Drupal 8.0.0 released - <AUTHOR> https://www.drupal.org/8 <comment><USER2> I've migrated two simple modules to Drupal 8, and created one specifically for D8. I can tell you that D8 is a much better setup on the programming side. D8 is finally following modern programming paradigms, such as dependency injection, twig templating, OOP that makes sense, composer support, PSR-4, PHP7 support, and more.

Can't wait to start building much larger sites with D8 and when there's more contributed content for it.

</comment><comment><USER3> Developer of Pathologic [1] here. Code-wise, D8 is really a whole new paradigm for the system, so if you've given Drupal a look in the past and rolled your eyes at the PHP 4-ness of it all, I really encourage you to give it another look with fresh eyes in the future.

In terms of user-facing features, I think the greatly improved support for multilingual sites is the most exciting new feature (especially as just this week I've been encountering headaches related to i18n implementation on a D7 site… argh).

1: [https://www.drupal.org/project/pathologic](https://www.drupal.org/project/pathologic)

</comment><comment><USER4> Kudos for the reboot. I haven't touched Drupal in maybe 7 years, but I gather it must be orders of magnitude easier now to develop a site with modern software engineering tools than it was then.

However, this reasoning feels wrong:

 _If we were to ignore these market forces, Drupal would be caught flat-footed and quickly become irrelevant._

Wordpress is still the same big ball of mud it was 10 years ago and it powers 1/4 of the internet.

<comment><USER2> I would argue that Drupal's target is much different than Wordpress'. Yes, Drupal has a tiny bit of focus on small sites, but Drupal can't contend with Wordpress, not even close. Wordpress is much faster to setup and get a nice looking site up and running.

Where WP falls short is in the enterprise market, and this is where Drupal's ideal customer is. Drupal powers Tesla, Whitehouse.gov, Weather.com, Economist, NY.gov, and other major sites. So for Drupal to remain relevant to these types of clients it has had to play catchup. D7 changed a lot from it's initial release, and a lot of contrib modules helped make it a decent enterprise-level solution. But D8 is a whole new beast that really sets the bar pretty high. You can literally build anything in Drupal, and with it's new focus on having "headless" RESTful services, it can be used to power your entire content strategy (pushing content to apps, other sites, etc).

<comment><USER5> > Wordpress is much faster to setup and get a nice looking site up and > running.

I would argue that this is faster than most Wordpress setups:

        drush dl drupal
        drush si drupal ...
        drush en "name of theme"

Wordpress is easier to set up only for the "I still use tools from a decade or two ago" crowd.

<comment><USER6> Both have an easy CLI setup:

[http://wp-cli.org/](http://wp-cli.org/)

There are solutions catering to SAAS/application-specific hosting for both. Wordpress.com / Drupal Gardens as well as containers and configurations scripts you can use to get a jump start.

Both have similar philosophies in the sense you can login and immediately start switching on modules/extensions you want to use. Both are CMS.

<comment><USER7> How much experience do you have using wp-cli? Drupal/drush are a long long way off perfect but comparing drush to wp-cli is apples and oranges.

wp-cli is extremely brittle even for very simple download+install, produces very poor defaults in terms of file/directory permissions and general on- filesystem stuff, and this is before you get into things like drush's many other functions for general admin or its extensibility.

That is not a criticism of wp-cli's developers though, as about 99.9% of its limitations are down to the Wordpress core team's complete disinterest in accommodating its functionality well or in providing a codebase that fits into a modern deployment setup in any reliable, well-considered way.

The work done on wp-cli is really commendable: it seems to be battling against quite a tide.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Drupal lead, Dries, also wrote a read-worthy post on the release:

[http://buytaert.net/drupal-8-0-0-released](http://buytaert.net/drupal-8-0-0-released)

</comment><comment><USER9> As the operator of one of the larger Drupal-powered sites, I'm looking forward to playing with some of the news features and functionality (first on my personal site). Granted, I still dread making the transition from D7 to D8 for my production site with 200k registered users, 53k nodes, and 3m unique monthly visitors.

<comment><USER6> Care to link your site?

Do you have any blog posts on how you manage to scale with drupal? Have you considered alternative solutions?

<comment><USER9> As mentioned in someone else's post, it is PortableApps.com. I left it off as I didn't want to be self promotional in the reference. Mine is far from the largest Drupal site, so other sites like Weather.com and The Onion have done more with large-scale scaling in terms of multiple servers and the like. Personally, for PortableApps.com, I've used Advanced CSS/JS Aggregation [1] and LABjs [2] to help quite a bit in terms of caching along with offloading images and static scripts to a CDN (MaxCDN in our case). Moving the MySQL data from a standard server-based instance to Rackspace's Cloud Database instance and the Drupal install from a dedicated server to a cloud server that can be up/downgraded helped as well. All while keeping costs to about the same as the old single dedicated server.

1: [https://www.drupal.org/project/advagg](https://www.drupal.org/project/advagg) 2: [https://www.drupal.org/project/labjs](https://www.drupal.org/project/labjs)

<comment><USER10> > Mine is far from the largest Drupal site, so other sites like Weather.com > and The Onion have done more with large-scale scaling in terms of multiple > servers and the like

Don't forget [https://www.whitehouse.gov](https://www.whitehouse.gov) \- it's a Drupal 7 site, and I imagine it gets a fair amount of traffic.

<comment><USER9> The traffic estimation sites online peg whitehouse.gov at around 3m monthly visitors as well.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Very interesting incoming developpement : [https://www.drupal.org/project/big_pipe](https://www.drupal.org/project/big_pipe)

</comment><comment><USER12> I like that people are constructively discussing about Drupal without bashing PHP. I'm pretty surprised about it. Good luck to the Drupal project. Being a symfony developer myself I know that it's a great framework and Drupal surely benefited a lot from the integration.

</comment><comment><USER13> I'm skeptical about investing anymore time into Drupal after using 7 extensively for the past few years. Any work I've done was mainly custom module development, soap, rest apis, aws integrations, ecommerce, etc. Pretty app heavy stuff. It's not well suited for these tasks but it can do them if you get creative. This, of course, has great overhead and complexity.

I'm going to look closely at other options. It seems at this level that Drupal has been outgrown and that once you hit that point, for me, it feels like pressing the reset button and starting over. I'm bummed it has a growth ceiling.

I also feel strongly that the productivity level is deceiving. You race out of the gate with clicky this and module that, to later find working with a custom data model to be extremely painful or that you can only do things via interface and not in code. Unit testing, at least in 7 is non existent. Short term gains and long term pains. It does not feel like it was ever designed with developer speed and procutivity in focus.

So while I'm curious to hear of the new release I also just feel you can't teach an old dog new tricks. Part of this is the.community it has built for itself. Time will tell. I have a feeling D8 is between a rock and a hard place. At some point a framework is just way better. Tool for the job I guess.

<comment><USER14> I agree. While there are probably a bunch of use-cases where Drupal is a good solution, I find that it doesn't hit any 'sweet spot' that I care about.

For very simple sites I'm inclined to use a static site generator.

For relatively simple sites that need a CMS, I use Wordpress (much as I dislike it). The clients are often familiar with it, and it _is_ pretty easy to set things up. And if I'm going the Wordpress route, I might as well take advantage of the high amount of plugins and the complete (and often cheap) themes that target specific industries.

For anything more complicated, I used to be in the Drupal camp, but now I opt for a framework approach. Rails, Express, or something like that. With every single site I've built in Drupal I _always_ ran into the problem that the time spent on 'clicky this and module that' eventually outgrew the initial speed advantage, and I would have been better off doing these things in code in a environment optimized for this approach ('true' frameworks).

I think it's analogous to how many of my clients insist on using Wordpress and paying more for that instead of a static site. They would've been better off with a static site that I update for a small fee, or perhaps even a small lesson in FTP-ing and editing a file, but they wanted the 'option' of logging in and changing stuff. But many of them never do.

Similarly, the choice of Drupal sometimes seems to be primarily project managers who want the 'option' of making complex changes through the admin interface, just so they have the option. Never mind that the complexity tends to be high enough that you need a programmer anyways to pull it off, so you might as well just go the framework way.

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> One of the most challenging projects I've worked on was building a Drupal 7 site. I was fresh out of college and had absolutely no Drupal experience. In retrospect, I am confident that there were likely easier ways to do many of the things which I wanted, but at the time everything felt like an uphill battle.

The biggest challenge was the UI; I had to build something against mocks from photoshop, meaning it had to be pixel-perfect and identical to what the client had agreed to. Most contrib modules didn't have a way to easily customize the output (as far as I could tell), so I either had to modify the code of the module to produce exactly what I needed or just write the functionality myself (typically choosing the latter). Had I been working with a Drupal guru there may have been a way to avoid this, but who knows? It seems other commenters have mentioned needing to customize the modules themselves.

This was a very poor experience for me. D8 looks like a large improvement, but I was so thoroughly burned by the lack of clarity and community support that I doubt I will touch Drupal again.

<comment><USER3> Aside from the inexperience issue (D7 and later really do give you the power to override theming on just about anything), you should never promise a client that a web design will replicate a mock-up with pixel perfection. It's impossible; there's just too much that's out of your control. A web design mock-up is more of a guideline that can be followed pretty closely, but never perfectly replicated.

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> To people using Drupal in production: can you share what you consider to be the sweet spot for using Drupal? Also, are you mostly using existing components, or leaning more toward custom development?

