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Twelve foot tiger shark
Fish & Game News August 5, 2014
An 800-pound tiger shark was caught this weekend by a man from San Antonio fishing just a few miles off the coast of Port Aransas. He never expected to hook the 12-foot tiger shark, and the fight to reel him in wasn't easy. Ryan Spring had gone fishing with... Read more
WARNING GRAPHIC LANGUAGE Trackdays are where regular guys, who have a lot of extra money laying around to tinker with their cars, can take them to a racetrack and let 'em eat, as they say. At a recent such event in Scranton, Pennsylvania a Porsche decided to eat a... Read more
The Courts Advance Concealed Guns
Fish & Game News August 4, 2014
Gun-control advocates are learning the downside of getting their way. Recently, a federal judge struck down the District of Columbia's ban on the carrying of concealed handguns. Anti-gun forces have been losing in legislatures for a long time. Now they are finding that even where they win, they lose.... Read more
Researcher tags great white off Cape Cod
Fish & Game News August 4, 2014
CHATHAM, Mass. (AP) — A shark researcher has attached an electronic tracking device to a great white shark off Chatham. The Cape Cod Times reported it was the first time this year that a great white has been tagged in coastal waters. The Atlantic White Shark Conservancy says Greg... Read more
Otter attacks swimmers in Washington river
Fish & Game News August 4, 2014
SEATTLE (AP) – State and federal wildlife agents are trying to trap the otter that attacked a boy and his grandmother as they were swimming in the Pilchuck River about 30 miles northeast of Seattle. Because it has pounced on people, the otter will likely be killed unless it... Read more
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — The waters around Florida are known as a Mecca for tropical and exotic fish, but there's one sea creature that's no longer welcome along our shores: the invasive lionfish. According to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), the lionfish was first introduced into Florida... Read more
NEWTOWN, Conn –-(Ammoland.com)- In a matter closely watched by NSSF, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) this week reported that firearms retailers are no longer on a watch list of businesses deemed "high risk" after withdrawing the list it had compiled of businesses that could be considered at higher... Read more
DC Defines Pepper Spray as a Firearm
Fish & Game News August 4, 2014
Just when I thought the District of Columbia government couldn't stoop to new lows of incompetence and non-sensical behavior, it does. Apparently, self-defense spray is defined as a firearm in DC and must be registered by its owner with the Metropolitan Police Department. I kid you not! You heard... Read more


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Questionable $110M State Deals Bypassed Reviews (page 12607)
AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — State officials say $110 million in no-bid health contracts that are now the focus of a criminal investigation bypassed two routine oversight boards for deals of that size.
The Austin American-Statesman reported Tuesday that the lucrative contracts with Austin-based 21CT skipped those reviews while avoiding a bidding process. The tech company was hired to help the Texas Health and Human Services Commission root out Medicaid fraud.
A spokeswoman for the state comptroller says it's unclear whether the bypassed reviews violated state law.
Two high-ranking state health officials resigned this month as scrutiny over the contracts intensified. Three others were sent home on paid administrative leave.
Public corruption prosecutors in Austin are preparing to open a case. Health Commissioner Kyle Janek has said he doesn't believe anyone acted illegally.
(© Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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A medicinal substance for topical application is disclosed. The substance comprises a water-soluble glass containing silver or a silver compound. Typically, the glass comprises phosphorus pentoxide and contains silver oxide. The substance may be used for the treatment of wounds, catheter and tubing entry points, stoma sites and body passage entrances where bacterial growth and migration are rife. The glass may be in the form of a powder, granules, woven into a dressing form, a sinter shaped in a particular way or used as filler in polymers for surface release.
1. A medicinal substance capable of retarding bacterial growth at a surface of a body comprising a water-soluble glass comprising phosphorus pentoxide as a glass-forming substance, said glass containing silver orthophosphate and means to maintain the substance in contact with a surface of a body.
2. A medicinal substance according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble glass is in the form of a powder.
3. A medicinal substance according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble glass is in the form of fibres woven into a dressing.
4. A medicinal substance according to claim 1, further comprising a polymer in which the glass is used as a filler for surface release.
5. A medicinal substance according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble glass further comprises sodium oxide and calcium oxide.
6. A medicinal substance, according to claim 1 or claim 5, in which said silver orthophosphate is incorporated in said glass at a glass forming temperature.
7. The method of retarding bacterial growth at the surface of a body, said surface being accessed by a body fluid, said method comprising applying a water-soluble glass to the surface, said glass comprising phosphorus pentoxide as a glass-forming substance, and said glass being impregnated with silver orthophosphate as a source of silver ions and maintaining the glass in contact with the surface, so that a controlled release of an effective amount of silver ions is obtained on dissolution of the glass in said body fluid.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/121,411 filed Sep. 15, 1993, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/688,546 filed Jun. 10, 1991, now abandoned.
This invention relates to an antimicrobial composition for use in topical applications.
The antimicrobial action of silver ions is well known as are pharmaceutical formulations containing silver salts as active principle. Perhaps the best known example of such materials is silver sulphadiazine. However, silver nitrate and silver allantoinate are also used as antimicrobials.
In addition, many wounds, especially burns, are subject to contamination by organisms such as bacteria and fungi. The use of silver as an antiseptic agent in medicine is well-known, and a variety of topical preparations based on silver salts are used in the treatment of such infected wounds eg silver nitrate and silver allantoate. However, problems associated with such compounds include pain on application, staining and skin irritations. Improved substances such as silver sulfadiazine are commonly used, but they must be removed and re-applied frequently to maintain their effect. These compounds themselves can adverse cause reactions in some patients, for example a reduction in the number of leucocytes in the local area available for fighting infection in the wound and this method of treatment also results in regular disturbance of the wound, which causes discomfort to the patient.
The use of glasses which can dissolve in water and body fluid and which are applied internally of the body are well-known. These glasses are formed from phosphorus pentoxide and may be modified to dissolve over a period of minutes, months or even years, as required. To date, such glasses have been used, in medicine, for the controlled release of a number of agents, for example, drugs, hormones and trace elements, but in each case the glass has been applied internally of the body to allow the agent to leach out into the body's circulatory system.
It is known that certain glasses, in which the usual glass former, silicon dioxide, of traditional glasses is replaced with phosphorus pentoxide as the glass former, are soluble in water and body fluids. The rate of dissolution is controlled largely by the addition of glass modifiers such as calcium and magnesium oxide. In simple terms, the greater the concentration of the modifier the slower is the rate of dissolution. The rates of dissolution which can be imparted to the glasses may range from minutes to months or even to several years. It is known to include in such compositions quantities of trace elements such as copper, cobalt and selenium which will be released from the glass as it slowly dissolves over the selected period of time.
The use of water-soluble glasses has been described for a variety of purposes in the literature. For example, UK Patent Specifications numbers 1,565,906, 2,079,152, 2,077,585 and 2,146,531 describe the gradual dissolution of the glasses as providing a means of controlled release of drugs, hormones, fungicides, insecticides, spermicides and other agents with which the glasses have been impregnated. The glasses are used for example in the form of an implant or bolus.
UK Patent Specification number 2,030,559 describes the use of selenium-impregnated water-soluble glass for providing controlled release of the selenium as a trace element into cattle and sheep, the glass being applied as a subcutaneous insert. UK Patent Specification number 2,037,735 also describes a subcutaneous implant of water-soluble glass, and in this case the glass is impregnated with copper; minor quantities of trace elements such as boron, arsenic, iodine, manganese, chromium, silver, gold and gallium may also be included.
Water-soluble glass has also been proposed for use in prosthetics, for example in UK Patent Specification number 2,099,702, and for use in anticorrosive paints, as described in UK Patent Specification number 2,062,612. Further the literature provides for the use of such glasses in the controlled release of ferrous and ferric ions into the human or animal body by ingestion or implantation of the glass (UK Patent Specification number 2,081,703), and for the use of glasses in the controlled release of ions such as lithium, sodium, potassium, caesium, rubidium, polyphosphate, calcium and aluminium to patients by inclusion of the glass in a drip feed line (UK Patent Specification number 2,057,420).
Our International Patent Application No PCT/GB 88/00701 relates to apparatus for antimicrobial use in passage of fluid to or from a living body, the apparatus comprising a conduit for insertion into the body, a reservoir for fluid and a connector member for connecting said conduit to said reservoir external of the body, wherein said connector member includes a water-soluble glass impregnated with elemental silver or a compound of silver, said water-soluble glass defining at least a part of a passageway for fluid to flow between the reservoir and the conduit.
The apparatus preferably contains the impregnated water-soluble glass at a site at which bacteria can be introduced or increased in number, and the bacteriostatic or bactericidal properties of the silver has the effect of containing or reducing the risk of infection in the body. The connector member may comprise a first portion having an end adapted for connection with said conduit and a second portion having an end adapted for connection with said reservoir, the first and second portions being releasably secured together to define a fluid passageway between the reservoir and the conduit and at least one of the first and second portions having an internal lining of said impregnated water-soluble glass. The internal lining may be retained between spaced shoulders on the first or second portion, so that when the portions are separated the lining is held in position until re-connection is made.
The connector member may be in the form of a fitting which connects together upstream and downstream tubing, each of the first and second portions of the connector being disposed at an end of the respective tubing. If it becomes necessary to disconnect the tubing remote from the patient, for example to replace a full reservoir of fluid drained from the patient with a full one, the connector can be broken and the silver reduces the danger of infection to the patient through ingress of bacteria.
The connector member may consist of or include a length of tubing, for example of plastics material, rubber or silicone rubber, in which the impregnated water-soluble glass is dispersed so that the silver is released from the tubing wall.
