In this work we suggestion new methods investigation the model Volterra type integral equation with logarithmic singularity, kernel which consisting from composition polynomial function with logarithmic singularity and function with singular point. The problem investigation this type integral equation at n=2m reduce to problem investigate the Volterra type integral equation (1) for n=2 the theory for which was constructed in [2].


Considerations about the lexical distinctive features of mexican spanish language, followed by comments upon some dictionnaries of spanish language published in mexico. Lexicon of mexicanisms with 1650 entries taken from a corpus of novels published between 1978 and 1990.


Goal: A program was funded in 2002 by the NCI to produce and support a web-based computer-aided distant learning tool for training medical dosimetrists. Medical physicists, radiation oncologists, and medical dosimetrists have served as volunteer authors of the 24 modules in the tool consistent with the recommendations of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists (AAMD) for a recognized medical dosimetry training program. The distant learning modules contain assessment instruments for both the summative evaluation of the students as well as the formative evaluation of the learning tools. The intent of this project is for graduates from these programs to apply for the certification examination administered by the Medical Dosimetrist Certification Board when they have accrued the required two years of training and experience. Accomplishments: The authors have developed and refined their individual modules by electronic transmission of course material to developers at Stanford. Over 7000 html pages are currently online. Medical physicists, radiation oncologists, and medical dosimetrists in radiation oncology centers serve as mentors for the students. A test of the tools is being conducted by 73 mentors registered to train approximately 159 students. Resources: Information about the program is available on the web at http: dosimetry.stanford.edu. Upcoming Changes: The html pages are being converted to an xml format using a learning management system being developed at Stanford. The project is now recruiting reviewers to participate in a round of revisions of the existing material that will take place over the next year.

Educational Objectives:

1. To understand the goals and methods of a web-based training project for Medical Dosimetrists

2. To learn about opportunities to participate in the development of course content in the project.


A rigid rods model for real-time simulation of cloth is presented, which can be used in e-commerce applications, games or Virtual Reality environment. The proposed algorithm simplifies the basic mass-spring model by replacing the springs connection of masses with the rigid rods, and using the Verlet Integration method to calculate the position and velocity of the masses. Compared the efficiency and the effect of simulation with other similar systems, this algorithm is faster and realistic for some real-time applications.


Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), which are useful index of sympathetic nervous function, were measured in vertiginous patients by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer using selected ion monitoring method. There was no significant difference in the resting plasma NE levels between healthy subjects and patients groups such as Meniere's disease, vertigo (central and peripheral origin) and sudden deafness. NE and blood pressure increased in all groups when the subjects were kept at the standing errect position. No significant differences were found in the increment of NE at the errect position, however, there was less elevation in blood pressure in patients groups, especially in Meniere's disease patients. Using another patients group of subjecus such as Meniere's disease and sudden deafness patients, pressor response for intravenously administered NE was studied. Meniere's disease patients showed hyporesponsiveness of blood pressure to exogenously administered NE. These facts suggest that sympathetic effector organs in Meniere's disease patients are functionally disturbed.


The position of a mobile terminal has a significant influence on its probability to capture the central receiver in the base station of a cellular radio system using slotted ALOHA for multiple access. Integral transforms of the probability density function for the received power prove a useful tool for analysing the relation between the spatial distributions of offered and throughput packet traffic in a mobile radio network with Rayleigh fading channels. A newly developed method to obtain the spatial distribution of throughput traffic from a prescribed spatial distribution of offered traffic is presented and illustrated with examples. Incoherent and coherent addition of interference signals is considered. The channel behaviour for heavy traffic loads is studied. In both the incoherent and coherent case, the spatial distribution of offered traffic required to ensure a prescribed spatially uniform throughput is synthesised numerically. Linnartz, J.P.M.G. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC IN A CELLULAR MOBILE DATA NETWORK. Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (The Netherlands), 1987. EOT Report 87-E-168


The utility model belongs to the technical field of soil cement mixing, in particular to a traveling soil cement automatic mixing station comprising a mixing station bed frame, wherein a raw materialbin, a mixing pot, a control cabinet, a slurry storing pot, a transport pump and an electrical system chamber are arranged on the mixing station bed frame; the raw material bin, the mixing pot and theslurry storing pot are orderly connected; the transport pump is arranged at a feed delivery port of the slurry storing pot; the bin doors of the raw material bin, the stirring pot and the slurry storing pot are all pneumatically opened and closed, and are electrically connected with the control cabinet; and the electrical system chamber is used for supplying electrical power for the raw materialbin, the stirring pot, the control cabinet, the slurry storing pot and the transport pump. The utility model has the advantages of high mechanical automation degree and high slurry manufacturing speed; the work surface is small, the control matching usage is controlled by a controller, and the measure is exact to improve slurry quality; the energy waste is low, and the cost is reduced; and the operation process of sealed operation is clean and tidy.


The structures of the transition states and intermediates formed in the water-exchange of hexaaqua complexes of the first row transition elements have been computed with ab initio methods at the Hartree−Fock or CAS-SCF level. As an approximation, water molecules in the second coordination sphere except one, bulk water, and anions have been neglected. For each of the three types of activation, namely associative, concerted, and dissociative mechanism, a representative transition metal complex has been studied, viz. Ti(OH2)63+, V(OH2)62+, and Ni(OH2)62+. Each type of mechanism proceeds via a characteristic transition state. For the A and D mechanisms, respectively, hepta- or pentacoordinated intermediates are formed, and their lifetimes were estimated based on the energy difference between that of the transition state and the corresponding intermediate. The computed activation energies are in agreement with the experimental values and are independent of the mechanism or the charge on the metal center. The b...


Since the bubbling and peeling of electroless nickel coating acts to accelerate the corrosion,a study was made with respect to the causes leading to the bubbling and peeling of the electroless Ni coating on Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.The countermeasures for getting rid of the bubbling and peeling of the electroless Ni coating on the Nd that-Fe-B permanent magnet were suggested as well.It was pointed out than the bubbling and peeling of the electroless Ni coating on the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet was highly dependent on the intrinsic nature of the substrate,the adhension between the deposit and the substrate,and the thickness of the deposit.It could be imperative to properly control the thickness of the electroless Ni coating and increase the coating-substrate adhesion so as to retard the bubbling and peeling of the coating.


[Objective] To learn the cognitive knowledge level of non-communicable diseases(Chronic disease) prevention and treatment among urban and rural residents so as to provide scientific basis for developing target behavioral intervention strategies.[Methods]A questionnaire investigation was performed on the local residents aged 15-69 in Shandong province in 2008.[Results]The total knowledge awareness rate of 9 chronic disease was 44.32% among 8 546 residents.The highest knowledge awareness rate and the lowest were 92.87% and 15.33% respectively among the 9 items.The total knowledge awareness rate of urban residents(4 055)and that of peasants(4 491)were 53.81% and 36.35% respectively(P0.01),and that of male(4 089) and female(4 457) were 45.14% and 44.06% respectively(P0.05).[Conclusion]The results showed that the cognitive knowledge leve l of chronic disease prevention and treatment was still low.The cognitive knowledge level of urban residents was higher than rural residents.


Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells were fabricated using alkali-silicate glass thin layers (ASTL) as an alkali source material deposited on various flexible substrates prior to the Mo backcontact layer deposition. Control of univalent alkali metal incorporation into the CIGS layer with the use of ASTL was demonstrated regardless of the presence of other multivalent metal impurities in ASTL. Dramatic enhancement in cell efficiencies using ASTL was observed though the use of excessively thick ASTL led to a degradation in cell performance. The quantum efficiency curves of CIGS solar cells fabricated using ASTL showed enhanced absorption in the long wavelength region. The photovoltaic performance dependence on a variety of substrate materials is also discussed.


As a new type of legal norms, oversight regulations come from the legislative authorization of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and the National Oversight Commission is its legal formulation subject. As a legal norm on all kinds of oversight matters, oversight regulations are the lower-level law of oversight laws, so their effectiveness is lower than oversight laws, but higher than all kinds of oversight regulatory documents. As a legal form based on China's history and national conditions, oversight regulations have both legal and political characteristics, which serve as a bridge linking national laws and inner-Party regulations, and an important institutional guarantee to bring anti-corruption into the track of the rule of law. Clearly defining the basic connotation of oversight regulations and grasping their nature and characteristics can provide a certain theoretical basis for their formulation.


Amaleteenagerpresentedwitha2-monthhistoryof recurrentepistaxis andnasal congestion.Nasal endoscopydemonstrateda2-cm friable mass in the left nasal cavity. A computed tomographic scan revealeda2.3-cmsoft-tissuedensity in the left nasal cavity (Figure, A) and amagnetic resonance imaging scan confirmedby this delineating a heterogeneously enhancing mass, without clear attachments to thenasal septum(Figure,B).Findings fromapositronemission tomographic scan were negative. The patient was brought to the operating room where he underwent nasal endoscopy with resection of the left nasal cavity lesion and adjacent septum. Histologic findings revealed a carcinomawithbasaloid features,composedofundifferentiatedcellswith hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in ribbons. Therewasbriskmitotic activity and areas of tumor necrosis (Figure, C). There was no perineural invasion, and themarginswere negative after resection. Results froma immunohistochemical stain forp16werepositive(Figure, D). The patient was disease free at his 6-month follow-up. What is your diagnosis? A


Color filter array (CFA) demosaicking is an essential process for restoring full-color images from incomplete color samples acquired by single-sensor digital cameras. We present two main contributions to CFA demosaicking. First, we analyze the causes of two main types of CFA demosaicking artifacts and examine the schemes that are effective in suppressing them, respectively. Second, by combining and extending the core merits of the schemes examined, we compose a new CFA demosaicking algorithm to suppress as many demosaicking artifacts as possible and obtain full-color images of high quality. Experiments using a large variety of test images have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods both visually and in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio.


