Each city has its unique urban form. The importance of urban form on sustainable development has been recognized in recent years. Traditionally, air quality modelling in a city is in a mesoscale with grid resolution of kilometers, regardless of its urban form. This paper introduces a GIS-based air quality and noise model system developed to study the built environment of highly compact urban forms. Compared with traditional mesoscale air quality model system, the present model system has a higher spatial resolution down to individual buildings along both sides of the street. Applying the developed model system in the Macao Peninsula with highly compact urban forms, the average spatial resolution of input and output data is as high as 174 receptor points per km2. Based on this input/output dataset with a high spatial resolution, this study shows that even the highly compact urban forms can be fragmented into a very small geographic scale of less than 3 km2. This is due to the significant temporal variation of urban development. The variation of urban form in each fragment in turn affects air dispersion, traffic condition, and thus air quality and noise in a measurable scale.


The market quest for fast-charging, safe, long-lasting and performant batteries drives the exploration of new energy storage materials, but also promotes fundamental investigations of materials already widely used. Presently, revamped interest in anode materials is observed -- primarily graphite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Here, we focus on the upper limit of lithium intercalation in the morphologically quasi-ideal highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), with a LiC$_6$ stoichiometry corresponding to 100\% state of charge (SOC). We prepared a sample by immersion in liquid lithium at ambient pressure and investigated it by static $^7$Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We resolved unexpected signatures of superdense intercalation compounds, LiC$_{6-x}$. These have been ruled out for decades, since the highest geometrically accessible composition, LiC$_2$, can only be prepared under high pressure. We thus challenge the widespread notion that any additional intercalation beyond LiC$_6$ is not possible under ambient conditions. We monitored the sample upon calendaric aging and employed ab initio calculations to rationalise the NMR results. The computed relative stabilities of different superdense configurations reveal that non-negligible overintercalation does proceed spontaneously beyond the currently accepted capacity limit.


The frontal portrait of a seated man with a hand raised to his chin with his right arm resting on a table is the subject of this painting. Maps can be seen on the wall behind and books rest on the table.


The most important structures in a probable earthquake are the hospitals that Konya Numune and Meram Medicine FacultyHospitals have priority in all of the others in Konya. In this study, it is aimed to determine the seismic safeties of the Surgery Block of Konya Numune Hospital and Emergency Room Building of Meram Medicine Faculty which are the prior buildings of Konya. In order to determine the seismic safeties of the Surgery Block of Konya Numune Hospital and Emergency Room Building of Meram Medicine Faculty, the present architectural, statical structural projects of these structures were examined and the harmony of these projects with their site applications were controlled, the applied material strengths were compared with the values defined in the projects and the required statical and structural analysis were carried out. Finally, from all of these investigations there are found that these two buildings were not resistant against an earthquake and they should be strengthened immediately.


This study describes and demonstrates a new method for identifying deficiencies in how cloud processes are represented in large-scale models. Kilometer-scale-resolving cloud radar observations and cloudresolving model (CRM) simulations were used to evaluate the representation of cirrus clouds in the single-column model (SCM) version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System model for a 29-day period during June and July 1997 at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program site in Oklahoma. To produce kilometer-scale cirrus statistics from the SCM results, synthetic subgrid-scale (SGS) cloud fields were generated using the SCM's cloud fraction and hydrometeor content profiles, and the SCM's cloud overlap and horizontal inhomogeneity assumptions. Three sets of SCM synthetic SGS cloud fields were analyzed. Two NOSNOW sets were produced in which clouds did not include snow; one set used random overlap, the other, maximum/random. In the SNOW set, clouds included snow and random overlap was used. The three sets were sampled in the same way as the cloud-radar-detected cloud fields and the CRM-simulated cloud fields. The mean cirrus cloud occurrence frequency for the SCM NOSNOW cloud fields agrees with the observed value as well as the CRM's does, while that for SCM SNOW cloud fields is only half that observed. In most aspects, the SCM's cirrus properties differ significantly from the cloud radar's and the CRM's, which generally agree. In comparison, there are too many physically thin SCM NOSNOW cirrus layers (most occupy only a single model layer) and too many physically thick SCM SNOW cirrus layers (most are thicker than 4 km). For the optically thin subset of cirrus layers, 1) the mean, mode, and median ice water path, and layer-mean ice water content (IWC) values for the SCM are significantly larger than the observed and CRM values; 2) the SCM layer-mean IWCs decrease with cloud physical thickness, opposite to the observations and CRM results; and 3) the range of layer-mean effective radii in the SCM thin cirrus is too narrow.


The present investigation dealt with the antiproliferative, DNA-cleaving and preliminary phytochemical screening of n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Balanites roxburghiana Linn. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the antiproliferative activity against chronic myelogenous leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal adinocarcinoma and normal human kidney embryonic cell lines. Calf-thymus DNA cleavage analysis was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis at various concentrations from 10 to 100 µg and preliminary phytochemical screening has been performed using standard procedure. The antiproliferative assay results of the extracts revealed that the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts were more active compared to the methanol extract. The methanol extract showed 21.7 % activity against breast cancer cell lines only. n-Hexane extract (V1) exhibited DNA cleavage at all concentrations, which could be due to binding to DNA. The dichloromethane extract (V2) exhibited DNA cleavage at all concentrations but a very prominent low molecular weight DNA band formation could be observed with increasing concentration of the extract, With the methanol extract (V3), the DNA cleavage increased with concentration of the sample. A partial cleavage could be found at 10 µg concentration under a UV transilluminator. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed presence of flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins.


Book reviewed in this article:

Knowledge to Support the Teaching of Reading: Preparing Teachers for a Changing World. Catherine Snow, Peg Griffin, & M. Susan Burns. (Eds.). 2005.


BV GEORGE BALLARD BOWERS THE Igorots of Bontoc, although natives of the Phihppines, were never considered citizens while Spain ruled that archipelago. They were pagans : only Christians were eligible to Spanish citizenship ; so it happened that when our Dewey thundered at the gates of Manila, the Igorots were yet devotees of Animism, spirit-worship. While American sovereignty did not give that pagan people citizenship, it did give them a legal status denied by Spanish law. Through the centuries the Igorots had known the Spaniards as ruthless, cruel invaders, but they accepted the .\mericans as less ruthless only because in their fight with Aguinaldo's bruxfooted legions, they, the Igorots, played the role of the innocent but injured bystander. Scarcely had peace been declared in the Philippines before the former foes of America, the Christian Filipinos, began to complain of the headhunting proclivities of the Igorot warriors who frequently descended into the coastal regions to secure the heads of their Christian enemies. The Igorot considered the head of an enemy a social as well as a religious necessity ; in fact, the existence of Igorot society depended upon those grewsome trophies brought back from the lowlands. No youth of tbe tribe could become a warrior until he had taken part in a successful headhunt. No maiden ever took a mate who had never participated in a kill, the head of a foe was as much a part of the marriage ceremony as is the ring at a Christian wedding. Governor Taft's desire to protect the Christian coast-dwellers and at the same time to help the Igorots caused him to send a troop of cavalry to Bontoc for station. Captain Peck, the troop commander, was a cavalryman of the old school. He was six-footfour, w^ore long, faded mustachios, two qualities that made him an object


There remains yet the task of forming the off-diagonal elements of the coefficient matrix. To do this, we apply the following rule which is stated here in a way that can be easily programmed for a computer. RULE. Compare the row and column headings of each element L of the coefficient matrix. (1) If the row and column headings are alike, then the desired element is obtained from the vector D. (2) If there is at least one summation dot in each corresponding position (i, j and k) of the row and column headings of an element L, then a new subscript is formed by adding these two headings, treating the summation dots as zeros. This new subscript is used as before to accumulate the desired element from the frequencies in Table 1. (3) If neither (1) nor (2) holds, then L = 0. In case the computer storage is not large enough to store this matrix then the set of equations can be solved by the method of iteration and each element of the matrix can be generated as needed, used and then discarded. Once the solution to this set of equations is obtained, the sums of squares desired can be computed in the usual way. Conclusion. This method of using subscripts to control all the calculations required for an analysis of variance has been used by the author in programs written in SOAP language for the basic IBM 650 computer and in FORTRAN language for the IBM 7090 computer. Both programs are efficient and are in current use. Acknowledgment. The author wishes to thank Mark Robinson for suggestions concerning the writing of this information, and Dr. A. E. Brandt for suggesting work that led to the original Type 650 computer prgram. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. BRANDT, A. E. The analysis of variance in a 2 X s table with disproportionate frequencies. The analysis of multiple classification tables with unequal numbers in the different classes. On the analysis of variance in case of multiple classifications with unequal class frequencies. The objective of this research was to establish the following two theorems : I. Every connected graph is of some definite order-k. I[. Every planar connected graph is at most of order-4. Order-k is defined: A connected graph is said to be a connected graph of order-k if and only if at least one arrangement of the points into k-subsets is possible …


In a recent failure analysis case of relay, the pure Pb whisker growth is found on the Pb60Sn40 solder layer on the Au coating of the spring leaf. The content analysis by the EDX shows that the Pb whisker grows from the Pb grain, which is surrounded by the AuSn intermetallic compound. It is thought that the elastic force of the spring leaf and the compressive stress from the intermetallic compound contributes to the Pb whisker growth, and the later factor is confirmed by the FIB (focused ion beam) result. Besides, the statistics result shows that the longer Pb whisker corresponds to the thicker Au coating, which could be explained by the effect of Au: forming AuSn intermetallic compound and Pb rich area. This work enriches our understandings on the metal whisker growth and consequently potential failure mode of SnPb solder.


