Since the DAWN (DWI or CTP Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake-Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo) and DEFUSE 3 (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) trials, advanced imaging protocols (computed tomography [CT] perfusion, magnetic resonance imaging) have become the hallmark of determining eligibility for endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke in the extended time period. Whether perfusion imaging was associated with better outcomes compared to patients who did not undergo CT perfusion before EVT was evaluated in this study by Nogueira and colleagues. The authors performed a post hoc analysis of registry-based data, comparing outcomes after EVT in patients in the early (<6 hours) and extended (6–24 hours) time windows based on imaging selection for EVT. There were 1106 patients across the study cohort, 1173 in the early window and 430 in the late window. In the early group, patients who underwent CT perfusion were slightly younger and had more prolonged onset-to-puncture times compared with those who underwent CT±CT angiography only; however, there was no significant difference in successful reperfusion, 90-day good functional outcomes, 90-day mortality, or symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage among the 2 groups. Similarly, in the extended time group, there was no difference in successful reperfusion or 90-day functional outcome measures between patients who underwent CT±CT angiography only versus those who also had CT perfusion. Similar results were obtained after adjusting for confounders, and in a subgroup analysis of patients that met DAWN study criteria. Although preliminary, these results question the added benefit of CT perfusion imaging for EVT selection. Given that CT perfusion may delay treatment times and may not be universally available, simplifying pre-EVT imaging protocols may have a significant impact on the late-presenting stroke population. Randomized trials evaluating pre-EVT imaging paradigms are needed to confirm these results. See p 491.


The main aim of bone tissue engineering is to fabricate highly biocompatible, osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Bone implants should support bone growth at the implantation site via promotion of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and formation of bone extracellular matrix. Moreover, a very desired feature of biomaterials for clinical applications is their osteoinductivity, which means the ability of the material to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward bone-building cells (osteoblasts). Nevertheless, the development of completely biocompatible biomaterials with appropriate physicochemical and mechanical properties poses a great challenge for the researchers. Thus, the current trend in the engineering of biomaterials focuses on the surface modifications to improve biological properties of bone implants. This review presents the most recent findings concerning surface modifications of biomaterials to improve their osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. The article describes two types of surface modifications: (1) Additive and (2) subtractive, indicating biological effects of the resultant surfaces in vitro and/or in vivo. The review article summarizes known additive modifications, such as plasma treatment, magnetron sputtering, and preparation of inorganic, organic, and composite coatings on the implants. It also presents some common subtractive processes applied for surface modifications of the biomaterials (i.e., acid etching, sand blasting, grit blasting, sand-blasted large-grit acid etched (SLA), anodizing, and laser methods). In summary, the article is an excellent compendium on the surface modifications and development of advanced osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive coatings on biomaterials for bone regeneration.


THE PROBLEM of poisonous fishes has been consistently neglected by ichthyologists and public health workers. With the expansion and development of shore fisheries in the tropical Pacific, poisonous fishes will become increasingly significant. The problem at this time is primarily an epidemiological one. A toxic species in one region may be commercially valuable in another-a situation which has resulted in considerable confusion. Concise knowledge of the taxonomy and biology of poisonous fishes is requisite if future studies regarding the physical and pharmacological properties of the toxins are to be of practical significance. The economic and military significance of such fishes is well established and the need for basic research is incontestable.


organizations, duty and choices. The last two chapters invite the reader to a more self-reflective journey focusing on the precautionary principle and patterns of behaviour in the world today that may shape the future. It is not necessary to follow the printed order; most chapters give something to take away without depending on the previous chapters to understand and follow, something I regard as an advantage, although the serious student of sustainability and ethics will quickly tire and be left wanting. For this reason, I would not recommend it as a critical read on the subject but would happily include it for more general reading in the professional's library.


A t the recent American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) meeting I learned much cancer biology and pharmacology. At times, it was an overload to try and absorb it all, especially, as there were 2 simultaneous pediatric platform sessions coinciding with a major pharmacology award lecture on the last day. As pediatric hematologist-oncologists, we all stand to learn from our internal medicine colleagues as well as the basic scientists (who are 70% to 80% of the attendees at the meeting). In addition, our colleagues may learn from us. That is to say, this is perhaps the best meeting for cross fertilization and acquiring knowledge that may be of use in ''translational medicine,'' which may help our patients. Unfortunately, of the more than 6000 abstracts at the meeting, only 128 were found to have the word pediatric or childhood cancer as keywords and the attendance at the pediatric specialty sessions was sparse. But enough of these thoughts; suffice it to say that increasing pediatric presence at the AACR would be beneficial to all attendees and the title of this commentary reflects such cross fertilization. Dr Sandra Houser from Cornell University presented data in her abstract, casein kinase 2 inhibits neutral endopeptidase enzyme activity, which allowed the conclusions that (a) kinase phosphorylation of Neprilysin (NEP) may regulate its activity thereby affecting its functions and (b) inhibition of casein kinase 2 (CK2), also known as protein kinase CK2, results in increased NEP activity, which will lead to increased growth inhibition. NEP, a well-described type II integral membrane protein of about 100 kd, is an endopeptidase. It seems to function as a regulator of cell proliferation by cleaving and inactivating bioactive growth factors. The substrates include peptides such as bombesin, endothelin-1, glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, bradykinin, and others (reviewed by Nanus and colleagues). As Houser noted ''In prostate cancer, NEP inhibits tumor cell growth, cell migration, Akt activation, and tumorigenicity.'' Thus, we can conclude that NEP functions as a tumor suppressor protein and moreover, based on the results here, that even if present to control cell division, phosphorylation by CK2 could inactivate it, hence CK2 is a growth promoter. In the excellent review by Nanus and colleagues, there are 4 suggested mechanisms for the activity of NEP including (a) the catalytic cleavage of substrates, (b) an indirect association with PI-3K, (c) direct binding to ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins, and last (d) direct association with PTEN resulting in increased PTEN phosphatase activity. As CK2 promotes proliferation, at least in part by inhibiting NEP, it also follows that the absence of NEP protein would also result in increased cell proliferation. Why are we dwelling on NEP? For those still curious about this, perhaps we ought to present its other names such as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10). If CD10 is a potential tumor suppressor when active and is present on the majority of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), then it may be important


The present invention provides a method and apparatus for reducing uneven brightness in an image from a particle based image system. This uneven brightness is most often seen as regions of shadow, but may also be seen as regions of over brightness. In cases where the uneven brightness is in the form of shadowing, the method corrects for the shadowy regions by first identifying the area of shadow, obtaining brightness information from a region near the shadow, where the brightness is optimal, applying statistical methods to determine the measured brightness as a regression function of the optimal brightness, and number and proximity of shadowy objects, then correcting the shadow area brightness by calculating the inverse of the function of the shadow brightness. With this method, the brightness within the shadowy or over brightness regions are corrected to appear at a substantially similar level of brightness as the region of optimal brightness in the image.


The deformation process of cone part cold extrusion is analyzed theoretically by means of rigid plastic finite element method and moire graph. The law of metal flow and the distributions of stress and strain are revealed. The experimental results show that the agreement between the numerical simulation results and the experiments is satisfactory. The results are valuable to define the process window for cone part extruding processes.


The consitutional articular hypermobility or, respectively, ligament laxity with its accompanying and pathological consequences of the hypermobility syndrome are almost unobserved in the German-speaking rheumatology literature, although we reckon with a (depending on the age and mainly female) prevalence of 3 %. Our aim is to fill this lack of information and experience with an extensive literature review, a documentation of an extended family with the polysymptomatic articular and extraarticular burdened picture of the "family hypermobility syndrome" as well as an example marked by collagen types and the electron microscopic results of operative preparations of a hypermobile premature gonarthrosis from this family. The atypical texture results of the skin confirm the overlapping nosology with the hypermobile type of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS III). The (discovered for the first time) abnormalities in the collagen pattern of the articular cartilage and meniscus confirm the hypothesis that this pathological collagen texture results in the instability and the susceptibility of the joint structures - presumably due to dominantly inherited genes of a disturbed collagen synthesis. The diagnosis of a generalised articular hypermobility ist based on the positivity of the Beighton scores, and this necessitates a clinical observation of the potentially pathological phenomen and the stigmata of the hypermobility syndrome. This and the sphere of this large, multidisciplinary and differential diagnostically relevant panorama of symptoms include episodes of synovitic irritations of the instable joints as well as their premature arthrotic degeneration, fibromyalgia, congenital or, respectively, habitual luxations, and adolescent chondropathia patellae. The extracellular results are the impact of a visceral and vascular "weak connective tissue", facial stigmata as well as the problems of disturbed senso-motoric and psychopathological conditions.


Applications of the theory and computations of Boolean matrices are of fundamental importance to study a variety of discrete structural models. But the increasing ability of data collection systems to store huge volumes of multidimensional data, the Boolean matrix representation of data analysis is not enough to represent all the information content of the multiway data in different fields. From this perspective, it is appropriate to develop an infrastructure that supports reasoning about the theory and computations. In this paper, we discuss the generalized inverses of the Boolean tensors with the Einstein product. Further, we elaborate on this theory by producing a few characterizations of different generalized inverses and several equivalence results on Boolean tensors. We explore the space decomposition of the Boolean tensors and present reflexive generalized inverses through it. In addition to this, we address rank and the weight for the Boolean tensor.