<comment><USER2> I've worked on many Drupal sites, and I would say the sweet spot is a client who is going to budget $10k+. Basically, under $10k budget means you should be looking at simpler, pre-baked solutions, like Wordpress, Squarespace, Shopify, Wix, static HTML, etc.. I've worked on Drupal projects from $25-250k+, and it can handle pretty much everything (sometimes requiring a lot of TLC tho).

There are so many contributed modules that can help build things out, but I _always_ need some type of customizations requiring (usually a few) custom modules per project. It all depends... I did one project that had dozens of crazy features that we broke out into 70+ custom modules...

But yea, I would say the sweet spot is a customer who needs a pretty large site with a lot of _functionality_. My 2 cents anyway.

<comment><USER16> This is some very useful insight, thanks! I've been asking this since at times, fully custom development (I ship Rails apps mostly, since 2005) is not the way to go, so I'm looking for other options where using modules (either custom or purchased) could help.

<comment><USER17> I would suggest you consider drupal as a basis for your fully custom sites. You start out of the box with a well supported, standards based system for the basics: user management/authentication, data modeling/storage/query, routing, path handling, HTML templating etc etc. It has a huge ecosystem of modules, also effectively out of the box, for third party integrations and all sorts of esoteric requirements. So you start writing your custom code on an established base with a strong API for modification and integration, which means less custom code to support.

In a Drupal custom module you can do or change literally anything, and you can write whatever architecture you like for your individual component. You just have to integrate with the Symfony2 router and dependency injection container. Pretty cool stuff.

<comment><USER16> Great - thanks everyone for your replies!

This looks interesting indeed.

May I ask what is your preferred way to learn Drupal for a total newcomer, albeit a truly seasoned developer?

<comment><USER3> Unfortunately, the book I usually point people to [1] when they ask a question like that is not yet updated for Drupal 8. Frankly, we're probably going to be in that awkward state where supply for learning resources for D8 is greatly overwhelmed by demand for a little while at least. But it's OSS; if all else fails, you can trace the source code, assuming you've got the PHP chops.

1: [http://www.drupalbook.com](http://www.drupalbook.com)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> If you're interested in ramping up quickly with Drupal 8, there's a completely free Drupal 8 class available on YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtaXuX0nEZk9MKY_ClWcP...](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtaXuX0nEZk9MKY_ClWcPkGtOEGyLTyCO)

There's over 60 videos. It's sponsored by [http://Acquia.com](http://Acquia.com) (the biggest fish in the Drupal pond) and created by [http://OSTraining.com](http://OSTraining.com), who are one of the top sources for Drupal videos.

<comment><USER19> From what I can see, very little UI differences between D7 and D8, most D7 and D6 developers should be right at home with D8.

<comment><USER20> Partially true.

Yes, there's definitely very few UI changes between D7 and D8 ... so sitebuilders should feel right at home.

However, everything has changed in the codebase, so developers have a lot of learning to do.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> Drupal 6 was an exciting time for them. I wonder if they manage to rewrite all those plugins for the Drupal 8 release. I certainly hope so.

It's been in the making a long long time. I guess I will have to give this a spin.

<comment><USER2> Pretty much everything under the hood has been rewritten. It is a very different CMS than D6/7 was. Whether or not all those changes are for the better, is up to you to decide.

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> I have very mixed feelings about Drupal. On one hand, it does have a lot of functionality available in third party modules; but the quality and completeness of them varies _wildly_ , and most require custom code in order to be useful.

Another issue is maintenance. I don't think I've ever met a well-maintained contrib module; even ones that seem to be actively maintained aren't what I would call "well" maintained...reported bugs don't get fixed, patches don't get accepted or commented on (I have a half dozen bugfix patches spread across three or four projects, including one for something in core, that have gotten no response, some for months). While Drupal doesn't suffer from the crass commercialization that has befallen much of the WordPress ecosystem, it seems only companies paying for development get any sort of response. I don't have a problem with developers prioritizing paying customers (I do it with my own Open Source software, as well); but, when someone sends a patch that fixes a bug, at _least_ comment on why you don't want to integrate it or give some guidance on what would make it acceptable for integration. I am beginning to feel like submitting a ticket to the Drupal issue tracker, even with a patch to fix the problem I'm reporting, is a waste of my time. If it were one project or module, this wouldn't be such a big deal; individuals get busy. But, I can't think of any Drupal module or project that I've ever had a good experience reporting issues on. And, if I didn't know that development is still ongoing, and that many new sites are being developed with Drupal, I would assume this extraordinarily poor level of interaction in the tracker was indicative of the impending death of the project.

There is also an academic love of complexity and abstraction in Drupal, almost to the point of absurdity, at times. Every new release introduces vast swaths of new terminology (often used in ways slightly unlike the rest of the industry use the term). Entities, nodes, rules, entity bundles, content types, views, entity references, delta, features, fields, hook, machine name, taxonomy, etc. About half of these do not mean what I would have guessed or are used in subtly different ways from what I would have guessed. And, it's impossible for a casual Drupal developer to stay on top of this stuff; it moves so rapidly, and is so poorly documented, one has to read code. And, there's a _lot_ of code. Somehow, despite all the abstraction, most modules include huge swaths of code, and aren't particularly re-usable. Even very simple functionality seems to require pages of code. It's often more of a pain in the ass to make the re-usable components work in some way that the developers didn't think of than it is to implement from scratch. Partly this is my own shallow knowledge of Drupal, but I see experts building out entirely new modules to address very similar use cases to other modules they've made, so I'm not alone. Somehow, despite WordPress' much uglier code base, I'm generally able to implement stuff more rapidly than in Drupal; and many things that seem really locked down and hard to change in Drupal seem easy in WordPress.

The upgrade path is literally disastrous for non-core modules. One literally can't get from point A (a Drupal 6 site) to point B (a Drupal 7 site) without writing a lot of migration code, unless you're only using the most basic of core functionality. I'm months into a migration from D6 to D7. The new(-ish) Migrate module requires writing code, sometimes significant amounts of it, and is extremely poorly documented (and uses a bunch of its own jargon in confusing ways; the number of contexts in which the word "migration" is used for different purposes makes my head explode), and in-place upgrades don't exist for a large number of modules, including pretty important ones (like Project Issue, the module used by Drupal.org for its own issue tracker...it has no working upgrade path, at all).

I see the benefits that Drupal 8 brings. And, having worked with Drupal 7 for a few months now during this migration, I see that the direction is a positive one. But, I find myself being angry a lot whenever I work with it, because there's so much forward momentum (everything changes! all the time!) but nobody seems to give a shit about bugs, major usability problems, or providing a reasonable upgrade path. Really basic stuff that ought to go without saying, really doesn't in Drupal.

So, it's a real love/hate relationship. Which is true of every CMS I've ever used (and I've used a lot). I have decided to stick with Drupal through at least one more iteration and will launch our Drupal 7 site in a few days (if I'm lucky), but I don't know if I'll ever migrate to Drupal 8.

<comment><USER23> May I suggest taking a strong look at ProcessWire? You only need to deal with fields, templates and pages and all content is in a simple to understand tree hierarchy. I switched to it from WordPress 2.5 years ago and haven't looked back. Great developer community as well.

<comment><USER22> While it looks nice, it isn't in the category of software I would use. I don't need a CMS, per se.

I use Drupal for commerce with subscriptions, support ticket tracking, forums, software license management, and, only peripherally, for content management. So, it's not the "CMS" part of Drupal that matters to me. I need an ecosystem that contains a bunch of functionality that operates reasonably well together. Drupal, for all its warts, does actually have most of the code I need already written. While it's taken me months to migrate to Drupal 7, it would have taken years to implement all of the functionality I need from scratch (our website is not our core competency or what we're selling, it's a tool for supporting our actual products, so I don't have a team...it's just me).

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> Is it possible to create a multiple-level (nested) multisite setup with Drupal?

I am looking for to have a separate site for: example.com/, example.com/a, example.com/b, example.com/a/123, example.com/a/234?

If not drupal, is there an alternative (wordpress plugin?) to achieve the same?

<comment><USER25> This is probably easier to maintain (code wise) using different root folders, but configuring the http output folder within apache or nginx configuration.

<comment><USER26> Yes. Drupal itself is moving away from multisite and toward this kind of setup. Disk space is cheap now. Unless you're talking about literally thousands of sites, and you have the Drupal expertise on your team to manage that kind of setup, use separate root folders.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER27> I work with Drupal 7, and I don't love it. I'm very much looking forward to Drupal 8. The powerful built-in support for building restful looks great.</comment>


Ask HN: How to be found as a technology co-founder? - <AUTHOR> There are tons of articles on the internet about how to find a technology co-founder. I believe, there is another problem that also exists. If you have strong technology skills, but no business connections or experience, it's virtually impossible to be found as a technology co-founder, even if you've got a desire and ambitions. Can anyone suggest an approach, what should one do in such situation? Perhaps there is some matching service (read specialty social network), which helps to address this issue. <comment><USER3> I'm a technical co founder. I'm CTO and the other co founder is CEO. We've been working together for 6 years now. Before that we were aquaintaces at our last job, where we met. I'd never get into the situation I'm in now with someone I didn't know. I also wouldn't do it with my best friend. I dont have any advice to be found, except to meet people and discuss ideas and get a feel for how people are and work.

Non technical co founders, when working properly, have an enormous amount of work to do, often much harder than a technical person, even though it may never involve anything more complex than excel or a web browser.

You need to find someone who you can work with, work through problems with and trust. No small task! I suspect most people find each other by pure luck.

