The Tenth Annual Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina in June 1996, offered labor historians a wide variety of panels in which gender and labor demonstrated their complex interconnections. From babysitters' unions to African-American women's activism, historians of US women's labor showed that their work was moving the field in new and exciting directions. A substantial portion of the panels on Latin America also dealt specifically with working-class women. By contrast, most of the panels on Europe empha sized women as middle-class professionals, as part of bourgeois culture, or as members of feminist movements not directly concerned with class or the workplace. Several panels dealt with American labor since World War Two. Mir iam Formanek-Brunell and Sonya Michel addressed child care. Formanek Brunell demonstrated that the babysitting profession provides a wealth of information on gender and work in the postwar United States. "Little mothers," Formanek-Brunell showed, organized sitters' unions through which they set pay rates and conditions of work. Interestingly, teens sepa rated child care from housework, demanding higher wages, plenty to eat, and telephone privileges in return for watching children, and charging extra if asked to wash dishes or iron. In fact, sitters' organizations were so successful that parents sometimes sought a cheaper and more tractable labor source: teenaged boys. In her paper, Sonya Michel investigated why the United States did not legislate postwar child-care provisions. She fo cused on the postwar use of domesticity as a bulwark against communism; liberal feminism's advocacy of individualized solutions to child-care dilem mas; psychological theories that stressed the importance of the mother child bond; and the reluctance of the US Children's Bureau and the US Women's Bureau to advocate work for women as a legitimate career choice. Papers delivered by Millicent Ellison Brown and Christina Greene underscored the importance of research on alliance building among African-American women, especially for understanding civil rights activ ism. Greene's work on the Black Solidarity Committee (BSC) in Durham, North Carolina, reveals that women were largely responsible for shaping the direction of the civil rights movement in Durham. It was women,


Introduction What makes an effect 'special'? Why create 'effects'? Film, video, digital and string Film Video Conclusion Stocks and formats Film formats Film stocks Video formats Methods of creating visual effects Photography for effects Camera parameters The lens The shutter/pulldown system Video shutter and speed Filters and lens attachments Other image enhancements Temporal manipulation Stop frame/motion animation Timelapse Timeslice Miniatures Visual effects shooting toolkit Imaging without a camera Film Direct application Photogrammetry Chemical applications Video Digital Creating the backing Lighting and setting up Steps for a basic Front of camera Optical effects Filtration Masks and vignettes The glass shot Photo cut-outs and hanging miniatures Mirrors Special processes using mirrors Composite photography Mixes and supers Film multiple imaging Video superimposition Matte and split-screen Video/digital switch and wipes Rephotography/re-recording Film rephotography Video re-recording Combined action with pre-shot backgrounds Physical backgrounds Shooting backplates Background (scenic) projection Rear projection Front projection Miniature projection Large-screen video (including video projection) Self-matting processes Brightness separation matte Multiple run mattes Colour separation matting Film historic Video historic Choice of formats Choice of keying colour Complex colour screen shots Staging colour screen shots Special uses of blue/green screen processes Compositing colour screen shots Difference matting Computer-based systems and techniques Computers - external processes (for control) Recording/post systems Camera systems Computer-controlled camera movement Computers - internal processes (for digital imaging) Formats Input to digital world Output to analogue Digital image manipulation 2D digital image manipulation Compositing software New life into old methods Perfecting the illusion 3D computer-generated imaging (CGI) Digitizing (getting information into the computer) Rendering (getting the images out of the computer)


Purpose. During a biological year one can observe the effects of seasonal change on the number of functions and processes in the human organism. The rhythmical seasonal changes of a year are directly connected with a number of the functions of the human body. In humans, the first six months of a year are characterized by increased sympathetic nervous activity, while the next six months are characterized by increased parasympathetic nervous activity. As such, both somatic and motoric changes lead to periods of either high or low physical efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess what changes occur in the morphological and functional development of 14–15 year-old girls and boys across an entire year. Methods. The study of the seasonality of motoric fitness described herein was of a longitudinal character and was conducted five times, with a threemonth interval between each study (1 – June, 2 – September, 3 – December, 4 – March, 5 – June) during 2004–2005. The study was conducted at the No. 1 and No. 7 Lower Secondary Schools in Opole, Poland, where 452 students (216 girls and 236 boys) participated in the study. Results. The results of this study found that there are two phases of increased levels of physical efficiency, which are particularly pronounced in March and June. From the results of this study as well as from results obtained from other available studies, it was found that the transition periods between seasons, especially during the transition between the first and second half of the year, are particularly unfavourable to the human organism. Having assessed these particular periods of the year (on the basis of a participant's training load), it seems necessary to emphasize that this transition is the most pronounced between the autumn and winter seasons. Significant seasonal changes were found in the general metabolism of the body, which is the most visible in regards to somatic development. An increase in the body's height and weight among teenagers starts abruptly in the spring season, reaches its peak in the summer, then it decreases in the autumn season and goes up again in winter. The study shows that from April till September a build-up of tissues occurs in the human organism, while from October till March the body stabilizes and uses its accumulated reserves. In the spring, the human body regenerates its central nervous system as it is influenced by sun and warmth and produces particular substances which function as links in the energetic and regenerative processes of nerve tissue. Conclusion. Seasonal changeability in the human organism leads to differences in levels of physical fitness. It is necessary to emphasize the character of seasonal changes on the physical fitness of boys and girls at the age of puberty. Through analysing intersexual variability of motoric skills it is possible to determine the exact direction of these differences. In tests that measured hand movement as well as body agility and flexibility, the female subjects achieved better results, particularly after the winter season. In regards to the scores achieved in the remaining Eurofit tests, the male subjects were at the forefront when compared to the females. On the basis of the research material presented in this article, it is claimed that the seasonal rhythm of the physical efficiency of the human body is also reflected in changes of motoric fitness. Thus, it can be considered appropriate to continue studies in this field in order to understand all and any phenomena and regularities.


The authors give the results of software simulation of Hebbian (D. O. Hebb, 1949) associative learning. Ontogenesis in feedback neural networks similar to those devised by Hopfield implies an initial structure and a plan for associative learning with growth. Experimental results are given to show that the advantages of ontogenetic neural networks configured as adaptive classifiers include rapid adaptation, good performance in classifying correctly, and the ability to cope with high levels of noise in training and operation.<<ETX>>


Abstract Context Lactate is the preferred energy substrate for developing testicular germ cells. Diabetes is associated with impaired testicular lactate transport/utilisation, and poor sexual behaviour. Objective To examine the effects of metformin on parameters involved in testicular lactate production, transport/utilisation, and sexual behaviour in diabetic state. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and metformin-treated diabetic group (n = 6/group). Metformin (300 mg/kg b.w./day) was administrated orally for 4 weeks. Results Intra-testicular glucose and lactate levels, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased, while the mRNA transcript levels of genes responsible for testicular glucose and lactate transport/utilisation (glucose transporter 3, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), MCT2, and LDH type C) decreased in DC group. Furthermore, penile nitric oxide increased, while cyclic guanosine monophosphate decreased, with impaired sexual behaviour in DC group. Treatment with metformin improved these parameters. Conclusions Metformin increases testicular lactate transport/utilisation and improves sexual behaviour in diabetic state.


The invention provides a dopamine polymer/noble metal nanoparticle electrochemical sensor as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The novel bioelectrochemical sensor is a three-electrode system sensor, wherein a reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, a counter electrode is a platinum wire electrode, and a working electrode is a glassy-carbon electrode modified by noble metal nanoparticles. According to the invention, noble metal nanoparticles are prepared by dropping a new-made dopamine or a ramification solution thereof and a water solution of a noble metal precursor on the glassy-carbon electrode layer by layer and reacting through a self-assembly method; and a dopamine polymer generated through the reaction has adhesion capacity and can increase the firmness of the noble metal nanoparticles and the glassy-carbon electrode. The dopamine polymer/noble metal nanoparticle electrochemical sensor provided by the invention can be applied to the detection of hydrogen peroxide; and a result indicates that the dopamine polymer/noble metal nanoparticle electrochemical sensor provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and fast preparation method, high firmness, low detection limit, good reproducibility and fast response.


Objective
To investigate the application value of root seeking method and suspension method in lymph nodes dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during minimally invasive McKeown surgery of thoracic esophageal cancer.

Methods
The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 120 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2015 to May 2016 were collected. Sixty patients using root seeking method and suspension method in lymph nodes dissection of RLN were allocated into the study group, and 60 using unexposed lymph nodes dissection of RLN were allocated into the control group. All the patients underwent minimally invasive McKeown surgeries. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative tumor recurrence or metastasis and injury of RLN up to January 2017. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ±s. Comparisons between groups were evaluated with the independent-sample t test. Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results
(1) Intraoperative situations: patients between groups underwent successful minimally invasive McKeown surgery, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were respectively (250±19)minutes, (484±80)mL in the study group and (248±22)minutes, (493±60)mL in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (t=0.532, -0.697, P>0.05). The number of lymph nodes dissection, successful dissection rate and metastasis rate in the left RLN and metastasis rate in the right RLN were respectively 5.0±4.1, 86.7%(52/60), 23.3%(14/60), 16.7%(10/60) in the study group and 1.0±0.9, 60.0%(36/60), 1.7%(1/60), 5.0%(3/60)in the control group, with statistically significant differences between groups (t=5.170, χ2=10.909, 12.876, 4.227, P 0.05). (2) Postoperative situations: time to initial anal exsufflation, time of initial defecation and time for initial fluid diet intake were respectively (2.0±0.6)days, (3.1±0.6)days, (7.2±0.3)days in the study group and (2.2±0.8)days, (3.2±0.5)days, (6.9±0.5)days in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (t=2.618, -0.991, 3.985, P>0.05). Comparisons of injury degree of RLN: 5 and 1 patients in the study and control groups had mild injury, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference between groups (χ2=1.581, P>0.05); 1 and 8 patients in the study and control groups had respectively moderate injury, showing a statistically significant difference between groups (χ2=4.323, P 0.05). (3) Follow-up: 120 patients were followed up for 4-22 months, with a median time of 13 months. During the follow-up, 3 and 2 patients in the study and control groups had cervical lymph node metastases and received postoperative assisted chemotherapy and local radiotherapy of neck, without death between groups. There was no hoarseness in 6 patients with mild injury of RLN during the follow-up; voices in 9 patients with moderate injury of RLN were improved at 1-2 months postoperatively, and no bucking symptom was detected after fluid diet intake.

