text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 11, 2005
|Filing date
|Jul 6, 2000
|Priority date
|Jul 6, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|R. Douglas Hudgens
|Original Assignee
|Fleetguard, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (37), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (10), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
In general, this invention is related to a coolant composition. More specifically, but not exclusive, this invention is directed to a coolant composition that includes anti-corrosion additives for use in combustion engines and a method of inhibiting the corrosion of components in cooling systems.
Typically coolant compositions are specifically formulated with ethylene glycol or propylene glycol or their derivatives and include specific additives that inhibit and reduce corrosion of coolant systems. Specific coolant formulations are desired because with the advent of higher performance engines, particularly heavy-duty diesel engines, increasing more components of these engines are manufactured from a wide variety of materials to reduce weight and increase efficiency. Similarly, the coolant coursing through these engines contact a variety of materials. Typically additives are selected to impart particular benefits, such as providing protection for one or more selected materials. In addition, it is not uncommon for the additives to be selected to compliment each others beneficial properties. Despite the specificity which these coolant compositions are formulated, the benefits associated with many of the additives can be thwarted because a large percentage of operators include hard water in the cooling system. The hard water can be added either upon initially filling the cooling system or during in-service as operators add make-up water to top off the cooling system.
In many parts of the world, there is no ready access to suitable water for use in cooling system. Hard water includes a number of minerals, most notably calcium, magnesium and iron salts. These minerals may contribute to loss of efficacy and reduce the usable lifetime of the coolant composition. This loss can be particularly detrimental to heavy duty diesel trucks that can cover over 10,000 miles a month. An ineffective coolant composition can shorten engine life, allow internal passageways in the cooling system to clog, contribute to cylinder liner pitting and water pump cavitation all which result in costly engine overhauls.
Thus in light of the above described problems, there is a continuing need for advancements in the coolant compositions and improved methods for reducing corrosion associated with cooling compositions. The present invention is such an advancement and provides a wide variety of benefits and advantages.
The present invention relates to novel coolant compositions, the manufacture and use thereof. Various aspects of the invention are novel, nonobvious, and provide various advantages. While the actual nature of the invention covered herein can only be determined with reference to the claims appended hereto, certain forms and features, which are characteristic of the preferred embodiments disclosed herein, are described briefly as follows.
In one form the present invention provides an engine coolant composition that can be used in a cooling system. The engine coolant composition comprises: an organic acid component or salt thereof. The organic acid component can include a C4-C6 dicarboxylic acid and at least one of benzoic acid and a C9-C12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. The engine coolant also comprises an anticorrosion additive including molybdate, and at least one of mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate; a buffer component comprising a sodium salt of at least one of a borate salt, and/or a phosphate salt and a freezing point depressant. In one embodiment the organic acid component of the coolant composition includes adipic acid, benzoic acid and optionally a C9-C2 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. In other embodiments the coolant composition includes molybdate, nitrite, nitrate and at least one of mercaptobenzothiazole or tolytriazole and a buffering agent.
In another form the invention provides an engine coolant composition comprising an organic acid component or salt thereof. The organic acid component can include adipic acid and at least one of benzoic acid and a C9-C12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or salts of these acids; an anticorrosion additive including molybdate, and at least one of mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate; a buffer component comprising at least one of a borate salt or a phosphate salt and hard water.
In still yet another form the present invention provides a method of reducing the corrosion of metal surfaces in a cooling system having a recirculating liquid coolant comprising hard water. The method comprises adding an additive to the liquid coolant. The additive can include an organic acid component or salt thereof, a anti-corrosion additive and a buffer agent. The acid component can comprise a mixture of a C4-C6 dicarboxylic acid and at least one of benzoic acid or a C9-C2 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. The anti-corrosion additive can include molybdate, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate.
Further objects, features, aspects, forms, advantages and benefits shall become apparent from the description and drawings contained herein.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated herein and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described processes, systems or devices, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein, are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
In general, this invention is directed to an engine coolant composition for heavy duty diesel engines, light duty trucks and automobiles. This invention can also provide various other advantageous applications, for example, in any heat-transfer application, preferably using an aqueous-based or alcohol-based (including glycols) or otherwise compatible heat-transfer medium. The coolant composition provides excellent antifreeze capabilities and therefore lowers the temperature at which the engine coolant begins to solidify or freeze. In preferred embodiments, this invention includes an organic acid component of a C4-C6 dicarboxylic acid and at least one other organic acid in combination with other anti-corrosion additives and buffering agents to reduce corrosion of metal components and clogging of internal system passageways. It has been determined that certain preferred embodiments unexpectedly exhibit enhanced anti-corrosion properties in the presence of hard water.
The term "hard water" when used in this present application is understood as water that includes a variety of minerals or inorganic salts, particularly cationic alkali metal salts, for example, calcium salts, magnesium salts, iron salts. Hard water can typically be evaluated in terms of its hardness level, which is often reported in parts per million (ppm). Hardness can be determined using a variety of commercially available water test kits, for example, using a test kit sold under the trademark Monitor C™ by Fleetguard, Inc. Water is considered to be hard at a hardness level of about 170 ppm or greater and very hard at a hardness level of about 300 ppm or greater.
In preferred formulations, the engine coolant composition of the present invention includes a specifically tailored combination of organic acids, anti-corrosion agents and buffering agents to reduce the corrosion associated with hard water. This can provide an added benefit of allowing a lower concentration of selected agents to yield equally effective anti-corrosion protection. The present invention provides an enhanced benefit of reducing precipitation of salts associated with the use of hard water in coolant systems.
The cooling composition can be provided as a liquid concentrate or as a ready-to-use formulation, i.e., a pre-diluted formulation. The ready-to-use formulation can be used "as is" in a cooling system. More preferably the ready-to-use formulation is diluted with water at a dilution ratio, by volume, of about 1 part formulation to 0.4 parts water to about 1 part formulation to about 1.6 parts water.
The engine coolant composition of the present invention includes an organic acid component and other anti-corrosive additives. It should be understood that the organic acids impart significant anti-corrosive properties, as well as other beneficial properties. The organic acid component consists essentially of a C4-C6 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and at least one of an aromatic carboxylic acid and a C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid or salts of these acids. The anti-corrosive additives can be a combination of inorganic and organic agents.
Specific examples the C4-C6 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid for use in the present invention include maleic acid, succinic acid, and adipic acid. In a more preferred form, the organic acid component includes adipic acid. The C4-C6 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is included in the coolant composition in an amount sufficient to inhibit corrosion of metal surfaces in the cooling system. Preferably the coolant composition includes the C4-C6 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in an amount between about 0.1 weight percent (wt %) and about 5 wt % measured as the free acid and based upon the total weight of the coolant composition. More preferably, the coolant composition includes between about 0.1 wt % and about 1 wt % of adipic acid; still yet more preferably, the coolant composition includes between about 0.1 wt % and about 0.5 wt % of the adipic acid. It has been unexpectedly determined that when the coolant composition includes the minor amount of adipic acid, the coolant composition exhibits significantly enhanced anti-corrosive properties, particularly when the coolant composition is combined with hard water.
The organic acid component can also include an aromatic carboxylic acid. Preferably the aromatic carboxylic acid is selected to include benzoic acid or a salt thereof. The coolant composition includes the aromatic carboxylic acid in varying amounts. When the coolant composition is provided in a ready-to-use formulation, the coolant includes between about 0.1 wt % and about 5 wt % benzoic acid or benzoate measured as the free acid and based upon the total weight of the coolant composition. More preferably, the coolant composition includes between about 0.5 wt % and about 2.5 wt % benzoic acid or benzoate; still yet more preferably the coolant composition includes between about 0.6 wt % and about 1.5 wt % benzoic acid or benzoate.
The organic acid component can also include a C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid. Preferably the C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid is selected to include azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid and dodecanedioic acid or salts of these acids. The coolant composition includes the C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid in varying amounts. When the coolant composition is provided in a ready-to-use formulation, the coolant includes between about 0.1 wt % and about 5 wt % C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid or salt thereof measured as the free acid and based upon the total weight of the coolant composition. More preferably, the coolant composition includes between about 0.5 wt % and about 2.5 wt % of a C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid or salt thereof; still yet more preferably the coolant composition includes between about 1.0 wt % and about 2.0 wt % C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid or salt thereof. In alternative embodiments of this invention, the coolant composition can include between about 2.0 wt % and about 3.0 wt % of the C9-C12 dicarboxylic acid or salt thereof.
The salts of these acids are preferably, but not exclusively, ammonium, tetraalkyl ammonium and alkali metal salts and would include, for example, lithium, sodium and potassium cations. Although it is understood that sodium and potassium salts are more preferred.
