As the title states, this book considers good practice in the accreditationof prior learning, both APL and APEL. The authors de® ne APL as the accreditation of certi® cated or organized learning,and APEL as the accreditation of uncerti® cated,experiential learning. They further discuss APEL in terms of incidental prior learning which may be gained through leisure pursuits, family experiences, and unstructured work experienced ± learning which is seldom certi® cated. They argue that the assessment of both forms of prior learning should focus on learning rather than experience, and outcome rather than process. Credit can only be for learning that has taken place, rather than just experience or ` time served ' , and the candidate must provide tangible evidence so that assessors can use it alone or in conjunction with other evidence for the purposes of awarding credits. They accept that the way candidates may gather and submit evidence to support their claim will be diÚ erent. Under APL the evidence may only be the production of relevant certi® cates as well as syllabus or module outlines, whereas an APEL claim is likely to rely heavily on the production of a portfolio of material which should be matched to the stated learning outcomes of a given programme or module. The authors use the term APL throughout the book to refer to general issues of assessment involved in APL and APEL, as will be done in this review. They discuss APL primarily in terms of credit being given on entry to a programme. Many of the points they make are also relevant to claims a student may make following registration, or even after a year on a programme. The book is divided into two parts. Part One concerns itself with the conceptual issues in APL, whilst the second part gives worked examples of two APL portfolios. Although Part One is not lengthy ± 65 pages ± it covers all aspects of APL. The authors consider educational contexts, the nature of evidence and compiling a portfolio, the assessment and accreditation process, quality assurance, organizational contexts, marketing and resourcing. They also discuss the evolving agenda which includes key issues such as the quali® cations framework, and academic levels. This does mean that the scope to take speci® c issues to any depth cannot be undertaken, and at times a deeper analysis and discussionof issueswould bebeen appreciated rather than ` this is the way to do it ' . However, this is not the aim of the book. This is a handbook with clear concise checklists of good practice. It could be of particular value to someone who has a responsibility for, or is reviewing, APL strategies within their own organization, or someone who has a responsibility for staÚ development. At the end of most chapters in Part One there is a useful ` good practice summary ' providing an immediate checklist. The authors propose good APL practice across vocational competence based programmes such as National Vocational Quali® cations (NVQs), vocationally orientated programmes such as General National Vocational Programmes (GNVQs) and academic degree programmes in Higher Education (HE). Again, this is a wide sweep. Although many of the structures and processes appear to relate more to Further Education (FE) than HE, there are many issues which are common, such as quality assurance. The authors are very clear in their emphasis on quality assurance. They elaborate on the key quality criteria which the assessor is looking for: validity, reliability, suæ ciency, authenticity and currency, and they stress the importance of separating the roles of APL advisor and APL assessor. They also consider institutional models for quality assurance in APL, together with academic and administrative standards. Although the book was only published in 1998, much has happened in Britain since then in the areas of further and higher education ± hinted at in the book in the ® nal chapter of Part One. There has been progress towards a quali® cations framework covering both FE and HE. This has involved consultations on the meaning and de® nition of levels ± vocational and academic ± across both FE and HE. The development of the


On the basis of quality control and assurance technology of digital manufacturing system,we need to design a online inspecting data collection and analysis system to meet the need of statistical process control.The system has two data collection channel,can accomplish manual and automatic inspection.Practice showed that the technology of online inspecting data collection can provide necessary technology support for machining quality automatic compensation in the integrated quality system.


The ever increasing demand for energy and the shortage of resources all over the world have generated interest in recycling renewable sources such as lignocelluloses which otherwise would go to waste and cause environmental pollution. Lignin is the incrustation material for cellulose and hemicellulose, therefore, cellulose and hemicellulose are not easily degraded. Recycling lignocellulosic wastes as agricultural material are benefit to everybody and everything. In order to improve ligninase and laccase production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, BKM-F-1767 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, FP 90031-SP, were compared. The ligninase activity of P. chrysosporium was maximum on day 4.5 of shaking culture at 150 rpm 2.5 cm in a back and forth cycle. The laccase activity of C. subvermispora was maximum on day 5.5 for 2% malt extract+0.1% yeast extract+0.1% Tween 20+6 mM Benzyl alcohol culture medium at stationary state.


We give a proof of the semi-classical expansion of the thermodynamic limit which works also for the double well case. This permits also the study of the splitting between the two first eigenvalues and a partial proof of a conjecture of M. Kac and C.J Thompson [Ka-Th]


In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding the aesthetic qualities of multi-touch and tactile interfaces for table-top interaction. While aesthetics has traditionally been defined as the visual appearance of an artifact, we promote a tactile aesthetics that is firmly rooted in the experience of use and interaction. Our model of tactile aesthetics comprises four distinct yet overlapping areas: 1.) Embodiment which grounds our framework within the larger philosophical context of experience. 2.) Materiality which emphasizes the importance of the physical shape, form and texture of interactive systems. 3.) Sensorial Mapping which is the creation of appropriate cross-modal relationships between touch and our other senses. 4.) Semantics of Caress which is the investigation into the meaning of touch which can then inform computational models of gesture recognition. We apply this framework to evaluate a series of tactile and multi-touch artworks and discuss how our model can benefit the design of future multi- touch systems.


Use of treated sewage water in Jordan is not a new idea. Advantages and disadvantages should be studied. However, what kind of research is then needed? We need research that integrates Gamma and Beta sciences, farmers and scientists, and the environment and agricultural production. Prototyping, a mix of experimental farm research and agronomic designing is an answer to those needs. We focused on designing, testing and improving theoretical prototypes of treated sewage water use in irrigated agriculture. Lessons, methods, techniques and recommendations gained from many experiments done on treated sewage water use in crop production in Mediterranean countries were integrated and introduced into farming methods. Farmers started the conversion process and learned how to deal with treated sewage water for irrigation. The purpose of this study is to design treated sewage water use in irrigated agriculture and to teach farmers to rely on their own skills and information. In particular, we created a situation of farm system research. Farmers had to do the job, facilitated by researchers. Farmer and facilitator tried to find a new balance between economical and socio-environmental goals.


Because Bluetooth system runs in the 2 4GHz frequency band, which is a public ISM frequency band, the security is more focused In troduce, the principle of the security mechanism based on link layer was detailedly described, an application based on Bluetooth - a Headset, was presented, which helped to verify the validity and practicability of such a mechanism


The pandemic has made many businesses out of business, one of the affected business activitiesis Sakila's printing business. Initial surveys show an average of 4.46% of production damage.The direction of this research is to control quality with statistical aids in the form of SPC. Theresults showed that this printer experienced various deviations, as evidenced by the p chart valuewhich was still outside the control limit. The graphic map showed there were 17 points outsidethe control limit. The total damage from 6 product items for a month amounted to 4543 from atotal production of 70,647. Sequentially, the worst damage was in the opaque damage 2740, thedamage was not in accordance with the layout 1008 and the damage due to being cut was 795.The factors causing the damage were workers, production machines, raw materials, workmethods and the work environment.


To examine the management and training practices of 2-year-old racehorses, cross-sectional survey data were collected from 55 racehorse trainers in the Central Districts ( n  = 15) and the Northern Districts ( n  = 40) of New Zealand during summer 2007–08. Trainers in the Northern Districts had a higher proportion of 2-year-olds in work at one time (0.31 vs. 0.22, P  = 0.001) than trainers in the Central Districts. Group S (trainers with 10–19 horses in work) had a higher proportion of 2-year-olds in work than both groups M (20–30 horses in work) and L ( ≥ 40 horses in work) (0.38 vs . 0.24 vs. 0.29, respectively, P  = 0.001). Most horses were broken prior to the start of the official 2-year-old racing year. Most trainers had a standard pattern of training, and they cited early education as the primary reason for training 2-year-olds; the primary training milestones used to evaluate the horses' training were the first training gallop and the entry in a race trial. Training programmes were geared towards 2-year-olds being ready for trialling and racing earlier in the Northern Districts than in the Central Districts. Training practices were affected more by the trainer's location than by the number of horses trained.


With the advent of global Internet connectivity, we can now work from anywhere including our bedrooms! Working from home is a convenient method of ...


The majority of a sample of 61 college students (50 women and 11 men) believed that President Clinton behaved immorally yet did not wish to see him punished. A desire for punishment was not associated with age, sex, or scores on extraversion or neuroticism.


An auto-regressive (AR) based side information (SI) generation is proposed in this paper for block based chessboard pattern Wyner-Ziv (WZ) coding, where each WZ frame is split into two sets at encoder and then encoded separately. At the decoder, one set of the WZ frame will be firstly reconstructed, and then proposed AR model is used to generate the SI of the other set, where each pixel is generated as a linear weighted summation of pixels within two square windows in the previous and following reconstructed WZ/key frames along the motion trajectory. To obtain high quality SI for the second set, reconstructed pixels in the four neighboring blocks of the first set are employed to derive accurate AR coefficients. Several experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AR model is able to improve the quality of the SI for the second set of the WZ frame, which leads to the improvement of the rate-distortion performance of the WZ coding.


