health Care. 2018; 7(1): 555701. DOI: 10.19080/JOJNHC.2018.07.555701 002 In other words, teacher and students are like partner in students learning process. Nursing text books have also stressed that attributes of nurse should be those of dedication, kindness, compassion, patience, trust worthiness, self-control, discretion, humility and respect Bradshaw [4]. Professional nursing behaviors are highly dependent on teaching and learning transactions that occur in the academic setting which are eventually transferred and honored in clinical practice environments. Caring in nursing education is multidimensional concept expressed through interactions among the nursing faculty, between the faculty and nursing students Chinn & Watson [5]. Nursing students are required to develop attitudes, beliefs and values that are central to nurturing and caring perspective of nursing Brown [6]. Nursing education integrates three domains of learning such as cognitive, psychomotor and affective to enhance the graduate's knowledge and skills for competent practice and attitudes that promote humanistic caring with patients Brown [6]. Many nursing curriculum include teaching and learning strategies that support critical reflection and gradual identification of caring. Role playing, reflection papers, case studies, clinical simulations have the potential for maintaining the focus on caring Brown [6]. Combination of Art and Science in Nursing The researchers believe that art of nursing and science of nursing are mutually important to nursing practice and embrace the importance of a caring relationship in all nursing relationships Waigner & Whaite. Leninger has emphasized both humanistic and scientific approach in nursing education Chinn & Watson [5]. In relation to this context, previously people from science and arts background were given admissions in nursing. Currently, the students from science background are giving permission to acquire nursing education. Some people view that students from arts have humanistic approach and are better able to provide caring attitude as compared to students from science background. Others have opinion that caring starts from home and we learn caring, respect and basic values from home or society before entering into nursing profession. Some have assumptions that caring is changing. Previously, mothers were taking care of their children and now they are giving their children to baby sitters. In this way, nurses caring will not be same for the patient and will see a change. I think it is a biggest challenge for nurse educators how to instill caring attitude among student or teach them caring behavior. With this changing world, whether we should change our caring. I have learnt that caring is caring and is innate. Form of caring can be changed but the essence of caring can't be changed. Conceptual Framework: Quality-Caring Model for Educational Program Evaluation The quality caring model for educational program evaluation is proposed by Duffy and Hoskins in 2003. This model is dynamic and evidence based. In this model, the structure component includes characteristics of faculty, students and the educational system. Concepts and sub concepts included in this component may directly or indirectly influence educational outcomes. The process component includes the two essential caring relationships that comprise the work of nursing faculty. The independent relationship between students and faculty members carry out in partnership with students during the learning process. The third major component of the model outcomes shows the end result of the educational process. Two forms of outcomes are obvious. Intermediate outcomes represent a change in student's behaviors, emotions or knowledge while terminal outcomes are those major end result concepts that affect the future of a program such as satisfaction, personal growth, specific student learning outcomes and resource use are examples. The major proposition of the model is that relationships characterized by caring among teachers and students contribute to positive educational outcomes. Moreover, the structure-process-outcomes components are a function of time and circumstance and are not simply a linear chain of events Duffy & Hoskins [7]. A New Approach to Teaching Caring in Nursing Nursing education needs to do more than provide students with the knowledge and skills. It should provide students with the self-confidence necessary to challenge the existing system and to practice nursing from a caring perspective Bevis and Watson [3]. Bevis and Watson further stressed that connectedness are essential to human problem solving and the discovery of knowledge. It is important to identify the definition of teacher student relationship in nursing education. The nature of caring relationship is consistent and the roles are determined. In caring curriculum, knowledge of particular subject is taught and students are given more importance than the knowledge. Students are not punished if they failed to receive grades according to standards. They are facilitated to reevaluate themselves and assist in selecting realistic educational objectives Nodding [8]. Identifies four teaching elements: modeling, dialogue, practice and confirmation that facilitate the development of a caring and can be used among students.


Extraction of total RNA is the basis of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,Nothern hybridization analysis,cDNA library creation and other molecular biology research.The status quo of extraction methods for bacterial total RNA in China and abroad was summarized;the common problems in the extraction process were analyzed and its development prospects were brief introduced.


5012 Background: Clusterin is a cytoprotective chaperone protein associated with CRPC progression. OGX is a 2'-methoxyethyl antisense that potentiates chemotherapy in xenografts and inhibits clusterin expression at doses of <640 mg.

METHODS
Pts with CRPC and chemo-naive received docetaxel (DOC) 75mg/m2 q3w + OGX 640mg IV weekly + prednisone (Arm A) or DOC + prednisone (Arm B) in a single stage randomized phase II design. Primary endpoint was PSA response rate (RR). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were secondary endpoints. Planned sample size was 40/arm: Arm A the hypotheses (PSA RR<40% vs. >60%) could be tested at 10% β and 10% α, Arm B the true PSA RR could be estimated with half-width of the 90% CI<13% if PSA RR=40%.

RESULTS
82 pts (41 Arm A, 41 Arm B) were randomized from 09/05-12/06. At this analysis time, all pts are off therapy and 49 have died. One pt was ineligible but included in ITT survival analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar: median age 69 (49-87), PSA >100 μg/L in 51%, Hgb ≥100 g/L in 98%, alk phos >ULN in 44%, LDH >ULN in 36%, ECOG performance status (PS) 0:1 in 51%:49%, bone/lymph node/visceral metastases in 69%/50%/28%. Median cycles for Arm A and B was 9 and 7. Adverse events associated with OGX included fatigue, fever, rigors, diarrhea and rash. Mean serum clusterin change on day 1 cycle 2 was -18% in Arm A and +8% in Arm B (p = 0.0005). PSA RR was 58% (Arm A) and 54% (Arm B). PSA declines at 12 weeks of any/>30%/>50% was observed in 87%/65%/45% (Arm A) and 68%/58%/34% (Arm B). PSA/objective disease progression as best response occurred in 0%/4% (Arm A), and 3%/17% (Arm B). PFS for Arms A and B was 7.3 (5.3-8.8) and 6.1 months (3.7-8.6). Median OS for Arms A and B was 27.5 (19.2-∞) and 16.9 months (12.7-26.0) (unadjusted HR = 0.60 [0.34-1.06], p = 0.07). Variables predictive of OS on multivariate analysis: PS 0 vs 1 (p = 0.0002), presence of visceral metastasis (p = 0.006) and treatment assignment (HR = 0.54 [0.29-0.97], p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
The PSA RR in both arms met criterion for further study. OGX reduced serum clusterin and OS appears superior with DOC/OGX. This combination warrants further evaluation. Supported by a grant from the NCI-Canada/Canadian Cancer Society. [Table: see text].


In the article the logic analysis of the «correctness» metaconcept is carried out, the main components of criteria-corrective competences are considered, the pattern of criteria-corrective mathematical training is constructed and on the basis of the pedagogical interaction development system theory the diagnostic framework is worked out. It is proved that effective ways of criteria-corrective competences formation are intersubject integrated modules.


