Abstract This research is intended to study the effect of water flow on the release flux of DNAPLs, which have been deposited on the riverbed surface after sudden water pollution accidents. Those contaminants will slowly diffuse from the riverbed into the overlying water body through hydrodynamic action, causing ongoing and serious water pollution. By taking dichloromethane as a typical contaminant, the release form under different hydrodynamic conditions was observed through flume experiments, and the response relationship between the release flux and hydrodynamic factors was analyzed, with an emphasis on parameterizing the release rate. The results suggested that stronger water disturbance significantly enhanced the release of contaminants. And the relationship between the release flux and hydrodynamic factors generally followed an exponential distribution (R2 > 0.94). Besides, the mathematical relationships between the release flux and the average flow velocity, shear force and turbulent intensity were established as follows: and Thus, this study has offered a solution to solve the source term quantification problem of the differential equation of convective diffusion, which can provide the basis for further developing the mathematical models of this kind of pollutants.


Pulsar death line can be defined in a P-P diagram. Traditionally, radio-loud pulsars are supposed to locate above the death line where there is a radio-loud region. With the development of observational equipment, the observational properties of the neutron star are remarkably diverse. In a P-P diagram, some of the special sources are radio-quiet but lie above the death line. From the definition of the pulsar death line, different equations of state for a neutron star or strange star result in different death lines. We discuss the influence of the equation of state on the pulsar death line and the possible link between different neutron star groups. The results show that central compact objects would be the small mass of self-bound strange stars, and rotating radio transients might be old pulsars on the verge of death. We suggest that PSR J2144-3933 is likely to be a large mass pulsar, which would be larger than 2.0 M-circle dot. Multiple observational facts would help us to reveal the nature of pulsars.


Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) consists of four major isoforms, two of which, PP1γ1 and PP1γ2, are derived by alternative splicing of a single gene, Ppp1cc. Targeted disruption of the Ppp1cc causes infertility in male mice due to impaired spermiogenesis. In this study, we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction to examine the pattern of expression of mRNA for PP1γ1 and PP1γ2 in germ cells in testis of adult mice. PP1γ1 mRNA was only detected in spermatogonia and pachytene spermatocytes. PP1γ2 mRNA was present in spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and elongating spermatids indicating that it is the only isoform of PP1γ present in post meiotic germ cells. We also observed an age‐dependent increase in PP1γ2 transcripts in comparison to PP1γ1 in developing testes.


This paper describes a study on the use of the Wiimote as a generic interaction device for smart spaces. We have identified the range of interaction possibilities that can be explored when creating Wii-based interfaces for smart spaces and we have explored the application of those interactive features in the context of a typical museum guide. While there are many features that can be explored creatively to sustain the use of the Wiimote as a generic interaction device, we also found that there is at least one critical requirement that is not supported. More specifically, we have identified the need to include access to rich information, such as the one provided by digital displays. We thus propose a shared control mechanism for public displays that enables a user equipped with a Wiimote to first gain control and then browse information in a public display. The results of our study show no major limitation in the proposed approach, but identify device discovery as one major technical flaw that still needs to be overcome before the wiimotemay realistically become a generic interaction alternative for smart spaces.


In this article, we introduce a three-dimensional q-difference operator with its equation. Also we derive certain theorems using three-dimensional q-difference operator. Suitable examples verified by MATLAB are inserted to illustrate our findings.


Background: One major drawback of the present National Cervical Cancer Screening programme is, the suboptimal sensitivity (53%) of the pap smear to detect Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN). HPV/DNA test is highly sensitive (92.9%) for CIN II viral load and the feasibility of HPV/DNA screening with conventional cytology for screen positive follow-up was successfully attempted. The sensitivity of Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) to detect CIN II+ is 79.1%. Objective: To describe the results of LBC vs conventional cytology among HPV/DNA screen positives of 35 and 45 year old ever-married women in MOH areas of Kalutara district. Methods: There are 15 Medical Officer of Health areas in Kalutara district and the Public Health Midwife area (n=413) is taken as a cluster. Three clusters were randomly selected in each MOH area (n=45) by the lot method. Eligible family registers were the sampling frame. Nine subjects in the 35 and 45 age cohort each from all 45 clusters were selected by consecutive sampling technique. The total number of 393 and 390 subjects from 35 and 45 age cohorts were subjected to cervical specimen collection at community Well Woman Clinics (WWC) after applying exclusion criteria at field and clinic setting. HPV/DNA screen positives were subjected to both LBC and pap smear. HPV/DNA screen positive with either conventional cytology or LBC≥ Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) were referred for colposcopy. The incremental cost of the pap smear was calculated. The Scenario-Building technique was used to calculate the per- procedure cost of colposcopy and biopsy. Results: The response rate of 35 and 45 age cohorts women was 97.5% and 96.5% respectively. The number of 25 (6.36%) among 35 and 18 (4.61%) among 45-year- old women were positive for HPV/DNA test. The number of 7 (1.78 %) among 35 year and 5 (1.28%) among 45 year old women had ≥ASCUS in conventional cytology, while the number of 10 (2.54%) among 35 years and 8 (2.05%) among 45 years old women had ≥ASCUS in LBC. Prevalence of CIN by colposcopy among 35 years and 45 years women for LBC vs conventional cytology were 1.53%, 1.28% and 1.53%, 1.03% respectively and there was no significant difference. No invalid results were reported for LBC and the treatment adherence for colposcopy was 86.7%. The incremental cost of pap smear was Rs. 626.18, while the per-procedure cost of colposcopy and biopsy was Rs.1528.15 and Rs.681.16. Conclusions and recommendations: To improve the quality and coverage of the programme HPV/DNA PCR test as a primary cervical cancer screening method with LBC for only screen positive follow-up can be recommended.


Based on design method of asphalt pavement structure,this paper deeply analyzes AASHTO asphalt pavement design method,SHELL design method and design method of asphalt pavement structure in China,discusses the formation,development as well as characteristics of various design methods for asphalt pavement structure.


In this paper, we report the seasonal variation of photo-oxidation rates in a tropical humic lagoon and its relation to annual rainfall regime. Photo-oxidation rates ranged from 8.96 to 415.06 µmol C·L–1·day–1, being higher in the beginning to middle of the rainy season and declining throughout the year. Although dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, water color, and sunlight incidence were generally higher in the rainy season, photo-oxidation rates were not significantly related to any of these parameters. Photo-oxidation seems to be influenced mainly by changes in DOC photoreactivity, which was up to threefold higher early in the rainy season, when inputs of fresh allochthonous DOC take place. In the following months, in addition to being continuously degraded by sunlight, DOC is also removed from the water column by processes such as microbial degradation and sedimentation, leading to a decline in DOC concentration and photoreactivity throughout the year until the next rainy season. Thus, the d...


In this article we intend to analyse some aspects of Schopenhauer's thought about Will's concept. For this, we are going to present the Schopenhauer's critic to the philosophers of the idealism. This critic is based on the impossibility of the reason to reach the essence of the reality. As we will see, will be through the body that Schopenhauer will establish a metaphysic on news moulds, a imminent metaphysic, that permits, not by reason a yes by intuition, to reach the Will as the essence of the world.


High-entropy alloys (HEAs) extend the phase composition and thus enlarge the space for optimizing performance of structural materials, catalysts, thermoelectrics, etc. To date, researchers have constructed SnTe-based HEAs mainly by...


The study was to determine whether tranquilizing agents such as stelazine and perphenazine when administered daily into hamsters during the progestational stage of pregnancy could affect the neural mechanism controlling the release of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 1 of the luteotrophic complex in this species and thus interfere with nidation and functional life span of the corpus luteum. Results indicated that neither stelazine 1.5-3.0 mg/100 gm body weight nor perph enazine 1 mg/100 gm body weight interfered with normal implantation of the blastocysts. Moreover there were no apparent alterations of pituitary FSH contents in animals treated with these drugs. The corpora lutea of the stelazine-treated animal are able to function normally capable of secreting sufficient progesterone necessary for induction of blastocyst implantation. This was confirmed by similar patterns of distribution of sudanophilic materials in the corpora lutea in stelazine-treated animals and in normal pregnant animals. It is conclud ed that tranquilizing drugs are unable to interfere with the secretion and release of pituitary FSH 1 of the luteotrophic complex which is essential for normal function of the corpora lutea and blastocyst implantation of the hamster.(FULL TEXT)


The paper considers that geological exploration organization staff should set the consciousness of competitive job under market economy. Also, it points out related measures.


A new analytical potential function for doubly charged diatomic ions is proposed as V(R) = (∑n = 0kanRn−1)exp(−ak+1R)+C/R, where an, ak+1 and C are parameters and R is the nuclear distance. This function can be used to describe the potential curves for doubly charged diatomic ions with both potential minimum and maximum, or without any stationary point. As examples, potential functions of this form for ground states of BH2+, He22+ and HF2+ have been derived. The calculations using the theoretical method QCISD with basis set 6-311++G have shown that the potential minimum of BH2+is at Rmin=0.147nm, the maximum at Rmax=0.185nm and ΔE = Emax−Emin=0.062 eV; for He22+ Rmin=0.0736nm, Rmax=0.105nm and ΔE = Emax−Emin=0.71 eV. It is found that the potential curve for HF2+ is one with a singly repulsive branch. The force constants and spectroscopic data for BH2+ and He22+ have also been worked out.


On the surface Nora Paul, Lorraine Laurino and Carol Ginzburg may not have much in common. While only one of the three women began her career in libraries, all three have ended up in the information profession. Discover how they got to where they are and how they have become change agents.


Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality whose processing, analysis and visualization has become a strong focus in medical imaging research. In this modality, the direction of the water diffusion is locally modeled by a Gaussian probability density function whose covariance matrix is a second order 3 × 3 symmetric positive definite matrix, also called the tensor here. The manifold-valued nature of the data as well as its high dimensionality makes the computational analysis of DT images complex. Very often, the data dimensionality is reduced to a single scalar derived from the tensors. Another common approach has been to ignore the restriction to the manifold of symmetric second-order tensors and, instead, treat the data as a multi-valued image. In this thesis, we try to address the above challenges posed by DT data using two different approaches. Our first contribution employs a geometric approach for representing DT data as low dimensional manifold embedded in higher dimensional space and then applying mathematical tools traditionally used in the study of Riemannian geometry for formulating first order and second order differential operators for DT images. Our second contribution is an algebraic one, where the key novel idea is to represent the DT data using the 8 dimensional hypercomplex algebra-biquaternions. This approach enables the processing of DT images in a holistic manner and facilitates the seamless introduction of traditional signal processing methodologies from biquaternion theory such as computing the Fourier transform, convolution, and edge detection for DT images. The preliminary results on synthetic and real DT data show great promise in both our approaches for DT image processing. In particular, we demonstrate greater detection ability of our features over scalar based approaches such as fractional anisotropy and show


for dye-sensitized solar cells. The role of the metallic ion and of the COOH groups on the optical properties of these complexes are compared and contrasted and their relevance as dyes for hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic cells is discussed. It was found that the optical spectra are strongly influenced by the metallic ion, with visible absorption bands for the Ru(II) complexes and only ultraviolet bands for the Rh(III) complexes. Upon excitation, the extra positive charge of the Rh 3þ centre tends to draw electrons towards the metal ion, facilitating some charge transfer from the ligand to the metal, whereas in the case of the Ru 2þ ion the electron transfer is clearly from the metal to the ligand. The carboxyl groups play an important role in strengthening the absorption bands in solution in the visible region. Of the complexes studied, the most suited as pigments for dye- sensitized solar cells are the (Ru(II)(bpy)3� n(dcbpy)n) 2þ complexes with n ¼ 1 and 2. This is based on the following arguments: (i) their intense absorption band in the visible region, (ii) the presence of the anchoring groups allowing the bonding to the TiO2 substrate and the charge transfer, and (iii) the good energy level alignment with the conduction band edge of the semiconducting substrate and the redox level of the electrolyte.


This article discusses some issues related to the professional development of Religious Education (RE) student teachers in initial teacher education based on empirical results on the development of the pedagogical thinking of Finnish RE student teachers during their teacher education. The article begins by describing the concept of professionalism as professional competence, professional identity and professional qualification. After this it describes some key results of the research project related to the first two aspects of professionalism presented earlier. The article closes with some implications for RE teacher education and research on the basis of what was uncovered.


In article the concepts of corruption which are found in scientific literature, regulations, international treaties are analyzed. The foreign and domestic statistics of corruption level is given in Russia. Groups of the reasons of this social illness are allocated.


Regular cost functions form a quantitative extension of regular languages that share the array of characterisations the latter possess. In this theory, functions are treated only up to preservation of boundedness on all subsets of the domain. In this work, we subject the well known distance automata (also calledmin-automata), and their dualmax-automata to this framework, and obtain a number of effective characterisations in terms of logic, expressions and algebra. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F.4.3 Formal Languages


This is a review of the current understanding of diffusionally controlled combustion. Emphasis is placed on identifying those parameters which determine the relative importance of external diffusion and how this relates to the particle burning rate. Conceptual models which have been proposed for these relationships are discussed. Among the parameters considered are temperature, pressure, intrinsic reactivity, particle size, gas properties, and flow conditions. Most solids combustion data in the literature are for graphite, coal char, and petroleum coke. A brief review is given of experimental data which demonstrate the relative importance of external diffusion for these fuels. Primary emphasis is given to fluidized bed combustion, since it will probably be the method of choice for burning many low-grade fuels. Finally, specific experimental and theoretical needs for future work are identified.


The author argues that statistics of police-recorded crimes have limited utility for cross-country analyses of crime, owing to varying legal definitions, reporting patterns and recording practices....


This pa per pres ents a novel non-it er a tive al go rithm for charge par ti cle lo cal iza tion in a spark cham ber. Its per for mance is eval u ated by com puter sim u la tions us ing the Monte Carlo sim u - la tion method and com pared with the per for mance of an ap pro pri ate it er a tive al go rithm. It is found that the pro posed non-it er a tive al go rithm per forms sig nif i cantly better, is eas ier to im ple ment and re quires less com pu ta tional re sources than the it er a tive al go rithm.


The effects of nitrogen distribution on the yield of summer maize at different growth stages were studied.The results showed that the effect of multiple fertilization was better than that of concentrated fertilization,which could increase the nitrogen use efficiency and the yield of maize by 30.98%-72.27% and 8.13%-18.97%,respectively.The nitrogen distribution was closely related to the growth and development of maize.The ample spike fertilizer was the key of high yield.The effects of 25% of base fertilizer,25% of jointing fertilizer and 50% of spike fertilizer were the best,the nitrogen use efficiency could reach 44.10%,and the yield could reach 12 454.5 kg/hm2.


A new method is described for measuring free thyroxine in serum, in which co-current dialysis is used to simplify and speed the determination. The patient's serum is mixed with 125I-labeled thyroxine and buffer (28 ml of serum per deciliter) and co-currently dialyzed for 15 min against a mixture of pooled serum (8 ml/dl) in buffer. After dialysis, the free thyroxine of the patient's serum, which is now bound to the protein of the recipient stream (pooled serum), is precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. The radioactivity of this precipitate and of an undialyzed serum aliquot is measured, to obtain the total count. Use of pooled serum and trichloroacetic acid eliminates the need for the amounts of carrier thyroxine required in most other methods. The procedure is both simple and rapid (3 to 4 samples/unit/h). The values for free thyroxine correlate well with those obtained by the method of Lee and Pileggi [ Clin. Chem. 17, 166 (1971)] and by others participating in the proficiency program of the College of American Pathologists.


The virtual research environment V-FOR-WaTer aims at simplifying data access for environmental sciences, fostering data publications and facilitating data analyses. By giving scientists from universities, research facilities and state offices easy access to data, appropriate pre-processing and analysis tools and workflows, we want to accelerate scientific work and facilitate the reproducibility of analyses.

The prototype of the virtual research environment consists of a database with a detailed metadata scheme that is adapted to water and terrestrial environmental data. Present datasets in the web portal originate from university projects and state offices. We are also finalising the connection of V-FOR-WaTer to GFZ Data Services, an established repository for geoscientific data. This will ease publication of data from the portal and in turn give access to datasets stored in this repository. Key to being compatible with GFZ Data Services and other systems is the compliance of the metadata scheme with international standards (INSPIRE, ISO19115).

The web portal is designed to facilitate typical workflows in environmental sciences. Map operations and filter options ensure easy selection of the data, while the workspace area provides tools for data pre-processing, scaling, and common hydrological applications. The toolbox also contains more specific tools, e.g. for geostatistics and soon for evapotranspiration. It is easily extendable and will ultimately also include user-developed tools, reflecting the current research topics and methodologies in the hydrology community. Tools are accessed through Web Processing Services (WPS) and can be joined, saved and shared as workflows, enabling more complex analyses and ensuring reproducibility of the results.


Several years ago Nelson succeeded in deriving the nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation within a stochastic model which included Newton's second law as the fundamental dynamical rule. Unfortunately, the relativistic extension of Nelson's work is not so straightforward as might at first be supposed. This paper examines the difficulties inherent in such a relativization and proposes supplemental axioms which resolve those difficulties. A stochastic derivation of the Klein–Gordon equation is then presented.


English abstracts are important in the seismic technology periodicals,the problems about them are discussed.The sci-thch periodicals are developed internationally,the editors should pay more attention to the periodicals' English information,and improve their basic makings and relative knowledge,and then the comprehensive qualities of sci-thch periodicals can be improved.


PURPOSETightly constricted isodose lines are generated using brachytherapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning systems for prostate cancer. Definition of margins that encompass subclinical disease extension is important to maximize dose escalation while attempting to adhere to normal tissue dose tolerances. In this study, we attempted to find predictors of extracapsular extension (ECE) and its radial distance. MATERIALS AND METHODSPathological assessment of ECE and its radial distance was performed on 712 radical prostatectomy specimens. Preoperative data (initial prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, ultrasound volume, and biopsy Gleason score) were evaluated for their ability to predict the presence of ECE and its radial distance. RESULTSMeasurable disease was noted outside the prostatic capsule in 185 of 712 (26.0%) specimens. All preoperative parameters except ultrasound volume were able to predict the presence of ECE. However, none of them was predictive of the radial ECE distance. In this group, the median and the range of the maximum depth of invasion (radial extension from the capsule) were 2.00 and 0.5–12.00 mm, respectively. The mean radial distance from the capsule was 2.93 mm, SD ± 2.286 mm. All subgroups had some patients with radial extension ranging from 0–2 mm, 2–5 mm, to > 5 mm. Only patients with a prostate-specific antigen of 0–4 ng/mL had no extension > 5 mm. CONCLUSIONSThis is the largest series in the literature thus far that quantitatively assesses radial extracapsular extension. Coverage of sub-clinical disease must be addressed carefully before successful implementation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, brachytherapy, or prostatectomy in order to avoid geographical miss.