An X-ray structural analysis of the title charge-transfer complex revealed an unusual cage-like network formed by S––NC interactions of bis[1,2,5]thiadiazolotetracyanoquinodimethane (BTDA)(1) in which benzene was tightly included; the stabilization observed may be attributed to this inclusion behaviour.


Power consumption is a major concern for cloud data-centers. In this context, cloud-native applications emerged in the last few years and fostered the adoption of the cloud computing model across many organizations. Cloud-native workloads are highly heterogeneous, co-located and latency-sensitive and are able to scale to a high number of machines. To properly manage their power consumption, within this paper we propose Power REgulator for Service Time Optimization (PRESTO), a latency-aware power-capping orchestrator. PRESTO defines an Observe Decide Act (ODA) loop to manage power consumption and average latency of microservice-based workloads by considering all the network interactions between microservices in the cluster. PRESTO reduces the power consumption by 37.13% on average with a control error that is below 12.5% and below 1.5ms on average w.r.t. an unconstrained execution.


The dipyridamole pH-independent sustained-release dripping pills were prepared. The technical parameters such as the temperature of melting mixture,height,speed of dripping and the temperature gradient and distance of the upper part of condensate were optimized by orthogonal design. The results show that the in vitro drug release behavior of the prepared products in pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution was comparable,which indicated that the drug release behavior was pH-independent.


Gesture Signal acknowledgment has built up a ton in most recent couple of decades. It empowers Human Computer Interface (HCI) with no mechanical gadgets. Gesture Signal acknowledgment is a system for PCs to understanding human non-verbal communication, along these lines interacting a wealthier expression amongst machines and people than GUIs (graphical UIs), that limit the majority of input to keyboard and mouse.HCI makes PC working more easy and compatible. Gesture Signal might include hand; confront face detection and so on. This paper mainly centers on Hand Gesture Recognition. A hand motion gives an effective method for communicating ones thoughts with the PC collaboration framework. This paper accentuation on various hand signal methodologies, innovations and applications.


This manuscript presents the design of a low phase noise, high figure of merit (FoM) single‐ended octagonal ring oscillator (RO). The proposed RO employs the pulse injection (PI) technique for performance enhancement. The PI technique is used for suppression of phase noise and spurious harmonics. Besides, a novel voltage dependent phase shifter is employed. The proposed RO has an output signal with voltage controlled phase. Different output signal phases can be obtained employing different selected voltages to control the output signal phase. The proposed injection locked ring oscillator (ILRO) represents a suitable implementation for phase shift keying. The proposed ILRO has a measured oscillation frequency of 4.9 GHz with a fine tuning range of 500 MHz. It has a measured phase noise of −126.17 dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset while consuming only 4.8 mW of DC power. The proposed ILRO has a FoM of −193.17 dBc/Hz. This RO has been designed and implemented in 0.18 µm CMOS technology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1760–1762, 2016


A transactions article on Power Delivery published by William J. McNutt in 1992 [1] was a milestone for the insulation thermal life discussions. Reviewing historical data starting back in 1916, the author starts his article clarifying the differences between the transformer functional life and the estimation of the insulation life based on different mechanical properties. Clearly stating the scope of the article is the temperature/time relationship to compute life consumption of insulation. After explaining the main degradation mechanisms for cellulose-based materials, where he emphasizes the relevance of the sealing system for having mostly the operating temperature as the main degradation parameter, he recovers the equation proposed by Dakin in 1948 [2], often called the Arrhenius reaction rate equation, with its A and B empirical constants, as a general agreement of the industry. Values of the B parameter of the Arrhenius equation, typically named as the "slope", are presented, ranging from 9,820 to 18,000. After explaining the inherent reasons for such large variation, he proposes the adoption of a single value of 15,000 for all cellulose based materials, regardless of the end-of-life criteria adopted.McNutt's article presented the fundamental concepts included in the IEEE loading guide C57.91 [3]. During the subsequent three decades, researchers from many different entities around the globe performed additional tests for estimating the insulation life, both using the sealed vessel test procedure and the functional life test (Lockie test). With the introductions of thermally upgraded paper and new solid and liquid insulation materials, new rounds of materials testing were performed. Unfortunately, there is an impression that some of the fundamental concepts seem to be fading away.For the validation of the use of natural ester liquids in the insulation system of distribution and power transformers, some of the historical data had to be recovered, almost developing over again the testing procedures. Amidst this process, different entities and institutions published studies for the development of aging curves when aging both neutral kraft and thermally upgraded paper immersed in natural ester liquids, based on different aging temperatures. Natural ester liquids significantly reduced the degradation rates of the paper in all cases. As described previously by McNutt in the 90's, the values of A and B parameters varied for each paper testing round.After reviewing some foundations of insulation thermal life, this article will present the alternative comparative methodology developed by the experts who prepared the informative Annex B of IEEE C57.154-2012 [4].Aiming to offer a way to combine several rounds of sealed vessel tests in a single analysis, a procedure for normalizing the results with reference to the "industry proven system" was developed and is presented here. This way, rather than "averaging" the resultant coefficients, the results of aging curves from different entities, performed at different temperature, were combined into a single chart using the horizontal axis as the number of "IEEE units of life". The enriched data fitting procedure leads to a multiplier factor for the degradation rate which can be used for the deployment of new parameters for the Arrhenius reaction rate equation.


Organization of the state financial control of foreign countries system is analyzed. Comparison of foreign and domestic experience of organization's activity of the supreme organs of financial control is conducted.


In this study, highly reliable amorphous oxide semiconductor-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) were developed. The Hf concentration was systematically changed in the Hf-incorporated In–Zn–O (HIZO) TFTs, and Hf played an important role in determining the negative bias-illumination instability. The process parameters were optimized in order to obtain HIZO TFTs with an excellent stability. HIZO can be processed on a 6-in. wafer at low temperatures and is almost transparent in the visible range. Thus this material is promising for use in current TFTs as well as future transparent electronic device components with good electrical performance and excellent stability.


The authors report a density multiplication process for nanoscale patterns composed of dots and lines using electron beamlithography with low voltage 1 keV exposures and cold development. The density doubling is achieved in a single exposure-development step using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the resist. PMMA exhibits a dual positive- and negative-tone behavior depending on the electron dose employed in this density multiplication process. Fabricatednanostructures are characterized via scanning electron microscopy and subsequent feature size measurements. After density doubling, the minimum dot diameter of an initially 80 nm pitch array of single pixel dots was measured as approximately 27 nm, and the minimum width in an initially 100 nm pitch array of lines was approximately 21 nm. Methodologies for controlling the dimensions of fabricatedstructures are discussed. Modeling of the electron beam exposure has been carried out using an original electron beamlithography simulator in order to understand the nominal yields of scission in PMMA required in order to achieve the density multiplication, and the results are discussed.


The anomalous behavior of a two-dimensional system of Hertzian spheres with exponent α = 7 / 2 has been studied using the method of molecular dynamics. The phase diagram of this system is the melting line of a triangular crystal with several maxima and minima. Water-like density and diffusion anomalies have been found in the reentrant melting regions. Noteworthy, a density anomaly has been observed not only in the liquid and hexatic but also solid phase. The calculations of the phonon spectra of longitudinal and transverse modes have yielded negative dependence of the frequency of transverse modes on density along all directions in the regions with a density anomaly. This indicates an association of the density anomaly with transverse oscillations of the crystal lattice. The regions of density and diffusion anomalies have been drawn on the phase diagram. It has been found that the stability regions of anomalous diffusion extend to temperatures well above maximum melting point T = 0 . 0058 of the triangular crystal. From analysis of the translational order parameter, which decreases with increasing density in the reentrant melting regions, the presence of a structural anomaly in the system has been assumed.


Alibaba Group has been holding large-scale online promotions like 50% price discount in Tmall on November 11th (also called Double 11) in recent years. The transaction volume was 13.679 billion on November 11th, 2015. Numerous products have 50% discount on that day, attracting customers purchase impulsively. Our research aims at investigating why customers conduct so many impulse purchases during the large-scale online promotion such as Double 11 from the motivation perspective. Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation were chosen as the affect-level construct which impact impulse purchase intention. After reviewing previous studies, we selected several types of shopping values that could influence motivation. Our respondents are Chinese people who have purchase experience during Double 11. 238 data was gathered and analyzed. The result showed that extrinsic motivation played a larger role than intrinsic motivation in impulse purchase process. Cost saving had a quite large influence on extrinsic motivation. Hedonic shopping values such as gratification and sociality were also proved to have positive influence on intrinsic motivation. Based on the data analysis, we provided empirical evidences and some implications for both scholars and practitioners.


The approach of the thesis is to recognize the grounds on which originates the low attendance of students to the library and also the need to obtain data to determine if they can contact with which they're looking for, and if not, what are the reasons why users fail to meet their information needs.