Conclusion
The root seeking method and suspension method in lymph nodes dissection of RLN is safe and effective during minimally invasive McKeown surgery of thoracic esophageal cancer, especially conducive to lymph nodes exposure and dissection of the left RLN, and reduce the incidence of moderate injury of RLN.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve; Minimally invasive McKeown surgery; Lymph node dissection


The practical application of ground-based site-specific applications using optical devices is
set back by some typical limiting factors. In case of optical sensing of weeds, pests and other
causative agents or even soil properties, there are some different theories to follow (separate weed
species or not, take into account shape parameters or only the spectroscopic differences etc.). The
more complex image processing is applied, the more elaborated system build-up and more computing demand are required. Besides, the problem of limited visual field still exists, what can be
consequently blamed also for the inadequate operation efficiency. The authors applied a Panoramic
Annular Lens (PAL) with a horizontal view angel of 360. allowing the coverage of a field part of 1 ha
with a single image. The evaluation of the images is carried out in two parallel ways. After pulling the
image on the surface of an inverse sphere identical with the PAL, the 1 ha area can be "walked
through" and the weeds are present can be identified by means of visual evaluation on a given level
of probability. Simultaneously, the pixels containing green plant parts are filtered and a so-called
plant density value is calculated. Positioning the pixels containing plant parts and taking into account
the information of the visual analysis proper site-specific weed control can be planned. The authors
review their experiences in connection with the mentioned research tasks and the already reached
results.


The aim of this paper is to design a system for measuring the robot arm position of the robot ASEA IR66. And realization of the subsystem for one axis. The measurement sub-system uses the original sensors of the robot and auxiliary electronic circuits. The values of position will be represented by a digital code. The robot has five axes. We need only one card for each axis, which means that we need five cards for the whole axes. The main target of control circuit of the robot is to carry out an accurate digital to analog conversion of the robot axis position commanded by computer, and by comparing this command position with the actual position of the robot axis to generate from the difference, the velocity reference for the servo system. The principles of positioning of the arm as described by robot documintation, In the internal computer memory there is a command register and an actual value register, at the start of a new positioning operation. The coordinates of the new point are read into the command register. Whilst the actual position of the robot is represented by the actual value register. The contents of the two registers state the position relative to a fixed starting point. This number is stored in the third register which is states the command velocity for positioning. During the motion the computer performs a sampling process. This means that it regularly compares the numbers in the command and in actual value registers. If the difference is greater than the number in the third register, the computer sends this number to the axis unit together with the sign bit in order to execute the appropriate motion. At the same time the actual value register of the computer is updated. When the difference between the actual value register and the command register has become smaller than the number in the third register. The reminder is output during a final sampling interval, and the actual value register is set equal to the command register. Then the computer is a passive


- The aim of this study is to determine the daily per capita plain drinking water intake as a component of daily total water intake (TWI) and to associate the plain intake with socio–demographic segments of household population in Afikpo and Unwana Towns, Nigeria. A representative sample of 1150 household population was classified by gender, age bracket, educational qualification, and occupation. Information on daily plain drinking water intake per capita was obtained through a structured questionnaire. The mean daily per capita plain water intake was determined to be 1.55 L (0.60 std.dev) for the male and 1.50L (0.53 std. dev.) for the female. The sample population had a daily plain drinking water intake per capita mean of 1.52L with skewness of 0.117. Daily plain water intake had a positive statistical association with socio-demographic segments of the population (R = 0.473). These results could imply that the recommended daily water adequate intake (AI) guidelines values by both the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) are not met in households of low-income countries, such as the current study area. Hence, there is a need to address issues relating to access to safe drinking water in low-income countries, together with public enlightenment on the health benefits of daily intake of adequate drinking water.


degree of rotation (about 900) causes an appearance resembling the heart of a playing card; the point representing the medial wall and the bow the lateral wall. This degree of torsion may be reduced spontaneously. Moderate degrees of torsion round about 180° produce a cork-screw like defect. This degree of torsion may be reversed by conservative measures. Very marked torsion (270-3600) show the typical appearances of a bird's beak or snake's head. The proximal and distal ends of the loop are in contact with each other at the point of obstruction.


The family of G protein‐coupled receptors constitutes about 50% of the therapeutic drug targets used in clinical medicine today, although the mechanisms of ligand binding, activation and signal transduction for G protein‐coupled receptors are not yet well defined. This review discusses ongoing research using the photoaffinity scanning method to map the bimolecular interface between class II G protein‐coupled receptors and their ligands. Furthermore the available computer model of class II peptide ligand docking into the receptor, based on the positional constraints imposed by the photoaffinity scanning analyses, will be discussed briefly. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to understand the molecular basis of receptor binding and therefore to generate a template for rational drug design. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The thesis is concerned with surface treatments, specialy powder coating with application of six types basic materials under the same conditions. The thesis contains a search for suitable powder coating and surface pretreatments. It also deals with the chemical and physical effects that cause imperfection powder coating. The tests were performed on test samplesof different basic materials for thickness and adhesion of powder coating. All manufacturing and measurement processes are carried ou tunder the supervision of the author and leader, so the thesis is supplemented by photographs.


An infrared spectroradiometer is being developed at the ONERA to make field measurements of radiance and emissivity of terrestrial surface materials (MISTERE). The instrument, entirely cooled, is a stationary Fourier spectrometer. The principle of measurement based on the sampling of a canted interferogram by a 2D array of detectors will be detailed and the expected performances in terms of resolution, free spectral range, signal-to-noise ratio and scan rate will be presented.


This research was to analyze the direction ideas of residential Feng Shui. In ancient China residential places wrer been established by Xiangzhai(相宅)...


We present a new theoretical representation of the electron energy loss function in terms of partial plasmon poles. This representation allows the determination of electron inelastic mean free paths from a known optical spectrum without empirical fitting, and for the first time, with consistent fulfilment of optical sum rules. We compare the new theory to recent experimental determinations of the inelastic mean free path and demonstrate improved agreement.


Objective To explore the biological characteristics and the immunological relationship to Yersinia pestis of three strains of Yersinia. Method The growth features, alditol fermentation, virulent factors and cross immunogenicity were analyzed. Results The bacteria are gram negative short rod, giving rise to round and smooth colonies, and showing motility at 22℃ but not at 37℃. The biochemical tests of glucose, saccharose, urea,mannitol and sorbitol were positive but the tests of lysine,rhamnose, gelatin and lactose were negative. The test result of omithine was unstable. The strains were sensitive to chloromycetin and streptomycin but resistant to penicillin. The three strains did not agglutinated with anti-Y.pestis serum,anti-Y.pseudotubercolosis serum and the three strains also did not agglutinated with diagnostic reagent of plague RIBA test. The anti-sera of these three strains did not agglutinated with diagnostic reagent of plague IBA test. Conclusions Strain 153 and strain 271 were grouped with Y.enterocolitica (biotype Ⅰ) and strain 272 was grouped with Y.frederiksenii/intermedia. The three strains had no cross immunogenic relationship with Y.pestis and Y.pseudotubercolosis.


The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed a portfolio of multiphysics modeling tools to aid battery designers better understand the response of lithium ion batteries to abusive conditions. We will discuss this portfolio, which includes coupled electrical, thermal, chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical modeling. These models can simulate the response of a cell to overheating, overcharge, mechanical deformation, nail penetration, and internal short circuit. Cell-to-cell thermal propagation modeling will be discussed.


On July 22nd 1987 a small party of members of the Society visited Windsor Castle by appointment to see a selection of the anatomical drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. There are several hundred of these in folios in the Royal Collection and these are all listed in Volume 3 of 'The drawings of Leonardo da Vinci' by Sir Kenneth Clark. Before going we were asked to select 20 drawings from the list and when we arrived these were laid out for us on display tables. The drawings themselves were mounted between boards with transparent plastic windows, each sheet of paper having drawings on both sides. We were given gloves to wear and were allowed to handle the mounts so that we could look at both sides. Leonardo's drawings were made in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Works on human anatomy before this time were rare and, because printing had not been invented, were in manuscript, subject to the errors of copyists and therefore contained only basic and also usually inaccurate drawings. What we saw in these drawings was probably the first accurate depiction of human anatomy ever made. When one also considered that Leonardo was primarily an artist with little medical background and imagined the difficulty of dissection under conditions of secrecy, in the presence of putrefaction, without proper instruments, illumination or even perhaps running water one could only look at these drawings with awe and amazement, enhanced by the strange and beautiful mirror writing which surrounded them. Leornardo is reported to have said that he had dissected 30 bodies. The drawings were nearly all on white paper in pencil inked with sepia. One's first impression was their accuracy and detail. They seemed clearer and more beautiful than the reproductions that one has been accustomed to see in books, probably because they were small and in many instance had been photographically enlarged for reproduction. I took especial interest in the drawing of the brachial plexus (fig. 1) because it is a complicated piece of anatomy which is nevertheless clearly defined and not subject to much variation. I checked it with my own atlas of anatomy and found it accurate and complete in all respects from the cervical and thoracic nerves of origin to the upper, middle and lower trunks, the anterior and posterior divisions giving rise to the medial, lateral and posterior cords leading ultimately to the median, …


Model reference adaptive system(MRAS) is used in vector control system.Stator voltages and currents that are measured easily compose speed observer system based on EMF of induction motor,and then the model is established and simulated in SIMULINK.The result shows that this speed sensorless system of vector control has preferably precision and static and dynamic performance.


