text:
The outcome will prove whether Dr John Havard, former chief executive of the British Medical Association, did father Diana Northcott's child David, now 39.
Her claim is at the centre of a bitter family wrangle involving a £300,000 trust fund, the two sons of well-heeled Mrs Northcott and the identities of their respective fathers.
The case, to determine whether David is a legitimate beneficiary of a family trust frund, was halted after Dr Havard, 83, performed a U-turn by saying he would take a DNA test, which he had repeatedly refused to do in the past.
He has denied ever having a relationship with the 79-year-old widow, branding her a fantasist and refuting her claim they had been childhood friends.
From his £1million Georgian townhouse, he said: "I offered to take a DNA test if that is what the court wants.
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"I have had a long time to think about it and said to David I would do it. It is his decision.
"I am technically nothing to do with this. I haven't got any skeletons in my closet and I know that I am not David's father."
Mr Justice Blackburne agreed to adjourn the paternity hearing at the High Court in London after the disclosure.
David's lawyer, Richard Buswell, said of Dr Havard: "He is an honourable man - he is a professional, a barrister as well as a doctor, and he intends to fulfil his obligations."
Mrs Northcott told the court earlier this week that Cambridge-educated Dr Havard agreed to help her conceive the second baby she was so desperate to have, allegedly saying: "How could one refuse?"
At the time Mrs Northcott was still married to her second husband John, with whom she already had a child, Adrian.
She claimed her husband - whom she married after having an affair with his brother - had taunted her about her father's suicide and refused to have another child with her in case it turned out to be 'mad'.
So, she said, she turned to Dr Havard, after meeting him in 1966 at his club, the Oxford and Cambridge in London's Pall Mall.
Mrs Northcott said the affair continued after David's birth, although her husband, a manufacturing boss, believed the baby to be his own.
Dr Havard, who was married with three children at the time, denied Mrs Northcott's claims.
He claimed Mrs Northcott had phoned him in 1966 claiming she had no one to talk to and her husband was an alcoholic.
"She said that she wanted some help to have a baby," said Dr Havard. "I thought first of all she meant medical help, but then alarm bells started ringing.
"I saw her three or four times after that to give her advice about problems she was having with Adrian.
"Diana has dreamt up the most extraordinary things.
"I couldn't have been the father as I was very busy at the time - I was in Malta a lot with work."
Dr Havard said he fell out of contact with Mrs Northcott until David wrote to him 17 years later asking him to be his godfather.
Both David and his elder brother stood to benefit from a trust fund worth at least £300,000 set up by their wealthy grandfather George Northcott, the court heard, but in 2001 Mrs Northcott told the fund's trustees David's father was Dr Havard.
DNA tests show that there is a 99 per cent chance the brothers do not share the same father.
Now the trustees are asking the court to rule on whether father-of-one David, of Tufnell Park, North London, is entitled to benefit from the trust.
Meanwhile David has raised question marks over the paternity of Adrian, saying he is the son of their husband's brother Vernon - also now dead.
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- Friends (TV Show)
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Description: 'Finally I was forced to admit that I work in a corrupted profession.' When award-winning journalist Nick Davies decided to break Fleet Street's unwritten rule by investigating his own colleagues, he found that the business of reporting the truth had been slowly subverted by the mass production of ignorance.Working with a network of off-the-record sources, Davies uncovered the story of the prestigious Sunday newspaper which allowed the CIA and MI6 to plant fiction in its columns; the newsroom which routinely rejects stories about black people; the respected paper that hired a professional fraudster to set up a front company to entrap senior political figures; the newspapers which support law and order while paying cash bribes to bent detectives. Davies names names and exposes the national stories which turn out to be pseudo events manufactured by the PR industry, and the global news stories which prove to be fiction generated by a new machinery of international propaganda. He shows the impact of this on a world where consumers believe a mass of stories which, in truth, are as false as the idea that the Earth is flat - from the millennium bug to the WMD in Iraq - tainting government policy, perverting popular belief. He presents a new model for understanding news. With the help of researchers from Cardiff University, who ran a ground-breaking analysis of our daily news, Davies found most reporters, most of the time, are not allowed to dig up stories or check their facts - a profession corrupted at the core.Read All About It. The news will never look the same again.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 1995
|Filing date
|Jan 25, 1994
|Priority date
|Jan 25, 1994
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Emray R. Goossen, Larry A. Nelson, James W. Woods
|Original Assignee
|Honeywell Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (66), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an improved cross-channel data link of the type comprising an element of a fault tolerant computing system.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
There are a significant, and growing, number of computer applications which demand a higher level of reliability and availability than can be practically achieved with conventional "single thread" systems, such systems being of the type wherein a single fault can cause a fatal error. An avionic computer control system of the so called fly-by-wire type is illustrative. Here, the flight of the aircraft and the safety of its crew depends upon the continuous error free operation of the computer system.
Fault tolerant computing requires some form of redundancy of computing resources to enable fault isolation and continued operation in spite of isolated faults. The preferred method is known as N-modular redundancy with majority voting, where the modular element may be any computing resource, but is typically a complete general purpose computer, including its associated input/output circuitry. The remaining discussion will assume that the redundant element is in fact such a computer.
In this arrangement, a limited number of faults can be tolerated. Implementing this concept requires that all modules execute identical programs on identical computers in substantial synchrony. Since all computers operate on the identical input data in synchronism, it is thus possible to instantaneously compare the output data from each and vote to determine the correct result, even though one or more of the modules may be in error, i.e., only the majority need be correct. The preferred means for maintaining synchronization, comparing computational results and exchanging failure status information, is a cross-channel data link which permits the exchange of data on a periodic basis. A typical application may require an exchange of 5,000 to 10,000 bits each processing frame, i.e. every 10 to 20 milliseconds. Each computer analyzes the data received from all other computers and uses this data to either confirm that it is in synchronization or to re-establish synchronization if it has been lost. In addition, data is used to validate or evaluate the health of the system, or to vote against other components of the system.
The cross-channel data link is a critical element of the system. It should be designed to maximize reliability and to insure that no single point failure of the data link can prevent data exchange between any pair of computers since without this exchange, synchronization may be lost and the benefits of majority voting lost. It has been found desirable to employ fiber optic media to gain the benefit of improved electrical isolation, rejection of interfering signals, and the potential for higher channel capacity.
The prior art approach for a fiber optic, cross-channel data link for a triple-modularly redundant computing system is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. Each of computers 10, 12 and 14 execute identical programs in response to a common set of data inputs 16 and exchanges this data via a fiber optic cross-channel data link. The computer outputs on lines 18, 20, 22 are presented to majority output voting 24 which produces a correct output even when any one of computer outputs 18, 20 or 22 is incorrect. Similarly, the input voting 23 provides a majority of input signals such that all computations within the three computers proceed on identical input data.
Communication between the cross-channel data link and the computers is via bidirectional data buses 11, 13 and 15. The cross-channel data link is comprised of optical node controls 26, 28 and 30 plus optical fibers 32-42. Referring to optical node 26, each node is comprised of two optical transmitters of the light emitting diode type, such as 46 and 48, plus two optical receivers (photo detectors), such as 44 and 50. Alternatively, optical transmitters 46 and 48 may be replaced with a single optical transmitter and an optical splitter. Either arrangement provides a simultaneous bidirectional data path between any pair of computers. For example, the data path formed by transmitter 46 on node 26, optical fiber 36, and receiver 52 on node 28 allows data from computer 10 to be sent to computer 12.
Although this arrangement provides the requisite communication paths when all elements are operable, a failure of any one element in the data link can cause an operable computer to be declared faulty. It is well known in the art to reconfigure data channels to route data around a failed link.
