The Shallowest Generation - <AUTHOR> http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2008/11/the-shallowest-generation/ <comment><USER2> Interesting article, but the author's selective memory and faulty logic continually undermines the point he's trying to make. My favorite was this gem:

"Past U.S. generations invented the airplane; invented the automobile; discovered penicillin; and built the Interstate highway system. The Baby Boom generation has invented credit default swaps; mortgage backed securities; the fast food drive thru window; discovered the cure for erectile dysfunction; and built bridges to nowhere. No wonder we're in so much trouble.

This completely ignores developments like the personal computer revolution, the Internet, modern telecommunications, satellite technology, space exploration, advances in biotechnology, dramatic reductions in global poverty, etc, etc. I'm sure I'm forgetting some, but you get the idea.

The author would have done well to acknowledge that the reality of the situation is more nuanced than the picture he attempts to paint.

<comment><USER3> Also, half his examples weren't done by any "U.S. generation". The automobile was invented by a German, and Penicillin was discovered by a Scot.

<comment><USER4> The automobile was invented by a German, but it was popularized by Henry Ford. Also, consider that if that German hadn't invented the automobile, Ford still would have. i.e. Ford wasn't inspired by that German, because he was already working on an automobile. His autobiography is very good: <http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/hnfrd10.txt>

<comment><USER5> Lesson for startup founders: your competition built the prototype first. Maybe you should still keep going forward, if you expect to have a solid competitive advantage?

<comment><USER6> Perhaps more succinctly: The second mouse gets the cheese.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> Is it just me, or does the author use a lot of unintentionally funny analogies?

Anyway, I'm going to chip in on the issue of CEO pay. Many, including the author, are outraged that they're paid 500 times the wage of the average worker. But the CEO job is generally given to somebody who

a) has proven himself (5mm <= net worth < 15mm)

b) is willing to work 80 hours per week

c) is willing to pick work over family/friends, no matter the circumstances

The CEO must:

a) focus on quarterlies at the expense of long term vision (maximize shareholder returns per quarter)

b) focus on quarterlies at the expense of employees and the company itself

Aside from perhaps the prestige and power that comes with the job, it's not going to be a lot of fun. So why would somebody who's already rich be willing to do this? Money. And lots of it. Does that make them sellouts? I guess. But if working for 2 more years means the CEO can retire and sustain his current lifestyle for the rest of his life it's probably pretty tempting.

You shouldn't ask yourself - does the guy deserve 500 times the average worker's salary? Ask instead - why did it take 500 times the average worker's salary to convince him to take the job?

I think that the CEO should focus on generating true value, both in the short and long term. And I don't think that's possible when you're only held accountable for short term results. Only CEOs like Steve Jobs can work on their vision, short term results be damned. His annual salary is $1. Why? Probably just to prove his independence.

Everything boils down to incentives. Whether it's CEO pay, greed on wall street or credit cards (ab)use. People do what's in their best interest. Fix the incentives, and the rest should fix itself.

<comment><USER8> _But the CEO job is generally given to somebody who

a) has proven himself (5mm <= net worth < 15mm)

b) is willing to work 80 hours per week

c) is willing to pick work over family/friends, no matter the circumstances_

I'm not convinced that B and C are good things. Sometimes, it's necessary to work 80 hours per week, but doing that for years on end is unhealthy and counterproductive. Most of the long hours in upper-tier corporate result not from any benefit to those extra hours worked, but rather from oneupmanship.

As for C, consider this. In a corporate environment, where one is working to enrich other people, putting work ahead of family and friends is, generally, a very _bad_ decision. After all, the probability of becoming CEO is very small, and a person who laid up 70 hours per week only plateau at the VP level is just a loser who made bad choices and wasted his life. The only difference between the CEO and that moron is that the CEO won the lottery while the also- ran lost.

Following the lottery analogy, you wouldn't take financial advice from a crackhead who bought twenty Powerball tickets every night, and happened to win $200 million. So, do you really think it's a good thing for large companies to be governed by those who wasted their lives in a relatively pointless quest for power?

 _So why would somebody who's already rich be willing to do this? Money._

Status. The status, in this case, comes from the money.

 _Ask instead - why did it take 500 times the average worker's salary to convince him to take the job?_

It doesn't. People would gladly take the job for 10x. If you haven't figured it out, corporate compensation is the result of a fellatio daisy chain. The board is staffed by executives of other companies, who allow the CEO to raise his pay, because he is on their boards and will vote in their favor if they do so for him.

<comment><AUTHOR> "fellatio daisy chain"

If I could up-vote you more I would.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> Interesting Graph:

CEOs' average pay, production workers' average pay, the S&P 500 Index, corporate profits, and the Federal minimum wage, 1990-2005 (adjusted for inflation)

[http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/wp- content/uploads/2008/11/ceo-...](http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/wp- content/uploads/2008/11/ceo-pay.png)

</comment><comment><USER9> He clearly states his bias: "Our Government bureaucracy, which contributes nothing to the advancement of our society, now is a larger portion of GDP than manufacturing."

Somehow I don't think our past experience with trying to get roads, power, plumbing, and the Internet into rural areas agrees with statement.

<comment><USER10> > Somehow I don't think our past experience with trying to get roads, power, > plumbing, and the Internet into rural areas agrees with statement.

"trying" is the important word. And, the federal govt didn't have much involvement in most of those things.

And, even if it did, do you really think that they explain or justify 30+% of GDP?

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> ...so far. Wait till everything is run by the generation that grew up on Ritalin and gaming.

</comment><comment><USER12> <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=160218> <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=340482>

I'm going to do this every time one of these absurd stories is posted.

</comment><comment><USER8> The problem's not that they're a shallow generation. Actually, I think the Baby Boomers were a very idealistic generation, and this (paradoxically) has led to the corrupt leadership. The civil rights activists, hippies, and leftists (with a few exceptions) didn't swing around to become the yuppies, sellouts, and corrupt political figures. Different people did.

My father's pretty similar to me in worldview, ethics, and politics. When he was growing up, he couldn't have even imagined working at a hedge fund; the concept of working for money was considered crass, if not repulsive. (He was actually quite incensed when I first said I was interested in trying out trading.) In 2007, it was perfectly normal for a liberal, idealistic young person to go and work for an investment bank or hedge fund, because that was seen as the best way to establish oneself and go far later (e.g. Jeff Bezos worked at Shaw before founding Amazon).

I would note that the problem with the Baby Boom generation isn't that they're "selfish". My parents aren't bad people. Nor were most of my teachers; they were great. On the whole, the Boomers aren't worse than the rest of us. The difference between them and us is that the better half of them almost entirely eschewed the career paths that led to power-- finance and corporate leadership-- leaving the shameless and greedy bastards to take control.

<comment><USER13> I think this is orthodox Neoconism. The baby boomers were hippies who did drugs, attacked the Vietnam war, questioned authority, promoted "free love", and so on. Most importantly, their independence of thought is what makes them "selfish."

Contrasting them with the "Greatest Generation," whose lives were basically dictated to them when WW2 started, and supported the House Committee on UnAmerican Activities. Can we call them the "Pleasantville Generation?" instead.

<comment><USER10> < The baby boomers were hippies who did drugs, attacked the Vietnam war, questioned authority, promoted "free love",

How'd that work out?

> Contrasting them with the "Greatest Generation," whose lives were basically > dictated to them when WW2 started, and supported the House Committee on > UnAmerican Activities.

And the Soviets later revealed that there were Communists in the US govt and that they were trying to "influence" Hollywood.

> Can we call them the "Pleasantville Generation?" instead.

Whenever it comes down to "squares" vs "cool", you can be pretty sure that the "cool" will screw things up more.

In other news, truth is not beauty and you have to be pretty stoned to think otherwise.

<comment><USER13> I think it's fairly well documented that in amongst the hippies doing drugs were some key people involved in the creation of the computer, software, networking and internet industries.

<comment><USER10> [http://www.amazon.com/Where-Wizards-Stay-Up- Late/dp/06848326...](http://www.amazon.com/Where-Wizards-Stay-Up- Late/dp/0684832674)

Also, long hair and drugs doesn't make you "cool". (If it did, meth heads would be cool.)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> 'The Baby Boom Generation will never be mistaken for the Greatest Generation that survived the Great Depression and defeated evil in a World War that killed 72 million people', is one of the greatest opening sentences I have ever read.

Almost as good as 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way'</comment>


WebReplay – Time Travel Debugging for Firefox - <AUTHOR> https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/WebReplay <comment><USER2> Here are some docs on how to try it in nightly.

[https://gist.github.com/jasonLaster/1e220992c294a571dd9b59ab...](https://gist.github.com/jasonLaster/1e220992c294a571dd9b59abd084ccf2)

<comment><USER3> I feel like I should point out this 20+kLOC project is the work of just one engineer (Brian Hackett), although of course several people helped with reviews and feedback. It's very impressive and inspiring work. Major props!

<comment><USER4> When I was interning at Mozilla, we had a joke about tracing back the history of pieces of code via recursive `blame` (to get more context on them), and how so many roads in the JS engine led back to a bhackett commit.

<comment><USER2> That's amazing!

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> More importantly than replay, I'd say is snapshotting. At a high level, if extension writers et al are given an API to snapshot a page at this level there are many neat things that can be done. One of the biggest is pausing. While some websites will detect long pauses as out of sync most might not see it as any different than a network hiccup, but in general I would like to "pause" any tab not in active focus (maybe except a whitelist like my email). All of the suspension tools in browsers that I'm aware of just store the URL and kill the page, just to reload from that URL in "restore".