Ten villages in Greece affected with endemic goiter have been studied. Five of these, situated on mountains, are associated with an extensive soil erosion, whereas the other 5 are in the lowlands, but only 2 of them near the sea. None of these villages is situated on limestone soil. Examination of 12,032 persons has shown that the prevalence of goiter is high in prepubertal children of both sexes and in adult females, but low in adult males. There is an increased prevalence of goiter in the offspring of goitrous parents, but also in the wives of goitrous men, and this seems to point to the restricted family environment rather than to heredity as the main cause of the familial aggregation of goitrous cases. Furthermore, the sizes of the thyroid glands in the population studied form a continuous unimodal curve without an antimode, and this suggests that goiter is not an all-or-none condition and excludes any simple mode of inheritance. Taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide does not show any difference be...


Based on the history of the Argentinian Society of Charity and from the theoretical perspective posited by Alfred Schutz (1995), Peter Berger and Tomas Luckman (2005), this article describes and analyzes the way in which some symbols, established by this institution, function in the construction of a field of significance for social intervention.


The purpose of the present study was to determine whether TGFβ, a cytokine secreted by hypothalamic astrocytes, was able to regulate POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus. In a first set of experiments, mediobasal hypothalamic fragments were exposed to TGFβ1, and the relative POMC mRNA expression was assessed by in situ hybridization using a radiolabeled POMC riboprobe. The results showed that 4 × 10−10 m TGFβ1 was efficient in decreasing significantly the amounts of POMC mRNA (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the decrease of relative POMC mRNA levels was higher in the rostral than in the caudal parts of the arcuate nucleus. In a second set of experiments, we examined the occurrence of TGFβ receptors expression in arcuate POMC neurons. Dual labeling in situ hybridization and in situ hybridization, coupled to immunohistochemical labeling, were performed to examine mRNA expression of the type I serine-threonine kinase receptor for TGFβ and the presence of type II receptor for TGFβ, respectively, in POMC neurons. The...


The Molecular Genetics Mobile Lab or "Laboratório itinerante de Genética Molecular" (Lab-it) was funded in 2008 by Leonor Cancela to promote the learning of molecular genetics which had been introduced at that time into high school biology programms. The project aimed to introduce hands-on laboratory activities in molecular genetics to complement the theoretical concepts taught in school. These included the development of experimental protocols based on theoretical scenarios focusing on themes of forensics sciences, biomedical applications, diagnostic methods, and ecological research using basic molecular biology techniques, such as DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis, and restriction enzyme application. In these scenarios, the students execute all the procedures with the help of the Lab-it instructor and using the Lab-it equipment, followed by a discussion of the results with all the participants and the school teacher. These approaches help the students to consolidate the concepts of molecular biology and simultaneously promote discussions on new advances in the area and choices for university careers. In addition to practical sessions, Lab-it also promotes seminars on topics of interest to the students and teachers. Since 2008, 18 high schools have participated in the region of Algarve, averaging each year about 400 students participating in practical activities. In 2021, despite the COVID pandemic, 9 schools and 379 students were involved in Lab-it practical sessions and 99% of them considered the activity to contribute to better understanding the molecular biology methods approached in theoretical classes and expressed high interest in those sessions.


To assess the electronic structure of a large system of molecules calls for a method to efficiently evaluate the Fermi-Dirac matrix function. A recursive expansion resulting in an implicit expression which can be solved as a linear system of equations is explored and is demonstrated for the first time to achieve linear time complexity with the use of sparse matrix algebra. Two methods, linear conjugate gradient and Newton-Schulz iteration, are investigated with regards to their performance in solving the linear system at every step in the recursive expansion at finite electronic temperature. At zero temperature the recursive expansion method is compared to the second-order spectral projection method, which is known to be one of the most efficient methods.


Laparoelytrotomy refers to the inadvertent delivery of the fetus through transverse incision over the vagina during a cesarean section. It is found to be associated with increased risk of maternal morbidity. Being an unintended, complication of cesarean section in advanced labor; it can be avoided by proper planning of the uterine incision. We report a case of inadvertent laparoelytrotomy during cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion in the second stage.


Digital signature is a term that use a key pair of user for sign and verify a document. People can create their digital signature using biometric technology. Biometric technology is a concept that allows people to doing an digitally authentication using their bodies, for example by using their fingerprint. Now, fingerprint biometric technology system was available in some smartphone product, so that allows user to unlocking their smartphone only by scanning their fingerprint into smartphone's fingerprint sensor. The combination of that's all technology (digital signature, biometric fingerprint, smartphone with fingerprint sensor) can arise an innovation to make a system that can create a digital signature only using fingerprint on smartphone. This system applied to a method of signing document digitally. When user sending a document to other, user who send the document have to put their fingerprint into smartphone fingerprint sensor and the the document will be encrypted. Then, user who receive the encrypted message will decrypt the message using public key of user who as a sender. In this case, fingerprint is a medium to call the value of user private key from the database. Key pair algorithm for this system is using RSA algorithm.


We investigate the dynamics of nonclassical correlations including concurrence and local quantum uncertainty in the damped Jaynes–Cummings model with an initial system–reservoir correlation. The dynamics of qubit–reservoir correlation and the influence of non-Markovian effect are studied. Furthermore, we consider the double damped Jaynes–Cummings model consisting of two noninteracting qubits locally coupled to independent reservoirs and explore the properties of both qubit–qubit and reservoir–reservoir correlations. The influences of initial correlation and non-Markovian effect on the dynamics of nonclassical correlations are analyzed. It is found that the dynamics for both qubit–qubit and reservoir–reservoir correlations can be significantly changed by the initial correlation and the non-Markovian effect. Finally, we explore the sudden changes of local quantum uncertainty and find that they are closely related to the initial system–environment entanglement.


The turbocharger comprises a turbine part and a compressor part. The turbine section includes a turbine housing (1) surrounding the turbine wheel 15. Turbine housing 1 defines a waist gate opening (5) in the duct (6), and a duct (6) extending between the exhaust gas inlet (2), the inlet (2) and the turbine wheel 15. The rotation between the valve plate 10 and the butterfly-type wastegate valve (3) comprising a rotatable shaft (11) is arranged on the opening (5), an open position and a closed position. Spring 4, the deflection (4) methods to be attached to the shaft 11 for the shaft 11 to rotate in a first direction around its vertical axis; In this case, the pressure of the gas flowing in the exhaust duct 6 for the valve plate 10 is in a second direction against the spring bias to cause a rotary movement of the valve plate 10 and the rotatable shaft 11.


This article analyzes how the conception of engagement of the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre contributed with the Brazilian theatrical scene in the 1960s and 1970s decades.


We present a new approach for video shot detection and introduce multi temporal distance images (MTDIs), formed by chisquare based similarity measures that are calculated pairwise within a floating window of video frames. By using MTDI-based boundary detectors, various cuts and transitions in various shapes (dissolves, overlayed effects, fades, and others) can be determined. The algorithm has been developed within the special context of soccer game TV broadcasts, where a particular interest in long view shots is intrinsic. With a correct shot detection rate in camera 1 shots of 98.2% within our representative test data set, our system outperforms competing state-of-the-art systems.


Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are considered drivers of nextgeneration flat-panel display technology. They are characterized by lightweight, thin-panel, wide-angle, high selfelectroluminescent efficiencies, and low power consumption. Polymer LEDs (PLEDs) are commonly fabricated using a solution process, which is simpler, cheaper, more scalable, and more versatile than the vacuum-deposition process generally employed to construct small-molecule LEDs. Improving PLEDs, in particular their luminous efficiency, has been the focus of sustained research and developments in the past two decades. Integrating nanostructures into PLEDs is a promising new approach to improve device performance. PLEDs have been developed using nanostructure materials as emitters, functional layers, and dopants. For example, titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles could be employed as electron-injection cathodes to achieve better device performance. However, more than ten steps are needed to prepare a nano-TiO2 film, and lengthy, sustained stirring as well as high-temperature sintering are also required. The use of magnetic nanoparticles, such as Co70Fe30 (0.1% by weight), as electron traps doped into light-emitting polymers with aluminum as the cathode increases the quantum efficiency by 32%. Yet, to prepare the blended film, magnetron sputtering, mechanical scraping, spin coating, and ultrasonication are employed. Maintaining the simplicity of the PLED fabrication process while improving device performance is quite challenging. PLEDs are 'dual-injection' devices in which electrons and holes are injected from the opposite electrodes into an active emissive layer. To achieve a high luminous efficiency, it is of great importance that the electrons and holes are balanced. Here, we introduce a novel approach to improve the performance of PLEDs by blending organic nanowires as the hole-transporting Figure 1. Chemical structures of the light-emitting polymer poly(9,9dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and of the organicnanowire compound 1.


In this paper, a position sensing system based on infrared techniques for multiple robots operating within a structured environment is introduced. Unlike many existing multiple robot systems, the proposed sensing mechanism enables each robot to determine its position and path of movement without the need of a central coordinator. The robots communicate with each other with a radio link passing information about their intentions, positions and the performed tasks. The system is simple and it does not require complicated vision and communication capabilities, thus, a minimum computing power is needed for the operation. Clearly defined objectives, robust position sensing capabilities and efficient inter-robot communications enable each robot with self-autonomy to determine its own task to be executed. The main objective of the position sensing system is to enable a number of robots to operate in a cooperative manner as members of a team.<<ETX>>


Overhaul and modernization of equipment directly affect its market value and require significant investments which feasibility needs to be checked. This article analyzes the factors that influence the expediency of equipment overhaul or modernization. The economic effect of repair or modernization is the equipment market value increase and enterprise value change. The equipment market value increase as a result of overhaul and modernization is not the only determining condition of implementation economic feasibility. Firstly, to make an optimal choice between overhaul and modernization of old equipment and the purchase of a new one, it is necessary to compare the economic effect of possible repairs with the amount of costs that will be required in the event of this repair. Secondly, you should consider the possibility of acquiring such equipment, either new or used, but in good condition. The author of the article proposes to compare the cost of replacing objects with the amount of overhaul and modernization cost and to analyze incremental indicators. In general, the economic effect that can be achieved after equipment overhaul and modernization is compared with its cost and considered as an element of business change value. This method can help to analyze whether capital repairs and modernization are beneficial, taking into account the enterprise economic and financial opportunities. Keywords—Overhaul of Equipment, Modernization of Equipment, Enterprise Value, Market Value, Feasibility Analysis, Incremental Indicators, Enterprise Economic Opportunities.


