[Objective]To evaluate the indications,efficacy and safety of posterior total laminectomy decompression and reduction with pedicle screws for lower cervical fracture and dislocation.[Method]From June 2005 to February 2008,41 patients with lower cervical fracture and dislocation received posterior total laminectomy decompression and reduction with pedicle screws.The patients(M=32,F=9)were 22-47 years old,with an average of 33.5 years old.There were 38 fresh and 3 old injuries.[Result]All the patients were operated on successfully without severe complications during perioperative period.Totally 252 (89%) screws were exactly implanted in the cervical pedicle.The everage surgery time was 3.1 h (2.5-4 h).The average blood loss during the operation was 460 ml (250-950 ml). The average time of follow-up was 27.5 months(24-36 months). All patients had satisfiactory reduction and no internal fixator failure.Thirty-two patients who were followed up for more than 24 months had complete fusion. The motor and sensory score (ASIA92) were improved significantly at 2 years follow-up(P0.05).[Conclusion]Posterior total laminectomy decompression and reduction with pedicle screws for lower cervical fracture and dislocation is a safe and effective technique for freatment of lower cervical fracture and dislocation.


The invention provides a back-junction back-contact solar cell, which comprises a substrate, a light-receiving composite layer, second passivation layers, first electrode composite layers, a type II doped semiconductor layer and a second electrode, and is characterized in that the light-receiving composite layer is composited at the front surface of the substrate; the second passivation layers and the first electrode composite layers are composited at the back surface of the substrate; the second passivation layers and the first electrode composite layers are alternatively arranged; the type II doped semiconductor layer is composited at the surface of the second passivation layer; and the second electrode is arranged on the type II doped semiconductor layer. According to the back-junction back-contact solar cell provided by the invention for carrier selection, the type II doped semiconductor layer is arranged on the passivation layer to act as an emitting electrode of a backlight surface of the battery by using the characteristic of carrier selectivity of the type II doped semiconductor layer, and metal is electrically contacted with the emitting electrode directly. The emitting electrode has excellent surface passivation and the carrier selection characteristic that majority carriers are only allowed to be longitudinally transported. In addition, the back-junction back-contact solar cell has the characteristics of simple battery preparation process and low cost.


Background According to the 1992 version of ACLS guideline, adenosine is recommended as the first line drug for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT). But adenosine is not used fiequently in our country, despite currently proven effect and safety Therefore we tried to compare the efficacy and safety of adenosine with verapamil for the treatment for PSVT. Materials and Methods. We prospectively reviewed charts of PSVT patients admitted to YongDong Severance Hospital from Jan 1995 to Dec 1996 These patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was given 6mg of adenosine initially, and another 12mg was given within 5 minutes if first dose failed The other group was given 5mg of verapamil initially, and if failed, 10mg was given within 10 minutes. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test and student-t method Results In converting PSVT to normal rhythm, adenosine and verapamil showed similar results and there was no difference between the two groups in fiequecy of side effects, but serious arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia was not seen in the adenosine group.
 Conclusion Adenosine not only showed comparable effect and safety, but also had shorter action time tban vera- pamil, Therefpre we recommand adenosine, as a safe and effective first line drug for PSVT


Henningsen, P. Continuous Measurement of Po2, Pco2 and pH in Blood. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 22, 33-36, 1968.A new measuring system, based on commercially available equipment for continuous measuring of Po2, Pco2 and pH in blood, is described. A small extracorporeal circulation, where the blood is passing through a measuring chamber containing the electrodes is used. The output from the electrodes is via measuring instruments recorded with a dot-recorder. The measured results agree well with the results from ordinary electrode assemblies. The system has been very useful in animal experiments, especially as a control during extracorporeal circulation.


An analysis is carried out to study the effect of the magnetic field on the boundary layer flow of the nanofluids over an isothermal stretching surface. Two types of nanofluids namely Ag–water and Cu– water are considered. Similarity transformation is used to convert the governing nonlinear equations into coupled higher order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Fourth-order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique is employed for the numerical solution of the obtained equations. Numerical results are obtained for distribution of velocity, temperature and concentration, for both cases .The numerical results indicate that an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction will decrease the velocity boundary layer thickness. Meanwhile, the presence of nanoparticles results in an increase in the magnitude of the skin friction along the surface. Such effects are found to be more evident in the Ag–water solution than in the Cu–water solution. The obtained numerical results have been presented graphically and discussed in details.


Communication links, as a part of coordinated control in dc microgrids (MGs), play an essential role in achieving high operational performance. In this article, a bipolar topology based on series modular structure of dc MG is designed, and a complementary dual-window dc bus interacting (CDBI) method which combines droop control with antidroop control is proposed to improve the robustness of system and against communication failure. In the proposed CDBI method, distributed generations regard dc buses as common communication channels for information exchange, and the coordinated control within the dc MGs can be realized through predesigned sequences of voltage pulses without extra communication links. Finally, the proposed symmetrical bipolar structure and communication-free coordinated control scheme have been verified in various cases through rapid control prototype. The experimental results show that the bipolar-type dc MG controlled by the proposed CDBI method can supply high-quality power for a long time even in the case of communication failure.


BS>The effects of Na on SS GA-3 electric cable were examined. The cable is considered as replacement for the M. I. cable specified for the SSN 575. The cable is described, along with test procedures and results. It was concluded that further tests are required before a recommendation can be made. (J.R.D.)


A novel CMOS current Schmitt trigger based on current mirrors is presented, using only seven MOS transistors. The significant feature of the circuit is that one threshold current is controlled by a bias current and the other by an MOS transistor dimension, depending on the circuit implementation. A design example and the simulation results are given.


During programming the software of systemand application,the timer is a lways used to set the command timeout and to trigger the event and s o on.The kernel objects are used to ma nage all kinds of source in Windows system,and timer is the one of them.T his article mainly discusses about t he Timer' s implement methods and fea-ture in Windows,Linux,TCP /IP ,and g ive the examples of application.


Here, we studied the role of nitric oxide (NO) production during the first steps of the respiratory infection of BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), strain F. Nitric oxide synthase II (NOS‐II) mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR and dot blot, respectively in samples of lungs and turbinates early post‐infection (p.i.). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed pulmonar macrophages and PMN expressing NOS‐II in the lungs of infected animals. Animals intranasally treated with aminoguanidine (AG), a NOS inhibitor, during the first steps of infection, showed a dose‐dependent increase in pneumonitis compared to controls. Viral titres in turbinates, lungs, and brains were higher in AG treated mice. Finally, histopathology studies revealed a stronger inflammation in eyes, and lungs of these animals. Taken together, these results suggest a role of NO in controlling primary HSV intranasal infection. J. Med. Virol. 73:313–322, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The key to an economical service is in the sharing of physical resources among the customers. This applies to the information storage and sourcing devices, as well as to the transmission bandwidth. One of the possible solutions to the resource sharing problem is the grouping of customers with similar service requests, and broadcasting the information rather than granting the service individually. The customers' behavior (in particular, the customers' patience) is modeled, and the service performance for different service scenarios is analyzed. It is shown that in case of the threshold-activated service scenario, it is possible to optimize the service performance by using the statistics of the service requests and customer patience.<<ETX>>


Abstract : This report describes an intelligent system, the Advice-Taker/Inquirer. Its principal capabilities are: (1) accept expert advice in the form of principles; (2) accept expert advice in the form of examples; (3) make inquiries to the advisor when the advice is vague, incomplete, or contradictory; (4) apply the advice in the field; and (5) evaluate and adapt its advice on the basis of experience. The motivation for such a system is obvious. Many task environments are so complex that it is impossible or impractical to specify an effective algorithmic strategy for them. In such environments the best way to specify a strategy usually is in terms of principles. The value of being able to use examples is that a single example may be more instructive than a large number of principles. The system makes inquiries when it detects logical problems with the advice, in order that it may not blindly follow a illogical strategy. Finally, the system applies and evaluates the advice in order to detect practical problems with the advice. If the system has access to a system that simulates the problems domain, it can detect practical problems before applying the strategy in the real world.


Abstract The electrical properties of composite materials over a wide frequency range are of great interest, not only for experimental applications, but also for theoretical studies such as fractal analysis. This study presents comparative analysis of alternating current (ac) conductivity and fractal structure characteristics in standard and single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforced polymer composites based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The electrical characteristics of polymer matrices at 320 K have been analyzed as a function of frequency by impedance analysis method. It was found that the conductivity of the nanotube doped material in the dc conductivity region, which is the low frequency region, is independent of the frequency and takes a constant value. It was proved that conductivity obeys Jonscher's power law toward the high frequency region. The standard sample showed an insulating behavior that exhibits continuous increase with increasing frequency. The images of the samples were obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal the relationship between the conductivity of the materials and their fractal properties. All samples were converted to binary format for calculations. Cellular particle density for each sample was determined according to scaling theory. Then, the surface coverage ratio, fractal dimensions, cluster densities, average cluster sizes and critical interface exponent values of the samples were calculated and compared with different samples in the literature. It was determined that the coverage ratio and fractal dimension increased when carbon nanotubes were added. In addition, it was observed that the interface critical exponent decreased when the carbon nanotube was doped.