To study the genetic influence of low-dose ionizing radiation at the chromosomal level, frozen human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were exposed to a 10 cGy dose delivered by a carbon-ion (24.5 ± 2.0 keV/μm) beam. Mutation assays were performed within a few days or after about one month of preservation at -80°C following irradiation. The results showed an increase in mutation frequencies at the thymidine kinase (TK) gene locus of 1.6-fold (2.5 × 10-6 to 3.9 × 10-6) and 2.1-fold (2.5 × 10-6 to 5.3 × 10-6), respectively. The relative distributions of the observed mutation classes were not changed by the radiation exposure in either assay. Multilocus analysis using two TK locus markers and eleven microsatellite loci spanning chromosome 17 were used for the analysis of TK mutants exhibiting a loss of heterozygosity (LOH). An interesting characteristic was detected using this system; interstitial deletion patterns were observed in hemizygous LOH mutants, which were specific for radiation exposure, and considered to be the result of end-joining repair of carbon-ion-induced DNA double-strand breaks. The relative increase in TK mutation frequency of the irradiated cells after the longer preservation at -80°C is probably due to the lower cell-viability compared to the unirradiated level. These results clearly demonstrate that this type of analysis can be used for the detection of low-dose ionizing radiation effects in frozen cells.


ABSTRACT:
 Based on emergence data, Eriotremex formosanus (Matsumura), an exotic horntail established in the southeastern United States, was found to be 1) significantly more abundant in Quercus nigra L. than in Liquidambar styraciflua L. and absent from Pinus taeda L., 2) significantly more abundant in snags than logs, 3) similarly abundant in upland pine-dominated forests and bottomland hardwood-dominated forests, and 4) present at all heights along the bole but not in branches. Captures of E. formosanus in flight intercept traps positioned next to snags, logs and living trees of each tree species support these findings.


T HE UNPRECEDENTED boom in the Brazilian economy, particularly in the export sector, has attracted worldwide attention. Being neither sporadic nor accidental, the exceptionally high growth rates achieved by the economy of Brazil over the last dec<lde have been the result .of bold and pragmatic policies, deliberately aimed at achieving something spectacular. Consequently, the achievements over the period 1964-70 have surpassed everything that was achieved since the beginning of the century. In · truth, everything has got bigger in Brazil. Over the period 1964-70, the gross imtional product increased by 52 per cent, with 69 per cent increase in industrial production and over 200 per cent increase in exports. The production of automobiles increased from 174,000 cars in 1963 to 593,000 in 1972, recording an increase of 240 per cent. 'The shipbuilding industry increased from 40.5 thousand D':VT in 1963 to 3.65 lakhs DvVT in 1972, an increase of over 800 per cent. Steel production increased from 2.8 . million tons in 1963 to 6. 5 million tons in 1972. In addition, the national network of paved highways got doubled and in the field of education the enrolment figures increased by 200 per cent ·for higher education and by 140 per cent for secondary education. 'Vith a 10 I)er cent rate of growth in the GNP in 1972, the Brazilian economy has expanded for the past couple , of years with GNP growth rates of over 9 per cent per annum consecutively. In 1971, with the GNP at US$44.4 billion, Brazil ranked eighth in the non-Communist world. It has been estimated that the per capita income in Brazil has already reached a level of $500. Assuming the continuity in the average growth rate in GNP at 9 per· cen,t per annum, it is probable that by th~end of the decade the per capita income will be closer to US$1,000. * A remarkable feature of the management of the Brazilian economy over this period has been the \ marked decline in the budgetary deficits from 5. 3 per cent of GNP in 1963 to 'o.2 per cent in 1972. It will be pertinent to note that in the early 'sixties the Brazilian economy suffered from all those unfortunate economic ills and disorders, currently present in the Indian economy. Following the path of exces-


The first feed-discarded catalyst contains cavernous body of precious metal components and sinter magnetic beads.It is an important stage to separate the two constituents for purifying the precious metal components.The active pulsing air classifier can conduct dry separation which prevents materials from being modified by wet separation and is beneficial to the following purifying of the precious metal components.The structure of the active pulsing air classifier was introduced and the mechanism of the active pulsing air classification as well as its dynamic model were analyzed.An experiment was conducted with actual materials. The result indicated that the separation efficiency was over 94.50% when the frequency of the active pulsing air was 7/3Hz and the air velocity was 2.50~6.00 m/s.The highest separation efficiency of 97.63% was achieved with air velocity of 3.33 m/s.


The Pena-Box model is considered for finding the time-effect factors of a multiple time series. This paper first establishes the connection between the Pena-Box model and the vector ARMA model. According to the Pena-Box model, some series can be ignored while modelling the vector ARMA model. A consistent estimator is then proposed to identify the model for nonlinear and nonstationary time series. Finally, the finite-sample behaviour of the estimator is illustrated via simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Clawbacks are contractual provisions in executive compensation contracts that allow for an ex post recoupment of variable pay if certain triggering conditions are met. As a result of regulatory responses to financial crises and corporate scandals, as well as growing shareholder pressure to implement effective measures against executive misbehaviour, the prevalence of such clauses has risen considerably in the recent past, beginning in the US after the 2000 financial crisis. As clawbacks have become a buzzword in the European debate about also ensuring good corporate governance beyond the financial sector, it is time to critically discuss the hopes that have been associated with various types of such provisions.


Fuzzy-ID3 algorithm is a popular and efficient heuristic algorithm infuzzy decision tree induction. Taking Fuzzy-ID3 algorithm as the example, it analyzes the effect of the redundancy of attributes on the generation of fuzzy decision tree, and then proposes an extended version in which the testing attribute is selected based on not only the more mutual information between a candidate attribute and the class but also the less mutual information between a candidate attribute and the selected attributes on the same branch. The experimental result indicates that it has advantages over Fuzzy-ID3.


An intricate £12 million Highways Agency programme to strengthen the 40-year-old bridge carrying the M2 motorway over the River Medway south-west of Rochester, Kent, has been completed. Additional external prestressing has been added inside its box girders and prestressing wires have been threaded through the existing structure to form the new strands.


Introduction The overexpression of Her2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which regulates the cell proliferation and differentiation, leads to the poor prognosis in human breast cancer [1]. The affinity of cancer therapeutics can be increased by the targeted drug delivery followed by controlled internalization in the cancer cells. The two-component delivery system overcomes the barriers of extravasation from vessels and diffusion to the target site. The first component is a high-affinity targeting molecule such as functionalized monoclonal antibody (mAb). The secondary component cross links the primary components forming a network only on the targeted receptor overexpressing cancer cells which leads to the macro-scale internalization and efficient delivery of high dose of therapeutics to the cytoplasm. This strategy exhibits the low effect on non-specific binding sites and on normal cells expressing basal levels of the receptor. The new two-component delivery system consists of a target specific biomolecule/antibody and a carrier molecules/platform. As a first targeting component, we selected the antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin®) which specifically binds extracellular domain of the Her2/neu receptors. It also provides secondary binding motif for cargo molecule/platform. The cargocarrier is a multi-task molecule/platform which transports of therapeutic, carries imaging agents for optical/MRI imaging, and can chemoselectively bind to the target-specific biomolecule. It acts as a biocompatible nanoparticle carrier systems similar to nanocapsules and nanospheres [2]. Methods The target specific trastuzumab was functionalized with terminal azido PEGylated linkers and labeled with fluorochrome (Rhodamine for in vitro and NIR CF-680 for in vivo studies). The degree of functionalization and labeling was determined and optimized by MALDI-TOF and absorbance/fluorescence methods. The cargo carrier, BSA was substituted with DTPA and Gd, functionalized with strained promoted alkyne, dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO) and labeled with fluorophores (Alexa-488 for in vitro and NIR CF-750 for in vivo studies). The degree of valency, DTPA-Gd substitution and fluorescent marker labeling was determined and optimized by MALDI-TOF, quantitative MRI, and aborbance/fluorescence methods. The two-component nano-delivery system was studied in vitro using Her2/neu overexpressing, human breast cancer BT-474 cells. The cells were first treated with modified Herceptin, Her(PEG4-Az)22(Rhod)2 (10 μg/mL) and incubated at 37° for 30 min for immunolabelling on Her2/neu receptors. The secondary component, BSA(DIBO)10(Alexa-488)2 was added (2 μM) and imaged using a confocal fluorescent microscopy. The carrier molecule was also substituted with the DTPA ligand followed by Gd to obtain BSA(DTPAGd)12(DIBO)10(Alexa-488)2. Results In the in vitro cell labeling fluorescent experiment, the colocalization of two spectral fluorescent images exhibits the presence of two components in same physical location after 1,2-dipolarcycloaddition forming a stable and bio-neutral 1,2,3-triazole linker. The MRI cell pellet study of the delivery system exhibits the significant drop in T1 compared to the control. For the BT-474 human breast cancer xenograft, SCID/nude mice were implanted with the pellets containing 0.72 mg of 17α-estradiol (sustained released 90 days) using a trocar and inoculated with BT474 cells (5×10 cells, mixed with equal volume of Matrigel) in left thoracic mammary pad. The xenographed mouse was injected with modified herceptin via tail vein followed after 4 h by the secondary component. Quantitative T1 maps were reconstructed from 3D T1-weighted RARE sequence acquired pre-injection and at 1,3,6, and 12 h post-injection of modified BSA with TR = 250 ms, 500 ms, 1s, 2s, and 4s using a 9.4T Bruker MRI spectrometer. In vivo optical images of mice were obtained using a KODAK in vivo multispectral imaging system. Discussion Confocal fluorescent images of BT-474 cells in in vitro study exhibit the strong emission signal of two fluorophors (Δλemi/ Δλemi=64/56 nm) and good spatial colocalization of two components after cell labeling with the two-component delivery system. Efficient cell surface labeling demonstrates the high affinity binding of the receptor by functionalized trastuzumab. The cargo-carrier can also chemoselectively bind with the modified mAb under physiological conditions. Based on encouraging MRI imaging results of cell pellets, we applied two-component delivery system to in vivo imaging and delivery study using Her2/neu overexpressing BT-474 xenografts in mouse models. The change of fluorescent intensity in the specifically labeled tumor with respect to the control is shown in Figure 2 (a). In vivo NIR fluorescent imaging are shown in Figure 2 (b) control and (c) treated mice. A mouse without PEG4-Az on Herceptin was used as the control. The change of the mean tumor T1 times in control and treated mice are shown in Figure 2 (d). MRI images of mice highlighting the tumor-sites are shown in Figure 2 (e) control and (f) treated mice. Initial increase of fluorescent intensity and drop of T1 in both control and treated mice can be interpreted by EPR effect, but clearance was significantly faster in controls. MRI imaging exhibits specific T1 reduction for the two component delivery system, suggesting possible translational role of non-invasive image-guided strategy for cancer therapy. References 1. Zhu W, Okollie B, Artemov D. Controlled internalization of Her2/neu receptor by cross-linking for targeted delivery. Cancer Biol Ther 2007;6:19606. 2. Hawkins MJ, Soon-Shing P, Desai N. Protein nanoparticles as a drug carrier in clinical medicine. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2008;60:876-885. (a) (d) (e) (f) Figure 1. Two delivery components (a) Her(PEG4Az)8 (Rhod/CF 680)2 (b) BSA(DTPAGd)12(DIBO)10(Alexa 488/CF750)2 (a) (b)


