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Bulgaria, Dnevnik newspaper, November 20th 2008
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Confessions of the Evolutionists
The Skulls That Demolish Darwin
The Evolution Impasse I
The Human Miracle
Communication and Argument in The Qur'an
If Darwin Had Known about DNA
The recent completion of the human gene map within the scope of the
Human Genome Project
is an important scientific improvement. However, some results of this project are being distorted in some evolutionist publications. It is claimed that
the genes of chimpanzees are 98 % similar to human genes
, and this is presented as an evidence for the claim that apes are close to humans, and therefore, logical ancestors of humans as claimed by Darwin's theory of evolution. The argument is misleading.
The claim of
98% similarity is deceptive.
To claim that the genetic make-ups of man and chimpanzee bear 98 % similarity to each other, the genome of the chimpanzee also has to be mapped just as that of man and the two have to be compared. No such result for the chimpanzee has been done yet.
This claimed similarity is an exaggerated generalisation grounded on the similarity in the amino acid sequences of some
30-40 basic proteins
present in man and chimpanzee. A sequence analysis has been made with a method named "DNA hybridization" on the DNA sequences that are correlated with these proteins and only those limited number of proteins have been compared. However there are about hundred thousand genes, and therefore 100,000 proteins coded by these genes in humans. The claim that
all the genes of man and ape are 98 % similar is based on the similarity in 40 out of 100.000 proteins!
Moreover, the above mentioned basic proteins are common vital molecules present in various other living beings. The structures of the same kinds of proteins present not only in chimpanzees, but also in completely different living beings, are very similar to that in humans.
For example, the genetic analyses published in
New Scientist
have revealed a
75 % similarity between the DNAs of nematode worms and man.
New Scientist
, 15 May 1999, p.27) This definitely does not mean that there is only a 25% difference between man and these worms!
On the other hand, the analyses done on some proteins show man as close to some very different living beings. In a survey carried out by the researchers at Cambridge University, some proteins of land dwelling animals were compared. Amazingly, in nearly all samples,
man and chicken were paired as the closest relatives.
The next closest relative was the crocodile. (
New Scientist
v.103, 16 August 1984, p.19)
Another example used by evolutionists on "the genetic similarity between man and ape",
is the presence of 48 chromosomes in chimpanzees and gorillas and 46 chromosomes in man.
Evolutionists regard the closeness of the number of chromosomes as indication of an evolutionary relationship. However, if this logic were true, then man should have an even closer relative than the chimpanzee: the potato!.
The number of chromosomes in a potatoe is exactly equal to the number of chromosomes in a human: 46
These examples show that genetic similarity does not constitute evidence for the theory of evolution. This is because the genetic similarities are not in line with the alleged evolution schemes, and on the contrary, they yield completely opposite results.
Not surprisingly, when the issue is evaluated as a whole, it is seen that the subject of "bio-chemical similarities" does not constitute an evidence for evolution, but on the contrary leaves the theory in the lurch. Dr. Christian Schwabe, a biochemistry researcher from the Medical Faculty of South Carolina University, is an evolutionist scientist who has spent years to find evidence for evolution in the molecular domain. He particularly did researches on insulin and relaxin-type proteins and tried to establish evolutionary relationships between living beings.
However, he had to confess for many times that he could not find any evidence for evolution at any point in his studies. He said;
"Molecular evolution is about to be accepted as a method superior to palaeontology for the discovery of evolutionary relationships. As a molecular evolutionist I should be elated.
Instead it seems disconcerting that many exceptions exist to the orderly progression of species as determined by molecular homologies;
so many in fact that I think the exception, the quirks, may carry the more important message"
(Christian Schwabe, "On the Validity of Molecular Evolution",
Trends in Biochemical Sciences
. V.11, July 1986)
Based on the recent findings obtained in the field of molecular biology, the renowned biochemist Prof Michael Denton made the following comments;
"Each class at molecular level is unique, isolated and unlinked by intermediates. Thus, molecules, like fossils, have failed to provide the elusive intermediates so long sought by evolutionary biology…
At a molecular level, no organism is "ancestral" or "primitive" or "advanced" compared with its relatives…
There is little doubt that if this molecular evidence had been available a century ago… the idea of organic evolution might never have been accepted."
(Michael Denton, Evolution;
A Theory in Crisis
, London; Burnett Books 1985 pp.290-291)
It is surely natural for the human body to bear some molecular similarities to other living beings because they all are made up of the same molecules; they all use the same water and atmosphere; and they all consume foods consisting of the same molecules. Certainly, their metabolisms and therefore genetic make-ups would resemble one another. This, however, is not evidence that they evolved from a common ancestor.
"common material" is not the result of an evolution but of "common design", that is, their being created upon the same plan.
It is possible to explain this subject with an example. All building constructions are done with similar materials (brick, iron, cement, etc.). This, however, does not mean that these buildings "evolved" from each other. They are constructed separately by using common materials. The same is true of living beings as well.
Darwinists are distorting the results of the Human Genome Project. Life did not originate as a result of unconscious coincidences as evolution claims, but as the result of the creation of God, the Almighty, the Owner of infinite knowledge and wisdom.
2005-06-30 16:00:55
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Caught On Tape: US Destroyer Comes 'Dangerously Close' To Russian Patrol Boat In The Med
– Caught On Tape: US Destroyer Comes 'Dangerously Close' To Russian Patrol Boat In The Med:
Another day, another report of a US encounter with Russia – it is certainly becoming a routine event. In a statement made on Tuesday, the USS Gravely approached the Yaroslav Mudry, a Russian frigate, on June 17, passing at a distance of 55 meters (180ft), the Defense Ministry said in a statement.
The US guided-missile destroyer Gravely breached international safety rules by coming withing dangerous proximity of the Yaroslav Mudry in the eastern Mediterranean, the Russian Defense Ministry said.
According to the statement, the warship's captain and crew violated the international Regulations for Preventing Collisions at sea (COLREGS) which govern the conduct of two or more vessels when they meet at sea in order to prevent dangerous situations.
From RT
"The US sailors, in particular, neglected Rule 13, which stipulates that an overtaking vessel must keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken," the Defense Ministry said. It added that the USS Gravely had also violated Rule 15, which says that a vessel that has another vessel on the starboard side must yield and avoid crossing ahead of her. Continue reading »
Tags: Barack Obama, Global News, Government, Military, Obama administration, Politics, Russia


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Northeast Ohio Chapter
Welcome to the Northeast Ohio Chapter
Serving Cleveland, Akron, & surrounding areas
Here's a Look at What's Happening in Northeast Ohio
Everything you need to know about Take Steps Cleveland
When: June 26th 2016 at Edgewater Park
If you need driving directions they can be found here.
Registration starts at 3pm on the lower park and the walk will begin at 4:30pm. All activities will be done by 6pm.
Make sure to check the weather and bring anything you may need such as sunscreen or an umbrella. We will be walking rain or shine, just not if there is lightening!