The coolant composition of the present invention also includes additional anti-corrosive additives. The anti-corrosive additives can be either an organic additive or an inorganic additive. Examples of organic anti-corrosive additives include benzotriazole, tolytriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, sulfonates and imidazolines. Preferably the coolant composition of the present invention includes tolytriazole and/or mercaptobenzothiazole. The organic anti-corrosive additives can be included in varying amounts, preferably between about 0.05 wt % and about 0.5 wt %. More preferably, the coolant composition includes between about 0.1 wt % and about 0.5 wt % of the individual organic anti-corrosive additives.
The coolant composition can also include inorganic anti-corrosive additives. The inorganic additives include borates, phosphate silicates, nitrates, nitrites and molybdates. These inorganic anti-corrosive additives can be employed at concentrations ranging between about 0.0 wt % and about 5.0 wt % for the ready-to-use formulation. The inorganic anti-corrosive additives can be provided as salts, preferably ammonium, tetraalkyl ammonium, or alkali metal salts. In preferred forms the coolant composition includes two or more of the inorganic anti-corrosive additives.
In preferred forms, the coolant composition includes molybdate and at least one anti-corrosive additive selected from the group consisting of mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole, tolytriazole, a silicate salt, a nitrite salt and a nitrate salt. The basic coolant composition can be tailored for selective applications to provide enhanced aluminum protection for components of the coolant system, for example, nitrates and silicates are known to provide aluminum protection. Borates and nitrites can be added for ferrous metal protection, and benzotriazole and tolytriazole can be added for copper and brass protection. Furthermore, for heavy-duty specifications, the coolant composition can include varying amounts of an alkali metal nitrite to provide enhanced protection against pitting of cylinder liners for heavy-duty diesel engines. The coolant composition can include between about 0.0 wt % to about 0.5 wt % of each of the desired additives. More preferably, the coolant composition can include between about 0.05 wt % to about 0.5 wt % of the additives; still yet more preferably between about 0.1 wt % to about 0.5 wt % of the additives.
The coolant composition can also include buffering agents. The buffering agents can be selected from any known or commonly used buffering agents. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that selected buffering agents can exhibit both anti-corrosion and buffering properties. For example benzoate, borates and phosphates can in certain formulations provide both buffering and anti-corrosion advantages. Preferred examples of buffers include borate salts and phosphate salts. In one preferred form, the buffering system includes a mixed phosphate/borate buffer system. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that certain engine manufacturers, governmental organizations and/or consumers prefer or even require selected buffering systems. While the choice of a selected buffer system is not critical for the practice of this invention the buffering agents(s) can be selected to comply with desires and demands of end users. In addition a base can be included into the coolant composition to help adjust the pH to the desired pH level. Illustrative examples of bases for use with this invention included commonly known and used bases, for example, inorganic bases including KOH, NaOH, and weaker bases such as NaHCO3, K2CO3a and Na2CO3. Therefore, the buffering system and base can be adapted to provide a coolant composition having a pH level between 7.5 and about 11 pH units. More preferably, the buffering system and base is selected to provide a coolant composition with a pH level between about 8.0 and about 9.0 pH units.
A fully formulated coolant typically includes a variety of other additives, including, for example, defoamers, scale inhibitors, surfactants, detergents, and dyes. Specific examples of defoamers include components (alone or in combination) such as silicon defoamers, alcohols such as polyethoxylated glycol, polypropoxylated glycol or acetylenic glycols. Examples of scale inhibitors include components, either alone or in combination, such as, for example, phosphate esters, phosphino carboxylate, polyacrylates, polymethacylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, sulfonates, maleic anhydride co-polymer, acrylate-sulfonate co-polymer and the like. Surfactants for use in this invention include, for example, either alone or in combination: Alkyl sulfonates, acryl sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulfosuccinate, acetylenic glycol, and ethoxylated alcohols. Detergents include non-ionic and/or anionic components such as, for example, phosphate ester surfactants, sodium alkyl sulfonates, sodium aryl sulfonates, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonates, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkylphenols, ethoxylated alcohols, carboxylic esters, and the like.
The coolant composition of the present invention is blended to provide a uniform composition. The order of addition of the individual components is not critical for the practice of the invention. However, it is desired to the coolant composition be thoroughly blended and that all the components be completely dissolved to provide optimum performance. As discussed above, in one preferred form, the coolant composition is provided as a ready-to-use, i.e. pre-diluted, formulation. When thus provided, the ready-to-use formulation can also include a freezing point depressant. The freezing point depressant can be selected from a variety of known and/or commonly used freezing point depressants. Commonly used examples include, for example, propanol, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like. When provided in the coolant composition, the freezing point depressant is added in amounts ranging between about 30 wt % and about 70 wt % based upon the total weight of the coolant composition. The ready-to-use coolant composition can also include varying amounts of water In another form, the coolant composition of the present invention can be provided as a liquid concentrate. Typically, the liquid concentrate includes an alcohol or glycol and additionally can, but is not required, to include small amounts of water to dissolve the additives. The liquid concentrate can be added to a cooling system and diluted with water to provide a liquid coolant. To provide optimum performance, the liquid concentrate should be thoroughly blended with the water prior to use. It is preferable, but not required, to pre-mix the concentrate with the coolant before adding to the coolant system rather than using the radiator as a mixing chamber.
The coolant composition that includes adipic acid provides enhanced anti-corrosion properties over compositions lacking either one of these acids or salts of these acids. The cooling composition provides enhanced aluminum and ferrous metal protection against corrosion of the coolant in the cooling system.
The cooling composition of the present invention provides unexpected results or enhanced protection in hard water. It is not uncommon for cooling system for diesel engines and automobile engines to include water as part of the coolant medium. Furthermore, during operation, the cooling systems frequently lose fluid either due to leakage or evaporation. Often, operators add make-up fluids such as water to the cooling system. The make-up fluid frequently is hard water, which is found in many parts of the world. Hard water can cause many deleterious effects on the components of the cooling systems. These effects include increased corrosion of metal surfaces, particularly iron and aluminum surfaces. Furthermore, the hard water can cause incompatibility problems with some of the anti-corrosion components. For example, hard water containing calcium and magnesium salts can cause additives to precipitate or gel. This can decrease engine protection and increase corrosion. In a typical on-highway heavy-duty diesel engine cooling system, the flow rate can range from 80 to 150 gallons per minute. This means that flow velocities can reach 8 to 10 feet per second. Tests have shown that solder and aluminum are sensitive to the effects of high flow rate. These effects are acerbated by the addition of any solid or gelled additives.
It has unexpectedly been determined that the addition of adipic acid significantly enhances the protection of aluminum components in contact with hard water. For example, if additives, such as silicates, precipitate from the coolant composition, the desired aluminum protection previously afforded by the soluble silicate is drastically reduced. While not to be bound by any theory, it is thought that adipic acid and its salts provide significant enhanced aluminum metal protection, and at least part of this effect may be attributed to reduced precipitation of certain additives.
While not to be considered limiting in any fashion, it is also thought that the addition of adipic acid to the cooling composition provides enhanced protection for metal surfaces by chelating or combining with the alkali metal cations, specifically calcium and magnesium. These cations contribute to the buildup of scale on hot metal surfaces. The scale can drastically reduce and even eliminate flow through passageways in the cooling system. The scale can also inhibit efficient heat transfer from the hot metal surfaces to the coolant. Chelation of these cations can help reduce scale formation on hot surfaces and significantly reduces the detrimental effects of scale buildup.
It has been observed that adipic acid in hard water can also provide a thin surface coating on many metal components, particularly aluminum components of the cooling system. This coating can range up to several angstroms thick. While not considered to be limiting in any fashion, it is thought that this coating protects the metal surface from corrosion but does not appreciably affect heat transfer.
In addition to providing make-up water for in-use cooling systems, frequently operators will add supplemental cooling additives to their cooling systems. Typically, the supplemental cooling additives include a variety of anti-corrosion agents as specified above. It is not uncommon for an operator to "overdose" selected components of the anti-corrosive additive. In particular, it has been noted that nitrite levels in over-the-road diesel engine cooling systems have been increased to levels that can be detrimental to the aluminum and solder components of the cooling systems. The present invention provides enhanced protection for aluminum surfaces, thereby ameliorating some of the effects of over-dosing. It has also been determined that molybdate and the organic diacids provide ferrous and cylinder lining protection. Because the anti-corrosion properties are enhanced, the concentration of selected additives, for example, nitrite salts, can be reduced. This reduces the likelihood that an operator will overdose the cooling system with nitrite.