Objective To investigate the synaptic connections between endomorphin-immunoreactive(ir) terminals and μ opioid receptor-ir neurons in the superficial layers(laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ) of the rat spinal dorsal horn. Methods The double-labeling immunohistochemical electron microscopic technique,i.e.pre-embedding immunohistochemical detection of endomorphin combin with pre-embedding immuno-gold particles labeling technique to identify μ opioid receptor-immunoreactivity,was used in the present study. Results μ opioid receptor-ir neuronal cell bodies,fibers as well as axon terminals were observed in laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the spinal dorsal horn,meanwhile dense endomorphin-ir axon terminals were located mainly within the same region.Under electron microscope,the synaptic connections formed by endomorphin-ir axon terminals labeled with diaminobenzidine(DAB) reaction products and μ opioid receptor-ir neuronal cell bodies and dendritic profiles labeled with immuno-gold particles were observed.The principle synaptic type was asymmetric synapse.There were more axon-dendritic synapses than axon-somatic ones as encountered in the present study.Conclusion The distribution patterns of endomorphin-ir and μ opioid receptor-ir structures match with each other in the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn,that provides morphological base for the antinociceptive effects of endomorphin and μ opioid receptor in the processing of nociceptive information transmission.


We present an analysis of the complex associated system of the high-redshift QSO HE 2347-4342. Absorption features of $\ion{H}{i}$, $\ion{C}{iii}$, $\ion{C}{iv}$, $\ion{N}{v}$, and $\ion{O}{vi}$ with up to 16 components occur in the optical spectral range located up to $1500\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$ redwards from the emission line. Apparently, $\ion{C}{iv}$ and $\ion{N}{v}$ show the line locking effect. A quantivative analysis of the line distribution comparing simulated spectra with randomly distributed doublets reveals, however, no statistical evidence for its physical reality. Using photoionization calculations to emulate the observed ion column densities we constrain the quasar's spectral energy distribution. Absorbers in the velocity range of $200 {-} 600\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$ can be modelled successfully with a spectral index of $\alpha \sim -3$ at energies higher than $3 {-} 4\,\mathrm{Ryd}$, which is an energy distribution similar to the QSO continuum suggested by Mathews & Ferland ([CITE]). The analysis of a group of high velocity absorbers ($v > 1300\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$) leads to a harder energy distribution. The large amount of helium ($\log N_{\mathrm{\ion{He}{ii}}} > 16.3$) associated with these absorbers implies that they are responsible for the observed absence of the proximity effect (Reimers et al. [CITE]). Clouds located more distant from the quasar may be shielded from the high energy part of the quasar continuum due to optically thick absorption shortward of $228\,\mathrm{\AA}$ by the high velocity absorbers. A group of absorbers with $900 < v < 1200\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$, in particular a cloud at $1033\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$, which has the most reliable column density measurements, can be modelled neither with photoionzation nor under the assumption of collisionally ionized gas. Possible explanations are a multiphase medium with a mixture of photo and collisionally ionized gas and/or gas in non-equilibrium.


The hot deformation behavior of a new austenitic stainless steel under compression was investigated in the temperature range of 850~1250℃ and strain rate range of 0.01~8s~(-1). The apparent activation energy is about 455kJ/mol. Hot deformation equation is given to characterize the dependence of peak stress on the temperature and strain rate.On the basis of dynamic materials modeling,processing maps of energy dissipation efficiency were evaluated.Energy dissipation efficiency gradually increases with the increase of temperature and decrease of strain rate,and it reaches a max value 0.4 under 1150℃.


Alcohol (ethanol) intoxication remains one of the most abused substance in the United States and other part of the world. In addition, an association between alcoholism and trauma has long been recognized. Moreover, thermal injury after alcohol exposure have been shown to exhibit higher morbidity and mortality in humans. However, the mechanism of alcohol‐related toxicity with or without thermal injury is not entirely clear. Several studies including ours have shown that exposure to pro‐oxidative stressors including ultraviolet B (UVB) generate the potent lipid mediator with platelet‐activating factor‐receptor (PAF‐R) ligand activity. Notably, these PAF‐R ligands mediate UVB‐induced acute pro‐inflammatory effects and also augment photosensitivity associated with the deficiency of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A. Given that several agents can modulate PAF‐R ligands production and systemic ethanol exposure enhances UVB‐induced effects, we hypothesize that ethanol can synergistically potentiate UVB‐mediated PAF‐R ligands production as well as acute pro‐inflammatory and systemic effects. Using the human keratinocyte‐derived cell line, HaCaT, we demonstrate that preincubation with ethanol resulted in an augmentation of PAF‐R ligands production in response to low (sub‐erythematic) doses of UVB. Pre‐treatment of C57BL/6 mice with systemic ethanol resulted in an augmented skin production of PAF‐R ligands in response to UVB. We demonstrate that pre‐treatment with systemic ethanol followed by UVB irradiation of PAF‐R positive wild‐type versus PAF‐R‐deficient mice resulted in enhanced skin erythema response compared to UVB alone treated group in a PAF‐R dependent fashion. Moreover, the combination of ethanol + UVB resulted in increased systemic toxicity, including lung inflammation only in wild‐type mice and not in the PAF‐R‐deficient mice. These studies demonstrate the involvement of the PAF‐R pathway in ethanol‐induced acute toxic effects and that ethanol can synergistically potentiate PAF‐R‐mediated systemic effects when combined with agents (such as UVB) exhibiting pro‐oxidative stressors property. These studies indicate that blocking PAF‐R‐mediated pathway could be used as a promising approach to prevent ethanol ± UVB‐mediated acute and systemic toxicities.


The total variation distance is proposed as a privacy measure in an information disclosure scenario when the goal is to reveal some information about available data in order to receive utility, while preserving the privacy of sensitive data from the legitimate receiver. The total variation distance is motivated as a measure of privacy-leakage by showing that: i) it satisfies the post-processing and linkage inequalities, which makes it consistent with an intuitive notion of a privacy measure; ii) the optimal utility-privacy trade-off can be solved through a standard linear program when total variation distance is employed as the privacy measure; iii) it provides a bound on the privacy-leakage measured by mutual information, maximal leakage, or the improvement in an inference attack with an arbitrary bounded cost function1.1This work has been carried out when the first author was with the Information Processing and Communications Laboratory at Imperial College London.


Sydnones are classified as one class in hetercyclic chemistry and the resonance hybrids of these compounds have been research interests since their advent in literatures. Furthermore, the unique pharmacological activity exhibited by sydnone derivatives allow them an integral role in the pharmaceutical area. With the improving of Computer hardware systems, Molecular Orbital Calculations can be employed as a powerful and versatile physical method for chemists to date. The conjugation patters of sydnone compounds have been subjected to studies by ab initio calculations at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level followed by analysis using the Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) method performed on the DFT wavefunctions. In addition to the geometry parameters and fundamental electronic properties, we have employed the second order perturbation energy within the NBO approach and the Harmonic Oscillator Model of Aromaticity to evaluate the major conjuation patterns reported in literature. The substitution effects on the energies of HOMO/LUMO have also been examined and interpreted in terms of the orbital interaction argument develop at our lab. Kinetic studies by DFT calculations have also been performed on the recent synthetic study, making use the actitivity of sydnones, in the pharmacological chemistry.


This article outlines a set of plug-in tools running on MATLAB to automatically import, preprocess, and evaluate the quality of electro-encephalography (EEG) data stored using the Brain Imaging Data Structure BIDS-EEG standard. As a proof of concept, we apply several possible data quality metrics to 30 EEG studies (sets of compatible datasets) currently available in BIDS-EEG format on the OpenNeuro.org platform. The bids-matlab-tools plug-in for EEGLAB (sccn.ucsd.edu/EEGLAB) checks for the presence of information needed for analysis, then applies preprocessing pipelines that compute data quality metrics and retain dataset portions (e.g., those channels and time points) that appear suitable for analysis. These and other data measures and visualizations will be made available to the EEG community through a new NEMAR.org web portal now under development to support the use of the OpenNeuro.org data archive by the human electrophysiology research community.


Cloud environments can store data for the medical field with a large-scale system. Importantly, early detection of diseases using clinical data analysis is essential in medicine. Cardiovascular disease has emerged as the primary cause of sudden high-risk health-related fatalities in recent years. Analyzing time series data has become more complex and non-linear, making predictive risk analysis through feature analysis a crucial aspect of data analysis. Feature measures that are not feasible can hurt prediction accuracy and may result in misclassification. To overcome this problem, an improved clinical data analysis model using Adaptive Deep Feature Neural Classification (DFNC) method for cardiac data prediction can identify early risk stages. Time series data can be standardized from the CVD-DS dataset initially selected using a preprocessing model. Correlation with a subset of margins can be obtained using the Cardiac Deficiency Prediction Rate (CDPR). Then, the Support Frequent Scaling Feature Selection (SFSFS) model can extract the feature components based on the CDPR weights. The required features can be obtained using a deep neural classifier based on logistic neurons. The classifier is based on a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that deliberates each class category's feature values and Cardia Influence Rate (CIR). Classification, precision and recall can be implemented in the proposed method to provide high prediction accuracy. Additionally, early cardiovascular disease risk prediction accuracy may support early diagnosis management.