Reconfiguration of a cross channel data link, however, is undesirable due to the potential to exacerbate the effect of faults. For example, re-routing circuitry could provide an alternate path through element 48, 34, 54, 56 and 42 in the event of a failure of the path formed by elements 46, 36 and 52. However, such circuitry adds the risk that a single failure of the re-routing circuitry could cause multiple data paths to fail. Such prior art arrangements further lack the ability to isolate a data link fault solely to the transmitter, fiber or receiver. Since these elements are typically in different line replaceable units, diagnostic tests are thus unable to determine which unit to replace to correct for certain faults. Such prior art arrangements are further incapable of performance level measurements which could identify impending failures for repair before an actual fault occurs. This is particularly problematic with optical fibers being subjected to high "g" accelerations during aircraft maneuvers. Fiber-optic links used with prior art cross-channel data links have required specialized equipment for measurement of link integrity by ground maintenance personnel. These measurements are inadequate when the system is installed in a moving vehicle such as a fighter aircraft. Latent failures or marginal thresholds may be exposed during a high "g" maneuver. Cracked fibers and/or misaligned connections can disable the system if the fiber shifts at all. The present invention provides for a continuous detection capability which equals or exceeds the equipment utilized by ground maintenance personnel. As a result, the system is able to compensate for loss of power thresholds by adjusting the transmitter power output and is able to reconfigure in a deterministic fashion in that it "knows" where the exact failure is.
Because the system of the present invention incorporates a built-in fault detection and isolation system, ground crews are not required to validate the system with additional hardware. The system confidence level exceeds that associated with prior art fiber-optic cross-channel data links due to the ability to verify integrity after the components are installed. It has been a requirement of the prior art systems that signals be injected into the fiber with the plural computers disconnected. Hence, when the connection is re-established, the contact itself is still in question. With the present invention, faults detected during a previous flight are made available to maintenance personnel in prognosticating repair actions.
Furthermore, because only three fibers are required to provide a fault tolerant system in accordance with the present invention, a higher reliability level is achieved, when compared to the prior art and, in addition, continued operation can be enhanced through fault detection and dynamic reconfiguration.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a cross-channel data link having improved fault detection and fault isolation capability.
It is a further object of this invention to provide dynamic link degradation measurements and optical power management to detect impending failure and to insure adequate operating margins while maintaining optical transmitter power at the lowest possible level.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a graceful degradation through dynamic isolation and reconfiguration.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide an improved signal modulation and demodulation scheme which, in addition to enabling performance level measurement, provides better signal to noise margins.
A novel feature of the instant invention is the use of wavelength division multiplexing to improve fault diagnostic capability. Wavelength division multiplexing is a fairly well-known method by which a single optical fiber can support multiple channels and duplex operation. Each channel uses a different wavelength optical transmitter to communicate in a different region of the optical spectrum, analogous to the way radio signals are distinguished in the radio frequency spectrum. Optical gratings provide selective detection of each wavelength, analogous to the tuned circuits of radio receivers. Although it is well known to consider wavelength division multiplexing for long line communication where the added complexity of the circuitry can be weighed against many miles of optical fiber, it is not considered to be useful for short distance communication. However, in the context of the instant invention, it provides a unique advantage in maintainability and reliability of the fault tolerant computing system.
Described is a cross-channel data link which is operable to provide communication between the plural computing elements of an N-modularly redundant computing system in which the data link comprises a multiplicity of nodes interconnected in a ring configuration with each node being coupled to a clockwise adjacent node via a single optical fiber and to a counterclockwise adjacent node, via a different single optical fiber. Each node is coupled to one computing element of the N-modularly redundant computing system. Each of the nodes include a first and a second optical transmitter, a first and a second optical receiver, a first wavelength division multiplexing means coupled to the first optical transmitter and to the first optical receiver for multiplexing an optical signal transmitted by the node and traveling in a clockwise direction with an optical signal received by the node and traveling in a counterclockwise direction through the single optical fiber which joins the clockwise adjacent nodes.
Similarly, a second wavelength division multiplexing means is provided that is coupled to the second optical transmitter and the second optical receiver for multiplexing an optical signal transmitted by the node and traveling in a counterclockwise direction with an optical signal received by the node traveling in a clockwise direction through the single optical fiber joining the counterclockwise adjacent nodes. Each node also includes a controller that is coupled to one of the plural computing elements for exchanging data indicative of the instantaneous state of the plural computing elements. A two-stage modulator is also coupled to the controller and to the first and second transmitters while a two-stage demodulator is likewise coupled to the controller and to the first and second optical receivers.
In accordance with the present invention, the aforementioned two-stage modulator and two-stage demodulator include a first stage of the quadrature amplitude modulator type. The second stage of the two-stage modulator and the two-stage demodulator is of the frequency modulation type.
The aforementioned controller comprises a buffer memory along with a suitable control circuit for storing data received from each of the adjacent nodes during a first recurring time interval in the buffer memory and for propagating the data stored in the buffer memory to each of the adjacent nodes during a second time interval.
The features, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals in the several views refer to corresponding parts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustration of a prior art triple-modularly redundant computing system incorporating a fiber-optic, cross-channel data link;
FIG. 2 illustrates by means of a block diagram a cross-channel data link illustrative of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates the organization of a data packet assembled in the node controllers;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the cross-channel data transmission protocol; and
FIG. 5 is a more detailed block diagram of the cross-channel data link node in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a cross-channel data link which is illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the invention. As in the prior art arrangement of FIG. 1, communication with the other elements which comprise a fault tolerant system is via bidirectional data buses 11, 13, and 15 which connect to the computers 10, 12 and 14 of FIG. 1. The cross-channel data link is comprised of three nodes, 60, 62 and 64, which are interconnected in a ring configuration by only three optical fibers 66, 68 and 70, rather than six as in FIG. 1. Wavelength division multiplexing permits full duplex communication in a single optical ring. Wavelength λ1 is a particular wavelength within the passband of the optical fiber which is modulated to provide communication in a clockwise direction through the ring while λ2 is a different wavelength sufficiently separated from λ1 that data can be simultaneously sent through the ring in a counterclockwise direction with substantially no crosstalk. Each node contains:
(a) two wavelength division multiplexers (WDM) 72-82;
(b) a λ1 transmitter 84-88;
(c) a λ1 receiver 90-94;
(d) a λ2 transmitter 96-100;
(e) a λ2 receiver 102-106; and
(f) a link node controller 108-112.
In a typical system, each of node controllers 108-112 and optical data links 66-70 represent, or are a part of, a different line replaceable unit. Since first level maintenance is typically accomplished by fault isolation and replacement, it is very desirable to conclusively isolate any fault to a single line replaceable unit. In the prior art, certain faults could not be isolated to a single unit. For example, in FIG. 1, the observation that a message launched from node 26 is not received by node 30 leaves the ambiguity that the optical transmitter 48, optical fiber 34, or receiver 54 is faulty. In the preferred embodiment, any optical fiber fault results in a loss of communication in both directions which can be readily distinguished from faults internal to the node which produce a unidirectional loss. This feature is combined with additional structure in each node to further enhance maintainability.
The cross-channel data link node controllers 108-112 may take a variety of forms ranging from a relatively simple controller which, at a minimum, performs the functions assigned to the two lowest levels of the seven layer protocol defined by ISO/OSI, i.e., "Physical" and "Transport" layers as those items are defined in the International Standards Organization Open System Interconnect specification, to highly autonomous controllers which additionally provide processing which might otherwise be performed by the respective computers. In particular, the Built In Test (BIT) processing, which will be subsequently described, may be variously apportioned between the node controller and the respective computer.
The function of the cross-channel data link is to permit computers 10-14 (FIG. 1) to periodically exchange the data needed to determine each others' health, to confirm synchronization or, alternatively, to re-establish synchronization in the event that it is anomalously lost. The data required is the set of machine state variables which uniquely define the last step of the application program a given computer has completed at a particular point in time. The instant invention additionally requires that BIT (Built in Test) data be exchanged.
An example of one protocol which accomplishes this will be described with the aid of FIG. 3, which indicates the organization of the data packet periodically assembled by each of node controllers 108-112 for transmission to their respective computers (not shown) which are coupled to the bidirectional data buses 11, 13 and 15. The designations n+1 and n-1 refer to the computers and nodes positioned on the ring relative to the subject computer, n, in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, respectively. Consider, for example, computer 12 and node 110. The primary half-frame is a block of 16 bit words comprised of four fields; namely, the state variables from computer 10, BIT data corresponding to node 60, computer 14 state variables and node 64 BIT data. Each field preferably contains an error correction-sub-field. The secondary half-frame is the identical data found in the primary half-frame, but derived using alternative data routing through the data link.