For the purpose of promoting further understanding and appreciation of the present invention and its advantages, the following Example is provided. It will be understood, however, that these Examples are illustrative and not limiting in any fashion.
Five coolant compositions listed as Examples 1-5 in Table 1 were prepared by combining the specific indicated components listed in the table in a fully formulated base antifreeze solution that included, in percent by weight based on the final total weight of the final antifreeze formulation, 95% ethylene glycol, sodium borate (0.20%); sodium molybdate (0.30%); mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) (0.40%, 50% active); tolyltriazole (0.20%); sodium silicate (0.10%) as well as surfactants, scale inhibitors and defoamers (0.05 %) to provide a concentrated coolant composition. Each of the concentrated coolant compositions was then diluted with water having a hardness of about 300 ppm and a pH between about 8.3 and about 8.5 to provide the coolant compositions listed as examples 1-5. These coolant compositions were then evaluated according to ASTM D-2809 Standard Text Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Bench Test described below.
Concentrated Coolant Compositions
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Adipic acid
Sebacic acid
dioic acid
0.4 mg
12.4 mg
87 mg
4.8 mg
4.9 mg
Bench Test
*Examples 1-5 were diluted 50:50 with water having a hardness of 300 ppm for both test procedures.
This test procedure can help evaluate the effect of high flow velocities on solder and aluminum components. A fixture containing three preweighed bundles were placed in line of a flowing system. The flow rate and temperature were held constant throughout the test. The aluminum specimens were galvanically coupled to cast iron. The test duration was seven days. At the end of test, the weight loss due to erosion corrosion was determined on the aluminum samples. The flow stand had a loop capable of flowing 15 gallons (57 liters) of test solution at 5-50 gal. per minute (19-190) liters per minute), and holding 3 sets of test bundles (1 ⅝in. (5.1 cm) diameter radiator hose). Test fixture was capable of holding 3 sets of test bundles (17 in. (43 cm) length).
A. Specimens and Test Solution Preparation:
Specimens: Aluminum and Cast Iron samples are of the type used in ASTM D1384 glassware test. Various aluminum alloys for testing can be obtained from Metal Samples Co., Inc. Munford, Alabama. The samples were cleaned before testing by placing them in acetone to remove processing oils. The samples were then wrapped in an absorbent towel and placed in dessicator to dry. Test solutions were prepared by combining antifreeze and SCA formulations in 300 ppm hard water. The hard water contained 277 mg CaCl2, 123 Mg MgSO4. 7H2O, and 210 mg NaHCO3 per liter.
B. Test Procedure:
1. Samples were to the nearest 0.1 mg. Then using ASTM D-1384 hardware, test bundles were prepared in the following sequence: teflon spacer, aluminum specimen, steel spacer, cast iron specimen, steel spacer, aluminum specimen, teflon spacer. A brass machine screw was inserted through the test fixture and the test bundle in order to secure the bundle to the fixture. The aluminum specimens in each bundle were of the same alloy.
2. All bundles were prepared in this same sequence. The other bundles were attached to the test fixture, making sure that there is at least 4 inches between each bundle on the fixture.
3. T he test fixture was placed in the flow loop and the connections secured to prevent leakage.
4. The t test solution we re heated to 88� C. (190� F.) and flow direct through the flow loop.
5. The flow rate was adjusted to achieve the proper flow velocity across the test fixture.
6. At the completion of the test,test fixtures were removed from flow loop.
7. The test bundles were dissembled and cleaned in accordance with ASTM D-1384. After drying the samples their weight was determined to the nearest 0.1 mg.
C. Calculations:
Weight loss=A-B =C, where A=Weight before test, B=Weight after test, and C=Weight loss.
Due to the configuration of the individual test bundles, each alloy was run in duplicate. The individual weight losses for a single alloy agreed within 20%, and the average weight loss in milligrams was reported. (J. A. Worden, J. F. Burke & T. Cox, "Development of Aluminum Cooling System Components for a 10.8 liter Diesel Engine", SAE Technical Paper Series 960643 pp. 46-59, 1996, incorporated herein by reference).
As can be seen from Table 1, the coolant composition containing adipic acid provides enhanced aluminum protection in the presence of hard water. Further as can be observed for Examples 4 and 5, inclusion of adipic acid in amounts as low as 0.2 wt % based upon the total weight of the coolant additive provides enhanced aluminum protection.
Further, it is understood that the addition of adipic acid synergistically enhances the protection of both aluminum and iron surfaces in the presence of nitrite salts and molybdate salts. In alternative embodiments, the addition of a combined organic acid component that includes adipic acid and sebacic acid provides even enhanced protection for the metal surfaces of the cooling system.
The present invention contemplates modifications as would occur to those skilled in the art. It is also contemplated that compositions and processes embodied in the present invention can be altered, rearranged, substituted, deleted, duplicated, combined, or added to other processes as would occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the various stages, steps, procedures, techniques, phases, and operations within these processes may be altered, rearranged, substituted, deleted, duplicated, or combined as would occur to those skilled in the art.
Further, any theory of operation, proof, or finding stated herein is meant to further enhance understanding of the present invention and is not intended to make the scope of the present invention dependent upon such theory, proof, or finding. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings, examples and foregoing description, the same is considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in character, it is understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
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|Great Wall Lubricating Oil Application Research Center Co. Ltd.
|Method for increasing stability of cooling fluid for engine
|Dec 21, 2004
|Oct 14, 2008
|Hercules Chemical Company Incorporated
|Corrosion inhibiting heat transfer materials
|Jun 29, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Heat transfer fluid compositions for cooling systems containing magnesium or magnesium alloys
|Aug 1, 2003
|Jun 19, 2012
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Glycol-free aqueous anti-freeze agent containing dicarboxylic salts
|May 11, 2005
|Jan 26, 2006
|Chunhui Zhang
|Method for increasing stability of cooling fluid for engine
|Dec 21, 2004
|Jun 22, 2006
|Hercules Chemical Company Incorporated
|Corrosion inhibiting heat transfer materials
|Aug 1, 2003
|Jul 27, 2006
|Bernd Wenderoth
|Glycol-free aqueous anti-freeze agent containing dicarboxylic salts
|Jun 27, 2007
|Jan 3, 2008
|Alverson Frederick C
|Additive combinations, antifreeze concentrates, coolant compositions, and method for using same to provide corrosion and oxidation inhibition at high temperatures
|Nov 26, 2009
|Hyundai Motor Company
|Antifreeze coolant composition having high heat-oxidation resistance
|Nov 17, 2009
|Mar 11, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Heat transfer fluid compositions for cooling systems containing magnesium or magnesium alloys
|U.S. Classification
|252/73, 252/380, 252/78.3, 252/74, 252/75, 252/71, 252/76, 252/389.2, 252/387, 252/388
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 6, 2000
Owner name: FLEETGUARD, INC., A TENNESSEE CORPORATION, TENNES
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Owner name: CUMMINS FILTRATION INC., TENNESSEE
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FLEETGUARD, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018573/0577
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crime & punishment: sobriety
Posted in the Christian Forum
1 - 1 of 1 Comments Last updated Mar 20, 2013
#1 Mar 20, 2013
When beggars steal money, people empathize with their minor sin because it is motivated by desperation and not wrath so much.
However, when someone commits murder knowingly, no one really pays attention to their motivation --- they only judge the fact that the unforgivable crime of murder was committed. Even in times of war when soldiers are "federally ordered" to kill people, standards of political urgency are weighed against assessments of political greed.
The crime-pensive Hollywood (USA) movie "Thief" (1981) explores the story of a skillful and weary thief who decides to take on one last difficult job before retiring with his new girlfriend and son. This movie evokes empathy about the social and emotional frustrations that lead to crime without suggesting that a life of crime is in some measurable way easy or simple.
So how should people assess crime when everyone, as the Bible suggests, is vulnerable to sin? The stern ancient world law-ambitious Code of Hammurabi was a social agreement code that sanctioned extreme forms of punishment as antidotes to criminal seduction. However, sometimes lenient forms of punishment, as modern law suggests, create spiritual health.
Consumer-savvy modern artifacts such as the "Diner Dash" (GameLab) video game and society-communication Hollywood (USA) movies such as "Syriana" (2005) reveal a general social interest in celebrating ambition, which suggests that crime and punishment philosophy must be tempered with prudent self-criticism.
Are they printing movie posters on hemp/recycled paper yet?
God bless!
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When disaster strikes, resources are often tight and coordination is vital.
By joining a disaster response organization and receiving the proper training before an emergency hits, you can support first responders and keep your community safe.