The reservoir may also contain impregnated water-soluble glass, especially in the case where fluid is being drained from the patient, for example in urine drainage systems. During collection of the urine in the reservoir in conventional systems bacteria multiply and there is a risk that they may migrate along the drainage tubing to the patient, thereby increasing the incidence of bacteria and producing urinary tract infection. Inclusion in the reservoir of an apertured container in which silver-impregnated water-soluble glass is disposed prevents the multiplication of bacteria in the reservoir and therefore reduces the infection risk. A preferable form of container has been found to be a flexible braided polyester sleeve closed at each end to-form an elongate pouch and containing granules of the glass. This system also protects nursing staff, who are required to replace full reservoirs, and/or to drain off urine from full reservoirs, by preventing proliferation of bacteria in the urine.
The apparatus may be used for example in urine drainage systems, post-surgical drainage systems, cannula systems and renal and peritoneal dialysis systems.
There is also provided a connector member having an inlet and an outlet and having walling defining a through passageway for flow of liquid from the inlet to the outlet, at least a part of said walling being formed of water-soluble glass impregnated with elemental silver or a compound of silver.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medicinal substance for topical application which comprises a water-soluble glass containing silver orthophosphate, and means to maintain the substance in contact with a surface of a body.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of retarding bacterial growth at the surface of a body, comprising applying to the surface water-soluble glass silver orthophosphate, and maintaining the glass in contact with the surface.
The invention can be employed, for example, in treating wounds, catheter and tubing entry points, stoma sites and body passage entrances where bacterial growth and migration are rife.
Preferably, said glass is adapted by the use of glass modifiers to give a sustained release of silver over a set period. The means to maintain the substance in contact with the surface may be a carrier combined with the glass or could be separate from the glass. If used alone, the glass may be in the form of a powder, as granules, as fibres that can be woven into a dressing form, as a sinter which may be shaped in a particular way, or cast into the required shape eg a collar to surround the area of penetration of a catheter into the body.
When combined with a carrier the glass may be used as a filler in polymers for surface release eg in silicones, natural and synthetic rubbers and medical plastics and polymers.
Alternatively, the glass may be incorporated in the adhesive of adhesive film dressings, in lint, wool, tow and gauze dressings and as part of wound management products such as foam, hydrogels and hydrocolloids, films, gels and creams.
Combinations of these examples can also be used.
Most preferably, said glass contains not more than 40 mole % M2 O or MO, not less than 10 mole % M2 O or MO, and not more than 50 mole % nor less than 38 mole % phosphorus pentoxide, with the inclusion of 0.05 to 5.0 mole % silver oxide.
Said alkali metal oxide may be sodium oxide (Na2 O), potassium (K2 O) or a mixture thereof; and said alkaline earth oxide may be calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO) or a mixture thereof.
The glass may also contain less than 5 mole % silicon dioxide (SiO2), boric oxide (B2 O3), sulphate ion (SO4 2-), a halide ion, copper oxide (CuO) or a mixture thereof.
Typically the soluble glasses used in this invention comprise phosphorus pentoxide (P2 O5) as the principal glass-former, together with any one or more glass-modifying non-toxic materials such as sodium oxide (Na2 O), potassium oxide (K2 O), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium oxide (CaO). The rate at which the silver-release glass dissolves in fluids is determined by the glass composition, generally by the ratio of glass-modifier to glass-former and by the relative proportions of the glass-modifiers in the glass. By suitable adjustment of the glass composition, the dissolution rates in water at 38� C. ranging from substantially zero to 25 mg/cm2 /hour or more can be designed. However, the most desirable dissolution rate R of the glass is between 0.01 and 2.0 mg/cm2 /hour. The water-soluble glass is preferably a phosphate glass, and the silver may advantageously be introduced during manufacture as silver orthophosphate (Ag3 PO4). The content of silver and other constituents in the glass can vary in accordance with conditions of use and desired rates of release, the content of silver generally being up to 5 mole %. While we are following convention in describing the composition of the glass in terms of the mole % of oxides, of halides and of sulphate ions, this is not intended to imply that such chemical species are present in the glass nor that they are used for the batch for the preparation of the glass.
The optimum rate of release of silver ions into an aqueous environment may be selected by circumstances and particularly by the specific function of the released silver. The invention provides a means of delivering silver ions to an aqueous medium at a rate which will maintain a concentration of silver ions in said aqueous medium of not less than 0.01 parts per million and not greater than 10 parts per million. In some cases, the required rate of release may be such that all of the silver added to the system is released in a short period of hours or days and in other applications it may be that the total silver be released slowly at a substantially uniform rate over a period extending to months or even years. In particular cases there may be additional requirements, for example it may be desirable that no residue remains after the source of the silver ions is exhausted or, in other cases, where the silver is made available it will be desirable that any materials, other than the silver itself, which are simultaneously released should be physiologically harmless. In yet other cases, it may be necessary to ensure that the pH of the resulting solution does not fall outside defined limits.
The glass may be formed by a number of methods. It may simply be cast by conventional or centrifugal procedures, or it may be prepared via one or more stages of rod, fibre or tube drawing. Other preparation techniques include foamed glass or comminution of the glass followed by pressing and sintering into a solid body. It may be presented for example as a solid body, a powder or granules of preselected size, as flakes, or in the form of a number of hollow cylinders.
A preparation of this invention may comprise a composite material containing one or more than one water-soluble glass composition. The antimicrobial properties of the preparation of the invention are due entirely to the bacteriostatic properties of silver ions.
The antimicrobial properties of the preparation of the invention were demonstrated by placing a section of silver-containing water-soluble glass, cut from a 4 mm rod, in culture medium. Over a period of 36 hours the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited. A similar result was obtained when the culture medium was replaced with fluids recovered after use in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD). The inhibition of bacterial growth by slow release of silver has a wide range of application in those treatments where fluid enters or leaves the body by natural processes or by routes introduced by surgical intervention.
One such example exists in CAPD where patients with renal failure receive regular exchanges of dialysis fluid introduced into the peritoneal cavity. Delivery is carried out under aseptic conditions from an individual bottle or plastic bag of sterile dialysis fluid via a resident catheter in the lower abdomen. Each time the circuit is broken there is a risk of infection both at the implant site and in the peritoneum which can lead to episodes of peritonitis and also to the required removal of the implanted catheter. The interposing of silver-release glass at the connector sites, through which liquid entering or leaving the peritoneal cavity flows, offers a barrier to bacterial invasion.
Similarly, with parenteral infusions involving individual cannulae and catheters the incorporation of an antimicrobial barrier in accordance with this invention will reduce the risk to the patient.
The antimicrobial action of silver is known. One of the most widely used silver-based pharmaceutical compositions is silver sulphadiazine which is commonly used, in the form of an ointment, for the treatment of burn wounds, (which are particularly subject to contamination by colonising organisms, especially bacteria and fungi), by topical application. In contact with the wound the silver sulphadiazine, both components possessing antibiotic properties. The compound also exhibits some degree of slow or sustained release of the silver and sulphadiazine because of its relatively low aqueous solubility which, of course, retards the dissociation necessary for release of the antibiotic action. Silver nitrate and silver allantoinate are also used.
Examples of preparations of water-soluble glasses containing silver (which are referred to below as silver release inorganic polymers (SRP)) for use with the first three aspects of the invention are given in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________TABLE OF GLASS CODES GIVING COMPOSITIONGLASS Na2 O CaO P2 O5 Ag2 OCODE mol % mol % mol % as spec______________________________________D060689-1 28 20 50 2 mole %D060689-2 28 22 50 0 mole %D281188-1 36 14 50 0 mole %D041188-1 35 14 50 1 mole %D011288-1 35 14 50 1 mole %D221188-1 30 19 50 1 mole %D141288-1 30 20 50 0 mole %D100688-1 22 25 50 10 wt %D070989-1 26 23.5 47 3.5 mole %D141189-1 27.75 21.75 47 3.5 mole %J290487-4 11.63 37.44 50.00 10 wt %J010587-2 12.63 38.44 50.88 8 wt %______________________________________
SRP compositions D060689-1 (with silver) and D060689-2 (without silver) were used to test effectiveness against organisms. Test discs of the SRP were placed on plain DST agar; one control and two test discs per plate. The plates were flooded with suspensions of test organisms, drained and dried. After incubation the widths of the zones of inhibition around the SRP discs were measured. In all cases the test samples gave significant zones of inhibition. In all cases, the controls (without silver) showed no zones of inhibition. The organisms tested were as follows: P vulgaris, P mirabilis, P rettgeri, Providence spp., Ps aeruginosa, Staph. epidermidis, NCTC, E coli, Oxford Staph., C albicans, K aerogenes, Enterococcus, Ent cloacae. MRSA, Acinetobacter, S Marcescens. The full results of this test are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________ 24 hrs 48 hrs Test Control Test Control______________________________________1. Pro vulgaris 6.25 0 6.25 0 6.25 0 6.25 02. Pro mirabilis 6.5 0 6.5 0 6.0 0 6.25 03. Pro rettgeri 5.0 0 4.25 0 4.75 0 4.25 04. Ps. aeruginosa 6.75 0 5.75 0 6.75 0 6.25 05. Providence spp 5.75 0 3.75 0 5.5 0 3.75 06. NCTC E coli 6.75 0 6.75 0 6.75 0 6.75 07. Oxford Staph 5.75 0 5.25 0 5.75 0 5.25 08. Staph eipidermidis 6.00 0 3.75 0 6.00 0 3.75 09. C albicans 10.00 0 0 0 9.00 0 0 010. K aerogenes 4.5 0 4.0 0 4.5 0 4.0 011. Enterococcus 1.5 0 1.5 0 1.75 0 1.75 012. Ent Cloacae 3.5 0 3.25 0 3.25 0 2.75 013. MRSA 5.25 0 5.75 0 5.0 0 5.75 014. Acinetobacter 5.5 0 5.75 0 5.25 0 5.75 015. S marcescens 6.0 0 5.5 0 5.5 0 5.5 0______________________________________
SRP compositions D281188-1 (without silver), D041188-1 (with silver) and D011288-1 (with silver) were subjected to gamma radiation and showed no significant change in the performance of the SRP. Samples of the SRP were tested after 0, 1, 2 and 3 exposures to 25 KGy of gamma irradiation.
