text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 5, 1999
|Filing date
|Jun 25, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 25, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James W. Darby, James Walthall
|Original Assignee
|Greenwood, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (34), Classifications (27), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to burial vault and casket constructions and, more particularly, to a lightweight burial container assembly which is constructed of a plurality of individual and assembleable pieces and which is filled with a desired filler material to provide improved load bearing capability. A method for constructing a burial container which employs the assembly of the invention is also disclosed.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art is well documented with examples of burial vaults and burial vault/casket constructions. The more traditional of such constructions has consisted of a burial casket constructed of either a wood or a polymer or other synthetic material which is used for holding the body of the deceased and, upon burying of the deceased, is placed within a two-piece concrete vault enclosure. As is well understood in the art, the drawbacks of such constructions include not only the overall expense of both the vault and casket but the size and weight considerations involved, particularly with the burial vaults which can easily weigh more than 2400 pounds including the base and lid. A further disadvantage endemic with standard sized vault enclosures is the inevitability of cracks and seams which result in water seepage within the vault enclosure, such seepage typically resulting in the entire vault being filled with water and the water subsequently unseating the casket from its anchored position and permeating through the casket to the body contained within. Another disadvantage of current burial casket designs, especially those designated as combination vault and casket constructions and employed without the provision of a surrounding vault enclosure, is the tendency of the ground conditions which may change or shift over time, with the result that the combination assembly will rotate and pivot within the ground, and the result being the eventual compromising of the seal integrity of the vault/casket.
Recent attempts in the prior art have been made to improve upon the most conventional of burial construction assemblies, both in the areas of weight reduction and simplified design. U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,733, issued to Goria, teaches a combination burial vault and casket in which both the lid and base are constructed of a synthetic resinous material of one piece and seamless construction. Both the lid and base are constructed with composite hollow walled interiors and which are capable of being filled at the grave site with either a concrete or pumpable light-weight cellular concrete for added strength. The lid and base are configured so that they may be engaged by mechanical means, such as vertically securing bolts or by chemical means. Although the combination vault and casket construction of Goria does provide significant weight reductions over the prior art, it still suffers a realistic shortcoming of the relative bulkiness of the base and lids and the shipping requirements which are necessary to transport the one-piece lid and base to the gravesite.
An additional example of the prior art is illustrated in Reissue U.S. Pat. No. 29,114, issued to McQuestion, which discloses a burial vault construction having a preformed hollow fiberglass resin base and cover shell with increased tensile strength and crack-resistance. The inner surface of the shells are provided integrally formed fiberglass anchor loops which become embedded within and facilitate gripping of a fillable cement sand-stone composition. Additional short steel wires may be placed randomly within the fillable composition to increase strength and tensile resistance. McQuestion is similar in respects to Goria in that, while it too improves upon the weight consideration of the vault design, the base and lid must again be transported in one-piece fashion and McQuestion further requires a fairly elaborate assembly of the shells to provide the requisite tensile load bearing characteristics.
The present invention is a burial container assembly and, specifically, a combination vault and casket assembly having a base which, in a preferred embodiment, is constructed of a plurality of individually transportable and on-site assembleable pieces and the base and shell are further provided with hollowed interiors capable of being filled with a filler material to increase dramatically increase the strength and load bearing capabilities of the assembly and without a significant increase in the overall weight of the assembly.
The lid is constructed with a top and a plurality of sides extending from the top to define in combination a first downwardly facing perimeter edge and is constructed as a first hollow interior shell with an inner layer and a spaced apart outer layer, a portion of the top is capable of being either releasably securable or removed completely to expose the first hollow interior shell. The base is likewise constructed with a bottom, side walls and end walls which extend from the bottom to define in combination a second upwardly facing perimeter edge surrounding an open interior. The base is constructed as a second hollow interior shell with an inner layer and a spaced apart outer layer which defines the second hollowed interior and which is accessible from a perimeter surrounding the bottom.
The first and second hollowed interiors are each fillable with a filler material which, according to a preferred embodiment, is a plasticized foam which is impregnated with a sand, gravel or flux composition which replaces the more standardized concrete fillers used in the prior art and which serves to greatly increase the durability and load bearing capabilities of the assembly while decreasing its overall weight. A nozzle or gun is provided which feeds the filler material from a supply through a hose or feed line and into the hollowed interiors of the base and lid. The portion of the top which is releasably secured, or already open, is removed in a first filling step of the lid to permit the foamable composition to be filled.
The inner layer of the base is provided as a solid rectangular shaped body which defines the open interior and which further includes an outwardly projecting ledge which extends from an upper portion of the body and around its circumference. The outer layer of the base is provided by a plurality of individual and end-to-end attachable planar shaped side/end pieces and corner pieces which, upon assembly, are secured to the outwardly projecting ledge of the inner layer in encircling fashion to establish the second hollowed interior which is accessible from an open bottom perimeter of the bottom. The side/end pieces and corner pieces are attachable both to each other and to the outwardly projecting ledge of the inner base layer by either a glue adhesion material or, as is also disclosed, by provision of a plurality of strips of two-sided adhesive tape. Upon assembly, the base may be inverted to an upside down position, upon which the second hollowed interior is filled with the foamable and impregnated material.
The advantage of providing the base in a breakdown assembly is appreciated when considering the savings in transport provided both by reduced size of the assembly in shipping as well as a reduction in its weight which translates into considerable dollar savings. A further advantage is evident from the ability to fill the lid and base with the foamable filler composition either at the vault production facility or the gravesite in both a quick and efficient manner. The present invention also discloses a method of assembling a burial container which discloses the steps of filling the first hollowed interior of the lid with a foamable composition, assembling the individual side/end pieces and corner pieces around the inner layer of the base, and inverting the base to fill the second hollowed interior.
Reference will now be made to the attached drawings, when read in combination with the following specification, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the burial container assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially exploded view similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 and further illustrating the plurality of individual side/end pieces and corner pieces of the base in an assembled state according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the base and lid of the burial container in an assembled state according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an end view of the burial container illustrated in FIG. 3 and further showing the configuration of the negative impressions along the sides and top of the container which facilitate locating and fixed positioning within the ground;
FIG. 5 is a cutaway view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4 and showing in cross section the first and second hollowed interiors of the base and lid within which is held the foamable filler composition;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the first downwardly facing and second upwardly facing perimeter edges of the lid and base in an engaged position and further illustrating the two-sided adhesive tape according to a preferred embodiment for securing the base and lid together;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a representative portion of an interior adhesive layer which is applied to the inner facing surfaces of the base and lid which establish the first and second hollow interiors and which facilitate adhesion and even filling of the interiors by the foamable composition;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a corner of the assembleable base illustrated in FIG. 1 and further showing the dual-sided adhesive tape for attaching the side/end pieces and corner pieces both together in end-to-end fashion as well as to the outwardly projecting ledge of the base;
FIG. 9 is a cutaway view of the lid which exposes the first hollowed interior and further illustrates the application of a foamable filler composition within the hollowed interior;
FIG. 10 is a side view in cutaway of the assembled base in an inverted position and illustrating the ability to fill the second hollowed interior with the foamable filler composition;
FIG. 11 is bottom view of the assembled base, in reduced length for ease of presentation, and again showing the perimeter which defines the second hollowed interior as well as the plurality of vertically extending ballast tubes for receiving specified volumes of ground water within the vault assembly to increase its weight mounted within the grave excavation;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view a bottom facing portion of a selected ballast tube which includes a foot valve for facilitating one-way inflow of ground water;
FIG. 13 is an environmental end view illustrating a plurality of corner ledges provided by the negative impressions in the burial container base which permit the burial container to be lowered by a cable within a grave excavation in a first burial stage; and
FIG. 14 is an environmental end view similar to that shown in FIG. 13 and further showing the burial container in a second buried stage in which the excavation is completely filled and the negative impressions formed along the sides and top combine with the biasing nature of the foam filled perimeter base to fixedly locate the burial container relative to the surrounding earth.
Referring to FIG. 1, an exploded view of a burial container assembly is shown at 10 according to the present invention and generally includes a lid 12 and a base 14 consisting of a plurality of exploded and arrayed components. The lid 12 and base 14 are preferably constructed of a durable and high-strength plastic or polymer composition which will not decay over a long period of time within the grave and which further exhibits a high degree of load resisting and load bearing capabilities when assembled together and buried in the ground.