We describe behavior of the air-coal mixture using two sets of Navier-Stokes equations for gas and particle phases. The undergoing chemical reactions are described by Arrhenian kinetics (reaction rate proportional to exp " − E RT " , where T is temperature). We also consider the aerodynamic forces between the gas and particle phases, and the heat transfer via conduction and radiation. The system of PDEs is discretized using the Finite Volume Method and an Advection Upstream Splitting Method as the Riemann solver. The resulting ODEs are solved using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. Results regarding numerical convergence estimation and parallelization efficiency are presented. AMS subject classifications. 35L65, 76M12, 80A20


: Monosubstituted ureas are important scaffolds in organic chemistry. They appear in various biologically active compounds and serve as versatile precursors in synthesis. Monosubstituted ureas were originally prepared using toxic and hazardous phosgene equivalents. Modern methods include transamidation of urea and nucleophilic addition to cyanate salts, both of which suffer from a narrow substrate scope due to the need for a strong acid and prolonged reaction times. We hereby report that ammonium chloride can promote the reaction between amines and potassium cyanate to generate monosubstituted ureas in water. This method proceeds rapidly under microwave irradiation and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Unlike previous strategies, it is compatible with other nucleophiles, acid-labile moieties and most of the common protecting groups. The products precipitate out of solution, allowing facile isolation without column chromatography.


This paper proposes to use a state feedback method to control the Hopf bifurcation for a novel congestion control model, i.e. the exponential random early detection (RED) algorithm with a single link and a single source. The gain parameter of the congestion control model is chosen as the bifurcation parameter. The analysis shows that in the absence of the state feedback controller, the model loses stability via the Hopf bifurcation early, and can maintain a stationary sending rate only in a certain domain of the gain parameter. When applying the state feedback controller to the model, the onset of the undesirable Hopf bifurcation is postponed. Thus, the stability domain is extended, and the model possesses a stable sending rate in a larger parameter range. Furthermore, explicit formulae to determine the properties of the Hopf bifurcation are obtained. Numerical simulations are given to justify the validity of the state feedback controller in bifurcation control.


This paper discusses the primary period of municipal reform in the period of 1989-1991. Separately the first municipal reform was distinguished and studied. The author gives a definition of the municipal reform, defines its objectives and components. A political and legal analysis of legislation of municipal reform is undertaken. The main purpose of this publication is a study of the role and place of the local authorities in the political process in conditions of transformation of the entire political system.


The title compound has been synthesized and its structure refined by using powder diffraction data. The structure is orthorhombic, space group Immm , with cell constants a = 7.1156 (9), b = 10.2863 (18), c = 6.5756 (9) A, and Z = 4. Two types of Nb atoms are present in the structure: Nb1 atoms in Nb2O8 clusters with one of the shortest Nb-Nb distances known so far (2.560 A), and Nb2 atoms forming layers of connected NbO6 octahedra. The electronic structure obtained from Extended Huckel tight-binding band calculations suggests the coexistence of Nb(1+) ions in the Nb2O8 clusters with quadruple Nb-Nb bonds, together with Nb(4.5+) ions in the layers of octahedra. Deviations from this simplified model are analyzed. The electrical behavior, measured in the temperature range 4.2 K < T < 300 K, is metallic at low temperatures and practically temperature-independent at room temperature. A semimetallic character is proposed based on the calculated band electronic structure, with the states around the Fermi level localized mainly on the layers of octahedra parallel to the ac plane.


Using exact time observations for the years 1958 through 1963, a re-examination is made of the seasonal variations in length of day and their relation to geophysical effects. For the most important parameter, the relative angular momentum of the atmosphere, a large body of aerological data has been evaluated, which was not available when Mintz and Munk carried through the first study of this kind about 15 years ago. The seasonal change of atmospheric mass over the Antarctic is introduced as an additional minor effect. The other geophysical phenomena contributing to the annual and semiannual variations of the length of day are used as given in Munk and MacDonald's recent monograph on the rotation of the earth. The result is that there remains a semiannual term in the yearly march of the length of day that cannot be explained by known geophysical effects, too large to be considered an error effect alone.


Modern mobile phones in the near future will adapt their applications, services, and look-and-feel based on their usage and environment. This ability of the devices to adapt based on user's context provides new challenges in areas of context sharing, context management, and in the associated area of privacy. Inadequate relationship models make control over disclosure impossible, which manifests itself in either sharing too much information-compromising ones privacy, or sharing too little-constraining the use of context in a shared environment. In this paper, we define a new pseudo-hierarchical tag based relationship model to overcome the constraints of control over disclosure. Furthermore, we discuss some of the pitfalls of sharing context on user's privacy.


Evaluating trends and developments in the tourism accommodation industry often requires analysis of the financial viability of specific tourism accommodations. However, proprietary financial information for such accommodations is often not easily available, thus making it difficult to perform such an analysis. More importantly, this difficulty is exacerbated by the marked lack of a model or financial profiling method capable of generating financial information for existing or proposed tourism accommodations. This paper presents a new method, created by the author, whereby individual resort's operational cash flows in currency amounts become ascertainable. "The Amos Tourism Accommodation Profiling Method" enables the recreation of historic cash flow representations, which facilitate the modeling of investment recovery positions for existing resorts and assist in forecasting potential returns of future resorts.


is. But he cannot restrict himself to this problem without ignoring the greatest of human interests. The nature of reality and the meaning of worth appeal to him equally. To attain a point of view from which their relations are intelligible is the object of his search; and this involves something more than loyalty to facts; it needs equal loyalty to ideals of worth. That it is hard to maintain the attitude of impartial regard to fact, on the one hand, and to ideal, on the other, need not be denied. That it is still harder to reach the point of view that will comprehend them both harmoniously, is obvious. It may be that no philosopher has ever attained, or ever will attain, a fully satisfactory solution. He may be fated always to be a seeker. But the search is not therefore vain. Science, as we have seen, has to frame and use conceptions which go far beyond the mere data of sense-perception, and their abundant verification is evidence of a harmony between the intellect of man and the truth of things. His ideas of worth lay claim to a similar objectivity. And it is this that justifies the creative attitude of the speculative philosopher. It is because his own mind has in it something akin both to objective fact and to objective worth that he embarks on the quest for their final synthesis.


The invention provides a network control strategy generation method, comprising the steps of obtaining network state data; estimating network state information according to the network state data and predicting the state information of a network at a next moment according to the network state information; receiving data stream currently entering the network and preprocessing the data stream to obtain a data stream preprocessing result; generating a control action through application of a current network control strategy according to the network state information, the state information of the network at the next moment and the data stream preprocessing result; controlling the network according to the control action and obtaining the feedback information of the network controlled by the control action; and carrying out real-time adjustment on the current network control strategy according to the feedback information, thereby obtaining the network control strategy at the next moment. The network control efficiency is improved by adjusting the network control strategy self-adaptively in real time.


Given the critical role of galectins in cancer and other diseases, considerable efforts have been deployed towards the development of carbohydrate-based inhibitors that limit the binding of galectins to glycosylated residues on cell surface receptors. However, despite decades of research, progress in this field has not met expectations. In this article, we discuss the rationale justifying the development of a new class of galectin-specific peptide inhibitors that disrupt the formation of a prototypic galectin and its protumorigenic functions. These dimer interfering peptides (DIPs) represent an interesting alternative—and possibly a complementary avenue—to neutralize galectin-mediated protumoral functions. If validated, the approach could broaden the classes of galectin inhibitors that can be readily generated against other prototypic galectins, and possibly all other galectin subtypes. A. The Need for New Galectin Inhibitors Members of the galectin family exert essential functions by interacting with a large diversity of binding partners, both outside and inside cells. Following their release outside cells, either passively from dead cells or actively via non-classical secretion pathways, extracellular galectins bind glycosylated growth receptors on the surface of normal and cancer cells to control their signaling threshold. These interactions are primarily mediated by a highlyconserved glycan binding site (GBS) located on the surface of each carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) that form galectin dimers or oligomers (Fig. 1A–B). However, under stress or pathological conditions, the expression level of galectins is often significantly increased and leads to misregulated functions. For example, increased expression of intracellular galectins in cancer cells may lead to altered cell growth, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and/or increased invasive behavior (1). Outside the cell, galectins bind to glycosylated receptors on the surface of immune cells to control the fate of effector and regulatory lymphoid and myeloid cell populations (2). Such properties enable galectins to induce apoptosis of cancer-killing T cells or to induce a tolerogenic state in tumor-associated macrophages (3). Thus, galectins represent a significant obstacle to successful cancer immunotherapy. Considerable efforts are therefore being deployed to modulate their activities. Until now, most efforts have focused on carbohydrate-based inhibitors aimed at disrupting GBS-dependent intracellular signals triggered upon binding of galectins to cell surface glycoreceptors. Often, these inhibitors are high molecular weight, naturally occurring or chemically-modified plant polysaccharides with significant structural complexity, or small mono/disaccharides that block binding of extracellular galectins to cell surface glycoreceptors (4, 5). These include modified citrus pectin (MCP) or GCS-100. In some cases, the effectiveness of this approach in neutralizing the galectin-mediated immune suppression has been demonstrated using in vivo preclinical studies. For example, intratumoral injection of thiodigalactoside (TDG) increases the infiltration of cancer-killing immune cells (6, 7). However, the effectiveness of plant oligosaccharides and other galectin carbohydrate-based inhibitors in restoring cancer-killing activity of immune cells, such as the synthetic glycoamine analog lactulosyl-L-Leu, remains to be established. Until now, studies on the anti-tumoral efficacy of these compounds have mostly focused on their ability to inhibit the survival of human cancer cells or their resistance to drug-induced apoptosis (8–10). Moreover, these carbohydrate-based inhibitors often have a relatively low binding affinity for galectins and the assumption that many of these drugs are true selective CRD inhibitors has recently been challenged (11). Based on the hypothesis that galectin ligand binding avidity is increased during clustering of glycoreceptors, several investigators have thus developed synthetic glycopolymers/glycodendrimers that target the GBS of galectins (12–15). Yet, the greatest challenge using GBS inhibitors (GBSIs) is to achieve high selectivity to minimize off-target effects, especially considering the striking structural and GBS similarity between all human galectin CRDs (Fig. 1C). The use of (glyco) peptides identified following screening of libraries is an interesting avenue that is being explored to identify GBSIs with better selectivity for galectin-1 and -3 (16). High selectivity is a critical issue because carbohydrate-based inhibitors with limited selectivity may also have limited efficacy given the proand anti-tumoral functions of galectins and the relatively wide repertoire of galectins expressed in tumor tissues. We and others MINIREVIEW doi: 10.4052/tigg.1730.1SE (Article for special issue on Galectins)


The power control apparatus for properly feeding the power generated by the fuel cell or a solar cell including a Where Used is disclosed. The disclosed power control apparatus, and an auxiliary converter of the second transformer into a voltage for supplying the BOP components, including the main converter, the output voltage of the main converter an operation of a power source for transforming the output voltage of the power source, a primary, first additional secondary winding of the transformer to the winding unit, but the output voltage of the power source passing through a second converter may be supplied directly to the BOP components, each of the variable pressure to the appropriate voltage to supply the output voltage of the power source to the Where Used in the main converter characterized in that the bar. According to this structure, since, except for the initial start mode and only go through the process of transforming a single voltage supplied to the BOP components, it can significantly reduce the power loss than the conventional.