A disaster creates disruption and threats to life and society, mental anguish, and leads to feelings of instability around such areas as security and safety. It causes suffering and requires assistance from experts within a structured and tested response framework. After 11 September 2001, the demarcation between disasters caused by natural hazards and terrorism virtually disappeared. The two now get treated concurrently, but there is a danger that anti-terrorism might hijack the agenda, overshadowing important work that must be done in the field of disasters caused by natural hazards. With this in mind, the Health Emergency Management Unit in South Australia was born. The unit was established for preparedness planning around the growing concerns of the potential for an impending pandemic caused by avian influenza. From those shaky beginnings, South Australia now has a dedicated and trained team. The unit provides a 24/7 health responses to planned events and unexpected incidents caused by natural or deliberate forces that may occur in the region. It also participates as part of the National Disaster Deployment Program. Currently, the unit is focused on risk reduction and increasing resilience by implementing a sound, comprehensive approach including all elements of prevention, as well as preparedness, response, and recovery strategies. The unit also provides an extensive education, training, and exercise program to health facilities across South Australia. This paper will describe the ongoing journey of the unit, how it works and interacts with all levels of health service staff and other emergency services, and some of the recent events and incidents in which it has been involved in within Australia and overseas.


The novel optical properties of holey optical fibres are reviewed, and a complete hybrid vector model for these structures is described.


In order to solve the problem about constant velocity control and the invariable tensility control system of high speed winding,a set of winding control system has been designed which is made up double CPU control system made up TMS320LF2407A from TI Corporation and N80C196 from Intel Corporation.The result shows that the system can make the winding formation smoother,and the automatical switch success rate reaches more than 99%,and the undesirable filament yarn quality rate greatly reduced.


Most of my musical activity is within the genre of improvisation. At this time I do not compose written music. I am an instant composer. In addition to this work, I have for the past 25 years performed and premiered pieces written by some of the most demanding composers (Barrett, Czernowin, Ferneyhough, Xenakis). In some cases, the pieces were written for me and contained techniques that I had developed either on the violin, viola or hardanger fiddle (Norwegian folk instrument) while improvising. The range and resonance of the three instruments gives a wonderful sonic palette to choose from. The relationship between interpreting a new composition and improvising one is interesting in the way that time and the creative processes of the performer are used. There are the circumstances where I work closely with the composer in terms of developing new musical materials and the techniques required to execute them. Then, I need to study the composition and decipher the notation before I can apply my own creative input in terms of a unique interpretation. The trajectory of a composition exists first in the composer's head, then on paper, through study and finally heard as a finished product. In an improvisation where there are no pre-set materials I have direct contact between the creative process and the final product. I choose the instrument, how I will begin, which ideas are important to the music at that time and how they will or will not develop and finally the length and ending of a piece. Daily practicing on either instrument is necessary for me to be able to immediately access a variety of techniques required to produce my musical ideas. The daily routine involves practicing scales, arpeggios from a variety of pedagogs (Flesch, Galamian, Slonimsky). I find that playing through either a Bach suite (transposed for viola) or the solo partitas and sonatas that I learned as a student keeps me in shape in order to produce the kind of music that I want to. Performing demanding compositions also has a positive effect upon my music. I continue to use some of the more unconventional techniques as part of my 'language' in my improvisational pieces so I am gathering material from this source. For example, the double-stop glissandos found in the violin and viola works of Xenakis, the complex irrational rhythms of Ferneyhough, the extended articulations (two-fingered pizzicato) found in Czernowin, or the unison double-stop with voice of Scelsi. Contemporary Music Review Vol. 25, Nos. 5/6, October/December 2006, pp. 457 – 459


Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an organism implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Despite regular immersion in antimicrobial chlorine, adolescent swimmers suffer from acne and tend to be resistant to standard therapies. Given the presence of Pseudomonas within swimming facilities, we hypothesized that "swimmer acne" is potentially driven by a different microbial mechanism. In this study, we aimed to examine the microbial dynamics of C. acnes and Pseudomonadaceae, a family of gram‐negative bacteria (includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa), in swimmers and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of acne in this population. Using fluorescence photography that measures the Coproporphyrin III (CPIII), we quantitated an absolute abundance of C. acnes present on the face of each participant pre‐ and post‐swimming. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized to assess relative abundance of the skin microbiota on each participant pre‐ and post‐swimming. 16 swimmers (8 girls and 8 boys) completed the study. Seven had acne on the face. The CPIII fluorescence levels decreased for all swimmers after 1 h of swimming (p‐value <0.001). In contrast, the relative abundance of C. acnes remained unchanged, while that of Pseudomonadaceae increased after swimming (p‐value =0.027). Comparing the relative abundances of Pseudomonadaceae before swimming, there was a significant increase in variance from the mean in acne group as compared to no acne group (p‐value <0.001). Taken together, we conclude that the skin dysbiosis resulting from repeated decolonization and colonization of C. acnes and Pseudomonadaceae, respectively, can potentially be associated with the pathogenesis of acne in swimmers.


To achieve an extraordinary hard nitriding layer on low carbon steels,a plasma nitriding process was conducted for low carbon steel with 0.2% carbon and pure iron after pack aluminizing.The low carbon steel samples were pack aluminized at 950℃ for 6h and followed by plasma nitriding at 560℃ for 8h.The aluminized layer is about 100 μm thick with a hardness of (300±10)HV0.1,which is about twice of that of the ferrite substrate.After plasma nitriding,a dark hard surface region 20μm to 40μm thick was formed on the surface and its hardness reached as high as (1300±50)HV0.1.X-ray diffraction analysis shows that aluminum nitride formed in the dark region contributes to the high hardness of the nitrided layer.


Funding information Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL [Correction updated on 31 October 2020 after first online publication.] Abstract The spatial gas distribution of poly-disperse bubbly flows depends greatly on the bubble size. To reflect the resulting polycelerity, more than two momentum balance equations (typically for the gas and liquid phases) have to be considered, as done in the multifluid approach. The inhomogeneous multiple-size group model follows this approach, also combined with a population balance model. As an alternative, in a previous work, an Eulerian quadrature-based moments method (E-QBMM) was implemented in OpenFOAM; however, only the drag force was included. In this work, different nondrag forces (lift, wall lubrication, and turbulent dispersion) are added to enable more complex test cases to be simulated. Simulation results obtained using EQBMM are compared with the classical E–E method and validated against experimental data for different test cases. The results show that there is good agreement between E-QBMM and E–E methods for mono-disperse cases, but E-QBMM can better simulate the separation and segregation of small and large bubbles.


The effects of both granular and liquid fertilizers on phytoplankton abundance and biomass under fish culture pond conditions were studied. Six fish ponds (1000 m) were designated for the experiment. Ponds were treated using granular fertilizers (GF) and liquid fertilizer (LF). The fertilization rate was 1 mg/l nitrogen and 1 mg/l phosphorous over a 10 days interval for 10 weeks. The chlorophytes, bacillariophytes and chrysophytes demonstrated a significant difference between LF and GF treatments, whereas there appeared to be no meaningful difference in terms of the population of cyanophytes and euglenophytes. Introduction A fish pond constitutes a small ecosystem that is comprised of physical-chemical factors, primary producers, consumers and detritus, with complicated ecological bonds among them. Pond fertilization implemented by fish farmers may increase phytoplankton biomass, thereby altering water transparency and conditions for other primary production development (Broyer and Curtet 2011). This tends to be followed by an increase in zooplankton prey for carp (Wurts 2004) and macro-invertebrates. Recently, there has been a renewed interest on the role of fish in food cycles and energy supply within fish ponds. The use of granular fertilizers is replacing the use of synthetic liquid fertilizers for the production of warm water fish and shrimp species in the leading fish farming countries. However, Seidavi et al. (2014) and Tizkar et al. (2014) suggested that liquid fertilizers have several advantages over the traditionally used granular inorganics. There is a lack of data comparing the relative effectiveness of liquid and granular fertilizers in earthen ponds. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of both granular and liquid fertilizers on phytoplankton abundance and biomass under fish culture earthen pond conditions. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out at the Bony Fish Hatchery Complex in Rasht, Iran (37o13'23.17"N; 49o36'18.68"E). Six fish earthen ponds (1000 m each) were designated for the experiment. The pond Nos. 1, 3 and 6 were fertilized using nitrogenous and phosphorus granular fertilizers (GF), whereas pond Nos. 2, 4 and 5 were treated with liquid fertilizer (LF). There were 2 treatments, including 3 replications per each treatment. Treatment 1 included GF and treatment 2 included LF. The ponds were equal in size and shape and each were 1.1 m deep. All of the ponds underwent similar preparations. To disinfect the farming ponds, 200 kg of quicklime was used in each pond. Water was introduced into the ponds, with water flowing through protective filtration nets. The GF involved the use of granulated triple phosphate fertilizer and urea fertilizers, whereas the LF group had a fertilization rate of 1 mg/l nitrogen and 1 mg/l of phosphorous at 10 days intervals. *Author for correspondence: . University of Nayarit. Coastal Bioengineering Laboratory. Nayarit. México. 63155. Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Rasht. Iran. Applied Scientific Higher Education Institute, Jehade-EAgriculture, Tehran, Iran.


The stomach contents and food sources of Oreochromis niloticus in the mangrove and plantation-aquaculture ecological coupling systems were analyzed by stable isotope tracing technology.Microscopic examination of the stomach content(n=120) has shown that the diet of adult O.niloticus is composed of organic detritus,benthic microalgae,plankton,litter fall,gastropods,bivalve and silt.The consumed items were different between the two habitats but consistent with the types of habitats they reside.Based on the stable isotope ratios of O.niloticus and the potential food sources,organic detritus,phytoplankton and litter fall were the most important assimilated food in mangrove decorated pond,and the contributions of them were 5%~55%,10%~40% and 15%~26%,respectively.Whereas,their contributions were 8%~64%,25%~55% and 1%~12%,respectively,in the control pond.Analysis of stomach contents and stable isotope tracing indicate that organic detritus always contributed over 50% of the food for O.niloticus in the two habitats.Our results suggest that O.niloticus are typically detritivores.Mangrove,marsh plants and phytoplankton,which are mostly grown locally in each habitat,were of minor importance in the assimilated food.


