This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a 3D-printed resorbable polycaprolactone/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/PLGA/β-TCP) membrane on bone regeneration and osseointegration in areas surrounding implants and to compare results with those of a non-resorbable titanium mesh membrane. After preparation of PCL/PLGA/β-TCP membranes using extrusion-based 3D printing technology; mechanical tensile testing and in vitro cell proliferation testing were performed. Implant surgery and guided bone regeneration were performed randomly in three groups (a no membrane group, a titanium membrane group, and a PCL/PLGA/β-TCP membrane group (n = 8 per group)). Histological and histometric analyses were conducted to evaluate effects on bone regeneration and osseointegration. Using the results of mechanical testing; a PCL/PLGA/β-TCP ratio of 2:6:2 was selected. The new bone areas (%) in buccal defects around implants were highest in the PCL/PLGA/β-TCP group and significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Bone-to-implant contact ratios (%) were also significantly higher in the PCL/PLGA/β-TCP and titanium groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). When the guided bone regeneration procedure was performed using the PCL/PLGA/β-TCP membrane; new bone formation around the implant and osseointegration were not inferior to those of the non-resorbable pre-formed titanium mesh membrane.


Because the process error of digital design's sheet metal part is more covert,the error during making model is analyzed and the method of how to remove the error is given,the problem of the error accumulation during NC measure is discussed.In addition,the result of matching points cloud and surface is analyzed and the new judgment rule about error is given.The part's eligible percent can be improved through above steps.


In modern power grid, especially with the development of ultra high voltage (UHV) and AC-DC hybrid power grid, the scale and complexity of power transmission network increase a lot. System operators need to quickly grasp real-time operation situation and make decision to ensure the security and economics of the grid. GUI (graphical user interfaces) has become essential components of modern control center. Power flow diagrams and other diagrams such as substation diagrams present the real-time situation and provide the interface for remote control. Manually creation and maintenance of such diagrams is totally unacceptable as it is very time consuming and error prone. In this paper, we proposed a panorama dispatching framework, which is based on diagram automatic generation technologies to reveal different levels of details of the power grid and realize system situation awareness and decision support. Panorama dispatching and system situation aware applications have been developed based on our proposed framework in China Southern Power Grid (CSG) dispatching and control center. Actual examples are provided to prove the feasibility and advantage of our proposed framework. The work in this paper is very useful for increasing the efficiency for model and diagrams management, system operation and situation awareness.


5551Background: ROC patients (pts), heavily pretreated with IV chemotherapy (CT) are a heterogenous group, median OS 3-9 mo. Oral MCy is well tolerated, avoids IV CT and has been shown to have clin...


Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Western world, accounting for approximately 30,000 new cases per year in the United States. Modern immune chemotherapy cures approximately 60% of patients with DLBCL, indicating that approximately 40% of the patients do not benefit from current standard therapy. Poor-risk patients should be prospectively identified so they can be offered more effective therapy. So how can we identify patients who are unlikely to be cured with standard therapy? And once poor-risk patients are identified, how can we use this information to improve treatment outcome? For almost two decades, the most widely used prognostic factors model in DLBCL was the International Prognostic Index, which identified patients with good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk features. However, the International Prognostic Index failed to provide information that guided therapy. Accordingly, empirical approaches to test new strategies in patients with poor-risk features failed to make a significant impact. Subsequently, gene expression profiling (GEP) studies revealed that histologically uniform lymphoma subtypes are heterogeneous at molecular levels. In DLBCL, GEP studies identified two biologically distinctive groups on the basis of their cell of origin (COO): the germinal center B-cell (GCB) and the activated B-cell (ABC) origin subtypes. An additional small subgroup could not be precisely classified into these two entities. Patients with the ABC subtype had a lower chance of cure with modern therapy, and therefore, became the new biologically defined poor-risk subset with unmet medical needs. Because ABC-DLBCL is highly enriched with activated nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) signaling, this biologic model also provided information on which agents should be prioritized for testing in the clinical setting. Accordingly, agents that modulated NFB signaling were preferentially tested in patients with ABC subtype. To expedite the development of new agents, investigators and regulatory agencies became interested in designing and conducting clinical trials in patients with ABC-DLBCL, because this group has more urgent unmet medical needs and because it was believed that some agents demonstrated preferential clinical activity in this subset. Because standard GEP tests initially required the availability of fresh-frozen lymphoma tissues, surrogate immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based biomarker tests were developed, which could be adopted in a wide range of clinical hematopathology diagnostic laboratories. Concordance between GEP and IHC methods rarely exceeded 80%. Despite this limitation, IHC-based COO classification was frequently used to stratify patients in clinical trials that enrolled patients with DLBCL. Most recently, DLBCL COO was identified by using GEP methods applied to formalin-fixed paraffinembedded tissue sections and a more simplified digital geneexpression signature (Lymph2Cx) using a nanostring platform. The Lymph2Cx assay was shown to have a better correlation with standard GEP methods and excellent concordance of COO assignment between laboratories. In the accompanying article, Scott et al applied the Lymph2Cx assay to a large cohort of patients (n 344) treated with standard rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy. The Lymph2Cx assay identified 32% to be of the ABC subtype and 56% to be of the GCB subtype. Similar to standard GEP methods, Lymph2Cx also identified a small unclassified group (11%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 73% for the GCB group, 54% for the unclassified group, and 48% for the ABC group. In the same study, Scott et al examined the prognostic significance of MYC and BCL2 protein expression by using IHC methods. The authors confirmed prior observations of the prognostic significance of this assay. Patients with DLBCL who expressed high levels of MYC and BCL2 proteins had a 5-year PFS of 48% compared with 70% for those who had lower protein expression. The development of clinical assays that can be easily adopted into clinical practice to classify DLBCL on the basis of the COO is important in the field. These assays, including the Lymph2Cx, provide valuable reproducible tools to identify poor-risk patients with DLBCL and to facilitate the development of clinical trials capturing these patients. Despite these advances, one should not lose sight of the big picture. First, none of these prognostic models and diagnostic tools is perfect. For example, all of these models failed to identify a group of patients who are 100% cured with standard R-CHOP. In the study reported by Scott et al, even the favorable GCB subtype had a 5-year PFS of 73%, which means that 27% of patients received toxic therapy without benefit. Conversely, 54% of patients with the ABC subtype still had benefit from R-CHOP. Second, the COO classification is applicable JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 33 NUMBER 26 SEPTEMBER 1


Abstract Introduction: Assessment, historically, has been done in a summative manner in post-secondary education (HE). Whilst useful for the purposes of grading and assessment of competency, there is also increasing pressure from post-secondary education institutions to meet certain standards in terms of education quality and graduate numbers, putting pressure on teachers to produce evidence of students' level of understanding and thus putting a greater emphasis on the use of summative assessments. The formative assessment approach for student learning is preferable in some fields, but how useful is this format for the science subjects? Purpose: To discuss the utility of either summative assessments or formative assessments (or both) in science teaching at university level. Methods: Exploration of the literature involving teaching science in university undergraduate courses (i.e., no formal search criteria). Conclusions: A new category of assessment is needed - the integration of formative and summative assessment.


Because networks and systems become more complex, the implementation of the security countermeasures for Decision Support Systems (DSS) becomes more critical. Designers and developers of the security policy should recognize the importance of building security countermeasures by using both technical and non-technical methods, such as personnel and operational facts. In general, decision support systems have many components, and these components are connected with each other complicatedly. Therefore, to make security countermeasure more perfect one, all components of systems should be checked, and this method is very difficult because too many components are included. In this paper, to overcome this problem, we propose the Block Model to divide decision support systems into 4 blocks. After dividing systems into blocks, we can get a chance to build security countermeasures for each block Security countermeasures of each block can be integrated into total countermeasures. Applying of Security engineering and intelligent methods are needed to reduce security holes may be included in the software or systems. Therefore, more security-related intelligent researches are needed to reduce security weakness may be included in the systems. This paper proposes some intelligent methods and procedures for reducing the threat to the system by applying security engineering, and for building security countermeasure.


A methodological proposal and a comparison of results of the accessibility conditions of the Compressed Natural Gas (GNC) supply in a region of Caldas (Colombia) were done in this research. The analysis took into consideration the forecast of GNC consumption and the different geographic variables and also the transport infrastructure that allowed


Purpose
This paper aims to analyse, the issue concerning the quality of inward foreign direct investments (FDI) by empirically investigating the role of four sustainability determinants of FDI, namely, economic, environmental, social and governance using data from 22 developing countries of the Asian region over a period from 2000–2016.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology adopted to achieve this purpose is dynamic panel estimation (two-step difference generalised method of moments) by developing three econometric models. The data is sourced from the World Development, Worldwide Governance Indicators, International Telecommunication Union and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

Findings
The econometric results indicate that, in general, control of corruption, political stability and electricity consumption influence sustainable FDI favourably; and CO2 emissions lower the extent of sustainable FDI. The result underlines deficiencies in the information technology aspect, which has a non-significant yet positive relationship with sustainable FDI. A pertinent finding of this study is that the past value of FDI inflows increases the current year's FDI inflows in developing countries.

Practical implications
The findings related to gender and information technology aspects found in this paper will be of interest to both researchers and policymakers for substantially reorienting the sustainability attributes to foreign investment.

Originality/value
The authors' main contributions are to encapsulate the conceptual framework into an empirical model by combining all the four dimensions, namely, environmental, economic, social and governance for developing countries.