I can think of about a dozen other use cases for browser-tab serialization (i.e. snapshotting), esp wrt distribution, remote use, caching, render-and- stop read-only pages, etc.

<comment><USER6> The Jason Laster gist implies it should cover this out-of-the-box: you can rewind to when logs were emitted.

(or if it doesn't offer an easy way to do that: I assume a conditional breakpoint with that log message -> rewind until it is triggered will cover the same feature (and far more))

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> Is this based on Brian Burg's work? His dissertation work was Timelapse [1] which looks like it was pushed to Webkit [2] for Safari.

[1] [https://github.com/burg/timelapse/](https://github.com/burg/timelapse/)

[2] [https://github.com/burg/replay-staging](https://github.com/burg/replay- staging)

<comment><USER8> The section "Comparison with other projects" in the linked article has a comparison to other replay efforts, including what was done for WebKit. I think WebReplay is lower level than the WebKit work, but higher level than rr, which gives you various tradeoffs.

</comment></comment><comment><USER9> > Currently only macOS is supported.

Does anyone know why this is or how to get this working on Linux?

<comment><USER10> Probably because the work hasn't been done yet. It's a very small team.

<comment><USER2> Yep. It's on the roadmap, but the recording is done at the OS level, so Windows and Linux will require some work to get support.</comment></comment></comment>


Microsoft Targets New Demographic (2014) - <AUTHOR> http://www.internetexplorertan.com/home/

<comment><AUTHOR> For full effect, try it both in IE and in something else.</comment>


Top Cybersecurity and DevOps Trends for 2020 - <AUTHOR> https://insights.dice.com/2019/12/09/5-top-cybersecurity-devops-trends-2020/ <comment><USER2> Listicles don't belong on HN, please.

</comment><comment><USER3> where on earth does he get the figure that there are only 101k (32% growth = 35500 new jobs) cybersecurity jobs? in US federal space if you want any upward mobility you need to know as much if not more than your CISSO about infosec and hold certs or degrees. Red team Blue team type jobs may be few and far between but the tenets of the field are going being upstreamed to all operations, development and even management jobs in all technology fields. I know electrical engineers working on ancient serial networks that are pen- testing and hardening industrial control and defense systems.

</comment><comment><USER4> > Ignore the campaign rhetoric, but stay for any lessons imparted by some of > the best hackers in the world. A lot can be learned from them; politicians, > not so much.

Sad but true...</comment>


Show HN: Tweetname - Register domain names using Twitter - <AUTHOR> http://tweetname.com

<comment><USER2> I think you've done a really cool thing here, but honestly it feels a bit gimmicky. I have maybe 25 domains, so not a huge player, but I can't imagine that saving the 2 minutes it takes me to register a domain would do anything for me. Maybe a browser extension or something, but the twitter aspect just makes me ask "why".

Not trying to take away from your design (very nice) or execution (congrats)... just skeptical if its really solving a "problem"

[don't take this as negative... maybe thinking about it would give you another feature or something :-) ]

</comment><comment><USER3> Maybe it's just me but I wasn't aware about Twitter's direct message feature so to me this seemed like I would shout out which domains I was about to register. But then again I don't use Twitter that much.

<comment><AUTHOR> Update: I just added the word "private" twice in the "How It Works" section.

Hopefully this is a good enough explanation for now. Though it still doesn't explain the intricacies of Twitter for the non-Twitter-user. Perhaps I should add a "more info" or FAQ. Thanks again.

<comment><USER4> Don't worry about it, if a user doesn't know what Tweets or direct messages are then the service isn't for them. You'll struggle to get people to start using Twitter just to register domains when there's plenty of good registrars already, most people will have their favourite they use regularly.

I see this more as a service for power Twitter users so they can easily register new domains after having a drunken idea.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> I submitted this yesterday but the dns was still propagating & it was down for many. Hope that's okay.

</comment><comment><USER5> Did you not launch this last year, i'm sure I have seen it before

<comment><AUTHOR> Yes and no. I launched it many years ago, before Twitter went oAuth-only. User login was always oAuth, but the process that sent tweets like "success!" were not. So some of the site was broken, and the design sucked. I fixed those things, and added a bunch of other things this week.

So I guess you could say it's v2.0.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> This is very interesting, if only for the concept of using twitter as an interface for other services. Good show, man.

</comment><comment><USER7> Seen this for a while the new updates look clean and awesome. Good work Pud. Big inspiration.</comment>


Ask HN: Who has done year of hustle roadmap - <AUTHOR> Just wondering if anyone has done the Amy Hoy year of hustle free course. I am doing it while waiting for the paid course to open up. I'm stuck so would be nice to talk to other people who have completed it for some tips. <comment><USER2> I've found a lot of the advice useful, but it's important to remember the the year of hustle is also an extended sales pitch for the 30x500 course.

And that is absolutely, totally fine. 30x500 has worked successfully for lots of people. And it's definitely one way to build an audience and sell a product.

Just remember that it's not the only way. The material put out by 30x500 students is good, but the way they go about selling it seems to follow a formula that really turns me away. There are a few instances where I would've purchased someone's e-book, but the almost-but-not-quite-useful e-bombs and the smarmy long form sales copy turned made me decide against purchasing. This isn't meant as a scathing indictment of 30x500; just as a note that no marketing method will endear you to every potential customer.

So as you get the year of hustle e-mails, keep in mind that a lot of the lessons are the same ones you'll learn in a college Marketing 101 course. I finished a business degree before I came to my senses and became a developer, and the one thing I remember most strongly from the marketing courses I took is that market research might just be the most important part of marketing, because you do it _before_ you start working on your product to determine whether the product is viable (or you do it to survey the market to find ideas for viable products).

To sum it up: I think Year of Hustle provides valuable advice, but you might find it useful to pick up a used marketing textbook as well. The bits of advice in YoH are specific instances of more general concepts. As you read through YoH, try to identify the general concepts it is applying. You might just come up with some creative marketing that hits your target market more effectively than the specific advice in YoH.

I realize that marketing is a huge topic, though. It might be easier to try to just apply the advice in YoH before trying to generalize it. And that's a completely valid approach. Just keep in mind that it attracts some members of your target market while potentially alienating others. But the same is probably true for any marketing technique you choose.

Best of luck in your marketing and product endeavours! :)

<comment><AUTHOR> This is a brilliant, detailed and encouraging answer.

I'm not from a business background but have done some online sales stuff before.

I am finding the most value is in the general concept of spending a decent amount of time identifying problems and getting to know your customer.

Even though I am a developer for example there was a question about losing patches. So what that's code not in source control?! To me this is unfathomable! But that _might_ be a common problem out there. Something I'd never have guessed from introspection.

So I'm going to generally flow the course but add my own flair to it. I'll probably do some phone calls for a deeper dive rather than just relying on forums for example.

Thanks again.

</comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> First question is for part 3 of plan i.e. "data" do you try to find an audience first to get this data or is it just out of your own head.

</comment><comment><USER3> I just signed up a few weeks back, I just got email 6.

I am interested in it mainly to pick up tips and tricks

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks. Are you following the plan at all?</comment></comment>


Augur protocol leads to Ethereum-based 'assassination market' - <AUTHOR> https://bitnewsbot.com/augur-protocol-leads-to-ethereum-based-assassination-market/ <comment><USER2> This is not an assassination market, it's a prediction market, but it can well work as an assassination market. If an universally reviled person has an 1:2 bet against him, this would not incentivize killers to take the huge risks of an assassination only to double their money.

Instead, they would be incentivized to kill other persons for whom players are betting they will live. On the other hand, players know that, so they will never bet against an assassination, except in the case they really do want to lose, thus transferring their loses as payment to the assassin.

</comment><comment><USER3> When you have to put "assassination market" in quotes because you know that's not what it is. By pure coincidence the journalist finds a "new market" where a whole _single person_ is betting on whether DJT will survive 2018. Truely groundbreaking, shocking.

Besides being absolutely nothing new; The realer versions of this have existed on the deep web for over 5 years where people could bet with BTC (assmkedzgorodn7o).

<comment><USER4> So because that's not strictly what it's called, it can't be used for that. You can't be that naive.

<comment><USER5> What your parent is trying to say is that this is not yet a real problem. It is a "market" of one person.

Maybe Augur could potentially be used this way. It is not currently being used this way. This article is trying very hard to rile you up about these dangerous assassination markets but is pretty dishonest about the fact that it's talking about a possibility, not a reality.

It's also not like Augur has suddenly made assassination markets possible, they already exist and the world has failed to come to an end because of it.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> If you're not just trying to cause outrage, you use more neutral language like "die" instead of "be killed" in your definition of the market. And really, for a functioning market you need a number of bettors who aren't actively involved in assassinating or preventing assassinations.

</comment><comment><USER7> I heard that there's a feature which allows you to flag a prediction on Augur as "unethical"?

</comment><comment><USER8> Given that tontines are illegal in the US and much of the world, this seems risky even if you're able to ignore any moral dimension.

</comment><comment><USER9> Its not Jim Bell's Assassination Politics but we're getting there.

</comment><comment><USER10> More proof that crypto is bad

</comment><comment><USER11> I fail to see the problem of having working markets.

If anything, it is helpful for the target: they can know when to invest money to protect themselves, and collect on the failing prediction.

<comment> ur-whale Not to mention the fact that collecting on an assassination "bet" is likely a prosecutable offense in most places.

</comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> I'll assume this is flagged because it's not favorable to broadcast this feature to the public, and "investors" aka HODLers here at Hackernews would want to hide this event.</comment>


Donald Knuth's CV [pdf] - <AUTHOR> http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~uno/vita.pdf

<comment><USER2> Interesting to see that he's the professor of The Art of Computer Programming.</comment>


The smallest transistor reported to date - <AUTHOR> http://sciencebulletin.org/archives/6094.html <comment><USER2> If an atom is .1 - .5nm. That means the transistor wires are about 2-10 atoms thick. About what Richard Feynman predicted in his "plenty of room at the bottom". This is Amazing.

Is it possible to have a cube of 1nm transistors. Like a 100 million ^ 3. The cube would have size of 10cm w.d.h.

<comment><USER3> > Is it possible to have a cube of 1nm transistors. Like a 100 million ^ 3. > The cube would have size of 10cm w.d.h.

Probably, but I suspect operating it would cause it to melt or explode :-) We could probably manufacturer 3D chips today (or more 3D than they are today), but from what I understand cooling them starts to become a major issue. (Not involved in chip design or manufacturing)

<comment><USER4> A total newb/layman question incoming; what exactly is the process that generates heat in CPUs?

Are there any known/theoretical ways in which information be transmitted and processed at the atomic/subatomic/quantum level without generating any heat?

<comment><USER5> a) Resistance. Every switching action is effectively charging a small capacitor (the transistor gate) through a wire. The wire has nonzero resistance. It will also usually be travelling through the gate of one or more transistors, which have a nonzero resistance ('Rdson').

b) _Theoretically_ , all computing that 'destroys' information (overwriting one register value with another) costs entropy, although we're nowhere near that level at the moment - orders of magnitude away.

'Reversible' computing would theoretically not incur that cost.

<comment><USER6> It's been a while since I studied or worked with these things, but I think your explanation is wrong. A transistor (BJT or FET, doesn't matter) dissipates very little in either cut-off region or saturation region (Rdson -- in FETs). It's in the active region that the transistor drops the most voltage across itself and has a fair amount of current flowing through it. I don't feel like doing the math right now, so I'll just cite something[1]. Anyway, when you're switching transistor from one state to the other, it invariably spends a little bit of time going through the active region. This is where it heats up the most. In the saturation stage, most of the voltage drop is across pull-up or pull-down resistors, so the V drop across the transistor is quite small. The higher the frequency, the more time the transistor spends in the active region, switching between states. This is why a given processor runs hotter a higher frequency.

But like I said, it's been a while since I worked in this field, so if someone knows better please correct me.

[1] [http://www.satcure-focus.com/tutor/page4.htm](http://www.satcure- focus.com/tutor/page4.htm)

<comment><USER5> I prefer "oversimplified" :)

You're correct that there is more dissipation in the active region, but the Rdson is not negligable because the transistors are so small and the gate voltages so low (1.8V or less).

Switching does dissipate power based on switching speed. For "big" macroscopic FETs driving motors you have a separate gate driver amplifier to handle this. Within a chip, there's a tradeoff because driving a particular gate fast requires a bigger transistor to do the driving, which in turn requires a bigger transistor to drive it - so if you're not careful you spend a lot of area.

Transistor sizes are individually tuned during the design process (usually 99% algorithmically, 1% human intervention). There's a whole bunch of tunable design parameters.

I didn't discuss "leakage" either, so here's Intel on "high k metal gate" technology: [http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/advancedtech/doodle/ref_...](http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/advancedtech/doodle/ref_HiK- MG/high-k.htm?&wapkw=\(32nm\))

(Basically, for big FETs we pretend that the resistance between gate and drain-source channel is infinite. For tiny ones it's surprisingly small and electrons can simply tunnel through your "insulator").

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment> Altay- Perhaps I'm guilty of falling for marketing definitions, but aren't we already down to 14nm rather than the 20nm the article suggests in the opening paragraph?

>They knew that the laws of physics had set a 5-nanometer threshold on the size of transistor gates among conventional semiconductors, about one-quarter the size of high-end 20-nanometer-gate transistors now on the market.

<comment><USER7> I think 14nm is the current smallest feature size in modern cpus. Like a resolution. A transistor is made up of multiple features.

<comment><USER8> This is correct. And many foundries will be manufacturing 7nm transistors in 2017-2018. So it seems like this article is a bit incorrect.

<comment><USER9> When they say that they are manufacturing a 7nm transistor it means the smallest feature is 7nm across. The gate size isn't always the smallest feature of a transistor; it typically is, but not always. And sometimes the larger features can be 4 to 5 times bigger, i.e a drain can be 40~50nm across because it connects to multiple other transistors or is part of a compound transistor. Transistors are inherently analog devices and so feature layout isn't as simple as "I need an XOR gate in this part of the circuit".

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> Paper at [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6308/99](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6308/99) DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4698

<comment><USER11> It's paywalled, even though this was work done at a U.S. Government laboratory with tax funding. DOE has a 12 month "embargo" before the paper goes on line for free. There's a previous paper on line, though, which describes the process by which they get a stable one atom thick layer of molybdenum disulphide on a silicon substrate.[1] Another paper covers how they got a semiconductor junction made of molybdenum disulphide.[2] They've clearly been plugging away at this exotic area of semiconductor device physics for a while.

[1] [http://www.osti.gov/pages/servlets/purl/1259305](http://www.osti.gov/pages/servlets/purl/1259305) [2] [http://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1256052-mos2-heterojunction...](http://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1256052-mos2-heterojunctions- thickness-modulation)

<comment><USER12> Appreciating all that, SciHub should provide access.

[http://sci-hub.bz](http://sci-hub.bz)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> _> Because electrons flowing through MoS2 are heavier_

Really?

<comment><USER8> What they mean is that they have less energy and thus less likely to tunnel between source and drain.

<comment><USER14> Not quite. They mean they have a higher effective mass, which is a solid-state physics quantity describing quasi-particles such as electrons and holes in a crystal. You are correct that high effective mass particles do not quantum tunnel as easily, though.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Maybe the headline should be smallest transistor with manufacturing potential. See [https://www.wired.com/2009/12/functional-molecular- transisto...](https://www.wired.com/2009/12/functional-molecular-transistor/) and [http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news- releases/2015/researchers...](http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news- releases/2015/researchers-build-a-transistor-from-a-molecule-and-a-few-atoms)

</comment><comment><USER16> Anyone with access to the full text know if they are reporting results on only one transistor or if they were able to fabricate and test several transistors?

</comment><comment><USER17> With transistors getting smaller and smaller, do we better methods to dissipate heat? It seems like this is a major bottleneck.

<comment><USER18> Smaller transistors are able to operate at lower voltages which is typically why the TDP in watts have been dropping or remaining the same with more compute.

I think manufacturing is the big question mark. One is good as a proof of concept, but if you can't cram billions on a die then they can't compete. Hopefully they can work out manufacturing.

<comment><USER19> Producing the gates should be quite easy. The trouble is manufacturing and embedding the nanotube wires.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> I thought I remembered something about circuits of this size being infeasible due to electrons hopping around?

<comment><USER21> That's specific to a material. The most commonly talked limits are even specific for MOS-FETs with a few specific insulators.

For alternative materials or designs, things change. Those people choose a material for exactly this property, it has a bigger resistance, but leaks less electrons.

There are also designs of transistors that switch on leaking current, never becoming a classical conductor. Those have negligible leaking when off.</comment></comment>


Experimental Slack-to-Keybase team importer - <AUTHOR> https://keybase.io/slack-importer <comment><USER2> I am getting so confused by keybase.

Initially, it was a way to maintain your identity online. Which I really liked. Finally a way to get to people's keys without GPG keyservers.

Then the Mac app placed itself in the menu bar, loaded a "helper", installed a ton of crap, asked for my private keys, and I was no longer sure what it's really doing.

Then Keybase started morphing into… well, I'm not really clear what it's becoming these days.

<comment><USER3> Keybase is where you gossip, because you can't trust Slack.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> There are also Slack-to-Matrix importers over at [https://github.com/lampholder/concorde](https://github.com/lampholder/concorde) and [https://github.com/Cadair/skill- matrixslack](https://github.com/Cadair/skill-matrixslack) if anyone's interested :) We're also working on a next-generation 'official' one for [https://modular.im/tools/account-migration](https://modular.im/tools/account- migration).

</comment><comment><USER5> We've moved over to Keybase from Slack last year.

1) Works surprisingly well

2) Search was previously an issue but now fixed

3) Having a shared drive is great

4) Not having a spell check or giphy integration is awful. I get why because the non-local ones leak data. But it's still terrible.

Will stick with Keybase.

<comment><USER6> There is giphy integration, and how it works is described here. [https://keybase.io/docs/chat/linkpreviews](https://keybase.io/docs/chat/linkpreviews) . Similarly we'll be launching a location-sharing (including realtime) feature soon, working on a similar model.

Ah spell-check in the desktop app. We explored one library and weren't happy. We're visiting option soon, but yeah, privacy is critical.

<comment><USER5> Wonderful. Giphy integration works now. Thanks for the tip on link previews! The TCP tunnel to Keybase.com for giphy requests specifically is so delightful.

NB for others: may leak metadata so use with that in mind. One can also just whitelist the giphy domain only.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> This looks interesting but how are they going to make money if it is free? I looked for an option to pay but couldn't find it.

Perhaps I'm jaded but I intensely distrust any service that is free (as in free beer), because it's raison d'être is unclear and unpredictable.

E.g. I liked WhatsApp while you could use it for free and see ads, or you could pay a fee and avoid the ads. It's clear. You could opt to pay for a product or be the product and get a service in return.