Complex organic compounds formed from a gas mixture of CO, CH 4 and N 2 by radiation were characterized. The gas mixture was irradiated with high-energy protons and/or γ -rays. The product was analyzed with a number of techniques, including elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. It was proved that the product was a complicated mixture of complex organic compounds. It was suggested by gel filtration and MALDI-TOF-MS that molecules whose molecular weight was over 1000 were formed. The products gave amino acids after hydrolysis, and urea was identified by mass spectrometry after TMS-derivatization. These results together with FT-IR results suggested that the products have some common fragments such as –NH-CO-NH-. Proton irradiation gave quite hydrophilic products, while γ -irradiation gave more hydrophobic compounds. It was suggested that continuous irradiation of the products modified the structure of the products.


Extracting science from the LSST data stream requires a detailed knowledge of the properties of the LSST catalogs and images (from their detection limits to the accuracy of the calibration to how well galaxy shapes can be characterized). These properties will depend on many of the LSST components including the design of the telescope, the conditions under which the data are taken and the overall survey strategy. To understand how these components impact the nature of the LSST data the simulations group is developing a framework for high fidelity simulations that scale to the volume of data expected from the LSST. This framework comprises galaxy, stellar and solar system catalogs designed to match the depths and properties of the LSST (to r=28), transient and moving sources, and image simulations that ray-trace the photons from above the atmosphere through the optics and to the camera. We describe here the state of the current simulation framework and its computational challenges.


Introduction: Nowadays computers have become an integral part of life and its use for practitioners has created new risks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical and psychological complaints of computer users of an oil company in Abadan. Methodology: 199 computer users were selected randomly. The data were collected through questionnaires and they were analyzed through SPSS 19 software and descriptive statistics methods. Findings: The most common eye complaints include blurred vision, vertigo when viewing the monitor, tearing when working with computers, eye irritation, dryness in eye and ophthalmic pain. The most frequent psychosocial complaints include, headache after using computer, failure to reduce the use of computer, sleep disorders resulting from using computer. The most common musculoskeletal complaints respectively include pain in shoulder, arm, wrist, neck, knee, fingers and waist. 51.3% of employees were working in unsuitable condition and 48.7% were working in suitable circumstances. Results: the results of this research indicate high rates of complications faced by computer users and the effects of non-ergonomic factors of the environment on the incidence of complaints and necessity of improving ergonomic workplaces. [Afra A, Abedi HA, Ghodousi A, Farhadi S, Hojjati H. The study of physical and psychological complaints and their related factors in computer users of an oil company in Abadan. Life Sci J 2013;10(2s):132-138] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 22


* Abbreviation:
 COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent crisis. Racism is an enduring crisis that is inflamed in the presence of other crises. The Chinese word for "crisis" is composed of 2 characters, one signifying "danger" and the other, "opportunity" (Fig 1). The pandemics of COVID-19 and racism present clear danger. Our duty is to make sense of the opportunity by learning, understanding, and taking action.

FIGURE 1
The Chinese word for "crisis" is made up of 2 characters: danger and opportunity.

In this issue of Pediatrics , Cheah et al1 demonstrate the danger of these twin crises for Chinese American families. They surveyed parents and their children who reported a high rate of recent racist experiences, both in person and online. They also found a correlation with poor mental health. Like the subjects in their survey, the authors of this commentary (a Chinese American academic pediatrician parent and her daughter, a third-year medical student just starting her clinical rotations) have each experienced implicit and explicit bias and the rise of Sinophobia, both inside and outside the health care setting.

The findings in the article by Cheah et al1 are consistent with a recent Pew Research Foundation study in which 4 in 10 Americans reported that it has become more common since COVID-19 for people to express racist views about Asian Americans. Both Asian and Black …

Address correspondence to Tina L. Cheng, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, #8491, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: tcheng2{at}jhmi.edu


The progresses of laser fusion experiment by GEKKO XII and technology developments for inertial fusion energy in Japan are reviewed. New strategy of IFE addressing to reach the goal of IFE, power plant, is described.


This qualitative study aims to examine the maturity level of Indonesian government institutions (IGI) and state-owned enterprises (SEO) in knowledge management (KM). KM maturity is measured using three KM components—people, process, and technology—and categorized using four levels—develop, standardize, optimize, and innovate. This research collected and analyzed various forms of qualitative data, such as secondary data, in-depth interviews, and observations. An integrative case study was conducted and resulted in a clear understanding of the implementation, level, and output of KM maturity in IGI and SEOs. Research findings can be broken down into two outputs: (1) The identification of KM implementation in IGI and SEOs, which formed the basis of our KM mapping plot. KM has become a strategy to manifest bureaucratic reform in IGI to become knowledgeable institutions in disruptive settings; (2) A method to propose KM maturity level. Future research could incorporate the efficacy variables of KM implementation and develop KM maturity typology criteria.


3, the exhaust cooling system of the land and the operational amphibious vehicle 110 in the award mode, the exhaust system 150 to be cooled; At least one air-liquid heat exchanger (160, 165); At least one liquid-liquid heat exchanger 170; And the exhaust system, the air to be the cooling comprises cooling the liquid column in communication with the liquid heat exchanger 170 and is heated by the exhaust system (150) - liquid heat exchanger, and / or the liquid. When the amphibious vehicle (110) is operated in land mode, the cooling fluid is air-cooled by the liquid heat exchanger (s). When the vehicle is operating in the award mode, the cooling liquid is liquid-cooled by the liquid heat exchanger (s). The air-liquid heat exchanger (s) can be used in the aqueous phase. The vehicle may be the hwalsu, may have road wheels 120 for which can be accepted. The air-liquid heat exchanger (s) can be equipped with a front or rear of the vehicle, or elsewhere.


The assembly of enveloped viruses in eukaryotic cells requires interaction with cellular membrane trafficking and protein sorting machineries. Structural proteins of the virus, and key cellular components, must be brought together in a spatially and temporally controlled manner to allow the formation of infectious virus particles. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) is a particularly useful model for analysing these activities. The small genome, and the fact that only three virally encoded proteins are required for infectious particle formation, makes this virus an attractive model for cellular and biochemical analysis.


We propose a device architecture with Majorana fermions predicted to host a manifold of non-Fermi quantum impurity states. The device consists of a floating superconducting island carrying one-dimensional nanowires with Majorana end states. The Majorana are tunnel-coupled to normal leads while the island is Josephson-coupled to a bulk superconductor. In this system, the quantum impurity, nonlocally encoded by the Majorana fermions, experiences both Kondo screening and resonant Andreev reflection processes.

Surprisingly, we found that these two effects can coexist, leading to a ground state manifold with non-Fermi liquid continuous exponents. Our results were obtained using a combination of conformal field theory arguments, Abelian bosonization and an intuitive quantum Brownian motion analogy which explains the manifold in simple terms. We also found an illuminating analogy between our system and the two-channel two-impurity Kondo model.

The predicted manifold and its non-Fermi liquid nature can be identified in charge transport measurements, where we predict the appearance of nonlocal conductances with a power law temperature dependence. The power law exponent is continuously tunable within the manifold by changing gate voltages.


The invention discloses a cylinder body turnover type cleaning machine which comprises a base, wherein a revolution cleaning frame is mounted on the base in a rotating manner, the revolution cleaning frame is in power connection with a revolution driving device, a cleaning working area is arranged on one side of the revolution cleaning frame, two working positions which are driven by rotation of the revolution cleaning frame to alternately enter into the cleaning working area are arranged on the revolution cleaning frame, a cylinder body turnover bracket is mounted on the revolution cleaning frame in a rotating manner, the cylinder body turnover bracket is in power connection with a turnover driving device, and a cylinder body fixing and clamping device is arranged between the cylinder body turnover bracket and a cylinder body; and a cylinder body cleaning device is mounted in the cleaning working area. Driven by the rotation of the resolution cleaning frame, the two working positions can alternately enter into the cleaning working area, the standby time is reduced and the production efficiency is improved; and the cylinder body is clamped on the cylinder body turnover bracket on the two working positions, the cylinder body turnover bracket can drive the cylinder body to overturn, all the surfaces of the cylinder body can be conveniently cleaned, the heavy and trivial manual turnover operation can be avoided, and the production efficiency is also greatly improved.


To present retinal and visual findings in a Norwegian west coast diabetic population and to elucidate the effect of dietary intake of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR).


Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a small shrub, belonging to family Compositae. It is also known as sweet leaf or sugar leaf. Stevia has gained importance as a high potency natural sweetener. Stevia leaves contain complex mixture of diterpene glycosides, including stevioside, rebaudiosides, steviolbioside and dulcoside A which are responsible for sweetness. Stevioside are 250 to 300 times sweeter than sugar. Hence attempt was made to utilize stevia leaf powder for preparation of low calorie aonla ladoo. Low calorie aonla ladoo were prepared by replacing 0, 25, 50 and100% sugar with natural sweetener (stevia) powder. On the basis of sensory analysis, low calorie aonla ladoo replacing 50% sugar by stevia was found most acceptable. The freshly prepared low calorie aonla ladoo containing stevia as sugar replacer was analyzed for various chemical characteristics. The moisture content (48.3%), water activity (0.87), total soluble solids (42.6%), total sugars (32.3%), reducing sugars (18.3%), titratable acidity (2.29%), ascorbic acid (271 mg/100 g), pectin (0.49%), total phenols (1.84 mg/g), antioxidant activity (59.4%) and non-enzymatic browning (0.08) were recorded for low calorie aonla ladoo containing stevia. Thus, present study was first in its kind to determine overall acceptability, chemical composition and effect of storage period on chemical constituents of low calorie aonla ladoo obtained from aonla fruits cv. Chakaiya and stevia leaf powder.