We can examine by three way when we examine culture education method for foreigner in textbook. Most Chiefly, there can be method to teach and study uniting culture for communication ability elevation in Korean education. That is, it is method to do culture education with language education in big model that is Korean education. By next time, there is method to educate together speech function education laying stress on culture education. Finally, there is culture education method to exclude language function education to execute culture education. Second and third can assume that is when culture textbook exists separately. We discuss laying stress on culture education that integrate speech function education in culture education contents in culture education spot that correspond to second method. Therefore, examine sorting Korean culture textbook area that development is available so that may can become help to develop little more various culture teaching material, and develop model of Korean education, and do so that examine unit composition way of three culture teaching material areas to classify before shortly.


Zen is belongs to the Buddhism of mental perception and also great wisdom of seeking natural character by keeping peaceful. Zen lays emphasis on the Magyar and seeks confirmation of wisdom liberation. After the Tang Dynasty, it stepped into a period of great prosperity gradually and played an important role in the Chinese ancient philosophy, literature, art and so on. As a form of art in Chinese culture, gardens are not only influenced by the traditional Confucian rite and music culture but also, in some sense, inherits the pursuit of Zen philosophy and even creates a special type of Zen garden. Zen garden is one type of temple gardens and also an ancient, special and independent garden system, because it's out of range of religious gardens. Although from China, it matured in Japan. The impact performs in regards of Japan life and religious activities. It triggered Japanese tea ceremony and the appreciation of the simple and unadorned style, emphasizing extremely strong self-control. As it were, Zen is the soul of Japanese garden. Japanese rock garden and earth-bare garden, which have the most special Japanese characteristics, are strongly infiltrated by Zen thought. At the same time, the suitable plant landscape expresses the refinements of Zen in a unadorned and simple style.


This paper comprehensively formulate the protection zone and mathematical models of lightning rods based on the rolling sphere method,when dealing with the flexible disposition of modular substations,a new method is put forward to facilitate the lightning-protection design.Finally the paper applies the method to lightning-protection design for a modular substation.It can simplify the procedure and make the design more reasonable.


Permeability estimates from the pressure derivative or the slope of the semilog plot usually are considered to be averages of some large ill-defined reservoir volume. This paper presents results of a study of the averaging process, including identification of the region of the reservoir that influences permeability estimates, and a specification of the relative contribution of the permeability of various regions to the estimate of average permeability. The diffusion equation for the pressure response of a well situated in an infinite reservoir where permeability is an arbitrary function of position was solved for the case of small variations from a mean value. Permeability estimates from the slope of the plot of pressure vs. the logarithm of drawdown time are shown to be weighted averages of the permeabilities within an inner and outer radius of investigation.


Apparatus of the present invention, one side (socket side) in which can be inserted into a standardized plug socket, the plug-in components includes a (plug-in part). A plurality of compartments 15, each with a plug can be inserted respectively are provided to the other side (plug side). The apparatus also includes a plurality of adapter contacts to bring the contact piece and the electrical contact by inserting the plug into the socket part. In each of the compartments, at least two adapter contact portion may be brought into contact with an electrically conductive manner by a plug contact of the inserted plug. Compartment being arranged at least partially within the socket openings, that is, the inserted plug is a part of at least the plug socket protrudes into the opening to be placed in the socket opening. As for the arrangement according to the invention, the socket contact is arranged becomes the overlaid at least, and preferably adjacent. Contact adapter is implemented as a strip conductor of the flex print.


Wet electrospinning has many advantages over conventional electrospinning processes. However, the technique is not commonly used due to the limited availability of suitable materials and accessibility of the technique. In this study different ratios of PCL-chitosan blend was prepared and fabricated into a highly porous scaffold system by wet electrospinning. The keratinocytes and fibroblast cells were seeded on the top and bottom side of the scaffold respectively to develop a bilayer skin construct. We conducted tests to examine the biological properties of the material including their cell viability, in vitro wound healing efficiency, and gene expression of collagen-I, collagen-III, cytokeratin-14, and cytokeratin-5. The findings indicate that PCL-chitosan can serve as a highly effective wound dressing material, with remarkable wound healing properties.


Objective To analyze higher-order aberration,modulation transfer function (MTF)and the changes of MTF value with or without different mode higher-order aberration in eyes implanted with two different types of intraocular lens (IOL) at 6mm pupil diameter. Methods A total of 80 eyes (74 patients) were divided into two groups randomly.Group I implanted with Akreos AO IOL,Group Ⅱ implanted with Tecnis ZA9003 IOL.The iTrace was used to measure higher-order aberrations,MTF value of total higher-order aberration (tHOA),MTF value without different Zernike mode (C3-3~C3+3,C40) and different mode of higher-order aberration (S3,S4,S5).The independent samples t test and paired-t test was used to assess the data. Results ①The spherical aberration C40of total eyes was significantly different between the two groups,while the tHOA was not.The MTF value without C40 was not significantly different while the MTF (tHOA) and the MTF value without C3-3~C3+3 respectively was significantly different between the two groups at 6mm pupil diameter.②In group,the MTF value improved at (5~30) cycle per degree (c/d) without C3-3~C3+3,C40 respectively and the MTF value got the most improvement without C40; while in group Ⅱ,the MTF value improved at (5~30) c/d without C3-3~C3+3 respectively and there was no significantly improvement of MTF value without C40 at (5~30) c/d,the MTF value got the most improvement without C3-3.③In group Ⅰ,the MTF value improved at (5~30) c/d without S3,S4 respectively and improved at (5~10) c/d without S5.The MTF value without S3,S4 respectively increased more than without S5;while in group Ⅱ,the MTF value got the most improvement at (5~30) c/d without S3. Conclusions The MTF (tHOA) is different between the two groups,and the spherical aberration C40 is responsible for the difference.C40 and S4,S3 show a more significant effect in the eyes implanted with Akreos AO IOL,vertical trefoil C3-3 and S3 show a more significant effect in the eyes implanted with Tecnis ZA9003 IOL.

Key words:
Modulation transfer function;  Higher-order aberration;  Intraocular lens


Hollow Al2O3 microfibers were successfully synthesized via a novel hydrothermal method using cotton fiber as a template followed by annealing. The hollow Al2O3 microfibers annealed at 1200 °C for 5 h contained no impurity phases, and the Al2O3 composing the microfibers was confirmed to exhibit the trigonal unit cell of α-Al2O3 with R\(\bar{3}\)c space-group symmetry. The synthesized hollow Al2O3 microfibers were 5–15 µm in diameter, with walls 500–800 nm thick; the walls were composed of Al2O3 primary particles 100–200 nm in diameter. The specific heat capacity of the synthesized hollow Al2O3 microfibers was approximately the same as that reported in the literature for α-Al2O3. In addition, the annealing temperature of the hollow Al2O3 microfibers was studied to elucidate their mechanism of formation. The chemical and physical properties of the synthesized hollow Al2O3 microfibers indicate that they can be used as a thermal insulation material.


Mathematical-geographical position of a territory is given by determining the field of geographical coordinate net in which it fits without remnants. Percentage ratio of a territory surface and surface of correspondent field of geographical net can be named field fill. Mathematical-geographical position of the given territory is completely determined connecting corresponding day geometry (duration of the daytime, twilight, daylight and night) to its field of geographical net.


The initial and significant event developed in ischemic stroke and other brain pathologies is the sudden decrease in blood flow and oxygen supply, leading to dysfunction of the mitochondria. We review a unique optical approach to evaluate brain mitochondrial function and microcirculatory blood flow, volume and oxygenation in real time in vivo. Four monitored physiological parameters are integrated into a new Brain Metabolic Score (BMS) calculated in real time and is correlated to Brain Oxygen Balance. The technology was used in experimental and clinical situations. Few models of brain monitoring during partial or complete ischemia were developed and used in naive animals or under brain activation protocols. It was found that mitochondrial function/dysfunction is the major and dominant parameter affecting the calculated Brain Metabolic Score. Using our monitoring system and suggested protocols will provide direct information regarding the ability of the tested brain to provide enough oxygen consumed by the mitochondria in the "resting" or in the "activated" brain in vivo and in real-time. Our studies indicated that testing the pathophysiology of the brain is a promising approach that may provide significant results to the R&D studies of ischemic stroke and other neuropathologies related to mitochondrial function.


Fluorinated ansa substituted cyclophosphazenes endo-FcCH(2)P(S)(CH(2)O)(2)[P(F)N](2)(F(2)PN) [Fc = ferrocenyl] (1) and exo-FcCH(2)P(S)(CH(2)O)(2)[P(F)N](2)(F(2)PN) (2) readily transform to the spirocyclic compound [FcCH(2)P(S)(CH(2)O)(2)PN](F(2)PN)(2) (3) not only in the presence of CsF but also with non-fluorinated bases such as Cs(2)CO(3), K(2)CO(3), KOBu(t), Et(3)N, DABCO, DBN, and DBU. The analogous tetrachloro ansa compound exo-FcCH(2)P(S)(CH(2)O)(2)[P(Cl)N](2)(Cl(2)PN) (5), however, did not transform to the chlorinated spiro compound (6) in the presence of these bases. With excess of CsF, P-Cl bonds of 5 were found to undergo fluorination leading to the formation of 2, which transformed to spirocyclic compound 3. Time dependent (31)P NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor this transformation. Crystal structure studies on the ansa substituted compounds 4 and 5 have shown weak bonding interactions involving C-H...Cl, C-H...O, and C-H...S interactions.


