Vim Misconceptions - <AUTHOR> https://sanctum.geek.nz/arabesque/vim-misconceptions/ <comment><USER2> I've been using vim for... 5 years? I initially forced myself to learn it (after being aware of vim and its learning curve) so I could work with a text editor that would be available on pretty much any linux server I might ssh into.

After about a year of mostly forcing myself to learn it, I started using it as my main text editor. At this point, I have a standard vimrc and plugins that I install on every new machine, including windows. Vim is my default text editor of choice.

Some of the benefits:

\- Introduced me to the concept of not using your mouse and how much this increases the speed you can work. Introduced me to hjkl as movement keys (which at first glance was not obvious to me).

\- Lots of commands to move around quickly. Lots of customization options for the constant tweakers in us. Core focus on changing text in as few keystrokes as possible.

\- Lots of plugins to do all that cool "Oh, it would be cool if it did _this_." The "missing" features, like code completion or file system navigation, are available via plugins.

\- The interface is very fast and pleasurable to use once you have familiarity with its incantations (which actually aren't so bad once you learn the basics).

I have no strong opinion of emacs, but it strikes me as similar in experience (if not implementation) to vim. I used sublime text for a while and liked it, although I kind of just ended up sticking with vim. It is funny how much programmers get into text editors, although they're important tools for the profession, so tradesmen obsessing over the tools they use probably isn't so new.

<comment><USER3> What keeps me on Emacs is Elisp. With sth. like paredit editing lisp code becomes the easiest thing in the world, and what you can do and what is already available is awesome. And while Elisp is not the best lisp out there, it is pleasurable to write in and edit. I can't even pretend appreciating VimScript.

Then comes Quail and Org-mode.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Some of these misconceptions are about having a poor UI and poor discoverability. I'm an avid vim user but I had to take a bet that the initial work to familiarize myself will pay off in the end. I'm happy I took the leap but it's daunting for anyone getting started.

</comment><comment><USER5> Just learned about Larry Tesler [1] and his fight for modeless software yesterday.

[1] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Tesler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Tesler)

<comment><USER6> I'm not gonna lie, that sounds absolutely ridiculous and uninformed.

Everything in life depends on cause and effect and "modes". Your actions have consequences and should obviously affect future interactions.

I can totally understand that in certain instances, having "modes" or states in a software package might not be intuitive or preferred. But I also feel that having stateful software can be even more useful.

<comment><USER7> I think the popularity of Microsoft Word, in particular, shows how mode-less software is more broadly usable.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Another misconception I would add is people thinking it improves productivity over what some people consider "newbie friendly" tools (GUI IDEs and the like). If you _LIKE_ using it, please go ahead. But AFAIK, there is no data showing any of these editors save you time over what you invested learning them. I was an expert vim user and I don't think I am ever going to recover the hours I spent learning it. For C++ these days, I find I'm actually more productive in Visual Studio than I could ever be in vim.

<comment><USER9> I think it's more about comfort than productivity. I find myself using control keys or reaching for the mouse _far_ more often when using anything else to edit text, and it's just more pleasant to be able to stick to the letters on the keyboard as much as possible.

I think your point about productivity in VS probably has more to do with its IDE features than its text editing features doesn't it? I also enjoy using a good IDE, but I still lean heavily on (bad to mediocre) vim keybinding support. At least I can navigate and make small edits nicely, but for anything more advanced, it's straight back to the control key or right click menu.

What I'd really love to see would be an IDE designed from the ground up to be modeful, and to put the most common things you do in an IDE on easy to reach keys. The interesting part of vim isn't the specific keybindings, it's the _philosophy_ , and as far as I've seen, nothing else embraces it.

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> Does anyone else use vanilla vim happily without plugins?

<comment><USER9> I happily use both: vanilla on servers, lots of plugins on personal machine. There are lots of nice plugins, and I don't buy the argument that using them makes me unable to figure out how to use the vanilla install when sshing.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> You can learn the basics with this little browser video game:

[http://vim-adventures.com/](http://vim-adventures.com/)

I used to hate vim with a passion because of how unintuitive everything seemed, but this made me want to learn more once I get used to hjkl and some of the shortcuts.</comment>


Bram Cohen on the Go language - <AUTHOR> http://bramcohen.livejournal.com/71760.html

<comment><USER2> Great article, shame its not got the attention</comment>


Ask HN: What's the best company to buy SSL certificates from? - <AUTHOR> <comment><USER2> Get the best SSL cert for the job...

If you just want to secure a login page for your own personal use, get a free cert from StartSSL.

If you need to give access to the page to more people, it's best to get a cheap cert from Comodo, etc. because they're compatible with more mobile devices. Don't spend more than $15

If you intend on selling something from the site, I'd recommend getting some form of company validation on top of the standard domain validation which is performed when buying cheaper certs. GeoTrust, Comodo, Globalsign, etc. can help. It should cost less than $100.

The best certs to get to re-assure your customers are the EV ones. No need to go full Verisign and waste ton of money on them, you can get them cheap-ish from Globalsign, Comodo and Geotrust resellers.

If you're getting a cert generated by an established certificate authority, it doesn't really matter who you buy it from. Aim for the best price for the level of support that you want to get.

</comment><comment><USER3> Don't feed the SSL cartel

Free SSL cert accepted by all modern browsers <https://www.startssl.com/?app=1>

They are owned and operated by <http://www.startcom.org/>

<comment> mike-cardwell startssl.com is part of the cartel you don't want to feed... Yes, they offer free certificates, but only in order to market their paid certificates.

FWIW, I use free certs from startssl.com myself.

If you _really_ want to avoid the "cartel", use cacert.org or a self signed cert.

<comment> saiko-chriskun I will use cacert as soon as they're part of the standard cert group on all the major browsers :P

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> StartSSL.com offers free yearly simple SSL certificates, and are supported by all major browsers. If you want higher-grade, you'll have to pay. They're very open about wanting to provide free simple certificates for everyone.

<comment><USER5> Re: StartSSL see [http://www.belshe.com/2012/02/04/rethinking-ssl-for- mobile-a...](http://www.belshe.com/2012/02/04/rethinking-ssl-for-mobile-apps)

<comment><USER6> That's disingenuous. You should be bundling your CA cert with your cert anyway, which would avoid that problem.

<comment><USER7> Neither the linked article nor any of the parent comments talk about certificate chaining, which seems to be what you're referring to.

Also, please check the definition of 'disingenuous', it's massively overused on Hacker News (often in a completely incorrect context).

<comment><USER6> jorangreef said "RE StartSSL..." then pointed to an article about the problems of SSL w.r.t mobile apps. Since this is in reply to a very positive post about StartSSL, the obvious inference is that his linked article provides some evidence on why one wouldn't want to use StartSSL. But that's pure FUD because the _only_ mention of StartSSL in the whole article is that they close their connections so two more TCP connections are required to authenticate the cert... but anyone worth their salt would be bundling in the CA cert anyway, obviating the need for those connections.

I don't know what your beef is with 'disingenuous,' but that's exactly what I meant.

<comment><USER7> OCSP isn't an optional step involved only if you don't present your CA's intermediary certificate, it's in addition to it. The whole point of it is "I have this guy with these legit looking credentials you issued, do you still stand by them?".

You can't work around that with chaining, it can only be disabled from client code, or by having the CA issue a cert that doesn't include an OCSP address (doubt any do this now, given the number of legit certs issued to attackers in the past 2 years).

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> FWIW, Stripe recommends DigiCert: <https://stripe.com/help/ssl>

> _We recommend DigiCert — their certificates have very wide acceptance (for > example, Facebook uses a DigiCert certificate). Other options include > NameCheap and GoDaddy. They have slightly lower acceptance but their basic > certificates cost $10 to $20._

<comment><USER9> FB's been switching over the VeriSign -- at least, in my neck of the woods. I pay attention to certs, so I noticed this and took some time to somewhat reassure myself that no MITM was going on. (If I'm wrong, someone please tell me!)

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> I cannot recommend Comodo.

I paid for one of their certificates (through a re-seller) but they refused to issue it on the grounds that they could not verify my phone number. It was true that it was not in the directories they referred to, but they did not make that clear before selling the certificate.

I would have made a chargeback, but was paranoid about them informing other CAs of the fact - it would be a disaster if I was never able to get another SSL certificate.

</comment><comment><USER11> Side question: what's the best company for SSL certificates where you're hosting multiple distinct domains for various clients on the same server? I've read about SAN certs, but I haven't found any documentation ...

<comment><USER12> As far I know the only thing that works reliably is to get multiple IPs and multiple (wildcard) SSL certificates. You can try to save a little money by getting startssl certificates (free) or by using SSL host headers (multiple SSL on one IP address), but it doesn't work on all browsers so you end up wasting time explaining to your customers why they get an error when they access their site.

<comment><USER13> What is "SSL host headers"? Is it wildcard certs, as Microsoft describes them on [http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer20...](http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer2003/Library/IIS/596b9108-b1a7-494d-885d-f8941b07554c.mspx?mfr=true) ?