SRP composition D100688-1 (with silver) was used to test for skin reactions. Volunteers wore SRP impregnated patches for up to 10 days. No discomfort or irritation was reported. The SRP used in this test was composed of material to demonstrate the worst possible case.
Incorporation of SRP composition D141189-1 (with silver) into silicone rubber sheeting has been demonstrated as a viable vehicle for the delivery of effective quantities of active silver ions. Silicone rubber sheets impregnated with SRP were cut into small discs and put onto agar which was then inoculated with various organisms. Again significant zones of inhibition were recorded and the results are shown in detail in Table 3. The SRP in the silicone samples has been formulated to release active silver ions over a 3-5 day period. Any period of release can be accommodated.
TABLE 3______________________________________ DISCORGANISM A30 A15 B30 B15 B10 B5______________________________________E coli ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++Klebsiella sp ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++Proteus sp ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++Ps aeruginosa ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++Staph aureus + + + + + -Coag neg staph + + ++ + + -MRSA + + ++ + + -______________________________________ Table Zones of inhibition achieved by different silicon discs against a range o organisms (++ = complete inhibition of growth, + = partial inhibition of growth, - = inhibition of growth).
Studies have also been carried out using SRP composition D141189-1 (with silver) to assess systemic levels of silver (from blood, urine, faeces surrounding tissue and vital organs) in mice with silver releasing implants. No readable level of silver was achieved except in the local tissues, and possibly in blood and urine. Work with burns patients treated with silver sulphadiazine has shown that silver tends to remain local to its implant site showing little ability to migrate through the tissues. Sheets of silicone rubber containing 10% SRP were cut into discs approximately 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick. These were implanted subcutaneously into three groups of three mice. A fourth group contained three mice for control purposes into which silicone samples without SRP were implanted. Group 1 mice and one control were sacrificed on day 2, group 2 and one control on day 5 and group 3 plus one control on day 10. The samples from each group were prepared against standard solutions for analysis of silver levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The implants showed only a mild local tissue reaction with silver present and no silver was detectable in the samples of vital organs.
The ability of these SRP's, when incorporated in a dressing or dispersed in a carrier, to sustain the release of active levels of silver over a period of days or even weeks, if required, offers a simple and adaptable form of treatment which may be `tailor-made` to requirements. Thus burn sepsis, surgical and traumatic wounds and ulcers and pressure sores may be effectively treated.
Examples of the use of such SRP's are given below:
a) If the SRP powder is mixed with a filler it may be pressed into the desired shape and then heated to fuse as a sinter in its final form.
b) Sheet material may be formed by mixing a polysaccharide such as alginate with SRP granules and subjecting the mix to a paper-making process so producing a board. Paper can be incorporated to give mechanical strength. In this way a dressing or a collar can be produced.
c) The SRP may be incorporated into silicon rubber and the rubber then applied to the treatment area, for example as a pad or collar. Catheter bodies, surface linings of cannulae, drainage tubes and the like, or superficial silicon coating of various instruments and appliances may be protected by rubber containing SRP.
In such uses, the SRP-impregnated rubber may form the entire wall thickness of the catheter or other tubing, or may be used in the form of a sleeve or coating on the outer face of a conventional catheter or tube whose wall is made of PVC or other material.
A further important use of the present invention is in preventing bacteria spread and growth around punctures in the skin or around the entrance of body passages, for example the urethra. The areas around catheters which are in place for prolonged periods of time, or around stoma sites, are prone to bacterial residence and multiplication, and thus infection can arise. A collar of material used in the present invention can be applied around the catheter or stoma site in order to prevent proliferation of bacteria.
The urethra, and hence the bladder, can also become infected by migration of bacteria in the perineal region, especially as the environment in that area is conductive to bacterial growth. To combat this, a pad, towel or tampon carrying SRP may be applied to the region; and the silver ions gradually released act as a bacteriostat or bactericide controlling the incidence and spread of bacteria over a prolonged period.
The advantages derivable from the present Application include the following:
(1) sustained and controlled release of silver ions to limit bacterial incidence and spread;
(2) small quantities of silver can be used to avoid electrolyte imbalance and minimise the risk of leukopenia, and also to reduce cost;
(3) the glass is biodegradable and so disappears from the body without adverse effect;
(4) the glass is compatible with existing dressings and other topical applications;
(5) the exclusion of micro-organisms from the skin and wounds prevents their proliferation and limits their transfer from the site to ambient environment;
(6) the material used in the invention provides an environment conductive to healing; and
(7) trace elements such as zinc and magnesium can be included for additional beneficial effect.
Embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of apparatus for use with the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) and (b) are side views of different forms of the apparatus in use;
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of an alternative connection member of this apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the basic glass composition of the present invention in an MO, M2 O and P2 O5 system; and,
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the pH of solution products as a function of P2 O5 content.
Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus comprises an indwelling urinary catheter 2 having inflatable balloon portions 4, 6 for maintaining the catheter in position in the urethra with the free end 8 in the bladder to collect urine through apertures 10, 12. At the outer end the catheter 2 terminates in a first portion 14 of a connector 16 whose second portion 18 leads to tubing 20 which enters a urine collection bottle 22. The bottle 22 has at its lower end remote from the tubing 20 a drain plug 24. The connection between the first and second portions 14, 18 of the connector represents a site of potential contamination by bacteria which can be introduced on releasing the connector 16, for example to change the bottle 22 and tubing 20.
The urine itself is contaminated and the bacteria can reproduce in the bottle 22 as the urine collects in it. Thus when a nurse empties the bottle 22 through the drain plug 24 there is a risk of bacteria being transferred to the nurse. Further, bacteria in the bottle may find their way along the tubing 20, connector 16 and catheter 2 into the patient's bladder, causing infection.
In order to prevent such infection by bacterial reproduction and transfer, the first portion 18 of the connector 16 has a peripheral recess 26 defined by spaced shoulders 28, 30, and a sleeve or lining 32 of water-soluble glass impregnated with silver is retained in the recess 26 to form part of the flow passageway for urine through the connector. Further, the bottle 22 contains a braided pouch 34 within which are held granules of the impregnated water-soluble glass, the pouch being tubular and closed at each end. The material of the pouch 34 is such that is contains interstices which allow urine to pass through but which are small enough to prevent the granules of the glass escaping.
In use the glass sleeve 32 and the glass in the pouch 34 act as a bacteriostat preventing an increase in the number of bacteria in the urine itself and of bacteria introduced in the event of the connector 16 being opened, for example to change the bottle 22. This occurs by virtue of the gradual dissolution of the glass, releasing the silver with its bacteriostatic properties over a prolonged period. The composition of the glass determines the rate of silver release.
FIG. 2(a) illustrates the use of a connector 16, which is of similar construction to that shown in FIG. 1, in peritoneal dialysis in which fluid passes from a reservoir 38 into the peritoneum of the patient. In this case the fluid itself is sterile so the reservoir 38 need not contain a pouch 34 as in FIG. 1, but the sleeve 32 is required in the connector 16 to deal with bacteria which may be introduced when the connector is opened in order to replace the reservoir 38 when empty. FIG. 2(b) illustrates the apparatus in post-surgical drainage, in which suction is applied through a line 40 to the patient to draw fluid from the operation site into a collection bottle 42. Again, the connector 16 is of similar construction to that of FIG. 1 and includes the silver-impregnated sleeve 32.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the connector 16 has first and second portions 14, 18 having an ingot 44 of silver-containing water-soluble glass between them. The ingot 44 is in the form of a solid sleeve 46 having an annular flange 48 at one end to bear against an end face of the second portion 18. The first and second portions 14, 18 each have a fitting 49, 50 for receiving an end portion of rubber tubing. The sleeve 46 fits within the first portion 14 so as to contact fluid passing through the connector 16.
In the connector of FIG. 3, the ingot 44 is made by mixing together 35 mole % of NaH2 PO4, 15 mole % of CaHPO4 and 50 mole % of P2 O5, heating the mixture at 1050� C. for 20 minutes, and cooling and grinding the glass thus obtained until it forms a powder. This powder is then weighed and up to 10% by weight of silver orthophosphate (Ag3 PO4) is added and mixed in. The mixture is then heated to 1050� C. to produce a homogeneous impregnated water-soluble glass, cast into shape and annealed.
The granulated form of the glass provided in the pouch 34 of FIG. 1 can also be made in this way, with a final granulation stage instead of casting.
Alternatively the silver orthophosphate can be included in the original mix to allow a single heating stage.
It has been found that if the silver-impregnated water-soluble glass used in these embodiments of the invention is heated directly at its surface after its manufacture, in a manner that creates a rapid temperature gradient through the material, elemental silver forms at the surface in a fine layer which in use provides an initial increased rate of dissolution of the silver into the fluid until the surface layer has all dissolved, after which the glass dissolves as normal with a slower rate of release of silver. In producing this effect it is important that the heating is not sustained after the formation of the silver surface layer as the glass otherwise may devitrify and the release rate of the silver becomes unpredictable.
The glass is dissolved by the breakup of the 3-D phosphorus-oxygen skeleton by the attacking H+ and OH- ions and molecular H2 O causing the release of phosphorus-oxygen fragments and associated cations.