Several years after widespread recognition of its potential, it appears that polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) technology is finally approaching licensed application in medical diagnosis. The concept and practice of exponential in vitro amplification of target DNA sequences have profoundly affected almost all aspects of genetic analysis, and in the clinical laboratory have accelerated the trend toward development of specialized units devoted to nucleic-acid-based diagnostics. PCR has been well explored in research settings for the detection of markers of genetic diseases (1) or malignancy, and for diagnosis of infectious diseases. In the latter category, emphasis is being placed on those organisms that are either difficult or slow to culture. Initial licensed diagnostic uses will probably be to detect chlamydia, Lyme disease (borreliosis), and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Other infections that could benefit greatly from rapid, sensitive assays include those due to mycobacteria, mycoplasma, treponemes, and viruses such as hepatitis, papilloma, and herpesviruses. PCR is not the only target amplification technique that has been described, but it is by far the best explored. Practical experience has shown that successful PCR assays require attention to many different phases-specimen preparation, primer selection, amplification conditions, signal authentication, quantitative analysis, and interpretation of clinical significance. Much creativity has gone into optimizing these assays, but the process has taken longer than some had expected, and some unwarranted skepticism for the technology has probably developed as a result. Many specimen-preparation methods can provide representative DNA templates for PCR. The specific choice involves some tradeoff between template quality and technical complexity, with a resulting risk of errors. Traditional extraction procedures, involving combinations of proteases, detergents, denaturants, organic solvents, and high-speed centriftigation, are too complicated for clinical laboratories. This was appreciated long before the advent of PCR, but the extreme sensitivity of this assay has also emphasized the importance of protecting specimens from contamination by stray target sequences during handling. As a result, very minimal but relatively inefficient preparation methods have been tried, such as lysis of cells in hypotonic media, or the direct introduction of unmodified clinical fluid specimens into PCRs. Although these methods may work in some instances, assay sensitivity could be suboptimal because of poor release of amplifiable templates or the presence of inhibitory substances. In this issue, Buffone et al. (2) address the topic of specimen preparation for PCR detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in clinical urine specimens. They had earlier reported success in amplifying CMV from the urine of congenitally infected newborns with no specimen pretreatment other than brief centrifugation (3). Because these newborns usually shed very high concentrations of virus, a minuscule sample should suffice. Assay sensitivity for lesser degrees of viruria is uncertain. Buffone et al. found that increasing the volume of urine assayed sometimes resulted in inhibition of the PCR; they now report that this can be avoided by purifying the CMV DNA from urine specimens by binding to glass powder, a method for which commercial kits are available and which appears reasonably practical. The multiple washing steps involved could increase the risk of contamination, and complicate the processing of large numbers of specimens, thus illustrating the tradeoff mentioned earlier. Other processing methods are also worth considering. Viral particles in the urine can be concentrated by ultracentrifugation if suitable equipment is available. Lysis of the pellet is a simple approach that has been used previously (4, 5). Binding of CMV sequences on solid phases coated with capture probes specific for CMV is also appealing, and would be especially helpful when processing types of specimens that contain much extraneous DNA of host or other microbial origin. Eventually, several techniques need to be carefully compared through the use of split specimens, with special consideration being given to methods that can be automated. Choosing appropriate primers and targets for diagnostic PCR has been largely empirical. For microbial DNA targets, primer sequences should be conserved in clinical isolates, yet be specific to the desired target and organism. Numerous parts of the CMV 230-kb genome are suitable for amplification. Many investigators, including Buffone et al. (2,3), have used primers from its major immediate-early (WE) gene region. Published data from two reference strains of CMV show fairly good sequence conservation in this region, although additional data from our laboratory reveal nucleotide variation in clinical strains that affects two of the four MIE primers listed (2,3; MIE-5 and CMV18 are variant; the sequence of CMV24 should be verified). As the data of Buffone et al. show, some primer-template mismatching does not necessarily prevent amplification of various strains. However, some mismatch could affect assay sensitivity or the ability to obtain representative amplification of the sequences present in the specimen. It is best to assess the potential severity of the problem by sequencing diverse strains and attempting to amplify variants of known sequence with the chosen primers. Variable genomes such as human immunodeficiency virus need to be screened carefully to select relatively conserved sequences. It may be necessary to use more than one set of primers.


In view of the problem of present value measurement,this article,based on takes the norm researchmethod,analyzes the application of the present value measurment in the accounting practice,points out that there is insufficient application of the present value in inventory valuation,liability measurement and termination benefit,gives suggestions of constantly improving the accountants'professional judgment ability,enhancing the operability of present value measurement and perfecting effective market environment and so on.The results will offer guidance in perfecting present value measuring.


Commercial ZnO, MnO2, and their acid-treated forms were used as catalysts for oxidative degradation of Orange II dye in water. ZnO and MnO2 were treated with 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 N aqueous H2SO4. The acid treated oxides were found to be highly effective in bringing about degradation of Orange II in water. As much as 68.7% of the dye in an aqueous solution of 1 mg/L concentration could be degraded with untreated ZnO as the catalyst. The degradation increased to 79.5% with 1.0 N acid treated ZnO as the catalyst when the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 240 min. The catalytic activity was slightly affected by the solution pH in the range of 2.0–8.0. With MnO2 as the catalyst, there was only 12.7% degradation of the dye, but this increased up to 100% when 0.5 N acid treated MnO2 was used as the catalyst. It was found that a catalyst loading of 5.0 g/L of raw and acid-treated ZnO and a loading of 0.5 g/L of raw and acid-treated MnO2 could bring about almost 100% degradation of Orange II in water in an interaction time of 240 min at room temperature.


Pseudospectral method is an alternative of finite differences and finite elements method to solve nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), especially in nonlinear waves. The Pseudospectal method is very efficient because it use the fast fourier transform to calculate discrete Fourier transform in the algorithm. In this paper, the Pseudospectral scheme is modified by adding the linear damping effect and de-aliasing technique, and has been tested in Ostrovsky equation, where Ostrovsky equation is a modified of Korteweg-de Vries equation with an addition of background Earth's rotation. The addition of the linear damping is to prevent the possibility of radiated waves re-entering from the boundaries and disturbing the main wave structure. Most of the numerical simulations occur with the aliasing errors due to pollution of numerically calculated Fourier transform by higher frequencies component because of the truncation of the series. To prevent this, the de-aliasing technique is implemented on the nonlinear term and linear damping region by setting of the amplitudes to be zero at the end of both boundaries. Therefore, the simulation results of Pseudospectral method will be smooth without any high frequency errors even for the high amplitude of the waves from initial condition.


In this paper, a series of BN/NTCDA photocatalysts have been prepared by simple calcination method and their photocatalytic performance under visible light are studied with tetracycline (TC) as the target...


Abstract : This report first summarizes seven sets of experiments in cold exposure, then indicates the nature of the model which unifies the data obtained. It describes a secondary interest in the weight loss of hyperbaric environments, and it lists additional activities undertaken. A list of publications which have resulted during the course of this contract concludes the report.


The optical extinction theorem due to P. P. Ewald, C. W. Oseen and C. G. Darwin is used completely to describe the action of a dielectric slab as a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The analysis is very comparable to that given by Born and Wolf. It is then shown that by generalising the optical extinction theorem to the nonlinear regime essentially the same Fabry-Perot cavity action is regained but in this case the refractive index and hence the cavity tuning depends on the input intensity. This way a multistable output/input relation is derived. It is shown further how the extinction theorem will also handle the problem of 'standing waves' in the cavity. The possibility of optical turbulence in a Fabry-Perot cavity is briefly mentioned.


The Chinese culture has a long history and innumerable modern craft evolved from the traditional craft. This is also China's development superiority on the international economic stage. With the deepening of economic globalization, numerous new products in China have appeared on the world stage. Products with Chinese characteristics are widely welcomed. This paper analyzes the traditional costume culture in China deeply and explores the application of the traditional modeling elements in Chinese clothing culture and in modern clothing. The paper divides the characteristics of China 's traditional culture costumes into four parts. The application of modern fashion design must pay attention to these four parts: the significance of introducing the traditional elements into fashion design, the problems existing in the design of modern Chinese clothing, the applying tactics of the traditional styling elements in Chinese costume culture and in modern fashion design, the traditional styling elements in Chinese costume culture.


Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has been adopted as the standard adjunct for imaging during patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect closure. The widespread use of this technology for septal closure procedures has naturally led to exploration of its use in a variety of other clinical settings. In this issue, Green et al. describe their experience with ICE for guidance of balloon mitral valvuloplasty. A number of obvious potential benefits exist, including the visualization of the atrial septum for transseptal puncture and the assessment of both balloon positioning and mitral regurgitation after balloon inflations. Patient evaluation for mitral valvuloplasty has been performed for 2 decades using both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Patient selection preprocedure necessarily requires these examinations. How, then, can ICE add to the already requisite echocardiographic adjunctive examinations for balloon mitral valvuloplasty? Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can be used during valvuloplasty procedures for guidance, and great success has been reported with this approach. The discomfort of TEE for patients and the cumbersome elements of combined transesophageal echo and catheterization procedures make ICE a highly attractive alternative. A variety of technical issues are important to consider regarding ICE for monitoring of balloon mitral valvuloplasty. As the authors point out, there is a considerable learning curve for the acquisition and especially interpretation of images obtained using ICE. The echocardiographic orientations are clearly off axis in comparison to standard transesophageal echocardiographic views. An important caution is necessary with the interpretation of these images. The inability to obtain a true short axis using ICE makes errors possible in interpreting the degree of commissural splitting engendered by valvuloplasty and, importantly, the degree of mitral regurgitation resulting from balloon inflations. A great deal more experience will be necessary to refine methods for the evaluation of mitral regurgitation after valvuloplasty using ICE. Other technical considerations include the need to place the device into the right ventricle. In this series of 19 patients, no important cardiac complications related to placement of the 10 Fr ICE catheter were noted. There is clearly a potential for venous access complications and, more importantly, for right heart perforation. The occurrence of one episode of deep venous thrombosis in this series highlights this potential. In many new device procedures, vascular access complications have resulted from non-device-related, more routine femoral arterial or venous sheaths. This is a ubiquitous part of our procedures, and each additional sheath insertion comes with some obvious risk, albeit small. The authors note clear visualization of the balloon in the mitral orifice with ICE guidance. It has been noted previously that severe mitral regurgitation caused by balloon inflations results from damage to the leaflets in about half of cases, with the remainder resulting from damage to chordal structures [1]. Evaluation of the relationship of balloon inflations to the chordae tendineae may be an important asset offered by ICE. Further experience with ICE guidance for balloon mitral valvuloplasty will help define whether imaging of the chordal apparatus is adequate to help avoid entanglement of the balloon in the chordae, with potential to reduce the most important complication of mitral valvuloplasty. Can ICE stand alone and ultimately replace other echocardiographic modalities for both preprocedure evaluation and intraprocedure guidance during balloon mitral valvuloplasty (Table I)? At this point, it is clear that preprocedure evaluation using at least transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is necessary. A patient might easily undergo a transthoracic echo examination to evaluate mitral valve morphology, the degree of mitral regurgitation, and an assessment of mitral valve area preprocedure, and then have inspection of the atrial appendage and transseptal puncture guidance directed by ICE during the valvuloplasty procedure. This might obviate the need for transesophageal echocardiography.


