text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 11, 1977
|Filing date
|Jun 21, 1976
|Priority date
|Jun 21, 1976
|Publication number
|Donald D. Donermeyer
|Original Assignee
|Monsanto Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (19), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of improving the adhesion of a poly(ester-amide) hot melt adhesive composition, to a metal substrate and to metal articles filled or coated with the hot melt adhesive composition. More particularly, it refers to a method of improving the adhesion of a block copoly(ester-amide) filled with a finely divided metal powder to metal substrates by means of a tie coat of melamine formaldehyde resin, and to metal articles primed with a melamine formaldehyde resin and filled or coated with the block copoly(ester-amide) composition.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Hot melt adhesives are well known in the prior art. These materials are conveniently applied to a substrate in the molten state and upon cooling form an adhesive bond. However, a deficiency common to most of the hot melt adhesives of the prior art is their tendency to soften and flow at elevated temperatures, as for example, 70� to 100� C. with a resulting loss of bond strength. Consequently, these materials are not suitable for use over a broad temperature range.
Attempts to upgrade the softening and flow temperatures have involved using very high molecular weight resinous materials and/or crosslinking of the resin. These methods have resulted in materials with higher softening points and flow temperatures. However, in most cases the resulting material was not adapted to thermal processing because of its higher molecular weight and/or crosslinked structure resulting in extremely high application viscosity. Thus, these materials were not suitable for use as hot melt adhesives.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,650,999 discloses a poly(ester-amide) resin having improved adhesion and high temperature performance obtained by reacting a crystalline polyester, a C18 to C54 polycarboxylic acid and a primary diamine. However, this poly(ester-amide) in common with other hot melt adhesives has deficiencies in creep resistance at temperatures above 150� C. in the range up to 205� C. and above and in shrinkage when the hot melt is cooled to room temperature after application. Improvement in creep resistance can be obtained by incorporating inorganic particulate fillers.
In the manufacture and repair of metal bodies such as automobiles and appliances, solder compositions containing lead are frequently used to fill cavities and voids. These lead solders are a health hazard which mandates special handling to protect workers and are also extremely dense. Conventional hot melt adhesives are not satisfactory for such cavity and void filling applications because they cannot be sanded rapidly at assembly line speed, they do not readily accept paint because they bleed through, and they do not withstand the curing temperatures for the paint. Curable adhesives such as epoxies are generally unsatisfactory because they require careful metering of the components to provide good physical properties and bond strength, and because they take too long to cure to a sandable state.
A need therefore exists for a cavity or void forming composition which is less dense and toxic than lead solder, forms a strong bond to metal substrate, withstands extremes of humidity and temperature, is readily applied and rapidly sets to a sandable state, is easily sanded smooth, and accepts paint without bleeding through. These needs are met by the adhesive compositions disclosed in U.S. applications Ser. No. 654,490 and 654,679 filed Feb. 2, 1976.
The adhesive compositions disclosed therein comprise from about 70 to about 30 parts by weight of a poly(ester-amide) block copolymer melting in the range of about 155� to about 225� C., having from about 30 to about 70 percent by weight of crystalline polyester segments and from about 70 to about 30 percent by weight of amorphous polyamide segments and from about 30 to about 70 parts by weight of finely divided spheroidal metal powder selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, mild steel, stainless steel and zinc.
However, when filled adhesive compositions containing inorganic particulate fillers especially those containing high ratios of filler and/or block polyesteramide of high glass transition temperature are applied to bare metal substrates they tend to exhibit low peel strength at low temperatures particularly at temperatures below 0� F. (-18� C.). A need therefore exists for a method of improving the adhesion of the filled adhesive compositions to metal surfaces and enhancing the peel strength of the bond formed between the filled adhesive compositions and such metal substrates. A need also exists for metal articles coated or filled with such block copoly(ester-amide) compositions which exhibit improved bonding between the metal substrate and the block copolyesteramide. A need also exists for a primer or tie-coat which enhances the adhesion of the block copoly(ester-amide) to metal surfaces and which can withstand the high temperature which the metal is subjected to, prior to application of the hot melt adhesive. A need also exists for a primer or tie-coat which can be applied in essentially undiluted form free of toxic or flammable solvent.
These needs are met by means of a primer or tie coat of melamine formaldehyde resin which is not adversely affected by elevated temperatures and which enhances the adhesion of the filled block copoly(ester-amide) compositions to the metal substrate. The present invention is therefore directed to a process of improving the adhesion to a metal substrate of a block copoly(ester-amide) containing an inorganic particulate filler which comprises applying to the metal substrate sufficient etherified methylol melamine as a priming layer to enhance the adhesion of the block copoly(ester-amide) to the metal substrate, heating the metal substrate to a temperature in the range of about 150� - 300� C. and applying the filled block copoly(ester-amide) as a hot melt to the primed metal substrate, and cooling the filled block copoly(ester-amide) below its crystallization temperature.
Another aspect of the invention is directed to an article of manufacture comprising a metal substrate coated or filled with a block copoly(ester-amide) composition containing an inorganic filler, primed with sufficient etherified methylol melamine to enhance the bond between the metal substrate and the block copoly(ester-amide).
The etherified methylol melamine is prepared by condensing melamine with formaldehyde and etherifying the resultant methylolmelamine with methanol or a mixture of methanol and a C2 to C6 alcohol. The degree of methylolation is in the range of 5.0 to 6.0, the degree of etherification is in the range of about 3.0 to about 6.0 and the degree of methylation is at least about 2.0. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, these etherified methylol melamines are effective as a primer or tie coat to enhance the bond between metal substrates and the block copoly(ester-amide) composition while other materials such as etherified methylolureas and alkylated methylolmelamines with a low degree of methylation are ineffective.
The poly(ester-amide) component of the present invention is a block copolymer containing a crystalline segment and an amorphous segment as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,650,999 and 3,849,514, which patents are incorporated herein by reference. The block copolyester-amide contains a polyamide segment prepared by condensing an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diamine with an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid (or ester thereof) and a polyester segment prepared by condensing an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diol (or diester thereof) with an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid (or ester thereof).
In general, any aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic difunctional diamine can be used to prepare the prepolyamide. Examples of such diamines include polymethylenediamines of the formula H2 N(CH2)x NH2, wherein x is a positive integer of from 2 to 12 (such as dimethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, undecamethylenediamine, and dodecamethylenediamine); 1,1-, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamines); o-, m-, and p-xylene- α, α'-diamines; 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-cyclohexanediamines; 3-methylhexamethylenediamine; 3-methylheptamethylenediamine; 2,4-dimethylhexamethylenediamine; 2,4-toluenediamine; p,p'-diphenyldiamine; 1,4-dimethyl-3,5-diaminobenzene; 2,5-norcamphanebis(methylamine); o-, m-, and p-phenylenediamines; 2,5-, 2,6-and 2,7-naphthalenediamines; benzidine; 4,4'-methylenedianiline; and 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl. The N,N'-diphenyldiamines of U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,656 can also be employed.
In general, any aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic difunctional dicarboxylic acid (or esters thereof, as explained below) can also be used to prepare the prepolyamide and prepolyester. Examples of such acids include oxalic; malonic, dimethylmalonic; succinic; glutaric, adipic; trimethyl adipic; pimelic; 2,2-dimethylglutaric; azelaic, sebacic; suberic; fumaric; maleic; itaconic; 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic; 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic; 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic; 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic; phthalic; terephthalic; isophthalic; t-butyl isophthalic; 2,5-norbornanedicarboxylic; 1,4-naphthalic; diphenic; 4,4'-oxydibenzoic; diglycolic; theiodipropionic; 2,2,4-trimethyladipic; 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoic; 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic; 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic; and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acids. It will be understood that the corresponding esters of these acids are included in the term "dicarboxylic acid". Examples of these esters include dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic; dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate; dimethyl-4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoate; dimethyl isophthalate; dimethyl terephthalate; and diphenyl terephthalate. The polycarboxylic acids of U.S. Pat. No. 3,157,681 can also be used.
In general, any aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic difunctional diols can be used to prepare the prepolyester. Examples of such diols include ethylene glycol; propylene glycol; diethylene glycol; 1,2-propylene glycol; 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol; 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol; 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol; 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol; 1,3-butanediol; 1,6-hexanediol; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol; 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol; 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol; 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol; 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol; o-, m-, and p-xylylene diols; 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol; 4,4'-oxydiphenol; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol; and 2,5-naphthalenediol.
In general the selection of diamine and dicarboxylic acid for the polyamide segment and the selection of the diol and dicarboxylic acid for the polyester is limited only by the requirement that one segment is crystalline and has a melting point of at least about 180� C. and one segment is amorphous. The copoly(ester-amide) contains 10 to 70 percent by weight of polyamide segment and correspondingly, from 90 to 30 percent by weight of polyester segment. Preferably, it contains 30 to 70 percent by weight of polyamide segment and correspondingly, from 70 to 30 percent by weight of polyester segment. The inherent viscosity of the segment is at least 0.05 measured as a 0.5 gram solution in 100 ml of a 60/40 phenol/tetrachloroethane solvent pair at 25� C. (and the inherent viscosity of the copoly(ester-amide) is in the range of about 0.35 to about 0.95.
In a preferred embodiment, the polyester segment is crystalline and an inherent viscosity of from 0.05 to 0.70 is required in order to insure that the polyester will contribute the optimum crystalline structure to the final polymeric product. Polyesters with an intrinsic viscosity below 0.05 have a short chain length and cannot contribute the necessary crystalline structure to the final polymeric product which also comprises amorphous polyamide blocks. Inherent viscosities greater than about 0.70 require excessive reaction times or temperatures to form homogenous poly(ester-amides). Thus, it is impractical to use polyester reactants with intrinsic viscosities greater than 0.70 in the practice of the present invention. Moreover, excessive reaction times and temperatures tend to cause degradation of the polymer and a subsequent loss in adhesive properties.
The minimum melting point requirement of about 180� C. for the polyester reactant is necessary in order to insure that the final polymeric product has excellent thermal properties such as resistance to flow at elevated temperatures. Preferably, the melting point of the polyester is in the range of from 200� to 270� C.
Representation examples of high melting crystalline polyesters suitable for preparation of the preferred block copolyesters include polymeric ethylene terephthalate, neopentyl terephthalate, ethylene 2,6-naphthalate, tetramethylene terephthalate, tetramethylene 2,6-naphthalate, trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate, 1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate, and copolyesters, such as copolyesters of ethylene terephthalate containing at least 50 mol percent of ethylene terephthalate, such as 95/5, 90/10, 85/15 and 50/50 ethylene terephthalate-ethylene isophthalate copolyesters, ethylene terephthalate-ethylene adipate copolyesters, and ethylene terephthalate-ethylene hexahydroterephthalate copolyesters, tetramethylene terephthalate-tetramethylene azelate copolyesters containing at least 80 mol percent of tetramethylene terephthalate, 1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate-azelate copolyesters containing 70 to 90 mol percent of 1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate, copolyesters of ethylene 2,5- and 2,6-naphthalate containing from 80 to 90 mol percent of the ethylene naphthalate, such as ethylene, 2,5-naphthalate-ethylene azelate and ethylene 2,6-naphthalate-ethylene azelate copolyesters. These polyesters blocks can be derived from various dicarboxylic acids and various glycols. Representative examples of such acids are terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, the naphthalic acids, such as 2,6-, 2,7-, 2,8-, 1,5- and 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acids and other such acids which form high melting polyester resins. Examples of glycols are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexane diol, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol and other such glycols. High melting polymers containing components such as 2,2-dimethyl propane diol, form polyesters which have melting points above 234� C. Mixtures of the foregoing polyesters can also be used.