Bank days:
The perfect time to drop off your team's fundraising money so you don't have to worry about bringing it to the walk and we can make sure you receive your t-shirts and any incentives you earned before walk day. Come to our local office at 4700 Rockside Road Suite 425 in Independence during the below time and days. If you have any checks you can also mail them to us any time before the walk. (If you cannot attend a bank day, please bring all funds to the walk. You will be able to turn them in on walk day!)
Tuesday June 21st: 7:30am – 7:30pm
Wednesday June 22nd: 7:30am – 7:30pm
Thursday June 23rd: 7:30am – 7:30pm
Join Team Ohio today! Here are some upcoming events
Team Challenge Ohio @ Napa to Sonoma Wine Country Half Marathon - July 17th, 2016
For more information please contact Traci Osborne, Endurance Manager at 513-772-3550x2 or email@example.com.
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Register for a walk near you!
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Run or walk a half marathon, train for a triathlon, or ride in a great cycling event at one our amazing destination races while raising vital funds for research. Join Team Challenge today!


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My daughter is having a home built by Crown Communities and has encountered a number of problems. The most significant is that the size of three of the bedrooms and the laundry room is substantially less than expected. Be sure to get a blueprint showing exact room size before they start construction and get a rendering of how the exterior will look.
I have been into Harrison Mill Estates before with a client, and I liked what I saw. Nice homes, decent lots, good floorplans. Looked to be well-built from what I could tell, and I'm kind of picky. I have to assume this is the neighborhood you are referring to. It's a Conyers address and Loganville and Youth schools.
I have dealt with the agent that was in Oakmont when they first opened it. I believe this was a Crown Communities neighborhood. The homes are a little more basic than Harrison Mill, but still very nice. No problems, but keep in mind that the agents there are actually part of the same company as the builder, so they use their own contracts and don't really care about your specific needs. Take a realtor. I can tell you that it will cost you the same with your own realtor, and probably a lot less.
Loganville is my area, I am very familiar with it. I would be happy to assist you and make sure you're covered. Feel free to call me at 678-362-3138.


text:
Best of 2007
2007: The Year of the (Teeny, Tiny) Dog
Forget the iPhone! The hottest accessory for stars like Paris, Rihanna and Hayden was a pocket-sized puppy. By Brian Orloff
Credit: SPLASH NEWS ONLINE
Updated: Monday Nov 26, 2007 | 06:00 AM EST
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28 DT60 Fazzini was for many years the curator and administrator of the Department of Egyptian, Classical, and Ancient Middle Eastern Art in the Brooklyn Museum.
What does ECAMEA stand for?
ECAMEA stands for Egyptian, Classical, and Ancient Middle Eastern Art (Brooklyn Museum collection; Brooklyn, NY)
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Jessie James net worth: Jessie James is an Italian-American country singer and reality TV star who has a net worth of $1.5 million. Jessie James was born on April 12, 1988 in Vicenza, Italy but grew up in Warner Robbins, Georgia. She knew from a very young age that she wanted to be a singer. At the age of 9, she won her first talent contest in Baker, Louisiana when she sang, "I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart". At age fifteen, she made weekly trips to Nashville to hone her songwriting. After getting rejected by nearly every label in Nashville, Jessie caught a break when Carrie Underwood chose one of her songs, "Gypsy Girl", for her album. Underwood would eventually pass on the song but the connection led Jessie to get an audition with L.A. Reid who subsequently helped her sign with Mercury Records. Jessie's debut self-titled album was released on August 11, 2009 and would go on to sell over 100,000 copies and produce a number of Billboard Country Chart singles. Jessie James is married to NFL wide receiver Eric Decker. On September 29, 2013 they began appearing in their very own E! Network reality show called Eric and Jessie: Game On. On March 18, 2014 the couple's daughter, Vivianne Rose Decker, was born.
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Date of Birth
Apr 12, 1988 (28 years old)
Songwriter, Singer
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5 ft 1 in (1.55 m)
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text:
Psychological, Medical, and Pharmacological Correlates of Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder
Version of Record online: 2 AUG 2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00575.x
The Journal of Sexual Medicine
Volume 4, Issue 5, pages 1358–1366, September 2007
Additional Information
How to Cite
Leiblum, S., Seehuus, M., Goldmeier, D. and Brown, C. (2007), Psychological, Medical, and Pharmacological Correlates of Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4: 1358–1366. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00575.x
Publication History
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- Version of Record online: 2 AUG 2007
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Welcome to the SF Bay Area Atlassian User Group!
SF Bay Atlassian User Group Event
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REGISTER HERE 6:00pm - 6:30pm | Welcome: Doors Open Registration, Refreshments (pizza and beer) & Mingle 6:30pm - 6:45pm | Brief Lead Intros Dave Kremer, Atlassian... Learn more
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Mar 5, 2013 · 5:00 PMSF City Atlassian User Group
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text:
2014 Prime Time Manufacturing RV's
A division of Forest River, Inc., Prime Time Manufacturing builds a line of towable RV products including travel trailers, fifth wheels, and ultra-light travel trailers.
Most Popular Prime Time Manufacturing RV's
2014 Prime Time Manufacturing Crusader 296BHS
2014 Prime Time Manufacturing Crusader 294RLT
2014 Prime Time Manufacturing Sanibel 3601
Previous 10 RV's 11-20 of 83 Next 10 RV's
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Marvelous light and colors!F33&L65
Very nice view, good composition. LIKE ! Greetings from Ukraine! Yuri.
A so beautiful seascape! I like it! Best wishes from Ukraine! Yuri.
Lovely photography, is perfect accomplished color and light compensation, a warm greeting from Miami Fl (Like + Favorite)
Hi, Irina
very beautiful capture ♥ + ☆
best regard liem ailie
Fantastic shot ! Well done ! , YSL: 12/37
Greetings, elakramine
Molto bello LK:! Saluti,Gerardo.
Excellent photography, a cordial greeting to you from Miami Fl (Like 29 + Favorite 14)


text:
Mossies' is out of business . His brother took it over. But it went down fast. Never thought much of the food.<quoted text>
I worked at Mossie's in the '80's. It started on Paige street then moved to Merrimack Street. The owner, was a great guy to the customers but not so much to the staff. I agree, not so old.
He sure like to show off t bird. rings on all his fingers,
The older he got the flashier he got.


text:
|home page / action photos / references / CD info / contact us / upcoming schedule / itinerary map / past performances / Christmas info / Links page
Our schedule's getting fuller every day...
Call 850-377-6982 today to reserve your spot on our tour,
or fax us toll free at 888-633-3202, and we'll call you on our nickel!