______________________________________GLASS + PHOSPHATE + INCOMPLETEWATER IONS IONS______________________________________(H+, OH-, H2 O) (Pn O3n+1).sup.(n+2)- eg. (HPO4)2-______________________________________
The solution rate of the glass is approximately equal to the sum of the reactions of H+, OH- and H2 O with glass The attack by H+ is the fastest, hence the solution rate, R, is a monotonic function of the hydrogen ion concentration, (except in very alkaline solutions).
The pH of solution due to the dissolution of products is dependent on the composition of the glass in the ratio (M2 O+MO)/P2 O5 and in the volume and flow-rate of the aqueous solvent.
FIG. 4 shows a graph indicating the limits of the glass composition in the MO, M2 O and P2 O5 system. The shaded area describes the most desirable composition, ie. 38-50 mole % phosphorus pentoxide and 10-40 mole % M2 O (eg. sodium oxide) and MO (eg. calcium oxide) assuming the inclusion of 0.05-5.0 mole % silver oxide. Adverse effects of pH on solution rate can be controlled by alteration to the basic glass composition.
FIG. 5 shows this in the form of a graph showing the pH of the solution products of 2 g/l of glasses of varying composition, which have completely dissolved (ie. a concentration of 20 mMol approximately).
It is understood that the solution rate, R, of the glass is also, to some extent, dependent on the pH of the aqueous solvent. We chose to specify the solution rate, R, as mg of glass per cm2 per hour by water of pH 7.0 at 38� C. While the solution rate does not change significantly as the pH is changed from 9-4, at values of pH<4.0 the solution rate increases rapidly as the solvent becomes more acid. It will be clear that if the glass is to be used in aqueous solutions with a pH outside the range 4-8 the composition of the glass should be selected to give the required solution rate in an aqueous solvent of this particular pH.
The temperature dependence of solution rate is the temperature dependence of the chemical reaction and is of the general form: R═Ro e-A/kT where A is the activation energy of the solution reaction and is such that the solution rate, R, doubles for each 10� C. rise in temperature.
Experiments using the invention will now be described by way of example.
The silver-impregnated water-soluble glass was produced in two forms which would enable its incorporation into the urinary catheter collection system of FIG. 1 but using the connector shown in FIG. 3:
1. A silver-impregnated glass ingot inside a plastic connector which would be situated between the distal end of the catheter and the proximal end of the urine collection bag tubing. The reason for siting the silver glass here is that many episodes of urinary tract infection in catheterised patients are thought to result from contamination of the catheter/bag junction when the collection bag is disconnected and reconnected.
2. A porous plastic pouch containing small granules of silver-impregnated glass which would be situated inside the collection bag releasing silver ions into the collected urine. This would reduce the numbers of bacteria present in the collection bag which is thought to be a potential source of cross-infection in wards where there are several catheterised patients.
Brain heart infusion broth containing small pellets of silver-impregnated glass were inoculated with small numbers of different test organisms and the broths incubated at 37� C. overnight. Test organisms used were
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella sp
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
The broths were subcultured after 48 hours to assess whether bacterial growth had been inhibited or not. Control cultures were also set up which did not contain silver-impregnated glass pellets.
Pooled samples of urine containing varying numbers of bacteria ranging from 1�105 to 1�107 organisms per ml of urine were run through the silver-impregnated glass ingot containing connector at the rate of 1 ml per minute (the approximate rate at which urine flows through a urinary catheter) for 2 hours. The number of organisms present in the urine before and after flowing through the connector and after incubation of the collected urine at room temperature for 24 hours were estimated. These were compared to the numbers of organisms present in similar samples of the pooled urine which had not been passed through the connector.
Filtered (sterile) urine was run through the silver-impregnated glass connector at the rate of 1 ml per minute for 2 hours as before. The connector was then artificially contaminated with 1�106 organisms of E. coli and sterile urine run through the connector for a further 1 hour. This was to simulate contamination of the connector for a further 1 hour. This was to simulate contamination of the connector during changing of the collection bag. The number of organisms present in the collected urine was estimated immediately after collection (Time 0) and after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours' incubation at room temperature.
This experiment was also carried out using nutrient broth instead of sterile urine (when urine was unavailable).
Sterile urine was allowed to flow through the silver-impregnated glass connector at the rate of 1 ml per minute for 24 hours. Several samples were taken during this time for silver estimation in order to gain a picture of the rate of silver release into the collected urine.
Filtered (sterile) urine was collected in a container containing silver-impregnated water-soluble glass granules in a braided plastic pouch. This urine was then artificially contaminated with a known number of organisms of E. coli and the collected urine incubated at room temperature for 4 days, the numbers of organisms present in the urine being estimated daily.
Preliminary experiments which assessed the ability of silver-impregnated glass to inhibit the growth of different types of bacteria showed that the glass pellets inhibited the growth of all types of bacteria except the Proteus mirabilis.
In Experiment 2, passing the urine through the connector did not immediately reduce the numbers of organisms present in the urine, but after 24 hours' incubation there was approximately a ten-fold reduction in the numbers of organisms in the urine which had been passed through the connector when compared with the control urine.
When sterile urine or nutrient broth was used and the connector artificially contaminated with E. coli, the numbers of organisms in the control urine had significantly multiplied after 24 hours' incubation, but the test urine which had been passed through the connector showed very small numbers of organisms present after 24 and 48 hours and regrowth of the E. coli did not occur until after 72 or 96 hours' incubation.
The preliminary results of the experiments assessing the use of the plastic pouch containing silver-impregnated glass granules to inhibit organism growth gave positive results.
Both the glass-containing connector and the plastic pouch containing glass granules released enough silver to inhibit the growth of bacteria and can be incorporated into urinary collection systems in order to reduce the risk of urinary tract infection in catheterised patients.
In the above Experiments the ingot contained in the connector comprised 35 mole % NaH2 PO4, 15 mole % CaHPO4 and 50 mole % P2 O5, and 10% by weight of silver. This resulted in a rate of release of silver of 1 mg per cm2 per hour.
The granules in the plastic pouch comprised 25 mole % NaH2 PO4, 25 mole % CaHPO4 and 50 mole % P2 O5, with 5% by weight of silver. The silver release rate was 0.6mg per cm2 per hour.
In general, an increase in the amount of sodium present in the glass increases the rate of dissolution and therefore of silver release when the P2 O5 content remains constant.
Modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
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Limitless: Alex Wong has transformed from ballet star to commercial success
So You've Graduated. Now What? How to navigate the tricky time between college and career
Bringing the Past Alive: Today's reconstructions show just how much classical ballet has evolved
Choreography Knocks: Opportunities for choreographers at all levels
A Growing List of Living Female Choreographers
We want your feedback!
By Dance Magazine
Leonard "Buster" Cooper, 90, of Dallas, passed away on Tuesday, March 25, 2014 at the Legacy at Preston Hollow. He will always be remembered as a loving husband, father, grandfather, uncle, teacher and friend to all that knew and loved him. He was born in Magnolia, Arkansas, on August 30, 1923 to Benton Marshall Cooper and Nora Lee Cooper. On January 27th, 1959, he married Marianne Prather Jones, a commercial artist who was his loving partner for 54 years until her death on March 17, 2013. They had 2 daughters, Katherine Lee Cooper Leverton and Leslie Anne Cooper. After the tragic loss of Kathy, Buster and Anne selflessly raised her 3 young children.
Buster was a generous, compassionate, and devoted man who tirelessly supported his family without complaint. He was an avid Dallas Cowboys fan and an extraordinary dance instructor/choreographer who taught 4 tap classes a week up until very recently. His quick wit, infectious laughter, and contagious joie de vivre, coupled with his get-it-done attitude, made him beloved among the many students and colleagues of his almost eight decade career. He always offered a shoulder to cry on and was a living legacy that exemplified the ideals of art and dance. Survivors include his daughter Leslie Anne Cooper and long time family friend Sandra Pastiro of Dallas. Grandchildren include Keira Anne Leverton, Rayna Lee Northrup and husband Tom, and Jason Albert Leverton. Great grandchildren include Jamie, Kathy Anne, and Lilly Northrup. He is also survived by grand niece Shawndra Oglesby and husband Clay and great grand nephew and niece Alex and Savannah Oglesby.


