Google Buzz? More Like Buzz Kill - <AUTHOR> http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/techtonicshifts/archive/2010/02/10/google-buzz-more-like-buzz-kill.aspx

<comment><USER2> I'm a little peeved by the author's parting shot: "a world where nerd engineers get turned loose in a Montessori preschool, and they have no idea about user interface design and, frankly, they don't care. " Everything the author does on the internet was created by these "nerd engineers," most with no expertise in UI design.

Petty quibbles aside, though, the author has a point: Google's services recently have appeared to lean toward the Google-serving with the side-effect of helping Google's userbase at large. Of course, they are a for-profit corporation and this is to be expected, but I think everyone was hoping that "don't be evil" really meant "actively pursue the best interests of the internet, even above profit."

On the other hand, I disagree that Buzz specifically is Google simply trying to punch out other social networking sites. Currently there are three basic types of personal communication online: IM, Email, and Facebook/Twitter. GMail has already combined the first two, and I think it makes logical sense to add the third. It's certainly useful, just maybe not useful and better.

<comment><USER3> Good point on the evil, although I'd have to say I'm a little more than peeved overall with the attacks, if anything the article put me more on Google's side. Yes, Google absorbs startups and imitates any product, but it's competitive edge is the crowd of engineers who say, "Hey, I could do that better". All its expansions are evolutionary, and they take into consideration all the criticism out there better than most others could.

Regardless, if you don't want to Buzz then opt-out, but the competition between Buzz, Twitter, Facebook, and the rest will come down too which are most convenient and affective, followers will take it from there. Right now though, Buzz can easily replace Twitter for me, but theres a way to go before Facebook starts trembling, and I don't think Orcut is joining the show any time soon.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> First, while still having some little bugs, the gmail integration is done really good. That's probably the best thing after looking at buzz for one day.

Second, is this Author pretending to be knowledgable of tech? This blog post is one of the worst informed posts i've seen so far. On a technology he is pretending to know about. I mean the part about Google Wave. He should know, that Wave is not really intended for real use nowadays. There isn't even a client protocol done by the developers! That should tell you about the early state of wave. There also is no federation, i don't see other wave servers connected to google wave popping up. Without a client protocol and several running wave servers, Wave is just tech preview thing, not more.

Third, he probably has missed the new century. People can complain over social networks, but he may have missed that social networks are overtaking mail and IM in terms of communication channel at the young users, the internet population of tomorrow. In that way, integrating buzz with gmail is a _perfect_ fit! That some old guy is complaining will be something we laugh at in a few years.

Anyway, not one point of constructive/objective critisism in this blog post, just "ohhh, i'm scared, i don't want that new stuff, i want my old mail back!!". Why doesn't he unfollow his pre setup followers and be done with it? It's not like Google forces him to read status updates of his friends. All in all, the post is a shame for a blog post that is supposed to be about new technology.

Also, it is worth mentioning, that buzz is probably the most developer friendly and open social network out there <http://code.google.com/intl/de- DE/apis/buzz/> .

<comment><USER5> I think he's complaining from the ordinary consumer (non-geek) point of view. And if such he is perfectly right.

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> Perhaps I am in the large minority but so far I have found Buzz to be engaging and quite useful. I wanted to try out a local restaurant and put the question to Buzz and received eight insightful responses in less than an hour. I enjoy it and I think it has plenty of "stickiness" as a lot of my non-technophobe friends are already using it quite heavily.

<comment><USER7> You could do this same thing on Twitter. Is the already large install base the only thing Google Buzz has going for it?

<comment><USER8> The first time I opened Buzz, I saw random thoughts from people _in my neighborhood_. If you're asking for restaurant suggestions, that's going to be far more helpful than Twitter, where you need to have people following you or searching for something in your tweet for people to ever see it.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> The oddest thing about Buzz was that it's automatically following everybody I've ever conversed with using GMail, whether or not I know them. They successfully avoided the "nobody's here" problem that Wave had, but by opting in everybody who uses GMail, it created the opposite problem.

<comment><USER10> Really? I was only automatically following my real friends.

I keep my full address book in Google Contacts (1000+ ppl, including long-gone friends/workmates/classmates). Perhaps because I use Gmail as my main personal account it was able to figure out who was who.

<comment><USER11> I used gmail for maybe a year many years ago, Google Buzz ended up following people I've never talked to, including someone who spammed me once.

<comment><USER3> Heh, interesting, I'd say it definitely was made to jump start off of Gmail users, works well for everyone I know, but looks like there are exceptions.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> _"Then came Twitter, which is mostly pointless, since I really don't care what anyone else is doing at any particular moment and have no desire to tell others what I'm doing either, but again I joined, mostly because if I didn't get on Twitter I'd look like someone who doesn't "get it," as they say in the Valley, and in my line of work that's a bad reputation to have."_

If that's indeed how people are judging him, this article is not going to help his 'reputation'.

I absolutely understand somebody not using a service (I don't use facebook). But that whole paragraph gives me very little confidence that this is an opinion I should listen to. It could be written by my 50-year-old uncle who's "in IT".

<comment><USER13> "It could be written by my 50-year-old uncle who's "in IT"."

What does that mean? Does your 50-year-old uncle exist? I am 48 and I am "in IT" and I work mostly with men between the ages of 21 and 27. Despite their youth, their very long/very short hair, and their t-shirts, some of them are genuine fuddy-duddies (old-fashioned, conservative, set in their thinking, however you want to call it). The chief focus of their conservatism is an almost religious adherence to doctrine, to how things have been so far in their very short lifetimes.

Here's what someone my age thinks: Google has introduced a "service" that politely adds to the annoyance of our lives. If google cared about what users wanted, they would be improving their core business, search, which is becoming increasingly polluted by spam.

<comment><USER14> (Empirically) statistically, though, the 50+ age group is _significantly_ less up-to-date with internet fads than the below-50 group. Yes, there are exceptions, but a quick glance will inform anyone of the same comparison.

That said, early-20s here, and I'm turning off Buzz. I'm also out of FB. Which makes _me_ one of the oddballs for my age group.

<comment><USER15> _(Empirically) statistically, though, the 50+ age group is significantly less up-to-date with internet fads_

Do you actually have those statistics? I thought the actual statistics were trending the opposite direction:

[http://www.insidefacebook.com/2009/02/02/fastest-growing- dem...](http://www.insidefacebook.com/2009/02/02/fastest-growing-demographic- on-facebook-women-over-55/)

<comment><USER14> First, I do not have the statistics, though now I have supporting statistics. Such a claim cannot be accurately quantified, so not only can I not _ever_ have such statistics, I only claimed that it could be discovered empirically - essentially, by looking at what is, instead of requiring hard fact.

Fastest _growth_ implies nothing without a scale to start with. If there's one 100+ year old on Facebook, and in a single day two more get added, they've got a projected growth rate of over 70,000% per year. Skewed and unmaintainable statistics are effectively worthless.

Look further down the page, especially at the pie chart showing FB use by age group. 45+ amounts to 8% of users (55+ only 3%). The 18-25 group, which I'm in, amounts to 43% single-handedly.

The 45+ group is growing faster than others because they're years behind everyone else, and typically fewer join at all than the earlier adopters. QED.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> Indeed, after taking a quick look at Buzz, I scrolled down to the bottom of gmail and clicked "turn off buzz". Who needs more of this stuff in their life?

<comment><USER17> I'm pretty annoyed that my kids' email accounts suddenly turned into a social networking site - there's a reason I don't let them have Facebook accounts.

<comment><USER18> I understand the complaint, but in this day and age, that's like being annoyed that your microwave and VCR have clocks. Everything is a social networking site now. I had to think for a minute in order to _not_ include some form of profiles and user-to-user messaging in the last app I wrote.

I think it's just a generation gap, though—being younger, I grew up without any expectation of privacy from strangers, and I don't see anything wrong with that, really. I know that everyone else has just as many trite details floating around about them as I do, so there's no reason to single me out. It's like the sociological warfare of cars getting a steering-wheel-locking device/alarm/what have you, but in reverse: every person that _removes_ their car's security is one more person reducing the probability that my car will be the one to get stolen.

<comment><USER19> That's fine until ten years from now someone _really_ wants to make an ass out of _you_ \-- not your friends, not random people, but _you_ \-- and go on a digging spree.

That sort of security by obscurity only works until someone starts looking with a specific thing in mind.

<comment><USER18> It's not security by obscurity, it's security by honesty. You can't blackmail someone with something everyone already knows about them.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> "That is the biggest problem with Buzz—it was invented not for us but for Google. " is right on the spot

<comment><USER21> I get the feeling that all of Google's products were invented for Google to help streamline the way it does things. Gmail, Wave, GChat, Reader ... all of these things have the feel of "we didn't like what was existing in the ecosystem, so we made our own the way we like it."

... and that's a good thing.

<comment><USER22> I doubt that Google ever had the problem "how do we best show ads to internal email users". GMail was marketware from the start. That's neither good nor bad in and of itself, but let's be honest about why Google does anything.

<comment><USER23> Gmail was _not_ marketware from the start. It was an internal tool to which ads were added later.