Applying strain to a Weyl semimetal (WSM) breaks its lattice symmetry and results in a valley-dependent strain gauge potential. Here, we investigate the application of the strain potential to modulate the valley and charge transport of a WSM-based $n$-$p$-$n$ junction system. The strain potential, in combination with insulating barriers, enables modulation of the current and the realization of valley-asymmetric transmission with a high on:off ratio. By considering the geometric optics of electron waves and the transverse displacement of Fermi surfaces due to the strain gauge, we derive the critical strains for switching the current, as well as for the onset of complete angular separation of the two valley currents. The analytical results are verified by numerical calculations of the tunneling transmission and conductance. We also derive the expression for the subthreshold swing of the device, which can achieve values below the thermionic limit by tuning the strain and barrier height.


The present invention is discharged, a purified water outlet nipple of the drinking water supply relates to a discharge tap water supply and eating with a sterilization system that can sterilize the discharge tap of the water supply and eating, such as water purification system, water dispenser even before the photocatalyst and completely with ultraviolet rays, ultraviolet rays, ozone, various methods such as electrolysis sterilization sterilization even as the treated water, outlet or tap exposure to airborne bacteria present in the air, or discharged to the bacteria, such as due to the contact during the use of the person tap After contamination, since the water flowing through the tap discharge is contaminated with bacteria, it relates to using the hot water of the hot water storage tank water supply outlet tap eating the discharge tap water supply is installed eating sterilization system for the sterilization process.


(57) [Abstract] concept of the present invention transmits multiple signals on one channel in the same cell, and is the production of different high frequency characteristic for the signal received via the same channel. Different signal characteristics, for example, send or signal modulates the signal in different ways from different points occurs by experience different radio channels for different signals. The different properties can be distinguished from each other signaled by joint detection interference cancellation method. A downlink direction from the base transceiver station to a mobile station, in the uplink direction from the mobile station to the base transceiver station, to use a different method is often effective.


The cloud computing technology unveils unprecedented potential to serve the users from a totally virtual interface and with almost no infrastructure. Cloud computing increases the utilization of the physical resources, by optimal and shared usage, thereby allowing the user to leverage the maximum takings out of its investments. The benefits offered by cloud technology, motivate organizations to shift to clouds in order to serve their clientele with the best service while engaging the least resources and hence making the best profits. Talking about the flip side of coin, the cloud is not only vulnerable to various existing network and data attacks, but also opens up avenues for many new ones. In cloud, services provided by third parties, make ways for additional security threats. Movement of user's data in Multi-tenant and shared architecture makes security a bigger concern. Objective of this paper is to enlist various aspects, sensitive to security concerns and also the latest resolutions present. Finally, the paper provides concluding remarks and further research scopes.


According to the Genebank published sequence of west nile virus ,a pair of primers were designed and synthesized in order to amplify E gene of West Nile virus.The E gene was obtained by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) ,subsequently cloned into pMD18-T-Vector.The nucleotide of West Nile virus E gene was compared with the corresponding sequences of published sequence of WNV,the nucleotide homology was 99.7% suggesting,that it is E gene of West Nile virus..


To reproduce the non-Gaussian nature of wind pressure fluctuations on roofs,a new simulation algorithm is proposed for generating a multi-variate stationary non-Gaussian wind pressure field.A novel four-parameter exponential function is used to express the transformation of a Gaussian process to the non-Gaussian wind pressure process.Then a set of nonlinear equations is derived to determine the parameters of the exponential function.Based on the property of the joint density of a bi-variate Gaussian vector,the relation between correlation functions is obtained.Therefore the non-Gaussian wind pressure field is expressed as a function of a fictitious Gaussian vector process.And the wave superposition method can be employed to generate the underlying Gaussian processes.The engineering example indicates that the proposed algorithm is both efficient and accurate.Hence the algorithm is suitable for engineering application.


The replacement of cortical bone by fibrous connective tissue that may be caused by parathyroid hormone-mediated bone resorption with secondary fibroplasia.


The Covid-19 virus can spread rapidly in the air and cause the epidemic to rage around the world. This study takes a typical office as the research object and proposes four different partition settings to suppress the spread of the virus in the air based on displacement ventilation. And these strategies are verified by DPM model simulations of two daily situations of indexed person for coughing and talking. This study then employed a modified Wells-Riley model to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in mitigating the risk of viral infection. As expected, in the absence of a partition, a susceptible person at the other end of the seat greatly increased the risk of infection. Partitions can significantly reduce the risk of infection (100% → 20%), while partitions with a full-wrapped structure can reduce the risk of infection to less than 1%. For the instantaneous release scenario of coughing, the barrier can capture a large particle diameter (>50 μm) particles, and the smaller particle diameter can be discharged out of the room with the thermal plume. The strategies provided in this study can provide recommendations for indoor epidemic prevention and control in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.


A regulated function on the real line is a real valued function whose left-hand and right-hand limits exist at all points. In this paper we examine a generalization of regulated functions to functions defined on Davison Spaces, which are topological spaces with a little extra structure. Properties of such functions are discussed. Our main result concerns the set of discontinuities of these functions. We also prove that regulated functions defined on the natural numbers, with the cofinite topology, coincide with convergent sequences.


It has been verified that a broadband high-reflection (HR) film could restrain electric-field intensity (EFI) enhancement effect in the nodular defects at normal incidence. However, it's impossible to design an omnidirectional HR coatings to avoid the light penetration from all incident angles at oblique incidence. In this paper, the EFI enhancement is simulated by using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code. Two types of polarizers that prevent light penetration at low and high incident angular range (IAR) are proposed to explore the influence of transmission band at different angles in the case of oblique incidence. The damage morphologies of nodules initiating from different diameter silica microspheres in polarizers reproduce the simulated EFI distributions very well. These results indicate that light penetration at high IAR rather than at low IAR contributes mostly to EFI enhancement. Then, the conclusion is proved further by the films with low and high IAR at normal incidence. Controlling the angle position of transmission band at small angle can reduce the EFI enhancement in the usual case and increase the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of films.


The article defines the theoretical approaches to corporate social responsibility. The basic directions of social programs of the leading Russian oil and gas enterprises are analyzed. The influence of social employment benefits on workers of the enterprises is considered.


The experiences of cultivatiing undergraduate's innovative ability in the course of modern chromatography is firstly discussed.Three parts including chromatography history teaching,theoretical chromatography teaching and practical teaching are used to show how to improve undergraduate's innovative ability.


Modification of the small-signal behaviour of bulk-semiconductor devices, due to the effective drift velocity resulting from the field dependence of the diffusion constant, is discussed. It is effectively less important at lower doping levels and at higher frequencies.


This paper presents the results of a field investigation into the implementation of President Clinton's "reinventing government' initiative: the National Performance Review (NPR). We examine the efforts of six federal agencies and identify some specific points of tension that have arisen during implementation. The paper concludes that the evident lack of any theoretical coherence to the reforms and the corresponding inability to "tell what's false" have contributed to the development of these points of tension and are likely to present continuing problems to managers attempting to resolve the multiple competing objectives included in the NPR recommendations.


Processor is the core chip of modern information processing system, which is seriously threatened by hardware Trojan. Side-channel analysis is the most promising method for hardware Trojan detection. However, most existing side-channel based detection approaches require golden chips as reference, which significantly increases the test cost and complexity. In this paper, we present a novel differential bit power analysis method which can detect data activated processor hardware Trojan without the need of golden chips or models. The proposed method exploits the intrinsic consistency of bit powers to detect outliers impacted by hardware Trojans. Data related power model of processor is amended. Differential bit power analysis program is proposed. Experimental measurements are done on field programmable gate array chip with open source 8051 processor and hardware Trojans. The effectiveness of propose method is proved by experiment results.


Five children with "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome associated with infectious mononucleosis are reported from Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel.


A chiral Brønsted acid containing two different acidic sites, chiral carboxylic acid-monophosphoric acid 1a, was designed to be a new and effective concept in catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of azopyridinecarboxylate with amidodienes. The multipoint hydrogen-bonding interactions among the carboxylic acid, monophosphoric acid, azopyridinecarboxylate, and amidodiene achieved high catalytic and chiral efficiency, producing substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazines with excellent stereocontrol in a single step. This constitutes the first example of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective azo-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions by chiral Brønsted acid catalysis.


A review of the development of fiber optic components is given. Both single-mode and multimode technologies are addressed. Performance comparisons between various components are presented.