(or click here for our mailing address)
Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com (for booking info) or email@example.com
|If you're on acebook (and who isn't?), check out our fan page here.
|Thursday, June 2, 7:00
|Mallard Cove, Cincinnati, OH
|Tuesday, June 7, 1:30
|Edgewood Manor, Port Clinton, OH
|Wednesday, June 8, 1:30
|Ohio Veterans Home, Sandusky, OH
|Thursday, June 9, 3:00
|Vineyard on Catawba, Port Clinton, OH
|Friday, June 10, 10:00 am
|Elmwood at the Springs, Green Springs, OH
|Saturday, June 11, 10:30 am
|Parkvue HCC, Sandusky, OH
|Saturday, June 11, 2:00
|Parkvue Place, Sandusky, OH
|Sunday, June 12, 2:30
|Good Shepherd Home, Fostoria, OH
|Tuesday, June 14, 2:30
|Glacier Hills, Ann Arbor, MI
|Thursday, June 16, 2:00
|Lynwood Manor, Adrian, MI
|Friday, June 17, 3:00
|Ridgecrest Health Campus, Jackson, MI
|Saturday, June 18, 2:00
|Evangelical Home of Saline, Saline, MI
|Sunday, June 19, 2:00
|University Living, Ann Arbor, MI
|Wednesday, June 22, 10:30 am
|Maple Law Medical Care Facility, Coldwater, MI
|Friday, June 24, 2:00
|Hillsdale County Med Care Facility, Hillsdale, MI
|Thursday, June 30, 2:00
|Rutland Place, Mount Juliet, TN
|Monday, July 4, 3:00
|Windlands East, Madison, TN
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|Friday, July 15, 6:30
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|Friday, July 29, 3:00
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|Saturday, July 30, 5:00
|Bonaventure of Castle Rock, Castle Rock, CO
|Sunday, August 7, 2:00
|Gunnison Valley Sr Care Center, Gunnison, CO
|Saturday, August 20, 1:30
|Quincy Place, Denver, CO
|Friday, September 2, 3:00
|MacKenzie Place, Colorado Springs, CO
|Wednesday, September 7, 1:30
|Park Regency Thornton, Thornton, CO
|Wednesday, September 7, 7:30
|Frasier Meadows Retirement, Boulder, CO
|Saturday, September 17, 7:00
|Colorado State Good Sam Rally, Greeley, CO
|Sunday, December 4, 7:00
|Emerald Pointe, Zephyrhills, FL
|Thursday, December 8, 7:00
|Ocean Grove Resort, St Augustine, FL
|Friday, December 9, 3:00
|Allegro at Harbor Island, St Augustine, FL
|Saturday, December 17, 7:00
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|Thursday, January 26, 7:00
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|Saturday, February 18
|Olde Mill Stream RV Resort, Umatilla, FL
|Saturday, March 18, 7:00?
|Morningside RV Estates, Dade City, FL
|home page / action photos / references / CD info / contact us / upcoming schedule / itinerary map / past performances / Christmas info / Links page


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text:
List all words starting with vexillologies
Only the word vexillologies was found, nothing longer.
Some random words: gnar flab rent akimbo gnocchi wud ajowan
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text:
Free personalized radio that
plays the music you love
Gone - Movin' On
Features of This Trackfolk influences
mild rhythmic syncopation
acoustic rhythm piano
call and answer vocal harmony (Antiphony)
major key tonality
twangy guitars
an emotional male lead vocal performance
vocal harmonies
These are just a few of the hundreds of attributes cataloged for this track by the Music Genome Project.show more
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Pre-order a limited edition Hens Star Wars jersey!
Be the coolest Wookiee in the galaxy with a limited edition Chewbacca-inspired Hens jersey, just like the ones the team wore on May 4 & 5 Star Wars Weekend. The jerseys were featured on ESPN SportsCenter, MLB Network and HLN!
By popular demand, replica Mud Hens "Chewbacca" jerseys will be available through the Swamp Shop! Quantities are extremely limited. Pre-order yours today!
This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.
Today on MiLB.com
Top Stories on MiLB.com
- Roundup: Dodgers' De Leon, Nats' Lopez thrive
- Toolshed: Prospects snubbed as All-Stars
- On the Road: Horne's emotional K-Mets debut
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- Wooten spotless in spot start in Gwinnett no-no
- Esurance #CallUpWorthy Central


text:
Three-month-old baby hospitalized with burns and fractures, ETX couple arrested
There are 71 comments on the KYTX-TV News story from Apr 2, 2014, titled Three-month-old baby hospitalized with burns and fractures, ETX couple arrested. In it, KYTX-TV News reports that:A naked cowboy made himself way too comfortable in one neighborhood in the Atlanta area.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at KYTX-TV News.
#21 Jul 29, 2014
It must be a young couple with no insurance. I was a young mother myself. This is the reason we need Obamacare. Profits should not be made off of health care. Our govenor made his money off of Medicare fraud. The Constitution says we have a right to the pursuit of happiness...
To be happy you need to be healthy and your children to be healthy. I feel bad for the mother and the grandma. We are the only industrialized country in the world that does not provide health care for its citizens.
#22 Aug 24, 2014
you think what you want to but it is not abuse . when you seek medical help ,. and when your baby has a disease and blame parents all you want but the doctors didnt even find it till now so the parents didnt even no. took top doctors to find the disease and thats a fact for we have it all in the medical. just hope and pray your family never has to go through what we are. if you people like news so much go read about it its all over how rickets and metabolic bone disease is coming back strong and the doctors we have been dealing with this since early 70s . we have our proof and dont care what you people say. medical records do not lie. so before you want to judge you should google rickets and the other disease before putting your foot in mouth . for none of you know anything your talking about.
"Free to be me and you!"
Since: Aug 14
#23 Aug 24, 2014
I am a retired RN and I really believe you. I wonder why metabolic bone disease is increasing. I will ask my ARNP son about it. He is an acute care ARNP in a level l trauma center here. That area is nothing but a bunch of gossips. My family has been in SS since 1845. The reason I live in Florida. I am happy they diagnosed the child.
#24 Aug 24, 2014
hi thank you .. the baby blood work is all flagged for everthing is either up or very low . i have the doctors reports from the fractures to the burns and these people just dont seem to get it. i have tried to explain but they seem to be ignorant. event he burns would of showed bad a day or 2 later for he has serious disease and other problems. they took baby in the next day to seek medical and got arrested.we have talked to shriners and many other high doctors . thats have read all the reports and records and katie did treat baby at home then it got worse she took him into er for medical help . to get arrested . nobody did anything to harm the baby as these people are saying.. i just thank god that a real doctor found what was truly wrong with the baby before anything worse happened.. now we just fight to get baby back with us to get the proper medical he needs. for these people think its not medical and i truly is medical and serious medical on top of it. vitamin d level at 14 is serious and all his other blood test being up and down is not something to misdiagnosed its to take serious.and in my reports it states the baby has been misdiagnosed on everything.. when i asked these people if they like to see the proof they dont want to . for the truth is here and they act like this to innocent family is sick
#25 Aug 24, 2014
If either Shriners or Scottish Rite Hospitals are helping, you will have the best possible care there is. Don't worry about what some idiots post here.