Well-meaning volunteers who show up to disaster sites unprepared and unassigned can make things more difficult for professional responders. The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA) encourages residents to become trained volunteers who can help quickly in times of need. MEMA provides tips for getting involved in emergency preparedness and response with local organizations before disaster strikes.
Take CERT Disaster Preparedness Training
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) promotes a neighbors helping neighbors approach to emergency preparedness. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training can prepare you to help your community before professional responders arrive. Classes cover basic response skills, including:
- Fire safety
- Team organization
- Light search and rescue
There are more than 100 CERTs throughout Massachusetts, so check the website to find a CERT program near you.
Join a Volunteer Organization
One of the best ways you can prepare for an emergency is to register with a disaster response organization, including:
- Medical Reserve Corps — The Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a national network of volunteers organized by local units. The MRC responds to emergencies that affect public health, such as natural disasters and disease outbreaks. Volunteers may be called in to assist with health screenings or vaccination efforts, or to provide administrative support. Visit the MRC website to learn about volunteering and find an MRC unit near you.
- Massachusetts Responds — MA Responds is a statewide registration, credentialing, and notification system that works in partnership with local MRCs and response organizations across the Commonwealth. Being a part of MA Responds isn't a commitment to respond to every disaster — it just indicates that you are willing to lend a hand in the event of a public health emergency. While a health care background is a plus, anyone who is interested in helping is encouraged to register for MA Responds.
For more volunteer opportunities, contact your local Emergency Management Director (EMD) or public safety officials.
During disasters, communities need trained volunteers. Leave a comment below or tweet @MassGov with questions about opportunities.
Tags: community response, disaster preparedness, disaster relief, disaster response, disaster volunteering, emergency preparedness, emergency response, emergency volunteers, FEMA, mema
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Relevant offers
Thousands of parents receiving a benefit do not have enough money to meet their children's basic school costs each year.
More than 28,000 loans were provided to families who could not afford to buy school uniforms, stationery, school administration or examination fees in the past financial year, including 1642 payments to struggling Waikato families.
The Government spent $254,221 in school uniform payments to Waikato beneficiaries in the 2013 financial year.
Social Development Minister Paula Bennett says the figures show that sometimes people need a "little extra help" to cover bills, but a leading child poverty advocate says it is indicative of benefits not meeting price increases.
The figures, released to the Waikato Times under the Official Information Act, show the number of advance payments to beneficiaries so that they could cover the cost of sending their child to school dropped dramatically between 2010 and 2012.
Between 2012 and 2013 the number of payments stayed relatively static across all regions, although demand in Auckland and Northland lifted into 2013.
But the convener of the Child Poverty Action Group, Associate Professor Mike O'Brien, said the substantial drop in the number of payments was contrary to most indicators, which suggested need was as strong as ever.
"All the anecdotal and evidential information we have from schools, the health sector [and] from social service providers are all pointing to increased need and pressure on families.
"Yet at the same time the rules are being tightened so that it is becoming more difficult for families to get support and assistance when they need it."
Poverty Action Waikato researcher Rose Black also said the figures were "counter-intuitive" and most likely reflected the Government's policy of reducing the number of people on benefits.
Mr O'Brien said benefits were not meeting price increases, and the demand for school-related costs was another symptom of child poverty in New Zealand. "Overall the consumer price index, in terms of low income households, has had a heavier impact than the general CPI has had."
But Ms Bennett played down rising costs in relation to benefits and said that sometimes, when several bills came at once, people just needed a little extra help.
"The National Government introduced legislation to ensure the benefit increases every year with the cost of living and while no one says it's easy living on a benefit, the majority of people do manage to live within their means."
In Waikato, the total amount paid for school-related costs dropped by a quarter, to $301, 404.
The overall amount spent on hardship assistance (which includes advanced payments, special needs grants and recoverable assistance programme payments) was reduced by $23.4 million between 2009 and 2012.
Work and Income deputy chief executive Debbie Power said the reduction in funding came as a result of the Government's Future Focus benefit changes introduced in 2010.
However, she said the change correlated with a drop in the number of applications received over the same period.
Advance payments on benefits are available to beneficiaries who require a one-off payment to cover an immediate need or essential item. It is then paid back through benefit deductions.
The highest single advance payment for school-related costs in the past three financial years was $1896 to a beneficiary in Taranaki. It paid for school uniforms, school shoes and stationery for seven children.
- Waikato Times
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Nieuwezijds Armsteeg 95 , Amsterdam | map | distance
| website | facebook | +31 20 331 8327 |
weekday 12:00 - 06:00
weekend 24 hours
audience rating 4.0 stars from 45 votes - click to vote
Awards 2014
4 Star Winner 2015
4 Star Winner
Popular gay sauna (opened November 2013), run by the same management team of Club Church. Facilities at Nieuwezijds include a big Turkish bath, steam room, Finnish sauna, 8-man jacuzzi, dark room and private cabins.
Open 7 days a week, from noon to 6am the next day, and 24 hours on the weekend. Gets very busy on weekends, so be prepared to queue. Free drink included in entry price.
features bar, cafe, internet access, steam room, massage, sauna, jacuzzi / hot pool, relaxing cabins, dark room, free wi-fi, cruise / fetish | Updated: 06-09-2016
user reviews:
"What a nice surprise, I heard good comments about NZ but they run short of credit. It's superb, maybe I was new flesh, but I met some of the best guys ever. Hot, nice and well endowed, what else can you ask for?. The staff is very nice and helpful, the place is the cleanest and best organised I've been. And believe me..." Fernando
"I thoroughly enjoyed myself at NZ. My goal was to have as much horny fun as possible, and I was not disappointed: There were all types of guys and none of the attitude that you can experience at some of these kinds of places. Once I got past the brightly lit changing area, and into the labrynth of hallways and opportun..." Mark
"A really nice place for hot play, I have been there several times, last time May 20th. Nice cruising and play areas, clean and nice personnel." terje
Reviews are the subjective opinions of Travel Gay Europe users, not of Travel Gay Europe.
Raamstraat 33 , Amsterdam
| website | facebook | +31 20 623 9158 |
audience rating 2.8 stars from 22 votes - click to vote
Awards 2014
3 Star Winner
Currently CLOSED (August 2015).
Amsterdam's leading gay sauna and one of the largest in Europe. Thermos Sauna has been in business for 50 years.
Facilities on 5 floors include dry sauna, steam bath, whirlpool, swimming pool, bar, restaurant, internet corner, cabins, roof terrace, and sun beds. Massage service, hair salon and sportswear shop are available.
features bar, music, restaurant, shop, internet access, swimming pool, steam room, massage, sauna, sun terrace, jacuzzi / hot pool, relaxing cabins, dark room | Updated: 05-01-2016
user reviews:
"Went to this sauna at the beginning of May 2015 and found it temporarily closed. On their website they explain that the place went bankrupt. A real pity!!! However, they intend to reopen, as the place has been a part of Dutch gay history. Check their website and Facebook page for updates." Charlie
"If you are into old guys this is your place. Otherwise avoid. Staff is rude and impolite. The other sauna NZ near Central Station is a hundred times better." June
"I have been coming to Thermos for many years and simply love the fact that you pay, undress n lock your stuff, go in and enjoy yourself within a cashless system. Everyone knows what the place is about and everyone should respect the house rules & the moment of time that, whether it is full or not, is part of busine..." Miguel
Reviews are the subjective opinions of Travel Gay Europe users, not of Travel Gay Europe.
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Officer, gunman killed in Ind. shootout
Officer Brent Long died a few hours after the shooting Monday afternoon
Duty Death: Brent Long - [Terre Haute, Indiana]
Associated Press
TERRE HAUTE, Ind. — A police officer and a man being served an arrest warrant have been killed during a gun battle at a home in western Indiana.
Assistant Terre Haute Police Chief Shawn Keen says Officer Brent Long died a few hours after the shooting Monday afternoon on the city's north side. Keen says Long was a six-year police veteran and a member of the city's SWAT team.
Indiana State Police Sgt. Joe Watts says the suspected gunman was 33-year-old Shaun M. Seeley.
Watts says Long and his dog, Shadow, were among a team of state, federal and local officers serving the warrant for violation of probation and receiving stolen goods. Watts says the suspect opened fire within seconds of them entering the home.
The dog also was shot and is being treated.
Copyright 2011 Associated Press
Copyright Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Mad Max: Fury Road 2015
This movie was perhaps the biggest surprise for me last year in terms of execution and down-right entertainment. I should start by elaborating; I wasn't particularly excited or even impressed by the trailer and here are a few reasons why...