The lid is constructed with a substantially flat and planar top 16, and is preferably rectangular in shape with a first side 18, a second end side 20, a third side 22 and a fourth end side 24 which all extend from the top 16 in a downwardly and angular fashion. The first side 18, second side 20, third side 22 and fourth side 24 all terminate in interconnected and substantially vertically arrayed lower portions, illustrated in FIG. 1 as lower portion 26 extending from side 18 and lower portion 28 extending from side 20. FIG. 5 also shows a lower portion 30 extending from side 22.
As is best illustrated in FIG. 5, the lid 12 is shown in cross sectional cutaway and includes an inner layer 32 and a spaced apart outer layer 34 which form a first internally hollowed shell extending along the top 16, the sides 18, 20, 22 and 24 and downwardly along the interconnected and vertically arrayed lower portions by which each side terminates in a downwardly facing direction. The vertically arrayed lower portions of the sides 18, 20, 22 and 24 establish, in combination, a first downwardly facing perimeter edge, shown at 36 for side 18 and at 38 for side 30 in FIG. 5. As is further illustrated in the expanded view of FIG. 6, the portion of the first downwardly facing perimeter edge 32 for the side 26 includes a downwardly extending outer layer 34 and an outwardly angularly extending inner layer 32 which establish a flat bottom surface 38. Formed within the flat bottom surface 38 in a generally centralized location is a recessed channel configuration 40 with angled side walls and an interconnecting base wall and which, in combination with the flat bottom surface 38, provides a first engaging surface for the downwardly facing perimeter edge of the lid 12.
As is also best shown throughout the various figures, and most particularly FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 9, the lid 12 is further provided with a first layer of upper spaced apart projections 42 extending around a top surface and a second layer of enlarged and spaced apart projections 44 extending around the lid at a lower and outwardly spaced location corresponding to the juncture between the sides 18, 20, 22 and 24 and the downwardly arrayed lower portions (again illustrated at 26, 28 and 30 for sides 18, 20 and 22). The spaced projections 42 and 44 are disposed in substantially horizontal fashion at the upper and lower locations and along the four sides of the lid 12 for the purpose of increasing the surface area of the burial container assembly which contacts the surrounding earth and to thus contribute to increased fixed location of the container assembly within the ground as will be subsequently described.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the base 14 includes a rectangular shaped body 46 having a bottom 48 from which extends upwardly in combination a first side 50, a second side 52, a third side 54 and a fourth side 56 to define an open interior and within which either human remains (not shown) or a remains held within some other form of intermediate enclosure (perhaps another type of insertable casket also not shown) is insertable. Upper edges of the first 50, second 52, third 54 and fourth 56 sides define in combination a second upwardly facing and perimeter edge of the base 14. Specifically, the upwardly facing perimeter edge is defined by sides 58, 60, 62 and 64 which correspond to the sides 50, 52, 54 and 56, respectively. Referring again to the enlarged view of FIG. 6, the upwardly facing perimeter edge 58 associated with side 50 of the rectangular shaped body 46 is illustrated in operative engagement with the recessed channel configuration 40 of the associated side 18 and downwardly extending portion 26 of the lid 12 and includes a projecting configuration which extends in a generally centralized location above a flat upper and inner surface 66 and which matches the recessed configuration 40 of the first downwardly extending perimeter edge. In this fashion, the lid 12 is capable of being secured to the base 14 by means of an adhesive such as a butyl based gasket 68 which is applied between the recessed configuration of the first downwardly facing perimeter edge and the projecting configuration of the second upwardly facing perimeter edge. The adhesive 68 may be of a type conventionally used in the mortuary art and, alternatively, the adhesive may be provided as a dual-sided adhesive tape.
The rectangular shaped body 46 also includes outwardly projecting ledge portions extending along each of the sides. As best seen in FIG. 1, a first projecting ledge portion 70 extends outwardly from an upper portion of the first side 50, a second ledge portion 72 extends from second side 52, a third projecting ledge portion 74 extends from third side 54 and a fourth projecting ledge portion 76 extends from fourth side 56. The projecting ledge portions 70, 72, 74 and 76 are interconnected around a periphery of the rectangular base 46 and display upper faces for providing abutting support with the interengaging portions of the downwardly facing perimeter edges of the lid, as best shown in FIG. 6, and outer edges for facilitating assembly of the base as will be subsequently described.
Referring again to FIG. 1, a plurality of individual and assembleable pieces are provided for installation around the rectangular shaped body 46 and include a first planar shaped side piece 78 corresponding to first side 50, a first corner piece 80, a second planar shaped end piece 82 corresponding to side 52, a second corner piece 84, a third planar shaped side piece 86 corresponding to side 54, a third corner piece (hidden from view), a fourth planar shaped end piece 88 corresponding to side 56 and a fourth corner piece 90. The individual and assembleable pieces are arrayed around the rectangular shaped body 46 and, upon subsequent assembly, provide the base with a second shell construction in which the sides of the body form inner surfaces and the assembleable pieces outwardly spaced surfaces.
Referring to FIG. 8, an enlarged view is shown of the assembly of the fourth end piece 88, fourth corner piece 90 and first side piece 78 to their associated sides of the body 46 and its outwardly projecting ledge portions. The assembly of the side piece 78, end piece 88 and corner piece 90 to the rectangular shaped body 46 is exemplary of the construction of all the assembleable pieces which make up the outer shell layer. The first planar shaped side piece 78 is provided with a vertically extending corner edge portion 92 having an outer face 94 and an edge face 96 and further having a top edge 98.
The fourth corner piece 90 includes a first angled side 100 and a second angled side 102. As is best illustrated from the first angled side 100, an upper interlocking guide portion 104 and a lower interlocking guide portion 106 are illustrated in phantom and extend from an inner surface of the corner piece 90 in opposing fashion to the first side piece 78. A pair of corresponding receiving portions 108 and 110 are formed in recess fashion along the outer face 94 of the vertically extending corner edge portion 92 as is a first strip of a two-sided adhesive tape 112. In a first assembling step, a paper backing 114 of the adhesive tape 112 is removed from the side piece 78 and the associated angled side 100 of the corner piece 90 is engaged over the corner edge portion 92 so that the interlocking guide portions 104 and 106 are located within the receiving portions 108 and 110 and the exposed face of the applied adhesive tape 112 adhesively secures the inner face of the first angled side 100. Although not illustrated clearly in FIG. 8, similar elements are provided between the second angled side 102 of the corner piece 90 and associated outwardly facing side edge of end piece 88 (not shown) for engaging the corner piece 90 to the end piece 88. Additional strips of adhesive tape 116 and 118 are provided on upper facing edges 120 and 122 of the corner piece 90 and end piece 88, respectively and, in combination with an adhesive strip 124 placed upon the upper edge 98 of first side 78, are applied to corresponding underside surfaces of the outwardly projecting ledge to secure the assembleable pieces in spaced apart fashion from the associated sides which make up the rectangular shaped body 46.
As is specifically illustrated in the enlarged view of FIG. 6, the adhesive strip 124 secures the inwardly facing upper edge 98 of the associated side piece 78 to the underside of the outwardly projecting ledge portion 70 associated with the first side 50 of the rectangular shaped body 46. In this manner, the second hollowed shell of the base 14 is created by the affixing of the assembleable pieces around the periphery of the rectangular shaped body 46 so that the sides 50, 52, 54 and 56 of the rectangular body 46 form the inner layer of the second shell and the assembleable sides 78 and 86, ends 82 and 88, and four corners (illustrated by corners 80, 84 and 90) in combination form the spaced apart outer layer. The arrangement of the spaced apart inner and outer layers of the lower base shell is also illustrated in the cutaway view of FIG. 5 and shows the inner sides 50 and 54 of the rectangular body 46 positioned relative to the assembled outer sides 78 and 86. The assembled side, end and corner pieces are also such that the second hollowed interior of the base shell is accessible from an open perimeter extending around the bottom of the base and which is defined by the outwardly facing surfaces of the inner layer sides and the inwardly facing surfaces of the spaced apart outer sides which are securable attached at their upper ends to the associated undersides of the outwardly projecting ledge.