Here it's not immediately clear.

<comment><USER8> So you don't use open source

<comment><USER7> I do, and I'm happy to pay for consulting services or new features. I'm talking about incentives not the validity of business models. This idea is very interesting, but without a business model I'm hesitant to add them as a dependency, that's all.

<comment><USER8> You've boxed this off in some artificial way, IMO.

Open source coders provide software development and support services for free. They're not providing a physical product.

I feel like you're stuck on some ephemeral concept around what a service is.

Human beings provide a services for a variety of prices. A business provides a profit generating pipeline.

And we all see how those can vanish over night. Or just decide to kill things _coughgooglecough_

Seems like a contrived line in the sand, IMO

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Bug: this link opens in the Keybase app if I click it on my iPhone, but the app just shows its main screen.

</comment><comment><USER10> Tried migration to Keybaese. Lack of integrations killed it. A Zapier integration would have solved it for me.

</comment><comment><USER11> Is keybase still banning people that are into porn / adult industry stuff, or is this thing separate from the keybase thing where that was / is an issue?

<comment><USER12> I googled but could not find anything related to keybase banning accounts. Where do you have that information from?

<comment><USER11> from here(ish) - [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19668967](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19668967)

<comment><USER13> This is such FUD, nowhere in your link does it say users were banned, it had to do with them not supporting Mastodon instances that are sex- work/pornography oriented as a source of trust in Keybase.

<comment><USER11> I am sorry if you find it FUD - I do not mean to create any of that. I am asking for clarification from those in the know. I myself do not know. As I mentioned in the original comment / question - it may have something to do with a part of keybase that is not a part of what the original article is about, I don't really understand it.

From where I sit, in my place of knowing very little, I am confused. Some of the keybase things I have read about make it sound like it's almost a perfect fit for so many things I want in the world, then I hear that their chat thing is really great, but has a couple small issues that make is unusable for what I am looking for. I find their identity thing is really awesome, but more centralized and perhaps will at time censor people, and I can't use it. I am confused, and perhaps the brand is tainted from my skewed understanding of the issues, which is why I ask a question, not made some know-it-all statement about how it whatever.

I have not used it. the things I've seen make me think there is really great people making really powerful and great things there, unfortunately some of the businesses I work with could get me removed from their system perhaps, so I am not spending any time trying it out. I have been down that road with google, with vimeo ([https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20302923](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20302923) ), facebook, and with so many other things.

Basically I look for things that would not, and preferable could not, ban Larry Flint. If they will ban Larry's posts then I don't need to waste time with it. So far that leaves very few services to actually spend time with.

Again, this is not an attempt to spread and fear or uncertainty or doubt, I would guess that 99% of people will never get banned from keybase (I don't know really, I don't use it, or know if they delete spammers, or alt-right- wrong or whatever either)

Now I'm more confused as your answer mentions they are not supporting Mastadon servers that don't censor porn, hookers, and strippers - so 'not supporting' maybe that's what I should of been asking about, I guess that means they are not banning users, just making it so their user's services can not connect? I don't know, at this point it's already used up so much of my time, I am sorry I asked, not trying to fud anyone else on top of my not understanding.

*edited to add link to vimeo ban explanation, which relates to my questioning, but not directly to keybase.

<comment><USER13> > Now I'm more confused as your answer mentions they are not supporting > Mastadon servers that don't censor porn, hookers, and strippers - so 'not > supporting' maybe that's what I should of been asking about, I guess that > means they are not banning users, just making it so their user's services > can not connect?

Keybase has this concept of Identity Proofs. You put a special signature on a page in a specific way that Keybase has vetted. For example, I can put a signature on my HN about page (which I have), give Keybase my username and they can prove that the HN user is me which proves to other Keybase users that I am real (i.e., not a bot nor a fake profile created for trolling/nefarious purposes). On it's own, my HN proof isn't very strong but coupled with other services and I now have a complex profile of proofs that spreads the social vetting across multiple companies/organizations.

Mastodon is a social messaging platform like twitter mixed with custom message boards of the 90s/00s. The key bit from the latter is that each "instance" is run by anyone on their own hardware with their own level of security determined by whomever administrates the server. Keybase (according to the comments linked above) decided that they would only be setting up this Identity Proofing with the most general instances and not with more specialized topic instances (particularly sex work or porn) because (these are my assumptions wrt their reasoning) there is a time cost to setting this stuff up but also to not align themselves with instances that may be taboo to some of their userbase (read: potential paying clients).

To get to the point: Keybase does not have read access to your content (they use E2E encryption), but they do make certain decisions about how their tools integrate with the outside world. I don't know their politics but I would guess that since they are working towards finding clients to setup custom instances of their model (to start making money), they are just trying to avoid misaligning themselves.

<comment><USER11> Thank you for explaining this to me. I have read so many great things about keybase, I can tell the people behind it are smart and trying to do more for the world than some 'give me money and data' tech place. Each product / service I have seen mentioned around HN for years seems to be so much of what I have been looking for - but almost / not quite - however I have seen how they would be great for so many others that do not have the censorship issues that I run into.

I wish I could clone the keybase and keybase chat thing and run it federated / uncensored with opt-in group follow moderation. So far it looks like Matrix and Mastadon maybe ipfs / peertube kind of stuff will be the closest things for what I could use comfortably given the increasing censorship and need for mainstream monetization of most projects.

Thanks again for explaining, I was indeed getting confused about the services around them and now I understand a bit better how the pieces fit.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Bodybuilding supplement promotes healthy aging and extends life span in mice - <AUTHOR> https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/09/bodybuilding-supplement-promotes-healthy-aging-and-extends-life-span-least-mice <comment><USER2> Uh oh, mice in labs are not like humans in this regard at all.

Lab Mice have extraordinary cell repair capabilities. My guess is that the AKG slows down cell division.

This podcast delves into the problem with lab mice and explains the trade offs that happen on an evolutionary and cellular level in mice with regards to longevity.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLb5hZLw44s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLb5hZLw44s)

<comment><USER3> As a rule, all anti-aging studies and experiments lose effectiveness as the size and the natural life span of the animal used increases.

It's relatively easy to dramatically increase the natural lifespan of C. elegans with gene editing, drugs or even caffeine. Mice lifespan is little harder but doable. Anything that extends healthy human lifespan more than 5% is not in the radar.

<comment><USER4> My cursory understanding is that actuarial senescence (the increase in mortality rates for older populations) is not the primary driver of life span in most mammals.[1] Particularly small mammals, like lab rats. Whereas for first-world humans, it's the primary driver.

Actuarial senescence makes it devilishly difficult to achieve significant life expectancy gains. Because mortality rates increase with age, life expectancy gains only scale O(sqrt(N)) with mortality reductions. Paradoxically a 40% reduction in all-cause mortality across all ages only adds 5 years of life expectancy.[2]

The problem with life extension studies is small animals is that we may be measuring the wrong thing. A true breakthrough in human life spans will require slowing the rate of actuarial senescence. A wonder drug that only targets base rate mortality might double the mouse life span, but only add a few years to human life.

[1] [https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/jou...](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000432) [2] [https://joshmitteldorf.scienceblog.com/2012/11/10/mortality-...](https://joshmitteldorf.scienceblog.com/2012/11/10/mortality- and-life-expectancy/)

<comment><USER5> But just increasing health span would still be a huge win for humans.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> The paper _Alpha-Ketoglutarate, an Endogenous Metabolite, Extends Lifespan and Compresses Morbidity in Aging Mice_ [1]:

> We find that CaAKG promotes a longer, healthier life associated with a > decrease in levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines.

Judging from the image of black mice in the article, the C57BL/6 strain of lab mice [2] are used in the study. This strain has long telomeres which should be taken into consideration with all the other caveats associated with longevity studies in mouse models.

If you are an optimist, then the hypothesis that AKG [3] supplementation safely reduces age related systemic inflammation is a positive outcome.

[1] [https://www.cell.com/cell- metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)...](https://www.cell.com/cell- metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131\(20\)30417-4)

[2] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C57BL/6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C57BL/6)

[3] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha- Ketoglutaric_acid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Ketoglutaric_acid)

</comment><comment><USER7> This is great news if you're lab mice!

[https://twitter.com/justsaysinmice?lang=en](https://twitter.com/justsaysinmice?lang=en)

This is a parody twitter account that reminds us that all these new health breakthroughs are, indeed, applicable to mice only.

It's a horribly narrow funnel that filters these to what is applicable to humans, outside a lab.

</comment><comment><USER8> Alpha-ketoglutarate for those who don't want to read the article.

Here's the Wikipedia page: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha- Ketoglutaric_acid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Ketoglutaric_acid) I don't expect it to be terribly helpful though, it's a bit dense to the layperson.

<comment><USER9> It's a metabolic intermediate of the citric acid cycle - the cycle is needed to reduce electron carriers (NAD+/FAD) which are then used to drive the electron transport chain for making ATP. In simplest terms: it's an important part of aerobic respiration.

That being said, it can be synthesized de novo very easily so long as your cells have enough glucose/fatty acids and enzymes are functioning properly. It's even formed directly by deamination of glutamate. I'm not sure these results would be very transferrable to humans.

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> Tim Ferriss had this amazing comment once in one of his books that if you want to know what the future of human health is in 5 years, look to what bodybuilders are doing today, and if you want to look at the future of human health 10-15 years out, look to what race horse breeders are doing. Something to that effect. ;-)

<comment><USER11> Really? I don't think either are known for their long lives.

