In this paper, we propose a model of decentralized energy storages, who serve as instruments to shift energy supply intertemporally. From storages' perspective, we investigate their optimal buying or selling decisions under market uncertainty. The goal of this paper is to understand the economic value of future market information, as energy storages mitigate market uncertainty by forward-looking strategies.
At a system level, we evaluate different information management policies to coordinate storages' actions and improve their aggregate profitability: (1) providing a publicly available market forecasting channel; (2) encouraging decentralized storages to share their private forecasts with each other; (3) releasing additional market information to a targeted subset of storages exclusively. We highlight the perils of too much market information provision and advice on exclusiveness of market forecast channel.


With the construction experience of bituminous concrete pavement in Chang Ping highway,this paper introduces the quality control in the laying of bituminous concrete pavement,including the bituminous concrete inspection before construction,the spread out,the rolling and the linking seam treatment of bituminous concrete pavement,etc.


Members of the Opiinae subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are well known as important parasitoids of fruit fly larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae). They are widely used as biological control agents of fruit flies, especially the Bactrocera Macquart species that infest fruits. In this study, the larvae of fruit flies were collected from infested crops including star fruit, guava, wax apple and ridge gourd. The parasitized larvae were then reared under laboratory conditions until emergence of the adult parasitoids. Additionally, Malaise trap also was used to collect parasitoid species. The general concept of the multiplex PCR has been performed is to amplify two mitochondrial DNA markers, namely cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt b) simultaneously. Therefore, the lengthy process of reaction will be reduced. The status of the fruit fly species has also been confirmed by using COI marker on the early stage of the larvae. Maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Inference (BI) were implemented to h...


On the assumption of an infinite liquid crystal-to-substrate anchoring anisotropy with zero pretilt angle, the threshold voltage in a multidomain twisted nematic liquid crystal display (MTN-LCD), where the number of domains of each pixel is 4, is investigated analytically as a function of the pixel size and cell thickness. It is found that under some critical ratio of the pixel size to the cell thickness the threshold voltage can be strongly modulated by the ratio, i.e., the MTN-LCD exhibits threshold instability.


To enhance the capacity of a multiple input single output (MISO) system in wireless communications, the most widely used channel coding technique is the space time block coding (STBC). The outstanding orthogonal full rate STBC proposed by Alamouti is the most successful one and also very simple to implement, where only two transmit antennas and one receive antenna are used. As the number of antennas is increased beyond two, the orthogonality of the STBC is lost. Recent literature proposes a scheme known as the quasi-orthogonal STBC for full rate communication. It has been found that for 1/2 and 3/4 rate, the orthogonality of the code can be maintained. In this paper, we propose a system with a full rate orthogonal STBC for four symbols and eight transmit antenna MISO case. After comparing the performance of the proposed system with the existing models, we have found that the proposed scheme is the best in context of the probability of bit error (BER) consideration.


Endocrine disorders after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation result from the interaction between the underlying disease, host characteristics and treatment, including exposure to pre- and peri-transplant agents (chemotherapy and radiotherapy). In addition, post-transplantation factors, including graft-versus-host disease, and its treatment, especially glucocorticoids, also contribute to hormone deficiencies or endocrine disorders. Endocrinological alterations can be divided into six main groups: 1) Growth disorders; 2) Thyroid diseases; 3) Gonadal dysfunction; 4) Adrenal failure; 5) Osteometabolic disorders; 6) Obesity and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this article is to update screening recommendations and management approaches for the various endocrine diseases, defining populations at risk, recommendations during follow-up, and treatment strategies, with attention to controversial issues.


We examine linear dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in a dusty plasma with strongly correlated dust grains, and discuss possibility of a twisted DA vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). For our purposes, we use the Boltzmann distributed electron and ion density perturbations, the dust continuity and generalized viscoelastic dust momentum equations, and Poisson's equation to obtain a dispersion relation for the modified DAWs. The effects of the polarization force, strong dust couplings, and dust charge fluctuations on the DAW spectrum are examined. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the DAW can propagate as a twisted vortex beam carrying OAM. A twisted DA vortex structure can trap and transport dust particles in dusty plasmas.


The development of tourism, as one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, entails an increase in the recreational pressure on the visited territories. The research of modern landscapes shows that their use for recreational purposes can lead not only to significant negative changes in individual components, but also to fundamental disturbances and degradation of landscapes in general. In this connection, the systematic monitoring of the recreational pressure, the search for its optimal values, which do not entail the degradation of the landscape, is of particular relevance. Research of the recreational capacity of landscapes was started as far back as the twentieth century. Over the past decades, the standards of recreational pressure for the most common types of landscapes have been defined. Based on the developed methods of assessing the degree of recreational landscape digression, measures to improve the landscape have been proposed. It has been established that the increase in the economic effect from the development of tourism and recreation is possible on the basis of landscape and recreational analysis, which takes into account the individual characteristics of the territory when determining the permissible recreational pressure. The article briefly describes the main groups of landscape research methods used in determining the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape. The most important parameter on which the researchers rely when they calculate the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is the density of the recreational pressure. During research of the density of recreational pressure, some traditional methods of researching landscapes are applicable, for example, conducting reconnaissance routes. The analysis of approaches to the definition of permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is spent, a brief algorithm for conducting landscape research at the local level is given, and the example of creating the appropriate landscape maps is given. The article presents the results of landscape researches, conducted on the territory of the Vorotynsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The analysis shows that sustainable development of tourism and recreation can be based on the results of extensive research, including the establishment of landscape features of the territory and the determination of optimal types of recreational activities and the degree of its intensity for each natural-territorial complex.


Abstract With the development of technology and social demand, rockfill dam are built higher and higher. The Rumei earth core dam to be built in China will be the highest rockfill dam in the world. This study adopted a generalised plasticity model proposed by the authors in analysis of the static and dynamic performances of the Rumei dam. Indoor static and dynamic tests of the dam materials were conducted to study the mechanical properties of dam materials. Results showed that the generalised plasticity model can simulate both monotonic and dynamic loading stress paths of dam materials. Finite element models of the Rumei dam was established to analyse deformation, stress and pore pressure of the dam body, emphasis was placed on the evaluation of the earth core safety. Moreover, dynamic responses and residual deformation of the dam in design earthquake were simulated, results showed that the acceleration response and residual deformation were consistent with the engineering experience. The advantage of the model in this study is that the residual deformation of the dam during the earthquake could be directly obtained, no additional semi-empirical procedures were needed.


In 2002-2004,a natural nursery of rice blast was established in severe occurrence region of Pingnan County in Guangxi,and 2,384 late rice materials were tested and identified.The results showed that rice blast was severe in early rice(except the leaf blast),but was lesser for late rice;early cropping season was the best to select and identify the resistance materials.The breeding of induction should pay more attention to mixture of early,middle and late varieties to supply the need of resistant materials with different maturities;either parents or at least one of that having blood relationship resistant to blast would be contributed to select materials with strong resistance to rice blast.


We present post-compression of a TW class laser in a planar hollow waveguide. The viability of the compressed pulses for applications in strong-field physics is demonstrated by generating high-order harmonics in a gas jet.


As for the laser crystallization method of the present invention is applied to a slit having a predetermined pattern on a mask to obtain a thin film having a uniform crystallization characteristics without overlap X- and Y- overlapped in consideration of the reproducibility of the slit by a laser crystallization proceeds, providing a substrate with an amorphous silicon thin film is formed; A plurality of transmitting light of the transmission region the first block is separated by a blocking area to block the light to the third block, and formed to have a periodicity in the transmission region of the first block of the first mask pattern having the A position, the two formed a second mask pattern, and so as to have a periodicity in the transmission area of the third block is formed to have a periodicity in the transmission region of the second block with the B position of the laser mask consisting of a third mask pattern has a C position positioning over the substrate; And a crystallizing step for the silicon thin film by irradiating a laser beam through the laser mask. Laser crystallization, crystallization sequential horizontal, overlapping X-, Y- overlap, 3-shot, shot mark


Abstract : A method was developed for measuring strain on interior surfaces of optically opaque objects using synchrotron X ray radiation. Images of small markers (20 micron) were recorded before and after straining using the special properties of synchrotron radiation. Strain is determined by measurement of the change in markers spacing using a special electrooptical method. Gage lengths of 100 microns are currently used and the strain resolution is on the order of 100 micro strain. The first generation version of the technique was used to study composite material behavior and some interesting results were obtained. Finite element studies were conducted to show that markers should be at least 5 diameters apart to avoid marker induced stiffening effects. A greatly improved second generation technique was largely developed. Improvements resulted in order of magnitude increase in the area recorded per radiograph and in the speed of processing the results. These improvements were based on the development of a new marker fabrication technology and a redesigned automated marker positioning measurement system. Measurement error and reliability was also improved. The method can be used for samples up to the atomic number of titanium. One additional minor improvement is needed to begin full utilization of the method.