Preferably, a polyester from the following group is used to prepare the preferred polyesteramide component of the present invention:
Poly(ethylene terephthalate/isophthalate), 100/0 to 75/25;
Poly(hexamethylene terephthalate), 100/0 to 75/25;
Poly(ethylene/neopentyl terephthalate), 100/0 to 75/25;
Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate/isophthalate), 100/0 to 75/25;
Poly(tetramethylene/hexamethylene terephthalate), 100/0 to 75/25;
Poly(tetramethylene/neopentyl terephthalate), 100/0 to 75/25;
Poly(ethylene/propylene terephthalate), 100/0 to 60/40; and
Poly(tetramethylene-2,6-naphthalate/terephthalate), 100/0 to 75/25; etc.
The amide portion of the preferred polyester-amides is an amorphous block segment which contributes wettability, elasticity and rubber character to the adhesive composition. The polyamide portion of the preferred polyester-amide composition of the present invention is the reaction product of a C18 to C54 polycarboxylic acid and an aliphatic primary diamine. The polycarboxylic acids are well known in the art and are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,157,681 and other references. These materials are available commercially as mixtures of monobasic, dibasic and tribasic acid with the dibasic acid being present as the major component of the mixtures. These materials generally have a composition as follows:
______________________________________ Percent by Weight______________________________________C18 monobasic acids 0 - 10 (Monoacids)C36 dibasic acids 80 - 100 (Dimer acids)C54 and higher polybasic acids 0 - 10 (Trimer acids)______________________________________
The relative ratios of monomer, dimer and trimer in such unfractionated polymeric fat acids are dependent on the nature of the starting materials and the conditions of polymerization. For the purposes of this invention, the term polycarboxylic also includes mixtures of the mono, di and tribasic acids.
The aliphatic or alicyclic primary diamines used in the preferred block copolyester amides contain from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. These include ethylene diamine, 1,3-propane diamine, 1,4butanediamine, 1,5-pentane diamine, hexamethylene diamine, 1,10-decanediamine, cyclohexyldiamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine, etc.
Optionally up to 60 percent by weight of a linear aliphatic dibasic acid having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms may be substituted for a corresponding amount of the C18 to C54 polycarboxylic acid used to prepare this portion of the preferred polyesteramide. Examples of these acids would include oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, and sebacic acids. The advantage of substituting the C4 to C10 acids for the C18 to C54 acids is to permit more heterogenous character to the polyamide portion of the polymer in those applications where a more heterogenous character is desired.
The preferred poly(ester-amide) component of the present invention contains 30 to 70 percent by weight of polyamide segment and correspondingly, from 30 to 70 percent by weight of crystalline polyester segments. Preferably, it contains 30 to 60 percent by weight of polyamide segment and correspondingly, from 70 to 40 percent of crystalline polyester segments. The poly(ester-amides) are further characterized as having an inherent viscosity in the range of from 0.35 to 0.95 and more preferably from 0.40 to 0.6 when measured as a 0.5 gram solution of poly(ester-amide) in 100 ml. of a 60.40 phenol/tetrachloroethane solvent pair at 25� C. The glass transition temperature of these polymers as measured by DTA or DSC is in the range of -30� to 40� C.; the crystalline melting point as measured by DTA or DSC is in the range of from 155� to 225� C. and the melt viscosity at 220� C. is in the range of from 5000 to 65,000 centipoises. The poly(ester-amide) resins are soluble in a 60/40 phenol/tetrachloroethane solvent pair and insoluble in a 1/1 toluene/isoprophanol solvent pair. Moreover, the 1/1 toluene/isopropanol extractable content of the poly(ester-amide) resins is less than 2 percent. In view of the fact that the polyamide portion is soluble in toluene/isopropanol solvent pair the very low order of extractables for the poly(ester-amide) resins demonstrates that they are true block copolymers and not physical blends of polyester and polyamide segments.
The poly(ester-amide) is prepared by a one step or two step method. In the one step method the acid and amine components, which go to form the polyamide segments are polymerized in the presence of the polyester prepolymer. In the two step method the polyamide and polyester prepolymer segments are prepared separately and then reacted together to form the polyester-amide. These methods are discussed in greater detail in the working examples of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,650,999 and 3,849,514.
The morphological properties of the poly(ester-amides) are determined on a duPont differential thermal analyzer Model DTA 900 using the differential scanning calorimeter attachment, with a 5 to 25 mg sample heated at a rate of 20� C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The glass transition point (Tg) is the onset of the increase in specific heat of the polymer and is the intersection of the base line and the slope of increasing specific heat; the melting point (Tm) is the temperature observed at the apex of the melting endotherm peak.
The second component of the adhesive composition is a finely divided inorganic particulate filler selected from a wide variety of minerals, metals, metal oxides and metal salts such as silicates and aluminates. Such fillers include wollastonite, mullite, calcium magnesium silicates, aluminum silicate, quartz, cristobalite, calcium carbonate, etc.; metals such as aluminum, tin, titanium, copper, and zinc; metal oxides in general such as oxides of aluminum, tin, lead, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, chronium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc; heavy metal phosphates, sulfides, and sulfates, and basic mineral and mineral salts such as clays, calcined clays, spodumene, mica, montmorillonte, kaolinite, bentonite, hectorite, beidellite, attapulgite, chrysolite, garnet, saponite and hercynite. The inorganic filler may be of number average particle size in the range of 0.01 micron to 150 micron and is preferably of number average particle size in the range of 0.2 to 100 micron.
The fillers may optionally be treated with an effective amount of coupling agent by methods well known to those skilled in the art before they are blended into the poly(ester-amide). Such coupling agents include organosilane coupling agents exemplified by triethoxy vinylsilane, vinyl methyl dichlorosilane, 2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl methacrylate, 3-amino-1-triethoxysilyl) propane, etc.; organotitanium coupling agents such as the alkyl alkanoyl titanates exemplified by C1 to C40 alkyl stearyl titanates; fatty acids exemplified by oleic and stearic acid; and fatty amides exemplified by oleamide and stearamide. These coupling agents can cause a significant reduction in the melt viscosity of the polymer filler mix, can improve the wetting and dispersion of filler, and can enhance the physical properties of the adhesive composition.
The amount of inorganic filler which is dispersed in the poly(ester-amide) is sufficient to improve the high temperature creep resistance of the polymer without causing unmanageable rheology. It is preferably in the range of about 30 to about 70 parts by weight of inorganic filler dispersed in about 70 to about 30 parts by weight of poly(ester-amide). The melt viscosity of the hot melt composition containing the inorganic filler is preferably less than about 150,000 centipoises at a temperature of 232� C. and a shear rate of 3-4 sec.-1 measured in a Brookfield Thermocel Unit Model HBT. Above 150,000 centipoise melt viscosity, the hot melt is difficult to apply and spread, and tends to be dragged from the point of application.
The filler may be blended into the block copoly(ester-amide) by any of the methods known to those skilled in the art of blending rather high ratios of fillers with rather viscous polymers such as those described herein, using batch or continuous blending. A good mix is considered to have been obtained if the filler particles are evenly distributed throughout the melt. In poor mixes, the filler particles are not adequately wet by the melt, and are not evenly distributed, remaining aggregated within the melt.
Particularly for adhesive compositions which are to be subjected to sanding, the preferred fillers are finely divided spheroidal metal powders selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, mild steel, stainless steel and zinc, and the particle size of these metal powders is in the range of 0.2 micron to 150 micron, preferably in the range of 4 to 100 micron. The preferred metal filler is atomized aluminum particularly when the adhesive composition is used for cavity filling since it allows the hot melt composition to be readily smoothed and burnished when it is sanded.
In addition to improving the creep resistance of the poly(ester-amide) component, metallic fillers improve the rate of melting of the adhesive composition, allow the composition to be applied and spread more easily with less pressure, impart longer "open" time between application of the hot melt and closing of the bond and higher "green" strength or faster onset of bond strength, and reduce the degree of shrinkage of the adhesive composition when it is cooled from the hot melt temperature to ambient temperature. When the composition is used to fill cavities, it can be readily sanded as discussed above, withstands extremes of temperature and humidity, is exceptionally solvent resistant and is readily painted without absorbing solvent, swelling, and blistering.
The hot melt adhesive compositions disclosed herein find widespread utility wherever hot melt adhesives are used. They are especially valuable in those applications where resistance to creep at elevated temperatures is a necessary requirement. The adhesive compositions may be used to great advantage to bond a variety of substrates including metal, glass, synthetic and natural textiles, leathers, synthetic polymeric sheet material, wood, paper, etc.
When the filled adhesive compositions are applied to metal substrates in such applications as cavity filling, a tie coat or primer has been found necessary to prevent bond failure at low temperatures particularly below 0� F. (-18� C.) and indeed such primers or tie coats are advantageous at temperatures above 0� F. (-18� C.) because they can cause an appreciable enhancement in peel strength. The tie coat comprises an etherified methylolmelamine in which the degree of methylolation is in the range of about 5 to about 6 and the degree of etherification of the methylolmelamine is in the range of about 3 to about 6, the ether being formed by methods conventional in the melamine aminoplast art, by condensation of the methylolmelamine with methanol or mixtures of methanol and a C2 to C6 alkanol or cycloalkanol such as ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, etc., or mixtures thereof, to provide mixed ethers wherein the degree of etherification by methanol is at least about 2.
These etherified methylol melamines are not considered to be resinous materials since they are, as individual entities, pure compounds or at most oligomers with an average degree of polymerization of no more than about 3, but they are potential resin-forming compounds which enter into self condensation and into chemical reaction with compounds which contain reactive groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and primary or secondary amide when subjected to heat and particularly when subjected to heat under acidic conditions. The concept of the degree of methylolation and etherification will be discussed here in order that this concept may be fully understood.
Theoretically, it is possible to methylolate melamine fully, that is to produce hexamethylol melamine. However, frequently a composition purporting to be hexamethylol melamine, when analyzed shows a fractional degree of methylolation. It is well recognized that fractional methylolation is not considered to be possible. As a consequence, when a composition possesses on analysis a degree of methylolation of 5.75, 5.80 or even 5.90, it has to be recognized that this is but an average degree of the methylolation of the melamine compound and establishes logically that the aforementioned methylol composition is composed of a mixture of a preponderant amount of hexamethylol melamine with comparatively minor amounts of pentamethylol melamine and perhaps insignificant amounts including traces of such derivatives as tetramethylol melamine and even trimethylol melamine. The same concept of averages is also applicable to the alkylation or etherification of the methylol melamine composition. There cannot be, based on present reasoning, a fractional alkylation and, as a consequence, when on analysis, a hexamethylol melamine for example shows that the degree of methylation is 3.5, it must be concluded that there is present in such a composition principally trimethyl and tetramethyl ethers of hexamethylol melamine, some dimethyl and pentamethyl ethers and slight amounts of monomethyl and hexamethyl ethers. Thus, the etherified methylol melamines within the scope of the invention include rather complex mixtures of substantially methylolated melamine and methylolated melamine oligomers etherified so that the average degree of etherification or number of alkoxy groups per melamine unit is in the range of about 3 to about 6 and the average degree of methylation is at least about 2. Because of their reactivity and because they generate a relatively small amount of condensation volatiles, the methylolmelamines alkylated only with methanol are preferred.
While any metal surface is suitable for coating or filling with the block copoly(ester-amide) composition, preferred metals include ferous metals such as iron, mild steel and stainless steel and aluminum, brass, copper, tin and tin plate.
The amount of etherified methylolmelamine which is applied to the metal substrate can vary within wide limits. As a practical matter, it should be sufficient to enhance the peel strength of the bond between the filled block copoly(ester-amide) without reducing the lap bond strength to undesirably low values. As little as 1 g. per square meter enhances the peel strength, and as much as 166 g. per square meter has been found to give a beneficial balance of peel and lap bond strengths. Preferably the amount should be in the range of from 5 g. per square meter to 25 g. per square meter.
The etherified methylolmelamine can be applied as a solution in water or an inert organic solvent or as a dispersion in water or inert organic medium or it can be applied as a liquid or melt in the essentially undiluted state. It is preferred to apply the etherified methylolmelamine in the essentially undiluted form to avoid the need to drive off water or organic solvent. Application can be effected by dipping, spraying, brushing, rolling or by any other means conventional in the art of surface coating.