An organic chemical accelerant was added into the mixed solution during the in situ polymerization process of conductive polymer 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). The conductivity change of PEDOT films was measured by four-probe technique. Morphology images of films were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results showed that higher conductivity PEDOT films (about 120S/cm) was obtained after molar ratio of 0.05-0.15% accelerant was added into solution and high quality PEDOT films was obtained. We suggested that the accelerant changed polymerization speed of PEDOT and longer conjugated chain was formed and PEDOT films had better orientation. Furthermore, the decomposition temperature of PEDOT was influenced by accelerant. About 40 /spl deg/C change of decomposition temperature was observed by thermogravimetry (TG). The explanation of advantage of lower decomposition temperature of PEDOT was also included in this paper.


This paper presents a geocast technique for underwater sensor networks. The model named as Routing and Multicast Tree based Geocasting (RMTG) (TRACE'10, Bhopal, India, 2010; ICWET'10, Mumbai, India, 2010) has been designed for underwater sensor networks. In our previous work (TRACE'10, Bhopal, India, 2010; ICWET'10, Mumbai, India, 2010) we proposed only a theoretical model for underwater geocasting. The RMTG technique uses greedy forwarding and previous hop handshaking to route the packets towards the geocast region and further disseminates the data within the geocast region by creating a multicast shortest path tree. We also presented various link broken scenarios along with their solutions. The proposed model does not use the flooding technique to deliver the packets inside the geocast region that is used in most of the geocasting techniques. In this paper, we present the simulated RMTG model. The simulation results show that the proposed model provides an efficient distribution of data in the geocast region in terms of node mobility handling, packet delivery ratio and a better end‐to‐end latency. Most of the work on geocasting has been done for mobile and vehicular ad hoc networks; hence we present in this paper a novel simulated model for underwater environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


During the past year we have been working with the HESSI (High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager) team in preparation for launch in early 2001. HESSI has as its primary scientific goal photometric imaging and spectroscopy of solar flares in hard X-rays and gamma-rays with an approx. 2 sec angular resolution, approx. keV energy resolution and approx. 2 s time resolution over the 6 keV to 15 MeV energy range. We have performed tests of the imager using a specially designed experiment which exploits the second-harmonic response of HESSI's sub-collimators to an artificial X-ray source at a distance of 1550 cm from its front grids. Figures show the response to X-rays at energies in the range where HESSI is expected to image solar flares. To prepare the team and the solar user community for imaging flares with HESSI, we have written a description of the major imaging concepts. This paper will be submitted for publication in a referred journal.


This paper is concerned with an optimum shape design for beams subjected to a moving load by using the fuzzy inference. The displacements of beams are minimized by the procedure which applies the fuzzy inference to the optimization algorithm. The results of optimum shape beams are obtained for various velocities of a moving load, and compared with those optimized by using the penalty function method.


The aim of the present study is to find out the influences of isolated probiotics on total non essential amino acid content of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. The experiment was carried out in three earthen ponds for three months. Pond A is control (without probiotics), Pond B is experimental I (with single probiotic Bacillus spp.) and Pond C is experimental II (with two probiotics Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp). The total non essential amino acid content was analyzed at the end of 30, 60 and 90 day of an experimental period. The total non essential amino acid was found to be significantly increased in Experimental group II (Pond C) than the experimental group I (Pond B) and Control group (Pond A).


We study $B_{1g}$ Raman intensity $R(\Omega)$ and the density of states $N(\omega)$ in isotropic 2D d-wave superconductors. For an ideal gas, $R(\Omega)$ and $N(\omega)$ have sharp peaks at $\Omega =2\Delta$ and $\omega =\Delta$, respectively, where $\Delta$ is the maximum value of the gap.
We study how the peak positions are affected by the fermionic damping due to impurity scattering.
We show that while the damping generally shifts the peak positions to larger frequencies, the peak in $R(\Omega)$ still occurs at almost twice the peak position in $N(\omega)$ and therefore cannot account for the experimentally observed downturn shift of the peak frequency in $R(\Omega)$ in underdoped cuprates compared to twice that in $N(\omega)$. We also discuss how the fermionic damping affects the dynamical spin susceptibility.


Collocation of fertilizer and seedling density on yield and protein content of malt barley were studied under two irrigation frequencies in the year of 2012 and 2013. The results showed that the yield of high fertilization treatment( F4) were higher than CK( F1) by more than 60% for both irrigation frequencies. The protein content was increased significantly with the increase of fertilizer input. All the protein contents of F1,F2 and F3 had met with the national standard for good quality brewings. Seedling density did not show significant influence on yield and protein content. Based on the analysis the interaction between fertilizer input and seedling density,it showed that the yield of combination F3M2 always located in the first four in all combinations and at this combination its protein content was always in choiceness. The yield of irrigation once( S1) was always higher than twice( S2) under the same combinations of fertilizer input and seedling density. Considering the ecological,economic,and its brewing value,it was suggested that irrigation once in the whole growth period,fertilizer input at 180 kg / hm2 and seedling density at 6 million strains per hectare for Gan Pi 7 was recommanded.


Fashion would not only serves as a body covering , but fashion can also be a medium of entertainment and media promotion. Carnival fashion is one of fashion show demonstrating costumes creation that unique and interesting. To design costumes unique creation and aesthetic is it takes costume designers. Costume desaigner is a designer who designed fashion special used in special occasions as parade fashion, carnival fashion and costume party. Knowledge and skills to be costume designer can be learned in learning design costumes creation in lecture design projects vogue in course of study of fashion PKK FPTK UPI. The purpose of this research is to obtain data benefits of study result of the costume design creation as readiness become costume designers. Methods used in this research is a method of descriptive with an instrument shaped gatherer poll data. he population in this research is a student of education fashion choice management package design fashion 2012-2013. The results of the study showed that of learning design costumes creation the majority of respondents know of the benefits of study results design costumes creation as readiness be costume designer. The results of research is expected can be used as the information and additional knowledge of knowledge within the fashion management section especially in developing knowledge and skill in designing costumes creation , making costumes creation in accordance with the characteristics of a costume which is raised and can dig the potential that exists on a student.


This article offers an over view of lung development, physiology, and evaluation of lung damage due to aspiration. Considerations specific to pediatric patients are discussed.


Age-at-arrival is a key predictor of many immigrant outcomes, but discussion continues over how to best measure and study its effects. This research replicates and extends a pioneering study by Myers, Gao, and Emeka [International Migration Review (2009) 43:205–229] on age-at-arrival effects among Mexican immigrants in the U.S. to see if similar results hold for other immigrant groups and in other countries. We examine data from the 2000 U.S. census and 2006 American Community Survey, and 1991, 2001, and 2006 Canadian censuses to assess several measures of age-at-arrival effects on Asian immigrants' socioeconomic outcomes. We confirm several of Myers et al.'s key findings, including the absence of clear breakpoints in age-at-arrival effects for all outcomes and the superiority of continuous measures of age-at-arrival. Additional analysis reveals different age-at-arrival effects by gender and Asian ethnicity. We suggest guidelines, supplementing those offered by Myers et al., for measuring and studying age-at-arrival's effects on immigrant outcomes.


study radiation convective fluid flow with chemical reaction. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using perturbation technique. The effects of velocity, temperature and concentration are studied for different parameters such as Grashof number, chemical reaction number, Prandtl number, Mass Grashof number and Radiative parameter. It is observed that the velocity increases with increasing Grashof number Gr, Magnetohydrodynamic number M, Perturbation parameter