Introduction: Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 experienced increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a, resulting in a cytokine storm condition. This study compares TNF-a levels between pregnant women infected and not infected with Covid-19 in the 3rd trimester.Methods: This observational research was conducted with cross sectional design. Our study included pregnant women who came to delivery room/inpatient at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya before or during the labor period between May and June in 2021. The inclusion criteria were 3rd trimester gestational age or > 28 weeks with SARS-RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab result. The exclusion criteria were all significant pregnancy complications. The pregnant woman coming to the delivery room will be screened for COVID-19, and blood samples will be examined using the flow cytometry method for the cytokine Th1: TNF-?.Results: There were no significant differences in TNF-a levels in pregnant women who were infected and not infected with COVID-19 (median 3.42 (7.24) pg/ml vs. 2.70 (3.06) pg/ml. p=0.138). There were also no significant differences in TNF-a levels in pregnant women with symptomatic vs. asymptomatic COVID infection (3.21(3.97) vs. 2.41(2.71) pg/ml; p=0.314).Conclusion: This study revealed no significant difference in TNF-a serum level between SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women with normal pregnant women.


Commercialization of new high-tech products is often the costliest
stage of the entire product development process. Yet even when the
process is well managed, the risk of failure remains high. New high-
tech products usually have just one shot at the market. Get it wrong
and the consequences are invariably fatal. And though the launch
strategy is critical, this stage is largely neglected in the business press
and academic literature on high-tech marketing, innovation and new
product development. Furthermore, marketing of high technology
products and innovations are never to be the same as marketing of
the traditional products and services. Marketers have to deal with
customers' fear, uncertainty, and doubt about how to use and attain
the full benefits of using the product. Therefore it needs a different
marketing consideration, which is able to deal with uncertainty,
fear and doubt. One of the promotional methods that seem able to
accommodate these needs is personal selling.


The organic salt $\alpha$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$ is considered a model system for metal-insulator transition due to electronic charge ordering at $T_{\rm CO}=135$~K. The optical properties obtained from polarized reflection measurements above and below $T_{\rm CO}$ can be well described by calculations based on first-principle density-functional theory (DFT). We discuss the effect of electronic correlations on the metal-insulator transition.


In this work, the annealing textures in different thickness layers and the Lankford parameter (r‐value) in 2507 duplex stainless steel (DSS) are studied via tensile testing, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that 2507 DSS has poor formability, especially poor deep drawability and noticeable planar anisotropy after cold‐rolling with an average r‐value of 0.86, a planar anisotropy △r of −0.38, and an earring ratio of 7.43. The orientation distribution functions (ODFs) from the different thickness layers show that the texture mainly exists in the ferrite (α) phase, and there is a significant texture gradient in the thickness direction. The texture of the α phase has a strong α‐fiber texture (<110>//RD) and an undeveloped γ‐fiber recrystallization texture (<111>∥ND). The texture intensity of the austenite (γ) phase is weak and is mainly composed of Copper {112}<111>, Brass {110}<112>, Goss {110}<001>, and S {123} <634>. The {001}<110> texture component is highly intense in the α phase and is the dominant reason for the low Lankford parameter (r‐value), whereas the {112}<110> orientation is the main factor for the high planar anisotropy (Δr). The results of the grain orientations after tensile deformation in different directions show that the maximum volume fraction ratios for the {001} and {111} orientations are the root cause of the largest r‐value in the 45° direction.


This paper aims at highlighting initiatives in developing future statisticians directed at high-school and university levels in Niger. More specifically, it focuses on collaborations, partnerships, outreach initiatives and supporting mechanisms, which may contribute to increase engagement and interest in and attraction to the field of statistics in the era of data science and data-driven innovations. Providing sufficient exposure to modern statistical analysis, computational and graphical tools, written and oral communication skills, and the ever-growing interdisciplinary use of statistics are key activities for building future generations of statisticians. Furthermore, current curricula as well as pedagogical approaches, teaching materials, and assessment methods need to be re-thought in order tomeet the requirements of the skills needed in the 21st century ensuring effective interaction with scientists, public institutions, industry, civil society, and policy makers.
First published February 2020 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives


A ring oscillator normally has multiple phase outputs which can be programmed into different frequencies with adjustable phase. This idea is implemented into "flying-adder" architecture (Mair and Xiu, 2000). However, this architecture has a timing violation issue and the phase synthesis range only covers half cycle of the output clock. This paper proposed an improved architecture in which these problems are solved and the phase synthesis range is expanded from half clock cycle into full clock cycle. Compared to the prior art (Mair and Xiu, 2000), the improved architecture is much more practical


The twenty first century has been a period of major change
 for business organisations and industries. This has led to an ever
 greater interest in and demand for managers with not only the
 traditional subject knowledge and technical skills but also
 individual business skills. To meet these demands business schools
 are under pressure to adapt their courses appropriately and to
 innovate. For an undergraduate degree in business management, this
 includes both the structure of the degree, the subjects covered, the
 teaching methods used and the whole student learning experience. But
 innovation poses a major challenge for researchers and teachers
 alike – how can the effect of an innovation be measured or assessed?
 This paper assesses the current state of evaluation methods applied
 in Business Schools. Student feedback has emerged as the dominant
 approach, but application is still at a fairly basic level. A case
 example of evaluating the new first year redesign of the business
 management degree at City's Business School is used to illustrate
 the practical issues involved. Student feedback offers some
 indication of the success of the redesigned degree, but it does not
 entail any constructive dialogue between students and lecturers, and
 students often lack the skills to frame feedback constructively. The
 paper discusses the implications of changes in the business context
 for the evaluation methods used in Business Schools.


The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of transformational leadership behavior in manufacturing companies on the performance of their employees. The object of this research was conducted at PT. Tyfountex Indonesia is engaged in textiles. The research approach uses a descriptive quantitative approach. This research was conducted using a survey method, namely research that takes a sample from a population and the instrument used is a questionnaire with judgmental sampling. The results of this study indicate that transformational leadership in manufacturing companies at PT. Tyfountex Indonesia has a significant and positive effect on employee performance both partially and simultaneously.


Objective: This study aimed to establish a nomogram for predicting the risk of macrosomia in early pregnancy.Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study involving 1,549 pregnant women. According to the birth weight of newborn, the subjects were divided into two groups: macrosomia group and non-macrosomia group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for macrosomia.Results: The prevalence of macrosomia was 6.13% (95/1549) in our hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors of macrosomia were prepregnancy overweight (OR: 2.126, 95% CI: 1.181-3.826)/obesity (OR: 3.536, 95% CI: 1.555-8.036), multiparity (OR:1.877, 95% CI: 1.160-3.039), the history of macrosomia (OR: 36.971, 95% CI: 19.903-68.674), the history of GDM/DM (OR: 2.285, 95% CI: 1.314-3.976), the higher levels of HbA1c (OR: 1.763, 95% CI: 1.004-3.097) and TC (OR: 1.360, 95% CI: 1.004-1.842). A nomogram was developed for predicting macrosomia based on maternal factors related to the risk of macrosomia in early pregnancy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram was 0.807 (95% CI: 0.755–0.859), the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 0.716 and 0.777, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram model provides an accurate mothed for clinicians to early predict macrosomia.


The study aimed to identify risk factors associated with sleep‐related deaths of infants (0–24 months) in the province of Manitoba, Canada, between January 2009 and December 2018.


This paper describes the rolling model structure,the main theoretical ideas and the building process of the sub-models in Masteel CSP hot strip mills,focusing on the design process of the mechanical model.By the digestion of rolling model,it provides some guidance that improve the setting precision of the rolling model in Masteel CSP hot strip mills.


The dynamic analysis model of flight escape by ejection through canopy is created.And the theory involved in the process of ejection is described.Based on MSC Dytran,a general-purpose explicit nonlinear transient dynamic finite element code,the dynamic response of the ejection process and destruction of the canopy are simulated,and the results are compared with the test.On the basis of prior,a platform for analyzing and simulating the ejection process is developed bu the use of VC/MFC and OpenCASCADS,a virtual forming technology,and it is valuable for the engineering application.


Ligand-stabilised, water-soluble gold nanoparticles of two different size ranges (2-4 and 5-8 nm) are readily prepared using monohydroxy (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl) tetraethylene glycol as a novel capping agent. These nanoparticles are as stable as alkylthiol-capped monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) and do not aggregate from aqueous solution under a wide range of stringent conditions. It is expected that this new material will be useful for a number of bio-analytical applications.


Understanding both for whom and how interventions work is a crucial next step in providing personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with heterogeneity both within core ASD criteria and with respect to co‐occurring mental health challenges, which may affect their ability to benefit from intervention. In a secondary data analysis of a randomized control trial evaluating an executive function (EF) training with 70 7‐ to 11‐year‐old autistic children, we explored: (1) whether co‐occurring attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features at baseline moderated the extent to which children benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) the extent to which changes in a brain‐based measure of target engagement predicted the clinical outcomes of the EF training. This is a step towards asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved behavioral inhibition only for children with clinically significant co‐occurring ADHD features. Anxiety features, while prevalent, did not moderate EF training efficacy. Finally, for the EF training group only, there was a significant correlation between pre‐to‐post change in an EEG‐based measure of target engagement, N2 incongruent amplitude during a flanker task, and change in repetitive behaviors, a behavioral outcome that was reported in the parent RCT to have improved with training compared to waitlist control. This study provides preliminary evidence that EF training may differentially affect subgroups of autistic children and that changes at the neural level may precede changes in behavior.