The lunar maria are large expanses of basalt that infill antecedent impact basins and show evidence for postemplacement deformation. Landforms within many of these basins suggest a period of compressive tectonics, although their formation mechanism has yet to be established. Previous work for Mare Crisium demonstrated that basin‐circumferential wrinkle ridges, which typically demarcate the inner edge of an annulus of elevated terrain, are the result of deep‐seated thrust faults that preferentially form along the boundary of an elevated superisostatic portion of mantle and a thick, subisostatic collar of crustal material. Here, we show that a similar fault architecture exists for several other mascon‐bearing basins, including Maria Serenitatis, Nectaris, Moscoviense, and, to a lesser degree, Humorum and Imbrium. These deeply penetrating basin‐circumferential thrust faults, as for Mare Crisium, form a (partial) outward‐dipping ring‐fault system that bounds the elevated mantle plug beneath each basin as a geometric consequence of mascon evolution. If this geometric arrangement is unique to the Moon, then some characteristic(s) of lunar mascon evolution enables the formation of such mascon‐bounding faults. Despite the ubiquitous nature of mascon‐bound thrust ring faults at several lunar basins, whether such structures exist at mascon basins on other terrestrial worlds remains an open question.


According to the characteristics of detailed still image,a new algorithm is proposed in order to simulate a complex process in which the eyes differentiate between detail and texture of an image.With this algorithm,details of image can be protected from being damaged by the watermark and more watermarks can be embedded into the textured areas.


A histological and histochemical investigation of the middle ear mucosa and bone structure is presented. 826 specimens of the mucosa and bone were removed at surgery from 102 patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media. Changes were found to affect the mucous membrane and the underlying bone both of the middle ear cleft and of the mastoid process, as well as the ossicular chain. The chronic inflammatory process causes in most cases severe and wide-spread lesions of the mucosa and bone, the extent and variety of which must be carefully considered by the surgeon before undertaking the surgical treatment of chronic otitis media. It follows, therefore, that at tympanoplasty operations an adequate curettage has to be carried out both of the tympanic cavity and of the mastoid process, which is usually affected by the inflammatory process. It would, therefore, be more correct to define the disease as chronic otomastoiditis.


One of the biggest challenges that the nation faces today is the problem on how to improve the performance of Filipino students in mathematics and science. The steep downfall of the science and mathematics competencies that Filipino students demonstrate in standards-based tests as measured against international levels has belittled the nation's capacity to compete globally in academic competitions. And the Philippine Educational System can only put the blame on the subject teachers who have a direct contact with learners. But to educators, instruction may not be the sole factor that brings about the problem. Surely, there is more to determinants of students' performance in mathematics than teacher-factor. For one, attitude that is observed in different directions – student towards the subject, student towards the teacher, teacher toward the subject, teacher toward the student – may also be considered non-intellective factors that may bring about an effect on student performance in mathematics, not to mention environment, support from family, and the like which may also influence such. Some of these may be even traced back to a learner's remotest experiences, and reading difficulties can be one of them. study attempted to identify factors that determine achievement in Geometry through the use of document analysis and testing with 168 grade 9 students at LCUP Basic Education Department who were enrolled in the school year 2012. The study found that among the variables involved, GPA, IQ and reading proficiency are good determinants of achievement in Geometry while age, gender and parental educational attainment are not.


Recent studies on sonic -boom generated underwater sound fields are reviewed. In the deeper part of the water, the sound pressure level and tonal content of interest are found to be affected strongly by interactions with surface waves at the air -water interface and with the elasti c medium of the sea bed. The models and problem formulations in these two aspects are examined; the essential findings from analyses, laboratory and field measurements are discussed.


This paper addresses the problem of adaptive blind sparse source separation in the time domain of an over-determined instantaneous noisy mixture. A two-step approach is proposed: first, the data are projected on the signal subspace estimated using the principal subspace tracker FAPI. In the second step, an ℓ1 criterion is used to represent the sparsity property of the signal sources. For the optimization of this cost function, an adaptive method based on Givens and Shear rotations is used. This algorithm, referred to SGDS-FAPI, guarantees low computational complexity which is essential in the adaptive context. Numerical simulations have been performed, and showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing solutions in both convergence speed and estimation quality.


Measurements on quantum channels are described by so-called process operator valued measures, or process POVMs. We study implementing schemes of extremal process POVMs. As it turns out, the corresponding measurement must satisfy certain extremality property, which is stronger that the usual extremality given by the convex structure. This property motivates the introduction and investigation of the A-convex structure of POVMs, which generalizes both the usual convex and C*-convex structure. We show that extremal points and faces of the set of process POVMs are closely related to A-extremal points and A-faces of POVMs, for a certain subalgebra A. We give a characterization of A-extremal and A-pure POVMs in the Appendix.


Two cases of sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst are presented. They both are male; a twenty-year-old desk worker and a twenty-two-year-old truck driver. After more than one year's history of effusion coming out of the f istule, excision and primary closure were given. We now have an impression that complete excision of the lesion is of great importance in the management of this relatively rare condition.


The effect of heat-treatment on the solubility and viscosity of salt-extracted protein of spawning chum salmon (skin color: dark) caught upstream was compared with those of pre-spawning chum salmon (skin color: bright) caught in coastal seas. Proteins extracted from chum salmon muscle with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing various concentrations of N aOI were heated for 15 min at 20 to 100"0. The solubility of the sarcoplasmic protein fraction markedly changed during heating above 40"0. The heat-coagulability of the sarcoplasmic protein fractions from spawning salmon were not greater than that of pre-spawning salmon. For the 30-40"0 treatment, total protein fractions extracted with 0.5 M salt from spawning salmon were more viscous than that from prespawning salmon. After heat-treatment above 40"0, the protein solutions showed a sudden decrease in viscosity.


OLLOWING THE ORIGINAL DISCOVERY, BY BITTF ner,l of an extrachromosomal factor in the milk of mice of certain inbred strains, numerous studies by many workers on this socalled milk factor or milk agent have demonstrated its part and essential importance in the development of mammary cancer in mice, providing other factors, such as genetic, hormonal, etc. are present.6 This extrachromosoma1 or mammary tumor-inducing factor, now known as Bittner virus, has been shown by biophysical procedures such as differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation, combined with electron microscopic examination and biological tests, to be a particle of certain size, characteristic internal structure, with mammary tumor-inducing properties.10. 17, 18 Since the original observation of characteristic virus-like particles in thin sections of mouse mammary tumors,'6 details of their internal structureg, 3 and mode of developmentl0> have been described. A tentative classification has been proposed for these part i c l e ~ . ~ The extracytoplasmic particles found in mammary tumors of mice have been classified as immature B (composed of 4 distinct layers with electron-lucent nucleoid) and mature B (with electron-dense eccentric nucleoid).* The extracytoplasmic particles present in leukemia of mice have been classified


In Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces, 5 varieties of the garlic crops are totally diseased. The virus disease frequently causes degeneration of viruliferousness, loss of yields and reduction of tolerant to store. Symptoms due to the infection of virus are chlorotic mottling between the veins, yellow streaking and mosaic, scarcely visible and leaf distortion or deformation. The virus can be artificially inoculated on Vicia faba, then produces brown local lesions, slight spot on Chenopodium murale, necrot...


This paper described methods which can be used to construct "behavioural objectives" at the level of a Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences within a Faculty of Medicine, and also in the choice of Specific curricular content. An attempt is then made to (i) Identify the basic skills that studies in the social and behavioural science might seek to develop in medical students ; (ii) Develop a set of Departmental Objectives which arise out of these basic skills, so that courses in these areas are as realistic and as practical as possible ; (iii) Extend this approach and show how it might be used as a method for developing a specific and measurable curriculum in the social and behavioural sciences ; . (iv), Identify some basic practical problems arising from a decision, by a Faculty of Medicine, to incorporate aspects of the social and behavioural sciences into the curriculum. For illustrative purposes each of the above tasks has been applied to the Indonesian context. It may thus be expected to have direct practical application to nther, similar developing countries ; but, of course, the approach to curriculum design will have more widespread application.


Measurements of the second and third order electro‐optic response of side‐chain copolymer films are reported and discussed in the frame of an extended model taking into account the dependence of the nonlinearity on the orientational distribution of poled copolymers, charge injection and trapping in the films upon application of large voltage drops and screening of the electric field in the mesoscopic films.


Designation and optimization of facets of photocatalysts is an effective strategy to address the issue of facet-dependent photocatalytic reactions. However, studies regarding the facet effect of me...


It's hard to be humble, not because we don't have more than enough deficiencies to merit humility, but rather because there's crafty mechanism inside of us that normally doesn't let us go to the place of humility.