<comment><USER14> I think he meant "Server Name Indication" <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication>

If there is more than one site hosted on a single IP, the client sends a request for the SSL certificate. In the "old" way, the client didn't say to which domain it wants to connect (it only told that after the SSL connection was established), so the server didn't know which certificate to send.

The problem has been solved with SNI, but it isn't universally supported (yet), though we are close (namely IE on XP). With SNI the client basically sends the server to which domain it wants to open a secure connection, so the server can serve the correct certificate.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Also, you might be interested in the trust relationships between the major CAs.

\- <https://www.eff.org/files/colour_map_of_CAs.pdf>

\- <https://www.eff.org/files/DefconSSLiverse.pdf>

</comment><comment><USER16> I like Gandi. You get a free SSL certificate for a year with your domain, and it's $12 a year after that.

<comment><USER17> They say you also get a free 1-year certificate with domain name renewals, implying that if you renew your domains for 1 year you can get a perpetual stream of free certs.

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> Slightly off topic, but how are people using SSL with App Engine? Last time I checked they didn't support SSL on your own domain. I'm not sure if this is similar for e.g. Heroku. I presume most non-trivial apps would have some kind of secure login.

<comment><USER19> Looks like it went into testing last October [1], otherwise people have been using their appspot subdomains.

[1][http://googleappengine.blogspot.com/2011/10/app-engine- ssl-f...](http://googleappengine.blogspot.com/2011/10/app-engine-ssl-for- custom-domains-in.html)

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> I get mine through DNSimple. I'm sure they're a reseller for another company, but $20 a year for a single domain SSL and $100 a year for wildcard.

<comment><USER21> That's expensive. The same GeoTrust RapidSSL certificate is $9.95/year through Namecheap, for example.

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> I can imagine the SSL cert sellers laughing at those buying them. How is it that money can BUY TRUST is beyond my comprehension.

<comment><USER23> Well how can you trust a company you have never dealt with before? It used to be that SSL certificates were a mark of insurance, proof that they had thought about securing your data in transmission, and proof that someone had validated the company as being real (like an auditor should). Nowadays points 1 and 3 are no longer true.

</comment></comment><comment><USER24> We've used Comodo certs for our projects, given out for free by our provider SSD Nodes (<http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1122631>). I think the certs by themselves are $9-10/year if you decided to get them on your own.

</comment><comment><USER25> A little off topic, but I'm thinking of using CloudFlare's "Easiest SSL Ever"... Is anyone here using it?

[http://blog.cloudflare.com/easiest-ssl-ever-now-included- aut...](http://blog.cloudflare.com/easiest-ssl-ever-now-included- automatically-w)

<comment><USER26> Not yet, but that's my plan :) I'll setup CloudFlare soon, for the "go live" of my new startup this month.

</comment></comment><comment><USER27> I get ours through our registrar (who also does our sideproject hosting), DreamHost. They have $15/year certificates (via Comodo), and you automatically get both the root and the www. subdomain of the certificate, included in the price.

</comment><comment><USER28> What's your goal? There are all types of certificates, some cheap and some expensive. If you're aiming for cheap, companies like Namecheap and GoDaddy sell them for peanuts but they're "cheap" certificates, not with bells and whistles.

<comment><USER29> Is there a chance you could elaborate on this some? What would some example "bells and whistles" be with regards to SSL certs?

<comment><USER24> Verisign EV certs get the green text along with the name of the company in the browser (ex: <https://paypal.com>)

More information: [http://www.verisign.com/ssl/ssl-information- center/extended-...](http://www.verisign.com/ssl/ssl-information- center/extended-validation-ssl-certificates/index.html)

<comment><USER30> All EV certificates provide that feature, not just the ones sold by Verisign. Are you a paid shill of Verisign?

In general, no one should ever do business with Verisign, due to their practice of domain slamming, their Site Finder misfeature, and other shady practices.

<comment><USER31> Do they still do that? Thanks for pointing that out though, I found this:

[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/05/14/verisign_hit_with_sl...](http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/05/14/verisign_hit_with_slamming_lawsuit/)

through Wikipedia:

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_scams#cite_note-6>

"VeriSign was sued in 2002 for their actions in sending ambiguous emails informing people, often incorrectly, that their domain was about to expire and inviting them to click on a link to renew it. Renewing the domain resulted in the registration company being transferred to VeriSign from the previous registrar."

<comment><USER32> Verisign cannot do that anymore since they no longer operate a registrar (Network Solutions was spun-off/sold-off).

<comment><USER31> Ok, I didn't know that. What I should investigate is whether the same people that authorized those shady tactics are still in charge there (or whether that culture persists).

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER33> I use <http://exoware.net/> They're a small company, but they care and they do a good job so we get along just fine. SSL starts at £15 a year and goes up. £70 per year for a wildcard.

</comment><comment><USER34> I use cacert.org (free) on my private stuff. Unfortunately they are not included with Mozilla, so leaning towards startssl.com for my public project.

</comment><comment><USER15> I like <https://www.alphassl.com/>. It's one hop down the chain from the Global Sign root.

</comment><comment><USER35> NameCheap has been great for me, for SSL certificates and domains.

</comment><comment><USER36> startssl.com is free.

</comment><comment><USER37> Digicert is ballin'. Using them on a few sites.

</comment><comment><USER38> Comodo with PositiveSSL is bargain for 9$ USD

</comment><comment><USER39> Ignore anyone in this thread telling you to use StartSSL.

When you care about your cert (validated, EV, etc): DigiCert. When you don't care that much: RapidSSL from Namecheap.

The end.

<comment><USER40> > Ignore anyone in this thread telling you to use StartSSL.

Why? What's wrong with it?

</comment></comment><comment><USER41> I had a good experience with StartCom.

</comment><comment><USER42> name.com

</comment><comment><USER43> I would definitely advice to you startssl.com, they offer free ssl certificates.</comment>


Make a healthy climate a legal right that extends to future generations - <AUTHOR> https://www.economist.com/open-future/2019/09/17/make-a-healthy-climate-a-legal-right-that-extends-to-future-generations <comment><USER2> I was going to say this will never work, but actually I think it might with a couple of additions.

You'd need this signed into international law. Mass protests could probably help with that, but you'd also need an international election drive towards green parties among the youth to get a critical mass of supporters at the UN level.

You'd also need to handle enforcement and compliance, which is where these agreements have fallen down in the past. Some nations, and a lot of people, just don't care about climate change, so you'd need _hard_ consequences for polluters.

You'd also be parting oil-rich states and agricultural beef businesses from the source of their income. The farmers won't do much but the oil states would probably go to war over it.

On that topic I'll say this: electric cars. Yes they still need energy, no that doesn't make it "the same as driving a gasoline car" as the EV energy doesn't _have_ to come from fossil fuels (and increasingly is not), which means you can move at a macro level _away_ from oil and coal over time. If you remove the demand for fossil fuels you don't need to ban them.

I'm still not convinced it's impossible if we take the problem seriously and stop pretending it doesn't need a global response.

<comment><USER3> Going on what I see of youth I think a significant shift toward green politics, and away from "the usual suspects" is coming. Whether it is soon enough is another question.

Perhaps the climate requirement needs to get incorporated in WTO and World Bank rules. Then sanction those who don't meet them...

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Future generations having rights is a weird concept. If we cut science spending, can someone sue on behalf of future generations that they are being deprived of a better world. Is advocating for negative population growth a hate crime against future generations since you are trying to ensure fewer will be born?

The real issue with climate change is that it is not electorally popular to do anything other than a few token gestures. The increased gas taxes contributed to the yellow vest protests in France. The Australian election upset was also spurred by concern that one of the parties would try to cut fossil fuels.

I do not know that trying to do an end around the electorate and appealing to the judiciary on a novel legal theory is going to work in the long term.

<comment><USER2> Ultimately you're right if course. The real problem is that half of the people on the planet either just don't care about climate change or believe in science, and a lot of the other half are largely unmotivated.

We need to tackle the hardest problem, which is changing hearts and minds. I don't have a suggestion here, just pointing out that we need to be honest about the real problem.

It's like complaining about Brexit and/or Trump. Your problem isn't the situation itself, it's that half the population looked at an option utterly abhorrent to you and said "sounds good to me".

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> The best idea I found around this topic is [https://www.ethicalsystems.org/](https://www.ethicalsystems.org/)

If there is a move from shareholder primacy to stakeholder primacy, the environment can be one of the stakeholders and there could be laws preventing businesses abusing this stakeholder.

</comment><comment><USER6> What a nonsensical idea. You can't have judges writing environmental law on the basis of legal rights.

And there is no such thing as a healthy climate -- an unhealthy environment is caused by local pollution, not greenhouse gases.

<comment><USER7> I beg to differ: there is such a thing as killer heatwaves. Unhealthy climate!

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> The thing about rights is that we don't have any. We can make laws that give us rights to education, equal opportunities and a whole raft of things but society can be corrupt or fall to pieces. The wars we have had in recent years are proof of this, the UN rules on selling weapons are not enforced and it is the security council members that are doing all the preparations for war. For this reason we need to be discussing the climate without using the 'rights' word.

