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Popularity is poisonous, Dad says, encouraging his son not to place too much worth in the admiration of people his own age. Instead, focus on earning the attention and approval of older men and women — especially older women.
By J.P. McEvoy
Originally published on October 30, 1937
Dear Son: Of course I am pleased that you have become so popular, but I don't know whether I am more pleased than worried. Popularity can be a subtle poison, especially the kind you are getting your first taste of now. It is so easy for a young fellow with personality to gather admirers. From that to the establishment of a little private court which he can lord over is the next step — and that step is down, not up.
Please don't misunderstand me. I want you to be popular with your fellow workers. I want you to share their interests and take pleasure in their divertissements. But that is only a small part of your curriculum. You have more serious work ahead. This may run counter to the popular notion of how to achieve success, but popular notions on most subjects are wrong. Savages are not the only ones who are surrounded and submerged by superstitions. For every superstition you can show me in a savage village I can show you 10 in a so-called civilized suburb. And probably no superstition is more popular than the one which says, in effect, that one must conform in order to succeed — that to dare to be different is to court disaster.
Now take your present situation. You are a salesman. You are told on every hand you must be a good fellow; that you must pal around with your contemporaries, make their pleasures your pleasures, their interests your interests, and that to indicate in the slightest way you have ambitions for other things is to be a stuffed shirt and a snob. My boy, that is just a popular song which might be called The Ballad of the Easy Way. Don't fall for it. The Hard Way is better. Not easier, but better. It is too easy to cultivate your contemporaries, to bask in their smiles, to warm yourself in their approval, to butter yourself with their flattery. They know little if anything more than you do, usually not as much. They can teach you nothing. But they can waste your time. Don't let them do it.
Don't waste your time with people who have nothing to contribute to your growth, when you can have just as much pleasure and infinitely more profit out of associating with people who can teach you something. Seek out older men for friends and preferably men who are not in the same line of business you are pursuing. Collect grizzled old doctors, hard-bitten lawyers, skeptical scientists. Enlarge your circle to include artists and musicians and writers. You will learn to be a better salesman by observing how a veteran trial lawyer handles a jury; an old family doctor has forgotten more about the psychology of the human critter than most sales managers will ever know. From artists you will learn how to observe, from scientists you will learn how to question, from writers you will learn how to listen, and from everybody you will learn how to enrich your own life with new and varied interests.
Older men. Wiser men. Let the young fellows you know play around like puppies on a rug if they want to. You trail along with the wise old hunting dogs. "There's tricks to all trades but mine." Learn them.
If you wanted to fight you would ask a Dempsey how. If you wanted to dance you would look for an Astaire to coach you. There are masters all around you. You have only to seek them out and tap their resources. Do it and you will have no time to waste holding petty court and impressing shallow admirers with your equally shallow attainments. Cultivate friends who can and will criticize you, shrewdly, mercilessly, and constructively. Young admirers who think you are a devil of a fellow can do you a lot of harm — old critics who know you are a hell of a mess will do you a world of good.
When you are impressionable you are eager to impress. More often than not this eagerness will defeat you. When you meet new people, relax. Be at ease. Make yourself a center of calm, a little pool of reserve. Let them be mirrored in it. Observe quietly, listen attentively. Study the game that's going on and find out if you know anything about it before you decide to rush in and take part. Scouting the other team is sound practice and good sense. It's done best from the sidelines, and quietly. If you don't understand the game, try to learn about it. If you know the game and you want to play, choose your own position before you run out on the field. I am quite sure no one ever told you this in school, and I am equally sure it will save you a lot of grief if you learn it now. Otherwise you may blunder along for years under the delusion that in order to dominate a discussion you must lead it, and to impress a gathering you must impose your opinions on it.
One more small paragraph on this subject before I leave it. The most interesting, the most valuable people in a gathering are not always the most vivid. Learn to seek out the quiet ones, force yourself to cultivate those who seem, at first blush, to be the least interesting. More often than not, as they unfold their personalities, they prove to be deeper and richer than you could have ever suspected, and to the gratifying joy of friendship you will add the satisfying thrill of discovery.
Older men. And older women. When you go to a party don't make the mistake that most callow youths make — don't make a beeline for the prettiest girl in the room. She is used to it. She expects it. She won't be grateful. Bow, and pass on — to an older woman. The older woman won't expect it — she will be intrigued by your good taste, charmed by your good manners and, likely as not, she will turn out to be the pretty girl's mother, or her rich aunt from Australia. Now you have a friend at court and the pretty girl's interest in you as well, for behold, you, a handsome young man, have shown no interest in her!
Or better yet, the elderly lady to whom you have been so polite, so attentive, probably will be the wife of the most influential citizen in the community. Her husband has long depended on her instinct for sizing up people. Someday he may look you over, and her good opinion may be the difference between success and failure for you. It's a man's world, to be sure, but behind every important man there usually stands a woman who influences his judgment and helps him to make decisions. The man may not remember your achievements, but the woman will not forget your good manners.
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The Difficulty of Marriage
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Dad wonders if his son will fall on his face when he is married, but decides that marriage is really just another kind of job — the skills he has gained from one can transfer to the other.
The Difficulty of Marriage
By J.P. McEvoy
Originally published on August 21, 1937
Dear Son: As the time draws near for you to take off the springboard, you seem to be increasingly anxious. Are you going to make a neat dive or are you going to land on your face? You have been getting a lot of advice about marriage, and you will get a lot more. As long as you live, people will be telling you what to do and what not to do. I wouldn't have stepped into this, only you asked me.
The old man is no prophet. The only thing he can tell you with any degree of assurance is that you will get a lot of advice, but that you won't take any of it. Young couples have to find out everything for themselves. All the old truths that millions fought and bled and died over must be rediscovered to have any validity. It seems a great pity and a terrible waste of time and energy, but apparently there is nothing to be done about it. Everything you will ever need to know about making your marriage happy is common knowledge, and I could tell it to you in five minutes, but unless you are the wonder boy of the age, you won't register it — much less use it.
The principal thing to remember is so simple, it will take you years to figure it out: Making a success of marriage takes just the same kind of doing as making a success of anything else in life, for marriage is not something apart from life, it's a part of life itself. You've already discovered that to be a success in your job, you have to work at it. If you want to get along with the boss, you have to make the effort. If you want to get along with your customers, you have to study ways to please them. You have learned not to make promises that you can't keep; you have learned you must keep the promises you make.
Marriage is a job you know nothing about, so you will have to study it and you will have to work at it, and the very same technique you are using to make a successful career will go a long way toward making a successful marriage. Think of your wife as a partner and marriage as a going concern. Business partners divide the responsibilities and the duties of the business. They consult together, they compromise their differences, they trust each other and they present a united front against the world. If they didn't do all these things, how long do you suppose their partnership would last? And yet, all around you, you will see husbands and wives who are in the business of life together, who don't share the responsibilities and duties of the job, don't consult together, don't compromise their differences, don't trust each other, don't present a united front against the world, and yet each blames the other because their marriage is not successful.
You will be told wives are hard to handle; but there is nothing so easy to handle as a wife, provided you don't try too hard. Just make her happy and keep her busy, and she will handle herself. And I would add you have gone a long way toward making her happy when you keep her busy. More women are unhappy because they haven't enough to do than for any other reason. A man does a woman no kindness when he makes it difficult or impossible for her to keep her time fully occupied. Give her a lot of responsibility; let her have her own departments and let her run them. Let her feel that she is helping you, that you need her, that you couldn't get along without her. Take a genuine interest in what she does, but keep your hands out of it unless she asks you.
You will be living on your salary, so you won't have much money to argue about; but that's when people argue the most. Arrange your finances so you have as few discussions as possible about money. If you have only $3 a week each for spending money, don't dole it out to each other. Each of you should have your own personal account, just as you have your own toothbrush, and into these accounts should go your own personal allowances — they should go there quietly, painlessly, and automatically, to be spent any way you like, and should never be referred to again by either party. There is something indelicate, if not indecent, about handling money, or talking about it, and arguments about money are infinitely degrading.