Rankine (steam) cycle traditionally has been the exclusive energy conversion system (the secondary side) for nuclear power plants based on light‐water reactors (the primary side). In an effort to improve the economics of nuclear as a clean, sustainable energy source, various small modular reactor designs have been developed and some have been scheduled to deploy at the end of this decade. In this work, technoeconomic analysis is conducted for three alternative power cycles for the light‐water small modular reactor by NuScale Power, which include a regenerative reheat Rankine cycle, a transcritical ethanol cycle and a recompression supercritical CO2 cycle. The results have shown the baseline regenerative Rankine cycle is a good fit for the current small modular reactor due to its attractive cycle efficiency (31.2%), low cost and relatively simple design. Using the selected first‐order cost models, the costs for the major power cycle components including turbines, compressors, pumps, and heat exchangers, as well as the levelized cost of electricity for each cycle are estimated. The results show both the regenerative reheat Rankine cycle and transcritical ethanol cycle would provide higher cycle efficiencies (33.1% and 33.9%) and a lower levelized cost of electricity (5.14% and 4.96% reduction from the baseline, respectively), while the recompression supercritical CO2 cycle has a lower thermal efficiency (29.8%) while a higher levelized cost of electricity (21.8% increase from the baseline). As the result, the recompression supercritical CO2 cycle is not suitable as the energy conversion system for light‐water small modular reactors.


To improve the attractiveness of a face, intuitively, one can drive the face approaching some beautiful faces. There are two major problem to solve for implementing the intuitive solution. One problem is that how to define and discover suitable beauty prototypes. Another is that how to determine the balance between the original face and the beauty prototype to produce the desired face. In this paper, we proposed a quantitive method to solve these two problems. First, a set of beautiful face prototypes are identified as cluster centers of beautiful faces, which avoid involving specific personal facial characteristic. Second, a beauty decision function is learned as a classifier that can tell whether a face is beautiful or not. Then, the facial attractiveness improvement procedure finds the nearest beauty prototype for the original face, and then approaches the prototype from the original face until the beauty decision function tells the approaching face is beautiful. With this method, the face is beautified and the difference between the beautified face and the original face is minimized. The experimental results verify the validity of the proposed methods.


Computer-based image analysis requires explicit models of the image-forming process in order to deal with the effects of variations in viewing direction, incident illumination, surface slope and surface material. A fixed illumination, surface material and imaging geometry is incorporated into a single model, called a reflectance map, that allows observed brightness to be written as a function of surface orientation. The reflectance map is used to generate synthetic images from digital terrain models. Synthetic images are used to predict properties of real images. This technique is illustrated using Landsat imagery. Accurate shadow regions are determined from a digital terrain model by calculating which surface elements are visible from the light source. Once shadows are determined, the effect of sky illumination and atmospheric haze is estimated.


Electrophysiology techniques are the gold standard in neuroscience for studying functionality of a single neuron to a complex neuronal network. However, electrophysiology techniques are not flawless, they are invasive nature, procedures are cumbersome to implement with limited capability of being used as a high-throughput recording system. Also, long term studies of neuronal functionality with aid of electrophysiology is not feasible. Non-invasive stimulation and detection of neuronal electrical activity has been a long standing goal in neuroscience. Introduction of optogenetics has ushered in the era of non-invasive optical stimulation of neurons, which is revolutionizing neuroscience research. Optical detection of neuronal activity that is comparable to electro-physiology is still elusive. A number of optical techniques have been reported recording of neuronal electrical activity but none is capable of reliably measuring action potential spikes that is comparable to electro-physiology. Optical detection of action potential with voltage sensitive fluorescent reporters are potential alternatives to electrophysiology techniques. The heavily rely on secondary reporters, which are often toxic in nature with background fluorescence, with slow response and low SNR making them far from ideal. The detection of one shot (without averaging)-single action potential in a true label-free way has been elusive so far. In this report, we demonstrate the optical detection of single neuronal spike in a cultured mammalian neuronal network without using any exogenous labels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of label free optical detection of single action potentials in a mammalian neuronal network, which was achieved using a high-speed phase sensitive interferometer. We have carried out stimulation and inhibition of neuronal firing using Glutamate and Tetrodotoxin respectively to demonstrate the different outcome (stimulation and inhibition) revealed in optical signal. We hypothesize that the interrogating optical beam is modulated during neuronal firing by electro-motility driven membrane fluctuation in conjunction with electrical wave propagation in cellular system.


The relationship between the coral skeletal oxygen isotope ratio (δ18Ocoral) of a coral core (Porites sp.), which was collected from the inshore area of Ishigaki Island, Japan (24°N, 124°E) and represents 180 years of continuous growth, and sea surface temperature (SST) was examined for the last 30 years. A significant linear correlation was found between winter δ18Ocoral and SST measured at Ishigaki Port (SSTI), which suggests that the winter data from this coral sample is a good proxy for reconstructing past climate change. Furthermore, the winter instrumental SSTI shifted from being related to the East Asian Winter Monsoon to being dependent on the El Niño/Southern Oscillation in response to the 1988/1989 climate regime shift. Since this shift is also captured by the winter δ18Ocoral values, this 180‐year coral core record may provide insight into past climate regime shifts that occurred before instrumental records.


In his appraisal of the English translation of the Beitrage by Emad and Maly, Kisiel has not addressed some key issues concerning the translation of this seminal work of being-historical thinking. Emad and Maly have in their "Translators' Foreword" highlighted a number of hermeneutic issues and challenges which had to be addressed while translating this work. If Kisiel were to be really reviewing the quality of this translation, he would have had to address first the question whether those issues highlighted by the translators are real issues that are to be considered by any translator. If they are real issues and if Kisiel is unhappy with the way the translators have dealt with them, he should have proposed better alternatives, instead of summarily and contemptuously dismissing the "Translator's Foreword" itself. Literary criticism is surely an invitation to present another point of view, but never a means for expressing contempt.


Despite continuity of carer being signalled in policy in 1993 (Department of Health, 1993), it remains a largely elusive aspiration in the UK. This has implications for midwives with regards to how well they can apply the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code (NMC, 2015) and their navigation of some of its inherent tensions. From the perspective of a new student midwife, this article discusses the advantages of caseloading in applying the Code and suggests ways in which student midwives might draw from the caseload model, bringing some of its strengths into mainstream practice.


Data the on morphological and analytical characteristics of gray forest soils in the European part of Russia were collected from published papers and unpublished reports, summarized, and statistically treated. On this basis, the standards for the diagnostics of gray forest soils at the subtype level were established. Each subtype has its own patterns of humus and clay distribution in the soil profile. The differences are most pronounced in the A1A2 (AEL) horizon. Agrogenic changes in this horizon are not strong enough to influence the diagnostics at the subtype level. Therefore, this horizon can be used as a witness (marker) of the initial undisturbed soil profile. The study demonstrated that the particle-size composition is obligatory for the diagnostics of subtypes of gray forest soils and analysis of their agrogenic changes.


"People First" is the important part of Mao Zhedong's Thought and the core content of Chinese Communist Party's new idea of people first.Mao Zhedong's Idea of "People First" consists of the following: serving the people wholeheartedly,people are the masters of our countrym,responsible to the people,concerning people with their lives,and struggling hard and being thrifty.


This article describes how evidence-based theory fuels an audit culture for teacher education in the USA, placing faculty under monitoring and surveillance, and severely constraining judgment, discretion, and professional decision-making. The national education reform efforts, Race to the Top and Common Core State Standards, demand fealty to evidence-based standards, while the Teacher Performance Assessment (EdTPA) requires teacher candidates to videotape their classroom lessons and submit the 'evidence' for review by external reviewers. The history of this theory, findings on the Tennessee Value-Added Assessment System (TVAAS), a discussion between EdTPA and teacher education colleges, and examples of how faculty are expected to provide evidence of effectiveness, are all included in the article.


Abstract The work at sea of George Deacon on the RRS William Scoresby and RRS Discovery II between 1927 and 1937 resulted in the publication of "The hydrology of the Southern Ocean" (1937) and a description of the Southern Ocean and the names of its water masses that are still in use. Deacon's interpretations were publicized by Sverdrup, Johnson and Fleming in the text The oceans (1942), but their origin is in earlier work, mainly German, between 1898 and 1922, in which Gerhard Schott, Erich von Drygalski, Alfred Merz, and Georg Wust, and especially Wilhelm Brennecke, added significantly to knowledge of the meridional circulation of the Atlantic Ocean. Deacon's great contribution was to systematize the physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean and to show that it was part of a global system.


Owing to its location, the Film University Babelsberg KONRAD WOLF is particularly well suited to reflect audiovisual cultural heritage. It is situated in close proximity to the Babelsberg film studios, which has a tradition of filmmaking that goes back more than a century, and the University, which is the oldest of its kind in Germany, has benefited from the studio's mythos. With the creation of an endowed professorship for audiovisual heritage in June 2013, as well as the initiation of a new program of study devoted to film heritage (to Filmkulturerbe), the Film University is positioned to assert the importance of securing and maintaining audiovisual heritage. On this basis, a scholarly project (supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ; [DFG]) has been dedicated to studying the university's filmic heritage. Student films from 60 years of the school's history, with a particular focus on the films from the GDR era, are being analyzed in the context of film history and in terms of institutional history as well. The research takes stock of how the student films have been archived and transmitted, and it also examines the school's own narratives about its history. Both film historical and aesthetic readings of selected films are conducted with reference to recent debates about DEFA cinema. In addition to the research project on student films, a number of other initiatives are underway, ones that pay particular attention to questions of preservation and digitization.