<comment><USER12> It's a grim looking future...

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> Why do we need to mouse experiments when a large number of bodybuilders have moved straight to human trails?

<comment> globular-toast The drugs bodybuilders and other athletes take are often illegal and they are highly secretive about it. It's a big problem when trying to do any kind of science on these drugs.

<comment><USER14> Not sure why you're getting down voted, you're definitely right. Bodybuilders are often taking steroids, and the more serious ones are taking HGH and insulin (not illegal, but not a standard supplement either). From the article linked below "we estimated that among Americans currently age 13 to 50 years, 2.9–4.0 million have used AAS (anabolic androgenic steriods)." They are secretive about it with most not wanting to bust that "I'm natural" myth about them. Instagram guys are notorious for that. Watch a YouTube video by Seth Feroce, a body builder who is very open about his steroid use, and you'll see just how many illegal drugs these guys use.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3961570/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3961570/)

<comment> globular-toast A lot of people don't want it to be true and this is a standard reaction to that. The truth is performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in general are a dirty little secret that are used widely in some of the top echelons of society. Top sportsmen, movie stars, bodybuilders, models, you name it, they're all on PEDs to some extent.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Ketones kick in a no-carb diet/fasting: so this can be connected to the knowledge that calorie restriction extends lifespan: both this supplement and calorie restrictions have ketone production/supplementation in common, so perhaps life "extension" has ketons at its root.

<comment><USER16> The human body can actually consume a fair number of carbs and still be in ketosis. I think of the big marketing problems that ketogenic diets have is the perception that it's "no carb" which makes it almost impossible in modern life (oh no, I have a work lunch and everything has some small amount of carbs).

<comment><USER17> Was there any reason that keto diets became popular? In my personal experience a diet high in proteins with overall calorific deficit works the best. Carbs seem to keep me more energetic, workouts are better and I have much more options on what I can eat.

I have seen it being quoted that Keto's effectiveness has been proved but is it any better than a balanced high protein diet.

<comment><USER18> Keto, in any of its multiple incarnations, works. That's why it became popular. I just lost 20 kg if you like anecdotes. I first heard about it in the 70's when it became popular in Spain. That time it was called Atkins.

It has always been controversial and there has been a lot of disinformation about it. If you want to see an example look in Wikipedia the difference in tone between articles about Atkins or ketogenic diets and ketosis itself. While ketosis seems like a regular metabolic process as any other, anything about the diets is pictured as controversial and pseudoscientific, even if it's just based on ketosis.

I just stopped caring. The diet itself is much easier to follow now than it seems. There are tons of information in the web, a lot of products and carbs tables. In particular, what I do now different is using a lot more of vegetal food: avocados, broccoli, salads and less protein, but still some unprocessed beef, poultry or fish every day. Erytritol is nicer to my guts than other sweeteners, too. Oh, and don't forget vitamins supplements, specially B1 to accelerate metabolism, but the more complete the better.

I exercise regularly with no problems, gaining some muscle at the same time that I lost fat. And my last blood analysis gave some superb numbers.

Edit: protein shakes that I bought for the gym are also a nice trick.

<comment><USER19> Keto "works" (which I assume you mean for weight loss) because it helps people get into a caloric deficit easier. High fat and moderate protein is highly satiating and helps people to eat fewer calories without needing to track calories closely. Of course, it's also possible to gain weight if you eat at caloric surplus in Keto.

Also, since carbs are virtually eliminated, most of the weight loss in the beginning is water and glycogen.

Gaining muscle while losing fat is possible in a regular diet. That's called newbie gains. And since you lost weight, your blood numbers improved.

Since keto works for you, it's great. But I wanted to clarify that your result is not specially because of the keto diet. It can be achieved with just about any diet.

<comment><USER18> So you think that ketosis doesn't exist and that I've lost 20 kg of water and glycogen?

Or are you trying to make a point out of things you didn't say?

<comment><USER19> Ketosis exists. You didn't just lose 20kg of water and glycogen. In the beginning you probably did though.

My point is that everything you did is possible with a regular diet. You can lose weight, improve blood numbers, gain muscle/lose fat at same time, etc. with a regular diet.

<comment><USER20> > My point is that everything you did is possible with a regular diet. You can > lose weight, improve blood numbers, gain muscle/lose fat at same time, etc. > with a regular diet.

True, but keto (or at least "low carb") makes it much, much easier to manage your hunger/appetite/satiety signals.

You'd really have to go to a lot of effort to overeat on meat and vegetables.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> This is a really interesting article.

Does anyone with a medical background have an opinion on how we should balance this against studies[1] that indicate reducing the bodies natural production of alpha ketoglutarate may reduce the likelihood of in operable brain tumours?

It's not like I would rush out and act on either report because as a layman I can't really assess the findings.

1\. [https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/drugs- against-...](https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/drugs-against- alpha-ketoglutarate-may-combat-deadly-childhood-brain-tumor)

</comment><comment><USER5> So why is this a body building supplement?

<comment><USER22> L-Arginine Alpha Ketoglutarate (AAKG) is advertised as a Nitric Oxide increasing agent to improve results of exercise on muscles, improve protein synthesis generally, and growth hormone secretion. All of these assertions are rather vague and have at best limited scientific support, but it is considered a diet supplement and is known to be safe even at high doses so there is little regulation that applies.

</comment></comment><comment><USER23> Sample Size? Who financed this?

<comment><USER24> Here's the paper.

[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/779157v1.full.pdf](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/779157v1.full.pdf)

</comment></comment><comment><USER25> There's only three supplements worth taking:

 _Creatine_ \- to top off your bodies ATP stores and maximize power output.

 _Beta Alanine_ \- to maximize your carnosine stores and decreasing the burning pain that comes from lactic acid, letting you push harder for longer.

 _Citrulline_ \- to relax blood vessels and boost nitric oxide in your body, giving your muscles more oxygen for more work and powerful erections.

When their powers combine, you can reach your max potentials, with correct dosing.

<comment><USER26> Re: beta-alanine, anecdotally all it ever seemed to give me were strong tingling feelings. Maybe I'll give it a go again sometime.

> giving your muscles more oxygen for more work and powerful erections.

hopefully not both at once ;)

<comment><USER25> You have to take them for quite some time. The tingling should stop happening after some times.</comment></comment></comment>


Buckets: CMS built on Node.js and MongoDB - <AUTHOR> http://buckets.io

<comment><USER2> Is a NoSQL data store really a good strategy for a CMS system? I'd love to see some pros and cons.

<comment><USER3> In my experience building two very large CMS systems, it's been a perfect use case. Specifically, when you look at the variety of fields for a given article (say one article has a chart, another has an executive profile, etc).

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Nice idea but "why"? Nobody is really complaining about Wordpress or Medium

</comment><comment><USER5> Would be great to see some screen shots of the admin interface.

<comment><USER6> you can find the screenshots here. [https://assembly.com/buckets/posts/buckets-preview-custom- fi...](https://assembly.com/buckets/posts/buckets-preview-custom-fields- extensions-and-next-steps)

<comment><USER5> Looks amazing! Thanks!

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> That is a very pretty landing page.

</comment><comment><USER8> Mongo and Node. Must be good.</comment>


Introducing Kepler.gl, an Open-Source Geospatial Toolbox - <AUTHOR> https://ubere.ng/2H1HjFH <comment><USER2> Sweet, it's all built with React and Redux! And there's some _very_ hefty reducer logic in there.

I'd love to chat with some of the Uber engineers who worked on this. I'm a Redux maintainer, and I'm always eager to hear feedback from people who are building serious applications with Redux.

<comment><USER3> That would make it me, I'm surprised people already start noticing the reducer logic in there. Better get the docs out soon :)

<comment><USER2> Reducers are almost always the first thing I dig into whenever I open up a Redux project. Tells you what the state structure is, how it's being updated, what sorts of actions are being used, etc.

Only looked through the code for a few minutes, but a couple things I noticed:

\- You've got an interesting wrapper around `connect()`, which includes something called `withLocalSelector()`. Can you clarify what that does, and what the other use cases are for wrapping up `connect()` ? I think I also see some other assorted selector functions being used as well.

\- The couple reducer files I looked at are pretty large (several hundred LOC), and appear to be working with state that's nested 3-5 levels deep. A good portion of that appears to be normalized, per our recommendations. Have you run into any particular issues managing state that's nested that way? Have you considered any approaches for simplifying some of that logic, such as "reducer composition" (delegating the work of updating more nested state to their own reducer functions), or using an immutable update library such as Immer?

Also, the blog post talks a lot about the dataset sizes that you're dealing with. Any particular performance issues you've run into, and if so, how have you dealt with those?

Finally, any particular pain points you've experienced? Any things we can do to improve the docs (like better teaching certain patterns), or issues you'd like to see officially recommended solutions for?

If you'd like to chat about this in more detail, feel free to ping me @acemarke over in the Reactiflux chat channels on Discord.

<comment><USER3> \- withLocalSelector() allows us to mount multiple kepler.gl component instance in the reducer and select which one to dispatch and read from. We wrap around connect(), so the user doesn't have to worry about it. They can mount as many kepler.gl instances as they want and it should just work.

\- I know nested state has performance drawbacks, that's why we try to flatten certain properties with large arrays, such as datasets, layers, and layer data. But for other properties that are simple strings, floats or boolean, I think it's fine to have them nested. Because we have this reducer plugin feature, where developers can add custom reducer handlers, I try to keep the number of reducer small, so it's easier to explain what they each do. Besides that, I came across couple of cases where 1 action updates multiple reducers sequentially, I don't want to add thunk, so we then had to add this composer function which is kinda complex.

