Dev work contract with worrying clauses applicable after contract ends - <AUTHOR> Today I found about a worrying clause presented to an acquaintance in his new job contract as a developer. I've had a stable job for a few years so I assume I'm out of the loop and would like to know how common this is.
The clause is that for a few years after employment ends, the developer is supposed to submit to his former employer all his new "inventions" (i.e. I read that as anything newly created that is of any consequence) so that this employer can unilaterally decide if the inventions are actually rightfully his as a consequence of providing the developer with the opportunity to gather work experience and know-how.
This is for a company in the EU, for a mainstream development job with a small company (less than 20 devs).
I was aware of confidentiality agreements that extend beyond the period of employment but I've never seen something like this. Have you? <comment><USER2> Contracts may be full of crazy over reaching stuff. When faced with a contract like this, you ask if you can modify it. If they say, "Take it or leave it." you turn down the offer.

If they say yes, find a lawyer and get it looked over.

Sometimes you can just cross out stuff, modify or add stuff i.e. add a time limit to an open ended NDA, reduce the scope of a non-compete or eliminate it all together. After a while you get to know what to look for.

Once I was given a contract that stipulated that, if there were errors in my work product, I would be _"liable for estimated loss of profits"_. (!!!)

I quoted the offending line and wrote: "Nice try but yeah, no." I had my lawyer fix it and they were a great client.

</comment><comment><USER3> Just name the company and post an image of the clause on a LinkedIn post and the company will quickly and publicly remove it.

</comment><comment><USER4> If you want to read some previous discussion on a nearly similar topic (it happened to me), go here. Some EU devs also chime in about their experiences:

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16637900](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16637900)

(spoiler: I didn't take the job)

<comment><AUTHOR> Holly @W$%! This is exactly what I was looking for :) THANK YOU!

<comment><USER4> My discussion was for a full-time employment agreement in the USA, but hopefully some of it will carry over.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> This clause is abusive and I think is illegal in EU. Better consult an employment lawyer. I would ask to remove this clause or turn down the offer.

<comment><AUTHOR> It is abusive and largely illegal but that's irrelevant. Once you sign something like this, even a small company has enough resources to harass you with lawsuits that you might win after a few years but by then your life is mutilated.

What they gain with such threats is control over you with an installment of fear to ask for a raise or do anything that separates you from the company because that clause makes you unemployable for X years while it's active. The former employer (O) just needs to check your LinkedIn profile and send a notice to the new employer (N) that everything you write for N must be submitted to O so it can unilaterally decide if it actually belongs to them. It's absurd but I can believe companies try this because they have nothing to lose.

He refused the offer but I would like to know how common such a clause is, this is why I ask. Until now, I haven't thought about how careful you have to be when signing what one could assume is an absolutely benign and common work contract.

<comment><USER5> Depends on EU country of course, but any court can invalidate such clause or even entire signed employment contract without much effort, especially in such highly unilateral uncompensated unbounded case.

I am sure refusing the contract is tough decision for some but I think in a long term it is a wise move. Companies with such shaddy tactics usually are quite bad toxic places to work in and lack any reputation. Just check some other non-compete/confidentiality clause threads here in HN. You will find similar experiences.

From my experience it is extremely rare situation in EU nowadays, but I may be biased as I work with reputable companies from my network recomendations.</comment></comment></comment>


Learning Scalaz - <AUTHOR> http://eed3si9n.com/learning-scalaz/ <comment><USER2> It would be nice if there was a "what is scalaz" before I knew if I wanted to learn it.

<comment><USER3> Scalaz is a Scala library that gives you Haskell in Scala.

I've got exactly two imports I require for every Scala project - Scalaz and Scalacheck (quickcheck style testing lib).

Also very nice, albeit slow, is scalaz stream.

[https://github.com/scalaz/scalaz-stream](https://github.com/scalaz/scalaz- stream)

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> The cool kids are quickly abandoning scalaz for cats [1], in fact the exodus may already essentially be complete, as evidenced by the author's subsequent work [2]. I guess that's what happens when your project just attracts too many _ssholes.

[1] [https://github.com/non/cats](https://github.com/non/cats)

[2] [http://eed3si9n.com/herding-cats/](http://eed3si9n.com/herding-cats/)</comment>


Trying to Matter - <AUTHOR> http://matt.is/trying-to-matter

<comment><USER2> _"and no matter how much you learn, much of the world is inherently unpredictable."_

I think that's the core lesson. In the West and the rest of the developed world we've created stable societies that we tend to take for granted. It's really just a layer of order superimposed on inherent chaos, that can break down if we're not careful about maintaining and cultivating it (financial crisis I'm looking at you).

</comment><comment><USER3> What is terrifying is that the ones committing these atrocities are people just like us, they share the same genetic makeup, part of the same human race. Somehow their actions makes me think that we are not that far away from acting like them, we have our stable society but how much does it take for us to start committing those atrocities? Of course we think we would never ever do those things, but there are instances of soldiers who come from "stable" societies who end up acting no better than these people ( <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre> )

<comment><AUTHOR> Also <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment>

I think it would be easy to jump to the conclusion that because this happened in a primitive village in a part of Africa with a history of conflict, "it's always been that way."

What made news of this attack so jolting was that our family had experienced Nyankunde in peaceful years. It was a beautiful place with wonderful people. I had always wanted to go back.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> amazing job identifying something that is really hard to express and describe, especially in words. +1</comment>


Eight low-tech ways to keep cool in a heatwave (2013) - vanilla-almond https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23255554 <comment><USER2> > Lukewarm showers

I think this is personal. Ice cold showers help me immensely and consistently in multiple climates. My wife (originally from another country) prefers to take hot showers. Although that sounds awful, if I feel her skin afterward, it's cool to the touch, so I know it works for her. So I of course tried it and it was a nightmare. Never again.

Where I live it was 40C/105F yesterday and we don't have air conditioning. It's actually not bad when you have a strategy in place. In college I lived on the 10th floor of concrete building that also lacked air conditioning. I think the list in this article is good mainly for short term relief. It's also optimized for situations that aren't very applicable to most of its readers.

In France, it's standard for windows to have white exterior shutters that both repel sunlight and prevent it from entering a home through the window. They are controlled easily from a handle indoors next to the window. This should be standard in homes and buildings worldwide. If you prevent heat from entering in the first place then you can greatly reduce the "need" to use air conditioning. I can personally attest to how effective they are.

Simply opening the windows at night helps a lot since where we live it gets cool enough. Whole house fans (run in the early morning or late evening), ceiling fans, and cool drinks are enough to keep me comfortable indoors no matter the temperature.

<comment><USER3> I often wonder why nobody paints their roof white. I see all this black asphalt soaking up heat on roofs in the south and think that everyone must be crazy.

<comment><USER4> It is crazy. But houses with dark roofs look better, so they sell better. And replacing a roof is very expensive, so no one is going to do that on a new house just for the heat. Further, many new construction houses are in HoA neighborhoods, and HoAs don't like people to be unique because it "spoils" the uniform look and "decreases" property values. It's the system working against us. The only solution would be to codify requirements in building codes.

<comment><USER5> White roofs stain and get dirty. Especially if leaves get on them.

<comment><USER4> Lighter colors, even if not white, would still reduce absorption and increase reflection. A middle-gray would help, and possibly something with a color tint to it.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> A lot of these techniques lose effectiveness at higher humidity. Eventually water and sweat evaporation can't keep up and you're just moist and hot instead of hot.

<comment><USER7> NYC was pretty brutal today. 35C/99F and high humidity. Shade has no effect. The thing that works for me is to walk slow and think cool thoughts.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> "If you are cold, tea will warm you; if you are too heated, it will cool you; If you are depressed, it will cheer you; If you are excited, it will calm you." \--Gladstone

</comment><comment><USER9> If you prevent heat from entering your house, you don't have to get rid of it either.

The last two days I hung up two wet towels as "curtains" on the outside of (open, curtainless) window in the living room, which face the sun during the day. They blocked the sun, and air coming into the house through the window was notably colder.

They dried out so quickly that I had to soak them again twice during the day. Given how much energy it takes to evaporate all that water I think that little hack got rid of a _lot_ of heat.

<comment><USER10> It looks terrible-slash-suspicious but I've found covering windows with aluminum foil to be an effective technique. It's cheap, reflective, and optically thick.

<comment><USER9> Yeah, that would work even better at deflecting heat - there's a reason chemists and physicists use simple aluminium foil as make-shift insulators (might also block some the neighbour's WiFi signal, boosting the reception of your own, but that's a bit of a tin-foil hypothesis :P).

You'd miss on the evaporation cooling though. Maybe a two-layer approach would work best of all low-tech hacks! :)

In the past, when I was living in an apartment with a wider windowsill, I used to put a reflector made from cardboard covered with aluminium foil on the inside and sun-hungry plants inbetween, creating a miniature greenhouse. Open windows were a requirement of course, because it would still trap heat otherwise.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Or you could be cool like whitequark and install an industrial AC for ~100$ with All The Watts: [https://twitter.com/whitequark/status/1010824530145759232?s=...](https://twitter.com/whitequark/status/1010824530145759232?s=21)

<comment><USER12> "All the watts"? Just because a fancoil can dissipate 45 kW doesn't mean there aren't limitations elsewhere in the system (e.g. the compressor can only pump that much coolant around). The Twitter thread mentions nothing about the compressor..