FEDERAL FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY MOVED TO OTTAWA Canada's Forest Products Laboratories which have been located in Montreal since their establishment, and operated by the Dominion Government in cooperation with McGill University, were recently transferred to Ottawa where suitable quarters have been obtained for the continuance of investigatory work in closer relation with the other laboratories maintained by the Government, particularly those recently established by the National Research Council. In fact, it is understood that the Council laboratories and the Forest Products Laboratories are likely to be housed in the same building to their mutual advantage. There will still be a laboratory in Montreal to study cellulose problems, this institution being maintained, as noted in a recent letter, by the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association in cooperation with McGill University. Thus, the transfer to Ottawa means the removal of the federal government's laboratory from the field of private endowment, which in ...


, commonly known as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Forum), is one of the most promising broadband wireless access technology for next generation all-IP networks. This access technology allows reaching high bit rate and covering large areas with a single Base Station (BS). Thanks to these features, IEEE 802.16 opens the way for the use and the introduction of wireless technologies in particular emergency scenarios, like volcano monitoring. Active volcano surveillance is based prevalently on the analysis of geophysical and geochemical parameters gathered by monitoring networks. Of all, seismology is one of the most useful methods for volcano monitoring. In fact, several types of seismic signals, e.g. volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VT), long-period events (LP), volcanic tremor, can occur before and during an eruption. The analysis and interpretation of these seismic signals are a very important task for the volcanic eruption forecasting (Scarpa and Tilling, 1996). WiMAX technology can be applied to provide broadband wireless access in volcano monitoring scenarios, in order to solve all the problems that today limit the possibility to realize a real-time and accurate monitoring of volcanoes activities in emergency situations. In particular, this paper focus on a novel solution, designed within the IST FP6 EU WEIRD (WiMAX Extension to Isolated Research Data networks) Integrated Project, to perform volcano monitoring using the features offered by IEEE 802.16 networks in order to improve transmission of data acquired by temporary seismic stations deployed during emergencies. Tests performed on field demonstrate the advantages offered by the use of WiMAX compared with other commonly used technologies. 2.Volcano monitoring and WiMAX technology The permanent networks are fundamental to recognize a variation in the seismic behavior of an active volcano. Unlikely, in some circumstances, the data recorded only at the permanent networks are not enough to study in detail the spatial and temporal features of earthquakes preceding and accompanying eruptions. This is due either to the insufficient number of deployed seismic stations or to the instrument inadequacy (i.e. too few digital broadband equipments). When a volcano shows an increase of geophysical and geochemical background parameters, the Permanent Seismic Network is improved with temporary digital stations deployed as soon as possible to enhance both the network geometry and the quality of the recorded data. The temporary instruments are portable digital seismic stations generally equipped with broadband seismometers and characterized by continuous local recording on removable media (e.g. hard disk, magneto optical disk, compact flash). …


This paper describes the personal journey of a Track II diplomat to the Soviet Union and attempts to integrate family system concepts of family of origin, Bateson's theory of differences which creates transformation, and one's political belief system. Track II diplomacy which attempts to support people and not government policy is explored and described according to Batesonian logic.


The influence of dehumidified silicone and paraffin oils with kinematic viscosities varying from 5 to 60,000 cS has been examined on fatigue crack propagation in a lower strength bainitic steel over a range of growth rates from near-threshold levels (10-6 to 10 -8 mm/cycle) to higher, growth rates (up to 104 mm/cycle). Crack growth data for a cyclic frequency of 50 Hz at both low and high load ratios are compared with previous results for environments of moist air, dry gaseous hydrogen and dry gaseous helium. It is found that at low load ratios, growth rates in oil exceed those in moist air below 106 mm/cycle, yet are lower than in moist air above io mm/cycle. Furthermore there is a small but definite trend of higher growth rates in the higher viscosity oils. Such observations are discussed and interpreted in terms of three mutually competitive mechanisms specific to dry viscous environments, namely suppression of moisture-induced hydrogen embrittlement and/or metal dissolution, minimization of oxide induced crack closure, and the hydrodynamic wedging action of the Oil inside the crack. A quantitative analysis for the effect of crack closure induced by a viscous medium is developed in Part II of this paper. Currently in the Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.


Because wild, weedy-ephemeral species take advantage of periodic disturbance for growth and reproduction, many have considerable seed dormancy and longevity, coupled with germination cued on environmental changes correlated with disturbance. Brassica napus canola is derived from a weedy ephemeral and has sexually compatible wild relatives that are weedy ephemerals, most notably B. rapa. Hence, if transgenes introduced into B. napus canola alter its seed bank dynamics to be more similar to its wild relatives, the chance of transgene escape and persistence is increased. Further, if introgression of the transgene into a wild relative enhances or does not disrupt the seed bank dynamics of wild plants, the transgene could persist in wild populations. I conducted experiments with transgenic, oil-modified B. napus canola (high-stearate and high-laurate types) and wild B. rapa × B. napus canola hybrids (high-laurate type) to determine whether they possessed seed dormancy and germination cuing characteristics favo...


During the course of the most recent business cycle, there were significant submarket differences in the rise and fall of nominal housing prices in Dallas County, Texas. On the upswing, there was a fairly uniform wave of appreciation, although the most affluent sectors appreciated most. The major differences came in the downswing, when prices in the poorest and most segregated neighborhoods declined more rapidly and for a more extended period than average, while prices in the wealthiest sectors declined less and experienced a speedier turnaround, widening the gaps between rich and poor.


METHOD IN THIS CASE STUDY A method of Bible study at Asbury Theological Seminary is the inductive or discovery method. This method has been used primarily to lead students into the structure and content of the Scripture as translated into the English language. It is equally useful for studying the Scriptures written in Hebrew or Greek. A primary emphasis of this method is that a student should read and grapple with the biblical text as objectively as possible. The biblical text is those books which make up the canon of the Old and New Testaments. When trying to understand the text, meanings of words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs and literary units should not be assigned to them, but discovered in them. The biblical text should be read as whole units, whole books, and groups of books as a whole. Their inner composition may be grasped by outlines of their contents, or by visualizing overall structure through the construction of charts or diagrams. About fourteen years ago, I was on a committee assigned the task of forging a new curricular module called Supervised Ministry. There was much interest at the time in an educational tool called the case study which had been used effectively in several disciplines, especially business, personnel and counseling fields. The committee hoped it could be adapted for this new program. Several guidelines served to adapt the case study for evaluating ministerial activity. The case study format adopted must help the student (a) deal with actual, recent incidents in the ministerial assignments of the student, (b) describe briefly and accurately what took place, (c) develop skills to observe and analyze personal, intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships on both the behavioral and spiritual levels, (d) isolate and state the key issue embedded in this event of ministry, (e) research the several bodies of knowledge and information in disciplines related to ministry relevant to this event, (f) integrate ministerial practice with


In recent years, there have appeared many problems in colleges and universities: the relatively surplus English majors, the low quality of talent training, and the unclearness of subject orientation of the major of English. The writer, based on his own experience of teaching and research, conducts a deep consideration into those problems encountered during the process of reforming the English major, whereby he attempts to give some coping strategy, such as narrowing the English-major scale,improving the quality of student source, optimizing the teachers' training, reforming the evaluation system of teachers, making clear the discipline orientation, and taking the way of pluralism and characteristic development.


The state of Indonesia is an agrarian country, most of its livelihoods are farming. In Indonesia, corn is one of the food ingredients that the government recommends because it sees the huge need of rice. The government made efforts to realize the self-sufficiency of corn production in North Sumatra Province. For that Prediction of corn production development is needed to know the expected target is achieved. Corn production prediction is done using linear trend line formula and data taken in the form of corn production data from 2005 until 2015. North corn maize production until 2015 continues to experience enhancement. Total corn production is 12,369,482 tons, and total corn consumption until 2015 is 690.363 tons. There was a surplus of 10,679,119 tons. Based on the prediction result until 2020 maize production is 8,382,273 tons and corn consumption is 344,990 tons, so the surplus is 8,037,283 tons. This surplus occurs because the corn demand for the industry has not been taken into account. Keyword : Prediction, Maize Production, Linear Trend Line


The invention discloses a multifunctional convenient bank kiosk. The multifunctional convenient bank kiosk comprises a currency detecting device, an inwardly turnover device and a weighing device, wherein the inwardly turnover device is connected with a connecting part arranged in a kiosk body; the kiosk body is provided with an inwardly turnover device window and a controller; the controller is connected with the currency detecting device, the weighing device, the connecting part and a key which is arranged outside the kiosk body; and the controller is connected with a power supply. According to the invention, as the bank kiosks are widely distributed and the currency detecting device, the weighing device and the inwardly turnover device with a mirror surface are arranged in the bank kiosk, a genuine or fake currency distinguishing problem and a goods weighing problem in the transaction process are effectively solved for consumers in the short-distance leisure shopping process; and moreover, consumers can also check their appearances outside, and the circulation of information of financial institutions is enhanced.


According to the requirement that the marks and notations of the combination units should be clear and complete,and the problems met in the process of teaching,this article briefs the teaching method of illustrating marks and notations of the combination units.