"The character of the place on which one Stands is the fundamental symbolic and social question," Claims historian of religion Jonathan Z. Smith. From this sense of place, there follows a "whole language of Symbols and social structures." Studies of Methodist history have also considered sensitivity to Methodism's distinctive sense of place essential to their subject. It is now commonplace to observe that Methodism shattered the geographic bounds of church and parish in order to situate religion for activity across an open, unbounded terrain. This proved one of the most offending characteristics of its ministers, whose itineracy commonly violated civil laws intended to locate spatially religion. Within some traditions, the receipt of a "location" meant a minister received a church and thereby became a minister. Within Methodist discourse, granting a "location" has held quite the opposite meaning: it has meant a departure from the ministry.


The COVID-19 pandemic has not only created significant havoc in the world but has also opened doors to new opportunities for women entrepreneurs. The objective of this study is to examine case studies of women entrepreneurs to determine how they have taken advantage of the circumstances offered by COVID-19 to expand their businesses. To gain deeper insights about lived experiences of women entrepreneurs, the study uses semi-structured interviews to identify the strategies women entrepreneurs have adopted during times of social and economic upheaval. The findings indicate that women entrepreneurs responded to this crisis by accessing finance and using their innovative and creative skills to leverage e-commerce, often in the face of economic hardship. This study aims to contribute to policymakers' and practitioners' development of appropriate response strategies that focus on strengthening women entrepreneurs in Pakistan.


With good design for radio self-interference isolation and cancellation, full-duplex radio promises to be feasible for real world applications. One of the important applications is secure communication since such a radio can receive information from a desired source while it also transmits jamming noise to eavesdroppers at the same time and same frequency. This paper considers a three-node multicarrier network consisting of a source, a full-duplex destination and an eavesdropper where the source and destination both apply power distributions to maximize the secrecy capacity against the eavesdropper. Fast algorithms feasible for real-time applications are developed to achieve the maximum secrecy capacity subject to both power constraint and source-to-destination rate constraint.


The present invention discloses a gas turbine starter Bench analytical method with the free turbine, comprising the steps of: (1) the output state of the starter as the maximum power point evaluation point; (2) made in terms of the physical meaning of power; physical meaning in terms of the exhaust gas temperature and gas generator speed; and (3) simulation test by altitude, atmospheric pressure were obtained, the intake air temperature influence on the power of the starter, and then draw power conversion formulas; by altitude simulation test, air temperature obtained respectively, affect the power of the starter exhaust gas temperature, gas generator speed, and thus exhaust temperature conversion formula derived and gas generator speed; and (4) based on the obtained exhaust temperature and the gas generator speed conversion formula determined parts of different starter units to meet the requirements of the type, and Comparative station determines the merits of different parts of the gas turbine starter under the same conditions, the same output power conditions.


The objective of this study was to develop biodegradable microparticles with continuous release that can enhance and extend the long-term protection of single-dose vaccines. Several formulations of Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were synthesized using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique to encapsulate inactivated A/PR/8/34 (PR8) H1N1 influenza virus in combination with the invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). The most efficient controlled release particle formulations were injected into C57BL/6J mice. Additional control mice were injected with PBS alone, inactivated PR8 dissolved in PBS, or inactivated PR8 and α-GalCer dissolved in PBS. Thirty weeks after vaccination, mice were challenged with a lethal dose of live homologous virus. Mice immunized with the microparticle vaccine survived the infection and had reduced clinical disease and decreased weight loss compared to unvaccinated mice. After vaccination, mice injected microparticles presented a gradual increase production of PR8-specific IgGs that was dominated by IgG1 isotype that is usually produced by T helper (Th) 2 responses. In contrast, mice that received soluble vaccine presented a rapid antibody response that was dominated by antibodies of the Th1-associated IgG2a isotype. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of PLGA-based single-dose microparticle vaccines for providing long-term protection against influenza infection and potentially other pathogens.
 Supported by grants from USAMRAA (W81XWH-19-1-0005)


Speed control of hydraulic actuator is mainly desirable in diverse hydraulic systems including those for agriculture and most of them are for manufacturing. In all these systems the main demand is to accurately control the speed of the hydraulic actuator under variable operating conditions including various set-points and disturbances. In this paper a generalized predictive control (GPC) which is well known is used based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) as a model reference control. The main drawback of LSSVM is that the sparseness of standard SVM is lost which means that some of the system parameters are equal to zero. In this contribution a new method for sparseness is introduced. The electro-hydraulic servo system is modeled recursively each sample based on LS-SVM using linear kernel function avoiding linearization when radial basis function (RBF) is employed. Based on the model obtained the control signal is calculated at each sample using GPC. The presented controller performance is compared to that of self-tuning PID controller based on recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm.


This paper deals with design, implementation and testing of ECU diagnostic protocol stack on LIN2.0 interface using Microchip 16F87X controller, sensors, actuators, current drivers and signal conditioning circuits. Protocol stack intended for use in vehicle networks applications, where transferring and processing digital data at low costs and by low power consumption is high priority. The diagnostic protocol stack developed using low cost controller stands as an economical solution which also reduces complexities associated with a typical commercially automotive CAN, MOST or K-line stack network. The implementation of diagnostic protocol stack using CAN, MOST or K-line interface requires extra controller functionality and also increases the area and cost of the system. The ECU diagnostic stack core can be implemented with local interconnect network interface and its suits for various Vehicle network demands. The LIN interface based diagnostic protocol stack core can be reduced to smaller size with optimizing code and speed of execution with an appropriate implementation.


SUMMARY
Open source software such as ImageJ and CellProfiler greatly simplified the quantitative analysis of microscopy images but their applicability is limited by the size, dimensionality and complexity of the images under study. In contrast, software optimized for the needs of specific research projects can overcome these limitations, but they may be harder to find, set up and customize to different needs. Overall, the analysis of large, complex, microscopy images is hence still a critical bottleneck for many Life Scientists. We introduce LOBSTER (Little Objects Segmentation & Tracking Environment), an environment designed to help scientists design and customize image analysis workflows to accurately characterize biological objects from a broad range of fluorescence microscopy images, including large images exceeding workstation main memory. LOBSTER comes with a starting set of over 75 image analysis workflows and images stemming from state-of-the-art image-based research projects.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
LOBSTER requires MATLAB (version > = 2015a), MATLAB Image processing toolbox, and MATLAB statistics & machine learning toolbox. Code source, online tutorials, video demonstrations, documentation and sample images are freely available from: https://sebastients.github.io.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Abstract Radiostrontium isotopes (85Sr, 89Sr, and 90Sr) are major fission by-products in nuclear reactors, in radiological events, and in environmental radioactive contamination. A method to analyze 89Sr and 90Sr in water has been developed using gradient elution with dilute hydrochloric acid and cation exchange resin, followed by carbonate precipitation. Counting was done on a gas proportional counter. The sample was recounted a second time after 2 to 3 wk to permit 90Y, a progeny of 90Sr, to achieve secular equilibrium and to allow 89Sr and 90Sr to be determined. This method was found to be simple, exhibiting high recovery, reduced use of hazardous chemicals, and lower cost compared to other current methods. An extensive comparison of the performance of the cation exchange method vs. a method using strong nitric acid (US Environmental Protection Agency Method 905.0) and a method using a specific strontium resin was conducted on performance test samples containing 90Sr (in a number of matrices) from the US Department of Energy's Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program and mixed 89Sr- and 90Sr-containing water samples from the Environmental Resource Associates quality assurance program. The method described here is shown to yield comparable results to others.


A better understanding of the factors affecting calf and heifer growth will help producers reduce replacement heifer costs, by lowering age at first calving (AFC) and increasing lifetime production.


The banking sector is one of the best examples who create Big Data with increasing transactions per second across the globe. Each bank is administered by the DBA (Database Administrator) as a technical in charge. DBA makes an arrangement in the branch to divert query from authorized user to the appropriate data repository. The SQL core Engine accepts input stream, processes and optimized to increase efficiency across the network. QO (Query Optimiser) and QE (Query Executor) is an important module that helps in the process. Due to the existing limitations of the system, a cloud based distributed architecture comprising of IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and SaaS (Software as a Service) is used with NoSql. Hadoop and MangoDB are an example that still retains ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) features of cloud environment. KeywordsDBA, NoSql, QO, QE, ACID, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, MangoDB, Hadoop.