text:
Final vote on 2015-2016 budget set for November 19
Knesset votes to continue work on bill to force-feed hunger-striking prisoners
Gold to thank Indians for apparent shift in UN voting pattern
Report: Jerusalem asked Britain to vote for anti-Israeli resolution
Classical Review: IPO
How E. Randol Schoenberg fought for The Woman in Gold
SHOW REVIEW: Cirque Du Soleil– Quidam: Menora Mivtachim Arena, Tel Aviv, July 2
Enter Bardo Pond's musical time machine
Casspi to remain in Sacramento with new two-year deal
Farmar returns to rebuilding Maccabi Tel Aviv
2015/16 soccer season to begin with fireworks
Erlich aiming to continue surprise run at Wimbledon
Analysis: Making sense of Germany's vote against Israel in the UN Human Rights Council
Reshet Bet: Despite law, minorities continue to be underrepresented in government offices
Iran Defense Minister warns of 'Israel's WMDs' threat to world
School teachers working in Israeli schools supported ISIS, Shin Bet says
Al-Quds Brigade builds watch tower directly across IDF structure on Gaza border
Haredim arrested for throwing rocks at Arab vehicles near Damascus Gate
Second arson in 2 days shuts down Jerusalem train station
Legendary Jewish producer Jerry Weintraub dies at 77
Clinton calls for strategy to fight boycotts of Israel
WATCH: Jewish gymnast Aly Raisman strips down for ESPN
Mazel tov: Kabbalists Kutcher and Kunis tie the knot
Philadelphia museum celebrates Jewish role in promoting gay rights
Experts: Egypt in life-and-death struggle, though regime is stable
Another deadline arrives, but no deal yet over Iran's nuclear program
Hardline Revolutionary Guard set to profit from Iran nuclear deal
Iranian official: US will remain our enemy despite emerging nuclear deal
After attack on ISIS, Iraqi jet mistakenly drops bomb on Baghdad, killing 5
Professionals and volunteers available to counsel youth at popular entertainment spots
Barkat: Appoint permanent Hadassah Medical Organization director general to prevent collapse
Rate of women academics at universities and colleges still lags way behind US and EU
Health Scan
Opposition MKs, gov't officials, gas companies spar over controversial outline
Delek, Noble executives: We commit to developing Leviathan
Members of the public can submit reactions to gas outline until July 21
TAU collaborates with IATA on aviation technology and security
Google's Waze to start carpooling pilot program in Israel
Israel's Elbit Systems wins $150 mln Benelux contract
Apps for finding jobs are among Microsoft Venture's latest start-up
How US investors raised largest-ever real-estate bond offering in Israel
Shalom approves permits for Jordanians to work in Eilat hotels
Letters to the Editor: Measuring up
Fundamentally Freund: Bring Herzl's grandparents for reburial in Jerusalem
Exploiting anti-Semitism for the occupation's sake
Why universities need a definition of anti-Semitism
Demand BDS justify its goals
Nuclear Timeline
Taking on BDS
Boycott takes center stage
Preempting 'Goldstone II'
Israel, doctor's orders
A historian, writing in first person
A lover of life
Muslim and Jewish Jerusalemites break bread together
Cochavit Netzach Dolev takes a stand
Food for thought
Taking back control for the good of our kids
This week in Jerusalem
Art is for everyone, everywhere
Speechless theater
Extreme family fun
Opening the women's wrestling floodgates
Distancing Israeli Arab moderates instead of drawing them closer
This Islamic State madness has gone on long enough
An obsession with Israel that even trumps national self-interest
Israel-Palestine: French recipe lacks ingredients
אֲנָשִים טוֹבִים
עֵמֶק הַצְבָאִים
שֶקֶט אֲמִיתִי
חִיבּוּק שֶל אַהֲבָה
The path to aliya- Indian style
The journey of Ukraine's embattled Jews to Israel
A historic win, but no slam dunk
Roads to hell
Our island
Israel stands in the way and is an obstacle to full Muslim domination of the Middle East
Pope Francis to leave for South America in 'homecoming' trip
Episcopal Church overwhelmingly rebuffs divestment resolution
Will pope chew coca leaves in Bolivia?
Three US churches consider BDS measures against Israel in upcoming vote
NGO seeks to seize N. Korean ship to pay off $330 m. US judgment for killing of priest
Green Leadership Classroom Inaugurated at Dimona School
Eitan Levav Scenic Lookout Inaugurated in Adamit Park
Cherries in the Negev: If You Will it, It is No Dream
Healing Garden Dedicated at the Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital in Tel Aviv
Italy's National Day at EXPO 2015
The Ambassadors' Club of Israel Tours the Galilee with KKL-JNF
The International Solidarity Mission Says Goodbye in Jerusalem
Chinese Ambassador Visits the Israel-China Friendship Fores
New Bio-filters Purify Surface Runoff Water for Reuse
Future Tour Guides Discover the Negev with KKL-JNF
The Shamir Drilling Project
Graduation Ceremony for Rosh HaAyin's Volunteer Firefighters
$100 Million JNF Boruchin Israel Education Advocacy Center Opens
JNF Canada Pays Tribute to the Honourable John Baird
From Sunny Israel to Cold Canada
Walking for Water with KKL France in the Mountains of Eilat
The Negev Conference on Agricultural Research and Development
Arava Open Day: Food Security for Israel and the Entire World
Living Green in Israel: the Contest and the Winners
Addressing Climate Change Conference
An Olah Reports From Nepal
How One Oleh is Helping to Transform the Way People Drink Water
From Think Tank to Environmental Consultant
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07.07.2015 | 20 Tammuz, 5775
Letters to the Editor: Measuring up
Fundamentally Freund: Bring Herzl's grandparents for reburial in Jerusalem
Exploiting anti-Semitism for the occupation's sake
Why universities need a definition of anti-Semitism
Demand BDS justify its goals
'Pogrom denial'
No Holds Barred: Will Samantha Power be the first American UN ambassador to abandon Israel?
Jerusalem Post Editorial: Athens and Jerusalem
Borderline Views: The Passing of a Great Humanitarian
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BDS in American churches
Did disillusionment with Sunnis lead to Persian ascendancy at US State Department?
09/14/2012 07:07
Meir Dagan.
(photo credit:Marc Israel Sellem)
If I were an ayatollah I would be rubbing my hands with glee. Israel's
relationship with the United States is teetering on crisis; Europe's leaders,
led by Angela Merkel of Germany, the same country that provided Israel with
nuclear-capable submarines just recently, are furious; Israel's prime minister
and defense minister are at each other's throats, as are other members of the
Israeli cabinet, often with microphones in front of their mouths; day after day
Israel's major papers publish more and more details of Israel's strategic
thinking on the Iranian issue, while the never ending flow of Iranian-related
verbiage put out by pundits, many fresh out of uniform or the civil service,
just adds to the general confusion.If the ayatollah in question had been
with me at a bar mitzva just the other week, he would have been even more
delighted to hear several young couples with an assortment of young children
between them, discussing whether or not the responsible thing to do as parents
would be to leave the country for a while. The weekend papers and Friday night
TV commentators had certainly left an impression of pending war, and who knew
what the crazy Iranians and their Hezbollah and Hamas allies would do in
response.For years Israel's message to the world has been that a nuclear
Iran was not only Israel's problem, but the world's problem. A tremendous effort
was made to fortify this point, and not without success. Iran has been placed
under an international sanctions regime and the American president is publicly
pledged to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. The Iranians have come
under closer international scrutiny, Canada has cut ties with the country and
the secretary-general of the United Nations, in Tehran of all places, ridiculed
and condemned Iran's behavior toward Israel, the Jews and the
Holocaust.But then everything became unraveled.Instead of Israel
standing on the side lines watching while the world, at its urging, dealt with
the Iranian problem, it is now back on center stage.Instead of
international cooperation, we now have international
recrimination.Instead of Israel and its allies having their collective
eye on the ball, they now watch each other. How did this all come about? The
story of the unfolding of Israel's current Iran debacle is simple, but quite
unbelievable. It started with the former head of the Mossad, Meir Dagan, who
decided to brief a group of senior journalists before leaving his post after
eight years and three prime ministers as Israel's top spymaster. The meeting was
held in Dagan's office, an extremely unlikely location for a media event, just
before his successor, Tamir Pardo, was slated to take over on January 1,
2011.Dagan's message to the reporters was stunning: The Israeli public,
he is quoted as saying, could trust neither the prime minister nor the defense
minister on the Iranian issue; that the two men were going to lead Israel on a
senseless path of war by irresponsibly bombing the Iranian nuclear reactors, and
that Israeli military and security leadership was too weak to oppose
them.He then told the world on CBS's prime-time 60 Minutes program that
bombing Iran's nuclear facilities was the "stupidest idea" he had ever heard,
and went on to give a long series of interviews on and off the record, just to
make sure that the entire world understood that Israel's current leadership
could not be trusted to do the right thing.Dagan's motives have been a
subject of speculation for months. Some say he felt he had to speak out to
prevent a catastrophe, or at least postpone it.Others say that it was
political, sour grapes over not having Binyamin Netanyahu extend his term, or
that he genuinely believed that the war against Iran's nuclear program is best
fought covertly. Whatever his motive, the net result was the seed of today's
bitter harvest, his campaign eagerly being taken up by those elements of the
Israeli media that are happy to do anything to bring Netanyahu down, which means
most of it, but not for the reasons you may all think.Netanyahu made a
serious enemy of Yediot Aharonot, the country's largest and most influential
paper, when he urged gambling billionaire Sheldon Adelson to open Israel HaYom,
a blatantly pro-government daily giveaway, that has taken a serious bite out of
Yediot's circulation and advertising revenues and never has to show a profit.
Yediot also has a substantial share in Channel 2, the independent network,
giving it yet another medium to slam the prime minister whenever
possible.So when the former head of the Mossad, the man who led Israel's
secret war against Iran's nuclear program for eight years, a national hero and
father of the Stuxnet virus, says Netanyahu and Ehud Barak cannot be trusted,
for Yediot it is like manna from heaven; something to be headlined and played
up, no matter what the consequences for public morale, Israel's international
reputation and its ability to deter its enemies.How can any responsible
figure, no matter what his motives, have knowingly started a chain reaction he
knew would lead to the world believing that Israel is in the hands of men who
are not to be trusted and bureaucrats and generals too weak to oppose
them.The vibe the media put out, with Yediot at the helm, was that the
Israeli public would do well to prepare the shelters and run for gas masks.
There were reports from "experts" that "at worst" there would be "only" 300 to
500 dead in the event of an Iranian response, not counting possible damage from
Hezbollah's impressive arsenal of tens of thousands of rockets and missiles, and
from Hamas down south.We have been the architects of our own downfall
once again. For once we had most of the world on board, but instead allowing
ever-tightening sanctions imposed on Iran by the international community to take
their toll, we have gone into confrontation mode with our best friends and
landed up arguing among ourselves while the Iranians continue to bury more
centrifuges ever deeper into the ground.How ironic, this all because of
the poor judgment of a man this country thought it could trust
most.Hirsh Goodman is a journalist and author living in Jerusalem. His
latest book, The Anatomy of Israel's Survival, won the 2012 National Jewish book
Award in the history category.