Szabo and Short suggest that the increased number of Langerhans cells on the surface of the foreskin explains why circumcised men are less likely to become infected with HIV. They did not mention an issue that has long dogged debate on the protective effect of circumcision on the incidence of cervical cancer and now increasingly prostate cancer--that is the extent to which improved hygiene and affluence are confounding variables to the benefits of circumcision. This is exemplified by the lower incidence of cervical cancer in educated high caste women in India whose husbands were not circumcised than in less educated Muslim women with circumcised husbands. Undoubtedly the increased numbers of Langerhans cells with HIV receptors in the foreskin may well contribute to an increased susceptibility to HIV. Evidence that nutritional state and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) also play a part in acquiring HIV infection prompted us to examine the role of the foreskin in the occurrence of HIV infection in a series of 83 new patients (40 positive for HIV) attending a urethritis clinic at East and West Drakefontein Gold Mines Carltonville Gauteng South Africa as part of a study of the impact of HIV and STDs on serum concentrations of prostate specific antigen. After giving their signed informed consent the miners received a questionnaire and were examined to ascertain whether they were circumcised (including whether the glans penis was visible) and the retractability of the foreskin. In addition a limited story of sexual activity was recorded. As expected the frequency of HIV infection was significantly lower in those who were circumcised. The small subgroup who had been circumcised after puberty seemed to show some benefit in reducing the incidence of HIV infection. Even more interesting in the light of Szabo and Shorts hypothesis about the increased numbers of Langerhans cells in the foreskin we found contrary to what might be expected if their hypothesis was correct that the frequency of HIV infection was less in men with long foreskins that were difficult to retract than in those with short easily retractable short foreskins. Clearly this observation is based on too small a sample size for us to be totally confident in the results. However these observations added to those on the role of hygiene versus circumcision in reducing cervix cancer from India suggest that further studies would help to clarify Szabo and Shorts hypothesis and need to be done before widespread use of circumcision is implemented to try to reduce the spread of HIV infection. Furthermore work needs to be done on the influence of circumcision after puberty because performing such a procedure after the first infection of a STD could be more effective than circumcision based on the total population. (full text)


How closely do the offerings of technology vendors match the real world needs of health care organizations? Closer than they used to, say IS professionals and vendors.


That solid waste is any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material that is discarded or left abandoned. Such material that is not disposed of properly has the potential to negatively impact the Caribbean Sea.


The Rogers Pass area in the Selkirk mountain range of British Columbia receives some of the heaviest snowfalls in Canada with an average of about 1000 cm annually at the 1300 m elevation and 1500 cm at 1900 m. The heavy snowfall combined with mountainous terrain result in this section of the Trans-Canada Highway being subjected to severe avalanche activity. There are 107 avalanche paths affecting the highway within the 44 km section through Glacier National Park. To provide avalanche safety and minimize closures of the highway, the Snow Research and Avalanche Warning Section· (SRAWS) of the Canadian Parks Service operates one of the largest mobile control programs in the world. Utilizing a 105 mm howitzer, artillery fire can be directed at over 200 designated targets. During periods of avalanche stabilization or in the event of a natural avalanche affecting the road, it is necessary to close the Trans-Canada Highway to traffic for which a traffic management plan was developed. The four fold increase in traffic since the highway opened in 1962 has led to difficulties in maintaining traditional levels of traffic delays without compromising public safety. In 30 years of highway operations, no member of the travelling public has been injured as a result of avalanches in Rogers Pass. Road closures have averaged 130 hours annually with the majority of individual closures not exceeding 3 hours. To maintain these standards it became necessary to reassess the traffic management plan. Traffic parameters such as volume, flow pattern and composition have a significant impact on avalanche safety and, as such, must be considered in operating avalanche control programs for highways. This paper presents an overview of the traffic management plan for avalanche safety in Rogers Pass as well as the findings of a recently completed study. The objectives of the study were to collect traffic data, analyze the data and make recommendations for improvements to the traffic management plan. 1Chief, Avalanche Control, Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks, Environment Canada, Canadian Parks Service, Revelstoke, British Columbia. 2professor, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.


This paper describes the low-fuel NOx combustion technology of a gas turbine combustor burning coal-derived low calorific value gaseous fuel. Combustion tests were conducted using the full-scale combustor of a 150MW-class gas turbine. Rich-lean combustion was very effective for decreasing fuel NOx emissions. However, in rich-lean combustion, the flame stability must be maintained with an increasing equivalence ratio in a primary combustion zone. The flame stability of the tested combustor which has a subcombustor was excellent, so the optimum equivalence ratio in a primary combustion zone can be made adjustable in the design of a low fuel NOx combustor.


Good written communication is an essential skill for the exchange of information between health professionals. In the context of Brazilian National Health Service, this exchange occurs via referral and reply letters. With regard to oral lesions that require evaluation in secondary care, referral letters allow the assessment of clinical need and the urgency for consultation with the oral health specialist. These factors determine the access priority in the secondary health system. The lack of details and conciseness of the referral letters impacts the patient flow throughout the healthcare levels and hence the quality of healthcare services. In order to improve the quality of information of the referral letters to specialists in Oral  Medicine  in  the  Greater Florianopolis city, Santa Catarina, Brazil, a guideline for supporting the description of oral lesions - the OralDESC – has been developed. The guideline is being used in the courses related to oral diagnosis consultations at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. This paper extends the analysis of the problem, discussing some challenges for the implementation of the referral procedures in Brazil as well as the difficulties reported in the country and in other countries regarding the quality of referral letters. Additionally, the paper provides views of some authors on the educational potential of referral and reply letters and the necessity of training health students for written communication. The authors share some thoughts about the need for inclusion of activities in the Brazilian Dentistry curricula aiming at developing communication skills in the students so as to prepare them to work in multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams.


The present invention relates to a added at least one basic reference waveform to the odd harmonic component of the inverter control method based on a voltage source unit, the control apparatus and a computer program product. The present invention also relates to a voltage source converter. Control means (12) comprising: an adjustment factor determining means (14), the adjusting operation data (ω1, N, Cc, P, Formula I) factor determining means of the inverter based on a voltage source for to be added to the basic reference waveform at least one harmonic component to determine an adjustment factor ([delta]); and a control means (18), the control section: determining at least one odd harmonic component, will adjustment factor odd harmonic component is added to the phase shift basic reference waveform, and using the harmonic component waveform having the basic reference added to the control (CTRL) voltage source converter.


Microglia, which are pathological effectors and amplifiers in the central nervous system, undergo various forms of activation. Activation of spinal microglial following peripheral nerve injury (PNI), is a key event for the development of neuropathic pain but the transcription factors contributing to microglial activation are less understood. Here, we demonstrate that MafB, a dominant transcriptional regulator of mature microglia, is involved in the pathology of neuropathic pain. PNI caused an increase of MafB expression selectively in spinal microglia. We measured expression of mir-152, a microRNA targeting MafB, and found a transient decrease in its expression in the spinal cord after PNI. Moreover, intrathecal administration of mir-152 mimic suppressed the development of neuropathic pain. Reduced MafB expression using heterozygous Mafb-deficient mice alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity. Furthermore, we found that intrathecal transfer of Mafb-deficient microglia did not induce mechanical hypersensitivity and that conditional Mafb-knockout mice did not develop neuropathic pain. We propose that MafB is a key mediator of the PNI-induced phenotypic alteration of spinal microglia and neuropathic pain development.


This thesis report: LABOR AND SOCIO-CULTURAL INSERTION OF PERUVIAN IMMIGRANTS OF THE SAN SIMON-UNITED STATES CAPITAL ASSOCIATION OF TORINO'S CITY - ITALY, as a result of a social fact from the description and analysis of the ways of life of a group of immigrants residing in the city of Torino. In this way the theoretical and ethnographic aspects are taken into account according to the demands of the research.
The problem of migration is a fact that has been marked and continues to mark transcendence at an economic, social, political and cultural level both in the country of origin and destination. In this way, millions of Peruvians have found new opportunities abroad, in the case of this research, in Torino, a city that has welcomed miles of Peruvians to insert in the world of work, which usually occupy women in the domestic sector. However, the insertion also refers to the socio-cultural aspects, which has become an adequate relationship of assimilation and adaptation in the receiving society, of which the immigrant, in connection with their networks, has been able to engage with theirs to recreate and strengthen their original culture and create a new cultural identity.


Social capital is an important resource for Korean immigrant children's successful school life in the U.S. because most immigrants are not familiar to new language and culture. However, immigrant parents and their children have limited ability to join and create social networks freely both inside and outside school. We, the researchers of this study, adopted qualitative research method: open-ended in-depth interview, coding and analysis based on grounded theory. The result of this study reveals that Korean immigrant parents utilize their coethnic networks in getting educational information and English plays important role in educational decision-making process of the parents. 요 약 대부분의 이민자들은 새로운 언어와 문화에 익숙하지 않기 때문에 미국의 한국 이민자 자녀들에게는 사회적 자본이 절실하다. 그러나 이민자 부모들과 그 자녀들은 학교 안팎에서 사회 관계망을 형성하는데 제한적일 수밖에 없다. 이 연구를 위해 연구자들은 개방적 심층면담과 근거이론에 기반한 자료의 코딩과 분석과 같은 질적연구 방법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 한국 이민자 부모들이 동족 관계망을 형성해 교육적 정보를 획득하고 교육적 의사결정을 내린다는 것을, 그리고 영어가 이러 한 교육적 의사결정에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것이 밝혀졌다.


Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor to threaten women' s health at present,and the incidence rate in China is increased.With the development of modern medicine,breast cancer can be found by breast imaging techniques, such as mammography.The diagnostic accuracy was improved and the mortality rate is decreased.Especially within decades, new diagnostic techniques have evolved into the improvement of diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer.This article reviews the diagnostic value and advances of mammography,ultrasonography,MRI,CT and other imaging examination methods in breast cancer.


BACKGROUND
FFR is the "gold standard" for assessing the physiological significance of coronary disease. In the last decade, several alternative adenosine-free indexes have been proposed in order to facilitate the dissemination of the functional evaluation of coronary stenosis. Our aim was to investigate whether radiographic contrast plus intracoronary nitroglycerin (cFFR-NTG) can predict functional assessment of coronary stenosis offering superior diagnostic agreement with FFR compared to non-hyperemic indexes and contrast mediated FFR (cFFR).

METHODS
329 lesions evaluated with pressure wire in 266 patients were prospectively included in this multicenter study.

RESULTS
The ROC curves for cFFR-NTG using a FFR≤0.80 showed a higher accuracy in predicting FFR (AUC 0.97) than resting Pd/Pa (AUC 0.90, p<0.01) and cFFR (AUC 0.93.5, p<0.01). A significant (p<0.01) strong correlation was found between FFR and the four analyzed indexes: Pd/Pa(r=0.78); iFR/RFR (r=0.73); cFFR(r=0.89) and cFFR-NTG(r=0.93). cFFR-NTG showed the closest agreement at Bland-Altman analysis. The cFFR-NTG cut off value >0.84 showed the highest negative predictive value (88%), specificity (91%), sensitivity (94%) and accuracy (92%) of the studied indexes.

CONCLUSIONS
Submaximal hyperemic adenosine-free indexes are an efficient alternative to adenosine for the physiological assessment of epicardial coronary disease. The most accurate index in predicting the functional significance of coronary stenosis using FFR as reference was cFFRNTG.


An earlier Letter discussed the possibilities of increasing the bit packing density of optical disk systems by weighting of the pupil function. The resulting impulse response has a narrower central core but, of course, large sidelobes. These larger sidelobes are acceptable provided they do not exceed a threshold level, above which ablatement of the optical disk surface would occur causing extraneous bits to be written onto the disk. For the two cases of (1) a circular aperture with amplitude weighting function given by


This study is part of the line of work that opts for integrated models of positive coexistence in schools, aimed at promoting participatory systems and acceptance of commitments. The objective was to know how the participants assessed a program to improve coexistence and to value successful educational experiences that set the school as a framework of peaceful and democratic coexistence. The research design is based on case study and was posed with a combination of qualitative (participant observation, in-depth interview, and discussion groups) and quantitative (questionnaire) techniques. The unit of analysis was the coexistence program carried out in a Public School of the municipality of Oviedo. Overall, the climate of coexistence was good. The conflicts raised mainly in the playground, and for the most part was motivated by the relationships formed when playing football. The methodology of the classroom sessions, based on group dynamics, favoured a climate for learning and good relationship between participants. Institutional involvement, and that of the entire educational community, in supporting the program was a key factor in its success.


The fluid force generated in a squeeze film damper undergoing large amplitude radial motion is described in terms of non-linear hydrodynamic inertial and damping coefficients, together with afluid static force. Linear-in-the-parameter polynomial forms are introduced to represent the variation of these contributions with radial position. A generalized state variable filter identification method is developed which enables all the parameters in the non-linear model to be estimated from experimental data. The method is validated by processing simulated data and then applied to some new experimental data. Experimental results, relating to the influence of the supply pressure and the operating frequency on the coefficients, are presented and discussed. Comparisons are made with corresponding predictions derived from existing lubrication theory. The parametric non-linear model is found to give a good fit to experimental data over a significant region within the vicinity of the initial static equilibrium position. Through a combination of results, the variation of the fluid force coefficients and the fluid static force with eccentricity, over nearly the whole range of the radial clearance, is obtained. Temporal inertia is found to be more important than convective inertia for motion near the centre of the clearance circle. The existence of a fluid static force, suggested by previous work is confirmed. It is found that this force is linearly proportional to the oil supply pressure.


This document specifies a new Neighbor Discovery mechanism suitable\nfor LoWPANs. The 6LoWPAN format allows IPv6 to be used over energy and\nbandwidth constrained wireless networks often making use of multihop\ntopologies. However, the use of classic IPv6 Neighbor Discovery with\n6LoWPAN has several problems. Classic Neighbor Discovery was not\ndesigned for non-transitive wireless links, and the traditional IPv6\nlink concept and heavy use of multicast makes it unpractical. This\ndocument specifies a simple Neighbor Discovery mechanism both\nsufficient yet minimal for LoWPAN operation.


MALARIA SITUATION IN TANZANIA The population of Tanzania in 2012 was 43.6 million people 1 , with an estimated growth of 3.2 percent per year2 . More than 93 percent of mainland Tanzania's population is at risk for malaria3 . MALARIA PREVALENCE Mainland Tanzania has three malaria transmission zones: a zone of unstable seasonal malaria where 20 percent of transmission occurs, a zone of stable malaria with another 20 percent of transmission, and a zone of stable perennial transmission with 60 percent of malaria transmission. Over 40 percent of all outpatient visits are due to malaria, with between 10 and 12 million clinical cases annually4 . NATIONAL TREATMENT GUIDELINES The 2014-2020 National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) strategic plan recommends treatment after testing as part of effective case management at all levels of care. Tanzania uses the Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) Artemether Lumefantrine (AL) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria and Artesunate Amodiaquine (ASAQ) as an alternative, second line drug. In 2013, the NMCP revised these guidelines to add injectable artesunate as treatment for severe malaria. The NMCP also recommends Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine (SP) for IPTp (intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy) for malaria.


ABSTRACT Purpose: This study focuses on analyzing the institutional context and collaborative networks affecting farmers' entrepreneurial capacity in Mexico. Originality/value: Both the institutional framework and collaborative networks are part of the environment faced by the farmer and empower them to decide about their business, being decisive elements to generate confidence in the environment and reduce the risk of assuming economic responsibilities Design/methodology/approach: We incorporate the moderating effect of the institutional context considering its influence on collaboration networks. The statistical technique of structural equation models was used to test the hypotheses. The sample comprised 192 farmers from the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Findings: The results showed significant and positive effects of institutional pillars and collaborative networks on the capacity to undertake. Regarding the non-significant effects of the institutional context as a moderating variable, further research is suggested to review the relationship of institutional pillars with collaboration networks and their possible negative relationship. Institutional pillars represent the perception of the social structure relevant to measuring society's position regarding the capacities, in this case, of rural entrepreneurship, especially when making public policies. The impact of current government actions on the commercial activity should be considered. Subsequently, public policies must have a practical application by the legal framework and the formation of an environment of certainty based on the normative and cognitive pillars of the institutional context.


The high penetration of grid-connected distributed energy resources (DERs) leads to a need for smart inverters to enhance their performance and minimize the negative impacts of these resources on grid behavior. However, the interconnection of these smart inverters may interfere with their anti-islanding algorithms, which creates detection difficulties. Advanced islanding detection techniques are therefore required to detect and disrupt islanding operations under such an environment with system's disturbances and interferences. Even though various islanding detection methods have been developed in recent literature to identify islanding operations with high detection accuracy and minimized nondetection zone, these methods mainly focus on a single inverter system, which is incompatible in modern power system with high penetration of grid-connected inverters. In this article, an advanced passive islanding method is proposed for a single-phase distribution power system taking account of the interferences and disturbances brought by these grid-connected inverters. The effectiveness of the proposed passive islanding method is validated through experiments in a laboratory platform. Also, the experimental results have verified that the proposed methods can effectively terminate the islanding operation even with rich inverters' interferences.


Approximately 30 girls will be diagnosed with germ cell and gonadal tumours each year in the UK, with germ cell and gonadal tumours accounting for 4% of all childhood cancers (CRUK, http://www.cancer researchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/ childhoodcancer/). Girls with adnexal masses can present in a variety of ways: acutely, with abdominal pain or signs of peritonitis mimicking appendicitis; with a large pelviabdominal mass; or with sex hormone-related changes and endocrine disturbance. Rarely, patients can present with bleeding. Over 75% of those undergoing surgery will do so for acute abdominal pain or abdominal mass. In fact, most adnexal masses in girls will be benign, but is important to exclude malignancy. Clearly, fertility preservation is a key consideration, and as most of these lesions are benign ovarian-preserving operations should be performed whenever feasible. The size of the lesion and presence of extra-ovarian disease are critical considerations in the decision-making process when deciding to perform a laparoscopy or laparotomy in this population. Here, Hermans et al. present an interesting paper investigating the Paediatric Risk of Malignancy Index (PRMI) in a retrospective cohort with this challenging clinical scenario. The PRMI model is based on ultrasound features and sex hormone-related changes. Tumour markers are unreliable in this population. Importantly, Hermans et al. provide an independent external validation of the PRMI. With a cut-off value of 7, they find a sensitivity of 70.1% and specificity of 85.3%, with a high negative predictive value of 91.2%. This is lower than was reported in the original paper describing PRMI (Loh et al. Pediatr Surg Int 2012;28:259–66), and the authors suggest that this is most likely to be linked with the fact that prediction models perform less accurately in independent external validation studies when compared with the performance in the original study population. In this series, 21% of surgically managed adnexal masses were malignant. Given this level of accuracy, clinicians will need to base decisions on a holistic clinical assessment but can use the index as a supportive tool. In addition, the performance of the index is probably not sufficiently discriminatory to guide ovarian cystectomy or oophorectomy. Nonetheless, this paper is a useful addition to the literature, and will be helpful when facing that phone call from the Children's Hospital! A challenge with evaluating ultrasound-based models, particularly in retrospective studies, is that ultrasound is a subjective skill. In this series the scans were performed by trained staff, and the images were then reviewed by a trained gynaecologist. The second methodological issue is that three different imaging methods have been used to calculate the index in this series: CT, MRI, and ultrasound (43%). In an ideal scenario, a study would use the same imaging modality to evaluate the PRMI. The authors stress the need for the PRMI to undergo prospective validation in large well-designed test accuracy studies before the test can be used in routine clinical practice.