Operation of the data link proceeds as follows: Each data link node controller contains its own crystal controlled primary timing source from which the timing required to exchange a frame of data is established. Upon system initialization, all nodes cooperatively execute a procedure which brings them into frame synchronization. All subsequent inter-node data transfers occur synchronously, frame-by-frame. During the first half of each frame, each node controller receives the primary half-frame and assembles it in a buffer memory. During the second half of the frame, each node controller receives and assembles the redundant secondary half-frame. Concurrent with the assembly of the next frame, each node controller composes and transmits a selected-half-frame from the buffer memory to its respective computer. The primary half-frame is sent, providing it contains no errors. In the event of errors in a given field of the primary half-frame, the corresponding field of the secondary half-frame is substituted, provided it contains no errors or if it contains correctable soft errors, while the primary half-frame field contains uncorrectable hard errors. In an alternative embodiment, where the node controller may perform BIT, any part of the BIT data may be conditionally suppressed for the data packet sent to the computer.
FIG. 4 graphically depicts the transmission protocol. For clarity, data link nodes 60, 62 and 64 have been designated A, B and C, respectively. The pair of lines interconnecting the nodes correspond to the duplex channel of each of the interconnecting optical fibers. The outer (clockwise) ring corresponds to the λ1 channel while the inner ring corresponds to the λ2 channel. The two character designation associated with each channel is indicative of the channel utilization. The first character indicates the data transmitted during the first half of the frame while the second character indicates the data transmitted during the second half of the frame. Note during the first half-frame, all data propagates one place in a clockwise direction via the λ1 channels and one place in a counterclockwise direction via the λ2 channels, with the results of these transfers accumulated in the buffer memories of the respective destination nodes, thus providing a complete exchange of data. During the second half-frame, the data accumulated in the buffer memories is forwarded to the next adjacent node. Again, this is done simultaneously in both a clockwise and counterclockwise direction. The result is that the secondary half-frame contains the identical data found in the primary half-frame; however, it is sent via a circuitous route which does not depend upon the channel used to send a given field of data for the primary half-frame. This is one of the features which enables the data link to tolerate any single point failure, including the loss of any one optical fiber.
FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram of the cross-channel data link node. The preferred embodiment employs two substantially identical optical components 140 and 142. Optical component 140 is comprised of an optical transmitter 84 which generates an optical signal of wavelength λ, most of which is directly passed through the diffraction grating of wavelength division multiplexer 72 and is coupled into optical fiber 66. This signal is designated λ1 per the convention previously established. A small fraction of the λ1 optical signal is reflected by the optical grating to power sensor 114. Power sensor 114 generates a feedback signal to power control circuit 116 which is indicative of the optical power generated by transmitter 84. Power sensor 114 also generates a status bit which provides a pass/fail indication to node controller 108. Power control circuit 116 employs the power sensor feedback signal to control the electrical input power of transmitter 84 such that a specified level of optical power is launched into the optical fiber independent of environmental stress or component aging. The optical power level is specified by a digital BIT signal on line 118, provided by node controller 108. A more detailed description of this type of optical power control is contained in U.S. Pat. No. 4,991,229 issued to Larry A. Nelson et al. and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The teachings of that patent are hereby incorporated by reference.
Mixer 120 provides three sources for the electrical input signal of transmitter 84. The signal which performs this selection is provided by node controller 108. For normal operation, the selected signal is also provided by node controller 108, via quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) encoder 122 and voltage controlled oscillator 124.
The bit serial data from node controller 108 is encoded into two serial data streams; one of odd bits and the other of even bits. QAM encoder 122 generates a sine wave from which normal and quadrature carriers are derived. The odd serial bit stream modulates the odd carrier while the even bit stream modulates the quadrature carrier. The two modulated carriers are summed to form a quadrature amplitude modulated signal of the type conventionally used for radio frequency communication. A more detailed description of QAM can be found in the publication titled "Information, Transmission, Modulation and Noise" by Mischa Schwartz, McGraw Hill, Third Edition, 1980. A novel feature of the present invention is the additional step of further modulating the QAM signal to improve noise margins and allow performance level measurement. Although the QAM signal might be directly used to directly drive the fiber-optic transmitter, it is advantageous to interpose a frequency modulator. This is preferably accomplished with a Gallium Arsenide voltage controlled oscillator 124.
Noise is reduced to improve system reliability and survivability. More importantly, a measurement of the noise power density provides parametric information regarding the health of the data link which can be used to predict impending failure. It has been observed that with this type of double modulation, noise power density varies inversely and continuously with data link attenuation. Therefore, this one parameter is capable of detecting degradation of the transmitter, the wavelength division multiplexer, the optical couplings, optical fiber and the receiver, i.e., the entire physical link. It is thus possible to measure the effect of all environmental stress on the physical link, e.g., temperature or micro-bending of the optical fiber.
Discriminator 126 performs frequency demodulation to restore the signal from receiver 102 to a quadrature amplitude modulated signal. QAM decoder 128 further demodulates the received signal such that its output corresponds to the bit serial data generated by the QAM encoder of an adjacent node. Noise detector circuit 130 generates a digital exchange link BIT signal which is indicative of the average noise density of the QAM signal at the output of discriminator 126. Suitable noise detection apparatus is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,459 entitled "Fiber Optic Link Noise Measurement and Optimization System". This signal is sensed by node controller 108 and is incorporated into the BIT field of the data packet exchanged with other node controllers.
The noise level measurement capability and the full duplex mode of operation permit a measurement of the noise for a given link as follows:
1. Measure the noise in the λ1 channel with a constant voltage at the input of voltage controlled oscillator 124. Note that this parameter is generated by noise detection 130 and is communicated from the remote node to the local node via the BIT field.
2. Measure the total noise of the λ1 and λ2 channel in a loop back configuration with an unmodulated QAM carrier provided as input to voltage controlled oscillator 124.
3. Determine the noise of the λ2 channel by subtracting the noise measured in step 1 with the noise measured in step 2.
It is desirable to provide loopback or echo of received data to the transmitting node for diagnostic purposes. During diagnostic testing, mixer 120 may select the output of λ2 receiver 102 to loopback the signal received from optical fiber 66. Alternatively, receiver 90 may be selected for loopback on optical fiber 68.
The combined features of full duplex operation, measurement and control of optical power and noise level measurement, permit a variety of advantageous diagnostic strategies. For example, during maintenance diagnostics any node may determine the transmitted power corresponding to the soft error threshold. This is accomplished by incrementally decrementing the power of one of its transmitters and monitoring the BIT field returned by the destination node. Alternatively, during run time diagnostics any node may dynamically adjust transmitter power to compensate for transient environmental stress such that a minimally sufficient signal to noise ratio is maintained, e.g., three to four db over the measured noise. Controlling transmitter power to the actual level required, rather than a calculated worst case, allows the average power to be dramatically reduced, thus extending the mean time before failure of the transmitter without compromising bit error rate.
Although only a three node data link has thus far been considered, it is possible to extend the concept to any number of nodes. For example, five nodes requires that the synchronization frame comprise four fields, and that for each successive field, data is passed four places in both a clockwise and counterclockwise direction. This requires a higher bandwidth which may be accomplished by increasing the number of bits per symbol for quadrature amplitude modulation.
The components required for passing data through a computer from fiber to fiber are a minimum set consisting of the wavelength division multiplexer, the optical receiver, and the optical transmitter. These components have been found to contribute less than 0.05 failures per million hours to the link. The computers, processors, or other functional components cannot alter the data as it passes through, nor can their failure prohibit its transference. The only requirement is for the low level power required to operate the receiver and transmitter. Also, a side benefit is that there is no processor overhead required for handling this data. Control of the power levels by the system during self-test and during operation provides for increased reliability through operational power reduction, reduced transmitter and receiver costs, and the previously mentioned self-correction capability for in-flight threshold shifts.
This invention has been described herein in considerable detail in order to comply with the Patent Statutes and to provide those skilled in the art with the information needed to apply the novel principles and to construct and use such specialized components as are required. However, it is to be understood that the invention can be carried out by specifically different equipment and devices, and that various modifications, both as to the equipment details and operating procedures, can be accomplished without departing from the scope of the invention itself.