<comment><USER4> My story is incredibly similar to yours. So are my thoughts about it. The only bit I would add is this - never underestimate your work mates, even if they are doing simple jobs. Some people have extremely interesting bio and you will not find out until they throw idea at you - and this is when you might (or might not) be found.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> As someone who is the "technical" co-founder of a two person founding team, I have a hard time imagine being matched with someone. My co-founder and I worked together for 7 years prior to starting our business, and the dividends from those shared experiences has paid out in our ability to not have to deal with so many issues.

As an example, my co-founder is technical, but he's the CEO and is primarily focused on sales & managing our investors. I've written every line of code of our platform since day 0. We've had tons of situations over the last 18 months, since we started this company in earnest, where we've fought and disagreed in significant ways. However, the reps we've built up in communicating with one another have allowed us to move past these issues, without sacrificing the necessary dialogue, but also not harboring resentment or frustration with one another. Starting a company is so frustrating and difficult, I have a hard time imagining a scenario where I could have done it without deeply trusting my co-founder.

All that being said, everyone is unique. You may find you're more than happy to be a technical co-founder with a stranger. But, my primary recommendation would be to find someone in your circle that you trust that you'd want to work with every day for the next decade (which probably isn't too many people).

Wish you all the best!

</comment><comment><USER6> You may not like to hear it since it's not a fast path, but the best way to find a quality cofounder is probably to work in an established startup; especially you start there early and get through its growth stages. You'll not just meet brilliant coworkers, but also ones who specifically thrive in startups; and when that company grows to a certain size, they'll itch for the small startup days again and want to start something themselves.

This path would take you a good few years before you get to cofound your own startup with partners, but it's probably one of the best paths.

</comment><comment><USER7> If you visit [https://www.indiehackers.com/](https://www.indiehackers.com/) or [https://www.reddit.com/r/startups/](https://www.reddit.com/r/startups/) you'll find plenty of people desperate for a technical co-founder.

Whether it's wise to pair with such people is another topic.

<comment><USER8> As a developer, I would be extremely hesitant to partner with someone unless they 1) either had deep domain experience and/or had already made sales of the concept, and 2) had worked with technical folks before.

<comment><USER9> Your suspicion is well-founded. Here are some thoughts on this topic--I wrote an entire blog post on it:

[http://www.davidralbrecht.com/notes/2018/06/primus-inter- par...](http://www.davidralbrecht.com/notes/2018/06/primus-inter-pares.html)

<comment><USER10> _The other model I 've seen work is primus inter pares: first among equals. Many professional services firms (law, accounting, architecture) operate this way: a group of partners with one manager/leader whose decisions are final. This model acknowledges that a group needs an identified final decision-maker, but major decisions cannot be taken without support of the broader group._

This is interesting proposal but I think the ambiguity, fast changing environment, need for making regular 'leaps of faith' in startup environment is very different than the traditional centuries old business practices of accounting, architectural firm, where 'primus inter pares' is working well.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> I'll share my personal story - maybe it will help.

I'm a technical guy, always wanted to start my own company. 6 years ago I finally got my green card and started looking for a "business" co-founder. Months went by, nothing happened. As many commented, it's usually not a good idea to found a company with somebody who you have not known for at least a few years.

Finally I decided to just go for it and learn "sales" myself. After achieving some moderate success these business people started to knock on my door. Finally I brought a "co-founder" for less than 10% equity. It really helped long term to make sure we had a tie-breaker during disagreements.

6 years later it's a 60 person, multi-million-a-year SaaS company.

<comment><USER12> Could you elaborate a bit on how you learned sales by your self? Did you just start cold calling? I have no experience in this kind of thing what so ever and I think advice from someone with a similar background who has done it would be helpful.

<comment><USER13> I don't mean to be flippat, but what is there to learn? Certainly there are tips and tricks, and salepeople do possess unique talents. But what is so complicated about calling up potential customers and talking about how your product solves a problem you have?

I think the first step is demystifying it. If you wanted to learn a new programming language, you would just "do it": read books, read about the language, practice writing code, etc.

<comment><USER14> Your phone call will be answered by a person who has no decision making authority. You will need to ask for someone else, and you will need whom to ask. You will also need to know which companies to call. The calling itself maybe not that complicated, but the prep work is arduous. And then you don't start with "buy my software" you start with "Problem X is a real drag, don't you wish it went away?". A lot goes into it.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> "How to be found" sounds super passive to me. You have to make things happen, one way or another.

<comment><USER16> Word.

</comment></comment><comment><USER17> You need to network.

Unfortunately, networking means talking to a lot of people not like you, and giving a lot of yourself freely, which to a maker feels like both exploitation and a water of time.

Gotta kiss 99 frogs, and suddenly, frog number 18 called a friend and said friend turns into frog 100 that's actually a match.

This is fundamentally alien to makers, and wish I had been able to learn this in my 20s or 30s, but I honestly don't know how I could have been receptive at the time. (Now I'm receptive, just not very good at it.)

<comment><USER18> This worked for me - sure it took three years until I met the right person; but you need to put the hours into meeting people.

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> There're accelerators that take in applicants pre-idea, pre-team pioneered by Entrepreneur First([https://www.joinef.com/](https://www.joinef.com/)) from the UK. The cohort size is about 100, and the founders come from diverse industries and backgrounds. It vastly increases the odds of finding a co- founder - a person who has complementary skills, is committed, and wants to start the company at the same time. Though the thought of starting a company with a stranger can be hard to fathom, you have 3 months to test out the working relationship with different people before committing.

Disclaimer: I found my co-founder from the EF program and completed the program.

<comment><USER20> I'm currently in the process of applying for EF and have an interview in two weeks. How would you say you've found the process and would you say it was overall a positive experience?

<comment><USER19> Overall it is positive. Be mentally prepared, the percentage that eventually make it to demo day is not high. I came to EF to look for my co-founder. The quality of the cohort is phenomenal(on paper that is), albeit most are first time founders. There are researchers, engineers and domain experts all coming from diverse industries/fields. As the cohort size is so big, there are many possibilities. They will not so gently nudge you towards forming a team with complementary strengths and great fit to the problem. The scary part - <USER2> you look at teams that present on demo day, they look like a team tailor-made for the problem. What is the probability of that happening organically in the wild? Go for it, just the friendships cultivated with the cohort of great people is worth it.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> The only successful technical/non-technical cofounder pair I've ever been a part of (as the technical half!) came out of a weekly meetup, and among folks in similar-stage startups I've heard variations on that theme (met at a conference, a meetup, a SIG, whatever) many, many times. Finding a co-founder is, in so many ways, like finding a partner — and, weirdly, you'll probably find one the same way.

The time-tested rule of common interests and alcohol (in this case: conferences and meetups!) applies here as well.

</comment><comment><USER22> Why not start solo?

You can found a 1 man SaaS app... burn is halfed, and your code per day rate is about the same as a pair with a business guy.

If you find business lacking down the road, you are in a position of power to pull someone in.

<comment><USER23> I could crank out a SaaS product or whatever pretty confidently, but without a marketing/sales expert I'd be spitting in the wind.

<comment><USER24> Marketing and sales can be learned. Seriously. As long as you are able to _validate that people have this problem_ and solve it in a way that makes sense the rest can be googled. If it kicks off, you can hire people with expertise to help.

Along the way for sales you'll have to learn how to put yourself out there, which can be challenging (it was for me). But its like speaking in front of people. If you do it enough times you learn to get by.

If your a founder, regardless of whether you the "tech person" or not, you'll probably have to learn all of this anyway.

Id second the "dont do it alone" part if its a full-time startup. Its tough going and having someone to share the burden in incredibly helpful.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> (This post is meant to be frank and only slightly provocative...)

As a builder of a company for more than a decade (a lifestyle, not Start-Up (VC-fuelled)), the hard part about starting up is NOT the tech.

You might be a really good developer, but that definitely does not translate into being a good CTO. Most common problem is being bogged down by technical perfection and rewriting until the company dies. (I have seen that happen at least ten times with companies in my network)

A CTO is a "chief officer", i.e. his/her focus should be on the survival and growth of the company. That means choosing how to act in an environment, where there is always to little money and too little time and past decisions unfortunate to fix-up..

Add to that, that when the company grows, you need to heard cats as a lot of devs are not really good at negotiating technical matters as equals..

I must admit that for me the "no business experience" would be a dealbreaker for a CTO... Balancing the liquidity versus total cost is one of the hardest problems I have ever encountered... (and that is going to be your problem even if you get a big tank of jetfuel (VC-money), the burnrate will probably still kill you if unmanaged).

Add to that, that your business partner is going to be the most influential person in your life (even more than your spouse likely), just getting "matched" is not that easy.

A family member of mine bought 50% of a company (not IT) and the other part stayed there as CTO (he was the sole owner and CEO before). The ended up almost-hating each other but being forced to stay together for most of another decade (due to both having a lot of skin in the game). The day the sold the company was the second last day they ever talked, the day the signed the final corporate report for that year was the last...

Notice neither was a bad person, they we just badly matched (personality wise, skill wise, vision wise...) and entered something they should have stayed out of.. It didn't help that both had invested their whole livelihood in the deal..

So to recap: \- to enter a co-owner/founder role, you really need to know the other person, like the other person and trust the other person as much as a family member... Otherwise you are likely doomed or unhappy for a lot of your immediate future

\- being a CTO (especially as co-founder) is a vastly different that just being a dev with better salary and the final say.

\- experience matters

\- so does 10+ years of preparation to your "overnight success".

\- business is hard, most fail...

</comment><comment><USER14> Look for well-connected or very visible people and do software things for them. Next time someone asks them about a guy who's good with X you will be on top of their mind, provided you tell them you are good with X. Worked for me.