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Primary Care Doctor, Family Practitioner
19 years of experience
19 years of experience
15000 Arnold Dr
Sonoma, CA 95476 Phone number & directions
Sonoma, CA 95476 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Dr. Carol Castillo, MD is board certified in Family Medicine.
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Dr. Castillo graduated from University of California at San Diego, La Jolla.
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- Additional Information
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Dr. Carol Castillo practices Family Medicine near Sonoma, CA.
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text:
Franchise Index: Previous Season / Next Season
Record: 1-15-0, Finished 5th in NFC East Division
NFL Season Summary
Scored 204 points (12.8/g), 28th of 28 in the NFL.
Allowed 393 points (24.6/g), 24th.
Differential of -189 points (-11.8/g), 28th.
Expected W-L: 2.8-13.2.
Takeaway/Giveaway Differential -25 (-1.6/g), 28th.
Simple Rating System: Total -10.4, Offense: -7.6, Defense: -2.8, SoS: 1.4, versus averages of 0.0.
Coached by
Jimmy Johnson
Offensive Coordinator: David Shula
Defensive Coordinator: Dave Wannstedt
Training Camp: California Lutheran College (Thousand Oaks, California)
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Getting to the Core of Writing: Essential Lessons for Every Fifth Grade Student
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Product Description
Focusing on the traits of quality writing: ideas, sentence fluency, organization, word choice, voice, and conventions, 7-12 lessons on each trait are taught through a variety of writing assignments, graphic organizer helps, and reading connections. Weekly lessons are broken down into multiple stages, including a mini-lesson, writing practice time, and sharing time. Each lesson includes a standard, materials needed, "mentor texts," procedure notes, teaching instructions with semi-scripted questions, assignments, homework ideas, and reproducibles.
This Grade 5 text covers topics such as poems, sentence fluency, organizing, five-step writing, and more.
288 reproducible pages, softcover. A Teacher's CD-ROM with reproducible resources and student activity pages is included. This course covers a full year; a suggested pacing guide is included. Grade 5.
Homeschoolers should be aware that this book suggests readings from an extensive booklist of titles.
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Number of Pages: 152
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Series: Getting to the Core of Writing
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text:
Letter: Rethink MATA route cuts
Johnnie Mosley
I understand that MATA is stuck between a financial rock and a hard place. But as chairman of Citizens for Better Service, I hear the voices of bus riders whose buses are on the chopping block (July 24 article, "'Ugly' changes").
I agree with many of them that there is something morally wrong with the elimination of bus routes at a time when Memphis Area Transit Authority is experiencing a 3.6 percent increase in ridership. If MATA eliminates any routes, it will affect not just a few bus riders, but also many of our citizens who depend on bus riders to do jobs they would not do themselves. The MATA administration should go back to the drawing board and conceive a better plan with no bus eliminations, but with deeper cuts in administrative expenses.
The MATA board needs to listen to the cries of bus riders who are worrying about losing their lifeline to work and taking care of their families.
The board needs to understand that bus riders are not just numbers on a piece of paper, but are human beings who just want to be treated with dignity and respect.
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text:
Longfellow Ref 17058
from £41 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
from £41 /night help Price for guests, Nights approx:
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Contact the advertiser to confirm the total cost.
House / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 4
Availability Your dates are available
House / 2 bedrooms / sleeps 4
|Key Info
Longfellow is a charming cottage in the village of Goodrich. The cottage has a double room with access to the family bathroom, and a twin room. There is a kitchen, a dining room with doors to the patio, and a sitting room with a woodburning stove. Outside is off road parking for two cars, and a rear patio with furniture and BBQ. Longfellow is ideally placed for Goodrich's castle, pubs and shop, as well as the Forest of Dean, Symond's Yat and the Black Mountains.
|Sleeps up to 4, 2 bedrooms
|Family friendly
|Suitable for children over 5
|Pets welcome, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Log fire, Internet access
|Wi-Fi available
|Washing machine
|2 bedrooms, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms
|Double beds (1)
|Private garden
|Parking, Not suitable for wheelchair users
|Further details
Oil central heating with woodburning stove in sitting room. Electric combination microwave oven/grill, 2-ring hob, fridge, washing machine, tumble dryer, TV with Freeview, DVD, CD, radio, WiFi, selection of books, games and DVDs. Fuel, power and fuel for woodburning stove inc. in rent. Bed linen and towels inc. in rent. Off road parking for 2 cars. Lockable bike/kayak storage. Rear garden with patio, furniture and BBQ. Two well-behaved dogs welcome. Sorry, no smoking. Shop 2 mins walk, pub 3 mins walk. Note: There is an unfenced wildlife pond and marsh at this property.
The Herefordshire region
Herefordshire offers visitors the chance to journey through lush green countryside, enjoying splendid black-and-white timbered villages, a magnificent cathedral city, a fairytale Georgian castle at Eastnor or books galore in famous Hay-on-Wye.
Goodrich is a small and picturesque village located in the shadow of Goodrich Castle which overlooks the Wye Valley and is very close to the Forest of Dean. The Wye Valley covers the borders between England and Wales and has been established as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, reflecting the stunning scenery and the abundance of wildlife that lives there. The Forest of Dean is one of the last ancient forests in Britain, covering over 110 kilometres of woodland and lies between the River Wye and the River Severn. The River Wye itself is internationally acclaimed for the quality of its salmon and fishing is one of the many outdoor pursuits visitors can enjoy, alongside canoeing and river walks.
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- 7 Years listed
Calendar last updated:22 May 2015
Based in United Kingdom
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text:
Tests the performance of the Intel® SSD 730 Series in capturing and editing multiple HD videos.
Tests the performance of the Intel® SSD 730 Series in repairing game files during simultaneous playback.
Protect confidential emails, intellectual property, and other business data with the Intel® SSD Pro 2500 Series.
At the size of a stick of RAM, the new form factor delivers the same performance as larger models.
Keep pace with business using a reliable, secure Intel® SSD Pro 1500 Series storage solution.
Explains how Intel® Cache Acceleration Software works and the benefits with Intel® SSDs.


text:
The g.moda online boutique is now open for business!
As of midnight tonight (between October 24th and October 25th, 2011), our online boutique went live! I am so excited to finally be able to share fully the fruits of my efforts as they emerged from my vicarious apprenticeship under the eaves of the BurdaStyle community! The effort has been colossal, but I am really happy with the results. It's not perfect, but not bad for a first offering. Thanks to all who contributed, both from near and far, through offering feedback, a helping hand, information, encouragement and simply being part of this great and nurturing community that is BurdaStyle!
2 Posts Sign in to add a post
Nov 4, 2011, 12.34 AMby gedwoods
We've just launched our second garment line, which we call "g-cielo" – it's hats and scarves, but they transform into bags!
1 Reply
Nov 4, 2011, 02.33 AMby patti-r
Geoff, Warmest wishes and continuing success. Patti
Nov 4, 2011, 04.52 PMby katexxxxxx
Ooh, classy!
Best of luck with it all. t looks fab.
Discussion Categories
Recent Posts
In: Burda Style patterns not including seam allowance
I too was hesitant, but now am an enthusiastic convert. with print your own patterns.ht…
In: Easy way to add seam allowances?
There is a transparent grid ruler you can use to add seam allowances.
In: Please tell me why Burda's instructions SUCK
Thank you for that information. Do you know if the issue can be downloaded electronical…
In: Help With Pattern Sizing :)
Burda patterns are known to be better fitting in that armholes on tops tend to be highe…
The sewing course reference would refer to the issue's pattern pages having more detail…


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The Army has begun the process of overhauling the energy efficiency of all of its facilities worldwide. Two policy memos will change the way the Army designs and builds permanent buildings.
The new guidance focuses on water reduction, energy consumption, and specific ways to reduce the impact of Army facilities on the natural environment. Those include more efficient siting, solar water heating, and storm water management. Also, all incandescent light bulbs and older lighting technology is to be replaced within five years.
The Army Corps of Engineers has issued a study that found the Army spends about $1.5 billion dollars a year to provide electricity, and air handling for its structures. The new guidelines, they say, could save as much as 45 percent of that amount in new buildings.
How the US Mint and NIST are perfecting the money-making process.


