Ask HN: What do you use for microservice RPC? - <AUTHOR> First, some background:
In our distributed microservice-based stack, we currently use JSON-over-RESTful-HTTP exclusively for the internal APIs exposed by our microservices. Apps, including browser front ends, talk to each other using HTTP.
In particular, we've come to realize is that it's really a poor man's RPC, and that REST has no practical utility in internal APIs, which benefit from a service/verb perspective, but not from a resource-oriented one.
Some current issues we want to solve:
- Performance. HTTP/1.1 is not suited for tiny RPC payloads where you want seamless pipelining. HTTP/2 is starting to look good as a much more performant transport, however.
- Wire formats. JSON is increasingly an expensive format to shuffle data around in.
- "Service discovery". A client wants simply to communicate with a bunch of services (preferably using the same connection) — it shouldn't concern itself with where those services run or how.
- Fault tolerance. Clients should be resilient against failing services and networking blips.
- Latency. Right now every HTTP request goes through HAProxy. Adds complexity, adds latency. We'd like microservices to talk to directly.
We could solve these issues for ourselves in a proprietary way. But we're not in the business of reinventing wheels, nor are we in the business of creating libraries. Developing the required glue from scratch in all the languages we use (Go, Node.js and Ruby currently) would consume resources we'd like to devote to app code.
What do devs on HN use? <comment><USER2> Here's what I've seen:

1\. HTTP/JSON, with resiliency semantics layered on via SmartStack, Hystrix, or DIY library.

2\. GRPC/protobuf. Haven't seen anyone other than Google run this in production, and Google doesn't really use gRPC (they use Stubby).

3\. Finagle/Thrift. Twitter and some other folks use this.

4\. Async message bus. Not as popular because it's not point-to-point, but it works. It's technically not RPC so it requires a different architectural approach that lots of people aren't willing to adopt.

5\. Super fancy custom RPC protocol. Uber does this, for example. As does Google. You need lots of engineering to do this well, though.

<plug> We've seen these design patterns over and over again, which is why we're building Quark (github.com/datawire/quark) which is a language for you to build your own custom RPC protocol (case #5 or to a lesser extent #1). We're also building Datawire Connect on top of Quark which gives you resilient RPC semantics in a way that's compatible with your existing tech stack. </plug>

<comment><USER3> Quark looks quite interesting, if odd — it's an entire language, with classes and generics and everything? Just for implementing protocol glue?

I think it's something I'd like to revisit once it's matured, as your set of languages is quite small at the moment, and I think it's overkill for us at the moment. In particular, I'm much more concerned about connection and discovery semantics than about things like wire protocol and how to express the "schema".

<comment><USER2> If you're more worried about connection and discovery semantics, you'd want to use Datawire Connect which is built on top of Quark. Quark is being used by companies that for one reason or another need/want to build their own protocol. This is admittedly overkill for most people.

Datawire Connect integrates discovery as well as connection semantics (next week we'll have a release that supports full Hystrix semantics, e.g., circuit breakers and timeouts and load balancing).

<comment><USER3> Looks interesting. As with Quark, I think we'd hve to wait until you have reached a higher level of maturity and a broader selection of languages. We need at least Go, Ruby and Node.js to get going, which is what our current apps our built with. We're also evaluating Elixir and Swift as possible future languages.

<comment><USER2> Great feedback! We will have Ruby in a few weeks (code is sitting on a GitHub branch), and we have Node already. Go is on the roadmap, but we also have a proxy that lets you interface with languages we don't support natively.

I'd be super interested in what tech you find that works well with your language set of Go, Ruby, and NodeJS. GRPC won't. Thrift might (don't know offhand). NATS might, but there's lots of coding there you need as you mention and it's a SPOF.

<comment><USER3> gRPC does have native bindings for all of Go, Ruby and Node.js. Not sure why you say it won't work well?

NATS being a SPOF isn't necessarily a problem for us if it's stable, which it seems to be. We are already completely dependent on HAProxy as a SPOF, anyway. Moreover, most client bindings seem to support providing a host list they use for failover.

I will take a closer look at Quark and Datawire Connect when I have a spare moment. Do you have it running in production? Happy to hear that Go is on the roadmap.

<comment><USER2> gRPC bindings for languages that aren't popular at Google (e.g., Ruby, Node) aren't particularly mature. Each of the different language bindings is independently maintained, so there is no guarantee of feature parity across the languages.

We do not have Quark/DC running in production yet. Most of the adoption has been in the realm of testing scenarios (it's super handy to be able to generate client stubs).

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> Here's some tech we are thinking about:

* gRPC. Good attempt at solving cross-language RPC. Downsides: Alpha quality; Protobuf requires build steps on the client side (codegen, schema versioning); Doesn't yet solve discovery or fault tolerance; 3.0 beta is required if you want to ship free-form blobs of data around.

* Protobuf: Similar to gRPC.

* NATS. Fast in-memory messaging broker which seems suitable for RPC. In particular, this solves the discoverability issue, since services are simply topics. Downsides: Something of a single point of failure. Also, we still need to add an HTTP compatibility layer for browser clients, and we'd still need to write bindings for each language we use so that services can declare endpoints, and clients can talk to them, without using the NATS library directly. Fault tolerance also needs to built into this glue. Not saying it wouldn't be a nice open source project, though.

* Thrift. Similar to gRPC/Protobuf. Requires schemas. We've talked to people who use this in production, and they're not too happy. Seems rather biased towards the Java universe.

<comment><USER2> protobuf and Thrift are serialization formats and an alternative to JSON, not RPC.

<comment><USER3> I know, I should have said "Protobuf + custom connection handling".

Thrift does come with RPC client/server code. You can choose between different transports. Example [1].

[1] [https://github.com/apache/thrift/blob/master/lib/nodejs/exam...](https://github.com/apache/thrift/blob/master/lib/nodejs/examples/client.js)</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: As an experienced engr, how do I change my role? - <AUTHOR> I have been working in the storage industry as an hardware engineer (system design) for ~8 years. As I look around, I see very few opportunities/openings in other companies which need a similar position. How can I pivot at this point in my life? I have python programming experience when it comes to programming. Ideally, I would like to move into a data analytics/engineer role. I have been doing some courses on coursera/udacity but I am pretty sure that's not enough.Here is what I am aiming for Sys Design Engineer -> validation/QA role in data center ops (most involve some analytics) -> full time analytics role.
Its hard to find jobs where I can use my experience and get into analytics. Do I need to start all over again? As someone with a family, it would be hard to take a pay cut.
Note:
1. As a system engineer, I do not code at all. I mainly deal with Flash memories - feature design/validation. 2. Reason for a change - open my more opportunities for myself in future. <comment><USER2> Storage is backbone of the Internet persistence. Just a few quick ideas below. I would keep this "storage" label and invest in some higher abstraction level knowledge like Ceph, GlusterFS, AWS S3. Also SSDs are ousting HDDs nearly in every on-premises application with hot data. Maybe writing some tooling for massive storage fitness/performance analytics would help you land a niche/job. To understand a new role you would need to learn what problems you can solve for potential employer/customer. Maybe try to apply for eng. position at some Internet giant companies G, A, FB. They often get interested in smarties in other fields.

Definitely your career transformation will need a lot of effort and sacrifices if you stay full-time at old place but it is doable. I wish you best.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks! Will work on it.</comment></comment>


The International Competition Where Master Lock-Pickers Do Battle - <AUTHOR> http://www.wired.com/2014/12/international-competition-master-lock-pickers-battle/

<comment><USER2> Quick piece of advice for anyone looking to get started: DO NOT TRAIN USING PAPERCLIPS. The first thing you should do is buy yourself a real set of picks.

When the MIT lockpicking guide started me down this road I thought "I'll teach myself to pick using paperclips and then I'll be REALLY GOOD when I get to the point of using actual picks." Turns out that I'm not alone; most people I've encountered "in the wild" with a casual interest in picking thought exactly the same thing. None of us were able to make significant progress towards reliably picking anything tougher than a wafer lock using paperclips. I don't know anyone who managed to "get good" using paperclips; everyone I know who did eventually "get good" did so by learning using proper tools and _then_ moving to paperclips (if that's something they were interested in).

In hindsight, it's obvious why this is the case: learning to pick requires learning to understand and interpret subtle and unfamiliar kinds of mechanical feedback. There's enough "noise" to make this a difficult process even if you do have proper tools. Using paperclips adds a few more layers of noise (paperclips bend, they have weird shapes with bumps in them, etc) and the simultaneous combination of paperclip "noise" with the usual mechanical "noise" is much more difficult to decipher than the sum of the difficulty that you would get from deciphering each noise source individually and then synthesizing that knowledge (i.e. what you would encounter if you trained yourself on proper picks and then moved to paperclips).

Also: there aren't many hobbies/skills that you can effectively practice while watching TV, but picking is one of them. If TV is already a sunk cost, you get a bunch of picking practice time "for free" :)

<comment><USER3> How do you buy a real set without a license, aren't they illegal almost everywhere?

OTOH you can make a decent set from scratch. I've always wanted a professional set though.

<comment><USER4> DX.com will mail them to you no questions asked. Ive ordered several sets for myself and as gifts.

They aren't super illegal, but they are classified as burglars tools in most places (misdemeanors). I'm not a lawyer nor is this legal advice, but crowbars can be burglars tools too, most things are about context. Unless you get caught breaking into something while in possession of lockpicks, you probably won't have a problem in any other situation (plus many cops are largely ignorant of odd niche laws like these, since most burglaries are more of the opportunistic smash and grab type).

Also, from the hobbyist at-home perspective the chance of encountering any legal problem is almost nil.