A virtual team is temporarily organized for a specific task and will be disbanded after the task has been accomplished. It is important to capture knowledge from the virtual team during its working lifecycle. Griffith et al. (2003) devised a theoretical model to explain knowledge transformation processes for virtual teams but lacked empirical evidence to validate the theory. In addition, no adaptive methods are able to resolve problems of a non-linear, feedback, and time-delay nature in the theoretical model. In this paper, a system dynamics model is constructed to provide simulative evidence to validate the theoretical model from Griffith et al. (2003) and resolve problems of a non-linear, feedback, and time-delay nature during knowledge transformation processes. The results show that a hybrid virtual team may be the most applicable among three types of virtual team processes. As a result, this paper also uncovers the positive and negative effects of emerging information technologies during their lifecycle of virtual teams.


The activities executed in the environment planning process are extremely dependent on the knowledge of their performers. Thus, knowledge management initiatives are very important in these activities. One of the possibilities for improving knowledge flow is to explore past experiences, resulting from the modeling and execution of previous decisions. This work presents Thoth, a system which aims at knowledge reuse in the environmental decision process, during the planning, design and execution of activities. This approach is integrated with a CBR approach, also described in this paper, with workflow systems and the use of ontologies.


There are a large number of substances with functional in defatted cake of oil-tea camellia,such as tannin,tea saponin and flavonoids.In this study,the extract of defatted cake of oil-tea camellia was obtained by choosing water and 95% ethanol as solvent.Then corrosion resistance to cherry tomatoes of those extracts was researched.At the same time,antibacterial activity to common microbiology was researched too.It was shown that the extract had certain promotion to cherry preservation when 95% ethanol was chosen as the solvent.Meanwhile,the best preservation effect was obtained when the fruit was soaked into extract which concentration was 50mg/mL for 0.5min.It can guarantee the cherry do not decay for fifteen days.Also,it was found in the inhibition experiment that the extract can restrain the growth of E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus very well,but no effect on the mildew.


Disclosed is a stubble cleaning and loosen-harrow combined soil preparation machine. The existing domestic soil preparation machine structures are generally a stubble cleaner and a deep loosening soil-breaking soil preparation machine, wherein the stubble cleaner cannot perform deep loosening and anti-drought and anti-waterlogging effects cannot be achieved due to a soil hardening layer and the deep loosening soil-breaking soil preparation machine cannot clean stubble, the applicable arrange is small, the soil breaking effect is poor, the efficiency is low, and the costs are high. The stubble cleaning and loosen-harrow combined soil preparation machine comprises a trifilar suspension type suspension frame (1) which is connected with a stubble cleaning device (3) with a stubble cleaning cutter (2) and a deep loosening soil breaking device (5) of a deep loosening shovel assembly (4). The deep loosening soil breaking device is provided with a multi-hole position adjusting plate (6). The stubble cleaning and loosen-harrow combined soil preparation machine is used for soil preparation and cultivation.


The market-oriented management of urban land caused a fundamental change for the obtaining way involving all kinds of operational development land used in commerce,entertainment and commercial residential building etc.Bidding and auctions become the main way to obtain operational development land.The paper analyzes and improves "Friedman's model",discusses the income solution of "optimum profit rate offering model" in bidding,which can be used in land bidding.


This paper presents the design of a low-power, medium-resolution, high-speed pipelined analogue-to-digital converter (ADC). A low-power front-end track-and-hold amplifier (THA) is realised to reduce sampling time uncertainty error. The paper also includes the design of low-power, high-bandwidth, high-gain operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The OTAs are used in ADC to reduce finite OTA gain and OTA settling time non-linearity errors. Low power circuit techniques are employed to minimise overall power consumption of the ADC. The proposed ADC is implemented in 180 nm digital CMOS technology. The converter achieves signal-to-noise distortion ratio of 59.8 dB/57.9 dB, spurious-free dynamic range of 89 dB/86.6 dB and effective number of bits of 9.64-bits/9.33-bits at sampling speed of 50 MHz with the input signal frequencies of 4 MHz/Nyquist frequency. The peak differential-non-linearity of the converter is 0.28/-0.17 LSB and integral-non-linearity of the converter is +0.42/-0.41 LSB. The proposed 10-bit, 50 MS/sec pipelined ADC consumes 24.5 mW amount of power from 1.8 V supply.


In this paper, lateral and longitudinal guidance and control laws are proposed and implemented for autolanding phase of a UAV upto the touch down point. For lateral guidance, non-linear guidance logic has been used. Controllers design has been carried out based on the linearized dynamics of the aircraft. Glide slope control consists of speed control and off-glide slope distance control in the pitch axis. A new nonlinear control law in the pitch axis has been devised and its performance compared with the linear PID controller. In this way a glide slope is maintained up to the flare maneuver. In flare, the aircraft controls its height while height command exponentially decays to zero AGL. Controllers are designed for stability margins such that they show robustness against modeling deficiencies or any disturbance due to turbulence or gust wind. It is verified through simulations in a nonlinear environment that proposed guidance and control laws can be successfully applied to the practical autolanding of a UAV.


ABSTRACT A multi-aged priesty classrobe environment was observed to determine (1) the degree -to which teacher Wielders specified by developers of as adaptive learning environment (ALE) are actually exhibited by the teachers, (2) the nature of classroom processes and interactim.; (ites's teachers and students in an ALP, and (31 the extent to which contextual variables alter teacher behavior. Forty-six five to eight year old students in an instructional program Of prescriptive and exploratory components were observed, along with their two head teacLiits anl cue instructional aide. Two preplanned observation schedules'were peed to record frequencies of observed student and teacher tehaviors in the ALE over a six-week period. Observational data provided explicit-information about the nature and patterns of teacher functions in the ALE, functions that say be divided into consultative and management facets. Analyses of teacher behavior patterns, instructional climate based on these behaviors, student behavior patterns and their relationship to classroom processes, and patterns of teacher interaction with students of different characteriitics,were undertaken. The analyses indicated that teachers do direct the ALE tohelp students became selfdirected ind self-evaluating. The data also suggested that contextual variables, such as she of instructional group and subject setter, do aftect the teaching patterns and teacher pupil interaction. (8J8)


The article makes an empirical study on the relationship between information consumption and income of the rural residents in Gansu during 1978 to 2011 by co-integration analysis and Granger causality test.The results show that there is a long-term stability equilibrium relationship between them.The increase of per capita income of rural residents in Gansu promotes the growth of information consumption.Meanwhile,in Gansu the growth of regional information consumption either benefits the increase of income of rural residents.Therefore,according to that,we give some appropriate measures to expand the information consumption expenditure of rural residents in Gansu.This has great realistic significance on promoting the optimization of structure of the rural information consumption and upgrading,and promoting the rural informationization construction process.


User satisfaction with general IS and certain types of IT applications has been thoroughly studied in IS research. With the widespread use of portal technology, there is a need to conduct a user satisfaction study with portal usage, in particular, the business-to-employee (b2e) portal. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model for determining b2e portal user satisfaction, which has been derived from an extensive literature review of user satisfaction scales and the b2e portal.  Nine dimensions of the b2e portal user satisfaction were identified: Information Content, Ease of Use, Convenience of Access, Timeliness, Efficiency, Security, Confidentiality, Communication, and Layout.