Content analysis is a widely utilized technique by researchers on mass media. Generally, researchers in quantitative content analysis rely on several coders to enter the data. A key question they face is whether it is possible to assure that the coders' decisions are consistent across the analysis. It is expected for different people to have different interpretations of the texts, which threatens the reliability of the obtained results and the study's conclusions. In order to avoid this threat, researchers must evaluate and report intercoder agreement. In this


: The main objective of the study is to examine the financial performance by describing the financial measures adopted by SME's in the import sector of Ghana. The study adopted a mixed method approach (that is quantitative and qualitative). The units of analysis were the members or elements of the population, and are Small and Medium Enterprises in the import Sector of Ghana. It was revealed that, poor accounting records keeping is a major challenge to the management SMEs, lack the resources to manage their trade debtors (receivables) effectively, lack proper debt procedures, such as prompt invoicing and sending out regular statements, lack of market power which leads to weak position when negotiating credit terms with large businesses, lack of financial management skills which often create problems in managing stock in an efficient and effective way was also revealed by majority of the respondents as a major problem. The study found that most of the SMEs used financial ratios to measure their financial performance, but to a very limited extent. Very few ratios were used by individual SMEs and most of the ratios used were not the best indicators as mentioned in the literature. The study is the first of its kind as it concentrates on import sector SMEs in Ghana.


Full-System simulators remain essential tools to quickly design and test novel architectural ideas. This work introduces a system-level hardware modeling and simulation framework with an emphasis on ease of use. It is entirely based on Python to improve developer productivity. At the same time, meta-tracing JIT compilation techniques are used to improve simulation speed without losing timing accuracy. The proposed framework supports modeling components ranging from cycle-accurate to purely functional. The simulation engine combines time-driven simulation with transaction-level modeling to allow for precise timing estimates without compromising simulation speed. The engine also supports multi-threaded execution for multi-master systems.


A positive correlation was found between the stability of a learned discrimination and increased cage size in canaries. In the smaller cages, the canaries failed to achieve criterion for a simple discrimination problem, while in a cage four times as large, the same canaries immediately achieved a criterion level performance. A fruitful use of operant conditioning methods requires consideration of the features of the environment important to the animal.


This article addresses the still-perplexing question, as put by historian Andrew Ludányi: "Why were [Hungarians] punished the most severely by the Entente?" It does so by contextualizing Viscount Joseph de Fontenay's influence on Hungary's fate before, during, and after World War I. Events while Fontenay was French consul to Hungary (1906–1912) embittered him against his former Hungarian friends. He expressed his rancor in a 1920 letter to the French leader who implemented the Treaty of Versailles after Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau resigned. While in Budapest, Fontenay had founded the successful Hungarian cultural journal, Revue de Hongrie, in French, to form "a durable bond" between the two countries. Vilmos Huszár, editor-in-chief and later owner of the Revue, worked closely with Fontenay. However, historical events drove the journal's focus toward political issues and support for Austria-Hungary, France's enemy. Fontenay's involvement in shaping postwar alliances and sentiment had a negative effect on Hungary's fate. Huszár's diplomatic appointment in 1916 to counter Entente propaganda from Switzerland broadened his outlook on events, offering him unique insights that allowed him to bear witness to the devastating effects of false and misleading Entente propaganda and practices in a book of polemical essays. firstname.lastname@example.com


From 1983-1987 we studied the breeding behavior of Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) living in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. These birds were typically monogamous; at only one of 64 nests (1.6%) was polygyny documented. Reproductive behaviors performed by adult males and females were first analyzed across all mating seasons and then with respect to five consecutive nest stages (build/egg laying, incubate, brood, brood/fledge, fledge) and the outcome (success or failure) of individual nests. Adult males and females contributed unequally to the ten most frequently observed behaviors; half were performed almost exclusively by one or the other sex. Males typically fed and protected their mates and what we presumed to be their young; whereas females usually built the nest, incubated, brooded, and also fed their young. Feeding, soft calling from the perch, and fecal removal were performed relatively equally by adult males and females. The success or failure of nests was not associated with patterns of parental behavior. Our results indicate that Evening Grosbeaks formed a partnership in which they divided the effort involved in nest preparation and raising the young at the high altitude where this population was observed.


Macrophages mediate the activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 signaling and participate in inflammatory response. In our study, M1 gene-deficient mice were used to assess the effect and mechanism of specific inhibition of macrophage M1 expression on angiotensin II-induced hypertensive
 vascular remodeling. Fifty 8-week-old male Lyz2-cre M1 gene-deficient mice and 50 Cre mice were divided into control group (saline group) and experimental group (angiotensin II group) followed by HE staining, collagen or elastin staining as well as measuring wall thickness. DHE staining was
 performed to observe the density of coronary artery and aortic oxidative stress. PCR Array was used to detect cytokine changes which were then verified by RT-PCR. The changes of aortic inflammatory factors were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. IHC was to measure MIP-1α
 level. Specific inhibition of M1 expression aggravated AngII-induced hypertensive vascular remodeling; Ang II stimulation increased vascular superoxide production by aggravation of ROS; specific inhibition of macrophage M1 expression significantly up-regulated vascular inflammatory cytokines
 and the expression and activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 in vascular smooth muscle cells to aggravate vascular remodeling. Further, in vitro cell experiments showed that MIP-1α significantly up-regulated CD31 tube staining. M1 is involved in AngII-induced hypertensive vascular
 remodeling by mediating the release of macrophage inflammatory factor MIP-1α/CCL3.


Two fundamental problems in machine learning are recognition and generation. Apart from the tremendous amount of research efforts devoted to these two problems individually, finding the association between them has attracted increasingly more attention recently. Symbol-Concept Association Network (SCAN) is one of the most popular models for this problem proposed by Google DeepMind lately, which integrates an unsupervised concept abstraction process and a supervised symbol-concept association process. Despite the outstanding performance of this deep neural network, interpreting and evaluating it remain challenging. Guided by the practical needs from deep learning experts, this paper proposes a visual analytics attempt, i.e., SCANViz, to address this challenge in the visual domain. Specifically, SCANViz evaluates the performance of SCAN through its power of recognition and generation, facilitates the exploration of the latent space derived from both the unsupervised extraction and supervised association processes, empowers interactive training of SCAN to interpret the model's understanding on a particular visual concept. Through concrete case studies with multiple deep learning experts, we validate the effectiveness of SCANViz.


In this work, the concept of a convolution product of real-valued functions on the special Euclidean group, SE(D) (which describes all rigid body motions in D-dimensional Euclidean space), is applied to the determination of workspaces of discretely actuated manipulators. These manipulators have a finite number of joint states. If a discretely actuated manipulator consists of P actuated modules, each with K states, then it can reach K/sup p/ frames in space. Given this exponential growth in the number of reachable frames, brute force representation of discretely actuated manipulator workspaces is not feasible in the highly actuated case. However, by partitioning a discretely actuated manipulator into P modules, and approximating the workspace of each module as a density function on a compact subset of the special Euclidean group, the whole workspace can be approximated as an P-fold convolution of these densities. A numerical approximation of this convolution is presented in this paper which is O(P) for fixed taskspace dimension. In the special case when the manipulator is composed of P identical actuated modules, the workspace density for the whole manipulator can be calculated in O(log P) computation time. In either case, the O(K/sup p/) computations required by brute force workspace generation are avoided.