<comment><USER22> So the legend says.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> "Why does Buzz even exist? Is it because Google wants to make my life better in some way? No. Buzz exists because Google feels threatened by Twitter and Facebook and wants to kill them. Google has become what Microsoft used to be—the Borg, the company that gobbles up ideas from smaller rivals and cranks out lame imitations in an attempt to put the little guys out of business." - he nailed it

<comment><USER24> If the imitation is lame, then that's too bad. But if it becomes better over time _and_ is more open, then that'll be a good thing.

It's always surprising how people can on one hand deplore how closed Facebook is, and how it doesn't have competition and is just becoming a big monopolistic walled-garden, and then when more open competition arrives, they whine that there are too many social networks and that someone else than Google should've done it (oh yeah, who else has the installed user base to compete with Facebook and Twitter?).

<comment><USER5> That definitely is a difficult position for Google to be in, hence they need not to rush with such important decisions as privacy inside the email application.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> Good point. I start to move my e-mail out of Gmail. Their approach to privacy freaks me out.

</comment><comment><USER26> good technology but the first thing I looked for was how to make people unfollow me. It's simply stupid how they forget privacy and only look at the _buzz_ it brings. I will turn it off for now.

<comment><USER27> Go to your contacts and make a new group. Add the people you want to let follow you. Change your privacy settings so that only people in that group can see your "buzz."

Not really intuitive, but I think that's the "official" way to do it.

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> I saw a pretty telling comment on a friend's buzz imported from twitter:

"I'm glad that I can get a glimpse of the twitter life, and not actually have to figure out another social networking thing. Yay!"

This was striking to me. It seems like this Twitter outsider does not view Buzz - something in her gmail - as "another social networking thing." Maybe this looks different to those of us on the outside.

</comment><comment><USER29> I completely disagree. Sure it's easy to take pot shots at companies like Google as soon as they get a little too big/powerful for their _britches_ however to really understand Google's importance, at least one crucial aspect, look at what's going on in China, and now Iran, and somewhat unbelievably now Australia (who apparently are trying to emulate China.)

Systems of real-time communication are critical infrastructure and the ongoing debate over freedom and privacy serves the lesson that there are no easy answers. We do know however that there is an especially interesting, if complex, relationship between technological systems and political freedom and that this is an issue of growing importance.

In short, while Buzz may compete with Twitter (or Facebook) and while a certain number will still use it to tell you what they had for lunch or forward the 2010 equivalent of an email chain letter meme, the reality is that it is just another piece of the puzzle in the emerging web of global communications infrastructure, and has much more far-reaching implications.

</comment><comment><USER30> Product Manager Todd Jackson who presented Buzz seemed really smart and enthusiastic, and that's a really good start for Buzz. There is a need for this type of stream-based social networking.

I think the biggest factors in Buzz's success will be:

\- can Google monetize it: they should do the things that Twitter won't in this respect.

\- will the API be easy enough and presented simply enough for novices to use (eg like Twitter) - but also be complex enough for advanced usage: eg, easy location based stuff

\- can they fully break it out of the Gmail Silo and make it a standalone service. Why not create a new product with independent name, Microsoft Live became Bing. Google Buzz becomes _____

\- can they integrate it with Google Apps email interfaces rather than just GMail

most importantly

\- will they keep engineers and many resources on it, taking in feedback and iterating

<comment><USER31> > \- can Google monetize it: they should do the things that Twitter won't in > this respect.

What they really want is data, so they are already monetizing it

</comment></comment><comment><USER32> here in Zürich, Switzerland, the map is exploding with buzzes of various people all over the place. Sometimes there's even conversation happening between complete strangers, which, trust me on that, is totally uncommon here in Switzerland :-)

In so far, buzz seems to have had a huge impact in the society I live in, so I'm happy.

The very aggressive binding to the location IMHO really emphasizes location dependent communication over general communication - something I have used Twitter for so far and probably will still be using in the future.

But for little, location dependent things like "don't visit restaurant x right now - it's full" or "it looks like the tram is late", buzz is incredibly useful and being heavily used for around here.

That it also spawns conversation between strangers is a nice additional benefit.

</comment><comment><USER33> It is easier to apologize then to get permission first, or so many thought leaders say. So I commend google on making a bold move like that.

They can fix it up later on with some more privacy controls, updates to interface. Facebook is doing it twice a year to their their core product.

</comment><comment><USER34> Buzz should be Google's own starting point for leading into Wave. I think they should turn Wave into the all encompassing aggregator of everything. Then, throw that whole package into Chrome, as opposed to Wave standalone, make it clean/fast, and it would be pretty fun to use. I'd be in Chrome all day without having to load any other social site

</comment><comment><USER35> "Google has copied stuff that people do on Facebook and Twitter and added them to Gmail"

That's a pretty concise summary.

</comment><comment><USER36> Can somebody explain what Buzz actually does?

As far as I can tell, it is filling a tab on my inbox with random messages from people I've never heard of (though presumably are in my email address book or something), saying things like "I am testing Buzz."

How is this supposed to improve my life?

<comment><USER37> Presumably you accepted the default suggested people to follow. Go to the buzz tab, unfollow anyone you don't immediately recognize, and it becomes like facebook except integrated into gmail and only for people you actually communicate with.

Improve your life? I don't think anyone can answer that yet - it depends how people end up using it. And if you decide you don't like it, opt out.

<comment><USER38> Opting out is at the bottom of the page, by the way. It's right next to opting out of chat.

<comment><USER39> It does not opt you out, it only hides buzz from your gmail

Disabling Buzz: <http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10451703-2.html>

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER40> I think the author should stop signing up for new web services. This is the path to happiness, for him.

</comment><comment><USER41> As with most of these things I think it's pretty hard to say whether it's worthwhile until it's been out in the wild for a while. Many people looked at Twitter and thought it was useless initially ("140 characters? Ha!") and that wasn't an accurate prediction.

<comment><USER42> It wasn't? (2 minutes ago from web)

</comment></comment><comment><USER43> I'm just sad that they don't have it for apps yet. I'd like to start using it, but then if it does become available for the email address that I actually use (and that people know about) I don't want to have to start all over.

</comment><comment><USER44> I understand you do not wish to use social networking sites. We all get that from the article.

Instead of turning off _buzz_ you complain about how complicated it is. Who wants to bet me money he didn't spend ten minutes on _buzz_ before deciding it was crap?

Why? Why? Why? Why? ... Why would Google be trying to make you feel guilty? That is so ridiculous- I'm not going to comment any further.

Jesus. Stop complaining. Buzz was invented for me. Maybe for Google too. Not aimed for people, however, like you Mr. Tech writer/author.

I want to rant so much and use ad hominem to its full potential but I won't. I have a feeling I've spent more time writing this post than you did looking at Buzz.

<comment><USER44> If people are going to downvote me, I would appreciate knowing why -other than the fact that I believe the author ignorantly wrote and article, and people don't like to hear what I have to say (sometimes).

<comment><USER41> Not having actually downvoted you I'd say it's because the tone of your comment comes across as rather angry and personal.

Picking apart arguments based on their content seems to get a better reception than attacking their author.

<comment><USER44> Well, I do dislike first impressions because of how judgmental people can be. I would love to take apart the facts of his arguments, but he is just writing opinions and stating features. I'd be wrong to disagree with features, and I dislike his opinions. I believe they are not based off of experience with _Buzz_ but based off of previously held ideals about social networking sites the author has claimed he dislikes. He is applying his view on one thing automatically to another without giving it a shot. He hasn't even given it a couple of days.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER45> classic dissenter view of a new product (or products in this case). newsweek writer pissing on facebook, twitter and buzz in one article.

i guess this is indicative of why i haven't read a newsweek article since never and probably won't unless i am baited into it again.

</comment><comment><USER46> So I just checked into buzz and found a work email buzz from someone who's posted nothing and another person who I have no reason to follow or even care about. So until they get like, I dunno, more than 150 passionate users can we let this Orkut 2.0 clone rest easy?

</comment><comment><USER47> >Then came Twitter, which is mostly pointless, since I really don't care what anyone else is doing at any particular moment and have no desire to tell others what I'm doing either

Does anyone still use Twitter that way?

<comment><USER11> I use Twitter to read news, updates from organizations and look at space pictures from astronauts. I kind of have replaced Google Reader with Twitter.

<comment><USER48> That's interesting. I do use google reader but not twitter.

What does Twitter bring you that google reader cannot?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER49> I think the idea is to integrate buzz, facebook, twitter all into one inbox in your gmail account so you can respond in the same format you got the message in. So it don't matter if your friend is on fb or twitter or whatever you just go to 1 inbox.</comment>


Australia prepared briefing on PRISM before Snowden revelations - <AUTHOR> http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-08/australia-prepared-briefing-on-prism-spying-program/5004290

<comment><USER2> 'we knew about it, and we promise we were going to tell you, honest'.</comment>


LLVM 5.0.0 Release - <AUTHOR> http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-announce/2017-September/000075.html <comment><USER2> > ./configure scripts generated by GNU autoconf determines whether a linker > supports modern GNU-compatible features or not by searching for "GNU" in the > --help message. To be compatible with the scripts, we decided to add a > string "(compatible with GNU linkers)" to our --help message. This is a > hack, but just like the web browser's User-Agent string (which everyone > still claim they are "Mozilla/5.0"), we had no choice other than doing this > to claim that we accept GNU-compatible options.