After the etherified methylolmelamine has been applied to the metal substrate and if appropriate allowed to dry, the primed metal substrate is heated to a suitable temperature to convert the etherified methylolmelamine from the liquid to the solid state and is maintained at such temperature to facilitate wetting of the surface by the filled block copoly(ester-amide) when it is applied to the primed surface. This temperature will generally be selected in the range of about 150� to 300� C. and will preferably be above the melting point of the copoly(ester-amide) but below the point where substantial decomposition of the etherified methylolmelamine or block copoly(ester-amide) can occur and will be selected also to advance the etherified methylolmelamine to the solid state without causing excessive crosslinking or embrittlement of the etherified methylolmelamine prior to application of the block copoly(ester-amide) composition. Heating is effected in any convenient manner such as by oven baking, by application of a hot air stream, or by cautious application of an open flame. Further, to avoid excessive crosslinking or embrittlement which causes the etherified methylolmelamine to flake from the substrate, it is preferred to use the etherified methylolmelamine without the addition of acid catalyst which could promote excessive self-condensation of the melamine compound during the heating step.
When the metal substrate has reached the desired temperature, the filled block copoly(ester-amide) is applied as a hot melt by any suitable means such as by the applicator guns which are conventional in the art and is spread by knife or trowel to provide a smooth coating. The metal article is then cooled and is ready for further treatment such as sanding and/or painting.
The following examples are set forth in illustration of this invention and should not be construed as a limitation thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.
Lap bond tensile strength is determined by ASTM Test Method D-1002-72.
Measurement of peel strength is based on ASTM Test Method D-1876-61T (T-peel test).
Mild steel shim stock 2.54 cm. wide, 75 microns in thickness is coated with primer resin to provide a coating weight of 25 g. per square meter. The coating is heated at 225� C. for 5 minutes and the filled polyester/amide melt at 225� C. is coated on to the coated steel panels. The bond is closed, and excessive adhesive squeezed out and removed by wiping with hand pressure. The bond is cooled to room temperature. The bond is annealed at 90� C. for 1 hour, then tested after conditioning for 24 hours at 73� F., 50% R.H. The bond is then peeled at a rate of 25.4 cm. per minute and peel adhesion is recorded as gram/cm.
A block copolymer which is approximately 60 percent by weight crystalline polyethylene terephthalate segments and 40 percent by weight amorphous polyamide made from dimer acid and hexamethylene diamine is prepared in two steps. In the first step 157.5 parts (0.272 mol) of a C36 dibasic acid and 30.8 parts (0.266 mol) of 1,6-hexane diamine are charged to a reaction vessel and heated with agitation at about 215� C. for 1 hour to form a polyamide resin. During the first 30 minutes the pressure rises to 264 g/cm2 after which time the reaction vessel is vented to reduce the pressure to 158 g/cm2. At the end of one hour the pressure is released and 269 parts of a crystalline polyethylene terephthalate (M.P.=260� C./inherent viscosity 0.147) and 5.9 parts (0.095 mol) of ethylene glycol are charged to the vessel along with a minor amount of an antioxidant. The vessel is flushed with nitrogen and the mixture is heated to about 280� C. while maintaining a nitrogen pressure of 70 g/cm2. After 0.5 hour the vessel is vented and vacuum applied and the reaction is continued under full vacuum (0.1 to 5 mm. of mercury) for two hours. At the end of this time the resulting molten poly(ester-amide) is discharged under pressure into a water bath to quench the material. The polymer obtained melts at 185� C. and the inherent viscosity is 0.50. To a stainless steel reactor fitted with an anchor agitator and a jacketed hot oil heating system is added 100 parts by weight of the poly(ester-amide) and heating is begun. When the contents have reached 250� C., agitation is begun at 60 rpm and 100 parts by weight dry aluminum powder (Alcoa Atomized Powder 123) is fed into the mass at a rate of 10 parts by weight per minute. The agitation is continued and the temperature raised to 266� C. under a nitrogen blanket. Agitation is continued for 15 minutes after the second addition is completed and the molten mass is discharged under slight N2 pressure (70 g/cm2) quenched in a bath, ground and redried. This material is used as a hot melt to fill dents and orifices in large metal structures. After application it is cooled to room temperature, sanded smooth with 80 grit tungsten carbide abrasive and painted with an automotive topcoat. No "telegraphing" is observed.
In a sigma-bladed mixer heated by a hot oil external jacket is placed 5.0 parts by weight poly(ester-amide) of Example 1. Heat is applied and at 216� C. agitation is begun. When the mass is molten, 5.0 parts by weight of aluminum powder of average particle size 15 to 19 microns, sold by the Aluminum Company of America under the tradename Alcoa Atomized Powder No. 123) is fed over a period of 10 minutes. After addition is completed, heating and agitation is continued for 15 minutes. At this point heating is stopped and under agitation cooling is begun. With agitation under cooling the molten mass becomes friable and breaks up into free flowing aggregate mixture ranging in size from 1/16 to 1/2inches. This material is suitable for application as an adhesive or body filling compound when remelted.
A preblended mixture of 100 parts of the block copoly(ester-amide) of Example 1 and 100 parts of aluminum powder (Alcoa Powder No. 123) is fed from a hopper continuously into a Farrel Continuous Mixer whose temperature controls are set at 216� C. The mass is continuously discharged (estimated hold up time 8-10 minutes) on a cooled conveyor belt and ground. Alternately the extruded ribbon is conveyed into a cooling bath, air blown, dried and ground in conventional grinding equipment. The free flowing aggregate is suitable for use as an adhesive and/or void filling compound when remelted and applied to a suitable substrate.
In the following examples, mild steel panels are coated with a series of tie-coat resins and the filled polyesteramide of Example 3 is applied as a hot melt and the peel adhesion is determined in the manner set forth above. Examples 4-6 are within the scope of the invention. Examples 7-18 are provided for comparative purposes. In Example 7 the tie-coat is an etherified methylolmelamine with a degree of methylolation less than 1; in Examples 8-10 the tie-coats are methylated methylolureas. In Examples 11 and 12 the tie-coats are polyesteramides applied from a solution and melt; in Examples 13-16 the tie-coats are organosilanes and in Example 17, the tie-coat is a phenolic resin. The data are presented in Tables 1 and 2. In every case the tie-coats of Examples 7-17 provide appreciably poorer peel adhesion than Examples 4-6 which are within the scope of the invention. Examples 18-19 illustrate that acid treatment of the mild steel panels gives no improvement in peel adhesion.
TABLE 1______________________________________ADHESION OF FILLED POLYESTERAMIDETO MILD STEEL:AMINOPLAST TIE-COATS Peel Lap ShearExam- Adhesion Strengthple Tie-Coat g per cm kg per cm2______________________________________-- None 179 1764 M:F:MeOH; 1:5.5:5.3* 3570 1785 M:F:MeOH; 1:5.7:5.5 4465 1236 M:F:MeOH; 1:5.6:2.2:2.7 3036 1697 M:F:MeOH:BuOH; 1:5.6:0.4:3.5 714 --8 U:F:MeOH; 1:2.3:1.64 179 --9 U:F:MeOH; 1:2.33:1.64 179 --10 U:F:MeOH; 1:2.55:1.82 179 -- M = Melamine F = Formaldehyde MeOH - Methanol BuOH = Butanol U = Urea______________________________________ *Ratios are combined mole ratios.
TABLE 2______________________________________EFFECT OF TIE-COATS ON ADHESION OF FILLEDPOLYESTERAMIDE TO MILD STEEL______________________________________ Peel AdhesionEx. Tie-Coat g per cm______________________________________-- None 179 4 M:F:MeOH; 1:5.7:5.5 446511 Copolyesteramide solution of Example 1 44612 Copolyesteramide melt of Example 1 142913 A-174 Silane (Union Carbide Corporation) 17914 A-1120 Silane (Union Carbide Corporation) 35715 AP-133 Silane (Union Carbide Corporation) 17916 A-186 Silane (Union Carbide Corporation) 35717 Phenolic resin P-97 (Monsanto Co.) 89518 Solder flux 17919 H2 SO4 - H3 PO4 179______________________________________
In further illustration of the invention the effect of an etherified methylolmelamine with a degree of methylolation of 5.7, and degree of methylation of 5.5, applied in the fashion of Example 4 as a tie-coat between the filled copolyesteramide of Example 3 and various metal substrates is set forth in Table 3. The adhesion is significantly greater than when the tie-coat is omitted.
TABLE 3______________________________________EFFECT OF MELAMINE RESIN ON ADHESION OFCOPOLYESTERAMIDE TO METAL SUBSTRATE______________________________________ Peel Adhesion of Polyesteramide, g per cmExample Substrate Tie-Coat No Tie-Coat______________________________________20 Aluminum 1607 53621 Brass 1607 <17922 Stainless Steel 3750 <179______________________________________
In Examples 23-25, the copolyesteramide of Example 1 is blended with different amounts of aluminum filler in the manner setforth in Example 3. The effect of the etherified methylolmelamine used in Examples 20-22, applied in the fashion of Example 4 as a tie-coat between the filled copolyesteramides and mild steel panels is set forth in Table 4.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ADHESION OF COPOLYESTERAMIDE WITHVARIOUS FILLER CONTENT Peel Adhesion ofAluminum Filler Filled Resin g per cmExampleParts per 100 parts copolyesteramide Tie-Coat No Tie-Coat__________________________________________________________________________23 50 2800 53624 100 3036 17925 150 2322 179__________________________________________________________________________
A mild steel panel is brushed with a coarse wire brush to remove surface oil and the occasional rust spot. The panel is heated to 100� C. with a naked flame and methylated methylolmelamine with degree of methylolation of 5.7 and degree of methylation of 5.5 is applied with a paint brush and the excess is wiped off with cotton gauze to provide a coat of 20 g. per square meter. The panel is baked for 15 minutes at 215� C. in a forced air oven. The panel is then maintained at 225� to 250� C. by application of a naked flame and the filled composition of Example 3, heated to 250� C. is pumped onto the plate by a hot melt applicator, and trowelled to a smooth surface. The surface is cooled, and can be sanded and painted by conventional methods. The coating cannot be pried from the panel at temperatures in the range of -20� to +50� C.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 15, 1970
|Mar 21, 1972
|Monsanto Co
|Poly(ester-amide) block copolymer hot melt adhesives
|Sep 5, 1969
|Nov 19, 1974
|Eastman Kodak Co
|Block polyester-polyamide copolymers
|Jun 11, 1973
|Apr 15, 1975
|Lubrizol Corp
|Treatment of metal surfaces with aqueous solution of melamine-formaldehyde composition
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 26, 1978
|Sep 2, 1980
|Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
|Method of metallic finishing
|Mar 2, 1979
|Apr 14, 1981
|Rolland Paban
|Process for the protection of galleries
|Dec 14, 1981
|Feb 15, 1983
|American Cyanamid Company
|High solids polymer resin coating composition containing amino resin cross-linking agent
|Feb 4, 1983
|Apr 17, 1984
|Monsanto Company
|Bonded reinforced plastic structures
|Feb 4, 1983
|Apr 17, 1984
|Monsanto Company
|Bonded plastic structures
|Feb 4, 1983
|Nov 13, 1984
|Monsanto Company
|Bonded reinforced plastic structures
|Oct 1, 1984
|Sep 17, 1985
|Monsanto Company
|Process bonded reinforced plastic structures
|Apr 1, 1998
|Jun 8, 1999
|Borden Chemical, Inc.
|Benzoxazine polymer composition
|May 4, 1998
|Dec 31, 2002
|Cryovac, Inc.
|Multiple layer film with amorphous polyamide layer
|Aug 2, 2002
|Feb 22, 2005
|Cryovac, Inc.
|Multiple layer film with amorphous polyamide layer
|Feb 28, 2011
|Apr 10, 2012
|Evonik Degussa Gmbh
|Hybrid components containing reactive hotmelt adhesives
|Aug 2, 2002
|Aug 7, 2003
|Musco Carlo E.
|Multiple layer film with amorphous polyamide layer
|Jun 16, 2011
|Evonik Degussa Gmbh
|Hybrid components containing reactive hotmelt adhesives
|May 15, 2013
|May 21, 2015
|Three Bond Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
|Curable resin composition and primer composition
|Sep 28, 1979
|Apr 16, 1980
|Monsanto Company
|Block copolymer hot melt adhesive compositions, a method of filling a cavity therewith, and a substrate with a cavity filled with such a composition
|Oct 1, 1979
|Apr 16, 1980
|Monsanto Company
|Block copolymer hot melt adhesive compositions, a method of filling a cavity in a substrate therewith, and a substrate with a cavity filled with such a composition
|Oct 1, 1979
|Apr 16, 1980
|Monsanto Company
|Block copolymer hot melt adhesive composition and method of filling a cavity
|Oct 1, 1979
|Apr 16, 1980
|Monsanto Company
|A hot melt adhesive composition and a process for filling a cavity in a substrate with this composition
|Jan 29, 2014
|Aug 7, 2014
|Evonik Industries Ag
|Method for producing a metal-plastic hybrid component
|U.S. Classification
|428/460, 427/388.3, 427/409, 428/480
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
The Slime That Would Not Die
The Slime That Would Not Die
Grosset & Dunlap, Paperback, 9780448449128, 143pp.
Publication Date: August 6, 2009
List Price: $4.99*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Buy at Local Store
Enter your zip code below to purchase from an indie close to you.
Not Currently Available for Direct Purchase
Jesse Ranger was just an average kid with an obsession for Oswald Leery?s B-Monster movies until he discovered a dangerous secret. It turns out Leery?s special filming process brought his movie monsters to life and now they?ve escaped the screen! Something must be done, so Leery recruits Jesse, Stella, Damon, and Lindsey to help. But how do you trap a B-Monster, especially one made up of slime?
About the Author
Laura Dower is the author of "For Girls Only: Everything Great About Being a Girl". She has written more than ninety books for young readers of all ages from picture books to young adult fiction and nonfiction and is the author of the popular series "From the Files of Madison Finn". Laura was born in Massachusetts, and graduated from Columbia University. After a procession of odd jobs babysitting, waitressing, coffee-making, switchboard-operating she worked in children s publishing for many years before becoming a full-time author. She lives in Yonkers, New York with her husband and three children. In her spare time, she is a Cub Scout den leader and Girl Scout Brownie troop co-leader.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Why should home care be the theme on Understanding and Remembrance Day for Severe ME on August 8? Helen Brownlie of the 25% ME Group has written an explanation for Phoenix Rising ...
Discuss the article on the Forums.
peroxynitrite more involved than realized ?
Discussion in 'Detox: Methylation; B12; Glutathione; Chelation' started by vortex, Mar 20, 2014.
Page 1 of 7
Page 1 of 7