Framing Models of Social Cognition and Schizophrenia - Patrick W. Corrigan and David L. Penn What Is Social Cognition? Four Basic Approaches and Their Implications for Schizophrenia Research - Leonard S. Newman Social Perception in Schizophrenia - Christoph Leonhard and Patrick W. Corrigan Social Cognition and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia - David L. Penn, Dennis Combs, and Somaia Mohamed Social Cognition and Delusional Beliefs - Richard Bentall Theory of Mind and Schizophrenia - Rhiannon Corcoran Do Stereotype Threats Influence Social Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia? - Patrick W. Corrigan and Kevin L. Holtzman Changing Casual Attributions - Peter Kinderman Cognitive Rehabilitation for Schizophrenia: Enhancing Social Cognition by Strengthening Neurocognitive Functioning - William D. Spaulding and Jeffrey S. Poland Cognitively Oriented Psychotherapy for Early Psychosis (COPE): Theory, Praxis, Outcomes, and Challenges - Henry J. Jackson, Patrick D. McGorry, and Jane Edwards Object Relations and Reality-Testing Deficits in Schizophrenia - Morris D. Bell What We Have Learned and Where We Must Go - David L. Penn and Patrick W. Corrigan


In the Current era of post genomics, there is an exponential growth in the area of genomics and proteomics data and hence there was a major advancement in the field of understanding the molecular mechanisms of complex diseases in humans. There raised an increase in pace to develop new technologies to diagnose the molecular signatures of complex diseases to initiate the therapy with respect to the principle of personalized medicine and hence the new era of molecular medicine laid the path for detection of disease, diagnosis of complex disorders and performing treatment with respect to the molecular profile of each and every individual.1–4 This revolution had laid the foundation for the availability and application of new and novel biomarkers to predict the behavior of disease using advanced technologies to perform rapid diagnosis and detection. The evolutions of modern therapies to target cells were based on the principles of biocomputing. In order to address the molecular profiling and diagnostics, a major challenge was raised in characterization by histologic lesions in complex disorders because those lesions are heterogeneous at the cellular and molecular levels. In cancerous tumors, malignant cells are intermixed with blood vessels, stroma, and inflammatory cells.5–8 Current technologies like Gene microarrays and Real–Time Polymerase Chain Reactions (RT– PCR) were not designed to handle the heterogeneic nature of cancer lesions and hence the development of nanotechnology provided a new opportunity to integrate morphological profile of diseased contion and molecular signatures and it is also used for correlating the observed cellular and molecular changes with respect to the behavior of pathological condition in complex disorders.9–11 In particular, the application of bio conjugated quantum dots (QDs)12–15 quantifies the presence of multiple biomarkers in intact tissue specimens and cancer cells and it allows us to conduct a comparative test between traditional histopathology V.S. molecular signatures of the same tissue.16–20 Nanotechnology is being used in the fields of molecular imaging and therapy and it can be also be used to improve the toxicity and efficacy profiles of chemotherapeutic agents because these agents can be covalently attached or encapsulated.21–23 The present major task in biomedical nanotechnology is to understand the interaction of nanoparticles with cells, organs and blood under the physiological conditions in vivo and the need to overcome their limitations with respect to their delivery to organs or diseased target sites.24–26 The next major challenge is to generate a series of critical studies to identify the clear link between biomarkers VS disease behaviors like the rate of progression in tumor and their different responses with respect to radiation, drug therapy or surgery.27 In this context, we discuss the ways and level of integration of biomarkers and bio computing with nanotechnology to perform high–throughput analysis of gene expression data. We also discuss the application of web–based bioinformatics tools for the discovery, optimization and clinical validation of biomarker.


The management and prevention of a road surface icing is one of the most important tasks in winter road. The best way is to spray salt before a road surface ices up. In order to improve this management level, it is necessary to control the prevention work by accurate assessment of the actual road situation. Moreover, reduction of the cost is also required in order to control increases in budget spending. This paper reports on the research results of meeting these demands by applying ITS technology. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143097.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related complications remain a frequent cause of hospital admissions. Pulmonary complications are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. We aimed to describe the in-hospital mortality of medical admissions with an acute HIV-associated pulmonary pathology.

This was an observational study undertaken at a tertiary care center over 12 months. Variables of interest were as follow: Diagnoses, diagnostic work-up, treatment, mortality rate, and impact of comorbidities and HIV-associated factors on mortality.

Two-hundred and seventy-two patients were studied. The mean age was 42.0 ± 10.8 years. Males constituted 62.4% of the cases. One hundred and thirty patients (47.8%) were anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naive. The median CD4 count was 76 cells/mm3. The most frequent pulmonary diagnosis was community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (212; 78%). Gram-negative pathogens were isolated in the majority of patients admitted with infectious complications. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was confirmed in only 27 (0.9%) of the cases. Significantly more female patients were on ART compared to males (P = 0.0436). Survival rates were not significantly different between the two genders (P = 0.1670). Overall, in-hospital mortality was 25.7%. CD4 counts and comorbidities were not predictive of mortality.

HIV-associated acute pulmonary disease is associated with significant mortality. A large number of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of HIV. Programs that encourage voluntary testing and treatment are likely to reduce the high number of late presentations and reduce the poor outcomes. Adherence to the South African thoracic society guideline recommended evaluation for PTB in HIV-infected patients diagnosed with CAP cannot be over-emphasized.


Fuller has elicited well-defined, well-defended arguments for the usefulness of the new computers by all agricultural economists and has described multiple applications for use in extension. His statements generally are no longer speculation but rather summarize applications which now exist, though some of them are yet in a primitive form. There is, however, a great deal left to be learned and accomplished before our roles as change agents can be fulfilled using this technology. Before the land grant system can be fully creditable in an educational leadership role in management education, it must demonstrate an ability by the field staff to teach the implementation of this technology to clientele. Equipping field offices and staffs to do this requires several steps: (a) acquisition of equipment, (b) acquisition and development of software systems, (c) training on the use of the hardware-software systems, (d) training on the underlying logic of the models contained in the software, and (e) teaching techniques and supporting aids. The acquisition of hardware and commercial software are administrative concerns of considerable magnitude which are best discussed elsewhere. "In-house" applications for such purposes as word processing, statistical analysis, updating inventories, and mailing lists are economical, practical applications which will improve labor/output ratios in our workplaces. We need concern ourselves only with the selection of the "right" software packages and train ourselves and our staffs to use them. Fuller is correct, in my opinion, in his confidence that our clientele increasingly will be using the new computers to aid themselves in decision making. Whether these machines are physically located in the farm office, in the home, in the bank, or in some new entity like a service bureau will vary, but they will be used. The proper incorporation of sound economic models into clientele software is both important and relevant to this occasion and needs serious attention by all agricultural economists as soon as possible. Leaving that function entirely to unsupervised programmers, wherever they may be, is not a satisfactory response. Economists must face up to the reality that clientele will be making decisions based on the best models they can find for the equipment available. The critical professional question is the integration of our research product into the mainstream of clientele management activity through the development and distribution of acceptable software using appropriate economics. There are risks and costs involved with any course to be chosen. These risk levels increase


The purpose of this article was to introduce dynamic meditation- Sufi whirling as a bridge into Peak-Experiences which is one of serial studies of Peak-Experiences by the author Tsuey-Mei Liang since 2004. There were 5 parts elaborated in this article. First, described the infinite power of peak-experiences. Secondly, illustrated the spirituality and procedure of Sufi whirling as dynamic meditation. Thirdly, illustrated the transformation of consciousness during the process of Sufi whirling. Fourthly, discussed the rationale of effects about the 4 practicing stages of Sufi whirling. Lastly, introduced a set of practicable procedures of Sufi whirling which could be applied in counseling and education as to improve students' and clients' Self-awareness.