A compact subminiature-type coaxial noise source has been developed using the triple-point temperature of phenoxybenzene (300.01 K) as its physical temperature standard. The temperature can be easily attained and is excellent in stability and reproducibility. The noise source is well suited to a standard providing a noise temperature near room temperature.


This study aims to present a modified adaptive fuzzy control (MAFC) for power quality improvement, whereby adaptive fuzzy control with parameter adaptive capability is employed to emulate optimal control. Different from conventional fuzzy control-based current control method without analytical tools to guarantee basic performance criteria, high-performance control system can be realized using Lyapunov-based adaptive fuzzy control. Also, in order to compensate the fuzzy approximation error (FAE) in conventional fuzzy control, a modified adaptive fuzzy control with adaptive compensator is developed. Unlike the existing approaches, adaptive compensator can estimate the optimal value of FAE with no need of upper bound of FAE. Simulation and experimental results verify that proposed control strategies reveal superior performance under different conditions.


Hydrophobically modified (HM) water-soluble polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch or guar exhibit enhanced solution viscosity and unique rheological behaviour. These properties are explained in terms of intermolecular hydrophobic associations [1]. The general solution viscosity behavior of HM polymers of different hydrophobic chain length (moth frequently in the range of C8 to C24) is characterized by the peak viscosity region observed for a certain alkyl group content (between 1 to 5 wt. %). After reaching the maximum increase in viscosity (peak region) at a certain hydrophobic level, the viscosity dramatically decreases with increasing number of the hydrophobic moieties on the polymer chain. The monomer unit of HA consists of N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid bonded via β(1→3) and β(1→4) interglycosidic bonds [2]. In general, alkzlation of cellulosic derivatives proceeds via corresponding alcoholates. Dialkyl sulfates are not suitable due to their toxicity and carcinogenity. Preparation of alkyl-modified HA chains therefore was achieved upon the alkylation with alkyl halides. In both procedures the selectivity in the attachment of the alkyl chain is limited. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize physico-chemical properties of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified hyaluronic acid derivatives (FM HA).


Helping copper glow Copper's abundance makes the metal an appealing candidate for luminescence applications. However, many copper complexes tend to decay nonradiatively after photoexcitation. A recently described exception involves a two-coordinate complex that sandwiches the metal between an amide ligand and a carbene ligand. Hamze et al. thoroughly explored this motif and measured a nearly perfect luminescence efficiency. They used this property to produce a prototype blue organic light-emitting diode. The photodynamics appeared largely ligand-centered, with the excited state attributed to copper-facilitated charge transfer from amide to carbene. Science, this issue p. 601 Sandwiching copper between redox-active amide and carbene ligands leads to exceptionally efficient photoluminescence. Luminescent complexes of heavy metals such as iridium, platinum, and ruthenium play an important role in photocatalysis and energy conversion applications as well as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Achieving comparable performance from more–earth-abundant copper requires overcoming the weak spin-orbit coupling of the light metal as well as limiting the high reorganization energies typical in copper(I) [Cu(I)] complexes. Here we report that two-coordinate Cu(I) complexes with redox active ligands in coplanar conformation manifest suppressed nonradiative decay, reduced structural reorganization, and sufficient orbital overlap for efficient charge transfer. We achieve photoluminescence efficiencies >99% and microsecond lifetimes, which lead to an efficient blue-emitting OLED. Photophysical analysis and simulations reveal a temperature-dependent interplay between emissive singlet and triplet charge-transfer states and amide-localized triplet states.


So far, this study has examined the ways in which colleges and universities approach administrative business processes and how they use technology to support those processes. This chapter examines the approaches and technologies institutions have adopted to improve business process performance, and then discusses some emerging cross-industry trends and how these may impact future efforts to improve process performance in higher education.


The selection process and steps of the main engine with objective of reducing ship oil consumption were stated.Through the parameters analysis and selection process application,the example of main engine selection for a large bulk carrier was studied.The results showed that the fuel consumption can be reduced by reducing speed and the average effective pressure.


This article tells about the health as the one of the major life value. There was always a problem of its high level maintenance historically. There are shown four aspects of this problem: а) personally aspiration to the good health; b) the public importance of a health condition of each individual and population; c) formation of effective systems of health maintenance (strengthening, preservation, restoration); d) self-preparation and state preparation of « health builders».


As interconnects dominate circuit performance in modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), placement becomes a crucial stage for timing closure. Traditional FPGA placers seldom consider the timing constraints and, thus, may lead to illegal routing solutions. In this article, we present an incremental timing-driven placement flow for advanced FPGAs. First, a timing-based global placement strategy is designed to guide heterogeneous blocks to desired locations with satisfied timing constraints. Then, a timing-aware packing algorithm is developed to mitigate the design complexity while improving the timing results. Finally, we propose a critical path-based optimization method to generate optimized layout without timing violations. We evaluate our algorithm based on industrial circuits using an advanced FPGA device. The experimental results show that our placer achieves a 5.1% improvement in worst slack and produce placements that require 16.7% less time to route when compared with the leading commercial tool Xilinx Vivado.


IntroductionThe Common Lisp Object System is an object-oriented extension toCommon Lisp as defined in Common Lisp: The Language, by GuyL. Steele Jr. It is based on generic functions, multipleinheritance, declarative method combination, and a meta-objectprotocol.
The first two chapters of this specification present adescription of the standard Programmer Interface for the CommonLisp Object System. The first chapter contains a description of theconcepts of the Common Lisp Object System, and the second containsa description of the functions and macros in the Common Lisp ObjectSystem Programmer Interface. The chapter "The Common Lisp ObjectSystem Meta-Object Protocol" describes how the Common Lisp ObjectSystem can be customized.
The fundamental objects of the Common Lisp Object System areclasses, instances, generic functions, and methods.
A class object determines the structure and behavior of aset of other objects, which are called its instances. EveryCommon Lisp object is an instance of a class. The class ofan object determines the set of operations that can be performed onthe object.
A generic function is a function whose behavior dependson the classes or identities of the arguments supplied to it. Ageneric function object contains a set of methods, a lambda-list, amethod combination type, and other information. The methodsdefine the class-specific behavior and operations of the genericfunction; a method is said to specialize a generic function.When invoked, a generic function executes a subset of its methodsbased on the classes of its arguments.
A generic function can be used in the same ways that an ordinaryfunction can be used in Common Lisp; in particular, a genericfunction can be used as an argument to funcall andapply and can be given a global or a local name.
A method is an object that contains a method function, asequence of parameter speclalizers that specify when thegiven method is applicable, and a sequence of qualifiersthat is used by the method combination facility todistinguish among methods. Each required formal parameter of eachmethod has an associated parameter specializer, and the method willbe invoked only on arguments that satisfy its parameterspecializers.
The method combination facility controls the selection ofmethods, the order in which they are run, and the values that arereturned by the generic function. The Common Lisp Object Systemoffers a default method combination type and provides a facilityfor declaring new types of method combination.


We conducted a keyword search to sample a subset of research on landscape ecology published in Biotropica between 2016 and mid‐2021. Our search returned 112 studies, which we summarize in terms of focal taxon and habitat. From this pool of studies, we selected 14 papers for the virtual special issue "Insights from a Landscape Ecological Perspective for Tropical Biology and Conservation." The 14 papers selected exemplify notable trends in recent research in landscape ecology and provide an opportunity to highlight suggestions for high‐impact future research: 1) continuing to expand how we think about responses to landscape change by embracing new measures of immunology and gene expression, 2) documenting the conservation value of small habitats as essential reservoirs of biodiversity, 3) clarifying the relative impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation, with particular emphasis on cross‐scale studies from a variety of landscapes and taxonomic groups.


Practically, the concept of convolution reverts to the features where transformations and mathematical estimations for filters are designed. Each such filter and their operations are intended to perform real time applications that would suggest the different sections of the domains in embedded systems. One such application is for Digital signal & Image process. Currently the design on Convolutions are intended with filtering of the images with edges and other detection kernels. The proposed design implements the 3X3 kernel with 32x32 image size and 16 bit storage of data input conditioning with 9x16 convolution filter as modelled using Verilog. Here our design impacts on the improved power reduction factor based on the architecture design of the Convolutions with single multiplier ensuring the convolution stage with minimalistic features improvised on convolutions. Our design provides a 43.11 percentage reduction of power with dynamic scenarios of each of the data logics, signal and design elements using Verilog (Xilinx HDL).