This study covers the investigations based on the electrokinetic and rheological properties to explain the interactions between ceramic grade kaolin mineral and different electrolytes. For this purpose, two kaolin samples of ceramic grade and three electrolytes (a sodium silicate and two anionic polyelectrolyte dispersants) were selected. In the electrokinetic studies, zero point of charge (zpc) values of both kaolin samples could not be observed in the presence of all electrolytes. Natural surface charges of Kaolin A and Kaolin B in water were found as negative and retained in between -12 mV, -7,5 mV. Similarly it is retained as also negative while the amount of the dispersant increases. The type of dispersant and its concentration that provide the minimum value of viscosity for suspensions prepared each kaolin samples varies with the type of dispersant and the properties of the suspension. The yield stress values of Kaolin A and Kaolin B suspensions prepared each dispersants was found below and above 0,1 N/m 2 respectively. This critical value explains that Kaolin B have higher plasticity than Kaolin A.


Abstract : The evidence for the existence of anion bridging and anion electrocatalysis on mercury electrodes is reviewed. It is shown to be a rather common mechanism. Its elucidation often requires accurate surface activity data. Some difficulties in obtaining the latter are discussed. (Author)


The invention discloses an external thermal insulation system with low-thermal-conductivity and high-strength mortar. The external thermal insulation system comprises interface mortar, heat insulation mortar, anti-crack plastering mortar, alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh, flexible waterproof putty and modified epoxy resin. The system adopts onsite plastering type cavity-free external thermal insulation procedures, and a face layer adopts a flexible gradient material matching system. The system has the advantages of high wind pressure resistance, weather resistance, integral crack resistance, fire rating, impact resistance, thermal storage capacity, air permeability and dimensional stability, small contraction, excellent heat insulation performance and the like. Further, the external thermal insulation system is simple in construction process, can be moulded optionally, and is especially applicable to buildings rich in building elevation and available for direct construction on base layers poor in evenness.


Mucus secreted mainly by epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands covering the respiratory tract plays an important role in the protection from external aggressions, such as solid particles, pathogens and chemical agents by mucociliary clearance. The viscoelastic properties of mucus are mainly determined by the presence of extensively-glycosylated high molecular weight mucins. A lot of factors influence the expression and secretion of mucins in airway, lead to mucus overproduction, which is a distinguishing feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes disruption of the mucociliary clearance function, resulting in airway block, chronic infection and death.


We investigate electron interferometry of edge states in topological insulators. We show that when interboundary coupling is induced at two quantum point contacts of a four terminal setup, both Fabry-Perot-like and Aharonov-Bohm-like loop processes arise. These underlying interference effects lead to a full electrically controllable system, where the magnitude of charge and spin linear conductances can be tuned by gate voltages, without applying magnetic fields. In particular we find that, under appropriate conditions, interboundary coupling can lead to negative values of the conductance. Furthermore, the setup also allows to selectively generate pure charge or pure spin currents by choosing the voltage bias configuration


"DRE-EPIGLOTTIC cysts are of particular -*interest both to surgeons and anesthetists, because of their encroachment on the natural airway. They are usually incluSion cysts, but occasionally are congenital or embryonic. Rarely, the pre-epiglottic area may contain ectopic rests, which develop into cysts at a later date (e.g. dermoid cysts). The scarcity of reports of this condition (the most pertinent is that by Asherson1) induces


This second edition is an essential guide to the literature that presents hundreds of descriptions of books, reports and articles dealing with all aspects of terrorism; Prevention; International Security; Government Policy; State-Sponsored Terrorism; Counterterrorism; Media Impact; Terrorists. Complete author and title indexes are provided.


A theoretical study has been made of the structure and IR spectrum of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside with allowance for the influence of a hydrogen bond on them. Structural dynamic models of a free methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside molecule and its simplest complexes with the hydrogen bond, which represent variously structured dimmers, have been constructed by a density-functional method using a B3LYP functional in a 6-31G (d) basis. Energies have been minimized; structures, electrooptical parameters, force constants, and frequencies of normal modes in a harmonic approximation and their intensities in IR spectra have been calculated; hydrogen-bond energy has been evaluated. From the calculation results, the IR spectrum of a methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside sample has been interpreted and the conclusions on its structure and spectrum formation, and also on the capabilities of the employed method of density-functional theory have been drawn.


In this paper, we compare the efficiency in information transfer and user acceptance between the traditional humanoid robot and the projector robot.


An analysis was performed on the incompressible, unsteady, magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer on a semi‐infinite flat plate mounted in a duct. The stream unsteadiness was composed of a small sinusoidally oscillating component superimposed on a constant value, while the constant magnetic field was normal to both the stream and the plane of the plate. Solutions to the momentum and energy equations were obtained by numerical integration for the unsteady magnetic interaction effects, including dissipation, using a product series expansion in the Strouhal number s and a Hartmann‐Reynolds number parameter χ. A time and distance dependent boundary condition at the edge of the thermal layer was properly satisfied using this expansion procedure. The results show that, while increases in skin friction and heat transfer occur both with the steady magnetic case (s = 0,0 < χ ⩽ 0.2) and with the unsteady nonmagnetic case (0 < s ⩽ 0.6, χ = 0), the full unsteady magnetic interaction produces amplitude increases in these ...


This dissertation is an analysis of interviews with and observations among transnational Somali women traders, located in Somaliland (northwest Somalia) and Dubai. Since the outbreak of the Somali ...


Visible and near-IR (VNIR) spectra from the hyper-spectral imagers MRO-CRISM and Mars Express OMEGA in martian orbit have signatures from Fe-bearing phases (e.g., olivine, pyroxene, and jarosite), H2O/OH-bearing phases (e.g., smectites and other phyllosilicates, sulfates, and high-SiO2 phases), and carbonate [e.g., 1-5]. Mineralogical assignments of martian spectral features are made on the basis of VNIR spectra acquired in the laboratory under appropriate environmental conditions on samples whose mineralogical composition is known. We report here additional results for our ongoing project [6] to acquire VNIR spectra under arid conditions.


The information diffusion and the influence propagation in an online social network behave similar to the epidemic process and have been studied through the classic epidemiological models. The epidemic threshold is a fundamental metric for the epidemic process to determine the condition when an epidemic can either survive or die out in a network. The previous works have been focused on finding the epidemic threshold when both infection rates and recovery rates are homogeneous or studying the transient behavior of an epidemic when the infection rates are heterogeneous. In this work, we explore the effect of the heterogeneity in both infection rates and recovery rates on the epidemic threshold through both analysis and simulations. We discover that heterogeneous infection rates and heterogeneous recovery rates have the opposite impact on the epidemic threshold. Specifically, the heterogeneity in infection rates leads to a larger epidemic threshold than in the homogeneous case. Moreover, as the degree of the heterogeneity of infection rates gets higher, the epidemic threshold increases. On the other hand, the heterogeneity in recovery rates generates a smaller epidemic threshold than in the homogeneous case. Furthermore, the epidemic threshold decreases as the degree of the heterogeneity of recovery rates gets higher.


Simple Summary High dose acetaminophen (AAP) with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescue has demonstrated promising results in pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present manuscript, we evaluate the effects of high dose AAP/NAC on the tumor immune microenvironment. We demonstrate that high dose AAP inhibits M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophages at the RNA and protein levels. The anti-tumor activity of high dose AAP is lost in macrophage depleted mice, underlining the physiologic relevance of the findings. While at traditional doses AAP is not thought to have anti-inflammatory activity, our study is the first to describe AAP-induced changes on anti-tumor immunity. Abstract High-dose acetaminophen (AAP) with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) rescue is among the few treatments that has shown activity in phase I trials without achieving dose-limiting toxicity that has not progressed to evaluation in later line studies. While the anti-tumor effects of AAP/NAC appear not to be mediated by glutathione depletion and free radical injury, the mechanism of anti-tumor effects of AAP/NAC has not been definitively characterized. In vitro, the effects of AAP/NAC were evaluated on bone marrow derived macrophages. Effects of AAP on IL-4/STAT6 (M2) or IFN/LPS/STAT1 (M1) signaling and downstream gene and protein expression were studied. NAC reversed the AAP toxicity in the normal liver but did not reverse AAP cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro. AAP/NAC selectively inhibited IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation but not IFN/LPS-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. Downstream, AAP/NAC inhibited IL-4 induction of M2-associated genes and proteins but did not inhibit the IFN/LPS induction of M1-associated genes and proteins. In vivo, AAP/NAC inhibited tumor growth in EF43.fgf4 and 4T1 triple-negative breast tumors. Flow cytometry of tumor-associated macrophages revealed that AAP/NAC selectively inhibited M2 polarization. The anti-tumor activity of high-dose AAP/NAC is lost in macrophage-depleted mouse syngeneic tumor models, suggesting a macrophage-dependent mechanism of action. In conclusion, our study is the first to show that high-dose AAP/NAC has profound effects on the tumor immune microenvironment that facilitates immune-mediated inhibition of tumor growth.


Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) microscopy on a 7.0T system demonstrated the corticomedullary junction (CMJ) to be a high‐susceptibility region (HSR) in young normal subjects, suggesting that functional alteration of cortical microcirculation could be assessed with this imaging method.