A novel palladium-catalysed direct arylation of guaiazulenes with a variety of aryl bromides is reported. Both sp(2) and sp(3) C-H bonds have been functionalised, as the nature of the cation of the base was found to allow the control of the regioselectivity of the arylation giving rise to C2 or C3 arylated guaiazulenes and also to 4-benzylguaiazulenes.


Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) emission is commonly detected in planetary nebulae (PNe), specially in objects with bipolar morphologies. New studies showed that H 2 gas is also packed in microstructures embedded in PNe of any morphological type. Despite the presence of H 2 in cometary knots being known for years, only in the last five years, much deeper imagery of PNe have revealed that H 2 also exists in other types of low-ionisation microstructures (LISs). Significant differences are found between the host PNe of cometary knots and other types of LISs, such as nebula age, central star temperature (evolutionary stage) and the absolute sizes of the microstructure itself.


Networks Financial Institute (NFI) conducted a survey (parallel to that of the Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy national survey) to generate an in-state baseline of information about Indiana high schools seniors and their level of financial management skills and education, generating a Financial Literacy Report Card. The Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy is an organization that seeks to evaluate and improve the personal financial literacy of young adults; develop, disseminate, and encourage the use of standards for grades K-12; and promote the teaching of personal finance. Jump$tart conducts a biennial survey of high school seniors nationwide to assess their financial management skills and education. NFI's research compares Indiana results to national Jump$tart 2004 results. This Financial Literacy Report Card analyzes the financial literacy levels of high school seniors from across the state. NFI administered the Jump$tart financial literacy examination to a sample of students from all regions of the state, all income levels, and in both rural and urban settings.


Stephen Adams is the founder and managing director of Magister Ltd., www.magister.eu, an information consultancy specializing in the field of patents information. The company provides project support to patent information suppliers, distributors and users, and dedicated training courses to assist in development of patent search skills. He can be reached at stephen.adams<at>magister.co.uk. T o information professionals, patents may be one of many good sources of information or may be the principal basis for a successful information business. Patents cover most areas of technology, including chemistry, life sciences, electrical engineering, computing technology, mechanical engineering and, in some countries, business methodologies. We will explore the variety of ways information professionals use patent information to support their clients' business decisions.


Objective: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) occur in familial and sporadic forms that cannot be distinguished by phenotype. Mutations in Krit1, a gene located at the CCM1 locus on chromosome 7q21, account for the majority of familial CCM cases. The authors investigated the role that mutations at the CCM1 locus play in sporadic cavernomas and the prevalence of occult familial forms among symptomatic cavernomas. Methods: The authors screened the DNA of cavernomas and adjacent normal brain tissue of 72 consecutive patients treated at the Neurosurgical Department/Ludwig-Maximilian University for mutations in Krit1. Eight of the patients had been suspected to have a mutation at CCM1, as they showed multiple cavernomas or clinically familial forms. Results: None of the patients showed a mutation at the CCM1 site, either in cavernomas or in normal brain tissue. Conclusion: Mutations in Krit1 are seldom a cause of sporadic cavernomas.


This index presents the list of Greek terms that occur in this book titled Poetry as Window and Mirror. The book sets out to chart, then, not only the well-known complexities of handling the poetic past, but especially their relation to the poetic interaction of the Hellenistic, in particular Alexandrian poets. It started out as an enquiry into the representation of "the poet" in early Hellenistic poetry, that is to say, the extant works of the Greek-speaking poets of the third century BCE.Keywords:Alexandrian poets; Greek poet; Hellenistic poetry


Redcliffe Towers, at the level where similar mollusca now exist (an occurrence which may, however, be due to a recent mixing of deposits), the author pointed out that as the coast is known to have undergone no change of level for nearly 2000 years, it is unlikely that it can have been raised forty feet, and again depressed to the same extent, since the beginning of the Bronze period, not more than about fifteen centuries earlier. It is more probable that the clay bed was deposited in a shallow mere or marsh, of land-water kept back by the sea-beach, which was then some hundreds of feet further to seaward, and that the forest, which consisted chiefly of willows, grew on the marsh. The mammoth tooth may have been derived from an older deposit, all other remains of mammalia obtained from the Forest-bed belonging to animals still existing.


This essay identifies a rhetoric of public theology, which is defined as theologically‐based discourse intentionally targeted for mass audiences in an attempt to influence religious and secular publics on public policy. The essay argues that a rhetoric of public theology differs markedly from that of civil religion and displays three characteristics: expedient simplicity, existential content, and action rituals. These discursive features help to account for increased church‐state tensions in contemporary society.


The effects of Bahia grass(Paspalum notatum) and its litter on dynamics of soilmoisture and water balance were studied by using Lysimeter in the slopeland of red soil.Theresults indicated that surface runoff coefficient of Bahia grass' coverage(A),Bahia grass'mulching(B) and CK(C) was 1.35%,2.78% and 32.74% respectively.Surface runoff of C was24.25 times of A and 11.78 times of B.Changing laws of monthly mean soil moisture of A,B andC showed that the effects of ground cover on soil moisture were different because of seasons andthat different ground cover could increase or decrease soil moisture.Their annual mean soilmoisture was B(27.09%)A(26.46%)C(26.27%).There were obvious differences between everygradient of water balance.On condition that precipitation was 1 808.5mm in 2002,the totalrunoff depth of A,B and C was 1 245.24mm,1 453.81mm and 1 383.23mm respectively;theirevapotranspiration was 562.74mm,347.91mm and 413.82mm respectively;their annual soilmoisture variation was 0.52 mm,6.78mm and 11.45mm respectively.


Quantitative analysis of large-scale data is often complicated by the presence of diverse subgroups, which reduce the accuracy of inferences they make on held-out data. To address the challenge of heterogeneous data analysis, we introduce DoGR, a method that discovers latent confounders by simultaneously partitioning the data into overlapping clusters (disaggregation) and modeling the behavior within them (regression). When applied to real-world data, our method discovers meaningful clusters and their characteristic behaviors, thus giving insight into group differences and their impact on the outcome of interest. By accounting for latent confounders, our framework facilitates exploratory analysis of noisy, heterogeneous data and can be used to learn predictive models that better generalize to new data. We provide the code to enable others to use DoGR within their data analytic workflows.


Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the common skin disorders which has a significant distressing effects on patients due to its chronicity, joint involvement, therapy related side effects and its impact on physical appearance.Objective: To find out impairment in quality of life among patients with psoriasis.Materials and Methods: Patients attending the Dermatology outpatient department of Gandaki Medical College were recruited for the study from December 2016 to July 2017. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to assess the psychosocial involvement.Results: Significant increase in DLQI scores depicting graver psychosocial involvement in females compared to males was observed (p=0.038). Comparison between severity of disease and DLQI scores showed a positive correlation but was not statistically significant (r=0.22 & p=0.187). When we compared the type of psoriasis with severity of disease, chronic plaque psoriasis showed significant statistical correlation (p=0.003).Conclusion: Females tend to experience significant impairment in quality of life compared to males. Further studies with more sample size are needed to consolidate or rectify our findings.


Hydrogen production using water splitting, based on a photoelectrochemical (PEC) process, has attracted considerable attention since the introduction of TiO2 photo-electrodes. A tandem PEC cell, with photo-voltages added from two photo-electrodes, is a possible solution to generate voltage high enough to split water while absorbing more light from a greater part of the solar spectrum. This paper studies some of the potential semiconductor materials that may be suitable for photo-cathode for the tandem PEC cells. The effect of electrolyte pH in changing the photo-cathode material electrochemical properties is analyzed and the effect of semiconductor corrosion property is discussed in this paper. The paper concludes by presenting the results of several semiconductors that have been tested. © 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted, innate-like T lymphocytes with tremendous antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. MAIT cells also sense and respond to viral infections in an MR1-independent fashion. However, whether they can be directly targeted in immunization strategies against viral pathogens is unknown. We addressed this question in multiple wild-type and genetically altered but clinically relevant mouse strains using several vaccine platforms against influenza viruses, poxviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), a riboflavin-based MR1 ligand of bacterial origin, can synergize with viral vaccines to expand MAIT cells in multiple tissues, reprogram them towards a pro-inflammatory MAIT1 phenotype, license them to bolster mainstream virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and potentiate heterosubtypic antiviral protection. Repeated 5-OP-RU administration did not render MAIT cells anergic, thus allowing for its inclusion in prime-boost immunization protocols. Mechanistically, tissue MAIT cell accumulation was due to their robust proliferation, as opposed to altered migratory behavior, and required viral vaccine replication competency, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and cell-autonomous type I interferon receptor signaling. Furthermore, the observed phenomenon was manifest in young and old female and male mice, and could also be recapitulated in a human cell culture system in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to replicating virions and 5-OP-RU. In conclusion, although viruses and virus-based vaccines are devoid of the riboflavin biosynthesis machinery that supplies MR1 ligands, targeting MR1 enhances the efficacy of vaccine-elicited antiviral immunity. We propose 5-OP-RU as a non-classic but potent and versatile vaccine adjuvant against respiratory viruses.