Contaminated by Cl. botulinum type E variant, lecithin within the internal organ of Pabylonia japonica living in bog was spalted by lecithinase A and D which is produced by that bacillus to give β-monoacylglycetylphosphatide as β-toxin from the internal organ. When man eat these Eabylonia japonica at hall-cooked, he will suffer from foodpoisoning and die in the worst case. This β-toxin contains organic phosphoric acid and combines with acetylcholinesterase owing to become active phosphoric acid in mammalial bodies. So β-toxin has very much faster poisoning action than that of Parathion which at first becomes Paraoxon by oxidation and then produces active phosphoric acid in mammalial bodies. α-and β-toxin in co-operation act mammals to food-poisoning. In the poisoned animal apparently acetylcholin is not produced in the end plates, and the action of the toxin is proximal to the point at which the toxin is produced. The toxin acts on the nerve filaments since acetylcholin is released following direct stimulation of the excised diaphragm of the animal, but not tetanization of the phrenic nerves. Neuromuscular paralysis observed in the poisoned animal is a result of interference with conduction in the terminal twigs of motor nerve. Venerupis philippinarum is contaminated by one of Pseudomonas and α-, β- and γ-toxins produced. These toxins to enclude, became so-called enteroxin and mammalian became food-poisoning by this toxin, α-Toxin is lecithinase A, β-toxin is β-monoacylglycerylphosphatidylcholin and γ-toxin is 2.4-dinitrophenyl-peptide. The poisoning action of α-and β-toxin is fatal and it dissolves blood corpuscle. 2·4-DNP-peptide is feverish and vomiting material. This β-toxin can be determined from its half-wave potential in polarography in the supporting electrolyte of 1N-NH4C1 with pure etanol (1:4). Therefore we are able to know whether this material is β-type or α-type. β-Type is a hybrid of reasonance to α-type and has dipolemoment and is toxic, but α-type is not. The former E1/2=-1.12±0.02v. and the latter E1/2=-1.28±0.02v. γ-Toxin is able to determin by its half-wave potential in polarography using 8% ethanol. E1/2 of this is -1.02±0.02v. We can determin the poisoning grade by polarography using the solution of 1N-NH4C1+99.5% ethanol and[Co(NH3)6]C13. The polarographic tests tell us about β-toxin produced, spalted cystine of patient's serum and thiol-radical produced, so we are able to know poisoning grade, measusing its distance of Co+++ wave and Co wave. Thus we are able to determine food-poisoning assay. E1/2 of β-monoacylglycerylphosphatide is -1.20±0.02v., so we are able to know the existance of f3-toxin, produced by Cl. botulimum type E also.


In 1984, Overlook Hospital added a for-profit home health agency to its already established hospital-based home health agency. While the rationale for the development of two distinct organizations was sound, there were special legal, financial, and quality assurance issues and problems to consider.


This paper displays a closed model structure for the category of cubical sets and shows that the resulting homotopy category is equivalent to the ordinary homotopy category for topological spaces. The main results are Theorem 19, which gives the model structure, and Theorem 29 and Corollary 30 which together imply the equivalence of homotopy categories. The cofibrations and weak equivalences for the theory are what one might expect, namely levelwise inclusions and maps which induce weak equivalences of topological spaces respectively. The closed model structure is relatively easy to derive, once one gets away from the preconception that fibrations should be defined by analogy with Kan fibrations. A fibration is defined to be a map which has the right lifting property with respect to all trivial cofibrations. The verification of the closed model axioms is essentially formal, and is displayed here (see also [4]) as a consequence of standard tricks from localization theory having to do with a bounded cofibration condition for countable complexes. The equivalence of the homotopy category of cubical complexes with the ordinary homotopy category is much more interesting, and follows from the assertion that the cubical singular functor satisfies excision in a non-abelian sense. There is an underlying category of models, namely the box category , which is used to define cubical sets in the same way that the category of ordinal numbers defines simplicial sets. This means that a cubical set X is defined as a contravariant functor X : op → Set on the box category, taking values in the category of sets. The box category and its basic properties are the subject of the first section of this paper, while the first properties of cubical sets are described in the second section. The closed model structure is derived in Section 3, and appears as Theorem 19. The assertion that the homotopy categories of cubical sets and topological spaces (or simplicial sets) are equivalent involves the final three sections of this paper. One needs a good subdivision operator. There is certainly an obvious subdivision of an n-cube, which is just a product of barycentric subdivisions of


The Tank Pressure Control Experiment (TPCE) is discussed with attention given to the results for controlling storage-tank pressures by forced-convective mixing in microgravitational environments. The fluid dynamics of cryogenic fluids in space is simulated with freon-113 during axial-jet-induced mixing. The experimental flow-pattern data are found to confirm previous data as well as existing mixing correlations. Thermal nonuniformities and tank pressure can be reduced by employing low-energy mixing jets which are useful for enhancing heat/mass transfer between phases. It is found that space cryogenic systems based on the principle of active mixing can be more reliable and predictable than other methods, and continuous or periodic mixing can be accomplished with only minor energy addition to the fluid.


The characteristics of customer knowledge about special local products and the characteristics of trustful products make the country-of-origin image theory applicable to be used in special local products management,especially the country-of-origin image theory on forming mechanism,the country-of-origin image theory on effect mechanism,and the country-of-origin image theory on mediating variables.So,all of these theories should be used in the research on the inspection of country-of-origin effects about special local products,the exploration of country-of-origin mechanism about special local products,and the study of country-of-origin mediating effects about special local products.


In this paper, we describe our approach to the TRECVID 2007 BBC Rushes Summarization task. Our processing is composed of several steps. First the video is segmented into shots. Then, one-second video segments are clustered into similarity classes. The most important non-redundant shots are selected such that they maximize the coverage of those similarity classes. Then shots are dynamically accelerated according to their motion activity to maximize the content per time unit. Finally they are optimally grouped by sets of four to be presented using split-screen display. The summaries produced have been evaluated in the TRECVID campaign. We present a first attempt at automating the evaluation process.


Abstract : The modeling of a moving target for a single channel spaceborne SAR geometry has already been accomplished to a high degree of accuracy by Eldhuset et al., but extending the model to include a SAR system that is equipped with multiple apertures (e.g. RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X) still requires further work. The purpose of this short technical memo is to do exactly that to derive a set of equations of motion of a ground moving target for a multi-channel spaceborne SAR. These equations of motion will be shown to be applicable to both airborne and spaceborne multi-channel SAR systems in stripmap mode.


suggested digital image interpolation algorithm based on the contourlet transform is presented in this paper. The use of the contourlet transform improves the regularity of object boundaries in the generated high-resolution images. An edge- based image interpolation technique that uses wavelet transform with symmetric biorthogonal wavelets is used as the initial estimate for the contourlet interpolation algorithm. An iterative projection process is then used to drive our solution aimed towards an improved high-resolution image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm objectively and subjectively outperforms other commonly used algorithms such as the bilinear, and linear wavelet algorithms, and also the image interpolation with geometric representations.


We investigated the role of protein kinase C u (PKC u ) in the activation of the NF- k B cascade in primary human CD4 1 lymphocytes. Among six or so PKC isoforms expressed in T cells, only PKC u participates in the assembly of the supramolecular activation clusters at the contact site of the TCR with Ag. Signaling via both the TCR and CD28 is required for optimal activation of the multisubunit I k B kinase (IKK) complex in primary human T lymphocytes; this activation could be inhibited by a Ca 2 1 -inde-pendent PKC isoform inhibitor, rottlerin. Moreover, endogenous PKC u physically associates with activated IKK complexes in CD3/CD28-costimulated primary CD4 1 T cells. The same set of stimuli also induced relocation of endogenous PKC u and IKKs to a GM1 ganglioside-enriched, detergent-insoluble membrane compartment in primary T cells. IKKs recruited to these lipid rafts were capable of phosphorylating a recombinant I k B a sustrate. Confocal microscopy further demonstrated that exogenously expressed PKC u and IKK b colocalize in the membrane of CD3/CD28-costimulated Jurkat T cells. Constitutively active but not kinase-inactive PKC u activated IKK b in Jurkat T cells. Expression of dominant-active PKC u also had stimulatory effects on the CD28 response element of the IL-2 promoter. Taken together, these data show that the activation of PKC u by the TCR and CD28 plays an important role in the assembly and activation of IKK complexes in the T cell membrane. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 6933–6940.


method of anaesthesia in carefully selected cases. The authors explore how hypnosis can prevent pain perception and surgical stress, and Pullman and Andrzejowski discuss in the accompanying editorial [2] how Facco et al.'s scientific approach might enable future research to be conducted. The authors note that inappropriate or negative communication can worsen pain perception, requiring higher compensatory doses of analgesic drugs, and plead for the re-introduction of professional subjectivity and behavioural competence in anaesthesia. Indirect and suggestive communication can also improve nonsurgical outcome. Autosuggestion can reduce medication side-effects, save money and physicians' time, and improve healing for conditions less amenable to medication or other therapies [3]. Pain, for instance, is in part an emotional experience modulated by many psychological variables sensitive to different inhibitory systems, for which linguistic and behavioural manipulation could be effective methods of analgesia [4, 5]. Good training in communication skills is essential. For example, an emotional intelligence framework may improve effective interpersonal and communication competencies in all healthcare professionals [6, 7]. Medicine can address the bio-physiological features, but psychology can deepen and train the communication and language skills necessary to improve clinical procedures and outcomes for anaesthetists and other professionals involved in pain management [8].


'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted in 3-ft rows Apr 19, at Parma, ID in Greenleaf-Owyhee silt loam soil. Plots were furrow irrigated. Sprays were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer at 40 psi and 60 gal/acre. Nozzles were spaced at 18 inches on a 4 ft boom. Treatments were replicated in 30-ft long 4-row plots in a randomized complete block design. Colorado potato beetle larvae were counted in a 25 ft section of the 2 center rows.


The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is very important in the diagnosis of epileptic seizure. Long-term EEG recordings of an epileptic patient contain a huge amount of EEG data. The detection of epileptic activity is, therefore, a very demanding process that requires a detailed analysis of the entire length of the EEG data, usually performed by an expert. This paper describes a classification of EEG signals for the detection of epileptic seizures using high pass filter and comparing the results with low pass filter through Matlab software. The proposed methodology was applied on EEG data sets that belong to three epileptic subjects during a seizure. The results confirmed that the proposed algorithm has a potential in the classification of EEG signals and detection of epileptic seizures, and could thus further improve the diagnosis of epilepsy.