References 1. Bousquet J, Mantzouranis E, Cruz AA, Aït-Khaled N, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bleecker ER, Brightling CE, Burney P, Bush A, Busse WW, et al. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:926–938. 2. Murphy AC, Proeschal A, Brightling CE, Wardlaw AJ, Pavord I, Bradding P, Green RH. The relationship between clinical outcomes and medication adherence in difficult-to-control asthma. Thorax 2012;67:751–753. 3. Williams LK, Pladevall M, Xi H, Peterson EL, Joseph C, Lafata JE, Ownby DR, Johnson CC. Relationship between adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and poor outcomes among adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114:1288–1293. 4. Bel EH, Sousa A, Fleming L, Bush A, Chung KF, Versnel J, Wagener AH, Wagers SS, Sterk PJ, Compton CH; Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcome (U-BIOPRED) Consortium, Consensus Generation. Diagnosis and definition of severe refractory asthma: an international consensus statement from the Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI). Thorax 2011;66:910–917. 5. Barnes PJ. New therapies for asthma: is there any progress? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010;31:335–343. 6. Gamble J, Stevenson M, McClean E, Heaney LG. The prevalence of nonadherence in difficult asthma.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:817–822. 7. Bosley CM, Fosbury JA, Cochrane GM. The psychological factors associated with poor compliance with treatment in asthma. Eur Respir J 1995;8:899–904. 8. Spector SL, Kinsman R, Mawhinney H, Siegel SC, Rachelefsky GS, Katz RM, Rohr AS. Compliance of patients with asthma with an experimental aerosolized medication: implications for controlled clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;77:65–70. 9. McNicholl DM, Stevenson M, McGarvey LP, Heaney LG. The utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide suppression in the identification of nonadherence in difficult asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:1102–1108. 10. O'Connor BJ, Collarini S, Poli G, Brindicci C, Spinola M, Acerbi D, Barnes PJ, Leaker B. Rapid effects of extrafine beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fixed combination inhaler on airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pulm Med 2011;11:60. 11. Beck-Ripp J, Griese M, Arenz S, Koring C, Pasqualoni B, Bufler P. Changes of exhaled nitric oxide during steroid treatment of childhood asthma. Eur Respir J 2002;19:1015–1019. 12. Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:487–497. 13. National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. NHLBI/WHO Workshop Report. 2011 [accessed 2012 Oct 31]. Available from: http://www.ginasthma.org 14. Pavord ID, Korn S, Howarth P, Bleecker ER, Buhl R, Keene ON, Ortega H, Chanez P. Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380: 651–659. 15. Wilson SR, Strub P, Buist AS, Knowles SB, Lavori PW, Lapidus J, Vollmer WM; Better Outcomes of Asthma Treatment (BOAT) Study Group. Shared treatment decision making improves adherence and outcomes in poorly controlled asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010;181:566–577.


The author combines with years of work in construction management units, and briefly introduces the countermeasures to achieve the common development of political work and business management from the relationship between political work and business management.


Developing laboratory innovations into commercial products takes more than a great idea. It requires financial investment and a team with diverse expertise.


Live performance of soundscape and sound art collages for 5.1 multichannel surround system at INTER-spatial audio event series, alongside performances By Ela Orleans, Mark Vernon and Cucina Povera.


The present study was conducted to assess the risk of human health against heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) through the intake of milk and milk products produced by animals which are feeding the fodder produced by polluted irrigation water. The milk samples contained amounts of Fe (10.43 ppm) Cu (1.23 ppm), Mn(0.60 ppm ), Zn (2.32),Cr (0.05 ppm), Ni (0.17 ppm) Pb (0.28 ppm ) and Cd (0.13 ppm ) than MAL in buffaloes milk and Ni (0.16 ppm ) and Pb (0.41 ppm) than MAL in cow milk. The milk samples from the small animals (goat) were associated with only Fe (11.24ppm,), Zn (2.47 ppm ), Cr (0.07 ppm) and Pb (0.05 ppm) than maximum allowable limit. The hazardous quotient (HQ) indicated that milks from all types of animals were contaminated with metals. From the results the hazardous quotient (HQ) indicated that higher risk for Pb and Cd (>1) metals contamination in buffalo and cow milk. However HI (2 to 14) for all studied milk sample was found to be not safe. Females are at somewhat higher risk than males. This study projected a high multi-metal threat due to food chain contamination in the study area.


In the harvest of 1845 a disease, hitherto unknown in Ireland, phytophthora infestans, attacked the potato crop. The disease had made its appearance some years previously in north America and shortly afterwards in Europe. There is reason to believe that it already existed in south America, and it is possible that its failure to reach Europe with the early-introduced tubers was due to diseased tubers rotting during the long voyages under ' sail '. The progress of the blight in European countries in the summer and early autumn of 1845 was reported in the Dublin Evening Post, which, without raising any serious alarm, pointed out the danger to the crop in Ireland. The seriousness of a failure of the staple food of the majority of the population must have been clear to every man struck by that possibility.


This article discusses the effect of abrasive between the leading and the driven gear teeth on the formation of a stress state. In this case, normal and tangential stresses are calculated under the action of normal and tangential forces
Keywords: gears, abrasives, normal and tangential stresses, segmented shapes, fracture limit, wear depth.


«Atlantis in Timaeus and Critias: Exegesis of a Platonic myth». This article discusses various aspects related to the story of the island of Atlantis in the dialogues Timaeus and Critias of Plato. After making a study of the structure presented in the two Platonic works, we analyze opinions and ancient testimony about the story and the modern interpretations of Plato's Atlantis.


Purpose The aim of this study was to report the development measurement of midwifery clinical leadership instruments among nursing students. Methods Specifically, the five-component concepts defined by Katz and Standards Midwifery Practice were used to build items for midwifery clinical leadership instruments. This study also used Netemeyer's "Guidelines in Scale Development" to develop an instrument for midwifery clinical leadership among nursing students. The sample used for the research was 9 experts and 330 nursing students in the fourth year of being selected by multi-stage sampling. The instruments used in the study were an interview guide and a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis and factor analysis (exploratory factor analysis: EFA). Results Three separate data collections were used for the development of these instruments. The outcome of the content validity assessment was a 60‐items questionnaire, Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) 0.94. The results of EFA yielded an instrument with 58 items in four-component. The final value of the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test was 0.956. Conclusion The instruments present a good interpretation of the data and were consistent with the personality attributes. The questionnaire was designed to measure with strong loading of measurement.


The technique of /sup 252/Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry has been applied to the direct analysis of several samples of coal and to one demineralised coal sample. The results are discussed and it is suggested that they show the potential of the technique for the analysis of coal structure, and particularly for analysing structural changes after various treatments. Further work is required.


This article reviews recent economic and legal literature on sovereign debt in light of the COVID-19 shock. Most of the core theoretical contributions across the two disciplines hinge on immunity, and the sovereign borrower's consequent inability to commit to repay foreign creditors, as the distinguishing attribute of sovereignty. We highlight a persistent gap between sovereign debt theories grounded in immunity and empirical evidence that the governments of low- and middle-income countries borrow far more than theory would predict. On the other hand, the governments of advanced economies, generally viewed as outside the scope of this literature before the euro area debt crisis, have shown themselves to be far more commitment challenged than previously supposed. We conclude that the traditional split between a literature concerned with developing economy sovereigns that repudiate debt and one concerned with advanced economies that do not is no longer appropriate (if ever it was). We argue that shifting some attention away from immunity to a different attribute of sovereignty—authority—could help bridge the gap between the two literatures. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 14 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


e14534 Background: Recent evidence has suggested that baseline SUV and metabolic response measured on sequential PET scans early in the course of chemotherapy may predict for survival and response to chemotherapy.

METHODS
Patients with MPM suitable for platinum/pemetrexed chemotherapy were studied. Baseline pre-chemotherapy PET and CT scans were performed with a further PET scan before cycle 2. CT scans were repeated mid-treatment and at the end of 6 cycles. PET response was determined by measuring the change in the maximum and mean SUV, PET Vol (volume of tumor above SUV threshold of 3.5) and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG, calculated as PET Vol x SUV Max). Metabolic response (MR), as measured by a 25% drop in SUV Max, SUV Mean, PET Vol and TLG was compared to overall survival (OS) and to subsequent response to chemotherapy on CT. CT scans were read using Modified RECIST criteria and CT response was compared to OS.

RESULTS
21 patients had baseline PET scans of whom 17 had a further PET before cycle 2. 19 patients had CT scans evaluable by Modified RECIST criteria. Baseline SUV Max and SUV Mean were found to predict for OS. Median survival was 17.2 months for patients with SUV Max less than 15 versus 6 months for those with SUV Max greater than 15 (p=0.0193). Median survival was 14.1 months for patients with SUV Mean less than 5 versus 6.5 months for those with SUV Mean greater than 5 (p=0.0681). MR defined by SUV Max, SUV Mean, PET Vol or TLG did not predict for OS. MR on PET correlated poorly with CT response with Kappa values of 0.01, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.31 for MR defined by SUV Max, PET Vol, SUV Mean and TLG respectively. CT response using Modified RECIST criteria correlated significantly with OS. Patients with partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) had median survivals of 25.6 months, 8.6 months and 4.6 months respectively (p=0.0072) Conclusions: MR measured by SUV Max, SUV Mean, PET Volume and TLG on early sequential PET scans did not correlate with CT assessed response to chemotherapy or OS. Baseline SUV Max >15 and SUV Mean >5 were indicative of poor prognosis. CT response as measured by Modified RECIST criteria correlated significantly with OS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


ABSTRACT Hypertext has been described as embodying Roland Barthes' ideal text. This paper considers that association, and the relationship of each to literary theory's historical privileging of authorial intention over reader interpretation. Firstly it outlines the rise and fall of authorial intention in literary theory, culminating in Roland Barthes' 1967 essay The Death of the Author. Secondly, it challenges the relationship between anti-intentionalism and hypertext in three ways: by exploring hypertext as a dialectical situation, which places the reader in dialogue with the author; by challenging Barthes' galaxy of signifiers as an embodiment of links; and finally, by establishing a disciplinary emphasis on hermeneutics as intrinsically readerly in nature. The paper concludes by considering whether an intentionalist approach might in fact be the best fit for hypertext fiction.