[http://releases.llvm.org/5.0.0/tools/lld/docs/ReleaseNotes.h...](http://releases.llvm.org/5.0.0/tools/lld/docs/ReleaseNotes.html)

Even though I wrote it, I found this part a bit funny. Configure scripts are hacky by their nature, and we needed another hack to make their hack work. I'm not happy about that though.

<comment><USER3> Yup, this is why feature detection is better than version detection.

jQuery changed their strategy in 2009: [http://blog.jquery.com/2009/01/14/jquery-1-3-released/](http://blog.jquery.com/2009/01/14/jquery-1-3-released/)

"No More Browser Sniffing"

Also, autoconf has a lot of faults, but as far as I recall it's firmly based on the philosophy of feature detectino vs. version detection.

Maintainers of packages can write bad custom checks that test for features, but if you use the built-in autoconf checks, they're all about features.

CMake on the other hand seems to use version detection more, which I don't like.

<comment><USER4> It helps when you have a platform that supports feature detection reliably. Most platforms don't have that lucky accident.

<comment><USER3> What's an example where of a feature of cc or ld that you can't detect with feature detection?

Shell scripts are turing complete and can do arbitrary I/O. In theory you can write a feature detection for any feature by compiling, linking, and running a test program. If the feature couldn't be detected this way, then it would be useless.

Likewise, JavaScript and DOM features should always be detectable by eval(). I guess one instance where it's impossible is if the API changes the pixels on the screen and does nothing else.

Although you can actually detect this in some cases with JavaScript! JavaScript can leak information through the colors of attributes on the screen, e.g. you can tell if a user visited a site by looking if the link is purple!

<comment><USER5> No modern browser lets you know the state of a:visited and will lie to you if you query for colors etc. In fact if you can find a way for js to determine if a link has been visited you are likely qualified for $$$ bug rewards (which has happened)

<comment><USER6> >No modern browser lets you know the state of a:visited

There are loads of ways to extract that information, and the number increases all the time as browsers get more complex. It's not something browser vendors actually consider to be a bug. They have historically only 'fixed' the trivial methods of getting the visited status because it became an issue that was widely publicised. If they cared at all they would never have implemented features like Shared Array Buffers.

This stuff is all sitting in years old open bug reports. Nobody cares.

[https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=884270](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=884270) Link Visitedness can be detected by redraw timing

[https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=508166](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=508166) Security: Chrome provides high-res timers which allow cache side channel attacks

Further reading on some of the exciting new timing attacks added to web standards in recent years:

[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.07373v2.pdf](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.07373v2.pdf) The Spy in the Sandbox – Practical Cache Attacks in Javascript

[https://www.contextis.com/resources/white-papers/pixel- perfe...](https://www.contextis.com/resources/white-papers/pixel-perfect- timing-attacks-with-html5) Pixel Perfect Timing Attacks with HTML5 (now fixed because you could use it to steal the contents of any page)

[http://www.cs.vu.nl/~herbertb/download/papers/anc_ndss17.pdf](http://www.cs.vu.nl/~herbertb/download/papers/anc_ndss17.pdf) ASLR on the Line: Practical Cache Attacks on the MMU

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> This is the first time I can see Zig lang [1]. (Self-proclaimed?) C successor with manual memory management, ironed out edge cases, new take on error handling (that resembles well written error handling in C), generics, compile time reflection/execution (macros?), import .h works directly, exporting to C works directly, nullable types etc... all sound quite interesting actually. Anybody has experience/comments on the Zig lang, please?

[1] [http://ziglang.org/](http://ziglang.org/)

<comment><USER8> _Zig competes with C instead of depending on it. The Zig Standard Library does not depend on libc._

That's an interesting choice. I'm sure there are other semi-recent languages that have made the same choice, it would be interesting to hear the benefits and problems of that approach.

I say semi-recent, because there are of course many from before C or that competed with C and Unix initially, but unless they are still used much (Lisp?) it's not necessarily the best for a comparison of modern issues.

<comment><USER9> Go

<comment><USER8> Are you sure? I'm seeing reports that go sometimes wouldn't run with musl instead of GNU libc, with a runtime segfault[1]. That seems to depend on libc. Are you saying that Go's standard library primitives are not shims (or more complex structures) built on top of libc?

1: [https://github.com/golang/go/issues/14476](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/14476)

<comment><USER10> Go uses libc optionally (for some things like DNS resolving). You can build Go programs which do not utilize libc by disabling cgo and building static binaries. By default the biggest part of Gos stdlib isn't based on libc, but some small parts are.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> One feature I'm excited about in this release is proper support for non- integral address spaces. Allows us to do significantly more optimization in the presence of GC roots in Julia.

</comment><comment><USER12> Does anyone know the state of the project to compile Linux Kernel with clang? Does this release help with such a goal?

<comment><USER13> From an August 23 email ( [https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/llvmlinux/2017-A...](https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/llvmlinux/2017-August/001517.html) )

 _Over the past months efforts have been made to upstream the remaining LLVMLinux patches ([http://llvm.linuxfoundation.org](http://llvm.linuxfoundation.org)) and to address other outstanding issues in order to build a usable kernel with clang. To my knowledge upstream is in a relatively good shape by now for x86 and arm64 (I heard the same about PowerPC, but have no first hand experience), most of the patches are already in Linus' tree, others have landed in maintainer trees._

...

It goes on, but there has been some pretty significant work done, and you can easily compile with clang as your default cc with simple patches.

</comment></comment><comment><USER14> Those LLD benchmarks are looking very impressive! Well done to all involved.

<comment><USER15> Where are you seeing the LLD benchmarks? I'm very curious about the prospect of LLD performance improvements for the benefit of the Rust compiler, and having benchmarks would be lovely.

<comment><USER16> Maybe these [1] ones comparing ld, gold, lld?

[1] [https://lld.llvm.org/#performance](https://lld.llvm.org/#performance)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER17> Better AVR support for Rust? Can anyone comment on this?

<comment><USER14> Well, the AVR backend is being actively developed, I have no idea how good it is. (Although some tooling for embedded systems is rather poor, so one would imagine that LLVM with the right heuristics couldn't do badly).

rustc is apparently ([https://github.com/rust- embedded/rfcs/issues/3](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rfcs/issues/3)) not far of it being usable.

However, I don't regularly write code for uC-ers - and when I do, it's usually simple enough to be in assembly - so I can't really say anymore than that.

<comment><USER18> AVR-Rust author here

The backend itself is working very well - there are only a handful of known bugs at this point, and many projects can be compiled with no issues.

The issue you linked also links to ([https://github.com/rust- lang/rust/issues/44052](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44052)), which shows that once these bugs are fixed, we can start working on merging avr-rust upstream.

A number of projects/libraries have also been developed recently

* [https://github.com/avr-rust/blink](https://github.com/avr-rust/blink) * [https://github.com/avr-rust/avrd](https://github.com/avr-rust/avrd) * [https://github.com/avr-rust/arduino](https://github.com/avr-rust/arduino) * [https://github.com/gergoerdi/rust-avr-chip8-avr](https://github.com/gergoerdi/rust-avr-chip8-avr)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER19> _Added support for AMD Lightweight Profiling (LWP) instructions._

Funnily enough, AMD already deprecated those. They're not in Zen.

</comment><comment><USER20> What's a good reference to get started with LLVM? I've been wanting to write an Oberon-2 compiler, but I don't know what LLVM provides, nor how I might use it from Rust.

<comment><USER21> It provides IR, low level optimization passes, native code generation, and common metadata features (e.g. for debugging). Rust probably has a library somewhere that binds to it.

So you would have to write linking (with help from LLVM), ASTs, high-level optimizations and validation, garbage collection (with help from LLVM), and standard library (or link an existing one). Also intermediate IRs or ASTs you plan on using (for example Rust's MIR) and their infrastructure.

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> > Added heuristics to convert CMOV into branches when it may be profitable

Does anyone know why this is the case? I thought CMOVs are a straight win over branches but I guess modern CPUs might be more complicated than that.

<comment><USER23> "LLVM compiler recognizes opportunities to transform a branch into IR select instruction(s) - later it will be lowered into X86::CMOV instruction, assuming no other optimization eliminated the SelectInst. However, it is not always profitable to emit X86::CMOV instruction. For example, branch is preferable over an X86::CMOV instruction when:

\- Branch is well predicted

\- Condition operand is expensive, compared to True-value and the False-value operands"

[https://reviews.llvm.org/D34769](https://reviews.llvm.org/D34769)

"We have seen periodically performance problems with cmov where one operand comes from memory. On modern x86 processors with strong branch predictors and speculative execution, this tends to be much better done with a branch than cmov. We routinely see cmov stalling while the load is completed rather than continuing, and if there are subsequent branches, they cannot be speculated in turn."

[https://reviews.llvm.org/D36858](https://reviews.llvm.org/D36858)

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> Just in time for Xcode 9? :)

<comment><USER24> Now if only Apple would quit mysteriously stripping out features from the full LLVM release...