</comment><comment><USER9> How is it more reasonable than making healthy food a legal right? Yet, I haven't heard about anyone of The Economist's scale seriously suggesting making healthy food a legal right. Maybe because it's too idealistic.

</comment><comment><USER10> Sometimes the right thing to do is just the right thing to do. It doesn't need to be justified by artificial rights to people who do not yet exist.

</comment><comment><USER11> Yang proposed a constitutional amendment to ensure climate is a priority for federal and state govts. beyond a single administration: [https://www.yang2020.com/blog/climate- change/](https://www.yang2020.com/blog/climate-change/)

</comment><comment> King-Aaron I seem to recall the Jetsons once coming back to sue the Earth for destroying the climate, they didn't win the case however.

</comment><comment><USER12> We can be mindful of the climate, but inevitably the sun is going to explode in roughly 5 billion years (note: the earth is 4.5 billion years old, so we're roughly half way through the sun soaked portion of Earth's existence). The Earth will continue to possibly exist, but sunlight does seem critical to supporting the food chain, and more broadly, life.

We can legislatively protect the Earth for the future --and it should be welcomed-- but the future is coming for us. Over extremely long horizons, no law will save us. And modern humans have only existed for 200,000 years -- would such a law protect generations that are no longer Homo Sapiens, but are our descendants? If we do indeed succeed in protecting our planet, with enough time (short by geological standards) we won't even exist in our current form.

<comment><USER13> Wrap it up folks, no use doing anything at all because in 5 billion years the sun wil explode.

<comment><USER12> I am supportive of us do something about climate change. It's just isn't a panacea to all our problems.

It seems counterintuitive to be worried about climate change, to protect future generations, but then ignore planetary death because that's "too far out", when the whole premise of stopping climate change is to give future humans a shot at continuing the species.</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: International currency support on day one? - <AUTHOR>

Should a web app that launches have support for multiple currencies from day one?<p>To add further details, it is for a time tracking application and you can assign an hourly rate to your projects. <comment><USER2> Probably not. New currencies give you 1) lots of new announcements to make, and 2) a chance to ration your traffic so you aren't swamped on day one.

For transactions, it's different because of network effects. But if it's just individuals assigning currency values to time, there should be a more linear relationship between currency-users and app-users. Also, if they really need to they can convert the numbers.

<comment><AUTHOR> Hi, Thanks for the feedback! I think we'll do it as a phase 2! Chris</comment></comment>


Ask HN: GoFundMe Alternative - <AUTHOR> My sister-in-law is 20 weeks pregnant and their unborn son has been diagnosed with infant polycystic kidney disease. I would like to help them raise funds for medical expenses. Are there any lower cost or self-hosted alternatives to GoFundMe out there? <comment><USER2> I used [https://donorbox.org/](https://donorbox.org/) a few months ago for a neighborhood project, uses Stripe as a backend, and has HTML code you can slap right on a page.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thank you, this looks really promising.</comment></comment>


Show HN: Warden – Security Center as a service to protect users against hacks - <AUTHOR> https://warden.co <comment><AUTHOR> Hi everyone,

This is Amadeo from Warden. Warden can detect when a user is getting hacked as they log in to your site and we provide your users tools to stop it!

Looking forward to hearing your feedback and thoughts. Thanks!</comment>


Univision wins Gawker auction with $135M bid: sources - <AUTHOR> http://www.reuters.com/article/us-gawker-bankruptcy-auction-idUSKCN10R2IV <comment><USER2> Already posted here: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12301012](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12301012)</comment>


Simple cli to manage your tasks (you haven't seen one like this before) - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/minhajuddin/taskr#readme Any inputs on improving this would be awesome. I've been using it happily for a more than a few months. <comment><USER2> Haha, from the FAQ:-

        Why is it not packaged as a gem?
        To make it run faster.
        How fast is it?
        Very fast

cos, you know, I really need my todo list manager to be as _performant_ as possible at the expense of install convenience.

<comment><USER3> Also: why would it be slower as a gem? A gem is also just a zip file that gets downloaded and extracted

<comment><USER4> I don't know enough about how gems work, but the 'hub' script is faster when installed manually than when installed as a gem: <https://gist.github.com/284823>

</comment></comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> Any inputs on improving this would be awesome. I've been using it happily for a more than a few months.

<comment><USER5> All the features that I would recommend are already in TaskWarrior. Have you seen/tried it? Maybe you should highlight some of the competitive advantages your app has over it. <http://github.com/taskwarrior>

<comment><AUTHOR> I have used taskwarrior for some time, as @tmcw already mentioned, one of the reasons I use this, is because it is more hackable. The other reason is that it doesn't _need_ you to learn hundreds of switches to efficiently use it. All you need to know is: 't -a' adds a task 't -l' lists them and finally 't -e' opens vi to allow you to edit the whole tasks file.

      t -a whatever the task is without single quotes :) :weekend +++

Another neat thing about this is that it allows you to do stuff on multiple tasks at once.

        t -d awse,foob #deletes the tasks with those ids
        t -t aswe,foob :some-tag :another-tag #adds those two tags on those two tasks

If you know ruby, you can tweak this as you like to make it work with your own special rules, and that's the most important thing to me. No one likes a task manager built by others, everyone has something which they do differently. And because it's built in ruby, I hope this is easier to personalize.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> Looks interesting. Does this have any advantages over tools like TaskWarrior?

<comment><USER7> It's probably more hackable, for people who are afraid to touch C++ (aka, myself). Besides that, I think TaskWarrior is at the top of the heap for cli tools - its featureset and maturity is incredible.</comment></comment>


Canada's becoming a tech hub thanks to Donald Trump immigration policies - <AUTHOR> https://www.recode.net/2019/3/19/18264391/us-tech-jobs-canada-immigration-policies-trump <comment><USER2> I'm sure companies are thrilled to take advantage of our low programmer salaries compared to our neighbors to the south. Until that divide is narrowed though, I see no reason Canadian talent will stay in Canada.

<comment><USER3> Canadian talent will go to the US on TN-1s and Canada will still see a net increase from overseas. Did you read the article?</comment></comment>


Why stealing best landing pages is a bad idea - <AUTHOR> https://hren.io/blog/stealing-best-landing-pages/#contact <comment><USER2> In addition to the points on the list, you need to take context into account too. A large successful company has built up a lot more trust than your one might have, and can get away with design decisions that are less than optimal because everyone knows who they are and takes them seriously.

It's why eCommerce sites can't just get away with cloning Amazon's layout. Because while it 'works' for them, it works in part because people are willing to forgive certain bad design decisions and performance issues due to brand recognition.

They likely won't be as forgiving towards your site.

It's also worth noting that if it's too obvious that you copied someone else's design, people are likely to distrust you because of it. Especially if they've stumbled across the page/site that inspired you before.

</comment><comment><USER3> As a non-creative, copying ideas from other landing pages is the only way I can make my own pages look even remotely attractive. Of course, this is for side projects. Professionally, I agree and think hiring a good designer to come up with original ideas is always worth the money.

<comment><USER4> Same here, but I just check for good designs and buy them.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> There's a little bit of truth here, in that just ripping off someone else's successful design (of almost anything, not just landing pages) and applying it to your own situation is unlikely to get you the same results.

However, I think the author could have fleshed out a little more the fine line between stealing without insight and using as a starting point or learning guide for your own process. There's a very long history in copywriting of keeping a "swipe file" of headlines, ad copy, etc. that have performed well to learn from and use as inspiration.

<comment><USER6> This. I wrote a whole book based on that premise, and as a practicing copywriter/landing page designer, reusing/remixing elements of a growing swipefile is a huge part of a the workflow.

Obviously, none of that replaces actual testing, and it's useful to be able to separate the two (idea generation / validation). If there was an official list of best practices that always works, things would be easier.

It's important to note most products don't ever reach the stage where they can test and reach statistically significant conclusions. In that scenario, building landing pages by learning from the best is more about improving your messaging, your sales pitch, and so on, than about scientifically improving your conversion rate. But you must take things one step at a time.

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> From the potential buyer's point of view:

I skip all sites that look like they have a tried and tested landing page and don't actually have anything to say about their product.

If it's the same structure but with a slightly different text, it means the product isn't interesting so they have to resort 100% to marketing optimizations and I just move on.

</comment><comment><USER8> Yep. Relatedly, A/B testing is still, in a majority of cases, "run both pages until one shows an x% difference in conversion"

WHICH IS TOTALLY TOTALLY BROKEN. THAT'S NOT HOW IT WORKS.

I know people don't really like to remember high school stats, but surely we can get the world to a place where CMOs etc know enough to not do this and not let their teams do this?

Or are they incentivised to show that they're "adding value" without really caring about whether that value is real or not?