The invention relates to an intelligent alarming mechanism for remote network experiment. The intelligent alarming mechanism for the remote network experiment comprises a PC machine, a remote network experiment Web application unit, network equipment, a network equipment managing unit, a mobile phone short message managing unit, a GSM communication unit and a mobile phone terminal, the PC machine communicates with the remote network experiment Web application unit through the Internet, the remote network experiment Web application unit is connected with the network equipment through a cable, and the network equipment is connected with the network equipment managing unit through a cable, wherein the network equipment managing unit is further connected with the mobile phone short message managing unit, the mobile phone short message managing unit is connected with the GSM communication unit, and the GSM communication unit communicates with the mobile phone terminal through GSM network. The intelligent alarming mechanism for the remote network experiment perfects the real-time network equipment monitoring mechanism for the remote network experiment and realizes unattended monitoring and automatic fault alarming for the remote network experiment.


The phase transition of KH 3 (SeO 3 ) 2 , was studied by ultrasonic velocity measurements at 5 and 10 MHz together with X-ray diffraction measurement and pyroelectric examination. It was clarified that the crystal below the transition point ( T c ) is nonferroelectric and belongs to the centrosymmetric space group P2 1 / b . All of the elastic stiffnesses c i j were determined front the velocity data. The phase transition accompanies with a large phonon softening only in the c 44 mode. It was shown that the ferroelastic behavior above and below T c can well be explained by a phenomenological theory.


This project (January 2007 - September 2007) examined service needs and utilisation among older people in the parish of Marino and Fairview in Dublin. It provided an overview of the current levels of provision of supportive services for older people and made recommendations for better co-ordination of services at a local level. With the view to promoting the voice of the older people in the community, the research identified priority issues and needs of the older people living in the area. The research also explored the opinions and concerns of service providers and informal care-givers in the area and address gaps in services to identify how greater coordination of service activities can be achieved.The project used participatory and inclusive research methods in order to maximise the older residents' involvement in all stages of the work. The Project PI was Martha Doyle and the co-investigator Virpi Timonen. The research report was published by the HSE and Northside Partnership in February 2008.


A modular belt having plug-inserts produced from electroconductive material. The plugs may be snapped into respective holes that are preformed or machined in a standard plastic belt module. The modules may be produced from low cost materials such as polypropylene or polyacetal. The electroconductive plugs may be attached to the belt in numerous ways including, but not limited to, snap fit, gluing, screwing or direct integration by molding.


BACKGROUND
 Due to shortages of medical professionals, as well as demographic and structural challenges, new care models have emerged for finding innovative solutions to counter medical undersupply. Team-based primary care utilizing medical delegation appears to be a promising approach to address these challenges, but demands efficient communication structures and mechanisms to reinsure patients and caregivers receiving a delegated, treatment-related task. Here, digital healthcare technologies hold the potential to render these novel processes effective and demand-driven.

 OBJECTIVE
 The goal of this study is to recreate the daily work routines of general practitioners (GPs) and medical assistants (MAs) in order to explore promising approaches for the digital moderation of delegation processes and to deepen the understanding of subjective and perceptual factors that influence their technology assessment and use.

 METHODS
 In total, 19 interviews with 12 GPs and 14 MAs were conducted, seeking to identify relevant technologies for delegation purposes as well as the stakeholders' perceptions of their effectiveness. Further, an online survey was conducted asking the interviewees to order identified technologies by their assessed applicability in multi-actor patient care. Interview data was analyzed using a three-fold inductive coding procedure. Multidimensional scaling was applied to analyze and visualize survey data, leading to a triangulation of results.

 RESULTS
 Our results suggest that digital mediation of delegation underlies complex, reciprocal processes and biases that need to be identified and analyzed in order to improve the development and distribution of innovative technologies, as well as to improve our understanding of technology use in team-based primary care. Nevertheless, medical delegation enhanced by digital technologies, such as video consultation, portable electrocardiograms (ECGs), or telemedical stethoscopes, is able to counteract current challenges in primary care due to its unique ability to ensure both personal, patient-centered care for patients and create efficient and needs-based treatment processes.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Technology-mediated delegation appears to be a promising approach to implement innovative, case-sensitive, and cost-effective ways to treat patients within the paradigm of primary care. The relevance for such innovative approaches increases at times of tremendous need for differentiated and effective care, like during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. For successful and sustainable adoption of innovative technologies, MAs represent essential team members. In their role of mediators between GPs and patients, MAs are potentially able to counteract resistance towards using innovative technology on both sides and compensate for patients' limited access to technology and care facilities.


A FEW OBSERVATIONS ON LITHUANIAN LAW AT THE TURN OF THE 18 TH -19 TH CENTURY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SZAWLE (SIAULIAI) LEDGERS Summary Research on the legal, and especially forensic, practice in Lithuania after the dismemberment of Poland-Lithuania (1795) – an area of study embarked on only recently – should make up an important aspect of enquiry on the state of the law of Lithuania following the Partitions. In particular the aim should be to show the relationship between the former Lithuanian law and the new provisions introduced by the Partitioning Power. The specific nature of this relationship is shown by the example of the land court register ( ksiegi ziemskie ) for Szawle (Lith. Siauliai) for 1794-1803. These records clearly show evidence of the efforts of the Russian Generals Sergei F. Golitsyn and Alexander P. Tormasov to restore the Lithuanian courts after the intermission caused by the Kościuszko Insurrection of 1794. The Russians introduced new instruments to jurisprudence including the duty to submit reports on the activities of the courts to the Russian military authorities, the use of the Julian calendar, and the issue of decisions and judgements on behalf of the Empress Catherine II. Details of these new requirements were defined in the ordinances issued by Nikolai V. Repnin, and frequently invoked. A Russian provinces act and new regulations on legal representation were also resorted to in court practice. In addition to these "foreign" elements, Siauliai court practice shows that the old law and the 16th-century Lithuanian Statute and statutory acts passed by the Parliament of pre-partitional Poland-Lithuania still continued to be used.


A comparison among different tyre-fiber-reinforced-concrete (TFRC) mixtures is performed in this paper. The results of an extensive experimental campaign carried out as part of the European funded Anagennisi Project are examined and discussed. The TFCR mix with the best mechanical and environmental performances was identified through the implementation of the so-called eco-mechanical analysis developed at the University of Turin. The main parameters taken into account to determine the Eco-mechanical index (EMI) of the examined TFRC mixes were: the crack width of ideal RC ties; the embodied energy; and the carbon footprint released by the manufacturing of the TFRC mixes. As a result, it can be concluded that recycled tyre-fibers can reduce the crack width of concrete structures during their service life, and therefore can successfully be used as alternative to manufactured fibers without penalizing structural performance. The use of a blend of tyres-fibers and industrial fibers seems to yield the best overall performance


Abstract: Enamel defects have a wide range of aetiology and can be challenging to diagnose. Largely, the management of enamel defects is determined by the severity. As most patients with enamel defects present at a young age, conservative treatment is a priority. Nevertheless, indirect restorations have a role in restoring severely broken down teeth. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of identical twins with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Many of the techniques discussed can be applied to a wide presentation of enamel defects and are not limited to the management of MIH. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The restorative management of enamel defects can be challenging but priority should be given to conservative treatment techniques for young patients.


In the present invention there is provided a string-like member is not exposed on the surface of the cylindrical absorbent body in a state bound to the absorbent tampon body. In the present invention, the tampon includes a sheet member formed into a cylindrical shape obtained by binding the absorbent body (2), the absorbent body (2), at the same time, from one end of the absorbent body (2) extending out of the cord-like member (4 ). Then, the string-like member (4) having a cord portion in a first surface of a sheet member constituting the absorbent body (2) binding a first direction and a second cord portion extending out from the sheet member. Forming a first side of the folded portion in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to the first cord portion, a second folded portion formed in the other side of the second direction. The absorbent body (2) According to the first folding portion and the second bent portion folded as a folding starting point is deformed, forming a cylindrical shape of the first cord portion are not exposed.


In this paper, we present a method of categorizing, coding, and sorting/manipulating qualitative (descriptive) data using the capabilities of a commonly-used word processor: WordPerfect®. We explain the process and its development in simple terms for the person who may be familiar with qualitative research and data, but not with computer and/or word processor manipulation of that data. Although we developed the process to suit our methods, it can easily be adapted/evolved to fit different research situations where a method of rapidly handling large amounts of descriptive data is desirable.