Presented in this paper is an innovative, uniform seismic protection system of masonry and infilled frame buildings created on the basis of a specifically upgraded sliding isolation system with new SF devices. The new building sliding-space flange protection system (BSSF system) represents a specific research segment of the integral research project, led by the fourth author, conducted in the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University (Skopje), during three and a half years, in the frames of the innovative NATO Science for Peace and Security Project "Seismic Upgrading of Bridges in South-East Europe by Innovative Technologies (SFP: 983828)", involving five European countries. The upgraded, seismically isolated sliding system with integrated space flange (SF) energy dissipation (ED) devices has been developed as a mechanical passive concept to provide harmonized response of building structures to strong earthquakes. It is formulated as an adaptive system, which follows the adopted concept of global optimization of seismic energy balance, through utilization of newly designed dissipation devices as a supplementary damping level to the building isolation. The new BSSF protection system is based on obligatory incorporation of the following three integrated complementary systems: (1) Sliding seismic isolation (SSI) system, (2) SF seismic energy dissipation (ED) system and (3) Earthquake displacement limiting (EDL) system. The proposed seismically resistant BSSF building system represents a qualitatively new strategy for construction of modern masonry and framed masonry buildings by applying traditional and new construction materials and providing simultaneously: (1) Full seismic safety of protected buildings, (2) Reduction of construction time, and (3) Profitable construction in seismic areas achieved by the special system characteristics.


The above quote by Immanuel Kant vividly instantiates a methodological position that has been prevalent in contemporary political philosophy at least since the publication of John Rawls' groundbreaking A Theory of Justice, in 1971 – namely, the adherence to ideal theories and rationalism as the proper way to arrive at principles of justice. This methodological stance has been conducive to the present state of affairs in political philosophy, characterized by an ongoing rationalist debate easily recognized in the endless contemporary publications in the major journals of the field.


: Dealing with distributed and parallel computing in strong heterogeneous environments, e.g., distributed sensor networks, is still a challenge at the algorithmic, communication, and application levels. Heterogeneity is related to different computer and network (communication) ar-chitectures. Virtualization can hide and unify heterogeneity. Besides inter-process communication and synchronization, the unified access and monitoring of computing nodes (devices, computers, processors) is required to handle distributed and parallel systems in a comfortable and easy-to-access manner. Especially in education, the access and control of a large set of computing nodes is difficult, which lowers the learning curve significantly. In this work, a unified distributed and parallel framework and Web tools are introduced using Virtual Machines (VM) and Web browsers to control them. The framework enables the control, monitoring, and study of distributed-parallel systems, especially addressing sensor networks and IoT networks. Nodes can be arranged in a graphical drawing world or script-based. Virtual network nodes are assigned to VM instances that can be created inside the browser using Web worker processes or can be attached to externally running VM instances via a Web control API. New VM instances or processes can be started and controlled instantly. The graphical UI provides access to the internal and external nodes, programming editors, and monitor shells. The VMs can be generic, but in this work there is a focus on JavaScript and Lua. The framework provides augmented virtuality, i.e., a coupling of physical and virtual worlds.


ABSTRACT A major oil spill impacted two-thirds of Lebanon'S shoreline in July 06 following the bombing of a power plant 30 km south of Beirut. After hostilities ceased, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded an intensive, ten-week project, in consultation with the Lebanese Ministry of Environment, to clean up several high priority sites along Lebanon'S northern coast. Many of these sites were historically and archaeologically significant, including World Heritage Site (Byblos Port) and the Phoenician Wall (over 7,000 years old). This paper will review the response in Lebanon regarding techniques for cleaning archaeological sites and methodologies for joint-monitoring by local authorities, archaeological experts, and response managers. Given the recent conflict, access to equipment and supplies at the time of the response was severely limited. Clean up options were limited to techniques utilizing the resources at hand. Further challenges were the limited time window, due to i...


Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida species. Local cell-mediated immunity (CMI), rather than systemic CMI, has recently been considered to be the predominant host defense mechanism against vaginal fungi. It appears that coordination of local Th1 and Th2 determines the susceptibility to Candida sepicies. On the other hand, humoral immunity and an innate host defense mechanism against Candida albicans in vaginal epithelial cells may also contribute to resist to VVC. Therapeutic vaccines,antibodies against candida-specific antigens and cytokines may be new immunotherapeutic strategies to control vulvovaginal candidiasis.


This paper, by means of two matrix representations of a commutative quaternion matrix, studies the relationship between the solutions of commutative quaternion equality constrained least squares (LSE) problems and that of complex and real LSE problems and derives two algebraic methods for finding the solutions of equality constrained least squares problems in commutative quaternionic theory.


As the most recent 3 km soil moisture product from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, the SMAP/Sentinel-1 L2_SM_SP product has a unique capability to provide global-scale 3 km soil moisture estimates through the fusion of radar and radiometer microwave observations. The spatial and temporal availability of this high-resolution soil moisture product depends on concurrent radar and radiometer observations which is significantly restricted by the narrow swath and low revisit schedule of the Sentinel-1 radars. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel two-layer machine learning-based framework where the brightness temperature and subsequently the soil moisture are predicted at gap areas. Combined with the transfer learning strategy, the proposed method is able to gap-fill soil moisture with higher accuracy at areas where the radiometer observations are available while the radar observations are missing. The effectiveness of the two-layer framework is validated against hold-out SMAP/Sentinel-1 3 km soil moisture estimates at three study areas with distinct climate regimes, Arizona, South Dakota, and Arkansas. Results indicate that our proposed method is able to reconstruct 3 km soil moisture at gap areas with higher Pearson correlation coefficient (mean R = 0.723/0.82/0.798, at Arizona/South Dakota/Arkansas) and lower unbiased Root Mean Square Error (mean ubRMSE = 0.029/0.029/0.08) when compared to 1) the SMAP 9 km soil moisture product (mean R = 0.471/0.765/0.523, mean ubRMSE = 0.036/0.032/0.109) and 2) the conventional one-layer machine learning model that directly downscales soil moisture from 9 km to 3 km (mean R = 0.532/0.76/0.69, mean ubRMSE = 0.036/0.033/0.092).


The toxicity of benzene is well known, and its leukemia effect has established. It is a natural constituent of crude oil and the diseases related to its exposure are recognized as occupational diseases. Objective: To assess occupational exposure of benzene to workers in an oil and gas production company. Materials and Methods: Firstly, it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study which consisted of benzene atmospheric quantification in a sample individual measurement of a homogeneous exposure group of workers. Secondly, urinary assays of S-phenylmercapturic acid have been performed at the end of the shift in the selected workers. Results: The study has included 79 (47.88%) workers, 17 atmospheric samples were usable and 79 urinary assays at the end of the shift were performed. The average benzene concentration for all sites was 10 times lower than the regulatory average exposure value (1 ppm = 3.2 mg/m3): average: 0.122 pp, median: 0.053 ppm and range: 0.019 - 1.448 ppm. All 79 urinary assays of S-phenylmercapturic acid with a biological exposure index of less than 25 μg/g creatinine: mean: 0.70 μg/g creatinine, median: 0.52 μg/g creatinine and extends: 0.23 to 6.7 μg/g creatinine. Conclusion: Exposure was below to the limit value for benzene in both atmospheric metrology and biometrology. Therefore it is an occupational group with low exposure to benzene. Thus, the medical supervision will be adapted according to the potentially exposing tasks.


Aerodigestive tract fish bones are common and often utilize significant hospital resources. Some pharyngeal fish bones can be retrieved with basic equipment thus clinicians should exhaust all simple techniques including that described in this paper.


A non-crystal soft-magnetic Fe-base alloy with high saturated magnetic induction, high rectangular ratio and high magnetic conductivity contains Fe (81-86 wt.%), Co (7-12 wt.%), Si (1-3 wt.%) and B (3-5 wt.%). Its advantages are high magnetic properties, mechanical performance and machinability.


Central Nervous System (CNS) relapse of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a devastating clinic event. Significant controversy exists however, as to whether CNS prophylaxis affects the risk of CNS relapse and if so, which patients should be offered CNS prophylaxis. To address these questions we analyzed the twenty year follow up data of SWOG 8516, a prospective randomized trial comparing CHOP (n=225 patients), MACOP-B (n= 218), ProMACE-cytaBOM (n=233), and m-BACOD (n=233) for patients with newly diagnosed intermediate or high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients that received ProMACE-cytaBOM who were bone marrow (BM) positive at baseline and BM negative after 4 cycles of treatment, received prophylactic cranial irradiation (XRT). Patients that received MACOP-B who were BM positive at baseline received intrathecal methotrexate and Ara-C (IT chemo) twice weekly for six doses. In contrast, no patient that received CHOP or m-BACOD received any CNS prophylaxis. Patient clinical characteristics were well balanced between these four arms. Results: Of the 515 patients who relapsed with documented lymphoma, 348 (68%) relapsed only in nodal areas; 167 patients (32%) had extranodal relapse, the most common site of which was the CNS (n=34, 3.8%). Among the 34 patients with CNS relapse, 31 (91%) presented with isolated CNS relapse, 2 (6%) presented with CNS and nodal relapse and 1 (3%) presented with CNS, nodal and other extranodal relapse. 97% of all CNS relapses occurred by year 2, compared to only 73% of non-CNS relapses (p= .002). Survival after CNS relapse was significantly worse compared to that of patients with non-CNS relapse (2 year estimate 9% vs. 30%, respectively; p= .002). Using logistic regression analysis, significant differences in the incidence of CNS relapse were evident in patients with > 1 extranodal sites (5.7% vs. 2.7%, p=.03) and in patients with higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores (6.3% in high IPI, 4.8% in high intermediate, 3.4% in low-intermediate and 1.6% in low IPI, p=.02). There was no evidence that patients receiving any type of CNS prophylaxis (i.e., either cranial XRT or IT chemo) had different rates of CNS relapse compared to patients who did not receive any CNS prophylaxis (5.2% vs. 3.6%, p=.40). In separate analyses, there was no evidence that patients receiving cranial XRT had different rates of CNS relapse than other patients (p=.65) and no evidence that patients receiving IT chemo had different rates of CNS relapse than other patients (p=.48). Finally, if the analysis is restricted to the 238 patients that were BM positive at diagnosis, 96 patients had CNS prophylaxis and 142 did not. The rate of CNS relapse in those patients that received CNS prophylaxis was no different than that seen in the patients that did not receive CNS prophylaxis (5.2% vs. 4.2%, p=.72). Conclusion: CNS relapse almost always occurs within 2 years of initial treatment, is usually isolated, and portends a poor prognosis. Patients with > 1 extranodal sites or those having a high IPI score have a higher incidence of CNS relapse. There is no evidence to suggest however, that CNS prophylaxis with either cranial radiation or intrathecal MTX/Ara-C decreases the risk of CNS relapse.