</comment><comment><USER9> I'm not particularly convinced by the content of the article. But there is a glaring typo I hope the author fixes:

> 2\. They do not know how WHY their copywriting formula works

<comment><AUTHOR> Fixed. And thanks, that typo was really bad.</comment></comment>


If you like living in the middle of nowhere you can get a great house real cheap - <AUTHOR> http://www.mathewingram.com/work/2018/04/08/if-you-like-living-in-the-middle-of-nowhere-you-can-get-a-great-house-really-cheap/ <comment><USER2> I am not sure the author of this post knows what "middle of nowhere". His definition seems to be more than 75 miles from Brooklyn.</comment>


'Man in the cloud' owns your Dropbox or Google drive without malware - <AUTHOR> http://www.darkreading.com/cloud/man-in-the-cloud-owns-your-dropbox-google-drive----sans-malware-/d/d-id/1321501

<comment><USER2> Ah yes, my "cloud synch services"</comment>


Entr(1) – Run tests whenever files change - <AUTHOR> http://entrproject.org/ <comment><USER2> Another approach would be to use the Linux kernel's fantastic _inotify()_ feature, which does not require running tools designed for other purposes...

[https://linux.die.net/man/7/inotify](https://linux.die.net/man/7/inotify)

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inotify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inotify)

There is also a less well utilized _fsnotify_ feature for filesystem-wide notifications. Here is a cross-platform go implementation which also supports OSX: [https://github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify](https://github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify)

<comment><USER3> Note that that particular go implementation is prone to deadlocks.

Also, inotify is suboptimal for this use case. inotify has no recursion support, which means that the user must keep a watch on all files individually. There is also a limit to the number of inotify watches that can be in place at any one time.

A more modern, and more suitable interface for this use case is fanotify[0]. It doesn't provide all the functions that inotify does, but importantly it supports recursion, which alone would seem to make it a more obvious choice for this task.

0: [http://man7.org/linux/man- pages/man7/fanotify.7.html](http://man7.org/linux/man- pages/man7/fanotify.7.html)

<comment><USER4> > Note that that particular go implementation is prone to deadlocks.

Any more information on this? I'm curious to read why.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> entr is is what I eventually settled on after years of searching the perfect utility to build/run tests after file changes. After using gulp, grunt, watching_testrunner (which I eventually inherited maintainership of), watchman, watchdog ([https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog](https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog)), sniffer ([https://github.com/jeffh/sniffer](https://github.com/jeffh/sniffer))

entr is cross-platform on OS X, linux _and_ BSD.

watching_testrunner has no BSD support

watchman is way too big and not domain specific enough to my needs

sniffer worked quite well but it required having a scent.py file everywhere

entr keeps it all in a neat, unix like package you can pipe files to.

I keep some example usage in my book, _The Tao of tmux_ at [https://leanpub.com/the-tao-of-tmux/read#leanpub-auto- file-w...](https://leanpub.com/the-tao-of-tmux/read#leanpub-auto-file- watching). In this section I demonstrate my workflow with entr(1) in a Makefile. The code I use in the example should work across OS X / BSD / Linux (note the utilities like find(1) may behave a bit differently across unix-like systems).

I use the Makefile w/ entr(1) in development on my projects like tmuxp at [https://github.com/tony/tmuxp/blob/master/Makefile](https://github.com/tony/tmuxp/blob/master/Makefile). tmuxp is BSD-licensed so you're free to work off that if you'd like to try it on your own project.

</comment><comment><USER6>
      ls -d * | entr make

Just a nit: this seems to be imperfect for filenames containing new lines (I know, I know). An xargs like -0, --null option could make it more robust. Then the equivalent of the above command would be something like:

      find . -maxdepth 1 -name '[!.]*' -print0 | entr -0 make

Edit: Seems like -print0 is not POSIX compliant. Is there any safe way to pass a list of paths using the shell in a fully POSIX compliant way?

<comment><USER7> Imperfect as well because any filename starting with a dash will be interpreted as an option to ls.

Nitpicking… or maybe not: if you take the habit of running `cmd * ` whatever the command, I guess you might end up writing dangerous things like `rm * ` in a script which will fatally end up running in a directory containing a file named "-R".

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> What a coincidence! I tested it yesterday. Worked like a charm. Thanks!

One note: the browser reloading script was not installed on debian, so I downloaded it. It was not clear from the documentation if that was the intention.

</comment><comment><USER9> A similar tool written in Rust is watchexec.

[https://github.com/mattgreen/watchexec](https://github.com/mattgreen/watchexec)

<comment><AUTHOR> This looks nice too! Very intuitive interface. Thanks!

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> Ruby developers have been using Guard for a long time now.

[https://github.com/guard/guard](https://github.com/guard/guard)

<comment><USER11> Am I the only one having issues with guard? It's performance has been abysmal for the most recent projects I've used it with.

<comment><USER12> I turn off autorun and only have it test what's changed.

And it also doesn't run coverage checks, it's only for running the test i'm currently working on.

But yes, the ruby infrastructure is pretty bloated i recon.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> I use entr all the time. I usually do something like piping go files to entry to run a script to build and run my app or tests.

Much simpler than most tools I've seen like it.

</comment><comment><USER14> > It is not uncommon for modern web frameworks to continuously hunt for file > system changes and auto-reloads when run in single threaded or standalone > mode. This functionality is superfluous if the application can respond to > signals.

This is true if all that happens is a page reload, butamy frameworks are able to patch code or styles into the running page without a reload. This requires more than a signal handler.

<comment><USER15> Yeah this is a huge difference if what you're working on has state, being able to patch styles or modules makes development much smoother.

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> Many years ago I did a little utility I called autobuild[0] to do similar things. It has osx and windows support, but never got around doing linux support. I don't think inotify has an easy way of doing recursive filesystem notifications, having to manage the hierarchy and their notifiers, so it lapsed when I didn't need it at the time.

It felt like this kind of tool would/should be one of those standard command line tools always available, or the at least of those standard things everyone knows to install, like silversearcher/ripgrep etc.

[0] [https://github.com/scoopr/autobuild](https://github.com/scoopr/autobuild)

</comment><comment><USER17> this is one of those problems I've needed to solve for forever, but which i've never explicitly looked up a clean solution for. I can immediately think of 3 instances in the past week where this would have been perfect.

<comment><USER18> Watchman from facebook is another great, single-purpose solution.

[https://facebook.github.io/watchman/](https://facebook.github.io/watchman/)

<comment><USER19> We switched from watchman to entr on the project I'm currently working on because watchman was troublesome to configure and IIRC it completely detaches from the shell as well.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> A long time entr user, I recently switch to modd for flexible almost makefile like configurability, and watching/ignoring of multiple patterns to name a few convenient feature.

[https://github.com/cortesi/modd](https://github.com/cortesi/modd)

</comment><comment><USER21> I wrote a dead-simple version of this (that uses polling and doesn't give you filters for files) in python and called it `jonsnow` and threw it on pypi. I understand this is an insanely useful utility, but it's interesting that everyone seems to spin their own :)

</comment><comment> awinter-py awesome.

What would be really great is a fuse DAG.

Some paths should run programs on write, others on read.

The filesystem is _already_ the lock provider for a lot of programs; we should be using it as the event processor.

This is inherently polyglot -- every programming language in common use has FS utils.

</comment><comment><USER22> Next step: run tests whenever you enter a keystroke in your editor?

<comment><AUTHOR> You're probably joking, but if you use a real-time linter, maybe you could run tests whenever the file you're editing has no errors.

You might even try to limit which tests to run based on the test coverage (from previous runs) of the changed functions or statements.

And then there's also ideas like LightTable's inline evaluation [1].

[1]: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YIaHyTdjTY](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YIaHyTdjTY)

</comment></comment><comment><USER23> Cross-platform alternative: [http://emcrisostomo.github.io/fswatch/](http://emcrisostomo.github.io/fswatch/)

</comment><comment><USER24> Looks interesting; anyone know how well this works inside docker? For me watching files can often cause huge CPU usage.

</comment><comment><USER25> For node: [https://github.com/kimmobrunfeldt/chokidar- cli](https://github.com/kimmobrunfeldt/chokidar-cli)

</comment><comment><USER26> There is also Guard [https://github.com/guard/guard](https://github.com/guard/guard)

</comment><comment><USER27> Files? Tests were invented for OOP, no need to have files

<comment><USER28> This is a troll/unhelpful comment… but I genuinely like the reminder.</comment></comment>


Show HN: ThePizzaButton.com ~ Summon pizza with the push of a button. - j-s-f http://thepizzabutton.com/?utm_source=hackernews&utm_medium=submission&utm_campaign=showhn

<comment><AUTHOR> I like this. I only order pizza from Gepetto's because everything else sucks. Sometimes I do mix up the toppings though.

<comment> j-s-f Sweet, thanks for the feedback. More to come...</comment></comment>


WePay (YC S09) takes on PayPal directly; Q&A with co-founder Rich Aberman - <AUTHOR> http://www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2011/07/21/going-directly-at-the-beast-wepay-takes-on-paypal-with-new-tools-for-online-merchants/

<comment><USER2> Other people asked this not in so many words; Paypal really really sucks. Simple as that. Yet everyone uses it because it's everywhere and most online shops accept it. How are you going to prevent turning into a fraud outfit like Paypal? You know; taking thousands to tens of thousands willy-nilly without any proof of misconduct? Blocking accounts randomly because they were 'flagged as fraud' (based on, well, some if(full_moon)flag(account_no); Not documented, no possibility to fight it and so on)? Taking insane commissions on transactions as well as playing the forex market by always giving your clients the absolute worst conversion rate for their money possible?