An additional unique feature of the burial container assembly of the present invention has to do with the negative impressions which are formed at key locations along the lid 12 and base 14 and which, upon completed construction and burial of the container assembly, contribute to fixed and immovable location of the container assembly within the surrounding earth by increasing the surface area of contact presented by the lid and base. Also, as will be subsequently discussed, the projections in the interior of the lid and base which correspond to the impressions along the exterior surface also contribute to gripping and location of the foamable filler material. Specifically, pluralities of negative impressions are established within the four corner pieces and serve to assist in immovably locating the burial container and allowing loading by the surrounding earth to provide additional ballast to the casket/vault assembly. The four corner pieces are identically configured and, referring to the corner piece 90 illustrated in FIG. 8, a first series of recess channel impressions 126 are formed in vertically extending and spaced apart curvilinear fashion along the corner piece 90. Additional series of upper 128 and lower 130 recess channel impressions are also formed in substantially horizontally extending fashion and proximate to upper and lower ends of the corner piece 90.
The upper and lower channel impressions 128 and 130 extend along the perpendicular facing outer surfaces of the angled sides 100 and 102 and, in combination with the vertically extending recess channel impressions 126, significantly contribute to the effective overall surface area of the corner piece 90 which contacts the surrounding earth after burial. The corresponding vertical extending negative impressions and upper and lower recess channel impressions formed within the identically configured remaining three corner pieces are likewise evident throughout the illustrations and are therefore not shown for ease of illustration. Referring still to FIG. 8, additional negative impressions are provided in the form of interconnected vertically 132 and horizontally 134 extending recess channels which are provided along the outer face of the first assembleable side piece 78 in proximity to its outer perimeter. As is again well illustrated throughout the drawings, additional vertical and horizontal extending recess channels are formed around the outwardly facing sides of all the side and end pieces and, in combination with the negative impressions in the corner pieces, significantly increase the available interengaging exterior surface area of the burial container for fixedly positioning the assembled container in a level manner within the ground.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, the further assembly steps of filling the first and second hollowed shells of the lid and base with a foamable filler material will now be described. With reference first to FIG. 9, the lid 12 is illustrated in cutaway with the planar top portion 16 removed and the first shell interior exposed. An application nozzle or gun of conventional design, illustrated at 136, is provided and communicates a foamable, preferably plasticized, composition 138 within the open interior defined by the first shell. The foamable composition 138 is such that it is relatively light in weight, yet adds significant load and weight bearing capability to the burial container assembly in use. The foamable composition is further preferably impregnated with a granular or aggregate additive 140, which can be selected from a group including a sand, gravel or other flux type particulate which is mixed within the foamable composition 138 and which adds a selected degree of desired and added weight to the composition and facilitates bonding with the inwardly facing surfaces of the first shell.
Referring again to FIG. 7, an enlarged portion is illustrated in cutaway of the boundary connection between a selected location of the lid 12, specifically a portion of the outer layer 34 at the location of the downwardly extending side portion 26, and the foamable filler composition 138 and impregnated particulate aggregate 140. A glue adhesive sheet 142 is illustrated which is applied to the inwardly facing surface of the outer layer 34 and, in operation during filling of the foamable material and aggregate, assists in the even spreading and adhesion of the filler material throughout the interior of the shell formed within the lid. Additional sheets of glue adhesive material are also applied throughout the inwardly and outwardly facing surfaces of the outer and inner layers of both the lid and the base for the purpose of assisting in even and complete filling of the foamable material and further assist in preventing the foamable material from settling within the shell interiors during drying and hardening.
Referring again to FIG. 9, it is envisioned that the top 16 of the lid may either be reattached after completed filling of the foamable material 138 within the first hollowed interior by means such as additional adhesive strips or glue (not shown). Alternatively, the top 16 may be intentionally left open for the purpose of intentionally permitting the surrounding earth to contact the foamable filled material and aggregate at the upper face of the lid 12 and in this instance can actually improve fixed and static location of the burial container by introducing a leveling aspect of the surrounding earth pressing down against the open top of the lid which complements those established by the alternating projections 42 and 44 of the top and further by the negative impressions formed in the sides and corners of the base to assist in retaining the burial container in a level and immovable manner within the ground. The configuration of the top of the lid is of a substantial "pan" shape and, in effect, causes the earth above the assembly to function also as ballast to assist in immobilizing the assembly.
Referring now to FIG. 10, the assembled base 14 is illustrated in an inverted position in which the open perimeter surrounding the bottom is easily accessible and a pair of nozzle portions 136' and 136" are arrayed for filling the second hollowed interior with an additional volume of foamable filled material 138 and impregnated aggregate 140. As was previously explained with the first hollowed interior of the lid, the filler material is applied until the second open shell defined by the second hollowed interior is completely filled to the edge of the inverted bottom. In this manner, additional upwardly engaging forces applied by the surrounding earth underneath the base will provide biasing against the underside of the base and will effectively counteract those applied from the sides and above the burial container assembly to statically immobilize the assembly within the ground, even in the instance of ever shifting earth which for other assemblies would cause both tilting and compromise of the sealing integrity of the containers.
Referring again to FIG. 10, in combination with FIGS. 11 and 12, a series of vertically extending water ballast tubes are located within the open surrounding bottom perimeter of the base and extend within the second hollowed interior. Specifically, the ballast tubes are identified at 142, 144, 146 and 148 and are each proximately located at a respective corner of the rectangular shaped hollowed interior as best illustrated in the underside view of FIG. 11. As is further best illustrated in the enlarged fractional view of FIG. 12, the selected ballast tube 142 includes an enlarged and hollowed end 150 which is proximate the bottom facing surface of the base and within which is located a reduced diameter recessed inner portion 152 and a foot valve. The purpose of the ballast tubes is to facilitate one-way inflow of water through the foot valves, the volumes of ballast at the four edges contributing to the immovable support of the assembly. In this manner, the burial container may be additionally securably anchored over time by taking advantage of the present ground water surrounding the assembly.
Referring to FIG. 13, an operative end view of the assembled burial container assembly 10 being lowered into a burial excavation 160 is illustrated and includes a cable 162 supported at upper end by a pulley or block and tackle 164 which extends to engage the sides of the base. The corner pieces of the assembled outer layer of the base are constructed so that they provide an additional retaining ledge for permitting the assembled container to be hoisted by such a rope or cable extending from a crane (not shown). The corner pieces 80 and 84 are illustrated in the end view of FIG. 13 and the corner piece 80 includes a retaining ledge 166 formed at a location between the negative impressions 126 and 128 as previously described in corresponding corner piece 90 and the corner piece 84 likewise includes an identically configured retaining ledge 168. The construction of the corner pieces is therefore such that they not only greatly increase the opposing surface area of the burial container base but that they also facilitate easy transference of the assembled container. The corner pieces are further configured so that the lifting notches are substantially hidden and so that the assembly presents an overall very aesthetically pleasing visualization.
Referring finally to FIG. 14, a fully assembled and installed view of the burial container assembly 10 is shown buried within the ground and completely surrounded by earth 172. The combination of features previously described are such that the lid and base are constructed of much lighter plasticized and non-corrosive material composition and, upon filling of the foamable filler material within the hollowed interiors of the lid and base and installation of the opposing perimeter edges of the lid and base, will provide greatly increased load bearing and resisting forces within the ground as opposed to much heavier concrete burial vaults which also provide less in the way of water sealing integrity. The construction of the burial container assembly of the present invention is further such that water, which invariably collects around the container within the ground, will not permeate the seal formed between the lid and base and further that the construction of the lid and base will prevent the occurrence of cracks or fractures.
A method of assembling a burial container assembly according to the description previously given is also provided and includes such steps assembling the shell construction of the base, filling both the hollowed interior shells of the lid and base with the foamable filler material, and adhesively securing the opposingly facing perimeter edges of the lid and base together.
Having described my invention, additional operative embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains without deviating from the scope of the appended claims.