<comment><USER25> It seems more likely that they simply don't use upstream release tags and put their changes and maybe backport some changes on top of randomly chosen revision. The same way as Google released Android ndk r15 few months ago with clang "5.0".

The sad part is that their version is neither older or newer than official release as it doesn't contain everything from upstream release and upstream doesn't contain all of their changes yet.

<comment><USER5> It can't possibly be pure coincidence that a major llvm release is timed about one week off from the annual major apple macOS/iOS/toolchain + iPhone hardware release, with their history of employing big llvm contributors?

<comment><USER26> It is. The tool chain going into those releases is locked down months in advance.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Justin.tv – Growing in New Directions (And Hiring) - <AUTHOR> http://blog.justin.tv/justin-tv-growing-in-new-directions-and-hiring/

<comment><USER2> There have been a couple of job postings; is this the same position posted a couple of times, or are you just hiring a bunch of people?

On another note, just how big a part of your traction an traffic has StarCraft 2 (and to some degree Street Fighter IV and other competetive videogames, tournaments and personal streams) been for Justin.tv?

It's also interesting to see all the big StarCraft 2-streamers move to justin.tv from livestream and ustream, so you must be doing something very, very well.

<comment><USER3> We're hiring multiple people - we've already hired two fulltime and one intern from this latest push.

Video game traction has been HUGE for us recently. It's blowing up, we've dedicated an entire team to nothing but supporting the growth.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> I have an unrelated question for the Justin TV folks. Do you guys use TCP or UDP for your videos? Do you use multicast?

I have been wondering about this lately. TCP ensures all packets are delivered, but it may cause delays retransmitting packets, so I am not sure it would work with live TV. Also TCP cannot do multicast. Youtube uses TCP (AFAIK) but you tube is usually not live.

UDP does not waste time retransmitting packets but UDP does not guarantee all packets will arrive. Thus, with UDP you may have dropped packets. In the old times you would just use UDP and accept that there will be occasional quality degradations due to dropped packets, but in the old times streaming video and audio over the internet was really bad.

Nowadays the expectations are so high and the video codecs are so complex, few dropped packets could cause noticeable artifacts.

Anyways, sorry for going off on a tangent. I was just curious.

<comment><USER5> We use TCP because Flash mostly doesn't support UDP.

<comment><USER4> Thanks for the quick response. That makes sense.

Anyways I did not mean to hijack your thread :). We should talk about how cool Justin TV is.

I really like what you guys are doing with live esports. I am hooked on a couple of the starcraft streams. I wish you were around 10 years ago, I might have realized my dream of being a professional SC player.

<comment><USER6> People are making a living playing SC2 on our site now, by building a huge viewership. There are more and more older players in the SC2 scene -- you might still have a shot!</comment></comment></comment></comment>


Osquery: Change license to Apache 2.0 and GPLv2 - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/facebook/osquery/pull/4007 <comment><USER2> Since Apache License v2.0 and GPLv2 are incompatible, I'd be curious to understand the implications of this license selection for a few scenarios in both directions. Say osquery wanted to include a GPLv2 library. Could it? How about an Apache License v2.0 library? ASF and FSF differ on the interpretation of the details, which would come into play here. Does the GPLv2's requirement that it apply to the whole work[0] matter?

A more interesting thought: say I wanted to fork osquery. Do I select one of the licenses as part of my forking operation, since I, the user, am exercising my rights under one of the licenses (at my option) to derive the work? Would that mean I could fork osquery to Apache License v2.0, GPLv2, or both at my discretion? Given the requirements of GPLv2, am I even permitted to do that?

An even more interesting thought: osquery seems to _derive_ GPLv2 code from the Netfilter project by patching it:

[https://github.com/facebook/osquery/blob/master/tools/provis...](https://github.com/facebook/osquery/blob/master/tools/provision/formula/libiptables.rb#L35-L50)

[https://github.com/facebook/osquery/blob/master/tools/provis...](https://github.com/facebook/osquery/blob/master/tools/provision.sh#L100)

Can the resulting product then be distributed Apache License v2.0, given the viral nature of GPLv2? I'm not clear how that dependency is used, but is Facebook even able to license this work as Apache License v2.0 at all?

This is a very confusing dual-license scenario, and something I'd never thought about with choices like Apache/MIT. I feel it important to point out that I'm not attempting to introduce FUD or criticize Facebook; I'm genuinely curious.

[0]: [https://opensource.stackexchange.com/a/1364](https://opensource.stackexchange.com/a/1364)

<comment><USER3> Note that RocksDB is also dual licensed under Apache 2.0 and GPLv2 [1]. I believe they added GPLv2 to make it compatible with MySQL for MyRocks, because the original Facebook+Patents license might not have been GPL compatible. Then when the Apache Foundation decided that Facebook+Patents wasn't compatible they switched it out for Apache 2.0 [2].

But that doesn't clarify much. Specifically your question about dependency licensing. RocksDB only depends on gflags (BSD licensed) and various compression library choices (allowing a choice of licenses). osquery seems to depend on a lot more libraries [3], so the likelihood of running into a licensing conflict seems a lot higher.

[1] [https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/db/db_impl.c...](https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/db/db_impl.cc)

[2] [https://meshedinsights.com/2017/07/16/apache-bans- facebooks-...](https://meshedinsights.com/2017/07/16/apache-bans-facebooks- license-combo/)

[3] [https://github.com/facebook/osquery/blob/master/tools/provis...](https://github.com/facebook/osquery/blob/master/tools/provision.sh)

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> What is the meaning of this?

<comment><USER5> This change appears to be just another OSS project that Facebook is relicensing and removing patent clause.

Related post: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15316175](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15316175)</comment></comment>


Gang of Wikipedia editors who earn money by creating and editing Wikipedia pages - <AUTHOR> https://twitter.com/Soumyadipta/status/1235098631738281984 <comment><USER2> How is stackoverflow different? This is the same shit.

I just look at wikipedia as a reference point, but verify the facts from reliable source.</comment>


Why is Google allowing this popular app to violate so many Google Play rules? - <AUTHOR> https://www.reddit.com/r/Android/489dcz <comment><USER2> From their own post:

> _SongFlip has been banned from Google Play several times in the past for > Intellectual Property infringement. After his developer account is banned, > the developer keeps on creating new developer accounts to reupload this app. > Below is a list of past package names this app has been uploaded under, > which have since been banned:

com.seven.songflip

com.fungames.songflip

com.unicornlabs.firetunes_

So really Google isn't allowing it, this person just keeps on signing up.

<comment><USER3> There is surely a way to determine if one app is substantially similar to a previously banned app, eg. by fuzzy comparing the binary, or running it and comparing screenshots.

<comment><USER4> If you do that, you'll wipe out hundreds if not thousands of "Candy Crush" and "Bejeweled" clones.

<comment><USER5> And that would be bad because...?

<comment><USER6> Just because you don't like an app doesn't mean it doesn't or can't provide value and deserves to be removed.

<comment><USER7> What if an app provides negative value? Right now every successful app has a few dozen knockoffs that are deliberately confusingly similar, and functionally identical or inferior; it makes discovery considerably more difficult, especially if you're looking for something that _isn 't_ a hit or a ripoff of a hit.

<comment><USER6> I'm pretty sure nobody is advocating for warez or exact copy apps, but you need to be careful drawing that line.

Just because to you it's "just another bejeweled clone" doesn't make it so. A layperson would probably think that HN is "just another reddit", and that's not any more valid.

Luckily (or unluckily depending on which side you are on) we already have laws that define this for us. Trademark, copyright, and patents. For better or for worse, that's legally what we have to work with.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> There could be a couple of problems at work here:

1: Google is only banning developer accounts, not the violating developer themselves (policy problem).

2: Google is trying to ban the actual developer, but failing at identity assertion (technical/data problem).

</comment><comment><USER9> Mods, can you please change the title to identify the app? The current title is linkbait.

<comment><USER10> That would be fraudulent advertising.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> Basically the poster suggests that because SongFlip was created by a former Google employee that it's getting special treatment.

<comment><USER12> Googlers and Xooglers receive no special treatment. No current Googler would risk getting fired to help a Xoogler. No conspiracy theory required.

<comment><USER13> > Googlers and Xooglers receive no special treatment. No current Googler would > risk getting fired to help a Xoogler. No conspiracy theory required.

Unless the person knows he is a future Xooglers. Come on, corruption is everywhere and employees do bad things all the time. The employee(s) may be paid for doing that.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> I don't think Google even cares about these things. Its kind of like the usual Google fail of "allowing" spammy link farms to rise in their search results. The problem is algorithmic solutions suck compared to basic human judgement on a lot of things. This happens to be one of those things.

</comment><comment><USER15> What is the difference between the Apple process and the Google process such that Google has this problem and Apple does not?

Or is this also a problem that occurs on the Apple store?

<comment><USER16> Google approve everything and relies on stakeholders policing.

Apple is black box which you should pray to not reject it for whatever reason and get incomprehensible rejection message in your mailbox.

<comment><USER17> Stakeholders have absolutely no power to do any policing, though.