The current study is aimed to investigate the relationship between macro-economic and micro-economic variables with firm's profitability at Karachi stock Exchange. Macro-economic variables are measured by using proxies of Inflation rate and per capita income. While, micro-economic variables are measured by using proxies of corporate governance, capital structure, risk management, firm maturity, market valuation of companies and working capital management. The measurement proxies of such variables are mentioned in methodological section. The data is acquired from KSE.100 index within the range from 2005 to 2014 that consists on ten years. And connivance sampling technique is used. The nature of study is panel. Thus, Correlation tests and Hausman's test – Fixed effect model test are implied on study data. The study presented significant results as like prior investigations except hypothesis if inflation rate and Quick acid ratio of working capital management. Thus, one hypothesis from macro-economic variables and none hypothesis from micro-economic variables are rejected. Keywords: Governance, Capital Structure, Risk Management, Firm Maturity, Tobin's q. Panel Data, Hausman's test.


The paper documents women's self expression from Africa, from Limba stories and Somali love poetry to self-told tales of women under slavery and apartheid or of young girls reluctantly but submissively going into marriage, together with the images of deceit and infidelity often attributed to women in male-generated tales and observations. The paper is illustrated by historical texts from first hand research in the field, dating from the mid nineteenth century to the present.


Mono- and bis-Cr(CO)3 complexes of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (1) and the corresponding ketone (3)(with a CH2COCH2 bridge) and their o,o′-dimethyl derivatives (2) and (4) have been prepared. Compounds (1) and (3) give exo-complexes whereas (2a) and (4) afford a 50:50 mixture of exo- and endo-isomers separable by medium pressure chromatography. According to lanthanide induced shift n.m.r. spectroscopy (LIS) complexation does not change the torsional angles of the biphenyl system to a significant degree. Isomeric ratios and relative (exo, endo) configurations were determined from 1H n.m.r. spectra. The exo⇌endo equilibria are determined by steric interactions between bridge, ring (methyl) protons and the Cr(CO)3 groups. Kinetic studies on the interconversion rate of the isomeric monocomplexes of dimethyldihydrophenanthrene (2) revealed that complexation decreases the inversion barrier from ca. 97 [in (2)] to ca. 91 kJ mol–1(in the complex).


A number of specialized dairy breeds of intensive type have been created in Ukraine, among which the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy farm occupies a prominent place. Currently, the improvement of this breed is carried out by using various breeding techniques with a focus on achieving maximum milk productivity of cows, improving milk quality, body type, health, stress resistance and prolonging productive longevity.
The aim of the research was to investigate the formation of signs of milk productivity of cows depending on the origin of the father and the country of his selection.
The researches have been conducted on bred heifers and mature cows (third lactation) of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the State Enterprise "Alexandrovske" in Vinnytsia region. The traits of milk productivity (yields, fat content in milk and quantity of milk fat ) were studied for the last 10 years by retrospective analysis of bred heifers and mature cows (3-rd lactation), theoretically substantiated and proven feasibility of the study variability of these traits and their intergroup differentiation depending on the father's origin and the countries of its selection, the consideration and application of which in the selection process will support creating of highly productive competitive herds of dairy cattle. The research showed the great influence of the origin of the father and the country of its selection on the variability of milk yield, fat content in milk and cows' milk fat yield.
It was found that the cows of the controlled herd were characterized by quite high indicators of milk productivity: the yields of bred heifers – 6115, mature cows - 6899 kg. The descendants of the bull Jorin 114414759 were the most productive during the first lactation (milk yield - 6936 kg, milk fat - 248.9 kg), and for the third - the daughters of the breeder Detective 349159846 (8148 and 295.2 kg respectively). The descendants of breeding bulls of German selection gave the most milk and milk fat quantity for the studied lactations (6269- 7014 and 224.8-250.3 kg, respectively). At the same time, the daughters of Canadian breeders gave the most fat- milk yield for the first lactation (3.66%), and for the third lactation – the daughters of the Dutch bulls (3.59%).
Breeding bulls had a more significant influence on the traits of milk productivity (depending on lactation 13.1-31.8%), the country of their selection – much smaller (0.9-11.9%). In this regard, these factors had the greatest impact on milk yields, and the least - on the fat content in milk.


Abstract Introduction: A total endoscopic approach to ventral hernia repair has advantages over conventional laparoscopy. The intraperitoneal cavity is not accessed and the extraperitoneal mesh pla...


Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease manifested as recurrent serosal inflammation. An association between FMF and malignancy has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to estimate cancer risk in a large cohort of FMF patients from a single institution.


The laser time transfer link is under construction for the European Space Agency for its application in the experiment Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space. We have developed and tested the photon counting detector optimized for operation in space for this project. In this paper are reported the main characteristics which changed after the irradiation by proton and gamma ionizing radiation. The resulting change of the detection delay with temperature is typically below 500 fs/K. The detector has been approved for application in the European Laser Timing experiment, the flight module is under manufacturing now.


Background: Febrile seizures are the most common form of convulsion in children with the aged between 6 months to 6 years. Different studies have shown that reduction of zinc leads to the incidence of febrile seizures in children. This study was conducted with the goal of examination of the zinc level in the patients with Febrile Seizures.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 children in two equal groups of children with febrile seizures, febrile children without seizures. In order to examine the zinc level blood samples were taken of all subjects and the zinc level of these patients was determined. The data was analyzed using the SPSS-16 statistical software and by descriptive statistical tests.Results: 31 males (47.2%) and 19 female children (52.8%) with the average age of 27.23±15.3 months were examined. The two groups had no significant difference in terms of age and sex. The average of zinc level in the patients with Febrile Seizures was 57.4 µg/dL and it was 116 µg/dL in the febrile children without FS there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the zinc level (P=0.01).Conclusions: The low serum zinc level in the group of patients with Febrile Seizures compared with children without febrile seizures indicate the existence of a relationship between the serum zinc level and development of FS in children aged between 6 months and 6 years.


Field courses offer a unique venue to train students in skills, such as the ability to think on one's feet, critical observation of the environment, sample collection and handling and other activities, which are difficult to cover in the usual context of teaching in the classroom. Such courses also allow teachers to share many aspects of their practical experience that could not otherwise be effectively transferred to students. The actual content of a field course will depend on the specific environmental subject under scrutiny, the "natural-venue" of the course and, necessarily, on the available human and economical resources. Any field course, if successfully completed, will earn a certain number of credits to students. Under the Bologna Declaration, the ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) assigns a number of credits to a teaching unit depending on its workload. To validate these credits (three in the case of the field course described here), it is necessary to provide a fair evaluation of the students' performance during the course. Field-courses also represent a didactical challenge for accompanying professors, assistants,


The invention provides a worm speed reducer. The center axis of a worm shaft is offset in an offset direction with respect to a plane that is orthogonal to a center axis of a worm wheel and that passes through a central position of the worm wheel in a tooth width direction. A bias member biases a second end of the worm shaft in a preloading direction in which a center distance between the worm shaft and the worm wheel decreases. When the worm shaft is configured like a right-hand thread, in a left-handed coordinate system, a direction toward a first end of the worm shaft in an axial direction (a direction toward an electric motor) corresponds to a thumb direction. The preloading direction corresponds to an index finger direction. The offset direction corresponds to a middle finger direction.


To provide an image forming device capable of visually checking the state and position of occurrence of paper stuffing or jamming from the outside without opening an opening/closing door to open a container conveying path, and enhancing the operability and work easiness.A copier 1 conveys transfer papers which are stored in a body casing 2 from a paper feed unit 3 to store a plurality of paper sheets and conveyed on a transfer paper conveying path 10 to a paper discharge tray 7 via an image forming unit 4, and at least a portion of an opening/closing door 30 of the body casing 2 to cover the transfer paper conveying path 10 corresponding to the transfer paper conveying path 10 is formed of a transparent member or a translucent member. Therefore, the state and position of occurrence of paper stuffing and jamming can be visually checked from the outside at low cost without opening the opening/closing door 30, and the operability and ease of work can be enhanced.


Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a tool for organizational management. It transforms strategiesinto operational plans, management plans utilizing BSC might have even greater effect if they incorporatedepidemiological concepts. This study was aimed to test a model of integrating epidemiologyconcept with BSC for hospital management. Hospital A established in 2003 was selected as thepilot site. The model was implemented since January 2004. It was evaluated regularly by KPIdevelopment, self-assessment, external audit by the health care company CEO and auditing committees,and hospital performance during 2004-2006. Over 50 KPIs were developed or improved inthe first year and their results were used to refine operational plans. The proportions of managersreporting improvement in thinking process, idea expression, decision making, and KPI knowledgewere 41, 36, 46 and 49 percent at 2 months and 87, 77, 90 and 92 percent at 6 months post-training.The CEO recommended that this hospital be a showcase for other hospital directors. For hospitalperformance, annual patient volume increased from 141,366 (2004) to 224,082 visits (2006). Totalrevenue increased from 346.57 million baht (US$1 = 36 baht) in 2004 to 643.36 million baht in2006. Currently, the hospital is one of two organizations that pass the third phase of ThailandQuality Award Project. The director was promoted. Factors that contributed to success of the modelincluded close supervision of high-level managers and management structure. Major obstacleswere the initial lack of epidemiological knowledge and work overload among personnel. To implementthis model in another setting, high-level managers must provide continuous support and theCEO must monitor progress. Key words: balanced scorecard, epidemiology, hospital management, model


The effects of proofreading on the spelling accuracy of fifth-grade students were studied by having them read and detect errors in text containing misspelled words. The treatment involved an error detection task requiring a decision as to whether an underlined stimulus word embedded in a sentence was correctly spelled or misspelled. Serving as their own controls, the students were exposed to three spelling exposure frequency conditions during the proofreading treatment: (a) four exposures to a misspelling, (b) two exposures to a misspelling and two exposures to the correct spelling, and (c) four exposures to the correct spelling. The students proofread two types of spelling words in terms of sound-spelling correspondence; half were predictable and half were unpredictable. The major finding was that exposure to correctly spelled words did improve spelling accuracy for immediate and delayed posttests. Exposure to misspelled words did not significantly affect the spelling accuracy of the sample as a whole, but the accuracy of a few outliers was substantially impaired. Unpredictable words were found more difficult to spell than predictable words. No interaction was found between spelling ability and spelling accuracy improvement as the result of proofreading correctly spelled words; poor spellers improved as much as average and good spellers.