. The effect of self-interactions of heavy scalar fields during inflation on the primordial non-Gaussianity is studied. We take a specific constant-turn quasi-single field inflation as an example. We derive an effective theory with emphasis on non-linear self-interactions of heavy fields and calculate the corresponding non-Gaussianity, which is of equilateral type and can be as relevant as those computed previously in the literature. We also derive the non-Gaussianity by directly using the in-in formalism, and verify the equivalence of these two approaches.


Value adjustments of property, plant and equipment are the revaluation of fixed assets at fair value following an evaluation process by qualified experts who have specific training and are empowered to report an opinion on the fair value of the assets. The study aims at conceptually assessing the need for adjustments after dividing the fair value reporting of the taxable amount and consolidating the position of the company, reflected by the financial statements, by transmitting current information on the value of the fixed assets. This issue will be the subject of a questionnaire sent to the managers of financial entities, a questionnaire covering the subject field, the results can be disseminated to obtain pertinent conclusions regarding the proposed research model


In criminal matters, what marks the legal situation of the accused is to receive a sentence of innocence or conviction at the end of the criminal process, and said resolution must contain the so-called criminality judgment, understanding this as the subsumption of the fact to the criminal type. The methods used in the present investigation were deductive and inductive. This work helps those involved form their criteria on the importance of making a correct judgment of typicality.


The operating environments in power plant cycles require the use of high-purity feedwater combined with careful chemical control to minimize deposition and corrosion problems. Condensate polishing system provide plant operators with a tool to control the transport of soluble impurities and corrosion products during normal operation, start-ups, shutdowns, and other plant transients. The objective of this program was to provide an understanding of the factors that influence condensate polisher performance. In order to achieve a large data base for evaluation, a lengthy and detailed plant survey was chosen as the means by which to accumulate the data. Response to the survey was excellent. Of the 268 surveys distributed, 147 were completed and returned with 135 of these included in a computerized condensate polishing data base. The data from the effort have been summarized in this report to show the environment, operation problems as performance of both deep bed and powdered condensate polisher system.


Objective:To assess the efficacy of shenqi fuzheng injection in the treatment of stomach cancer.Method:The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CBM,VIP and CNKI databases were searched.Randomized controlled trails(RCTs) included were evaluated and analyzed by the software RevMan 5.0.Result:9 RCTs were included.The result of Meta analysis demonstrated that shenqi fuzheng injection as adjunctive therapy was superior to routine treatment in effective rate [RR=1.54,95%CI(1.25,1.89),P0.0001].As compared with control group,the improving of quality of life was higher in the treatment group [RR=3.14,95%CI(2.11,4.69),P0.00001].Conclusion:Shenqi fuzheng injection was effective for stomach cancer.However,due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies,a firm conclusion can't be drawn about the efficacy of shenqi fuzheng injection for stomach cancer.The results suggest that further and larger-scale trials using shenqi fuzheng injection for stomach cancer are needed.


In order to serve the green and low-carbon transformation of the energy system, coordinate the reliability, economy and low-carbon of the energy system, and consider the rational cascade utilization of retired power batteries, a multi-objective energy storage allocation model is established with the distribution network containing wind and light resources as the research object. The optimization objectives of the model are total system cost, wind/solar abandonment rate and load power shortage rate, which are solved by improved differential evolution algorithm. Through the analysis of an example, the distributed generation and energy storage system are optimized at the same time, which verifies the rationality of the used retired battery utilization strategy and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm. The method can effectively improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, reduce the system configuration cost and support the reliable operation of the distribution network.


For the optimal design of innovative curvilinearly stiffened panels with several design variables,a parameter design approach is proposed to minimize the weight of stiffened panels subjected to constraints on buckling,Von Mises stress and crippling. MSC. PATRAN / NASTRAN are utilized to build panels ' model parametrically and get structural responses,respectively. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ( NSGA-Ⅱ) is adopted to obtain the optimal design. In order to create the geometry of curvilinear stiffener reasonably and briefly,location and shape of stiffener's axis are defined in B spline based on the coordinates of start point,end point and control point. Placement and shape variables,as well as sizing variables including thicknesses and heights of stiffeners,and plate thickness,are optimized simultaneously in a single run using the one step strategy. Subjected to in-plane compress and shear loadings,quadrilateral simple supported panels stiffened with straight /curvilinear stiffeners are optimized to the minimum weight designs,respectively. The results show that in complex loading condition,panel stiffened with same number of curvilinear stiffeners,could improve its structural efficiency,and achieve structural weight reduction.


Summary form only given. The voltage oscillation is observed in the discharge voltage waveform of a fluorescent lamp. The characteristics of the voltage oscillation are investigated experimentally as a function of discharge current, I/sub D/ (200/spl sim/500 mA), operating frequency, f (1/spl sim/400 kHz), discharge tube diameter, /spl Phi/ (15.5/spl sim/38 mm), discharge length, L (6.5/spl sim/123 mm), and electrode heating current, I/sub H/ (0/spl sim/0.4 A), where the characteristics of the oscillation are described by the amplitude of the voltage, V/sub pp/, and the half-cycle time, T/sub pp/, at the first half-cycle. The employed discharge tube is filled with Ar of 333Pa and small quantity of Hg. The electrodes are those employed in ordinary 20 W fluorescent lamps.


Aiming to take the usability evaluation of interactive systems to the early stages of the software development process we propose a method to the model-based usability evaluation. In order to cover subjective aspects and evaluate models used in the real world we propose a non-automatic method to be applied on software engineering models: guidelines to model-based usability evaluation. To refine the proposed method, we carried out some experiments combining different evaluation methods and models. After the method definition and refinement, we carried out an experiment to validate our proposal. From the results of this experiment we may say that we reach a set of guidelines to anticipate the usability evaluation using models. The validation process is presented in this paper.


Every early childhood program has its own aspirations for the children and families it serves. Maybe you care most that children make friends and resolve conflicts peacefully. Maybe your passion is helping children and their families make connect with the natural world. Perhaps you hope children will claim and master many expressive languages that allow them to make their ideas and imaginings visible to themselves and others. You may be committed to helping every child gain competence and confidence in early academics – writing, reading, counting. Whatever it is you hope to achieve, your success will depend on how fully you are able to help each child and family grow a sense of belonging in your program. To learn is to risk and to venture – and most of us won't risk and venture unless we feel fundamentally secure where we are. We must feel that we are on the "inside" of someplace safe in order to step outside of ourselves and grow.


Shedding light on the nature of surface barriers of nanoporous materials, molecular simulations (Monte Carlo, Reactive Flux) have been employed to investigate the tracer-exchange characteristics of hydrocarbons in defect-free single-crystal zeolite membranes. The concept of a critical membrane thickness as a quantitative measure of surface barriers is shown to be appropriate and advantageous. Nanopore smoothness, framework density, and thermodynamic state of the fluid phase have been identified as the most important influencing variables of surface barriers. Despite the ideal character of the adsorbent, our simulation results clearly support current experimental findings on MOF Zn(tbip) where a larger number of crystal defects caused exceptionally strong surface barriers. Most significantly, our study predicts that the ideal crystal structure without any such defects will already be a critical aspect of experimental analysis and process design in many cases of the upcoming class of extremely thin and high...


As part of a multi-wavelength campaign to observe the 2000–2002 outburst of the prototypical symbiotic star Z Andromedae, we observed this object six times each with the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) and Very Large Array (VLA). The radio flux varied significantly during the course of the optical outburst at all three observation frequencies (1.4, 5, and 15 GHz). A jet-like extension was present in the 2001 September MERLIN image and appeared to be aligned perpendicularly to the plane of the binary orbit. Assuming that the ejection took place at the beginning of the optical outburst, the 0.06 ′′ separation between the peak of the extended emission and the central core implies that the ejected material was moving with a velocity of � 400 kms −1 . This extended emission faded on a timescale of � months and was not detected at any other epoch. We consider the implications of jets being a component of a "prototypical" symbiotic system and compare properties of the observed jet of Z And with those of the jets in X-ray binary systems.