Lessons from recent earthquakes have provided a tough reality check of the traditional seismic design approach and technologies, highlighting the urgent need for a paradigm shift of performance‐based design criteria and objectives toward low‐damage design philosophy and technologies for the whole building system. Modern society is asking for "earthquake proof" resilient buildings that are able to withstand seismic events without compromising their functionality. The EU‐funded SERA (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe Project) project discussed in this paper provided the opportunity to develop and validate within the European context an integrated seismic low‐damage prototype, including main structure and non‐structural elements, for the next generation of high‐performance buildings. This paper presents an overview of the research, involving three‐dimensional shake table tests of a two‐storey 1:2 scaled timber‐concrete post‐tensioned dissipative low‐damage structure "dressed" by earthquake‐resistant gypsum/masonry partitions and glass/concrete facades. Specimen details, construction and assembly phases, test setup, and experimental results are discussed. After many cycles of input motions at increasing levels of seismic intensity (higher than Collapse Prevention Limit State), the integrated building system exhibited a very high seismic performance. The experimental campaign carried out at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering in Lisbon confirmed the unique potential of low‐damage technologies and the opportunity for their widespread implementation into design practice.


Objective: The surgical workforce, like the rest of the population, is ageing. This has raised concerns about the association between the age of the surgeon and their surgical outcomes; however, this association has not been widely studied. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies published as full articles on postoperative mortality and major adverse outcome (MAO) according to the surgeons' age.

Design: Ten retrospective cohort studies on 29 various surgeries were considered.Setting: The search was performed on 2 February 2021 using the Embase and Medline databases.Participants: This meta-analysis involved 1,666,108 patients who were drawn from 10 cohort studies and were subjected to 29 types of surgeries. Main outcome measures: This meta-analysis categorised surgeons into young, middle-aged, and old-aged groups and evaluated the influence of the surgeons' age on the clinical outcomes, like postoperative mortality and MAO.

Results: The risk of death in the patients undergoing surgery by young surgeons was 1.02 (1.00–1.04, P = 0.07) compared to those by middle-aged surgeon. The mortality risk in patients undergoing surgery by old-aged surgeons was 1.14 (1.02–1.28, P < 0.001) compared to those by middle-aged surgeons. The MAO risk in the patients undergoing surgery by young surgeons was 1.04 (0.92–1.18, P = 0.48) compared to those by middle-aged surgeons. The MAO risk in the patients undergoing surgery by older surgeons was 1.01 (0.88–1.16, P = 0.93) compared to those by middle-aged surgeons.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that surgeries performed by oldaged surgeons had a higher risk of postoperative mortality than those by middle-aged surgeons. Thus, it necessitates the introduction of a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the performance of senior surgeons.

Funding: This work was supported by the Medical Research Center (MRC) Program [grant number: NRF-2018R1A5A2023879], the Basic Science Research Program [grant number: NRF-2020R1A2C1102433], and the Collaborative Genome Program for Fostering New Post-Genome Industry (grant number: NRF-2017M3C9A6047610) through a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government.

Declaration of Interest: The authors have none to declare.


Objective:To investigate the expression of nuclearfactor-erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2) in cultured rat hepatic stel-late cells and the influence of intracellarROS on its nuclear translocation.Methods:Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were divided into control group and oxidative group.HSCs in oxidative group were treated with 100 mU/ml glucose oxidase (GO) for 2 h, and HSCs in control group were incubated in DMEM.The expressions of total Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2 were detected by Western blot.HSCs were analyzed by immunocytochemistry to detect the nucleartranslocation of Nrf2 protein.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)level was analyzed on a flow cytometerby Dihydroethidium (DHE).The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)were measured by spectrophotometric method.Reslults:1 The level of intracellar ROS and MDA in oxidative group was higherthan that in control group(P0.01).2 The expression of total Nrf2 in control group and oxidative group had no obvious changes.The expression of nuclear Nrf2 was negtive in control group while postive in oxidative group, there was significant statistical differece between the two groups (P=0.000); Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the Nrf2 protein of control group expressed only in cytoplasm, but the Nrf2 protein of oxidative group expressed both in cytoplasm and in nucelus.3 Compared with control group the levels of GSH in oxidative group showed manifest increase(P0.01).Conclutions:Oxidative stress can activate the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to develop its biological effects in HSCs.


In the present days, we encounter and can observe a widespread distribution of physical, moral and psychological crisis among the citizens of Ukraine. The most inclined to undergo and experience distress group of the population is higher educational institutions' youth. Based on the data we have collected and carefully analyzed, we have discovered that regular exposure of a person to physical activity helps maintain the levels of distress and influence of other negatively oriented emotional states to their minimums whereas the physical activity positively impacts emotional health, especially in regard to student youth. Accordingly, our research is dedicated and conducted to investigate and assess how emotional health of Ukrainian students correlates with different levels of physical activity they experience. In order to complete the study, we asked a few female students that indeed take physical training (PT) classes at their universities, precisely, 48, to take part in our investigation. The participants were at the particular stages of their Bachelor's program progression (from Freshmen to Senior Year students) at the moment of the study being conducted. We attempt to measure and assess the indices that constitute emotional health which we defined as a) mood, b) well-being, c) overall activity, and d) anxiety. Additionally, we determine the levels of physical activity of each student. Based on the evidence we have collected, the students evaluated their moods in the range of 56 10,0 points (high evaluation marks), their well-beings in the range of 51 10,7 points (high evaluation marks), and the levels of their overall activity in the range of 43 9,5 points (average evaluation marks). Altogether, the vast majority of the participants marked their levels of trait and state anxieties as 47 3,9 points and 48 3,7 points, accordingly, that we define as high. On the other hand, we have discovered that most participants have low physical activity index that constitute into the value of 31. On the contrary, the ones whose physical activity is higher have stated that their state anxiety is lower — 46,3 3,4 points, — compared to those who involve into average and low exposure to physical activity — 47,2 3,5 points and 47,6 4,3 points, respectively. The potential of future studies of emotional health are highly dependent upon researches into emotions that students experience, how well students recognize, distinguish, Yaroshyk et al., 2020. Assessment of the State of Emotional Health of Ukrainian University Student Youth that is Involved into Different Levels of Physical Activity 468 and live through their feelings, as well as into the abilities of students to adapt to alternate vital circumstances.


Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are used to treat many advanced-stage epithelial cancers but induce severe skin toxicities in most treated patients. These side effects lead to a deterioration in the quality of life of the patients and compromise the anticancer treatment. Current treatment strategies for these skin toxicities focus on symptom reduction rather than preventing the initial trigger that causes the toxicity. In this study, we developed a compound and method for treating "on-target" skin toxicity by blocking the drug at the site of toxicity without reducing the systemic dose reaching the tumor. We first screened for small molecules that effectively blocked the binding of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies to EGFR and identified a potential candidate, SDT-011. In silico docking predicted that SDT-011 interacted with the same residues on EGFR found to be important for the binding of EGFR inhibitors cetuximab and panitumumab. Binding of SDT-011 to EGFR reduced the binding affinity of cetuximab to EGFR and could reactivate EGFR signaling in keratinocyte cell lines, ex vivo cetuximab-treated whole human skin, and A431-injected mice. Specific small molecules were topically applied and were delivered via a slow-release system derived from biodegradable nanoparticles that penetrate the hair follicles and sebaceous glands, within which EGFR is highly expressed. Our approach has the potential to reduce skin toxicity caused by EGFR inhibitors. Description Topical application of a small molecule that blocks the binding of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies to EGFR can reduce on-target skin toxicities. Editor's summary Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are commonly used to treat cancers, but on-target toxicities are frequent, including in the skin, where patients can develop severe rashes that are difficult to treat. Here, Friedman and colleagues screened small molecules to identify those that blocked the binding of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab to EGFR. The most promising molecule, SDT-011, reduced the binding affinity of cetuximab to EGFR and reactivated EGFR signaling in vitro and in human skin ex vivo. In addition, topical application of SDT-011 penetrated hair follicles and sebaceous glands. These findings suggest that SDT-011 could potentially treat the on-target skin toxicities experienced by those taking EGFR inhibitors. —Melissa Norton


In recent years, many hydraulic, sediment, and environmental researchers focused their studies on river junction hydrodynamics. River junction is an important morphological element of river systems. The incoming flow from a minor branch causes extensive variation of flow velocity, flow discharge, and sediment discharge which results in flow turbulence in the main channel. The main characteristic of river confluence is the dimensions of flow separation zone. This zone is developed from the downstream edge where the minor branch enters and extends to some distance downstream into the main channel. There are few parameters affecting the separation zone extension including the discharge ratio (Qr) the width ratio (Br) and the downstream Froude number (Frd). The effect of these parameters have been investigated on the separation zone length (L) and width (H). Experimental tests have been conducted in a 90 degree junction. The results show that as Qr increase L and H increases and as Frd increases the value of L and H decreases. In this study relations were developed which can be used for prediction of separation zone dimensions. The mean value of separation zone shape index also has been determined.