This article reflects the author's voice; both pertinent and uniquely positioned to reflect lived and bodily experience as a practitioner. It focusses on the time the author spent as an artist-bodybuilder (2008-2012) through recuperation, to the present body she lives with now. The text discusses the process of evaluating the imported technologies, strict discipline, mundane routine, physical masculinisations through her contemplative bodily undoing.


Bacteriophages are numerous in the ecosystem and play a central role in bacterial ecology (Ashelford et al., 2000; Brabban et al., 2005; Breitbart et al., 2003; Danovaro et al., 2001; Fuhrman, 1999). Bacteriophages have frequently been isolated from various environmental sources and the gastrointestinal tract of animals (Adams et al., 1966; Bielke et al., 2007a; Breitbart et al., 2003; Callaway et al., 2003, 2006; Dhillon et al., 1976; Filho et al., 2007; Higgins et al., 2008; Klieve & Bauchop, 1988; Klieve & Swain, 1993; Kudva et al., 1999; Orpin & Munn, 1973; Raya et al., 2006; Smith & Huggins, 1982). Breitbart and co-workers (2003) found bacteriophages to be the second most abundant uncultured biological group in their analysis of human feces and Furhman (1999) suggests that bacteriophages could be responsible for as much as 50% of bacterial death in surface waters. It has been suggested that bacteriophages in cattle help maintain microbial diversity and balance, allowing the ecology of the gut, particularly the rumen, to adapt to changes in feed and water intake (Klieve and Swain 1993; Swain et al., 1996). Bacteriophages lytic for E. coli and Salmonella were isolated from cattle feedlots with no correlation between presence of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella and bacteriophages against the specific pathogen (Callaway et al., 2006). Salmonella targeted bacteriophages were isolated from Salmonella-positive poultry farms, with bacteriophages found at only one Salmonella-negative farm. A total of seven bacteriophages were isolated from farms that were Salmonella-positive, and two bacteriophages from the single Salmonella-negative chicken house (Higgins et al., 2008). This might suggest that as environmental Salmonella increased, a near-simultaneous increase in bacteriophages may have also occurred. The hypothesis corresponds with other reports where it was found that bacteriophages within treated animals remained in the animal for the duration of the infection, but once the bacterial host was no longer present, the presence of bacteriophages also rapidly dropped (Barrow et al., 1998; Calloway et al., 2003; Hurley et al., 2008; Smith and Huggins, 1987).


(State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China) Abstract The bit error rate (BER) of optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) system is an important index of evaluating system performance because it can reflect the premise of considering dispersion and nonlinear effect broadening in single-mode fibers. Based on the definition of BER in ideal condition, the influences of third-order dispersion (TOD) and third-order nonlinear on the BER are introduced and the BER of OCDMA system with optical hard-limiter (OHL) and 2D OCDMA system is analysed. The results show that BER will increase under the action of TOD and third-order nonlinear which has lower effect on system performance than TOD, and at the same time the performance of transmission system with OHL and using two-dimensional code will be improved under the same fiber condition.


Since the development of time, education has evolved, since this has brought the inclusion of students with various variants in their development, and with this we can see that in Mexico, it has been a continuous inclusion within the ways of educating. In which we have seen a very adequate enrollment growth and which indicates a continuous development of the UACH growth process. In the process of carrying out this research, we could see how enrollment and acceptance of students with disabilities have increased, which have been gaining ground in the educational field. In the end, we conclude that despite everything, and despite all the ups and downs that our economy and society have suffered, we have just turned around to see the needs of this very damaged and fragile sector of our society, those little- great warriors, who regardless of their condition, fight to continue on this earth, to gain a space and who want to be treated, like what Some Special Beings are, those who, by nature, by accident or illness, stopped developing any sense, or they develop little, but that by entering the educational habit they can achieve their goals and ideals.


Affirmative-negative question is special in Chinese interrogative systems, with various syntactic forms, and it is also the key and difficult point in teaching Chinese grammar, but it has research gaps in analyzing affirmative-negative questions from a sociolinguistic perspective. This paper used the questionnaire method, collecting 176 questionnaires to analyze and discuss three points of affirmative-negative questions different forms of acceptance level, target audience and usage errors in sociolinguistic aspect and reached three conclusions. Firstly, people are not accustomed to using VP+(never) in modern social life. They tend to accept the usage of VP+(not)/(not yet)+VP. Secondly, people prefer to use affirmative-negative questions with their peers rather than superiors or teachers since the affirmative-negative question represents an unpolite and questioning attitude to some extent. Thirdly, when distinguishing different types of affirmative-negative questions people may have some confusion and errors, even though they are native Chinese speakers. Thus, this paper proposes some suggestions to help identify the differences clearly for people, including non-native Chinese speakers. This paper plays an inspired role in affirmative-negative questions in sociolinguistic research areas, and it contributes to teaching and learning the Chinese interrogative sentences system.


Dominance diagrams are an extension of the conceptual neighbourhood diagrams (CNDs) that have become familiar in the areas of qualitative spatial and temporal knowledge representation. They are also related to the envisionment diagrams of qualitative physics. This paper explains the concept of dominance between qualitative states and shows how, by adding a representation of this relation to CNDs, it is possible to reason more effectively about the temporal incidence of the qualitative states represented in the diagrams; in addition, dominance turns out to be of importance in determining the structure of composite diagrams formed as the product of existing diagrams. It is further shown that the appropriate theoretical underpinning for dominance diagrams is the mathematical theory of T0 topological spaces.


Key Points Question How does an artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled decision aid generated using patient-reported outcome measurements compare with education only on decision quality, patient satisfaction, and functional outcomes among individuals with knee osteoarthritis considering total knee replacement? Findings This randomized clinical trial of 129 patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in decision quality, level of shared decision-making, patient satisfaction, and functional outcomes in patients using an AI-enabled decision aid. Meaning These findings suggest that AI-enabled decision aids incorporating patient-reported outcome measurement data provide a personalized, data-driven approach to shared decision-making for the surgical management of knee osteoarthritis.


Exemplary caching system and method are described. In one implementation, the method identifies a plurality of files used to process the query, distributes each of the plurality of files to a specific execution node to run the query. Each execution node determines whether the distributed file is stored in the cache of the executing node. Execution node if the file is determined to be stored in the cache, to process the query using the cached file. If the file is not stored in the cache, execution node retrieves the file from a remote storage device, and stores the file in the cache of the executing node, processes the query using the file. .FIELD 8


Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol: Part 1 – Evidence from measurements H. Wex, M. D. Petters, C. M. Carrico, E. Hallbauer, A. Massling, G. R. McMeeking, L. Poulain, Z. Wu, S. M. Kreidenweis, and F. Stratmann Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA now at: National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark now at: Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Received: 22 September 2008 – Accepted: 29 October 2008 – Published: 13 January 2009 Correspondence to: H. Wex (email@example.com) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.


: Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of combine cortical and back muscle stimulation in chronic non specific low back pain (CLBP). Design And Setting: within group clinical trial in the Physiotherapy Department of Sir Muhammad Sunusi Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Methods: A total of Forty eight patients were recruited and assigned into four groups, which include group that received infrared therapy (IRT) and a session soft tissue massage (STM) only, combine dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and Back muscle stimulation plus IRT and STM, combine primary motor cortex (PMC) and Back muscle stimulations plus IRT and STM and finally Williams flexion exercise plus IRT and STM. The primary outcome (level of pain intensity) was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) while bothersome questionnaire (secondary outcome) was used to assess the level of bothersome of the participants. Result: Statistical analysis revealed that all the interventions are significant at (P=0.002, Z=-3.16) combine PMC and back muscle stimulation, (P=0.007, Z=-2.71) combine DLPFC and Back muscle stimulation, (P=0.005, Z=-2.83) William flexion exercise and (P=0.005, Z=-2.83) control group respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that combine brain and back muscle is effective in the treatment of non specific CLBP, and that combine PMC and back muscle stimulation is more effect in reduction of pain than combine DLPFC and Back muscle stimulation. This result cannot be generalized because of the small sample size and sampling technique used in grouping the participants.


For active solar house heating room temperature control system,nonlinear,large delay,and complex parameter tuning characteristics of the active solar house technology based on the use of internal model control(IMC) adjust parameters of a simple,robust strong and easy to implement with the traditional PID combination of features,design a control system,experimental results show that the algorithm tuning control is simple,with good resistance and robustness,can effectively improve the control quality,to achieve active The best control of solar house,not only can optimize the production process heating,and solar energy can improve energy efficiency,save energy,has great practical value and promote the value.