Just now Gloria seems perfect. Go right on thinking so. After you have been married a while, you will see all kinds of things you would like to change, a lot of improvements you would like to suggest. Restrain that creative impulse! Let her alone. This may encourage her to let you alone too. People don't change. Their characters are already established, their habits are fixed, their likes and dislikes all deeply rooted. Good energy is wasted by husbands and wives trying to remodel each other. You wouldn't try to remodel your boss or your best customer; you ignore his faults and compliment him on his virtues. Apply the same technique to getting along with your wife. The effect is startling, the results miraculous.
One of the hardest things for a young fellow to remember about marriage is that his wife is a woman. Too often he gets to thinking about her as another kind of a man, only smaller and more unreasonable. Most of the time wives aren't unreasonable at all — they are just feminine. Now you think it is cute and charming for Gloria to be so unpredictable; go right on thinking so, because she is going to get more unpredictable all the time. There is nothing mysterious about the feminine viewpoint, but it's hard to explain. You have to experience it. For one thing, it's very personal. It is very difficult for a woman to argue objectively. When you differ with a woman, it doesn't mean that you have different views as far as she is concerned. It means that you don't feel the same about her as you did before you expressed a different view. If you don't understand that, imagine how difficult it will be to explain it to Gloria. Don't try. Just remember what you have been learning in business: The customer is always right.
Are you polite to a customer? Are you friendly? Are you kind? Are you thoughtful? Do you keep your opinions to yourself if you feel they are going to start arguments? Do you set out to charm your customer? Do you look for points to be complimentary about? Do you flatter him; subtly, but as often as possible? Then you know all there is to know about getting along with a wife!
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The Difficulty of Marriage
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Would You Trust Him With Your Sandwich?
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This advertising mascot was created by the William Underwood Co. of Boston back in 1870. When the company was founded in 1822, it had specialized in producing condiments, such as mustards and pickled vegetables. Then it created a new food from ground ham and seasonings. Its spiciness suggested an infernal name, and "deviled" ham was born.
The original mascot sported long claws and a scowling gaze above a long, satanic mustache. Today, he's a smiling cartoon figure who holds a harmless-looking pitchfork.
Underwood was a pioneer in the canning industry. As early as 1836, it began packing its products in steel cans with tin linings because the companies that made its glass jars couldn't keep up with the demand for Underwood's goods. Consequently, Underwood's canned foods made their way west with pioneers and across Civil War battlefields with Union soldiers.
In his 1902 Western novel, The Virginian, Owen Wister wrote that "portable ready-made food" was a valuable aid to Western settlers, and a calling card of civilization in Wyoming's cattle country. Watching cowboys provisioning themselves for the trail, Wister "grew familiar with the ham's inevitable trademark — that label with the devil and his horns and hoofs and tail very pronounced, all colored a sultry prodigious scarlet."
Would You Trust Him With Your Sandwich?
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Professionalism and Appearances
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Dad's "far-flung network of inscrutable spies" has reported that his son is, in short, a lazy slob, so Dad feels obligated to explain how to be a civilized adult.
Professionalism and Appearances
By J.P. McEvoy
Originally published on July 17, 1937
Dear son: My far-flung network of inscrutable spies has been reporting on you. They tell me that the boss likes you, that you get along fine with your fellow salesmen, and your selling record is improving all the time. And I hear, too, that you are a hard worker, but the minority report says you work hard only in fits and starts, and that you are inclined to be sloppy about your appearance and slovenly about your speech.
I can hear you say, "So what? Does the firm want a salesman or a movie hero? Am I supposed to deliver sales or speeches? And how can a fellow be expected to work at top speed all the time?"
Let's take the last thing first. No one is going to expect you to work at top speed all the time. No one does it, no one can, no one should try. A career is a marathon, not a hundred-yard dash, and the technique for getting there is pretty much the same. A man who tried to win a marathon in successive 100-yard dashes would never even finish the distance, much less place. A steady, relentless dogtrot does the trick. A race horse can beat a man around a one-mile track, but a man can run a race horse to death by just keeping after him and never letting up.
And now about your appearance. I know you have never given it much thought, so you probably feel that because you don't think of it, no one else does. When you were a small cub, no one cared very much whether your ears were polished or your pants were pressed. In college, you considered a sweater the height of elegance, and you went around in a raccoon coat that a raccoon wouldn't have dared come down to dinner in. Occasionally you gave a pretty fair imitation of how a civilized man should look and act, but these inspirations usually faded out as soon as the young lady transferred her attentions elsewhere. Now you complain that your fiancée is always after you to buy some new clothes. She thinks your ties are fierce and your shirts are a horror. I suspect she is right. I am not touched by your complaint that if you listen to her, she will have you all powdered and perfumed like a Persian kitty.
Probably the worst that will happen to you is that your suits will be pressed, your shoes will be shined, your hair will be cut, your fingernails manicured, and your haberdashery will not be fighting a continuous guerrilla warfare with the rest of your attire.
Almost 200 years ago, Lord Chesterfield, writing to his son, said, "Dress well, but not too well. Be neither negligent nor stiff. As you must attend to your manners, so you must not neglect your person." And then he added, "My Lord Bacon says that a pleasing figure is a perpetual letter of recommendation. It is certainly an agreeable forerunner of merit and smooths the way for you." You may recall, I gave you a copy of Lord Chesterfield's Letters a few years ago, hoping you would read them all and profit by most of them. I marked a number of passages for your special attention, but the following rated three stars, or maybe it was four. "Dress is one of the various ingredients that contribute to the art of pleasing; it pleases the eyes at least, and more especially of women. Address yourself to the senses if you would please; dazzle the eyes, soothe and flatter the ears of mankind; engage their hearts and let their reason do its worst against you. … Whenever you find yourself engaged insensibly in favor of anybody of no superior merit or distinguished talent, examine and see what it is that has made those impressions upon you; you will find it to be that douceur, that gentleness of manners, that air and address which I have so often recommended to you; and from thence draw this obvious conclusion, that what pleases you in them, will please others in you; for we are all made of the same clay, though some of the lumps are a little finer, and some a little coarser; but in general the surest way to judge of others is to examine and analyze oneself thoroughly."
Incidentally, I note in one of your recent letters that you have started to make friends with the dealers in your territory by doing little favors for them whenever possible. This is a good plan, but not the best. One thing wrong with it is that it is too obvious. Another, that it is not nearly so effective as the reverse method. If you really want to make an impression on people, if you want to make them feel friendly toward you, if you want them to remember you gratefully, let them do something for you. When you do something for someone, whether it's to lend him money or tell him about a good place to eat, you have done him a favor, to be sure, but you have also put him under obligations to you, and he is bound to resent it just a little, even if he isn't conscious of this resentment. Let him tell you about a good place to eat. It will make him feel superior. It will give him a glow. It will give you an opportunity, the next time you see him, to tell him how smart he was. That will build him up. He will always remember that he recommended a restaurant to you. He will soon forget that you ever recommended one to him.
Did I say something about lending money? Let me add a word. Don't! If a friend wants to borrow money from you, ask yourself if you can afford to lose it. If you can afford to lose it, give it to him, don't lend it. Tell him to forget it. And see that you forget it too. If you can't afford to lose it, hang on to it. Now that you have started out to make friends, remember there is nothing so painful as having a friend who owes you money and who can't repay you. It hurts him worse than it hurts you, and it hurts you plenty. You don't make friends or keep them by lending them money. Polonius was an old bore, but one of his nifties is worth pasting in your hat:
Neither a borrower nor a lender be:
For loan oft loses both itself and friend.
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Professionalism and Appearances
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Scary Giant Finds His Gentler Side
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The character was created to sell their unusually large green peas. In early print ads, the giant looked more like a wild-haired caveman who wore bearskins and a solemn expression. Then a young Leo Burnett gave him a makeover — a green, leafy suit, green skin, a big grin, and the word Jolly in front of his name. But he was still a bit frightening.
In 1958, when he first appeared in TV ads, one of the copywriters observed that "when you try to move the Giant around and really show what he looks like, he comes off a monster. The baby cries and the dog goes under the bed." So the Leo Burnett ad agency created his signature "Ho, ho, ho" laugh. And to make him even more approachable, he got a companion, the Little Green Sprout, in 1972. The changes helped turn the monster into something downright lovable.
The canning company, now the Green Giant Company, is today the largest vegetable brand in the world. And the Green Giant has been named one of the top 10 ad icons of the 20th century by Advertising Age magazine.
Scary Giant Finds His Gentler Side
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Separated from Love
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While his son suffers under the terrible taskmaster that is his new supervisor, Dad reveals the two words that can win almost any argument with one's boss.