I know fraud prevention is important, but PP definitely takes it way way too far. I know 100s of legit small companies who had their accounts closed/blocked, money stolen (because, let's face it, that's what it is; they are just outright thieves in these cases) or locked for months and months without giving any reason just 'fraud detected' or something lame like that. While there was no fraud, at least never on the side of the company; MAYBE on the side of it's buyers, but what does _that_ have to do with the company? Anyway; I can rant on about this forever, but I won't. I wonder what kind of warm feeling you can give us as co-founder.

You just started, so answering whatever to the above will work; you will probably turn into pure undiluted _evil_ in a few years (if you are successful) anyway. So then what's the reason to get away from Paypal if you can choose between evil#1 and evil#2? Sure it's nice to ride the waves of something that doesn't have horns for a while. I'm willing to bet most people won't though as they know everything which gets large will turn into Paypal and then the conversion and hassle is not worth it.

And US only; how is that taking on Paypal? Taking on Paypal would mean getting _all_ countries in, also the ones Paypal does not allow. And rapido.

</comment><comment><USER3> I'm making the assumption that this is USD only at this stage, just because my understanding is that moving up to more currencies (GDP, AUD, EUR) is an order of magnitude more difficult, followed again by moving up to any / most currencies. Am I correct?

Even if I am, I'm sure that's a future plan, and I look forward to it.

<comment><USER4> You are correct, sir. On all accounts.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> If WePay is really taking on PayPal directly then how is it going to differentiate itself? For all of the woes I've heard about PayPal, there's more legitimate woes about who can disrupt this industry without spending a ridiculous amount in fraud prevention costs and government regulations.

</comment><comment><USER6> Taking on PayPal directly? For all PayPal's faults, at least I can use them for when based in the UK or in Poland.

</comment><comment><USER7> Yup - US only. unhappy face.

</comment><comment><USER8> This seems as though it would change the character of WePay's business enough that it might now be considered a money transmitter.</comment>


New Stackexchange like site for Ubuntu Q&A - <AUTHOR> http://ubuntu.shapado.com

<comment><USER2> A week before Stack Exchange launches their version: <http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/7716/ubuntu>

It would be great if one of these ended up superseding (at least some parts of) the current Ubuntu forums. Too often the "winning" replies are buried a few pages into the thread, and the information isn't updated as Ubuntu evolves.

Edit: I'm not saying Stack Exchange is better, just that there's going to be a fight!

<comment><AUTHOR> But it's only for English speaking users, and as you say it's not even out yet. Also: <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1556075>

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> Note: This is NOT a Stack Exchange site. "Stack Exchange" is a trademark of Stack Overflow Inc and may not be used to identify anything except Q&A websites built on the technology of Stack Overflow Inc. It might be understandable for a third party to make this mistake, but the submitter is the creator of Shapado himself, and is quite aware that his software is not Stack Exchange.

<http://stackoverflow.com/legal/trademark-guidance>

Perhaps coincidentally, the private beta of the _real_ Ubuntu Stack Exchange has just begun. The site will open up to the public in 7 days:

<http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/7716/ubuntu>

<http://ubuntu.stackexchange.com/>

<comment><AUTHOR> > Note: This is NOT a Stack Exchange site. "Stack Exchange" is a trademark of > Stack Overflow Inc and may not be used to identify anything except Q&A > websites built on the technology of Stack Overflow Inc.

You should re-read the title, it says "stackexchange _like_ site", not "stackexchange site". Also this site has the support of many from Canonical, the company that owns Ubuntu.

> Perhaps coincidentally, the private beta of the real Ubuntu Stack Exchange > has just begun

But stackexchange is only for English speaking people. How about people from South America like myself or the rest of the world? Shapado supports many languages <http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Translating:Shapado/stats> and integrates with more services, including Launchpad from Ubuntu. Also, Shapado is open source which is more in the spirit of Ubuntu.

<comment><USER3> I realize Shapado is basically a clone of the software, but identifying it as "Stack Exchange" even with "like" after it is still a trademark violation. You don't see advertisements for "Toyota-like" cars or "Apple-like" computers for precisely that reason.

<comment><USER4> I'm having a hard time believing that trademark violation is the _precise_ reason Apple and Toyota don't make stupid advertisements. I think it's because they don't want to make stupid advertisements.

If OP wants to compare one website to his, I think that's fine. He's not an established brand, and this comparison helps me understand what to expect. He's not claiming his site is part of the Stack Exchange network, he's just saying it's similar. If he used any other term of comparison, like "better than" "worse than" "faster than" "slower than" I don't think you'd mind. So what's so bad about using "like" ?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><AUTHOR> This is supported by some people at Canonical such as [http://www.fabianrodriguez.com/blog/2010/07/19/an- invitation...](http://www.fabianrodriguez.com/blog/2010/07/19/an-invitation- to-try-ubuntus-qa-on-shapado-com/)

Shapado has the advantage of being localized in many languages so that not only English speakers can ask and answer questions. Also just like Ubuntu, Shapado is 100% free and open source.

</comment><comment><USER5> Shapado works like a charm, it's free, opensource, supports l10n and has many other great features. What else can we ask for? There's no possible comparison with a closed, for only english speakers application. Shapado is the way!

<comment><USER6> My only problem with Shapado is that, I don't know how to say that nicely, it's just simply hideous (in my opinion, at least). I'm not talking about major things, I mean a bunch of minor things such as things not lining up perfectly to the natural grid of the page, inconsequently used font sizes, etc. Nothing a professional graphic designer couldn't fix in a day.

<comment><USER7> This is the first time I saw a Shapado site. In fact, I just learned its existence. Yet, in 3 minutes browsing the site I found may issues that raised a red flag.

They made some very primary design mistakes. Observe the schema of question URLs, for example. They don't contain any numeric identifier, only the normalized contents of the title of the question. This means that:

1\. Sooner than later the database indexing of questions from URL contents will become a bottleneck. In the best case, the whole URL has to be hashed and the (non-unique) hash looked up in the database. If it had a unique number, the application can just snap that part of the URL to uniquely retrieve a single entry. Also, if load balancing becomes important in the future, having a short unique identifier easily accessible in the URL is very important.

2\. If the title of a question changes, either the URL changes too (which is not good (<http://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/URI>) and causes problems) or the URL has to stay unchanged with the old contents of the title.

Another issue:

Country flags are displayed along usernames. I can't find the reference here, but this is a touchy subject in some cultures. Some cultures don't like to see flags for other countries, or don't want their flags to appear in a computer screen.

<comment><AUTHOR> 1\. We don't allow two questions with the same title, so I don't see how it will become a bottlenec. Can you explain please?

2\. We already take care of that, the old urls are still valid, we just make a redirection with permanently moved code.

About flags: People can choose not to show them on their settings page. Also, no big deal.

<comment><USER7> 1\. Not allowing two questions with the same title is yet another design issue, not a feature. Avoid making unique indexes on every field unnecessarily. Lets call it problem "3" then, I'll go back shortly to it.

Back to problem 1, if you use the normalized title as your primary key, you will have to map this key to the tuple, value or document stored in the database. The title of a question is supposed to be a free-form textual redaction written by the user to express his/her inquiry or idea. It can be arbitrarily short or long. You will probably have to set a low limit to it, because you don't want people dumping kilobytes of text in the title, but it also can't be too short, otherwise people won't be able to express themselves. Is the maximum length chosen for the title of a question appropriate also for the primary key of your table?

In order to be a primary key, the database has to compare the entire key against an index of keys present in the table. If all N characters are part of the key, it means that this lookup is O(N) on average (just transversing the key, plus the index lookup itself), because it has to consider the whole string. Compare with O(1) of an unique numeric identifier.

But you then say that you can hash the original key and use the hash result to lookup the index in O(1). Yes, but hashes are not unique. Two different strings may result in the same hash. The index has to consider that any key may contain multiple tuples, in a bucket or in a linked list, or something else. An additional O(N) compare is necessary to recheck that you indeed got the right result or some other result which happens to have the same hash.

But you then say that you will limit the size of the key in the db indexing. Still not good. This doesn't work well since the key comes from the title, and the title is free-form text entered by the user. If you limit to, say, 64 characters, what if two users type two similar but different questions with only the last characters differing?

So, it is much more work either to your app or to your database to use a big key instead of a short unique id. It means that if your app which would be able to handle 1000 reqs/sec with short unique ids, it ends up handling only around 200 reqs/sec using big primary keys (depending on how big is the key, the hashing function used, etc). This is the bottleneck.

If it grows and you hit some hardware limits, and then you think about load balancing, it also means that you will have to implement the same costly algorithms on the load balancers. The load balancers will have to hash your URLs in order to decide to which DB cluster to redirect the request, while if it had a short unique ID it would be extremely easy for the load balancer to perform the distribution based on the that ID.