</comment><comment><USER26> Become active in your local startup community. Participate in hackathons. Join Entrepreneurial Centers. Attend startup-related local activities. Participate in the STARTUPBUS! Create your own networking. Put yourself out there and let others know you are interested in opportunities.

</comment><comment><USER27> No one has mentioned Loom ( [https://loom.co](https://loom.co) ), so I'll throw it out there. Its a freelancing platform that allows users to "pay with equity" as well as cash. Disclaimer: I haven't tried it, just remember seeing it on Product Hunt.

</comment><comment><USER28> First of all, there is nothing special about being a (co-)founder. The only essential difference between a founder and an employee is that the former are willing to forego solid salary and accept extra levels of work and stress in the hopes that they will make up for it down the line in a much bigger payout. For a success of a company it is important which people perform various roles, and not how they're paid for it.

Therefore, the way to be "found" as a co-founder (technical or not) is in fact all about finding the right product you are willing to be a co-founder for, rather than "just" an employee. This is crucial, because if you don't truly believe in the product it will simply not be worth the effort.

</comment><comment><USER29> I'm looking for a technical partner. I think there's no secret recipe, but I especially like the answers below that suggest to be methodical about finding people and assume most won't work out due to life circumstances, timing, not liking each other, and more.

I also have gotten some good traction from writing this post: [https://blog.usejournal.com/im-looking-for-a-technical- partn...](https://blog.usejournal.com/im-looking-for-a-technical-partner-cto- vp-of-engineering-cofounder-chief-hacker-or-whatever-6f5e8c63fc46), maybe you want to do something similar in the inverse?

</comment><comment><USER30> To answer question directly: Angel.co has a few folks and I've connected with at least one person on there who I really like.

More broadly: Plenty of non-technical founders out there - I think the important thing to determine is what areas are weakest for you? Example: for me, my weakness is coding, then finance. I can do those things myself but I'm slow. Ergo I work best with hardcore engineers, I don't mind if they are a bit slow on the "soft" side of things.

Source: am a sales guy with a technical background, so the "people" side is something i have a lot of exposure to

</comment><comment><USER31> Assuming your username on HN is the same across social media platforms, you should make it easier for folks to contact you. i.e. do not require folks to know your email address to reach out via LinkedIn. It may be annoying to get random invites, but you never know where interesting opportunities might come from.

</comment><comment><USER32> I am a non-technical co-founder who after a year of building product, has acidentally become a full time software engineer (as our product was horrendously complicated - not always a good thing). Now I am going back to doing biz dev and market development.

At the begining, I literally crawled, begged and did anything and everything under the sun to convince technical people to join me. The waterfall looked like this:

\- Say I contacted through events/linkedin/accelerators/friend-of- friends/facebook/CS-professors about 100 people (number was definitely larger than this)

\- Something like 50 even bothered replying

\- Something like 20 bothered having lunch with me

\- Something like 10 sat down for a second meeting to look at whatever code I already had

\- 5 I had maybe a week of work done together closely, discussed the challenges and arrangements closely etc.

\- It didn't work out with 4 of them for various reasons - simply didn't click in some way

\- 1 eventually quit their job and saved my ass. We are all full time now though of course.

When I was presenting to technical people, I had a friend doing a PhD in CS who cant quit his PhD but wrote some serious c++ code (as our work dealt with large matrices) while I wrote a web python backend to serve the cpp code. And I had a deep background in industrial engineering and finance. So I think the 50 evaluated our work and bothered replying took a reasonable guess that my chops were "not bad".

Then 6 months later it was intern season and I did the same thing again. Then I did the same thing to get funding. Then to get customers. Getting full time staff that is proverbially "ninjas" is even harder than getting investors or customers. One is committing their lives to you and another is just a procedural budget decision. Then it follows that it should be even harder for someone to co-found something with you.

After a while I started using a CRM and a systematic funneling for everything that has a 80%+ fall off rate. Which is literally everything in a startup, from newsletter opens to fundraising to good interns.

You should do all the things adviced in this thread, then assume that if there is an 80% to 90% fall off, how many of them you should do (more accurately: NEED TO DO) on a per week basis to hit your final target. Because of the last 10% who didn't fall off, you still have to reject the 9% who you can't work with, don't like the business idea personally, don't think it is a viable idea etc. If you use an accelerator's services to shortcut the process above, remember you have to pay them 6% to 8% of your eventual company and its 50-50 whether they can perform the search service well - so its cost is approximately 3% to 4% of equity.

Good luck!

<comment><USER14> Which CRM are you using?

<comment><USER32> I was talking about it in a proverbial manner - that the search for a co- founder would have to be methodical and systematic akin to sales. It can be excel, airtable, hubspot etc.

<comment><USER14> Bummer. I've been contemplating a... connection management(?) system. Something tuned to keeping track of my connections. Linkedin lists what people think of themselves, not what I think of them.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER33> There are meetups designed for this (finding cofounders), and in my experience, they skew heavily toward non-technical people who are looking for technical cofounder. I'm in the Palo Alto area, so it's possible YMMV.

</comment><comment><USER34> Demonstrate strong skills and experience in building successful teams and products. Bonus points to have experience in fundraising. Hiring is hard. Let the VP E figure out the architecture and development incidentals.

</comment><comment><USER35> Another path:

Be a sole-founder. Learn whatever "business" skills on demand. If you can learn programing, what else you can't learn?

It's more possible than ever for a sole technical person to build meaningful business from ground up.

Think in a different way: what if a "business" person can't find a technical cofounder? Can the business person pick up programming skills as fast as a technical person picks up "business" skills?

What kind of "business" skills do you need? Talking? Writing English? Marketing? Sales? It's 2018. There are tons of resources online that you can use to learn these things.

Go to www.indiehackers.com to learn some inspiring stories. Be confident.

<comment><USER36> > What kind of "business" skills do you need?

Pre-existing connections in the entrenched industry you're trying to break into? A rolodex of "people who went on to be potential channel partners" you met while doing your Harvard MBA?

<comment><USER17> This is so true! It sounds like a caricature, but it really isn't.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER37> imho if you're involved in your startup community and work on fun side- projects, you'll either find someone or someone will find you through friends of friends.

</comment><comment><USER38> I've just found you. Take a look at my profile if you wanna reach me.

As a founder, you don't to be found. You need to find people and solve problems.

</comment><comment><USER39> Become a founder. If idea/product is valuable - founders will flock to you begging to become co-founder.

</comment><comment><USER40> Real life is not a set intersection problem. You need to put yourself out there.</comment>


Show HN: Chrome extension to screen record solving project euler/codewars probs - <AUTHOR> https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/brainswole-recorder/jelhidhkljiionbmmdbengnnbghaifip <comment><AUTHOR> OP here

When solving a project euler or codewars problem, record your screen and audio while voicing your thought process and solution to the problem. When finished, a title and description should be automated, and upload to your youtube channel, or save it to disk.

I look to add a function to: _automate creating a thumbnail_ sitting on top of other educational sites _polish the audio input_ group similar problems in a playlist

FYI - this is my first attempt of releasing a product by myself, so I apologize for any n00bs mistakes :)</comment>


Should Math Be a Prerequisite for Programming? - <AUTHOR> https://www.linux.com/blog/should-math-be-prerequisite-programming <comment><USER2> Carol Smith seems to have confused "math" with "whatever's covered in math 101/103 and some particular place".

Calling for "mathematics to not be a pre-requisite to programming is like calling for mathematics to not be a pre-requisite for trigonometry. Programming is constructing and manipulating syntactic objects. Programming is, literally and unambiguously, "doing math". They are not separable activities.

Aside from which, elementary algebra is actually extremely important stuff for any programmer to understand. We're not talking group theory, we're talking knowing the difference between a graph of x vs. a graph of x^2 vs. a graph of 2^x. How to manipulate conjunctions and disjunctions and implications. I can't imagine programming anything particularly useful without knowing that sort of stuff. Which doesn't mean that formal elementary algebra is a reasonable pre- requisite _course_ , but it really _is_ pre-requisite _knowledge_.

<comment><USER3> > Programming is, literally and unambiguously, "doing math". They are not > separable activities.

Notably the authors of SICP, no mathematical slouches, would disagree with you, in the first few pages they explain the difference between using symbols to mean _what_ from symbols used to mean _how_.

<comment><USER4> Even if I didn't disagree with that statement, won't having only the knowledge of _how_ and no knowledge of _what_ leave you in a bad place when you move on to non-trivial problems?

<comment><USER3> I wrote a complicated reply, then deleted it.

I think it resolves to this: having formal descriptions for _what_ matters a great deal in defining limits and algorithms resolving into calculation. That is important because you could waste your time. We see creatures in nature like Julia Galef's Sphex which follow simple algorithms but because they don't understand their terminal goal they cannot alter a suddenly ineffective algorithm. Clearly understanding limits has the capacity to limit stupidity.

However we also know that practically many non-trivial problems are solved before we can put them into a mathematical framework. It applies to Geoffrey Hinton and the neutral network's effectiveness with a small number of layers. According to many mathematicians that should have been implausible and Hinton was toiling in barren fields and yet today we see it works. So the limit existed in their model rather than reality. Physical examples of the same phenomenon include useful atomic power and heavier than air powered flight.

Sometimes the theory leads the practice. Other times the practice outstrips the theory. So in answer to your question, I wouldn't have much confidence either way.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I'm surprised people don't really think about this in the opposite direction - that programming can be used to help understand math better. How many people have gotten along better with linear algebra and calculus by virtue of messing around in a game engine? Having to actually apply math knowledge to solving problems - some applicable context - works wonders for cementing and fertilizing that knowledge.