#26 Aug 24, 2014
If this baby does, in fact, have medical issues that caused these injuries then I am woman, and adult enough, to say I am sorry. I do understand how the media likes to twist stories or print stories without having all the evidence. I have a family member who was falsely charged with a crime and the paper ran with it. I shouldn't have jumped to conclusions.
"Free to be me and you!"
Since: Aug 14
#27 Aug 25, 2014
This is so sad. You might have to go to Dallas to get great medical care. SS probably have no pedriatic specialties. I was lucky when my son was born in 71 with RDS. I was near Texas Childrens Hospital in Houston. He was in the same area as "bubble boy" was. I got to meet his mother there. He is dead now.......but a lot of research on AIDS was done on him. Texas and Dallas has great pediatric specialist. Thankfully my son born in 1970 is now an Acute Care ARNP. I think he would have died
If had not had him transferred to the Childrens Hospital. My personal best wishes are for you and your family.Don't listen to silly gossip online. Topix is mostly gossip. In my hometown also.
"Free to be me and you!"
Since: Aug 14
#28 Aug 25, 2014
My son who was I'll was born in 71.........I had another son in 70......."Irish Twins" they are.lol
#29 Aug 26, 2014
Whaaat? Are you saying we do not have obamacare? Don't we? Doesn't that assure that all Americans have insurance?
#30 Aug 26, 2014
right now we are fighting to get baby back cps has baby .. we have contacted shriners in ca and talked to the burn care unit and if we can ever get the baby back i have app0 to bring him to them. but right now we do have 2 doctors that say it is metabolic bone disease rickets and vitamin d deficiency. and 2 others that have looked at records and said the same thing. and all these doctors are specialist in this diseases since the 70s and have books and been on tv with cases like this. but we cant seem to get it throught hese people. this is not abuse at all
#31 Aug 26, 2014
we still fighting the criminal part were they say abuse . but we have summaries from doctors and now they want more .. the baby has vitamin d deficiency metabolic bone disease and rickets. we had 4 doctor that seen the records and they all come back with the same thing . but we have 2 that wrote summaries and this is truly not fair .we will have to pay for one of these doctors to testify and that cost more money plus for all the records that we have now and still need some from high risk doctor that my daughter went to while pregnant . there was alot of problems with the pregnancy and this should of been seen by doctors then. but was not .,. i dont no what else we can do to get these people to see but if anyone wants to read the records your welcome to for we are not hiding it. we no this is not abuse and just want our family back to get the proper medical the baby needs.
#32 Aug 26, 2014
we still fighting to get the baby .. and the criminal part that shouldnt even be..all this should of been over but continued again. the baby needs proper medical and they say abuse then he isnt getting proper medical. he does have metabolic bone diseaqse and rickets and vitamin d deficiency. thank you all we can do is pray that the judge and everyone will see this isnt abuse , and allow us to take the baby to get the proper medical he needs. his vitamin d level was 14 and other parts of his blood test was flagged. and the xrays the fractures were cupping that there shows a disease.
#33 Aug 26, 2014
he does have metabolic bone disease and rickets and vitamin d deficiency . i have all the reports of this.,but they just dragging this case. which isnt fair to us having to stay here were we get looks and stuff from people that do not know the truth. and just want to get baby to proper medical . for none of the doctors found it while pregnant nor while he was in hospital a month prior to this for rsv. and some of the fractures might have came from delivery in the canel . for he has had this since birth and my daughter is vitamin d deficiency as well. but for now we are stuck here and it isnt fair to the baby to not get what he needs . and 5 months away from his own family is horrible just not right. just dont know were to turn anymore for this needs to be over and the truth get out . for we are not bad people just normal like everyone else trying to servive a nightmare that has came from all this. the first year is bonding time and we dont even get that. someone needs to see our records and see that it is medical not abuse and we have tried .. we still have to pay for a doctor to testify inb court and get a few records from her pregancy back in nv. it shows that the baby had a cyst on his nhead and it bursted 4 months before born and shows that katie had alot of problems with the pregnancy . but as i said it is not abuse. and if all these doctors couldnt find it then how can us people that are just parents and grandparents to knbow . for we didnt go to school for medical like the doctors did
#34 Aug 26, 2014
Well, that was a nightmare to read! The lady said she was sorry and you go on and on repeating the same thing you've said before. Maybe it's just me, a thank you for your apology would have been sufficient enough.
"Free to be me and you!"
Since: Aug 14
#35 Aug 27, 2014
Please STFU!!!!!!!!!!
#36 Aug 27, 2014
When you STFU, I will.
#37 Aug 27, 2014
Peanut Gallery: You know that ain't gonna happen
#38 Aug 27, 2014
One can hope, can't they?
"Free to be me and you!"
Since: Aug 14
#39 Aug 27, 2014
It will happen when you get a JOB! My daughter and DIL's are all beautiful.........but they WORK!!!!!!! I would bet you are BUTT UGLY!!!!!!! Lol. Off to phone pro MMJ!!!!!
#40 Aug 27, 2014
STFU, a job, and my looks have nothing to do with anything. So again, I say, when you STFU, I will.
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Houston City Council appoints Dean Corgey, V-P of the Seafarers International Union Gulf Coast Region, to serve as member of the Port Commission of the Port of Houston Authority.
Corgey's appointment fills the seat previously held by Janiece Longoria, who was named Port Commission Chairman January 8 during a joint session of the Houston City Council and Harris County Commissioners Court. She had served as the city appointee to the commission since 2002.
Corgey, a longtime organizer for the Seafarers Union and lifelong Houston resident, has been vice president of the Gulf Coast Region since 1990. He also serves as a vice president of the Texas AFL-CIO; as secretary-treasurer of the West Gulf Ports Council of the AFL-CIO Maritime Trades Department; and on the executive board of the Harris County AFL-CIO. He is a member of the American Maritime Partnership and the Navy League of the United States. He is a past member of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Area Maritime Security Committee for the Port of Houston/Galveston and served as chairman of the City of Houston Ethics Committee. In addition, he is a past member of the board of directors of the Houston Maritime Association.
Houston Mayor Annise Parker said, "It is important to have labor represented in the port's activities and it needs to be the right voice for labor. Dean Corgey is eminently qualified for this position. City Council's unanimous confirmation of his appointment indicates we are all in agreement that he will do an outstanding job."
"I come from labor and have worked the Houston waterfront for 40 years in various capacities," Corgey said. "I have also had the opportunity to work in numerous ports on all four coasts, and in my opinion, we have the best labor in the country, if not the world, right here in Houston."
Port Commissioners serve two-year terms without pay.
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
United Arab Shipping Company (UASC) said its six shareholding states backed a merger deal with German container shipping line Hapag-Lloyd AG at a meeting on Wednesday.
Following last week's landmark referendum results, VesselsValue has compiled a list of the top five U.K.-based shipowners and their total fleet value in USD billions.
U.S. Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Commissioner William P. Doyle issued a statement on the upcoming implementation of the SOLAS Convention's verified gross mass (VGM) requirements:
On Friday,
COSCO Greece objected on Wednesday to terms submitted to parliament for the sale of Piraeus Port to China COSCO Shipping, saying they were inconsistent with those
Abu Dhabi Ports and Agthia Group PJSC have signed a lease agreement aimed at expanding the group's existing Grand Mills Flour and Animal Feed facilities at Zayed Port.