The Information Literacy Program at Southern Oregon University was constructed and implemented during the academic year 1996‐97 to develop information literacy among freshmen enrolled in the first year of SOU's new university colloquium. The colloquium is a yearlong class that develops writing, speaking, and critical thinking skills for first‐year students. It is the first stage of general education reform and provides a unique environment to deliver information literacy instruction. In this article, Higgins and Cedar Face outline the Information Literacy Program at SOU, which has just completed its first, full year. They note accomplishments and also unresolved problems and issues. It is a model of a learner‐centered, supportive, collaborative program.


The paper analyses the use of the equipment in the fully mechanized coal mining face nowadays,and summarizes the equipment matching problem in the fully mechanized coal mining face.Based on the introduction of VP technique,the paper presents the VP system structure of the fully mechanized coal mining face and the function of subsystem.The paper also gives the way to implement the system.


Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, with a wide area and abundant species resources. It is a serious issue to protect and monitor the water quality of Poyang lake. This paper proposes to use principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the water pollution index of Poyang Lake. The input variables of PCA are the weekly monitoring water pollution factors including dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) and NH4+-N. The water quality monitoring station is in Hukou County of China from 2004 to 2014. Finally, a series of new water pollution indexes are generated by PCA to reflect the change characteristics of lake water pollution. The results can provide support for the comprehensive evaluation of lake water quality. Meanwhile, the results also discuss the variation in water pollution, which is practical and innovative.


The error propagation properties of the Voigt, Reuss, Voigt–Reuss–Hill–Gilvarry, and Hershey schemes for the determination of the integral elastic response of texture free polycrystalline aggregates with cubic structure were studied. The sensitivity of the homogenized polycrystalline shear modulus was tested (i) analytically on the partial derivatives of the shear modulus with respect to the individual elastic constants within extremal Voigt and Reuss schemes, and (ii) numerically for all four methods. The sensitivity of the Hershey shear modulus on the input parameters, the single crystalline elastic constants B, C ′, C44, is shown to be within the limiting values found for the Voigt and Reuss schemes. This conclusion is illustrated numerically on a set of five cubic materials with very different physical properties. The influence of the bulk modulus was found to be approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than that of C ′ and C44. The Hershey modulus was also found to be non‐linear, asymmetric, and strongly dependent on the level of the elastic anisotropy of the studied system. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Mobilization of glycogen, the short‐term storage form of glucose, is the body's first defense against hypoglycemia and is critical for energy provision during high intensity exercise. Therefore, to advance metabolic research, it is critical to be able to accurately measure glycogen concentrations, including during a prolonged fast and other glycogen‐modulating interventions. Unfortunately, prior enzymatic methods of glycogen detection have been plagued by poor detection in the lower range, high sample mass requirements, and complicated and/or expensive protocols which introduce substantial technical variability into the measured glycogen concentrations. To address these limitations, here we report a streamlined and versatile glycogen extraction protocol coupled with an optimized phenol‐sulfuric acid quantification protocol. With this method, we demonstrate how glycogen can be extracted from only 20 mg of tissue with one centrifugation step and quantified with a highly precise (Intra‐assay %CV ranges from 5–10%) and sensitive (proportionality constant for glycogen = 0.07279 A.U./µg) assay. The cost of all materials equates to ~10 cents per sample. Therefore, this method represents an attractive means of assessing ex vivo tissue glycogen content including at the extremes of glycogen concentrations.


Grabbing a beer along Kuala Lumpur's Jalan Ampang last week, it would be difficult to imagine that sharia law applied to 60 per cent of Malaysia's 27 million people. Next came an announcement by the Ministry for Information, Communication and Culture that Muslims could not attend a concert sponsored by Guinness - the authorities deemed it in contravention of the sharia legal system and its alcohol prohibitions. Malaysia follows a dual-track justice system. Sharia laws apply to Muslim in all personal matters. Non-Muslims - mainly Christian Chinese, Hindu Tamil or Indian, Sikh and others - are subject to the civil code. For ethnic Malays - who are also defined as Muslims - the sharia system often clashes with the civil courts, and often the former takes precedence. However, the sharia issue has affected other faiths.


In the paper the results of long-time investigations of the photovoltaic installation situated in Gdynia Maritime University are presented. A short description of the considered installation and the weather station making possible continuous monitoring of weather parameters are included. The selected results of measurements of exploitive parameters of the considered installation obtained in the selected days and the corresponding to them results of measurements of power density of solar radiation are shown. Słowa kluczowe: Systemy fotowoltaiczne, parametry pogodowe, pomiary.


Layout The Web site has an exceptionally attractive and usable layout. It is easy to locate all important elements. White space, graphic elements and/or alignment are used effectively to organize material. The Web pages have an attractive and usable layout. It is easy to locate all important elements. The Web pages have a usable layout, but may appear busy or boring. It is easy to locate most of the important elements. The Web pages are cluttered looking or confusing. It is often difficult to locate important elements.


Objective To evaluate the relations between the hGRα concentration in the nucleus or the translocation rate of hGRα from cytoplasm to the nucleus after dexamethasone(DEX) incubation and GC efficacy in MG patients.Methods PBMC from MG and controls were incubated with DEX or with PBS as contrast.PBMC total protein of cytoplasm and nucleus were extracted respectively by NE-PER extraction kits.Then a quantitative avidin biotin system enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ABS-ELISA) was used to measure the hGRα in cytoplasm before incubation and hGRα in nucleus after incubation of DEX to calculate the translocation rate of hGRα.Results The concentration of hGRα in the cytoplasm before DEX incubation from MG patients and patients of other neuroimmunological disorders(ONID) was significantly lower than those in healthy controls(P0.05).The concentration of GRα in the nucleus of PBMC from MG after DEX incubation was remarkably lower than those in healthy controls(P0.01).The gender,age or the associated thymus disorders of MG had little effect on the concentration of hGRα in the cytoplasm before DEX incubation,hGRα in the nucleus after DEX incubation,or the translocation rate of hGRα(P0.05).The MG patients of Osserman type Ⅳ had lower translocation rate of hGRα than MG patients of other types(P0.05).The course of MG also affected the translocation rate of hGRα.In the group with the course more than 2 years,the translocation rate of hGRα was much lower than those with less than 6 months(P0.001) and 6 months to 2 years(P0.01).The concentration of hGRα in the nucleus after DEX incubation and translocation rate of hGRα were closely correlated with GC efficacy when evaluated 2 weeks(n=51,r=0.913,r=0.907,P0.05)and 4 weeks(n=47,r=0.929,r=0.911,P0.05) after glucocorticoids(intravenous methylprednisolone) treatment.Conclusions The concentration of hGRα in the nucleus after DEX incubation and the translocation rate of hGRα were correlated with GC efficacy of MG.The concentration of hGRα in the nucleus after DEX incubation,the translocation rate of hGRα induced by DEX may be useful indicators for predicting the GC sensitivity.


The Department of Organometallic Chemistry in its present form was created in 1998 when Prof. Fürstner was appointed as Director at the Institute. Its mission is the development of organometallic reagents and catalysts and their use as tools for advanced organic chemistry, notably the total synthesis of structurally complex and biologically relevant compounds. So far, the Department has hosted three junior groups in addition to Prof. Fürstner's own research team:


The present invention relates to a weatherability improver which comprises a compound (A) and a compound (B), wherein the compound (A) is a compound having the structure (1) and the compound (B) is either a compound having the structure (2) or a salt thereof. According to the weatherability improver, it is possible to inhibit a transparent electroconduction film including metal nanowires from deteriorating during long-term exposure to sunlight or long-term exposure to artificial light or under high-temperature high-humidity conditions.
Structure (1)
Structure (2)


Within this article, we present the application of the AutoSummENG method within the TAC 2009 AESOP challenge. We further oer an alternative to the original AutoSummENG method, which uses an additional operator of the n-gram graph framework to represent a set of documents with a single, merged graph. Both alternatives oer very good results in dierent aspects of the AESOP results evaluation. The original AutoSummENG method appears a very good linear estimator of Pyramid score and responsiveness, while the new Merged Model variation oers very good (non-linear) rank estimation performance when correlated to the responsiveness measure.


RATIONALE
Prior research studies on the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and pain intensity have examined older patients, there is a need to understand the relationship between OSA and pain intensity among younger adults.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to examine whether young adults who are diagnosed with OSA are more likely to report higher pain intensity compared to those without OSA.

METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) Veterans who had at least one visit to a Veterans Health Administration primary care clinic between 2001 and 2014. OSA was identified using one inpatient or two outpatient ICD-9 codes from electronic medical records. Average pain intensity, based on the self-reported 0-10 numeric rating scale over a 12- month period, was categorized as no pain/mild (0-3; no pain) and moderate/severe (4-10; significant pain). Covariates included age, sex, education, race, mental health diagnoses, headache diagnoses, pain diagnoses, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. Multivariate logistic regression models were used and multiple imputation was performed to generate values for missing variables.

RESULTS
We identified 858,226 young adults (mean age 30 years [SD=7]), of whom 91,244 (10.6%) had a diagnosis of OSA and 238,587 (27.8%) reported moderate/severe pain for the 12-month average. Compared to young adults without OSA, those with OSA were more likely to report moderate/severe pain intensity (OR=1.09; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.08-1.11), even after controlling for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that young adults with OSA have greater odds of comorbid moderate/severe pain. Due to the high prevalence of chronic pain in younger adults, this study highlights the need to understand the impact of OSA diagnosis and treatment on pain intensity. Future work is needed to determine the role of effective OSA treatment on pain intensity over time in these young adults.