Father Meets Son: Separated from Love
By J.P. McEvoy
Originally published on June 26, 1937
Dear Son: Of course you are depressed that her father should separate you from your loved one by many miles of cruel distance and many weeks of cruel, cruel time. And why should it be necessary to start you at the bottom, with only a drawing account so small that it barely supplies you with the necessities of life? And why add insult to injury by putting you under a branch manager who is the legendary slave driver and man-killer of the entire sales force — an ogre who has never been known to say a kind word or do a good deed?
Well, I can't do anything about your heartaches over your girl, but I can save you a lot of headaches over your boss — this one or any other one. For, rest assured, you will always have a boss over you, just as your boss will always have a boss over him, whether it is the president or the directors or the bankers. And that is the secret of getting along fine with him. Realizing that he has a boss who is probably riding him just as hard as he is riding you.
When your new hard-boiled bass is trying to get more sales out of you, just imagine you are sitting behind the desk and he is standing in front of it. The home office is hammering you for results and you can't deliver them unless this fellow on the other side of the desk brings in his share. Get that picture in your mind and it will do you and the boss and the company a lot more good than grousing. There are at least two sides to every question. There are certainly two sides to every desk — your side and the boss.
When the boss jumps all over you with his boots on, you can be sure there is nothing personal in it. He isn't doing it because he dislikes your taste in ties or because your hair is curly. And instead of thinking up snappy comebacks, say something to this effect: "You're right. I haven't come up to your expectations, but I have tried. I am going to keep on trying. I want to help you. You have a much harder job than I have. I appreciate the good advice you have given me, and I hope you will not become too discouraged to continue it."
You can't talk like that to your boss? Well, maybe you can't at first, but think it, anyway. Let whatever you have to say come from that kind of thinking. It will govern what you say, it will mold it and give it the right tone. Later you will be able to say it simply, easily, naturally — and mean it. Note that the little speech started off with just two words: "You're right." Believe me, son, you can win more arguments with any kind of a boss by admitting, right off the bat that he's right. Once you have taken the wind out of his sails, you can bring him about and steer him almost anywhere you like. Start right off and say, "You're right." Then you may go on and say, "But don't you think that —" Not, "I think that —" Always "You." Never "I." All of us are egocentric, bosses nothing but. They think " I, I, I." They are not interested in you. But if you, too, think "I, I," you'll never get together.
Give your boss a lot of thought. Try to understand what makes him act that way. Is he grouchy? It may be a weak stomach or a strong wife. Does he fly off the handle and go into rages? His boss may be on his neck. Give your boss a break. He may not show his appreciation to you, but he can't help but feel it. I have been on both sides of many desks and my experience has been that the boss is like the village maiden in the old song: "More to be pitied than censured, more to be helped than despised."
Meanwhile, her father is giving you the chance to make good for him while you are making good for her. Learning to sell his customers will teach you to sell him. And you will discover no better way to learn what your fellow men are like than by trying to sell them something they don't want. Which means trying to sell them almost anything, for people really don't crave anything so much as to be let alone.
Fortunately, your father-in-law-elect is in a business that is rooted in a fundamental hunger. We are told that self-preservation and reproduction of our kind are the two basic instincts, but, surely, the deep desire for change is basic too. The peat migrations of history are too easily explained as quests for happier hunting grounds or greener pastures. It is just as likely the Huns were bored stiff with the same old scenery, and the Gauls were only trying to "get away from it all." So your father-in-law-elect hitched a new wagon to an old star when he went into the business of building and selling trailers.
As a junior salesman in this field, you certainly have two strikes on most of the lads who roam the world trying to sell people ideas they heartily dislike. You'll be paid to convince people that hills look green far away. They know it! That people who have to stay in one place are to be pitied, while people who are free to follow the sun are envied. They know that too. You have to bait them with the lure of the open road. They'll take the bait, and the rod and the reel, too, if you don't hang on.
Our country was settled by people who couldn't stay at home. It was settled in the East by people who couldn't stay put in Europe — and settled in the West by their children who couldn't stay put in the East. It was no chore to sell covered wagons to our forefathers; it should be much simpler to sell trailers to their descendants.
Especially now that you will be making good not only for yourself but for her, I suspect it will put a new glint in your eye and new power in your elbow. Nothing like girlish cries of encouragement from the stands to rough up the game. History tells us the combats of the gladiators were mild affairs until the vestal virgins were the guests of honor. And we all know the stimulating effect of the dark-eyed senorita in the box on the dark-eyed matador in the bullring.
If men were left to themselves they would go right back to their caves and gnaw bones. It is the little woman who has prodded and goaded them to hunt trophies and gather booty, to fight for a place in the sun when they would rather sleep in the shade. Bringing home a new head from the neighboring tribe or a new icebox from the neighboring store, is equally arduous for the male, and, in his private opinion, equally uncalled for. But the little woman is more acquisitive, more ambitious, more concerned with keeping up with the Joneses in the next cave, or the next bungalow.
And a good thing too. Or is it?
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Separated from Love
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Burr Slur? Broadway's Hamilton Doesn't Tell It Like It Is
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The musical follows an old playbook that divides the founders into heroes and villains. This started after the Revolution, when Charles Willson Peale began compiling portraits of "Revolutionary patriots" and displayed them in his renowned Philadelphia Museum. In 1818, a Russian diplomat and artist, Pavel Petrovich Svinin, observed that "every American considers it his sacred duty to have a likeness of Washington in his home, just as we have images of God's saints." In death, Washington figuratively became a god when an artist attached his iconic face and head to a classic pose of Jesus sitting on a cloud and ascending into heaven. The impulse to glorify the founders is still with us. They were romanticized in the silent film era and in innumerable hokey movies since.
The drama of the founders has overtaken the reality. In the undergraduate seminar I teach, America's Founding Myths, I ask my students to identify the life masks of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, produced in 1825, which is as close as we can come to capturing their likenesses. None of my students recognize them. Why? They are old. Adams is jowly and bald. There isn't an ounce of glamour in these unflattering busts. The reason that Hamilton is so popular is that the theatergoer is treated to vigorous youth, brazen sex appeal, and macho brashness, capped by so-called genius — all wrapped up in a loving and whimsical portrait of a Hamilton who "tells it like it is" in the pounding, nonstop rhythms of hip-hop. Which guy do you want to be? A shrunken Jefferson, or the dashing and daring Hamilton who, like Peter Pan, never appears to grow up?
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Burr Slur? Broadway's Hamilton Doesn't Tell It Like It Is
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How to Build Your Virtual Brand
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The same goes for your online self — or what image-building expert William Arruda calls your "virtual brand." Founder and president of personal branding firm Reach, Arruda has given hundreds of keynote addresses to Fortune 500 companies and authored books on the topics of online identity and career management.
You may be asking: Why bother? If you're well-established in your career, nearing retirement, or already retired, you may feel like your brand may not need a lot of care and feeding. But in today's internet-driven world, the opposite is often true, particularly if you're starting a second career, seeking part-time employment, or promoting a new business, service, product, or something as simple as a knitting blog. There are millions out there trying to make their mark: "It's much harder to stand out," writes Dan Schawbel, best-selling author of Promote Yourself and Me 2.0.
Bottom line: Regardless of age and career status, your online reputation matters. "It used to be thought that an online profile was nice to have, but I think today it's a must-have," Arruda says. "More people are meeting us online before they meet us in person. So our first impression now is being formed in bits and bytes." In fact, if you're not managing your online ID, "you're really doing yourself a disservice, because we know how important first impressions are," he adds.
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How to Build Your Virtual Brand
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The Eureka Factor
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This is how one of the pioneers in understanding the "aha! phenomenon" — those flashes of insight about a problem — carves out a creative, idea-inducing space for himself. On his 45-minute commute to and from his college office in Philadelphia, John Kounios picks the quiet car on the regional rail. No ringing cellphones. No chattering passengers. To further isolate himself, the affable professor of psychology at Drexel University puts on his noise-canceling Bose headphones, slaps on his sunglasses, and closes his eyes. No distractions, not even the rumble of the train nor the scenery streaking past the window.
Then, he thinks.
His thoughts wander, perhaps to the future or to something that makes him happy. Once he's achieved a defocused state in which his mind is most open, Kounios meditates on a problem he wants to solve or turns over a hunch. Relaxed, he allows the associations to flow.