The trailer showed too much action and for some reason only displayed the latter of the emotionality which normally attracts me to movie projects. It showed way too much action and not in a good way and I speak specifically…
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Well-shot but often painfully dull Bigfoot movie from Australia as two enterprising gold-hunters find themselves running from the hairy beast in the woods. They also find themselves fighting each other, when the lure of the gold proves far too strong for one. Vernon Wells shows up for the most interesting scene for the film, which is also dedicated to Ray Harryhausen. The monster effects are far from his work, consisting of actors in hairy suits that don't look particularly realistic at all. The camera also reveals shows the monster's face, as if maybe the effect was so bad that they wanted to skip showing it.
In Bruges 2008
I wasn't as impressed as some with the movie "Phone Booth" and after "The Recruit" I was left convinced that Colin Farrell was completely hopeless as an actor. However, I checked out "In Bruges" because of the hype and was happily surprised to find that, in his natural accent and in the genre of comedy, Colin Farrell is absolutely brilliant. I have seen more evidence of this since then. In the film "The Way Back" Colin Farrell has a somewhat…
Avengers: Age of Ultron 2015
Often I rewatch a film and have nothing new to say about it. Occasionally I'll come back to a film like Calvary (with Brendan Gleeson) and realise I had the wrong expectations. On another occasion though, I'll realise that the excitement of a cinema trip has clouded my judgement.
I had thought Age Of Ultron was appropriately silly fun, but this time around there weren't as many successful gags as I remembered. And, perhaps worst of all, every attempt to…
Star Wars: The Force Awakens 2015
Yes. Loved it. A wonderful film. The new cast are great. I'm not posting spoilers because it will ruin it. Just watch it!
Inglourious Basterds 2009
This is a movie that with recent viewings has got better and better. It's ironic how the most restrained movie in his canon is perhaps one his best films today. Inglourious Basterds is a great film and a movie that I have come to admire each time I watch it.
This movie isn't like most Tarantino movies in that while it has some of his core elements bottled in, they seem restricted and not so over-the-top. There is violence, but…
Pulp Fiction 1994
This is my all time favorite Quentin Tarantino film.
It combines all of his wacky and radical elements into one film; brutal violence, offensive language and obviously mass pop-culture references. But it's not just all of that which engages me... It's a lot more than just that.
Tarantino's movies are latent with relatable and iconic characters and this might just be the movie with the most of everything. Every character will open their mouths to speak some pop-culture heavy monologues…
Star Wars: The Force Awakens 2015
Yes! Thank The Force, we did it! Yes, America, the free world, we've seen another great Star Wars Episode, and it's beautiful.
J.J. Abrams, you were my modern influence... But now you are my Hero. (':
May the Force bless your soul...
I need to see this film at least three more times in the theater (IMAX).


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Pockrass: Denny Hamlin with 'nothing to lose' at Sonoma
He's no advocate for road-course racing, but Denny Hamlin wouldn't mind a win at Sonoma either. And given his position, he'll take an aggressive attitude into the weekend.
He's no advocate for road-course racing, but Denny Hamlin wouldn't mind a win at Sonoma either. And given his position, he'll take an aggressive attitude into the weekend.
Is this finally Brad Keselowski's week to get his first Sprint Cup win on a road course? Our crew delves into that and much more.
Tony Stewart, frustrated after practice Friday, said he's ready for his Sprint Cup career to come to a close. "I'm ready to go run stuff that makes me happy," he said.
After taking a look at the superspeedway aerodynamic package following three cars getting airborne at Talladega, NASCAR has opted to stand pat going into Daytona.
AJ Allmendinger tries not to think of the road-course races as all-or-nothing, and with a better place in the standings heading into Sonoma this year, that's easier.
Matthew Willis provides his best value picks for daily fantasy NASCAR this week at Sonoma Raceway. He recommends Kurt Busch, who finished in second place last year.
With the Xfinity and Camping World Truck Series around halfway through their regular seasons, the Chase in each is taking shape, Bob Pockrass writes in the Monday Rundown.
A lot will go in to transforming Bristol Motor Speedway from a racetrack to a football stadium that will host Virginia Tech vs. Tennessee. Obliterating the attendance record is part of the fun.
Mike Wallace was punched in the face by the youngest of the three men who were arrested on assault charges for an alleged attack on the Wallace family after a concert, according to case files.
Sam Hornish Jr. led 183 of 250 laps in his first race of 2016 and cruised to victory in Sunday's NASCAR Xfinity race at the Iowa Speedway.
Sisters Paige and Claire Decker will attempt to make their NASCAR Xfinity Series debut Sunday, while cousin Natalie Decker is preparing for an ARCA Midwest Tour race in July.
William Byron held off a late charge from Cole Cluster on Saturday at Iowa Speedway to secure a second win in a row and three in nine career NASCAR Truck starts.
Joey Logano has reached elite status, but how long before the likes of Chase Elliott and Ryan Blaney join him? Our crew of insiders delves into that and much more.
After a win at Michigan, Joey Logano moved up, while Kyle Busch took a tumble in Ryan McGee's Sprint Cup Power Rankings.
Brad Keselowski called Wednesday "one of the best days of my life" after he took laps in an IndyCar during a test run, but he said there are no plans for him to compete in an IndyCar event.
A rules violation found after Sunday's race at Michigan dropped Kyle Larson to 21st in the standings.
Despite using a new rule package during Sunday's Cup race at Michigan, NASCAR remains hesitant in making permanent changes for now, Bob Pockrass writes in the Monday Rundown.
Nearly 40 percent of ThorSport Racing's 100,000-square-foot shop was destroyed by fire Monday, leaving the team's crewmen to work in parking lots on the street Tuesday.
A new aerodynamic package made for some risk-taking and on-the-edge racing in Michigan, and it also produced a first-time winner in 2016, as Joey Logano led 138 of 200 laps. Disaster averted.
Joey Logano became the 10th driver to win a NASCAR race this season by winning Sunday's Sprint Cup race at Michigan International Speedway.
Dale Earnhardt Jr. and Brad Keselowski will be the focus for many in the crowd Sunday for the FireKeepers Casino 400.
On Sunday, expect to see many drivers struggle to control their cars with the new aerodynamic package, but it will also allow the talent to shine.
Kurt Busch snapped a 34-race winless streak with his victory at Pocono on Monday, taking the pressure off himself -- and his crew -- in the process. Trips to victory lane boost the entire team.
Daniel Suarez' first goal was to learn English, then to win his first NASCAR national series race with JGR. It happened Saturday at Michigan.
Daniel Suarez earned his first career Xfinity Series race victory while also becoming the first Mexican driver to win a NASCAR national series race.
Xfinity Series driver Erik Jones honored his father, who died Tuesday, by putting his name above the door of his car before the Menards 250 in his home state.
William Byron, an 18-year-old rookie, took the lead with five laps to go and then held off Matt Crafton and Rico Abreu to win the Rattlesnake 400 on Friday at Texas Motor Speedway.
With Kasey Kahne at risk of missing the Chase, questions about his future with Hendrick Motorsports loom. Our crew of NASCAR insiders delves into that and much more.
Drivers are excited about a new aerodynamic package that could making passing easier in Michigan this weekend. That's good news after last year's race was a dog.
Kurt Busch was only lacking one thing to put him atop Ryan McGee's Sprint Cup Power Rankings. He crossed that first victory off his "to-do" list Monday at Pocono.
Matthew Willis provides his best early value picks, including Kevin Harvick, for daily fantasy NASCAR this week at Michigan.
Kurt Busch is one of the better drivers in NASCAR who can do what he needs to when he's told what will work. He saved fuel and drove to yet another victory Monday at Pocono.
NASCAR suspended Chad Johnston, Kyle Larson's crew chief, for one race and fined him $20,000 for having a missing lug nut after Pocono race.
Kurt Busch won the Sprint Cup race Monday at Pocono Raceway after stretching his fuel to the checkered flag.
What has Furniture Row Racing found? What led to Martin Truex Jr.'s dominance at Charlotte last week? Ricky Craven figures it's just a great driver finally hitting his stride in the Sprint Cup.
As the Sprint Cup Series hits the second half of the regular season, Bob Pockrass has a look at what has been good, sometimes very good, the bad and the ugly.
Martin Truex Jr. dominated in historic fashion last week, and his price in DFS rose accordingly. Is he still worthy of a spot on your roster?
Is Martin Truex Jr. really among the championship favorites? Our gang of NASCAR insiders delves into that and much more.
Martin, who will be a member of the 2017 NASCAR Hall of Fame class, on Sunday attended his first race since retiring after the 2013 Sprint Cup season. Martin says he felt like he didn't belong.