Many a student thinks to themselves in a math class: _" Man, I'll never use this."_ When you actually need the math, suddenly you have this "oh shit" moment and you step into gear.

</comment><comment><USER6> If programming = "The ability to program a computer to do something aka giving instruction to a machine" then you don't need math.

If programming = "The ability to solve problems by modelling them as computational problems and coming up with the solution aka algorithm and then using computer to solve the problem". Then you do need math.

Remember, you can be a good mechanic without being an engineer but there will always be the ceiling of mechanic that you cannot cross.

</comment><comment><USER7> I'm not sure that the Calc 1/2/3 sequence that tends to be a typical requirement for university CS programs is really anything more than a fairly inefficient bozo filter.

I remember wasting a lot of time learning algebraic and geometric identities that I never ended up using for anything more than rearranging and simplifying nonsense equations.

<comment><USER8> I have a wallpaper app where you can see which wallpapers are popular. One problem in determining popularity is I continually add new wallpapers. If each download has the same score, then a wallpaper from three years ago that people download once a week will be shown for some time before a newer wallpaper that people download every day. Also, as the wallpapers appearing high on the popular tab have a higher chance of being downloaded, it becomes a self- reinforcing loop, cementing the place of the old wallpapers.

My solution for this was exponential decay. Newer downloads get a higher score than older downloads. The older the download, the lower the score. Now I have a better chance of seeing what's popular no matter when it was added.

This is not the most complex practical problem in the world and the solution is straight out of Calc 2.</comment></comment>


Ask HN: Options for distributed peer-to-peer image datasets? - <AUTHOR> I want to start an image dataset that has wide uses and can solve some unsolved problems.
Requirements:
#1 I need others to contribute personal photos and videos.
#2 Since the number and file sizes of relevant photos and videos is likely to be quite high, I think an architecture where photos/videos and their annotations are all stored in their own local machines is better than expecting people to upload GBs of data to some central location.
#3 I'd like contributors to always retain access control of their photos and videos - they can revoke subsets of their files from the dataset at any point.
#4 It'll probably also require creating an annotation solution that can distribute annotation tasks to volunteers, but the photos and videos still remain on local machines and only temporary copies with limited access may get uploaded centrally until annotated and then get deleted.
Questions:
Does some software to do all this - or some of it - already exist? If not, is something like IPFS a good enough storage solution for these requirements? Any other suggestions?
I'm not concerned about issues with distributed learning/compute for now. If the dataset is good enough, eventually some solution will probably emerge. <comment><USER2> > _#3 I 'd like contributors to always retain access control of their photos > and videos - they can revoke subsets of their files from the dataset at any > point._

I don't understand. If the dataset can be used by other people (you, the owner, and other people) then you can't force everyone to delete the photos. They can pretend that they deleted the photos and avoid using them publicly from this time. This is similar to the API in Tweeter that make you pinky promise to delete the deleted tweets. But there is no delete button in the Internet, only a hide button.

<comment><AUTHOR> The access control is non-negotiable. Compute solutions will have to be distributed in a way that they can work with it. For example, first few layers of a neural network can be computed locally on contributor machines and transfer only the results of the calculations.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> Perhaps you can do something with the dat:// protocol?

<comment><AUTHOR> Hadn't heard of it before, but its goals sound like it could help me with my problem. Thank you very much for telling me about dat!</comment></comment>


8 Essential Skills They Didn't Teach You In School - <AUTHOR> http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifestyle/8-essential-skills-they-didnt-teach-you-in-school.html

<comment><USER2> I read some of the stuff on this list but having someone recommend Donald Trump sets off alarm bells. But I am willing to be proven wrong. Anyone else concur with the selection of Art of the Deal?

<comment><USER3> What are the good books on negotiation?

I previewed the Trump book and it looked like most stories and musings more than technical explanation.

<comment><AUTHOR> I've seen Nivi from VentureHacks mention "Bargaining for Advantage" a couple of times - more notable occasion was as this book review: <http://venturehacks.com/articles/bargaining-for-advantage>

It's quite high up on my current list of "Books to read".

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> Maybe because those things are taught better from life?</comment>


Linus Torvalds became US citizen - <AUTHOR> http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1034808/focus=1035455 <comment><USER3> I'm sick of all these low-wage foreign workers stealing our precious jobs.

<comment><USER4> Dude, Linus Torvalds is not a low-wage foreign worker. He has done more to provide you with a job than you have done to get yourself a job.

Opensource softwares have helped the US economy because lots of today's internet giants like Google benefitted from the use of opensource tools. They are paying taxes and employing Americans, ain't they. Linus Torvalds is synomymous with opensource.

Mr America, if i might ask, what have you done to provide a job for yourself, because if you can't even provide a job for yourself, how do you provide for others.

Make yourself competitive, read more and stay away from TV etc and you will soon land a job.

<comment><USER5> Before you ask, you've been downvoted for failing to grasp irony.

<comment><USER6> One more thing to consider for any other europeans thinking of moving to America:

1, they don't understand irony

2, they carry guns

<comment><USER7> Ah, I think I see the problem. We call that "sarcasm". Quite a lot of us get that just fine, though of course the internet can always turn up at least one person who doesn't. "Irony" is reserved for events that are only ironic in the light of other events; death by drowning isn't "ironic" until it happens to a swimming instructor, for instance. You can't really _say_ something ironic, it has to _happen_. (And if you say something ironic it is a description of a thing that happened.)

<comment><USER8> This is, in part, incorrect. "Irony" is in its original (from Ancient Greek) and primary usage a rhetorical form -- in other words, something intentionally used by a speaker. Experts disagree on whether "verbal irony" and "sarcasm" are the same thing -- sarcasm might require a kind of sharp, biting tone. But the original comment is certainly ironic.

A situation like your drowning example is also irony; sometimes to be explicitly this is called "situational irony" as opposed to "verbal irony."

I apologize for being pedantic; mostly I just wanted a justified link to Silva Rhetoricae: <http://rhetoric.byu.edu/figures/I/irony.htm> (but see also <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irony>).

<comment><USER7> Allow me to be pedantic right back. I did not say "sarcasm _is_ ". I said "we _call_ that sarcasm". It's not really to label a _description_ of how a word is used as "incorrect" and use a _proscription_ as evidence. My fourth sentence was a bit regrettably absolutely phrased but the context of my statement should be set by then.

I don't even care if that's true of all of us Americans, it's true of enough. (The idea that Americans don't get "sarcasm" is very foreign to me; oh, I certainly know _people_ who don't get it but we seem a fairly sarcastic culture to me.)

<comment><USER8> Okay. I think those sources are descriptive, but to be sure, here is the American Heritage Dictionary (<http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/irony>), an explicitly descriptive dictionary about American usage. It seems to agree with the other sources that irony can be and is often used in this case.

On the other hand, one can reasonably believe that every dictionary is, by its nature as a reference book, primarily prescriptive (and proscriptive) and therefore cannot be reliably descriptive. If so, then it seems we do have to go only with personal observations.

In terms of personal observations, I agree with you that many Americans I know would use "sarcasm" in this case and not use "irony." I think I (along with many other Americans, maybe fewer than the other group?) would use "irony" and probably not use "sarcasm" because it doesn't have that particular, hard-to- miss sarcastic tone of voice.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> A quick check of Wikipedia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law#Dual_ci...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law#Dual_citizenship)) seems to indicate that he's still a Finn, since Finland permits dual citizenship.

The USA ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_nationality_law#D...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_nationality_law#Dual_citizenship)) seems to permit it, too.

Of course I can't know if Mr Torvalds has done anything in particular to _only_ be a US citizen, but at least that doesn't seem to be the default.

<comment><USER10> That's interesting. I've heard that dual citizenship wasn't exactly liked by the US government. I was under the impression that US citizens that move to other countries had to renounce their US citizenship before becoming citizen of the other country.

<comment><USER11> <http://www.richw.org/dualcit/faq.html#noway>

Struck down by the courts a very long time ago.

<comment><USER12> Read that more carefully: "The Supreme Court chose to leave in place the requirement that new citizens must renounce their old citizenship during US naturalization." Presumably, Linus was naturalized, rather than having a claim to United States citizenship from birth.

<comment><USER11> I did read it more carefully. The next sentence says essentially says that that has no effect (in the vast majority of cases), because other countries don't recognize it as renouncing citizenship. It's essentially ceremonial.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> Countries are such an old-school concept somehow.

EDIT: Downvotes? Come on. Especially today, especially in our world of modern technology, physical location is less important than ever before. Where's the sci-fi novel where they abolished countries after they found out we all live on a tiny planet orbiting one of a billion stars?

<comment><USER6> Welcome to Europe. 500 years ago it was mostly principalities and city states, tried empires for a while, then we had countries for a few 100 years - now we are trying to abolish them again. It's very much a British (actually English) idea that countries are eternal and inviolate.

IIRC Singapore and a bunch of other high tech SE Asian countries essentially did the same thing. Anybody with a high tech qualification, eg a CS degree, could live and work in any of the club no questions asked.

<comment><USER14> > It's very much a British (actually English) idea that countries are eternal > and inviolate.

France is pretty nationalistic too, no? They're one of the harshest countries in Europe in terms of minority languages, if I recall correctly.

<comment><USER6> But only since about 1880. Before that 'France' was only about 20% of the country and only about 20% spoke French.