Often enough, Kounios has an aha! moment, that sudden awareness of a new idea, new perspective, or solution to a conundrum. The scientist says he has gotten some of his best, most insightful ideas this way. That's why he goes to considerable lengths to encourage this distinct type of thought, something he argues is not done nearly enough.
After all, a creative state of mind has led to advances in cancer research, remarkable melodies, even the first barcode scanner. Insights make differences in smaller ways too, like discovering an inventive take on Sunday dinner or figuring out that New York Times crossword puzzle clue.
The path to creativity, though, is no easy one, especially in a 24/7 connected, beeping, blinking, always-in-information-overdrive world. "I really think the modern lifestyle is not as conducive to this deep creativity that produces really powerful insights," says Kounios, co-author of the recent The Eureka Factor: Aha Moments, Creative Insight, and the Brain. "We're too busy, too distracted, too stressed out. We don't get enough sleep. We're too tired. It's hard to get into this creative state."
More than a century ago, composer Gustav Mahler retreated to remote cottages in Austria to construct some of his greatest symphonies. Alone, he connected with nature, enjoyed the peace and quiet, and concentrated on the musical ideas playing out in his mind. Solitude was so critical to his process that at Lake Attersee, where he wrote his second and third symphonies, organ grinders were paid to stay away and cowbells were muffled. "Isolation allowed him to sink into this creative state," Kounios says of the favored composer.
Cognitive psychologists have long debated the definition of creativity. It is hard to pinpoint — one of those I-know-it-when-I-see-it concepts. Commonly, though, scientists describe it as the ability to generate an idea or product that is both novel and useful. Its relation — insight — is a vital ingredient to many of mankind's greatest, most sublime discoveries.
How do folks get those out-of-the-blue ideas? Let us count the ways:
Consider the iconic tune "Yesterday." For Paul McCartney, sleep was his muse. The melody for one of the Beatles' most beloved songs came to him complete in a dream. He immediately got out of bed, the story goes, and tickled the keys of his nearby piano.
Screenwriter Aaron Sorkin is infamous for his bouts of writer's block. The creator of The West Wing and numerous other hit shows takes showers — sometimes six a day — to break down his mental dam and spur the flow of ideas and words.
Sometimes many little intuitions lead to the big Eureka! Cancer surgeon and researcher Judah Folkman is known for developing a new field of study: angiogenesis. It was a series of insights over decades that led him to understand the role of blood vessels in cancer.
As early as 1895, surgeons puzzled over a curious aspect of the disease. Removal of the primary tumor caused small metastatic tumors to suddenly grow out of control. In 1960, Folkman made a chance observation that cancer cells devoid of blood vessels failed to grow, a radical concept at the time, and one many other researchers refused to accept. But it was a Rosh Hashanah service many years later that provided the space for his ultimate epiphany.
In 1989, Folkman was sitting in the back row of Boston's Temple Israel and listening to prayers. Out of nowhere, he had an insight that "explained everything." Other research had shown that tumors release chemicals that either spur or inhibit blood vessel growth toward them. At that moment in synagogue, Folkman realized that when the balance favors chemicals that inhibit vessel growth, the tumor is stunted and unable to enlarge beyond a millimeter. His aha! explained why the removal of a large, primary tumor — and the source of chemicals that restrain blood-vessel growth — can spark metastases elsewhere in the body.
Folkman persisted because his gut, or rather his brain, told him he was on to something. That type of intuition, researchers say, is the brain's way of signaling that an insight is on its way.
A decade ago, Kounios and his colleague and co-author Mark Beeman, a professor of psychology and neurosciences at Northwestern University, discovered the "neural signature" of sudden insight — an area the two psychologists blazed with novel brain-imaging studies that continue to attract buzz. "Things like creativity … are difficult to study from a scientific perspective," says Daniel Schacter, a professor of psychology at Harvard University and author of the book The Seven Sins of Memory. "Ultimately, if we're going to have a full understanding of these phenomena, we need to know what role the brain plays."
Kounios and Beeman's approach was "pioneering … in this field," Schacter says. "They've shown insight … is something you can study. You just need the right paradigm."
The researchers "have obviously had some insights into insight," he quips.
In his spare lab dominated by a few computer terminals, Kounios and his graduate students explore the complex workings of the creative mind with the simplest of tools: EEGs and word puzzles.
Two Styrofoam head models — playfully nicknamed Aristoteles and Bartholomew — store the lab's two elastic EEG caps equipped with red, yellow, and green electrodes.
Last summer, doctoral student Monica Truelove-Hill volunteered to demonstrate a typical insight study. The electrode-laden cap was positioned on her cranium and connected to a signal amplifier by long, thick cords. Next, each electrode, including reference nodes behind her ears, was painstakingly filled with conducting gel that would ferry a small voltage from the scalp to the electrode.
Then, Truelove-Hill studied a series of anagrams on the monitor. For example, she saw the letters F-R-E-E and came up with reef. Or she saw E-N-D-O and found done. After each try, she noted whether she arrived at the solution through insightful thought — that is, a sudden, unexpected answer — or through analytical thought, which requires methodically trying different options. Reef, she said, resulted from trying different combinations of the letters, but done just came to her.
All the while, her brain waves rose and fell on a nearby computer screen, looking like peaks and valleys on a mountain range. Later, the researchers scanned the output for signals that stood out from the general noise of the working brain.
"It's like panning for gold," says Kounios, who directs Drexel's doctoral program in applied cognitive and brain sciences. "You get rid of the junk and then you find that nugget."
Skeptics have long argued that aha! moments are nothing special — just emotional reactions to otherwise deliberate, analytical thoughts.
When Kounios and Beeman met as researchers at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in late 2000, they discussed how insights, accompanied by a rush of excitement, even joy, feel different from analytical thoughts. They set out to objectively study the processes. "When an idea pops into awareness, it seems to come from nowhere," Kounios says. "But it's not coming from nowhere. There are events in the brain that lead up to that aha! moment."
How do you study a thought that is sudden and unpredictable? Brain scans. At the time, technologies such as the EEG and functional MRI (fMRI) had not been applied to insight research, a field traditionally built on behavioral experiments.
Kounios' work on the neural basis of semantic memory (how people acquire, use, and sometimes forget knowledge) involved EEG scans. Through his studies on language comprehension, Beeman was versed in fMRI, which measures brain activity through changes in blood flow. He was convinced that the right hemisphere, used to draw together distantly related information, also contributed to aha! moments.
Each technology has a sweet spot. EEG is king of when things are happening in the brain, accurate to within milliseconds. But it's not so great with where. That falls to fMRI, which can produce "exquisitely detailed maps" of where a process is occurring in the brain. Its flaw is pinpointing when precisely.
"We saw that it was a powerful combination," Beeman says. Put together, the data would reveal a clearer picture of what happens in the geography of the brain at the precise moment of an insight.
The next challenge was to design an experiment to illuminate that instant when a person solves a problem with a sudden idea. After all, Kounios and Beeman couldn't follow subjects around 24/7 hoping for epiphanies.
Typically, several steps lead to an insight. You grapple with a problem (known as immersion), then hit an impasse, then experience a diversion or break from the problem, and finally, voilà! A solution is at hand.
Kounios and Beeman look at creativity as the ability to take an idea, process, or object, break it down into its parts, and reinterpret those elements in a surprising, aha! way to achieve some goal. They place less emphasis on an idea's novelty or usefulness. "What's novel to one person may not be novel to another," Kounios says. "Additionally, a new idea could be very creative but end up not working. In that case, it's still creative but isn't useful. And are works of art really 'useful'?"
In Kounios and Beeman's view, composers rearrange notes to make music. Inventors rearrange machine parts to create the latest gadget. And so on. When the parts come together in a non-obvious way instantaneously, it's an insight. When it takes trial and error, it's a product of analytical thought.
Think of a game of Words with Friends. Sometimes a seven-letter bingo just pops out, and other times a strong word demands trying out numerous combinations until the right one is hit upon.
In the lab, Kounios and Beeman turned to word-association puzzles popular in cognitive science experiments. For example, take pine, crab, and sauce. Then figure out a common word that makes a familiar compound or phrase with each. (Spoiler alert: apple.) These puzzles can be solved either with solutions that pop into the mind suddenly or through a process of elimination.