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> It was my undertanding that the Bedouin wore full body clothes to SLOW evaporation. In the desert, your sweat evaporates to fast (because of the near 0 ambient humidity) not giving it enough time to pull heat out of your body. Thus, making you even hotter.

I've experienced this very thing riding a motorcycle through Arizona. Man, it takes some real willpower, but gearing up is what is required when the temps go over about 85F. Just don't stop!

Tip. On a motorcycle, wet your shirt. Zip up your coat. Unzip your wrist cuffs. This slows down the airflow giving time for the water to evaporate and cool you, while providing an intake and exhaust. You will be amazed at how well this works. You can actually regulate the temperature (air flow) by opening or closing the zipper by your neck.

This will not work in areas with high humidity like the deep south.

<comment><USER14> Yes, while hiking in dry hot climates I wear long sleeves and long pants, partly to keep the sun off but it also improves your water economy. Less water will be lost and you don't need to drink as much.

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> It's been about 95f-100f in Kansas lately and my AC unit has been dead. I've resorted to keeping my tub full and taking a dip every half hour and letting myself air dry.

I also haven't worn clothes at home for awhile.

</comment><comment><USER16> Also: Add attic insulation, which is surprisingly uncommon in older Bay Area houses! Adding insulation is particularly cheap compared to the actual cost of the house, and is something one doesn't necessarily need to hire a contractor for.

<comment><USER17> Our bay area home has tremendous southern exposure. Thankfully the attic is insulated, but I really wish we had gables so it would be easier to install a whole house fan. The house itself rarely breaks 80 but I have to use fans in the windows to cool it off at night; I can only imagine how much cooler the house would be if it wasn't (say) 120f in the attic.

<comment><USER18> Solar-powered attic fans might help (the southern exposure would let them generate plenty of power). Light-blocking shades on the outside of the south- facing / west-facing windows likely would help, too.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER19> I suppose one idea is to adjust your work hours, so your employer is keeping you cool during the hottest part of the day. They're cooling the place anyway, so I doubt it costs them much to have you there. And maybe cooling a bunch of people in one place is cheaper than cooling a bunch of nearly empty houses.

In contrast, I ride my bike to work, so I start super early in the summer in order to avoid getting drenched in sweat.

The problem here in the Midwest is that it gets cool at night, but with virtually no wind, so we use some window fans to bring the cooler air into the house.

</comment><comment><USER20> I was in Phoenix Arizona this week for work and was amazed at the effectiveness of evaporation cooling. Bars and restaurants spray water mist into the air near their front door. The air is so dry that the water evaporates near-instantly (the ground doesn't even get wet under it!). Evaporating water pulls heat from the air, and suddenly 42C turns into 28C.

It's simple, low-tech, and effective.

<comment><USER21> Isn't it amazing disembarking the plane into AZ? Instantly it's 98F+ on the jetway, and the plane absorbs a large portion of that as they ask you to close the window shades on landing. I don't quite understand how one can live there if they like being outside at all. Perhaps enough months of the year make it worth it? It is, however, a nice place to visit from a cultural standpoint.

</comment></comment><comment><USER22> Can anyone speak to the advice I received years ago (on move-in day at a college dorm with no AC) that two box fans--one pointed outward and one pointed inward--would be more effective than having them both aimed inward? Supposedly helps create circulation, but, I'm not sure I buy it.

<comment><USER23> If you think of your room like a rack mount server it totally makes sense. I've never seen a server with fans pulling air in from the front AND the back, only only ever in one side and out the other. You want to get air in, have it absorb heat, and then get rid of it. Having positive pressure in your room or server just results in high pressure warm air, not a cooling effect.

<comment><USER24> >If you think of your room like a rack mount server it totally makes sense.

I'm not sure how good that analogy is. Generally a box fan is loosely fit in the window and has an open interior with no shroud, as opposed to server fans which are tightly mounted to a fan-sized hole and have a close-fitting shroud around the blades. This has a big effect on the optimum configuration, because the box fan's suboptimal design happens to be _more_ suboptimal at sucking than blowing (while a server fan is good at both, being closer to an ideal actuator disk)

I have observed that, in general, a box fans work better at blowing _out_ a window than sucking _in_. At first this confused me. Why should this be the case, given time reversal symmetry?

Here's my hypothesis. The fan produces a high velocity jet of outlet air, but sucks in any air nearby (that's why you can _blow_ paper across the room, but you can't _suck_ paper across the room, another seeming violation of time symmetry). Since the fan is located nearer to the interior of the window, it can either A) _blow_ an outward jet that maintains its momentum through the window, or B) attempt to _suck_ an inward jet of air through the window. That doesn't work, so it mainly intakes warm interior air, resulting in mostly in- room recirculation with very little flow through the window and very little static pressure created to drive whole-house airflow.

Think I'm full of shit? Good, then your skepticism is working! Don't take my word for it. Anyone can test this using a phone with a barometer. Put the phone on a table (for constant altitude) in the room with the fan. Compare the pressure drop (exhaust fan on vs. off) with the pressure rise (intake fan on vs. off). If I'm right, the absolute magnitude of the pressure _drop_ should be greater than the pressure _rise_ , indicating greater airflow in an exhausting configuration.

If you only have one fan, definitely have it pointed _out_ , not in. The moving column of cold air cools the entire place, not just a single room. Also this arrangement keeps the noisy fan in a separate room, while you enjoy the cool air quietly wafting through a nearby open window.

I've transformed many friend's apartments from sweltering to comfortable by implementing this tip.

TL;DR blow _out_ , not in.

<comment><USER23> If you've got two fans though, one in and one out would be optimal no?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> >Standing under a freezing shower might sound like the quickest way to bring your temperature down.

>But your body will react to a dramatic change like this by trying to preserve heat.

>"If I'm hot and I go under a cold shower, I'll shut down the blood flow to the skin and trap the heat inside me rather than let it escape," says Tipton.

>As a result, he says, it's better to use water that is in the 20s Celsius than water that is in the 10s.

>"It's better to have a warmer shower that is cool enough to lower the deep body temperature but is warm enough to allow the blood to the surface of the skin."

Is there any proof of this? Even if the body makes adjustments in an attempt to mitigate heat loss, I have doubts that these adjustments manage to make lukewarm water more effective at cooling than near-freezing water. That seems backwards, but maybe it is just contrary to my intuition. If 20 degree water is more effective at cooling than 10 degree water, how does 5 degree water compare? What if you shower in -10 degree liquid? Is 25 degree water even more cooling than 20 degree water because it is even closer to normal body temperature? I would like to see an experiment.

<comment><USER26> there are a lot of proof and research on this, just google and pick for your taste. In general you want to (step 1.) transfer heat from inside the body to the skin/lungs and (step 2.) reject it from the skin/lungs into environment. While definitely improving step 2. the very cold water may cause blood vessels constriction and thus significantly worsen the step 1. The same machinery is behind the frostbites - cold environment causing blood vessels constriction and thus lower heat delivery to the skin, toes, fingers.

On related note - reading recommendations for when for example a dog gets a heat stroke, you will find that ice or very cold water straight onto the belly may worsen the situation for exactly that reason. Also recommendations to in particular cool the head - pretty straight, not that much depending on blood vessels state, heat transfer from the brain preventing/slowing the damage.

> What if you shower in -10 degree liquid?

that takes blood flow mechanics play even further - you can get a heart attack by quick changes in blood flow caused by the blood vessels constriction (or quick expansion after that if you quickly get back into the warm environment - there was that story about a ship crew rescued from cold ocean water only to all drop dead from heart attack when they were immediately walked into a warm room on the rescue ship). On the good note - being a Russian i like and frequently do hot sauna until my heart can't take it anymore and jump into the cold water (or into the snow or river ice hole back then in Russia) straight after that - great fun enjoyed responsibly :) - the key here is having hot sauna to really expand your vessels so they wouldn't get immediately shut down by the cold water/ice and staying open they provide for efficient heat transfer.

</comment></comment><comment><USER27> I think fan on the face helps not only with feeling cooler but with actually removing heat from the body. I read somewhere that there is a quirk in human circulatory system that makes blood that go to the brain go through face first to cool it down. This is probably some adaptation to long distance running. I imagine that there might be some additional adaptation that increase efficiency of face as a radiator.

<comment><USER8> I don't think this is true. Blood to the face is supplied by branches of the carotid arteries but all blood that goes to the face will return to the heart then the lungs and then the heart again before going anywhere else.

<comment><USER27> I can't find the original article but there's something about brain cooling by the veins of the face:

[https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/31566/how- does-t...](https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/31566/how-does-the- brain-cool-itself)

Also there is some theoretical danger associated with the setup of how blood is supplied to the brain: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_triangle_of_the_face](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_triangle_of_the_face)

<comment><USER8> I'd never heard of this before. I had read that it is possible for infection from the face and upper jaw to track to the the brain, so maybe there is some venous return from the face via the brain. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_triangle_of_the_face](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danger_triangle_of_the_face)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER28> If the air is dry enough, swamps coolers are cheap and easy to build. I haven't had the chance to build a liquid desiccant system yet but it seems the tech has advanced considerably since I last surveyed 15 years ago.