Port Everglades has signed a partnership agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study air emissions.
The EPA's Office of Transportation
Donjon-Smit, LLC, an OPA-90 Alliance, announced that after a recent Board of Directors meeting Tim Williamson has been promoted to General Manager of Donjon-Smit,
Lerwick Harbour's record-breaking cruise season will hit the first of several milestones this season on Thursday (30 June) with the arrival of Azura, the largest


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jul 10, 2001
|Filing date
|Feb 13, 1998
|Priority date
|Feb 14, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Sebastian Fehrenbach
|Original Assignee
|Trw Automotive Electronics & Components Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (23), Classifications (32), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The subject invention is directed to the lighting arts and, more particularly, to a luminous element of the type including a housing for mounting the luminous element in an installation opening and having at least one light-producing element with terminal contacts selectively engageable with contact elements provided in the housing. Luminous elements of the type under consideration herein are particularly well-suited for use in illuminating functional signals and for directly displaying functions in motor vehicles and will be described with particular reference thereto. However, it is to be understood that the present invention has other uses and can find utility in a wide range of applications.
Most prior art luminous elements used in automotive applications are designed in such a fashion that they are arranged directly onto a printed circuit board at one or more appropriate predetermined locations. The locations are selected so that following installation of the printed circuit board behind the transparent functional symbols to be illuminated by the transmitted light, such as behind an instrument panel of a motor vehicle, the luminous element is disposed adjacent the functional symbol.
In many instances, miniature incandescent lamps are used as the light-producing elements and are held in suitable housings or sockets. In that case, a recess is typically provided in the printed circuit board at a position where the luminous element is desired to be located. Incandescent lamp sockets can then be selectively inserted and detached from the recess on the printed circuit board. One benefit of this type of arrangement is an ease of exchangeability with respect to the luminous element.
Another previously known luminous element manufactured by Osram consists of a miniature incandescent bulb having terminal contacts which are respectively inseparably connected to a punched-out piece requiring a subsequent bending process. A subassembly is created by the miniature incandescent bulb and the two punched-out pieces. The subassembly is inserted from above into an appropriately designed plastic socket. The upper region of the socket defines a substantially cylindrical neck followed by a contact shoulder formed to adapt the socket housing member into an opening in a printed circuit board. A pair of substantially radially outwardly extending arms are formed by each of the two contact elements in the region above the contact shoulder i.e. in the region of the housing neck. The radially outwardly extending arms respectively act upon the upper or under side of the printed circuit board.
In the above system, a substantially circular recess is formed in the printed circuit board and includes two bulges corresponding to the arms of each contact element. The arms are insertable into the bulges. After twisting of the luminous element around its longitudinal axis by a predetermined angle, the radially outwardly extending arms of each contact element act upon a marginal zone of the opening in the printed circuit board to thereby fasten the luminous element to the printed circuit board. Simultaneously, at least one of the two contact arms of each contact element engages and serves to electrically contact a conductive track formed on the upper or under side of the printed circuit board to thereby supply electrical energy to the luminous element.
Although the previously known luminous elements described above are fairly easily exchangeable from their associated mountings, the manufacture of the luminous elements, however, is usually relatively complicated. One reason is that the sub-system including a miniature incandescent bulb and the electrical contact elements must usually first be pre-manufactured. The sub-system is then subsequently installed in proper aligned configuration into holding recesses formed in a housing socket. Since the contact elements of miniature incandescent bulbs typically as a rule consist of relatively thin flexible wires, insertion of such unstable sub-system into a housing socket typically requires a relatively large amount of effort.
Standard light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used in luminous elements. Typically, the LEDs have been handled in a customary fashion in the same manner as any other electronic component, namely by inserting the electrical connection contacts of the LEDs into corresponding bores formed in a printed circuit board and then firmly electrically and mechanically joining the electrical contact connections to the printed circuit board by means of soldering. Although this approach makes for a simple installation, it does not provide simple exchangeability of the light-generating element. While it is true that LEDs, as a rule, have a much longer service life compared with ordinary miniature incandescent bulbs, it has been shown that replacement of the luminous element including LEDs may sometimes become necessary.
In cases such as described above where LED luminous elements must be replaced, the entire printed circuit board must usually be removed from the automotive vehicle or other large system application so that the LED can be loosened from its soldered attachment and replaced. When the work effort involved in desoldering the LED is extreme, a typical solution has been to replace the entire printed circuit board including all of its components. Both methods, however, are costly.
In addition to the above-described needs for replacing LEDs, there also frequently exists the requirement for retrofitting or of simply supplementing the existing LEDs in order to retrofit or equip the target motor vehicle or larger system application with certain additional, improved, or other functions. Retrofitting existing printed circuit boards is oftentimes advantageous to reduce the multitude of required different printed circuit board types that must be produced and inventoried. The flexibility of existing printed circuit boards is enhanced when the desired functions can be selected during installation by mere insertion of the appropriate respective LEDs where needed.
The subject invention provides a luminous element that overcomes the above-noted problems and is particularly well suited for illumination of functional symbols or for signaling of functions in motor vehicles. The subject luminous element is adapted to be easily installed or exchanged and is at the same time of simple construction to enable easy and cost-effective pre-assembly and manufacture of the luminous element.
In particular, and in accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous element which includes a housing adapted for mounting in an installation opening of an associated installation component, a light-producing element having terminal contacts, and at least two contact elements mounted on the housing and defining longitudinal slots adapted to selectively receive the terminal contacts of the light-producing element in a first plane and to selectively receive terminal members of a second light-producing element or of an associated electronic component, such as a resistor, in a second plane.
By providing longitudinal slots, preferably designed as cutting clips, at least one electrical connection contact of the light-producing element as well as electrical terminals of additional electronic components are selectively received by the at least two contact elements. The result is the benefit of a simple installation of the sub-system consisting of the light-producing element and the at least two electrical contact elements into the housing of the luminous element. Further, this results in the benefit of simple installation of the system consisting of the at least one light-producing element together with additional electrical and/or electronic components into the housing of the luminous element as well.
In accordance with a more limited aspect of the invention, the longitudinal slots formed in the contact elements define slot ends that form differential position planes for receiving the electrical connection contacts of the light-producing element in a first plane and for receiving the electrical terminal members of the additional electronic components in a second plane. In that way, after insertion of the electrical connection contacts of the light-producing element into a longitudinal slot up to the slot edge stop, the additional electronic component is fixed in position by sliding its electrical terminal members into other longitudinal slots up to second slot end stops for fixing the electronic component into position.