<comment><USER3> Done, thank you. Shipping is even free to Australia.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> 2014 version was in September. See [https://toool.nl/LockCon](https://toool.nl/LockCon) and [https://blackbag.toool.nl/?p=2485](https://blackbag.toool.nl/?p=2485) for a report.

</comment><comment><USER6> I always found lock picking fascinating, but I've never gotten around to actually trying. I'm guessing I also sleep better at night in ignorance.

Silly meta question: the story was published in 2005 but appears online now. Does that merit a (2005) in the title?

<comment><USER7> Similarly, I've also always been fascinated by lock picking but have never tried, but long ago I tied physical security and network security together in my mind, and it's been a very long time since I felt any network was truly secure.

It's fairly accepted (IMHO) that network security doesn't make it so people can't access your networks/systems, just that it puts enough hurdles in place that it deters the unmotivated and enough detection in place so you get notified shortly after the intrusion, hopefully before damage can be done.

Walls, doors, locks and alarms serve the same purpose for physical security. You'll want more or less of each depending on your circumstances.

P.S. The other end of the spectrum applies as well, where people have undo faith that their networks are secure, and looking at the reality of it would probably not help them sleep any better.</comment></comment>


Buy bitcoins with credit cards - <AUTHOR> http://bitboin.com/

<comment><USER2> Beware: cash advances from credit cards typically do NOT have an interest free period (and may be charged at a different interest rate) unlike normal purchases.

</comment><comment><USER3> $12.95 for 0.1BTC?? Seems to be too high right now.</comment>


Show HN: Statux, a minimal React state management library with hooks - <AUTHOR> https://statux.dev/ <comment><USER2> Looks really nice</comment>


Fathers Recognize Their Babies' Cries Just as Well as Mothers - <AUTHOR> http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2013/04/fathers-recognize-their-babies-cries-just-as-well-as-mothers/

<comment><USER2> I'm three months into my half of our evenly-split year of parental leave. If you have the legal ability to do this, do it.

Most _cough_ civilized _cough_ countries allow both parents to take some form of leave - here in Canada it's 12 months to be divvied up, with only 4ish of which are required to go to the birth parent. The EI system pays you EI benefits (half your regular wage or $25k/yr, whichever is less), and your employer's only responsibility is to keep your space available for when you get back.

Let me tell you, staying home with my kids and doing the stay-at-home dad thing has been Goddamned magical. I'm constantly exhausted and exasperated by my three little juggernauts, but I'm loving it.

And yeah, I'm getting all those instincts out the yin-yang. I can perfectly understand my two-year-old's incoherent babble, I can distinguish a cry at a hundred paces, I've got the lightning parental reflexes, etc.

Do it.

<comment><USER3> Mileage varies. I was reasonably tuned to a lot of this stuff, and I was working 60-80 hour weeks. Part of it is just feeling that it is your responsibility to deal with this stuff.

My wife was definitely _more_ aware, but I wasn't far behind. She could leave for a weekend and it wasn't a problem, I needed a rundown on where stuff was and schedule but I handled the kids just fine.

Yes, I did sleep through more of their crying. But the time my daughter woke screaming from some nightmare, I was up the staircase before I woke up. Seriously, my first conscious memory was my foot pushing up a stair. My wife appeared three minutes later asking if the baby had cried. When the daughter wandered into the woods and lost herself I was looking for her five minutes before any one else noticed she was gone. Et cetera.

Which isn't to knock what you are doing, just to say it isn't the only way.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> TL;DR: Parents, including fathers, who spend more time with their babies come to recognize their cries better.

Not sure if that's really as counter-intuitive as the article suggests.

<comment><USER5> They explains this in the article. They cite a study that show that around 50% of people think than mothers are better at recognize their child cries than fathers.

<comment><USER4> "But previous studies didn't take into account the amount of time parents typically spent with their children on a daily basis."

I'm saying the new finding that "more time -> better able to recognize" is also not surprising.

<comment><USER6> You were offered evidence; you are not offering counter-evidence.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> One-off anecdotal proof exists as well:

I'm at a recent multiple family gathering at a friend's house. All the Dads are playing a hand of cards, the collective of kids playing in the basement. A quick yelp is released, and we all look up, everyone attentively listening for the follow-on cry. The secondary, longer cry happens and one of the Dads acknowledges: "that's mine, I'll be right back."

This is standard operating procedure, and has evolved as the kids have gotten older. Now, when our 10-11-12 year olds let out a welp, the Dad-in-question will generally yell out: "everything OK down there? Does anyone need help?"

And as I've spent more time with others' offspring, I can detect their voices (and cries) as well. It's environmental.

<comment><USER8> I have four kids and it works with me too. It is a funny thing, to be at a large kids' birthday party and then suddenly your ears can pick out the sound that your child is making amongst all the other noise. It also helps that my kids all sound similar in how they cry, so I think it is partly training (hearing the kid cry over the years) and genetics (my kids all sound similar when they cry).

I find the other parents can also distinguish their children. It has never seemed to me to be a mother or father dominant trait. An involved parent trait possibly, but not gender related.

<comment><USER9> I'd also note that parents notice a distressed child before non-parents do - at least in our group of friends. Hypersensitised hearing I think.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> In other news, if a live-in infant caregiver (male or female) that you have hired spends more time with the baby than the natural parents do, he/she will recognize the baby's cries better than the natural parents. Also, parents who adopt an infant child. Or hospital workers in children's ICU.

It's simple pattern recognition, just as how an experienced musician might be able to tell when someone else is playing their cowbell ("It has this very particular _clonk_ when hit on the side") better than their non-musical spouse could.

</comment><comment><USER11> Hrmph. Not according to my mother-in-law. As a father I'll never understand the bond between mother and child.

<comment><USER9> Although she may note that having you dislike socializing with her seems to result in shorter visits and less of them. Presumably also affecting child/grandparent bonding.

</comment></comment><comment><USER12> This makes sense. To me this shows we're a well adapted species capable of filling the shoes of another when need be. This fact can't be more evident by the fact when my partner does night shifts she makes sure everything is ready to go as I am hopeless at cooking. I step up to the plate and adapt to the situation I wouldn't usually be in charge of handling.

I used to always think it was only mothers who could recognise the cries of their child, but it does make sense if you spend enough time that you develop a maternal instinct. We are firm believers we're free to live our lives how we choose, but can't ignore the fact we're programmed from the beginning to be a certain way already.

<comment><USER13> Nitpick but:

'Maternal' instinct -> motherly instinct

Isn't the linked article describing this as a behavior that is common to parents of either gender? We merely assume that it is a maternal instinct.

"The factor that best predicted which parents were best at identifying their child's cries was the amount of time the parent spent with their babies, regardless of if they were the mother or father."

This does not describe a maternal instinct that happens to be approximated by fathers, to me. It describes a parental instinct that is not gender-related.

<comment><USER14> _We merely assume that it is a maternal instinct_

I've noticed that our society seems to overrate the whole category, perhaps out of deference to the women who bear the brunt of having children, perhaps to help reassure young women considering children.

<comment><USER15> Or to excuse absentee fathers, and the striking disparities in unpaid work between the sexes, globally?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> I could have told you that. I can tell you that the same mechanism works for your own dog's barks, too, something my wife and I have laughed about recently.

<comment><USER17> Science doesn't work by "I could have told you that". It works by proposing an hypothesis and then testing it (preferably over and over again). Scientists cannot skip the testing stage just because the hypothesis is 'obvious'. Because once every few hundred experiments your obvious hypothesis based on intuition, personal experience and anecdote turns out to be wrong.

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> Not only that, we can tell by the sound if the cries what they want. For instance, our first child had three cries: bad diaper, feed me, and hold me. I knew exactly what she wanted from the sound of her cry.

</comment><comment><USER19> @sabat, you're hellbanned. Looking through your comment history I can't tell why.

His comment:

>Anecdotally, when my son was a baby, I definitely knew his cry, and it felt instinctual (although in truth, it's probably just subconscious recognition).

<comment><USER20> The comment that triggered the hellban was:

<https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5399303>

"I love how Jason Fried, the most self-important man in software (who can't code) is first on the list to diss the security patches. Fuck you, Jason. Learn to code. Then you can diss."

I imagine that telling someone "fuck you" directly is a hellbannable offense (even if the sentiment is genuine)

<comment><USER19> I'd expect more than a single off-color comment before banning someone. This particular user has a long set of perfectly valid and relevant comments throughout his comment history. There should be a pervasive problem with the user that fails to be resolved, even after an open dialog with others, before the community resorts to the boot. Even then, there's no reason for a hell ban specifically. Hell bans are meant to throw off unmonitored spammers who aren't meticulous enough to check that they do in fact have clean accounts to spam through. The Jesus-Spam that's been making the rounds recently is a good example; lots of Bible verses and more or less the exact same message in every post, not at all relevant to the link. Obvious spam. Sabat obviously isn't in this category.

However, the moderation system on HN isn't even opaque; it's a pitch black box. Zero accountability.

<comment><USER21> What you refer to as "Jesus-Spam" is the tragic rambling (and randomly generated "messages from God") of a talented software developer with schizophrenia.

<http://qaa.ath.cx/LoseThos.html>

<https://www.hnsearch.com/search?q=losethos>

<https://www.hnsearch.com/search?q=sparrowos>

<comment><USER22> And the messages are not random! If you read them you'll see they always have relevance to the topic at hand.

<comment><USER21> Usually I've seen a paragraph or two of related and often insightful commentary, interspersed with randomly selected biblical verses or Markov chains (the "God says" sections).</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: What are some good sanity checks to do before launching a product? - <AUTHOR> Be it technical or financial or anything that most people don't think about but they totally should. <comment><USER2> Present it to potential customers. Ask them to buy it (not ask them if they would buy it, because they say "yes" a lot, but to actually buy it).