[http://www.ailr.com/liquid-desiccant/ld- tutorial/](http://www.ailr.com/liquid-desiccant/ld-tutorial/)

[http://ashraemadison.org/downloads/Meeting_Presentations/jan...](http://ashraemadison.org/downloads/Meeting_Presentations/jan_2014_tech_presentation.pdf)

[https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/24688.pdf](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy99osti/24688.pdf)

[https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56437-1.pdf](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56437-1.pdf)

</comment><comment><USER29> I'll add another one: put solar control film on you sun facing windows. I was surprised by how it turned a greenhouse like room in an acceptable one - <AUTHOR> prevents solar heat getting into the room and making it hotter than outside.

<comment><USER17> Heh, I did this to our south-facing windows, only to realize in the peak of summer the sun is too high and hits the roof anyway. During lower sun angle times of year, it does help reject heat though.

</comment></comment><comment><USER30> Interesting approach from Munich, my home town: district cooling, i.e. using cold water from inner city streams and distributing the cold to shops and offices, so they don't have to use air conditioning. "produces far fewer CO2 emissions and reduces primary energy costs by around half":

[https://www.swm.de/english/m-fernwaerme/m-fernkaelte.html](https://www.swm.de/english/m-fernwaerme/m-fernkaelte.html)

</comment><comment><USER31> Missing: green tea with nana mint, as used in Morocco. Opens the blood vessels.

</comment><comment><USER32> Not trying to sound salty, but just for general reference. A heatwave in the UK starts somewhere around 23C. At 20C they are already anouncing in the stations for people to carry water at all times.

<comment><USER33> That's a normal day in SoCal...

one of those things I can't help but chuckle at. 73 F (23 C) is like my ideal temperature!

<comment><USER34> I always love the super Internet badasses from warm climates who laugh at notherners for complaining it's too hot at "normal" temps. I'm willing to bet SoCal doesn't hit -30. Your body is used to one small temperature range all year, our range swings wildly and we have to cope with both extremes.

Nah, but go ahead and laugh when 80F is considered hot. We laugh in our tank tops and shorts when you guys say 50F is cold.

<comment><USER35> I did a crit bike race in Melbourne in ~42c a few years back; it's amazing what you can get conditioned to. I did put electrolytes in my hydration though..

I went back to the Norwegian summer following the summer of Black Saturday in 2009, where we got a few 46c days. That was a shocking summer even by Australian standards. When I got to Norway it was around 35c - unusually hot for them; my family really couldn't handle it. I just found it mild and pleasant... they all looked at me weird.

The reverse was true when I moved to Australia many years before that. Arriving in June, coming straight out of the Norway winter I couldn't understand why Melburnians were complaining so much .. to me the "winter" felt hot!

Of course I also complained that they should close the windows in the office because of the road noise, only to discover that double glazed windows aren't standard everywhere. They really don't know how to build houses here.

I've seen below freezing point temps riding to work now so they really ought to introduce some proper building codes ... it's just sad how much energy is wasted pumping heat through the metre wide gaps under the main doors. Really, Australian builders have _NFI_ about energy.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER36> I always wear a bandana when tourusting about in hot weather. Make it wet from a water bottle and put it on my neck for a bit of instant continuous cooling. Put it on the head, spreading around the forehead for even more cooling. Put it on my wrist and then occasionally wipe the forehead for occasional / no cooling.

Another "trick" is cardiovascular health. I was miserable in heat for some time but thing got a lot better after I picked up cycling - 32 c humid heat produced no discomfort (apart from sweat).

</comment><comment><USER37> Phoenix resident here. I find that in summer I need to limit my caffeine and get plenty of sleep. I buy Nuun electrolyte tables for runners and drink them all day in my water while just sitting in the office. Get your AC looked at, make sure your duct work is not leaking any air. It is kind of expensive but I installed a mini-split AC just for my bedroom and it is incredible. I highly recommend a mini-split (or ductless ) AC for the room you sleep in.

</comment><comment><USER38> I'm always annoyed by the waste of cooling (or heating) a whole building when what we really need is just our body temperature to regulated. My thoughts drift towards clothing that has cooling built in, but become my usual muddle of 1/1000th baked ideas.

But try putting a reusable cooling pack right on your body, it's pretty great when you're overheating.

Back mounted compressor that runs cooling pipes to your underwear, that could be amazing!

<comment><USER39> look up 'cooling vest'

</comment></comment><comment><USER40> I grew up with no AC in a location that got very warm/humid in summer. A fan was it.

Now I have a family member who grew up in Hawaii and consequently with AC turned on alot.

When it gets a little warm/humid and no AC is available, it's absolutely miserable for her. But I'm just fine. I mean it's miserable but I can pretty much function normally. She can't.

</comment><comment><USER41> Being bare-footed (as opposed to wearing socks) also makes a huge difference.

Source: Living in South East Asia for years.

</comment><comment><USER42> "Wear wet clothes"

Oh Man, when it is hot I love go sleep and use a wet towel as a blanket. Girls hate it.

</comment><comment><USER43> And don't forget: if you have an air-conditioning unit, either close the windows, or turn the unit off (and keep the windows open).

Unless you're trying to chill the universe, that is.

</comment><comment><USER44> I live in Florida. My AC unit in my office is out. That's on the second floor of my home. A beach towel sarong and no underwear. Modesty and cool.

</comment><comment><USER45> Has no one seen Scorsese's Gatsby?

You take ice, put it in front of the fan, and let the fan blow on you combining several of these low-tech ways to keep cool.

<comment> ctrl-j And then your freezer turns on and dumps a bunch more heat into your environment.

Better only use store bought ice for this trick.

<comment><USER46> I wonder how much we'd benefit from having seasonal control over where electrical appliances send their waste heat:

For example:

\- ovens: vent outside on hot days, inside on cold days.

\- clothes driers: vent outside on hot days, and on warm days either (a) vent inside through a filter or (b) send the exhaust through an indoor heat- exchanger before venting.

\- refrigerators: cooling coils cooled with indoor air on cold days, outdoor air on hot days.

<comment><USER47> "\- clothes driers: vent outside on hot days, and on warm days ... send the exhaust through an indoor heat-exchanger before venting."

We live in the tropics and do not have anywhere to hang clothing to dry.

We use a heat-pump dryer which heats the air on the 'hot' side then through the clothes and then circulates the now-moist air through the 'cold' side which removes the excess heat and condenses the water vapour.

The same air then goes through the cycle all over again. That means no huge amount of hot, wet air escaping into an already hot house which needs to be either vented or cooled.

And because the energy used in heating the air is not thrown away by venting it, but is recaptured by the 'cold' side, the dryer is cheaper to run.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER48> number 9: eat less and dont be fat. your internal heater is your worst enemy. if you eat little, your body starts to lower its internal temperature and this will help you cool down. fat acts as an insulator so it is helpful to not be fat. i've been on a diet since christmas and my only problem is staying warm right now. i want it to be over 30 otherwise i have to layer up.

</comment><comment><USER49> _The_ solution to keeping cool indoors is air-conditioning. Given the way we are (not) curtailing our carbon emissions, the world of the future is going to be warmer than it is now with more frequent heat waves. Air conditioning will literally save lives. We need to get the infrastructure and economy in large portions of the world to the point where the vast majority of the population will be able to afford air conditioning and the infrastructure supports air conditioners running all the time.

<comment><USER50> So I guess animals need to develop tech to survive?

<comment><USER51> No they'll survive just fine without, sloshing like evolutionary sludge into every nook and cranny that supports life as they always have.

We don't need tech to _survive_ either, so long as we don't mind living like animals!

<comment><USER52> Or they won't. Sixth mass extinction.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER53> Fishing offshore in the summer here in Florida a wet hat is traditional, at least in my circle.

</comment><comment><USER54> In humid heat a simple towel to remove sweat works surprisingly well.

</comment><comment><USER55> They forgot « put your feet in ice », it works super well.

</comment><comment><USER56> That is a super cute orangutan in the article.</comment>


Google Public DNS over HTTPS (DoH) Supports RFC 8484 Standard - <AUTHOR> https://security.googleblog.com/2019/06/google-public-dns-over-https-doh.html <comment><USER2> Has this RFC addressed issues around corporate users, (more) internal DNS leakage, DHCP/WPAD/AD/Proxy-Pac configuration of DoH?</comment>


Haskell People - <AUTHOR> http://argumatronic.com/posts/2017-09-27-haskell-is-useless.html <comment><USER2> Nice post.

A monoid is an interesting and underrated "pattern" for objects where you can have a "nothing" and an operator that smashes two values together. The operator may be 'lossy' as in 3 + 4 = 7, or it might preserve the originals to some extent as in "3" \+ "4" = "34".

I realized the power of this when working with a new library and thinking "how do I concatenate these", all I had to do was check that the data was a Monoid and used mappend. There is something very satisfying about that.

Plus if you build some utilities on monoids, they'll work with lots of distinct objects, from parsers to numbers to lists to all sorts of other things.