In this study nanozeolite sodalite was synthesized from natural volcanic glass (perlite) as silica (Si) source and sodium aluminate as aluminium (Al) source without using any organic template. We use perlite as Si source because it is cost-effective and available source. These nanoparticles of synthesized zeolite were prepared at 170°C in stainless steel reactor with hydrothermal method. The synthesized nanozeolite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Chemical composition of perlite was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF).This nanozeolite was modified with cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMAB). In this study adsorption of cetirizine (Cet) as a model drug onto nanozeolite sodalite as a carrier of drug was investigated and Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry was used for determination of concentrations of Cet at 230 nm. Adsorption characteristics of Cet on nanozeolite sodalite were examined at different times (0-6 h) and also the analysis was carried at three pH levels 4, 5 and 6. Finally three buffered solutions with different pH (1.2, 6.8 and 7.2) were selected for release medium and the temperature was precisely controlled at 37 ± 0.1°C. Rahmani et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2016, 5(6): 55-58


In the battle of antagonizing to virus infections, it is particularly important to raise human boy's activity of autoimmunity function of the human body, to reduce its sensitivity to infectious disease and strengthen its resistance. In view of chemistry, the chemical principle and factors that affect the immune mechanism are analyzed. Strengthening autoimmunity could resist the adhering, field planting, breeding of bacteria and virus infections in human cells. The functional chemical factor with strengthening immunity can increase the organism's prophylactic power and resistance against various diseases, while maintaining self physiological balance. People can do their best to mobilize immunity system to ensure all normal cells in a "very healthy" state. If immunity system becomes stronger, the inroads of virus infections would be decreased to a minimum.


This paper explores the role of the traditional computational metaphor in our thinking as computer scientists, its influence on epistemological styles, and its implications for our understanding of cognition. It proposes to replace the conventional metaphor a sequence of steps with the notion of a community of interacting entities, and examines the ramifications of such a shift on these various ways in which we think.


Title: Reduced level of arousal and increased mortality in adult acute medical admissions: A systematic review and meta-analysis Authors: Amy Todd (firstname.lastname@example.com) Samantha Blackley (email@example.com) Jennifer Burton (firstname.lastname@example.com) David Stott (firstname.lastname@example.com) E Ely (email@example.com) Zoe Tieges (email@example.com) Alasdair MacLullich (firstname.lastname@example.com) Susan Shenkin (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 13 Oct 2017 Author's response to reviews: Response Letter


The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) of the 181 Ta nuclei have been made on 1 T -TaS 2 at 4.2 K in order to get detailed information on the superlattice structure in the commensurate charge density wave state of this material from a microscopic viewpoint. The NMR ane NQR spectra are consistent with the star-shaped cluster model inferred from diffraction experiments. Furthermore the spectra indicate that the commensurate phase of 1 T -TaS 2 has a complicated and somewhat disordered stacking of CDW layers in contrast with that of isostructural 1 T -TaSe 2 (the ordered \(\bm{c}_{0}+\bm{2a}_{0}\) stacking). On the basis of these results, we propose a new picture of the semiconductive origin of 1 T -TaS 2 , including an explanation of the quite different behaviors of the low temperature conduction between 1 T -TaS 2 and 1 T -TaSe 2 .


This chapter explores the dual-use quality of scientific research and technological development in the field of phytopathology (plant science). It offers a brief survey of naturally occurring pathogens that have been developed for use in weapons and considers areas of convergence and overlap between the hostile use of disease organisms as a form of warfare and the peaceful deployment of bio-control and plant inoculants. The relevance of bio-control agent and plant inoculant production to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) is then considered. Included in this chapter also is a snapshot of some significant developments in civil plant science, alluding to the scale and speed of progress in plant science and technology.


This article describes the process of sewage purification plant of DongGuan canal with biochemical technology,and makes a concrete analysis of the functions and structure of the distributing-center automatic control system.


Obesity‐derived body mass may be detrimental to bone health through not well‐defined mechanisms. In this study we determined changes in bone structure and serum cytokines related to bone metabolism in diet‐induced obese mice. Mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) had higher serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and leptin but lower osteocalcin concentrations than those fed the normal‐fat diet. The HFD increased multinucleated TRAP‐positive osteoclasts in bone marrow compared to the control diet. Despite being much heavier, mice fed the HFD had lower femoral bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density and higher trabecular separation than mice on the control diet. These findings suggest that obesity induced by a HFD increases bone resorption that may blunt any positive effects of increased body weight on bone.


In this paper a technique is given to recover the classical order of the method when explicit exponential Runge-Kutta methods integrate reaction-diffusion problems. Although methods of high stiff order for problems with vanishing boundary conditions can be constructed, that may imply increasing the number of stages and therefore, the computational cost seems bigger than the technique which is suggested here, which just adds some terms with information on the boundaries. Moreover, time-dependent boundary conditions are directly tackled here.


The article examines the ideological, geopolitical and international legal factors of Eurasian cooperation and reasons for the low pace of its development. As a leading barrier to the deepening of trade and economic integration of the post-Soviet countries, the desire of the post-Soviet states to prevent the restriction of national sovereignty and infringement of national economic interests is highlighted. The purpose of the study is to identify political and legal problems of deepening Eurasian cooperation and ways to eliminate them. The history of relations between Russia and Kazakhstan through the creation of a single trade and economic space is used as an empirical base that allows us to fully reveal the content of interaction between the leaders of Eurasian integration and barriers to its development. Methods: formallegal, historical-legal and comparative-legal.


Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) often do not fit the criteria for financing since self-financing is challenging due to their margins, and external finance is not always a choice because they do not always meet the standards of banks or financial markets. However, crowdfunding (CF) can help these businesses stay afloat and thrive as a new form of financial aid. MSMEs benefit from CF in terms of the level of innovation, growth potential, and financial success. Because the audience may give direct input on a product, it may be more helpful to the company than expert investors' business development recommendations. Not only can CF provide a new source of capital for innovative enterprises, but it can also provide new ideas and input, allowing the company to expand and improve its performance. This paper provides an insight into the review of CF participation from social media users based on the related Information System (IS) Theory by reviewing 50 journal articles and five articles are chosen for further evaluation. At the end of this paper, the authors note that CF could be a useful alternative financing method for Malaysian MSMEs to support the capital formation and fill funding gaps on the condition that they have support from the funders. In short, social media can have a significant positive impact on CF efforts by the MSMEs, which can assist in identifying people who genuinely support the company's idea, as well as promoting the campaign to others who could be interested in giving and providing services. The outcome of this study is to propose an integrated model that illustrates the gaps in current understanding and possible future directions for research on participation in crowdfunding.