</comment><comment><USER3> ask someone if they would pay for it.

<comment><USER2> They say "yes" a lot and when you want to sell it to these ssame people later, they don't want it anymore. Sell it to them instead.</comment></comment>


Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illicit Drugs from Wastewater with Ferric Dosing - <AUTHOR> https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.8b07155 <comment><USER2> This is a common method used to create an adsorbent mass of iron hydroxide mediated particls strongly hydrogen bonded that settles and it filtered, dried and used as fertilizer. Not sure where the drugs etc go? changed or ruined in functional aspects probably

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> TLDR Adding iron salt to wastewater before it enters a wastewater treatment facility was shown to be effective in removing pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs from that water.

Title slightly edited from paper's title due to "title" character limit.</comment>


MatchSticks: Portable CNC System for Automating Wood-Working Joinery - <AUTHOR> https://rutian.github.io/projects/MS/ <comment><USER3> The paper [1] is more useful than the web site. A key point:

 _Rather than clamping workpieces into the CNC machine, the machine is designed to be clamped onto the workpiece. It is portable and battery powered to provide freedom of movement._

That's the real innovation here. This is a little machine which works on the ends of large pieces of lumber. That's convenient. It's hard to work on the ends of long pieces with a ShopBot, which is a vertical spindle machine.

This little machine could be very useful for wooden boat builders, who use tension joints.

There's only the one prototype unit, apparently. It's not a product.

Here are some dovetails being cut on a more standard CNC router.[2]

[1] [https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173574.3173723](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173574.3173723) [2] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDa4dQnnEyg](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDa4dQnnEyg)

<comment><USER4> _> This is a little machine which works on the ends of large pieces of lumber. That's convenient. It's hard to work on the ends of long pieces with a ShopBot, which is a vertical spindle machine._

A similar theme of _" bring a small machine to the wood material instead of the wood to the large machine"_ is the handheld portable CNC (e.g. Shaper[1]) instead of laying the wood on a large 4'x8' or 5'x10' bed underneath a gantry[2].

(I've only seen demos of Shaper so can't comment on the viability of a computer guiding imperfect human motor skills. It seems obvious a CNC on a precision gantry would be more ultra-precise.)

[1] [https://www.shapertools.com/](https://www.shapertools.com/)

[2] [https://www.google.com/search?q=cnc+router+gantry+bed&source...](https://www.google.com/search?q=cnc+router+gantry+bed&source=lnms&tbm=isch)

<comment><USER5> Shaper, while nice for some things, is definitely unusable for joinery for precision reasons

<comment><USER6> Really? [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1heXNiwAB0s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1heXNiwAB0s)

<comment><USER5> Err, yes.

The very video shows plenty of joinery error that would not be acceptable in any real setting outside of a hobby. I'll do my best to break it down for you.

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1heXNiwAB0s&t=1m35s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1heXNiwAB0s&t=1m35s)

and

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1heXNiwAB0s&t=1m38s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1heXNiwAB0s&t=1m38s)

Note the significant tearout there, and the ill-fitting of a number of hearts (despite it being cut oversize).

Note also the significant gaps between top and side due to not being able to cut the flat bottom consistently (vibration/rigidity most likely)

Ditto visible here: [https://youtu.be/1heXNiwAB0s?t=96](https://youtu.be/1heXNiwAB0s?t=96)

and

[https://youtu.be/1heXNiwAB0s?t=100](https://youtu.be/1heXNiwAB0s?t=100)

here.

You can also see the side-to-side fit from the heart joinery has significant gaps for the same reason (they avoid showing in most shots, and blur the shot where they are spinning it, admittedly unclear if that's intentional).

[https://youtu.be/1heXNiwAB0s?t=125](https://youtu.be/1heXNiwAB0s?t=125)

here.

That is why the edge is wavy.

Sorry, but none of this would be acceptable for real fine furniture joinery, etc.

Does this mean it's impossible to use a shaper to do it? I'm sure if you are super careful you could probably do somewhat better, but i don't think you'll solve the fundamental issues (or make it repeatably solved)

Look - i own one, i was an early backer, i've used it extensively. I think it's a great tool for what it is.

But i don't think there's a good reason to pretend it's a miracle tool that can do things it can't.

Pretending otherwise will just make for unhappy people.

One reason Domino has been so successful for festool is that it's easy, it is great at what it is (invisible, simple, loose tenon joinery), etc.

Shaper should be viewed the same - it will be plenty successful for what it is good at.

But joinery is not that thing.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> Another interesting open source community driven project is Maslow CNC router [0]. I bought one recently although I haven't assembled it yet. It works on cutting large 8x4 boards. Another tabletop router CNC robot [1] is coming to market soon.

All this innovation in these inexpensive CNC tooling excites me as it enables a garage tinkerer to play with woodworking projects.

Edit: I am not affiliated to either of these companies

[0] [https://www.maslowcnc.com/](https://www.maslowcnc.com/) [1] [http://www.goliathcnc.com/](http://www.goliathcnc.com/)

</comment><comment><USER8> For those who haven't done any woodworking, CNC'ing or 3D printing before, this video will give you a good perspective on operational details. Take a look at this video of a bandsaw vs a CNC: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHfEVek7-r4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHfEVek7-r4)

These two people don't hide any details, they expose you to how complicated these systems are, each parameter, each step and then show you man vs machine. Note the vacuum cleaner at 6 minutes. The CNC took 6 and a half minutes to cut the gear, the man took 8.

<comment><USER9> A couple of interesting points stem from this. (I served a 3 year apprenticeship as a carpenter while I was studying...long story..in all I did nearly 10 years!)

1) The vacuum cleaner. Routers turn wood to horrible fine dust. Bandsaws turn everything to bigger dust particles, and take a much narrower 'kerf' than a router bit, which must be thick enough to not flex too much and to leave room to clear the dust. Other traditional machinery like hollow-chisel morticers and planers tend to produce large chips. I hated working all day with a router for the feeling of duct in my skin and hair. I wore a mask, and had extraction and had an air filter...

2) Bandsaws pull down through the surface, which makes the top surface look neat, with no tearing. With a router, cutting direction is critical to this. Twisted bits can help

3) Sharpness. Router bits suck for staying sharp, especially in plywood. We would have multiples of every size so they could be sent away for sharpening. Dovetail bits (and others) are wear critical, as they wear they need re- adjusting. If a router bit is placed in a situation where it gets hot it will be ruined very quickly. Bandsaw blades are in contrast pretty cheap and long lasting.

4) The situation was comparible if you wanted one gear ever. If you wanted 100, I reckon the bandsaw with a clever jig could cut those in around half the time.

5) Bandsaws are quiet, low vibration and safe (because they naturally pull the work-piece toward the table and the guides serve as guards). Routers are loud little banshees (especially the big 1/2" industrial ones), throw dangerous particles as your eyes, if hand guided can snatch even when used with a jig (especially the big ones).

I only do hobby woodwork now, and tend to find tasks that don't need the router to come out of storage!

<comment><USER10> I have a healthy respect for any tool, but routers scare the shit out of me in a way that even a table saw doesn't.

<comment><USER9> I don't blame you. I have hit embedded stones in chipboard and had pieces of TCT hit my goggles. I have had a collet work loose and the bit come out. I have had them fight back on too many occasions.

I once purchased a 2" wide flat cutter designed for cutting wide tennons. Even run at the correct speed it was jumpy as hell. The whole router would jump out of the work piece! You had to take tiny cuts. After doing a small number of tennons it was blunt! Waste of money. If you want to do woodwork as a hobby, get a set of chisels and a tennon saw... and enjoy yourself

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Horizontal routers like this are neat. Wood is more forgiving than most materials, but the traditional problem in bringing things to workpiece is still the same - rigidity.

While it doesn't matter quite as much for edge treatment that gets sanded, it matters a lot for joinery - the difference between a perfect fit and a very loose not working joint is 0.005 inches.

(For a real cnc, that would be a very very crappy tolerance).

The easiest way to maintain these is making very rigid machines, and the easiest way to do that is adding weight.

This is why my wood gantry router weighs 1800+ lbs, and that is very light.

I have a horizontal aggregate that can already do exactly what this thing does.

For teaching people though, or for messing around as a hobby, I think things like this are fun.

</comment><comment><USER11> As it happens, I left software a year and a half ago to pursue and education (and hopefully soon a career) in woodworking. My feelings on this are mixed.

Let's be clear right off the bat: this is not a production machine, and probably won't get any significant traction in the professional market. I checked out a local architectural millwork shop last year that does high end doors and windows. Once their rough lumber is milled 4-square, everything, and I mean _everything_ gets cut on their 5 axis CNC router. Which has a roughly 8' x 24' bed. Cabinet shops that make a lot of drawers but aren't invested in CNC get a lot of mileage out of router jigs that cut pretty much foolproof dovetails once they're set the first time.

So that leaves the hobbyists and truly custom folks. The truly custom folks are probably already jigged up to cut their joinery with a router, a Festool Domino, or other dedicated machines (mortisers, tenoners, cope and stick set- ups for a router or shaper, etc).

At the very high end, or for one-offs, hand-cut joinery is either expected by the client, or still competitive with building jigs to cut the joinery by machine.

Which leaves the hobbyists.

If you're just doing woodworking to build stuff, I guess I can see the point of this. It (presumably) gets results fast.

But, when you get right down to it, money can't buy skill. And if you're pursuing woodworking as a semi-serious hobby, surely you'd like to actually learn something along the way? The secret to good dovetails isn't a different saw, or a different dovetail guide, or the perfect chisel, or some other doodad you buy. It's practice. Ditto every other joint that this machine can cut, with the exception of a box joint [0]. Maybe I'm grossly misunderstanding the point of a hobby for most people, but I pursue mine to get better at something I'm not already doing, not to be a drone feeding a machine I don't understand. Raney Nelson put it thusly: "If you cannot already do the machine's job by hand, the machine will outwit you" [1].