The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among information resources use, critical thinking, and nursing information literacy competency, and then to identify predictors of nursing information literacy competency in nursing students. The self-reported questionnaires were administered to 118 senior nursing students in two universities, J city. As results of multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting nursing information literacy competency in nursing students were critical thinking ( β =.54, p <.001) and electronic information resources use ( β =.27, p <.001), explained 44% of the total variance (F=44.96, p <.001). Based on our results, a educational program for strengthening critical thinking disposition and use of electronic information resources is needed to be developed to improve nursing information literacy competency of nursing students.


We know students tend to participate and engage more with the material we teach when grades are assigned. However, we wanted to determine if using a game to increase student motivation without assigning grades was effective in our large introductory human physiology course. One component of the lecture course are mandatory tutorials. Our seven tutorial groups were made into teams and these teams were awarded points throughout the year based on scoring parameters set out by the game. Two years of the course served as a control with the same assignments and evaluations, and the alternating subsequent years served as the experimental condition where the game was incorporated. It was hypothesized that the use of a game would increase time on task and student engagement. We predicted that in a completion assignment, students would do more productive work if there was a point based game that did not provide them with extra marks. For each year of the study, there were 4 assignments assigned using the website PeerWise. Here, students derived an online repository of multiple choice questions. For each assignment, they created and posted 2 multiple choice questions. To complete their assignment, they then had to answer 5 questions and provide feedback on those questions authored by their peers. For completion of all components of the assignment on time, they were awarded 1% for their final grade, for a total of 4% for these assignments. Overall, students had to write 8 questions, then answer and comment on 20 questions to earn full grades for the assignments. Within the site, students also earned badges for certain types of performances. For example, badges were awarded for authoring a question, or for answering 10 questions in a row correctly. These were not recognized for the completion grade, but were used as a component of the scoring point system in the second experimental year. In control year 1 (N=518) and control year 2 (N=566), students posted the same total number of questions, with a mean of 7.6 for the year, which was below the threshold for full marks. However, in each year of the competition (N = 519 and N= 567), the total number of questions posted by students was significantly higher with a mean of 8.2 and 8.4, p < 0.05 (one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's post‐hoc). Interestingly, students in all years answered more questions than required by the assignments, but was significantly higher in both competition years (75.99 questions) compared to the years when there was no competition (58.45 questions), p <0.05 (unpaired t‐test). When badges were recognized for points, students earned significantly more badges on PeerWise compared to the control year of study, p <0.05 (unpaired t‐test) with a mean of 20.1 in the control year and 31.2 in the competition. Another interesting finding was that students had better attendance in tutorial for the years of the course when we incorporated a competition. These data suggest that students may have developed camaraderie while earning points together with the goal of winning a year‐end tutorial pizza party. Our data suggest that students can be encouraged to do more productive work in a course when they are playing a game as a part of their course work. We hope to further this analysis to determine if other aspects of student's work were improved due to competition, including quality of questions that they created and overall performance in the course.


The construction of satellite remotely sensed(RS) data platform is studied,which depends on the DVBS data receiving system as the core,the disk array system as the storage center and the campus LAN as data exchange network.Meteorological and environmental satellites data can be received and processed by the platform such as NOAA AVHRR,Terra/Aqua MODIS and China's FY1D.The basic platform conducts the RS data concentrated storage and distributed analysis applications which greatly extends the functions of DVBS system and supports the data and achievements sharing for multi-disciplines including geography,ecology,resources and environment science.The running of data platform improves the university's research and education capability on macro scale studies.


Aims:  To determine the effect of water activity (aw = 0·880–0·960) and temperature (15–35°C) on the percentage of viable conidia and mycelial growth of three biocontrol agents effective against water hyacinth in Mali: Alternaria sp. isolate Mlb684, Fusarium sacchari isolate Mln799 and Cadophora malorum isolate Mln715.


ABSTRACT - This experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance in feedlot finishing period of steers with genotype of 100 Hereford (H), 62/38 H Nellore (N), 50/50 HN, 25/75 HN. Twenty-four steers, twenty months old, feedlot confined by 126 days, were used. The diet with 12.7% of crude protein, was constituted by 57.5:42.5 forage to concentrate ratio on dry matter (DM) basis. The forage was corn silage + chopped sugar cane (relation 1:1). The regression was significant for the average daily weight gain (= .59910+ .02068X- .00013X2; r2= .8890; P<.0041), daily DM intake (=4.76025+ .13037X- .00099X2; r2= .9369; P<.0010), DM intake per metabolic weight (=67.64281+ .60047X- .00475X2; r2= .7883; P<.0206) and expressed as percentage of live weight (=1.9217 + .0169X - .00012X2; r2= .6624; P<.0466), with X as the percentage of H. The average daily gain was lower for 25/75 HN steers which also showed the lowest DM intake. The dry matter intake per metabolic weight was higher for 62/38 HN, followed by the 50/50HN, and lower for 100H and 25/75 HN. The feed:gain ratio was not affected by the genetic groups. There was an expressive decrease in steers daily weight gain, when the proportion of Nellore surpassed 50%.


Primordial bud formation in Coprinus lagopus is strictly light dependent, but only exposure to light is required. However, continued exposure to light is mandatory for further development and hymenium differentiation into a mature basidiocarp. Without light, the stipe of the primordial bud elongates as if the basidiocarp is maturing and the primordial bud eventually aborts. The optimum light intensity is less than 1 ft-c at a wavelength of 410–450 nm. It is possible that cap and stipe are initiated by the same stimulus, but further development of each is under different controls. The former is light dependent whereas the latter is not.The primordial bud development was studied at daily intervals for 3 days until meiosis started and their structural differentiations were studied by paraffin section and squash preparations. The cap of the primordial bud has three zones: the veil, the hymenium, and the stipe. The veil cells are large and multinucleate and lack clamp connections. The stipe includes a central ...


Abstract The asymmetrical DNA duplex [5′-d(AAGGGACTTTCQ]·[5′-d(GGAAAGTCCCTT)] has been studied by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. The sequence is comprised of the actual 10 base-pair long binding site for the transcription factor NF-κB in the enhancer sequence of the long term repeat (LTR) region of HIV and SIV types of retroviruses associated with the AIDS syndrome. Two additional A·T base-pairs are also included on one end for an added interest in the 12-bp duplex sequence with a pseudo dyad-symmetric disposition of the oligopurine and oligopyrimidine segments, as it appears in the HIV-1 genome. Phasesensitive two-dimensional spectra (NOESY, ROESY, COSY and TOCSY) were obtained at three different temperatures (5,15 and 25°C) for a complete assignment of the non-exchangeable protons by tracing through sequence specific intra- and internucleotide connectivities. 2D- NOESY spectra were also acquired in aqueous (90% H20-D20) solutions, with two different methods of water signal suppression, to assi...


Gray mold is a disease that often occurs in postharvest tomato fruits, leading to a significant decline in the fruits' quality. In production, pesticides are mostly used to control gray mold, which negatively affect both the environment and food safety. The purpose of this article is to study the effects of linalool fumigation on controlling gray mold in tomato fruits and to further investigate the mechanism of linalool function, so as to provide technical support and a theoretical basis for the application of linalool in the green control of tomato gray mold. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that linalool fumigation had a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and that the fumigation of linalool inhibited the expansion of pathogens on tomato fruits. The disease index of tomato fruits in the linalool treatment was always lower than that of the control within 72 h after inoculation with Botrytis cinerea; at the end of experiment, the disease index of the control reached 100.0, which was only 8.0 with the 30 μL/L linalool treatment. Linalool fumigation increased the antioxidant capacity of the tomato fruits under Botrytis cinerea infection through regulating activities of SOD, POD and CAT as well as the ascorbic acid (AsA) content, which could be responsible for the lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Linalool fumigation increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in tomato fruits, indicating that secondary metabolism was involved in the function of linalool in the regulation of tomato fruit resistance to pathogens. As the main enzymes related to cell structure, polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL) and β-galactosidase (β-GAL) were inhibited by linalool, which could protect cell wall structures from damage, and strengthened the mechanical barrier against pathogen access to fruit flesh.


This paper reports on the development of a multi-agent cellular automata model of pedestrian movement and decision making within the built environment. The approach will lead to a system that may serve as a tool in the design process to better understand how a design will influence user behaviour.


THE THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASING DEMAND FOR THE NOISE IMPACT ASSESMENT BY HIGH-SPEED TRAINS DUE TO THE EXPANSION OF HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY. THIS PAPER PROVIDES STRATEGIES FOR THE EVALUATION AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL NOISE IMPACT RESULTING FROM PROPOSED HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY. FIRSTLY THE NOISE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE RAILWAY NOISE HAVE BEEN REVIEWED, AND THE STRATEGIES OF THE NOISE IMPACT ASSESMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY NOISE ABATEMENT HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED.


We study the size dependency of heat conduction in one-dimensional diatomic FPU-β lattices and establish that for low dimensional material, contribution from optical phonons is found more effective to the thermal conductivity and enhance heat transport in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞. For the finite size, thermal conductivity of 1D diatomic lattice is found to be lower than 1D monoatomic chain of the same size made up of the constituent particle of the diatomic chain. For the present 1D diatomic chain, obtained value of power divergent exponent of thermal conductivity 0.428±0.001 and diffusion exponent 1.2723 lead to the conclusions that increase in the system size, increases the thermal conductivity and existence of anomalous energy diffusion. Existing numerical data supports our findings.