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Automated system, and corresponding method, for determining average optical output power of electro-optic modules
|Dec 18, 1996
|Nov 18, 1997
|Mci Communications Corp.
|Multiple wavelength bidirectional lightwave amplifier
|Dec 22, 1995
|Mar 24, 1998
|Mci Communications Corporation
|System and method for photonic facility and line protection switching
|Jun 4, 1996
|Apr 21, 1998
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Network for connecting a plurality of nodes using a plurality of channels
|Jun 28, 1996
|Jul 7, 1998
|Mci Communications Corporation
|System and method for photonic facility and line protection switching using wavelength translation
|Jul 20, 1995
|Aug 18, 1998
|Raytheon Company
|Voting node for a distributed control system
|Dec 29, 1995
|Mar 16, 1999
|Mci Communications Corporation
|Method and system for optical restoration tributary switching in a fiber network
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|May 11, 1999
|Mci Communications Corporation
|System for an optical domain
|Oct 10, 1996
|Jul 27, 1999
|Tellabs Operations, Inc.
|Upgradable modular wavelength division multiplexer
|Dec 28, 1995
|Dec 21, 1999
|Mci Worldcom, Inc.
|Method and system for detecting optical faults within the optical domain of a fiber communication network
|Mar 26, 1996
|Mar 7, 2000
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson
|Optical network and arrangement and method in such network
|Jun 28, 1996
|Aug 22, 2000
|Mci Communications Corporation
|Method and system for transporting ancillary network data
|Nov 12, 1998
|Sep 5, 2000
|Chorum Technologies Inc.
|System for dealing with faults in an optical link
|Jul 30, 1998
|May 15, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Diagnostic injection of transmission errors in fiber optic networks
|Dec 29, 1995
|Sep 4, 2001
|Mci Communications Corporation
|Method and system for detecting optical faults in a network fiber link
|Sep 17, 1997
|Sep 18, 2001
|Nortel Networks Limited
|Apparatus and method for self routing control mechanism for restoring fiber optic communications network connections
|Dec 14, 1999
|Aug 27, 2002
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Fault localization and health indication for a controller area network
|Jul 26, 2000
|Apr 8, 2003
|Chorum Technologies Lp
|System for dealing with faults in an optical link
|Sep 12, 2000
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|Ciena Corporation
|Optical fiber ring communication system
|Dec 21, 2000
|Sep 21, 2004
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Method for diagnosing a network
|Oct 2, 2001
|Dec 21, 2004
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Link discovery and verification procedure using loopback
|Jun 26, 2002
|Oct 25, 2005
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Fault localization and health indication for a controller area network
|Jul 10, 2002
|Nov 1, 2005
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Fiber optic control network and related method
|Jul 10, 2002
|Nov 15, 2005
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Multi-tier, hierarchical fiber optic control network
|Jan 5, 2004
|Apr 25, 2006
|Ciena Corporation
|Optical fiber ring communication system
|Jul 10, 2002
|May 16, 2006
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Redundant multi-fiber optical ring network
|May 4, 2005
|May 16, 2006
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Multi-tier, hierarchical fiber optic control network
|Aug 23, 2000
|May 16, 2006
|Ciena Corporation
|Fault detection and isolation in an optical network
|Sep 30, 2004
|Jun 20, 2006
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Fiber optic control network and related method
|Oct 27, 2004
|Jun 20, 2006
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Link discovery and verification procedure using loopback
|May 10, 2000
|Sep 18, 2007
|Alloptic, Inc.
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|Jun 19, 2002
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|Lucent Technologies Inc.
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|Sep 27, 2000
|Jun 10, 2008
|Alloptic, Inc.
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|Feb 21, 2001
|Nov 11, 2008
|Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ)
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|Aug 2, 2004
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|Finisar Corporation
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|Wipro Limited
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|Jan 19, 2009
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|Sep 30, 2002
|Mar 3, 2015
|Rockstar Consortium Us Lp
|Link discovery, verification, and failure isolation in an optical communication system
|Aug 23, 2012
|Jul 7, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Read optical power link service for link health diagnostics
|Dec 28, 2000
|Jul 4, 2002
|Nanette Rizzo
|Conversion attachment for bench grinder tool rest
|Jun 26, 2002
|Nov 7, 2002
|Dierauer Peter P.
|Fault localization and health indication for a controller area network
|May 13, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Peter Miller
|Fault tolerant voting system and method
|Jun 19, 2002
|Jan 16, 2003
|Venema J. A. W.
|Communication network with a ring topology
|Feb 21, 2001
|Aug 21, 2003
|Persson Ulf A
|Optical communication system with two parallel transmission paths
|Jul 10, 2002
|Jan 15, 2004
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Fiber optic control network and related method
|Jul 10, 2002
|Jan 15, 2004
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Redundant multi-fiber optical ring network
|Jul 10, 2002
|Jan 15, 2004
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Multi-tier, hierarchical fiber optic control network
|Sep 30, 2002
|Jan 15, 2004
|Gerstal Ornan A.
|Link discovery, verification, and failure isolation in an optical communication system
|Jan 5, 2004
|Jul 15, 2004
|Ciena Corporation
|Optical fiber ring communication system
|Feb 19, 2004
|Aug 19, 2004
|Andreas Weber
|Module having two bi-directional optical transceivers
|Aug 2, 2004
|Feb 3, 2005
|Aldridge James Finn
|Add/drop module for single fiber wavelength division multiplexing systems
|Oct 27, 2004
|Apr 21, 2005
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Link discovery and verification procedure using loopback
|Sep 30, 2004
|Apr 28, 2005
|I/O Controls Corporation
|Fiber optic control network and related method
|May 15, 2006
|Jan 4, 2007
|Yongchang Wang
|Redundant multi-fiber optical ring network
|Oct 18, 2005
|Apr 19, 2007
|Wipro Limited
|Three fiber line switched ring
|Mar 19, 2009
|Dec 31, 2009
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Hybrid topology ethernet architecture
|Jan 19, 2009
|Jul 22, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|System and method for a cross channel data link
|Jan 26, 1998
|Nov 4, 1998
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method and circuit for data transmission in a ringnet
|Jan 26, 1998
|May 26, 2004
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method and circuit for data transmission in a ringnet
|Apr 5, 2000
|Oct 10, 2001
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson
|Optical communication system with two parallel transmission paths
|Mar 26, 1996
|Oct 10, 1996
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Optical network and arrangement and method in such network
|Feb 21, 2001
|Oct 18, 2001
|Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson
|Optical communication system with two parallel transmission paths
|Feb 19, 2004
|Sep 2, 2004
|Finisar Corporation
|Module having two bi-directional optical transceivers
|Feb 19, 2004
|Apr 21, 2005
|Finisar Corp
|Module having two bi-directional optical transceivers
|U.S. Classification
|398/59, 398/3, 714/717, 398/7, 398/79, 370/243
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 25, 1994
Owner name: HONEYWELL INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GOOSSEN, EMRAY R.;NELSON, LARRY A.;WOODS, JAMES W.;REEL/FRAME:006876/0495;SIGNING DATES FROM 19940118 TO 19940121
|Sep 8, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 22, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 23, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Knights Inn Stone Mountain hotels are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Knights Inn hotel prices in Stone Mountain, GA for your family, individual or group travels. We list the best Knights Inn Stone Mountain lodging properties so you can review the Stone Mountain Knights Inn hotel list below to find the perfect place.
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text:
Companies in the US have been told to seek effective mobile phone recycling methods to dispose of old handsets.
Technology specialist Processor has suggested that new eco-laws across the country have made it even more important to find suitable ways to recycle mobile phones.
In New York for example, it has been made illegal to dispose of equipment in landfill sites.
With firms constantly updating their employees' handsets to the latest iPhone, BlackBerry or Nokia models, many corporations may have found themselves developing a stash of unused devices.
The publication believes enterprises should opt to use a professional company that specialises in mobile phone recycling, rather than utilise other methods.
Importantly, firms should ensure that recycling businesses offer guarantees that sensitive data that might still exist on a handset will be wiped permanently.
Chief executive of e-waste specialists Cloudblue Ken Beyer told the publication that some companies may even take video recordings of a phone being wiped to provide further peace of mind.
President and founder of Take My Mac Andrea Bebirian also indicated that people should not be put off sending old equipment due to cost considerations, as most firms offer hassle-free and cost-effective delivery methods.
In the UK, the Daily Mirror has predicted that the number of people looking to sell mobile phones or use recycling initiatives could grow due to the release of the Windows Phone 7 operating system.
The latest version of the system is scheduled to be made available on a range of handsets in February 2011 and is expected to prove popular.
It also suggested that the 2010 launch of the iPhone 4 could have led to an increase in people looking to get rid of old handsets.