This work aims to show the life and development of people with disabilities in the Social Rehabilitation Centers (SRC). For this, interviews were conducted with leaders of the different organizations involved and witnesses who tell their experience within the rehabilitation centers. Issues such as state guarantees in this area and the international convention on disability were addressed. In addition, they sought testimonies from people who can testify on the subject and contribute with evidence of it. This research concluded that despite state guarantees, social rehabilitation centers are not able to meet the needs required for the care and integral development of people with disabilities. This has faced them with a double vulnerability within these centers.


The Carlsberg prototype is a distributed operating system designed to provide eecient support for distributed-parallel applications on a cluster of high-performance workstations. A unique feature of Carlsberg is the integration of coherent shared memory, multithreading, and message passing in one system. In this paper we discuss the motivation for the Carlsberg system and we present aspects of its design.


This article suggests the process of structural health monitoring (SHM) in the context of a nonstatistical damage detection paradigm. We particularly focus on applying the theory of possibility to the damage detection problem. The basic idea behind the proposed approach is that the application of possibility theory does not require probabilistic knowledge or assumptions on the damage feature and thus encompasses aleatoric and epistemic types of uncertainties. The approach is not damage feature dependent and thus is generic for use in many SHM systems. Additionally, two new damage metrics are introduced. These metrics extract information concerning damage evidence from observations performed at unknown health states of structures. Damage detection with the aid of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of a case study.


Harmony and farmer were the subject and main body in new countryside construction.Therefore,mental harmony of farmers was the need of persisting in "giving fundamental consideration to the people's interests",promoting the overall,free,harmonious sustainable development of human.It was also the essence of rural harmony and the basis of rural social harmony.Farmers' well-being and fulfilling should be cultured through creating fair balanced benefit pattern and carrying on the psychological healthy education.


A classical solution ofthe Cauchy problem, which describes in a linear approximation the decay of acoustic vibrations in a fluid, allowing for the thermal conductivity of the medium, is constructed and its uniqueness class is isolated, using methods for the analysis ofintegrals which depend on a large parameter. An asymptotic representation of the solution for long times is constructed.


Major breeding failures of seabird populations are sometimes attributed to reduced egg laying or abandonment of incubation due to nutritional stress, yet diets during these reproductive stages are often poorly characterized. We used stable isotopes and fatty acid (FA) signatures to infer age- (adult vs. nestling) and stage-dependent foraging niches of tufted puffins Fratercula cirrhata captured in Chiniak Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA, from 2003 to 2005. Whole blood δ 15 N values indicated a seasonal shift in trophic niche of adults: 15 N enrichment was consistent with a 0.47 to 0.68 increase in trophic level of feeding from pre-lay to late chick-rearing. Although incomplete turnover of blood cells from the pre-lay period likely contributed to intermediate δ 15 N values of incubating puffins, this was insufficient to account for differences between incubating and chick-rearing adults. Differences in δ 15 N and δ 13 C between chick-rearing adults and nestlings were small and inconsistent between years. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) using the 14 most abundant FAs classified indi- viduals by reproductive stage and age within each year with a high level of accuracy (linear DFA: 93 to 99%; quadratic DFA: 80 to 92%). When all years were combined, accuracy of cross-validated clas- sification remained high (linear DFA: 90%; quadratic DFA: 76%). Based on stable isotopes and FA signatures, we conclude that foraging niches are stage-dependent in this species and suggest that chick-rearing adults do not typically feed at a lower trophic level than nestlings but likely consume a different array of prey species.


The method of the impacting to manufacture micro-pits is put forward in order to reduce friction between Piston ring and Cylinder liner, and improve the effective of air compressor. Method and principium of the impacting to manufacture micro-pits is recounted. The cylinder liner is set on principal axis of the rotating lathe. The tool can feed toward axis or radial direction. The micro-pits deepness is controlled by axis feeding, and distance between two micro-pits is controlled by radial feeding. The motor drives eccentricity wheel, so that the tool engender the low frequency vibration. The micro-pits are manufactured by the tools on low-frequency vibration. The effective of micro-pits processing is improved because the matrix tools were designed and manufactured. The depth of micro-pits can be controlled, so that it is even. The dynamic lubrication is built up between the cylinder and the piston, because the distributing regulation and the structural parameter can be controlled, and the micro-pits distribute evenly and independently. A theoretic model was presented to study the lubrication performance, The theory of dynamic lubrication of the honeycomb micro-pits was researched. The air compressor cylinder liners were manufactured. The tests of air compressors which cylinder liners have no micro-pits and air compressors which cylinder liners have micro-pits were done. The test result proves that friction between Piston ring and Cylinder liner is reduced, and the effective of air compressor is improved because of micro-pits.


Background: Some types of cell-based therapies may reduce secondary brain injury after stroke by modulating immune responses from the spleen. Here, we hypothesized that fractalkine (FKN; CX3CL1) derived from the spleen mediates cross-talk between the spleen and brain, and that upregulation of FKN in the spleen by bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) is an important mechanism underlying how MNCs enhance recovery after stroke. Methods: To model ischemic stroke, we employed rat and mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models. 24 hours after MCAo, animals received autologous MNCs IV or saline as vehicle controls. Brains and spleens were harvested and serum was collected at various time points after MCAo. FKN gene expression and protein levels were measured. Functional testing was evaluated for up to 28d after MCAo. In parallel experiments, mice were subjected to splenectomy two weeks prior to MCAo and the same experiments were repeated in animals without a spleen. In another experiment, antibody neut...


Binocular vision can be used to get the location and three-dimensional information of the target.The calibration and positioning algorithm of binocular vision based on camera viewing angle are researched,including imaging model,the basic principles of binocular vision based on camera viewing angle,and the experimental verification is done.The results are made the corresponding comparison and analysis with the traditional algorithm,the good results of calibration and positioning are obtained.


Individual genotypes at 12 microsatellite loci for the Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi populations and for the Asian populations shown in Figure 4.


Synthetic vitamin B9, also known as folic acid (FA), is an extensively used nutritional supplement as well as an adjunctive medication in cancer therapy. However, there is increasing evidence that FA can promote the progression of established colorectal cancers (CRC); therefore, great care is required in the case of its application. In order to gain knowledge about the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed the genomic and the epigenomic effect of different FA supplies on two CRC cell lines with distinct molecular backgrounds. HT-29 and SW480 cells were kept in FA-free media (0 ng/mL) or treated with 100 ng/mL and 10000 ng/mL FA for 72 hours. Firstly, cell proliferation and cell viability alterations were determined with Supforhodamine B and AlamarBlue assays; then, cell cycle analysis was performed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Global DNA methylation level was investigated with the pyrosequencing of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons. Micronucleus scoring performed on DAPI- and anti-γ-H2AX-stained slides, as well as Comet assay, were used to detect the impact of FA on genome integrity. Finally, we analyzed gene expression alterations with Human Transcriptome Array (HTA) 2.0. Our data revealed that 100 ng/mL FA induced significant (p≤0.05) elevation (HT-29100: 128.4±24.9%) of HT-29 cell proliferation compared to the other two circumstances (HT-290: 101.3±13.5%; HT-2910000: 86.1±20.8%). The tendency of cell viability was analogous to the results detected during cell proliferation analyses (HT-290: 91.6±13.3%; HT-29100: 115.8±30.9%; HT-2910000: 64.1±20.2%). The genomic stability of FA-supplemented HT-29 samples was improved in a significant manner (p≤0.05), based on the results of micronucleus scoring (HT-290: 0.56±0.05%; HT-29100: 0.17±0.05%; HT-2910000: 0.25±0.09%) and Comet assay (HT-290: 37.4±3.5%; HT-29100: 31.2±3.4%; HT-2910000: 20.1±3.6%). However, in SW480 cells, remarkable alterations were not detected concerning these parameters. Fundamental differences were observed between the two cell lines in the case of cell cycle (HT-29: G0/1 phase dominance; SW480: S phase dominance) and global DNA methylation analysis (HT-29: 59.1±1.0; SW480: 49.0±0.2), but exposing them to different FA doses did not lead to significant changes. Gene expression alterations were more diverse, as genes involved in carcinogenesis were either up- (HES1, SLC7A11) or downregulated (CCL2) for FA supplementation. We concluded that the effect of FA was considerably influenced by the cell type and the applied FA concentration. Thereby, translating our in vitro results to patient care, we would emphasize the importance of genetic and epigenetic investigations coupled with the choice of proper FA dose upon CRC diagnosis to achieve the best disease outcome.
 Citation Format: Sára Zsigrai, Alexandra Kalmár, Barbara Kinga Barták, Zsófia Brigitta Nagy, Krisztina Andrea Szigeti, Gábor Valcz, Titanilla Dankó, Anna Sebestyén, Gábor Barna, Zsolt Tulassay, Péter Igaz, István Takács, Béla Molnár. Folic acid has a cell type- and dose-dependent effect on the genome and the epigenome of colorectal cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3730.