A braided monoidal category G⁄;µ of ⁄-graded associative algebras over a fleld k is established. The structural feature (including its PBW-basis) of the braided universal enveloping algebra U(L) of a µ-Lie algebra L is investigated as an object in G⁄;µ, and a class of quantum groups arising from U(L) is presented. In addition, the quantized universal enveloping algebra of any abelian Lie algebra is given, which is a twisted quantum group associated to the quantum a-ne space k(A nj 0 q ).


Populations around the world are rapidly ageing, with some of the fastest change occurring in less-developed countries. One of the key determinants of the capabilities of older people, and whether they can achieve the things that are meaningful to them, is the environment in which they live. There is growing interest globally on how to foster "age-friendly" environments, and the World Health Organization's Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities now includes over 250 member cities with responsibility for around 100 million people. This paper outlines the background to the Network and describes some innovative strategies being adopted by members in different parts of the world.


This study investigated the correlation between access to modern energy systems and the socioeconomic condition of families in Turkey. For this purpose, a survey was prepared for the urban residents. Based on statistical calculations, the sample size found to be 214 households with an acceptable error rate of 6.7% and a confidence level of 95%. The survey asked questions such as education level, income level, monthly consumed electrical energy, and natural gas consumption of the people living in the household. The results show that the level of access to modern energy systems varies according to the income levels and education levels of the households living in urban areas. It was observed that in the city center, where access to electricity is not lacking, the inadequacy of households' access to electricity was only due to income differences. In addition, a direct correlation revealed that fossil fuels and their derivatives are consumed more by low-income and low-education households.


The biomechanical changes brought on by spine fusion and the artificial disc designs to restore physiologic motion were studied by using a cervical spine computer model. Fusion increased the motion compensation at the adjacent segment during flexion and extension. The global rotational stiffness and segmental disc forces were also increased after fusion. Among the three prosthetic disc designs, the PDD-III (5-DOF spherical joint in plane parallel with the C5-C6 disc level) maintained the normal motion and minimized load build up of adjacent segment.


Lianyungang's tourist image comes from its striking local cultural styles such as its old history, its mysterious culture, its regional advantages, its coastal landscapes and its precious crystals.This essay , based on the above characteristic features explores from a good combination of three-dimensional images -ideal image, visual image and behavioral image.


We analyze fluctuations of net baryon distribution as well as its higher order cumulants, the 2rd order(c2), 4th order cumulants(c4) and other variant high order cumulants like Skewness, Kurtosis, R4,2 as a function of the collision centrality. At the same time, we study the results of transverse momentum and rapidity cut effects of all observables. We argue that Skewness and Kurtosis are promising observables in experiments considering to their independence of acceptance. Beam energy dependences of Skewness and Kurtosis have been studied, these works provide baseline predictions for the forthcoming RHIC Beam Energy Scan program.


where   =  , , are the 2 x 2 Pauli matrices and p = p /∣p∣ is the unit vector at the direction of the momentum of a particle. As seen from (1) the helicity represents the projection of the particle spin at the direction of motion. It is easy to show that the helicity operator commutes with the Dirac hamiltonian: [  ⋅p , H ] = 0 (2) Hence, because of (2) the Dirac hamiltonian and helicity have a common set of eigenvectors. This is also the reason for the two-fold degeneracy found for every energy eigenstate of the Dirac hamiltonian. It is easy to show explicitly that the solutions of the Dirac equation are indeed eigenvectors of the helicity operator: Consider the first two positive solutions of the Dirac Equation:  x  = N  1   ⋅p Eme x


Differences in the position of the nadir and associations with mortality are reported to have been found, is no of in the Abstract. Was a formal statistical assessment of a significant interaction made?


Early diagnosis and complete removal of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is essential to improve its poor prognosis. It is necessary to find PC when it is small and at an early stage if surgical treatment is to be successful. This is an investigation of the clinicopathologic features of small PC.


Background : The highest prevalance of oral diseases are caries and periodontal
disease. Oral bacteria that form plaque are the main cause of periodontal disease.
Because of that, the prevention of periodontal disease is based on control of
bacteria plaque. Antibacterial activitty of grape seed extract to gram-positive and
negative bacteria is the evidence of antiplaque agent from grape seed extract to
inhibit the growth of supragingiva bacteria.
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to know the concentration of grape seed
extract that exhibit antibacterial activity to supragingiva bacteria.
Methods : This research was an experimental study with post test control group
only design. The sample of this experimental study was grape seed extract.. The
antibacterial activity test uses difusion method, these were divided into 8 test
group with concentration 100% v/v, 50% v/v, 25% v/v,12,5% v/v, 6,25% v/v,
3,125% v/v, 1,56% v/v, 0,78% v/v, and 2 control groups were positive control,
and negative control. Statistic analysis was done by One-Way Anova Test.
Result : The result of antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC) significant from the concentration 1,56% v/v.
Conclusion : The result of grape seed extract inhibitory effect were effective for
supragingiva bacteria growth. MIC for supragingiva bacteria growth was 1,56%
v/v.


This report summarizes the architecture and functionality of the Off-detector electronics system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL). The ECAL readout and trigger architecture is organized in two physical layers: the On-detector electronics and the Off-detector electronics. At the On-detector boards crystal signals are amplified, digitized and pipelined waiting for the first level trigger decision. In parallel, the On-detector system sends to the Off-detector trigger boards the trigger data, and after final calculation and synchronization of the trigger primitives, these data are sent to the Regional Trigger system. If the event passes the level 1 trigger, the On-detector sends the crystal data to the Off-detector readout electronics where, among other operations, data integrity is verified, reduced (through the combination of Selective Readout and Zero Suppression algorithms) and finally, data are formatted and transmitted to the CMS Data Acquisition system. Presented at CALOR 2004, 11 International Conference On Calorimetry In High Energy Physics Perugia, Italy, 29 Mar 2004


This study aims to determine the influence of mass media on issues significant to the popularity of Obama s U.S. presidential election and the 2009-2014 exploitation of mass media effects on the formation of opinion among student activists in Makassar. This is a descriptive qualitative research. Data obtained from interviews with the informants research namely Makassar student activist who was taken from the Universitas Hasanuddin, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Universitas 45, State University of Makassar, Alauddin State Islamic University, Makassar. The unit of analysis is the study of mass media about Barack Obama s Indonesia during the period mid 2008 - early 2009 with news of Obama s racial identity, the background of Obama and the Muslim world, and Obama s child hoodin Indonesia. The result showed that the mass media can give the slightest effect when the audience is continuously exposed. In this research found that mass media is believed by student activists to give effect to the formation of public opinion is television, internet, and newspapers. Then the social categories that same level in this group of student activists in Makassar likely to provide a uniform response to media exposure.


The authors focus on the transmission rating model for voice quality, as developed in the United States over the past two decades. The past, present, and future of this model are discussed. Some detail is provided about its current form, which has been agreed to recently by several standards bodies. They describe recent modifications that make it more accurate for digital networks, and suggest potential improvements.<<ETX>>


in this procedure prior to graduation. Previous models including live animal labs and computerized manikins are expensive and can be difficult to run. We developed a low cost, easy-toconstruct model using supplies readily available in the emergency department and pork spare ribs purchased from a grocery store. Educational Objectives: The objectives of this model are 1) to provide emergency medicine residents with a life-like task trainer for hands-on practice in tube thoracostomy insertion, and 2) to provide an inexpensive alternative to high fidelity simulators while remaining reusable and easy to set up. Curricular Design: Our model was created in order to provide residents with additional practice in tube thoracostomy insertion above that which they gain on actual patients. The model was created using a side of pork spare ribs wrapped in an absorbable chux pad and supported on its side by towel rolls. The outside of the model was then covered with a thin foam sheet from an arts and crafts store and secured with tape (Figure 1). After construction, we used the model along with a standard chest tube insertion kit in small group sessions. This allowed each resident to independently perform the procedure (Figure 2) and provided an opportunity to discuss basic chest tube management in a low stress environment. Impact: Residents were not formally assessed, however they universally expressed benefit from the added procedural instruction. Further, the model allowed for realistic simulation of the entire procedure from the injection of anesthesia to the "pop" felt when entering the chest due to the intact fascia along the back of the ribs. In conclusion, our tube thoracostomy model presents a low cost yet realistic alternative to high fidelity simulation for tube thoracostomy instruction. 6 A Prospective Analysis of Milestone Integration into Resident Global Assessment


1Student, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, YCCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 2Deputy Manager, Dept. of Maintenance, Legrand India Ltd, Jalgaon Maharashtra, India 3Executive Engineer, Dept. of Maintenance, Legrand India Ltd, Jalgaon Maharashtra, India 4Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, YCCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India -------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Corrections of power factor is a method of converting the unwanted result of power-driven loads that cause unity power factor. MCB manufacture plant requires correction of power factor with automatic switching ability owing to dynamic load. Rectification of power factor might be smeared moreover by an electrical energy conduction utility to enhance the proficiency of power system. Herein work of power factor the source link remains unswervingly supervised via the Energy Meter which is linked now corresponding towards the source link. A change in the capacitor bank is essential aimed at modifying the deviation in power factor. The individual capacity Capacitor bank started through PLC, which sets the bank of capacitor corresponding toward load capacity and thus carrying power factor near to one/unity automatically without human intervention. In line with electricity board rules the decisions with respect to RKVAH components have been designed in this work.