During the past several years, the authors have conducted experiments in the use of writing to learn (WTL) techniques in sophomore‐level engineering mechanics courses at West Virginia University (WVU). The work was a collaborative effort between a doctoral candidate in the Curriculum and Instruction Department and an Associate Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of several writing to learn strategies, assigned and completed in the Engineer's Log, which students identified as successful methods for learning. We present and discuss these strategies using sample log entries to illustrate their use and to suggest that expressive writing, or writing for the self, continues to prove itselfa successful technique for learning. Finally, we evaluate the data provided and discuss our results.


Anguillonema iranicum n. sp. is described and illustrated as the second species of this genus from Iran, based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characteristics. It is identified by a short, thin body, a continuous lip region, six lines on the lateral field, a short, thin stylet, a posteriorly located pharyngo-intestinal junction to excretory pore, the presence of a post-vulval uterine sac, vulval position at 89% (87.4-89.9%) of body length, an elongate conoid tail with a rounded to pointed tip and not dorsally bent, and common functional males with short spicules and lacking a bursa. Morphological differences between the new species and the three known species of the genus, namely A. amolensis, A. crenati and A. poligraphi, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial 18S rDNA sequence revealed that it formed a sister clade with three species of Howardula, one species of Anguillonema and one unidentified isolate. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 segment, the new species formed a clade with two isolates of Parasitylenchus. A key to identification of Anguillonema species is also presented.


The Lower Ordovician at Mount Hunneberg in the Province of Vastergotland, southwest ern Sweden contains diverse graptolite, conodont, and trilobite faunas in a stratigraphically complete suc cession. It is here proposed to adopt the Diabasbrottet section in that area as the Global Stratotype Sec tion and Point (GSSP) for the base of the second series of the Ordovician System with the boundary placed at the level of first appearance of Tetragraptus approximatus which is in the lower part of the T "'yen Shale. In this and adjacent sections, this graptolite species ranges through more than 7 m of shale and is associated with many biostratigraphic ally significant graptolite, conodont, and trilobite species. The proposed boundary level is in the Oelandodus elongatus Acodus deltatus deltatus Subzone of the Paroistodus proteus Conodont Zone, and in the lower part of the Megistaspis (P.) planilimbata Trilobite Zone. Zusammenfassung. Das Untere Ordovizium am Hunneberg in Vastergotland im siidwestlichen Schwe den enthalt artenreiche Graptolithen-, Conodontenund Trilobitenfaunen in einer stratigraphisch voll standigen Abfolge. Wir schlagen das Profil von Diabasbrottet in diesem Gebiet als "Global Stratotype Sec tion and Point" (GSSP) fiir die Basis der Zweiten Serie des Ordoviziums vor. Diese Grenze wird am ersten Auftreten des Graptolithen Tetragraptus approximatus im unteren Teil des T "'yen Schiefers definiert. In der Abfolge von Diabasbrottet und in weiteren Profilen am Hunneberg tritt T. approximatus iiber einen biostratigraphischen Bereich von mehr als 7 m zusammen mit einer reichen Graptolithen-, Conodonten und Trilobitenfauna auf. Die vorgeschlagene Grenze liegt in der Oelandodus elongatus Acodus deltatus deltatus Subzone der Paroistodus proteus Conodontenzone und im unteren Teil der Megistaspis (P.) pla nilimbata Trilobitenzone. ". Authors' addresses: J . MALETZ, Institut fiir Geologie und Palaontologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Univer sitat Greifswald, Jahnstrage 1 7a, D1 7489 Greifswald, Germany. A. LOFGREN, Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology, University of Lund, Solvegatan 1 3, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. S. M. BERGSTROM, Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, 1 55 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, Ohio 432 1 0, USA. 0078-0042 1 /96/0034-0 129 $ 7.75 © 1 996 Gebriider Borntraeger, D-1 4 1 29 Berlin' D-701 76 Stuttgart (c) 2015 www.schweizerbart.com DOI:10.1127/nos/34/1996/129


I agree with the editors in this regard and would not want to direct any particular group of readers away from their book. Perspectives were in general explored in a straightforward way, and the book seemed to me to be very successful in highlighting a wide range of potentially important challenges to narrow, lazy and unduly orthodox ways of thinking about the variable nature of the human condition in modern societies. As an educational psychologist working in England, I was most struck by Baker and Walsh's work (Chapter nine) on, "The Level-of-Functioning Arguments in Autism-related Political Discourse in Canada". I found the reference here to the rise of an "educational autism" category in the United States to be of particular interest given the nature of my own day-to-day experiences in mainstream schools in the UK.


1. A cDNA library was constructed with mRNA isolated from stage 8 Xenopus embryos. -- 2. A full length cDNA clone encoding a FGFR-1/flg gene was isolated by screening this cDNA library. It is designated XFGFR-A3. -- 3. The XFGFR-A3 clone was sequenced by dideoxynucleotide chain termination method on both strands with synthetic oligonucleotides. It is 3863 bp in length and is predicted to encode an 810 aa protein. -- 4. The XFGFR-A3 clone contains two dipeptide deletions, Val⁴²³⁻ Thr⁴²⁴ and Pro⁴⁴¹Ser⁴⁴², which are different from the published XFGFR-1 sequence ( Figure 8 ) . The Pro⁴⁴¹Ser⁴⁴² deletion has been described previously, however, this is the first report of the Val⁴²³⁻Thr⁴²⁴ deletion in Xenopus. Both dipeptide deletions result in the removal of consensus phosphorylation sites for Protein Kinase C ( PKC ) which may have consequences on intracellular signal transduction and the regulation of embryonic development. -- 5. RT-PCR results showed that XFGFR-A3 was expressed at all stages of Xenopus embryonic development. -- 6. The RNase protection experiment showed that XFGFR-A3 is a minor form of the XFGFR-1 in all stages of Xenopus embryonic development. Like the wild type XFGFR-1, XFGFR-A3 is also uniformly expressed throughout Xenopus development. -- 7. The XFGFR-A3 genomic DNA sequence covering the VT deletion region was sequenced. The VT deletion is located at an exon/intron boundary and comparison with the cDNA sequence suggests that the XFGFR-A3 variant arises from the use of an alternate 5'splice donor site. -- 8. Expression vectors containing an insert covering the VT deletion region fused to the cDNA encoding GST were constructed by using XFGFR-A2 and XFGFR-A3. A PKC assay using the purified fusion proteins products showed that Thr⁴²⁴ of XFGFR-A2 can be phosphorylated by PKC in vitro.


This study examines engineering faculty and students' views of collaboration beyond their own field, based on 12 engineering faculty interviews and a survey with 101 graduate-level mechanical engineering students. Our analysis shows that faculty members' views on collaboration exhibit more diversity in terms of crossing disciplinary, functional, organisational, and geographic boundaries, and they view this collaboration as more integrated into engineering work, professional practices, and problem-solving. Students, in turn, report a narrower scope of collaboration, primarily focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration to utilise engineering output. Our study helps inform engineering educators to integrate diverse collaboration more effectively with course design.


In the last five years or so, a growing number of large, urban school districts have moved to close what are termed "troubled" 6-8 middle schools and have opened K-8 schools in their place: Boston, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Newark, New Orleans, New York City, Oklahoma City, and Philadelphia have been among the first to do so. For example, New York City, one of the nation's largest school systems, has announced plans to eliminate two-thirds of its middle schools and replace them with K-8 or 6-12 schools (Gewertz, 2004). In Baltimore, the process has been underway for several years, and in the fall of 2004, there were more than 30 K-8 schools open in that city system. Cleveland and Cincinnati have completed the process. Chicago, of course, has always had K-8 schools, resisting the middle school movement that swept the rest of the nation. With little fervent support for its continuation, and a preference for an alternative gathering momentum in major urban American school districts, it is possible that a substantial reconfiguration of schooling for young adolescents will continue (Nussbaum, 2004).


Given the vulnerability of Latin American countries to extreme events of climatic and geophysical origin and the frequency of these events, how do local governments manage environmental and disaster risk reduction? This article contributes to the Latin American literature about environmental management and disaster risk reduction at the local level. Employing a comparative perspective, the article examines and explains the responses of Chilean municipalities and the role of municipal commitments and social capital.


The paper presents theoretical development and a system implementation of NetBeam, a framework for fully programmable, reconfigurable and distributed beamforming. NetBeam allows for joint mechanical antenna steering, grouping of a network of individual transmitter radios for specific target receivers, as well as digital beamforming that satisfies higher layer application demands. We make the following theoretical contributions: (i) We utilize, for the first time, a machine learning approach that uses Kriging for predicting antenna gains for arbitrary 3-D placements of transmitter - receiver pairs. NetBeam efficiently exploits fine-grained and accurate antenna gain predictions of the model, while estimating the uncertainty at unexplored locations through a Gaussian distribution. (ii) We allocate antennas to receivers by formulating the scenario as a bipartite graph, followed by perfect matching strategies that maximize the channel gain. (iii) We leverage the CSI computed in stage (i) to compute the optimum digital beamforming weights by trading off SINR and power consumption that meets application requirements using semidefinite optimization. Our implementation addresses many practical aspects of distributed beamforming including achieving fast frequency, time, and phase synchronization. NetBeam minimizes the gap to optimal channel gain in a 3-D space, and reduces the total transmit power up to 60%, while still managing to provide the required SINR.