Objective: To understand a four-year college students in a college physical health situation, propose measures to improve physical health. Methods: The four-year university college for the survey, by referring to the physical testing center in 2013 to record data in a four-year college students physical fitness test, analyze and research. Then take the stratified random sampling method( with grades of stratification criteria, three classes for each grade were randomly selected as a sample) to study the factors that may affect the physical health questionnaire, 500 questionnaires were distributed. Results: The school students' physical fitness pass rate of 55.1%, of which 29.6% pass level overall, a good level of 24.5% overall, excellent overall level of only 1.0 %. From freshman to senior school students to participate in daily physical exercise appeared to reduce the trend in one hour and above, on the whole; doing physical exercise for less than a month the proportion of students from freshman to senior daily average to most, and the number of a rising trend. Conclusion: The students overall poor physical health status, should cause great concern, and take active preventive interventions targeted to improve the physical health of its students.


A family business is usually managed and run by family members to form and pursue a business vision that will ensure continuity across generations. Subsequently, this study aims to scrutinize and inspect the effect of Islamic work ethics on affective commitment and employee performance. Out of 273 questionnaires that were disseminated to employees of family businesses in Pati, Batang, and Demak districts of Central Java, Indonesia, 147 were filled out and completed questionnaires, reflecting a response rate of 53.8%. Based on the results from the structural equation modeling from AMOS 21, Islamic work ethics were confirmed to be positively and significantly associated with affective commitment and employee performance. The affective commitment was also positively and significantly related to employee performance. Consequently, this study will contribute to expanding the literature on the association between Islamic work ethics, affective commitment, and employee performance in Indonesian family businesses.


Physical therapy (PT) had evolved through an ongoing paradigm shift towards evidence-informed practice in all aspects of clinical practice, academic education, scientific research and professional administration, which warranted the fundamental role of clinical expertise in clinical decision making through clinical reasoning for individualizing therapy for patient evaluation and intervention. The objective of this editorial was to
provide the evidence base for clinical reasoning in PT and application of script concordance test for evaluating clinical reasoning among PTs.


1. It has been suggested that carbon tetrachloride damages rat liver by accelerating processes of lipid peroxidation at subcellular sites and that the protective action of vitamin E is due to its functioning as an antioxidant in vivo. Direct evidence for these mechanisms in vivo has been sought and is critically examined. 2. The increased production of malondialdehyde by rat liver microsomal fractions during incubation with CCl4 was shown to be a function of the vitamin E status of the rat and of an in vitro reaction, which could not be correlated with the hepatotoxic action of CCI4. 3. Evidence for the production of lipid peroxides by CCl4 in the livers of vitamin E-deficient and vitamin E-supplemented rats was sought (I) by measurement of ultraviolet spectral changes ('diene' formation) and (2) by direct micro-iodimetric determination of the peroxide. No differences in peroxide content were found between CC14-treated and control rats, nor were the spectrophotometric changes in the ultraviolet region related to the presence of vitamin E. 4. The effect of CCI4 (2.0 ml/kg orally) on ATP levels in rat liver was studied at intervals from 3 to 68 h. The primary lesion leading to necrosis and fat accumulation after CCl4 treatment occurred many hours before the eventual slight decline in ATP. Although the levels of ATP were somewhat higher in vitamin E-deficient rats, vitamin E did not prevent the slight decline in ATP that took place. Since ATP is known to be highly sensitive to peroxidation, the results suggest that lipid peroxidation is not the primary event in CCl4 poisoning. 5. The effect of CC14on the metabolism of [14C]D-α-tocopherol in the rat was studied. A single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (2.0 m/kg) did not increase the destruction of α-tocopherol in the liver or carcass after 24 h. Three smaller daily doses of CC14 (0.25 ml/kg) also did not increase α-tocopherol catabolism; on the contrary, significantly more α-tocopherol was found in the livers of rats treated with CCI4. These results suggest that CCl4 does not increase lipid peroxidation in vivo.


The specific objective of the study is to analyse the adoption of improved varieties and the changes in characteristics of varieties across China. It also estimates the contribution of varietal improvement to rice production in China. The results indicated that the story of rice improvement over the past 50 years stood as an enormous success. Nearly 30% of the net gain in rice production came from varietal improvement. Compared with the beginning of the 1980s, the numbers of released varieties have increased by 1.5 times, the share of total rice area planted to varieties with resistances,10%, and the planting area of high-quality varieties, 50%. However, the declining contribution of varietal improvement since 1997 means that governments should encourage breeders to explore elite germplasm, improve breeding level, and enhance yield so that varietal improvement can contribute greater to rice production.


CV.Adijaya Supplier company is engaged in the sale of imported and local food raw materials for the needs of hotels, restaurants and bakeries abbreviated as horecaba since 2012 until now. The company sells goods from importers for resale both for sale to individuals and large parties. The goods sold are imported goods from abroad and within the country. This study is designed to determine, both partially and simultaneously on purchasing decisions, how much influence Electronic Word Of Mouth and consumer involvement have in influencing purchasing decisions. Descriptive methods and associative methods will be applied to the research conducted in this study. The sample in this study amounted to 163 respondents. Sampling using Probability Sampling. Testing the validation and reliability of research instruments is also carried out in the analysis method using a number of linear regression analyses. Based on the results of the study, there is an influence of the external variables Electronic Word of Mouth and Consumer Engagement on the endogenous variables of Purchasing Decisions partially and simultaneously. Other factors that have not been studied in this study explain the magnitude of the influence of the work environment and education on performance, namely R2 x 100%7 of 66.7.7% and 33.3% respectively


The demand for new bio instruments requiring higher capacities, data rates and different operating modes have motivated the development of new generation multi-standard wireless transceivers. In multi-standard design, sigma-delta based ADC is one of the most fashionable choices. A reconfigurable cascade sigma delta modulator has been presented on the system level. The modulator was based on single-bit quantizers and utilized feed-forward path to increase the dynamic range. The double-sampling technique was adopted to improve the over-sampling ratio (OSR) over a wide bandwidth range. The loop order and OSR were reconfigurable to meet the requirements of a wide range of standards. The modulator performance were modeled and analyzed in MATLAB/ SIMULINK for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / Bluetooth / Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) communication standards. The proposed modulator fulfills the performance requirements of biological devices.


Mothes`mass game, titled "The Power of Mothers", was performed on the Field of Daegu Civil Ground by 660 members of Daegu city for a prelude to the 56th National Athletic Meet Oct. 7. 1975. The authors, the leaders of mothers` mass game, made a study of it. The results were as follows. 1. 95.83 Percent of the mothers say that their dancing education has been very helpful during the performance. It shows the mass game of mothers has much to do with the education of dancing in their highschool days and the education of dancing in highschools must be strengthened 2. 94.47 percent of mothers say that the mass game is very valuable as recreation. It shows the mothers` mass game would be an essential part for their leisure time activities. 3. Results from the study show that the strain, discontent, or uneasiness of household in spiritual aspect has diminished. Especially 91.47 Percent of them have gained will and confidence to face every situation, and 94.76 percent of them have sprung up co-operation. It shows that mothers` mass game has a good effect on their refinement of emotion although the mass game hasn`t great effect upon the removae of physical obstacle in menopause. 4. Results from the study show that dissention was prevailed in home and society during the training process but benevolent effect was accomplished after wards. It reflects that educational and sound mass game of mothers can result in a food reaction.


The retrieval of land surface emissivity from microwave radiometric measurements is useful for monitoring the surface properties without being affected by the contribution of the atmosphere, which can be significant at higher frequencies. It is based on the inversion of the radiative transfer equation, assuming the absence of scattering phenomena. In this work, a method to improve the accuracy of the emissivity estimates through the removal of the effects of the atmosphere from the radiometric data and through the consideration of the surface elevation information is proposed. We have used the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) observations over Italy throughout 1995. The atmospheric parameters have been derived from the NCEP vertical profiles, whilst the presence of clouds has been detected through METEOSAT images co-located with the SSM/I ones. The data provided by a digital elevation model (DEM) have been also exploited. Monthly average maps of microwave emissivity relative to a geographical area including Italy have been produced to assess the whole estimation procedure, as well as to give examples of monitoring the seasonal trend of this parameter in a mountainous zone (Alps) and in a flat area (Po Plain).


ABSTRACT Formic acid is a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Metal and metal-complex catalysts are known to catalyze the hydrogen production from formic acid and hydrogen transfer reactions with formic acid as a hydrogen donor. In this review, we will show that heterogeneous catalysts with single metal atoms are promising for these reactions. The main emphasis is done to the catalysts with single atoms stabilized by pyridinic nitrogen atoms on the edge or vacancy sites of graphene sheets. The activity of the catalysts containing these sites often exceeds that of the catalysts with nanoparticles. We consider application of different physical methods and density functional theory calculations to establish the nature of single-atom active sites and reaction mechanism. Coordination of these sites significantly affects their performance in the mentioned reactions. This review could be useful for development of novel efficient catalysts.