One advantage of forming differential position planes using longitudinal slots having different depths is that contact between the terminals of the several light-producing elements and/or the additional electronic components, or between the elements themselves, can be prevented thus avoiding unwelcome electrical or mechanical interference or contact. Furthermore, when applicable, the position of the pre-assembled building elements including the contact elements, the light-producing element, and the additional electronic component can be stabilized and fastened together using additional measures such as, for example, by pre-soldering terminals to the contact elements or by molding the entire system consisting of the light-producing elements, the additional electronic components, if any, and the contact elements with the housing.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, at least two contact elements respectively have at least two substantially parallel terminal lugs. At least one longitudinal slot adapted for accepting electrical terminals is provided in the at least two substantially parallel terminal lugs. This enables the installation of two or more components in respectively separated longitudinal slots such as, for example, two or more light-producing elements or additional electronic components.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, the different lengths of the at least two terminal lugs of each contact element enable quick and easy identification making manual pre-assembly less complicated. More particularly, the different lengths between the two terminal lugs of each contact element makes it easy to identify which terminal lug or into which longitudinal slot the electrical connection contact of the component to be installed is to be inserted. This results in simplification of the assembly particularly in connection with the above-described different longitudinal slot depths for the formation of differential position planes for the electrical connection contacts.
Still further in accordance with another aspect of the invention, the pair of spaced apart substantially parallel contact lugs formed on each of the contact elements enables the area between the adjacent contact lugs to be bent upwardly at right angles so as to form an upwardly bent arm extending radially outwardly toward the outside of the housing of the luminous element. The outwardly extending radial arm advantageously serves as a gripping tab member for holding the luminous element in place within the connection opening and further, selectively serves as an exterior electrical connection contact of the luminous element. The exterior connection contacts as well as the holding elements as described herein are suitably manufactured by means of stamping and bending operations.
Preferably, in accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the contact elements of each luminous element are identically formed resulting in lower manufacturing costs.
In accordance with the present invention, traditional light-producing elements such as commercial miniature incandescent bulbs, as well as commercial LEDs can be used with the luminous elements according to the invention. The minimum requirement for use of incandescent bulbs or commercial LEDs in the present invention is that the electrical connection terminals of the light-producing element are formable in such a fashion or are already formed in such a manner that they can be inserted into the elongate longitudinal slots formed in the contact elements.
In accordance with a still further aspect of the invention, the light-producing element is formed by two LEDs, whereby the connection terminals of the two LEDs are respectively accepted into the same pair of longitudinal slots of the connection terminals. A parallel resistance is oftentimes required when two LEDs are connected in parallel. Accordingly, an integrated protective resistor is inserted with its electrical terminal contacts in respectively two additional longitudinal slots formed by the terminal contacts and fastened therein. Alternatively, the pair of LEDs can be placed in an anti-parallel relationship in accordance with the present invention, such as, for example, in series. Thus, the different depths of the longitudinal slots are advantageous for providing an assurance that the position of the two LEDs as well as the position of the parallel resistance is clearly identifiable.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the contact elements are retained in the housing in such a manner that the lower regions of the contact elements with the longitudinal slots are accessible from below relative to the housing for installation of the light-producing element or of the additional electronic components easily. This results in a direct benefit of simple installation of the components of the subject luminous element into the housing from below after the contact elements are in place.
Further, as another benefit, although the contact elements are preferably initially placed in the housing mechanically, the assembly is alternatively manufactured as a single piece by molding the contact elements together with the housing such as using an extrusion process. The light-producing elements or the additional electronic components are then subsequently inserted, preferably singly, into longitudinal slots. Therefore, the simple installation of the components of the luminous element is further enhanced. Thus, it is not necessary to first fasten in position an unstable subassembly consisting of several components and then install the completed unstable sub-assembly, all at once, into the housing, such as was the common practice of the above-described prior art systems.
It is another advantage of the present invention that the contact elements are insertable from the upper side of the housing. This results in the benefit that after installation of the additional elements from the under side of the housing, the entire system is thereafter fastened into the housing in both upward and downward axial directions.
Another advantage of the invention is that one or more coding projections are provided on the housing of the luminous element to ensure proper alignment in a correspondingly counter-coded installation opening of an associated installation component. This provides a particular advantage when LEDs are employed as the light-producing elements to provide unmistakable installation positioning during insertion of the luminous element into the associated installation opening. More particularly, the one or more coding projections on the housing prevents pole reversal of the LEDs.
Still other advantages and benefits of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading and understanding of the following detailed description.
The invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangements of parts, a preferred embodiment of which will be described in detail in this specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an assembled luminous element formed in accordance with the present invention shown with two LEDs as the light-producing elements
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the individual components of the luminous element shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the electrical components of the subject luminous element according to FIG. 1 shown in their relative operative arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the luminous element illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5a is a perspective top view of the luminous element shown in FIG. 1 illustrated disposed in a first position within an installation opening of an associated installation component; and,
FIG. 5b is a top perspective view illustrating the luminous element shown in FIG. 5 disposed in the installation opening and rotated about its longitudinal axis for fixation and contact establishment therein.
Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for the purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention only and not for purposes of limiting same, FIG. 1 illustrates the overall arrangement of the subject luminous element 1 formed in accordance with the present invention. As shown there, the luminous element includes a housing 3 which is preferably formed as a plastic extrusion component, a pair of contact elements 5 selectively insertable into the housing 3 from above or molded integrally together with the housing, and a pair of light-producing elements 7 preferably in the form of a pair of luminous light emitting diodes (LEDs).
As can be seen, the housing defines an upper substantially cylindrical neck portion 9 surrounded by an outer flat contact shoulder 11. The contact shoulder 11 and the cylindrical neck 9 adapt the housing 3 for mounting into an associated installation opening 13 of an associated installation component such as, for example, into an opening of a printed circuit board as best shown in FIG. 5. A pair of raised radial coding projections 17 are formed on the contact shoulder 11. As will be explained below in connection with FIGS. 5a and 5 b, the coding projections 17 prevent electrical pole reversal during installation of the subject luminous element into the printed circuit board opening.
As shown best in FIG. 2, the housing 3 has two openings 19 extending in parallel relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing. The openings 19 are adapted to receive a pair of light-producing elements 7, preferably LEDs 7. The LEDs are inserted into the underside of the housing from below. As shown in FIG. 2, the LEDs preferably include a lower bulged out cylindrical region 7 a for engaging a corresponding complementary pocket region within the openings 19 (not shown) for accurately locating the LEDs within the housing and for preventing them from slipping through the housing in an upward direction. The cylindrical region 7 a additionally enables correct placement of the LEDs along the longitudinal axis of the housing 3.
With continued reference to FIG. 2, the housing further includes a pair of spaced apart openings 21 extending respectively substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. Each of the openings 21 is adapted to receive one of a pair of identically formed contact elements 5. Each of the contact elements 5 includes a pair of downwardly extending contact lugs 5 a, 5 b as shown. Preferably, the contact elements 5 are formed in a fashion that the pair of contact lugs 5 a, 5 b extend into the openings 21 substantially along the longitudinal axis of the housing. Further, and of particular importance to the present invention, the contact lug pairs 5 a, 5 b of each contact element 5 have a differential length whereby the first set of contact lugs 5 a are longer in the longitudinal axis of the housing than the second set of contact lugs 5 b. As shown in the figure, each of the contact lugs 5 a, 5 b define a longitudinal slot 23 adapted for receiving one or more terminal contacts of the LEDs 7 and/or additional electrical components 27 as will be described in greater detail below.