The problem of the valence band structure and effective masses in III-V compounds is analysed. It is shown that the linear terms in the energy of heavy holes are of importance and cannot be neglected. The density-of-states effective mass of heavy holes is calculated as a function of the temperature and position of the Fermi level. The cyclotron-resonance effective masses are also calculated for the limiting cases of heavy holes with low and high energies. The influence of the higher bands on the nonparabolicity of the conduction and light-hole valence band is discussed. The effective mass of electrons and light holes as a function of concentration is calculated. The band parameters are determined by using the method proposed by Cardona [1].


is an oligoribonucleotide that is encoded by the human MIR520C gene and has a role in the regulation of gene expression.


This bulletin's international comparison supports concerns raised elsewhere about the future competitiveness and productivity performance of Canada's business sector compared to other developed countries. Against this background, improvements to the environment for business investment in Canada should be a priority for the federal and provincial governments. Summary Capital Investment in Canada: An International Comparison


To the Editor. —The Task Force on Organ Transplantation 1 wanted to improve matching of donors and recipients as well as access to organs by groups at special disadvantage, and thereby improve the outcome of organ transplantation. Mandatory sharing of six-antigen matches will definitely improve matching. There is also no doubt that the point system recently described by Starzl et al, 2 and adopted by the United Network for Organ Sharing as the basis for sharing organs, will improve access for disadvantaged groups and patients with medical emergencies. However, will the point system lower the national outcome results? One problem is that low-risk candidates waiting for kidneys may have to become higher risk before they have enough points to receive kidneys. Let us consider where the points come from in nationally shared kidneys. Since medical emergencies are rare, most persons are close to a transplant center, and all nationally shared


Crises of care and social reproduction have led to new debates and social movements around the world, but there has been little scholarly scrutiny in the global North on these issues as they are unfolding in China. Facing rapid population ageing and historically low birth rates, the
 Chinese government believes the country is suffering from a demographic crisis. Yet, the so-called population question is fundamentally a political one: who is bearing the brunt of biologically and socially reproducing the Chinese labour force who have fuelled the Chinese economy in the last
 four decades? As this essay unpacks, the country's long-existing urban-rural divide and the unchecked patriarchal-capitalist mode of accumulation have produced uneven consequences among different social groups, intersectionally defined by class, gender and urban/rural citizenship, and thus
 have exacerbated existing inequalities. Rural migrants and the urban poor, mostly women, have become domestic servants for urban middle-class families, at the cost of their own well-being and of their families and communities. Across social classes, Chinese women are making their voices heard
 and taking actions to protest against systemic appropriation and exploitation of their care and reproductive labour, in what is a hostile political environment. Ranging from organised protests to individuals' spontaneous complaints, 'made-in-China' feminism can shed new light on future feminist
 movements and solidarity building with feminists in the international community.


Users' search data has been useful for understanding search behavior and has been applied to improve web search. Query logs, the primary source of search data in recent information retrieval research, are limited in expressing the user's behaviors; they omit behaviors that do not hit the web server: cursor movements, scrolling, browser tab usage, text highlighting, and duration of a pageview. These actions we call 'page-level interactions'; they can be collected by search systems using client-side scripting, but this is currently not being done by web search engines. Previous studies in related fields have shown that adding additional independent data provides greater improvements than smarter algorithms. Since page-level interaction data is independent from query and click data, collecting and mining pagelevel interactions may be one direction that search engines can pursue to innovate. These interactions can supplement query logs by helping understanding user intent, disentangling interleaved queries, or providing richer user data for rare queries; they can be particularly useful especially when clicks for queries are unavailable or insufficient.


Dermatologists commonly turn to a variety of depigmenting agents and therapies for the treatment of melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation after acne, or traumatic scars and burns, according to Helen M. Torok, M.D., Medical Director, Trillium Creek Dermatology & Surgery, in Medina, Ohio.


We investigated to what extent Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries are annotated with second‐party information based on existing cross‐references between PDB and 15 other databases. We report 2 interesting findings. First, there is a clear "annotation gap" for structures less than 7 years old for secondary databases that are manually curated. Second, the examined databases overlap with each other quite well, dividing the PDB into 2 well‐annotated thirds and one poorly annotated third. Both observations should be taken into account in any study depending on the selection of protein structures by their annotation. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The author has developed a high-intensity ultrasonic sound source that converges aerial ultrasonic waves (approx. 20 kHz) radiated from a flexural vibrating circular plate into a point. This sound source is structured by combining a flexural vibrating plate with a circular flat reflecting plate and a paraboloid reflector. The sound source is characterized by its size, which is smaller than any other type of sound source due to its axial symmetry, and by its output of sound wave energy, which is boosted by increasing the radiation resistance of the vibrating plate through a combination with the circular reflecting plate. This paper discusses the principle of sound wave convergence of this sound source and the radiation resistance characteristics as observed when combined with the circular reflecting plate. The sound source was experimentally fabricated. In this case, extremely high-intensity ultrasonic sound waves of approximately 173 dB (electric input: 30 W), which were generated in free space.


This paper presents an approach for linking edge points into contour fragments, each of which is an ordered point sequence. In the problem of shape-based object detection, we investigate what characteristics of the contour fragments representation influence the detection performance. It is observed that if interest objects are represented by limited number of contour fragments, with moderate count of noisy points (not belonging to interest objects) brought in, the detection algorithm can reliably obtain interest objects. For this purpose, we propose to iteratively extract a pair of points which preserves the farthest geodesic distance in each connected component of edge map. We conduct experiments on the ETHZ dataset and compare with other typical methods for generating contour fragments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms some existing ones in object detection.


Since the beginning of the 21st century, science and technology have continuously made breakthroughs. Especially in recent years, smart terminal devices and Internet technologies have rapidly spread, and then a huge amount of electronic data has been generated. These data are collected and analyzed, and feedback is made to people's lives. Work and study have spawned the application of big data technology, which has been widely used in various fields. In the reform of college education, big data technology can analyze a large number of teaching, learning and research data of the school. The paper discusses the application of big data technology in college education, in order to improve the precision of teaching, enrich learning resources and help students'self-awareness, achieving the goal of changing the educational model of colleges and universities.


To the Editor: In their review of peginterferon and ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C, Hoofnagle and Seeff (Dec. 7 issue)1 do not include data on the association between the consumption of alcohol and both treatment response and disease progression. Level-one evidence of the deleterious effects of alcohol on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels, on the response to treatment, and on disease progression led the National Institutes of Health and the American Gastroenterological Association to issue position statements advising that "abstinence should be recommended before and during antiviral treatment . . . [since] even moderate alcohol consumption can have a deleterious effect on the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C."2,3 Alcohol consumption may explain the marked dichotomy in progression rates that cannot be explained by the HCV genotype.4 Knowledge of alcohol's effects on disease progression should provide reassurance to patients who want to alter the outcome of their disease, particularly since data for nondrinkers show a more benign course than the authors suggest.5 At a population level, targeting alcohol consumption may effectively reduce the excess deaths the authors anticipate. Anne E. Duggan, M.D. John Hunter Hospital Newcastle 2310, Australia firstname.lastname@example.com


The expression of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1 and NR2A/B) was demonstrated immunocytochemically in otolith‐related neurons within the vestibular nuclear complex and its subnuclei of conscious Sprague‐Dawley adult rats. All experimental animals were subjected to constant velocity off‐vertical axis rotation (OVAR). The rotating gravity vector during OVAR sequentially activates hair cells on all sectors of the utricular maculae; neurons so activated within the vestibular nuclei were denoted by the expression of Fos protein. Control animals, i.e., labyrinthectomized rats subjected to OVAR and normal rats that remained stationary, showed only a few sporadically scattered labeled neurons. In the brainstem of normal rats subjected to OVAR, a high density of Fos‐immunoreactive (Fos‐ir) neurons was found in the vestibular nuclear complex (namely, spinal vestibular nucleus, SpVe; medial vestibular nucleus, Mve; superior vestibular nucleus, SuVe) and subnuclei (namely, group x and group y), whereas a lower density was found in the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVe). A double‐immunofluorescence study indicated that both NR1 and NR2A/B subunits were highly expressed in Fos‐ir neurons within the vestibular nuclei. Fos/NR1 or Fos/NR2A/B double‐labeled neurons constitute over three‐quarters of the total number of Fos‐ir neurons in SpVe, MVe, LVe, SuVe, and groups x and y. Our findings suggest that NMDA‐type ionotropic glutamate receptors play a key role in the OVAR‐induced neuronal activation of the vestibular nuclei, thus providing a morphological basis for further study of glutamatergic central otolith neurons and their involvement in sensorimotor regulation and autonomic functions of rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 460:292–301, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The technologies of high-definition video and audio have advanced a great deal in recent years. Evaluation of sound systems is often done by subjective evaluation. We have analyzed the average gaze position, the head movement, and the convergent eye movements of subjects viewing high-definition moving images. By applying this result to the evaluation of sound effects, the effects of the two types of sound systems, 2-channel stereo and 5.1-channnel surround sound, were evaluated by changes in gaze distribution and head rotation angle;


The general lack of knowledge in the Australian literary world about New Zealand literature and writers is discussed. It is suggested that availability and cost issues are hindering the introduction of New Zealand literary works to Australian readers.


Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an activated sub-population of stromal fibroblast that have the ability to synthesize, deposit and remodel the extracellular matrix. They produce and secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, inflammation and contribute to drug resistance (Micke and Ostman, 2005). CAFs are abundant constituents of many epithelial tumors. Less is known about CAFs in non-epithelial cancers, such as melanoma, but in vitro data suggest similar roles in tumor development and progression (Kim et al., 2013).

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A self-pulsing oscillator transmits a pulsed signal. The time between pulses and the frequency are controlled by two networks. Variations in the component values in each of the two networks, due to environmental changes, appear as changes in frequency and time between pulses in the transmitted signal. Such a sensor is used to measure physical magnitudes.


Abstract Ray analysis techniques are standard for computing the uncollided component of a detector response to radiation. In this paper, uncollided adjoint flux integrals and forward-adjoint inner product integrals in volumes and on surfaces are derived for general geometries. In numerical test problems using a one-dimensional sphere and a two-dimensional (r-z) cylinder, deterministic and stochastic evaluations of the integrals yielded the same results. A semianalytic benchmark for the adjoint flux integral on a cylindrical surface is also used.


Irrigation area of Pandanduri is part of the irrigation system of Pandanduri
Suangi, which the main water resource is River of Palung, through the main intake of
Pandanduri Dam. Lack of water resources availability on River of Palung, especially
in dry season, cannot fulfill the water demand of several paddy fields. To solve this
problem, some ponds were constructed in the downstream of the Pandanduri
Reservoir, combined with the main channel system of Pandanduri. These ponds are
called Pond of Ujung and Pond of Lingkoq Lamun. In this research, study of water
allocation optimization to increase the farmer income was conducted to obtain the
optimal capability and reliability of the water allocation, and then would income
based on water balance in channel system of Pandanduri.
Analysis of water use optimization of Pandanduri Dam, Ujung Pond and
Lingkoq Lamun Pond was conducted using Liniear Programing Method and
combined with simulation technique of water release operation from the pond.
Simulation of Pandanduri Dam, Ujung Pond, and Lingkoq Lamun Pond operation
were conducted in 3 scenarios of discharge, first scenario using existing discharge of
2011, second scenario using reliable intake discharge of Pandanduri Dam (1992-
2010), and third scenario using water release discharge of Pandanduri Reservoir
(Abdul Azis, 2012). In each scenario these several condition were applied, first
condition is simulation without considering the return flow, second condition is
simulation by considering the return flow, and third condition is simulation by
considering the return flow and supply for Irrigation Area of Gambir (Pond of Inen
Ratu). In the calculation process, inflow that enters the pond is water excess after
fulfilling irrigation demand from the upstream area of Pandanduri.
Research result shows that the return flow value can increase the water
utilization of Pandanduri Dam. Using the planting system of paddy-paddy/cropscrops,
planting intensity in 200% (existing condition), and discharge value of 2011,
the reliability of Ujung Pond and Lingkoq Lamun Pond with initial planting on
January are 100%, and the value of k factor for each pond are 1,00. While for the
designed condition using planting system of paddy-paddy/crops-crops and planting
intensity in 300%, simulation was conducted using water release data of Pandanduri
Reservoir and initial planting on October, the reliability of Ujung Pond and Lingkoq
Lamun Pond are 100% and 87.50%, and the k factor of each pond are 1,00 and 0,91.
The profit from the optimization are increasing of farmer net income in amount of
23.14% compare to the existing income.


There are many beauty products circulating in the market, therefore good marketing management is needed so that it can improve optimal purchasing decisions to achieve company goals. To achieve maximum purchase decisions, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of beauty influencers and product quality. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of beauty influencers and product quality on purchasing decisions for Garnier facial wash products in Surabaya. The population used is consumers who use Garnier facial wash. Determination of the sample through purposive sampling technique, to obtain 77 respondents. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires through google forms, then processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique. The results showed that beauty influencers and product quality had a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions.


The basic principle of case-based reasoning for fault diagnosis is introduced into self-propelled gun system's fault diagnosis field.A case-based self-propelled gun fault diagnosis expert system is established.The system consists of case expression,searching,amending and learning system.Its example shows the information such as the fault diagnosis time part,diagnosis object,alarming position,and the example features.The fault initial situation is stored as the situation set.The fault diagnosis calculation is stored as the calculation set.The fault maintenance project expresses the fault maintenance project.


Objective: Recent studies indicate an increase in referral of patients to Iranian traditional medicine.The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of patients receiving traditional medicine with control group received modern medicine. Material and Methods: This was a case–control study.  Totally 202 patients (100 routine and 102 traditional medicine) enrolled. For all of them a questionnaire was filled. Questionnaire consisted of questions about demographic information, motivational advantages and disadvantages of their received medicine Results: In 65.7% in traditional group expressed their satisfaction high or very high this rate was 31% in routine practice. Mean disease duration was 61/5 and 22/3 months in traditional and modern medicine respectively. This difference was significant. In both groups, the most frequent motivation of patients to their visit were their believe to efficacy of their received medicine, but there was no significant differences in this regards. In 19.6% of traditional medicine group and in 67% in modern medicine group believed that their cost is huge. 66% of modern medicine group believe that their method have high complication whereas no one believe to it in traditional medicine group. There were 26.5% and 31% male in traditional and modern medicine group respectively, also 41.2% and 36 % had high school diploma respectively. There were no significant difference regarding job and economic status. Conclusion: Regarding new tendency toward the traditional medicine and positive view of community to it, this medicine needs proper management and scientific orientation for better use of its advantages and avoiding its probable misuses.


Microalgae have been proven to be a promising source for the production of biofuel. It has higher oil yield than any other food crop. Oil yield from microalgae is 7 to 13 times higher than the best food crop. There are several issues to be addressed for economic production of biofuel from microalgae. One such issue is cultivation of microalgae. Algae can be cultivated photoautotrophically or heterotrophically. Algae grown photoautotrophically lose up to 35% of the biomass during nighttime. Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has been proven to be resulting in faster microalgae production compared to photoautotrophic growth, but requires use of expensive external carbon sources as a supplement. Cultivation of microalgae with cyclic combination of photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth may be an effective and economical method of micro-algae cultivation combining the advantages of photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth. Cyclic cultivation of Chlorella was performed to study the effect of nighttime supplementation on nighttime biomass loss and productivity. Results showed increased biomass productivity compared to pure photoautotrophic productivity. As high as 33 g/m2-day, productivity values were reported with 0.5 g/L of glucose supplement concentration during nighttime compared to the control cycle with the productivity value of 4g/m2-day. Statistical analysis suggested vii productivity values increased with glucose concentration. Bacterial concentration was an order of magnitude lesser than the biomass concentration. Glucose concentration data were collected to calculate the yield coefficient for different supplement concentration. Yield coefficient values up to 0.28gm biomass/gm glucose were achieved with supplement glucose concentration of 0.5 g/L. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT VI NOMENCLATURE XIV CHAPTERS


The invention discloses a lobster manufacture technology capable of storing and transporting at a common temperature. The technology sequentially includes picking and checking the material lobster, cleaning, frying, cooling, seasoning, weighing, packaging and sterilizing. The technology includes: (1) soaking the qualified material lobster in the water for 30-60 min, the material and the water is at a weight ratio of 1:8; (2) washing the soil stain on the surface of the lobster by compressed air and impact pressure water flow; (3) soaking in the ozonic water for 3-10 min, the concentration of the ozonic water is 0.4mg/L-0.8mg/L; frying the cleaned lobster in the vegetable oil at the temperature of 170-220 DEG C for 1-3 min; cooling and seasoning the fried lobster in the flavor liquid for 30-60 min; weighing and laying the cooled and seasoned lobster on the dish, adding the flavor liquid, vacuuming, filling in the nitrogen and packaging and sterilizing the packaged lobster in a multi-phase manner of heating up and sharp cooling. The technology is applicable to industrialized manufacture, storage and transport at common temperature with a shelf life of 6 months.


This paper describes the architecture of an underwater glider simulator applying the Modelling & Simulation as a Service (MSaaS) paradigm. The simulator implements a modular and scalable service-oriented architecture where Web services are employed for the underwater glider kinematic and hydrodynamic models, for the Oceanographic models forecast data, for the glider motion control system and for the motion behaviours. The simulator itself is offered as a Web service, using a browser based GUI to present the status and result of the simulation. Two main problems are targeted: 1) the estimation of the underwater trajectory of the glider between two known (measured) surfacing points and 2) the prediction of the glider future surface position given its past history, its motion behaviour and the Oceanographic Model forecast. Considerations about the estimation of the motion of the glider when the corresponding motion control and behaviours algorithms are not disclosed are done, capitalising on the work described in a previous paper and an alternative approach to simulating the unknown behaviours, considering the hardware-in-the-loop, is discussed. The discussion also involves architectural, and technological aspects such inter-process and cross-language communication and hardware-in-the-loop interfacing.


Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by pathological aggregation and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule‐associated protein tau1 in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)2,3. Phosphorylation is a vital cellular process associated with protein homeostasis and disease4. Tau, for instance, has more than 80 putative phosphorylation sites, which regulate both physiological and pathological tau functions1. Although several tau kinases have been identified to play causative roles in AD tau pathogenesis1,5, kinase‐targeted therapies for AD have been unsuccessful thus far6. Interestingly, the kinases responsible for several putative tau phosphorylation sites remain unknown7. G protein‐coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are a family of seven kinases (GRKs 1‐7) that are implicated in numerous peripheral and brain pathologies8,9, including a cursory association of GRKs 2 and 5 with AD10. Nevertheless, a comprehensive characterization of the expression and distribution of GRKs in the non‐demented and AD human brain has not been previously performed. We hypothesize that establishment of the GRK profile and pattern in the human brain may provide insight into the putative involvement of GRKs in tau pathobiology in AD.