The Grignard reactions of 1-phthalazine-(V-0), 2-quinoxaline (VI-0), and 4-cinnolinecarbonitrile (VII-0) were carried out. Grignard reagent used in this study was as follows ; phenylmagnesium bromide, benzylmagnesium chloride, isopropylmagnesium bromide, ethylmagnesium bromide, and methylmagnesium iodide. When a mixture of V-0 and Grignard reagent in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was refluxed for 3 hr, 1-alkylphthalazine (Va), 4-alkyl-3, 4-dihydro-1-phthalazinecarbonitrile (Vc), 4-alkyl-1-phthalazinecarbonitrile (Vc'), 2-alkyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone (Vd), and 4-alkyl-3, 4-dihydro-3-(1-phthalazinyl)-1-phthalazinecarbonitrile (Ve) were formed together with 1-benzoylphthalazine (Vb-1), 1, 4-diethyl-phthalazine (Vf-4), 1, 2-dihydro-1, 1, 2-triethyl-phthalazine (Vg-4), and 3, 4-dimethyl-3, 4-dihydro-1-phthalazinecarbonitrile (Vh-5), although the yields of all products were small. The reaction of VI-0 in THF carried out under the same conditions as V-0 gave 2-alkylquinoxaline (VIa), 2-acylquinoxaline (VI-b), 3-alkyl-3, 4-dihydro-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile (VIc), 3-alkyl-2-quinoxalinecarbonitrile (VIc'), and 1-alkyl-2 (1H)-quinoxalinone (VId) together with 2, 2' : 3', 2"-terquinoxaline (VIi), in very small yields. The reaction of VII-0 with phenylmagnesium bromide and methylmagnesium iodide in benzene gave only d type of the compound (1-phenyl-(VIId-1), and 1-methyl-4 (1H)-cinnolinone (VIId-5)), and did not isolate other type of the compound. These, a, b, and c type of the compounds were expected reaction products, and other, c', d, e, f, g, and h type of the compounds were unexpected products. Especially, e type of the compound was the product peculiar to the Grignard reaction of V-0, and d type of the compound was characteristic product of the Grignard reactions of the cyanobenzodiazines except 4-quinazolinecarbonitrile (IV-0) giving only a type of the compound. The possible mechanisms of the formations of a, b, c, c', d, and e type of the compounds were proposed.


Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the constituents of Pyrolusitum, which was used to eliminate static blood and inflammation, to establish the basis of clinical application.
Methods: Qualitative analysis was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) using the sample as a powder, and the elemental content of granular sample was measured by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). 1 M hydrochloric acid and 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to observe the changing shape, respectively.
Results: Qualitative analysis by XRD revealed that the Pyrolusitum samples used in the study contained quarts and kaolinite. Quantitative analysis by XRF revealed that the manganese content in the samples used in the study was 6.16% on average, while iron was contained the highest amount of 22.99%. The minor constituents include 1.08% of titanium, 0.30% of barium, 0.18% of lead, 0.06% of zirconium, 0.05% of chromium, 0.04% of zinc, 0.03% of cadnium, 0.02% of nickel, 0.01% of arsenic, 0.01% of copper, 0.01% of rubidium, 0.01% of strontium, 0.00% of molybdenum, respectively. And cobalt, which is reported to be a constituent of Pyrolusitum, was not detected at all in the samples of the study. Pyrolusitum was dissolved in dark brown when it was put into 1 M hydrochlorid acid, and there was brown precipitate when sodium hydroxide solution was added to Pyrolusitum and stirred.
Conclusions: It was found that manganese and iron were the major constituents of Pyrolusitum, and it could be identified by using concentrated hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.


In this paper, we show that the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increased presence within an interactive system pushes designers to rethink the way in which AI and its users interact and to highlight users' feelings towards AI. For novice designers, it is crucial to acknowledge that both the user and artificial intelligence possess decision-making capabilities. Such a process may involve mediation between humans and artificial intelligence. This process should also consider the mutual learning that can occur between the two entities over time. Therefore, we explain how to adapt the Human-Centered Design (HCD) process to give centrality to AI as the user, further empowering the interactive system, and to adapt the interaction design to the actual capabilities, limitations, and potentialities of AI. This is to encourage designers to explore the interactions between AI and humans and focus on the potential user experience. We achieve such centrality by extracting and formalizing a new category of AI requirements. We have provocatively named this extension: "Intelligence-Centered". A design workshop with MsC HCI students was carried out as a case study supporting this change of perspective in design.


The present invention provides a suspension system and a method for control of the motion of a piston in a shock absorber housing. The suspension system comprises: a piston; a hydraulic motor, which comprises a first port in communication with fluid of compressed volume and a second port in communication with fluid of expansion volume; a generator, operatively coupled to the hydraulic motor, wherein, in a first operation state, the generator is driven as an electric motor so that the hydraulic motor is operated as a hydraulic pump to apply a main power to the piston, and in the second operating state, the generator resists the movement so that the hydraulic motor can apply a damping force to the piston.


ABSTRACT The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) went into meltdown after being hit by a large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. Measuring and understanding the distribution of radioactive contamination inside the FDNPS is essential for decommissioning work, reducing exposure to workers, and ensuring decontamination. This paper reports the visualization tests of radioactive contamination in the Unit 1/2 exhaust stack of the FDNPS using a compact Compton camera. Fixed-point measurements were conducted using only a Compton camera and moving measurements using an integrated radiation imaging system (iRIS) that combines a Compton camera with a simultaneous localization and mapping device. For the moving measurements, an operator carrying the iRIS acquires data continuously while walking in a passage near the stack. With both types of measurements, high-intensity contamination was detected at the base of the stack, and detailed three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the contamination was obtained from the moving measurement. The fixed-point measurements estimated the source intensity of the contamination from the reconstructed contamination image acquired by the Compton camera. Furthermore, workers can experience the work environment before actual work by importing a 3D structure model into a virtual reality system displaying the contamination image.


A set of suggested methodologies for appraisal of Wider Economic Benefits was published by the UK Department for Transport covering a range of welfare and GDP benefits including Agglomeration Economies increases in productivity resulting from higher densities of employment; More people working the increase in output arising from better transport encouraging more people into work; Move to more productive jobs the increase in productivity identified as resulting from jobs relocating into higher productivity areas; Increased output in imperfectly competitive markets the increase in production expected to result from transport improvements; Increased competition benefits arising from increased competition as a result of transport improvements and the Wider benefits from the exchequer consequences of the GDP related effects. MVA Consultancy and David Simmonds Consultancy were commissioned to undertake a study of these wider economic impacts of transport interventions using a land-use and transport interaction model in combination with the DfT's new method for identifying and quantifying wider economic impacts. The aim of the study was to look at the likely impacts of a range of transport interventions, with a view to helping to draw some broad conclusions as to which interventions given particular characteristics of the area are likely to provide an effective contribution to the economy. This paper presents the Wider Economic Benefit methodology, describes the South and West Yorkshire Strategic Model a Land-Use Transport Interaction Model used in this study, and reports on the results obtained.


With the constant enlargement of the scope and coverage of the Internet, the traditional search algorithms just help to filter data, without considering the needs of individuals. Therefore, various recommender systems employing different data representations and recommendation methods are currently used to cope with these challenges. In this paper, inspired by the network-based user-item rating matrix, we introduce an improved algorithm which combines the similarity of items with a dynamic resource allocation process. To demonstrate its accuracy and usefulness, this paper compares the proposed algorithm with collaborative filtering algorithm using data from MovieLens, and finally verifies the results. The evaluation shows that, the improved recommendation algorithm based on graph model achieves more accurate predictions and more reasonable recommendation than collaborative filtering algorithm or the basic graph model algorithm does. Meanwhile, the algorithm can effectively mitigate the sparse of the rating matrix. Keywords-recommender systems;graph model; collaborative filtering; resource allocation matrix


In the condensed excitonic phase of intermediate valent TmSe 0 . 4 5 Te 0 . 5 5 the thermodynamic properties have been measured. The heat conductivity and the thermal diffusivity have been obtained between 300 K and 1.5 K and between ambient pressure and 17 khar (1.7 GPa), as a first experiment of its kind. Pressure and temperature are used to navigate in three different phases of the material, the intermediate valent semiconducting phase, the condensed excitonic phase, and the intermediate valent metallic phase. In the condensed excitonic phase the heat conductivity λ increases strongly below about 20 K, suggesting a superfluid phase for the lowest temperatures. In a solid under equilibrium conditions this has never been seen before. Also the thermal diffusivity a strongly increases below 20 K, giving evidence for second sound. The quotient λ/ρa represents the specific heat, which thus can be calculated, for the first time as a function of pressure. When entering the condensed excitonic phase under pressure and from high temperatures (100 K-250 K), the Dulong-Petit value of the specific heat drops precipitously to about half its value. Also this phenomenon is unprecedented. The entropy has been calculated from the heat capacity and the Debye temperature has been obtained as a function of pressure. In addition the longitudinal sound velocity has been measured under pressure and as a function of temperature. Entering the excitonic phase the sound velocity drastically increases by about a factor 2.


A technique is used which transforms the curvilinear varying melt region into a rectangular one with fixed boundaries. A detailed finite-difference approximation of the resulting generalized transformed equation is presented. This method is applied to the case of a solid substance melting in closed and open quadratic cross-section cavities with isothermal heating of the side surfaces. Some aspects of the method and calculation results are discussed


The interaction of supernova shocks and interstellar clouds is an important astrophysical phenomenon which can lead to mass stripping (transfer of material from cloud to surrounding flow, "mass loading" the flow) and possibly increase the compression in the cloud to high enough densities to trigger star formation. Our experiments attempt to simulate and quantify the mass stripping as it occurs when a shock passes through interstellar clouds. We drive a strong shock (and blast wave) using 5 kJ of the 30 kJ Omega laser into a cylinder filled with low-density foam with an embedded 120 μm Al sphere simulating an interstellar cloud. The density ratio between Al and foam is ~9. Time-resolved X-ray radiographs show the cloud getting compressed by the shock (t ≈ 5 ns), undergoing a classical Kelvin-Helmholtz roll-up (12 ns) followed by a Widnall instability (30 ns), an inherently three-dimensional effect that breaks the two-dimensional symmetry of the experiment. Material is continuously being stripped from the cloud at a rate which is shown to be considerably larger than what is predicted by laminar models for mass stripping; the cloud is fully stripped by 80-100 ns, 10 times faster than the laminar model. We present a new model for turbulent mass stripping that agrees with the observed rate and that should scale to astrophysical conditions, which occur at even higher Reynolds numbers than the current experiment.