In accordance with another important aspect of the invention, as can be seen best in FIGS. 2 and 3, the longitudinal slots 23 of the longer set of contact lugs 5 a are formed having a depth less than the longitudinal slots 23 of the shorter set of contact lugs 5 b. FIG. 3 shows that the relative differences between the depths of the longitudinal slots 23 relative to a datum on the housing, such as the shoulder 11 for example, enable the light-generating elements and other electrical components to be attached to the contact elements 5 in spaced apart parallel planes. Preferably, each longitudinal slot 23 is formed as a cutting clip.
With continued reference to FIG. 2, the lower region 25 of the housing 3 is preferably shaped having a rectangular or a square cross-section. In that way, the housing 3 can be easily rotated using an appropriate tool such as, for example, a fork wrench, along its longitudinal axis for mounting the subject luminous element 1 in an associated installation opening 13.
Turning now with particular reference to FIG. 3, the electrical components of the subject luminous element are shown in their respective operative positions. Essentially, the electrical components are shown in FIG. 3 with the housing 3 removed to clarify the relative operative positions between the components. As is apparent from FIG. 3, the pair of LEDs 7 are connected to each other by a common or shared set of terminal contacts 7 b. More particularly, the terminal contacts 7 b are shaped in a suitable manner so that the two LEDs 7 are placed next to each other at a predetermined height and at a predetermined separation distance so that this spacing matches the location of the pair of openings 19. Suitable methods of joining the terminal contacts 7 b of the LEDs 7 include, for example, soldering, cold forging such as using a press procedure, or other similar operations. One benefit of joining the terminal contacts 7 b of the LEDs together is that following installation of the contact elements 5 into the housing body 3, the pair of LEDs 7 can easily be inserted into the longitudinal slots 23 of the contact lugs 5 a, 5 b in a single step.
As briefly described above, the longitudinal slots 23 are preferably formed as cutting clips. In that way, the terminal contacts 7 b are connected securely to the contact elements 5 by means of simply inserting the terminal contacts into the longitudinal slots in a single easy step. Alternatively, the two LEDs 7 can be provided without a shared set of contacts 7 b. In that case, each single LED is installed into the respective longitudinal slot without first joining the connection contacts 7 b together.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, the connection contacts 7 b of the LEDs are preferably inserted into the deeper longitudinal slots 23 of the shorter set of contact lugs 5 b. In that way, a set of terminal members or connection contacts 27 a of an additional electronic components preferably a parallel resistance 27 can be inserted into the longitudinal slots of the longer set of contact lugs 5 a. Preferably, the connection contacts 27 a of the parallel resistance 27 are bent into shape within a single plane so that the ends of the connection contacts 27 a of the parallel resistance 27 can be easily inserted into the corresponding longitudinal slots 23 of the longer set of contact lugs 5 a.
As best shown in FIG. 3, the parallel resistance 27 is positioned below the connection contacts 7 b and below the LEDs 7 relative to a datum on the housing. Since the longitudinal slots 23 of the longer set of contact lugs 5 a extend to a depth less than the longitudinal slots 23 of the shorter contact lugs 5 b relative to a datum on the housing, after insertion of the terminal contacts 7 b of the light-producing element up to the stop end of the slot followed by insertion of the connection contacts 27 a of the parallel resistance 27 up to the stop edge of the longitudinal slot, the light-producing element 7 is held in a first plane and the parallel resistance 27 is held in a spaced apart second plane.
It is to be appreciated that following installation of the LEDs and/or of the parallel resistance, the respective connection contacts 7 a and 27 a can, of course, also be connected with the contact lugs 5 a, 5 b by soldering, welding, or similar techniques. Where appropriate, where soldering or welding techniques are used, the contact lugs need not be formed as cutting clips.
With reference now to FIG. 4, the position of the electrically active components is shown in a perspective view from below the housing 3. As shown, the housing 3 includes a projection 29 extending in a downward direction. The projection forms a wall that encases the electrically active components of the luminous element 1 protruding beyond the underside of the housing 3.
It is to be understood that the area enclosed by the projection 29 can be filled after installation of the electrically active components of the luminous element 1 with suitable synthetic resins, or other materials in order to further fix the position of the individual components and/or to protect the components from environmental influences.
It is to be further understood that alternatively a lid (not shown) could be used to protect the component from environmental influences. A lid preferably placed from below onto the projection 29 protects the components encased by the wall and disposed under the lid. In addition, the lid can be formed having projections extending into the interior of the wall encased by the projection 29. The projections on the lid preferably act upon the resistance 27 and/or the LEDs or their connection contacts 7 b to thus fix the same in place. The lid is fastened to the projection 29 and/or to the underside of the housing 3 by means of pressing, glueing, welding, or the like.
FIGS. 5a and 5 b show the subject luminous element 1 according to the present invention installed in an associated installation opening 13 of an associated installation element 15 such as, for example, an opening in a printed circuit board. The preferred installation opening is substantially circular and is sized to accommodate the outer cylindrical diameter of the neck 9 of the housing 3. In addition, the preferred installation opening includes coding recesses 13 a which are adapted to engage with the coding projections 17 of the housing 3. The coding recesses 13 a are preferably shaped and arranged so that they permit the twisting of the luminous element 1 in the installation of opening 13 through a predetermined angle.
The coding recesses 13 a, combined with the coding projections 17 and further in combination with a set of outwardly directed radially extending arms 31, 33 formed by the contact elements, allow only a single clearly defined installation position of the luminous element relative to the associated opening 13.
Preferably, the radially outwardly extending arm 31 is formed by the contact elements 5 by means of simply bending an appropriate upper region of a punched-out part of the contact element. The lower arm 33, however, is preferably produced in a simple fashion by bending a region positioned between the two contact lugs 5 a, 5 b upwardly as shown best in FIGS. 2 and 3. Preferably, each set of arms 31, 33 extend outwardly in a parallel relationship. Further, the distance between the outwardly extending parallel arms 31, 33 of each set is slightly smaller than the thickness of the corresponding region of the associated installation element in the area of the installation opening in order to ensure safe contacting and fastening of the luminous element.
Following installation of the luminous element 1 from the underside into the installation opening 13 (position according to FIG. 5a) the luminous element is fixed into place in the installation opening by simply twisting the luminous element about its longitudinal axis. The predefined twist angle required for fixing the luminous element into place is determined by the shape and arrangement of the coding recess 13 a and the coding projections 17. As is apparent from FIG. 5b, the luminous element is simply twisted about its longitudinal axis until one of the coding projections 17 abuts a limiting wall serving as a stop of the respective coding recesses 13 a. The final installation position of the luminous element 1 relative to the associated installation component 15 is shown best in FIG. 5b.