text:
October 3, 2012
The American Moving & Storage Association has launched a public-private program to address a national shortage of long-distance moving van drivers.
We offer e-newsletters that deliver targeted news and information for the entire fleet industry.
The expert, Mark Betner from CITGO, will answer your questions
The expert, Brian Fletcher from Eaton, will answer your questions
Air Lift Offers Air Spring Kits for Ram ProMaster
Rotary Lift Incoporates Speed Into In-Ground Lift
Frame Rack Accommodates Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Noregon Releases JPro Professional 2016 Version 2


text:
An Array of Utopian Flowers
- Vasif Adigezalov's Mad Mugham Laboratory of Classical Music
Posted on June 20, 2016 | 3 Comments
- Monte Schulz's Beautiful Jazz Age Tragedy in 'Crossing Eden'
Posted on June 14, 2016 | No Comments
- Geo-Fauvism and Anthropocene: Altered Planet, Wild Literature
Posted on June 4, 2016 | 1 Comment
- Old Town Auburn, Portrait of a Gold Rush Town
Posted on May 29, 2016 | No Comments
- Recapturing Our Air Pollution Agency from the Fossil Fuel Lobby
Posted on May 20, 2016 | 1 Comment
- Vasif Adigezalov's Mad Mugham Laboratory of Classical Music
Subscribe to WildNotes: Stay Connected!
WilderUtopia in 64 Languages
Support WilderUtopia
Daily Dose of the Wild
Support WilderUtopia
Twittering From the Trees
Upcoming Events
Stop Oil Trains Week of Action 2016 -- North America
July 6 to 12
Stop Oil Trains Los Angeles Day of Action 2016 -- Los Angeles
July 10
Netroots Nation 2016 -- Saint Louis, MO
July 14 to 17
March for a Clean Energy Revolution -- Philadelphia, PA
July 24
L.A. River Bike Toxic Tour -- East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice, Los Angeles, CA
July 30
No Phillips 66 Tar Sands Oil Trains in California -- Hearing in San Luis Obispo
Sept 22
School of the Americas Watch -- Convergence at the US/Mexico Border -- Nogales, AZ
Oct 7 to 10See Events of the Wild for a complete calendar.
Energy Archive
Argentina: The Second Conquest of Patagonia's IndigenousPosted on September 29, 2013 | No CommentsDocumentary film on indigenous communities in Chubut province in Patagonia, Argentina, their struggle over land rights and the threats from mining its mineral wealth, cutting its trees and development by other multinational interests.
Geek Alert: That Computer Cloud is Diesel-Powered – By Jerry CollamerPosted on October 4, 2012 | No CommentsThat magic iCloud, our e-brilliance is being beamed up to, ain't no cloud, but warehouses stuffed with memory-servers kept running 24-7 by mammoth banks of polluting diesel generators.
Winona LaDuke – The Pipeline for the One PercentPosted on November 14, 2011 | 1 CommentKeystone XL, touted to bring jobs and energy security, will do neither. Even if the pipeline never spilled, even if the tar sands weren't an environmental atrocity, this would still be a bad deal for the US public.
Australia's Wild Kimberley Fights IndustrializationPosted on July 13, 2011 | 1 CommentTraditional Goolarabooloo and Jabirr Jabirr land custodians from the Kimberley, Western Australia, have voiced concerns about the proposed $30 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) project at Walmadan or James Price Point. They say turning their coast into a gas hub will have devastating impacts on wildlife and nearby communities.
Guatemala: Biofuels Production Leads to Violent EvictionsPosted on March 22, 2011 | 4 CommentsThousands of Mayan Q'eqchi villagers were violently evicted from 14 communities, to make way for 'for export' agribusiness initiatives, particularly production of sugar cane and African palm trees aimed at biofuel promotion.
Fukushima Nuclear Meltdown Disaster UnfoldsPosted on March 13, 2011 | 3 CommentsJapan's earthquake and tsunami have triggered meltdowns at several nuclear reactors, increased radiation levels, evacuations of hundreds of thousands of people in the face of radiation exposures already being reported.