A sterilisation device (1) with electron beams for thin walled containers (C) comprises a sterilisation chamber provided with a first electron cannon (28a) positioned horizontally and a further electron cannon (28c) positioned vertically, to strike the container from different angles.


We analyze unit and ad valorem taxes in Edgeworth-Bertrand duopoly. In Edgeworth-Bertrand duopoly the mode of competition is endogenous through firms' choice of capacity (Maggi, 1996). We show how commodity taxes co-determine capacity and thus competition intensity. In particular, we argue that shifts from ad valorem taxes towards unit taxes increase competition. We show that this effect can reverse the conventional preference for ad valorem taxation.


Ambient noise correlation was applied to 18 months of continuous seismic data from 14 stations. The procedure of Bensen et al [2007] was followed with some changes to optimize signal-to-noise of the results. The 18 months of correlations (representing about 1 week of CPU time on a 12 core machine) were stacked and manually inspected to yield about 40 cross-correlations. These cross-correlations represent the Green's function between the station pairs and will be analyzed in part two of this project to yield velocity structure.


ABSTRACT We have shown previously that α-fetoprotein (AFP) in rat amniotic fluid binds [3H]estradiol but not [3H]testosterone. In the present study, estradiol-17β was not bound by α1-globulins in human amniotic fluid fractions separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Indeed, estradiol binding by α1-globulins could not be shown in any human samples found to contain AFP by immunoelectrophoresis. These samples included cord serum and amniotic fluid taken during the second trimester of pregnancy and at term, and the sera from patients with hepatoma and embryonal carcinoma. The only estradiol binding demonstrable with human samples by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was that of sex-steroidbinding β-globulin and albumin. The binding of [3H]testosterone by these samples also was determined.


Reflecting on pre-training experiences in India and Sierra Leone, training in Northern Ireland and an elective placement in the occupied Palestinian territories, the potential for clinical psychology to learn from global models, inform and implement the evidence base, and advocate for the importance of psychosocial well-being and mental health on an international stage is explored.


Abstract: The rise of the Anglo-American "market-security state" in the past few decades has created contradictions in how Britain and the United States conceive and conduct their armed conflicts abroad. For those who bear the brunt of the fighting, killing and dying, the accentuated political distance between the frontline and the civilian world produces a particular kind of alienation. Creative measures are needed to help those who must navigate the transition between the war and the mall. ********** There is a problem with how the United States and its allies exercise power, a problem rooted in forces deeper than the imperfections of any one president or government. This problem was pithily summarized by a widely circulated photograph of a written statement on a whiteboard in a forward operating base in Iraq: "America is not at War. The Marines are at War. America is at the Mall." (1) As it happens, this statement in some ways is an inadequate summary of the ripples the war in Iraq generated. It ultimately stretched beyond the frontline and affected home society deeply, from the war's contribution to the debt-deficit crisis that has swept the Euro-Atlantic world to the unexpectedly large number of maimed and wounded personnel, the extent of whose care our societies are unprepared. But the statement does summarize how a dysfunctional set of social relations shapes the way the state exerts force in the world and begets a confusion about what it means to be "at war." To borrow a phrase Leon Trotsky, albeit used in a different context, "no war, no peace." The rise of the Anglo-American "market-security state" in the past few decades has created particular problems in how countries both conceive and conduct their armed conflicts abroad. Due to confluent forces and choices, countries like Britain and the United States wage war (and augment state power to do so) by invoking the moral language of great national wars, while in other ways resisting the status of being "at war" as a political condition, that is, not declaring war, not making material demands of the people directly, and going to great lengths to insulate their populations from the conflict. For the nation as a whole, this contradictory condition helps bring about a situation in which the state applies military power continuously in the name of an existential struggle, but trying to do so "on the cheap" while encouraging "the people" to look on as passive consumers--or to look away. For those who bear the brunt of the fighting, killing and dying, the accentuated political distance between the frontline and the civilian world produces a particular kind of alienation. This distance does not warrant nostalgia for the twentieth-century's "total wars" that mobilized an engaged, nationalist, and even conscripted population. But it does warrant concern for "the consequences of lessened levels of mobilisation for war on the quality of democratic citizenship." (2) It suggests greater attention is needed to bridge the gap, and greater support is needed for creative measures to help those who must navigate the transition between the war and the mall. More ambitiously, it means greater demands should be made of the people on whose behalf such wars are fought, and in return, a more robust civil society is needed to exert greater civilian supervision of government. War Time and Peace Time In her ground-breaking study of conceptions of "war time" and "peace time," Mary Dudziak observes as the Global War on Terror dragged on, it left society in a strange state of limbo. "It is not a time without war, but instead a time in which war does not bother everyday Americans." (3) In her account, the root problem is how the collective memory of the twentieth century creates an outmoded way of thinking, where people suspend vital political questions--of state power, its limits, and authority--because they wrongly await the end of the war to get back to a post-war normality. …


A stochastic model that simulates the processes of pair formation and dissolution among interracial and multi-ethnic mixing groups is presented. Extensive simulations are carried out with the probabilities of mixing and pair-dissolution taken from published data and specific parametric families of distributions. Scaling laws associated with the distribution of partnerships, the average number of partners and its variability are identified. Connections to recent work on scale-free and small world networks are discussed. *South Mountain Community College tuniversity of Texas at San Antonio ~California Polytechnic University, Pomona §St. Mary's College of Maryland ~Cornell University


The basic thesis ofMichaelWilliams'book Unnatural Doubts is that sceptical doubts, at least of a Cartesian variety, are neither natural nor intuitive, but are, instead, the product of 'contentious and possibly dispensable theoretical preconceptions'. In particular, for Williams, scepticism arises because of a commitment to what he calls 'epistemic realism'. A fundamental thesis of my book Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification is that scepticism (in its most challenging forms) is not based upon such prior theoretical commitments, but rather is the natural outcome of unrestricted exploitation of a feature already present in our everyday concept of knowledge. Specifically, our everyday epistemic practices contain a useful mechanism that raises the level of evidential scrutiny in problematic settings. However, in the absence of psychological constraints (as in Hume) or pragmatic constraints (as in Peirce), this mechanism can generate an ever-widening range of undefeated possible defeaters- and...


To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women experiencing motherhood in the areas of perception, adaptation and assessment of the pandemic situation.  Material and method: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in a group of 25 women aged 22-41 who gave birth during the pandemic. Most of the respondents live in the city with more than 500,000 inhabitants, and have a higher education. In most cases, the research material was collected by means of face to face interviews, and in the case of 9 women, using remote techniques. Results: The results do not demonstrate a decreased interest in motherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the respondents had planned their pregnancy and complied with the sanitary regime. Online prenatal education turned out to be a good solution for the study group at the time of restrictions. The number of antenatal visits was not increased as compared to previous pregnancies. Five respondents were considering a homebirth. The respondents complained of reduced well-being, which resulted in the recurrence of depressive moods. Most concerns were related to the reliability of tele-counselling and the availability of the doctor and partner during childbirth. Conclusions: The analysis of the respondents' answers leads to the conclusion that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant influence on the mental state of women giving birth at that time. The most difficult aspect for the respondents was the prohibition of giving birth in the presence of family, no mental support and feeling lonely both during the pregnancy and after childbirth at the time of quarantine. The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant effect on the perception of motherhood by women or on their reproduction plans.


Gammu is a easy and well known application, it is also a module that can
be combined with any programming language. For example can use PHP and the
access it through a database administration such as phpMyAdmin.
The use of gammu quite easy, if through the procedure properly. So it will be
easier and effective if the SMS using a computer.
As an application test, i build a simple students data application that will
check if there is an information about email address from students. The student
database has one table that has three fields such as nim,nama,and email address.
In this application made a program that will to reply a sms automatically.
This application server can receive and sending sms from any number for which
the users must not register. But users must typing a keyword "nama" to receive an
email address.


In order to fast clear faults and avoid over-stage trip in the Metro power supply mode,this article proposes one near zone quick scheme based on the optical fiber differential protection and overcurrent protection.This scheme protects the element exchange message such as "near token" information by wire and fibers,while accurate fault location is rapidly isolated and the health region power resupply is ensured.