What Haskell lacks in the community is people blogging about how to get more mundane things done like setting up a CRUD website, API, or desktop app. I have a site in my profile that attempts to fill that gap.

<comment><USER3> >> algebraic structure I talk about the most passionately is the monoid

Can you ELI5 monoid? what problem does it solve which isn't easy in other languages without it?

edit: thx everyone.

<comment><USER4> A monoid is something that allows you to take two of the same kind of thing and smash them together to be one of that same kind of thing. It also requires you to have an "empty" thing that can be smashed together with any other thing without changing the result.

In code:

        smash :: Monoid a => a -> a -> a
        empty :: Monoid a => a

A monoid is a property of things, not languages, so the idea of "a language without a monoid" doesn't really make sense.

<comment><USER5> Ah, so this is a monoid:

        instance Monoid Int where
            smash 25 x = x
            smash x 25 = x
            smash x y = 2*x^2 - 3*x*y
            empty = 25

Thanks for explaining!

<comment><USER6> There are also the monoid "laws" (not checked in Haskell):

        empty `smash` x = x -- left identity
        x `smash` empty = x -- right identity
        (x `smash` y) `smash` z = x `smash` (y `smash` z) -- associativity

Your definition doesn't fit any of these. (Edit: you've rewritten to meet the first two; but it is not associative.)

<comment><USER5> mightybyte didn't state the associativity law in his original definition. As for the left and right identity laws, he did state them, and I did intend my instance to satisfy them (otherwise I wouldn't have special-cased 25, of course), but I messed up. I've fixed my post since.

<comment><USER7> Just for reference, the laws are stated in full in haskell's docs, [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-220.127.116.11/docs/Data-...](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-220.127.116.11/docs/Data- Monoid.html).

<comment><USER5> I was deliberately "acting stupid" to criticize an insufficiently precise definition.

\---

> That is usually a terrible idea.

Not at all. Think about the structure of a proof of negation. You make a "silly" assumption and "play along" until you reach a contradiction.

<comment><USER7> That is usually a terrible idea.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> This entire post is so true.

As a personal (not so personal anecdote). Purescript[1] Book[2] claims "No prior knowledge of functional programming is required, but it certainly won't hurt. New ideas will be accompanied by practical examples, so you should be able to form an intuition for the concepts from functional programming that we will use."

And then it goes through a rather gentle introduction of various concepts. And then this is the first time ever that `map` is mentioned:

> Fortunately, the Prelude module provides a way to do this. The map operator > can be used to lift a function over an appropriate type constructor like > Maybe (we'll see more on this function, and others like it, later in the > book, when we talk about functors)

WTF.

"lifting over typeclasses wat". The whole concept of lifting isn't discussed until _six chapters later_.

[1] A Haskell-derived/Haskell-based language that compiles to Javascript, [http://www.purescript.org](http://www.purescript.org)

[2] [https://leanpub.com/purescript/read](https://leanpub.com/purescript/read)

</comment><comment><USER9> I like Haskell a lot, but it has one aspect that has only bothered me. A lot of incidental complexity is added due to the prevalence of custom functions/operators with arbitrary associativity and fixity, on top of normal precedence rules. Perhaps it is because I got spoiled by writing lisp (Clojure) where such concerns never exist in such a uniform language. But writing Haskell can lead you to make lines of code that don't always read in the order you'd expect. I was always having to lookup the fixity and associativity of things to know what was going on just in a single otherwise straightforward line of code.

<comment><USER10> Agreed. Though this is really a problem with text based editing (which obscures the tree structure), not Haskell.

<comment><USER11> I remember hearing this said about Lisp programming in the early 1980's. Specifically, there was a "tree-based" editor for InterLisp on the Xerox Lisp machines... I only ever met one person (hi Marty!) who even basically understood it.

I really hate the "we've never had one so we'll never have one" argument about anything, but I think in this case it may well be true, although the argument stems from the fact that a lot of people have tried to make "tree based" editors, but I've never heard of anyone making one that got any kind of traction.

Even the guy who could use the Xerox tree editor preferred emacs (on other machines).

<comment><USER10> The problem with tree editors has always been the lack of standardization, not any kind of conceptual or UI problem. Generally authors take one of two roots:

1) Provide a tree based editing UI layer on top of text files since text still rules. In my opinion this is almost like the worst of both worlds, though it can be successful. Paredit is probably the best example of this (and many lispers swear by it).

2) Create a Grand Integrated Vision of How to Fix Every Programming Problem Ever Created. This can make a nice demo, but of course never turns into a practical product any time soon.

Until we have a standardized tree or graph interchange format that is designed to satisfy the common denominator of the full range of languages, protocols, etc., as text does today, all structured editors will be fighting an uphill battle.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> Interesting title.

In my experience, Haskell is for Haskellers more than just a language. I have found that every Haskeller I talk to is, in the specified order:

      1. A Haskeller.
      2. A programmer.
      3. A human being.
      4. A person of a specific gender.

They really are "Haskell People". What's even more bizarre is that for some other languages this hierarchy seems to be reversed.

That being said I'm glad that the word "sucks" was finally removed from this article:

[https://wiki.haskell.org/The_JavaScript_Problem](https://wiki.haskell.org/The_JavaScript_Problem)

<comment><USER13> Thanks for the article link.

I love that "late binding" is listed as a flaw. Some would call that a feature. Those of us in the "some" must be wired a bit differently that the "early binding" crowd, I guess :-)

<comment><USER14> How can deferring checks of correctness to runtime be considered a feature? Haskell has an option to defer type errors to runtime, so I don't see why early binding wouldn't be preferable, since you can have it as you like.

My life quality has increased substantially since switching from Python to Haskell, and no longer getting runtime crashes saying "AttributeError: <x> has no attribute <y>".

<comment><USER15> "How can deferring checks of correctness to runtime be considered a feature?"

Correctness is not something that matters in the real world. Even defects don't really matter. What matters is problems that defects cause. It's a subtle difference, but very important one. Because you can either limit the scope of those problems at runtime or try to make sure that there are as few defects as possible to cause problems in the first place. First approach doesn't force you to specify anything to check correctness for, is flexible, productive, prepared for the real world. Second approach is much less flexible, much less productive, doesn't work well in the real world, where things fail not only because of defects, but by nature. So, this is how it can be considered a feature.

(While writing this I realized that Roboprog probably meant late binding as a feature from OOP, where it is considered necessary for OOP to even exist, not reliability.)

<comment><USER14> > Correctness is not something that matters in the real world. Even defects > don't really matter. What matters is problems that defects cause. It's a > subtle difference, but very important one.

What, exactly, do you consider the difference between these two?

To me, saying "correctness doesn't matter" is equivalent to saying "it doesn't matter whether your app does what you want it to do", which makes no sense to me.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment> aaron-lebo There's probably some truth to this. My mathy friends have a deep appreciation of Haskell. I always try to get into it for a few weeks, marvel at it, grok some new things, then inevitably end up in more "practical" languages (only because there are almost no domains, save parsers and compilers, where Haskell is obviously the "best" fit).

This may describe why: Haskell it built for the sake of itself, it's coherence, it's design. It is first and foremost designed to do things the Haskell way, which may be conceptually pure and "right" but aren't necessarily the most straightforward. In contrast, most other languages exist to solve a problem C++ (performance and control), PHP (a templating language for the web), Python (web, data science), JS (browser), etc. This being my understanding/paraphrasing of what the author is saying.

I think the answer is somewhere in the middle: the good parts of Haskell, selected for pragmatism (strict instead lazy like most languages), with an emphasis on being approachable to users. There's a lot of languages that are almost there. Elm gets the ease of use but strips too many features. OCaml is practical but has std lib split, multicore issues, and is kind of crufty. Go is arguably too simple, Rust is too low-level, Kotlin is almost there but the JVM can't replace languages that can produce straight binaries for the most part. Nim is very easy to write in a functional style and is maybe the most practical language I've ever used. It lacks the support, libraries, and mindshare of the others, though.

What kind of worries me is there is a strong incentive for languages to promulgate themselves into domains they aren't especially suited for, so it's more likely that one of these flawed languages will be Frankensteined into a domain it doesn't really belong and we'll be hacking around those disadvantages in a couple decades. Maybe the real answer is to take a step back and consider what is a middle ground that gets 90-95% of what anybody needs. I'm not convinced that something like Nim or a new language couldn't be 99%, with the 1% of the time being necessary to drop into domain specific languages. If one of the big corps put support and funding into the "right" language, it's not really a difficult job, but it is those damn incentives. How do you fix them?

<comment><USER16> Actually the same could be said about Python and the Python way, pythonic programs, etc.

<comment> aaron-lebo The thing about the Python way is it is dogmatic but it is also very practical: it's dogmatic about being practical. For loops and list comprehensions are more familiar or easily explainable to many programmers, so Guido kind of hid map/filter/reduce instead of leaning on them or having alternatives like other languages (Cloure or JS).

I've got friends who I'm not sure can read that are able to understand Python. Haskell isn't like that.

<comment><USER16> Haskell aims for simplicity. That is favoring the reader/maintainer of code over the writer. It's a different trade off that is not obviously worse.

<comment><USER17> Two of the core tennents of Python is: simple is better than complex and code is read much more often than it is written.