And then, long URLs. Long URLs are terrible, in many, many ways. While analyzing the sites, I found conflicting results about what Shapado does with long URLs. In shapado.com they seem to be capped, while in ubuntu.shapado.com they are not:

[http://shapado.com/questions/besides-shapado-which-other- qa-...](http://shapado.com/questions/besides-shapado-which-other-qa-open-sour)

[http://ubuntu.shapado.com/questions/what-s-the-most-well- int...](http://ubuntu.shapado.com/questions/what-s-the-most-well-integrated- monitoring-solution-on-ubuntu-zenoss-zabbix-or-cacti-+nagios)

I don't know why the difference (different versions or configuration?). Anyways, you will find that people will copy-paste these URLs into their broken e-mail programs, which will arbitrarily break the URLs in all different lengths varying from 68 to 80 characters. If you use the entire length of the URL as your key, you immediately have a problem. If you decide to consider only the first N characters as your key, then you go back to the other problem above about two questions with only the last characters different. It is much better to have the short unique ID earlier in the URL. In this case, if the latter part is missing, the app uses the ID and either ignore the rest or send a 302 redirect with the correct URL.

Finally, the normalization takes out some characters from the title, most notably punctuation. I haven't tested, but the immediate question is: What if the user asks "どのようにケーキを焼くために?" ?

Now you open a real can of worms. If normalization considers only ASCII alphanumeric, the key generated by this title is empty. If normalization considers Unicode, you it may have to handle different Unicode normal forms. You will have even more issues with the URL being copy-pasted around in different broken applications. It will also overflow faster when percent- encoding the URL, because each CKJ character expands to up to three UTF-8 octets, and each octet expands to three bytes after percent-encoding. So a single "焼" is becomes 9 bytes long in an URL.

Enough of point number one? Next...

2\. Then, what happens user asks "What is Unix?" and then he explains the question and it becomes clear that what he really wanted to know was about Linux, and the question is changed to "What is Linux?". (At this point, you will have two different keys pointing to the same document). After that, someone else comes and asks again "What is Unix?", now with a different meaning of "Unix"? What happens? How does it degrade to the point-of-view of the user?

Also, now, knowing how the system works (as you explained), anyone could go there and exploit all the short titles to create permanent redirects to their favorite questions. Just go there and ask "k", then change the question to anything else that is perhaps useful (for a spammer, for example). Now that guy "earned" the /question/k short URL for his product or his biased question.

3\. Not allowing two questions with the same title based on your feeling that such cases will not exist is like saying that you will make a persons birth timestamp an unique index because you never saw two people who where born at the same date and the same time. Again, the title is a free-form textual redaction from the user. You may not see with the limited scope that Shapado has today, but what about future uses? What about different languages with a more limited vocabulary that doesn't allow much expressiveness, and question clashes are more common? In fact, it is not necessary to go that far. Lets keep it in technical computing English. For example, one user asks:

        "What is ASP?"

Is he asking about Active Server Pages? Or perhaps Auxiliary Storage Pool? Maybe Application Service Provider or even AppleTalk Session Protocol? Ok, you can edit the question to reflect one of these many meanings, but it is still an unnecessary burden on the users. Again, how does it degrade if users hit this limitation?

The ultimate question is: do you really need to create such an artificial limitation in your application, with so little information about its real- world uses (since the project is very recent)?

Well, that is it.

Please, don't get me wrong. It is great to see such a project being born. I'm always happy to see the open-source community growing and evolving. Take this as a constructive criticism. All these points raised above are really things that should have been considered in the design phase of the project, not after it is deployed.

<comment><USER7> Adding another bit from experience. About the URL from shapado.com I mentioned above, which had its length capped: If you have to limit the length of the URL (or any text string in general), try doing it at word boundaries to reduce the chances of disrupting the meaning of the text. In the title mentioned above, "Source" became "sour".

Think about what happens to "I saw him beating that assassin" if an application decided to cap the string to 26 characters to fit an URL, for example.

Breaking between words reduces the chances of these accidents happening. Sometimes it is not possible (the title is a single big word, or in a language without spaces), in which cases you may want to degrade to the normal slicing.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Superuser.com and ubuntuforums.org have worked well for me.</comment>


King.com, Maker of Candy Crush, files for IPO - <AUTHOR> http://money.cnn.com/2014/02/18/technology/candy-crush-ipo/

<comment><USER2> Seems like a gutsy move considering King's only really breakout hit was Candy Crush a game that will undoubtedly not be nearly as popular as it was in 2013, in 12 months time.

This is a smart move though, cash in while they still can and then jump out of the ship before it hits the financial iceberg and sinks. Unless they can release another popular game, I can't see King being a worthwhile investment for anyone and the only people coming out on top will be a select few.

I don't mean to sound cynical, but seems filing for IPO is the new trendy thing to do nowadays. Companies with serious flaws, King's being they have one single product they can't really iterate upon to keep relevant. For all we know though, this makes King stronger and they'll release more popular games, seems they have the chops to pull off another hit again. Halfbrick did it like 3 times over, it's not impossible.

<comment><USER3> I see it as a LinkedIn strategy. No real future, ephemeral momentum, and likely a press-release driven stock price. Is there a merchandising angle to their games?

<comment><USER4> LinkedIn (LNKD) is one of the world's largest Internet companies by market capitalization and is worth $23b. The company saw $1.5b top-line revenue in 2013 and over 50% revenue growth from 2012 and has been around for 8 years with steady growth. These are totally different companies and require completely different valuation models.

[https://www.google.com/finance?q=NYSE%3ALNKD](https://www.google.com/finance?q=NYSE%3ALNKD)

<comment><USER3> Different valuation models, sure, but culturally possibly more similar. Maybe I'm just hoping against hope, but LNKD seems to have a consistently precarious position as this decade's Dice or Indeed.com or any other HR substitute company, and much less as the social network that their valuation would appear to be based upon.

But this is all just digression, so I'll basically concede the point.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Investors will have to be very confident that the company is capable of producing another huge smash hit. Generally the pattern has been cashing in on the hype of the _previous_ smash hit, then falling into a sort of sophomore slump, then death by inches.

King has certainly squandered a decent chunk of its gaming-community good will by this whole candy/saga trademark business. That probably doesn't amount to a lot of its users, however, and even fewer of its paying users.

<comment><USER6> > King has certainly squandered a decent chunk of its gaming-community good > will by this whole candy/saga trademark business.

Ironically, I was about to say something like "I guess this explains the recent trademark business; they're trying to look like they're protecting their IP so they look better to investors.". And here you are saying the opposite. Is it possible that the same move could increase the perceived value to investors while actually decreasing it by squandering user goodwill?

<comment><USER5> I guess we'll know soon! Clearly it shows that they are willing to address issues on the business side with (perhaps excessive) zeal, but it also shows their audience that they are a heartless and clueless _gaming_ company. Of course, it's not like other billion-dollar gaming companies have died on account of their heartlessness and cluelessness.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> The shares are poised for a spectacular collapse as Candy Crush eventually slows down. However, there is a real business behind King that has nothing to do with flash-in-the-pan apps. King.com's primary business was, until recently, a skill games tournament site. They are the largest such site in the world and have been in business for over 10 years. They still own it but have rebranded that part of the business as RoyalGames.com. Only about $20 million of their revenue came from this business in 2013, but that is the only predictable part of the company. The rest is sure to go down from where it is today.

If you buy the shares, base the value on the Royal Games revenue - not on mobile apps that will quickly lose steam. It's about 1% of revenue. Take their IPO price, subtract 99%, and you have the appropriate valuation.

</comment><comment><USER8> "The company generates revenue by selling virtual items to a small fraction of its players who wish to enhance their playing experience" should read "The company generates revenue by psychologically manipulating players into spending money in order to progress through the game"

<comment><USER9> It actually is rather solidly into gambling territory. It's basically a worse version of pachinko or even slot machines. It's primary purpose is to draw the user in to addiction in an unregulated system of player manipulation. There is nothing preventing those pathetic savages at king.com from implementing algorithms that manipulate the odds and outcomes to trigger users making in- games purchases.

<comment><USER10> A friend who works at a similar casual gaming company has told me exactly this. They a/b test giving the player a "run of luck", to see how that improves conversion.

<comment><USER11> That sounds like every startup, ever.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> This doesn't have to end badly if investors price the shares appropriately during the IPO process.

Not all revenue is alike and investors will apply a higher multiple when revenue is sustainable. I see substantial risk in much of King's revenue primarily because there isn't enough track record to know if it is repeatable and if their sources of customer acquisition will continue in a profitable way.

A good comp company would be Zynga (ZNGA) who rose to ~$1.3b in revenue in 2012 and fell 33% to the $870m range in 2013 and they now claim revenue has stabilized. In Zynga's case, I'd say much of their revenue was also indefensible yet they managed to hold on to much of it despite Facebook cutting off Zynga's traffic. Zynga is currently valued at $4.2b or $2.9b in enterprise value when you deduct out the asset value on the balance sheet. That means Zynga trades at around 3.5x gross revenue which is similar to Supercell's recent valuation in their sale to GungHo. Investors in Zynga made the mistake of assuming that Zynga's revenue would continue its meteoric rise and priced it ahead of its actual revenue.