According to the publication, a Techtree report said of the gadget: "The phones have a drop-dead gorgeous design, visually stunning display with the highest resolution of any smartphone [and] a world-class operating system that remains unbeaten when it comes to design."


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5 Ridiculously Delicious Protein Desserts!
Hey, you with the store-bought brownies! Ditch those fat- and sugar-loaded sweets. Have your desserts and support your gains with these 5 healthy twists on classic treats!
I have a confession to make: I absolutely love sweet treats! Of course, I prefer to indulge without the bulge—who doesn't?—so I'm not a big fan of the fat- and sugar-loaded gut bombs that populate the aisles of most grocery stores. Instead of scouring nutrition labels for something that looks even remotely healthy, I like to bake my own nutritious goodies at home!
Whether you're sticking to strict macros or simply want to try your hand at some healthier indulgences, this collection of protein sweets is sure to delight your taste buds without sabotaging your fitness goals. Try each recipe, then let me know which you like best!
Peppermint Fudge Protein Brownies
Dark, dense, fudgy, minty, rich—I could go on forever about these incredibly delicious brownies! Forget everything you know about black bean brownies; these peppermint fudge beauties take decadent to a whole 'nother level. You really can't taste the veggies at all! However, if you can't tolerate beans, try substituting sweet potato or butternut squash. You may just need to extend the baking time by a few minutes.
Baking Stevia 1/2-2/3 cup
Unsweetened cocoa 1/3 cup
Salt 1/4 tsp.
Black beans, drained and rinsed 1 cup
Egg whites 1/2 cup
Coconut oil 2 tbsp
Pure vanilla extract 1/2 tsp
Pure mint extract 1/2 tsp
Candy canes 1 oz. (2 medium)
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Drain and rinse black beans thoroughly, then microwave them for 30 seconds (optional, but makes them easier to blend/mash).
- Add black beans to a blender or a food processor, and pulse until smooth. You can also mash them with a fork, but be prepared for quite the arm workout!
- Microwave coconut oil for 30 seconds to soften it, then blend it, egg whites, and extracts with the black beans until smooth.
- In a separate bowl, whisk together dry ingredients, then combine wet and dry ingredients until smooth. Stir in half the crushed candy canes, saving half for topping.
- Pour batter into 6x8 or 8x8 baking pan coated with cooking spray. Bake for 15-25 minutes, or until batter has set but inserted knife still comes out a bit dirty. It's important not to overbake because the brownies will set in the fridge.
- Sprinkle with remaining crushed candy canes, allow brownies to cool for 15-20 minutes, then place them in the fridge for a couple of hours so they can get even more fudgy and delicious!
Serving size: 1 brownie
Recipe yields: 8 servings
White Chocolate Cranberry Protein Bars
These white chocolate cranberry protein bars are not only mouthwatering, they're also made without any flour or butter. The secret? Butternut squash! I absolutely love baking with it, especially frozen cubed butternut squash. Just microwave, and voila! You've got the perfect sweet ingredient. Fresh-cut butternut squash works, too. Whatever your preference, just be sure to make these (please)!
Baking Stevia 1/3 cup
Truvia brown sugar blend 1 tbsp
Baking powder 1/2 tsp
Salt 1/4 tsp
Ground cinnamon 1/2 tsp
Ground nutmeg 1/4 tsp
Ground ginger 1/8 tsp
Butternut squash, baked 3/4 cup
Egg whites 1/2 cup (4 large)
Coconut oil 2 tbsp
Pure vanilla extract 1/2 tsp
Butter extract 1/2 tsp (optional)
White chocolate chips 1/4 cup
Reduced-sugar dried cranberries 1/4 cup
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Whisk together dry ingredients in a mixing bowl.
- To cook the butternut squash, cut it in half, scoop out the seeds, and either bake at 350 F for 60-90 minutes, or microwave on high for 8-10 minutes, scooping out flesh once cool. If you buy the frozen squash or the fresh-cut cubes, microwaving is probably your best (and fastest) option.
- Blend together cooked squash, egg whites, coconut oil, and extracts until smooth. Combine wet and dry ingredients until no clumps appear. Stir in white chocolate chips and cranberries.
- Bake for 15-20 minutes, until batter has set but a toothpick or knife inserted in the center comes out slightly dirty.
Serving size: 1 bar
Recipe yields: 8 servings
Chocolate Peanut Butter Protein Blossoms
Chocolate and peanut butter is one of those classic combos that never get old! These crave-worthy "blossoms" are packed with protein to keep you full for hours. You can even leave off the kisses for a scrumptious low-carb peanut butter cookie! Yum.
Baking Stevia (or sweetener of choice) 1/3 cup
Powdered peanut butter 1/4 cup
Coconut flour 2 tbsp
Salt 1/2 tsp (optional)
Baking powder 1/4 tsp
Plain nonfat Greek yogurt 1/2 cup
Natural peanut butter 1/4 cup
Egg whites 1/4 cup (2 large)
Pure vanilla extract 1/2 tsp
Special Dark Hershey's Kisses 12 (optional)
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Whisk together dry ingredients in a mixing bowl, then mix in wet ingredients until smooth.
- Lightly coat a baking sheet with cooking spray and drop cookies 1-2 inches apart, using rounded tablespoons.
- Bake for 6-8 minutes until batter has set, press a chocolate kiss into the center of each cookie, and bake for another 2 minutes. Let cool for 15-30 minutes.
Serving size: 1 cookie
Recipe yields: 12 cookies
Iced Gingerbread Protein Doughnuts
You now have no excuse to blow your diet on doughnuts! These protein donuts have a rich spiced-gingerbread flavor and that classic cake-doughnut texture (great for dunking in your coffee). These also have fantastic macros. And the glaze is just perfection!
Baking Stevia (or sweetener of choice) 1/2 cup
Coconut flour 3 tbsp
Baking powder 1/2 tsp
Baking soda 1/4 tsp
Salt 1/4 tsp (optional)
Ground cinnamon 1/2 tsp
Ground ginger 1/8 tsp
Ground cloves 1/4 tsp
Butternut squash, baked 3/4 cup
Egg whites 1/4 cup (2 large)
Unsweetened applesauce 1/4 cup
Blackstrap molasses 2 tbsp
Unsweetened cashew milk (or milk of choice) 1/4 cup
Coconut oil 2 tbsp
Stevia 2-3 tsp (to taste)
Pure almond extract 1/8 tsp
- Preheat oven to 325 degrees F. Whisk together dry ingredients in a mixing bowl, then mix in wet ingredients.
- Spoon batter into a sealable baggie and cut off one corner to make a piping bag. Use piping bag to squeeze batter into doughnut wells.
- Bake for 8-12 minutes until firm.
- While doughnuts cool, mix up your icing. Spread icing over cooled doughnuts and enjoy!
Serving size: 1 doughnut with icing
Recipe yields: 6 doughnuts
Black Forest Protein Cupcakes
I am seriously in love with these cupcakes! With the sweet creamy frosting and rich chocolate-cherry cake, you would never guess they're healthy and packed with protein! Whip up a batch of these beautiful Black Forest protein cupcakes for a special occasion, or keep them all to yourself for dessert, pre-workout, post-workout, or anytime! Sometimes you just need a cupcake.
Baking Stevia (or sweetener of choice) 1/2 cup
Coconut flour 1/4 cup
Unsweetened cocoa powder 1/4 cup
Baking powder 1/2 tsp
Salt 1/4 tsp (optional)
Unsweetened applesauce 1/2 cup
Egg whites 1/4 cup (2 large)
Unsweetened cashew milk (or milk of choice) 1/4 cup
Coconut oil 1 tbsp
Pure vanilla extract 1/2 tsp
Pure almond extract 1/4 tsp
Dark sweet cherries, fresh or frozen 1/2 cup (do not thaw if frozen)
Whipped cream cheese 3 oz.
Nonfat plain Greek yogurt 3 oz.
Stevia 1 tbsp
Pure almond extract 1/8 tsp
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Whisk together dry ingredients in a mixing bowl, then mix in wet ingredients until smooth. Fold in dark sweet cherries.
- Line eight wells of a muffin tin with paper or foil liners, or coat wells with cooking spray. Fill wells 3/4 full with batter.