I won't start my own shop once I finish school. Just like software, there's things you learn in school, and things you learn doing the trade for money. I'd like to learn the things you learn doing it for money in an established shop.

Eventually, I would like to have my own shop. At that point, I think it's an inevitability that I'll need to take jobs that don't pay enough to do all hand work. And I'll own a Leigh [2] dovetail jig, like most everybody else. And I'll probably own a Festool Domino [3] for loose tenon joinery, because that's basically the direction mortise and tenon joinery is headed at the middle of the market on down [4]. And god-of-your-choice help me, if I end up taking more than a handful of cabinet jobs, I'll own a couple sets of cope and stick router bits and a panel-raising bit for the doors. But I don't see owning a MatchSticks machine. Existing tools are faster.

So as near as I can tell, the target market is hobbyists who aren't actually that serious about learning their hobby? Which I concede is perilously close to a no-true-Scotsman fallacy. At the end of the day, if they're going to take this commercial, is their target addressable market big enough to cover their R&D costs and the cost of actually building a production run?

As a courtesy to anybody who replies: I'm heading to sleep (East Coast), but I'll check back tomorrow. And if you're curious what I do: I'm on instagram [5] and I've uploaded some higher-res (but still crummy) pictures to Google Drive [6]

[0] I don't think anybody who wasn't selling something would seriously suggest cutting a box joint with anything other than a box-joint set on a tablesaw. Yes, you _could_ do it with a router and Leigh sells a jig to do so [1], but a tablesaw is better in basically every way. And technically, you could do it by hand, but there would be a lot more fitting than for an equivalent dovetail joint with no actual benefit. If you aren't making box joints by the thousands, they're basically made to be cut on a tablesaw.

[1] [http://www.daedtoolworks.com/lounge-against-the-machine- daed...](http://www.daedtoolworks.com/lounge-against-the-machine-daedlab- commandments-1-and-2/)

[2] [https://www.leighjigs.com/](https://www.leighjigs.com/)

[3] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYW_9MgSp6Q](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYW_9MgSp6Q)

[4] I'm curious how Leigh feels about this development. I'm willing to bet they aren't thrilled; they make mortise and tenon jigs too.

[5] [https://instagram.com/teaandsawdust](https://instagram.com/teaandsawdust)

[6] [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wQKGxaqWfRzNoc- vevIh...](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wQKGxaqWfRzNoc- vevIhd3BkgnHpkgbb)

<comment><USER11> TL; DR: As I was brushing my teeth, I realized this is basically the bread machine of woodworking tools. If you're making commercial quantities of bread, you need a bigger machine. If you're making bread for the joy of making bread, why use a machine at all?

<comment><USER12> The fun in making bread is not in the kneading. Kneading is brainless work. Bread enthousiast forums are rife with talk about bread machines - <USER2> kneading machines and full bread making machines. I understand the picture you're trying to paint, but like so many cute analogies, when the fundamental premises don't even hold, what's the point?

<comment><USER11> Your point is fair; I don't actually make my own bread. I was just going off of the large number of people I know who have bought a bread machine, made a single-digit number of loaves of bread, lost interest, and never used it again.

The point here being that if you aren't engaging with the hobby enough to really learn it, there's not really enough in it to hold your interest long term.

I think the difference between "normal people" and bread enthusiasts is how they approach the bread machine. Bread enthusiasts, I assume, come at it from the angle of having engaged with the hobby and are looking to reduce some of the drudgery. "Normal people" come at from the angle of "sweet, I can make bread!", realize that if all you want is a loaf of bread, you're better off just buying one, and lose interest.

If you're a bread enthusiast, can you shed some light on this?

<comment><USER12> Not sure - some tools can make you do things you couldn't before, or do them better. There is no way to simulate high temp/steam/low temp cycles without a programmable steam oven, and some types of joints are near impossible without elaborate jigs or tools. I don't think being a pro or hobbyist is the difference here. The OP seems like a cool thing to build, but it seems like a solution looking for a problem too. Plenty of bread enthousiasts just like the smell and taste of fresh bread, which they can't get from the store, and the easiest way to get that, will do. Just like some people might like nicely dovetailed cabinets with tight glueless joints, and will use anything to get that, as you can't buy that sort of thing.

Not sure what my point is or where I'm going with this. Many things are highly inefficient to do yourself. People still do them. Does that mean you always have to use the most low tech methods? People have different desires and goals and objectives. I wouldn't spend my money betting on the OP being a great market success, but then again, there are quite a number of 3d printer companies, who also build niche tools, that seem to survive...

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> I've enjoyed or appreciated this kind joinery, but never could do the job right (given limited tools, though that doesnt stop a craftsman).

This is Very cool. Hope they Kickstart it or something.

</comment><comment><USER14> The whole project smells of YouTube woodworking culture. That's not a bad thing! It's just that the device itself reads like a CNC Pantorouter ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wZ1v4PIsYI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wZ1v4PIsYI)). They show a table-top workbench. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjqWvpdNbms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjqWvpdNbms)) And, the final example is of "Korean Joinery" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4lOeUYoDME](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4lOeUYoDME)).

None of this is damning. It just gave me a heck of a sense of deja vu as I watched. I almost expected stop-motion clamps to squeak by, a la Frank Howarth!

<comment><USER10> It doesn't have much Paul Sellers in it though.

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> (A miniature horizontal CNC mill for cutting joints in the spirit of the pantorouter)

<comment><USER16> The [1] pantorouter by Matthias Wandel is an amazing invention. Anyone interested in woodworking has probably seen his YouTube videos too.

[1] [https://woodgears.ca/pantorouter/](https://woodgears.ca/pantorouter/)

<comment><USER17> Did you see he's taking a hiatus from making videos? According to his YouTube channel his shoulder is in bad shape and he's moving to be near his wife's family.

<comment><USER10> I hadn't heard that. That's too bad--his videos are fun. I've learned a good bit from him, and I even built the box joint jig from his plans.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> Eh. Better to clamp the workpiece to something rigid. Much better to have steel pattern routers with templates and making new ones is loads quicker than programming. CNC is for toolpathing not rudimentary work humans would be better at

</comment><comment><USER19> I'd love to make this. I wonder if they'll publish the code and plans.

<comment><USER20> I hope so- I have a full size cnc, but this format would be great. I assume it's grbl with a custom UI?

</comment></comment><comment><USER21> One more tool I would like for my future garage microfactory!</comment>


Python 3.8 Makes me Sad Again - <AUTHOR> https://ilya-sher.org/2020/08/16/python-3-8-makes-me-sad-again/ <comment><USER2> So the author is sad because Python 3.8 fixes things... too late for their taste? And they, "as an author of another programming language" would've known better and never made these "mistakes" to begin with? Get off your high horse.

</comment><comment><USER3> I don't get the part about unordered maps. Python never promised ordered dicts (until 3.7) it wasn't a secret nor did you have any reason to believe that they would be ordered.

I mean they're ordered now and that provide some benefit in terms of simpler code in some cases, but it was never a problem as such.

<comment><USER4> Besides, Python already had OrderedDict in the standard library for a decade.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5>
        "Somebody" ignored the wisdom of Lisp, which was
        "everything is an expression and evaluates to a value"
        (no statements vs expressions), and made assignment a
         statement in Python years ago.

This was the philosophy of Algol. That is why ":=" was invented there. From Lex Fridman interview I understood that Guido was not educated enough to understand some issues, and tried to fix them afterwards. :-)

<comment><USER6> Funny, a very similar sentiment, but inverted was expressed in a rant about c# shared on here a couple of days ago - typing `foo.bar()` and implicitly discarding the result, because you assumed foo.bar() was a statement.

My first though was "that's the single largest cause of avoidable bugs in my python code".

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> There is some valid criticism but, as pointed out, fixing language inconsistencies when there is a corpus of programs already running is not trivial.

Maybe when we decide to make Python 4.

/me ducks

<comment><USER8> I would sure love it if the packaging folks could come to some conclusion.

The fragmented packaging scene is not a core language problem, but a real source of dismay nonetheless.

<comment><USER7> As PyPI is not a curated repository, I don't see how that could be done.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> I don't understand the parameter section. What fundamental mistake is python trying to remedy with the must-be-positional parameter?

I don't get why you would want to force people to not name a parameter.

Like, why is it so bad that I write:

        myval = mydict.get(mykey, default=mydefault)

Who does it help that this throws an error?

<comment><USER10> In many languages you can do whatever you want with parameter names because they're an implementation detail. In Python it's always been frustrating that perhaps a less experienced developer can rename a parameter "inside the function" and break calling code that happened to refer to the name. (And since it isn't static/compiled, how long after the change will you see this break?)

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> Is the author sad because Python 3.8 is fixing things? What would he rather have them do? Not fix things?

Or is he sad because millions of people around the world use Python instead of his shiny new esolang where he's managed to get all the things right™?

Hindsight is always 20/20\. This kind of snark achieves nothing.

</comment><comment><USER12> Why is it useful for maps to be sorted by insertion order?

<comment><USER13> However the author did not mention stable order does not come for free. It is not a trivial decision to make, between ordered and unordered dicts.

<comment><USER14> Actually in this case I believe it did come for free due to a change in the way dict was implemented in 3.6:

[https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python- dev/2016-September/...](https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python- dev/2016-September/146327.html)

<comment><USER13> It is not as simple as that. It might looks "free" in this particular implementation, but it obviously prevents further optimizations.