Two kinds of hot-pressed and cold-pressed boronated graphites, of which boron contents are 3wt%and 30wt%, were irradiated up to a maximum neutron fluence 2×1025n/m2 (E>29fJ) at 550-1070°Cin the JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor).Irradiation-induced changes in length, thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity were measured after the irradiation. The changes depended on the direction measured and the fabrication method inaddition to irradiation conditions. Thermal conductivity decreased and its temperature dependence changed after the irradiation.


hysician assistants (PAs) are health care professionals licensed to practice medicine under physician supervision. The PA profession has become well- established in the United States (Table 1). Currently, more than 35,000 PAs practice in the United States and its surrounding territories, with legislation to practice in all but one state. 1 PAs are increasingly common in hospitals and outpatient settings where they take medical histories, perform physical examinations, order and interpret laboratory tests, diagnose and treat illnesses, assist in surgery, and counsel patients. 2 A PA may also be referred to as a physician extender or midlevel provider. Nurse practitioners (Sidebar) are included in the classification of physician extenders as well. However, this article focuses specifically on the PA's educational background, employment opportunities and responsibilities, and the collaboration between the physician and PA. Regulatory requirements and reimbursement and professional liability issues are also discussed. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND


Science fiction is that demonic creature lurking in the depths of every human subconscious waiting for the chance to emerge and destroy, with ecstasy, mankind's literary taste. It condemns the reader to an endless array of spaceships, hyperdrive, alternate universes, and alien beings — the really fun things in life. Unfortunately, not all readers or critics hold this view. To many literary critics, science fiction is something to keep in the closet, ignore, and generally not discuss in front of frail women or young children.


Extensive epidemiological, virological, and clinical studies have been carried out in Czechoslovakia since 1957, when mass vaccination against poliomyelitis was initiated in this country. At first, following antibody surveys in various regions, Salk-type vaccine was given, and the effectiveness of this procedure was evaluated by means of serological surveys (Skovrinek et al., 1958a, 1958b; Zdcek et al., 1960, 1961). A field trial with oral vaccine was begun in 1958-9, using Sabin's strains of attenuated polioviruses (Skovranek and Zcek, 1959, 1960; Skovrdnek, 1960a, 1960b; Zd,ek et al., 1960, 1961) ; based on the success of this project, a nation-wide oral vaccination campaign was carried out in 1960. Preliminary results of virological and serological studies made in connexion with the administration of live attenuated virus vaccine have been published elsewhere (9kovrdnek, 1961 ; Skovranek and 2Aek, 1961); it is the purpose of the present communication to summarize our recent experiences, with emphasis on serological results using different dosage schedules, and virological surveillance to determine how long attenuated polioviruses persist in communities in which large-scale oral vaccination has been carried out.


art exact algorithms suffer from relatively poor performances. On the other hand the problem has been successfully tackled by local search heuristic algorithms where the neighborhood of a solution is usually computed by applying swap (a.k.a. pairwise interchange) operators to the working sequence. Dynasearch is a neighborhood search technique introduced by Congram et al. [1] whose main feature is the ability of searching exponential size neighborhoods in polynomial time by exploiting problem structure. To the authors' knowledge, the implementation of the so-called iterated


ABSTRACT This article describes the findings of a qualitative investigation that provide some of the first detailed information from the caregiver's perspective about utilizing hippotherapy for children with a wide range of needs. In contrast to prior studies that focused primarily on the benefits of hippotherapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this study included children with a broader range of congenital disorders, developmental disabilities, and medical issues. Many research studies have looked at the benefits of hippotherapy for those with CP and ASD. There is limited research on the impact of this form of therapy on various other childhood diseases or disorders. This multiple case study identified patterns of caregivers' responses to semi-structured interview questions as to the impact of hippotherapy on their children. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 11 caregivers. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews identified four themes; caregiver life concerns for their children, benefits of hippotherapy, quality of life improvements, and use of other therapies. The findings of this study represent a valuable first step in gaining a better understanding of the benefits of hippotherapy for these children. They are consistent with and expand upon findings of earlier studies that found therapeutic benefits for children with ASD and CP who participated in hippotherapy.


Aedes sp mosquito acts as disease vector Dengue Hemmoragic Fever, Filariasis, Yellow fever and Chikungunya fever. Mosquito control has been done by using chemically and natural substances as repellent to mosquitoes. The research was experimental laboratory, with true experimentalpost test only control group design. The rosemary leaves extract has been made in chemical Laboratory UMM on September 2008. The research has been done in Insecticide Test
Laboratory Disease Reservoir Vector Research Centre Salatiga, Centre Java during December 2008. Rosemary leaves were tested in the form of extract with 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% concentration. The sample were female mosquitoes reared in the Laboratory Disease Reservoir Vector Research Centre Salatiga, Centre Java. The test was done by entering
alternately treated and control hands into the 6 repellent test cages, each contains 50 mosquitoes, then mosquitoes alighting were counted on every five minutes during two hours. The results were analysed by using one way ANOVA test and followed by correlation and regression test.
One hundred % concentration has most effective protection power up to 89,55%. The lowest repellent effect 50% concentration has protection power up to 20,89%. EC 50% was
concentration of 65,65%. The conclusion: Rosemary leaves extract has protection power torefuse alighting Aedes sp in each extract concentration that has been given. Suggestion: To minimize evaporation of Rosemary leaves extract the application should be done as soon as possible in further research.


Abstract An N95 respirator ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and reuse program was rapidly implemented at an academic health system in the United States during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This process continues to be a safe and effective way to slow the consumption rate of N95 respirators.


Spacecraft are traditionally commanded using linear sequences of time-based commands. Linear sequences work fairly well, but they are difficult and expensive to generate, and are usually not capable of responding to contingencies. Any anomalous behavior while executing a linear sequence generally results in the spacecraft entering a safe mode. Critical sequences like orbit insertions which must be able to respond to faults without going into safe mode are particularly difficult to design and verify. The effort needed to generate command sequences can be reduced by extending the vocabulary of sequences to include more sophisticated control constructs. The simplest extensions are conditionals and loops. Adding these constructs would make a sequencing language look more or less like a traditional programming language or scripting language, and would come with all the difficulties associated with such a language. In particular, verifying the correctness of a sequence would be tantamount to verifying the corre...


1. Essential hypertension occurs in people with an underlying genetic predisposition who subject themselves to adverse environmental influences. The number of genes involved is unknown, as is the extent to which each contributes to final blood pressure and the severity of the disease.


Stellar bars are important for the secular evolution of disk galaxies because they can drive gas into the galactic central regions. To investigate the star formation properties in barred galaxies, we presented a multi-wavelength study of two barred galaxies: NGC 2903 and NGC 7080. We performed the three-component bulge-disk-bar decomposition using the 3.6 μm images, and identified the bulges in the two galaxies as pseudobulges. Based on the narrowband Hα images, the star formation clumps were identified and analyzed. The clumps in the bulge regions have the highest surface densities of star formation rates in both galaxies, while the star formation activities in the bar of NGC 2903 are more intense than those in the bar of NGC 7080. Finally, we compared our results with the scenario of bar-driven secular evolution in previous studies, and discussed the possible evolutionary stages of the two galaxies.


Lignocellulosic biomass, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is an abundant and renewable resource that can be used in the production of bio-based fuels and chemicals [1].The recalcitrant nature of cellulose, which is guarded by hemicellulose and lignin, makes enzymatic conversion a challenge [2]. This puts emphasis on the value of developing an effective pretreatment to remove the lignin and solubilize the hemicellulose while preserving the maximum amount of sugars [3-7]. Among all types of pretreatments, ammonia-based pretreatments allow for the removal of lignin and for the preservation of the polymeric sugars [2,8]. However, harsh pretreatment conditions can promote the degradation of the lignocellulosic components. These results in the generation of non-sugar compounds (e.g., organic acids, phenolic compounds, furaldehydes) and their presence in the hydrolysates can have inhibitory effects on downstream processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentations [9]. Under severe pretreatment conditions, degradation of pentose and hexose sugars results in the formation of 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), respectively [10]. Furfural can further degrade into formic and levulinic acids, and 5-HMF into formic acid [9]. Acetic acid can be generated from the hydrolysis of acetyl groups found in the hemicellulose. Phenolic compounds (e.g., gallic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, coumaric, sinapic, trans-cinnamic) can be released from the partial degradation of lignin [11]. Under oxidative conditions, phenolic compounds can further oxidize into organic acids [11]. In addition to pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis also contributes to the formation and release of trapped lignocellulosic oligosaccharides, aliphatic and organic acids as well as furan derivatives and phenolic compounds [12-14]. Abstract


Traditionally video were analyzed manually, however this costs valuable time. To sustain increasing growth of video data, there is an emerging demand. Therefore it is necessary to have an approach to make the video analysis task faster and automatically. Automatic video summarization is about extracting important events from original video to produce general summaries for the most important moments by interest. One way for creating a video summary is by extracting the features and then selecting key frames from these segment. Even though this approach is used for automatic video summarization, user cannot retrieve video intuitively, based on high level concepts. To solve this type of problem, event detection based video summarization is proposed in this paper. Proposed event detection approach aims to extract high level events like goal, player exchange and other types using Bayesian network.