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Compare Revisions
Setting up an update server
Revision 129576:
Revision 129576 by MKaply on
Revision 129577:
Revision 129577 by Dveditz on
- Title:
- Setting up an update server
- Setting up an update server
- Slug:
- Mozilla/Setting_up_an_update_server
- Mozilla/Setting_up_an_update_server
- Tags:
- enterprise
- enterprise
- Content:
Revision 129576 Revision 129577 t t 112
 113
 114
 115
 116 Security Considerations 117
 118
 119 You may notice that the default Firefox update URL above us > es https and is served over SSL. SSL does put extra load on the s > erver and you may be tempted to use normal HTTP -- don't! 120
 121
 122 Every user will ping the update server regularly whether th > ere's an update or not (once a day by default). Any user who conn > ects from outside your protected network--particularly from a pub > lic WiFi hotspot--can potentially have their connection hijacked > and be fed a malicious update. SSL protects against this attack. > The update.xml files are small, don't sweat the SSL overhead. 123
 124
 125 The large updates themselves can be safely served from a no > n-secure server because the update files contain a hash that the > client will verify. The hash can be trusted only if the update.xm > l is served securely. 126


text:
2 Parks near New Market, Virginia
Mt. Jackson, Virginia 7.48 miles NE
Shenandoah National Park, Virginia 11.82 miles E
Edinburg, Virginia 12.72 miles NE
New Market, Virginia (map) | (540) 896-2283
Sites: 146 | Latest Rate: $45.00 | 73 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Jun 2015 - $45.00
This is a hidden gem in this part of Virginia. Roads are well kept, just a little dusty. All sites are nice with few noticeably unlevel. We couldn't believe it was not full for Father's Day. The caverns are worth the money and the nearby Civil War Museum is very nice. I highly recommend using exit 257 on I-81 for easiest access to campground. WIFI signal was good but a little sluggish. Power and water good. We will definitely be back. - teamfour
Jun 2015 - $20.00
We used this campground as a stopover for our trip, both coming and going. For the first night, which was a Sunday, we used our PA and got a $20.00 rate (great bargain). On the return leg, we stayed over on a Saturday and paid the normal rate of $44, which I thought was reasonable. The first night we stayed in a site in the lower section. On the return leg, we were in a higher elevation site which I did not like. The interior roads are gravel and you've got some incline on the higher elevation sites. Our dually was spinning gravel trying to get to the site. Both sites were plenty large enough and there is adequate spacing between the sites. Did not see any snakes (plenty of chipmunks though). Did see what appeared to be poison ivy at the one site so keep a look out for that. Speaking of foliage, the trees around the sites could use some trimming. Did not use any facilities, but the pool looked nice from the road. Oh, and you do not have to exit through the arch. - Milo&Millie
May 2015 - $20.00
The Park was very clean, well kept, however they could use more help to keep the weeds & grass under control between campsites. Sites were very spacious, but if you have Dish or Direct Tv make sure you request a location to get your signal, the park is in a wooded area and you could have some problems. Like the previous member mentioned, getting out of the park could pose a bit of concern using the main archway. One other thing, the office is only open till about 5 Pm, so try to arrive before that. - md_procouple
New Market, Virginia (map) | (540) 740-8313
Sites: 60 | Latest Rate: $20.00 | 3 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Feb 2007 - $20.00
Campground is CLOSED - brianb50
Small, peaceful, campground overlooking the Blue Ridge Mountains. Very quaint city of New Market nearby. Owners live on-site and "hand weave" rugs there. Very nice; clean; pet friendly. We love this campground and visit several times a
year. - Motorhome Madness
Clean rural campground. Had a mix of full time, part time and overnight campers. Park was very clean with trash barrel at every site. Sites were very large pull-through's on grass. Utilities were placed well and all worked. Nothing fancy, but nice and very quiet. Staff assisted to site and showed utility location. - Motorhome Madness


text:
Product ID: 3467
Our Replica Jersey is a button front jersey with Kansas City Royals color and styling. A printed tackle twill decoration across the full or left chest makes the official team logo pop against the braid seams. An MLB performance locker tag is sewn onto the bottom left corner of the front of this 100% polyester double knit Alternate jersey in Atlantic Blue. Support your favorite player, Alex Gordon with his name and #4 across the back in printed tackle twill decoration.
Women's Authentic Collection Always October 2014 Playoff Short Sleeve Crew Neck Tee - Kansas City Royals
Mens Cool Base® Personalized Home Extended Sizes Jersey - Kansas City Royals
Men's Short Sleeve Crew Neck Name & Number Tee - Kansas City Royals - Mike Moustakas #8
Cool Base® Authentic On-Field Alternate Jersey - Kansas City Royals - Alcides Escobar #2
Women's Personalized Wordmark Short Sleeve Crew Neck Tee - Kansas City Royals


text:
Is your resume in need of a little disruption?
Startups are all about
making things work better.
Our resume writing service is all about doing that for your CV.
StartUpHire is the place to find LINUX jobs in and near . Review the list below of LINUX jobs. These LINUX jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available. You can refine your job search for LINUX jobs in by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options. Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more LINUX jobs in , or sign up for an email alert (link in upper left) to receive periodic updates on new LINUX jobs in , .
Quantcast seeks a new operational athlete to work with us on our 24x7 high-volume WAN and compute infrastructures. We are looking for a senior systems administrator who is passionate about open-source, Linux, the Internet, and disruptive technology.5/19/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Engineering Pittsburgh, PA, United States Software Engineer - File System This position is located in Pittsburgh, PA Summary: As a member of the File System team, you will be working on the PanFS storage operating system, an object based network attached storage6/17/2015 Pittsburgh, PA Save This Job
As a member of the storage development team you will be working on design and development of software that interfaces with the hardware platform. As part of your job you will be working closely with the hardware/platform team to do board bring-up, write or modify device drivers5/18/2015 Sunnyvale, CA Save This Job
Summary The Technical Support Engineer 3 will be responsible for providing high level remote technical support for a distributed NAS storage product. Responsibilities: Support requirements will include problem assessment, interactive hardware and software troubleshooting,5/18/2015 Pittsburgh, PA Save This Job
Job Description / Responsibilities: The primary responsibility of the Solutions Engineer is to directly contribute to Panasas' product positioning and the strength of its ISV alliances by performing relevant benchmarks and using them to support the Panasas value5/18/2015 Sunnyvale, CA Save This Job
Software Engineer ? File Systems This position is located in Pittsburgh, PA Summary: As a member of the Panasas File Systems engineering team, you will be working on the design and development of PanFS, an object based network attached storage system. Working with other5/18/2015 Pittsburgh, PA Save This Job
Requisition ID10414BR Job TitleEmbedded Staff SW Engineer LocationCalifornia - LitePoint - Sunnyvale HR-CA100 Employment CategoryRegular Full Time Duties & ResponsibilitiesEmbedded engineers are responsible for developing Linux/Windows/MAC multi-platform distributed systems6/8/2015 Sunnyvale, CA Save This Job
Job Summary Firm58 is looking for a bright, driven individual to be a part of our Operations team. The ideal candidate should have experience managing Linux servers (RedHat, Centos and Debian), desktop environments (Windows, Mac and Linux), Apache web servers, Oracle WebLogic5/27/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
Location:Salt Lake city, UT Exempt/Non-Exempt:Non-Exempt Benefits:Yes - See Benefits Tab on Career Home Page Employment Type:Full Time Department:Technical Support Description:Penguin Computing, Inc. - The Leader in Scalable, High-Performance Linux Systems. We are a Fremont,5/18/2015 Salt Lake city, UT Save This Job
About the company:NetBase is a world-class social analytics start-up, chosen by world-famous brands such as Coca Cola, Nespresso, Ralph Lauren, Yum Foods and Nickelodeon to deliver social, live analytics for action â through industry leading speed and accuracy.Located in6/16/2015 Mountain View, CA Save This Job
Summary : Vanu Inc, is seeking a Senior Platform Software Engineer (3-5 years experience) to be a key team member focused on realtime software for a family of cellular base station products. Required skills are a mix of Linux kernel knowledge, experience porting to multiple6/29/2015 Cambridge, MA Save This Job
Lattice Engines is looking for a high-caliber, well-rounded technology professional with experience designing and managing various server and network technologies to join its SaaS Operations group. The candidate will be instrumental in the design, implementation and management5/18/2015 Boston, MA Save This Job
Location: Pittsburgh, PA Updated: August 6th, 2014 Title: Senior Embedded Engineer Type: Contract to Hire Reports To: Director of Engineering Description: Our ideal candidate for this position is an experienced embedded design engineer who is motivated and a self-starter5/5/2015 Pittsburgh, PA Save This Job
MaxPoint is currently seeking a highly motivated and talented Quality Assurance Analyst to join our growing Research and Development team. The ideal candidate will have a demonstrated knowledge of the Agile development process and should have been responsible for product5/3/2015 Austin, TX Save This Job
MaxPoint is currently seeking a highly motivated and talented Quality Assurance Analyst to join our growing Research and Development team. The ideal candidate will have a demonstrated knowledge of the Agile development process and should have been responsible for product5/3/2015 Morrisville, NC Save This Job
SOC Analyst Did you take a class that covered incident response and thought âI want to work in this space!â⦠or perhaps you follow a security blog which has driven you to crave a career in Information Security. Youâre at a point in your career where you want5/21/2015 Waltham, MA Save This Job
Zuora is looking for a passionate and motivated Sr. Operations Engineers to work with our innovative product teams. The successful candidate will use their experience in systems administration for Unix/Windows environments for automating the management in the cloud. This includes7/1/2015 Foster City, CA Save This Job
SoFi, Engineering, United States Location Helena , MT 59601, United States Employment Type Full Time Qualification Degree or above Experience Experienced Description We are seeking a skilled DevOps Engineer who loves automation and cloud to join our growing team in Helena. The6/22/2015 Helena, MT Save This Job
Location:Renton, WA Job Code:340 # of openings:1 Description Lead Software Developer (C/C++) RESPONSIBILITIES Work on innovative functionality of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers and Parallels Cloud Server with strong focus at high performance storage and file systems. Design6/10/2015 Renton, WA Save This Job
Job description Violin Memory is seeking an experienced software engineer to join its System Kernel/IO core SW team. Candidate shall be responsible for maintaining existing software including kernel and application components as well as adding/extending features. Candidate shall5/27/2015 Santa Clara, CA Save This Job


text:
Sports Rules and Regulations
Letting 'armchair officials' rule is a recipe for disaster
Someday soon, golf is going to regret letting people watching from home phone in rules violations. Consider what happened at this year's Masters a dry run.Monday, 17 June, 2013, 4:35am
Campaign against slow play must move into higher gear
There is no reason golf should take this long to play. That's why players at Merion for the US Open received a notice when they registered that warned about pace of play. The fear was that slow play was damaging the game's popularity, and the instructions in the notice could not have been clearer: "Be observant, reach your decision quickly and execute your shots with promptness and dispatch."16 Jun 2013 - 9:51am
'Disgrace' as Persibo force referee to stop match
Cash-strapped Indonesian side Persibo laid themselves open to accusations of an appalling lack of sportsmanship last night when their AFC Cup match against Sunray Cave Sun Hei at Mong Kok Stadium was abandoned midway through the second half last night, with the visitors trailing 8-0 and down to six men.10 Apr 2013 - 5:23am
Jolly good show but for the ending
It has been a long trek to AsiaWorld-Expo this past week, but it has been well worth it on two counts - it has opened my eyes to why equestrianism will never be a mainstream sport and reinforced the belief that big names are what draw the crowds in Hong Kong.10 Mar 2013 - 4:35am
Humble coin toss will confound fight against football graft
How much is a coin toss worth? Can foolishly faking a frivolous flip and flick of a thin metallic disc prove financially tempting? You bet. Five years ago, the going rate was 100,000 yuan (HK$124,000).1 Mar 2013 - 4:53am
Wenger appoints German debt collector at Arsenal
Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger revealed his faith in German economic efficiency by saying it was the reason why defender Per Mertesacker had become the club's debt collector.24 Jan 2013 - 3:09am
Rational Ref: Time to get serious on 'shirty' acts
When players get 'shirty' with refereeing decisions, they usually stand naked in their protests. But when players are cautioned for going shirtless there are growing threads of suspicion that those, including referees, without a strip of common sense who blindly accept Fifa's rule, have the wool pulled over their eyes.18 Jan 2013 - 4:27am
English Premier League clubs wary ahead of January transfer window
Wariness of Uefa's Financial Fair Play rules and concerns about a lack of value in the market mean the Premier League's top clubs will proceed with caution when the January transfer window opens next week.29 Dec 2012 - 3:35am
Soccer referees urged to take action over obstruction at set pieces
The trouble with set plays is that players are set in their troublesome ways. At corner kicks, players are so conditioned to holding, pushing and blocking that they have inadvertently contributed to the problem of obstruction. So what happens when push comes to shove?28 Dec 2012 - 4:18am
Rogge fails to inspire generation touched by tragedy
The motto of these Games is 'inspire a generation' but there has been a volley of cries in London to remember the last. The call to do so is ringing painfully in the ears of IOC chief Jacques Rogge, a former Olympic sailor who has so far enjoyed plain sailing at these Games. Sure, there were white tops to the waves - security and seating - as the London Games navigated out of the harbour.15 Aug 2012 - 11:20pm
Let the people choose
1 Tai chi15 Aug 2012 - 10:58pm
Ditch corporate excess for the democratic Games
Before its start, the London Olympics was billed as the Austerity Games, given the scraping together of coppers from the UK's collective piggy bank to stage the 30th Olympiad during the global recession.