- Bake for 15-25 minutes, or until a toothpick or knife inserted comes out clean. Let cupcakes cool for 10-15 minutes.
- Meanwhile, combine frosting ingredients (adjust sweetness to taste) to spread over cupcakes once cool. For fancier frosting, use a piping bag, or a Ziploc bag with one corner cut off. I grated dark chocolate over my cupcakes and put a cherry on top of each one (not included in macros). Store leftovers in the fridge or freezer.
Serving size: 1 frosted cupcake
Recipe yields: 8 servings
About The Author
Sarah Wilkins
Sarah Wilkins is a nutritionist, business owner, researcher, and author.


text:
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text:
The death toll after the Shoreham Airshow plane disaster is expected to rise to at least 11 people, police have said.
Seven people were yesterday confirmed dead after a vintage Hawker Hunter fighter jet crashed on to the A27 at Shoreham in West Sussex after failing to pull out of a loop manoeuvre.
But police said this morning they feared more bodies would be found and officers have now identified 11 people who are "highly likely" to have died.
Sussex Police Assistant Chief Constable Steve Barry said: "Sadly, as a result of our initial work at the site, which has continued overnight, and inquiries following calls to the emergency services from worried families and friends, we have now identified 11 people who we are treating as highly likely to have died in this tragedy."
He also warned the total could rise further, saying: "The scene itself is incredibly large. A lot of specially-trained officers are sifting, as we speak, so we do need to keep an open mind but from what we have seen at this stage it is possible that we will find more fatalities."
The pilot, who has been named as former RAF pilot Andy Hill, is fighting for his life after being airlifted to the Royal Sussex Hospital.
A further 14 people were injured, four of whom were taken to hospital, after the jet crashed at about 1.20pm on Saturday, shortly after beginning its display in front of thousands of spectators.
Horrified onlookers described seeing the plane flying low to the ground followed by a "huge ball of fire and black smoke".
Footage posted online showed the jet carrying out a loop manoeuvre high in the air before smashing into the road in a huge fireball after failing to pull up in time.
Supt Derrick said: "Sadly we believe that seven people have lost their lives today when the jet crashed.
"As far as we are aware all those who sadly lost their lives were on the road, and it was nobody within the air show perimeter on the actual airport.
"At this time we are continuing to search ... the area to ensure that we have identified all the casualties.
"It is possible that tonight and tomorrow we are going to find more bodies at the scene."
Supt Derrick would not comment on earlier speculation that the dead included two cyclists, but said there were "a number of people and bikes at the scene and the officers are working through that at the moment".
She was also unable to say whether the pilot was able to eject. One of those injured was released from hospital last night.
David Cameron sent his "heartfelt condolences" to the families of those who died in the crash.
A Downing Street spokesman said: "The Prime Minister sends his heartfelt condolences to the families of the people who were so tragically killed after a jet crashed into several vehicles in West Sussex.
"The Prime Minister's thoughts and prayers are with the families and friends of the victims."
Today's airshow has been cancelled as a mark of respect, organisers said.
Photographs taken by witnesses showed the burning aircraft ploughing across the busy road just yards from cars and a group of people, its cockpit canopy open and wing ablaze, engulfing traffic lights, roadwork cones and signs in a huge ball of fire.
Burning debris was also visible high in the air.
One of the vehicles caught up in the tragedy was a wedding car on its way to pick up a bride to take her to her wedding, the Sun on Sunday reported.
The Daimler, which had its roof ripped off by the impact, belonged to Chariot Chauffeurs, with the company's Jay Sherwin telling the paper: "I can confirm that it is one of our cars but at this stage I do not know what happened to the driver."
Splash FM presenter Laura Raymond said the accident happened less than a quarter of a mile from where spectators were watching the event.
She said a "couple of planes" were taking part in a jet display when one appeared to fly too close to the ground before onlookers saw a "huge ball of fire and black smoke".
She told Sky News: "We were watching the displays ... and the fast jets were going on.
"Within seconds we were thinking, 'gosh, that plane is going rather low'. There was a ball of fire, we didn't even hear an impact, and then plumes of black smoke."
Royal Air Forces Association secretary general Nick Bunting said their thoughts were with those affected by the accident and it was "too early to speculate" about the future of the event.
Police appealed for the public to stay away from the crash site while officers continue searching the area. A dedicated phone line for concerned relatives has been set up on 01273 470 101.
The Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) is now leading the investigation into the cause of the crash, with a spokesman saying it had a team on site.
The crash damaged the A27 and Highways England said it would remain closed until at least 6am on Monday.
Tim Loughton, Conservative MP for East Worthing and Shoreham, said: "Given the many thousands of people attending the airshow we thank God that the aircraft did not hit a larger crowd. Our thoughts and prayers are with those affected."
It is the second tragic incident at the Shoreham Airshow in recent years.
In September 2007 James Bond stuntman Brian Brown, 49, died when he crashed a Second World War Hurricane after carrying out an unplanned barrel roll at a Battle of Britain re-enactment.
Anyone with video or photos of the incident has been asked to email email@example.com to advise police what footage they have. Officers will then ask for images to be sent if they wish to see them.
Additional reporting by the Press Association.
- More about:
- Shoreham Airshow
- Hawker Hunter
- Sussex Police
- plane crash


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News About 2014 Magic Night Stakes
Bring Me The Maid Continues Strong Form in 2014 Magic Night Stakes
Talented filly Bring Me The Maid has continued her sensational career start at Rosehill Gardens this afternoon, producing an incredible turn of foot to win the Group 2 Magic Night Stakes (1200m) and claim a ballot-free entry into next weekend's Group 1 Golden Slipper (1200m).
Clifton Red Features in Magic Night Stakes 2014 Field
Saturday at Rosehill Gardens presents two-year-olds with a final chance of making the Golden Slipper cut this autumn, and one filly bound for the $3.5 million classic via the 2014 Magic Night Stakes ...
Hayes Confirms Wilderness as Certain Pago Pago Stakes Starter
Leading trainer David Hayes has confirmed exciting two-year-old prospect Wilderness will line up for a maiden tilt at a Group level event at Rosehill Gardens this weekend; set to take part in the Group 2 Pago Pago Stakes (1200m).
Having recorded a ...
2014 Magic Night Stakes Nominations Released
With a ballot-free entry into the 2014 Group 1 Golden Slipper (1200m) figuring as the major prize on this weekend, 21 classy fillies have nominated for a position in the Group 2 Magic Night Stakes (1200m) at Rosehill Gardens.
One of ...


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7260 Longfellow, South Haven 49090
See more homes for sale in South Haven, MI
MOTIVATED SELLER !! This refurbished summer cottage is located in the Mt. Pleasant community on the shore of Lake Michigan! Take the cable car right down to the beach! Enjoy the community hall and new playground facility with basketball court and baseball diamond! NEW KITCHEN includes cabinets, counters, and stainless steel appliances. Spacious dining area with sliders to a new deck. Laundry area with hook up for stackable w/d. NEW carpet and NEW laminate flooring throughout. Roof just 2 years old! Light and bright, this cottage is situated on 2 lots on the corner of Longfellow and A Ave. Immaculate condition and immediate occupancy make this adorable cottage ready right now for summer fun!
Property Information
- Status
- Active
- Address
- 7260 Longfellow
- City
- South Haven
- Zip
- 49090
- County
- Allegan
- Township
- Casco Twp
- Total Finished SqFt
- 800
- Above Grade SqFt
- 800
- Waterfront Desc
- All Sports, Assoc Access
- Body of Water
- Lake Michigan
- Water
- Public
- Sewer
- Public
- Year Built
- 1800
- Taxes
- $1,778
- Association Fee
- $Annually
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 10X10 1st Floor
- Bedroom2
- 11X11 1st Floor
- Bedroom3
- 10X7 1st Floor
- Dining
- 12X8 1st Floor
- Kitchen
- 10X10 1st Floor
- Living
- 19X11 1st Floor
- Basement
- Crawl Space
- Cooling
- Window Unit
- Heating
- Electric, Space Heater
- Acreage
- 0.16
- Lot Dimensions
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Range, Refrigerator
- Exterior Materials
- Wood
- Exterior Features
- Deck(s)
Listing Video for 7260 Longfellow, South Haven MI 49090
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Shores Of South Haven
Office Address 300 Kalamazoo St.