The decline in economics majors is explained by the coincidental decline in demand for business majors and the falling rate of return to majoring in economics.


S. Medvedev, Professor of the Public Policy Department, State University - Higher School of Economics, I. Tomashov, BA Student of the Public Policy Department, State University - Higher School of EconomicsThe growing role of Russia on the world stage makes us reassess and suggest new mechanisms of development of Russia's so-called "Soft Power". Cooperation in the field of higher education is one of the ways of improving Russia's image abroad. Nowadays Russia has enough will and resources to change its position on the international education market from the supplier of students and specialists to the provider of education services. Promoting "Russian Dimension" in European education may become the first step on the way of internationalization of education in Russia. The experience of individual European countries and of the EU shows that, first of all, Russian government has to ensure that foreign students and specialists coming to Russia are supported both financially and logistically. Secondly, it is necessary to create a special federal agency for promoting Russian education abroad and the network of its offices in different European countries. Finally, Russia has to adopt a strategy of internationalization of its education and to launch a variety of programs designed for foreign students interested in Russian studies.


Nevo, Santos, and Wilson constructed $2^{\Omega(N^d)}$ combinatorially distinct simplicial $(2d-1)$-spheres with $N$ vertices. We prove that all spheres produced by one of their methods are constructible. Combining this with prior results of Kalai, Lee, and Benedetti--Ziegler, we conclude that for all $D \ge 3$, there are $2^{\Theta(N^{\lceil D/2 \rceil})}$ constructible simplicial $D$-spheres with $N$ vertices. When $D = 3$ or $D$ is even, this asymptotics also holds for the number of shellable spheres.


Modern applications demand extremely low power budgets in computer architectures for battery-operated devices. In the particular case of implantable devices —the main focus of this thesis— the system must have a long life span and batteries may not be possible or easy to recharge. In addition to power, chip area is also of major concern in this specific scenario. Since implantable devices are sometimes placed at locations inside the body where limited space is available, the implant must be as small as possible. The vast amount of volume of an implant is typically occupied by the battery and its electrodes, so the affordable chip area is very limited. Another reason why we want very small processor cores, is because this approach leaves more space for cache memory and it statistically reduces the chance of hardware failures. In this thesis we focus on the arithmetic unit (AU) of such a core, which is typically the adder/subtracter. The goal is to explore existing fault-tolerant and low-power AUs which are suitable for implementation in biomedical implants. A second objective is to study our own idea for a resource-constrained AU, based on graceful degradation: the so-called scalable arithmetic unit (ScAU). When an error occurs, the ScAU is able to proceed with the computational work, but no longer at the normal throughput: instead of single-cycle we downgrade to double-cycle operations. The design of our ScAU as well as several reference designs are all implemented in VHDL, synthesized and analyzed using Synopsys Design Compiler/PrimeTime and ModelSim. A major part of this thesis is dedicated to fault-tolerant design. An extensive study among common and less frequently employed error-detection schemes is performed. Finally, an error-detection scheme is chosen, applied to the ScAU, as well as to the reference designs for providing fair comparisons. A simple error-correction scheme is implemented as well. The fault-tolerant ScAU proves to have some very interesting advantages over the current state of the art. The fault-tolerant ScAU saves 17% of area, with a speedup of 12% for a 7.3% increase in power consumption, compared to the conventional technique with the lowest costs. Because of these savings, the power-delay-area product reduces by almost 21%. Under specific circumstances, our fault-tolerant ScAU is even capable of saving both area and power.


Background: The Aberrant labial frenum results in diastema and gingival recession thereby compromising the esthetic and functional needs of the patient. The classical frenectomy technique by Archer is an extensive procedure which results in Unaesthetic scaring of the tissue, loss of interdental papilla. To overcome these drawbacks, Miller introduced a newer technique where he combined the frencetomy technique with laterally displaced flap. The main advantage of this technique is that the healing takes place by primary intention with no scaring of the tissue. Therefore the Aim of the present study is to find out whether Frenectomy by millers technique overcomes the drawbacks of the classical technique.
Materials and Methods: 23 year old male patient with abnormal frenum was selected for frenectomy by miller's technique.
Conclusion: The main advantages of this technique is healing by primary intention, no scaring, and formation of thick zone of attached gingiva. We were able to achieve the above in our case.


Dopamine is an endogenous catecholamine that preferentially reduces renal vascular resistance and increases glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and solute excretion in normal subjects.1 In contrast to norepinephrine, it increases cardiac output and aortic pressure without raising systemic vascular resistance (Table⇓) and increases rather than decreases renal blood flow. Hence, dopamine was suggested as a potentially valuable pharmacological agent for treatment of cardiogenic and septic shock,2 3 particularly in patients who were oliguric. Even at low doses (ie, <5 μg · kg−1 · min−1), at which hemodynamic effects are relatively small, it raises glomerular filtration and causes modest diuresis in normal subjects that might protect against acute renal failure in oliguric patients who are in shock or heart failure.4 5 6 7 The synthetic catecholamine dobutamine was introduced later and had many features similar to those of dopamine but without preferential renal vasodilation.8 However, at high infusion rates, dobutamine enhances cardiac output, stroke index, and O2 transport more effectively than dopamine,9 and it also minimizes afterload on the left ventricle. Dobutamine now is more often used for hemodynamic support in heart failure or cardiogenic shock, although the 2 drugs are sometimes used together for their complementary effects. Low-dose or so called "renal-dose" dopamine, however, has become widely used in intensive care units for its presumed protective effect on renal function in patients undergoing major surgical procedures, patients with refractory heart failure, and patients with cardiorespiratory failure who are receiving ventilatory support. In these settings, it is often considered to be relatively free of serious adverse effects. However, as pointed out by van de Borne et al10 in this issue of Circulation , there are two …


Literacy and Technology, Myron C. Tuman. Part 1 Computers and New Forms of Texts: Literature in the Electronic Writing Space, Jay David Bolter Opening Hypertext - A Memoir, Ted Nelson. Part 2 Computers and New Forms of Teaching English: Hypertext, Metatext, and the Electronic Canon, George Landow Dominion Everywhere - Computers as Cultural Artifacts, Helen Schwartz. Part 3 Computers and New Forms of Critical Thought: Looking Out - The Impact of Computers on the Lives of Professionals, Stanley Aronowitz Grammatology (in the Stacks) of Hypermedia - A Simulation, Greg Ulmer. Part 4 Computers and New Forms of Administrative Control: The Electronic Panopticon - Censorship, Control, and Indoctrination in a Post-Typographic Culture, Eugene Provenzo Naturalizing the Computer - English Online, Victor Raskin. Part 5 Computers and New Forms of Knowledge: Digital Rhetoric - Theory, Practice, and Property, Richard Lanham How We Knew, How We Know, How We Will Know, Pamela McCorduck. Final Thoughts, Myron C. Tuman.


Cysteine is generally considered the rate limiting substrate for GSH synthesis. However, there are no studies which have looked at whether GSH synthesis responds to graded levels of cysteine intake. The goal of this study was to determine whether increasing cysteine intake with methionine set at the estimated average requirement (EAR) of 14mg/kg/d and a protein intake of 1g/kg/d will result in increased GSH synthesis. We hypothesized that as cysteine intake increases, GSH synthesis will increase up to a point at which further increases in cysteine will have no effect on GSH synthesis.


Mobile edge computing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) suffers from rogue edge attacks due to the vehicle mobility and the network scale. In this paper, we present a physical authentication scheme to resist rogue edge attackers whose goal is to send spoofing signals to attack VANETs. This authentication scheme exploits the channel states of the shared ambient radio signals of the mobile device and its serving edge such as the onboard unit during the same moving trace and applies reinforcement learning to select the authentication modes and parameters. By applying transfer learning to save the learning time and applies deep learning to further improve the authentication performance, this scheme enables mobile devices in VANETs to optimize their authentication modes and parameters without being aware of the VANET channel model, the packet generation model, and the spoofing model. We provide the convergence bound such as the mobile device utility, evaluate the computational complexity of the physical authentication scheme, and verify the analysis results via simulations. Simulation and experimental results show that this scheme improves the authentication accuracy with reduced energy consumption against rogue edge attacks.


Aims: Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEA) is composed mainly of tall columnar cells arranged in an irregular acinar or cribriform pattern with extensive central necrosis, closely resembling the appearance of intestinal epithelial and colorectal carcinomas under the microscope. PEA is usually positive for CK7. However, some cases lack CK7 expression and are positive for intestinal differentiation markers, such as CDX2, villin, and CK20. It is difficult to distinguish between PEA and pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma (MCRC), so new identification methods need to be explored. Methods and Results:We found that SATB2 was highly tissue-specific by bioinformatics analysis. It is highly expressed in intestinal tissues, and its expression level in lung tissues is very low. Then, according to the WHO diagnostic criteria, the cases of lung tumor were preliminary screened to obtain PEA and MCRC cases. In the preliminary screening process, immunohistochemical staining of common lung adenocarcinoma immunomarkers (CK7, TTF-1, and NapsinA) and common intestinal cancer immunomarkers (CK20, CDX2, and villin) were performed to aid identification. Then, after combined with clinical history, imaging examination and colonoscopy, 28 primary PEA specimens and 42 MCRC specimens were final included. The above process was independently reviewed by two pathologists. PEA and MCRC had differences in the number of tumor nodules. The positive rates of SATB2 in PEA and MCRC were 0.00% and 92.86%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of SATB2 for distinguishing MCRC from PEA were 92.86%, 100% and 95.71%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of CK7 was 88.57%, which was slightly inferior to SATB2, and the results of CK7 could be used as a reference for SATB2 differential diagnosis. Conclusions:Our study showed that SATB2 can be viewed as the best immunomarkers for distinguishing PEA from MCRC. At the same time, CK7 could be used as references for SATB2 differential diagnosis.