We present an analytical study of a large sample of ~109 young stellar objects in the X-ray. Our objects were detected in X-ray independent of age. Unexpectedly, the X-ray energy is somewhat correlated with the ages. It decreases with time and with column density, while it should increase. We conclude that the youngest protostars, Class 0/I, emit X-rays in the 1-8 keV band. The deeply embedded sources with the strongest accretion activity are detected in the hard-band (> 2keV) only. Due to extinction, their soft X-rays are not detected. To explain the decline in energy, we suggest that within a timescale of few Myrs the corona cools down via the accretion material.


This paper is one of a series1on the hygienic aspects of aluminum cooking utensils. It deals with the extent to which aluminum is stored in the tissues under conditions of a varied alimentary supply of soluble aluminum salts. The study of the elimination and the retention of aluminum is of importance, first, because aluminum is almost universally present in foodstuffs; secondly, because the metal is used extensively for the manufacture of cooking utensils and food containers; and, thirdly, because the data on the distribution of aluminum after feeding aluminum salts are of value in the elucidation of the absorption, retention and elimination of other metals. In addition to its natural occurrence, aluminum may enter foodstuffs by contact with the metal or by the addition of salts of aluminum. The extent to which aluminum enters foods cooked in aluminum utensils has been shown elsewhere1gto be extremely small,


Contact address: Professor Dan Gaita, FESC President of CardioPrevent Foundation Founding President of Romanian Heart Foundation Board Member of European Heart Network University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation Clinic Bvd CD Loga 49, 300020 Timisoara, Romania. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania 2 Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Timisoara, Romania 3 CardioPrevent Foundation, Timisoara, Romania 4 Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania Abstract: Objectives – We have conducted a study aimed at uncovering if depressed diabetic patients have a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications and have also evaluated the relationship between the presence of depression and glycemic control in these patients. Methods – A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1346 patients suffering from DM admitted to the Diabetes Department of the Emergency County Hospital Timişoara, between January and December 2012. Results – Out of the 1346 patients included in our study 8.5% have been also diagnosed with depression. Depression was found in 7.9% of patients with type 1 DM, while the prevalence of depression was 8.6% in the type 2 DM category. There was a statistic signifi cance between diabetes mellitus and depression (p <0.05). The mean value of HbA1c was 9.2% in patients suffering from both DM and depression and 8.9% in diabetic patients only. Patients with DM and depression were able to achieve the <8% HbA1c target in 29.31% of the cases, while those without depression in 32.59% of the cases. Our conclusions highlight the need for active screening for depression in diabetic patients due to the potential of this complication being overlooked and also in order to ensure that preventive action is taken.


Making users aware of the risk by giving them a sense of discomfort and helping them not to access dangerous sites is crucial. Thus, we focus on developing a warning interface, causing discomfort, allowing smartphone users to be aware of danger and risks. We studied discomfort feelings while using smartphones and extracted five discomfort factors from a questionnaire survey and factor analysis. We implemented a prototype of warning interfaces for web browsing on a smartphone considering five factors. In the experiments, we have found that three factors out of the five, namely, "Unintended operation or display," "Sudden changes," and "Understanding of the application," are significant for risk awareness, while the other two are not. This paper reports on the findings


Following a description of the market forces motivating the current changes in natural gas marketing and regulation, the authors discuss the Court of Appeal's holdings in Maryland People's Counsel (MPC) I and II. The court found in MPC I that FERC was not justified in excluding certain customers from special marketing programs, and in MPC II it vacated, in part, blanket certification orders designed to streamline the regulatory process. Although FERC's intent was good, basically successful programs did not survive appeal because the Commission failed to adhere to the principles of administrative law.


This article considers the value of clarity – of theory, method and purposes – in educational research. It draws upon the work of early critical theorist, Theodor Adorno, and particularly his notion of negative dialectics and his challenge to the traditional dichotomy of theory and practice. Using the notions of virtuous mess and wicked clarity, I argue that we need to accept the messy, contingent nature of the social world we research. I further suggest that it then follows that such research can and should influence and change that world. The researcher is necessarily part of the world she researches and, once one accepts that, it is hard to sustain ethical or political isolation; it is hard to ignore the struggle.


This paper investigates reduplication in Kodi, an under-documented and understudied language spoken in Sumba Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, eastern Indonesia. Reduplication in Kodi shows various patterns that fall under two major types: full reduplication and partial reduplication. Full reduplication mostly involves reduplication of the entire disyllabic base. In partial reduplication, the salient patterns that are copied are initial parts (a syllable and a foot), an internal part (a syllable), or final parts (foot) of the base. Furthermore, the reduplication process serves to express salient semantic properties, such as verbal number or pluractionality, indirect noun pluralization, attenuation or numeral distributivity. It is argued that (i) stress determines the reduplication process in Kodi in that the syllable or foot which is reduplicated is predictable from the stress patterns, (ii) semantic context triggers reduplication processes, and (iii) the framework of the theory of (Generalized) Paradigm Function Morphology ((G)PFM) ( Stump 2001 , 2016 ; Stewart & Stump 2007 ; Spencer & Stump 2013 ; Spencer 2013 ; Nikolaeva & Spencer 2019 ) can satisfactorily capture how stress determines the reduplication of the base and how semantic context triggers the reduplication process. This study provides additional evidence in support of the (G)PFM theory, which can arguably be extended to handle complex reduplicative patterns beyond Kodi.


Aerodynamic measurements on the linear low-pressure turbine cascade T106C were conducted in a high speed test facility, in order to investigate the effect of surface roughness on loss behaviour, aerodynamic loading, and boundary layer development. Three different roughnesses were investigated, with a ratio of the center line average roughness to the profile chord of 0.8·10−5 , 5·10−5 and 25·10−5 . Tests were carried out under design outlet Mach number (Ma 2 th = 0.6 ), outlet Reynolds number ranging from Re 2 th = 5·104 to Re 2 th = 7·105 and inlet turbulence level Tu1 = 3% and Tu1 = 6% . The flow field downstream of the cascade and the loading distribution on the profiles were measured for each investigated operating point using five hole probes and surface static pressure taps. Additional measurements with a hot-wire probe in the suction surface (SS) boundary layer were also conducted, in order to investigate the differences in boundary layer development due to surface roughness. From loss and blade loading measurements it was found that roughness has no influence on the pressure distribution on the profile, although the highest investigated roughness produces a significant loss reduction at low Reynolds numbers. Hot-wire probe surveys show that at Re 2 th = 9·104 the boundary layer for the highest roughness immediately upstream of the flow separation point on the SS is substantially thinner than for the middle roughness and the smooth profile.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The analysis on mechanical properties of ice-composite focus on three aspects. The first is the novelty of the material. As an ice composite, the selection and placement of different fibres will have a crucial impact on the material and properties of the composite. Regarding the type of fibre,10 groups of controlled experiments are designed totally with materials commonly used in daily life, with three samples in each group and 33 samples in total. The fillers include cloth of socks, polyester fibre plastic bags (hard, soft, garbage sorting bags), pulp, hemp ropes, nylon ropes, non-woven fabrics, bamboo fibre, and the mask material applied in preventing COVID-19 specially. Considering that in most cases, the mask is a one-off, it is also creatively thought of using disinfected waste masks as reinforcement material for the ice-composite to reduce the waste of recyclable materials. Considering that disposable masks commonly used in this scheme usually consist of an inner and outer layer, as shown in the figure. The applicability of these two fibres was investigated by adding these materials prepared by the inner and outer layers of masks into the Ice-composite. In order to systematically study the influence of different variables on ice composites, different control groups in four directions are set: fibre type, fibre content, fibre length, and fibre orientation. For each control group, more than 2 types of materials were tested and relevant parameters were analysed according to the results. In addition, as a result of the experiment environment to room temperature, and in the process of operation, hands and other body parts contact could accelerate the melting of the ice, leading to the change of the sample properties. To conquer this problem, a blank control group which contains only ice at room temperature is set to make a comparison and provide a standard for determining the improvement of fibre added ice-composite. (The parameters measured in this sample will be used as correction factors in the experiment so that the real properties of the resulting ice composite can be measured.) Considering the influence of fibre orientation on material properties, an extra control group for the same kind of materials is set: one group is stirred evenly with the matrix, and the other group is placed vertically along the direction of the box. In terms of testing, the mechanical properties of the products are mainly tested, including Stiffness Properties, Elastic property. Three related physical properties, the elastic modulus E, the shear modulus G, and the Poisson's ratio V, are measured to evaluate. Tensile and compressive strength in X, Y, and Z directions are also considered. In particular, different evaluation systems are established for uniform and multilayer unidirectional composite (longitudinal). In addition, a series of properties, such as bend strength, impact strength, and fracture toughness are measured. Considering the limits of daily measuring instruments, the melting of ice in the operation process affects the measurement of normal strain and the fact that the strain of ice composite material is relatively small, it is creatively thought to use a laser pointer and cosmetic mirror which are common in the multimedia classroom of the university campus to magnify the tiny deformation to facilitate measurement. In terms of the result presentation, it is tried to use broken line charts to show the correlation between various variables and material properties. Finally, the error sources existing in the experiment has been summarized and some improvement plans are proposed according to the existing problems of this experiment.


come to consider the clinical implications of the anatomical findings discussed in our article.^ The essence of our study was to indicate that the myocardial atrial approaches are almost certainly involved in the pathways for dual nodal transmission, and that lesions made by ablationists and surgeons are well removed from the histologically specialized zones making up the atrioventricular junctional area. These points are further emphasized, and illustrated, in two additional articles in the October 1993 issue of the journal.*'' Dr. Racker is seeking to establish that the histologically specialized areas are more extensive but that, in her concept, the atrioventricular node is insulated by the connective tissues of the central fibrous body. We are aware of no histologic study in the human atrioventricular conduction system that supports this viewpoint. Furthermore, already clinical cardiologists are beginning to interpret Dr. Racker's work in the dog to suggest that histologically specialized tracts belonging to the atrioventricular nodal apparatus surround the mouth of the coronary sinus.* This is potentially confusing, since the interventionist following the concept shown in Figure 2 of Moulton's article* might erroneously believe that lesions placed in the floor of the coronary sinus were damaging histologically specialized tissues. Any cardiologist can check the validity of this suggestion simply by having the pathologist remove and study histologically the floor of the coronary sinus. All that will be found is atrial myocardium. Further confirmation of this fact was provided recently by a study from the Amsterdam group,' which showed that an antibody raised against bovine Purkinje fibers reacted, in the atrium, only with the cells of the sinus node and the compact atrioventricular node. The results of that study^ were entirely consistent with our study and bore no resemblance to the concept advanced by Dr. Racker.