Recently, use of automatic speech recognition system is demanded for various applications such as security, word to text conversion etc. During the speech signal acquisition, other unwanted signals from various sources are added to the original signal which degrades the performance of ASR system. These unwanted signals are called as noise or mixing of sources which are caused due to multi-user recording, echo effect etc. this issues motivates to develop an efficient algorithm for audio demixing or source separation. To address this issue in this work we propose a new approach for source separation method using nonnegative factorization method. Proposed work utilized source mixing signal modelling, filter bank designing and source separation algorithm implementation. Modelling of signal is performed by combining two different channels which are acquired from different source, this signal is called mixture signal. Later a filter bank is designed using scattering algorithm based on wavelet transform method and a optimization problem is formulated for audio demixing. Experimental study shows the robustness of proposed model by considering various implementation scenarios.


omission, especially in regard to Poland, which before 1918 was part of the Russian Empire, and to Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, both of which became home to a large contingent of Russian scholars and physicians who fled the Bolshevik revolution. All chapters pay scant attention to the contemporary local critique of eugenics, generating an illusion that eugenic research, ideologies, and policies in this particular region faced no serious opposition. The only analytical frame that links the individual chapters together is their shared emphasis on close intertwining of diverse local eugenics with the ideologies and practices of nation-state building and nationalism. Yet, in order to sustain this particular frame, the volume's contributors have to transform the actually existing states of Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (from 1929, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), and Romania into separate, ethnicized localities, which include, respectively, Bohemia and Moravia (but not Slovakia and Sub-Carpathian Rus); Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Vojvodina (but not Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, or Montenegro); and Transylvania (but not Bukovina or Bessarabia). Needless to say, such a selective approach undermines the volume's claim regarding the overriding importance of nationalism and the nation-state as the defining feature of East-Central European eugenics. This lack of coherence derives largely from the ambiguity of the book's major analytical category, prominently displayed in the titles of its two parts: "eugenics movement." The volume fails to define how eugenics was a movement; delineate its three principal components (science, ideology, and policy); and unpack complex interactions among them. Contrary to the editor's belief that "eugenics, as defined by Galton in the 1880s, had a widely accepted meaning and served as a broad term for a wide variety of theories of social and biological improvement" (xii), eugenics meant very different things to different constituencies. As the materials presented in the volume strongly suggest, in each examined locale, multiple diverse groups, ranging from state officials, pedagogues, and public health reformers to natural and social scientists, medical specialists, and jurists, mobilized each of the movement's three components in very different ways to reach their particular (professional, institutional, intellectual, ideological, social, political, etc.) objectives. Each of these groups formed ever-shifting alliances with other groups and capitalized to a varying degree on other prominent social movements of the time, such as Fascist, feminist, nationalist, neo-Malthusianist, pacifist, pronatalist, and socialist labor movements, among which only the first three are discussed in the book at any length. It seems that the volume falls prey to a common miscalculation: in a comparative history, without a well-defined and rigorously enforced analytical framework, a mere amassing of countries leads to drowning in interesting but irrelevant peculiarities and to producing untenable generalizations. Hopefully, the next regional history of eugenics will provide readers with not only a treasure trove of previously unknown details about various local incarnations, but also a well-polished lens to convert the kaleidoscope of particularities into a comprehensive portrait of this ubiquitous twentiethcentury phenomenon.


Objective:To investigate the internet overuse prevalence rate among college students, discuss the relationship among impulsivity, negative affect and internet overuse, and explore impulsivity's mediating effect.Methods:1044college students were asked to complete the IADQ(Internet overuse Diagnosis Questionnaire), IAT(Internet Addiction Test),BIS-11(Barratt Impulsiveness Seale), DASS-21(Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale).Results:①The prevalence rate of internet overuse among college students was 6.7%; ②the internet overuse group had a significant higher BIS-11, DASS-21total and subscales score than control group(P0.05); ③The IADQ, IAT scores were positively correlated with BIS-11,DASS-21 total and subscales score Significantly(P0.01); ④Depression and non-planning score could predictive IADQ score, BIS-11, DASS-21 total score could predictive IAT score; ⑤The effect of negative affect on internet overuse was par tially mediated by impulsivity, and the mediating effect made up 43.57%、52.91% of the total effect.Conclusion:Internet overuse was closely related to impulsivity and negative affect; impulsivity serves as a mediator variable between negative af fect and internet overuse.


This report describes the procedural details of thoracoabdominal aortic replacement performed in a 42-year-old female Marfan patient who had Crawford type II aneurysm. It stresses our technical tips and pitfalls of using a 4-branch graft and a novel technique of intercostal artery reimplantation named by ourselves as "frontage graft". In this technique, target intercostal arteries are sequentially anastomosed to an 8or 10-mm graft which has both ends connected to the main aortic graft and runs parallel. We believe that branch graft technique is a versatile and comfortable option for extensive thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. Frontage grafts showed better patency rate than end-to-end interposition grafts.


The psoriasis lesion is the result of complex interactions between resident skin cells and invading immune and inflammatory cells. We consider psoriasis an immune disease, meaning that the immune system plays a central role in initiating the disease process. This is not to say, however, that treatment principles other than those primarily directed towards e.g. lymphocytes may not be effective either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory drugs. Calcipotriol, the primary effect of which may be to decrease keratinocyte proliferation in the psoriasis lesion, may serve as a good example. Understanding keratinocyte biology under normal and pathological conditions is a major goal in psoriasis research. In this issue Björntorp et al. (p. 403) address a central question in this respect, namely the regulation (or the lack of regulation) at the gene level of keratinocyte differentiation in psoriasis. The behaviour of a cell, be it proliferation, differentiation, interactions with other cells, responses to hormones, secretion, migration, etc. is largely determined by the extent to which its genes are activated. By gene activity we mean the ''transcription'' of the information stored in the DNA to messenger RNA. Gene regulation is executed by a large number of proteins called transcription factors. These cellular proteins act by binding to specific regulatory parts of genomic DNA and can have stimulatory or inhibitory effects on gene activity. In addition to the large number of different transcription factors, many of which are tissue specific, functional multitude is derived from complex interactions between different transcriptions factors, and from the wide variation in content and distribution of regulatory elements (i.e. transcription factor binding segments of DNA) among individual genes. Björntorp and her co-workers asked whether the disturbed keratinocyte differentiation in psoriasis might involve the transcription factor Id1. Id stands for ''Inhibition of binding and differentiation''. The Id factors belong to a larger group of transcription factors with a common three-dimensional structure motif named ''helix-loop-helix''. They inhibit differentiation by interfering with the binding to DNA of other helix-loop-helix transcription factors (see Fig. 1). Using methods which allowed specific detection of Id1 messenger RNA as well as the Id1 protein, the authors first verified that cultured keratinocytes express Id1, and that this


Professor of Spanish at the Pennsylvania State University. Her fields of research include nineteenthand early twentieth-century Spanish Peninsular literature, especially theater, Spanuh literary production as intellectual property, and Spanish cultural studies. At the premiere of El trovador, on March 1, 1836, the audience at the Teatro del Principe, inspired by the ingenuity of the play just completed, was spontaneously overwhelmed by a uniform desire to call its unnamed author onto the stage in order discover the source of this piece of theatrical perfection and honor him with applause. So goes the well known anecdote that has served for almost 200 years to convincingly explain the origin of a supposedly just recognition of authorial genius in dramatic works in Spain. First composed at the time of the premiere of El trovador, it has been perpetuated and entered into the annals of Spanish literary history as fact, without having been subjected to critical inquiry. In the present essay, through an interpretation of the literary chronicles of the premiere, an investigation into the cultural context, and a review of contemporary political and economic measures, the famous call for the author is read as a pressdriven event that transformed the author into a celebrity and served as an argument for the derecho de autor (author's rights, or intellectual property) for dramatic literature. The ideologies of the Romantic project were closely allied with those of the post-Fernandine Spanish Liberal political economy (both in the poets' embrace and rejection of it on an individual level). While the former exalted individual subjectivity in the voice of the poet's ego, the latter legally promoted "the priority of the individual and the sanctity of property" (Rose 85). The Spanish variety of Liberalism that guided the government administration at the beginning of the campaign for dramatic literary property, in


Objective To study the transvaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVS) in diagnosis of intrauterine residual tissue of the clinical application value. Methods All of 136 cases of clinical doubt intrauterine organization residual via vaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVS) examination, observation of morphology, the size of the intrauterine residue remaining range and blood flow. Results Transvaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVS) in the diagnosis of the results, as compared with the postoperative pathological examination result after uterine apoxesis, the diagnostic coincidence rate was 97.8 %(133/136), the misdiagnosis rate was 2.2%(3/136). Conclusion Transvaginal color doppler ultrasound(TVS) can accurately diagnose uterine cavity organization residual, can also provide clinician dealing with specific parts.


The article by Shapiro and Wilcox is a good example of how data limitations can be overcome by hard work and ingenuity. Consumer expenditure data are not available soon enough to construct a real-time price index that compensates correctly for the (acrossstrata) substitution bias. The authors have shown how these untimely data can be used nevertheless to accomplish two important goals: The first is to estimate the extent of the substitution bias in the official consumer price index (CPI), which they put at 0.3 percentage points per year. The second is to construct a chained price index implementable in real time by using the most recently available expenditure data each year. That would eliminate 80 to 90 percent of the estimated bias. The article presents these results with admirable brevity and clarity; I found little to quibble with. I would just like to put the subject into a broader perspective. Since I am primarily a macroeconomist, and since this conference is being hosted by a central bank, my comments will raise questions as to the macroeconomic significance of the results and their relevance for monetary policy.