© . , . , . , . For the implementation of development measures for missile artillery weapons, an adaptive plan can become an important element in the planning system, which provides timely regulation of the military-purpose system. In order to plan activities for the development of missile and artillery weapons samples in the practice of the militarydefense system, it is necessary: have a trained unit for adaptive planning with defined rights and responsibilities, with the task of solving specific problems; direct their activities to specific organizations and institutions; to take advantage of the strengths of the military system and the capabilities of the environment for the development of missile-artillery weapons samples; to set specific terms for the implementation of activities (works); have stable security; to create a methodical device for adaptive planning, to train staff, to establish internal communication that would allow them to respond promptly to changes in the conditions of the situation, to exchange information and bring it to all relevant organizations and employees, coordinate their actions and have feedback. Taking into account the requirements and approaches to adaptive planning of the military system, a typical structure of an adaptive plan for the development of missile-artillery weapons designs is based on the principles of adaptive planning (management). In general, the structure of the adaptive plan allows management in conjunction with the ability to take into account changes in the external and internal environment, which may cause the need for adjusting the plan already in the process of its implementation. The identified requirements and the presented structure of an adaptive plan for the development of missile-artillery armament samples are typical (basic) ones, which in the final implementation for the developers of the adaptive plan need to be clarified and corrected.


The Upper Callovian-Oxfordian strata of the Kachchh Basin, western India, record three positive excursions of phosphorus. They have been documented in three sections of the Chari Formation from different parts of the basin. Corroboration of field and petrographic data with trends of major and trace elemental data and elemental ratios of the strata revealed that these excursions were coeval with reduced chemical weathering in the source area and significant reduction of siliciclastic influx to the depositional sites. The


This article investigates the relationship between student–teacher ethno-racial matching and students' placement in reading ability groups in kindergarten and first grades in the United States. Multilevel regression analysis of a nationally representative sample of students shows that Latino/a first graders are more likely to be placed in higher ability groups when assigned to Latino/a teachers. Furthermore, teachers' perception of students' learning behavior, a variable that has been linked to teacher–student racial congruence in the literature, has a strong positive effect on ability group placement in kindergarten and first grades. These findings have implications for minority teacher recruitment policies in school districts.


The article outlines the concept of semantic digital libraries systems,analyses and compares BRICKS,Fedora and JeromeDL that applied in semantic digital libraries systems,such as systems technology framework,content and metadata,semantic technology application.At last,the article describes the future of development of semantic digital libraries systems.


e19033 Background: SNX-5422 is an orally bioavailable pro-drug of SNX-2112, a highly potent and selective Hsp90 inhibitor with preclinical anti-tumor activity in lung cancer models and synergy with platinum and taxane compounds. Carboplatin/paclitaxel is a commonly used treatment for advanced lung cancer. This phase 1 study examined SNX-5422 plus carboplatin/paclitaxel followed by SNX-5422 maintenance therapy in pts with advanced lung cancers. Methods: Eligible pts had advanced NSCLC (EGFR wild-type or non-sensitizing mutation, ALK wild-type) or extensive stage SCLC and up to one prior line of chemotherapy. Pts received paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 5) q3w up to 4 courses and SNX-5422 qod (starting at 50 mg/m2), 21 of 28 days, with a standard 3+3 dose escalation rule during the combination followed by SNX-5422 (100 mg/m2 qod) monotherapy for maintenance until disease progression. Safety and tolerability were evaluated to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of SNX-...


The oil in the pipelines must be heated to a certain temperature in some oil fields in north of China. Otherwise, the oil will freeze because of much paraffin mixed in it. A method to detect the direction of the pipeline underground accurately is described in the paper. The temperature of the pipelines can conduct to the surface of the soil and be detected by an uncooled focal plane arrays (UFPA) sensor. The output of the thermal infrared sensor can be expressed as the gray thermal pictures. According to the different degree of gray in the thermal pictures, the temperature distribution of the soil surface can be obtained, and then the direction of the pipelines underground can be judged. The advantage of the method is simple operation, direct display and harmless to human and the environment. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


The concept of -shape is defined for an arbitrary compactum, and it is proved that two -sets lying in the -dimensional universal Menger compactum have homeomorphic complements in it precisely when their -shapes are equal.Bibliography: 15 titles.


Abstract Phosphorylated β-allenic amines were obtained by aminophosphorylation of β-allenic aldehydes and ketones. When treated by silver tetrafluoroborate in methylene chloride, they generated phosphorylated nitrogen cycles such as 1-pyrrolines and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines, with dephosphorylation of the latter tetrahydropyridines producing 3,6-dihydropyridines.


The $T \overline{T}$ operator provides a universal irrelevant deformation of two-dimensional quantum field theories with remarkable properties, including connections to both string theory and holography beyond $\mathrm{AdS}$ spacetimes. In particular, it appears that a $T \overline{T}$-deformed theory is a kind of new structure, which is neither a local quantum field theory nor a full-fledged string theory, but which is nonetheless under some analytic control. On the other hand, supersymmetry is a beautiful extension of Poincar\'e symmetry which relates bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. It is natural to ask what one can learn about irrelevant deformations in supersymmetric quantum field theories. In this thesis, we describe a presentation of the $T \overline{T}$ deformation in manifestly supersymmetric settings. We define a"supercurrent-squared"operator, which is closely related to $T \overline{T}$, in any two-dimensional theory with $(0, 1)$, $(1, 1)$, or $(2, 2)$ supersymmetry. This deformation generates a flow equation for the superspace Lagrangian of the theory, which therefore makes the supersymmetry manifest. In certain examples, the deformed theories produced by supercurrent-squared are related to superstring and brane actions, and some of these theories possess extra non-linearly realized supersymmetries. We then show that $T \overline{T}$ defines a new theory of both abelian and non-abelian gauge fields coupled to charged matter, which includes models compatible with maximal supersymmetry. Most of this thesis is adapted from previous publications. However, the final chapter presents new results on $T \overline{T}$-like deformations of general gauge theories in an arbitrary number of spacetime dimensions; this analysis has not appeared in past work.


Gravely bus fire situation of recent years in Chinese was analyzed and infered via citing statistics.The reasons of bus fires were summarized and preventive measures were presented.This paper emphasised on the fire protection of the bus cabin and the engine compartment at home and abroad.The application of ultrafine powder extinguishing equipment,water mist fire extinguishing technology,hot gas sol fire extinguishing technology and agent fire extinguishing equipment in bus engine compartment were expounded respectively;The evacuation and fire fighting measures in bus passenger cabin were introduced.The authors suggested that the research on bus fire preventions should be accelerate to reduce the fire loss.


In order to meet the higher requirements of 5G and iot technologies on the operation, maintenance, management and control of optical communication transmission network in the future, low-cost optical transmission network simulation system is urgently needed to realize the rapid improvement of maintenance staff's operation and maintenance ability. In response to this problem, this paper adopts a hardware functions software implementation method, under the guidance of design ideas such as versatility, uniformity, standardization, authenticity and openness, based on a combination of software and hardware architecture, to develop a low-cost simulation network management system and simulation optical transmission network with complete functions and strong expandability. It can provide support for the intelligent management, application, teaching and training of optical transmission network equipment.


her PhD postdoctoral fellowships Her and MPhil degrees are the School of International Studies Jawaharlal She grew up on the campus of what was then the Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad and also obtained an MA in French from CIEFL. Her research projects focus on international security, national identity, and immigration. Abstract The term 'grand strategy' may appear be an extravagant and abstract expression, yet it is simply a shorthand manner of describing a country's efforts in diverse areas towards its key goals. According to Yale historian Paul Kennedy, the crux of grand strategy lies in the "capacity of the nation's leaders to bring together all of the elements, both military and nonmilitary, for the preservation and enhancement of the nation's long-term (that is, in wartime and peacetime) best interests" (Kennedy 1991:5). Thus, grand strategy deploys all of a country's assets. For India, one such asset is the English language. Although English was a 'gift'– unasked for and problematic – from its British colonizers, modern India has strategically deployed English as part of its grand strategy. The first section of the paper considers the global dominance of English and the political implications thereof. The next section provides a brief historical overview of English in India. English is a strategic asset in three areas: domestic politics, economics, and diplomacy. The third section discusses the contribution of English competence to India's achievements in these three sectors. The final section discusses the role of English education in foreign policy.


In this beautifully illustrated andwelldocumented volume, Gamwell and Tomes lead the reader on a tour of past ideas about madness in America. The format of the book\p=m-\partly an exhibition catalogue and partly a collection of historical vignettes\p=m-\reflects the unusual collaborative effort of its authors who represent, respectively, the professions ofmuseum curator and medical historian. The book begins with a Navajo night chant rug, used in the cure of an unstable person (someone who "acted like


In this paper,the temporal and spatial characteristics of urban heat island effect in Tianjin city in the year 2008 were analyzed by using the observation data and the 6 h ground general data from 14 automatic meteorological stations in Tianjin.The results showed that the urban heat island effect in Tianjin not only had significant diurnal,monthly,seasonal and annual variation characteristics,but also was closely related to the method to choose urban and suburban stations.Finally,the relationship between urban heat island intensity and cloud,wind,humidity was analyzed by using the multiple linear regression analysis method.It was found that the wind speed was a dominant meteorological factor,but the overall impact of the meteorological elements on the urban heat island effect in Tianjin was relatively limited.


As the distance between the copper pillars and the size of the solder continues to shrink, the solder joints are subjected to extremely high current density and thermal energy density. This paper is aiming to analyze the electromigration reliability of solder joint with different shapes. Both experiment and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to investigate the Mean-time-to-failure(MTTF) of solder joints. Firstly, finite element models of solder joints were established. And then, the current density, temperature, and stress distribution in the solder joints were analyzed according to the model. After that, the chip samples were made by thermal compression bonding. The electromigration experiments were carried out at 150°C, and the interface evolution of solder joints with different shapes was analyzed. Finally, the modified Black's formula was adopted to calculate the MTTF of three different solder joints. According to the calculation results, it can be obtained that cylinder-shaped solder joints have better electromigration reliability than hourglass-shaped bumps and barrel-shaped bumps.