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|Nov 9, 2009
|May 12, 2011
|Batesville Services, Inc.
|Casket vault
|May 28, 2013
|Apr 3, 2014
|Kim Kotila
|Combination casket and burial vault
|U.S. Classification
|27/35, 52/142, 27/10, 52/141, 27/3
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 28, 1997
Owner name: GREENWOOD PLASTICS COMPANY, ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DARBY, JAMES W.;WALTHALL, JAMES;REEL/FRAME:008668/0530;SIGNING DATES FROM 19970616 TO 19970617
|Nov 24, 1997
Owner name: GREENWOOD, INC., D/B/A GREENWOOD PLASTICS COMPANY,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GREENWOOD PLASTICS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:008821/0497
Effective date: 19971113
|Feb 21, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 3, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 22, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Interestingly, a new twist on an alternative revenue generator has emerged: the democratized digital tip jar. Sites like Wikipedia have employed an online tip jar for years in the form of regular requests for donations from its users via PayPal, credit/debit cards, and other payment methods. But now a major player in the digital donations space-Flattr-is partnering with AdBlock Plus to offer Flattr Plus, a browser extension/app that enables users to remove online ads from sites they visit while also contributing a monthly payment in an amount they choose that will be distributed proportionally to publishers of the sites they surf.
Aug 21, 2007
NoveList has announced an arrangement with Nancy Pearl to offer Pearl's Picks to its suite of readers' advisory and library solutions. Pearl's Picks is a compilation of suggested reading and annotations from Nancy Pearl, and is delivered to libraries every month. Pearl's Picks includes a mix of titles that are readily available through major book-buying channels, and titles that are most likely already in library collections. The service allows libraries to tout new books as well as remind patrons of worthwhile books already on their shelves. Libraries receive a list of titles to be included in the monthly Pearl's Picks 30-days in advance, so they can obtain any titles that might be missing.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For those who have a some pepto bismal, WIN was an earning miss last night. Win is Windstream. It dropped to $9.42 and had I been watching it then I would have been buying more calls than I did. AT present, I picked up the Nov. 8's for $2.10 to $2.15. It started out today at $10.79. While you can debate how horrible it all is, the company has been paying a divdiend of $.25 per quarter for a very long time, so at $1.00 in annual dividends, the yield is 10%. It is a yield stock, but at this level of dividend, you will get a pop before next ex., which will be on or about 6/27. With the earnings, the announced the dividend yesterday of $.25 per quarter. This is a two year low. I have lost money on this before, but I have never bought at a yield of 10%. I will acculumlate more, but want to a little for due diligence on the cash flow. As far as I can tell, they generate cash flow about $.44, net of the dividend. The dividend was declared with the earnings. It is highly levered and cash balances are dropping, but like all teleocm models, the capex is always a factor in customer acquisition. STtill, a dividend of $1.00 on a price of $10.00, get me easily to $11. AT $11, I make a return of 42%. The high last quartter before ex was $12.17. I am going to watch it now, but will add some short puts, likely Jan. ITM, so I have synthetic long. I would just prefer for the market to be worse than it is today to put this trade on, but $9.42 didn't last long. Thank you CNBC.
Hey Ben,
Any guidance on the Telecoms? I have a few more Nov8 Calls on Win. 9.00 is my out...getting close...
Shed almost all of Win. Bad environment, bad management(Why did they need all of the extra management positions they are now shedding so freely?)
Sorry Ben, I see no light at the end of the Telecom tunnel, esp in a general Bear market.
Hope to make it back on my Shorts on the SPY and Longs on MTGE.
Good luck...
On the flip side, though, I exited the FTR calls today on a GTC order at a 25% profit, so Ben gets a gold star on that one from me!
Thanks Ben,
You're still in MTGE Doc?
So am I. What a disappointment compared to AGNC...
The only nice thing about staying with these telecom stocks is they are holding ground after having the crap kicked out of them for one week. So, I actually am beginning to feel comfortable with CTL, FTR and WIN after seeing them hold ground, and less comfortable with anything with profits, including AGNC.
By Bloomberg Data
May. 16 (Bloomberg) -- Windstream Corp (WIN US) was raised to "Buy" from
"Hold" at Stifel Nicolaus by equity analyst Christopher King. The 12-month
target price is $11.00 per share.
FWIW - The ex date for WIN is 6/27.
There will be more investors exiting today. Ftr is definitively the more speculative play, no question. I have little exposure. Would I short ftr here? Well everyone else has already with a huge short position. Maybe, maybe you see 3.00. I wouldn't short win with your money. Best advice is to read the earnings releases for ctl, win and ftr to learn why they are appealing at these levels. Win and ftr gudred lower, but both declared dividends and stated they can be continued. Right before the last week before ex div, let's just see. Worth a small bet, but no averaging down. Both are oversold, and ftr constitutes a short squeeze. Will it happen? I don't know, I just paced a small bet. I like giving things more than one or two days, but you should close out.
I wish us well Ben. Pretty incredible volume with selling winning out over buying. A lot of folks hit the exit door today. Should be interesting going forward. I am not averaging down. I was thinking of shorting the shares today. What would Jessie do?....;-)
Protect yourself doc, good idea, but I have a bit more comfort with these. I said from the start that these are not easy trades, but this is telecom. Disagree that there are no buyers though, as we are three weeks out from ex and the volumes are heavy. For anyone who can't afford to lose get out of this, if you see another fall. However, I kind of feel that today was not a good day for exiting the trade, but continual down days aren't great for confidence in a something new. We all know the risks, best to take a modest position, which I have done. I will stay with these awhile longer.
Sorry Ben,
I exited FTR and 1/3 my WIN today. I felt over exposed based upon my gut and outlook for the general market. As you know, these telecoms follow the general market pretty closely.
So if I truly believe my S$$t, re the demise of the market in general, I ask myself what the H^^lL am I doing going long these stocks. Stupid. Not you, me. There was an oversold position on WIN, so I am still with you. I am out at 9.00, as I see no buyers for WIN. No buyers mean no increase in PPS.
These stocks remind me of NLY. Old and stagnant, with no future. I'm plowing my money into winners, AGNC, MTGE and PSEC. Focus and make money. Get distracted and lose.
Love you Ben, but I have bad vibes on these telecoms. I wish myself wrong. I am out at BE, if it comes. Cussing myself.....;-(
Sorry, posted under wrong thread, and now I can't post on the other....;-)


text:
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University of Texas Arlington
UT Arlington Viola Ensemble, Dallas Symphony violists to perform unique recital
Tuesday, March 25, 2008
Media Contact: Sue Stevens
ARLINGTON - Bratsche con Brio, the Viola Ensemble of The University of Texas at Arlington will present a recital at 7:30 p.m. Monday, March 31, in Irons Recital Hall, Fine Arts Building, 700 Greek Row Drive on The University of Texas at Arlington campus.
The recital features students from the studio of viola professor Catherine Forbes and alumni of the viola performance program.
The program will include "Sextet" by UT Arlington Associate Professor George Chave and the premier of "Quartet for Four Violas and Percussion" by prize-winning composer Andrew Pierce, UT Arlington alumni. The ensemble will also perform the romantic "Fantasy Quartet" by York Bowen. Guest artists Tom Demer and David Sywak of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra will make a special appearance, performing sizzling arrangements of Kiss and Lynyrd Skynyrd.
The program is free and open to the public. Call (817) 272-3471 for more information.
The University of Texas at Arlington is an Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action employer.
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occupational therapist jobs near Seaford, DE
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Organize and facilitate treatment groups in consultation with the Occupational Therapist. Provide instruction, guidance, and treatment to patients under...
Mobile Crisis Team Therapist, Relocate to Klamath Falls, Oregon
Klamath Basin Behavioral Health - United States
Master's Level Therapist:. Mobile Crisis Team Therapist*. KBBH has an immediate opening for Master's level therapist to be part of our Crisis Team....
Seeking a pediatric Occupational Therapist near Denton, MD
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We are seeking an Occupational Therapist to provide services for early intervention students near Denton, Maryland....
Speech-Language Pathologist - Throughout DE State
Sunny Days Early Childhood Developmental Services - Delaware
We provide a full range of services, including Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy. Speech Language Pathology, Speech Language Pathologist...
Physical Therapist - DE State
Sunny Days Early Childhood Developmental Services - Delaware
A Current Delaware Physical Therapist License. Physical Therapist, physical therapy, Therapist, homecare, home care, healthcare, health care, home health,...