<comment><USER10> It amazes me that someone could write down that principle and then design an untyped programming language.

<comment><USER13> Dynamic types can be more problematic to modify, but many of us find them easier to read: assume that the code actually worked and does something reasonable, now skim for the gist of it (without having to see a bunch of extra detail).

Assembler is untyped (just bytes and words). I'm not big into Python, but I'm pretty sure it has types, but they are late/runtime bound.

Dynamic types are probably not a good choice for an army of idiots, but if dynamic types were so completely unworkable, you would think that they would disappear, eh?

That said, I'd rather see avionics written in Ada than Python, but not every problem needs that level of scrutiny and pain.

<comment><USER18> > assume that the code actually worked and does something reasonable

That's almost never the case if you're in a situation where you're reading code

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER19> The podcast that she links too is really interesting [1]. Talking about what its like to learn Haskell as a first language. Really interesting for me because I'm getting into Elm, and their approach is to use really concrete ideas and names instead of Monads and such. She even mentions that Elm is a good way to start approaching Haskell concepts (around 13 minutes).

[1] [https://twitter.com/thefrontside/status/912327851386470400](https://twitter.com/thefrontside/status/912327851386470400)

</comment><comment><USER20> The experiment to bring "Haskell people" into the world of VR has so far gone well ([https://github.com/SimulaVR/Simula](https://github.com/SimulaVR/Simula)), but I have sometimes wondered if Haskell is too off-putting of a language to bring traditional graphics programmers into this project.

</comment><comment><USER21> The content of the article makes it abundantly clear the author isn't talking about "understand thing," but rather specifically "understand Haskell." These aren't identical.

<comment><USER22> I didn't take it as that. I think his argument translates to other functional languages to some degree. I was working on a Scala project where the lead developer exhibited the exact behavior the author describes. Scala is a bit more "useful" than Haskell because it borrows from Java, and it's not too much of a leap to write something you can use. Opening a file in Scala and processing it is much less of an understanding task than it is in Haskell.

The "understand first, then use" aspect of many functional languages is what kills systems in the crib when you're trying to build something that provides business value.

<comment><USER21> > The "understand first, then use" aspect of many functional languages is what > kills systems in the crib when you're trying to build something that > provides business value.

This notion that one must "understand first, then use" is limited strictly to the particulars of the language. It's equally true of other languages: one must understand at some level how the language works to build anything with it.

It also isn't clear how having to understand Haskell and having to "understand thing" are the same thing, as the author asserts.

An uncharitable reading of the article is that it's a sophomoric insult to people who don't use Haskell, as it apparently dismisses them all as people who don't care to understand things but only to more or less mindlessly and practically randomly build stuff. I surely hope that wasn't the intent.</comment></comment></comment>


A bad design is a good reminder - <AUTHOR> http://37signals.com/svn/posts/2719-a-bad-design-is-a-good-reminder <comment><USER2> Update... The architect just called and explained what happened. It appears the custom kickplate at the bottom is covering up the light that reflects off the floor when the machine is on. It was supposed to have been notched out, but that detail was missed by the millworker. No problem – it'll all be taken care of.

<comment><USER3> I still feel as if a small red dot on the floor isn't enough warning that "this door will get you wet". Especially for guests. It should lock or do a better job turning off quickly as it is opened.

<comment><USER4> It's definitely not a small dot: <http://imgur.com/iMd4x>. That is large and bright enough to be noticeable, and anyone should be able to tell that that means "ON".

<comment><USER5> It would be instructive to see an actual image, rather than an illustration.

<comment><USER4> Ask JF.

<comment><USER5> Maybe he can give us a follow-up after his gets fixed? =)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> Every time I read something like this I think about Donald Norman's "The Design of Everyday Things", although it was first published in the 80s, we have yet to fully learn its lessons.

<comment><USER7> Every time I pull on a door handle when I should be pushing, I think of that book. Fantastic read.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> Better design: if I open my dishwasher while it's running, the interior action immediately stops and water has never splashed out.

<comment><USER9> I have a silent dishwasher that I sometimes mistakenly open and this is how it responds. Everything cuts off immediately.

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> This hits home for me since I just finished reading The Design of Everyday Things. The two improvements that Jason suggests can be traced back to some core design principles that Donald Norman lays out in his book:

1\. An indicator to inform the user of the object's current state. Based on the comments in the original post, it seems that the dishwasher actually does have an indicator light but for some reason it was accidentally covered up.

2\. A forcing function, which is meant to constrain user actions in order to prevent error and/or guide the user toward the intended behavior.

</comment><comment><USER11> The integrated dishwasher I installed in my previous apartment had a red light shining down on the floor when it was on. The only bad part was that it didn't turn into a green light when it was done. Otherwise, pretty much perfect.

<comment><USER12> First thing that come to my mind after reading that blog post. I guess that kind of light is pretty standard for dishwashers.

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> this remind me of a glass door we had. Glass was so clean, and there was no handle, people often used to hit either on the wrong side, or worse used to think there is no door and hit into the glass as they walk.

<comment><USER14> There is a map in Nagoya station in an alcove. The map is a work of art, so they put a glass pane across the alcove. Unfortunately, this compromises the art's utility as a map, and many travelers (particularly foreigners) don't realize that it is ten feet from the information desk that has real maps. This led to a lot of people leaning into the alcove to see the detail on the map, causing lots of head banging on the glass.

They eventually fixed this by a ranging for an artistic arrangement of dots on the glass, which appear suspended in air over the alcove and clue people in that there is glass. The new problem? People try to touch the dots, so the glass is now smudgy for most of the day, which predictably drives the janitors nuts.

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> When did a blank wall of brushed aluminum cabinets become accepted as aesthetically pleasing outside of banker's penthouses in Manhattan? What are you planning on doing, killing a hooker in there?

<comment><USER16> Minimalist design: I'm a fan.

<comment><USER15> Up next, on our tour of faaaaaaabulous homes, we have the Army's biowarfare lab at Fort Detrick...

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER17> That's not good design, that's just the esthetics.

It's easy to make a steel plate with a handle, but design should incorporate usability (notification LED, for example) and safety (locking mechanism). Without those it's just pretty bad design.

<comment><USER18> The article says it is bad design. You have just repeated what the article said. Furthermore, I don't think good aesthetics is easy at all.

</comment></comment><comment><USER19> Definitely a good reminder to not buy a dishwasher that look s identical to the cabinet next to it, yes.

</comment><comment><USER20> Okay, if you purchase and keep around a machine that sprays you with hot soapy water... you are a design snob. Or, more likely, you're just using something as an extended metaphor. Can you REALLY not know when it's on? Or is it just for the purposes of this article. They love to take literary liberties at 37Signals. I can imagine it happening a few times, but it's likely there is some indication that it's on and a slight bit of attention paid to that keeps you from making the same mistake.

<comment><USER21> Just leaving your hand on the handle for another 2 seconds would probably feel warm or a very slight vibration.

I'm having a guilty-pleasure chuckle right now because the "kings" of UI are getting sloshed with soapy water because of a bad design decision :)

<comment><USER22> I'm with the both of you. It might be an unfortunately uninformative design, that doesn't mean you have to rely 100% on design to accept a little bit of responsible attention to detail and feel the door and check for movement inside to tell you the thing is still running.

<comment><USER23> Their criticism stems more from the "don't make me think" philosophy. If you're quickly fetching something from the kitchen, it's totally understandable if your mind is elsewhere. It's not so much that it's _impossible_ to know if it's on, it's that it could be much, much more obvious.

This is analogous to a row of unlabeled buttons that only show their meaning on hover. Sure, if the user stopped for a moment and surveyed the scene, it would be possible to know what everything does. But to what end? There are no benefits and the cost is high: you interrupt the user's train of thought. More on that:

[http://www.azarask.in/blog/post/help-your-train-of- thought-i...](http://www.azarask.in/blog/post/help-your-train-of-thought-is- sacred/)</comment></comment></comment></comment>


Watch the whole Cosmos series on Hulu - <AUTHOR> http://www.hulu.com/cosmos

<comment><USER2> I watched this as a child and still remember his example for the 3d apple interacting with the 2d world! I have recently tried to rent this in the uk from lovefilm but it is unavailable. So I was very happy to find it here only to be disappointed that it is unavailable to me in the uk.

On a purely theoretical basis how might I go about viewing this?</comment>


AMA with COO of Stack Exchange - <AUTHOR> https://plus.google.com/events/c8nurjg4aqpihup1bqhhl67mjjk <comment><USER2> Maybe add a (video) tag? I am not in a position to watch videos at this time; others might appreciate it as well.</comment>


Seven Pillars of Causal Reasoning with Reflections on Machine Learning [pdf] - <AUTHOR> http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r481.pdf <comment><USER2> Pearl's paper is a solid generalization on logical reasoning and intelligence, but we have to be wary that even us, humans, aren't perfect at generalization and regularization. Without going too meta, we have to contemplate whether logical reasoning causes human level intelligence or it's a mere effect of a complex statistical phenomenon. It may be the case that a human-level AI system will contain all seven pillars of causal reason, but it does not mean that these reasoning were specifically programmed into the AI.