And Apple's rejection messages are far from incomprehensible. They point to what you need to change.

<comment><USER16> Well they do have responsibility to police - if app x infringes company y content it is up to y to notify google. Same as with any breaking of guidelines.

As a person that has had dealings with apple submission process and dev accounts - lets agree to disagree. These people wanted credit card information faxed to them.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> It looks like the app has been removed from the AppStore again. The linked URL[0] for the app returns "URL not found" now on the play store.

[0] [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hypermedia...](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hypermedia.songflip)

</comment><comment><USER19> i'm involved in this Android ban game myself, i don't think this guy is pulling connections with old Google colleagues. i noticed myself Google getting a bit slower banning accounts of previous indiscretions. they'll have another wave soon and knock out loads of apps and accounts.

i'm also skeptical that OP in that reddit thread is really a soundcloud musician. more likely he's a jealous Android dev and snitching on his competition!

</comment><comment><USER12> If Googlers read HN, and if the rumors of a popular Google-Internal Meme Generator are true, I suspect this problem may go away soon.

<comment><USER20> > popular Google-Internal Meme Generator

Never heard of this before. So Google (allegedly) have their own 4chan-alike service internally?

<comment><USER21> They do.

[http://gizmodo.com/5946769/google-workers-make-internal- meme...](http://gizmodo.com/5946769/google-workers-make-internal-memes-for- their-inside-jokes-at-google)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER22> to poopsintub:

earlier you wrote "Here I am using images I have a right to use, but they banned me anyway." (Which I thought was informative). You got downvoted, and replied in frustration to yourself writing "Someone can't leave a comment on here without being down-voted by the same asshole every time? Fucking tools." But quickly deleted both comments.

Not before I started writing the response below to it though. I hope you see it!

>Here I am using images I have a right to use, but they banned me anyway.

>>Someone can't leave a comment on here without being down-voted...

Your handle is poopsintub - HN isn't reddit, which is a very good thing. Here in general commentators need to be more substantive and civil in all of their comments. (Which is what makes this place good.)

I would suggest making a more normally-named account (I'm only referring to the name you chose here, not the content of your posts.) By the way I had a glance at your posting history, it's substantial and good. HN has a policy about being civil, so anyone who even glances at your username will see that you are already not being civil, since poopsintub can't be part of civil discourse - a politician can't say those words on TV at all. This is probably what causes you to attract downvotes anytime you don't make a clearly informative post. (I don't think there's anything wrong with any of your posts at all, I looked through two pages, it's 80% very good and a few kneejerk reactions you might want to tone down but I didn't see anything that bad.)

I'm not a moderator here just a commentator like you. If you said something even slightly controversial (you really haven't) you might get so many downvotes that you would be hellbanned, so that nobody sees your posts except you. That really shouldn't happen.

So I would suggest picking a more neutral name and toning down the discourse a little. For example, in writing this comment I went from "make a normal account" to "I would suggest making a normal account", and adding the other information to make it more informative. Hope this helps.

</comment><comment><USER23> > making over $30,000 per day in ad revenue

I wonder where he pulled that number from.

<comment><USER24> It's probably based on speculation due to the download numbers. Come to think of it, most of his theories are based on speculation.

</comment></comment><comment><USER25> Not a great submission. How is something so poorly written getting this many points? Do people just need some moneyhate as a rally point today?</comment>


ApostropheCMS – An Open-Source Node.js CMS for the Enterprise - <AUTHOR> https://apostrophecms.com/ <comment><USER2> Honestly, yet another CMS that ties your UI to your CMS is not what we as an industry need.

I know it seems nice and it has a lot of nice features (features that have been in other CMSes before) .. but this is just an old school way of thinking.

Any enterprise, before anything else, should be looking at headless CMSes, primarily in my opinion. This is what I advise all of our enterprise clients. (we have no horse in the race)

The benefits of headless CMSes are multiplied by enterprises with very large and rich content needs, and generally, what these businesses need, is less coupling of things.

I'd rather look at something like strapi, which is open source, has a MVC architecture built on express, is headless by default, more than a single db option, has a graphql api etc.

Or if you want to go SAAS, use Prismic.io or Contentful

<comment><USER3> It looks like it can be headless if you want it to be. [https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe- headless](https://github.com/apostrophecms/apostrophe-headless)

<comment><AUTHOR> Confirmed, can run fully-headless or a mix of hybrid with mix-ins.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> This may not be geared towards the enterprise, but I would like to see a CMS that provides content monetization and paid memberships as a native feature. Ghost recently announced their latest version[1] with Stripe integration and has paid memberships[2] in beta.

[1] [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21322712](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21322712)

[2][https://ghost.org/members/](https://ghost.org/members/)

<comment><USER5> [https://www.flow.li](https://www.flow.li)

<comment><USER4> Thank you, their paywall & trial services sounds good. I'm not seeing any information on pricing though. Do you by chance know how much they charge?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> What in the world is going on with those videos?!

It brought my gpu's (Radeon VII) video decode to 90%, and brought my whole pc to a standstill.

Edit:

Interestingly if I use OBS to record it happening, and use AMD AMF as the encoder, then the decode load only hits 73%. After swapping over to cpu x264 encoding, back to 90%+ (Peaked at 96%). Might have a power limit for encode/decode. Weeeeird.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> Specifically of interest: [https://docs.apostrophecms.org/apostrophe/core- concepts/tech...](https://docs.apostrophecms.org/apostrophe/core- concepts/technical-overview)

</comment><comment><USER7> This looks interesting.

Comparing it to something like Adobe Experience Manager/CQ, I wonder if it has mobile editing modes and if any large enterprises outside of their customer logos section are using it.

<comment> at-fates-hands The editing menus are not totally responsive. If you don't mind some swiping left and right, then you'll be fine. But no, it doesn't have a specific mobile editing UI.

<comment><USER8> Correct, mobile editing hasn't been a priority so far. Of course you can build mobile responsive sites well with it.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> It looks interesting but on an Android smartphone the demo UI was pretty garbled.

Also I like the pitch but I think you need to focus more on what separates this from the status quo.

</comment><comment><USER10> I like the fact that it has a how to deploy to Heroku section because that means you can also deploy to Dokku or Flynn or just use Herokuish on it's own with Docker.

<comment><USER8> Yeah, that was our main reason for documenting Heroku. It has all the same concerns as the alternatives and it's widely known.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> Uses MongoDB?

Has anyone used this before? It has a bunch of nice features but I don't understand what separated it into a "Enterprise" category.

They also seem to have migrated to a completely different platform from 1.5 to 2 (PHP -> NodeJS). So that doesn't really scream stable Enterprise to me.

<comment><USER12> "Why you should never, ever, ever use MongoDB" (2015): [http://cryto.net/~joepie91/blog/2015/07/19/why-you-should- ne...](http://cryto.net/~joepie91/blog/2015/07/19/why-you-should-never-ever- ever-use-mongodb/)

Choose boring technology - especially for a relatively simple use case such as a CMS.

<comment><USER8> 2015 was a while ago for MongoDB and most of those issues no longer apply. That article could stand an update.

<comment><USER13> Frankly I have no intention to write an update to the article.

Anyone who, after reading that list of issues and seeing the repeated sketchy behaviour of MongoDB (the company), _still_ doesn't recognize the deep-seated issues behind how MongoDB is being developed and marketed, isn't going to be convinced by an updated list of grievances either. It'd be a waste of my time and energy.

But if you _insist_ on evidence that they haven't actually meaningfully improved, this is their latest problem, from a few months ago: [https://www.ongres.com/blog/benchmarking-do-it-with- transpar...](https://www.ongres.com/blog/benchmarking-do-it-with- transparency/)

Seriously. My original article wasn't just a to-do list for the MongoDB developers. It was meant to illustrate the deeper problems with MongoDB, and how it's a database that was developed just to have a product to sell, not to actually build a better database.

If that message still hasn't gotten through to people, well, I've tried.

<comment><USER8> There are competing implementations of MongoDB's API. Microsoft's CosmosDB is promising but, last I tried it, not complete enough for Apostrophe. AWS DocumentDB may be up to the task, if the plaintext search indexing features of Apostrophe were replaced with an alternative.

<comment><USER13> In the meantime, PostgreSQL has perfectly good querying capabilities, _including_ for JSON if you need schemaless data for some reason, working full-text search, and (unlike MongoDB's API design) an injection-resistant query API.

What's the point of continuing to pour engineering resources into something that doesn't actually improve upon what's already available?

<comment><USER8> MongoDB supports indexing of nested and array properties and has a 16MB document size limit for BSON documents. Those things help a lot in a CMS; if you prettyprint an Apostrophe page in MongoDB the structure just pops out at you.

We've had good experiences hosting it both with the community edition and with Atlas. When your documents make up a page tree and have a lot of structure within each document that would otherwise involve extra joins, it's a nice representation and we really haven't paid a price for using it. If we had, we might have made other choices. YMMV.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> I like it, doesn't look very enterprise to me (think Liferay style of CMS), but it surely has lots of good work put into it.

<comment><AUTHOR> What makes Apostrophe CMS not enterprise?