This article discusses the development of Chinese traditional color view from "five colors", "five elements", "good luck and warding off evils", and points out that modern design should be based on the deeply understanding of the traditional color view's influences on the modern people, then we could appropriately convey the related themes through combining the products, environment and the objects.


A patient with lymphosarcoma had a VDRL test reactive at 1:256. A prozone phenomenon was also present. The nontreponemal test result was shown to be a false-positive reaction by nonreactive Treponema pallidum immobilization and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests. High-titer serologic tests for syphilis are uncommon, and prozone reactions are previously unrecorded in the false-positive reactor.


An IMC-controller is designed for nonlinear-unstable magnetic levitation ball system. A linear model is established by physical analysis way. A PD controller is used to make the system to be stable with consideration of the unstable identity,then an IMC controller is designed and transformed into an IMC-PID controller for the nominal stable system. Comparing with the control effect of IMC-PID controller with the PID controller,the IMC-PID controller has better control performance and robust. The IMC-controller was used in the real-time control,and the result demonstrated that the proposed method is effective.


SSV model is a useful research tool

In their paper (see pp 401),1 Counsell et al compare a "six simple variable" (SSV) model, which they developed for predicting outcome after stroke,2 with two other simple models and with clinical predictions of stroke outcome, and find that their model is at least as good as the other evaluated predictive systems.

Predictive models of stroke outcome may be useful in epidemiological studies and clinical trials of stroke to stratify cohorts by baseline severity, and they could also guide patient management. A multitude of predictive models already exists,3 and one might argue that yet another model …


Atomic and electronic structures of liquid and amorphous Ni81B19 and Ni80P20 alloys were simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics. Pair correlation function, bond pair analysis, electronic population analysis, and density of states were calculated. It was found that amorphous Ni81B19 and Ni80P20 alloys can be prepared by rapid quenching, and their structures are similar to those of liquid alloys. Bond pair analysis indicated that the environment of each atom in Ni81B19 system is dominated by icosahedral and distorted icosahedral inherent structures; however, in Ni80P20 system, the tetrahedral order is preponderant. Strong interactions occur between the d-electrons of Ni and the p-electrons of B (or P), which leads to the covalent interactions between Ni and B (or P) atoms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008


Teaching methods in MBA and Lifelong Learning Programmes (LLP) for managers should be topically relevant in terms of content as well as the teaching methods used. In terms of the content, the integral part of MBA and Lifelong Learning Programmes for managers should be the development of participants' leadership competencies and their understanding of current leadership concepts. The teaching methods in educational programmes for managers as adult learners should correspond to the strategy of learner-centred teaching that focuses on the participants' learning process and their active involvement in class. The focus on the participants' learning process also raises questions about whether the programme's participants perceive the teaching methods used as useful and relevant for their development as leaders.
The paper presents the results of the analysis of the responses to these questions in a sample of 54 Czech participants in the MBA programme and of lifelong learning programmes at the University of Economics, Prague. The data was acquired based on written or electronically submitted questionnaires. The data was analysed in relation to the usefulness of the teaching methods for understanding the concepts of leadership, leadership skills development as well as respondents' personal growth. The results show that the respondents most valued the methods that enabled them to get feedback, activated them throughout the programme and got them involved in discussions with others in class. Implications for managerial education practices are discussed.


In this paper we give a theoretical model of buyers' behaviour on a market for a perishable good where no prices are posted. We show that if buyers learn from their own previous experience there is a sharp division between those who learn to be loyal to certain sellers and those who continue to "shop around". This feature remains in more general models which are simulated and is consistent with empirical data from the Marseille fish market.


The oretical equations are shown for the calculation of fixed split joint impermeability taking into account contact-ing surface quality. There are given theoretical and empirical dependences for the definition of quality parameters in parts surfaces for different methods of their processing. A two-stage design-technological support of fixed split metal joint impermeability is presented.


Stress fractures are common skeletal injuries found in athletes. However it can be difficult to differentiate stress fractures from other diseases at the first examination after the onset of symptoms, and to decide the time to begin exercises.We used MRI to evaluate 15 cases of stress fratures that we had seen among 62 cases in our sports clinic over the last two years. In these cases, the clinical course was followed and the MRI findings were compared to the findings of plain radiography and bone scintigraphy. Particular emphasis was placed on investigating any factors which may be useful in differentiating stress fractures from other complaints, especially shin splints.


We have developed an apparatus for suppressing higher harmonics contained in the soft x‐ray output beam of grazing‐incidence grating monochromators. It consists of eight pairs of total‐reflection mirrors. Each pair serves as a low‐pass filter with the cutoff energy different from one another. The eight pairs are designed to cover an energy range of 80–1600 eV with an efficiency of harmonic suppression better than 97%, while transmitting more than 50% of the fundamental photons. We have tested its preliminary performance on the soft x‐ray beamline BL‐8A at the Photon Factory. We present the observed transmission efficiencies and the effects of the harmonic suppressor on measurements of reflectivity and fluorescence spectra.


Studies of the community structures of bacteria in marine aerosols of different particle sizes have not been reported. Aerosol samples were collected using a six-stage bioaerosol sampler over the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, and northwestern Pacific Ocean in the spring of 2014. The diversity and composition of these samples were investigated by Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and 130 genera were detected in all of the samples; the most abundant bacterial genus was Bacteroides, followed by Prevotella and Megamonas. The Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices ranged from 193 to 1044 and from 5.44 to 8.33, respectively. The bacterial community structure in coarse particles (diameter larger than 2.1 μm) was more complex and diverse than that in fine particles (diameter less than 2.1 μm) in marine bioaerosols from over the Yellow Sea and northwestern Pacific Ocean, while the opposite trend was observed for samples collected over the Bohai Sea. Although we were sampling over marine regions, the sources of the bioaerosols were mostly continental. Temperature and wind speed significantly influenced the bacterial communities in marine aerosols of different particle sizes. There may be a bacterial background in the atmosphere in the form of several dominant taxa, and the bacterial communities are likely mixed constantly during transmission.


The invention concerns a nasal applicator adapted to co-operate with the head (100) of a device dispensing a fluid or powder product into the nose, said head (100) being designed to be at least partially inserted into a nostril when the device is actuated. The invention is characterised in that said applicator (200) co-operates with the head (100) tip (110), said applicator (200) comprising a support (201) extending transversely to the direction in which the product is dispensed, said support (201) being adapted to rest under the nostril on the user's upper lip to define an angle for the insertion of said head (100) into the nostril.


The Chinese top, a toy propeller that hovers around when its shaft is spun between the palms, was created thousand years ago. In this paper, we present a physically based interactive simulation model for Chinese tops. Motions of Chinese tops are influenced by thrust, lift, drag and gravity forces. These four kinds of forces are computed in real time, based on the aero-dynamics equations. We expect that our works are expandable to simulate helicopter motions in virtual reality and computer games.