We have built a proof-of-concept system allowing us to get one plausible 3D shape from a complex 2D drawing. The shape approximately matches the 2D drawing, and has a reasonable 3D form. We apply and generalize Williams' process for inferring a 3D shape from 2D contours [Williams 1994]: completion of hidden contours ("figural completion"), topological reconstruction of the shape ("paneling construction"), and smooth embedding by relaxation. Figure 2(left) and Figure 3 show two input drawings and the desired outputs of the first and last stages mentioned.


This development research aims to find out: (1) how the implementation of learning to news writing is currently being carried out by students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang, (2) how the effectiveness of the implementation of project-based learning models through a contextual approach in the ability to news writing for students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang. , and (3) how to develop a project-based learning model through a contextual approach to improve the ability to news writing for students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang. This research method is the Research and Development (R&D) method. The population of this research is the students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang. Data was collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. To develop the learning model, a preliminary study was carried out, model design, trials, revisions, and final modeling. After the final model is obtained, it is tested on students and summarizes the responses given by students. To analyze the statistical assessment in the process of implementing the test, the t-test was applied. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the students' views on how to learn to write news show that the learning that is mostly done by students is writing on their own either on campus, at home, and discussing with friends. After testing the hypothesis with the rule of t arithmetic > t table or 11.473 > 2.042, there is a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the first treatment and the second treatment. At the development stage this model was analyzed based on the concept of learning to news writing including, material, methods, attitudes, steps, and learning design.


To manage load demand (LD) for reducing electrical cost efficiently, Load Shifting is the one of Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies to cut max load demand (MLD) at on-peak period (ON), and then shift it into off-peak period (OF) due to lower tariff by Time of Use meter (TOU). In this study, every l-hour-recorded LD each day in months of Bangkhen Water Treatment plant (BKP) is discussed as a case study. Then, they are clustered by K-Mean clustering technique to find optimal value as its hour. 24 hours are consequentially applied. After that, each value is plotted to polynomial algorithm to be a graph of clustered LD. 7 steps for Load Factor (LF) improvement by Load Shifting are presented in this study. As a consequence, the result shows the electrical cost decreasing from taking each step on clustered LD as Load Shifting for LF improvement.


The extent of the Genesis Flood has been vigorously debated by biblical scholars. For those who accept a recent creation week of six literal consecutive, twenty-four-days, a universal Flood is necessary to explain the existence of the geologic column. The thesis of this study is that only the traditional interpretation which posits a literal, universal, worldwide Genesis Flood does full justice to all the relevant biblical data. The author summarizes twenty-two lines of biblical evidence — including terminological, thematic, contextual, grammatical-syntactical, literary-structural, logical-conceptual, theological, canonical, and typological which support the universality of the Genesis Flood.


Requirements specification notations are developed by organizations in order to meet their specific needs. For example, the Threads‐Capabilities notation, an in house notation at Raytheon Systems Canada, Ltd., has been developed and used for specifying their complex, large scale, air traffic control systems. It is a semi‐formal, structured, natural language notation. In this work, we investigate how to make this semi‐formal notation more rigorous (i.e., formal) by developing and applying a new formalization process to it. By doing this, we can obtain the advantages of formal methods (precise, unambiguous, automatic generation of test specifications, automated typechecking, etc.) while retaining the style and readability of the original notation. We call the formalized notation the Stimulus Response Requirements Specification (SRRS) notation. Our results have been successful for the specific notation. The formalized notation has been demonstrated to reduce the time and improve the quality of the requirements specifications. There is additional training time, however, needed to learn to use the notation and tools.


In the wake of the fall of the Berlin wall, and with the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe collapsing, Italian Communist Party (PCI) head Achille Occhetto shocked his party in 1989 by insisting that the PCI jettison its old name and become something new. This dramatic book tells of the ensuing struggle within the PCI, which at the time was Italy's second-largest party and the most powerful Communist party in the West. David I. Kertzer's vivid depiction of the conflict brings to life the tactics that party factions employed and the anguish of party members for whom Communism was the core of their identity. Kertzer also tells a larger story from an anthropologist's perspective: the story of the importance of symbols, myths, and rituals in modern politics. Those who seek dramatic political change, Kertzer contends, must remake history. He recounts how those who succeeded in transforming the PCI into the new Democratic Party of the Left effectively used ritual and manipulated political symbols. Bringing the views of Antonio Gramsci, Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, and other political thinkers into his discussion, Kertzer explores theoretical issues involving the relation between symbolism and political power, concluding that modern politics is fundamentally a struggle over symbols and the redefinition of history.


The Ease of Doing Business index, published by the World Bank, ranks countries by how easy it is to do business in them, with the goal of encouraging reforms favoring firms and economic prosperity. However, it is not guaranteed that the index is properly constructed to measure what it aims to measure, and the placement of certain countries on the index, as well as the results from a number of previous studies, indicate that there may be flaws in its construction.

This study investigates both whether changes in the placement on the index correlates with economic growth, and whether the inclusion of corruption levels as an additional variable measured in it would strengthen the correlation. The study uses regression analysis based on panel data, where the correlation between Ease of Doing Business rankings and growth rates in GNI per capita are studied with and without corruption levels as explanatory variables.

The results indicate that placements in the Ease of Doing Business index do not significantly correlate with GNI per capita growth. However, the inclusion of corruption levels do not lead to any clear improvements.


Introduction is made to the autoconer regardig its tech-progress in length determination,overlapping prevention,equal tension coning,splicing,waxing,autocontrol,electric cleaning,energy economy,and production rate.Proper application of autoconer is important to downstream process for good yarn quality and coning quality.It proves that autoconer 5 and POLAR leads the full automation coner in the world.


Abstract Individuals living at home with dementia often rely on a team of caregivers and health care providers. Yet little is known about how the role of paid caregivers within this team is determined. We identified patients with moderate to severe dementia (n=9) and conducted individual interviews with their care teams (family caregiver, paid caregiver, physician) (n=27) to explore perspectives on paid caregiver roles. Participants disagreed on who determined the paid caregiver's role. Agencies were perceived to set limitations on the scope of care (particularly by physicians) but agency care plans were often seen as inadequate and failing to capture important nuances of care. Most family caregivers believed they should guide what paid caregivers did in the home, while most paid caregivers reported relying on their own experience and knowledge. Understanding and addressing these differing perceptions is critical to improving the quality of paid care in the home.


This paper presents a strategy for improving reliability by using a robust design method. In this approach, reliability is related to performance degradation and several reliability models are developed to address performance degradation. This robust design strategy integrates orthogonal array experiments with environmental stress testing. Its goal is to select optimal levels of design parameters such that the product performance will be less sensitive to environmental stresses and thus more reliable. This method is applied to the design of an IC wire-bonding process and a comparison shows that the products produced with optimum design parameters are more robust and reliable under environmental stresses. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


With the continued shrinking of CMOS technologies and smaller device sizes, soft errors have become of major concern. Since these types of errors do not reflect a permanent failure of the device, they are also called transient faults. Transient faults or soft errors are mainly caused by Single Event Upsets (SEUs). SEU is a bit-flip in digital systems due to the impact of energy particles [17]. SEU faults arise from energetic particles such as neutrons from cosmic rays and alpha particles from packaging material.


What is man?Text : "What is man that thou art mindful of him? And the son of man that thou dost care for him? Yet thou hast made him a little lower than God, and dost crown him with glory and honor" (Ps. 8:4,5).Was Psalm eight written at night? Here is an inspired panorama of night sky with myriad, sparkling stars above and -rich natural resources on the earth beneath.But nature only serves as a backdrop agai nst which the psalmist projects the portrait of man. "When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; What is man, that thou art mindful of him ? and the son of man, that thou visitest him ?" What is man?God's last wordWho gets the last word at your house? A man married to a domineering wife claimed he always got the last word in any argument. It was, "Yes, dear." Admittedly some last words are more important than others. Focus for a moment on the subject, "God's Last Word!"


One of the established unstable power swing (out-of-step) detection algorithms in micro grid/smart grid power systems uses a trajectory of apparent impedance in the R-X plane. However, this algorithm is not suitable for fast out-of-step conditions and it is hard to detect out-of-step conditions exactly. Another algorithm for out-of-step detection is using phasor measurement units (PMUs). However, PMUs need extra equipment. This paper presents the out-of-step detection algorithm using the trajectory of complex power. The trajectory of complex power and generator mechanical power is used to identify out-of-step conditions. A second order low pass digital filter is used to extract the generator mechanical power from the complex power. Variations of complex power are used to identify equilibrium points between stable and unstable conditions. The proposed out-of-step algorithm is based on the modification of assessment of a transient stability using equal area criterion (EAC). The proposed out-of-step algorithm is verified and tested by using alternative transient program/electromagnetic transient program (ATP/EMTP) MODELS.


ROTOR SAFETY SHAPED BALL OF A LIGHTER SHOT SPIN STABILIZED INCLUDES A 5 ROUGH TO LOCK THE ROTOR IN ITS SAFETY POSITION. A ROOM OF RECEPTION FOR AGENT 1 IGNITION ENDS IN 2 AND 3 OPENINGS ON THE SURFACE OF THE BALL. TO IMPROVE THE BEHAVIOR OF POSITIONING THE ROTOR IS EXPECTED NEAR THE TWO OPENINGS 2, 3 OF CUT 8, 9 TO REDUCE MASS ROTOR.