There are lots of questions, don't have time to answer them all, but I would love to keep this conversation going. :)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> Direct Link instead of that obfuscator nonsense: [https://eng.uber.com/keplergl/](https://eng.uber.com/keplergl/)

</comment><comment><USER5> This is pretty great. After banging my head over the weird state of python + GIS for the past month and a half, this feels very welcome.

Also, is it down for anyone else? As soon as I tried uploading a file, it became unresponsive..

<comment><USER6> The demo looks like it's all client side. How big is your geojson?

<comment><USER7> I uploaded a 10MB csv and it still is spinning on loading the file. Is that too big?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Wow, this is pretty badass.

</comment><comment><USER9> interesting to see this released. Have used DeckGL previously for data viz (DeckGl is well done and easy to use if looking for a javascript/node dataviz toolset), so rather nice to see the spatial demos, packaged up and built out simplifying adoption for geospatial apps. very cool.

</comment><comment><USER10> any way to add raster data or more conventional basemaps like those from USGS or google, etc?

<comment><USER6> The option is not in the demo, but looks like you have to do a custom build and use mapbox stylesheet for base maps.

<comment><USER11> Yes, integrated into kepler.gl is the ability to add a custom Mapbox GL style created in Mapbox Studio. You can design a custom map, add custom data from a shapefile, geojson, or geoTIFF file, and pull it into your kepler.gl dashboard.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> This looks pretty neat! Thank you.

</comment><comment><USER13> this is so easy to use!</comment>


Ask HN: Are you going to pay for MAC application similar like "clean mymac" - <AUTHOR> To describe it shortly, I want to build a mac software which will clean junks and unnecessary files from your system. I will be charging around 25 USD. Are you going to buy it? If not what are the features I can add so that attracts you as a mac user?<p>Thanks in advance! <comment><USER2> No. Because I don't have problems with full hard drives. If I have full hard drives it's because of files that I really know about (like movies or backups).

Besides of this I would really want to know how the app should decide which are unnecessary files?

PS: I think there are more useful ideas for new software instead of a new version of CCleaner for Mac. Just search the App Store for useful apps that are horrible designed and try to make them better.

</comment><comment><USER3> what files would you consider unnecessary?

will you tell me what you want to delete before you do it?

will you let me white list files/dirs/apps?

will this affect other users or just the current logged in user?

will you prevent this from running if you don't have a new list after I upgrade/downgrade to a different OS version?

What features will exist that aren't found in current solutions, such as App Cleaner?

how have you arrived at a value of $25.00 for an app you haven't defined features for and have not created yet?

too many questions, not enough time...</comment>


Crypto-currency craze 'hinders search for alien life' - <AUTHOR> https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/technology-43056744 <comment><USER2> They might benefit later when the price of the hardware plummets after a bigger crash...

who am i kidding, this is ruining everything.

The whole crypto craze is starting to remind me of "The Shoe Event Horizon " from the Hitch Hikers Guide.

<comment><USER3> Or Bostrom's Paperclip Maximiser (edit: someone else got there before me)

Ironically if you draw a Venn diagram of "people who are worried about a dystopian future in which badly-designed _AI_ reallocates enormous portions of the world's resources to an utterly useless end" and "people really into promoting and mining crypto" you might not need a second circle

<comment><USER4> Click at your peril:

[http://www.decisionproblem.com/paperclips/](http://www.decisionproblem.com/paperclips/)

<comment><USER5> I should have heeded the warning, this thing goes places, literally!

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> So Cryptocurrencies was all along the plan of Aliens to limit our quest to find them /s

That said, the demand for GPU's didn't decrease even during the recent market crash and I personally believe it will be like this until Nvidia comes up with their custom chips for miners

<comment><USER7> > _So Cryptocurrencies was all along the plan of Aliens to limit our quest to > find them /s_

That's just a side effect that prevents us from discovering them. The true purpose is to accelerate the process of making Earth more habitable to alien life (and less habitable to us). Apparently aliens like CO₂ and hot climate (makes me wonder why they don't just settle Venus, but maybe it's _too_ warm for them there).

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> Proof of stake on Ethereum is right around the corner. As soon as that happens there will be plenty of cheap GPUs back on the market.

<comment><USER9> The funny thing about the bitcoin fans is how they don't realize (or think it's good) that the BTC network does not become faster or scales as more hardware is added, quite the contrary

<comment><USER10> It does, however, become exponentially more difficult to double-spend, which is the whole reason we have proof-of-work security in the first place.

<comment><USER11> Yes, however, it already _is_ enormously difficult to double-spend. If this were the actual motives of miners adding ever-more hash power, we ought to discuss at some point how secure is "secure enough" and at which point the added security has a higher cost than benefit.

Otherwise the whole thing sounds like the paperclip maximizer justifying its actions: "But if I burn this forest, we will have _even more_ paperclips!"

<comment><USER10> The only motive of miners is profit. This is by design. How else could you incentivize a bunch of random people to find partial SHA-256 collisions?

Security is ensured by the economic incentives baked into the protocol. Security is the by-product of economically selfish behavior.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> These guys should contact nvidia directly, and ask to reserve some of the cards nvidia sells via their site.

It releases small batches weekly.

Anecdote: last week it was 300 cards. Most of them are snatched by miners and scalpers (who resell them on ebay). I managed to get one card I need (to complete my pc) only by using monitoring script and automating chrome to purchase. 300 cards were gone in 4 minutes. The next day 12 more were available (possibly cancelled/failed orders of those 300).

<comment><USER13> Nah, SETI should be crowdfunding to build ASIC boards tuned solely to do the necessary Fast Fourier Transform [1] operations to identify what they consider interesting signals from extraterrestrial sources.

When the EFF commissioned the DES ASIC system for bruteforcing DES encryption in 1998, it only cost $210k [2]. I can only imagine design and fabrication costs have declined over 20 years.

"The whole project was budgeted at about US $210,000. Of this, $80,000 was used to design, integrate, and test the EFF DES Cracker. The other $130,000 was for materials including chips, boards and all other components on the boards, card cages, power supplies, cooling, and a PC. The software for controlling the EFF DES Cracker was written separately as a volunteer project that took 4-5 weeks. The entire project was completed within about eighteen months, with much of that time being used for preliminary research. The core team contained fewer than ten people, none of whom worked full-time on the project. The final cost came in at well under $250,000."

[1] [https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/sah_glossary/fft.php](https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/sah_glossary/fft.php)

[2] [https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTM...](https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTML/19980716_eff_des_faq.html)

[+] Entire book on the subject the EFF published for the intellectually curious: [https://archive.org/details/crackingdessecre00elec](https://archive.org/details/crackingdessecre00elec)

EDIT: @fundemental: Would love to hear more about this if you're willing to share and have the time. Contact info is in my profile.

<comment><USER14> Interestingly last time I was active in this area (specifically VLBI radio astronomy), I was working on a project for moving FFT computations _away_ from existing FPGA based solutions to GPU based ones in order to save money.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> I think the solution here is very very easy...

Aliencoin when?

<comment><USER16> I predict a huge spike soon. [https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/aliencoin/](https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/aliencoin/)

<comment><USER17> No active markets.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> I think nVidia is only getting more research and development dollars because of the bitcoin craze. Its gotta be taking some of that cash and making things faster and better. Prices and hardware in short supply will quickly come down.

<comment><USER12> Unfortunately, nvidia (or amd) does not get extra cash from this craze. Not even partners and oems.

Most profits are reaped by retailers and resellers

<comment><USER19> Nvidia's profit margin seems to be swelling.

[https://ycharts.com/companies/NVDA/profit_margin](https://ycharts.com/companies/NVDA/profit_margin)

I would kind of expect that to be the case as each card they issue has a very high initial cost to design, test, promote, etc. and now cards that were getting "old" have suddenly shot up in demand.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> To those offering up suggestions of "seticoin" and similar ideas, the reason why this hasn't been done is because its prohibitively difficult to build a PoW system using useful work because useful work usually cannot be verified as correct without redoing all of the work. Another problem is that the inherent nature of useful work generally precludes it from being delivered in units of controllable and predictable difficulty.

</comment><comment><USER21> But think of how in awe the Aliens are of the freedoms we have created for our selves.

<comment><USER22> We've allowed people to be venture capitalists in the system [crypto] that will replace our current finance system

-Actual rational behind letting people investing their savings in crypto be from an article I read

<comment><USER23> The greatest thing is that nobody's "letting" invest anyone anywhere here, because nobody has any authority over the system. Rather than being "allowed"to invest in crypto, you are _free_ to invest in crypto.

<comment><USER22> It's clear the implication is crypto is "letting" you invest in itself by its nature, where as some government trying to invent a new monetary system probably wouldn't let individuals invest for a stake in future circulation

But realistically, the government can stop you from investing. Or more specifically, the government can derail investment in the system by removing the aspect of speculation that's driving this "investment", by limiting people's ability to liquidate.

The government moves slow. Yesterday hundreds, if not thousands of people here in CT got letters requesting taxes on out of state online purchases from Newegg from up to _3 years ago_. Everyone knew the law was that you should report your own purchases and pay taxes on them, but they ignored it and thought "buying out of state will let me not pay taxes!". Now the taxman is coming for its due.

Stories like this on current transactions could start to hamper the speculation on crypto drastically.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> Check out gridcoin. Its a cryptocurrency that rewards you for using boinc.

</comment><comment><USER25> Oh, but there is a great group of people who crunch projects for them all the time through BOINC.