Listing Agent Debbie Ehrlich
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 7260 Longfellow, South Haven MI 49090. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the South Haven, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in South Haven, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the South Haven, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in South Haven, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


text:
A member of Silvio Berlusconi's conservative People of Freedom Party (PDL) will tomorrow present a bill allowing same-sex couples to enter into civil partnerships.
The volte-face by Italy's centre-right, led by PDL senator Giancarlo Galan, follows a letter published in a national newspaper by a 17-year-old declaring his public call for tolerance and equality was his "last alternative to suicide".
With the shadow of the Vatican looming large, Italy lags far behind on gay quality, with no legislation allowing for civil partnerships and no measures to deter homophobic violence or discrimination in the workplace. In this regard it also lags behind some second world countries.
The letter in La Repubblica on 25 May, prompted the centre-left speaker of the Italian parliament, Laura Boldrini, to call for equality legislation. She also asked to meet the youth, who signed his letter "David Tancredi".
But some conservative parliamentarians also responded, saying that Italy's failure to improve civil rights for lesbians and gays was no longer acceptable.
Among them was PDL senator Galan who said he was "moved by the words of David Tancredi" . He will introduce a 32-article bill tomorrow guaranteeing same-sex couples the right to enter into unions that give them the same legal, financial and hereditary rights as married couples.
The term "marriage" will not be applicable, and the bill does not propose adoption rights for gays, although Mr Galan said he supports the latter and predicted these would arrive before long.
He said he was confident that he would have support from PDL colleagues. Other senior members of his party, including ex-ministers Sandro Bondi and Mara Carfagna, have also backed civil partnerships for homosexuals.
Strong backing for the proposals would also be expected from the centre-right Democratic Party and Beppe Grillo's M5S.
Mr Galan also sought to pre-empt criticism from the Vatican. "Although I can understand that the church hierarchy is not going to be pleased, I note that politicians have different responsibilities, and frankly I do not understand why Catholic friends want to deny freedom to others, taking away their right to happiness," he said.Reuse content


text:
Reviewed by: Bob Subjenski
FEAR, Anxiety and Worry—What does the Bible say? Answer
courage / bravery / self-sacrifice to save others
dealing with death
What does the Bible say about intelligent life on other planets? Answer
Are we alone in the universe? Answer
Does Scripture refer to life in space? Answer
questions and answers about the origin of life
| Liam Hemsworth … Jake Morrison, a U.S. pilot serving in ESD
Maika Monroe … Patricia Whitmore, the former First Daughter and Jake's girlfriend
Joey King … Sam
Jeff Goldblum … David Levinson
Charlotte Gainsbourg … Dr. Catherine Marceaux, a scientist at ESD and David's associate
Judd Hirsch … Julius Levinson, David's father
William Fichtner … Joshua Adams, a U.S. General serving in ESD
Bill Pullman … Thomas J. Whitmore, the 42nd President
Sela Ward … President Elizabeth Lanford, the 45th President of the U.S.
Brent Spiner … Dr. Brakish Okun
Angelababy (a Chinese superstar) … Rain Lao, a Chinese pilot and lieutenant in ESD
Jessie T. Usher (Jessie Usher) … Dylan Dubrow-Hiller, the stepson of the now-deceased war hero Steven Hiller, and a pilot and captain in ESD
Vivica A. Fox … Jasmine Dubrow-Hiller, the widow of the late war hero Steven Hiller, and a former exotic dancer
Ryan Cartwright … Officer Ryan Collins
Mckenna Grace … Daisy
more »
|Roland Emmerich—"Independence Day" (1996), "The Day After Tomorrow" (2004), "Godzilla" (1998)
|Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
Dean Devlin
Roland Emmerich
Ute Emmerich
more »
|Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
"We had twenty years to prepare. So did they."
Prequel: "Independence Day" (1996)
"Independence Day: Resurgence," the long awaited sequel to the popular fan favorite original film from 1996 has just about everything one could hope for. Exciting CGI effects, thrills, spills and enough non-stop action to keep most movie viewers totally entertained. About the only thing missing from the film is, unfortunately, Will Smith.
The movie quickly updates us on what has happened since the end of the first film and the twenty years that have followed. Utilizing technology obtained from the alien ships left behind after the first failed invasion, the world has developed what it feels will be an adequate planet wide defense system against any future invasion. We are also introduced to several new characters who will play an important role in the movie, such as Jake Morrison (Liam Hemsworth), Along with adult versions of Dylan Hiller (Jessie T. Usher) and Patricia Whitmore (Maika Monroe). A very nice surprise is the number of returning characters from the first film, such as David Levinson (Jeff Goldblum), President Whitmore (Bill Pullman), Julius Levinson (Judd Hirsch), Jasmine Hiller (Vivica A. Fox) and Dr. Brakish Okun (Brent Spiner).
After a distress call sent by the original invasion force from the first film right, before its defeat, is finally answered by the alien home planet, and the Earth's defense system proves to be no match against the invaders advanced weaponry, the world once again finds itself under the threat of total annihilation, unless another miracle occurs, like in the first film. There is also the mystery surrounding an orb-like object of unknown origins, which may or may not hold the key to Earth's survival.
There is a brief scene depicting alcohol use, but it's fortunately not glamorized or drawn out. There are quite a lot of scenes of destruction and mayhem, chaos and terror, as expected in a movie of this nature. There are a minimal number of curse words, mainly in the second half of the movie, but I'm happy to report there are no f-words in the entire film which is commendable. I counted 4 s**t, d**m (4), a*s (4), h*ll (12), bi*ch (1), and S.O.B. (2). There is one brief scene of vulgar acts done by one of the characters with his hand and a bodily function.
There is no mention of God in the entire movie, except for a couple of instances where the Lord's name is used either as a curse word or as an exclamation of frustration—"Oh my g*d" (3), "Jesus" (1), "Jesus Christ" (2), "Christ Almighty" (1), "Holy Christ" (1).
There is zero nudity in the movie, only a couple of extremely mild sexual innuendoes and virtually no characters shown with bloody wounds.
Several characters make the ultimate sacrifice in order to save others. This is a great opportunity to explain John 15:13.
"There is no greater love than this: to lay down one's life for one's friends"!
"God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement." (Romans 3:25)
It's established early in the film that the world united after the first invasion, eliminating all wars. This can be used to explore the truth of Psalm 133:1.
"Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brothers to dwell together in unity!"
After the first invasion, the world attempts to defend itself against a second one by being better prepared. This can open a discussion of 1 Peter 5:8—"Be alert and of sober mind. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour!"
While I found it regrettable that the filmmakers removed God from this movie, other than as a curse word or exclamation of frustration, He can still be found in the sacrificial actions of others. I found this movie highly entertaining, however, due to the many scenes of destruction and violent actions, I would think twice before letting anyone under 13 see it.
Violence: Heavy to Extreme / Profanity: Moderate / Sex/Nudity: Moderate
See list of Relevant Issues—questions-and-answers.
…Utterly ridiculous but also rollicking good fun… The main thing filmgoers will be looking for from Resurgence is bang-for-buck entertainment, and that it delivers reasonably successfully. …
—Leslie Felperin, Variety
…This scattershot but frequently spectacular sequel sees Roland Emmerich reclaiming his title as the DeMille of global destruction. …delivers swiftly and generously when it comes to the goods most viewers will have come for—the time-honored joys of blowing stuff up, in set pieces that escalate dizzyingly in size and context. …
—Guy Lodge, Variety
…Resurgence doesn't disappoint and delivers on disaster porn… t's hardly a disaster, except in all the ways it wants to be. There are massive battles, moon bases, a few good quips… [2½/4]
—Chris Knight, National Post
…Best approached with a sense of humour… Cheese aside, it's ultimately hard to resist a film which is so confidently self-knowing…
—Fionnuala Halligan, Screen Daily
…director Roland Emmerich has pulled a seriously lousy sequel, dripping with alien goo and incoherence. …The tonal switchbacks from camp to action to wisecracks to exposition to action again could give you whiplash, and so little of it clicks…
—Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
…a joyless snoozefest… There isn't a singular memorable scene… a patchwork of plot elements that don't fit together, and the film is so badly edited that it somehow feels twice as long as the original… [1/4]
—Lou Lumenick, New York Post
…isn't just lazy, it's borderline nonsensical… shows no signs of intelligent life… truly wretched expository dialogue… [2/4]
—Robbie Collin, The Telegraph
PLEASE share your observations and insights to be posted here.