<comment><USER15> What plug-on/integrations do they support?

<comment><USER8> For example, there are salesforce integrations, as well as the apostrophe- passport and apostrophe-saml modules which leverage passport to achieve compatibility with most single sign-on solutions.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> Marvel lawyers, assemble!</comment>


Ask HN: What is the most economical method of developing iOS apps? - <AUTHOR> I have a Windows laptop and for the foreseeable future I won't be able to afford a new Mac computer but I want to develop in xCode, because I am learning React Native and I feel limited without a Mac. It also would increase my job opportunities in freelancing as well as finding a job. A job I am interviewing for uses X Code to create all their React Native apps. Is there a way for me to develop with X Code that is economical? Is getting a Mac the only option? And if so, what is the most economical way of obtaining a Mac? <comment><USER2> I used this virtual machine approach to try out the latest macOS on my surface 4:

[http://techsviewer.com/install-macos-sierra-vmware- windows/](http://techsviewer.com/install-macos-sierra-vmware-windows/)</comment>


Full MAME emulator for non-jailbroken iOS - <AUTHOR> http://www.jwz.org/blog/2013/02/full-mame-emulator-for-non-jailbroken-ios/

<comment><USER3> Meanwhile, on Android, MAME is freely downloadable from the Play Store, with 500000 downloads and no danger of imminent removal.

<comment><USER4> Which is great, if you view your phone as a computer.

I'm a programmer and webmaster by trade, but I consider my phone to be an appliance. I _want_ an appliance, not another computer to manage. I already have two desktops, two laptops, and a pile of VM servers...

<comment><USER5> Why own a smartphone, then? You can buy a prepaid Tracphone or whatever that's a non-smartphone and requires absolutely none of that. No apps, no anything.

Why pay $700 for stuff you won't even use?

<comment><USER6> I can't speak for the OP, but I imagine he wants some of the traits traditionally associated with an appliance (extremely low maintenance primarily) combined with some of those associated with general purpose computers (running software not provided by the manufacturer, customisability).

The reality is there is a tension between these two, and we are lucky enough to have two high quality platforms where the line is drawn in different places.

It is incorrect to assume you can have more of one without compromising the other though.

<comment><USER5> Yeah, you can't let someone else manage everything and just expect them to be acting in your best interests. But if you just want something that's a phone and only a phone, that's both readily available and very, very cheap.

<comment><USER6> Sorry, I'm not sure what you mean. If by acting in my best interests I mean 'checking available applications for security issues and API compliance such that they won't use my resources (battery, data) in unexpected ways', then I think you can expect someone else to do that.

Certainly I could use the device without that service, but then I would have to do it myself - as I do with other platforms.

I think the OP wants a smartphone, not only a phone.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> Is this a loophole for all emulators, then? Couldn't someone theoretically write an emulator for a fully homebrew Super Nintendo game that reads from the disk?

If I recall correctly, Apple doesn't care if you interpret other code (some sort of assembly, in this case) from the disk, just that you cannot download new interpreted code from the internet with your app (and even here they are lenient with apps that load HTML5 updates other-the-air).

<comment><USER8> > they are lenient with apps that load HTML5

The built in webkit js engine is exempt from the rules, or you couldn't use web content in apps at all.

</comment></comment><comment><USER9> It seems that Apple, for whatever reason, doesn't care about this emulator on the App Store. It's been there for weeks now.

[http://www.macrumors.com/2013/01/26/fully-functional-mame- em...](http://www.macrumors.com/2013/01/26/fully-functional-mame-emulator- appears-in-app-store/)

</comment><comment><USER10> > This means if you have a program capable of tunneling into the iOS file- > system through USB, you can once again have a working version of MAME on a > non-jailbroken device

What kind of program would I have that is capable of tunneling into the iOS file-system through USB?

<comment><USER11> <http://www.macroplant.com/iexplorer/> or <http://i-funbox.com>, for example.

<comment><USER12> Does anyone have any particular recommendations on which one is better? I don't mind paying for iExplorer, I'm just wondering if there is any issue with reliability/safety/security with either of these two.

<comment><USER13> iFunbox is great, free, and works on both OS X and Windows.

Highly recommend it, it's what I personally use.

Also - note that this build of Gridlee is equivalent with MAME 0.139u1 - <USER2> when looking for ROMs, you may need to lookup the ROM on <http://www.mamedb.com/> to see what version of MAME compatibility for your ROM/game was introduced (especially for newer arcade games).

<comment><USER14> I'm a newbie to this stuff and used iFunbox using the tutorial here:

<http://www.idownloadblog.com/2013/01/27/mame-gridlee-guide/>

The only tricky part that's missing from those instructions is that you have to run the game once before the roms folder is created.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Would be cool if this app integrated with the new dropbox SDK for iOS.

</comment><comment><USER16> If you've got a dev account you've been able to build MAME via Xcode for ages <http://code.google.com/p/imame4all/>

</comment><comment><USER17> If this comments thread is to be believed, the original iMAME in the app store was not pulled by Apple, but on request of MAMEdev team:

ScottishCaptain: "iMAME was pulled ON REQUEST of mamedev.org because it reflects poorly upon the project (as I quite clearly stated before, but got flamed into oblivion). iMAME (and it's derivatives) is based upon MAME 0.37b, which is nearly 10 years old now (if you don't believe me, go check out mamedev.org's previous version section and look up 0.37b- it's from y2k)."

Source: [http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/24/imame-app-gets-pulled- fro...](http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/24/imame-app-gets-pulled-from-itunes- app-store/)

Also, "MAME" is trademarked to the MAMEdev team and they request that you get their permission before using it.</comment>


The University of Costumed Superheroes – Free Software Foundation - <AUTHOR> https://u.fsf.org/fsfheroes <comment><AUTHOR> Support students' #UserFreedom. The University of Costumed Superheroes is an animated video from the FSF on the dangers of proprietary software in remote education. Support their campaign at [https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does- no...](https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does-not-require- giving-up-rights-to-freedom-and-privacy)</comment>


Ask HN: Authentication with Angular/Rails? - <AUTHOR>

I know there are many companies developing with Angular and Rails (and many looking to hire for this as well).<p>How are you managing authentication (securely)? <comment><USER2> This sounds like a specific question how to solve a problem in one programming language. Wouldn't a question on stackoverflow be better?

(Afaik most Rails projects use [https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/](https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/) which takes care of database setup, password hashes, session cookies, even forgot-password feature and Facebook/Twitter/Google+ logins.)

</comment><comment><USER3> Angular and Rails are frameworks that leave the decision of authentication up to you.

You can do token authentication, basic authentication, OAuth, OAuth2, or even roll your own. For a rails api <-> angular combo, I usually stick to token or OAuth 1/2 authentication.

I have open sourced an angular application (technically ionic but it uses angular under the hood) and the rails api that it uses as a backend which uses token authentication. [https://github.com/johnkelly/mojave](https://github.com/johnkelly/mojave) [https://github.com/johnkelly/kalahari](https://github.com/johnkelly/kalahari)

</comment><comment><USER4> I like using Token based authentication + HTTPS. Using Rails (or nodejs, or whatever you want) and redis to store the tokens on the back-end. Here's an article about it: [http://www.kdelemme.com/2014/03/09/authentication-with- angul...](http://www.kdelemme.com/2014/03/09/authentication-with-angularjs- and-a-node-js-rest-api/)

Disclaimer: I'm the author.

</comment><comment><USER5> I use cookie based authentication, like houndci.com [https://github.com/thoughtbot/hound](https://github.com/thoughtbot/hound) I think token based authentication (rails-api) is better, but most of my technical background is rails.

</comment><comment><USER6> Check out Satellizer, it has token + OAUTH authentication for Angular. [https://github.com/sahat/satellizer](https://github.com/sahat/satellizer)

</comment><comment><USER7> This looks promising [https://github.com/cloudspace/angular_devise](https://github.com/cloudspace/angular_devise)

</comment><comment><USER8> Are there any gems/methods that combine authentication along with multitenancy in a turnkey solution? (Devise + Apartment)</comment>


Police call for tougher sentences to deter Extinction Rebellion - <AUTHOR> https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/18/police-call-for-tougher-sentences-to-deter-extinction-rebellion <comment><USER2> Just wait for someone dressed as Ghandi to attend. The police really won't like that comparison.

</comment><comment><USER3> "It is almost easier to deal with people who are being violent towards you, because you can use a level of force commensurate with that."

</comment><comment><USER4> Just wait for 10 years and it'll be too hot for _anyone_ to protest for any length of time in the open air. Sorted!</comment>


Extraordinary Toroidal Vortices (2010) [video] - <AUTHOR> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHyTOcfF99o <comment><USER2> Ok, I've spent 2 hours now looking at vortices, and CFD vortex simulations, knotted vortecies, etc, and thinking about a nagging question I have with all of them. They all seem to create hollow toroidal shells.

Where is the optimal place to put particles such as smoke so that they occupy the center of the torus?

I can't seem to find any time reversed CFD simulations that track these particles back to where they started.