There was a huge effort to create a single nation, similar to the unification of Germany and Italy around the same time.

Their attitude to the language rather shows that - nobody in England thinks English needs 'protecting'.

<comment><USER15> English is 'open source', French is 'the cathedral'.

It shows in their proliferation patterns too.

<comment><USER6> Whats the quote?

Other languages borrow foreign words - English lures them into dark alleys and goes through their pockets for any grammer they might have.

<comment><USER16> The original quote is:

 _The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse whore. We don't just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and riffle_ [sic] _their pockets for new vocabulary._

ref: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Nicoll>

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER17> I'll guess he originally came in on an EB2(C) visa, which is for people of exceptional ability in their field who the US will allow in, regardless of whether or not they have a specific job offer.

This means that, until he became a citizen, he'd immigration status in the US would have been: "exceptional alien".

That's not a status i'd give up easily. :)

<comment><USER18> Is there also an expedited path to citizenship for "exceptional alien" ?

I was reading an article today about an Indian nanny who saved the life of a 2 year old Israeli boy during the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

Israel honored her by granting her honorary citizenship and temporary residency in Israel.

Link : [http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/14/israel.mumbai....](http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/14/israel.mumbai.nanny/index.html?hpt=C2)

<comment><USER19> N.B.: Indian citizens cannot be dual nationals: if they accept citizenship or a passport from another country, they lose their Indian citizenship. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_nationality_law#Automati...](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_nationality_law#Automatic_Termination_of_Indian_citizenship)) I assume this is why the nanny's Israeli citizenship is only "honorary".

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> Even more interesting, he's interested in the latency work that Desnoyers was working on last week.

</comment><comment><USER21> Now he'll never get rid of US taxes.

<comment><USER22> Yep. U.S. citizens get the benefit of their worldwide income being taxed.

<comment><USER23> Only income above the equivalent of $80,000.

<comment><USER24> It's now up to $91,400 ([http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/international/article/0,...](http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/international/article/0,,id=97130,00.html)).

Plus if your income is in, say, Europe, it's effectively all excluded, because you can offset the European taxes (which are usually higher) one-for-one against U.S. taxes, ending up owing nothing.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> Not to be all nationalistic or anything (and it's been said before), but it _is_ interesting that people seem to immigrate to the U.S. far more than they emigrate from it.

<comment><USER26> I think not learning a second language has a lot to do with it. It's easy for most Europeans to pick up another language since they've already mastered a foreign language or two (including English).

But it's much harder for someone from the US to move to central Europe, aside from the UK and some enclaves that speak English.

<comment><USER27> That is certainly part of it. But I also think some other countries do a worse job welcoming immigrants. Japan notoriously so. Is it easy to become a citizen of China or India if you want to "outsource yourself"? The EU gives essentially a free migration pass to all member countries, but how is it coming from outside of Europe?

Any of you hackers care to comment on the situation in your nation of origin, or the one where you live?

<comment><USER24> I'm an American in the process of getting a Danish work permit, and it's easy so far, but they seem to have a special fast-track category for "researchers", and a Danish university is sponsoring me. I assume I couldn't just move there on my own. On the other hand, Linus also fits a fairly easy profile, so could probably get a work permit almost anywhere (highly educated and internationally famous engineer with steady employment).

Getting Danish citizenship, though, is notoriously difficult, and among other requirements, they require you to renounce any other citizenships (unlike the U.S., they actually enforce this requirement). Many foreigners, as a result, live in Malmö, Sweden and commute to Copenhagen (it's about a 30-minute train ride over the bridge/tunnel), since Sweden's citizenship laws are more lax, and once you have EU citizenship you're essentially good anywhere in the EU.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER28> Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship

<http://travel.state.gov/law/citizenship/citizenship_776.html>

<comment><USER21> I wonder what happens if you want your U.S. citizenship back (not reversing the renunciation).

</comment></comment><comment><USER29> This makes me proud :)

<comment> mike-cardwell What of exactly?

<comment><USER30> The USA, for being appealing enough to make Linus want to (first) move here and (now) take on citizenship, instead of just telnetting from Finland - <USER2> anywhere else on the planet he might have liked better.

<comment><USER6> Or being so inflexible with regard to immigration that the only way to work there without facing immediate deportation if you change jobs is to become a citizen.

I can live and work permanently in 27 countries (including Finland) without having to change nationality.

<comment><USER26> I'm pretty sure it's 30. I have an Icelandic citizenship (Iceland is one of the 30 in the EEA), and I'm working freely in one of the 27 EU countries currently.

All I had to do after I moves was to register with the local city authorities to indicate that I had moved there, and provide documentation proving that I had a job so that they knew they didn't have to put me on social security.

One might also make the counterpoint that while we can move between 30 states in the EEA US citizens can move between 50 states in their union, and their superstate comprises almost twice the surface area of the EU.

<comment><USER6> There are some differences, a US friend of mine did law in the UK which meant she could work anywhere from Finland to Greece. But when she passed the New York bar she couldn't work in New Jersey.

<comment><USER31> No. She could 'work in law' in the same way in New Jersey as she could in Greece - as a 'jurist' or 'company lawyer', but not initiate court proceeding. Being admitted to the bar in one Member State does not automatically mean admittance to the bar in another Member State, nor does it even mean that one is eligible to just take the bar exam in that other Member State (although this last part is under proceedings before the European Court for restricting movement of persons within the Union.

In contrast, one doesn't even need a law school degree to be able to take the bar exam in any US state. (admittedly it's almost impossible to pass without one).

<comment><USER25> > one doesn't even need a law school degree to be able to take the bar exam in > any US state

Not quite: In a number of US states, a prerequisite to taking the bar exam is either graduation from an ABA-accredited law school, or a foreign law degree with additional training in a U.S. school. See Chart III at [http://www.ncbex.org/fileadmin/mediafiles/downloads/Comp_Gui...](http://www.ncbex.org/fileadmin/mediafiles/downloads/Comp_Guide/CompGuide_2010.pdf#page=22) and the supplemental remarks afterwards, also Chart X.

<comment><USER31> I stand corrected, thank you.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER32> up voted for irony and funny comments.</comment>


Ask HN: Can anyone help me here?  - <AUTHOR>

I got accepted to the MakeGamesWithUs summer internship in San Fran but I don't have a place to stay and I don't know anyone out there. I'm from the midwest. Being 17 kind of makes my situation a little tougher. I really want to go to the internship but finding a place to stay is my problem. I plan to be there for 4-6 weeks which makes my problem even bigger because I don't know if anyone will allow me to stay with them for that long.<p>If anyone can help me, please let me know. I'm sort of desperate. I need to know by June 5th. <comment><USER2> Can you give us more details? I might be able to help

<comment><AUTHOR> My internship is from June 17th to July 22nd at MakeGamesWithUs in San Francisco. It's located in SOMA. I'm 17, from the midwest, African American. Not sure what else to say.

<comment><USER2> Are you looking for free housing or what's your budget?

<comment><AUTHOR> I don't have to big of a budget. I don't have a lot of money so it either free house or something around $850 which I know will be impossible to find.

<comment><USER3> I live in the East Bay, I pay rent like that. If you consider adding a 30 minute public transportation commute to your life for 6 weeks, the rest will be really easy.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> You might get more hits if you update the title to indicate room needed in SF. "Help me" is extremely generic.

<comment><USER5> The actual dates you'll be staying might also be helpful.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> I might have a place to stay. Email me.

<comment><AUTHOR> Email sent.</comment></comment>


Any company using Vue.js? Are you hiring? - <AUTHOR> <comment><USER2> Is gluing front end together really what you want to build your career around?

I would think that what the font end is for would be more important that the technology powering it.

I would look for a job in an industry you find intresting rather than a job that uses a tool you know.

<comment><USER3> I wish frontend work were as easy as gluing things together. My life would be so much easier.

I built the entire stack for my current project and the frontend (Angular/Ionic) has taken the most work.

<comment><USER4> It really depends on how great of a UX you want to provide. Create an extremely efficient backed whilst creating a terrible frontend will get users frustrated but having an awesome frontend and a measly backend probably won't. If you're developing full stack, you have to count every attack vector and try to prevent them. Full stack is serious work, but having a backend that can defend and is efficient and a frontend that is easy/good to use takes work.

<comment><USER3> I agree. Also in this particular case, an added challenge is that the frontend has to work offline and my customer wants to self host everything instead of using an easy 3rd party solutions like Firebase, even as a proxy.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Gitlab uses vue.js and is hiring : [https://about.gitlab.com/jobs/frontend- lead/](https://about.gitlab.com/jobs/frontend-lead/)

(I am not affiliated with Gitlab)

<comment><USER6> Nice! And they are also full remote, aren't? I guess I'll improve my vue-fu. But React is so mich better that I don't feel the pain is worth.

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> If you're a new grad, we just started using Vue and you can be a prime influencer in it's direction:

[https://boards.greenhouse.io/catalant/jobs/534116](https://boards.greenhouse.io/catalant/jobs/534116)

</comment><comment><USER8> If you are interested work in Shanghai, you may checkout the company I'm currently working for [https://github.com/elemefe](https://github.com/elemefe) .

</comment><comment><USER9> GitLab: [https://about.gitlab.com/2017/02/06/vue-big- plan/](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/02/06/vue-big-plan/)

</comment><comment><USER10> We're hiring at Momentum and use Vue: [https://momentumdash.com/careers](https://momentumdash.com/careers)

</comment><comment><USER11> HungryUp (hungryup.co) is hiring and will use VueJS in a project. But it's in France (Paris).