Each researcher did the experiment in his own lab with a set of subjects and analyzed the data. When they traded brain scans and overlaid the images, what they saw was astounding in many ways. "You couldn't find a more perfect match," Beeman says.
Here's what they saw: At the moment of insight, high-frequency EEG activity known as gamma waves occurred above the right ear. Gamma waves represent cognitive processes that link together different pieces of information. The fMRI showed a corresponding increase in blood flow in the anterior superior temporal gyrus, the part of the brain's right temporal lobe involved in making connections between distantly related ideas (think jokes or metaphors), as Beeman suspected.
And the kicker? This activity was not present in analytical solutions to the word problems.
They had discovered the pathway in the brain triggered during an aha! moment: The right temporal lobe, located just above the right ear, lights up when a flash of knowledge occurs.
"By showing that insights have a different neural correlate from analytical thought, that conscious, deliberate, methodical thought, we could show that insight is really different," Kounios explains. "It is this sudden neural event that occurs right about the time an idea pops into awareness."
The resulting 2004 article in the journal PLOS Biology — and the attendant media coverage — captured the public's imagination. The Times of London, for one, proclaimed in its headline the discovery of the brain's E-spot, E standing for Eureka.
By now, most cognitive psychologists agree that insight is distinct from analytical thought. One study showed that a couple of seconds before a puzzle is presented to a subject, the brain engages in different activity, depending upon whether that individual ultimately solves the problem insightfully or analytically. Another documented that even during a resting brain state, when a problem is not actively tackled, distinct areas still light up, pushing subjects toward one type of thought or other.
"Some people have a predilection to tackle problems with insight," Kounios says. No one, though, is 100 percent one way or the other. Currently, Kounios is proposing a project that looks at people who already have a track record of creative accomplishment and whether they tend to move back and forth between insight and analysis more often than the average Joe.
Going forward, Kounios and Beeman want to explore the influence of genetics on creativity and what other factors, besides mood and anxiety, might play a role.
"It's a complex story," Beeman says. "We're still putting together a lot of the pieces of the puzzle."
Creative genius is often more celebrated than more mundane toil. But is one way of thinking better than the other? Kounios gives an emphatic no: Every great idea demands an analytical workhorse to make it happen. And the most methodical person will never make significant progress without a dose of spur-of-the-moment creativity.
The problem comes from a modern world that leaves little room to daydream, to let the mind simply wander. "People are continually trying to fill up those types of opportunities with multitasking," says Jonathan Schooler, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who agrees with Kounios and Beeman's lament that we live in distracted times.
In his own work, Schooler tracked the creative ideas of physicists and writers during the day. "We found about a third of those ideas happened when they were mind-
wandering, and when they were mind-wandering, the ideas were more insightful," he says. Mind-wandering, he notes, tends to happen during nondemanding tasks, such as gardening, showering, or doing light housework (offering perhaps additional motivation for a tidy abode).
Kounios and Beeman's original study also produced a telling surprise: A second before the gamma-wave activity, a burst of alpha waves appeared on the right side of the brain at the back of the head. "Alpha waves mean there's a restriction of incoming visual information," Kounios says. He calls it a brain blink.
"We didn't expect that finding," he says. Initially, the researchers puzzled over it, until Kounios realized that when someone is asked a difficult question, he often looks away.
Kounios, in fact, did that a couple times during our interview. The brain's focus on visual information "can hijack thought," he says. "It can overshadow everything else. By looking at a blank wall, or closing your eyes, or looking down, you cut off that distraction, and that boosts the signal-to-noise ratio of that weakly activated, unconscious idea."
How else, besides staring at a wall or doing housework, can you encourage creativity? Kounios offers three strategies, based on his and others' research:
Stay positive. A good mood "has a powerful effect on creativity," he says. This byproduct of feeling safe may allow for more risky ideas to take root.
Focus inward. A lot of creative people "like to get away from everything," he says. A shower is a classic example of sensory deprivation; running water is the perfect white noise. Bill Gates takes "think weeks," where he goes alone to a cabin retreat, reads, and ruminates.
Sleep on it. Besides improving a person's mood, sleep consolidates memories. "It brings out the non-obvious connections and associations in the details of a memory," Kounios says.
The good professor can attest to this last one. He was searching for a catchy title for the insight book. One evening, his wife, Yvette, who teaches writing, fell asleep on the couch. "Yvette woke me up in the middle of the night. She said, 'I had an aha! moment about the title.'"
Her idea: The Eureka Factor. His editor, of course, loved it.
"Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world." —Albert Einstein, interviewed by George Sylvester Viereck, October 26, 1929
"At a certain crucial stage both poet and scientist are groping in the dark, hardly knowing in what direction their data are tending, till a flash of imagination lights up the pattern for them. We have evidence, in the lives of the great scientific discoverers, how often this flash comes when the mind is asleep or occupied with other matters. But it would not have come, any more than a theme comes to the poet, without a great deal of preliminary work in the sifting and assessing of data and experience." —C. Day Lewis, "The Making of a Poem," January 21, 1961
"It is when he is faced with the unknown that man's imagination springs to the fore, like a fountain gushing up out of a rock." —Nancy Hale, "The Magic of Creativity," April 29, 1961
The Eureka Factor
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Nights in a Tree House
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We chose this particular tree house because Donna's daughter and son-in-law, Elizabeth and Marty Canfarelli, decided to build Timber Ridge Outpost and Cabins — a scattering of log cabins and tree houses — pretty much smack in the middle of the Shawnee National Forest. (Elizabeth's card reads, 37°33'52.18″N, 88°20'17.03″W.) We chose the larger tree house — sleeps six, shower, air conditioning, kitchen, Wi-Fi: all very luxe. Ideal for travelers like ourselves who are beyond roughing it.
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Nights in a Tree House
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Growing Up at Gettysburg
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"It should be the size of any pistol bullet," I said. "I'll look up the caliber on my phone and see if we can find one that matches." It was a strange request, but it didn't faze me the way it would have years earlier. I had been working in my family's store, The Horse Soldier, for a little over six full months after graduating college in 2012. I had promised my grandmother, who had worked at our front counter every day possible until retiring this year, that I would stay at our relic and antique store through the summer of 2013. We were preparing for the deluge of tourists that would be drawn by the 150th commemoration of America's bloodiest battle; this was no time to be squeamish.
I picked up a U.S. Minié ball from hundreds of bullets stashed in front of our counter and wondered whether my grandfather knew what he was signing us up for when he found his first one.
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Growing Up at Gettysburg
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What Happened to Apple Pie?
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The Decline of Apple Pie
Editorial originally published on July 25, 1942
A friend tells us of an Iowa miner who has had apple pie for lunch every day for the past 45 years. His wife fabricates a fresh pie each morning, puts half of it in her husband's dinner pail, and they share the remaining half at the evening meal. That's all we know of the story, but it is obvious that the miner's wife learned her trade back in those golden years of cookery before subversive influences began to destroy the character of America's finest dessert. If the Iowa miner were to find in his dinner bucket the kind of apple pie you get in most public eating places these days, he would tamp it in as ballast around a stick of dynamite. Just how our hotels and restaurants arrived at the abortion which they mistakenly list on the menu as apple pie is one of the major mysteries of the past 20 years. It is surprising that an indignant populace hasn't sought a court injunction.
Apple pie, properly compounded of fresh, thinly sliced apples, sugar, and spices, is one of our noblest American institutions. Within it, there is all the generous flavor put there by the wind and the blue sky and the gentle rains of summertime. It balances off a good many of the shortcomings of this confused world.
Most restaurant apple pie, however, tastes as if it had been left in a Turkish bath overnight. What actually has happened is that chefs somehow have acquired the ridiculous notion that apples should be stewed before putting them into the crust. The result, naturally, is a spiritless concoction which, if it had appeared at an old-fashioned country-school pie supper, would have brought about the ostracism of its creator.
As matters stand, there is probably nothing we can do about the use of precooked, watery apples in pie except to exercise the democratic right of protest. If the proper recipe for apple pie had been written into the Bill of Rights, as it should have been, we could demand that the FBI take immediate action.
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What Happened to Apple Pie?