Occupational Therapist - Throughout DE State
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A Current Delaware Occupational Therapist License. OT, O.T., Occupational Therapist, Therapist, home care, healthcare, health care, home health, therapy,...
Occupational Therapist – Home Health - $5,000 sign on bonus
LHC Group - Salisbury, MD
Must be a graduate of an American Occupational Therapy Association approved occupational therapy program. Must have a current license to practice occupational...
Occupational Therapist Pediatrics Gym Center relocate to Brooklyn, NY
Balancing Act Occupational Therapy - United States
Occupational Therapist Pediatric Gym Center in Brooklyn is seeking an experienced practitioner as well as new graduates interested in mentorship with senior...
Physician - Physical Medicine & Rehab
The Delta Companies - Delaware
Collaborating with occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, audiologists and social workers. Additional responsibilities of the Physical Therapist...
Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant / COTA
Central Therapy - A Therapist Owned Company - Millsboro, DE
Leverage your skills, knowledge and experience as an occupational therapy assistant. Central Therapy is owned by therapists and staffs nationwide for local...


text:
Literature News
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Essential Guide To Warfare
Author's Cut #7: The Grand Army Of The Republic
Posted by
April 8, 2014
at 06:24 PM CST |
Jason Fry and Paul Urquhart have posted
the seventh blog post
in their ongoing series detailing the material from their book,
Star Wars: The Essential Guide to Warfare
, that ended up getting cut before the book was published.
In this installment, Jason Fry presents several pieces of writing that center on the clone army. There's an overview of cloning technology that compares the Kaminoans to the Arkanians and other cloning societies; a "memo from Kamino" written by a geneticist; and a description of the Republic's "assembly line" battlefield medicine operations.
Check out the seventh
Essential Guide to Warfare
"author's cut" article
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February 11, 2014
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January 8, 2014
Essential Guide To Warfare
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Lafayette Restaurants
Get Grilling for the 4th
4 Burgers & 4 Gourmet Franks +
$4.99 Shipping on $59 or more!
1. China KingMenu
124 1st St NWLafayette, AL 36862
2. Express Chicken & Fish
309 2nd Ave SWLafayette, AL 36862
3. Monte Alban
1310 Al Highway 77Lafayette, AL 36862
4. Newt's Fried Chicken
301 9th Ave SWLafayette, AL 36862
5. China King
325 9th Ave SWLafayette, AL 36862
6. Krispy Krunchy Chicken
13090 Veterans Memorial PkwyLafayette, AL 36862
From Business: Krispy Krunchy Foods offers a quick-serve restaurant concept with more than 1700 retail locations in 35 states. Established in 1989 in Lafayette, LA, we have over 7…
7. Dari-Dee
204 S Lafayette StLafayette, AL 36862
8. Subway LafayetteMenu
903 S Lafayette StLafayette, AL 36862
From Business: Founded in 1965, the SUBWAY restaurant chain is one of the world's largest submarine sandwich franchises, with more than 30,000 locations in over 85 countries. The …
9. Jack's Family RestaurantsMenu
303 9th Ave SWLafayette, AL 36862
10. Penton GrillMenu
5101 County Road 114Lafayette, AL 36862
11. Olive Garden Italian Restaurant
cherished this business all of the twenty years living in Florida. Both Red Lobster and Olive Garden were outstanding facilities to dine.
12. Red Lobster
Pretty nice place. Not bad at all. Staff were nice and very helpful when it came to changing my food. Food was ok too.
13. China MoonMenu
I lived here for years and have always come back to the same place just can't find a great place with such flavor and freshness thanks china moon. P…
14. Milano's
The food was awesome and the service was great.
15. Sunny's Home Cooking
7380 Fairfax BypValley, AL 36854
16. Johnny Brusco's New York Style PizzaMenu
712 3rd AveWest Point, GA 31833
17. Merl's Diner
Very nice and affordable .
18. Chiz Restaurant
5495 County Road 388Cusseta, AL 36852
19. Railroads
709 3rd AveWest Point, GA 31833
20. Rogers Pit-Cooked Bar-B-Que
Growing up whenever I passed this restaurant, I always seen smoke. Meaning you knew they were bbq. know when I pass by I don't see know smoke. Don't…
21. Sarajay's
401 N Gilmer AveLanett, AL 36863
22. Korean BBQ House
303 E 10th StWest Point, GA 31833
23. Chick Delite
Wonderful chicken and home style cooking. I like their steak fries. Breakfast is good too.
24. Dirt Road Barbeque
7151 County Road 388Cusseta, AL 36852
25. Zaxby'sMenu
507 Fob James DrValley, AL 36854
From Business: An alternative to fast food, Zaxby's offers prepared-at-order Chicken Fingers, Traditional or Boneless Wings, Salads, Sandwiches, Appetizers, Milkshakes and a varie…
26. J K House Inc Korean
3701 20th AveValley, AL 36854
27. Chuck's Bar-B-Q
Chuck's positively has the Best Ribs in the Chattahoochee Valley. I found Chuck's four years ago when, as I was driving up US 29, the aroma of hick…
28. Bailey's BBQ
4005 20th AveValley, AL 36854
29. K Town Wings
906 Avenue EWest Point, GA 31833
30. Zen House Chinese Restaurant
The best foodi ever eaten


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1995
|Filing date
|May 4, 1993
|Priority date
|May 8, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Haruo Asai, Mitsuru Kuwahara, Nobukazu Kotera
|Original Assignee
|Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (14), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a polyester resin composition for an image recording medium usable for forming images on film, paper, metal, glass, cloth, and the like.
The image recording in the instant specification mainly refers to color hard copy recordings such as sublimation transfer, melt transfer, ink-jet printing and electrophotography, and in consideration of dispersibility with dye or pigment, dyeing properties, affinity, etc., polyesters have been used for these image recordings irrespective of recording method. For example, as a dyeable resin for dye-receiving layer of sublimation transfer image receiving paper, there are conventionally known saturated polyesters, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,859, and Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication Nos. 64899/1985, 258790/1986 and 105689/1987.
When a saturated polyester soluble in organic solvents is used for forming images by sublimation transfer, melt transfer, ink-jet printing or electrophotography, it is possible to obtain high quality images superior in color density, gradation, color reproduction and sharpness, whereas when seen in terms of preservation stability of images against contamination by fingerprints, fats and oils represented by various cosmetics, and plasticizer components in eraser and vinyl chloride sheet, the polyester affected by these components leads to insufficient durability of the images obtained, and particularly, a long-term preservation gives rise to problems of color change, turbulence of images, and the like, failing to meet the requirements with respect to the properties of images.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water-dispersible polyester composition superior in resistance to organic solvents, fats and oils, fingerprints, and plasticizers which can cause turbulences of images formed using sublimable dyes, pigment inks, dye inks, dye toners, pigment toners, or the like.
The inventors have conducted intensive studies of water-dispersible polyester resins with the aim of achieving the aforementioned object of the present invention, and found that a water-dispersible polyester composition having the following construction is superior in preservation stability of images, which resulted in the completion of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a water-dispersible polyester composition for an image recording medium, comprising (1) a polyester having a glass transition temperature of not less than 40° C., a specific gravity of resin of not less than 1.25, a value of solubility parameter (SP) of 9.5-12.0, and at least one kind of hydrophilic polar group, and which is insoluble in methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and a mixed solvent thereof, wherein 65% by mole or more of a glycol component constituting the polyester is ethylene glycol, in a proportion of 5-50% by weight, (2) an organic compound compatible with water in a proportion of 0-20% by weight, and (3) water in a proportion of 30-95% by weight all percentages by weight being based upon the total weight of said composition containing components (1), (2) and (3).
A carboxylic acid component of the polyester (1) to be used in the present invention is exemplified by an aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalic acid and 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindene-4',5-dicarboxylic acid, and examples of usable dicarboxylic acids besides the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include aromatic oxycarboxylic acids such as p-(hydroxyethoxy)benzoic acid, saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebasic acid and dodecanedicarboxylic acid, unsaturated aliphatic or allcyclic dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and tri- or tetracarboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid can be also used in a proportion of not more than 10% by mole based on the entire acid component.