<comment><USER15> To follow up on lightgreen's comment, in arijun's own linked-to URI they specifically mention the new level of indirection right away. Indirection is not "free" at all. For very large dict()s in main memory/DRAM it could be 2X slower. A hot loop benchmark where the CPU can perfectly predict its near future work and its prefetcher can mask DRAM latency may not reveal this, but a less "simple" benchmark would.

The primary point of the ordering feature (and insertion ordering) is because Python uses that very same dict implementation for language features such as keyword args {def foo(\ _\_ kwargs)}. Changing to hash-order from "source code"-order can be confusing.

<comment><USER14> The reason for the change for more compact dicts. Thus the fact that it also preserved insertion order was a happy accident with no additional cost; what I called "free".

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> > My perspective is biased towards correctness and "WTF are you doing?"

What an arrogant and pompous thing to say.

That tells everything you need to know, the author thinks of themselves as some sort of intellectual God.

</comment><comment><USER17> Q: Python 3.9 is better ?

[https://docs.python.org/3.9/whatsnew/3.9.html](https://docs.python.org/3.9/whatsnew/3.9.html)

<comment><USER18> If you're a teapot, it's definitely better.

> HTTP status codes 103 EARLY_HINTS, 418 IM_A_TEAPOT and 425 TOO_EARLY are > added to http.HTTPStatus. (Contributed by Dong-hee Na in bpo-39509 and Ross > Rhodes in bpo-39507.)

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> I get why a CI/CD approach is taken with modern languages but you can't revert changes with programmimg languages like you can with APIs. My view is, long- term supported new features are fine but deprecation of existing features and code breaking changes should be constrained to a major version change (like 2.7 -> 3) and that should happen at most once in a decade.

I wish more programmers that work outside of the tech industry would contribute to these discussions.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> Clarification: NGS sucks differently. That's it.

Don't know how you guys get from "From my perspective, all languages suck, while NGS aims to suck less than the rest for the intended use cases" to how NGS is generally good or generally better than other languages or did/would avoid mistakes.

Note "aims to suck less", not even "sucks less".

Thanks, OP

</comment><comment><USER20> >This works because regular dicts have guaranteed ordering since Python 3.7

But the API is different! OrderedDict has more methods that have to do with order, and `reverse` works on its `.keys()` and `.values()`. Or did they fix this in 3.8?

</comment><comment><USER21> PHP also had ordered maps from the start.

<comment><USER22> I think the problem is that a lot of people get used to ordered maps in PHP and then expected the maps to be ordered in other languages.

</comment></comment><comment><USER23> This is fairly low effort, and it doesn't even take much effort to find flaws with Python.

</comment><comment><USER24> Meh another shit-post for some clout.

<comment><USER13> Disagreement with post doesn't make it shit. Diversity of opinions is great.

But calling the post shit instead of providing any arguments definitely does not make a constructive helpful discussion. Such comments are just noise.

<comment><USER25> I think parent is using "shit-post" to describe a negative post.

Like this: [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shitposting](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shitposting)

<comment><USER13> Does not look obviously negative to me.

Thank you for the link though.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


The Greenhouse Effect: Eco-friendly glass architecture that incorporates flora - <AUTHOR> http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/greenhouse-effect <comment><USER2> It sounds like the author is associating greenery with ill-gotten power, because historically people with ill-gotten power have spent a lot of money on greenery. Here's an alternate explanation for this:

People with ill-gotten power belong to the larger category of people with power. People with power are able to spend money on beautiful things, and belong to the larger category of humans. Nearly every human likes greenery and sunlight, and these expensive glass buildings are full of both.

<comment><USER3> The author is associating highly controlled cultivation of greenery with highly authoritarian power, and a view of human life as a resource to be controlled. Somewhat plausible: Microsoft is famously monopolistic, Apple has FoxConn, and oil fuels a whole lot of war. The wealth necessary to create such greenhouses largely comes from tech and oil.

<comment><USER4> It's interesting, these types of associations based on vague connections have a really truthy feel to them. It's like a form of art that's meant to evoke a sense of truth in something that has little correspondence to the external world. I think there's something to appreciate there, as a type of performance, as long as one doesn't make decisions about the world that way.

<comment><USER5> Thanks, you've articulated my thoughts about this kind of articles just perfectly. Adding this comment to favorites so I don't forget the wording.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> > In places like San Francisco and Seattle it is no longer possible, if it > ever was, to separate neo-fascism from neoliberal urban development caused > or exacerbated by a growing tech industry, and its consequences of > gentrification, homelessness, gender inequality and worker exploitation.

I think that a generic leftist publication can't be told apart from satire about it at this point.</comment>


I just got a job offer for $17,000 less than I asked for, what should I do now? - <AUTHOR> Here's the breakdown. I asked for 70K a year and they offered me 53K per year and only 4 days of vacation for 2011. It seems like I have a chance to do some negotiating, but I have no idea how to go about it? I've never been in this type of situation before. According to indeed the average salary for my position is 76 K per year. Can any of you guys / girls with more career experience lend some advice? Also, full disclosure, I also posted this on reddit to get as diverse of a response as I can.<p>Edit:  As it pertains to experience, I have more than enough experience.  The position requires 3 years of experience, I have 7.  I am actually exactly what they are looking for. In the interview, they joked that I changed my resume to match the job description (I didn't). <comment><USER2> This is a negotiation. That was their opener. Its not personal, its probably automatic to lowball all new hires hoping to get lucky. This is when you counter. Something like $65k and 2 weeks vacation. Since they seem to think vacation is important you might then say something like "I could do 60, maybe but I'd need at least 4 weeks..."

You can't get what you don't ask for.

By the by, if they happen to say something like "4 weeks vacation isn't standard company policy", look them right in the eye and say "I'm not an ordinary hire". This has never failed me.

<comment><USER3> Four Days vacation in 2011 is actually not totally unreasonable (it would eight days for a full year, as opposed to more standard 10, or two weeks). But I agree with everything said above, it's a negotiation: negotiate.

<comment><USER2> I usually find that when employers haggle over vacation days, its a huge warning sign that its not going to be a place I want to work. I usually press them for extra or make up a "previous engagement" that I'll need time off for during the bargaining just to see how they react.

Then again, I always did find all of the ceremony around "earning" vacation days through attendance, banking sick days, and rolling over vacation like its cellphone minutes to be completely insane.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER4> Just say no thanks and get something else. There is no deal to be done here that will work for both party long term.

<comment><USER5> Here here. This offer sucks.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> It is actually an insult to you that they have taken you through an interview process in which you said up front that you want $70K and they at the end of it all are offering that much less. Sounds like they are pretty clueless. Not a good sign.

</comment><comment><USER6> Hi Jill,

I'm sorry, I misunderstood the level of the position. Totally my fault, I should have asked more questions. Thank you for your time and please keep me mind if you have a more senoir level position in the future. Have a good summer!

-imns

</comment><comment><USER7> Refer to the job posting "oh? I thought the job posting said you were looking for someone at my level?"

There are secretaries/assistants that make 50k a year. They are screwing with you.

</comment><comment><USER8> Counter with 80k and tell them you expected standard vacation time when you offered 70k.

</comment><comment><USER9> 76K is most likely for someone with more experience (just guessing you lack overall experience based on the question, don't take it the wrong way).

To keep this brief, I would counter with something like "I've looked at other positions and really feel that I am worth at least 60K. If you can agree to that, along with a performance review and potential merit increase in 6 (or 8 or 12) months based on my performance relative to other members of the team I think we can have a mutually beneficial agreement"

You can massage the words a bit, but you get the point.

However, you need to figure out what YOU are worth, not what the job typically pays, and also determine if the potential employer has a realistic set of expectations or if they were just looking for a cheap hire.

If you're fresh out of school this is probably a decent (but not great) offer. Keep in mind too that the initial experience may be more valuable than the salary...

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks for the response. I've actually got more than they required experience and my skill set is just what they are looking for. I feel I am worth at least 70K per year, but this is a tough job market and this is essentially the only position currently available in my town.

<comment><USER10> Do you actually _want_ to stay in your town? It sounds like that's hurting your job prospects, with only one job offer there.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Why did you low ball yourself from the start? If 76 is the average in your area, you should have asked for 79. State that the average is 76 (site your source) and ask for 70 again.

</comment><comment><USER5> Dude, with 7 years exp you should be able to get more than 70k... for development. 53k is real low.

That said, 4 days vacation for the remaining 2011 sucks too. It should be prorated and industry standard (which is low) is something like 2 weeks vacation (so pro-rate that).

You really want this job? Counter offer with more vacation.

</comment><comment><USER12> Four days of vacation? Four? I'd walk. They don't value the morale of their employees very well, regardless of compensation.

</comment><comment><USER13> If you are not desperate for the Job simply say, I am sorry but that is not in the range that works for me. If you want me my desired salary is firm at 70k. No is a powerful word so use it if you are ok with the possibility of not getting the job.

The reality is you should have asked for at least 80 so you had room to negotiate.

</comment><comment><USER14> You asked for less than what you think is the average salary for the position. You think they think that you exactly fit the job description, with more than double the required experience. And then they offer you 25% less money?

This is where you say No and then go silent. Until they offer you what you want.

</comment><comment><USER15> How big is the company? I've worked for a number of smaller (less than 300 person) companies and there are always wide deviations in salary. It seems like a third of the people have "special" deals in one way or another.

It won't hurt at this point to be bold. I would be surprised if you could get them up to $70K from $53K so there isn't much to lose.

If they're replacing someone, flat out ask them what the previous person made and why he left. Point out that he might have stayed if they'd paid better. Or ask what other people in similar positions within the company are making. Insist that you should be at the top end of the range.