<comment><USER3> The hollow shells are just contours used for visualization, the vortex rings are not actually hollow (as in no fluid in the region). As for tracking particles near vortex rings, I thing you're looking for something like [http://shaddenlab.berkeley.edu/uploads/shaddendabirimarsden0...](http://shaddenlab.berkeley.edu/uploads/shaddendabirimarsden06.pdf)

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> This pairs well with my LSD micro-dosing efforts</comment>


ICANN delays .Org sale approval, calls for more transparency - <AUTHOR> https://domainnamewire.com/2019/12/10/icann-delays-org-sale-approval-calls-for-more-transparency/ <comment><USER2> I suggest changing the post URL to be the source ICANN post, [https://www.icann.org/news/blog/org- update](https://www.icann.org/news/blog/org-update)

The only content added by the original URL ([https://domainnamewire.com/2019/12/10/icann-delays-org- sale-...](https://domainnamewire.com/2019/12/10/icann-delays-org-sale- approval-calls-for-more-transparency/)) is a link to the webcast meeting referenced in the PDF letter linked in the ICANN blog. It is [https://domainnamewire.com/2019/12/10/video-watch-the-qa- wit...](https://domainnamewire.com/2019/12/10/video-watch-the-qa-with-ethos- internet-society-and-pir/)

</comment><comment><USER3> Now ICANN can show its true colors. Is this just more smoke and mirrors just so they can absolve themselves of responsibility while still sheepishly approving this heist when the drama has had time to die down? Or will they act and relieve PIR of the stewardship of the .org tld?</comment>


Could the big software corporations turn on the government? - <AUTHOR>

Trust in U.S. Internet companies has been destroyed by the spying government.<p>Is it possible that these companies will turn their considerable resources to fighting the government and fighting the secrecy that is destroying the trust customers used to have in them? <comment><USER2> Don't know. But I can tell you for sure that I'm looking into ways of abandoning ALL the major US web services. I have already quit Google for DuckDuckGo and I am moving from Dropbox to Swiss-made Wuala.com. And that's just the start.

<comment><AUTHOR> I really wonder. Are the people who run Google and Microsoft and Apple and Amazon and Oracle and Yahoo all happy and content with this situation or are they hopping mad that the government and the NSA has brought the party to an end?

These organisations have VERY deep pockets and if they decide that their businesses are being destroyed by the government, then they are probably in a position to start spending money to change things aren't they?

<comment><USER2> In theory, this could happen. But neither of the two big political parties seem concerned about the NSA, so it's not going to be easy.

<comment><AUTHOR> Political parties magically start to become concerned when the money starts to become concerned.

<comment><USER2> True. Good or bad, it's the magic of capitalism and America after all.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> These companies pay barely any taxes. Wonder why? They are complicit as far I am concerned.

</comment><comment><USER4> Guys, please stop.

At least five democratic governments, have all conspired with each other to capture everything they could, and keep it as quiet as they could.

There is no other place to go, no other place to run ones servers from, no other person or corporation who will solve it for us.

We are empowered, free voters, with the ability to organise and change laws. If we want things to change, call your congressman, walk into their office every day and don't ever stop.

It's not something someone else will solve for us.</comment>


Micrsoft Overpaid for Skype...by $4.5 Billion - <AUTHOR> http://eu.techcrunch.com/2011/05/10/did-microsoft-overpay-for-skype-hell-yes-%E2%80%94-by-4-5-billion/

<comment><USER2> Yeah. Microsoft should have consulted with the TechCrunch analysts first. What were they thinking?

</comment><comment><USER3> I was curious myself why they didn't let the company IPO then buy it out. It seems that could have happened for far far less than 8 billion.

I guess the facebook preIPO buyout issue was there.

<comment><USER4> But isn't it possible that the IPO could go very well, then MS would have a _bigger_ price to pay?

<comment><USER3> Of course that's possible. They were looking like making 1-2 billion on the IPO though from estimates, and that means the total market cap would have likely been under 5 billion still.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Microsoft perhaps overpaid for Skype, which is reminiscent of something that happened in the past.

Google wanted to acquire a 2.5%-5% stake in Facebook at a $10 billion valuation in 2006 or 2007 (forgot), but Microsoft came in for a 1.6% stake at a $15 billion valuation. It seems like Microsoft is always competing with Google to acquire a company (or a share of it), and as a result it ends up paying significantly above what Google offers.

In the end, the Facebook investment worked out for them but I'm not sure if it was the best decision at the time.

Perhaps Microsoft can do something with Skype.

</comment><comment><USER6> Gee, I wonder if Google possibly has an incentive to release this rumor.</comment>


A Summary of Seed and Angel Investments in the First Half of the Year - <AUTHOR> http://biz30.timedoctor.com/2012-startup-funding-summary/

<comment><USER2> Everyone is getting on the web. I could say that business is good online since a number of people are putting money into it. Well, July has increase a lot since it's the mid of the year and, I think it's during this time that businesses/people could decide which direction to go for their investments.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> Great research and post. There's another startup <http://www.whogotfunded.com/> who specializes in tracking the funding wave.... not sure how they make money though...

<comment><USER3> It looks like to me like the only asset they have is their list.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Hmm, Dollar Shave Club got $1M in seed funds... that big warehouse in their promotional video is misleading - makes it seem like they're already far more established than they are - still a great video though!

<comment><USER5> Agree. That video worked well for them probably. Viral videos are really good marketing tools. I've watched that a number of times. lol.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> July seems to be the hot month. I wonder if anybody has an analysis of raises vs times of the year. Could be pretty interesting if there was a trend.

</comment><comment><USER6> Such an incredible overview of what's going on. Thanks for putting this together! Man this is an awesome way to foresee the near future of funding.

</comment><comment><USER7> The credibility of timedoctor application is increasing. A great innovative solution for big companies.

</comment><comment><USER8> Great insight. Thanks for sharing.</comment>


Ask HN: Recommendations to do IP/Geo location on a website? - <AUTHOR> I need to implement some geolocation system to limit visitors who can access a health website to two states (CA & NY).
What methods/services/libraries do you recommend to accomplish this?
Stack is Node/Express backend and React front end, if it matters. <comment><USER2> For language dependent solution, [https://www.npmjs.com/package/express- ipfilter](https://www.npmjs.com/package/express-ipfilter) looks alright.

You could try .htacesss or nginx proxy to block certain ip ranges for language agnostic solution.

[https://www.maxmind.com/en/home](https://www.maxmind.com/en/home) provides ips mapped to location but I don't think you will find anything accurate for states.

Another would be to get location data from the client and send it to backend to decode and see if the user is in correct state. (Of course, someone could sniff that but people can already change their ips).

</comment><comment> jonathan-kosgei You could modify the example here - [https://ipdata.co/blog/how-to-block- website-visitors-from-a-...](https://ipdata.co/blog/how-to-block-website- visitors-from-a-specific-country/) to work with states easily enough.</comment>


People Once Downloaded Games from the Radio - <AUTHOR> https://www.amusingplanet.com/2019/04/people-once-downloaded-games-from-radio.html <comment><USER2> Yugoslavia had more than one radio station broadcasting computer programs - Ljubljana's Student Radio would also broadcast Spectrum software, my father recorded almost all of it so we had over 30 cassettes (he probably still keeps them :P ).

A friend had a doorbell that would very briefly disrupt the electrical current in their house so he would stand at the front door to make sure noone had to ring it during the broadcasts :D

</comment><comment><USER3> I downloaded a lot via Dutch radio; Basicode was the write once, run anywhere of the day. It was much worse than 'native Basic' but is was a lot of fun.</comment>


The US debt ceiling: What if the talks fail? - <AUTHOR> http://www.economist.com/blogs/buttonwood/2011/07/us-debt-ceiling <comment><USER2> As a person buying a house right now, I'm pissed off there is a stupidly good chance I'll only be able to afford 7/8-2/3rds what I can now depending on interest rate changes caused by this crap.</comment>


Will Google dig its own grave? - <AUTHOR>

The better search gets, the less people will need advertising. Definitely the concept of showing ads alongside search results seems to be flawed, because in theory the search results should be perfect already. So it seems to me that Google's business model is conflicting with their business of being the best possible search engine.
<comment><USER2> You can buy the right to have a "better" search result via a sponsored result. Hence, their search will never be "perfect."</comment>


Mobiles linked to disturbed sleep - <AUTHOR> http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7199659.stm

<comment><USER2> :( 30-some men and 30-some women is a small small sample size to draw conclusions from.</comment>


Life at a startup - <AUTHOR> http://abstractnonsense.com/life-at-a-startup/

<comment><USER2> I think the biggest takeaway for me from this is how he had the power to, and actually said, "no" to feature requests. This has definitely been a problem for several projects that I've worked on.

<comment><USER3> I was thrust into a similar role to this guy when I was all of 24 or 25... It took awhile to learn to say 'NO', not just because it's hard but because it often led to really _strong_ disagreements. The guys on the sales side of the product just couldn't understand when we couldn't do something. There was always an undertone of 'are you guys just not good enough?'

I think that's the hardest part. Generally you say know even when it's technically possible. Hell you probably know exactly how to do it, just not in the timeframe you have. Learning to keep your ego (I _can_ do this) from getting in the way of what's best for the product and the business is the hardest lesson a good developer has to learn IMHO. It's the programmers version of crossing the chasm.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> This is a terrific writeup, and mirrors a lot of the experiences I've had at Scribd as one of the first employees over the past 3 years.