The effect of cosintering time on magnetoelectric (ME) behavior of Sr, La doped lead zirconate titanate multilayer–nickel zinc ferrite composites fabricated by the tape-casting method has been investigated. Powders of individual phases, viz., Pb(1 − x − 3y/2)SrxLay(Zrz,Ti(1 − z))O3 (PSLZT) and Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 (NZFO), were prepared by the solid-state reaction method, and their respective thick films were fabricated by the tape-casting method. A PSLZT multilayer having Pt inner electrodes stacked onto NZFO laminated composites was cosintered at 1060 °C for 1–10 h. Cosintered, warpage-free, and delamination-free layered composite thick film structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Microstructure at the interface could be crucial for better magnetoelectric coupling, and, hence, the microstructure of the interface was analyzed as a function of sintering time at a fixed sintering temperature. Elemental mapping revealed a negligible interdiffusion between PSLZT and NZFO phases. Composites cosintered for different time durations were analyzed for their ferroelectric behavior. Further, impedance spectrum analysis indicated clear resonance behavior for the composites cosintered for 2 and 6 h. All the composites were analyzed for magnetoelectric properties at different applied DC magnetic fields having a superimposed ac magnetic field of a fixed frequency and different ac frequencies at fixed DC magnetic fields. The magnetoelectric coefficient was found to increase with an increase in the sintering time of up to 6 h and an ME coefficient of 230 mV/cm Oe with a self-bias nature. Magnetoelectric resonance behavior was also studied, which showed an ME voltage coefficient of 6 V/cm Oe for composites sintered for 6 h at resonance.The effect of cosintering time on magnetoelectric (ME) behavior of Sr, La doped lead zirconate titanate multilayer–nickel zinc ferrite composites fabricated by the tape-casting method has been investigated. Powders of individual phases, viz., Pb(1 − x − 3y/2)SrxLay(Zrz,Ti(1 − z))O3 (PSLZT) and Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 (NZFO), were prepared by the solid-state reaction method, and their respective thick films were fabricated by the tape-casting method. A PSLZT multilayer having Pt inner electrodes stacked onto NZFO laminated composites was cosintered at 1060 °C for 1–10 h. Cosintered, warpage-free, and delamination-free layered composite thick film structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Microstructure at the interface could be crucial for better magnetoelectric coupling, and, hence, the microstructure of the interface was analyzed as a function of sintering time at a fixed sintering temperature. Elemental mapping revealed a negligible interdiffusion between PSLZT and NZFO phases. Composites cosint...


DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), it is an alternative technique to evaluate the foliar analysis of a cultivation, which uses the relations between nutrients to interpret their nutritional status. This technique compares the concentration relations of nutrients with those found in populations with maximum/optimal yielding, which are called DRIS norms. Starting with these norms, the method supplies a method to order nutrient relations in expressions called DRIS indexes. Those indexes let us to classify the production factors by their relative significance. This technique uses leaf diagnosis independently of the age, the variety, or which part of the plant you are using; but it is not sufficiently flexible because usually the norms for a crop are generated via extremely expensive research, which limits their updating. We propose to surpass this problem via a tool that managing the data can learn from the commercial production using the data generated by the technicians that use DRIS in our area. The software updates automatically the norms, evolving to a more reliable and flexible system for the final user. We started this idea thinking about how to share the knowledge cumulated by the farmers in our area, approximately 30000 H. of greenhouses. The system offers a diagnosis using the shared database, creating furthermore a set of charts and reports with all the details. The tool has been developed using the OOP language Java. We have assembled two versions: autonomous and distributed. The autonomous one allows work alone, while the distributed ones let work together several users with different profiles. The agro-technician introduces the data about the farms, plots and crops, managing the diagnosis. Laboratory analysts introduce leaf analysis results. System managers include new crops starting from experimental research. The system let us to manage user and farm data taking care of specific sensible data.


Abstract This work is concerned with the study of the complexing reaction between the low molecular weight V-acceptor, diethylaluminum chloride (DC), and polymeric donors containing oxygen, such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polypropylene oxide) (PPO), polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), polyformal-dehyde (PF), poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), polydioxolan (PDO), and polytrioxocan (PTO). Three types of complexes, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, were detected in solution. In the case of PEO, the thermodynamical parameters of the 1:1 complex formation are ΔH1 = −23.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mole, K1 = (5 ± 2) × 105 liter/mole, ASi = −51.5 ± 2.4 eu, while those of the 1:2 complex formation (0.2A1) from the 1:1 adduct are AH = -18.5 ± 0.6 kcal/mole, K = 0.9 ± 0.3 liter/mole, AS = −62.3 ± 2.9 eu. Two structures were found in the case of 1:1 polymer-acceptor complexes.


Today, multimedia delivery through wireless networks is rapidly gaining popularity. Many cellular phones are already equipped with an extra large full-color display and various multimedia applications and devices. It is challenging to transmit and access multimedia data through wireless communications channels due to device mobility, power constraints, bandwidth limitations, and an error prone environment. We investigate multimedia services in wireless networks. We propose an integrated service approach for authentication and error control (including error detection, recovery and concealment) that potentially reduces bandwidth requirement and power consumption. Authentication is used in secure wireless communications to ensure the integrity of a message, i.e., that it has not been tampered with and that it originated with the presumed transmitter. To combat transmission errors with the least additional bandwidth requirement, error concealment can be used to obtain a close approximation of the original signal at the receiver end. The efficiency and effectiveness of an error recovery technique rely on the system error detection capabilities. Traditionally, those problems are treated separately using different schemes. We investigate the problem at the application layer, and design a joint media authentication and error control scheme to reduce cost and save resources. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is efficient and effective.


Cloud Computing is one of the most emerging technologies that has transformed the macro world. The advent of cloud computing is not less than an evolution and miracle to the technology. It has made the on-demand availability of various scalable software resources possible over the internet. Although its extraordinary services and advantages like reduction of computing and storage resources as well as reducing cost, there are some barriers that limits and challenges the usability of cloud computing. On the other hand, Fog Computing, another computing paradigm, is an extended and advanced version of cloud computing. Having distributed nature, Fog Computing tries to address the limitations faced by cloud computing. The paper provides a general study of the challenges faced by cloud computing and how fog computing infrastructure serves to be an emerging technology to those limitations.


One potential advantage of a time-domain (TD) model is the possibility it may offer a better understanding of radiation phenomena. Here we show how a TD model might provide a measure of the energy represented by the electric current and charge on an object and how this may yield insight into where and how much the object radiates as a function of time. Results are given for a straight wire antenna and scatterer.


High quality YBCO films were successfully deposited on 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm magnesium fluoride substrates. Critical temperatures of 88-89K and transition widths of 0.5K were obtained. Surface quality of Sarnoff-polished magnesium fluoride was improved to a level that produced a Chi-min of about 17% using Rutherford Backscattering. The maximum STO dielectric layer thickness (for capacitor between ground plane and power plane layers) was found to be 2000 angstroms or less in order to allow re-oxygenation of underlying YBCO ground plane. A new bismuth oxide based glass for bonding of the YBCO sample to the metal handle was identified. This glass showed significantly less interaction with silver and better stability at 750K under vacuum than the previously used PbO-based glass. A five micron thick silver layer for the power plane was found sufficient for preventing any reduction of its conductivity due to interaction with the bonding glass during firing. Patterned glass/metal handle attachment to YBCO samples showed good adhesion.