It's called Gridcoin.

(credit to: going_full_turbo)

</comment><comment><USER26> My brother has been able to sell his graphics cards that he has had for six months at MSRP or better even while being slightly used a few months ago. Graphic cards are hard to come by and they can't even make them fast enough. Even for gamers who need only one card.

</comment><comment><USER27> Sounds like an opportunity for an ICO called SETIcoin.

They can both raise funds and if they figure out how to run their algorithms via smart contracts also get access to much more hardware ala BOINC.

<comment><USER24> Gridcoin

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> Are we not more likely to find alien life through SpaceX rockets that can launch telescopes deep into space?

<comment><USER29> The expensive part is building the telescopes. James Webb is going to cost something like $8.8 billion. Compared to that, launching it is easy.

</comment></comment><comment><USER30> I feel it's probably the least of my worries about crypto-currency craze

</comment><comment><USER31> cryptocurrencies will radically change our societies so it's well wotth it. Alien life would probably destroy it.

<comment><USER32> If by radically change our societies, you mean waste billions of watts on overly complex Get Rich Quick schemes, then yes, yes they will.

<comment><USER31> I mean about permanent proof of government spending, ultra secure voting systems, decentralized government and direct democracy. bonus tip: many coins do not need watt burning. p.s you were probably an internet naysayer too

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER33> Isn't it ironic that he is so short-sighted? The demand for GPUs increases research in that area and will drive down costs soon. There will be a huge amount of cards that use too much energy for mining but that are perfect for research.

</comment><comment><USER23> Searching for alien life is an irrational waste of energy and resources. In thousands of years of mankind's history we have seen zero compelling evidence of alien life existing in any form anywhere. The energy spent on cryptocurrencies is the cost of the unstoppable financial freedom they are creating for us. Obviously, we all wish it were smaller, but to ensure that nobody can have total control of the system, it has to be computationally heavy and expensive in terms of energy required per transaction.

<comment><USER34> > to ensure that nobody can have total control of the system, it has to be > computationally heavy and expensive in terms of energy required per > transaction.

To be entirely safe when I go to the grocery store I could drive a tank, but a cost-benefit analysis reveals that I shouldn't.

As a thought experiment, what would happen right now if the mining incentive went to 0 and miners subsisted entirely on transaction fees? Would the system still be secure? (It's an important question since that's what will eventually happen with difficulty adjustments)

<comment><USER23> Long before that happens we will have already moved to better, more advanced crypto currency systems. Bitcoin is not the only alternative and its importance is dwindling. "Mining incentive" won't even have any meaning by the time the danger you envision is in the realm of possibility.</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: Who's attending Tufte's lectures in SF in December? - <AUTHOR>

Hello, HN! I'm in San Francisco from Dec 1st to 4th to attend Edward Tufte's lecture on persenting data and information [1]. Will I see anyone else from the startup community there? I'd love to meet up for a coffee or beer, or attend any other interesting events happening that weekend. I'm not terribly familiar with the city, so tips are very welcome.
Also, since I will be working from SF on Tuesday: Any recommendation for a good location to sit with your laptop for a day?
Thanks!
[1] http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/courses <comment><USER2> I will be chairing the CalCPA International Tax Conference at the Hotel Nikko (which is close to the Westin, where Tufte's sessions will be held) on Tuesday. Arriving Monday, if you want to talk tax (especially international stuff) related to your startup. Contact me by my HN username at the Google mail service.</comment>


Abricotine – WYSIWYM Markdown editor – open source and cross platform - <AUTHOR> http://abricotine.brrd.fr/ <comment><USER2> Too bad it's electron. I'm working on a just-for-fun markdown editor using GtkSourceView and GtkWebkit and, despite a slight learning curve getting familiar with gtk, it's been a pleasure to work on. Ugh...electron? Really??

<comment><USER3> These kinds of dismissive comments make me wonder if the writer ever created anything of substance in their life.

For example, notice how this project is actually accessible for people to try today. Building something in the privacy of localhost is pretty worthless if you think it equips you with the power of judgement. That's the easiest part of building something. Congratulations on your unreleased hobby project that doesn't use Electron.

Let's keep this sort of comment off HN. You'll notice it only squanders interesting discussion from the pool.

In fact, that it's built with Electron suggests that the core can be factored out into a library that you can embed in a website or another project, and that's great.

So, please, spare us next time.

<comment><USER4> One, you're replying to a guy with thousands of stars on his released github projects.

Two, there are tradeoffs in using electron, and it's not unreasonable to discuss those. This place would lose a lot of its value if we're not allowed to discuss the pros and cons of technical decisions that go into a project.

<comment><USER5> It's weird, but I think you're both right. My first reaction to anything html/javascript/etc is a mix of "ew" and "that's not very impressive". But I also think it's important to be inclusive and flexible. Society's best off when people fight past their internal prejudices, but my past experiences with html/JavaScript put a bad memory in my mind.

Ultimately, this looks like a well executed program from the screenshots. I say kudos to the developer of it. They did something productive and made something useful.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> This is cool but it makes me wonder about all of the electron apps that are coming out. Is there something more efficient that could do the same? Why are QT and GTK not nearly as popular?

<comment><USER7> "More efficient" how? At saving developer time? At producing shippable end products? At debugging? Will using GTK result in a better product that increases the end-user's "efficiency" more? Or will it really result in the developer shipping a product with 1/10th the features, or nothing at all?

<comment><USER6> Funny how you mentioned nothing of the computing resources required to run any of these. Sometimes it's alright to spend more time creating a product when the end result uses less CPU and less memory. It's not all or nothing.

<comment><USER8> If it makes no notisable difference to the user and cost you more time, you are just wasting time that could have been spend better on improving the users experiance.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Is the editor really a problem to solve for Markdown? Philosophically I regard Markdown as a language in the text-only-editor-unimportant family.

I recently built a (simple, only works for me) filter for pandoc that allows for formulas in Markdown tables. org-mode features is what Markdown is missing, but without the marriage to the editor.

At the same time: an editor like this makes Markdown more accessible for non- hackers, which is always good.

<comment><USER10> > Is the editor really a problem to solve for Markdown?

I don't think it's a "problem to solve" i think it's an opportunity to grasp.

I love markdown and can read it just fine without an editor like this, but I, and many others, find it useful to have headings actually be darker and bigger. There's value to those typographical changes. There's value to links being a different color. Having an editor that can provide your eyes with helpful things.... helps.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> On a related note: I've recently started using [https://hackmd.io/](https://hackmd.io/) for markdown. It supports the full gh markdown and more. The best part is the collaborative editing. Big thumbs up to the guys working on the product - I haven't missed desktop apps for markdown at all. I'm looking forward to trying their slideshow features.

Disclosure: I have no affiliation with them :). I'm just a fanboy at this point.

</comment><comment><USER12> This is an electron app.

</comment><comment><USER13> I think the way electron apps abound when there are possibly better alternatives is similar to the way markdown abounds in spite of other better 'lightweight' markup alternatives.. after years of using markdown, I've migrated to asciidoc and couldn't be happier that I don't have to rely on custom extensions..

I guess it's a mindshare thing and a learning curve thing.. I guess markdown is good enough for the vast majority of cases.. but when it isn't, it becomes a pita..

</comment><comment><USER14> This looks really awesome! I really wish I could use it as a library and embed it into my SaaS app. Is there a way to extract just the rendering functionality and add it to a website?

<comment><USER15> Why not just use a markdown rendering engine with added features like kramdown[1]?

1\. [https://kramdown.gettalong.org/](https://kramdown.gettalong.org/)

<comment><USER14> Because I want realtime WYSIWYG markdown editing, kinda like in SimpleMDE or Typora.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> Just tested it and it seems really promising. Great work!

I wish it could replace the formatting syntax as you type, like Typora [1] does. The document becomes much cleaner to read while still being efficient to write.

[1] [https://typora.io/](https://typora.io/)

</comment><comment><USER17> Anyone know of a markdown editor that has quick, notational velocity style file search/creation and just saves files to the hard disk? (So I can sync the directory via Dropbox or Google drive myself)

<comment><USER18> I use nvALT.

>nvALT 2 is a fork of the original Notational Velocity with some additional features and interface modifications, including MultiMarkdown functionality.

[http://brettterpstra.com/projects/nvalt/](http://brettterpstra.com/projects/nvalt/)

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> Never heard syntax highlighting referred to as "code coloration" before. Looks nice though.

</comment><comment><USER20> Does anyone know of a similar project for editing mediawiki files?</comment>


Is technology making police better – or worse? [audio] - <AUTHOR> https://www.breaker.audio/recode-decode/e/54330617 <comment><USER2> Not listen but just the word police I would say worst. They tear every technology to their fellow people in Hong Kong in the last few months. From ddos, solar ...</comment>


Show HN: Concentric – Generative art tool written in JavaScript - <AUTHOR> https://anemy.github.io/concentric <comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for checking out the project! :D It's open source on github: [https://github.com/Anemy/concentric](https://github.com/Anemy/concentric)

I've posted a couple of my favorites on dribbble: [https://dribbble.com/Scotsley](https://dribbble.com/Scotsley)

AMA! Share any cool ones you generate!</comment>


Yarn 1.0: Workspaces, auto-merging lockfiles, selective versions resolutions - <AUTHOR> https://code.facebook.com/posts/274518539716230 <comment><USER3> A big congrats are in order. Yarn came out just as I started working in the node ecosystem, and it fixed nearly all my dependency manager problems.