Palavras-chave: F acomatose pigmentovascular, nevo pigmentar, malformacao vascular, mancha mongolica aberrante. ABSTRACT Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is defined as the association of a vascular malformation with an extensive pigmented nevus. Currently, it is classified into three groups: cesioflammea, spilo- rosea and cesiomarmorata. A case of an infant with 5 months of age who presented the association of vascular malformation and aberrant mongolian spots since birth, without systemic involvement, is presented. The interest in this case relates to the rarity and need to recognize the syndrome and its repercussions.


We propose a new approach to real-time monitoring and management of data center infrastructure using low-power wireless sensors. This system enables monitoring and optimization of parameters such as power, temperature, humidity, airflow, among others. Given the mission critical nature of data centers, the monitoring system must be reliable and deployed through a non-invasive process. This paper describes a monitoring system that collects data to help users make more informed decisions, reduce downtime and cost of operations, improve efficiency, perform energy audits, plan space usage, and develop predictive behavior models.


"Web
Based Registration System for UMNO Bakri Branch" is a registration
management system which is developing to this particular politic organization. The
development of this project is to revolutionize from manual transaction to web
application. Moreover this system could help the organization to give contribute to the
society. In the development of this system, the developer use Web Engineering (WebE)
as methodology and with support of Unified Modeling Language (UML). Beside that,
PHP Hypertext Processor (PHP) technology had been used and MySQL is chosen as the
database. Finally, with the existence of this system, all the transactions used by
organization will be done effectively.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to identify the influence of brand equity (BE) of commoditized products of famous brand on purchase intention and willingness to pay a premium price in an emerging market; second, to identify the relationship between the BE of these products and their antecedents; and third, to identify the influence of subjective norms on purchase intention and BE. Commoditized products are bought due to necessity and not desire, are homogeneous, produced on a large scale, and have low added value.

Design/methodology/approach
A theoretical model is proposed contemplating the constructs: BE, purchase intention, premium price, perceived quality, brand recall, perceived value and subjective norms. We performed a quantitative study with 432 respondents. We used questionnaires, and we analyzed the data using the structural equation modeling with partial least squares.

Findings
The results indicate a positive relationship between BE and purchase intention, BE and premium price, perceived value and BE, subjective norms and purchase intention and subjective norms and BE. It should be noted that an emerging market has characteristics distinct to that of a mature market, justifying specific research in this context.

Originality/value
The study brought a theoretical model relating antecedents and consequents of BE in the segment of commoditized products. Furthermore, it indicated the strength of the brand of the commoditized products in an emerging market scenario.


Summary Like other 3-enol ethers of δ4δ3-ketosteroids, 17α-ethynyl-19-nor-testo-sterone acetate-3-cyclopentyl enol ether (EN TACP) possesses unusual biological properties. ENTACP is approximately twice as active as its parent ketone (ENTA) in producing endometrial proliferation in the immature estrogen-primed rabbit. In stimulating uterine growth ENTACP behaves like a true estrogen whereas ENTA or 17α-ethynyl-19-nor-testosterone (ENT) act as impeded estrogens, androgens, or progestogens, yielding a shallow dose-response curve. While ENTACP was significantly more androgenic than ENTA or ENT, the three compounds were equipotent in producing masculinization of female fetuses. Although adrenal hypertrophy was noted, neither ENT or ENTACP affected the corticoidogenic response of the adrenals to ACTH. However, when steroid output was corrected for differences in adrenal weight, both compounds either reduced the capacity of the adrenal cortical tissue to respond to ACTH or the increase in adrenal size was not due to an increase in corticosteroid producing tissue. When administered postcoitally, ENTACP was slightly more effective than ENTA in interfering with pregnancy. This may have been related to the inherent estrogenicity of each compound. Unlike methyltestosterone-3-cyclopentyl enol ether, orally administered ENTACP is not stored in body fat and does not have prolonged biological activity.


Introduction: The Justice and Development Party: Making Choices, Revisions and Reversals Interactively Aumit Cizre Part 1: Historical Evolution and the Interactive Making of the Justice and Development Party 1. The Specific Evolution of Contemporary Political Islam in Turkey and Its 'Difference' Menderes Aainar and Burhanettin Duran 2. Problematizing the Intellectual and Political Vestiges: From 'Welfare' to 'Justice and Development' Ahmet Yildiz 3. The Emergence of Turkey's Contemporary 'Muslim Democrats' Kenan Aaayir 4. The Justice and Development Party's 'New Politics': Steering Toward Conservative Democracy, a Revised Islamic Agenda or Management of New Crises? Burhanettin Duran Part 2: Secular Establishment and the Justice and Development Party 5. The Justice and Development Party and the Kemalist Establishment Menderes Aainar 6. The Justice and Development Party and the Military: Recreating the Past after Reforming It? Aumit Cizre Part 3: European Union Dimension 7. The Justice and Development Party and the European Union: from Euroscepticism to Euro-enthusiasm and Euro-fatigue Ali Resul Usul Part 4: Empirical Data and the Justice and Development Party 8. The Social Bases of the Justice and Development Party Ertan Aydin and Ibrahim Dalmis Conclusion Aumit Cizre


Background: The most frequent cause of severe abdominal discomfort is acute appendicitis.
Prophylactic antibiotics should be used as directed to reduce the risk of postoperative surgical site
infections (SSIs). There is no denitive recommendation, though, for how long to use antibiotics. There has only been one
preoperative prophylactic dose several randomised control trials strongly suggest. Therefore, the goal of the study was to
ascertain if postoperative antibiotics were necessary following laparoscopic appendix surgery for nonperforated appendicitis.
Methods: A total of 52 nonperforated appendicitis patients were separated into two groups and underwent laparoscopic
appendectomy. Patients in group B (n=26) received three postoperative doses of antibiotics in addition to the one preoperative
dose given to group A's (n=26) patients. Regular investigations, such as Complete blood count, blood urea, serum creatinine,
and other tests like an abdominal ultrasound were also carried out. After a laparoscopic appendicectomy, the surgical incision
was examined to check for any evidence of postoperative SSI after 48, 72, and 7 days. Results: Group A had a mean age of
30.6± 10.5 years compared to group B's mean age of 30.7 ±9.5 years (p=0.75). Right iliac fossa pain was the initial complaint of
every subject in the research. Grade III SSIs occurred in 0ne patient in group A (4%) and one patient in group B (4%) and were
treated conservatively. The difference in the incidence of SSIs between the two groups was statistically negligible (p=1.000).
Conclusions: After a laparoscopic appendicectomy, prophylactic postoperative doses of antibiotics offer no additional
advantage over a single preoperative dosage in terms of preventing postoperative SSIs


This paper analyzes the background and significance of advancing the sustainable development, expounds the necessity of implementing the sustainable development strategy in China, and probes into the route selection of implementing the sustainable development strategy.


Defects in railroad tracks are responsible for several incidents every year. Rail gage is one of the most important measurements for track maintenance because deviations in gage indicate where potential defects may exist. In addition, missing rail fasteners can be considered a critical defect that should be detected and repaired because missing fasteners are a common cause of gage misalignment issues. An improvement or enhancement to the currently available automatic inspection system specifically devised to estimate rail gage and detect missing rail fasteners is presented. A three-dimensional (3-D) imaging sensor, which produces high-resolution two-dimensional images and 3-D profiles, is used to capture the data. Then a range-based approach is used to inspect the railroad track. The 3-D structure of the rail components (rail heads and rail fasteners) is relied on instead of a vision-based approach, which suffers from illumination changes. The system is evaluated with data recorded from real scenarios in two cities (Metro Madrid in Spain and the London Underground) with different nominal gage values and fastening elements. The system is described, and results are presented, evaluated, and discussed.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of resistant starch (RS) from Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), which was prepared by autoclaving treatment and pullulanase hydrolysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the chestnut resistant starch (CRS) granules had a cohesive structure, an irregular shape, and diameters ranging from 6.0 to 7.2 µm. The enzymatic and retrogradation processes increased the yield of RS, and also decreased its swelling power, water solubility, and viscosity. An increase in transparency was also observed. The percent syneresis of the two starches increased steadily over time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that autoclaving and pullulanase hydrolysis converted C-type native starch into a B-type pattern and increased the crystallinity. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated a reduction in gelatinization temperature and enthalpy compared with native starch. The thermal properties of RS increased due to the retrogradation and recrystallization (p < .05).

Practical applications
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an important nut crop with high nutrition and planted in China widely. High water content in fresh chestnut leads to mildew attack easily, which will affect the chestnut market value and trade business. Therefore, it has great significance and practical demand to develop the deep processing technology and diversify its products. The resistant starch has been implemented as an ingredient for its resistant digestion properties for making flour food and functional food. However, the research and application of resistant starch from Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) has been rarely seen. This study investigated the structural and physicochemical properties of chestnut resistant starch and provided a reference for the application of chestnut resistant starch in the food processing industries. For example, an increase in transparency and syneresis suggested chestnut resistant starch could be potentially used as a functional ingredient in jelly, beverages, and other food products, but not be possible for use in the frozen food industry.


This article is to study the wave equation and simply physical pattern. It analyses a spots machinery energy and the spot is on the balance position of a wave. And debates the variation of the spots energy of a wave equation.