Humans have always sought to mimic the appearance, mobility, functionality, intelligent operation, and thinking process of biological creatures. In recent years, significant advances have been made in making sophisticated biologically inspired systems. Using these advances, scientists and engineers are increasingly reverse engineering many animals' capabilities. Progress in artificial intelligence, artificial vision, and many other biomimetic related fields are leading to many benefits to humankind. The mimicking of humans is the ultimate and most challenging goal of developing biologically inspired technologies. Lifelike robots that appear and function like humans are becoming increasingly an engineering reality. The use of biomimetic technologies are enabling the possibility of making realistically looking and operating robots. New actuators, sensors and software control algorithms are being developed to support the mobility and the operation in the vicinity and in cooperation with humans. The accelerated pace of the advances in biomimetics seems to make inevitable the development of such machines as our household appliance or even companion. This paper covers the current state-of-the-art and challenges to making humanlike robots.


In Northeast China, most classrooms in primary and secondary schools still use natural ventilation during cold days in winter. This study investigated the thermal comfort and the perceived air quality of children in primary schools in severe cold regions in China. Field measurements were conducted in four typical primary classrooms in two naturally ventilated teaching buildings in the winter of 2016 in the provincial city of Shenyang. Six field surveys were distributed to 141 primary students aged 8 to 11, and 835 valid questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the indoor temperature and the daily mean CO2 concentrations of the primary school classrooms ranged from 17.06 to 24.29 °C and from 1701 to 3959 ppm, respectively. The thermal neutral temperature of the primary school students was 18.5 °C, and the 90% thermal comfort temperature ranged from 17.3 to 20.1 °C. Children were able to respond to changes in indoor air quality, but there was no significant correlation between the children's perceptions of air quality and the carbon dioxide levels in the classroom. In general, children have a lower comfort temperature than adults. In addition, children are more sensitive to temperature changes during the heating season than adults. Due to differences in thermal sensation between children and adults, the current thermal comfort standard based on adult data is not applicable to primary school buildings and children. The air quality evaluation during heating season indicates that it is necessary to add indoor air environment monitoring instruments and purification equipment to the naturally ventilated classrooms. At present and in the future, more research based on children's data is needed to solve the indoor air environment problems in primary school buildings.


The authors attempt to characterize second breakdown as heating phenomena which can occur in one of two places, either at the p-n interface at low current or at the n-n<sup>+</sup>interface at higher current. The transition point between these two states occurs at a current I<inf>t</inf>= qV<inf>sat</inf>N<inf>D</inf>S where the n-region field is uniform and at a voltage V<inf>t</inf>= ε<inf>sat</inf>W<inf>epi</inf>just necessary to saturate the drift velocity in W<inf>epi</inf>.


This paper discusses the history and the condition about intelligent buildings development in the universities.At the same time,it is pointed out that the intelligent buildings subject is a cross one among many subjects and setting up a cross specialty is an important way to develop newly subjects. It also deals with the structure adjustment of the specialties related to intelligent buildings. The means of strengthening the intelligent buildings technology teaching in the related specialties and the mode of the intelligent buildings practical teaching is stressed.


We relate the Z2 gauge theory formalism of the Kitaev model to the SU(2) gauge theory of the resonating valence bond physics. Furthermore, we reformulate a known (Feng et al (2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 087204), Chen and Hu (2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 193101), Chen and Nussinov (2008 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 41 075001) and Mandal et al (2006 Int. Conf. on Physics Near the Mott Transition)) Jordan–Wigner transformation of the Kitaev model on a torus in a general way that shows that it can be thought of as a Z2 gauge-fixing procedure. We give an explicit construction of the generators of large gauge transformations on a torus in terms of the spin operators. Using these and the non-trivial loop operators, we construct four mutually anti-commuting operators which commute with the Hamiltonian enabling us to prove that all eigenstates of this model, for the time-reversal symmetric case, are fourfold degenerate in the thermodynamic limit.


Stage of the disease at transplant is critical for outcome after unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation (UD-UCBT). The results of UD-UCBT in adults transplanted early in the course of their disease are unclear. Thus, UD-UCBT remains as the last resort for most patients. The major aim of this report was to study the outcome of a series of adult patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing UD-UCBT early in the course of their disease in a single institution. From May 1997 to May 2004, 40 patients in early disease stages underwent UD-UCBT. All patients received thiotepa, busulfan (orally in 29, intravenously in 11), cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (Lymphoglobulin in 24 and Thymoglobulin in 16) as conditioning, cyclosporine and prednisone for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, and filgrastim to fasten engraftment. Diagnosis were chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase in 14 cases, high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 14 (12 in CR1, 1 in CR2, and 1 in CR3), high-risk acute myeloblastic leukemia in 8 (7 in CR1 and 1 in CR2), and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in 4 (3 untreated and 1 in CR1). Median age was 27 years (range, 16–46). The degree of HLA match (HLA-A and -B by serology and -DRB1 by high-resolution DNA typing) was 6/6 in 2 (5%), 5/6 in 18 (45%), and 4/6 in 20 cases (50%). The median number of nucleated and CD34+ cells infused was 1.8 x 10 7 /kg (range, 0.9–4) and 0.8 x 10 5 /kg (range, 0.1–5.7) respectively. Median time to PMN above 0.5 x 10 9 /L and to platelets above 20 x 10 9 /L was 22 days (range, 13–44) and 69 days (range, 32–188), and the cumulative incidence of myeloid and platelet engraftment was 90% (95% CI, 81–99%) and 70% (95% CI, 57–86%), respectively. Time to myeloid engraftment showed a direct relationship with the number of CFU-GM and CD34 cells cryopreserved (P = .02 and .01 respectively) and infused (P = .0001 and .0004 respectively). Platelet engraftment was faster in patients receiving grafts with a higher number of CFU-GM (P = .005) and CD34+ cells (P = .04), in those receiving Thymoglobulin (P = .02) and in those not developing acute GVHD above grade II (P = .04). Eight patients (20%) developed acute GVHD above grade II, and 9 of 25 patients at risk had extensive chronic GVHD. Patients receiving Thymoglobulin had a lower risk of acute GVHD (P = .0003). With a median follow-up of 33 months (range, 3–87), the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 years was 48% (95% CI, 30–66%) and was related directly to age (P = .004) and inversely to the development of acute GVHD above grade II (P = .004). The probability of DFS at 3 years was 66 % for patients younger than 31 years and 54% for those not developing acute GVHD above grade II. Cell dose, degree of HLA mismatch, and diagnosis did not clearly influence DFS. These results compare to those obtained after matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation, and suggest that UD-UCBT is a reasonable first-line option for adults with hematologic malignancies requiring transplantation and lacking a HLA-matched sibling donor.


This work presents a method for retrieval in knowledge bases expressed in Description Logics, founded in the instance-based learning. The procedure implements the disjunctive version space approach exploiting a notion of semantic difference. The method can be employed both to answer to class-membership queries, even though the answers are not logically entailed by the knowledge base, e.g. there are some inconsistent assertions due to heterogeneous sources. In addition, it may also predict/suggest new assertions The method has been implemented and tested in an experimentation, where we show that it is sound and effective.


The software of network flows and account processing is designed and developed by graphics development kit of lightweight components of Swing which is provided by Java. By constructing a structural operation panel, automation of the cost statistic of network flows,tab sent and account query can be achieved automatically .


Fungal involvement in the biodeterioration of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) has received great attention in recent years. Among diverse groups of fungi, endolichenic fungi (ELF) are adapted to thrive in resource‐limited conditions. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of mangrove‐associated ELF, in the biodeterioration of LDPE and to quantify key‐depolymerizing enzymes. A total of 31 ELF species, isolated from 22 lichens of mangrove ecosystems in Negombo lagoon, Sri Lanka were identified using DNA barcoding techniques. ELF were inoculated into a mineral salt medium, containing LDPE strips and incubated at 28 ± 2°C, for 21 days, under laboratory conditions. After incubation, biodeterioration was monitored based on percent reductions in weights and tensile properties, increments in the degree of water absorption, changes in peaks of infrared spectra and surface erosions using scanning electron microscopy. Out of 31 species, Chaetomium globosum, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Neofusicoccum occulatum, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Schizophyllum commune and Xylaria feejeensis showed significant changes. Production of depolymerizing enzymes by these species was assayed qualitatively using plate‐based methods and quantitatively by mass‐level enzyme production. Among them, Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the highest enzyme activities as (9·69 ± 0·04) × 10−3, (1·96 ± 0·01) × 10−3, (5·73 ± 0·03) × 10−3, (0·88 ± 0·01), (0·64 ± 0·06), (1·43 ± 0·01) U ml−1 for laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, amylase, lipase and esterase, respectively.