But as the row over the corporates' hold over the Games rages, the claim that this is the Spartan Olympics is wearing increasingly thin.15 Aug 2012 - 10:42pm
Ding-dong merrily, high on sport
Big Ben, the most famous bell in the world, will today toll 40 times to usher in the Olympics. For the first time since the funeral of King George VI in 1952, the bass notes from the iconic clock tower on the north bank of the Thames will divert from its regular strikes and instead manically peel across the capital to celebrate the start of the Games.27 Jul 2012 - 12:00am
Why the NFL is a lot like China
One week ago the United States was in a perilous state. Fear ruled the country as two seemingly irresolvable issues loomed ominously like the grim reaper's scythe.31 Jul 2011 - 12:00am
Gymnasts red-faced over sports judge probe
Tempers flared online after a Chinese gymnastics judge was accused by the sport's international ruling body of manipulating scores to help a mainland athlete win a gold medal at last year's Guangzhou Asian Games.19 Mar 2011 - 12:00am


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This year marks the ICAB's 20th Anniversary. In June 7, 1995, Republic Act 8043 otherwise known as the Philippine Inter-country Adoption Act of 1995 was passed into law. The law created the Inter-country Adoption Board as the Central Authority in matters relating to the inter-country adoption of Filipino children and as the policy making body for purposes of carrying-out the convention requirement (Article II Section 4 of RA 8043).
New Members of the Inter-Country Adoption Board (ICAB)
On April 21, 2015, President Aquino appointed new members of the Inter-Country Adoption Board for a term of six years: Antonia C. Siy (psychologist), Rosario B. dela Rosa (registered social worker), Maria Gabriela R. Concepcion (lawyer), Eric Remegio O. Panga (lawyer), Ma. Teresa R. Nuqui (NGO) and Maria Carolina T. Legarda (NGO).
The new Board members took their oath of office on May 4, 2015 before Secretary Corazon Juliano Soliman, Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Ex Officio Chair of the Inter-Country Adoption Board.
Training on Intercountry Adoption Program
The ICAB's Training on Inter-country Adoption (ICA) Program among our local stakeholders is part of ICAB's advocacy and networking functions as well as its commitment to increase their level of functionality. The Capacity Building Package on ICA Program aims to strengthen the social workers' capability in handling adoption cases particularly those which will go through the inter-country adoption route. The activity is scheduled for April 13-17, 2015 to be held at Diamond Suites and Residences(#8 Apitong corner Escario Streets, Cebu City. Expected participants areRegion VIII social workers from the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Non-Governmental Organization: Child Caring/Child Placing Agencies (NGO CCAs/CPAs), Regional Trial Court/Family Court (RTC/FC), Local Government Units/Local Social Welfare and Development Offices (LGUs/LSWDOs – Provincial, City, Municipal) and hospitals.
The Intercounrtry Adoption Board (ICAB), the Central Authority in intercountry adoption in the Philippines under Republic Act 8043, announce the vacancy for seven (7) support staff position namely: Sr. Administrative Assistant I (1); Administrative Assistant V (1); Administrative Assistant IV(2); Administrative Assistant III (1); Administrative Assistant II (1); and Administrative Aide VI (1) with the corresponding minimum qualification standards:
Education : Graduate of any four year course
Experience : 2-3 years relevant experience
Eligibility : Civil Service Eligible
Interested candidates may send in their resume specifying the position they are applying for with their complete credentials such as, Personal Data Sheet, NBI Clearance, Transcript of Records, Diploma, Medical Certificate, Drug Test, Psychological Evaluation, Certificate of Eligibility, and apply personally at the address specified below on or before March 16 2015
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is once again spearheading the observance of Adoption Consciousness Celebration this February 2015 with the theme ,"Legal na Ampon Ako: Anak na Totoo". (A Child Finds Worth in Legal Adoption).
ICAB, the Central Authority on Inter-Country Adoption of the Philippines supports the DSWD's continuing adoption advocacy efforts to raise awareness of the general public on legal adoption.
January 15 to 19, 2015 have been declared special non-working days in view of the visit of Pope Francis to the Philippines. During this period the ICAB office will be closed. We will begin normal operations on January 20, 2015.
Vacancy for New Set of Board Members for the Inter-Country Adoption Board (ICAB)
General criteria for the selection of the new set of Board members are:
The Board shall be selected primarily on the requirements provided for by Section 5 of RA 8043: "Composition of the Board. — The Board shall be composed of the Secretary of the Department as ex officio Chairman, and six (6) other members to be appointed by the President for a nonrenewable term of six (6) years: Provided, That there shall be appointed one (1) psychiatrist or psychologist, two (2) lawyers who shall Continue reading
For Victims of Typhoon Yolanda
The Intercountry Adoption Board is coordinating the collection of stuffed toys for distribution to the children in Tacloban City and other affected areas. It is a small contribution but it may help the young traumatized children have something to hug at this time. You may drop off the stuffed toys at 2 Chicago corner Ermin Garcia Streets, Cubao Quezon City and call us at 7219781. Other details will be posted at www.icab.gov.ph
12th Global Consultation on Child Welfare Services
WHAT : 12th Global Consultation on Child Welfare Service
WHEN : August 14-16, 2013
WHERE : The Manila Hotel, Manila Philippines
Continue reading


text:
What is a white round tablet that has a cross cut on one side and M724 on the other side?
- Posted:
- 2 May 2011 by sjones8453
- Topics:
- pill id
Answers (1)
2 May 2011
Pill imprint M 724 has been identified as Tizanidine hydrochloride 4 mg.
Tizanidine is used in the treatment of muscle spasm; cluster headaches and belongs to the drug class skeletal muscle relaxants. Risk cannot be ruled out during pregnancy.
Tizanidine 4 mg is not subject to the Controlled Substances Act.
Click on the link to view an image of the pill:
Take care.-
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text:
Talk:Just a Kiss (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Just a Kiss (song) has been listed as one of the Music good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it.
|Current status: Good article
|This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Just a Kiss (song) article.
Article policies
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Requested move[edit]
- The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.
The result of the move request was: page moved. There seems to be clear consensus, and no activity for ten days. — Amakuru (talk) 22:20, 26 June 2013 (UTC) (non-admin closure)
– This is most certainly not the primary topic. In fact, I don't think any of the articles are! 184.108.40.206 (talk) 13:28, 15 June 2013 (UTC)
- Support. Looking at this page and the disambiguation page, there doesn't seem to be a clear primary topic. User:Paul Erik moved the disambiguation page to Just a Kiss (disambiguation) without any discussion in 2011, with the edit summary "song is likely the primary topic now". I think Paul Erik made a good-faith error by assuming it was a noncontroversial move; it should probably have been reverted back then. Knight of Truth (talk) 22:07, 15 June 2013 (UTC)
- Yes, it was a while ago so it's hard to remember, but my thinking at the time must have been that the Lady Antebellum song was much more popular than the two films that were listed at the time, and I probably checked the page-view stats too. I have no objection to the proposed moves. Paul Erik (talk)(contribs) 17:11, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
- Support per nom -- 184.108.40.206 (talk) 06:40, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
- Comment the disambiguation page should be separated into two, with a new disambiguation page for just 1 kiss -- 22.214.171.124 (talk) 06:56, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
- It's been done at Just One Kiss. Paul Erik (talk)(contribs) 17:11, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
- The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.