Introduction: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) has been reported as a highly aggressive, malignant tumor with a high rate of both local recurrence and regional and distant metastases. The purpose of this review is to examine the characteristics and prognosis of BSCC occurring in the oral cavity. Case Series: We here present three cases of oral BSCC. Case 1: A 49yearold male was clinically and radiologically classified as T3N0M0 (Stage III). He underwent chemoradiotherapy and more than 8 years after treatment, the patient is alive without evidence of recurrence. Case 2: A 69 yearold female was classified as T4aN0M0 (Stage IVA). She underwent chemoradiotherapy, and died from lung and liver metastasis 4 years and 3 months after her first visit. Case 3: A 73 yearold male was clinically and radiologically classified as T2N2cM0 (Stage IVA). The patient underwent chemoradiotherapy and bilateral neck dissection. More than about 5 years after surgery, the patient is alive without evidence of recurrence. Discussion: About a hundred cases of oral BSCC have been reported, and we review previous reports of oral BSCC cases. Oral BSCC has a lower rate of distant metastasis than head and neck BSCC. Conclusion: In contrast to the aggressive behavior of BSCC occurring in the head and neck, BSCC occurring in the oral cavity appears to have a lower rate of distant metastasis than head and neck BSCC. When it comes to the followup of patients for metastases, a more thorough workup is recommended for patients with oral BSCC than for patients with SCC.


For the characteristics of numerous subtypes and frequent variations of influenza virus, it brings great difficulty to influenza in the prevention and control. Thus, the most pressing matter of the moment is to reinforce the research in pathogenesis and transmission mechanism, as well as to develop new type vaccines. Recently, the development of reverse genetics technique breaks a new path for influenza virus in research of function analysis and preparation of vaccines.


14 samples were prepared in the SrO-Al2O2-SiO2 system by solid-phase synthesis. The degree of interaction of the initial reagents during the synthesis was controlled by X-ray phase analysis on a DRON-3M diffractometer using CuKα radiation. The identification of crystalline phases was carried out using the PDF-2 powder diffractometry database. The following crystalline phases were identified in the samples: SrAl2Si2O8; SrAl12O19; Sr2Al2SiO7; SrAl2O4; Sr2SiO4; Sr3Al2O6; Sr4Al2O7; Sr3SiO5; Sr6Al18Si2O37; Al2O3. The results of a study of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of samples synthesized in SrO-Al2O2-SiO2 system are presented. The temperature coefficients of linear expansion, the values of densities, melting temperatures, and Young's modul were determined. The values of the characteristics obtained for the samples under investigation make them promising for use as materials for a wide range of technical applications.


CONTEXT AND CULTURE IN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING. Michael Byram and Peter Grundy (Eds.). Clevedon, UK. Multilingual Matters, 2003. Pp. vi + 106. $39.95 cloth. This small volume makes connections relating the theory and practice of language teaching to sociopolitical and geopolitical perspectives as well as to a differentiated view of learners and teachers as individuals. The efforts are for the most part very successful, and this volume will be of interest to anyone working in research, pedagogical applications, and theory-building context and culture in language teaching and learning. Eight of the nine articles in the volume had their origin as papers presented at a conference at the University of Durham in June, 2001. The articles address two categories of inquiry: reports of empirical studies of learners, and procedural or methodological contributions with a focus on teachers and teaching.


Although every natural language system needs a computational lexicon, each system puts different amounts and types of information into its lexicon according to its individual needs. However, some of the information needed across systems is shared or "identical" information. This paper presents our experience in planning and building COMPLEX, a computational lexicon designed to be a repository of shared lexical information for use by Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. We have drawn primarily on explicit and implicit information from machine-readable dictionaries (MRD's) to create a broad coverage lexicon.


Cais, Ellenberg and Zureick-Brown recently observed that over finite fields of characteristic two,
 all sufficiently general smooth plane projective curves of a given odd degree admit a non-trivial rational $2$-torsion point
 on their Jacobian. We extend their observation to curves given
 by Laurent polynomials with a fixed Newton polygon, provided that the polygon
 satisfies a certain combinatorial property. We also show that in each of these cases,
 if the curve is ordinary, then there is no need for the words ``sufficiently general''.
 Our treatment includes many classical families, such
 as hyperelliptic curves of odd genus and $C_{a,b}$ curves. In the hyperelliptic case, we provide alternative
 proofs using an explicit description of the $2$-torsion subgroup.


The cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. in the media from effluent biogas of tapioca industrial (MEBIT) and determination of its protein content has been done. This research included the isolation of Nannochloropsis sp. from marine biota symbiosis with mangrove roots obtained from The Dewi Mandapa coastal, Pesawaran, Lampung and adaptation the inoculum Nannochloropsis sp. in the media MEBIT 1, 3, and 6% enriched with a solution of urea, ZA and TSP. The growth of Nannochloropsis sp. was evaluated based on cell density (OD = Optical Density at 750 nm, the concentration of chlorophyll a and biomass yields, which is compared to the growth in BG 11 media. The results showed that 6% (v/v) MEBIT is appropriate for the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. The biomass concentration of Nannochloropsis sp. in MEBIT is 0.31 g/L with a productivity of 0,019 g Lˉ1 dˉ1 while the media biomass BG 11 gained 0.25 g/L with a productivity of 0,016 g Lˉ1 dˉ1. The protein content of Nannochloropsis sp. growth in MEBIT obtained 30.64% and 36.41% in BG 11 media, of the dry biomass. The verification method for the protein determination used in this research has the precision of 0.015% with the % recovery of 98% and the detection limit of 7.8 mg/mL.


We prove that functions that are homogeneous of degree α ∈ (0, 1) on Rn and have nowhere vanishing Hessian determinant cannot change sign.


Typically, output from high power, diode lasers and arrays must be transported to a final application/treatment site, whether the application is industrial, military or medical. Many demands are placed on optical fibers to couple the laser output into their structures and to transmit the power to the application site. All silica fibers become much more expensive as the diameter of the fiber increases to handle larger spot sizes and higher NA beams, especially from diode arrays. High strength, low fatigue Hard Plastic Clad Silica fibers provide benefits of larger Numerical Aperture (NA), more flexibility and less strain at the core-clad interface. Fibers with these characteristics and available in both high OH and low OH versions for UV and NIR spectral regions are described. Short and long term strength, and spectral properties are presented. Results for a new high NA version are also presented.


An LR measuring instrument belongs to the field of electrical engineering, and is used for measuring an inductance L and a resistor Rx in a voltage transformer and an inductor. An equivalent impedance of the LR measuring instrument is that the L is in series connection with the Rx; the value of the L is between 20-2000H; the value of the Rx is between 20m omega to 2 omega; the precision is 1%; and the measuring time is less than or equal to 5 minutes. A measuring circuit of the LR measuring instrument of the utility model is composed of two parts which are a measuring circuit and a clock circuit. The measuring circuit is composed of components such as a direct current power source U, a relay J1, a standard resistor R[0], a triode V1, an integrated circuit A1, an integrated circuit A2 and an integrated circuit A3. The clock circuit is composed of an integrated circuit N1 to an integrated circuit N14. When the measurement begins, a button switch Kb is pressed, a value of a current Ia is output at a P8 point when a time t[1]=60.0000 seconds. When a time t[2]=120.0000 seconds, a value of a current Ib is output at a P9 point. The value of an R is calculated through the utilization of a formula that R=U(2Ia-Ib)/Ia ; and the value of the Rx is calculated through the utilization of a formula that Rx=R-0.500 omega; and the value of the T is calculated through the utilization of a formula that T=t1/1g[U/(U-IaR). The value of the L is calculated according to that T=L/R.


Track and field is a competitive event for Beijing's athletic sports.In the course of its development,there were many excellent athletes.In recent years,the level of Beijing's track and field event seems to be picking up.Along with the development of social economy and the continuous reform of the system in athletics and sports training,Beijing's track and field training system has gone through some big changes.In order to have a deep understanding of the present situation and problems of track and field event in Beijing and sort out measures for these problems to promote the long-term and stable development of track and field event,the authors of this paper have conducted a thorough investigation and analysis on the current situation of the training and performance of the athletes from the front-line teams in Beijing under training.The athletic and sport management system of Beijing,the enrollment system at the third-level training in track and field,parents' motivation for supporting their children's training and other major factors that may influence the development of track and field have been studied.After the above study it is concluded that the current training condition of Beijing's track and field teams and the total number of athletes cannot meet the overall goal of Beijing's athletic sports development.As the increase of the dual pressure from study and employment in the society,parents are not willing to support their children engaging in track and field special training,which resulted in difficulties in the recruitment of ideal track and field seedling for all levels of training programs.On the other hand,there are problems of lack of appropriate management measures in the process of the rapid development of athletic sports in Beijing,especially the prominent contradiction between academic study and athletic training.Therefore,it is proposed that limited resources should be allocated properly,integrated rapid development be enforced,the training and enrollment system be perfected and expanded,the bottleneck problem of the second-line athletes of track and field be improved in order to provide a theoretic basis and reference for the long-term sustainable growth of track and field event in Beijing.


This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the vibration response of a rotating rigid shaft supported by two radial deep-groove lubricated ball bearings. The bearings and their oil films are approximated to a set of non-linear elastic springs and dampers rotating relative to the shaft when it is subjected to a rotating unbalance or inner race surface waviness. Under gravity load, the shaft's initial vibration is damped down to a limit cycle operating at a quasi-simple harmonic frequency of small amplitude. Rotating unbalance and surface features introduce further significant frequencies which influence the output response.