</comment><comment><USER16> The fact that you put up this question might show that once you agree to the offer you will always ask yourself whether you could have earned more at another place. So only agree to the offer if this will not bother you for the rest of your time being there. Plus -as already mentioned here by others- what is your upside potential? Are you going to learn something new? If the chances are low that you might learn something new and you can't get your head around earning less than average, I believe you already know the answer.

</comment><comment><USER17> I have seen this quite a lot recently. I believe the premise is that you may be emotionally exhausted after the interviews and may be willing to take less. Here is the real question for you: is this offer close to something that you are earning now or some other reason their offer was so low? If not, my suggestion would be to say no. Even IF you were to negotiate, in my experience a company that begins a relationship with you like this will only continue to view you as a commodity rather than a person.

</comment><comment><USER18> Counter with a higher amount, say +$10k, and at least a full week of vacation time. Also to consider, what are the health benefits that are being offered? These are typically standard across companies regardless of salary.

If they don't at least match what you asked for initially after countering, then just move on. Unless you in an extremely desperate situation, just move on.

</comment><comment><USER19> Do not budge. Stick with your asking price. You already made the mistake of not aiming high and negotiating down to 70k so now that you have no room to budge you need to enforce the asking price. Then when they come up to 60 maybe then you can consider going down but I wouldnt until they get to 60k.

</comment><comment><USER20> I am very interested in the outcome of this. Could you please make sure to post what you do and the results of those actions.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks, I will definitely update the post with what happens.

<comment><AUTHOR> I asked them to split the difference, and they came back with 55K, a 2K increase over the original offer.

I was thankfully able to get my current employer to give me a raise that has brought me up to what I think my skill set is worth, so I'll be sticking with my current job for now.

<comment><USER21> Didn't you try to counter their offer again. Like "my current employer has offered me more to stay, if you could make the 70k then we could still be on?"

<comment><USER22> If he can only get them to come up 2K, there's no way they're going to come up 15K more. _Bail and don't look back._

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> Fresh out of school? Are you qualified?

<comment><USER5> He said 7 yrs. Thats bit more than qualified.

<comment><USER24> How does one go 7 years without negotiation experience? In any case, my experience suggests that you won't be happy working there, even if they pay you your 70k - it's clear they are after a junior (3 year exp) and value the role commensurate with that. Unless you are getting desperate / it's urgent (in which case you've already lost the negotiation game) I'd recommend looking for a position more in-line with your experience if you want a salary matching your experience - a world-class chef shouldn't expect world-class dollars if he works at a fast-food outlet.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> Get a competing offer?</comment>


Ventusky – Weather data visualization - <AUTHOR> https://www.ventusky.com/ <comment><USER4> This is a great visualization of free data, although not the first in this style, but it's usefulness in actual forecasting or nowcasting is rather limited.

Interpolation between sparse grid points can result in missing fine details, like the subtle boundaries that kick off the most violent storms in the central Plains.

Limiting to just GFS and GEM make sense from a proof of concept level, however these are long range models that play in the 10-16 day range. GFS in particular uses a 13km spaced grid that isn't convection allowing, meaning it can't model individual storms well. GFS is typically only output every 6 hours as well so it can easily get out of sync on forecasts for the day of.

It would be great to see these types of visualizations incorporate something fast and higher resolution like the HRRR or even one of the NAM/WRF 4km variants, but that is a _lot_ more data than what is currently being ingested.

The best weather information (for US citizens) hands down is still your local NWS office. I'd recommend everyone bookmarking their site and following them on social media.

<comment><USER5> Will GOES-16 improve the existing models? Or is the plan to create new models? I'm really curious to know how the higher resolution images will be used.

<comment><USER4> Current models ingest new data from a variety of sources, including surface observations, buoys, airplanes, and GOES-derived data. The derived data might be more accurate and might be used more extensively going forward - I'm not entirely sure.

IMO (as an amateur) the bigger impact is for convective meteorologists that are continually watching satellite imagery and the work that places like CIMSS are doing in analyzing satellite imagery and detecting patterns indicative of severe weather. These detection algorithms will have a higher degree of confidence and can be triggered several minutes earlier now - <USER2> providing earlier warning for tornadoes.

CIMSS proving ground: [https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes_r/proving- ground/SPC/SPC.ht...](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes_r/proving- ground/SPC/SPC.html)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> Very nice, although default of Fahrenheit, really? The date format is ISO rather than US by default. Maybe a master switch [US|Countries in the 21st Century] 8-)

<comment><USER7> My default was celsius. Firefox, language de

<comment><USER8> Connected from France, Firefox in english, default was °F

<comment><USER9> Is that localisation EN-US or EN-GB?

<comment><USER10> It's °C for me with EN-GB

<comment><USER11> deg F,

windows: en-ca chrome: EN-US Physically in Canada

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> Looks very similar to Windytv ([https://www.windytv.com/](https://www.windytv.com/)). Are these websites somehow related?

<comment><USER13> They are both very similar to [https://earth.nullschool.net/](https://earth.nullschool.net/) which is open source: [https://github.com/cambecc/earth](https://github.com/cambecc/earth)

<comment><USER14> It is not any longer, the last update on github was made 3 years ago. Now Cameron works is not publishing new features on github.

<comment><USER15> Which features does the website have that are not in the repo?

<comment><USER14> eg WebGL support which was added last year in November

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> Does it make sense to anyone that this kind of data should be layered on regular mapping applications (directions, traffic, shops)? Or is it too much?

I like the idea of visiting Google Maps, for example, and being able to toggle _snippets_ of this kind of weather data onto the map itself. Other useful, one-click, toggles could include:

1\. Real Estate Listings for a given area

2\. Demographics

3\. Forecasts & Historical weather info

4\. Crime data

5\. Local Events

6\. Low-bandwidth settings

7\. Access to publicly available real-time streaming cameras

<comment><USER17> If you are in the US, you can add a kmz to Google Earth to get some of the weather stuff:

[http://www.nws.noaa.gov/gis/kmlpage.htm](http://www.nws.noaa.gov/gis/kmlpage.htm)

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> While it is undeniably both beautiful and really cool, I've yet to see anything that beats a meteogram[1] when it comes to actually understanding at a glance what the weather is likely to do over the next couple of days.

[1] [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteogram](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteogram)

<comment><USER19> is there an online source for that? (preferabley with coverage of europe for me)

<comment><USER18> The android app Yr, from the Norwegian met centre will give you an up to date basic meteogram for most of the world. They (yr.no) also have an API if you want to download just the image for your own uses.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> Love this kind of weather visualisation.

I'm fan of Windytv. They also offer free API: [http://api.windyty.com/](http://api.windyty.com/)

So I made tracker for around the world sailing race (Vendee Globe): [https://gis.ee/vg/](https://gis.ee/vg/)

It makes so much easier to follow big weather patterns.

</comment><comment> a-ve Great website.

On a side note, you can see the Himalayas doing their job: [https://www.ventusky.com/?p=32.15;78.51;6&l=pressure](https://www.ventusky.com/?p=32.15;78.51;6&l=pressure)

</comment><comment><USER21> Cool! This reminds me a bit of weatherspark, which used to have a fantastic tool for visualizing long term trends. What were the 10th/50th/90th percentile temps for a given day over the last 30 years, etc. I wonder if the data sets here could be used to build something similar.

<comment><USER22> Everyone misses weatherspark. It's been a year since they went down and there's still no replacement for their historical weather viewer. I know they decided to stop because their flash based API for the radar map was depreciated but even _just_ the historical and predicted line plots of weather data I'd pay money for.

Ventusky is no weatherspark replacement and I don't think the models they're drawing their data from would work for one.

<comment><USER21> Do you know if weatherspark used public or private data sources? I've been working on some open source data visualization tools and if the data sets were public perhaps we could build something with weather data sets in mind.

<comment><USER23> After WeatherSpark shut down I spent a few minutes poking around weather data sources before getting overwhelmed and giving up. It looks like they get all their historical data from Weather.gov. (WeatherSpark lists their data sources here: [https://weatherspark.com/about](https://weatherspark.com/about) ...and weather.gov appears to have their data available for download from NOAA: [https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/](https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/))

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> Sure seems to be a lot of Fahrenhate here... Hey, look at it this way - <USER3> more granular Fahrenheit degrees (roughly half (5/9) a Celsius degree) are more useful for determining comfort - including setting a thermostat: I've had a couple of European cars that clearly used degrees Celsius for their setpoint (even if displaying degrees F, usually skipping by twos). Way too often, it simply wasn't possible to set the AC comfortably - it was either too warm or too cool. This matters in Texas...

</comment><comment><USER25> Related: Site for tracking lightning/thunderstorms [1].

Warning: Sound is on by default. Disable by clicking Sound in the menu on the lower left.

[1] [http://blitzortung.org/](http://blitzortung.org/)

</comment><comment><USER26> This "cyclone bomb" is terrifying [https://www.ventusky.com/?p=49.1;-27.3;3&l=pressure&t=201702...](https://www.ventusky.com/?p=49.1;-27.3;3&l=pressure&t=20170206/12)

Is it even possible?

<comment><USER27> I would guess it's a standard propagating structure. For other readers: winds at 80km/h rotating with a diameter of ~2000km. Pressure drops at 935hpa in the center

edit: at 10m above the ground. at higher altitudes, it's quite faster and with a different shape

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> Number one criteria I look for in weather sites is that they pin my CPU to 100%.

<comment><USER29> You co-locate a lot of other workloads with your novelty weather visualizations, do you?

</comment></comment><comment><USER30> For remote locations I find the NASA worldview pretty accurate for weather predictions. Just came back from the Seychelles, basically any weather forecast was completely off.