In the final installation position, the inwardly facing face surfaces of the radially extending arms 31, 33 grip the upper and under side of the installation component 15 and, in this manner, fix the luminous element within the installation opening. At the same time, the outwardly extending arms 31 preferably form an electrical contact with the installation component for supplying energy to the luminous element 1 from conductive elements (not shown) disposed on the upper side and/or the lower side (using arm 33) of the installation opening 15. Preferably, the installation component is a printed circuit board or another board carrying electrical conductors. The position of the printed circuit board and/or of the connection contacts on the side of the installation piece is preferably selected in such fashion that the one or more conductive connection contacts are respectively contacted in the final installation position by at least one of the two arms 31, 33.
The luminous element according to the present invention is selectively equipped with a board provided in the housing 3 such as, for example, a board fitted with SMD components. The connection contacts within the board are likewise installable in contact lugs 5 a, 5 b or by other means so as to electrically connect the SMD components with the contact elements 5.
The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 15, 1989
|Mar 13, 1990
|Miller Jack V
|Strip lighting assembly
|Dec 21, 1989
|Sep 25, 1990
|Dialight Corporation
|Surface mounted led package
|Oct 14, 1993
|Apr 18, 1995
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Illumination device
|Jul 3, 1996
|Nov 3, 1998
|Ahroni; Joseph M.
|Miniature push-in type light unit
|Mar 28, 1991
|Oct 2, 1991
|Illuminating device including a light emitting diode
|Oct 25, 1995
|May 9, 1996
|Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd.
|Led holder
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 7, 2000
|Jun 25, 2002
|Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Vehicle lamp unit
|Mar 7, 2002
|Nov 18, 2003
|General Instrument Corporation
|Method and apparatus for optical component mounting
|Aug 13, 2004
|Dec 13, 2005
|Mei-Lu Lin
|Pierceable common contact plate in the combined sockets of Christmas light
|Nov 18, 2004
|Jun 20, 2006
|Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd.
|L-shaped bulb socket
|Nov 1, 2004
|Aug 22, 2006
|Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.
|Compact, low-level vehicle interior lamp assembly
|Jul 20, 2006
|May 5, 2009
|Jiahn-Chang Wu
|Lighting board using cassette light unit
|Mar 16, 2010
|Timothy Chan
|Method and system for attachment of light emitting diodes to circuitry for use in lighting
|Jul 12, 2011
|Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
|System and method for surface mountable display
|Sep 22, 2011
|Jun 25, 2013
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|LED lamp assembly and light strings including a lamp assembly
|May 14, 2013
|Jun 10, 2014
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|LED lamp assembly and light strings including a lamp assembly
|Aug 8, 2013
|Jun 16, 2015
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|Modular artificial lighted tree with decorative light string
|Oct 28, 2013
|Oct 13, 2015
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|Conformal power adapter for lighted artificial tree
|Mar 29, 2013
|Nov 10, 2015
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|Modular tree with rotation-lock electrical connectors
|Oct 27, 2014
|Dec 29, 2015
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|Dual-voltage lighted artificial tree
|Oct 28, 2013
|Dec 29, 2015
|Willis Electric Co., Ltd.
|Conformal power adapter for lighted artificial tree
|Nov 18, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Sumitomo Wiring System, Ltd.
|Bulb socket
|Oct 20, 2004
|Apr 20, 2006
|Timothy Chan
|Method and system for attachment of light emmiting diodes to circuitry for use in lighting
|Nov 1, 2004
|May 4, 2006
|Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc.
|Compact, low-level vehicle interior lamp assembly
|Mar 18, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|Fung Elizabeth C L
|System and method for surface mountable display
|Sep 29, 2006
|Feb 1, 2007
|Timothy Chan
|Method and system for attachment of light emitting diodes to circuitry for use in lighting
|Jul 20, 2006
|Jun 28, 2007
|Jiahn-Chang Wu
|Lighting Board Using Cassette Light Unit
|Jul 6, 2006
|Jan 10, 2008
|Tsung-Wen Chan
|LED decorative lighting structure
|May 5, 2005
|May 11, 2006
|Federal-Mogul Corporation
|Compact. low-level vehicle interior lamp assembly
|U.S. Classification
|362/640, 362/800, 439/419, 362/647, 362/545
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 17, 1999
Owner name: TRW AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS & COMPONENTS GMBH & CO.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FEHRENBACH, SEBASTIAN;REEL/FRAME:010409/0387
Effective date: 19991010
|Dec 27, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 19, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 10, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
NATO's Biggest Mistake and Lessons Learned
As part of the "Shaping Our NATO: Young Voices on the Warsaw Summit 2016" competition, 33 students and recent graduates from 14 countries wrote about NATO's mistakes, and how the Alliance can learn from them. Read their thoughts on the Kosovo intervention, NATO's decision not offer Russia membership, and NATO's public relations "failure" here. View
Preparing for NATO 2026
Read about the Battle for Tallinngrad, eco-friendly armies, hybrid warfare, NATO's midlife crisis, trouble in the Arctic, terrorism, the Alliance's preparedness to deal with threats from Space, and more.
These are the ideas 34 students and recent graduates from 12 countries developed to help NATO prepare effectively for 2026. View
Shaping our NATO: Young Voices on the Warsaw Summit 2016
We have launched a new competition for students and young graduates to tell us their ideas on NATO: from increasing solidarity amongst its members, to suggesting ways that it should learn from its mistakes. The competition is part of atlantic-community.org's ongoing effort to empower young people in the transatlantic debate and develop solutions to important international issues through online collaboration. View
Misconceptions about German Business and Russia
Dr. Marcus Felsner, President of the Eastern Europe Business Association of Germany, dispels the popularly held belief that German businesses have a "special affiliation" with Russia. The new generations of German business leaders are guided mostly by the allure of profits and competition. In the open market, he writes, there is no space for unprofitable German-Russian sentimentality. View
TTIP for Beginners
What is TTIP? The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, first proposed in 2013, is meant to open market access for businesses across the Atlantic, enhance regulatory cooperation and set international standards. TTIP was introduced as being a progressive partnership, but many skeptics on both sides of the Atlantic see it as a race to the bottom.
Creating Cloud Norms While Keeping Innovation Alive
Memo 48
How to Save TTIP
Memo 47
How Central and Eastern Europe Can Grow a Strong Civil Society
How NATO Underestimated Russia
NATO's Mistrust Crisis
Facing Decreasing Support, NATO Must Motivate the Home Front
Enable German Rearmament to Kickstart NATO's Transformation
If NATO Cannot Be a Lion, It Must Be a Fox
NATO Should be Targeting the Financial Infrastructure of the Enemy
Identifying and Closing NATO's Arctic Capability Gap
The Battle for Tallinngrad: New Ways to Fight an Old War
NATO Must Keep Up with Opposing Force Research
Shortfalls in Electronic Warfare Pose a Danger to NATO


text:
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