There are different quantitative category of language.Subjective quantity refers to that speakers always add their own subjective consciousness while speaking. Concessive complex sentences can express speakers' subjective consciousness.Combined the knowledge of subjective quantity the article researches into the concessive complex sentences.According to the characteristics of concessive complex sentences,the front clause and the latter clause can't be placed in the same quantity level.When the


Overview This course applies microeconomic reasoning to public issues, policies, and programs. It considers economic incentives and organizations; models of economic behavior, including markets, the absence of markets, and interventions in markets; the price system and how it works; and policy objectives and instruments Requirements: There will be 8 problem sets, a midterm, and a final exam. The midterm will take up two hours of a class period on March 7, and the final will be on May 9. The problem sets will make up 20% of your grade. The midterm will make up 25% and the final 40%. The final 15% will be made up of class participation. While students are encouraged to work in small groups on the problem sets, they must be written up individually. Late problem sets are not accepted. Students are expected to uphold the university academic integrity policy. The policy can be found at: Readings The textbook for this course is Microeconomics, Eighth Edition, by Robert S. Pindyck and Daniel L. Rubinfeld (Prentice-Hall, 2007), hereafter referred to as P+R. Older editions are also acceptable. Other standard textbooks cover similar material to that in the Pindyck and Rubinfeld text. Students are encouraged to peruse through other micro textbooks to see if the material is covered or explained in ways that is more to their liking (use the index to the book if you are looking for a particular concept). Other textbooks include:


Using standard results from higher (secondary) index theory, we prove that the positive scalar curvature bordism groups of a cartesian product GxZ are infinite in dimension 4n if n>0 G a group with non-trivial torsion. We construct representatives of each of these classes which are connected and with fundamental group GxZ. We get the same result in dimension 4n+2 (n>0) if G is finite and contains an element which is not conjugate to its inverse. This generalizes the main result of Kazaras, Ruberman, Saveliev, "On positive scalar curvature cobordism and the conformal Laplacian on end-periodic manifolds" to arbitrary even dimensions and arbitrary groups with torsion.


edare not only from a wide geographicalfield but also from a.wide medical field, although surgical and urological publications are most prominent. The journals are those received by the editor between October, 1949, and October,1950. The openingchapteron generalconsiderations covers examination of the urine, infections, calculi, aneesthesiaand urography (pyelography). In the chapteron the kidney are sectionson anomalies,anatomy and physiology, tumours,tuberculosis,hrematuria,trauma.,renal insufficiency, 1 "The Biology of Human Starvation", by A. Keys, J. Brozek, A. Henschel, O. Mickelsen and H. L. Taylor, with forewords by J. C. Drummond, R. M. Wilder, C. G. King and R: R. Wllliams; 1950. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. Melbourne: Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press. 10" x 7". In two volumes. Volume I, pp. 790; Volume II, pp. 632. Both volumescontain lllustrations. Price: £12 12s. 2 "The 1950 Year Book of Urology (October, 1949-0ctober, 1950)", edited by Wllliam Wallace Scott, M.D., Ph.D.; 1951. Chicago: The Year Book Publishers,Incprporated. 8" x 5", pp. 416. Price: $5.00. miscellaneoussubjectsand surgical technique. The adrenais have a chapter to themselvesthis year, the main aspects included being adrenal cortical hyperfunctlon and tumours, especiallyphreochromocytoma.A short chapteron the ureter containssectionson anomalies,calculi and surgical technique. In the chapteron the bladdermuch the largest sectiondeals with tumours, a fact presumablyreflecting what the editor refers to as "the magnitude of the problem of bladder cancer"; the other sections are concerned with surgical technique,anomalies,micturition, neurogenicbladder,cystitis and urological problemsin the female subject. The chapter On the prostate has sections on the choice of operative approach, transurethral resection, suprapubic, retrograde and perineal prostatectomy, carcinoma, and physiological and pathologicalstudies. The last chapter,on the genitalia, dealswith the penis,the urethra,hypospadias,testis tumours, scrotal swellings, the vas deferens and seminal vesicles, Infertility and miscellaneoussubjects. Austraiian authors mentionedinclude C. Craig, D. B. Duffy, K. B. Fraser,V. S. Howarth and R. J. Silverton. Good printing, binding and general presentationcombine with the subject matter to make this an attractive and useful summary of current urological literature.


A university course on wild edible and medicinal plants is described. The course objective-student skill in identifying and using wild plants as food and medicine in a safe and enjoyable way-was fulfilled. Students acquired not only botanical theory but also hands-on experience in securing their own free nutrition and healthcare. They gave high marks to the course and even demanded extra classes-certainly a first in my career. For all the current emphasis on teaching about the natural environment, it is amazing that we have failed to educate the public about gathering wild plants-the most prevalent natural objects around us-for their food and medicine. Surprisingly the United States, reputedly the home of pragmatism, has singularly failed in this respect. Many reasons can be adduced for the failure. First, the sociological dictum that macro structures influence local processes suggests that civilization itself is prejudiced against wild plants. Since the inception of agriculture, humans have deluded themselves with the anthropocentric notion that they are above nature and hence do not need the wild. They believe they control nature (and ignore the fact that nature controls them) and hence mass-produce their own food and medicine from farm and factory. Thus, wild foraging is disparaged as primitive, while spending hard-earned money on nutritionally and medically dubious products is lauded as civilized. Second, civilization's Judaeo-Christian tradition seems to have a special animus against the wild. From the unfortunate association between a wild apple and the moral collapse of humanity, to the one between herbalism and witchcraft (during the "Enlightenment"), this religious tradition has hardly been sympathetic to wild vegetation. Yet, whatever the moral value of wild herbs, their ingredients, biochemically speaking, still offer nutrition and healing. Third, the current political economy of civilization-capitalism-ignores and disparages things that make no profit, especially free nutrition and healing from the wild. Every language is a theory: products from supermarket and pharmacy are labeled "food" and "medicine," while their wild botanical counterparts that do the same more safely, cheaply, and effectively are labeled "weeds" and the humans who consume them "poor." Who wants to be called a poor weed-eater? Yet if education is supposed to empower students to provide for their basic needs, and not make them dependent on remote institutions, then we must take wild edibles and medicinals more seriously. Strangely, we teach the young to negotiate supermarket and pharmacy, but not their own backyard, which is chockfull of food and medicine. Certainly the owners of food and drug companies prefer it that way, but is that way serving our students? Finally, the public fears that "Johnny will be poisoned." Yet upon just a little reflection, the anxiety is untenable. While occasionally we hear about hospital admissions of children who have eaten wild plants and gotten sick, it is clear that Johnny poisoned himself not because he was educated about wild plants but because he was not. Indeed, you will find many more toxic plants, profitably sold, down the street in commercial outlets than in the wild (e.g., daffodils). The simple fact is this: If Johnny is going to poison himself, he will most likely do it in and around his own house with store-bought plants, not wild ones. THE UTILITY OF A WILD PLANT COURSE To redress this failing, I taught a course called Wild Edible and Medicinal Plants at my university in the fall of 1997 and again in the spring of 1999. The logic, which I shared with my students, was as follows. * Familiarity with wild plants can save lives. It is first of all a survival skill, removing a major latent anxiety: IfI am stranded in the wild, can I feed and heal myself? * We value what we use. By not using the wild's bounty, we have little reason to preserve it; that is the root of the ecocrisis. …


Over usage of ground water is influences quality of water. Present situation ground water quality is important factor at the time water shortage and human health in terms of water borne diseases. In the present study area, mainly focused on physic chemical parameters i.e., pH, conductivity, Temperature, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Chlorides, Sulphates, Phosphates, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Nitrates, Fluorides, Sodium, Potassium and Dissolved Oxygen of ground water in and around pydibheemavarm village. Some of the parameters concentrations were indicate above the ground water quality permissible levels of World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).


in barrack. the and virulent diphtheria bacilli in per cent.—in the of eighty-nine healthy subjects. In a scarlatina ward of infected by one case of diphtheria, bacilli in twenty per cent, of the with without diphtheritic affection. After removal of the infected soldiers from the barrack and the from the ward the epidemic ceased.


Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were identified by revealing the presence of cholinergic receptors (AChR) with α‐bungarotoxin coupled to the fluorescent dye cascade blue in 9‐ and 60‐day‐old normal and heterozygote mdx mice. Dystrophin was detected by an immunoperoxidase technique. All the muscle fibers of the normal animals observed in cross sections were immunorective for dystrophin and an accumulation of dystrophin was observed at all NMJs identified by α‐bungarotoxin. In the 9‐day‐old mdx heterozygote animals, dystrophin positive, negative, and partially positive muscle cross sections were observed. Four different observations were made in these heterozygote animals on the coexistence of AChR and dystrophin. First, α‐bungarotoxin sites (i.e., NMJs) were observed on dystrophin positive muscle fiber cross sections with an accumulation of dystorphin positive fibers without a dystrophin accumulation at NMJs. Third, there was a coexistence of α‐bungarotoxin and dystrophin labelling at NMJs of muscle fibers with perimeters labelling negative for dystrophin. Fourth, NMJs identified by α‐bungarotoxin, were observed on muscle fibers negative for dystrophin even at the NMJ. These observations suggest that dystrophin is present not only in the muscle membrance but also in the presynaptic nerve terminals.


The global crisis of the first decade of the 21st century will produce long-term negative
effects on the real and financial sectors of many countries. Caused in the financial
sector, it has quickly transferred to the real one, causing a recession in many
countries. In this paper we will try to identify the role of the banks in financing of small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the Visegrad group (V4) countries
(Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) and Serbia. The aim of this paper
is to try to answer the main question such as: does banking sector, in these analyzed
five countries, support SMEs in the period of global economic crisis? The paper is
focused on economic aspects and tries to explain effects and results on the marketSMEs-banking
sector relationship.