Therefore, in King's case, a 3.5x revenue multiple on its 2013 trailing revenue might not be appropriate given that they already saw revenue decline in Q4 2013 sequentially. I'd therefore say that 33% (possibly as much as 50%) is at risk in King's revenue so applying a very conservative 50% discount to their top-line would put it in the $1b range, and then apply a 3.5x multiple on top of that and King would be worth $3.5b in my book today. Given that I'm an investor and would expect a return on my money, and also that a lot of retail investors were burned with the Zynga IPO, investors might want a 10-20% discount on this price to ensure that it outperforms the market.

Relevant sources:

[http://recode.net/2014/02/18/here-comes-the-candy-crush- ipo-...](http://recode.net/2014/02/18/here-comes-the-candy-crush-ipo- after-a-1-9-billion-year-king-gets-ready-to-go-public/)

[https://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3AZNGA](https://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3AZNGA)

[http://mitchlasky.biz/ea-and-the-future/](http://mitchlasky.biz/ea-and-the- future/)

[http://mitchlasky.biz/should-venture-capital-fund-games- comp...](http://mitchlasky.biz/should-venture-capital-fund-games-companies/)

</comment><comment><USER12> So they don't expect any additional growth anymore and have decided this is the point they need to cash in.

<comment><USER13> Sell this racehorse before they need to give it away to the glue factory.

</comment></comment><comment><USER14> Waiting for this: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3361212](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3361212)

</comment><comment><USER15> Can somebody outline how society would benefit if this company received "public" money?

This is not meant as a flame, I am generally curious.

<comment><USER16> So that the company can invest in future products and sell them to customers. If successful the investors make money, the company pays developers and customers enjoy whatever games the company makes.

The money is not 'public' in the sense of belonging to the government, but public in the sense that anyone can invest through the share market.

</comment></comment><comment><USER17> I think they would have a very big plan ahead and they planned it for the IPO (or its a new trendy way for fraud) :)

</comment><comment><USER17> One of the reasons the game is so successful is because of manipulating and simulating human behavior

[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-1050994](http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-1050994)

</comment><comment><USER18> Zynga 2.0.

<comment><USER19> Not even. Zynga had more than one hit to its name before IPO.

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> The end result of this will be a fantastic shareholder lawsuit.

<comment><USER21> Over what?

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> I don't see this going good

</comment><comment><USER23> Does anyone else thinks that IPOs these days are just a sophisticated form of fraud?

<comment><USER24> No. Why would you say that? Nobody is forcing anyone to buy any share from this IPO.

<comment><USER25> Fraud has nothing to do with force. Fraud is based in deceit.</comment></comment></comment>


An Arsonist Destroyed an Ancient Wonder of the World for Modern Reasons - <AUTHOR> https://medium.com/lessons-from-history/an-arsonist-destroyed-a-wonder-of-the-world-for-modern-reasons-85e4779d59f7 <comment><USER2> > The man who committed the act was said to be <OMITTED>, and the ancients > attempted to wipe his name away from history.

Right, so maybe stop spreading it around? I mean, it's the only way to defeat him.

<comment><USER3> Herostratus Herostratus Herostratus

Censorship of history should be resisted, and the chance that this was his actual name is slim. And there were no doubt a great many other Herostratus' who didn't appreciate having to suddenly be embarrassed about their names.

The name "Gary" is disappearing for similar reasons. One criminal by the stagename Gary Glitter and suddenly a perfectly respectable real name is forgotten.

[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/are-you- call...](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/are-you-called-gary- your-name-could-soon-be-its-way-becoming-completely-extinct-10096168.html)

<comment><USER4> It probably has little-to-no effect on the decline in popularity of the name (especially looking at the time lines), but 'A Gary' has been a pejorative term for a bad skier for at least 20 years, if not longer.

<comment><USER5> I ski, but I've never heard of "a Gary". Can I ask whereabouts you live?

<comment><USER4> I'm in the Pacific Northwest (from Portland, currently in Southern Oregon, moving to Bend in a few weeks). I heard the term primarily from East Coasters when I skied at Alta way-back-when. By the time I was skiing all over the place, around '04, it was ubiquitous everywhere I skied, at least for park skiers - Colorado, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Montana... It was the ski equivalent of n00b. I'm old now, so I'm not sure if it has had any longevity as a slang term.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> It was rebuilt, though. The final destruction was by evangelical Christians around 407 AD. They couldn't tolerate competition.[1][2]

[1] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_l...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_late_Roman_Empire)

[2] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis#Final_destru...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis#Final_destruction)

</comment><comment><USER7> Paywalled article. Is there another source?

<comment><USER8> [https://outline.com/hUmf74](https://outline.com/hUmf74)

<comment><USER7> Thanks!</comment></comment></comment>


FDA approves first generic version of EpiPen - <AUTHOR> https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/08/16/fda-approves-first-generic-version-of-epipen/ <comment><USER2> From the article

> _Other epinephrine injectors have been approved before, but they struggled > to gain market share against a brand that used lobbying and marketing to > establish a virtual monopoly on the market._

This got me thinking that consumers are at fault as well. But then I read the following from the linked article[0].

> _"Their most brilliant maneuver, clearly, was giving them [EpiPens] away to > schools and making it the thing that they could say, 'Well, the nurse knows > how to use it,' " said R. Adams Dudley, a pulmonologist at the University of > California at San Francisco. "What are the parents afraid of? Their child > will be away from them, and they won't be there to use it. If they can say > the school nurse knows how to use an EpiPen; she's never seen an Adrenaclick > ... It's just a fear thing."_

With such (understandable) absolute risk averseness what is the way out?..

[0] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/2016/08/25/7...](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/2016/08/25/7f83728a-6aee-11e6-ba32-5a4bf5aad4fa_story.html)

<comment><USER3> > This got me thinking that consumers are at fault as well.

It's also partially the doctors. If a doctor writes a prescription as "EpiPen," then the pharmacist has to provide a drug with the brand EpiPen. The doctor has to specify "EpiPen or generic equivalent" on the prescription in order for the pharmacist to be able to fill it with a generic. If doctors don't realize that EpiPen is a name brand -- and "EpiPen" is so ubiquitous as to be nearly genericized at the point -- then doctors may not realize the issue.

<comment><USER4> This isn't typically true -- If a doctor writes a Rx for Lipitor, it'll almost never be filled with the Brand Name Lipitor. All insurance and most formularies expect that the generic will be provided. Doctors have to write "DAW" or "Dispense as Written" on the Rx for the patient to receive the brand name when a generic is available.

AJM Confirming that all states have Generic Substitution laws to lower drug costs: [https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(10)01087-9/abstrac...](https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343\(10\)01087-9/abstract)

<comment><USER5> But to date, delivery devices like the adrenaclick have not been considered equivalent to epipen. Some states permit a substitution in these cases (a 'BX' rating instead of 'AB'), but many do not allow it without getting clarification from the prescriber.

<comment><USER6> > But to date, delivery devices like the adrenaclick have not been considered > equivalent to epipen. Some states permit a substitution in these cases (a > 'BX' rating instead of 'AB'), but many do not allow it without getting > clarification from the prescriber.

Because, unlike the generic version described in the original article, none of those were generic versions of the EpiPen. They were alternate delivery systems.

<comment><USER7> Some of the ones pulled in 2007 or 2008 were generic versions of the EpiPen that existed at the time.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> While there are other epinephrine auto-injectors on the market (auvi-q and adrenaclick) the big difference here is that this is considered a "generic" version of the EpiPen. The significance is that pharmacists can recommend that a prescription for an EpiPen be replaced with this, where they cannot with the others on the market. I will also note that the cost of the EpiPen is not due to the drug, it is the patent on the auto-injector which is set to expire in 2025. If you wanted to actually improve this product, you would follow the SpaceX model and allow replaceable cartridges for the auto-injector instead of throwing away the entire housing when the medicine expires every 18 months.

<comment><USER9> > allow replaceable cartridges for the auto-injector

I think the risk of reusing injection equipment is chance of infection. Also a more reasonable solution to the wastage is to do a long term study to extend the expiry date. The drug manufacturer don't do a long study because of the lost time plus potential extra sales.

<comment><USER8> I am still for single use, but if it is unused and the medicine expires people throw away the entire thing. The reason for replacement every 18 months is that the medicine expires, if you could just replace the medicine if you didn't use it you may see cost savings. However, I am just spitballing here and it is likely that there are reasons why this cannot come to fruition which I have not considered thoroughly.

<comment><USER9> Most of the cost is just the patent exclusivity plus paying for R&D/testing. If someone invents a new mechanism it will have to start over again and will stay expensive for another decade or two.

The simpler thing is do enough testing to extend the life of the current solution to 3-5 years. The manufacturer will have no incentive to do that unless there is some competition.