Joints in rock act as avenues for the flow of both electrical charge and water. Therefore methods which can efficiently map anisotropic distribution of electrical pathways should also provide a good indication of hydraulic anisotropy. The azimuthal electrical resistivity survey method has been successfully used as a method for determining the trend(s) of generally local joint sets in a variety of rock and soil types. This study, which is a regional study, demonstrates that the azimuthal resistivity method can be a reliable method for determining the trend of regional joint sets within the Silurian-Devonian dolomite, a single rock type, in southeastern Wisconsin. In particular the study demonstrates on a regional scale the consistency of azimuthal resistivity survey results with results from direct observation of joints and from the analysis of numerous multiple-well-aquifer tests conducted nearby. For this study, 26 azimuthal resistivity surveys were conducted at 17 sites scattered throughout the approximately 500 km2 area around Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Direct observation by previous workers have shown two major sets of joints within the dolomite at 24 sites throughout southeastern Wisconsin. Azimuthal resistivity surveys for this study have been able to reproduce the average observed joint trend to within 3 degrees. In addition, the transmissivity ellipses from 14 multiple-well-aquifer tests in nearby Mequon, Wisconsin are compared with the apparent resistivity ellipse results from azimuthal resistivity surveys. The average tend of maximum transmissivity obtained from this study's azimuthal resistivity surveys is within 6 degrees of the average trend of maximum transmissivity determined by multiple-well-aquifer tests. In addition, the azimuthal resistivity surveys may be can differentiated between which of the joints sets should dominate the flow of water.


Abstract We investigate some properties of functions belonging to the Zahorski classes. In particular, we answer the question: Is it possible to find close to a function from ith Zahorski class (i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) a function belonging to exactly the same Zahorski class and having a special (local) properties connected with the entropy?


This article explores the usefulness of communities of practice theory for understanding how districts can create organizational environments that foster teachers' opportunities to learn the new ideas and practices required to carry out ambitious reforms. It draws on data from a longitudinal study of the implementation of ambitious mathematics curricula in two urban districts. By analyzing the contrasting ways that teachers in two schools in each district were linked to each other and reform efforts at the district level, the article shows how the district reform effort in one district led to significant opportunities for teacher learning and alignment with reform goals while efforts in the other district coordinated action but failed to spur meaningful opportunities for teacher learning. The article closes with implications for policy and practice.


The GSA/ED co-funded FP7 project GINA addresses the adoption of EGNOS/Galileo in the road sector considering technical and economical large-scale feasibility and positive impacts in aspects such as congestion and pollution. The project leverages on the analysis of the context for a nationwide GNSS-based road pricing (and VAS) solution, with emphasis on business aspects, implementation of a nation-wide large-scale demonstrator of GNSS-based road pricing (having the Dutch ABvM system as a reference) and VAS (with real end-users requirements) and a solid dissemination strategy. This paper addresses the project analysis phase and the setting up of the demonstrator in the Netherlands.


One-step protocol for synthesizing Au@SiO2 yolk-shell nanoparticles (YSPs) from tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4), tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), and l-arginine in water is reported. Arginine,...


High and low Verbal Ability Ss responded to 12 trigrams presented in a Gerbrands tachistoscope. The trigrams varied in meaningfulness (low, medium, high) as defined by Noble's a' scale and were homogeneous in pronounceability. All Ss received the trigrams in the same order with meaningfulness counterbalanced over the first and second half of the series. Contrary to expectation recognition thresholds tended to vary directly with meaningfulness, but only for words in the second half of the list. These findings were discussed in terms of their implications for previously observed relationships between frequency of usage, meaningfulness, and recognition thresholds for words and nonsense material.


This chapter traces the story of a Spanish anarchist community in the industrial Midwest, its pattern of settlement and place in the transnational anarchist network. Jesse Cohn examines how a group of expatriate Spanish anarchists made their way from the Canal Zone to this little Ohio River valley town, located far from the large urban centers of immigrant radicalism. "R. Lone," the pseudonym for a steelworker named Jesús Lóuzara de Andrés from Galicia (1891-1973) who was part of the Grupo "Los Iconoclastas," published the Revista Única that reached out to the transnational anarchist community with a survey on anarchism and connected with the larger anarchist print network.


The effect of continuous equal channel angular pressing on microstructure and mechanical property of pure copper is investigated. The results show that the equiaxed grain with the grain size of about 2.5μm is achieved under 250℃ after 8 passes of CECAP; the grain size of about 0.7μm and 0.4μm are achieved under 160℃ after 8 and 12 passes of CECAP. The microhardness can be increased from 63HV to 135HV,the ultimate strength is up to 428MPa and the elongations to failure are within the range 9%~12%.


We study a minimal flavor-violating extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, where higher-dimensional operators in the K\"ahler potential induce tree-level nonholomorphic Higgs couplings that are controlled by the scale of the physics beyond the minimal supersymmetric standard model and analyze their possible impact on $CP$ violation in ${B}_{s}$ and ${B}_{d}$ mixing. We consider results on the time-dependent $CP$ asymmetries in ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\phi}$ and ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}{f}_{0}$ from LHCb, in ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\phi}$ from CDF and D0 and in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}{K}_{S}$ from the $B$ factories as well as the measurement of an anomalous like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry at D0. Taking into account the stringent bounds on the branching ratio of the rare ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay, we investigate to which extent the framework allows to address the observed $(2\char21{}3)\ensuremath{\sigma}$ discrepancies in fits of the unitarity triangle. We find that a nonstandard ${B}_{d}$ mixing phase, that is in agreement with the current bounds on $CP$ violation in ${B}_{s}$ mixing, requires the presence of higher-dimensional operators both in the K\"ahler potential and the superpotential. The corresponding region of parameter space is characterized by small $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}5$, a light Higgs spectrum with masses below $\ensuremath{\lesssim}400\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and will be probed by future measurements at LHCb.


Nowadays global warming and thermal islands in modern cities are spending much energy on heating and cooling spaces. Geothermal energy considered a renewable energy technology for space heating and cooling. The ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are increasingly interested in their expressive potential to reduce fossil fuel consumption and hence reduce greenhouse gases. Geothermal energy used for both electricity generation and direct use, depending on the temperature and the chemistry of the resources. Recently, direct utilization has varied significantly, and there are several methods available for temperatures typically ranging from 4°C up to 80°C. (Lund J.W., 2012). This paper presents a comprehensive literature-based review of ground source heat pump technology, cooling, and heating applications buildings to achieve precisely human thermal comfort. Subsequently, propose the influence factors of the system components that would undoubtedly reflect on the optimal design of the building. As a result, achieve precisely an integrated building.


Interior of workshop area; [The buildings contain a hundred sleeping rooms for teachers and students, study halls, a hall for work and one for recreation, a library and a refectory. There is also a church, where the monks practice, and the circulation, which connects all the parts (the achievement of the traditional cloister form is rendered impossible here by the slope of terrain)]. In La Tourette, the public spaces, particularly the central atrium, are stimulated by the rhythmic play of the lines of the "musical walls" or "pans de verre ondulatoire," (designed by Xenakis) whereas the static concrete box of the adjacent church has vertical perforations that reach up behind the altar. The lateral chapels are animated with machine guns of light (mitraillettes a lumiere) painted in vibrant colors in the crypt and the sacristy. In 1960, speaking of this convent, Le Corbusier evoked a theme that he had been working on since the 1940s: "When a work reaches its maximum level of intensity, proportion, quality of execution, and perfection, a phenomenon of ineffable space occurs: the places radiate, physically they radiate. They become what I call "ineffable space," that is to say, an impact based not on dimensions but on perfection. This is about the ineffable domain." Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.oxfordartonline.com/ (accessed 5/7/2011)


The Australian Council of Deans of Science (ACDS) engaged the University of Tasmania to undertake a study of the initiatives currently exercised by Australian universities to recruit Indigenous students into science courses and, once enrolled, to support them through to completion. In light of the increasing emphasis on holistic support (i.e. faculty-level and university-level) for Indigenous students, this pilot study, run from the University of Tasmania's College of Sciences and Engineering in collaboration with the University of Wollongong, sought to examine how such recruitment and support initiatives were operative on a faculty-level in Australian universities.
In June 2019, invitations to an on-line survey were sent to the 37 member institutions of the ACDS, both the student admissions department (survey later discontinued, see below) and the science colleges/faculties/departments. The focus of the second survey was to understand how the university's science college/faculty/department engaged towards Indigenous students in the following areas: recruitment; enrolment support and pathways; degree/course support; graduation and scholarships, and; research recruitment and training. Of the contacted institutions, 11 responded and took part in the survey. Responses were then re-presented in tables to undertake comparative analysis between the initiatives of participant institutions.
The results demonstrate that initiatives to engage, recruit, retain and graduate Indigenous students largely do not operate at the college/faculty/department level. Instead, such initiatives are run at the university-level by specific departments (e.g. student admissions, scholarships and bursaries) or are led by the university's specialist Indigenous support unit. Where the science college/faculty/department was found to be involved in engagement and support initiatives, this tended to be at the recruitment stage through the provision of school-visitation and mentoring programs.
The report concludes with a set of recommendations to the ACDS and its member institutions to address the shortcomings highlighted within this study. These recommendations entail the formulation and implementation of recruitment and support initiatives for Indigenous students, run by the member colleges/faculties/departments themselves, guided by counsel acquired through consultation with Indigenous communities, Indigenous support units and Indigenous graduates. It is hoped that this report will assist in the increase in the enrolment, retention and graduation of Indigenous students in undergraduate, postgraduate and research science degrees.