A similar example of this human over-regularization can be found speech technology, linguists have generalized 50~60 phonemes in English speech, though in real life speech, there are magnitudes more phonemes in play, if we force our speech recognition systems to classify speech into 60 phonemes, we miss out on important details. This is why end to end systems such as WaveNet is so much better than older systems, because when we ditch our over- regularized concept, it can learn more freely.

<comment><USER3> > we have to contemplate whether logical reasoning causes human level > intelligence

Human level _logical_ reasoning has not existed for long time and can't be the cause of human level intelligence because it is very little used in practice. Natural logic has existed little over 2000 years among subset of intellectuals as a method for reasoning.

Natural reasoning is one of the causes of human level intelligence It's basically just a bag of heuristic rules used in qualitative, action-change and taxonomical reasoning. There is no evidence that deduction has significant role in commonsense reasoning.

<comment><USER4> > There is no evidence that deduction has significant role in commonsense > reasoning.

As a matter of fact the first logical system heavily used induction, not the duction, to extend regularity over unknown topics instead of exploring the unknowns systematically and deriving the regularities out of the experiments.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I'm surprised Pearl doesn't mention reinforcement learning once in this essay. This domain is where Pearl-style causal reasoning frameworks most closely meets data-driven statistical machine learning methods. Methods such have Dyna (link below) can be seen as reinforcement learning with some degree of "reasoning" about future consequences of actions. I suspect that there is more work to be done in embedding causal methods into planning, though it's pretty clear that a lot of progress is being made in domains such as Atari.

Dyna: [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/jair/pub/volume4/kaelb...](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/jair/pub/volume4/kaelbling96a-html/node29.html)

<comment><USER6> You may be interested in this talk from one of his collaborators (I've not watched it):

[https://vimeo.com/238266313](https://vimeo.com/238266313)

<comment><USER7> Thanks for this.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> My intuition is that a "program induction" approach has the potential make causal learning possible (without having to predefine the causal graph as I believe Pearl requires in his techniques). Here is a description of my failed attempt:

[https://www.quora.com/What-deep-learning-ideas-have-you- trie...](https://www.quora.com/What-deep-learning-ideas-have-you-tried-that- didnt-work/answer/Benoit-Essiambre)

<comment><USER9> Wow, how the field advances in but a year!

You should take a look at Pyro, and maybe try out implementing some form of variational guide for an adaptor-grammar model of programs. There are papers already claiming to have done it, just not for program induction.

I have a few ideas and intuitions to add to yours, so email me via my profile if you want to collaborate.

<comment><USER8> I wasn't aware of Pyro. Thanks for the reference. I might be interested in collaboration one day, however I would be a terrible collaborator right now as I can only find sporadic short slices of time to put in these sorts of projects. It's rare people show interest in my work so I'll keep you in mind if ever I stumble upon something interesting enough to be worth spending collective efforts on.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> What kind of reasoning allowed Kepler/Newton/Einstein to derive the laws of gravitation? Was it causal reasoning? Logical reasoning? Does Kepler's reasoning belong to the same "category" as Newton's? Einstein's? Not sure this question can even be formalized. Godel theorem seems to show it can't.</comment>


Study Links Uber and Lyft to Increase in U.S. Traffic Deaths - <AUTHOR> http://www.thedrive.com/tech/24493/study-links-uber-and-lyft-to-increase-in-u-s-traffic-deaths <comment><USER2> There's an interesting link to an analysis an (unaffiliated?) economist that suggests the study's methodology is flawed, in that it doesn't properly account for the simultaneous drop in gasoline prices (known to increase driving and therefore traffic deaths) as well as being unable to explain rises in death rates in both urban and rural areas (because Uber/Lyft are primarily urban)

[http://cityobservatory.org/unsafe-uber-lethal-lyft-were- skep...](http://cityobservatory.org/unsafe-uber-lethal-lyft-were-skeptical/)

<comment><USER3> Every time you see a claim like "study links X to Y" or "X is correlated with Y", you should _always always always_ remember that there are three possibilities: X causes Y, Y causes X, or some third factor Z causes both X and Y. I can't understate the importance of thinking this way and not jumping to unwarranted conclusions. You should also exercise your imagination by trying to imagine _why_ each of these three possibilities might hold.

Edit: There's also the possibility of spurious correlations, as mentioned in the comments below.

<comment><USER4> I try to make this healthy skepticism / criticism a bit more succinct for laymen by linking to spurious correlations [http://tylervigen.com/spurious- correlations](http://tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations)

<comment><USER5> I see a lot of evidence that "thinking right" is astoundingly hard.

But I don't see very many statements from real humans of any field, background, or level of intelligence/education that acknowledge the enormity of the challenge.

I'm not sure it's "possible", but I think we're profoundly suffering for the lack of an open-ended, recursive knowledge-production process more efficient than what we've left up to the emergent behavior of a chaotic system.

<comment><USER6> The Scientific Method can't be something we just learn and file away. Method means it is being applied, we constantly need to practice and study in its application. It is a way of being, not a fact.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> In my state, the phenomenon of attempting to drive while looking at and manipulating one's phone is absolutely _epidemic_. When a light turns green, the cars in front often don't move and the cars behind them often don't honk because they're engaged with their smartphones too. It's particularly disturbing when you're on a 50mph road with one lane in each direction and you pass a car by a few feet going the other way at a closing speed of 100mph and all you see is the other driver's eyelids and the top of their head.

The article mentions a 3% increase in deaths since 2011 despite cars getting safer, but 2011 correlates to the start of the total ubiquity of the smartphone as well.

On the other hand, I've had some very sketchy Uber/Lyft rides involving extremely late lane changes, almost missing turns/offramps and trying to dive in at the last second. The combination of often younger people who might end up driving for Uber/Lyft, often driving unfamiliar routes, relying on the instructions provided by a phone attached four feet away, while engaged in a conversation with passengers, is probably generally not as safe as you driving yourself along a familiar route.

But it would be quite a feat of analysis if anybody were able to disentangle the effect of Uber/Lyft from other changes since 2011.

<comment><USER6> Uber and Lyft also siphon off ridership from mass transit where the fatalities are way lower.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> I've had a lot of conversations with drivers that make me cringe. I've had a few tell me about how they've been away from home driving for 24-48 hours, sleeping in the car for a few hours at a time here and there. This article doesn't seem to mention this as a factor but I wouldn't be surprised if Uber/Lyft driver fatigue explains part of this study's findings.

My understanding is that the taxi medallion system originally came to be because there was too much competition in the taxi business, leading to corners being cut (e.g. maintenance) and overcrowding by taxis in certain places. Maybe we're learning this lesson again? This level of competition has brought a lot of convenience and comfort improvements over taxis. But from a big picture point of view, I'm not sure that this level of competition is a good thing. I almost wish Uber/Lyft were more expensive (and that money went to drivers). I'd use them less, but I'd be happier about using it when I did.

<comment><USER9> > almost wish Uber/Lyft were more expensive (and that money went to drivers). > I'd use them less, but I'd be happier about using it when I did.

You can do this already using the tips on both platforms, which go entirely to the driver. Unless your wish is that it were more expensive on a macro level.

<comment><USER10> Tips are an after the fact, unilateral, non negotiated contract. The only function they provide is a power trip. They should be discouraged. Industry where it has been traditional to tips take the freedom to cut nominal pay, and let customers on a power trip decide for the worker salary. They should not exist in the 21st century.

<comment><USER11> Maybe that's so, and I support a worker's right to earn a living wage as much as the next guy, but getting back to the states after being in Europe for three months I'm seriously impressed by how much more attentative to my needs servers are here.

And you know what? It's really nice.

The only difference seems to be the tipping culture.

<comment><USER10> But that's true for non-tip workers too. Service is a bigger thing in the US than it is in Europe. It's a cultural thing. Tips doesn't change that.

<comment><USER12> as a european who visited the US a while ago, the "fake happiness" as i called it was very offputting to me.

Like, people working dead-end service jobs act way to happy even when they have no reason to be happy. it seems so forced and fake that it actually gives me an unpleasant feeling.

I see little need why a cashier who makes minimum wage should always smile, they are people too and can have a shitty day too?

<comment><USER13> The insincerity of servers in US restaurants is shocking as an outsider when you first experience it!

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> This can't be a surprise to anyone. I frequently have a driver who is obviously different than the one pictured in the app. Some of the drivers I get have been in the country for a matter of weeks or even days, leaving me to wonder how Lyft or Uber verified their ability to drive to sufficient standards—I'm guessing they do virtually nothing beyond confirming the name matches a valid driver's license.

Talk about an industry that needs regulation!

<comment><USER15> > _I frequently have a driver who is obviously different than the one pictured > in the app._

Do you continue the ride? Do you inform the company?

> _Talk about an industry that needs regulation!_

I infer that you use Uber/Lyft/etc despite your concerns. Why not instead vote with your wallet, and use one of those nice, government-regulated taxicabs?

<comment><USER14> I don't know what my personal actions have to do with what I've observed—smells like ad hominem.

<comment><USER16> It sounds like you are an atypical user or distorting facts. No one I know (including ppl who have driven for these services) has ever experienced any of the problems you describe. I live in large metropolitan areas in the west coast.