Since then it's evolved and it's really helped provide a counter to npm offering different design choices but working together where it counts. It's the 4th most popular brew dependency and ~25% of npm downloads. People love it.

Congrats Yarn team - you've been doing a great job.

* [https://stats.yarnpkg.com](https://stats.yarnpkg.com) * [https://brew.sh/analytics/install-on-request/](https://brew.sh/analytics/install-on-request/)

<comment><USER4> I jumped on node around the same time and I've come to an opposite conclusion.

The things I liked was the offline cache and the yarn integrity.

However there was just too many issues regarding its dependency on npm and not playing nice with other tools such as brew.

I dove into the code to try and fix these issues but both the quality of the code base and the politics going on in the issue tracker turned me off very quickly. [1]

If yarn had been approached with more senior developers I think it could have replaced npm entirely.

[1] [https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/2064](https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/2064)

<comment><USER5> > If yarn had been approached with more senior developers I think it could > have replaced npm entirely.

The biggest reason by far why Yarn got so popular so quickly was because it didn't come and try to split the existing ecosystem but chose build on top of npm's foundation with ways that npm didn't (at that point) offer instead.

<comment><USER4> Yes I agree! I didn't really make myself clear.

I feel that if yarn kept its strategy but had more senior developers writing the core software I think it could have been able to outpace npm in terms of features and speed.

If this had have been the case then it wouldn't make sense to use npm at all. Yarn would be faster and have more features.

From my experience I feel that yarn isn't offering much value now and the codebase quality means that future features will take too long to build.

<comment><USER6> Perhaps I'm wrong, but from your posts here I don't get the sense that you were close enough to the project to really know their team composition or how to improve it. Your prescription comes off as armchair quarterbacking.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> This is fantastic! The biggest standout feature in my opinion is workspaces. I've been using workspaces on a client project with many sub-projects and it has been a pleasure.

Shared modularized code without creating private npm packages or doing some "linking" magic has been wonderful for productivity. It's as simple as creating another local package and symatically everything else has remained the same as a regular npm package, plus the benefits of having immediately updating code. For anyone with a large modular codebase wanting to forray into a monorepo approach I highly recommend checking it out. They also released a blog post here detailing the feature: [https://yarnpkg.com/blog/2017/08/02/introducing- workspaces/](https://yarnpkg.com/blog/2017/08/02/introducing-workspaces/)

<comment><USER8> How are people handling CI/CD servers/services with the mono repo?

The barrier to mono repo seems to have always been the need to create massive amounts of bespoke tooling to handle the build pipelines(how do I build just this proj?, how do I run tests on just this proj?, how do I build just this proj and its deps?, etc). These are totally solvable with dedicated dev resources, but these are typically the problems you try to avoid rather than spend time on at a lot of companies; say < 1k engineers(snark).

Workspaces and Lerna seem to be a small piece of the puzzle even if critical. Are there tools to help out with rest? For instance if I'm using Bitbucket pipelines, what should I be looking for to help building from a mono repo?

<comment><USER9> Subversion used to let you check out a subdirectory of a repo, which generally helped with this problem. The chapter on SVN in Beautiful Code does a great job of explaining how this works and why it helps with concurrent access to the repo.

This is a giant blind spot in Git, and none of the proposed workarounds come anywhere close to the tiny cognitive load of svn's answer to this problem.

But nobody on the git design committee seems to give a shit about cognitive load, so I'm probably just shouting into the tempest.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> I have had a failed heroku deployment because of yarn 1.0 yesterday - <USER2> interesting. Made me define the yarn version in package.json. I have also had some problems with the yarn repo being unavailable a couple of months ago.

That being said - I have migrated to it completely on all projects and never looked back - so yay for yarn!

<comment><USER11> We have patched that issue and already tagged 1.0.1 ;)

<comment><USER11> See [https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/4320](https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/4320)

<comment><USER12> Looks like its still having problems on Heroku

[https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack- nodejs/issues/468](https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack- nodejs/issues/468)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> I've been holding off on yarn since npm v5 has some big performance increases, but there's (as of npm 5.3) still an issue where npm v5 deletes all `private: true` packages - we've had to revert to 4.6 - and I'm a little worried a data- loss issue isn't being treated as severe.

<comment><USER14> Deletes them in what situation? Can you provide a link?

<comment><USER13> There's a couple of similar deletion issues, they're all linked from [https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/17929](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/17929), the deleting private one happens in all situations, eg just an npm install, see [https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/17927](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/17927)

<comment><USER14> RE the 2nd issue: Are you sure you even need `private: true`? Scoped modules are private by default right? I thought `private: true` was supposed to prevent publishing to npm altogether.

It's odd they haven't at least triaged the issue (but you know humans/time). That said the fact it's a niche workflow (it's unclear why the user is using --no-save) and the steps to reproduce won't be doable by the team ... probably doesn't help the issue get attention.

<comment><USER13> The packages aren't published on npm but deployed by other means (before npm is used to install additional public packages), hence 'private' is deliberate.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Maybe Node should bundle Yarn instead of NPM? NPM is so buggy I can't stand it for a minute!

<comment><USER16> Not quite the same but ironically the standard "node" Docker image contains yarn: [https://github.com/nodejs/docker- node/blob/b502aa016335c81a5...](https://github.com/nodejs/docker- node/blob/b502aa016335c81a586b430328d8fee4897ee440/8.4/Dockerfile)

<comment><USER17> I was the one who added Yarn to the official docker-node image[1][2]. This was the most popular docker-node feature request at the time. We managed to achieve it with a minimal size increase (with the help of the awesome Yarn team) and without affecting anything else. There was already a history of us providing some bonus features which the upstream Node project doesn't, such as a musl-libc build (for Alpine Linux).

[1] [https://github.com/nodejs/docker- node/pull/337](https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/pull/337) [2] [https://github.com/nodejs/docker- node/pull/403](https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/pull/403)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> What was the compelling reason to make Yarn instead of contributing to npm, perhaps ownership?

Seems like they could given everyone a lot of improvements and instead they fractured the market a bit.

<comment><USER19> I can't speak to the original intentions of the authors, but I suspect it might be related to difficulty of making significant changes to the project due to some strongly held beliefs.

An example: react-native depends on alpha/beta versions of react, and libraries in the react-native ecosystem tend to include a peer dependency on react (eg: react >= 15). React 16.0.0-alpha.12 will not satisfy this range, but 16.0.0 will. It's unclear to me in what way it is useful to exclude pre- release versions, and this causes a lot of confusion for users. I posted about it here: [https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/8854](https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/8854) and it was shutdown for ideological reasons, rather than practical considerations. On the other hand, someone submitted a patch to yarn to improve this behaviour and it was quickly accepted: [https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/pull/3361](https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/pull/3361).

<comment><USER20> And it wasn't all just "strongly held beliefs" there were very real problems with upgrading parts of npm.

npm for a long time was built to do what npm did. There was no spec, no "rules" it did what it did, and changing that behavior was a breaking change. Everyone could agree that feature X needed to be fixed or redone, but doing so would break a significant number of packages/projects so it wasn't done.

Yarn was the solution, they could start from scratch, not worry about those older/undocumented/arcane edge-cases. They didn't have to care about backwards compatibility, or even reimplement the same API.

Every time this question is asked, I also like to point out that many of the Yarn devs were npm devs, and the project as a whole not only had the "approval" of npm, but also was in-part encouraged by them.

Competition is good, and it's "the javascript way" to have multiple competing tools that each prioritise different things. Yarn is pretty much a perfect example of that.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> Just in case anyone else runs into this and doesn't know what's going on: we had a problem with Yarn 1.0, because it doesn't recognise repositories that don't end in a trailing slash -- for example, "@folio:registry=[https://repository.folio.org/repository/npm- folio"](https://repository.folio.org/repository/npm-folio") is no good any more, but "@folio:registry=[https://repository.folio.org/repository/npm- folio/"](https://repository.folio.org/repository/npm-folio/") is. See [https://github.com/folio-org/stripes-demo- platform/commit/f8...](https://github.com/folio-org/stripes-demo- platform/commit/f8fed68d17c72b021a6c92ebe74fc173a7ea0433)

Meanwhile ... I do regret that this doesn't introduce alternative dependencies, like Debian packages have, where your package foo can have dependency on "either bar or baz". Oh well.

<comment><USER11> Apologies for the issue. There's an issue file on GitHub for this and we are working on a fix: [https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/4339](https://github.com/yarnpkg/yarn/issues/4339)

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> Yarn has been a collosal improvement to my workflow, it's faster, compatible with non and completely deterministic (those weird this install works that one didn't errors with npm got really old).

</comment><comment><USER23> Do they use the same BSD+Patents license that's used for ReactJS?

<comment><USER24> The license on github does not have the patents clause.

</comment></comment><comment><USER25> Will Yarn ever be merged into npm's CLI? Why does the node community back two package managers?

<comment><USER20> The same reason most people back multiple browser rendering engines, or multiple car manufacturers, or multiple CPU manufacturers.

Competition is good, and having 2 implementations of the same basic idea that each prioritise different things means that more people can have their cake and eat it too.

Having one tool that has hundreds of flags to enable different use-cases is an anti-pattern in my opinion, and a fantastic alternative is to create multiple competing tools that each handle those different use-cases. It's the unix philosophy taken to the extreme, each "program" should do one thing, and do it well.

<comment><USER25> This is a good answer that changed my perspective, thanks.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> How soon will it be available via brew update?

<comment><USER27> Looks like 1.0.1 is available now - [https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew- core/pull/17780](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/pull/17780).</comment></comment>