text:
NW-Indiana police investigate death of man in tent
BROOK, Ind. - Authorities in northwestern Indiana are investigating the death of a man whose body was found in a tent outside a residence.
Newton County Coroner Scott McCord says emergency responders in the town of Brook found 37-year-old Jaysen Wayne Kolodziej unresponsive Saturday morning.
The (Munster) Times reports a preliminary investigation by the coroner and Brook police point to an accidental drug overdose as the cause of death.
An autopsy and toxicology tests are scheduled for Monday.
Brook is located about 50 miles south of Gary.
Indiana abortion law blocked by federal judge
A federal judge has blocked Indiana's new abortion restrictions from taking effect.
Police: Weekend will be safer after arrests
The Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department rolled out phase two of "Operation First Step," focusing on criminals who've…
Noodles & Co. customers data possibly at risk
Noodles & Company announced Thursday that payment information from debit and credit cards used at certain restaurant locations between…
Cooler than normal temps again today
Enjoy today, rain returns to the forecast tomorrow.
Woman attacks police when she can't access road
A woman was arrested after police say she attacked them because she couldn't pass through a blocked road.


text:
India begin SAG campaign on mixed note
Dhaka: Regional behemoth India`s 11th South
Asian Games campaign got off to a bitter-sweet start today
with their women football team whipping Sri Lanka here but
their men`s squad went down to Afghanistan in Chittagong.
The women`s team rode on Moriangthem`s hat-trick to pound
Sri Lanka 8-1 at the Bir Shrestha Mostafa Kamal Stadium here
but their male counterparts went down 0-1 to Afghanistan at
the M A Aziz Stadium in Chittagong.
Competition was held only in football discipline today.
The match between the Indian eves and their Sri Lankan
counterparts was a lop-sided affair with Moriangthem striking
in the ninth, 56th and 59th minutes.
Among her teammates, Naoba Chaun scored back-to-back
goals in the 82nd and 83rd minutes, while Sasmita (45th),
Yumnam (51st) and Pinky Bompal (90+1) completed the rout.
Sri Lanka reduced the margin through Pushpa Ekanayaka in
the 74th minute.
Indian men`s team, however, began their campaign with a
defeat with Belal Arezou scoring the winner.
More from India
More from World
More from Sports
More from Entertaiment
- NT Awards 2016: Zee News bags 5 honours in various categories
- NT Awards 2016: Zeenews.com bags 'Best News Channel Website' honour
- NT Awards 2016: Zeenews.com bags 'Best News Channel Website' honour
- Son of Kota Central jail prisoner clears IIT entrance exam
- Cabinet approves Act allowing malls, restaurants, theaters to stay open 24×7
- US polls: Barack Obama to campaign with Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump shrinks gap
- NSG membership: We 'regret' India's failure in Seoul but won't give up, says US
- Vladimir Putin lifts Turkey travel restrictions after phone call with Recep Tayyip Erdogan
- Two-wheeler drivers not wearing helmets won't get petrol in these Kerala cities - Details inside
- Government releases 25 more declassified files related to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose


text:
The pan was damged I fixed it then damged again and fixed it again I'm not sure if I filled it enouph can't tell cuz cold ,warm or hot fluid is all over the dip stick
transsmion sometimes shifts hard and now willn't shift to 3 or 4 not sure which on 1995 Nissan Quest
0 answers
Related Content
This week's top 10
Recent Nissan Quest Questions
- What causes the engine to stall
- Dot matrix liquid crystal display blank
- What do I check to get van to crank?
- how do you fix a thumping noise on the driver side that make stirring very har
- My nissan is leaking gas and it is leaking coolant,whats the problem? how much it costs to get fixed,and will it blow up by driving it?
- Questions
- ›
- Nissan
- ›
- Quest
- ›
- 1995 Nissan Quest
- ›
- transsmion sometimes shifts hard and now willn't shift to 3 or 4 not sure which


text:
Remember me
Forgot password?
Log in with Facebook
Log in with Twitter
Digital Journal
Digital Journal
Log In
must read articles
B2B News
Criss Angel
toronto blue jays rumors
AlBonyan AlMarsoos
Chelsea Dash
nfl rumors
Judi dench
Chipotle Mexican Grill
US drone strikes
Auto News
Tata Motors profits soar on strong Jaguar Land Rover sales
By AFP
Mumbai - India's largest carmaker Tata Motors reported a three-fold increase in quarterly profits Monday, boosted by strong sales of luxury British unit Jaguar Land Rover and a one-off insurance payment.
Hamilton, Rosberg crash out in Barcelona clash
By AFP
Barcelona - World championship leader Nico Rosberg and his Mercedes team-mate Lewis Hamilton collided and retired in a sensational crash on the opening lap at Sunday's Spanish Grand Prix.
Dutch 'monster truck' stuntman jailed after killing three
By AFP
Den Haag - The stuntman driver of a souped-up monster truck which ploughed into a crowd during a show in the Netherlands killing three people was jailed for 15 months on Friday, court officials said.
Motorsport boss Todt wants road deaths to be seen as 'pandemic'
By AFP
Davos - The head of Formula One's ruling body, Jean Todt, said Friday he was lobbying the rich and powerful to support his mission to have road accident deaths considered a "pandemic".
Pope prays for Schumacher recovery
By AFP
Vatican City - Pope Francis prayed for racing legend Michael Schumacher on Thursday as he offered his backing for a Formula One-led road safety campaign aimed at reducing the number of children killed by cars.
Pope prays for Schumacher recovery
By AFP
Vatican City - Pope Francis prayed for racing legend Michael Schumacher on Thursday as he offered his backing for a Formula One-led road safety campaign aimed at reducing the number of children killed by cars.
Renault shares plunge after failed pollution tests, raids
By AFP
Paris - Shares in Renault plunged by 10 percent Thursday after the company's diesel cars failed government-ordered pollution tests and investigators raided its facilities, raising fears the French carmaker could be caught up in an emissions scandal.
Boy among seriously injured in Dakar Rally crash
By AFP
Buenos Aires - A ten-year-old boy and his father were seriously injured when a speeding car smashed into spectators during the prologue of the Dakar Rally on Saturday.
Domino's unveils the ultimate pizza delivery vehicle
Karen Graham
Using crowd-sourcing, one pizza company solved the problem of designing the perfect delivery vehicle, one with a warming oven built-in that brings the pizza fresh to a customer's door at just the perfect temperature.
Hacking sends shivers through brave new world of digital cars
By AFP
Frankfurt - The connected car may be catching everyone's imagination at this year's IAA auto show. But the new technology also brings with it new dangers, such as hacking.
Spanish police arrest man caught speeding in Facebook video
By AFP
Madrid - Spanish police have arrested a man for speeding after spotting a video on Facebook of him driving at 184 kilometres (115 miles) an hour, police said Sunday.
Suspects get away after high-speed chase through eight Autobahns
By AFP
Berlin - Several men in a stolen Audi sparked a high-speed chase through eight motorways in Germany, police said on Friday, with the suspects getting away despite having more than a dozen patrol cars on their trail.
Jules Bianchi funeral on Tuesday
By AFP
Paris - The funeral of Jules Bianchi, the French Formula One driver who died after spending nine months in a coma following a crash at last season's Japanese Grand Prix, will be held in his home city of Nice on Tuesday.
French F1 driver Jules Bianchi dies, nine months after crash
By AFP
Paris - French Formula One driver Jules Bianchi died Friday night from head injuries he suffered in a crash at last season's Japanese Grand Prix, after spending nine months in a coma.
Slovak makers of flying car press on after crash
By AFP
Bratislava - Slovak tech firm AeroMobil is working on a new prototype of its flying car, weeks after the vehicle of the future spread its wings and crashed during a test flight.
Google, ex-F1 boss Max Mosley settle sex party image row
By AFP
Berlin - Google and ex-Formula One boss Max Mosley have settled a dispute over images from a sadomasochistic orgy he took part in, the US tech giant and Mosley's German lawyer said Friday.
Rockstar Games have 'about 45 years worth of ideas' for GTA VI
James Walker
Rockstar Games have announced that they already "have some ideas" for the next major installment in the massive gaming franchise Grand Theft Auto. It appears as though GTA VI is beginning to enter early development.
U.S.-Cuba thaw could spell end for island's iconic cars
By AFP
Havana - Cuba's iconic stock of refurbished vintage American sedans from the 1950s may be facing their last trips to the garage soon, following the historic thawing of ties between Havana and Washington.
Strained mood at Russian Grand Prix ahead of Putin visit
By AFP
Sochi - The inaugural Russian Grand Prix will take place on Sunday in a strained atmosphere, part-subdued and part-celebratory, amid high security and dramatic speculation, all intensified when, as expected, president Vladimir Putin arrives in the paddock befo...
Third death from Dutch 'monster truck' accident
By AFP
Den Haag - A third person has died after a souped-up "monster truck" ploughed into a crowd during a show in the Netherlands, the local mayor said Monday, with five people critically injured.
Grand Theft Auto V for PC could include first-person viewpoint
James Walker
After Grand Theft Auto V launched on Xbox 360 and PS3 last year, Xbox One, PS4 and PC releases are now finally close with new features and content. A report circulating online suggests that the new PC content could be more than anyone expected though.
Schumacher moved home from hospital for further care, family says
By AFP
Geneva - Former Formula One champion Michael Schumacher has left a Swiss hospital and will continue his treatment at home after a devastating ski accident in December, his family said Tuesday.
F1 chief Ecclestone ends bribery trial with $100-mn payment
By AFP
Munich - A German court ruled Tuesday that Formula One tycoon Bernie Ecclestone can make a controversial $100-million payment to end his trial on bribery charges.
German court accepts $100-mn Ecclestone offer to settle bribery case
By AFP
Munich - A German court ruled Tuesday that Formula One tycoon Bernie Ecclestone may pay a $100-million settlement to end his trial on bribery charges.
French police probe Schumacher medical records theft
By AFP
Grenoble - French police have opened a criminal probe into the alleged theft of medical records related to Michael Schumacher's treatment after a ski crash in December.
Schumacher moved to Swiss hospital after emerging from coma
By AFP
Lausanne - Formula One champion Michael Schumacher was transferred from a French hospital to a facility in Switzerland on Monday after emerging from a coma following his devastating ski accident in December.
Three Central California teens die in car wreck
Nathan Salant
Modesto - Three teens from the Central California city of Modesto were killed late Thursday when their car struck a tree and caught fire after a short police pursuit.
F1 boss Ecclestone denies bribery at German trial
By AFP
Munich - Formula One supremo Bernie Ecclestone went on trial in Germany on Thursday, denying bribery charges that threaten to land the British billionaire in jail.
20 injured as car crashes into Florida church
By AFP
Fort Myers - A runaway car plowed into a Florida church, smashing through a wall and injuring around 20 worshippers attending Easter services, police said on Monday.
GM chief creates new team to boost vehicle safety
By AFP
New York - General Motors chief executive Mary Barra announced Tuesday the creation of a new team to enhance safety in the wake of an ignition-recall scandal that has engulfed the company.
apis-307313 apis-306029 apis-303430 apis-295746 apis-294958 apis-294958 apis-294930 apis-293888 apis-287326 apis-283966 apis-283445 apis-282625 apis-278267 apis-278187 apis-274353 apis-272597 apis-263983 apis-260363 apis-254003 apis-252996 apis-252393 apis-251307 apis-248033 apis-248020 apis-243711 apis-242884 apis-238171 apis-237925 apis-237672 apis-237184
Set up a news alert for
Auto Image
Tesla Roadster.
Digital Journal
File photo: Looking under the hood of a hydrogen car
Auction girl holds up sign information for a bidder to read easier on a 1969 Camaro Prototype with Vin 124379C100001 at an auction in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Elizabeth Parker
Audi Luxury Car
Anna Johansson
File photo: Tesla Roadster cut in half the carbon dioxide emissions of its petroleum-burning rivals.
Digital Journal
Auto-rickshaw in India.
Kevin Buehler
Lynn Curwin
2014 Toyota Corolla media release photo.
Toyota Media Photos
1967 Volkswagen V rod
Lynn Curwin
Over view of Charlotte Motor Speedway during Fall Auto Fair 2014.
Elizabeth Parker
Over view of Charlotte Motor Speedway during Fall Auto Fair 2014.
Elizabeth Parker
A toolbox for car enthusiasts
Via Flickr user Howard Dickens
Nissan Cedric 1997 - a name guaranteed to have them flying out of showrooms
Wikimedia Commons
Nissan Sentra CVT Flex
Fabio Aro
Car sales are gaining traction as they roll through the months. February was a vast year-over-year improvement for most.
Ken Wightman
Driving on the way to a road trip
The 2014 media release photo from Audi of the A6 TDI Clean Diesel.
Audi Media Release Photos
The Lamborghini Veneno, expected to cost $4.5 million
YouTube screenshot
Latest News
Top News
Chatting with Wings of the Whale at Mulcahy's on Long Island
Encryption on 'tens of millions' of phones could easily be broken
Sausage democracy sweeps Australian polls
Obama releases civilian casualty figures on some drone strikes
Facebook Paper is closing down
Chipotle just can't shake the bad PR — This time its a drug bust
MLB Trade Rumors: Brandon Phillips to Toronto Blue Jays?
Sierra Leone diplomat kidnapped in Nigeria
Criss Angel headed to Hollywood Walk of Fame, premieres new show
Israel bombs Gaza Strip in response to rocket fire
Netherlands rolls out world's first nationwide IoT network
Austria gears up for post-Brexit election battle
Bangladesh commandos storm Dhaka hostage cafe
Australians vote in cliffhanger election
NFL News and Rumors: Tim Tebow to Chicago Bears?
Ibuprofen and a cancer drug stop Ebola
Contact Us
About Us
Investors & Partners
Help & Support
Editorial Guidelines
Terms of Use
Privacy Policy
News Links
Latest News
Live Events
News Alerts
GlobeNewswire News
Global Press Releases
copyright © 2016
| powered by
dell servers