Preparing a one-month course for any group of adult students presents problems. When the course is for middle and senior managers, things may be that much trickier. Apart from anything else there is no general agreement on what the content of a management course should be, but particularly with a group of this sort — there will inevitably be a wide variation in experience, educational background and training. Probably most important of all, however, managers tend to be doers rather than thinkers: they are generally not academically inclined and do not take kindly to the passive role of an attentive student. These notes on the conception and planning of this College's executive development course may be of use in indicating a possible approach to what amounts to a challenging situation. Aims and l imitations Experience has shown that it would be optimistic to expect any firm, however large, to release a senior manager for more than one month. From an educational viewpoint it seemed reasonable to try to design a programme of this length which would capture the interest of those attending and provoke them into further thought and study. In thinking about the aim of the course, we had to make certain assumptions about the type of person likely to attend and the limits imposed upon the students by the amount of time available for tuition. We assumed that most of those coming would be qualified to graduate or equivalent level in their chosen field; that they would have been in a managerial position for ten years


Deep neural network models have established themselves as an unparalleled force in the domains
of vision, speech and text processing applications in recent years. However, graphs have formed a
significant component of data analytics including applications in Internet of Things, social networks,
pharmaceuticals and bioinformatics. An important characteristic of these deep learning techniques
is their ability to learn the important features which are necessary to excel at a given task, unlike
traditional machine learning algorithms which are dependent on handcrafted features. However,
there have been comparatively fewer e�orts in deep learning to directly work on graph inputs.
Various real-world problems can be easily solved by posing them as a graph analysis problem.
Considering the direct impact of the success of graph analysis on business outcomes, importance of
studying these complex graph data has increased exponentially over the years.
In this thesis, we address three contributions towards understanding graph data: (i) The first
contribution seeks to find anomalies in graphs using graphical models; (ii) The second contribution
uses deep learning with spatio-temporal random walks to learn representations of graph trajectories
(paths) and shows great promise on standard graph datasets; and (iii) The third contribution seeks
to propose a novel deep neural network that implicitly models attention to allow for interpretation
of graph classification.
v


OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of ocular abnormalities in miniature horses.

DESIGN
Descriptive study.

ANIMALS STUDIED
Fifty-three miniature horses.

PROCEDURE
Ophthalmic examinations were performed using diffuse and focal illumination, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Coat color, mane and tail color, age and gender were recorded with results of ophthalmic examination.

RESULTS
Ocular abnormalities detected most frequently consisted of cysts arising from the posterior iris, ciliary body, and peripheral retina, curvilinear streaks of retinal pigmented epithelium extending from the peripheral temporal retina, and retinal dysplasia (folds). One miniature horse also had multiple ocular abnormalities (cornea globosa, goniosynechiae, decreased or absent and pupillary light reflexes, miotic and dyscoric pupils, iris hypoplasia, and epinuclear cataract). Ocular abnormalities were observed in horses that had a flaxen or white mane and tail color and a chocolate coat color.

CONCLUSIONS
Abnormal ocular phenotype detected in eyes of Miniature Horses was similar to multiple congenital and hereditary ocular abnormalities reported in the Rocky Mountain Horse. Phenotypic ocular developmental abnormalities and coat, mane and tail color were most compatible with a heterozygous or homozygous effect of the Silver Dapple locus.


Based on site exploration on earthquake damage of special underground structures subjected to Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,macro-phenomena and mechanism of earthquake damage of special underground structures in mountainous region rock were investigated. Earthquake response characteristics of the underground structures and effects of construction delamination and fault of rock on earthquak-resistant characteristic of the underground structures are discussed by means of FEM numerical stimulation analysis on the basis of theory of wave motion.


1 Agronomia, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciências e Tecnologia-Campus Araguatins, E-mail: email@example.com 2 Curso, Instituição, e-mail 3 Titulação, Instituição, e-mail The present work was developed in the Cupim Settlement Project, Carrasco Bonito TO, in order to describe the production system of the cattle and the environment where they are inserted, since this activity is of great importance for the Country, as well as for the region. The study was developed with farmers of the P. Cupim located in the municipality of Carrasco Bonito TO. The methodology applied was through questionnaires with 20 (twenty) questions, including objective and subjective questions, in which they dealt with subjects related to property, socioeconomic situation of the producers, cattle breeding and milk production. The sample of visited properties was 28 (twenty eight), corresponding to 100% of small producers. It was found that the system adopted by all producers was that of the extensive system. Milk cattle breeding is very present in this region and in the others that surround it, besides developing this work, the owners cultivate other activities to supplement their income. It was also observed that there is no use of mechanical milking, nor of applied technologies that aim to increase milk yield. In addition to these obstacles, the lack of technical assistance to this locality is a significant factor. As for the marketing of milk, 100% of the producers sold for dairy products in the region, since they complained about the price offered. Although there are factors that hinder the development of the activity, it has the potential to increase its production, because there are lands and climate favorable to this change. In addition to searching, through trained technicians to apply management methodologies that fit into your income.


An apparatus (100, 500) femtocell base station, comprising: a section (105, 503) receiving, receiving a message from a server; one section (107, 504) extraction, which extracts parameters included in the received message; a section (108, 505) for establishing, establishing a cell ID based on the extracted parameters, identifying the cell ID to a femtocell managed by the apparatus base station femtocell, and a section (110) generating , which generates a reference signal using the established cell ID, being the reference signal necessary to transmit a downlink signal from the base station apparatus femtocell.


Abstract Disability studies from a missional perspective in the Indian context are rare. Mission and unity cannot be "talked" about without the active inclusion of those in the margins; rather, they are the subject of mission and unity of the church which, in Pauline language, is the body of Christ. With the help of a disability-informed reading of the Pauline metaphor of church as the body of Christ, an attempt is made to understand the integral constituent of this "body" and its mission and unity. Our deliberations on the metaphor of body make it amply clear that "weaker" members are indispensable for the mission and unity of the church. They are the paradigm for the manifestation of God. Mission and unity of the church depend on the inclusion and equal participation of the margins--the disabled. Introduction Mission and unity are the inherent character of the church. However, historically this approach to mission and unity has been undertaken often from the centre, not from the periphery or the margins. Interestingly the biblical mandate for mission and unity comes from the voices and visions of those who are in the margins. Who is in the margins? In this paper we agree with Ranjit Guha and Homi Bhabha's definition of subalterns. They are of the "inferior rank". They include all those who are suppressed, oppressed, marginalized, pushed-out, neglected, left-out, rejected, considered not-capable or not-normal, because of their social, financial or physical status. People with disability are one such neglected voice from the margins. The paper tries to highlight the potential barriers faced by the disabled both in the religious structures and in scripture and metaphors. It also suggests certain theological possibilities in which disability is not simply a consumer of tradition but rather a constructive dement that offers new options for theological refection on mission and unity from the margins. Why margins? Felix Wilfred opines that the whole biblical revelation points to the fact that God is someone who journeys to the margins, and is to be found at the periphery (Ex. 3). Anyone who wishes to encounter God will have to migrate to the periphery. (1) Margin is where God encounters people. It is the space of God-visitation. It is where relationships are built. The Judeo-Christian God speaks the language of diversity. And the language of the margin is that of diversity. The language of the centre is the language of power--a legitimizing power, a manipulative power. God is not a partner to a programme of unity where differences are folded away. A conventional ableist marginalizes people with disabilities because they are not "able to", they are not "normal", they are "different". Mission means "a special assignment given to an individual/group of people". Who are involved in the missio Dei? Only the "abled"? Wilfred retorts that, to such a programme of mission and unity, God is not the partner. God partners with those who are in the margins. There is a preferential option for those who are in the margins in the missio Dei. Voices and visions of the margins: the disabled This paper is written from the perspective of the Indian context; therefore, it is important that we define what disability is in such a context. Various definitions are available. For our purpose we point out a few of these. Helander gave the simplest and perhaps the initial definition of a disabled person. "A person who in his/her society is regarded as disabled, because of a difference in appearances and/or behaviour." (2) In most instances, a disabled person has functional limitations and/or activity restrictions. A "functional limitation" disability may be defined as "specific reductions in bodily functions that are described at the level of the person" while "activity restriction" disability may be defined as "specific reductions in daily activities that are described at the level of the person". …


Abstract The species composition of pigeon lice parasitic on pigeons of ornamental breeds on the specialized closed-type farm (Poltava) was studied. Five species of these ectoparasites were registered: Columbicola columbae Linnaeus, 1758, Campanulotes compar Burmeister, 1838, (Philopteridae, Ischnocera), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, Hohorstiella lata Piaget, 1880 and Neocolpocephalus turbinatum (Denny, 1842) (Menoponidae, Amblycera). For each species, the data on infection prevalence, intensity and abundance were obtained. High prevalence of infection was registered for all pigeon lice species, while the intensity and, especially, the abundance were considerably different. C. columbae turned out to be the most abundant. B. columbae was rather common. The peculiarities of pigeon lice species localization on the host body were investigated. During the intensive infection of pigeons with lice, the complex of clinical signs is manifested, which testifies about considerable effect of these parasites on the host. The highest pathogenicity is characteristic for H. lata, which usually feeds on blood and lymph.


As mobile devices pave the way for mobile healthcare services that put long-distance patients at the helm of their own diagnoses and treatment, its important to evalue user requirements and expectations.