text:
Brazil's Light in talks to exit investment in Renova Energia
SAO PAULO May 7 (Reuters) - A subsidiary of Brazilian power distribution firm Light SA is in talks to sell its stake in Renova Energia SA, according to a securities filing on Thursday.
Light is controlled by Cia Energética de Minas Gerais SA , a power holding company known as Cemig. Light Energia said in the filing that no binding accord for the disposal of the Renova stake was signed yet. (Reporting by Guillermo Parra-Bernal; Editing by Leslie Adler)
© Thomson Reuters 2017 All rights reserved.


text:
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New Sessa Flybridge 47
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46' 10" - 14.27m
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Docklands Melbourne
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The SESSA FLY 47 is a true turning point in this segment of the market. Rather than calling it a sporty flybridge, Sessa has introduced the concept of an advanced open yacht for its FLY 45. Here is a yacht designed for people who really sail: the perfect balance between indoor and outdoor spaces, bold lines and sculpted forms, performance, technologies and, in particular, outstanding optimisation of space. The FLY 45 is the first 45 foot vessel on the market with three very comfortable cabins (about 17 m2), featuring bathrooms with separate shower stalls, a spacious and ergonomic galley, a brightly lit living area and a flybridge that can comfortably host 8-10 people (16.5 m2).
DECK: anchor mod. Bruce 21Kg - galvanized chain 10 mm 70 m - S/S bow roller - electric anchor winch (1500 w) - S/S fairlead - anchor safety cable - S/S bow pulpit with starboard opening - fuel tank inlet located portside and starboard side - Fresh water tank inlet - black water tank drain outlet from shore - Stainless steel bow, mid-ship and stern cleats - stainless steel stern fairlead - deck with stainless steel handrails - bow sunpad - object and glass holders asides bow sunpad - bow storage with fiberglass hatch - hot/cold shower - double electric windshield wiper with washer.
COCKPIT: Sofa with storage for life raft underneath seats - extensible teak table - cockpit and fly courtesy lights control - dinette access glass sliding door - stereo loudspeakers - halogen lights - teak decking - 230 V shore water plug - high pressure water inlet - hot/cold shower - teak door for engine room access - stainless steel flybridge stairs with teak steps - stainless steel stern gates.
SALON: Front and side glass windshield - pilot side sliding electric window - pilot bench with adjustable seat - nut wooden furniture with drawers, upholsterd top and lateral glove compartment - starboard side upholstered C shape sofa - telescopic table with extendible covered top - Glossy varnished nut wooden furniture with storage and shutter to cover electric panel - Sinto CD/DVD player - loud speakers - carpet floor - upholstered retaining frames for curtains - wooden venetian blinds - dimmer halogen spot lights - fabric salon door curtain - stairs to access to lowerdeck with carpet steps - stainless steel handrails covered by leather.
CONSOLLE IN SALON: three dimensional dashboard with leather sunlid, compass - engines instrument board complete with analogic and digital indicators for engines parameters (rpm, oil pressure, water temperature, engine warning alarm, fuel level) - analogic rudder indicator - back-lighted switch panel for deck services - leather steering wheel - Volvo penta electronic engine controls - joystick control - hydraulic flaps control - anchor winch control - red courtesy light control - fire control for manual extinguisher - lighter socket - display 2" eVC Volvo - GpS C127 - port side console glove compartment - stainless steel handrail - wooden floor.
GALLEY: glossy varnished kitchen furniture with anti-schratch top - 4 rings galss ceramic hob with pots holder predisposition - extractor fan - Stainless steel sink - hot/cold water tap - beech chopping board - electric wooven with microvawe and grill - 178 l refrigerator and 41 l freezer - openable porthole intergrated in the panoramic window - wooden venetian blinds - compartments for dishes, litter, cutlery- holders drawers - dish washing machine housing - halogen spot lights - power sockets - nut wooden floor.
MASTER CABIN (BOW): Double bed with storage underneath - nut wood glossy varnished front drawer under bed - mattresse, pillows, bed sheet cover - simil leather bedrim - nut wooden glossy varnished storage shelves and strips - Headboard with nut wooden frame and upholstered panels - nut wardrobe with laminated interior and mirror - carpet floor - reading lights - halogen spot lights - power socket - openable porthole - foredeck hatch with darkening panel - direct access to private toilet - wooden venetian blinds.
MASTER CABIN TOILET (BOW): direct access from master cabin - nut cabinet with corian top, ceramic sink and mixer tap- cabinet with mirror shatters - wooden venetian blinds - openable porthole - power sockets - tight lights - bathroom accessories - plexiglass shower door with teak floor - Marine WC with teak folding seat - shower with diffuser on ceiling and mixer tap - storage with teak frame - wooden floor.
GUEST CABIN (STARBOARD SIDE): 2 single bed convertible in 1 double bed - mattresses, pillows, bedsheet cover - simil leather bedrims - simil leather central area - mirrored headboard - openable storages underneath bed headboards - nut wardrobe with laminated interior and mirror - carpet floor - reading lights - halogen spot lights - power sockets - openable porthole integrated in the lateral panoramic window - wooden venetian blinds.
GUEST TOILET/DAILY: double acces from starboard side cabin and corridor - nut cabinet with corian top, ceramic sink and mixer tap - cabinet with mirror shatters - wooden venetian blinds - openable porthole - power sockets - tight lights - bathroom accessories - plexiglass shower door with teak floor - Marine WC with teak folding seat - shower with sliding diffuser and mixer tap - storage with teak frame - wooden floor.
FLYBRIDGE: Front and side plexiglass windshield with stainless steel handrails - handrails for stair - courtesy lights - mast with: horn, navigation lights, anchor lights, flag holder, GpS antenna - aft sofa with storage - openable teak table - pilot bench with storage front seat - bow sunpad with storage underneath - console cover.
CONSOLLE FLY: Dashboard - engine instrument board complete with: analogic and digital indicators for engine parameters (rpm, oil pressure, water temperature, engine warning alarm, fuel level) - back-lighted switch panel for deck services - leather steering wheel - Volvo penta electronic engine controls - joystick control - hydraulic flaps control - anchor winch control - 12 V socket - cartographic GpS 9" raymarine C125W.
ENGINE ROOM: 2 X 636 fuel tank - fuel sender connected with eVC Volvo system - fuel tanl link balance system - valves for fuel interception - VoLVo strain separating water/fuel - hydraulic flaps - automatic/manual fire extinguisher with control from console.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM: 560 l tank - water pump with filter (52 l/min) - electric 60 l 230 V boiler- electric bilge pumps with manual/automatic actuation.
BLACK WATER TANK SYSTEM: 165 l tank - discharge pump or through exhauster system at shore - WC fresh water flush.
GREY WATER SYSTEM: 160 l tank - automatic/Manual discharge pump - panel to control/manage automatic/ manual discharge.
ELECTRIC SYSTEM: 4 batteries 100 ah / 12 V for engines - 4 batteries 100 ah / 12 V for services - battery 100 ah / 12 V for generator - automatic battery charger - 230 V shore - emergency electric and manual battery switches - converter - generator 6.1 Kw - 24V electric system.
At this price it is exceptional value.
See www. Sessamarine. Com
Contact Premier Yachting on 03 9592 4022 or 0411 277 824 for further information.
The Premier Yachting group now has offices in most states.
Call to find your local Sessa dealer.
Base price
Boat Reference
Model Year
46' 10" - 14.27m
Vessel Location
Docklands Melbourne
Sessa Marine
Hull Material
Decks Material
GRP/ teak
Engine Make/Model
Volvo Penta
2 x 636 litres
560 litres
Seller Details
Broker / Dealer
Premier Yachting
03 90416335
23 St Mangos Lane
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Docklands 3008
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Bungalow in town center, surrounded by all the services, on a very quiet urbanization with swimming pool. a total of 178m 2 has 3 bedrooms, bright and spacious living room, kitchen, 3 bathrooms and laundry, also has garage closed and storeroom. sold furnished, central heating gasoil and pre-installation of air conditioning, piped music and home theater. a complete home and ready to deal with!
We can help you to get a mortgage on favourable terms. A residence permit can be obtained with the purchase of this property. Please ask our team for more information.