As the at least one kind of hydrophilic polar group, exemplified are metal salt of sulfonic acid, metal salt of carboxylic acid, metal salt of phosphonic acid, tertiary amine salt, quaternary amine salt and compound containing pyridine ring. Examples of the metal include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium and alkaline earth metals such as calcium. Examples of the metal salt of sulfonic acid include sulfopolycarboxylates such as 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate, 5-potassium sulfoisophthalate, sodium sulfoterephthalate, 5-tetrabutylphosphonium sulfoisophthalate and sodium sulfosuccinate, and their derivatives; sodium sulfohydroquinone and its addition product with alkylene oxide; sodium sulfobisphenol A and its addition product with alkylene oxide; addition product of 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate with ethylene oxide; and condensation product of sodium sulfosuccinate and ethylene glycol. Examples of the tertiary amine and the quaternary amine include nitrogen-containing alcohols such as N-methyldiethanolamine and 2-methyl-2-dimethylaminomethyl-1,3-propanediol and their hydrochlorides, sulfonates, sulfates and derivatives. Examples of the compound having pyridine ring include pyridine, dipicolinic acid, dihydroxypyridine, pyridinedimethanol, pyridinepropanediol and diaminopyridine, and their derivatives.
Examples of the metal salt of phosphonic acid include groups of the formulas ##STR1## wherein M is a hydrogen or an alkali metal, and the groups are produced by reacting the compounds of the formulas ##STR2##
When the polyester has no hydrophilic polar group, the dispersibility of the polyester in water becomes extremely poor. In the present invention, the polyester preferably contains a hydrophilic polar group in a proportion of 1-10% by mole based on the entire acid component.
Not less than 65% by mole of the glycol component of the polyester to be used in the present invention is ethylene glycol. Examples of the glycol component other than ethylene glycol, which is to be used in a proportion of less than 35% by mole of the entire glycol component include polyethylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, tricyclodecanedimethylol, addition product of bisphenol A with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, addition product of hydrogenated bisphenol A with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, and 2-n-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3propanediol, with preference given to neopentyl glycol, diethyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, tricyclodecane dimethylol, and addition product of bisphenol A with ethylene oxide.
The polyester to be used in the present invention essentially comprises ethylene glycol in a proportion of not less than 65% by mole, preferably not less than 70% by mole relative to the entire glycol component. Where ethylene glycol is comprised in a proportion of less than 65% by mole, the polyester is easily affected by organic solvent, plasticizer and/or fats and oils, with the result that resistance to plasticizer, resistance to fingerprint, and resistance to fats and oils of the images obtained become poor.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyester is not less than 40° C., preferably 40°-70° C. When Tg is less than 40° C., heat resistance and blocking resistance of the images obtained become markedly inferior to the effect that bleeding and color change of images occur even at room temperature, thus adversely affecting the storability of the hard copy obtained.
The SP value of the polyester is 9.5-12.0, preferably 9.8-12.0. When the SP value is less than 9.5, affinity for organic solvent having a high affinity for plasticizer is enhanced to degrade durability and resistance to organic solvent, of the images obtained. On the other hand, when the SP value exceeds 12.0, affinity for water and alcohol is enhanced so that water resistance and resistance to contamination by factors besides plasticizer, such as cosmetics, become vastly low.
The specific gravity of the polyester is essentially not less than 1.25, preferably not less than 1.29. Where it is less than 1.25, preservation of the recorded images become difficult. By specifying the specific gravity of the polyester, the ratio of ethylene glycol to the entire glycol component in the polyester can be easily controlled.
That the polyester is insoluble in methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, and a mixed solvent thereof means that the polyester is not dissolved under the conditions employed for evaluating resistance to organic solvent, which are to be mentioned later. It is essential that the polyester itself or a hard copy obtained using the polyester does not completely dissolve in the organic solvents under the conditions specified in the experiment below. The insolubility in organic solvents as mentioned above is the property necessary for affording resistance to the contamination of images.
The number average molecular weight of the polyester is preferably 2000-50000.
The organic compound (2) to be used in the present invention which is compatible with water is capable of dissolving the polyester, and is exemplified by monovalent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, glycol derivatives such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, n-butyl cellosolve, t-butyl cellosolve and 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, ethers such as dioxane, esters such as ethyl acetate, and ketones such as cyclohexanone, cyclooctanone, cyclodecanone and isophorone. Particularly preferred are n-butyl cellosolve, t-butyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve and isopropanol. These organic compounds compatible with water may be used alone or in combination. The boiling point of these compounds (2) is preferably in the range of from 60° C. to 200° C. When the boiling point does not reach 60° C., it is difficult to keep the temperature necessary for dissolving the polyester in said organic compound. On the other hand, the boiling point exceeding 200° C. results in inferior quick-dryability in that coating of an aqueous dispersion obtained and drying same require a long time.
The proportion of (1) a polyester, (2) an organic compound compatible with water, and (3) water is material for retaining the properties of the water-dispersible polyester composition of the present invention at a desired level.
Where the polyester (1) is comprised in the water-dispersible polyester composition in a proportion of less than 5% by weight or more than 50% by weight, the viscosity of the composition obtained becomes undesirably too low or too high. The organic compound (2) compatible with water is contained in the water-dispersible polyester composition, and can be used as a dispersing agent to aid the polyester to disperse in water, in a proportion of not more than 20% by weight based on the composition, above which proportion the dryability upon application of the composition becomes undesirably inferior.
In the present invention, the water-dispersible polyester can be mixed or reacted with other resins. The resins which may be mixed are exemplified by polyvinyl resins, polycarbonate resins, polyacrylic resins, polymethacrylic resins, polyolefin resins, cellulose derivative resins, polyether resins, polyester resins other than the polyester (1), epoxy resins and polyurethane resins.
The water-dispersible polyester to be used in the invention may be mixed with a thermosetting resin so as to improve durability of images with the help of the resin thermoset or crosslinked. Examples of the thermosetting resin concurrently used with crosslinking agent include silicone resin, melamine resin, phenol-formaldehide resin, epoxy resin and isocyanate resin. As a method for crosslinking, ionic crosslinking, radiation crosslinking, or the like is exemplified.
For improving releasability, various lubricants may be added to the composition of the invention. Such lubricants include, for example, fluororesin, silicon resin, and surfactants such as organic sulfonic acid salt, organic phosphoric acid salt and organic carboxylic acid salt.
Also, the composition of the invention may include additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, etc. for improving light resistance of the recorded images.
The substrate for the image-recording medium is subject to no particular limitation, and is exemplified by paper, synthetic paper, various films, various sheets, metal or glass.
The present invention is hereinbelow detailedly explained by illustrating production examples and examples wherein "part" means "part by weight" and "%" means "% by weight" unless otherwise specified.
The number average molecular weight of the polyester produced was measured by GPC, the composition of polyester was determined by 1 H-NMR, and the glass transition temperature was measured by DSC, the results of which are shown in Table 1.
The specific gravity, SP value, heat resistance, resistance to plasticizer, resistance to fingerprint and resistance to organic solvent were measured or calculated by the following methods, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Production example of polyester
Dimethyl terephthalate (233 parts), dimethyl isophthalate (233 parts), 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate (30 parts) ethylene glycol (256 parts), diethylene glycol (146 parts), and tetrabutoxytitanate (0.5 part) were charged in an autoclave equipped with a thermometer and a stirrer, and the mixture was heated at 150°-220° C. for 4 hours for transesterification, after which the temperature of the reaction system was elevated to 250° C. in 10 minutes. The pressure of the system was gradually reduced to 0.3 mmHg or less in 25 minutes, and the mixture was allowed to react under these conditions for 1 hour to give a pale-yellow, transparent polyester A. The number average molecular weight of the polyester A obtained was 20,000. In the same manner, polyesters B-E were obtained, the details of which are shown in Table 1.
The properties of the polyester and the polyester composition were determined as follows.
(1) Specific gravity
The specific gravity of the polyesters obtained were determined by sink-float method using an aqueous solution of calcium chloride (30° C.).
(2) SP value
The SP values of the polyesters obtained were calculated by the method of Small et al.
(3) Heat resistance (percent color fading in a dark place)
An image receiving material prepared using the polyester composition to be obtained in Example 1 below, to which a cyan dye had been transferred was left standing in a dark place at 60° C. for 200 hours for aging, and the dye density before and after the heat resistance test was compared, which is shown as percent dye density retention.