Kurt Busch added his name to the list of Sprint Cup winners Monday at Pocono Raceway, joining eight other drivers who are all but guaranteed to make the Chase in September.
Kyle Larson won the rain-shortened Xfinity Series race at Pocono Raceway for his first NASCAR victory of the season.
The names across the top of the windshields in the Coca-Cola 600 held special meaning Sunday. The driver who honored Marine LCPL Nathan Ross Elrod -- Kevin Harvick -- stays atop Ryan McGee's Sprint Cup Power Rankings.
Matthew Willis provides his best value picks for daily fantasy NASCAR this week at Pocono Raceway. For the second consecutive week, he recommends building around Martin Truex Jr.
While Martin Truex Jr. dominated the Coca-Cola 600 on Sunday, the question remains is this what NASCAR fans reallywant to see?. Bob Pockrass breaks that down and more in the Monday Rundown.
Martin Truex Jr. has looked like a winner all year. He finalized the deal Sunday with a dominating performance in the Coca-Cola 600 and for the first time had his owner on hand to celebrate.
Martin Truex Jr. led for 392 of the 400 laps at the Coca-Cola 600 en route to his first Sprint Cup win of the season.
As Rick Hendrick and Richard Childress get ready to enter the NASCAR Hall of Fame next year, their drivers talk about much they deserve the honor.
NASCAR salutes troops at nearly every event throughout the season, but the events to honor the military surrounding the Memorial Day Weekend Coca-Cola 600 are special to drivers and fans.
Danica Patrick made some fond memories in the Indy 500, but focused now on her NASCAR career, she's not thinking of going back to make new ones.
This was the best we have ever ran on Friday @RaceSonoma. All credit to @Ives_Greg and the @AxaltaRacing crew for a fast car. Fun stuff!
.@DaleJr and the @AxaltaRacing team has earned @RaceSonoma's @GREATracing Fast Friday Award! 🏆 pic.twitter.com/RdKh3bMHBd
The inside scoop on the many challenges of @RaceSonoma ➡: bit.ly/28UA47t pic.twitter.com/EFH0wxpjZw
ICYMI: Roger's peers... guys like @GanassiChip, @TonyStewart and @BobRahal... share their memories of #Penske50 amp.twimg.com/v/ce5d7c25-455…
Final practice @RaceSonoma ✔. Here's where we finished: 1⃣ @DaleJr 9⃣ @kaseykahne 1⃣3⃣ @JimmieJohnson 2⃣4⃣ @chaseelliott
Surprise, surprise: Dale Earnhardt Jr., not known as a great road racer, had the top speed in final Sprint Cup practice Friday at Sonoma Raceway. Earnhardt was strong all day, and Kyle Busch mentioned Earnhardt as a car that has looked impressive.
That is a wrap on practice for @DaleJr and the No. 88 team, they finished on 🔝 of the leaderboard. #NW88JR pic.twitter.com/a02GFwKFjM
With just 1⃣0⃣ minutes remaining in final practice, the @LowesRacing team makes a few final🔧⚙. pic.twitter.com/R4OOOlEnYs
Correction: Final practice ends at 4:55 PST. #NW88JR twitter.com/nationwide88/s…
5 minutes left in practice and @DaleJr still holds down the top spot on the leaderboard. #NW88JR
.@DaleJr heads back on track for another qualifying run. Still P 1⃣ on the charts. 🚗💨 pic.twitter.com/pBppBENWkY
With 3⃣0⃣ minutes remaining in final practice, the @GREATracing team checks 📉 as @kaseykahne is P 8⃣ @RaceSonoma. pic.twitter.com/1hO8FM2KSX
.@DaleJr is fastest on the speed charts. 95.298 mph 🚗💨💨 twitter.com/hendrick88team…
.@DaleJr's first qualifying run puts him on TOP of the leaderboard at @RaceSonoma. #NW88JR #DaleYeah pic.twitter.com/JGccSYb7Uf
The team of Kyle Busch is having to replace its brake duct in the nose of its car after Busch hit a rabbit during practice Friday at Sonoma Raceway.
Practice was stopped briefly Friday afternoon after Kyle Busch hit a rabbit while turning a lap on the Sonoma Raceway course.
We 👀 you @kaseykahne. 🚙💨 Currently P 3⃣ on the speed charts. 👍 pic.twitter.com/J9X1Pfd3H2
The crew of the @allianceparts @FordPerformance team at work during final practice @RaceSonoma pic.twitter.com/aGoxCnu5bp


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The Funniest Dogs You've Ever Seen
10 Best Fruits and Vegetables for Dogs
5 Dangerous Signs of Renal Disease in Cats
3 Commands Your Dog Needs to Know
5 Weird Cat Habits That Don't Make Sense
Why Cats Like People Who Don't Like Cats
7 Things You Should NEVER Do to Your Dog
7 Homemade Dog Food & Treat Recipes
These Dog Breeds Have The Longest Life Spans
3 Natural Flea Treatments That Vets Say DON'T Work
Why Do Dogs Really Eat Grass?
Why Do Dogs Tilt Their Heads?
10 Lovable Cat Breeds
4 Ways to Keep Your Indoor Cat Entertained While You're Away
Human Foods that Are Dangerous for Cats
What Dog Breed is Best For Children?
The Top 23 Smartest Dogs
5 Of The Most Popular Dog Breeds In The World
Five Common Litter Box Mistakes You're Making
Licking Your Face And What It Means
The Cat's Meow: Do You Know Why Cats Meow?
When Dogs Bite, Who is to Blame?
Accidents Happen: How to Clean Cat Urine in Your Home
The 3 Best Cat Litters of 2015
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Are Cardboard Boxes Good For Cats?
Treats That Are Actually Good For Your Dog
Cat Returns The Favor To Soldier Who Saved His Life
5 Reasons Your Cat is Peeing on the Bed
Senior Cats: What To Expect


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Gents and Ladies Championship Finals Day today. course reserved until 10.15 in the morning and then from 12.07 to 2.30 in the afternoon.
26.06.2016 07:58
We have competitive Corporate Packages available on request. What an excellent way to entertain clients/reward employees with a round of golf at Largs Golf Club.
Please contact our Secretary, Debbie Boyce on 01475 673594 for more details.


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WATCH: The Joe Girardi Show: Family
Yankees manager Joe Girardi's daughter Serena joins the program to discuss the man she calls dad.
Via YES Network
20 minutes ago | Discuss
Yankees, StubHub strike deal, set resale ad price floor
NEW YORK (AP) The Yankees and StubHub ended their squabble, announcing a sponsorship agreement Monday that sets an advertising minimum price for resale tickets. StubHub will become the official fan-to-fan ticket reseller for the Yankees, replacing Ticketmaster's Yankee Ticket Exchange, and will be fully operational July 7. Ticketmaster will still remain the primary ticket vendor...
Via Associated Press
29 minutes ago | Discuss
Waiting is understandable, but the sooner the Yankees decide to sell, the better
One of the best and worst things about baseball these days is the second wildcard. It's great because it gives more teams a chance at the postseason, and that's generally a good thing for baseball. The Giants won the 2014 World Series as the second wildcard team, remember. Fans want to watch their team play meaningful games and the race for the second wildcard means more meaningful...
Via River Avenue Blues
53 minutes ago
Yankees president rips media, calls deadline fire sale talk 'nonsense'
Yankees 7 1/2 games back in AL East, says that's not unusual NEW YORK -- Yankees team president Randy Levine ripped the media while saying it's too soon for the club to decide whether it will buy or sell at the trade deadline. Levine also said the Yankees are capable of playing better and that the team is still in the playoff hunt. "I don't...
Via NJ.com
1 hour ago
Yankees, StubHub agree to multiyear deal
The Yankees and Stubhub announced on Monday that they have reached agreement on a multiyear sponsorship deal, designating the company as the team's official fan-to-fan ticket resale marketplace.
Via Yankees.com
1 hour ago
Glimmer of hope: Yankees' Mark Teixeira snaps homerless streak
It was his first since April 13 NEW YORK -- When Yankees first baseman Mark Teixeira strolled to the plate in the eighth inning Sunday afternoon at Yankee Stadium it had been 74 days and 174 at-bats since he hit a home run in a major league baseball game, the longest drought in his career. Both of those numbers are now back to zero. Teixeira...
Via NJ.com
5 hours ago
Column: Yankees must get a grip on reality
The New York Yankees need to get a grip on reality. This is not a good ballclub. It is time that those running the organization – Hal Steinbrenner and Brian Cashman, mostly – stop pretending otherwise. The 2016 Yankees are mediocre at best, as evidenced by their .500 record 74 games into the season. At times the team looks respectabl, an honorable mention for wild card contention...