</comment><comment><USER12> On an unrelated note. Any company doing 'Technical Documentation?' Are you hiring?</comment>


Epic, The Privacy Browser - <AUTHOR> http://epicbrowser.com/ <comment><USER2> WTF??? Guys, wake up! If it is not open source, it does not protect your privacy. Period. We see how other companies got coerced into breaking privacy for some dollars. The company-driven closed source development is flawed as long as we grant governments this power.

What we need is not yet another startup that tries to make money on our private data (yeah, read Epic's FAQ how they make money). We need a stack of hardware and software you can easily trust. My dream is to use a computer that is produced on an open design by one of hundreds of fabs that would call out a competitor that puts backdoors into the chips to boost their own reputation. My dream is a software stack that is completely signed by tons of trustful developers with the possibility to easily add my signature after bit- reproducibly compiling code I checked. If this comes true, people will identify easier the packages that were developed by companies only and find ways to replace them for a trustworthy stack.

Open source apps distributed via Android market for example are closed source apps compiled by the developer from code he maybe shared and that was possibly modified by google running on video-audio-multi-sensor-bugs with several agencies having a direct wire to them. If you still use windows, your PC is not better than that. Think about it. Thanks to Snowden we can finally talk about these issues without a single person calling us paranoid.

<comment><USER3> Epic is open source...anyone who wants our source code, just write us!! Sorry we've been struggling to get the product ready and hadn't prepared to release all the code yet but will do it fast. Chromium is a huge code base & we're a small team so we hadn't gotten to it yet.

We don't make any money from anyone's private data or any data (period). We make revenues at this point exclusively from searches you do via our private search engine & always protect your searches' privacy.

Thanks for other ideas...others can comment...

<comment><USER4> GitHub. Just make a GitHub repo.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I still can't figure out why my browsing data being sold is objectively a bad thing. I don't see how it makes my day-to-day worse in any way. There are plenty of smart people who feel that it's bad, so maybe I'm just missing something, and I'm open to sound logic that convinces me that it's going to make my life worse.

Also, the example they make at the bottom asking the reader to imagine hundreds of people following them around and watching their every move is a bit disingenuous. It's more like a handful of people following millions. At that point in time, you're not much more than a data point.

<comment><USER6> Because it it gives companies advantage over you.

For example banks and insurance companies want to know everything possible about you. So do potential employers. Profiling people and putting them into categories and calculating their risk profiles makes their position weaker.

For example: Google "lump in the testicles" and browse medical sites. Then wait one week and try to get mortgage or insurance.

<comment><USER7> Except companies like Mozilla and Google (even Microsoft) don't give that data to those companies, and have no incentive to do so. Indeed, to a company like Google that would be corporate suicide as it would undermine their main source of revenue. Google's money comes from being a middle man, they want to keep their competitive advantage (your data to target ads) secret more than you do.

So your scenario doesn't exist.

<comment><USER8> 1) "Google [...] doesn't give that data to those companies". What about selling that data? That's in line with what you call "being a middle man" I think.

2) "[they] have no incentive to do so". They have no incentive in trumpeting that they are doing it. But without having read their ToS, I'm sure they got that covered.

Of course this is pure speculation and I have exactly zero proof that this is the case. I would actually never have believed those claims 6 months ago, but today, I wouldn't be surprised.

<comment><USER9> So you admit not even having read the ToS, but now you're ready to believe that it happens, despite the fact that (for example) Google has a fairly straightforward privacy policy that enumerates what they use data for: [http://www.google.com/policies/privacy/](http://www.google.com/policies/privacy/)

As the person who originally replied to you mentioned: it'd be political suicide for Google to provide the information they use for their own ad targeting to others, even for a fee, beyond users' explicit consent. It'd also be business suicide, given that it would allow people to cut Google out of the loop, rather than using Google as the advertising platform.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> This is a nice initiative, but I would like to see the source code of this browser. Without it, I cannot be 100% sure that what Epic devs say is true and it's not an elaborate NSA trick to get our data :). No hard feelings, just in the light of current events as reported by NY Times/Guardian about NSA backdooring popular apps and crypto implementations the paranoid inside me has gotten more active lately.

<comment><USER3> Source Code coming soon. We've made changes to many chromium files & we're a small team, so haven't had a chance to open source it all in a manageable way. In the meantime, don't hesitate to write us if you want to see any code or know any changes we've made. Or use Wireshark to see requests going in/out! Our philosophy is exactly that -- we don't want you to "trust" us, it should be private by design -- that's how Epic works. So for example, address bar auto-fill is all done locally in your system because we don't believe all your browsing should be passing through anyone's servers.

<comment><USER11> You guys are using something like git right? You have a tag for the build you created right? Why not just release a read only github account or tarball of the source released with epic to give people audit peace of mind now. Add a bunch of disclaimers saying 'we are not ready yet, please only use this to audit for now, we'll have a proper open sourcing setup soon'.

<comment><USER3> Great suggestion - thanks! Meant to put that in the faq that all code and changes would be available soon. Will do that very very soon! We haven't slept much the past week so give us a bit of time!!

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> Is this a re-launch of the Epic browser originally released in 2010 which targeted Indian users?

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_(web_browser)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_\(web_browser\))

<comment><USER13> Looks like an attempt at pivoting, jumping of the privacy bandwagon. Doesn't really make a good case that this browser is based on belief of privacy as stated in their faq.

</comment></comment><comment><USER14> You actually lose quite a lot in term of ease of use and performance when trying to be fully anonymous :(

History, Password saving, Auto-suggest, Web Cache, Automatic Browser Updates, Spell check, DNS pre-fetching & cache.

<comment><USER3> Privacy isn't "free", you're right. Epic supports password saving -- since it's the user's choice, we determined that we could leave it in. Many things can be done in a private way, so for example we have implemented local address bar auto-fill, so you can type "f" and have facebook.com appear but it's not based on your history nor any query to a web server. We will be building in more such services to make using Epic both private and convenient!! Epic does by the way auto-update for Windows though we hope to make it optional in the future for the extremely privacy conscious. For the Mac, it will give you a pop-up when there's an update so it's just about as simple as auto-updating.

<comment><USER15> Can't spell check be a completely local feature without hitting any outside servers? I didn't understand why that was disabled.

<comment><USER3> Yes you're right spell check surely can be! We'll work on it. Chromium is difficult to work with as something like spell check will be built to be supported as a web service so migrating it to a local service takes a bit of time. Great idea though and something we will work on!

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> I find it a little suspicious that a browser that purports to be private gives a unique fingerprint on panopticlick...

[https://panopticlick.eff.org](https://panopticlick.eff.org)

<comment><USER17> It mentions fingerprinting as a threat, but doesn't do anything specific against it. Probably because no one is quite sure how to stop it. From the FAQ:

How does Epic protect against browser fingerprinting?

There is no agreed-upon way to prevent browser fingerprinting or device fingerprinting at this point. There are many fingerprinting techniques which a solution would need to protect against. While we are working on a more thorough solution [...]

I imagine it could send the default plugin/header/user agent of IE/Chrome/Firefox, or random stuff each time...

<comment><USER3> Epic at present blocks tons of fingerprinting scripts. Comments above seem right to us as well that user-agent doesn't make sense to use from a fingerprinting perspective. Fonts+Plugins do though. We actually do and could've released things to protect against fingerprinting actively right now BUT it wouldn't have been comprehensive or defended against some of the key things we'd imagine a fingerprinter would use e.g. flash fonts call & more. So there's more work to be done - please join our forums and help us come up with more thorough solutions for fingerprinting.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> I don't mean to offend you but how does Hidden Reflex make money from and/or fund Epic, the Privacy Browser?

<comment><USER3> Search. We earn revenues whenever you make searches via Epic. Note though your searches are always private and sponsored/unsponsored results are only based on your query and rough geo-location. We will base any results on tracking or allow any searches or browsing to be tracked. It's not really required either -- Google tracks you and saves your data to target non-search ads (search ads via your search term can be naturally targeted)!!

<comment><USER19> Is this why I'm having such a hard time changing my default search engine...? :)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> What is being done here to combat browser fingerprinting? This seems like the most challenging threat to anonymity.

<comment><USER3> We block tons of fingerprinting scripts. More coming soon (fingerprinting is tough!).

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> I cringe when I read their claim to be "the first-ever privacy-focused browser built on chromium". Iron[1] was first released in 2008 to circumvent privacy issues with chrome.

I wonder if they did a really poor job at researching what already exists and are truly clueless about iron, or if they outright lied for marketing purposes. Hopefully they're not clueless about privacy and are not lying about features, though I would not bet my privacy on "hopefully" specially when epic browser website lacks an https version and epic browser bears a unique fingerprint on panopticlick.

[1] [https://www.srware.net/en/software_srware_iron.php](https://www.srware.net/en/software_srware_iron.php)

<comment><USER3> SRware is focused on removing google stuff...not really privacy in general, at least from our view.

</comment></comment><comment><USER21> I see under the download button it says, 'more versions coming soon'...happen to know when us linux users will get some love?

<comment><USER3> Soon we hope...we LOVE linux!!!! We're also a bit paranoid about backdoors and use linux often ourselves...

<comment><USER22> From recent news, I doubt Linux (or any OS) is safe from that intrusion...

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> This is cool and I'm going to use it but I want people make money too, so personally I'd be fine if you took my geographic location and served me ads based on that.

I _want_ to know what's on sale at the nearest grocery store, and I wouldn't be too creeped out if you knew where I was geographically. But maybe that's just me.