Nowadays the climate change caused by the green-house effect increasing is a world-wide issue with which scientists have to face. Being the passenger vehicles filled with fossil fuels, the emission of the carbon dioxide green-house gas is unavoidable. In order to slowdown both the global warming and the fossil fuels wasting, lower fuel consumptions, thus high efficiency engines, are required. Currently, the coupled use of downsizing and direct injection in spark ignited engines meets both high efficiency and power-demand requirements. Being downsized engines more compact, the distance between the injector and the engine walls are shorter. Thus, depending on the engine operating condition, the fuel spray wall impingement may occur leading to the formation of a liquid fuel film. If the wall impingement occurs against the cylinder liner wall, which is wetted by a thin oil layer, the motor oil and the landed fuel dilute until the piston arrival. At this time, the mass transport by diffusion have promoted the creation of an oil-fuel mixture. Thus, while thicker part of the mixture layer is scraped into the piston top land crevice, the thinner, whose properties are degraded by the fuel contamination, remains on the cylinder liner. The mixture accumulated inside the crevice may be scattered due to the piston inertia leading to the oil detachment and transport in the combustion chamber. The latter may cause both abnormal combustions named preignitions at high loads and increased particulate emissions at low loads, cold states, and cat-heating. This paper reports the implementation of a onedimensional numerical model for the dilution between fuel and motor oil in a stroke of a gasoline engine. The model aims to give the composition of the oil-fuel mixture both on the cylinder liner after the piston arrival and in the piston top land crevice.


Objective To explore the clinical signifinance of CD55 and CD59 expression in diagnosis aplastic anemia-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(AA-PNH) syndrome.Methods The expression of CD55 and CD59 were measured by flow cytometry in 19 cases with AA-PNH syndrome,at the same time the Ham test was done,and the positive detection rates were compared between two methods.Results The expressions of CD55 in red blood cell and white blood cell were found abnormal in 17 cases(89.4%) and 19 cases(100%),while the expressions of CD59 in red blood cell and white blood cell were found abnormal in 18 cases(94.7%) and 19 cases(100%).The abnormal rate of Hams test was 26.3%.The abmormal rates of CD55 and CD59 were higher than those of Hams test(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of CD55 and CD59 can improve the diagnosis of AA-PNH syndrome.


This Economic Commentary surveys research on COVID-19 in relation to education in the United States. It is a companion to an earlier survey (Hinrichs, 2021) and focuses on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic that might persist even after life has returned to a relative normal. The evidence suggests that the pandemic led to lower enrollment at public schools and negatively impacted student learning. In addition, teacher turnover did not rise at the beginning of the pandemic, but it has risen in the years since.


D.P. is a 16-year-old African American female patient who began experiencing postprandial abdominal pain shortly after suffering an illness and weight loss in 2013. According to the patient, the pain is located in the epigastric area and occurs approximately 20–30 minutes after eating a meal. The pain is described as "sharp" and is rated as a 10/10. The pain subsides with fasting. She denies abdominal distention, constipation, diarrhea, or vomiting but states that she has substantial nausea that worsens with eating. She has no other medical or surgical history. She has no family history of chronic illnesses or cancers. She has undergone a thorough gastrointestinal workup, which includes the following tests: upper GI barium swallow, abdominal ultrasound, pelvic ultrasound, kidney ultrasound, upper endoscopy with biopsies, colonoscopy with biopsies, lab work (CBC, BMP, thyroid panel, liver function, amylase, lipase), testing for H. pylori, and testing for celiac disease. All of these tests and studies were interpreted as normal.


Frequent observations of aerosol over land are desirable for aviation, air pollution and health applications. Thus, a method is proposed here to correct surface effects and retrieve aerosol optical depth using visible reflectance measurements from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). The surface contribution is determined from temporal compositing of visible imagery, where darker pixels correspond to less atmospheric attenuation and surface reflectance is deduced from the composite using radiative transfer. The method is applied to GOES‐8 imagery over the eastern US. Retrieved surface reflectance is compared with separate retrievals using a priori ground‐based observations of aerosol optical depth. The results suggest that surface reflectances can be determined to within ±0.04. The composite‐derived surface reflectance is further analysed by retrieving aerosol optical depth and validating retrievals with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations. This analysis indicates that the retrieved optical depth is least biased, hence the surface reflectance is most accurate, when the composite time period varies seasonally. Aerosol optical depth retrievals from this validation are within ±0.13 of AERONET observations and have a correlation coefficient of 0.72. While aerosol optical depth retrieval noise at low optical depths may be limiting, the retrieval accuracy is adequate for monitoring large outbreaks of aerosol events.


Determining the risk perceptions of elderly individuals regarding the COVID-19 concept constitutes an important psychosocial goal in terms of morbidity and mortality. The research was conducted in order to determine the perceptions and reasons of the concept of "COVID-19" according to the chronic disease status of elderly individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study was conducted with individuals aged 65 and over living in different regions of Turkey. A total of 124 elderly individuals with and without chronic disease were included in the study by means of easily accessible sampling, which is a purposeful sampling method. Research version obtained by telecommunication in June-July 2020. Qualitative data were collected in the form of in-depth interviews through the metaphorical perception form created by the researchers. In the study, revealing the perceptions of elderly individuals on the concept of "COVID-19" according to their chronic illness and its reasons is like "COVID-19 ..... Because…" sentences were asked to complete. The concept of "because" was used to provide a justification or a basis for the metaphors produced by the participants in the research. These results give clues about how elderly individuals, who are regarded as disadvantaged groups, perceive and manage the pandemic and adapt to the fight against this epidemic. In the study, it was determined that the perceptions of elderly individuals regarding COVID-19 were negative as threatening and discouraging. EXTENDED University Although the COVID-19 disease can be seen in all age groups, the elderly population has drawn attention to the elderly population as the first cases resulting in death. The COVID-19 pandemic, which threatens the whole world and humanity physically, spiritually, and socially, still continues. While the fight against the pandemic continues globally, the fact that all this is caused by a virus has caused people to question the concept of "COVID-19". In this process, different hypotheses have been developed about the virus, which is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, which occurs with upper respiratory tract symptoms and has a high death potential. People are still trying to make sense of and understand the concept of COVID-19 in their minds to the extent of their own knowledge. It is common use to determine people's perceptions of making sense of a new concept through metaphor. The subject of this research is to question the perceptions of the elderly individuals, who are described as the disadvantaged group in the pandemic process, regarding the concept of COVID-19. The research was conducted in order to determine the perceptions and reasons of the concept of "COVID-19" according to the chronic disease status of elderly individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Determining the risk perceptions of elderly individuals regarding the COVID-19 concept constitutes an important psychosocial goal in terms of morbidity and the epidemic. qualitative was conducted with individuals 65 and living in different regions Turkey. of 124 elderly individuals and without the study of easily accessible method.


Pathologic exanjnation of a series of 14 patients with malignant glionas treated with BNCT showed well demarcated zones of radiation damage characterized by coagulation necrosis. Beam attenuation was correlated with edema, loss of parenchymal elements, denyelination, leukocytosis. and peripheral gliosis. VascuJar disturbances consisted of endothelial swelling, nedial and adventitial proliferation, fibrin impregnation, frequent thrombosis, and perivascular inflammation. Radiation changes appeared to be acute and delayed. The outcome of the patients in this series was not significantly different from the natural course of the disease, even though two of the patients had no residual tumor detected at the time of autopsy. The intensity of the vascular changes raised a suspicion that boron may have sequestered in vessel walls, resulting in selectively high doses of radiation to these structures (Asbury et al., 1972), or that there may have been high blood concentrations of boron at the time of treatment. The potential limiting effects of a vascular ischemic reaction in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) prompted the following study to investigate the delayed response of microvascular structures in 2 rat model currently being used for pre-clinical investigations.


The maximum significant wave height ( H s m a x ) induced by a tropical cyclone (TC) can be estimated from an empirical fetch formula using the TC's size, maximum wind speed, and translation speed, in which larger, stronger, and faster-moving TCs generally have higher the H s m a x . In the formula, the radius of maximum wind (RMW) has been widely used as the TC size parameter under the assumption that H s m a x is mainly generated by strong winds near the RMW. This study investigates whether RMW is the optimal parameter for determining TC-induced H s m a x through extensive wave model simulations for North Atlantic hurricanes from 1988–2017. The correlation analysis between the estimated H s m a x and TC size parameters revealed that the radius of the 34-kt wind speed (R34, r = 0.84–0.95) was much higher than the widely used RMW (r = 0.33–0.58), which suggests that R34 is a more important TC size parameter for determining TC-induced H s m a x than RMW. This result can be explained by the fact that R34 showed a significantly higher correlation (r = 0.96) than RMW (r = 0.31) with cumulative TC wind speeds, which are closely related to H s m a x . These findings also indicate that the TC-induced H s m a x is more affected by the region containing moderately strong winds outside the TC than by the region of maximum wind speed near the RMW. Our paper provides additional insight into the mechanisms by which extreme wave heights, which cause severe damage during TC passage, occur.


Hetero junction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) and High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) arrays are commonly used for RF and microwave high speed and high power applications. Thermoreflectance imaging can be utilized to understand the transient thermal characteristics of a GaN HEMT device. A time resolution of 50 ns clearly shows the thermal location-dependent time constants for the device, which could be used for further analysis of the thermal structure. An array of GaAs HEMT devices on a Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) is also characterized to gain an understanding of the local thermal resistance distribution in comparison to a finite element analysis. Since thermoreflectance is sensing the light reflectance of the surface, hotspots underneath opaque layer(s) is discussed to illustrate the utilization of this method for such devices.


In 23 patients with diabetes mellitus, the effectiveness of anesthesiologic support of the operations on the aorta and major vessels, which was based on combined epidural anesthesia performed using the conventional technique, was analysed. Sugar concentration in the blood was maintained at a level of no more than 11 mmol/l. Use of the method permitted to provide an adequate anesthesia, stable concentration of glucose in the blood, constant aqueous-electrolyte balance and acid-base state.