Via Today's Knuckleball
6 hours ago
Yankees Showered With Boos As Soft Part Of Schedule Ends
The boos rained hot and heavy on Sunday afternoon as the Yankees fell, yet again, back to .500 on the season, to a disheartening 37-37 record. Just 7 games away from the 81 game mark (halfway through the season) and the Yankees are continuing to do what they've done since the start: run in place.Having never been one for booing at a sports event. I prefer cold indifference demonstrated...
Via Lady At The Bat
6 hours ago
Yankees make it clear: Luis Severino still has work to do
Severino has a 3.10 ERA in five starts NEW YORK -- Since he returned from the disabled list and was shipped to Triple-A on June 3, Yankees' right-hander has been OK. He's sporting a 3.19 ERA in five starts and has struck out 26 batters in 31 innings. But the Yankees don't seem impressed yet, at least not enough to warrant a promotion. And...
Via NJ.com
7 hours ago
Yankees reach $100M ticket resale deal with StubHub
The feud between the Yankees and StubHub is over — now that the team has agreed to a landmark deal that will make the fan-to-fan ticket exchange company the organization's official reseller. Both parties are expected to announce the final terms of the agreement on Monday morning, but according to ESPN, the Bronx Bombers could...
Via New York Post
10 hours ago
New York Yankees: New deal with StubHub
The New York Yankees have been hit hard this season through dwindling attendance and widespread criticism from fans about their ticket prices and policies. Being the main seller of secondary tickets to the other 29 franchises since 2012, StubHub has been in a feud with the Yankees since that time. Publicly complaining about the company for years, the Yankees have been unwilling to...
Via isportsweb.com
13 hours ago | Discuss
Yankees' new core 4 isn't the problem — the other 21 are
The Core Four these days in The Bronx is Carlos Beltran, Andrew Miller, Dellin Betances and Aroldis Chapman. Not exactly Derek Jeter, Jorge Posada, Andy Pettitte and Mariano Rivera, but good enough to give the don't-be-seller romantics a flicker of hope. If the Yankees plan on making any kind of noise this summer, their current...
Via New York Post
19 hours ago
Eovaldi's rocky June extended with 4 HRs
In May, Yankees right-hander Nathan Eovaldi took five steps forward. But in June, he's followed that with five steps back.
Via Yankees.com
19 hours ago
Teixeira snaps career-long HR drought
Mark Teixeira slugged his fourth home run of the year in the eighth inning off the Twins' Tyler Duffey, accounting for New York's only run in a 7-1 loss. It was Teixeira's first homer since April 13 at Toronto, a span of 147 at-bats that represents the longest drought of his career.
Via Yankees.com
20 hours ago
New York Yankees need to beat good teams in order to prove they belong in Contention
After their 2-1 victory over the Minnesota Twins on Saturday, the New York Yankees found themselves over .500 for the first time since June 10 when they were 31-30. The Bronx Bombers have done it with solid enough pitching from their staff and the right amount of offense. However, they have also done it against some of the worst teams in baseball. To convince their fans and the...
Via The Sports Journal
1 day ago | Discuss
Game 73 Recap: All the way up over .500
The New York Yankees reached the .500 mark Friday night after their 5-3 victory over the visiting Minnesota Twins, so the objective on Saturday afternoon was simple: Push themselves into the above .500 threshold. The much-maligned Michael Pineda took the mound for the Yankees on a beautiful Saturday in The Bronx and wound up delivering a performance that was perhaps comparable to...
Yankees activate 1B Mark Teixeira from DL, cut Ike Davis
NEW YORK (AP) First baseman Mark Teixeira has been activated from the 15-day disabled list and is in the New York Yankees' lineup against the Minnesota Twins. Teixeira is set to bat sixth on Saturday, his first major league game since June 3. The switch-hitter had been sidelined with torn cartilage in his right knee. To open a spot on the roster, New York designated first baseman...
Via Associated Press
2 days ago | Discuss
WATCH: CC Sabathia on Dellin Betances' success
CC Sabathia on Dellin Betances' success.
Via YES Network
2 days ago | Discuss
Alex Rodriguez's hamstring seems to be attached to his eyes
In everyday life we most commonly think of human bodies holistically. Walking down the street we tend to see the fine folk in our path as people instead of limbs, torsos, rib cages and facial features. Things are a little different when evaluating athletes. In baseball, arms, shoulders, elbows, legs, and hands are commonly scrutinized intently by scouts, fans and front office...
Game 71 Recap: Starlin earns his pinstripes
This recap was going to read very differently in the seventh inning of Wednesday's 9-8 Yankees' win. CC Sabathia finally had an off night, middle relievers once again came back to haunt the Yankees, and the offense couldn't do enough to overcome the deficit. Thankfully, the Yankees managed to come back from four runs and won the game in walk off fashion via a Starlin Castro...
'Brutally honest' Cashman knows Yankees may be sellers
New York Yankees general manager Brian Cashman isn't ready to concede the team should be sellers at the Aug. 1 trade deadline. But he nevertheless admitted his "brutally honest" nature will compel him to throw in the towel on the season if and when the time comes. Discussing the prospects of whether the Yankees will be buyers or sellers at the trade deadline ahead of Tuesday's...
Via Sportress of Blogitude
5 days ago | Discuss
Joe DiMaggio lawyer blocking hit streak bobblehead night
On the 75th anniversary of the famed 56-game hitting streak, the New York Yankees had planned to honor Joe DiMaggio. The Bronx Bombers wanted to mark the anniversary of the Yankee legend's greatest career accomplishment with a bobblehead. Unfortunately, that will not happen. The team and DiMaggio's lawyer, Morris Engelberg, could not agree on arrangements. Engelberg denied...
Via Sportsnaut
5 days ago | Discuss
Hal Steinbrenner confident Yankees can still make playoffs
The New York Yankees have looked like a mediocre team at best this season, and they have a 34-35 record that shows it. With the trade deadline a little over a month away, it might be in their best interest to be sellers for a change rather than buyers. Hal Steinbrenner doesn't see that happening. Why? Because the Yankees owner believes his team is still right in the thick of things...
Via Larry Brown Sports
6 days ago | Discuss
Joe Torre won't say whether he's invited to Derek Jeter's wedding
Derek Jeter and Hannah Davis finally will get married on July 2 in Napa Valley. While the guest list of course is being fiercely protected, it hasn't stopped the media from querying presumable invitees whether they will be in attendance. Joe Torre, Jeter's longtime manager with the New York Yankees, was asked recently if he made the guest list for the nuptials of the superpower...
Via Sportress of Blogitude
6 days ago | Discuss
New York Yankees: Could CC Sabathia make the All-Star team?
With the New York Yankees still stuck in mediocrity at 34-35 and sitting in fourth place in the AL East, one of the bright spots this season has definitely been the resurgent CC Sabathia. Written off as nothing more than a fringe #5 starter with a bloated contract, Sabathia has looked his best in years. That begs the question: could the 35-year-old actually make the All-Star team...
Via isportsweb.com
7 days ago | Discuss
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Articles tagged with: Disney Wonder
Disney Cruise Line »
Disney Cruise Line has recently announced a new slate of port adventures for its Alaska sailings during the summer of 2015.
The Family Gold Exploration and Mendenhall Glacier and Mine Ruin Exploration are slated for the port of call in Juneau. Guests will have a chance to trek to an eccentric miner's camp for stories around the campfire.
They'll also have a chance to explore the Treadwell Mining District on the Family Gold Exploration.
If guests want to pan for gold and garnets they can at the Alaska Gastineau Gold Mine and families …
Disney Cruise Line, Headline »
Disney Cruise Line recently announced its itineraries for 2016 and two new ports of call were added to the list – Tortola, British Virgin Islands and Martinique.
The cruise line also returns to the port of San Juan, Puerto Rico in 2016.
The first new itinerary is a seven night cruise from Port Canaveral, Florida to the Eastern Caribbean and includes stops in Tortola, St. Thomas, and Disney's private Bahamian island, Castaway Cay. The departure dates on the Disney Fantasy are: January 2, 16, 30; February 13 and 27; March 12 and …
Disney Cruise Line »
Disney Cruise Line has once again been recognized as a top cruise line by a travel magazine.
The cruise line was named the No. 1 "Large Ship Line" by Condé Nast Traveler in the 2014 Readers Choice Awards.
The winners were based on more than 1 million votes from 77,000 readers of the publication.