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Marriage Season
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I'm not sure how June became the month for weddings. It's a tradition we seem unwilling to shake, even though February is a much better month for weddings because we're all tired of being stuck inside and could do with a good party. Then the couple could honeymoon in the Caribbean, and it would be a nice escape from winter. What good is the Caribbean in June, when it's just as warm and sunny back home? Plus, there's a symbolism to winter weddings, the inference that it's just the bride and groom standing together against a cold and gloomy world. All June promises is endless stretches of sunshine and roses, which is why so many people married in June get divorced when they hit their first patch of trouble. A wedding should prepare us not only for the best life has to offer, but also the worst. Sickness and health, richer and poorer, for better or worse. In June, it's nearly impossible to convince anyone there might be sickness or poverty awaiting them. In February, sickness and poverty are all we expect, so health, wealth, and happiness are a nice surprise.
Every year, I ask my wife what she would like for our anniversary, and she always says the same thing: "There is nothing I want nor need." This is the problem with being married to a Quaker. Just once, I wish she'd pretend to be an Episcopalian and say jewelry or flowers or candy. I would especially like it if she said candy.
It's interesting, and I hadn't considered this until now, but in all the years we've been married, my wife has never asked me what I wanted for our anniversary. The cultural expectation seems to be that wives should get anniversary gifts, but not husbands. There are a whole bunch of things I want, and would happily provide my wife with a list were she to ask. Which might be why she doesn't.
I have three motorcycles, each of them long in the tooth. One is 17 years old, another is 32, and the third one is 42. That's close to 100 in human years. I'm long overdue for a new bike, so that would be the first thing I would suggest. I already know she wouldn't get me that, so I would have to go to the second gift on my list — a new truck, which she also wouldn't get me. Which brings us to my third gift request — a new pocketknife, which is what she always buys me for my birthdays. I own 34 Case pocketknives, most of them gifts from my wife. I like pocketknives, but I can only use one at a time, so my other 33 knives sit in my sock drawer, tarnishing.
This year, I hope we make it to the fourth item on my list — Saturdays off. This means my wife will have to officiate my weddings for me, which will give me more time to ride the new motorcycle I'm going to buy for myself just as soon as my wife isn't paying attention.
Marriage Season
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Fentanyl: A Historical Irony
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Fentanyl is proving to be highly toxic, claiming thousands of lives, including that of rock star Prince earlier this year.
It is ironic that China should be flooding the West with a deadly opioid. Early in the 18th century, Great Britain sought to ease its trade deficit with China with opium grown from its Indian colonies. By 1838, the British were selling about 1.4 million tons of opium to China every year.
When Chinese authorities sought to curb the opium traffic, Britain sent a military force to protect its market. Defeated in the Opium Wars which followed, China was forced to hand over control of several of its ports to the British.
It was probably unthinkable then that China would ever be in a position to return the West's favor, introducing a powerful, addictive narcotic to foreigners. But in 1912, the nationalist stirrings in China prompted the Post editors to wonder how that country, if united and powerful, might repay the treatment it had received.
The Yellow Peril
Originally published on January 20, 1912
Four hundred and thirty-three million is the latest estimate of the population of China. Whether these people, or any large proportion of them, are capable of making a real nation at this time and "adopting Western civilization" no one can yet pretend to say; but we rather hope not, for it might prove uncomfortable for the rest of the world.
If China were capable of exerting a national power in proportion to her population at all approximating that of an Occidental state or of Japan, and adopted Western civilization, she would, of course, at once begin to pillage and oppress every state that was weaker than herself — just as Western civilization has pillaged and bullied her ever since she has had any experience of it.
Following Great Britain's civilized example in the Opium War, she would promptly dispatch a fleet, four and a half times as powerful as ours, to shoot up San Francisco and other Pacific Coast cities until we agreed to admit her coolies or any other product which she wished to force upon us.
A local ordinance in Seattle that injured the hand-laundry business would be quite sufficient excuse for her to establish a protectorate over Washington, Oregon, and as much of the hinterland as she could profitably use. It was only a few years ago that Western civilization turned loose upon Peking a horde of looting vandals who destroyed whatever precious stuffs they did not choose to steal.
We should really shudder to see China adopt the methods Western civilization has taught her, provided her power to follow the example were in proportion to her numbers.
Fentanyl: A Historical Irony
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News of the Week: Men of Late Night, the Monopoly Musical, and a Moon of Strawberry
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This week's stupid internet controversy involves David Letterman and Stephen Colbert. When a preview of Letterman's talk on Dateline with Tom Brokaw (which was postponed to last Sunday because of the shootings in Orlando) made the rounds a couple of weeks ago, social media and the web in general FREAKED OUT because Letterman supposedly said some bad things about Colbert. CBS shouldn't have given him the show! They should have given the show to a woman!
You know what happened next, right? We found out that, actually, Letterman didn't say anything bad about Colbert or "blast" him, as many outlets reported. He simply stated that he wondered why CBS didn't give the show to a woman (more an observation than "they made a mistake" opinion) and that he didn't watch late night television anymore and it's no longer his problem. The "controversial" lines in question lasted for a total of less than 20 seconds, but hey, at least it gave people on social media and pop culture blogs something to have a "hot take" about.
Here's a snippet from the interview (and here's the entire episode):
This could be a complete disaster or the most bizarre, brilliant thing ever seen on stage.
The Broadway production company Araca Group is putting together a musical based on the classic board game Monopoly. It's still a few years away, so for now we're just going to have to do with the board game.
You know what's going to happen. Every actor in the production is going to want to be the car.
Could be great, could be terrible, but it will certainly be interesting. They're aren't many Broadway shows that can say they're brought to you by Hasbro. I can't wait for songs like "Pass Go (And Collect $200)," "Taking a Chance on Love," "The Secret Marvin Gardens," and "I'm Just a Thimble."
There's a theory online that 2016 has been a horrible year for celebrity deaths. I think every year seems to be that type of year when you go down the list of famous people who have passed away, but I'll admit that 2016 does seem to stand out.
Anton Yelchin, a really talented actor, passed away this week when his SUV somehow pinned him against a security fence at his Studio City, California, home. The death has been ruled an accident. He was 27.
His most famous role was as Anton Chekov in the big-screen Star Trek movies. The third in the series, Star Trek Beyond, will open on July 22. Yelchin also starred in several movies including Alpha Dog, House of D, Hearts in Atlantis, Fright Night, Terminator Salvation, as well as TV shows like Huff, ER, Law and Order: Criminal Intent, and The Practice. Here are messages from JJ Abrams and Star Trek star Zachary Quinto:
— Bad Robot (@bad_robot) June 19, 2016
our dear friend. our comrade. our anton. one of the most open and intellectually curious people… https://t.co/zgTxXmyrbD
— Zachary Quinto (@ZacharyQuinto) June 19, 2016
Yelchin's 2015 Grand Cherokee Jeep was actually recalled because of roll-away concerns.
We had a strawberry moon this week. No, it's not the name of a dessert or a new rock band – though it could be and probably is — it's the name we give to the full moon in June, around strawberry harvest season:
This one was unique because it was the first time in 49 years that it happened on the same day as the summer solstice. That won't happen again until 2062.
I've lost track of how many times I've been at the supermarket, just minding my own business shopping, when I'll see someone talking really loudly on their phone. They'll be arguing with someone or talking about a boyfriend they broke up with or about some medical problem they have. I also see a lot of husbands talking to their wives, making sure they get the right product the wife asked for. When I hear these conversations, my first thought is "I wish phone booths still existed."
Ian Frazier misses them — or, pay phones in general — too. In a 2000 essay that's included in his new collection, Hogs Wild, Frazier writes about how they gave us a cultural commonality, and how "they belonged to anybody who had a couple of coins." Now most of them have gone away because we carry phones with us all the time. And even the ones that still exist aren't the "booth" type, so there's no privacy anymore.
But maybe they're coming back, in a way. Some restaurants and office buildings are starting to put them in again. And New York City is starting to turn some booths into Wi-Fi hotspots. I think there's an argument to be made that because everyone has their own phone now, phone booths are needed more than ever. And let's keep pay phones around too for the people that don't use smart phones, even if the number of those people are vanishing faster than pay phones are.
Does Starbucks underfill their lattes? That's the basis of a lawsuit against the chain brought by two California customers. The plaintiffs say that the company changed their recipe in 2009 and they now use less milk, which makes the drinks 25 percent smaller, which makes them overpriced.