Abstract We generalise the correspondence between
$\aleph _0$
 -categorical theories and their automorphism groups to arbitrary complete theories in classical logic, and to some theories (including, in particular, all
$\aleph _0$
 -categorical ones) in continuous logic.


A marquee feature of the powerful human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its macrophage parasitism. The intracellular survival of this microorganism rests upon its ability to arrest phagolysosome biogenesis, avoid direct cidal mechanisms in macrophages, and block efficient antigen processing and presentation. Mycobacteria prevent Rab conversion on their phagosomes and elaborate glycolypid and protein trafficking toxins that interfere with Rab effectors and regulation of specific organellar biogenesis in mammalian cells. One of the major Rab effectors affected in this process is the type III phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase hVPS34 and its enzymatic product phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PI3P), a regulatory lipid earmarking organellar membranes for specific trafficking events. PI3P is also critical for the process of autophagy, recently recognized as an effector of innate and adaptive immunity. Induction of autophagy by physiological, pharmacological or immunological signals, including the major antituberculosis Th1 cytokine IFN‐γ and its downstream effector p47 GTPase LRG‐47, can overcome mycobacterial phagosome maturation block and inhibit intracellular M. tuberculosis survival. This review summarizes the findings centred around the PI3P‐nexus where the mycobacterial phagosome maturation block and execution stages of autophagy intersect.


The profile of non communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors was identified in three industries by pre tested WHO's STEPS questionnaire. A cross - sectional survey of all employment categories of three industries (4356 employees) was done after randomly selecting subjects (563) from worker (57%) and non worker categories (43%), after informed consent. Information was collected on behavioral risk factors (STEP I),
followed by anthropometric and blood pressure measurements by a trained investigator (STEP II). STEP III constituted biochemical assessment of "at risk" subjects (≥ 3 risk factors). Data was analyzed using Epi-info version-6.04d computer package and percentage of subjects having NCD risk factors was calculated. The majority (92.18%) of the subjects had low daily intake of vegetables and fruits; 53.28% of the subjects had high BMI (≥25 kg/m²). Subjects having ahigh waist-to-hip ratio and high waist circumference were 42.58% and 32.30%, respectively. Tobacco usage (32.14%), physical inactivity (33.21%), and alcohol consumption (15%) were also prevalent among the study
subjects. History of hypertension and diabetes was present in 23.44% and 9.76% of subjects, respectively. About 63.22% of the subjects were identified as being 'at risk' (i.e., had ≥3 risk factors), with prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and diabetes of 50, 35 and 7% respectively. A high prevalence of NCD risk factors in industrial setting was seen; therefore public health approaches are required at
workplace settings to curtail the rising epidemic in the productive populations.


AbstractThe association between consumption of green tea and various serum components in a Japanese population was studied, with special reference to the preventive effects of green tea against cardiovascular and liver diseases. Specially, 1,371 men aged over 40 years were surveyed on living habits, including daily consumption of green tea, and their peripheral blood samples were subjected to several biochemical assays. We first found that increased consumption of green tea was associated with decreased serum total cholesterol and triglyceride; increased proportion of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased proportion of low density and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, reflecting in a reduced atherogenic index. In addition, increased consumption of green tea, especially more than ten cups a day, was also related to decreased concentration of hepatological serum markers such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and serum ferritin. These observations indicated that...


In today's Era,various industries are settling up in India and tourism is one of them. Tourism being one of the leading industries in India has set up the benchmark within last few years. Talking about today's scenario, the tourism industry is facing a huge loss because of the deadly humanitarian disease "COVID-19"that came at the end of 2019. It had led to the LOCKDOWN nationwide, leading towards the downfall of the hotel and tourism industry. Global covid-19 pandemic has challenged this sensitive industry with unprecedented circumstances and repercussions. Although, after the second wave, the situation is becoming better day by day, the tourist visits at famous stations have increased rapidly that may be harmful for the country and virus may further spread to the country and there are several reasons for increase in the tourist visit at different parts of the globe. These reasons have been considered as criteria for the study. The main objective of this work is to find out the main reasons why people are getting attracted towards tourism. In this work an AHP approach been proposed to solve the above discussed problem. Total seven criteria's have been taken from expert opinions which have been considered for study. It has been found that the reason "Upcoming 3rd Wave"has the maximum impact than other reasons for increment of people at tourist places. © 2023 Author(s).


In this Letter, a (2 + 1)-dimensional soliton equation is studied by He's variational approach. The solitary solutions are obtained using the Ritz method.


As a legal cultural phenomenon,Ordeal has existed in the histony of many ethnic groups.Tibetan people's ordeal has a long history and had been survived till the democratic reform in 1959.Ordeal has its knowledgeable,realistic and institutional foundation with many forms and rich content.Ordeal has traditional,religious,complementary,anti-scientific and final judicial characteristics.It played an important role in Tibetan traditional society.In today's Tibet,ordeal in realistic form doesn't exit any longer,but the concept of ordeal is still alive.Doing objective analysis and rational criticism on ordeal will be helpful for maintaining social stability,promoting the legal construction of socialism and building a harmonious society in Tibetan area.


One of the justified definitions of the present-day operative and preventive dentistry is that it is just applied adhesion science. In this context, adhesion can be, e.g., between dental tissues and restorations and this is what the dentist, dental material provider and the patient wish. Adhesion in dental sciences can also be an anathema with which we refer to harmful biofilm formation and its grave consequences in the oral milieu: gingival problems, halitosis, tooth decay and periodontal complications. Modern dentistry aims at minimal invasive techniques, i.e., saving as much dental tissues during restoration as clinically possible. Thus, dental sciences combine in a fascinating way oral biology, medicine, natural sciences and engineering. As natural and basic sciences that are invaluable in this context could be listed as analytical chemistry, oral biology, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, statistics, materials science and physics. Clinicians and researchers are fully aware of such modern motto which is based on minimal invasive dentistry and adhesive technologies: 'Seal is the deal'. Adhesive dentistry has its numerous applications in cariology, as well as in aesthetic and pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, gerodontology, implantology and orthodontics, in essence, in comprehensive dental care. The current developments in adhesive techniques for soft tissues and also some slow-releasing agents have expanded applications to endodontics, periodontology and maxillo-facial surgery as well. It is quite manifest that the concept 'adhesive dentistry' with novel materials is profoundly changing the practice of dentistry. Also it is apparent that great strides will be made in the future based on materials research and discovery. It was Dr. K. L. Mittal, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology (JAST), who suggested to me to compile and guest-edit this Special Issue entitled 'Adhesion Aspects in Dentistry'. In light of the current high tempo of research in the arena of dental sciences, I realized without hesitation that there were immense opportunities that Dr. Mittal had foreseen. After having communicated with the dental research community I was convinced that there was definitely the need for such cross-disciplinary publication and there was much enthusiasm to submit manuscripts to the proposed Special Issue. The interest and enthusiasm shown by our esteemed authors only justify my original thoughts: 19 accepted papers.


High-liquid-limit soils have been used in road pavements in many countries despite the fact that sometimes they do not comply with local specification requirements in order to reduce the economic loss. Through laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical properties as a paving material, of a high-liquid-limit soil from south-east China were studied. The relationship between compaction effort and compaction degree at various water contents was investigated. The influence of water content, compaction degree and swelling potential grade on California bearing ratio (CBR) strength was analysed. It is found that CBR value depends on water content, compaction degree and the structural state after soaking expansion. It is concluded that high-liquid-limit soil can be used as direct filling material by reducing the standard compaction energy and increasing the water content higher than the optimum water content.


The literary biography of Buddha The Story of Buddha by Shi Xingyun conveys fundamental ideas of Buddhism and the author's ideas about Buddhism.The writing intention and strategies are determined by the history of Buddha,Xingyun's time and his ideas on Buddhist reformation.Xingyun's minds present the idea of "humanistic Buddhism",which has been supported by Taixu and Xingyun himself.


Phase-only optical elements can provide a number of important functions for high-contrast imaging. This thesis presents analytical and numerical optical design methods for accomplishing specific tasks, the most significant of which is the precise suppression of light from a distant point source. Instruments designed for this purpose are known as coronagraphs. Here, advanced coronagraph designs are presented that offer improved theoretical performance in comparison to the current state-of-the-art. Applications of these systems include the direct imaging and characterization of exoplanets and circumstellar disks with high sensitivity. Several new coronagraph designs are introduced and, in some cases, experimental support is provided. In addition, two novel high-contrast imaging applications are discussed: the measurement of sub-resolution information using coronagraphic optics and the protection of sensors from laser damage. The former is based on experimental measurements of the sensitivity of a coronagraph to source displacement. The latter discussion presents the current state of ongoing theoretical work. Beyond the mentioned applications, the main outcome of this thesis is a generalized theory for the design of optical systems with one of more phase masks that provide precise control of radiation over a large dynamic range, which is relevant in various high-contrast imaging scenarios. The optimal phase masks depend on the necessary tasks, the maximum number of optics, and application specific performance measures. The challenges and future prospects of this work are discussed in detail.


In this paper, an observer-based nonlinear stabilization control method is presented for the problem of flexible satellite attitude maneuver and vibration suppression. By introducing the auxiliary variables, the attitude mode of flexible satellite is converted into the corresponding nonlinear polynomial state space description. According to the structural features of attitude system, the nonlinear state feedback controller based on the reduced-order observer is obtained by using the Lyapunov theory and polynomial sum of squares (SOS) method. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the attitude control of a flexible satellite and the simulation results show that both the fast rotational maneuver and the vibration suppression are well realized.