General trends in outward FDI from India In the previous fiscal year (April 2014 to March 2015) the level of outward foreign direct investments (FDI) by Indian firms witnessed some moderation. The gross outflow of FDI from India in FY 2014-15 stood at US $8.5 billion as per data released by the Reserve Bank of India.1 At March-end 2015, the cumulative stock of FDI from India stood at US $130.5 billion, which was only slightly higher from US $128.7 at the end of FY 2013-14. One reason for this can be seen in the massive repatriation/disinvestment by Indian firms in the overseas totalling US $6.7 billion in FY 2014-15. Nevertheless, the overall stock of India's outward FDI has grown tremendously from being practically non-existent in 1991 to the current level, as Figure 1, based on UNCTAD data for the respective calendar years shows.


Evolutionary Algorithms, evolution based optimization algorithms, are often applied to combinatorial problems. An important issue in such problems is handling the constraints. This is also one of the most challenging areas within Evolutionary Computation. Several approaches for handling constraints exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Which approach is suitable depends on the given problem. In this thesis, two constrained problems are investigated. For the bin packing problem, a number of constraint handling approaches is implemented, tested and compared. Furthermore, attention is payed to a hybrid approach, i.e., the combination of an evolutionary algorithm and a local optimizer, and asexual evolutionary algorithms. For the satis ability problem a new idea is tested: a oating point representation together with a continuous graded penalty function. A comparison is made with an evolutionary algorithm with adaptive penalty function. Evolutionary algorithms for both problems are compared with a good traditional algorithm. Experimental results are presented and reviewed, and conclusions are drawn on the di erent constraint handling approaches. i Preface The most fascinating area of computer science is, to my opinion, arti cial intelligence, and especially neural networks and genetic algorithms. Both are based on phenomena seen in nature. In a certain way, they do the thinking, and that is always convenient. Since I had done some work on neural networks previously, genetic algorithms, or evolutionary algorithms (which is a better name), was a logical choice. Most of the time, I enjoyed working on my thesis, although sometimes I got a little depressed, for example when results were disappointing, I discovered a bug, the computer system was down, the student's disk crashed, the computer room was locked and no one could be found to open it, the test machine was shut down just before nishing some important experiments, and so on. And some of these incidents happened more often than I liked. But it was fun too. The preface is also the place to acknowledge some people. I would like to thank my supervisors, Guszti Eiben and Thomas B ack, for their support, help and suggestions. I enjoyed working with them. Furthermore I would like to thank Marco van de Weg, for helping me with UNIX and internet, and Wouter Kersten for reviewing my English. If the reader has not already noticed I am not an native speaker, he or she certainly will. June 1997, Marco Vink ii


quality directorate withresponsibility forfacilitating auditand quality assuranceactivities acrosstheregion. He hascontributed to several national groups concerned withinfluencing policy on audit, including that atthepurchaser-provider interface, andheisa memberoftheregional medical audit committee andchairman oftheregional public health medicine audit promotion group.Andrew Barton 'sprincipal responsibility isorganising postqualification training inaudit fordoctors andthe professions allied tomedicine andadvising on the design andmanagement ofprojects acrossall specialties. Heisresearching into theeffectiveness ofguidelines inaudit andthecostofimplementing guidelines. A memberoftheNorthTyneside Medical AuditAdvisory Group, heisstarting to assesstheeffectiveness ofthese groupsingeneral.


Studies of chiral Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective reactions using strongly coordinating nucleophiles, as a rather unexplored categoly of catalyzed enantioselective reactions, are described. Selection of a proper chiral catalyst should be essential. The author has employed complexes of two chiral ligands, (R,R)-4,6-dibenzofurandiyl-2,2'-bis(4-phenyloxazoline) and (R,R)-isopropylidene-2,2'-bis[4-(o-hydroxybenzyl)oxazoline)], designated R,RDBFOX/Ph and R,R-BOX/o-HOBn, respectively. The complex catalyst derived from R,R-DBFOX/Ph and Ni(ClO4)2 . 3H2O works as a powerful catalyst in the enantioselective thiol conjugate additions to 3-(2-alkenoyl)-2-oxazolines, and the complex derived from R,R-BOX/o-HOBn and Cu(OTf)2 catalyzes the reactions of O-benzylhydroxylamine to 1-alkyl-3-(2-alkenoyl)-2-imidazolidinones. Internal delivery of nucleophiles to the activated acceptors is proposed as a powerful principle for the development of the titled reactions


Maize cultivation infested with Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the Southern of Ciego de Avila province, Cuba, was observed. This constitutes the first report of P. saccharicida as an insect pest on maize cultivation for the country.


The processing technology of compound Lonicera edulis jam was studied using fermented fruit of wild Lonicera edulis and sweet cherry as raw materials.Based on single factor test,three factors including the juice ratio of Lonicera edulis to sweet cherry,fermentation time and adding amount of citric acid were tested by orthogonal experiment.The results showed that in single factor test,the compound jam had better flavor with the ratio of Lonicera edulis to sweet cherry from 0.4 to 1.0,suitable mellow taste with fermentation time from 16 to 24 h,and close taste of sweet and sour adding citric acid with mass fraction from 0.3 to 0.5%;furthermore,in orthogonal test,the optimum processing technology of fermented compound jam were determined as: ratio of Lonicera edulis to sweet cherry 0.4,fermentation time 24h and mass content of citric acid 0.3 %.


Simulating and rendering realistic ocean is always one of the most popular and difficult tasks in computer graphics and oceanography. However, because of the restriction of computer software and hardware conditions, mass data and real-time, there are less people to research global ocean simulation. Under the background of global environment simulation, the paper describes a solution for the application of global ocean simulation on the basis of previous work, and realizes the visualization system successfully using OSG (OpenSceneGraph) API and all kinds of open-source libraries, and demonstrates the result of cross-sea flight. At last, we analysis the deficiencies of our solution and make some improvement suggestions.


Metal (Cu, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Ag) nanowires (MNWs) have been produced using anodic aluminum oxide as template. The grown MNWs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. The optical limiting properties of the MNWs are also studied and results obtained at 532 and 1064nm indicate that MNWs have broadband optical limiting capability and the optical limiting performances of some MNWs are comparable to or better than that of carbon nanotubes. It was found that the nonlinear response of MNWs is dominated by nonlinear scattering.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Information and Knowledge Management KIIRIKKI, JANNE: Ubiquitous Manufacturing Requirements for Product Data Management Master of Science Thesis, 72 pages, 6 Appendix pages January 2011 Major: Information and Knowledge Management Examiner: Professor Samuli Pekkola


Multiple phases coexist in manganite with simultaneously active couplings, and the transition among them depends on the relative intensities of different interactions. However, the melting path with variable intensities is unclear. The concentration and the ordering of oxygen vacancy in previous work are found to induce ferromagnetic charge‐ordering insulator phase in [(La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)10/(SrTiO3)5]n superlattice, which translates into metallic phase with magnetic field H and temperature T. In the current work, the H‐T phase diagram for current I//[100] and I//[110] shows a large difference with H normal to the film plane, which is ascribed to the response of a variable range of hopping process to H with the in‐plane anisotropic hopping probability of charge carrier. With H rotating from the out‐of‐plane to the in‐plane direction, the preferred occupancy of the 3dz2−r2$3{d}_{{z}^2 - {r}^2}$ orbital causes a decrease of spin‐orbital coupling and lowers the activation energy, inducing a gentler melting process of a charge‐ordering insulator. This work shows that the melting path of a charge‐ordering insulator phase can be largely modulated in manganite with anisotropy.


The implications of labor migration for sustainable development have recently become a growing area of scientific and administrative intrigue. Sustainable development embodies harmonious
and comprehensive progress in economic, social and environmental dimensions, which meets the requirements of the present, without hindering the ability of future generations to realize their own
prerequisites. The impact of labor migration on sustainable development depends on the circumstances and specific conditions of migration and can lead to both favorable and unfavorable results. One of the key differences between labor migration in Russia and in other parts of the world is the
geographical proximity of the countries of origin. This difference in geographical proximity of the countries of origin can have significant consequences for the integration and social cohesion of migrant workers in the host society. This manuscript is an integral part of an ongoing research
project aimed at a thorough study of the impact of labor migration on sustainable development in Russia. Our main goal is to accurately answer the following research question: what is the cumulative impact of labor
migration on sustainable development in Russia and how does it fluctuate in economic, social and environmental dimensions? The article analyzes the data and assesses the impact of labor migration on sustainable development in Russia. The results of this study have the potential to serve as a guide for policy makers and contribute to the scientific dialogue on
labor migration and sustainable development.


Using factors and single factor design,the optimal processing technologies of yak milk casein of acidification have been screened.The optimal processing technologies are as followed:the temperature of degreasing is at 35 ℃,the dilutes rate of hydrochloric acid is 1:6,the addition content of hydrochloric acid is 4.67 mL(4.67%) and the way of sterilizes is at 75 ℃ for 15 s.


Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common diagnosed pathological categories of lung cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been manifested to be key regulators in modulating multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the pathologic role of lncRNA WDFY3‐AS2 in LUAD remains elusive. The relative messenger RNA and protein levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. Colony formation, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling, wound‐healing, and transwell invasion assays were performed to study the underlying role of WDFY3‐AS2 in LUAD. Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA pull down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to probe into the interactions between relevant genes. WDFY3‐AS2 expression was elevated in LUAD and WDFY3‐AS2 transcription was activated by transcription factor USF1. Silencing WDFY3‐AS2 could suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas accelerate cell apoptosis in LUAD. Molecular mechanism assays revealed that WDFY3‐AS2 could bind to miR‐491‐5p and miR‐491‐5p inhibition could reverse the inhibitory effect of WDFY3‐AS2 silence on LUAD progression. Besides, zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) was identified as a downstream target of miR‐491‐5p and its expression could be upregulated by WDFY3‐AS2. Further, rescue assays uncovered that ZNF703 overexpression could restore the suppressive influence of silenced WDFY3‐AS2 on LUAD development. USF1‐acitvated WDFY3‐AS2 promotes LUAD progression via targeting miR‐491‐5p/ZNF703 axis, suggesting the potential value of WDFY3‐AS2 as a novel target for LUAD treatment.


Safety-critical applications like autonomous driving use Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for object detection and segmentation. The DNNs fail to predict when they observe an Out-of-Distribution (OOD) input leading to catastrophic consequences. Existing OOD detection methods were extensively studied for image inputs but have not been explored much for LiDAR inputs. So in this study, we proposed two datasets for benchmarking OOD detection in 3D semantic segmentation. We used Maximum Softmax Probability and Entropy scores generated using Deep Ensembles and Flipout versions of RandLA-Net as OOD scores. We observed that Deep Ensembles out perform Flipout model in OOD detection with greater AUROC scores for both datasets. and S3DIS) order benchmark out of distribution detection capabilities. We initially benchmark uncertainty-based methods, Dropout, Deep Ensembles, and Flipout, using RandLA-Net as model for 3D semantic segmentation. Our benchmark two dataset combinations, Semantic3D vs S3DIS (Benchmark A), and Semantic3D vs Semantic3D without color information (Benchmark B). Our initial results indicate that OOD detection in point cloud segmentation is possible, with the best result given by Deep Ensembles (AUROC 0.893) with maximum probability on benchmark A, and 0.773 on Benchmark B. The contributions of this paper are: a definition of a benchmark for out of distribution detection in semantic segmentation of point clouds, initial benchmark results for uncertainty-based methods (Dropout, Ensembles, Flipout), using both entropy and maximum probability.


By selecting bremsstrahlung produced in a 0.003-in. aluminum radiator at a small angle from the original electron direction, a beam of polarized bremsstrahlung has been obtained from the Stanford linear accelerator. The variation of the polarization and intensity with angle was studied and compared with theoretical predictions. The polarized beam has been used to study pi /sup +/-meson production at 90 deg c.m. angle and photon energies of 242, 296. 337. and 376 Mev. The ratio of meson production along and at right angles to the electric field vector has been measured and compared wiih the values predicted by the relativistic dispersion relation. (auth)


A family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a proxy for an individual's genetic and, in part, environmental risk of developing IBD, and is one of the strongest known risk factors for developing IBD. Although a familial aggregation is a well-established concept, data on its strength and nature are sparse. Therefore, to provide precise estimates of the familial aggregation, we performed a nation-wide, case-control study and examined the relative risk for patients with IBD (vs. population controls) to have a first-degree relative (FDR) with IBD, by age of onset, type of family history, and IBD subtype.

 Individuals diagnosed with IBD between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2017 with at least one first degree relative (FDR) were identified from Swedish national registers and compared with non-IBD controls, with at least one FDR, from the general population. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of relative risk for IBD in FDRs taking age at IBD onset, sex, county, and year of IBD diagnosis into account.

 We identified 50,667 incident cases with IBD (CD, n = 14,927; UC, n = 27,221 and IBD-U, n = 8519) and 506,720 controls, matched for age, sex, birth year and county of residence. The overall familial relative risk estimate of IBD for siblings (OR 3.6 [95% CI 3.4–3.8]) was similar to that between generations (OR 3.5 [95% CI 3.3–3.7] for mothers and OR 3.5 [95% CI 3.3–3.7] for fathers). Half-siblings conferred a lower yet elevated relative risk (OR 2.0 [95% 1.8–2.2]). The familial relative risk estimates of IBD increased with number of affected FDRs (Figure 1). Pronounced differences were seen between subtypes of IBD in the index case and also across age of onset in the index case and in the FDR (Figure 2). Lowest odds ratios were seen for having an FDR with elderly onset IBD among cases who were diagnosed with elderly onset Crohn's disease (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.4–2.5]) or ulcerative colitis (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.5–2.3]). Highest odds ratios were seen for having an FDR with paediatric onset IBD among cases who were diagnosed with paediatric Crohn's disease (OR 10.6 [95% CI 8.2–13.5]) or paediatric ulcerative colitis (OR 8.4 [95% CI 6.4–10.9]).

 The relative risk of familial IBD varies by IBD subtype as well as by age of onset in the index patient with IBD and the FDR, pointing to differences in genetic predisposition and environmental risks between different phenotypes of IBD.


.........................................................................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................10 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ..............................................................................................................11 1 Pharmacotherapy ...............................................................................................................................11 1.1 Adverse drug reactions and events ....................................................................................11 1.2 Drug-drug interactions ............................................................................................................12 1.2.1 Interactions of warfarin ..................................................................................................14 2 Pharmacogenetics ..............................................................................................................................16 2.1 CYP enzymes ................................................................................................................................16 2.1.1 CYP2D6 ..................................................................................................................................18 2.1.2 CYP3A4 ..................................................................................................................................18 2.2 Clinical pharmacogenetics .....................................................................................................18 2.3 Venlafaxine metabolism and pharmacogenetics ..........................................................19 2.4 Post-mortem pharmacogenetics .........................................................................................21 3 Epidemiology and public health ...................................................................................................22 3.1 Pharmacovigilance and -epidemiology ............................................................................22 3.2 Substance abuse .........................................................................................................................23 3.3 Post-mortem pharmacoepidemiology ..............................................................................23 3.3.1 Drug toxicity ........................................................................................................................24 3.3.2 Fatal toxicity index ............................................................................................................24 AIMS OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................................................26 MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................................................................................27 1 Autopsy cases .......................................................................................................................................27 1.1 Samples ..........................................................................................................................................27 1.2 Post-mortem database .............................................................................................................27 2 Data refining ..........................................................................................................................................27 2.1 SFINX ...............................................................................................................................................27 2.2 Case selection criteria ..............................................................................................................28 3 Analysis methods ................................................................................................................................29 3.1 Analysis of acidic and neutral drugs ..................................................................................29 3.2 Metabolite analysis ....................................................................................................................30 4 Genotyping .............................................................................................................................................30 4.1 CYP2D6 allele activity scores, genotype classes and phenotypes .........................30 5 Statistical methods .............................................................................................................................31 RESULTS ...........................................................................................................................................................32 1 Prevalence of adverse drug combinations ...............................................................................32 1.1 Drug combinations with a pharmacodynamic interaction mechanism .............32 1.2 Drug combinations with a pharmacokinetic interaction mechanism .................32 1.3 Death certificates .......................................................................................................................32 2 Concomitant use of warfarin and paracetamol ......................................................................33 2.1 Post-mortem warfarin concentrations .............................................................................33 3 Venlafaxine findings and fatalities ...............................................................................................33 3.1 Pharmacogenetics ......................................................................................................................33 3.1.1 Allele and phenotype frequencies ..............................................................................33 3.1.2 CYP2D6 and venlafaxine metabolite ratios ............................................................33 3.2 Concentrations ............................................................................................................................34 3.3 Drug interactions........................................................................................................................34 3.4 Venlafaxine in comparison with other antidepressants ............................................35 4 Nicotine in deceased young adults ..............................................................................................35 4.1 Prevalence of nicotine findings ............................................................................................35 4.2 Nicotine and substance abuse ..............................................................................................35 4.3 Nicotine and psychopharmaceuticals ...............................................................................36 4.4 Nicotine and manner of death ..............................................................................................36 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................................37 1 Methodological considerations .....................................................................................................37 1.1 The Finnish post-mortem toxicology database .............................................................37 1.2 Post-mortem pharmacology ..................................................................................................37 1.3 Drug selection ..............................................................................................................................40 1.4 Genotyping ....................................................................................................................................41 2 Prevalence of adverse drug combinations ...............................................................................41 3 Safety of warfarin and paracetamol combination .................................................................44 4 Venlafaxine toxicity ............................................................................................................................45 5 Nicotine and substance abuse .......................................................................................................47 CONCLUSIONS ...............................................................................................................................................49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................50 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................52


Between April 1977 and April 1981, four balloon flights of a solar ultraviolet spectrometer were made to altitudes near 40 km in the stratosphere. Analysis of these measurements shows that the solar irradiance in the wavelength range 2350–2870 A has been constant within ±7% over this period. The central emission cores of the Mg II resonance lines increased in intensity by about 20% over the same time period.