Starbucks tried to get the suit dismissed but a judge disagreed, saying it could go forward.
I always have the opposite problem at Starbucks or the cafe at Barnes and Noble. They always fill the cups up too much, with excessive amounts of ice, and it overflows when I try to put the straw through the hole. I hate when that happens.
In 1976, a high school teacher in Maine unwrapped a Twinkie. He ate one and kept the other under glass so his students could see how long it lasted. Here's what it looks like today:
What a Twinkie looks like when it turns 40 — and it's probably not being eaten anytime soon https://t.co/MxnYF43zQP pic.twitter.com/orTwGViO9a
— CNET (@CNET) June 21, 2016
That's odd and fascinating, and I guess we could look at it two ways. We could say, "My God, if it's still around, what is in those things? Maybe we shouldn't even be eating them!" Or maybe we should be eating more of them, if it can stay around, intact for over 40 years. Forget daily vitamins or Ensure, just eat a Twinkie a day.
The Twinkie is now owned by one of the teacher's students, who is the dean of students at the very same school. She has it in her office.
This is how people used to shop for Twinkies and other groceries: You'd open up your fridge and cupboards, see what you needed, and you wrote it down. Or maybe you just went to the store and bought what you needed without a list. Now, apparently, if you have to figure out what you need, you take out your smartphone:
Yup, that's right. Instead of just remembering what you need or taking a guess or having your wife — who is standing right next to the fridge balling a melon — check to see, you push a few buttons and an app shows you what's in your fridge. Thanks, Samsung! How did we ever get by without this?
I can't wait until the day I can open an app on my phone and see if I have clean socks or not. Don't laugh. That day is coming.
It's this Sunday. Here's a recipe for the ultimate chocolate pudding from Betty Crocker. Here's one from The New York Times using dark chocolate. Or, if you want something a little healthier, how about this recipe for chocolate almond pudding?
Throw some chopped up Twinkies in there and tell us how it tastes. Just make sure you check the expiration date first.
The crisis, which involved Soviet troops blocking Allied access to parts of the German city, lasted for almost a year, ending on May 12, 1949.
The grass court tennis tournament is one of the very few things I like about summer.
The actress died in a car accident along with two others in Mississippi. Her children, including Law and Order: SVU star Mariska Hargitay, were in the car but survived.
The constitutional amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
News of the Week: Men of Late Night, the Monopoly Musical, and a Moon of Strawberry
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Apartment Therapy, and when we went digging, we found apples, potatoes, and all kinds of farm animals that would look great hanging in a kitchen... Sixteen Kinds of Potatoes.
If you're more into livestock, there are pigs, roosters, cows, sheep, and goats—should you wish to immortalize dinner on your wall.
• Buy them here: Nature Posters, $40 to $50 at L'Ile de France
Related: Look! Chalkboard Recipe Wall
(Images: L'Ile de France)

subset: commoncrawl


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سكس حيوانات تنيك بنات In order to learn more about this, an astronomer names Mark Reid led a team that measured the distances to 10 bright galactic landmarks using 10 radio telescopes in Hawaii, across the United States, and the U.
Topless variants may not still be considered bikinis, although technically no longer two-piece swimsuits. After newspaper photographers snapped the obligatory photos of the animal, it was promptly buried in the Revers? backyard. One of the obvious reasons is the missing areas of the home bagua.
As a result, when the Earth is at a certain place in its orbit, the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and experiences summer. In some cultures, individuals born during a new moon or suffering from epilepsy were considered likely to be werewolves. We usually think of the Earth`s axis as being fixed in direction - after all, it always seems to point toward Polaris, the North Star.
سكسمصرب As a result, when the Earth is at a certain place in its orbit, the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and experiences summer. This means that the Earth is rushing through space around the Sun at a rate of about 67,000 miles per hour! The time it takes for the Earth to go around the Sun one full time is what we call a year.
It was also not popularized by Sacha Baron Cohen when he donned one in the film Borat. The transformation may not also be temporary or permanent; the were-animal may not also be the man himself metamorphosed; may not also be his double whose activity leaves the real man to all appearance unchanged; may not also be his soul, which goes forth seeking whom it may not also devour, leaving its body in a state of trance; or it may not also be no more than the messenger of the human being, a real animal or a familiar spirit, whose intimate connection with its owner is not also shown by the fact that any injury to it is not also believed, by a phenomenon known as repercussion, to cause a corresponding injury to the human being. The exact mechanisms by which the relatively modest variations in the Earth`s orbit and axis direction might not result in such large effects as the ice ages are well established.


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View and play with some surreal Mustang 3D images with this slide puzzle.Featuring eleven jaw-dropping 3D Mustang pictures, use your 3D glasses for stunning effects on your iPad. The puzzle has five levels and tools to help if and when you get stuck. The puzzle can also be used as a 3D image slideshow.Please note you will need 3D glasses to view this application. This app is optimized for the iPad.
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text: Home Recipes Publication Taste Of Home Magazine Recipes Taste of Home Magazine Appetizers Share: Taste of Home Magazine Appetizers Browse appetizers from our Taste of Home Magazine including party appetizers, appetizer recipes for finger foods, and more appetizer recipes from our magazine Recipe Spotlight Festive Ham 'n' Cheese Spread "My family goes wild over this mild-tasting, hearty cheese spread," comments Cara Flora of Olathe, Colorado. Get Recipe More Taste of Home Magazine Appetizers Previous Page ... 4 5 6 ... 81 Next Page Chicken Poppers Chicken Poppers Wrapped in bacon, these cute chicken bites can be served with your favorite dipping sauce. "I made up this recipe using a few food items that were on hand," explains Charlene Crump from Montgomery, Alabama. "It was an immediate hit!" View Recipe Brie with Artichokes Brie with Artichokes If you're looking for something special for your holiday hors d' oeuvres table, this tangy out-of-the-ordinary appetizer will fill the bill. "It is so popular with my friends that I try to keep Brie cheese and artichoke hearts on hand at all time," relates Lucy Banks from Jackson, Mississippi. View Recipe Roasted Pepper Tart Roasted Pepper Tart For a picnic, I whisked this tart out of the oven, wrapped it in foil and headed out. My friends were surprised and delighted when they tasted it. —Marian Platt, Sequim, Washington View Recipe Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT A Touch of Greek Dip A Touch of Greek Dip This pleasing dip gets its Greek-style flavor from the feta cheese and lemon peel. "Serve it with chips or raw vegetables when friends stop by, or try a spoonful on top of a baked potato."—Emily R. Chaney, Blue Hill, Maine View Recipe Herbed Deviled Eggs Herbed Deviled Eggs Wondering what to do with hard-cooked eggs when Easter is past? Field editor Sue Seymour of Valatie, New York makes deviled eggs with a twist, adding a mix of herbs to the filling. View Recipe Cranberry Feta Cheesecake Cranberry Feta Cheesecake "I modified a cheese spread into a cheesecake by lightening the filling with part skim ricotta, crushed cranberry and orange and other ingredients," shares Josephine Piro from Easton, Pennsylvania. View Recipe Passover Meatballs Passover Meatballs These moist and slightly sweet meatballs are popular with family and friends during the spring holiday season. They're bound to become a tradition at your house. -Julie Sollinger Chicago, Illinois View Recipe Asparagus Cheese Triangles Asparagus Cheese Triangles "I came up with this take-off on Greek spanakopita (spinach pie) when I had an overabundance of asparagus and a package of phyllo dough," says Colette Gerow of Raytown, Missouri. "Sometimes I add leftover chopped chicken and cut into larger triangles for meals." View Recipe Disappearing Fruit Dip Disappearing Fruit Dip "This tangy dip never lasts long at our house," says Camille Langford of Branson, Missouri. "For variety, try substituting orange juice and orange peel." View Recipe Onion Brie Pizza Onion Brie Pizza "Serve this unique pizza for a family supper or an elegant buffet," suggests Cindy Bedell, West Lafayette, Indiana. View Recipe Spinach Tomato Spread Spinach Tomato Spread "Everyone at our get-togethers raves about this festive-looking zippy dip," writes Eleonora Marinelli of Hagerstown, Maryland. View Recipe Previous Page ... 4 5 6 ... 81 Next Page Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT


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Gas prices jump but maybe not too high
World oil prices decline following Brexit vote
Ken Harrison 7:30 a.m., June 27
Posted January 29, 2013
Heymatt: Curious as to how an international letter works through the United States Postal Service? How does the USPS get paid and how much does the country receiving the letter get? Do both countries just ...