[https://www.npr.org/sections/health- shots/2017/07/18/5372578...](https://www.npr.org/sections/health- shots/2017/07/18/537257884/that-drug-expiration-date-may-be-more-myth-than- fact)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> A good next step would be to make it easier to buy the injectors. In California, if you're not a medical professional, you need a first aid and CPR course to buy one. This is for a device whose commercials consist of six year olds explaining how to use it, and one that can be life-saving if someone has an allergic attack in the backcountry (where lots of previously unknown attacks happen, because of unusual foods/insects).

<comment><USER11> Requiring some base level of medical training sounds reasonable... Epinephrine injections can have dangerous side effects, so making sure the person with the pen knows when to use it sounds like a good policy.

If you're worried about backcountry safety, taking a first aid class is probably more useful than carrying an epipen.

</comment></comment><comment><USER12> The cost of the non-Epipen / generic auto-injectors are still very high. Usually at least $109 for a 2-pack, from what I can tell, and often $200+ in some places. How much will these cost without insurance? Sometimes there are coupons available from the manufacturer, I guess. But why should I need to jump through these hoops? These injectors lose efficacy over time and need to be replaced regularly for those that need to have them available for a severe allergy.

Epinephrine costs maybe $5 for a dosage. It's been sold for over 100 years. It's a WHO essential medicine for anaphylaxis, and is life saving for humans and pets. It's the same thing with other critical hormones like insulin.

The market for this stuff (even with generics) doesn't work. We know how much these drugs cost to manufacture and it's very little. Essential medicines with overwhelming human impact need to have strict pricing regulation that makes them available worldwide at close to the manufacturing cost.

<comment><USER7> GoodRx estimates cash prices (they are the PBM for the transaction, not insurance). They say $109 at a couple places:

[https://www.goodrx.com/adrenaclick?drug- name=adrenaclick&for...](https://www.goodrx.com/adrenaclick?drug- name=adrenaclick&form=package&dosage=2-auto-injectors- of-0.3mg&quantity=1&days_supply=&label_override=epinephrine%20\(Adrenaclick\))

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> I've always had high-deductible insurance and for many years I specifically had allergists write me prescriptions for generic Adrenaclick. I've been to Rite Aid, Walgreens, Target, and CVS and they always magically fill it with a name brand Epi-pen. The pharmacy techs always refuse to fix it saying they can only fill it with the brand name. I have to insist on speaking to the actual pharmacist who apologizes, corrects the issue, and explains to the pharmacy tech how it works.

My physicians are writing the prescription properly. One year out of frustration I made my doctor actually write "Adrenaclick" and "may substitute with generic" and they still filled it with an Epi and the tech tried to argue with me that "Adrenaclick" was another word for "Name brand Epi-pen"

Last 2 years my allergist let me know Auvi-Q will give you them for free as long as you have any commercial insurance. They submitted the paperwork, I answered one call confirming my address and I got four Auvi-Q injectors in the mail the next day. Glad I didn't have to pay $100+ and argue at the pharmacy.

</comment><comment><USER14> > This approval means patients living with severe allergies who require > constant access to lifesaving epinephrine should have a lower-cost option, > as well as another approved product to help protect against potential drug > shortages.

I live in Canada, and there are already drug shortages. You cannot buy any EpiPens in Canada. Period. For whatever reason, we are all out. I had an allergic reaction this week, and took a gamble to go the emergency room before the anaphylaxis really kicked in, because I only have one (expired) EpiPen left and want to save it until I'm really desperate. Each EpiPen costs $35 to manufacture,and I have no idea how a multi-billion dollar company like Mylan can have a manufacturing shortage of a life-saving drug, especially given their 17x (!) profit margin. I'm usually not a religious person, but I can only hope there's a hell so those corporate executives can rot in it.

<comment><USER15> Is Adrenaclick available in Canada?

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> IMO the AuviQ was a much better device. It was more compact and included audio instructions on how to use it. I'm glad to see someone is trying to bring it back.

</comment><comment><USER17> Does this use the same autoinjector as the EpiPen? Because as I understand it generic epinephrine autoinjectors already exist, but they use a different autoinjector technology that isn't as easy to use as an EpiPen.

Edit: We talked about them when we were using the EpiPen trainers in the first aid class I took.

<comment><USER18> The main barrier to other auto-injectors, as I understand it, is that doctor's prescriptions for "EpiPens" couldn't be used to purchase them. With these that apparently isn't the case.

<comment><USER19> Mind you, the patient could ask for a prescription for the alternative products, and the doctor could suggest it. If the patient doesn't, it's probably out of ignorance. If the doctor doesn't... it could be ignorance too.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> Just going to leave this here

It Costs $30 to Make a DIY EpiPen, and Here's the Proof - MIT Technology Review MIT Technology Review

[https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.technologyreview.com/s/6024...](https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.technologyreview.com/s/602422/it- costs-30-to-make-a-diy-epipen-and-heres-the-proof/amp/)

<comment><USER21> Recently on HN, too: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17629436](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17629436)

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> And then there is this: [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/24/us/politics/pharmacy- bene...](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/24/us/politics/pharmacy-benefit- managers-gag-clauses.html)

The trick is getting people who need epipens to ask the pharmacist if they have the generic version available.

</comment><comment><USER23> I'll just leave this here [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-24/generic-d...](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-24/generic- drug-companies-said-to-face-first-charges-in-u-s-probe) (Teva and Mylan)

</comment><comment><USER24> Ah, the beauty of the free market at work! This is an awesome accomplishment and I hope to see more things like this!

</comment><comment><USER25> For anyone who wants a good background on why this is a big deal:

[http://slatestarcodex.com/2016/08/29/reverse-voxsplaining- dr...](http://slatestarcodex.com/2016/08/29/reverse-voxsplaining-drugs-vs- chairs/)

</comment><comment><USER26> Is this old news? I bought a generic epipen in 2016

<comment><USER27> Your generic EpiPen was actually a Mylan EpiPen with a different sticker and a slight discount. (but somehow cost 2-3 times what an EpiPen cost 5 or 10 years ago). This was manufactured by Teva and will provide actual competition to Mylan.

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> do we really need auto-injectors? what about a syringe that is administered much faster than a normal syringe? (slight distinction)</comment>


Soul Machines - <AUTHOR> https://www.soulmachines.com <comment><USER2> > _The World's First Autonomously Animated Digital Influencer_

Influencers are people who plug products on their Instagram/YouTube/Twitter pages. They're the TV pitchmen of this century. Now that real humans are no longer required for this task, we can say we've finally reached a point where the archetypal "soulless corporate automation" can be an actual soulless corporate automation.

<comment><USER3> Add automated buyers responding to automated influencers by purchasing goods and services from automated sellers, and we might end up bootstrapping an economy that doesn't need _any_ humans, running in a loop until it eats everything and/or breaks down.

 _I broke my back lifting Moloch to Heaven, and all I got was this lousy Disneyland with no children._

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> The demonstration videos on Soul Machine's website (and also on youtube) show the level of realism is closer to artificial video games (compare to Unreal Engine 4 demo[1]) rather than the advanced and almost-undetectable "deep fakes".

But it doesn't matter that the fake digital personas are not "perfect" and has an "uncanny valley" look to them.

There's various research[2] that says that avatars with "eye contact" or "eye gaze" helps some children learn better. It seems plausible that avatars can also affect mood of customer service interactions or advertising.

If one looks at their technology page[3], it's like taking the Unreal Engine for synthesizing facial expressions combined with A.I. for understanding speech and responding in natural language. I.e. It's like adding a _realtime digital face with emotional affectations_ to Apple Siri or Amazon Alexa.

[1] deep link: [https://youtu.be/Vh9msqaoJZw?t=194](https://youtu.be/Vh9msqaoJZw?t=194)

[2] [https://www.google.com/search?q=avatars+virtual+teacher+lear...](https://www.google.com/search?q=avatars+virtual+teacher+learning+comprehension+"eye+contact")

[3] [https://www.soulmachines.com/technology/](https://www.soulmachines.com/technology/)

</comment><comment><USER5> I was hoping for a masterful reveal in the video, in which the staff discussing soul machines are revealed at the end to be 2nd-gen soul machines.

</comment><comment><USER6> <title>Cannes Festival Home Page - Soul Machines</title>

Is this performance art or did somebody just screw up the title tag?

<comment><USER7> What's wrong with the page title? It has other references to them presenting/ participating in the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity which took place in June.

[https://www.canneslions.com](https://www.canneslions.com)

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> no papers, no patents, pure bullshit.

my guess is that the plan is to hang on and hope that technology will appear that they can use, and that money will appear to allow them to dominate.

they better have very deep pockets, and a lot of patience.

</comment><comment><USER9> The "I am not a robot" reCaptcha is an interesting flavour on the email list.

<comment><USER10> I want to see the soul machines should stage a "google style" protest walkout over that kind of blatant discrimination.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> This reminds me of those attempts to "record" people's consciousnesses by feeding all their digital communications into neural nets. But this is somehow even worse.

</comment><comment><USER12> This reads like the placeholder template text for a landing page sold on Envato.

Credulous VCs deserve the ride they're being taken on

</comment><comment><USER13> Stay in touch (I'm not a robot)</comment>