Purpose: To study the factors which affect the accuracy of the microcalcification (MC) thickness determination in digital mammography, in particular, the contribution from scattered radiation. Method and Materials: The effect of scattered radiation on the accuracy of a MC thickness reconstruction has been studied using simulation. The GEANT4 code, assuming a scanning beam geometry, has been used to simulate photon transport through a tissue‐like flat phantom containing 0.2–1.0 mm thick cylindrical MC and a pixelized detector (100 microns side). The influence of detector resolution has been analyzed by the simulation of small spherical MC embedded into the phantom. Background has been determined by a fitting technique for the signal/background description, using a Gaussian‐like expression for the first, and a polynomial for the second. Measurements were carried out using a GE Senographe 2000D unit. Results: Our results indicate the possibility of reconstructing the MC thickness with accuracy of the order of 12.5%, including background, position and simulation uncertainties, when a 3 mm wide beam is used. The transversal size reconstruction for cylindrical MC having diameters larger than 1 mm, is of the order of 5%. Thickness reconstruction is found to be an alternative to signal to noise ratio for microcalcification detection.Conclusion: These simulations indicate that the thickness of dense objects larger than about 150 microns can be reconstructed using a digital mammography unit having 100 micron pixels and exposures equivalent to 1.5 mGy mean glandular dose.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for engraving printing cylinders for packaging printing and similar printing applications in an electronic engraving machine in which an engraving to printing elements, in particular of wells engraved in the printing cylinder and the engraving member for areal engraving an advance movement parallel to the longitudinal axis a printing cylinder carries, wherein to shorten the engraving time, when a print image or layout for a respective pressure cylinder into at least two axially adjacent engraving lanes is divisible, each Gravierstrang an engraving is assignable. The inventive method is characterized in that at least one strand boundary between engraving lanes is placed automatically in at least one unengraved residual white region between items to be printed on the intended for engraving of the respective printing cylinder engraving machine or arranged thereon or can be associated with the electronic data processing device.


Modern lifestyle has fundamentally changed eating habits around the world, leading to a substantial increase in demand for ready to eat meals, therefore, these meals have a significant impact on consumer health. A balanced nutritional formulation of ready to eat meals is especially important because the intake of fat within European population is high, while carbohydrate intake low. Ready to eat meals, which are available on the market at the moment, often contain too much sugar, salt and fat, while dietary fibre in these meals can be found in considerably small quantities. Dietary fibre plays an important role in various physiological processes and can prevent the risk of several diseases. The study aims to develop enjoyable food products with high fibre content and search for alternative sources of fibre to improve the nutritional value of new foods. Five types of ready to eat meals were prepared for this study: potatoes, potatoes with chicken fillet, potatoes with amaranth, potatoes with quinoa, and potatoes with bulgur. Ready to eat meals were filled in laminated polyethylene terephthalate / aluminium / polyamide / polypropylene (PET/ALU/PA/PP) pouches, hermetically sealed under vacuum and thermally treated at 120 ± 0.5 °C for 10 minutes. After processing, fibre content, moisture and hardness was determined in all ready to eat meal samples. The results showed that adding fibre-rich ingredients to potatoes increases the functionality of ready to eat meals.


Former Olympic venues have become an important part of their host city's tangible cultural heritage. Ideally, great attention should be focused on the continuing use, operation, and maintenance of these large venues, after the games they were built for have long passed. However, cases have shown that the post-games utilization of Olympic venues varies greatly from country to country, suggesting that there is no fixed pattern to be followed. Therefore, in order to find out the most suitable and practical operating model, we have to refer to the host country's conditions and prior research. This article takes an in-depth and firsthand analysis of the successful operation of the Competition Hall of Judo and Taekwondo for Beijing Olympic Games 2008, also known as the USTB Gymnasium. It also comments on the transformation of Chinese cities that have hosted "big events" such as the Olympics, and examines how "big events" can be utilized to stimulate further development.


Objective:Quality of life (QoL) is of special interest in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) due to extensive range of symptoms and individual psychological impact and adverse drug events and adherence reporting are relevant in routine clinical practice to plan interventions and to assess its


The Colletotrichum nicotianae specimen was collected from main tobacco fields in Shandong Province,and then was isolated,detected and identified.The results showed that the pathogen of Colletotrichum nicotianae was Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara.Based on the differences in internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence of C.nicotianae and other tobacco fungal pathogens,a pair of specific primers Co1/Co2 was designed.With this pair of primers,a single product of about 300 bp was cloned from the total DNA of C.destructivum.C.destructivum could be specifically detected with the primers Co1/Co2 from tobacco tissues infected naturally and soil samples.The sensitivity of detection was 0.1 pg/μl.It provided basis for rapid and reliable detection of C.destructivum.


We initiate the study of incentives in a general machine learning framework. We focus on a gametheoretic regression learning setting where private information is elicited from multiple agents, which are interested in di erent distributions over the sample space. This conflict potentially gives rise to untruthfulness on the part of the agents. In the restricted but important case when distributions are degenerate, and under mild assumptions, we show that agents are motivated to tell the truth. In a more general setting, we study the power and limitations of mechanisms without payments. We finally establish that, in the general setting, the VCG mechanism goes a long way in guaranteeing truthfulness and e ciency.


The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how service quality cues and customer value are related, and explores the internal composition of this relationship. Samples were collected using a questionnaire, which had assessed the quality of the researcher's measurement efforts by investigating reliability and validity. Functional value is found to be affected mainly by reliable cues and accuracy of service quality, whereas conditional value is influenced by responsiveness of service quality. Furthermore, emotional value is found to be affected mainly by empathy of service quality, whereas social value is influenced by tangible cues of service quality. Finally, epistemic value is affected by responsiveness service quality. For future research, other external cues may influence perception of customer value with extrinsic information should be discussed. In practice, hotel managers can hone the relevant cues and optimise investments to raise service quality. Finally, this study provides a new shape of 'structural' relationships among five service quality cues and five types of customer value.


A new coil unwinding roller operating framework of leveling line in hot rolled flat sheet metal factory is brought out based on analyzed the shortcomings of the original operating system. The main features of the new system and the design thoughts of its hydraulic operation system are described in detail. A open controlling system is used which is based on soft PLC technology. The constant pressure control strategy and stroke control strategy are used according to the coil unwinding different stages. The strip tension and thickness are taken into controlling process to realize closed loop controling. The practice has proved that this operating system improve the function of the original system effectively. And it has the value to promotion of application.


B ECAUSE the book of Job is concerned with problems that are of concern to many people today, it can be an extremely relevant book to teacheither by itself, as an introduction to a unit on the Bible, or even as an introduction to modern literary themes. If a teacher is alert, he will find contemporary selections which are similar to the problems faced by Job in such diverse media as columns by Ann Landers, the comic strip of "Peanuts" by Charles Schulz, news articles, poems, and modern short stories and novels. I have used


Construction process has often been described as a highly complex because of the number of disciplines involved from conceptual and design to construction stage. Once completed, the environmental change and usage of the building test the quality of the design and workmanship as well as the suitability of material used. The degradation of buildings are influenced by a whole set of factors such as environmental degradation agents, quality of material, protective treatment, design of buildings, quality of work and maintenance. This paper describes the global issue of sustainability, data collection and potential applications of an analysis using artificial neural network in predicting service life for an ongoing research on affordable quality housing at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia


The wireless capsule endoscope is a swallowable medical device equipped with a miniature camera enabling the visual examination of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It wirelessly transmits thousands of images to an external video recording system, while its location and orientation are being tracked approximately by external sensor arrays. In this paper we investigate a video-based approach to tracking the capsule endoscope without requiring any external equipment. The proposed method involves extraction of speeded up robust features from video frames, registration of consecutive frames based on the random sample consensus algorithm, and estimation of the displacement and rotation of interest points within these frames. The results obtained by the application of this method on wireless capsule endoscopy videos indicate its effectiveness and improved performance over the state of the art. The findings of this research pave the way for a cost-effective localization and travel distance measurement of capsule endoscopes in the GI tract, which could contribute in the planning of more accurate surgical interventions.


A B S T R A C T Lanthanum doped lead zirconate titanate (Pb1-xLax)(ZryTi1-y)O3 (PLZT x/y/1-y) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics show no macroscopic polarization down to low temperatures as shown by the present dielectric and Raman scattering measurements on PLZT-10/65/35. The measured inverse dielectric constant exhibited a broad minimum that was associated to the randomly oriented local polarization due to appearance of polar nanoregions (PNRs) below the Burns temperature (TB). The temperature dependence of such kind of local polarization was successfully calculated from the classical Landau theory of ferroelectric phase transitions. Electric field induced Brillouin scattering data also exhibited an abnormal shift at 249 K that confirmed the switchable character of local polarization in relaxor ferroelectrics.