The thesis "Communication strategy of the Czech Mountainbiking Asociation" is engaded in fields of marketing communications, which are applicated to specificity of non-profit sector. The theoretical part describes common theory of non-profit sector and marketing communication. This thesis analyses Czech Mountainbiking Asociation marketing communication and the execution of its communication activities. The findings on the state of current communication are implemented into marketing research of CeMBA's membership base. Research results are put into propositions for organization's communication strategy for the next calendar year.


The amount prediction of gas emitted from the mine is very important matter for safety which has been researched by means of all kinds of neural networks. In this paper, wavelet neutral network (WNN) was applied to the prediction system base on grey correlation analysis, which was used for the pre-processing of input and output data sequence. The test results obtained show that the new prediction system has faster convergence and more accurate prediction compared with those of no data pre-processing by grey correlation analyses.


The objective of this paper was to examine the functionality of two microsatellite primers as their polymorphism levels were determined for select Novi Sad wheat genotypes. Chosen as representatives of Gater-sleben wheat microsatellites (GWM) were two sets of microsatellite primers, GWM 165 and GWM539, which had been described according to RODER et al. (1998a; 1998b). Twenty five wheat genotypes from the World Collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad were used in the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from the plant materials using a modification of the PLASCHKE et al. (1995) method. PCR amplification of the desired fragments was carried out in a volume of 30 ul (Eppendorf thermocycler) according to RODER et al. (1998b). The PAGE conditions were implemented according to GALOV1C et al. (2004). The GWM539 set, with six different alleles, showed a higher level of polymorphism than GWM165, in which three different alleles were detected for the locus concerned.


Examples of drone use in agriculture are increasing, along with accidents. In particular, crashes and contact by drones may cause serious damage. To avoid accidents caused by propellers, we moved the propellers inside the drone and used the Coandă effect to produce thrust. The purpose of this research was to optimize thrust. Design optimization involves multiple design and objective variables, and the resultant enormous number of combinations creates substantial calculation costs of fluid simulation for the performance evaluation of just one design candidate. We propose an effective design method based on a self-organizing map to evaluate and visualize a relatively small number of design candidates from which the optimum candidate can be selected. We created 108 design candidates in 3D CAD software (Autodesk Inventor) and evaluated the propulsive force required for flight with 6 design variables in the propulsion mechanism in a fluid simulator (Autodesk CFD). We set objective variables of propulsive power and weight and visualized them by use of the self-organizing map. The evaluation index of the optimized candidates was about 7% better than basis.


Educators are increasingly looking to neuroscience for guidance to improve classroom instruction and to teach their students about the nervous system. Although materials to assist teachers are available, many educators still have misconceptions about the brain. Twenty-three middle school teachers were trained to use the Sowing the Seeds of Neuroscience (neuroseeds.org) curriculum in their sixth, seventh, and eighth grade classrooms. The novel, hands-on, interactive lessons are aligned with Next Generation Science Standards and Common Core standards. The curriculum uses the "5Es" model of instruction to study the neuroactive properties of plants and increase students' neuroscience literacy. The lessons are designed to be culturally responsive by encouraging students to bridge their home and school experiences through an examination of medicinal plants used by their families, communities, and/or ancestors. Student pretest-posttest (N=1,240) results revealed that students significantly improved their neuroscience content knowledge after participating in the Sowing the Seeds of Neuroscience curriculum program. These findings suggest that this curriculum program is a promising resource for middle school educators who want to improve their students' neuroscience literacy.


This paper presents the work that we conducted for building the speech activity detection (SAD) systems for the phase 3 evaluation of the RATS program. The work focused on improving the SAD performance with the neural network (NN) approach. The major efforts include reducing the false rejections errors by extensions of speech regions in the training references and use of post-processing NNs, and removing channel variations by design of channel bottleneck features with the deep NN learning approach. With these efforts more 25% relative improvements were achieved over the phase 2 evaluation system. The bigger contribution of the design of the bottleneck features was the enhancement of the SAD system performance on new channels. Our results revealed that the bottleneck features were able to improve SAD performance on new channels significantly.


The copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2-aminophenethyl alcohols (I) leads selectively to indoles (II), whilst the analogous reaction of alcohols (III) gives rise to a mixture of quinolines (IV) and tetrahydroquinolinones (V).


Analyzes the basic principles and characteristics of the DC-DC regulator, analyzes and compares the performance and structure of the principle of linear regulator and switching regulator, and provides a variety of important factors in the actual situation of the DC-DC design. Describes to the basic method of power chip selection, and provides a reference for the DC power circuit design.


Lower production rates following months of governmental inspections is leading to reduced supply in TiO2 and its downstream segments, with coatings manufacturers among the worst affected.

The series of environmental controls across the TiO2 industry in China led to low operation rates for local producers and tightening supply for some products, prompting market participants' concern over the effect on market prices.

Despite September is normally a peak season for TiO2 products sales in China, the average operation rate for TiO2 companies was only around 50% this summer, due to interruptions related to the environmental inspections.

According to China TiO2 Association, the spate of controls is not only affecting TiO2or a specific province but, rather, it spreads across all provinces and industries including TiO2's downstream segments the like of coatings, plastics, oil, ink and paper.


This is an incorporated carrier which give all statistics approximately the metro rail and it's routes for public. The proposed device is an internet primarily based totally GUI software which presents statistics concerning timings, routes and fare. The software additionally has a entire module devoted for transactions in which even clever card may be supplied with out the person's bodily presence. This device consists of area monitoring facility which presents the cutting-edge area the usage of Google API. Recommendation device the usage of an ML set of rules can be carried out which recommends locations to go to nearby. The incorporated net software additionally consists of a function of elevating an emergency alert. Online Smart Card Availability in which a person can take a look at his card stability at his very own consolation while not having to go to metro stations. Keywords—API; GUI; Internet;


Each generation of computer architecture has brought new challenges to achieving high performance mathematical solvers, necessitating development and analysis of new algorithms, which are then embodied in software libraries. These libraries hide architectural details from applications, allowing them to achieve a level of portability across platforms from desktops to world-class high performance computing (HPC) systems. On the eve of exascale computing, traditional wisdom may no longer apply. A range of algorithmic techniques are emerging in the context of exascale computing, many of which defy the common wisdom of HPC and are considered unorthodox but could turn out to be a necessity in the near future.


In this paper we study the groups G whose integral group rings have hyperbolic unit groups U(ZG). We classify completely the torsion subgroups of U(ZG) and the polycyclic-by-finite subgroups of the group G. Finally, we classify the groups for which the boundary of U(ZG) has dimension zero.


Cruise POS484 was two fold. The second part was dedicated to seismic investigations of the Palinuro volcanic complex. Drilling had proven that the western segment of Palinuro hosts barite and massive sulfides distributed in layers of a few centimeters up to several meters thickness. During four days working time the western segment of Palinuro was investigated with 2D multichannel seismic and OBS observations for the first time. Four additional deep towed streamer profiles were dedicated to the high resolution imaging of the NE cone in the western segment where barite and sulfides had been found. Multibeam bathymetry will add to the existing mid resolution seafloor database.


Nano-composites comprised of a polymer matrix and various types of nanosized fillers have remained as one of the most important engineering materials and continue to draw great interest in the research community and industry. In particular, graphene based nano-composites with high thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical, electrical and optical properties, becomes important and promising filler for making the next generation, high performance composite materials.

Automotive and off-highway machinery industry are extensively viewed as being the industry in which the highest volume of advanced composite materials such as graphene based nano-composites will be used in the future to produce lighter, stronger, more energy-efficient, and safe vehicles. Design, modeling, analyzing and methods for large-scale production of the graphene based nano-composites in automotive and off-highway machinery applications considering it's mechanical, functional and interface properties between the graphene and polymer matrix under severe loading conditions is challenging, potentially due to nonlinear properties, joining of dissimilar materials and high demand of computations. While graphene based material strategies have been investigated and demonstrated to be effective for structural application in various industries includes electronics, electromechanical and energy systems, currently there is limited research highlighting the specific knowledge available for design engineers and researchers concerned with lightweight and stronger solutions by use of graphene based materials for automotive off-highway vehicle applications.

The present review presents, an overview of the latest studies that utilize graphene-based nanomaterials and their composites in automotive and off-highway machinery applications. First, the paper describes the concept of traditional composites used in present engineering industries considering its advantages and limitations, then highlights the key benefits of using nanostructured carbon material, such as graphene through some recent studies available in the literature. Then depicts the various mechanisms of integrating graphene as polymer reinforcements within composite materials, which have been found based on the survey, and their related modeling, designing, and manufacturing capabilities suitable for automotive and off-highway machinery industry. Finally outlines the available experimental evidence for graphene based composites. In order to lay the groundwork for future work in this exciting area, the paper discusses close by several future prospects as well as the current challenges in this field.


A carboxylic acid and its derivatives, wherein an ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid is heated in the presence of an organic reagent to decompose the salt and form an acid, or, if the organic reagent is an esterifying agent, to form a corresponding ester; Are disclosed. Both the acid and the ester can be dehydrated to produce the unsaturated counterpart.