text:
Featured Business
Work Club
Work Club. A new way of working and living.
Sofitel Melbourne On Collins
Sofitel Melbourne On Collins
Melbourne Natural Wellness
'One Life Live it Well' - that's our motto here.
Collins Street Physiotherapy Clinic
Welcome to Collins Place Physio
Crabtree & Evelyn
Original fragrances, luxurious toiletries, gourmet foods
Hopetoun Tea Rooms
Combining delight of fine foods and beverages
Up Coming Events
What's happening in Melbourne – 27th June to 3rd July 2016Read more
Collins St Neighbourhood Member EventsRead more
Hat's & High Tea on Collins celebrating MSFW2016 – 2/9Read more
An Audience with our Lord Mayor, Robert Doyle – 29th JuneRead more
Crabtree & Evelyn – Mid Year SaleRead more
2016 Striking Film FestivalRead more
Current Happenings
- What's happening in Melbourne – 27th June
27 Jun - 3 Jul 2016
various times
Find out what's on in Melbourne with all the latest events, restaurants, shopping destinations and
- Hat's & High Tea on Collins celebrating
2 Sep - 2 Sep 2016
2pm to 4pm
An afternoon of sweet indulgence with a delicious High Tea, glass of sparkling wine on arrival, Spring Fashion
- An Audience with our Lord Mayor, Robert Doyle –
29 Jun - 29 Jun 2016
6pm to 8pm
Join fellow city businesses, traders, residents & building owners for the Collins Street Precinct
- Crabtree & Evelyn – Mid Year Sale
25 May - 5 Jul 2016
See store for business hours
Enjoy up to 70% off selected items, while stocks last.Read MoreMid-Year Sale Offer "Terms & Conditions" - Offer applies to selected unboxed full-priced products only, from 25th May - 5th July 2016 only while stocks last. - Offer available at all Crabtree & Evelyn stores, including outlet stores and the online store. - No further discounts apply (such as Privilege Card discount) - In the event that a sale item is unboxed, the boxed item remains full price.
- 2016 Striking Film Festival
4 Aug - 4 Aug 2016
Proudly presented by Collins234, the Striking Film Festival supports emerging Melbourne and student film makers
Neighbourhood Networking Night at the Old Treasury Building
Click here to see photos of the evening... A great night was had by all that attended on Monday evening the 6th June at the Old Treasury Building. Guests enjoyed a wonderful tour of the building along with some lovely canapes and drinks.


text:
The "Soda Free Summer" campaign is currently running in San Francisco and Santa Clara, encouraging children and adults alike to make the switch to water instead. With obesity rates skyrocketing, cutting down on sugars wherever possible is vital, and eliminating it from your drink choices is one of the easiest ways to make a significant impact.
SodaFreeSummer.org is promoting the campaign with scary stats to back up the urgency of attaining their goal.
"Drinking just one 20 oz bottle of soda each day for a year can result in gaining 25 extra pounds," says SodaFreeSummer.org, also mentioning that "The average teen drinks more than 750 cans of soda per year" and that "Soda is the #1 source of sugar in the American diet."
To replace soft drinks, sodafreesummer.org encourages drinking water , non-fat/low-fat milk, 100% fruit juice (max 1/2 cup daily), unsweetened iced tea and, if the craving strikes badly, diet soda.
People who sign in have the ability to track their soda free days and to enter a raffle for several hundred dollars worth of health-related prizes.
Here's are some more solutions to conquer the battle of the bulge:
Soda Free Summers
More Stats +/-
Cookie-Popcorn Snacks
Experiential Beach Events
Grotesque Anti-Smoking Ads
Pixelated Superhero Portraits
Bulletproof Fashion Collections


text:
Glyset Free Delivery
Nizoral, nizoral buy discount vein support online buy acyclovir buy no rx stop smoking aventyl, order 2 sets of moldable mouth trays online.
Glyset free delivery buy ginseng in canada, ed strips in us buy no rx ed strips.
Vitamin a & d overnight delivery, xalatan fucidin in canada.
Antiox cats in canada order coq10 online find cheap stress relief, buy fosamax.
Spertomax, find florinef online discount 5 panel drug test with adulteration test and e-z split cup online monocor, ranbaxy buy zovirax cod rosulip-f ventricular fibrillation, find cheap medithin find cheap stress gum topamax, aceon online review find prandin no rx required.
Singulair overnight delivery nuzon, co-amoxiclav buy fml forte cod vasoflex.
Find reminyl cod tamsulosin rebose find no rx nimotop.
Buy discount thyroid booster online, triphala overnight delivery motrin online review buy cheap cymbalta mozep.
Hangover helper in us aerovent find discount tofranil online find discount prozac order no rx carisoprodol find discount cleocin online buy cheap bladder support dogs, free aceon.
Find discount allopurinol online glyset free delivery buy discount floxin discount earwash dogs online, order discount lotensin online baby cream, antiemetic find artane buy cheap prednisolone online order cheap cialis jelly.
Buy cheap metformin online nurofen.
Buy chrysin-xy in canada buy avodart womens intimacy enhancer cream online review.
Buy l-arginine in canada.
Find cheap aceon online order discount premature ejaculation cure online, hemorrhoids, order discount prinivil buy no rx soothenol imodium free delivery.
Find requip no rx required biaxin in canada order ginkgo biloba patch buy tazorac in us, phosphatidylserine free sample.
Grifulvin v free sample, glyset free delivery delagil, buy cheap mevacor maxalt oratane.
Zerit free sample, buy cheap eulexin online buy eurax lipotrexate overnight delivery find arava no rx required order himplasia no rx required, phentrimine free sample, no rx omega 3-1 beconase aq in us.
Lioresal order cheap altace online, find cheap cee extreme online.
Amaryl free delivery find cheap entocort, order prandin online buy discount altace online order discount pyruvitol online trikatu order metabo ultramax olmesartan medoxomil find discount acompliex online, order synthroid cod, buy cytoxan in us, find discount vitaliq online discount zimulti online, buy fosamax no rx required zoloft in us.
Find orgasm enhancer online order discount thyroid booster online.
Order coumadin no rx required find astelin prevacid order discount cholestoplex online buy no rx professional plasma tooth whitening kit, silybin.
Buy kamagra in canada.
Aygestin overnight delivery find discount hoodia weight loss gum online endep myolax order tulasi no rx required viagra + cialis overnight delivery.
Discount florinef online ketoconazole shampoo, buy cheap calming chews large dogs, prulifloxacin order daily best puppies, buy cheap imitrex online buy nirdosh online, buy stop smoking patch online.
Buy shallaki cod find torsemide order professional plasma tooth whitening kit, lyclear buy cyklokapron, home cholesterol test in canada order coral calcium chloromycetin find testo-rex, buy nolvadex online vaginitis, order discount anabol-amp.
Buy cystone no rx required.
Find discount daily best cats fish french red wine in us discount zantac, saroten.
Testosterone booster patch free sample.
Find meclizine cod testosterone order no rx echinacea adcef no rx tretinoin cream 0.05% minax buy no rx astelin buy no rx rimonabant, order claritin cod stop smoking patch in canada.
Order discount ventolin online, find cheap trazodone buy hip & joint support dogs online, buy no rx phosphatidylserine order carbozyne cod frontline order discount penis extender deluxe online order lamictal online imodium.
Discount casodex, discount panmycin, discount hoodia weight loss gum online, pramipexole.
Amantadine buy discount allopurinol free awake patch.
Order zerit cod crestor in canada januvia in us no rx biaxin diltiazem hcl find discount zyprexa online.
Order nymphomax online free daily best chews dogs find discount 5 panel drug test (thc/coc/amp/opi/pcp) find cheap shallaki online, celebrex online review, novo-quinine find cheap micardis online disulfiram pro-erex free sample hynorex retard buy cheap indinavir online find cheap premarin find trileptal cod levitra professional online review, find lisinopril no rx pilocarpine eratin.
Tiotropium apnea fluoxetine find rumalaya cod order discount panmycin online.
Order no rx oral health dogs.
Find paroxetine no rx required, cialis free delivery.
Order snoroff no rx required buy no rx lipostatin, buy avapro buy metamphetamine (ecstasy) cassette test.
Buy flexisyn.
Cheap stromectol online order discount carafate find cheap penisole online rogaine 5% online review find discount citalopram online order pepcid online