(4) Resistance to plasticizer
An 80 μm-thick vinyl chloride film (1 cm2) was adhered onto an image receiving material to which a cyan dye had been transferred, and a 5 g load was applied on the vinyl chloride film. The film was left standing at 40° C. for 24 hours for aging, and decoloring of the cyan dye and trace of the film were observed. They were evaluated according to the following criteria.
◯: showed no trace of film on the surface of image receiving material nor decoloring
Δ: showed no color change but showed trace of film
X: showed color change and trace of film
(5) Resistance to fingerprint
Thumb was pressed hard against the surface of an image receiving material to which a cyan dye had been transferred, to leave the fingerprint on the surface of the images. The material was left standing at 40° C. for 48 hours for aging, and agglomeration of the cyan dye, decoloring and trace of the fingerprint were examined and evaluated as follows.
◯: showed no trace of fingerprint on the surface of image receiving material nor color change
Δ: showed no color change but showed trace of fingerprint
X: showed agglomeration of the dye on the surface of images
(6) Resistance to organic solvent
The polyester obtained was added to a solvent of methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, or a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone: toluene=50:50 (by weight) such that the concentration of solids was 15%, and the mixture was left standing at room temperature for 48 hours. The solubility of the polyester was visually observed, and evaluated as follows.
◯: system which retained polyester without complete dissolution
X: the rest
Polyester A (30 parts) and n-butyl cellosolve (15 parts) were charged in a container, and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for about 3 hoursto give a homogeneous, viscous and molten solution. Water (55 parts) was added thereto while vigorously stirring the solution, and about 1 hour later, a homogeneous, pale-yellow-white water-dispersible polyester composition A-1 was obtained.
The water-dispersible polyester A-1 for image receiving layer was diluted with a mixed solution of isopropanol: water=60:40 (by weight), and appliedon a 150 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate synthetic paper with a bar coater such that the thickness of the dried film became 7-10 μm. The dispersion contained a silicone-modified oil in a proportion of 8% by weight based on the resin component. Drying was conducted at 100° C. for 20 minutes. The adhesion of the film was extremely fine, and the film developed no whitening when immersed in water, indicating superior water resistance.
Polyester B (30 parts) and water (70 parts) were charged in a container, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for about 3 hours to give a homogeneous, white water-dispersible polyester composition B. In the same manner as in Example 1, a dye-receiving layer was formed and used as a specimen of Example 2.
Using polyesters C-E, dye-receiving layers were formed by a method similar to that in Example 1, and used as specimens of Examples 3-5.
Using polyester F, a dye-receiving layer was formed by a method similar to that in Example 1, and used as a specimen of Comparative Example 1.
Using polyesters G-I, dye-receiving layers were formed by a method similar to that in Example 1, and used as specimens of Comparative Examples 2-4.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Acid GlycolPoly- (molar ratio) (molar ratio) Tgester TPA IPA CHDA *1 TCD EG DEG NPG PG (°C.) Mn__________________________________________________________________________A 48 48 4 75 25 60 20000B 46 46 8 80 20 60 20000C 48 50 2 65 35 64 21000D 80 14 6 80 10 10 65 20000E 48 48 4 20 80 70 18000F 48 48 4 50 50 30 20000G 43 43 10 4 90 10 75 21000H 25 21 50 4 80 20 15 22000I 50 48 2 50 50 65 18000__________________________________________________________________________In Table 1, each abbreviation stands for the following:TPA: terephthalic acidIPA: isophthalic acidCHDA: cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid*1: 5sodium sulfoisophthalateTCD: tricyclodecanedimethylolEG: ethylene glycolNPG: neopentyl glycolDEG: diethylene glycolPG: propylene glycol
TABLE 2______________________________________Speci- Resis- Resis-fic SP Heat tance to tance to Solventgra- val- resis- plasti- finger- resistancevity ue tance cizer print M T M/T______________________________________Ex. 1 1.35 10.7 95% ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘Ex. 2 1.37 10.7 95% ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘Ex. 3 1.34 10.2 97% ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘Ex. 4 1.36 10.7 98% ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘Ex. 5 1.30 10.1 99% ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘Com. 1.34 10.1 55% Δ Δ x x xEx.1Com. 1.20 9.7 99% x x x x xEx.2Com. 1.24 10.7 40% x x x x xEx.3Com. 1.26 10.0 98% Δ Δ x x xEx.4______________________________________
In Table 2, M stands for methyl ethyl ketone, T stands for toluene, and M/Tstands for a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone/toluene.
When used for an image recording layer of an image recording medium, the water-dispersible polyester composition of the present invention which comprises 65% by mole or more of a glycol component in a polyester having a hydrophilic polar group, and a particular glass transition temperature, specific gravity, SP value and solubility in organic solvent, is conduciveto the durability of the recorded images excellent in heat resistance, resistance to plasticizer, resistance to fingerprint, and solvent resistance.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 18, 1980
|Jul 20, 1982
|Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Polyester resin aqueous dispersion
|Feb 5, 1982
|Oct 2, 1984
|Jujo Paper Co., Ltd.
|Thermal dye-transfer type recording sheet
|Sep 23, 1986
|Sep 22, 1987
|Eastman Kodak Company
|High molecular weight polycarbonate receiving layer used in thermal dye transfer
|Nov 3, 1986
|Apr 26, 1988
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Polymeric mixture for dye-receiving element used in thermal dye transfer
|Apr 28, 1989
|May 22, 1990
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Thermal dye transfer receiving layer of polycarbonate with nonaromatic diol
|Apr 24, 1990
|Apr 9, 1991
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Water-dispersible polyesters imparting improved water resistance properties to inks
|Apr 24, 1990
|Jul 14, 1992
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Aqueous printing inks having improved freeze-thaw properties
|Apr 4, 1985
|Apr 9, 1986
|Toray Industries, Inc.
|Method of treating textiles
|Mar 13, 1992
|Sep 16, 1992
|Kao Corporation
|Process for producing cationic dye-dyeable polyester fiber with high strenght and polyester resin composition used therefor
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 3, 1996
|Sep 9, 1997
|Geo Speciality Chemicals, Inc.
|Dry strength resin compositions
|Aug 25, 1997
|Jan 26, 1999
|China Textile Institute
|Manufacturing method for blocked aqueous dispersion of polyurethanes
|Oct 25, 1996
|Mar 2, 1999
|Kao Corporation
|Aqueous ink
|Aug 28, 1996
|Apr 11, 2000
|Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Polyester resin and sublimation transfer image receiver using same
|Jul 17, 1998
|Jan 9, 2001
|Xerox Corporation
|Coated substrates
|Sep 19, 1997
|Feb 5, 2002
|Avecia Limited
|Aqueous ink compositions
|Jun 23, 2000
|Jun 11, 2002
|Eastman Chemical Company
|Aqueous application of additives to polymeric particles
|Feb 20, 2003
|Aug 16, 2005
|Kyocera Corporation
|Antisolvent-laminate body
|Nov 7, 2003
|Dec 18, 2007
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Ink-receptive coatings, composites and adhesive-containing facestocks and labels
|Sep 20, 2002
|Feb 21, 2012
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Ink jet recording method, recording device, ink/recording medium set, recording matter
|May 29, 2002
|Dec 19, 2002
|Walker Kenneth Raymond
|Method for dispersing a hydrophobic additive in an aqueous media
|Feb 20, 2003
|Sep 11, 2003
|Kyocera Corporation
|Anti-solvent laminate body and manufacturing method thereof
|Nov 7, 2003
|Dec 2, 2004
|Shih Frank Yen-Jer
|Ink-receptive coatings, composites and adhesive-containing facestocks and labels
|Sep 20, 2002
|Nov 6, 2008
|Naoya Morohoshi
|Ink Jet Recording Method, Recording Device, Ink/Recording Medium Set, Recording Matter
|U.S. Classification
|524/389, 524/376, 524/385, 524/604, 347/105, 524/608, 524/601, 524/609
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 19, 1993
Owner name: TOYO BOSEKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ASAI, HARUO;KUWAHARA, MITSURU;KOTERA, NOBUKAZU;REEL/FRAME:006615/0278
Effective date: 19930702
|Jan 30, 1996
|Certificate of correction
|Feb 22, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 6, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 2, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Clayton Kershaw and the Los Angeles Dodgers have reportedly come to terms on a new seven-year, $215 million deal. As Ramona Shelburne of ESPN Los Angeles explains, "It is the richest deal for a pitcher in Major League Baseball history, eclipsing the seven-year, $180 million contract Detroit gave Justin Verlander last winter, and his average annual salary of $30.7 million is the highest ever for any baseball player."