Build fast and push it live.

</comment><comment><USER5> Had a great read. Growing up watching gates, wozniac, jobs and other success stories in documentaries, I never wanted a 9to5 at a big establishment. You touch upon homebrew club which brings me back & close to what I still long for - the working in the garage/backyard moments. Perhaps its time. Thx!

</comment><comment><USER6> I love the story and the writing style. He shows his passion in an honest tone; is proud of his successes and is honest about his (and the company's) mistakes. Very smart coder/hacker but also with a talent for writing (which people always think are mutually exclusive!). Props!

</comment><comment><USER7> bill: i recall viewing a startup school 07 attendee wiki and being impressed with your self description. i think you went by "bill bland" back then. good to see quality people doing great work.

</comment><comment><USER8> I absolutely admire the work by your team. Startup has those energy which I am hungry for , but I am stuck in enterprise world with lots ...., just watching in sheer amazement.

</comment><comment><USER9> Great read, it's nice to see non-founders that are so enthralled with their jobs. Off-topic, though:

 _All of our early press had evaporated, it turned out nobody actually wanted to broadcast their lives, and we really had no idea what to do._

How did you solve this? I look into Justin.tv every few months and there's nothing compelling there for me, but it must be aimed at a different demographic.

</comment><comment><USER10> Great story, also looks like the guy really knows what hes doing. That said i read a post by him a while back where he talked about how useless unit tests are and how they dont help finding bugs: <http://abstractstuff.livejournal.com/60388.html>

I found that quite irritating from somebody who seems so experienced.

<comment><USER11> Are there any "hacker gods" that are really big on unit testing or use TDD? Most of the recognizable names that I see talk about it are agile book writers. Not actual devs. It was Paul Bucheit who says (from that link), "I'll make a somewhat heretical claim even: Unit test are 20% useful engineering, and 80% fad. They are great for tricky code with well defined behavior (like a parser), but wasteful for most code."

Does Sweeney, Carmack, Cutler, Joy, Thompson, Knuth, Page, Steele, Zuckerburg, Anders, etc... use unit tests in a big way?

I'm actually a fan of unit tests, although I generally dislike TDD.

<comment><USER12> Nobody in Peter Seibel's "Coders At Work" seemed to have very much time for unit testing as far as I remember, and they pretty much all qualify for that title in my opinion.

I'd stand by pretty much everything I wrote in my original post, for what it's worth, but I guess I don't really understand why it seemed to ruffle so many feathers to be honest.

Unit testing doesn't help _me_ enough for the work I have to put in (compared to things like good logging and monitoring, for example, unless I'm writing something like a parser, with well-specified behavior). It doesn't seem to have helped justin.tv too much either, when we've tried it. But if it helps someone else, then good for them!

<comment><USER13> I agree with you: if it works for someone else, good for them. Definitely.

I think the main reason why people want to burn your article to ground was because there are way more companies out there that would benefit from their people writing unit-tests.

Now when some lazy developers who think that they're smart starting to quote "the VP of Software Development from JTV sez unit-test is useless", then we have a problem there. These passionate software developers don't want to go back to the time of Wild Wild West where coders slinging code with no reasons and start throwing incomplete shitty crap to QA and call it "DONE", get the gold medals from their team lead for being able to solve things very fast.

You know that movie... Spiderman? "With Power comes great responsibility"... since you're advertising how cool your company is and you're their "VP", then there's that responsibility attached with it.

The thing is, it requires a smart person with high level of discipline, strong principal, and the ability to say "No" to crazy requirements in order to have the luxury of not writing unit-tests. Especially when there's no safety nets (I mean QA) around that person.

I hold nothing against you though.

<comment><USER11> _I think the main reason why people want to burn your article to ground was because there are way more companies out there that would benefit from their people writing unit-tests._

But he's not the only bright dev who tried it an ran into issues or lack of benefit in doing it. The thing that I seem to read from the more zealous of the TDD crowd is "you don't know what you're doing -- you don't understand code/software/testing/development if TDD doesn't obviously work for you".

My concern then is if a large percentage of strong devs don't seem to "get it", does it make sense to push into an organization w/o strong devs?

And the reason I asked the other question about the "hacker gods" is that outside of Josh Bloch (now), I don't really know of outstanding devs who do TDD in a big way. And this scares, because I remember when I used to have certain devs tell me that UML was the way to do everything, and if I didn't use UML throughout the product lifecycle I was no real software engineer -- and UML was the only way that in 20 years people would still be able to understand the design and code. I pushed back on UML and don't regret it for a second. I don't feel like I'm going to regret pushing back on TDD/BDD so far.

<comment><USER14> Maybe the confusion comes from conflating unit testing with TDD. Different but related concepts. If you write a unit test _after_ the code, that is no longer TDD.

TDD is a major change in coding style and doesn't seem to work for a lot of people, including myself. Unit testing, on the other hand, is absolutely essential and fundamental to the task of building large, complex systems.

I haven't read Coders at Work, but if the guys in there are doing their thing without some kind of automated testing, I would be very surprised, and I'd wonder why they're making it so hard on themselves.

<comment><USER15> But on the other hand unit testing isn't the same as testing. Integration tests, regression tests, stress tests, "miscellaneous automated tests" are all valid sets of tests.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> I really wanted to read it but it was too painful on my eyes... tons of text smashed together, taking up the whole page.

Fluid layouts are great, but there is a reason books aren't generally 12" wide. (hard for humans to keep their place on really wide texts)

Also, increasing the line-height of the paragraphs would help a ton.

<comment><USER17> I thought the line-height was fine. Agreed that reading long lines is harder, but luckily our browser windows are easily resizable.

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> "nobody was saying much to me"

"I didn't bother to read the irc spec, I just watched the real-world traffic and used that as a spec"

"no code review, not even any conversation about how I'd implemented things"

Is this really the work environment we want to idolize?

</comment><comment><USER19> Really awesome story.

From the guy's page, it looks like he's a super hacker - learning to program at nine, embedding a Scheme interpreter in the Linux kernel. Between this and jacquesm's recent "it's easy" post, I wonder, do you have to be this kind of crazy passionate coder to be able to accomplish this kind of thing? I feel like I could be passionate about coding certain things, but nothing I'm doing now comes close.

<comment><USER20> I'm currently grappling with "Computer science for dummies", wonder how I feel ;)

<comment><USER21> If you can get things done, then this counts for a lot. I know people who are geniuses and polymaths -- the kind of guys who do the calculus to optimize patterns for making their own juggling balls as a leisure activity. That doesn't mean that they are the best at _getting things done_ though.

Be able to get things done. Be good at taking into account what you don't know. Know how to cooperate and delegate. This is the stuff that's most useful.

<comment><USER22> Another important thing isn't the complexity of the project, but the impact it has. Sometimes people tend to build on the big side when the best thing they can do is the simplest, just look at Facebook or Google.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> Oh nice, he beat YouTube to a seek feature that's been in QTSS for a decade.</comment>


Hire Android developer: challenging interview questions - <AUTHOR> https://devsdata.com/hire-android-developer/ <comment><AUTHOR> They have a similar article for iOS, for whoever might be more interested in that: [https://devsdata.com/hire-ios-developer/](https://devsdata.com/hire- ios-developer/)</comment>


Ask HN: What's the cheapest/best VPS provider for an email server? - <AUTHOR> I'm looking for a place to run an instance of Mail in a box (https://github.com/freedatafound/mailinabox). Where do you think is the best place to host it? <comment><USER2> It's difficult to tell which is the best, but there are good resources for finding which hosting providers to avoid. You'll just have to evaluate the hosts you like one by one.

[https://www.spamhaus.org/statistics/networks/](https://www.spamhaus.org/statistics/networks/). [http://www.abuseat.org/asntraffic.html](http://www.abuseat.org/asntraffic.html) [http://www.spamrankings.net/](http://www.spamrankings.net/)

A host with more issues means it is more likely that you'll get painted with a "spammer" brush.

And then, of course, do all of the right things. SPF, DKIM, setup TLS correctly and so on. There are plenty of documents available discussing this. I presume mailinabox takes care of a lot of this for you.

</comment><comment><USER3> It really depends on your security model. If you're not too concerned about the authorities, then a digital ocean box should be fine. Otherwise, I'd go with an offshore host. I haven't used them personally, but I've heard good things about [http://undergroundprivate.com](http://undergroundprivate.com)</comment>


25 - <AUTHOR> http://bartbonte.com/25

<comment><AUTHOR> Found this just today, think 2048 but with nice twist</comment>


1960: The Year the Singularity Was Cancelled - <AUTHOR> https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/04/22/1960-the-year-the-singularity-was-cancelled/ <comment><USER2> When you look at the poor state of the job market in research for physics, chemistry, biology etc. hell even engineering disciplines - I'm not so sure it's lack of researchers that is the issue.

<comment><USER3> Most of that trend line is from before formal researchers were really a _thing_ , so I'm not sure if that's the case.</comment></comment>