text:
In case you forgot, you can pre-order the game to get a 10-disc soundtrack CD as a bonus. Persona 2: Innocent Sin releases on September 20th for $39.99 US. Check back for a review here at RPGFan coming very soon!
Wild Arms 2 July 3 • 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
Lunar 2: Eternal Blue Continues! Every Monday • 5:00pm PDT/8:00pm EDT
Zero Time Dilemma Every Night! • 5:00pm PDT/8:00pm EDT
Grandia II Continues! Every Wednesday • 2:00pm PDT/5:00pm EDT


text:
The US Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) at Kings Point, New York posted a job announcement stating that it is seeking applicants for five positions as assistant professors of marine transportation. Applications must be received by 21 May. (4/21/10).
(Source: Bryant's Maritime News)
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
For many in shipping, the Brexit was unexpected. Many believe that Brexit's impact on the shipping industry will be more or less neutral.
The UK Chamber of
The Dennis & Phyllis Washington Foundation, in conjunction with Seaspan, announced today a multi-year, multimillion dollar investment in the future of British Columbia's marine industrial sector.
A message from Frank Coles, CEO of Transas, on the International Day of the Seafarer
As an ex-seafarer, I know of the often challenging circumstances that the


text:
Staff Picks
The Future is OursYouTube 4y ago
VR painting with Google Daydream's developer toolsThe Verge 6h ago
Google Announces New Educational Tools | Crunch ReportTechCrunch 6h ago
The Baby Bachelorette - Episode 3 Sneak PeekStaff Picks 12h ago
Analysis: Supreme Court Abortion Rights RulingAP 12h ago
Star Trek Beyond Trailer #3 (2016) - Featuring "Sledgehammer" by Rihanna - Paramount PicturesStaff Picks 12h ago
LIVE: First UK Parliament debates after Brexit referendumRussia Today 15h ago
Warriors, Heat emerging as most likely to lure KD out of OKC?Staff Picks 1d ago
NYC Pride Parade Includes Politics and ProtestStaff Picks 1d ago
Biggest predictions for GOT's finaleStaff Picks 1d ago
UK Vote To Leave The EU Pushes Prime Minister David Cameron To ResignNewsy 3d ago
'Brexit' Vote Shocks the MarketsWall Street Journal 3d ago
Juncker insists Brexit not the beginning of the end for EUEuronews 3d ago
Donald Trump Calls 'Brexit' Result a 'Great Thing'ABC News 3d ago
Trump interrupted by protester with swastika golf ballsReuters 3d ago
Catchphrase with Elle Fanning and Macklemore & Ryan LewisThe Tonight Show With Jimmy Fallon 4d ago
- music
- steve jobs
- congress
- science
- space
- honda
- the universe
- the future
- saturn
- stephen hawking
- neil degrasse tyson
- jobs
- hawaii
- ronald reagan
- challenger disaster
- economist
- future
- festival of colors
- found footage
- jason silva
- falcon 9
- ted talk
- solar energy
- daniel pink
- my passion
- peter diamandis
- look at me
- speed demon
- reach out
- the first time
- zero gravity
- extra credit
- space x
- order of
Created to inspire by Michael Marantz: http://www.michaelmarantz.com http://www.twitter.com/michaelmarantz The future excites me so much, that is why I made this video. We need to be inspired by the immense possibilities of the future and work extremely hard to achieve them. We can do it, we just have to commit. Help inspire others by sharing this video and tagging any interesting content on twitter with #TheFutureIsOurs Produced by Already Alive http://www.alreadyalive.com Text from the Launchgram Manifesto: http://www.launchgram.com/manifesto Music by Michael Marantz: http://www.soundcloud.com/michaelmarantz/the-future-is-ours Thank you so much to the amazing vimeo community who supported this piece and allowed me to use their footage. Special footage credits: Variable - http://www.wearevariable.com Infinity List - http://www.infinitylist.com Patrick Lawler - http://www.vimeo.com/patricklawler CREDITS FOR FOUND FOOTAGE AND SPEECHES (in order of apperance) "Abundance is our Future" TED talk by Peter Diamandis ted.com/talks/peter_diamandis_abundance_is_our_future.html "Hawaii's Clouds" by Michael Marantz - vimeo.com/40250952 "Slow it Down" by Sacha Powell - vimeo.com/35668241 President Ronald Reagan - Address on the Challenger Disaster - youtube.com/watch?v=gEjXjfxoNXM "Earth" by Michael König - vimeo.com/32001208 "Solar Roadways" - vimeo.com/40095422 "Solar Powered EV Parking" - vimeo.com/17408340 Planetory Resources Video - youtube.com/watch?v=7fYYPN0BdBw Neil DeGrasse Tyson address Congress - youtube.com/watch?v=Xhc25v0DpJc "Holi" by Variable - vimeo.com/40123818 Jason Silva at the Economist Ideas Conference 2012 - vimeo.com/40464684 Honda "Asimo" - youtube.com/watch?v=LuymCZL5aWM "Look at Me" by Patrick Lawler - vimeo.com/8455331 "462 in the Speed Demon" - youtube.com/watch?v=Le6aCV_CRvQ 2005 Stanford Commencement Address by Steve Jobs - youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc "Experience Human Flight" by InfinityList - vimeo.com/22428395 "Experience Zero Gravity" by InfinityList - vimeo.com/29017795 "Lost in Tokyo" by Mark Bramley - vimeo.com/34447797 "29 year old hearing for the first time" - youtube.com/watch?v=LsOo3jzkhYA "Building something Big in Lousville" by GE - youtube.com/watch?v=BGljVE27vzU Daniel Pink on the surprising science of motivation - youtube.com/watch?v=rrkrvAUbU9Y Stephen Hawking: Asking big questions about the universe - youtube.com/watch?v=xjBIsp8mS-c Self Driving Car Test by Google - youtube.com/watch?v=cdgQpa1pUUE Apollo Saturn V Launch by Spacecraft Films - vimeo.com/4366695 Space X Launch of Falcon 9 - youtube.com/watch?v=4vkqBfv8OMM Dragon Capsule with ISS - youtube.com/watch?v=ccNJDwJNngQ "Dublin's People" by Phillip Bloom - vimeo.com/6475938 Permission to use footage received when possible. I was not paid to create this video, I did this out of my passion to create and inspire. If your footage was used in this film and you were not contacted, please reach out to me with any concerns or extra credit requests.


text:
The Ollie Johnston Castle attraction, shyly screaming in the evening candlelight
Within the walls of Ollie Johnston Castle is a twisting dungeon corridor decorated with descriptions of memorable moments from the Ollie Johnston motion picture. Watch out for evil witches and additional doohickeys!
Please don't try Pirate Mode
© copyright 2011–2016
A Pants Aflame production