System for filling large sacks of goods in which a large sack is positionable with a snovs of a relative to a guide tube telescopically mounted outer tube while storsaekkens bottom rests against a support, wherein the guide tube is adapted to feeding a measured quantity of goods in a vertical power from an overhead off-dispensing system, and through the outer tube and down into the big sack wherein the transfer tube at its upper end comprises at least one radially extending engagement surface adapted for releasable retention against another foringsrors downward facing edge, and or against udportioneringsanlaegets subpages.


To obtain a true array shape of a horizontal flexible long-line hydrophone array and improve the performance of the subsequent signal processing algorithm,a novel algorithm for array shape estimation is proposed.With the assumption that the signal emitted by auxiliary sources is a wideband spherical wave,a fitting function is first constructed based on the theory of weighted subspace fitting through the eigen-decomposition of the covariance matrix at each frequency point.The off-line estimation of a array shape is attained using Gauss-Newton and alternating-projection algorithm.Four main kinds of error sources are analyzed which can deteriorate the performance of this algorithm in practice.Simulation results show that this new algorithm extend the limit of auxiliary sources' bandwidth and distance,and has better performance and robustness than the algorithm in which plane wave and narrowband source is utilized.


Optical processing techniques are used to transform, manipulate, or transmit information. The Soviet Union has vigorously pursued optical processing since the 1960s. This report summarizes Soviet capabilities in hardware, particularly in materials and devices, as well as their capability in applications such as image processing and signal processing/computing. Soviet work in optical signal processing may be characterized as follows: good in terms of fundamental science of materials; capable of producing good materials (often on a par with the West); curious lack of activity with ferroelectric liquid crystals; unique capability in biochrome materials; good capabilities in waveguide devices; good research on spatial light modulators using electro-optic materials; lacking in fabrication techniques for devices; good in terms of statistical analysis of expected system performance; lacking in microelectronic support capabilities; and general lack of innovation for new signal processing architectures. 400 refs., 14 figs., 7 tabs.


National policy played a non-trivial and controversial role in the establishment, formation, development and collapse of the Soviet state. Nations were for the bolsheviks a bourgeois vestige that was dying away with the construction of a socialist society. However, having seized power in a peasant country, they were forced to build a new state, counting on the entry of various peoples into it. A result was the ethno-federalist design of the USSR under the de facto centralism of the leadership of the Communist Party by complex balances and compromises. This society underwent a complex evolution, during which the country was drawn into modernization, which changed the social structure of society with a new system of demands and interests of the elites, which led to a relatively painless collapse of the USSR. Contemporary Russia is a society, on the one hand, with the dominance of the urban population, the way of life of an information society of mass consumption and the demand for civic identity as the basis for the consolidation of society is being formed in the country. On the other hand, the primordialist (ethno-cultural) nation understanding dominates in legal acts, journalism, public opinion. The problem solution presupposes a constructive public dialogue.


Some national health authorities were in favour of market withdrawal of diacerein, a "slow-acting symptomatic" treatment for osteoarthritis, because of a disproportionate risk of adverse effects.


We consider the circumstances under which the latitudinal differential rotation of the solar convective envelope can (or cannot) be imprinted on the underlying radiative core through the agency of a hypothetical weak, large-scale poloidal magnetic field threading the solar radiative interior. We do so by constructing steady, two-dimensional axisymmetric solutions to the coupled momentum and induction equations under the assumption of a purely zonal flow and time-independent poloidal magnetic field. Our results show that the structure of the interior solutions is entirely determined by the boundary conditions imposed at the core-envelope interface. Specifically, in the high Reynolds number regime a poloidal field having a nonzero component normal to the core-envelope interface can lead to the transmission of significant differential rotation into the radiative interior. In contrast, for a poloidal field that is contained entirely within the radiative core, any differential rotation is confined to a thin magnetoviscous boundary layer located immediately beneath the interface, as well as along the rotation/magnetic axis. We argue that a magnetically decoupled configuration is more likely to be realized in the solar interior. Consequently, the helioseismically inferred lack of differential rotation in the radiative core does not necessarily preclude the existence of a weak, large-scale poloidal field therein. We suggest that such a field may well be dynamically significant in determining the structure of the solar tachocline.


SUMMARY Previous records are revised, and new identifications of reptiles are presented, based on a study of specimensin older collections. Amphibious marine forms of Alpine Trias and Muschelkalk affinities are recognized from the Midlands, albeit on tantalizingly incomplete material. Such evidence as the reptiles provide indicates an early to mid-Ladinian age for the upper part of the Building Stones, the boundary between Anisian and Ladinian here being taken to lie within the Middle Muschelkalk.


The conc. of 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate) in dry muscle, organs, and stomach contents of rabbits poisoned by eating baited carrots ranged from 0.004 to 0.423 mg/g. Stomach contents (mainly masticated carrot bait) and livers contained the highest concn., followed by stomach tissue, kidneys, heart, and muscle. The total 1080 content in rabbits ranged from 0.01 to 4.88 mg. The risk of secondary poisoning in animals eating rabbits poisoned by 1080 was evaluated using 2 methods. Foxes, dingos, dogs and cats probably face the greatest risk of secondary poisoning. The extent to which other carrion-eating animals, particularly birds and small dasyurids, are at risk depends on their feeding habits and wheter they are able to vomit or develop an aversion to the taste and smell of 1080. Secondary poisoning can be minimized by using the minimum effective concn. of 1080 in baits and by removing the dead animals from the treated area.


In recent years, the study of learner autonomy has received increasing attention from teachers in China. This study sets out to explore the degree of non-English majors' learner autonomy influencing learner autonomy in self-access language learning environment. The researcher tries to find out possible strategies to improve learner autonomy in the current Chinese context and offer references for those universities and colleges. Results from the study show that the overall degree of non-English majors' learner autonomy stays at an intermediate level. It is suggested that teachers should give some learning strategies training according to China's English teaching and learning context.


Five history teachers' perceptions of students reading comprehension, reading of historical texts, the influence of education and the subject has been examined in this article. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between students' reading comprehension and their development of historical consciousness. A qualitative method of semi-structured interviews was used to generate data that has undergone analysis method grounded theory.To answer the article purpose this article has two research questions, namely how history teachers work with students reading of historical texts and how the history teachers feel that students' difficulties with the text reading affects the teaching of history. History teachers have a number of strategies that they use when students would read historical texts in history teaching. The strategies can be categorized as concept and students' vocabulary, reading aloud, discussion, qualifications, and to adapt and make clear to the students. History teachers felt that students' difficulties with the text reading affects the teaching of history, which has generated that the teacher avoids and reduces the scope of the text and there for there is a need of strategies when historical texts are to be read.The results showed on the basis of the study, its theoretical framework and research location, the historical texts can promote the students' development of historical consciousness, but because out of their lack of reading skills they need to get the support of strategies. The strategies that the teachers made use of is important for students' reading comprehension, reading of historical texts and development of historical consciousness. This result has also been strengthened with scientific research relating to historical awareness and reading comprehension.


Thin film capacitors with alumina dielectrics were formed on glass substrates. The dielectrics was prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering under following conditions: the power of the RF generator was 70 W and 150 W, the pressure of argon was 1.5 and 2.5 Pa and the flow of oxygen was 10 and 20 ml/min. The time of sputtering was 20 min. Mathematical models of the sputtering process for the capacitance and the loss factor of the capacitors in dependence on the process parameters (power of the RF generator, argon pressure and oxygen flow) were found using the method of factorial experiments. It was found that the significance of the process parameters and their interactions on the capacitance of the capacitors is comparable whereas the power of the RF generator has the highest influence on the loss factor of the capacitors.


A fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac Fock method with Breit and QED corrections is used to calculate the 2s 2 1S 0 -2s2p 1P 1(Z=10~103) transition energy level separations and transition probabilities for the Like Be ions. In calculation, we consider significant Breit and QED corrections, the results are in good agreements with recent experimental data and other theoretical values. The results show that the electric dipole transition probabilities of highly ionised atoms are larger 10 4~10 5 than those of neutral atomic E1 transitions and will not be able to ignore in the laser plasma of high temperature in ICF and MCF fusions.


The urea plant imported by CNOOC Chemical Co., Ltd. was successfully put into operation on Sep.30,2003 at its first starting up.It is a symbol of the first set of 2700t/d urea plant in our country putting into operation. There are more advanced process technologies in this plant.This paper presents its proess characteristics and the latest Stamicarbon technologies.


There have been a number of protocols proposed for anonymous network communication. In this paper, we investigate attacks by corrupt group members that degrade the anonymity of each protocol over time. We prove that when a particular initiator continues communication with a particular responder across path reformations, existing protocols are subject to the attack. We use this result to place an upper bound on how long existing protocols, including Crowds, Onion Routing, Hordes, Web Mixes, and DC-Net, can maintain anonymity in the face of the attacks described. This provides a basis for comparing these protocols against each other. Our results show that fully connected DC-Net is the most resilient to these attacks, but it suffers from scalability issues that keep anonymity group sizes small. We also show through simulation that the underlying topography of the DC-Net affects the resilience of the protocol: as the number of neighbors a node has increases the strength of the protocol increases, at the cost of higher communication overhead.