Just by looking at the NASA satellite images you could roughly predict the cloud movements for the next day and though next sunshine :)

EDIT: link [https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov](https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov)

</comment><comment><USER31> Well, I for one find this pretty cool, especially the part where you can select the altitude. As a licensed remote pilot, this gives me a good idea of winds aloft at-a-glance without having to parse an entire full-briefing with all METARs, PIREPs, AIRMETs, and whatnot. My main question is the "altitude" in this AGL (above ground level) or MSL (mean sea level)?

</comment><comment><USER32> Looks nice. Lots of gratuitous bouncing when using the scroll wheel to zoom, though (Firefox 48.0, Win7). The effect is somewhat unsettling.

</comment><comment><USER33> Great stuff let's not forget [https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/ort...](https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/orthographic)

<comment><USER34> It's very interesting being able to drag the different projections around.

</comment></comment><comment><USER35> I'd love this as a live wallpaper. Anyone if there's an easy way to make that happen?

</comment><comment><USER36> Looks far better than Weather.com and accuweather.com

<comment><USER17> I like forecast.weather.gov:

[http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=40.6936&lon=-89...](http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=40.6936&lon=-89.589)

No geoip, but a lot of information, right from the source.

The NWS radar pages are also pretty good (and again straight from the source):

[http://radar.weather.gov/radar.php?rid=ilx&product=N0R&overl...](http://radar.weather.gov/radar.php?rid=ilx&product=N0R&overlay=11101111&loop=no)

There's 4 different display options for each radar, I usually use the simple loop one:

[http://radar.weather.gov/ridge/radar_lite.php?rid=ILX&produc...](http://radar.weather.gov/ridge/radar_lite.php?rid=ILX&product=N0R&loop=yes)

They also have regional overview pages:

[http://radar.weather.gov/ridge/Conus/centgrtlakes_lite_loop....](http://radar.weather.gov/ridge/Conus/centgrtlakes_lite_loop.php)

Click to zoom to a local radar page.

</comment></comment><comment><USER37> Just so you know, wind in Spanish is "viento", and "ventusqui" is an informal way to call the wind. So yep, they've copied both the concept AND the name of windytv.

</comment><comment><USER38> The zoom on this thing is out of control.

<comment><USER39> Same, touching the scroll wheel yields unbearable UI confusion for about a minute.

</comment></comment><comment><USER40> I only have a minor complaint: It only lets you view real time data and forecasts up to 2 weeks out; there's no archived data like earth.nullschool.net (which has data going back to 12/2013). If there were a site like that, or even a way of creating a DIY site that uses archived numerical data but maintains a similar UI/visual appeal as Ventusky (e.g. the wind streamlines, which I think look much more appealing than on nullschool), I would pay actual real money for this product.

</comment><comment><USER41> This site is great - and it looks like there are others out there too.

I use this for backpacking and astrophotography to figure out precipitation and cloud patterns (as to not waste a drive out). Very helpful!

</comment><comment><USER42> I think making sense of the scale of weather would be aided by an accurate world map like the peters projection or something of that nature that doesn't do Eurocentric seafaring things like put Greenland as being the same size as Africa when Africa is like 11 times larger in reality. For example, with a proper map, the fact that much of the northern Atlantic landmass is heated by the sea would make more sense -- it's a much smaller area in reality than is represented.

</comment><comment><USER43> Wow the visualization is great. Probably not as useful as a standard weather website, but blown away by the design.

</comment><comment><USER44> This pales in comparison to the much more detailed, beautiful, featured, older visualization at [https://earth.nullschool.net](https://earth.nullschool.net)

</comment><comment><USER45> I remember using this site to watch the projected path of the last hurricane that happened (I forget it's name). It was an amazing visualization tool. Forgot about it since then.

</comment><comment><USER46> I personally prefer [https://earth.nullschool.net/](https://earth.nullschool.net/) I find it works better with Mac Trackpads

</comment><comment><USER47> Looks like Dark Sky[0] has a competitor. I'll probably use both of these side by side.

[0] [https://darksky.net/](https://darksky.net/)

</comment><comment><USER48> Now I know who to blame real-time for this cold morning.

It was you, Minnesota.

</comment><comment><USER49> Offshoot topic. How can I find the windiest places in the us?

I'm looking to move somewhere warmer and I was thinking a strong consistent wind would mitigate the hot summers.

<comment><USER50> I live in a windy place, in Europe, and I suggest you to reconsider your decision.

<comment><USER51> where is Europe? Brussels?

<comment><USER50> No. I live in Spain, in an area close to a river delta where it is very, very windy. I also lived in a windy island for many years.

Wind, when it is strong enough, can be very uncomfortable, even dangerous.

I guess that what you are looking for are places with a sustained sea breeze in summer. However, these places tend to have high relative humidity, which is not comfortable.

<comment><USER51> thanks!

reference to Brussels was a weak attempt at a joke: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windy_City_(nickname)#Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windy_City_\(nickname\)#Politics)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER52> It seems many people have their locale set to en-us, but don't like seeing °F, inches etc.

Go to Menu > Settings > Language > English [en]

That will give you °C, mm, etc

</comment><comment><USER53> Nice! Although it would take a lot to get me away from [https://darksky.net/](https://darksky.net/) now.

</comment><comment><USER54> Reminds me a little bit of when I used Vis5d back in the 90s to look at the weather model data. This is quite nice.

</comment><comment><USER55> What do these indexes below the "Thunderstorm" mean? Why are visualizations of them so different?

</comment><comment><USER56> How could it show anything meaningful for places where no weather data is collected, like Tibet or Nepal?

<comment><USER13> Majority of weather observations come from satellites these days.

</comment></comment><comment><USER57> Beautiful. This should be used to introduce vector fields in Calc 3 / Manifolds type courses.

</comment><comment><USER58> Confusing how the wind is animated, nothing else is; for example, the temp, precipitation, etc.

<comment><USER59> > Confusing how the wind is animated, nothing else is; for example, the temp, > precipitation, etc.

There is a play button in the bottom left to animated the currently selected heat map over time.

<comment><USER58> On mobile? If so, I'm not seeing it. Checked the settings too.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER60> Check out how you can embed a snapshot and it keeps the animation! All in the code, too!

</comment><comment><USER61> Nice, but the page takes my laptop's CPU from a quiet 2% to a whiny 100%.

</comment><comment><USER62> Very neat, I wish the water areas showed water temperature, not air temperature.

</comment><comment><USER63> When you zoom out, it makes the Earth feel like a living creature. So cool!

</comment><comment><USER64> I'm somehow reminded of The Scream. Beautiful site, though.

</comment><comment><USER65> nice ui.

i won't switch from meteoblue which has more features, a similar ui and more and much better models, at least for europe.

<comment><USER14> [http://Windytv.com](http://Windytv.com) is providing Meteoblue's NEMS model and you can compare weather models...

</comment></comment><comment><USER66> Can not convert to Celcius. The default is Fahrenheit.</comment>


10 common beginner mistakes in Python - <AUTHOR> https://py.checkio.org/blog/10-common-beginner-mistakes-in-python/ <comment><USER2> I think the part regarding scoping was well written, and there was a good suggestion on not nesting if...then...else constructs needlessly.

</comment><comment><USER3> That's quite low quality. They even call lists "arrays".

<comment><AUTHOR> fixed, thanks.</comment></comment>


Ask HN: Image compositing language? - <AUTHOR> Is there a good language for compositing raster graphics? Putting different sub-images in different places, adding text, ... that sort of thing. <comment><USER2> I'm not sure if this is what you are looking for, but ImageMagic can do a lot of things like that. See for example [https://imagemagick.org/Usage/anim_basics/](https://imagemagick.org/Usage/anim_basics/)

Also, you can use the image library of Racket. You can mix bitmaps and vectorial images. See for example the [https://docs.racket- lang.org/quick/index.html](https://docs.racket-lang.org/quick/index.html)

</comment><comment><USER3> Processing -- [https://processing.org](https://processing.org) \-- is one of the easiest and most popular languages for doing 2D graphics (and some 3D stuff as well). It's Java based, though there are ports to JavaScript such as p5.js that make it mostly seamless to export your code to the web.

The language and IDE are designed for beginners but it is not limited by it, and in fact many professional designers use it still. The documentation is great, with simple live examples of virtually every function. Here's save() for writing out an image file: [https://www.processing.org/reference/save_.html](https://www.processing.org/reference/save_.html)

More recently, they've opened it up to make it easy to get third-party libraries for making web requests, running physics simulations, or augmenting the IDE itself.

</comment><comment><USER4> Well, SVG, while actually just being XML, supports embedded pngs/jpegs and can be exported to most raster-graphics formats from the command line. Not sure if it's what you're looking for, but personally I love the possibility of being able to scale stuff as I see fit.

</comment><comment><USER5> Depends on your use case, but the more common paradigm for reusable and procedural image compositing is the idea of a node graph. Prople prefer to work this way for the interactive visualization. This kind of functionality is found in Natron and Blender (free software) as well as Nuke, Fusion and Houdini (paid.) All of these programs can be scripted with Python.

If you're looking for something to run headless on a server, Imagemagick is a good choice.

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks. I didn't realize Blender did bode graphs—I'll have to check that out.

I've been using ImageMagick but the CLI invocations are pretty awkward. Maybe I'm just looking for a DSL on top of ImageMagick</comment></comment>


By 2050, many world cities will have weather like they've never seen - <AUTHOR> https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/07/major-us-cities-will-face-unprecedente-climates-2050/ <comment><USER2> Scary article. Also scientists believe the maximum capacity for earth is about 10b.

When people start running out of resources in hotter zones we're in real trouble.

Population control, not only climate change!

<comment><USER3> I believe that the data from developed nations has indicated that population growth follows a sigmoid and not an exponential. If that indication holds true for all nations as all nations become "developed", then population control is a naturally occurring phenomenon and the world will not have to resort to anything like a 1 child policy.