<comment><USER14> I'm not sure why your single data point would affect mine.

<comment><USER17> well, you effectively said, "I don't know how this can be a surprise to anyone based on my single data point".

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> I no longer use Uber or Lyft because I've had more rides with drivers who I would consider to be a "dangerous driver" than those I consider safe.

Many times the driver is in too big a rush to get their next fare, and they drive erratically and over the speed limit whilst using their phone. I even had a driver whose breath smelt like he'd been drinking. I just don't feel safe, and I don't think these companies regulate or check how safe their drivers are driving. I wonder whether there could be something in their driver app that monitors the speed or safety of the driver when they have a passenger in the car. I know that some insurance companies have apps like these.

<comment><USER19> I've not ever used Uber (Lyft isn't in my country I don't think) but I have noticed a surprisingly high number of really bad drivers with Uber stickers on their cars... I feel like the general standard of driving seems to have seriously decreased since I started seeing the stickers a year or so ago (before that Uber was technically illegal, so while it did operate, drivers didn't advertise so much).

</comment></comment><comment><USER20> Add to this Uber Eats and Deliveroo. Here in London they are very popular, and most drivers use mopeds, which require very little training to get a license. I regularly see them driving through red lights, speeding, driving dangerously in general, and parking where they shouldn't.

<comment><USER21> In China, approximately 100% of food delivery folks use electric mopeds, which (at least in Beijing) don't require a licence and don't require registration (although the latter is due to change soon).

They don't generally speed, and their adherence to other traffic rules, courteous parking etc. are indistinguishable from other vehicle users.

<comment><USER22> That is China in specific, which is not representative of the larger world in general, where people on mopeds for these apps are generally significantly less adherent to traffic laws.

<comment><USER21> It may not be representative of the US, UK and Western Europe. But I'd be surprised if China is unique.

Anyone here from Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand or India? Do food delivery riders ride less cautiously/courteously than the general 2-wheeled population?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> Uber and Lyft definitely put more shitty drivers out on the road constantly cruising looking to pickup or drop off their riders in most not suitable places with 0 regards to traffic, especially in NYC and suburbs. Uber and Lyft pays so little that most of their drivers are definitely not qualified to drive professionally but are doing it because they can't get any other job. I forgot to mention that these drivers work for multiple ride-sharing companies (at least 2 but sometimes up to 4 in NYC) and have multiple smartphones docked to their dashboard constantly distracting them.

<comment><USER24> So is it the fault of Uber and Lift that the gig economy has become a thing?

I have a friend who fled Assad's genocide in Syria, has an accounting degree, and is currently looking for a job. Guess what he's doing in the meantime...

<comment><USER23> oh he fled Assad, that makes it okay for him to offer professional driver services in a country where he just arrived with 0 assessment of his driving skills. and in the meantime if he ends up causing an accident or two by putting everyone's life in danger its okay because, remember, he fled Assad.

<comment><USER24> Who said he just arrived? Assad has been murdering people for almost 8 years.

A driver's license may not be a good indicator of driving skills, but it's more than "0 assessment".

<comment><USER25> Just what was the point of giving his backstory?

<comment><USER24> Because he could have had a real job right now in Syria. I'm guessing most people with accounting degrees would rather work as accountants than Uber drivers.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> I would like to know how they eliminated confounding. Was there an increase in other risky behaviors at the same time, like texting while driving? How many of the deaths caused by accidents involved Uber or Lyft drivers? Maybe it's click-baity.

</comment><comment><USER27> Interesting how the Lyft spokesperson doesnt directly address the study's claims.

Instead they make other, unrelated claims about drunk driving safety increases.

</comment><comment><USER28> VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled

The article makes extensive use of this acronym without defining it.

</comment><comment><USER29> Anecdotally, as a cyclist, it sure feels like Uber drivers are trying to kill me!

</comment><comment><USER30> Shouldn't it be easy to see how many fatal accidents there were during rides? Isn't there some kind of tracking of this by Lyft and Uber?

<comment><USER31> They almost certainly track accident data for internal use, but I can't imagine they'd ever want to share it.

</comment></comment><comment><USER32> There's also been an increase in smart phone use during the same period. I cringe at the number of drivers I see that are fully engaged in their phones while driving. It's too bad that distracted driving has virtually cancelled out any gains in safety that modern technology has provided (auto breaking, blind spot assist, etc,) during the same time period.

</comment><comment><USER33> Unsurprising as we know that Lyft and Uber increase the amount of cars on the road, and cars are dangerous and drivers kill people all the time.

We've known this for a century and yet we still do nothing about it.

The only way to make our cities safer is to reduce the amount of cars on the road by limiting road expansion and creating transportation alternatives to the car.

</comment><comment><USER34> I wonder how many ridesharing deaths are related passengers not wearing seatbelts. I certainly didn't wear seatbelts when I first got in Lyft and Uber rides. I think was that because I never got into the habit of wearing seatbelts in taxis for some reason.

</comment><comment><USER35> The world is a big complicated place and it seems to me very hard to lay a small shift in that metric on a specific companies doorstep. It's one of those extrordinary claims / extrordinary proof things, and as such I find it unproven.

</comment><comment><USER36> When I'm crossing a street and a car flies through the intersection nearly hitting me, it's usually an Uber driver. Were taxi drivers so desperate to speed through cities and reach their next fare as quickly as possible?

<comment><USER37> Yes, Taxi drivers were much worse about this. This is a gross generalization but based on my experience Taxi drivers drive much more aggressively and have more disregard for traffic laws, but are also generally more skilled.</comment></comment>


Did Unity just prohibit all cloud-hosted multiplayer games? - <AUTHOR> https://twitter.com/timsweeneyepic/status/1083407460252217346 <comment><USER2> I'm not sure I understand what is going on. It appears that major companies were taking pieces of the unity editor and incorporating them into their own server logic. Most commercial software licenses say you cannot disassemble or arbitrarily reincorporate parts of the software as you see fit. But is that what was happening here?</comment>


Why OpenBazaar Token Doesn't Exist - <AUTHOR> https://blog.openbazaar.org/why-openbazaar-token-doesnt-exist/ <comment><USER2> > it would also change the composition of the community from people who agree > with our core ideals to a group of people who want to see a return on their > investment.

Yes, it would. Good read, I like the overall reasoning. I can think of some use cases where an OB token could make sense but I would like to learn more about OB first.

</comment><comment><USER3> -> [http://doyouneedablockchain.com](http://doyouneedablockchain.com)

<comment><USER4> That link is a slide-show flowchart based on a linked paper: [https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/375.pdf](https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/375.pdf)

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> I don't quite understand the value of any tokens. Can someone sell the idea to me?

<comment><USER6> As I understand it, they're a new way of raising money (as Fred Wilson put it, "disrupting Silicon Valley").

Normally, you sell of portions of your company to investors in exchange for funding. You get money to run your business, and they get a stake that could be worth 10x in a few years time if you get acquired or go public.

With an ICO, you can't really sell off portions of your company, because you'll run afoul of securities laws (I'm speaking of the U.S. here). So what do you sell? Typically, companies sell tokens that will be users' way of interacting with their future product. So if you're a decentralized file storage company, the ICO token is what users will eventually use to buy storage.

What's exciting for some is that coin offerings provide a way to fund interesting and meaningful companies even if they are outside of the "venture capital loop". In some ways, ICOs are more democratic and egalitarian than any funding system currently available.

Mind you, I don't think ICOs provide any new value whatsoever, and I don't really see the point, but you asked for an explanation and there it is.

<comment><USER7> They're basically presales, if things work out as they hope. If not, they're worthless.

<comment><USER8> It's worse than a presale, because there is no legal obligation for the company at all.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


Schneier on Security: Ghostery - <AUTHOR> http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2012/06/ghostery.html <comment><USER2> It's available on Chrome too, i've been using it for a month or so.</comment>


State employees authorized courthouse 'penetration,' records show - <AUTHOR> https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2019/09/18/iowa-courts-dallas-county-courthouse-coalfire-contract-judicial-branch-test-security-ia-crime-arrest/2356047001/ <comment><USER2> This seems silly. The state clearly authorized the operation. The contractor acted in good faith. Yes some mistakes may have been made on both sides but it serves no one to prosecute these guys and label them burglars.

<comment><USER3> yes your correct

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> >"I advised them that this building belonged to the taxpayers of Dallas County and the State had no authority to authorize a break-in of this building," Leonard wrote in the email.

I was wondering about that. If it is the county courthouse I'm not sure a state employee necessarily can authorize something like a break in.

<comment><USER5> If the courthouse "belonged to the taxpayers of Dallas County", who could authorize the break in? This was a really confusing/nuanced piece of the story and I'm not sure what's correct on it.

<comment><USER6> It read it as him asserting his jurisdiction over the county, and this whole case seems to boil down to an implied conflict between the county and the state over that jurisdiction. I'm not a lawyer, but it doesn't look like there's a very strong mens rea component to this accusation. I imagine they'd have to prove that the accused acted negligently, supposing it is in fact true that the state didn't have the authority to authorise the test. But then who else is also culpable? Coalfire? The state of Iowa? The particular state official involved in this engagement?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> Document links 404, this article has working links: [https://www.weareiowa.com/news/local-news/state-court- admini...](https://www.weareiowa.com/news/local-news/state-court- administration-private-security-firm-had-different-interpretations-of- contract-leading-to-courthouse-break-ins/)

I guess it's going to trial, unless the prosecutors drop the case. The waiting continues.