"The cast and crew at Disney Cruise Line are always immensely proud of awards like these that come directly from readers and our guests," said Karl Holz, president of Disney Cruise Line. "It's an honor to be recognized once …
Disney Cruise Line »
It might be back-to-school time on the calendar but it's never too early to start thinking about a holiday cruise on the Disney Cruise Line.
Starting in late November guests can enjoy the Very Merrytime Cruises on the Disney Wonder, Disney Dream, or Disney Fantasy. The celebrations include traditional "turkey day" meals, Christmas feasts, snow flurries, and New Year's Eve celebrations.
The Very Merrytime Cruises include: King Triton's Tree Lighting Ceremony in the atrium lobby on the first night at sea; family holiday activities; youth holiday crafts; holiday storytellers who share tales …
Disney Cruise Line »
This fall guests on all four Disney Cruise Line ships will have a chance to celebrate Halloween on the High Seas.
The special Halloween-themed cruises begin in September on the Disney Dream, Disney Fantasy, Disney Wonder, and Disney Magic.
This Halloween celebration includes themed-parties, entertainment, and Halloween décor including The Pumpkin Tree, which magically transforms throughout the cruise.
Disney Cruise Line chefs will be serving up Halloween-themed treats including spider cakes, Spooky Juice, and chocolate cake with pumpkin filling.
During Halloween on the High Seas guests can have a spooky good time at Mickey's …
Disney Cruise Line, Disney Media »
For the first time ever, Disney Cruise Line has been named the Top Mega-Ship Cruise Line by readers of Travel + Leisure magazine.
The cruise line was also named the Top Mega-Ship Cruise Line for Families for the sixth year in a row in the magazine's World's Best Awards 2014.
"We are honored once again to be recognized as the 'World's Best' for families by the readers of Travel + Leisure," said Karl Holz, president of Disney Cruise Line. "These awards really speak to what Disney Cruise Line is all about, creating …
Disney Cruise Line, Disney Media, Disney Movies, Disney Parks, Featured »
It's been a fun-filled week in the World of Disney news! Summer officially kicked off at the Disney Parks on both coasts this past Friday during the 24-hour Rock Your Disney Side party! So let's get this party started!
The Latest Disney News
Earlier this week there was news from the set of Star Wars Episode VII. Director J.J. Abrams announced the Star Wars Force for Change campaign, which is going to raise money for UNICEF while giving one lucky fan a walk-on role in the new film!
Speaking of Star Wars, our …
Disney Cruise Line, Featured »
Disney Cruise Line is returning to Hawaii for a limited-time engagement in the fall of 2015.
The cruise line is also adding a San Deigo departure and a Galveston, Texas departure to their itinerary for a special cruise season.
DCL announced two special 10-night cruises to the Hawaiian Islands in September 2015 on the Disney Wonder. Guests will have a chance to experience Waikiki on Oahu, Haleakala Crater on Maui, waterfalls on Kauai, and the Big Island.
The first 10-night sailing departs Vancouver on September 7 and visits Hilo, Kauai, Maui, and Honolulu …
Disney Cruise Line, Headline »
Disney Cruise Line has announced new itineraries for next summer, including a new sailing to Norway, the land that inspired the hit film Frozen.
Other summer 2015 itineraries include sailings from Copenhagen, Denmark to St. Petersburg, Russia, and cruises to the Mediterranean, Alaska, Caribbean, and Bahamas.
The seven- and nine-night Norwegian Fjords sailings on the Disney Magic depart from Cophenhagen and takes guests to ports in Stavanger, Alesund, Geiranger, and Bergen, Norway. Guests will visit the land that inspired Frozen's filmmakers and will have a chance to experience storybook villages and historic …
Disney Cruise Line »
Disney Cruise Line has announced a change in the way guests will pay for Internet usage while at sea.
Disney Cruise Line's Connect@Sea Internet is switching from per-minute plans to data allotment plans. The new plans will include a pay-as-you-go plan and a 1GB plan. Guests will receive detailed brochures in their staterooms. Information will also be available at the onboard Internet cafes and at Guest Services.
Guests sailing on the Disney Magic can already take advantage of the new packages, while the data allotment plans will be introduced on the Disney …


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Gainesville is ready to move forward with its comprehensive land-use plan, a report that will outline community development goals for the next 20 years.
School leaders are hoping to ease confusion about renewing a sales tax for education as early voters head to the ballot box this month.
With a ladder set up underneath Gainesville's famous Christmas tree, Anna Hauser climbed around from limb to limb Friday.
A man from the Netherlands has been sentenced in federal court for crimes related to his distribution of drugs through the U.S. Postal Service and cooperating U.S. citizens, including a Gainesville resident.
Gainesville police arrested two Atlanta men Thursday night, one of whom is accused of using fake checks, credit cards and identification to buy $1,800 in merchandise from local stores.
Free falling is a sensation Bianca Vera will never forget, and never wants to experience again.
Homeland security is more about "hometown security," the Rev. Rose Johnson-Mackey of Gainesville discovered in a trip to Washington.
Georgia State Patrol troopers do not expect to charge the teen driver of a car that struck and killed a 69-year-old woman Wednesday on East Hall Road.
Spring Street between Green and Bradford streets will be closed from 8:30-11:30 a.m. today.
A Dawsonville woman has been charged in connection with a five-vehicle, chain-reaction wreck that injured three people Thursday afternoon on Ga. 400.
Redeveloping downtown and attracting industry are the keys to success in 2011, Gainesville-Hall County Economic Development Council officials told Gainesville City Council members Thursday.
Meg Nivens is bringing a new energy to Vision 2030.
Wanda Bergman arrived at New Horizons West nursing home in Gainesville in a vegetative state that was supposed to last the rest of her life.
At its Thursday meeting, the Hall County Board of Commissioners contemplated keeping some of its departments in downtown Gainesville when it moves into the Liberty Mutual building later this year.
Hall County school buses ground to a halt Thursday morning after an unexpected layer of ice formed on streets.
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All the kids are doing it.
A former Hall County Fire Services battalion chief denied any sort of intimidation or threats of county employees, his attorney said Friday.
A 61-year-old man was indicted this month on a charge of rape from 2013, according to authorities.
Eugene Williams, who has been a Brenau University professor since 2008, has been named dean of the College of Education.
The truth of grandma's sayings about the benefits of gardening and nature was a subject for conversation Thursday in Anne's Garden at the ...
Employee pay raises are at the fore of a $97 million spending plan Hall County officials are considering for the 2017 fiscal year.
An Arizona-based developer got the green light Thursday to get bulldozers moving again on a 53-acre Flowery Branch subdivision that had been killed by the ...
Up to five craftsman-style cottages planned along Mulberry Street, a heavily wooded area off Atlanta Highway, got Flowery Branch City Council's approval Thursday night.
It's not unusual to see a school bus parked outside Sugar Hill Academy of Talent and Career, but the bus stopped there Thursday morning ...
A Gainesville man died after a single-vehicle crash Thursday morning in North Hall, according to authorities.
Southbound traffic on Interstate 985 slowed to a crawl Thursday morning as a Georgia Department of Transportation maintenance crew performed shoulder work.
The shock and sorrow is still coursing through Jason Hewett's veins.
More than 2 million American households rely on a federally subsidized voucher program to afford their rent, according to the U.S. Department of Housing ...
Page 6 of 9
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Eleanor TreeceAugust 25,2014Eleanor Treece
BALTIMORE, Md. Eleanor Treece, 92, died Wednesday, Aug. 20, 2014, at the home of her son in Baltimore.
She was born April 23, 1922, the daughter of Glen and Charlotte Howland.
She graduated from Pittsford (Vt.) High School in 1940.
Mrs. Treece enjoyed returning to Vermont during foliage season.
Survivors include two daughters, Carol Podgarski and Pat Rybarczyk, and a son, Richard Treece, all of the Baltimore area; six grandchildren and six great-grandchildren; a sister, Barbara Ketcham of Pittsford; many nieces and nephews.
She was predeceased by a son, John Treece, and two sisters, Helen Howland and Jean Beck.
The graveside service will be held at a later date in Evergreen Cemetery in Pittsford.
Memorial contributions may be made to Alzheimers Foundation of America, 3228th Ave., 7th Floor, NYC, NY 10008.
Arrangements are under the direction of the Barnard Funeral Home in Pittsford.MORE IN ObituariesFrances M. Bruce
POULTNEY Frances M. Full StoryEdward M. Goutas
Edward M. Goutas, 73, died Sunday, June 19, 2016, after a brief illness. Full StoryCatherine L. Wheeler
Catherine L. Wheeler, 54, died Tuesday, June 7, 2016, at her home. Full Story
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