If that holds true, then I believe the problem is far more constrained to climate engineering rather than social/societal engineering which may actually be possible.

Hopefully it gets done in time!

<comment><USER4> Population might come down but the current trajectory says it will cross 10billion in the next 20years . It will come down long after problems of over population start hitting us.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Strap in, everyone, the climate ride only gets worse from here.

<comment><USER6> The headlines certainly will. Let's wait and see if it ever manages to impact my life. Seeing scary headlines like these for multiple decades without ever having my life impacted sure has done nothing to lend credibility to those headlines.

<comment><USER5> How old are you? You'll probably live long enough to have hundreds of millions of climate refugees beating down the door to your country when their cities become literally unlivable: [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/17/climate/india- heat-wave-s...](https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/17/climate/india-heat-wave- summer.html)

<comment><USER6> The oldest headlines I remember are from the 1960s and 70s. Also, there's already so many "refugees" in my country, I won't notice a couple of million more. The way I see it things will tip politically towards the far, far right and then I won't have to worry about people dying outside of my country.

<comment><USER5> Well, I guess that's a refreshingly sociopathic outlook.

If you were alive in the 60s and 70s, you probably won't live to see the worst of what's coming, but any children and grandchildren you have will.

And we're not talking about a few million: some estimates suggest up to a billion people will relocate in response to pressure from changing climate. Rich nations are kidding themselves if they think they can close borders against numbers like that.

<comment><USER6> With a military complex big enough and autonomous weapons, I don't see the problem, to be honest. Just using some of the currently banned chemical weapons can eradicate those numbers with minimal effort. It's all a matter of politics. Once it tips, those numbers won't matter, other than being a statistic for the annals of history. "X people were massacred...". If it doesn't tip, it's going to be game over, though.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> This is really sad to hear. We are spending million of dollars on space research for finding possibility of human survival on other planets by dumping our own planet with plastic, co2 etc and making it hell.

Instead of that we can spend the same amount to revamp and protect our own ecosystem. But this will not come true until nation leaders understand this.

<comment><USER6> Nation leaders don't have as much power as you seem to think. It's all a problem with incentives and starts with every individual. You could stop buying anything that contains plastic, you could stop using your car, never travel with a plane etc. etc. The problem isn't with nation leaders, it's with the incentives we have leading us to do the things we do.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> Commenting so I can check back in 30 years.

When I look at the big cities mentioned in the article on Google Maps, about 50% of what I see are roofs.

I wouldn't be surprised if we also put roofs on the gaps over the next 30 years. So whole cities become indoor areas.

Living in an outdoor city might become as unusual as it is to live outdoors today.

Additional guess: Most of the roofs will be made of solar panels.

<comment><USER6> People need sunlight, though. Going extended periods of time without sunlight will lead to feeling tired all the time, from where it's easy to fall into depression. Would be really bad if that's the direction cities are going..

<comment><USER8> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_sunlight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_sunlight)

<comment><USER6> There are technical solutions, but I don't expect them to be applied, since they ain't applied now in conditions where they should.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Let's jsonfy the data [https://gist.github.com/spookyahell/1c688efc3bc0096517542350...](https://gist.github.com/spookyahell/1c688efc3bc0096517542350c43e2c06)

</comment><comment><USER10> [https://www.bbc.com/news/world- europe-48780685](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48780685)

Already happening: "Europe's five hottest summers since 1500 have all been in the 21st Century."

<comment><USER6> How can it be since the 1500s if we can accurately measure this for only a little over a hundred years? There was this sceptics question about a newspaper from 18XX about the hottest summer and all the answers pointed out that we couldn't measure accurately back then.

<comment><USER10> > How

Science!

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the_past...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the_past_1000_years)

<comment><USER6> There's an emphasis on the word "likely" in that article, so it's speculation at best.

<comment><USER10> It's not words: science has much more exact way to estimate the confidence in any scientific result -- numerically! The estimates are valid and good. It's certainly not "speculation" like you now "speculate" with your doubt, but it's a scientific estimate, guided by the scientific processes. To dispute them, you'd have to raise to that level, be educated enough and able to understand the work already done, not speak empty words of doubt.

<comment><USER6> Your appeal to authority isn't convincing.

<comment><USER10> I'm definitely not appealing to authority. I'm claimng that nobody should take you seriously when you don't understand the topic and moreover even show that you don't want to learn.

<comment><USER6> If you weren't appealing to authority you could make your point without referring to an authority. But what you told me was that there is an authority who said something that I am not allowed to dispute without also becoming part of said authority. Hence my reaction: your appeal to authority isn't convincing. Feel free to use exactly the same arguments your authority would use, but just saying "because they said so" won't convince me.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> The average temperature for cities in middle America will raise 10F in 30yrs? That sounds really a very big swing and they claim it's their "most conservative" prediction.

<comment><USER12> > with Minneapolis's warmest month shooting up from around 80 degrees > Fahrenheit on average to more than 90F in 2050.

They're saying it's the warmest month, not the whole year. I guess that makes sense, the mean might increase just a little but the variance is what is going to increase a lot.

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> I wonder if fertility rates will have some sort of environmentally driven drop. Will seemingly healthy females no longer be able to conceive?

</comment><comment><USER14> Already happened to Cape Town

</comment><comment><USER15> how come Asian cities are less prone to change? Look at Seoul, Hong Kong for example.

</comment><comment><USER16> Name one city you believe is seeing weather they haven't seen in the last 200 years and I bet we can go back and find data that shows otherwise

<comment><USER6> Sure we could, but that wouldn't support the current narrative crafted to garner support for a CO2 tax. People should always pay attention when the solution to any given problem is supposedly more taxation.

<comment><USER17> You're implying that a shadowy conspiracy of politicians and climate scientists has, over the course of decades, spun the entire concept of climate change out of whole cloth purely to justify an otherwise-pointless tax? And, for good measure, that all tax is illegitimate?

<comment><USER18> This thread went straight from denying changes to conspiracy theories about tax, all without a single shred of proof.

<comment><USER6> Since when was proof required when talking about climate change? If there was actual proof that human activity makes a difference, there wouldn't be any denial.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Show HN: ByteScout Data Playground – filter, sort CSV using natural language - <AUTHOR> https://app.bytescout.com/data-playground/index.html <comment><AUTHOR> Hi,

Made this Data Playground to help non-technical people to work with CSV files by filtering, sorting, viewing data from them using natural language questions like: "Show 5 recent orders", "Get customers with email like Berry", "Get orders with size like XL".

For technical people it also can work with SQL queries (just use the special switch).

The app works online, any suggestions and comments would be appreciated!</comment>


Ask HN: Are there any mature HTML5/canvas libraries? - <AUTHOR>

I am planning to write a canvas-based drag and drop puzzle game.
Looking around at the various libraries I could use, it looks like (from looking at bug reports) that every library I look at seems to have problems on one of the desktop, Android or iOS, with things misbehaving.
Am I better off just reinventing the wheel, or is there any library which someone has experience with working across different OSes and browsers? <comment><USER2> Hydroxide: <https://github.com/Poincare/Hydroxide>

Disclosure: I'm the developer.

Its very easy to use, small, and if you fire me an email about anything going wrong, I'll fix it :)

</comment><comment><USER3> I'm currently using FabricJS (demo page: <http://kangax.github.com/fabric.js/kitchensink/>), so far, works fine on desktop and iPad, didn't do much testing on android though.

</comment><comment><USER4> I'm currently working on a browser based game and I found <http://easeljs.com/> to be greatly useful.

</comment><comment><USER5> RaphaelJS seems solid on the desktop, but not sure how stable it is on Android/iOS.</comment>


Announcing Rust 1.31.1 - <AUTHOR> https://blog.rust-lang.org/2018/12/20/Rust-1.31.1.html <comment><USER2> I miss the old rust site. The new one removed the faq and broken links all over the web in the process.

<comment><USER3> I was initially not a fan when the initial beta site was posted to HN, but I am a fan of the new site overall now that it's in production, some of the language tweaks seem much more fitting to reach both a developer & management audience

One example would be the original main tagline: "The programming language that empowers _everyone_ to become a systems programmer"

Which is now: "Empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software."

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Can someone bury this? It is taking up valuable space on the homepage and is literally a patch that fixes a couple bugs. People must be reflexively up- voting it thinking it is an interesting release.

<comment><AUTHOR> The way you inform the mods about this is to flag it, or email email@example.com.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> Why is an announcement of a patch release on the front page of Hacker News? Just because it's about Rust?

<comment><AUTHOR> Yeah, I agree they're not the biggest thing. I submit them only because _someone_ will, might as well be me. Not a ton to discuss here, though.</comment></comment>


BlackBerry wristwatch available for pre-order - <AUTHOR> http://www.itworld.com/mobile-amp-wireless/82436/blackberry-wristwatch-available-pre-order <comment><USER2> watches that needs to be recharged each 4 days? no way!</comment>


Reddit's new signup experience - <AUTHOR> https://www.reddit.com/r/announcements/comments/6eh6ga/reddits_new_signup_experience/ <comment> Amulet- I think it's an improvement over the old system :)</comment>


Show HN: Marlin – Bookmark Manager for the Windows Terminal - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/wilfredinni/marlin/blob/master/README.md <comment><USER2> I first thought this is something like Buku [1] to manage _browser_ bookmarks. Maybe you should make it somehow prominent that this is about _folder_ bookmarks.

I'm using the git bash and bash aliases to achieve the same result, but I think it's quite convenient being able to just call a script to bookmark it :)

[1] [https://github.com/jarun/Buku](https://github.com/jarun/Buku)</comment>