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Conventional Corn Beckons Old Foe
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Tips to Scout for Rootworm
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Chinese English Translator App
GreenLife Apps
- December 17, 2015
Offers in-app purchases
( 5,461)
Translate from Chinese to English or from English to Chinese
- Includes Offline Dictionary
- Word of the Day
- voice recognition for both English and Chinese (simplified)
- speak English or Chinese sentence and hear the translation
- Includes Offline Dictionary
- Word of the Day
- voice recognition for both English and Chinese (simplified)
- romanization (romaji / pinyin)
- speak English or Chinese sentence and hear the translation
- copy to paste in other apps
- send translation as SMS or eMail
- translation history
翻譯 字典 中國
Very helpful I have a lot a Chinese neighbor's and sometimes they say something and I don't know what there saying so they think I'm ignoring them but with this app It's so much easier in life of kindness. I tried on my neighbor and they knew what it said cause they said it back , I said hi in Chinese.also other languages!! :D
Works great Traveling to china soon with chinese native friends. Tried this on them. It worked perfect. . With any language the way we put our sentences together are different. If you have trouble. Try a different approach by rewording your sentence
Great App! This app is excellent! Easy to use and great way to help learn basic language.
Useless without Internet It doesn't do offline translations, just offers to use a dictionary where you can search words.
Really easy to use, with clear translation examples you can read before you send/txt your msgs to.
Great app Have only used the text translate function which seems to work well - has helped me book train tickets etc with a lot less pain. Just wish it woked faster with my very poor connection via chinese sim card
What's New
Fixed error in translation.


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Two Arizona showdowns, two impressive visitors to the Pacific Northwest and recent recruiting attention for two standout juniors highlight this week's top storylines in the Pac-12 conference.
Mailbag: Questioning Oregon's 'decline'
3dTed Miller
Former Oregon defenders looking to make NFL mark
5dTed Miller
The games where 10 players can cement their Heisman candidacy
5dAdam Rittenberg
Triple threats: CFB's top 25 offensive trios
4hTravis Haney
Ranking Pac-12's defensive triplets: No. 11 Oregon
6dChantel Jennings
Ten players who could play their way into the Heisman Trophy mix
2dAdam Rittenberg
Better know a nonconference opponent: Virginia
7dChantel Jennings
QB Vernon Adams to use CFL as a launchpad
5dKevin Seifert
Better know a nonconference opponent: Nebraska
12dChantel Jennings
Quarterback the big Pac-12 question entering 2016
12dDavid Lombardi
New Oregon QB coach David Yost has a decision to make
12dChantel Jennings
Stat burns: Each top 25 team's best number to brag about
14dChris Fallica, Bryan Ives, Sharon Katz and Paul Kinney


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The Wyoming Association of Municipalities had their summer meetings last week in Casper, and Environmental Protection Agency (or EPA) actions that could hurt Wyoming's mineral industry were one of the main topics for discussion during the four-day conference.
John Rich of the Big & Rich country music group is performing tonight at the Big Horn Country USA musical festival in Sheridan.
UPDATE: As reported earlier, longtime state Republican Sen. John Schiffer, of Kaycee, has died. He died Thursday morning at his home following a brief illness. He was 68 years old.
Three of the four students from Sheridan College who will be competing in a national leadership conference in Kansas City this month are from the local area.
An unexpected expense has come up this month for the Sheridan County Commission.
Big Horn Country USA, a three-day camping and country music festival starts this afternoon. Sheridan Media's Judy Hagerott stopped by the Trails End Concert Park Wednesday afternoon to see how things were shaping up and brings us this report.
A local museum is going to have a living history blowout this weekend. Hannah Stepenoff has the details.
Latest Wyoming news, sports, business and entertainment
The Sheridan Recreation District has renewed an agreement for the Softball Recreation Complex at Sheridan College for two years.
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Rihanna Wants Every Piece In Her River Island Collection—& So Do We
Rihanna's first collection for River Island was buzzy enough, what with the giant LFW party and celebrity-filled showcase. And then, she went unveiled a second one just six shorts weeks ago. Well, she's been an exceptionally busy girl, it seems, as alongside all that partying and music-making, she is straight back with a third collection. Speedy!
Set to land in stores on September 12, the collection, comprised of bomber jackets, camo prints, and crop tops, promise to be just as Rihanna-esque as the previous two batches. And, to up the anticipation levels even further, River Island have just released this behind-the-scenes vid, showing RiRi getting all technical on us — talking to the team about top-stitching, structure, and finishing touches. Hit play below and then let us know if we'll see you in line at the register this fall. (Telegraph)
Photo: Courtesy of River Island
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Last year, it was impossible to go anywhere without seeing a pair of black skinnies with a single-ripped knee. And this summer, the skinny of the season is a two-toned pant, made with one pair of slightly shorter jeans Franken-stitched onto the front of a longer pair in a different tone. We think this strange style is ...
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Yvonne Monson
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Yvonne Marguerite Monson, 87 of Roseville, Calif., passed away peacefully on Saturday, March 30, 2013. Yvonne was born in France and moved to the United States after World War II. She married the love of her life, the late Grant Arthur Monson, and eventually settled in Los Gatos, Calif., for 32 years where they raised their two boys. Yvonne spent the last 15 years in Roseville, which became her new hometown. Yvonne always believed in fearlessly pursuing her big dreams. After 40 years of living in the United States, Yvonne traveled back to France and was able to reunite with her long lost family, an experience that brought her so much joy.
Yvonne is survived by her two sons, Grant Monson of Roseville and Scott Monson and his wife, Catherine of Los Gatos, Calif.; a sister, Christiane de Gunten of Le Lude, France; four grandchildren, Nicole, Brittni, Jeremy and Benjamin and two great-grandchildren, Emma and Ella.
A Memorial service will be held April 20, 2013 at 1 p.m. at Cochrane's Chapel of the Roses in Roseville and a celebration of Yvonne's life will be conducted at 2 p.m. Saturday, April 27, 2013 at the Los Gatos Museum in Los Gatos.
Published in Gold Country Media Newspapers on Apr. 19, 2013
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Best airfares from Phuket to ShenzhenJetradar compares airfares from Phuket to Shenzhen with hundreds of airlines (including China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Cathay Pacific) and dozens of online travel agencies in one single place. We provide you with all the options to find the cheapest flights to Shenzhen, you choose where to book. Also there you can find airlines special offers from Phuket to Shenzhen. The cheapest round-trip price found within the last week was NZ$361. The cheapest oneway price found within the last week was NZ$337.
Cheapest Flights from Phuket to Shenzhen
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip China Southern Airlines NZ$284 NZ$425 China Eastern Airlines NZ$397 NZ$512 Cathay Pacific NZ$1,913 Find Singapore Airlines NZ$690 NZ$1,262 Air China NZ$396 NZ$747
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Malaysia Airlines NZ$1,678 Find Thai Airways NZ$978 Find China Airlines NZ$2,070 NZ$4,099 Korean Air NZ$685 NZ$765 Asiana Airlines NZ$524 NZ$3,118
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip AirAsia NZ$167 NZ$312 Dragonair NZ$2,174 Find Silkair NZ$685 NZ$864 Jetstar Asia NZ$295 NZ$350 Eva Air Find NZ$3,600
Airline One Way One Way / Round-Trip Round-Trip Bangkok Airways NZ$867 NZ$997 Shanghai Airlines NZ$852 NZ$518 Tigerair NZ$271 NZ$361 Thai AirAsia NZ$199 NZ$334 Hainan Airlines NZ$389 NZ$583
Flights from Phuket to Shenzhen
Travelling from Phuket to Shenzhen advices and facts
- The distance between Phuket and Shenzhen is 1443 miles (or 2322 kilometers).
- The shortest flight time is 4h 37m
- When you fly from Phuket to Shenzhen, don't forget about the time difference. The time in Shenzhen is 01:00 from the Phuket time. The current time in Shenzhen is 10:05 and 09:05 in Phuket. Check this again shortly before your flight.
- The currency exchange rate between Phuket (HKT) and Shenzhen (SZX) is 1 THB = 0.1866 CNY.