</comment><comment><USER8> ..

PenTesters for the state/government cybersecurity require a special designation #red_team that allows for incursion and flag dropping; 'tracepoints' \-- public disclosure. There are a lot of steps and often it involves writing out a clear mission scope/goals to avoid this type of circumstance.

This includes progress reports to their organizational handler announcing the intentions/progress .. progressive research. Introductions by state employees, informing the law enforcement.

OFTEN ..

I find myself informing the officials & administrators during normal business hours, etc. "people who may be affected" that could be conducting an exercise that involves your building in [timeframe] you have until then to prepare; readiness drills etc. bring it.

Afaik getting caught is part of the fun (how far can I get before you catch me?) but there's always a point of no return where it's not fair; never typing the rm -Rf or "encrypt *" commands but you never actually do if you're a good person; I know I had a lot of interesting "oops" moments in my early career where I accidentally embarrassed somebody and made an enemy.

IT Departments are run by normal people who have limited budgets and time; and I like to point out that a failure usually means a better budget justification to fix it; and assurance that anything we break we'll fix; but how confident are they in their backups and how easily I can get to them.

So fuck that cowboy pen testing bullshit, a great hacker will only use that as a last resort and then EVERYBODY should know it's happening so there is less risk. This is why "this is a test" is played during military exercises; because it's about the readiness drill. I will take your system down; with or without you -- do you want to watch?

I've had new guys on teams suggest cutting primary wires; to trigger failures i.e. "video camera feeds" etc to demonstrate coverage lapses in physical security. if they did any property damage; they are liable for that.

If the building administrators decline the #red_team audit; then we submit that back into the report and put them on our "naughty list"; which means well try 2x harder to embarrass that particular person; shame on them.... it needs to be clear that a failure does not necessarily reflect badly on them in our report; unless they were blocking the audit; that is bad. that's all you can do; they don't want to engage -- forward it to the foreign upper bureaus who don't need to follow the same disclosure rules as a good place to train recruits.

As a hacker; pen-tester #red_team I make it clear that's exactly what I'm going to do if they don't personally cooperate; usually they'd rather be helpful than risk pissing me off and being the subject of my wrath - we work together to fix it. It's a bit heavy handed; .. 2020 election security is going to suck donkey balls btw.

/ #red_team

<comment><USER9> > If the building administrators decline the #red_team audit; then we submit > that back into the report and put them on our "naughty list"; which means > well try 2x harder to embarrass that particular person

You sound quite unprofessional :/

<comment><USER8> is there a better technique? please share. independent cyber-merc "white hat; with blood stains"

my best approach -- marking people "declined to participate" and naughty list; or for shaming them for not participating in the drill?

?? as i see it; i'm a good guy by paying them a courtesy by informing them of the intentions; working with them; they are the unprofessional ones. perhaps this is my low EQ; and it's why I have assistants.

I have no patience for bureaucrats (i.e. election officials) telling me their system is secure while I know damn well they aren't .. usually I suspect corruption/secrets they would rather not be public ... and the funny thing is ... most of the time I'm right and they turn out to be real pieces of shit that I just happened to get caught on my boot.

Too many of our systems relying on closed source software vendors hiding behind the law pretending (i'm looking at you Oracle) .. ignoring that 90% of North Koreas income comes from hacking; cyber-terrorism cyber-ransom funding radical terrorism scares me.

the small terrorists cells usually don't have a hypermind *(180+ IQ); but nation state [even small ones] probably have at least one or two on the payroll.

iran is a good example of this; we've been talking about these types of attacks "in theory" for years; literally 10 years -- more importantly; due to the success how long before this type of guerilla warfare expands to schools in the USA.

<comment><USER10>
      is there a better technique? please share.

Get hired by someone who has the authority to instruct building services to cooperate.

If the person hiring you doesn't have the authority to do that, they _certainly_ don't have the authority to get your guys out of jail.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


Snake Robot Walks by Turning Its Head and Tail into Legs - <AUTHOR> http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-hardware/snake-robot-walks-by-turning-its-head-and-tail-into-legs#.VC2xI4YA7NQ.hackernews <comment><USER2> Looks like a nice attempt. Howie Choset (CMU) and Hirose (Tokyo Tech) groups did some excellent work on high end snake gaits though. Take a peek ... buttery smooth! :) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8j0jNxMeSQ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8j0jNxMeSQ)</comment>


Neural Network Visualisation in Clojure - c-oreills http://clojurefun.wordpress.com/2013/04/10/neural-network-visualisation/

<comment><AUTHOR> Cool, with caveats. Although this is interesting for people who know how neural network structures are built and generally how backpropagation and its successor training algorithms work, it isn't particularly _informative_ as a visualization. It does show how easy it is to encode information visually, compared with how difficult it can be for the viewer to _decode_ that same information. This is a common problem with "information", as opposed to "scientific data" (such as volumetric scan data or vector maps) visualizations, where there's no obvious physical correlative that we can use to help us decode the information as viewers.

<comment><USER2> This is a distinction worth making (informative visualizations vs...well, other ones), but there is a corner case for whom this is a very helpful viz--- the newbie playing around with NN's who could use a visual aid beyond clojure's pprint. As a member of said corner case, this would be very helpful to me. All the same, thank you for reminding me of the filter all new viz projects must pass---"does this communicate meaning?"

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> I have a question for the author, but please do not interpret this as the typical HackerNews-esque pessimistic attack, as it is a sincere question.

Do you really feel like visualizing Neural Networks helps to understand them better? I have yet to find one that has helped me understand it any better than a textual explanation or pseudo-code of the algorithm.

<comment><USER4> I'm the author. Yes I find it useful in various ways.

If the learning rate is too high, you can visibly see see weights flicker between different colours. In simple nets you can use it to identify the "meaning" of feature detectors by observing positive and negative links (green and red). You can debug learning algorithms by immediately seeing if something unusual is happening to the weights or activations.

As always caveats apply, but it is a useful technique (when used alongside a variety of other tools).

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> I think it's a useful visualization, but I prefer matrix plots to observe the weights. You can see the weights start differentiating themselves as training proceeds, and you'll notice that some layers tend to learn a lot faster than others. The unit activations (neuron outputs) are similarly useful to visualize.

Example of weights on matrix plot: <http://imgur.com/T48Wal1>

</comment><comment><USER6> I wrote a commercial NN simulator in the late 1980s and I used a different approach to visualizing weights (that many others also use): if two connected layers are viewed a a 1-dimensional vector, then the connection weights are represented by a 2-dimensional grid. Each weight grid cell is color coded. This is a much more information rich display.

</comment><comment><USER7> What is the color scale for the connection weight strength?

<comment> c-oreills From github:

(defn weight-colour ([^double weight] (Color. (clamp-colour-value (Math/tanh (- weight))) (clamp-colour-value (Math/tanh weight)) 0.0)))

So when weight is 0, it's black. As the weight gets more positive, the colour gets greener, and as the weight gets more negative, the colour gets redder. clamp-colour-value makes sure the colour component doesn't go outside the interval (0,1)

tanh curve shown here: [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Sinh_cosh...](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Sinh_cosh_tanh.sv)

<comment><USER8> I'm getting a 404 on that URL, I think you forgot the g in .svg :P

<comment> c-oreills Ah, yes. >_<

[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Sinh_cosh...](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Sinh_cosh_tanh.svg)</comment></comment></comment></comment>


The Official Rules of Dev Mini-Hoop Basketball - <AUTHOR> https://linearb.io/blog/the-official-rules-of-dev-mini-hoop-basketball/ <comment><AUTHOR> I wonder how often they break something in their kitchen . . .

<comment><USER2> It looks a little high up there. I would not get anywhere near that window.

</comment></comment><comment><USER2> I love it! Our team normally just yells at each other :-)

</comment><comment><USER3> Loser gets the weekend pager duty shift

<comment><USER2> Haha. That's worse than loser leaves town.</comment></comment>


Tell HN: Unhappy with Australia's encryption legislation? Have your say - <AUTHOR> If you are angry about the encryption legislation then you must make a submission here.
https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6195
Making a submission is the tangible action you can actually take instead of just raging online.
Write a submission - it is easier than it sounds - just say what you think and submit it. <comment><USER2> I can't see a way to make a submission on that page.

But, in the "Notes" section, it appears that the bill has been referred to the Joint Intelligence and Security committee for a review of possible amendments, with a report due 3rd April 2019.

I can't find a page specifically seeking comments for that review, but the previous solicitation (closed in October 2018) has their committee's contact details:

[https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joi...](https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Intelligence_and_Security/TelcoAmendmentBill2018)</comment>


Dick's Sporting Goods Bringing It's Software Development In-House - <AUTHOR> https://www.forbes.com/sites/retailwire/2019/04/04/dicks-sporting-goods-foolish-software-development-move/ <comment><USER2> An interesting move, to be sure, but I can't help but wonder if other shops of their size could also benefit. Many large retailers already do this, don't they?</comment>