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Steve Katz RSS
AROUND THE JEWISH WORLD Israelis boost Jewish presence at southern tip of United StatesJune 5, 1997 9:00am
KEY WEST, Fla., May 1 (JTA) — Strolling through the bustling streets of this historic town, once home to Ernest Hemingway, the last thing one expects to hear from the shopkeepers is fluent Hebrew. Yet that is the language spoken by the tanned young men and women who own many of the stores around this…
Rabbis, government officials reach accord on burial issueJune 5, 1997 9:00am
JERUSALEM, April 16 (JTA) — Israel's chief rabbis and Ministry of Absorption have agreed on a way to resolve the controversy over burials for some immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Many of the immigrants are not considered Jewish by the Orthodox rabbinate and burial societies. The agreement, which went into effect Wednesday, allows those…
BEHIND THE HEADLINES Gripped by grief, Israel mourns loss of `so many boys'June 5, 1997 9:00am
JERUSALEM, Feb. 5 (JTA) — The parents of Assaf Rothenberg long had the eerie feeling that their son would not return from Lebanon alive. Voicing the day-in-day-out sense of foreboding felt by many parents of soldiers serving in Lebanon, the father of the 20-year-old paratrooper said, "For a few months already, whenever Assaf went into…
Jewish groups grow impatient with Swiss over missing assetsJune 5, 1997 9:00am
JERUSALEM, Jan. 7 (JTA) — Angered by what it termed "remarks bordering on anti-Semitism" by the outgoing president of Switzerland, the World Jewish Restitution Organization has announced a series of retaliatory measures that would include a boycott of Swiss banks. Two top officials of the WJRO held a news conference here Sunday to unveil their…
Israel marks Arab culture monthJune 5, 1997 9:00am
JERUSALEM, May 20 (JTA) — A large book fair and heritage exhibition are two of the events taking place during Arab Culture Month, which kicked off on Sunday. The annual event, sponsored by the Ministry of Education, the Committee of Local Arab Councils and others interested in promoting Israeli Arab culture, is being held at…
Reform asks court to recognize conversions of adopted infantsJune 5, 1997 9:00am
JERUSALEM, May 6 (JTA) — The Reform movement's decision to petition the High Court this week to recognize the Jewishness of two infants who were adopted and converted abroad could further strain Israeli-Diaspora relations, according to a senior aide to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. "In our recent meetings with leaders of the Reform and Conservative…
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text:
Comments about 'Utah basketball: Runnin' Utes advance to meet top seed Arizona'
- Oldest first
- Newest first
- Most recommended
Wow, what a great opportunity for the Utes. They get to go up against one of
the nation's best and most storied programs playing in a real college
conference tournament.
In the meantime, the team from Provo plays against the likes of Portland State or San Francisco in the high-school gym conference. Dang, it must be sad to be a Cougar fan.
- 9:58 p.m. March 12, 2014
- Like (6)
- Report abuse
Very telling, Still. Your team is enjoying its best season in years, just finished a thrilling victory over UW, and all you can think about is BYU.
- 10:34 p.m. March 12, 2014
- Like (7)
- Report abuse
I read the comments without reading the article, not intending to comment but to
see which comments had to do with the ever present BYU obsession by u fans.
Well, at least the first commenter makes my point.
Nice win by the way for utah.
- 7:38 a.m. March 13, 2014
- Like (1)
- Report abuse
Joe Lunardi from ESPN has Utah as one of the first 8 teams currently out.
A win over a top 5 Arizona program would jump us past most of those teams and with a very good chance of dancing.
A win today and we may be in. Two wins and we are for sure in.
But coach K plans on winning 3 in a row and guaranteeing we're in.
The wcc may have 1 team in, the same as uvu's conference in the WAC
The pac 12 and big 12 are projected to be 6-7 each.
Puts the two leagues into proper comparison
Utah 68
Arizona 65
Go UTES
Onward and upward to March madness and Pac 12 glory
- 8:28 a.m. March 13, 2014
- Like (3)
- Report abuse
Two and a barbeque for the Utes.
- 8:40 a.m. March 13, 2014
- Like (2)
- Report abuse
A win today is possible for the Utes, but they have to play better than they did against Washington. Especially down the stretch.
- 8:57 a.m. March 13, 2014
- Like (4)
- Report abuse
First game against Zona, it was the offensive boards that killed us. Second game, it was missed Free Throws. Lots of things have to go right for us to win this game, but we can do it.
- 9:22 a.m. March 13, 2014
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- Report abuse
Will this be on TV and Radio? Please share? thanks.
- 9:43 a.m. March 13, 2014
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A win against arizona would (I think) put them into the tourney. Go Utes, make our state proud (from a coug fan).
- 9:54 a.m. March 13, 2014
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Cinci Man, PAC-12 Networks at 3:00 Eastern. I'd imagine ESPN 700 radio will have audio commentary, you can find it on their website.
- 10:47 a.m. March 13, 2014
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The game is televised on the Pac12 network. If you have Comcast, you can stream it to a computer.
- 11:07 a.m. March 13, 2014
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Got to feel sorry for the utes:
Arizona 94
Utes 58
Way over their heads.
- 11:14 a.m. March 13, 2014
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- Report abuse
from fox sports
Utah: The Utes still have quite a bit of work to do, even after their first-round win over Washington on Wednesday, and a win over top-seeded Arizona Thursday afternoon could be just the victory they need to punch their first ticket to the dance in the Larry Krystkowiak era.
- 11:31 a.m. March 13, 2014
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- Report abuse
If Utah loses by as much as you say I'll never post on a single des news article for the rest of my life
Utah has a very good chance at winning.
And then we'll be dancing.
And guess what? If we get in we could be the team that bounces byu OUT.
- 11:32 a.m. March 13, 2014
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Congrats to the Utes. I love this team and what Coach K is building. He has
made me a fan and I claim the Utes as my second favorite PAC-12 team. I can see
the Utes being a perennial contender beginning next year. Coach K is doing
things right.
I would love to see the Utes make the NCAA's. I believe they are better than Colorado, Stanford, ASU, and even Oregon right now. To do that though, they will have to beat my beloved Wildcats, for which I have been a fan since the early 70's. I know they can do it even though the Cats are much better at this point in time. I am definitely going to be rooting for my Cats, but should they fall I sure hope the Utes can take it the rest of the way. Good Luck!
- 11:41 a.m. March 13, 2014
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@Worf I'm curious as to why Utah who hasn't lost by more than 8 to Arizona is suddenly going to lose by 36. Am I missing something? Or has every player but our walk ons been suspended because that is the only possible way we lose by that score.
- 12:20 p.m. March 13, 2014
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worf - In your dreams.
AZ is favored by 7.5 points. Hardly the 36 point spread you are predicting.
- 12:35 p.m. March 13, 2014
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Good win over UW!!! Good luck against Arizona today!!! Coach K is doing an
incredible job on the hill, keep it up!!! Onward and Upward!!!
Go Cougs!!! Rise Up!!! Dedicate the rest of the season be it NCAA or NIT to KC and make him proud!!!
- 1:09 p.m. March 13, 2014
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blowout city, bye Chris B
- 1:49 p.m. March 13, 2014
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Rough game. I hope they can regroup and make it respectable in the second half.
- 1:55 p.m. March 13, 2014
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
Department 19,
This review is from: Department 19 (Department 19, Book 1) (Paperback)
I wanted something for for my 12 year old grandson to read whilst staying with me. The assistant in the book dept of a well know store recommended Department 19. My grand son loved this book and he read it in two days, he said it was wonderful and that Will Hill was now his best author. I know what to get him for Christimas
Review Details
(79 customer reviews)
�8.99 �8.83
Location: Somerset
Top Reviewer Ranking: 266,863