In this study, an adaptive hybrid control system using a new cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) network paradigm called recurrent CMAC (RCMAC) network, which is proposed to control the moving table of the linear piezoelectric ceramic motor (LPCM) drive system to achieve high-precision position control with robustness. The architecture of RCMAC network is a modified model of the CMAC network to attain a small number of receptive fields. In the proposed controller, the Lyapunov stability theorem and the gradient descent method are adopted to train the RCMAC network on-line using the proposed adaptive update laws. Moreover, to relax the requirement for the bounds of minimum approximation error and Taylor high-order terms, a simple adaptive bound algorithm is utilized to estimate the mentioned bound. The effectiveness of the control system is verified by experimental results in the presence of uncertainties.


Based on the comparative analysis of the definition of geological parks, ecological tourism and sustainable development, this paper discusses the dialectical relationship between the geological parks, ecological tourism and sustainable development. The geological park is an important part of the ecological tourism resources, and the geological park is an important place and an ideal place for the development of eco-tourism. Geological park and ecological tourism development has a similar goal system, development characteristics, development principles and contents. Geological park is an important part of the theory of sustainable development, is the embodiment of sustainable tourism. The tourism development of geopark is a concrete manifestation of ecological tourism, sustainable tourism development principle. Therefore, both in function and purpose is consistent, Geopark geological popular science tourism based on greatly improve and enrich the grade and content of ecological tourism, ecological tourism is strategic choice of sustainable development of geological park. Keywords–Geological Park; Eco-tourism; Sustainable


The present invention provides a system to facilitate the interaction between heterogeneous information providers, business process strategy and business process policy object. The other operating system includes translation logic (210), which receives the data format definition (220) for conversion, translation, conversion, reordered, merged, split, and is adapted to make a data format to another data format rule (230). The translation service logic and generating a mapping rule objects (MRO) (240) for performing adaptation.


Cultural industry is an important part of social and cultural industries,in the developed countries and regions,the cultural industry has become one of the main pillar industries in the national economy occupies an important position in the foreign trade occupies an important position. The United States,Britain,Japan,Korea and other countries in the development of science and technology promote the development of cultural industry has made a lot of experience to learn from us. The development of cultural industry in Liaoning Province should adhere to the talent strategy,pay attention to the development and utilization of cultural resources,and actively create Liaoning cultural brand,while strengthening management,changing the concept,so that the Liaoning cultural industry gradually expand the domestic international market,in the cultural competition,to find a seat.


The nonlinear process of the pulse spectral self-compression in a medium with anomalous dispersion, the spectral analogue of the soliton effect compression, is introduced on the basis of our experimental observation and detailed numerical analysis.


How or why Charles F. Bolduan first became interested in diabetes I have never found out. He began his active work in this field while he was Director of the Bureau of Health Education of the Department of Health of the City of New York. In this capacity, he was editor of the Quarterly Bulletin published by the Health Department and in its pages he frequently presented information regarding diabetes. Then in 1930 he arranged to have a communication submitted by the Health Department to the New York Academy of Medicine. He stated that at that time there were about 2,000 diabetes deaths registered annually in the city of New York, that the diabetes death rate was about 50 per cent higher than it had been 20 years previously and that these facts called for some remedial effort.


In this paper, we study properties of the form (linear functional) u =λx -1 v+δ 0 +(λ-(u) 1 )δ′ 0 , where v is a regular form. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the regularity of the form u. The coefficients of the three-term recurrence relation, satisfied by the corresponding sequence of orthogonal polynomials, are given explicitly. A study of the semi-classical character of the founded families is done. We conclude with some illustrative examples.


Spontaneous Hcemorrhage from the Carotid in Acute Middle-ear Disease. E. URBANTSCHITSCH (Vienna). (Monatsschrift fiir Ohrenheilkunde, 1939, lxxiii, 390.) Erosion of the internal carotid in its bony canal due to the spread of middle-ear disease is comparatively rare. Cholesteatoma and tuberculosis, both chronic affections, are responsible for most of the cases reported. The author details the case of a woman aged 57, admitted to hospital with a discharge from the left ear oi ten days' duration. A necrotic pharyngitis associated with diabetes was also present. Profuse, foul, pulsating pus was coming from a large defect in the left membrane. Mastoid tenderness was acute, and the left mastoid cells were hazy on X-ray examination. Nineteen days after the onset of the otitis, the left mastoid was opened. All cells were diseased, especially the retro-antral and tip cells. The lateral sinus and the dura of the middle fossa were exposed. A culture of the pus revealed streptococcus ha^molyticus. Convalescence was slow and stormy, complicated by erysipelas of the left leg. Six weeks after the operation a sudden severe bleeding from the nose, throat and left ear occurred. It ceased spontaneously. On subsequent days minor haemorrhages took place, but five days after the first attack, the patient was suffocated by a violent bleeding from the nose and throat. Post mortem examination revealed an erosion of the carotid canal and of the outer knee of the internal carotid artery. Blood clots were found in the Eustachian tube, the nasal and buccal cavities, and the left ear. The author surmises that the combination of ear disease, necrotic pharyngitis and diabetes accounted for these findings in a relatively acute case.


The electronic substituent effects on the rates of acid catalysed reduction of aromatic aldehydes by an acid-stable NADH model compound (N-methylacridan) are shown to be very small, compatible with those observed for live alcohol dehydrogenase catalysed reduction of aromatic aldehydes by NADH.


Abstract.
 Following the discovery of widespread adverse reproductive effects in fish-eating colonial waterbirds nesting in the Canadian Great Lakes, Environment Canada started monitoring contaminants in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) eggs in 1974. Current and historical concentrations and rates of decline of legacy contaminants (Polychlorinated Biphenyls [PCBs], 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD] and organochlorine pesticides) in Herring Gull eggs from 15 Great Lakes colonies over 40 years are reported here. Large declines in contaminant concentrations were found in all colonies from the first year of reporting to 2013, with mean percent declines ranging from 72.7% for Σ chlordane to 95.2% for Mirex, indicating reduced availability of contaminants to wildlife. First-order exponential decay regressions indicated that rates of decline in eggs varied among compounds. Herring Gulls from Strachan Island (St. Lawrence River), for example, had the highest rates of decline for Dieldrin and Hexachlor Epoxide, whereas those from Middle Island (Lake Erie) had the lowest rates of decline for TCDD and PCBs, and those from Gull Island (Lake Michigan) had the lowest rates of decline for HCB and Mirex. Exponential rates of decline in Herring Gulls mirrored those previously reported for Great Lakes fish, thus demonstrating that Herring Gulls are a good fish-eating indicator species.


Policies formed at the school level have tended to interfere with national agenda universal schooling in many countries of the world. A study therefore was carried out on the influence of school-based policies on internal efficiency in public day secondary schools in Nyatike Sub County, Kenya. The study was guided by three objectives; students' grade to grade promotion policy, schools time management policy and school time tabling. The design employed in this study was descriptive survey. The researcher targeted all 52 secondary schools in Nyatike sub-county. Stratified random sampling was used to arrive at the chosen samples for the study. The school-based policies analyzed were found to affect the internal efficiency in education in public secondary schools. The government's policy of no repetition, was found be flowed by all the schools as they had their own students' grade to grade promotion policy based on students' performance in internal examinations. All schools visited were found to be using exams for promotions. Ninety point zero three percent of the students responded that rules put by schools on student grade to grade affects their wellbeing and stay in school. Sixty one point five three percent of the students sampled believed student grade to grade policy has an impact on repetition of students. On time management policy, a majority of the schools did not have strategic plans to guide the operations in schools. However, the schools had timetables as required by the ministry of education. No effort was put in place to assist weak students in bettering in their academics to meet the set school targets for promotion. In conclusion the internal school policies on grade to grade promotion have affected greatly the internal efficiency in education in Nyatike sub-county. The inefficiency index of 1.3 was found. There is poor implantation of time management policy and there is a lot of waste of time in the afternoons in the sub-county. It is recommended that close monitoring be done by the sub-county director of education office on implementation of no student repetition policy.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted this paper for publication because it provides useful technical details of another method to place a suture in the sacrospinous ligament in the operation of transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy. Our urogynaecologist reviewer stated that long‐term review of results is essential to judge any such new technique and that postoperative findings at 6 weeks give no indication even of short‐term outcome. Nonetheless we believe many readers will be interested in this paper.


Erosion by water, at a global scale, is the main soil degradation process in agricultural areas. Raindrops are among the major soil-detaching agents, and the kinetic energy of falling rain has an important influence on erosion intensity. The aim of this study was to fabricate a Morgan Splash cup and to determine the kinetic energy and amount of soil splashed by raindrops using the splash cup. Three locations were chosen for this study (Agricultural Engineering Demonstration farm (A), e – learning centre (B) and campus two(C)). The result of this study showed that soil splashed was higher in campus 2 with a value of 7 g/m2. The mean soil splashed for the three locations are 1.78, 0.53 and 2.20 g/m2 for field A, B and C respectively. The soil splashed is observed to increase with increased Kinetic Energy of rainfall. Thus, the greater the rainfall and Kinetic Energy, the greater the soil splashed. It is therefore recommended that studies of splash erosion on cultivated land should be carried out to determine the effect of cultivation on the soil in the area.


The present invention is effective in treating such as mitochondrial function regulating composition comprising a NecroX-5 as an active ingredient, the NecroX-5 is, by blocking the mitochondrial calcium channels regulate mitochondrial function so arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, heart failure and ischemic heart damage a.