text:
Think IT is one step place for Dot Net Training in Chennai. Our trainers have more than 10+ years knowledge about these respective domain. Dot net training in chennai trainers are professionally working as dot net developer for well reputed companies. We train our students with Real time concepts and provide certificates after completing their course.
- Students who want to build their career for Dot Net courses in Chennai.
- Freshers graduate
- IT professionals
- Who are interesting in programming language.
- Basic knowledge in Dot Net.
- Basic knowledge in programming language like C, C++.
- Some knowledge in .Net framework.
- Any graduate/ITI course/ Diploma.
- Should have some computer knowledge.
- Who have experience in Dot Net.
- Professionals also develop their skills in Dot net & programming.
- Nowadays students and professionals want to improve their technical dot net basics and non technical skills.
- Who finish for basic degree and interested in these domain as they want to learn for Dot Net courses in Chennai.
- Think IT will provide you best knowledge in Dotnet.
- Our trainers will guide and teach you from basic concepts.
- Classes will be taken by our experts who are working in Top MNC companies.
- We will provide you 70% practical class.
- Flexible timing, lab facilities and Reduced batch members.
- We will offer you more real time Dot Net projects.
- Start learning from basic fundamentals.
- The Software tools will be provided by our institute.
- All required PDF and Video materials will be provided.
- We offer fast track classes and weekend classes.
- We will be helping you for interview process.
- Think IT provides good knowledge about these subjects.Our trainers give good guidance and training about that course.
- As well as dot net class in Chennai provide placement support for students.
- Dot net Training institute in Chennai give more importance to transfer our programming knowledge.
- Asp.net mvc training in Chennai provide knowledge about basics through advanced level of web applications concepts.
- Dot net training in Chennai Adyar trainers have extensive work experience and they are noted experts and publish books about that domain.Dot net training in Chennai provide you study materials .
- It is more helpful to easily remember the dot net classes.
- Fast track class and weekend classes also available in Dot Net courses in Chennai .
- Knowledge in Programming language.
- Any graduates.
- Basic knowledge in oops concepts.
- Good knowledge in language syntax.
- Enter into top upcoming technology.
- Knowledge in oops, Namespace, File I/O and streams.
- Knowledge in SQL server.
- Advance ADO.Net concepts.
- Web form creations.
- How to do validation control.
- Knowledge in ASP.NET web services.
- Developing web applications.
- Learn a high demanding skill which is learned by others tomorrow.
- Strong Practical and theoretical knowledge.
- We will teach you according to current technology.
- Nowadays companies need a professional, who have more knowledge in current technology.
- Increase your industry and marketing value.
- We will be giving you training on how to face top MNC Companies.
- Get selected into top upcoming companies.
Dot net training Chennai also provide placement support and resume support for students. Think IT training are equipped with good atmosphere and lab facilities for students. Dot net training institutes in chennai have trained more than 5000 students and provide placement assistance. Our Training will be conducted on daytime , weekend evening batch and fast track training classes.
- Our trainers cover the syllabus from Starting level to advanced level.
Dot net class in chennai will provide course materials for our students by soft copy mode and it is very easy to learn for students.
We provide strong practical and technically training for students in Dot Net course in Chennai.
Our Dot Net course modules are Basic Dot Net and Advanced Dot Net.
Dot Net Useful Resources
- .Net Framework
- Visual .Net language
- .Net Installation
- Introduction to Windows forms - I
- Windows forms - II
- Advanced Object Oriented concepts
- Error Handling
- Components of Ado.Net
- .Net Data providers and Data sources
- How to access data
- Connected Environment
- Disconnected Environment
- Usage for sort, search and filter the data
- Implement N.Tier concepts in ADO.Net
- Implement the XML in .Net
- Object used for DOM Objects
- Implement Custom Windows Controls
- Crystal Reports
- Deployment the Application
Dot Net Training Duration in Chennai
- Durations -- 45 days.
- Durations -- 9 Weeks.
- Duration -- within 15 days
Our Regular classes (Morning , daytime and Evening)
Our Weekend training classes(Saturday, Sunday and Holidays)
Fast Track training program(5+ hours daily)
- Dot net technology is nowadays booming for IT fields.
- Dot net Training in chennai is very easy technology when compared with other programming languagesand one more important points it is not programming based languages.
- It's a concept of framework and technology that are fully covered by our Dot Net course in Chennai expertswho are interested in these fields need knowledge about variable, data types, constants etc.,
- Some programming technologies are using Dot Net technology such as VB.Net, C#.Net etc. Learn .Net libraries for various programming languages like ASP.NET, VB.NET, C#.NET etc.
- New features in expensive and it is good support for Graphical User Interface (GUI) by using Visual Studio .Net.
- Dot Net Course in Chennai provide more practical oriented knowledge about this particular domain and Real time projects are done in Dot Net .
Dot Net Framework is the software framework developed by Microsoft Corporation .It is a programming model of comprehensive and consistent which is created revolution in recent days. A programming infrastructure created by Microsoft for building, deploying, running applications and services use of Learn .net technologies such as desktop applications and web services. Application which is build using Dot net programming has the capability of user entice with experience of secure communication systems.Learn more about it by visiting Dot net Tutorial that includes the large class library known as the FCL (Framework Class Languages) across the several programming languages.
- Common Language Runtime (CLR)
- Base Class Library(BCL)
- Framework Class library(FCL)
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
- Common language runtime is a virtual machine components
- CLR is used to manage and execute the dot net programming .
- It converts the code to machine instructions and perform the process just in time.
Base Class Library(BCL)
- Base Class Library provides a set of class libraries.
- It provides function and features and it is used to implement the programming languages such as Visual basic, C#,Learn .Net etc
(FCL)Framework Class Library
- Framework class library is used to access for system functionality.
- It is a collection of reusable types such as classes and interfaces etc.,
- It act as standard library and using of all dot net syllabus programming languages.
History of .Net framework version version
- Visual studio .Net 1.0
- Visual studio .Net 2003 Version 1.1
- Visual studio .Net 2005 version 4.0
- Visual studio 2005 .Net version 3.5
- Visual studio 2008 .Net version 3.0
- Visual studio 2010 .Net version 4.0
- Visual studio 2012 .Net version 4.5
- Visual studio 2013 .Net version 4.5.1
- Visual Studio 2015 .Net Version 4.5.2
- Visual Studio 2015 Update-1 .Net Version 4.6
Main features of . Net platform
- Common language runtime
- Assemblies
- Application domain
- Runtime host
- Common time system
- Metatag and Self Describing
- Cross -language interoperability
- Net framework class library
- what is the use of JIT
- Global assembly cache
- Mobile device supported by .net platform
Why .Net is mostly used for development technology?
- .Net helps to designs and develop the technology of dot net developer.
- It helps to get more benefits for creative and dynamic characteristics.
- Layer are available in the coding and reusability of code are flexible to use for Dot Net programming languages.
Advantages and Disadvantages of .Net
- Net development provides What you see is what you get (WYSIWYG)
- Source and HTML coding can be separated so it can be easily done in dot net basics.
- Web Applications developed by ASP.Net are as secure as Windows confirmation and configuration
- .Net is directed to web browser and it performs for server side . Net platform
- Decreases the code necessary in large web applications industry.
- Dot net Basics is inflexible in a period of change has been proved .
- Maintenance and modifications is difficult and also often prohibitively expensive.
- Dot net Training institutes in Chennai provide with Real time Experience because nowaday companies are targeting institute to give best real time projects for students.
- Best Dot Net training institute in Chennai trainers are certified for that domain and has real time knowledge on courses with hands on practical.
- Dot net Training in Chennai provide live project experience for students to easily understand the concepts and hands on practical for every topic.
- We provide placement preparations in Dot Net Training institutes in Chennai and as well as support for resume preparation for students.
- Easy to interact with managements and trainers for Dot Net Course in Chennai to solve any problems.
- Fee structures is very low compare to dot net training in Chennai Adyar and other institute in Chennai.
- Lab facilities with latest current technologies and good infrastructure.
Asp.net training in chennai is fully designed to develop web applications by using Visual Studio. So our training methods are equal to corporate sector. Study Materials provided with ideas, illustrations and more real time example in best dot net training .
What are the Importances after Learning from Our Best Dot Net Training in Chennai
- Asp.net MVC training in Chennai provides more importance to build our web applications.
- Improve your knowledge in dot net course by our Best dot net training in Chennai
- Dot net developers have technically strong for programming skills and capacity to adequate the process.
- After completing your Dot net course Chennai our Students will be able to write code for individual projects.
- Dot net training Chennai helps to develop your knowledge about project.
- Prepare your own needed documents and collect the data for project.
- Understand the concept to write that in your own code.
- Dot net training Chennai helps to increase your confident level more and also create own ideas.
- C# training in Chennai is an another one module which used to build a web applications using Microsoft Visual Studio.
- Fundamentals of C# programming
- What is .Net framework
- Variables and Data types
- Exception handling
- Arrays
- Create Generic classes and methods
- Collections
Dot Net Trainers profile and Placement
Our Dot net trainers profiles
- Our Trainers have more than 10+ years experience in Microsoft .Net at top MNC companies.
- Dot Net training in Chennai trainers are professional who has been well expertise for Visual studio.Net, SQL, etc.,
- Dot net trainers believe in teaching and practice also give for that course.
- Our Dot net training in Chennai trainers are current working for real time dot net program environment.
- Dot net class in Chennai trainers will covers the syllabus for data to data basis. We provide course soft copy materials.
- Dot net training institute in Chennai provide dot net online training also by using videos.
- Our major view for coaching about course and helps support for placement preparations in best dot net training in Chennai.
Dot Net Placements
- Our Best Dot net Training provides on both Technical level and corporate level training.
- Dot net course Chennai provide more support to train for students in interview preparations and resume preparation.
- More than 5000+ students placed at top level MNC's companies.
- Best dot net training institute in Chennai develop a inter-personal skills for students because where we go for job, Recruiters expect for students to have more skills about domain and Dot net developer have more capabilities for the projects.
We also provide Fast track classes
Our Think IT is the best training institute for Dot Net Training in Chennai. For more details please navigate to contact us.
Our advanced Dot Net Trainers
- More than 9 years experiences in Dot Net domain.
- Dot Net certified professionals
- Trainers are working in top MNC Companies.
- Has worked in 6 real time projects.
- Trained large number of students so far.
- Strong practical and theoretical knowledge.
Dot Net Placement Training in Chennai
- More than 200+ students trained
- More placement records
- More 1000 interview were organized
Dot Net Related Training Courses in Chennai
- C# training in chennai
- ASP.Net training in chennai
- Sql server training in chennai
- MCV training in chennai
- WCF training in chennai
- Ajax.Net training in chennai
- JSON training in chennai
- Jquery training in chennai
- WPF training in chennai
Quick Enquiry
Click to Call
fill your phone on hit submit. our team will contact you soon.


text:
Monday, 27 June 2016
Last updated 2 days ago
Dec 8 2011 | 2:26am ET
Nadeem Walji will have to hope that the third time is the charm—if, in fact, there is a third time.
Walji is shuttering his second hedge fund in as many years, liquidating his Duma Capital Management's sole fund. Unlike in 2009, when Walji's once-$500 million Duma Capital Partners closed its doors amidst major redemptions despite strong performance, Duma part deux never even reached critical mass for assets under management, making it difficult for Walji to attract the talent he sought, Hedge Fund Alert reports.
DCM's Duma Liquid Opportunities Fund debuted in April, after Walji spent about six months managing the strategy for a few associates. The $100 million fund was seeded by Timothy Barakett, the former head of Atticus Capital.
DCM was set to return 90% of investor capital as of late last month. The last $10 million will be returned following an audit.
"The management came to the conclusion that it would be most prudent to return all capital as soon as possible so that Duma's investors may reallocate for 2012," a spokesman for the firm told HFA.
Walji worked at Duquesne Capital Management before founding DCP in 2005. Prior to joining Duquesne, where he was a top manager running more than $500 million, he worked at Soros Fund Management.
Jun 16 2016 | 4:19pm ET
Jun 21 2016 | 9:01pm ET
Contrary to concerns that Wall Street isn't as appealing to new graduates as it...
Jun 17 2016 | 1:05pm ET
Over the past year, a large portion of the financial services industry has awakened...