In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning-based visual comfort assessment (VCA) for stereoscopic images. To assess the overall degree of visual discomfort in stereoscopic viewing, we devise a binocular fusion deep network (BFN) learning binocular characteristics between stereoscopic images. The proposed BFN learns the latent binocular feature representations for the visual comfort score prediction. In the BFN, the binocular feature is encoded by fusing the spatial features extracted from left and right views. Finally, the visual comfort score is predicted by projecting the binocular feature onto the subjective score space. In addition, we devise a disparity regularization network (DRN) for improving the prediction results. The proposed DRN takes the binocular feature from the BFN and estimates disparity maps from the feature in order to embed disparity relations between left and right views into the deep network. The proposed deep network with BFN and DRN is end-to-end trained in a unified framework in which the DRN acts as disparity regularization. We evaluated the prediction performance of the proposed deep network for VCA by the comparison of existing objective VCA metrics. Further, we demonstrated that the proposed BFN showed various factors causing visual discomfort by using network visualization.


The pre-grafting Tele-Radiological (TRE) evaluation of the Uterus Graft (UG) on Telemedicine Systems, in Uterus Transplant (UT) is studied by diagnostic sensitivity-specificity analysis based on simulation of TRE of the UG on 10 MR sets of female pelvic digital images by two radiologists, assessing a. The vascular variations of the grafts, and b. The inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the UG. The pre-grafting TRE of the UG showed: a. Diagnostic unreliability for vascular variations, b. A high diagnostic reliability for inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the UG (100%), making the MRI based TRE of the UG in UT, feasible and highly reliable for the remote pre-grafting diagnosis of UG pathologic lesions, but unreliable for integrated vascular anatomic and pathologic UG remote evaluation for pre-grafting and pre-transplant decision support and planning.


Ron Harris was ready to bite into his turkey club sandwich when one of his fifth-grade students, who was sitting beside him in the lunchroom, offered to trade for a peanut butter and marshmallow. Not wanting to offend, he accepted the sandwich and resignedly decided to make the best of the fluffernutter. But before he had a chance to take more than a couple of bites, the students polished off their lunches, stood up, and ran out to recess. Looking back on his lunch with the fifth-graders, Harris, who was a volunteer teacher for the day, wonders, "How do teachers do this day in and day out? I don't know how they don't get indigestion!" Lunch was just one challenge that Harris, the president of Harris Oil Company in South Portland, Maine, faced as a volunteer teacher at the Sawyer School. By working side by side with schoolteachers, Harris and other businesspeople like him found that teaching children is complex work and that schoolteachers' working conditions leave a lot to be desired. "How would I describe my tenure as a classroom teacher? I'll tell you in two, words - it's hectic!" says Harris. "And when I got together with the other businesspeople to trade notes, they felt as I did. We were exhausted when we got home." Harris' day in the classroom was part of Business Back to School Week in South Portland, which is sponsored by South Portland's Business and Education Striving Together (BEST), a collaborative of the South Portland School Department, the city of South Portland, Southern Maine Technical College, and the South Portland Chamber of Commerce. In 1986 Pauline Huntley, who at the time was volunteer coordinator for the South Portland schools, and Don Clerico, then deputy superintendent of schools, saw a definite need for improved public relations, since the entire school board had just resigned. Huntley and Clerico decided to hold a conference that would allow businesspeople to express their concerns regarding the public schools. From this conference, BEST was born. Huntley, who oversaw the program for four years, says, "Through BEST there is a forum for communication. The educators can find out what local businesses are looking for in new employees, and businesses learn how they can help the schools." BEST is one of many partnerships between schools and businesses that have formed recently in Maine and throughout the country. In addition to Business Back to School Week, BEST sponsors a mentor program through Southern Maine Technical College, a reading encouragement program, school personnel recognition awards, and a good deeds reward program for students. So far, in its five years of operation, there has been no formal budget established for BEST. Expenses have been covered by contributions from all four of the participating organizations. For example, the Chamber of Commerce and various businesses hosted dinners, and the school department paid for the printing and distribution of invitations and newsletters. Recently, a nonprofit BEST Foundation was created. BUSINESS BACK TO SCHOOL WEEK "Business Back to School Week helps businesspeople understand what's being taught in the schools, and it helps students know what jobs exist," explains Huntley. "It also helps students get a perspective on why it's important to know how to multiply, write business letters, or learn whatever they're learning in school. The businesspeople show students how school subjects apply to the work world. For example, if students are learning about saying energy, the businesspeople talk about saving energy in their business." Huntley points out that the program gives students a broader view of the world of work. "Students learn that a moving company is more than people putting things into trucks. There are computer specialists, public relations people, and accountants. Students have their eyes opened to all the jobs that are out there. It's vocational education for grades K-12. …


Abstract : The work described in this final report covers the period from 9 June 1972 to 9 August 1973 for studies and design changes aimed at improving the Ionization Detector System overall performance capability. This report outlines the program approach, the system design changes, results of the studies and performance data for the three modified systems. The Ionization Detector System performance was improved by increased reliability, improved cells, improved calibration features, increased EMI performance and a modified inlet system. Other design changes included the use of improved 'O' rings, rotating the fuse for better access, changing to heavy duty connectors, and improvements in the design of the Surface Contamination Module.


The invention relates to rolled bellows to seal a pivot joint, comprising a first collar with a larger diameter for fixing onto an outer pivot joint portion, a second collar with a smaller diameter for fixing onto the shaft of the inner pivot joint portion, and a semi-toroidal bellow-wall joining said collars, wherein the rolled bellows are manufactured by injection moulding or blow moulding, the rolled bellows are made of thermoplastic elastomer and the elastomer is irreversibly vulcanized to a degree of 15-85 %.


In the current pedelec industry, one of the core problems encountered with in Drive Units are the vibrations. Curtailing these structure borne emissions along with the associated air borne noises is vital to improve the performances of electro-mechanical systems. This paper deals with study and optimization of vibro-acoustic behavior concerning the drive train components using the system modelling and Finite Element calculations. Excitation's for these systems can majorly arise from the gearbox. The paper initially depicts gear mesh model which considers the non-rigid vibro-dynamics through visco-elastic elements, followed by analysis of structure-borne emissions at the housings with aid of the state space model. The Uncertainty Quantification technique is applied to realize various complexities involved in the systems. Additionally, the system modelling approach includes multi-domain coupling across domains like electrical, mechanical and thermal etc. Heterogeneity principles are used for linking the different physical domains. Later, acoustical characterization of the variants is comprehended by the study of emitted acoustic pressures, which are calculated using the setups of Helmholtz equations. Eventually, the experimental validations are performed with aid of laser vibrometer, microphones and the acoustic camera installed. Finally, it is depicted that the system level simulations allows for the better comprehension of the vibro-acoustics involved in the drive train assemblies.