</comment><comment><USER24> Sounds awesome. I'll definitely use this instead of the browser project whose TLS stack is maintained by one of the best known crypto software developers on the Internet, and run by the company that has almost singlehandledly mainstreamed TLS forward secrecy.

<comment><USER25> Well, for the unenlightened, which one is that? Firefox? Chrome?

<comment><USER26> Chrom(ium), the open source foundation of chrome

<comment><USER25> But... that's what these guys are building on top of, in which case I'm not sure I understand the sarcasm?

<comment><USER24> It was pointless snark on my part.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER27> Out of interest, has anyone noticed anything outside of the ordinary? My antivirus (Kaspersky) is flagging it as a Trojan. [http://i.imgur.com/qTW8zPu.png](http://i.imgur.com/qTW8zPu.png)

<comment><USER28> Kaspersky identifies modified versions of popular applications. I suspect they don't know Epic is a "legitimate" modification of Chromium yet.

</comment></comment><comment><USER29> > Epic automatically routes your searches through its proxy to protect them.

Sounds sketchy.

<comment><USER3> Sorry through a third-party proxy service powered by Spotflux. You're right that if it was powered by us, it would be sketchy in terms of a privacy improvement!

<comment><USER28> A third-party proxy that I don't select is still sketchy.

I've never heard of Spotflux before, and don't know that they aren't owned and operated by one of your advertising partners.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER30> Companies are trying capture as much information about you as possibly by casting a wide net of "trackers".

The truth is companies don't know what to do with all of your data.

</comment><comment><USER31> I like it, but can you at least add Startpage/Ixquick and DDG as options for search engines? Options are good and people might not use it without having those options.

<comment><USER3> Thanks!! Working on more search options!!

</comment></comment><comment><USER32> I like the functionality of the 'umbrella' button. Is it something developed specifically for epic? I didn't see it out there for regular chrome.

<comment><USER3> Thanks! Yes, only for Epic as it integrates all our services. A lot of things in Epic are only available in Epic:-)

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> @spolu, we do block fb widgets and such...but a like link should work. You can via our "umbrella button" allow third-party cookies on any website.

<comment><USER33> You should use the reply link directly below the comment you're replying to. This helps keep things organized :)

<comment><USER3> Good point -- will do from now on!

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER34> cURL - the most secure way to browse the internet.

<comment><USER35> Stallman (still?) uses wget over email: [http://www.stallman.org/stallman- computing.html](http://www.stallman.org/stallman-computing.html)

</comment></comment><comment><USER36> Interesting choice of name considering [http://epic.org/](http://epic.org/)

<comment><USER3> We've been the Epic Browser for years now - were stuck with the name contractually!

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> @devx thanks! Will be adding both those search engines to the search options in an update soon.

</comment><comment><USER37> Is there a white listing for third-party cookies? Does it break facebook likes currently?

</comment><comment><USER38> This second this is on github, I will download it. I look forward to it.

</comment><comment><USER39> There is probably a backdoor for government agencies anyway.

<comment><USER3> If you find one in Chromium PLEASE let us know!!!

</comment></comment><comment><USER40> Any one know how this compares with SRWare Iron?

</comment><comment><USER41> how to use epic with 1password plugin?

<comment><USER3> Plugins work with Epic - another user has said 1password works in Epic.

</comment></comment><comment><USER42> Nice try NSA...</comment>


Show HN: Few days ago someone asked for code annotation, I built this in Polymer - <AUTHOR> https://rajasharan.github.io/annotate-code/dist/

<comment><USER2> Seems pretty cool. The only thing that annoys me is that blank lines are not preserved, even though I click on them.</comment>


London Datastore - <AUTHOR> http://data.london.gov.uk/

<comment><USER2> It's great to see a few quick trends visually here:

1\. Smoking cessation rate - this has clearly peaked. Smoking is no longer socially acceptable and the vast majority of people willing to quit probably now have (or have moved onto vaping).

2\. Sports participation - up and down, looks like it's probably in-line with major events - i.e. Olympics, Wimbledon, World Cup, etc.

3\. Workforce - a few more people are starting their own companies, which leads to them employing more people and therefore unemployment dropping accordingly.

4\. Mortgage repossessions are down, but landlord repossessions are up.

5\. International visitors clearly peak and trough based around the seasons. Their spending (this seems to be increasing generally - in line with inflation?)

6\. More people are cycling - probably due to the increase in cycle lanes and cheap, accessible state rental bikes.

I might be off on some of these as I've only glanced across the stats from a top-line. It's nice to see the data presented clearly and be able to take guesses at what's going on.

<comment><USER3> I don't think I'm seeing the same from the data.

1\. It's around 500 per 100.000. There are still plenty of people out there. And that only includes people setting a quit date with an NHS Stop-Smoking Service and quitting within 4 weeks. Not sure if I think that's an accurate measurement of quit rate, more so the efficiency (in-efficiency?) of NHS' SSS.

2\. Looks completely flat to me.

3\. Seems to be only from well into the crisis and still looks to be around the same level now as 2009 but with a small down trend.

4\. No comment really but the about section states that a part of the relevant data is not captured.

6\. This is great but just from my sample point of one I don't see that many cycle lanes being added and most people that use a bike regularly clearly have their own rather than using boris bikes. It mostly seems to be tourists and a luck few where boris start and stop stations are conveniently located on their route who use them.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Go to recorded crime, then check out the graph "Change in Priority Crimes by Borough". What is going on with a 13% jump in crime at Heathrow Airport?

Have they just started recording there, or has there been a major spate of crimes recently? Does anyone know?

Update:

Ah, just looked at the data. June 2014 [32 incidents], July 2014 [38 incidents]. The numbers of total crimes are small, hence a couple of extra crimes shows a higher percentage increase.</comment>


Bitcoin Startups Pitch for Funding at Plug and Play Winter Expo - <AUTHOR> http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-startups-funding-plug-and-play/

<comment><USER2> Is this titled so that we have sympathy with the Bitcoin startups?</comment>


Ask HN: How to work harder? - <AUTHOR> Hi HN, I am fairly accomplished CEO and the company seems to be doing well. (We have raised ~9M with team of 9 people launching our product in next couple of months)
The one major issue is that I am not that hardworking and I constantly feel bad over it. I am not used to shipping things on time and usually get everything done at the last min.
I'd sign up for some work and give less than half the time it needs to be completed. Which results in either lower quality or taking time out from other things that I am supposed to do.
How do you become both disciplined and hardworking?
Would appreciate any help on this. Thanks. <comment><USER2> [https://playbook.samaltman.com/](https://playbook.samaltman.com/)

 _The only universal job description of a CEO is to make sure the company wins. You can do this as the founder even if you have a lot of flaws that would normally disqualify you as a CEO as long as you hire people that complement your own skills and let them do their jobs. That experienced CEO with a fancy MBA may not have the skill gaps you have, but he or she won't understand the users as well, won't have the same product instincts, and won't care as much._

\--

 _The prime directive of great execution is "Never lose momentum". But how do you do it?

The most important way is to make it your top priority. The company does what the CEO measures. It's valuable to have a single metric that the company optimizes, and it's worth time to figure out the right growth metric. If you care about growth, and you set the execution bar, the rest of the company will focus on it._

\--

 _Earlier I mentioned that the only universal job description of the CEO is to make sure the company wins. Although that's true, I wanted to talk a little more specifically about how a CEO should spend his or her time.

A CEO has to 1) set the vision and strategy for the company, 2) evangelize the company to everyone, 3) hire and manage the team, especially in areas where you yourself have gaps 4) raise money, and 5) set the execution quality bar.

In addition to these, find whatever parts of the business you love the most, and stay engaged there._

\--

I think if you nail those parts, it probably doesn't matter how hard you work. Paul Buchheit observes that the world rewards results, not hard work.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks, this is very helpful.</comment></comment>


Scalable Machine Learning Lectures - <AUTHOR> http://alex.smola.org/teaching/berkeley2012/index.html

<comment><AUTHOR> The lectures on data streams are my favorites: <http://alex.smola.org/teaching/berkeley2012/streams.html>.</comment>


Ask HN: What would happen if all software was open-sourced? - <AUTHOR> If all software in the world today was open-sourced under the GPL3 License (or similar), what would the consequences be?
Would the software industry thrive? Or collapse?
My instincts are that; developed countries would lose their advantage over developing countries, right?
Personally, I'm not a big fan of the GPL3 license, but it's able to maintain the commercial interests of the software, as WordPress demonstrates. <comment><USER2> Basically, it has already happened (sans GPL, mostly) and the result is that very few "cloud" vendors extract all value, with further development not getting funded. Not much new F/OSS has been released in recent years, with developers looking at services instead.

<comment><USER3> This is an interesting point. The open source movement roots in a time where cloud computing was normal, back then called terminal server.

Licences like the AGPL try to tackle this "problem" which feels like a design issue because in spite of having terminal servers nobody could imagine today's "cloud".

Maybe the next years will fence us in walled gardens until a new idea of open collaboration will free us again. A bit like browser wars? Or, is software too ubiquitous today to withstand the forces of capitalism?

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Nothing would happen. Everything is already available in open source implementations. People are just too lazy to go checkout and use and maintain it.

<comment><USER5> Point me to the open source implementation of Windows 10, then, would you?

<comment><USER3> I guess the point was there are open source operating systems.

However, the claim that there is an open source implementation of every "class" of software, is still too bold. Think about software with proprietary knowledge like teslas autopilot, fpga algorithms for industrial machines, or, to some extend something like SAP.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> War, famine</comment>