There are the cointergration r elation and two-way Granger Causality relation between logistic industry and economic growth;economic growth will positively response to the impact of logistics development;the increase of social logistic cost will definitely increase the cost of products in the short term,which will in turn constrain the economic growth.So,first,we should reduce the logistic cost in all aspects in the short term to promote the better development of economy.Second,we should strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure.The perfect transportation infrastructure and advanced transportation network will improve social logistic efficiency and save cost.Third,we should accelerate economic development and promote the sound and rapid development of the logistic industry;economic growth is the fundamental forces for the improvement of logistic development;and without the rapid economic development,the logistic industry will not be developed.


Aberrant microRNA (miR) expression is implicated in multiple human malignancies. miR‐21, acting as a proto‐oncogene, is involved in a variety of cellular processes and tumorigenesis and is frequently overexpressed in some cancer types. Several tumor suppressors, metastatic, and apoptotic genes have been identified as miR‐21 targets, including Ras homolog gene family member B, PTEN, Sprouty2, programmed cell death 4, Integrin‐β4, and E‐cadherin thereby regulating tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. There is a growing evidence that miR‐21 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we summarize the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values of miR‐21 in CRC progression for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.


In this study, efficacy, tolerability and safety of biosimilar adalimumab (Exemptia; Zydus Cadila) was compared with reference adalimumab (Humira; AbbVie) in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


Fourteen eases (9 female, 5 male) of proliferating trichilemmal cysts are reported The patients age‐range was 40–80, 12 being over 60. The cysts were present for 2–50 years and enlarged in the months or years before the observation. Seven were ulcerated. In 4 with multiple lesions both proliferating and ordinary trichilemmal cysts were present. The histological features were typical in all but one patient (evolution towards squamous cell carcinoma?) with some variation from lesion to lesion and from area to area in the same tumour. The microscopic features suggest that the proliferating trichilemmal cyst must be considered an hamartoma of the terminal hair follicle, not only related to the isthmic segment of the outer root sheath but with some differentiation (smaller and more variable) towards the infundibular and matricial segments. The tumour is likely to be a proliferating trichilemmal cyst from the beginning and not a peculiar evolution of an ordinary, pre‐existant, trichilemmal cyst.


Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common hepatic tumors. It has been documented that males carries a higher incidence than females to be attacked by this fatal disease. In view of this concept, this work was conducted in an attempt to study the possible impact of androgen receptor and IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of induced hepato-cellular carcinoma in male rat. Material and Methods: A total of 24 male albino rats were used in this study weighting 150-200 grams. These rats were divided into the following groups: Group I: (Control group) represented the vehicle-treated rats, Group II: (HCC group) represented the induced untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group, Group III: (HCC + flutamide) represented the induced hepatocellular carcinoma group supplemented with flutamide (androgen receptor blocker). Blood samples were obtained for assessment of a-fetoprotein, testosterone and IGF-1. Also liver tissues were evaluated for estimation of gene expression of androgen receptor. Results: The impact of flutamide treatment in the present study was observed in decreasing the serum levels of AFP (tumor marker), IGF-1 and androgen receptor gene expression that was reflected in the attenuation of histopathological state of HCC. Conclusion: Modulation of the efficacy of androgens through their receptors by administration of flutamide in male rats had been associated with braking the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting its protective role especially at the early stage of the disease.


This article documents a minor but charming moment in the history of Russian music. It involves the little-known Russian composer Peter Petrovich Sabouroff and the well-known Ukrainian/Russian pianist Vladimir de Pachmann. In 1906 Pachmann recorded a piano roll in which he added improvisations to a Polka composed by Sabouroff. I use the roll to create a previously unavailable score of the composition (including the improvisations) and an audio rendition of Pachmann's playing of it. This rendition does not use a physical reproducing piano; instead, the details recorded on the roll were mechanically digitised and then converted to sound by computer means. Piano roll recording technology had at least three substantial limitations. One limitation is newly discovered here: uncertainty as to which notes were actually played by the pianist; it is dealt with by editing the data. A second limitation is well-known: loudness was recorded at only two levels for the whole keyboard at any one time (though it could vary over time); it is dealt with by a novel algorithmic method. A third limitation concerns pedalling: only two levels were available, fully on or fully off; it is dealt with by editing based on listening. Finally, a new method of randomising the loudness attempts to give the rendition a more human quality than either the roll itself or the deterministic loudness algorithm could, by themselves, provide.


Doped Bi2Se3 is proposed to be a nematic superconductor originating from unusual interorbital pairing. We calculate all induced superconducting pair correlations in Bi2Se3 and discover that intraor ...


Research aim is to reduce the costs of a mining company and the number of accidents by increasing the efficiency of the use of equipment and eliminating the human factor. Research methodology: analysis of possible areas of application of autonomous mining dump trucks and problems associated with this process. Results. Mining is carried out in difficult mining conditions, which makes the presence of people in the working area of the quarry problematic. Mining companies are looking to cut costs and make jobs safer, especially in developed countries with high labor costs. The use of dump trucks with remote and autonomous control systems in open pits makes it possible to increase the safety and efficiency of open pit mining, reduce the influence of the human factor and increase the productivity of mining machines. While human drivers can do their job well, autonomous trucks can drive the exact route every time without getting bored, tired or resting. The car does not need clean air, good visibility and a lunch break. At the same time, mining autonomous dump trucks can be used in remote-controlled, semi-autonomous and autonomous modes, and the driver in them is replaced by a central controller and a local self-management system. The robot does not get tired and does not make mistakes, it can work 24 hours a day. Eliminating human error and regular training improves safety and increases the productivity of a mining operation. Such companies as BelAZ, Komatsu and Caterpillar are the leaders in the production of autonomous mining dump trucks. Conclusions. The introduction of autonomous transportation allows the mining company to actually reduce its operating costs. While autonomous technologies are still in their infancy, they continue to evolve. Complex solutions will be of great interest - centralized systems that allow working with a fleet of autonomous vehicles and other mining equipment. Therefore, this direction today is the most developing and promising, and the use of autonomous dump trucks in the mining industry is no longer a distant prospect, but a reality of today


Individualized  head-related  impulse  responses  (HRIRs)  to  perfectly suit  a  particular  listener  remains  an  open  problem  in  the  area  of  HRIRs modeling.   We  have  modeled  the  whole  range  of  magnitude  of  head-related transfer  functions  (HRTFs)  in  frequency  domain  via  principal  components analysis  (PCA),  where  37  persons  were  subjected  to  sound  sources  on  median plane.   We  found  that  a  linear  combination  of  only  10  orthonormal  basis functions was sufficient to satisfactorily model individual magnitude HRTFs. It was our goal to form multiple linear regressions (MLR) between weights of basis functions acquired from PCA and chosen partial anthropometric  measurements in  order  to  individualize  a  particular  listener's  H RTFs  with  his  or  her  own anthropometries. We proposed a novel individualization method based on MLR of  weights  of  basis  functions  by  employing  only  8  out  of  27  anthropometric measurements.  The  experiments'  results  showed  the  proposed  method,  with mean  error  of  11.21%,  outperformed  our  previous  works  on  individualizing minimum  phase  HRIRs  (mean  error  22.50%)  and  magnitude  HRTFs  on horizontal  plane  (mean  error  12.17%)  as  well  as  similar  researches.  The proposed  individualization  method  showed  that  the  individualized  magnitude HRTFs could be well estimated as the original ones with a slight error.  Thus  the eight  chosen  anthropometric  measurements  showed  their  effectiveness  in individualizing magnitude HRTFs particularly on median plane.


Multiscale representations such as the wavelet transform are useful for many signal processing tasks. Graphs are flexible models to represent complex networks and a spectral graph wavelet transform (SGWT) has recently been developed as a generalization of conventional wavelet designs.


An experimental procedure is proposed for accurately characterizing the Vdd- to-AM and Vdd-to-PM nonlinearities in a class E power amplifier (PA). Based on GaN HEMT technology, this transmission line switching PA is aimed to be used as modulating stage of a 900 MHz polar transmitter.


Mapping of multiple lines such as the fine-structure emission from [C ii] (157.7 μm), [O iii] (52 and 88.4 μm), and rotational emission lines from CO are of particular interest for upcoming line intensity mapping (LIM) experiments at millimeter wavelengths, due to their brightness features. Several upcoming experiments aim to cover a broad range of scientific goals, from detecting signatures of the epoch of reionization to the physics of star formation and its role in galaxy evolution. In this paper, we develop a semianalytic approach to modeling line strengths as functions of the star formation rate (SFR) or infrared luminosity based on observations of local and high-z galaxies. This package, LIMpy (Line Intensity Mapping in Python), estimates the intensity and power spectra of [C ii], [O iii], and CO rotational transition lines up to the J levels (1–0) to (13–12) based both on analytic formalism and on simulations. We develop a relation among halo mass, SFR, and multiline intensities that permits us to construct a generic formula for the evolution of several line strengths up to z ∼ 10. We implement a variety of star formation models and multiline luminosity relations to estimate the astrophysical uncertainties on the intensity power spectrum of these lines. As a demonstration, we predict the signal-to-noise ratio of [C ii] detection for an EoR-Spec-like instrument on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope. Furthermore, the ability to use any halo catalog allows the LIMpy code to be easily integrated into existing simulation pipelines, providing a flexible tool to study intensity mapping in the context of complex galaxy formation physics.