Objective To investigate the correlations between serum CA125 level and infiltration of lymphoma cells and response to treatment in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL).Methods Serum CA125 levels in 103 patients with NHL were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA),and the associations between CA125 levels and other presenting features were examined.Results CA125 levels were elevated in 49.5% of patients with NHL. A higher CA125 level was associated with high serum lactate dehydrogenase level, bone marrow involvement, extranodal involvement, and effusions, bulky disease and high expression of CD20(P0.05). Complete responses were higher in patients with normal CA125 levels than in patients with elevated CA125 levels, and the latter patients were apt to recurrence.Conclusion There are some correlations between serum CA125 level and infiltration peculiarity of lymphoma cells. And serum CA125 can be taking as an important auxiliary index to diagnose, advanced disease and evaluation the effectiveness of treatment.


AbstractThis article addresses a much misunderstood and perhaps underestimated polemic. For some of the "post-war babies" and "children of the 1960s," the popular norms for sexual expression have taken on an increasingly multidimensional perspective. Currently many are tending to embrace an enlightened, goal directed eroticism, while others idealize sexual abstinence. This latter group has chosen celibacy as a response to our culturally widespread sexual performance pressures. We have concluded that secular celibacy is related to sexual performance expectations. These expectations may result in a withdrawal from sexual activity, a condition we have labeled sexual burnout. As such, we see celibacy as a rational, even therapeutic choice for individuals experiencing burnout.


Abstract This article describes the arch loading of the Third Millennium Bridge, a major construction phase performed to indirectly stress the cable hangers close to their target value. The bridge is a bow-string-type arch made of high-strength white concrete and has a main span of 216 m. Arch loading was performed by leaving without pouring the top segment of the arch and installing within this room a set of parallel hydraulic jacks that were able to apply a working load of 120 MN and conveyed a compression load into the arch. This compression produced an upward displacement of the arch, which pulled up the hangers while loading them. Ideally, the loading would have continued up to fully supporting the deck from the arch through the hangers; however, it was stressed only up to 80% of the fully stressing load following the developed method statement, which accounted for eventualities. After this phase, the top segment of the arch was completed and hanger forces were brought to their final values by direct stressing of the cables.


Trade union strikes can legally go ahead if more than half the votes are in favour of action, regardless of how many members vote. The Trade Union Bill seeks to change this process by requiring that at least 50 per cent of all eligible members take part for such ballots to be legitimate. Christopher Kirkland and Matthew Wood argue this proposal is an example of how the focus on turnout ignores the fact that democracy is not just the result of a vote, but the process of voting.


This treatise is a case study that provides an insight into the status of private archives in South Africa with regards to their protection and access provisions. The paper is based on the author's experiences as a manuscript librarian at the now defunct Lutheran Theological Institute (LTI) Library and Archives and research on faith-based archives which this institution was endowed with. The thesis of this paper is that records and archives legislation in South Africa as far as it applies to private archives is lethargic and not comprehensive enough to provide an enabling environment for their stewardship which is leading to loss of documentary heritage. The demise of this institution and the subsequent loss of the collection is testimony. In consequence, faith based collections (religious archives) need to be legislated like their counterparts public archives for protection and access in terms of the law.


There are provided an imaging device, an imaging method, and a program capable of improving image quality. The method includes: a step of controlling a light source so as to apply an irradiation light having a higher luminance than that of the atmosphere coming to the biological body; a step of adjusting an imaging sensitivity of a solid-state imaging element for photo-electrically converting thepattern scattering light obtained via the inner portion of the biological body; a step of masking the luminance-deteriorated area in the pattern image obtained from the solid-state imaging element; and a step of generating the image masked as a synthesis object image with a reference image.


We introduce the macroscopic model of nonlinear elastic materials,Preisach-Mayergoyz model(PMmodel). PM model is founded by the response of the pair of stresses( σ 0 ,σc)of many hysteretic mesoscopicalunits(HMU)versus loading and unloading;and it′s nonreversible through the original path. Porous saturated rockshave characters of hysteresis and discrete memory to describe. Based upon the hypothesis that the macro nonlinearelastic properties of porous rock are caused by an enormous variety of mesoscopical structural features such ascracks,joints and contacts;we have simulated hysteresis and discrete memory in rock by the PM model. Thecurves of stress-axial strain,stress-radial strain in the rock are determined by the space density and elasticproperties of HMU in PM model. The elastic moduli have close relation with distribution of PM space density anda pair of equilibrium length of HMU. The treatment in PM model emphasizes the importance of stress history inthe determination of the elastic state of a rock. The PM space density reflects the constitutive relationship responseof a rock under cyclic loading in some degree. We argue that hysteresis is the cause of discrete memory in rockthrough the simulation of a rock′s discrete memory. We can also use the equation of the stress-strain state to simulate the discrete memory of a rock observing in the experiment.


Pressure-related skin lesions on the digits are a significant cause for patient discomfort and complaint. Most foot pain related to ill-fitting shoes is in the forefoot and digit areas (Paiva de Castro et al., 2010). Pain has been associated with a poor fit of the shoe, toe box volume as well as contour and shape of the shoe. Medical grade footwear (off the shelf prescription footwear) is designed as an intervention for patients who have chronic lesions on the digits. Normally, these medical shoes are designed with a flexible neoprene fabric upper that is thought to reduce pressure on the forefoot and reduced discomfort associated with ill-fitting shoes. However, there is limited research on the mechanical impact on the digits when changing from normal shoes to medical grade footwear.


\The teacher preparation curriculum is weighted heavily with courses inèducation methods' at the expense of courses in subject to be taught." | A Nation at Risk ((NAR]) \Half of the newly appointed mathematics, science, and English teachers are not qualiied to teach these subjects..." | A Nation at Risk ((NAR]) x1. The importance of content knowledge x2. Re-examination of standard upper division courses x3. Some proposed changes x4. An experiment x5. On problem-solving x6. What teachers in K-5 need x7. Relation with the mathematics education reform 1. The importance of content knowledge It would be non-controversial to state that a successful math education reform must comprise improvements in at least three areas: (1) the mathematical qualiication of the teachers, (2) the mathematical coherence of the curricula, and (3) the attitude towards learning on the part of students. In this article, I will address only the rst problem: how to provide better mathematical education for the teachers. In the process, I will also address the larger issue of how to better educate our math majors in general. The reader may well ask: does this imply I consider the teachers' pedagog-ical equipment irrelevant to the quality of instruction in school mathematics? Not at all. But to the extent that pedagogy has been overemphasized in schools of education whereas content knowledge 1 is all but ignored (see the and Andre Toom for valuable comments. 1 There seems to be some confusion in the use of the term content knowledge at the moment. Some educators tend to think of it as \an inventory of formulas and facts", so that this term tends to connote memorization without understanding. On the other hand, when mathematicians say students should know a certain fact, they have in mind not only that the latter should know the precise statement, but also the reason why it is true (formal proof as well as intuitive idea) and how to use it. Thus content knowledge as used in this article includes what the educators call \facts, conceptual understanding, and problem solving ability". See also the discussion in x5.


Simple analytic solutions of the linear axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium problem are derived by differentiation of more complicated separated solutions with respect to the separation parameter. In the simplest case, a closed representation of all possible polynomial solutions is obtained.


The urban fringe,a transition between city and countryside,is characterized by high market utilization extent,intensified utilization and frequent circulation.Due to its complicated land types,the urban fringe is not well utilized,or even wasted,or overly converted into industrial development lands.This paper summarizes the major issues in sustainable development of urban fringe,and presents some suggestions,aiming at enhancing urban fringe land utilization,combining human economic activities,land utilization and eco-environmental construction together so as to achieve a target of plowland protection,construction land protection and eco-environmental protection.


AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FETs (HJFETs) on a thinned sapphire substrate are demonstrated with improved power capability. A 16 mm wide unpassivated HJFET on a 50 μm thick sapphire demonstrated 15.9 W cw saturated output power, 9.0 dB linear gain, and 29.1% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 34 V drain bias. Also, an 8 mm wide SiN-passivated HJFET on a 50 μm thick sapphire exhibited 11.9 W cw saturated output power, 13.3 dB linear gain, and 49.7% PAE at 26 V drain bias. The 15.9 W result is the highest total power achieved for GaN FETs on sapphire, establishing the validity of the GaN-on-thinned-sapphire technology.


Information systems (IS) development should not only accomplish functional models but also conceptual models to represent the organizational environment in which it will have to evolve and must be aligned with strategic objectives. Generally, a significant innovations in the enterprise, is to organize its IS around its business processes. Otherwise, business models must be enriched by the agent paradigm to reduce the complexity involved in solving a problem by the structuring of knowledge on a set of intelligent agents, the association between agents and activities and collaboration among agents. To do this, we propose an agent oriented approach based on the model-drivenarchitecture (MDA) for the information system development. This approach uses in its different phases, the BPMN language for the business processes modeling, AML language for the agent modeling, and JADEX platform for the implementation. The IS development is realized by different automated mappings from source models to target models.


Last month's highly publicized announcement by NASA of a discovery suggesting that Mars may have once supported a primitive form of life has sent two groups of individuals into frantic bursts of theorizing. One consists of exobiologists, who have had slim pickings from the red planet over the past few decades. The other, far larger group consists of political observers in and around Washington. They are busy trying to analyse how, if at all, the announcement might affect NASA's budget.