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SPORTING Club Albion Girls' Centre of Excellence have announced dates for open trials in June.
The registration process is now open and players of all ages can apply online.
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Captain Mahela Jayawardene hit an unbeaten 65 to lead Sri Lanka to a nine-wicket victory over West Indies in their World Twenty20 Super Eight match at Pallekele on Saturday.
Jayawardene made little of the West Indies total of 129 for five, as he hit 10 fours and a six in his 49-ball innings which earned him the man-of-the-match award.
The Sri Lanka skipper and Kumar Sangakkara (39 not out), figured in an unbroken second-wicket stand of 108 off 75 balls to surpass the West Indies total with 28 balls to spare.
In Image: Sri Lanka's captain Mahela Jayawardene, left, shakes hands with West Indies' player Chris Gayle, center, after their win
Text: Reuters
Images: AP

subset: commoncrawl


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|Reviews for Ratchet & Clank Future II: In Search Of Clank
| SonicGeekFreak chapter 1 . 5/24/2013
I really enjoyed reading this. It's like reading a book. I feel bad for Ratchet having to go through a long adventure without breaks and such _ I was wondering if you've updated yet? i finished reading up to 27 but i want to see what happens next pleeeaasseee o
| Spriggs272 chapter 27 . 1/4/2013
I just randomly stumbled across this piece of work and I have to say ... I am impressed.
Interesting story, brilliant character development and a solid writing style. I can just hope that this story isn't abandoned since the last update was just under a couple of years ago.
| Geinea Lombax chapter 27 . 10/1/2011
You finally updated! WooT! D What an epic chapter as well! I had a lot of fun reading. Love it!
| aduck1 chapter 27 . 9/24/2011
More, more, more!
| Blazichu chapter 27 . 9/5/2011
I'm guessing that I missed out on reading a chapter or two, since I was a little lost while reading this; I'll have to go back and (re)read the last few chapters to catch up. The segment between Qwark and Al was great; there were plenty of little details that made me laugh, which was a nice break from some of the more serious pieces.
And "Holy Hannibal Lecture!" Do I spy a fellow troper?
I'll occupy myself with reviewing the latest chapters, but I'll still be eagerly awaiting your next update. ;D
| ITman496 chapter 27 . 9/5/2011
Great so far! I cant wait to finally see aphie again, lol.
And I do feel bad for poor Slim. I hope he gets business still, he seems lonely.
| Rogue147 chapter 26 . 3/15/2011
Love It! Love It ! Love It!
| thingsthatwanderaway chapter 26 . 12/26/2010
Whoa, wait, were was Ratchet in this whole chapter?
And could someone give me a summary of this, because I got lost after the middle endish part.
| ReaverClankAlice and SlyCooper chapter 26 . 12/25/2010
O... M... G... THIS IS CRAZY! Yes it's also crazy good.
| Stephen Stryker chapter 1 . 11/7/2010
Hey guys, I thought I'd give everyone an update, since this is taking a small eternity.
We had a small family tragedy a few months ago - well... a big one - and between that, my job trying to kill me and losing way too much sleep, I haven't had the ability to write since. However, I am getting a big vacation soon, one way or another, and not long from now, I'm hoping to finish up this monster of a chapter (26) and get the story moving again.
There are going to be a few detours along the way. After all, it's a big universe, everyone's sort of floundering around in their own direction, and Ratchet is going nuts trying to dig up a hint of a clue. All the while, poor nano-Clank is doing everything he can to keep his friend alive, and resisting the urge to give away crucial secrets. And then there's Clank himself, struggling with the burden of his master plan, worrying whether some small slip would doom everyone, and seal the fate of the Multiverse. Gee, and on top of all that, then there's Tachyon, and what he's up to...
I don't think anyone has set up a more impossible situation for any character to overcome. When they all come face to face with the dreadful ultimate challenge... well, that's going to be one heck of a tale.
Stay tuned, faithful readers, I'll be back soon. ;-)
| BlackDragon01 chapter 26 . 11/6/2010
I love this story so fucking much. Ican't wait for the next chapters to come out:)
| Ratchet Soulraven chapter 16 . 6/27/2010
Why have we been waiting 6 months for another chapter? Because there aren't enough reviews!
Come on people, this is awesome stuff. It looks like J. has serious rival.
Please update.
| Geinea Lombax chapter 26 . 4/11/2010
Wow you wrote 40 pages? OMG no wonder they're so long and prefect. _ It's ok if you take a long time to up-date I can wait along with everyone else. You have all the time in the world, plus your writing skills is incredibly amazing! And don't worry about turning it into a soap opera _ I don't a have problem with that. Even though I can wait for another chapter, I'm still pretty edgy of what might happen to Ratchet, Clank, Sasha, Angela, and everyone else. By the way, I know this a stupid question but what the heck is a "Operation Banana Peel"? Tachyon was bragging about it in chapter 25...
| Ratchet Soulraven chapter 1 . 2/25/2010
The best R&C story ever, i love reading them so much. One thing, please put a torture scene in that Tachyon mentioned, and can Ratchet get tortured please? I sound stupid, but hardcore readers love that stuff. Thank you ever so much for this.
| Babywarrior5 chapter 26 . 2/11/2010
Quite honestly, I think this is my single favorite peice in the Ratchet and Clank fic archive! I'm just in awe everytime I read a chapter at the little details and how much depth every single thing and character has. It's absolutely astounding! In my opinion, the only other stories that rival this in terms of complexity are Paul G's stuff. More of my favorites! I don't really know what else to say, haha, because I'm afraid of sounding like some kind of obnoxious fangirl, but this is really superb.
Believe me, I'm groveling on my knees for another chapter to this!


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Bengals DT Geno Atkins injures knee, out for game
Cincinnati Bengals Pro Bowl defensive tackle Geno Atkins injured his knee late in the second quarter and was taken to the locker room. The team announced that Atkins would not return to the game.
On the play where Atkins was injured, his right knee got twisted under a mound of players. Atkins was then helped to the sideline by teammates Jermaine Gresham and Alex Smith. Atkins didn't stay on the sideline long though, he was carted to the locker room with 4:35 left in the second quarter.
The Bengals originally announced that Atkins return was questionable, but after evaluating him in the locker room, the team ruled that he would be out for the game.
Going into Thursday night's game with Miami, Atkins was the Bengals team-leader in sacks on the season with five. Atkins added to that total with a first quarter sack of Dolphins quarterback Ryan Tannehill.
Geno Atkins on cart. Just went into x-ray room at Sun Life Stadium: pic.twitter.com/D20sXjIMpC— Joe Danneman (@FOX19Joe) November 1, 2013


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This Day in Jewish History / Boy goes missing in Italy sparking blood libel
Two-year-old Christian boy called Simon goes missing in Trent, leading to torture and execution of eight Jews. Little Simon was later elevated to sainthood.
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On March 23, 1475, the Thursday before Easter, a two-year-old boy named Simon went missing from his family's home in Trent, Italy. On Easter Sunday, his body was found – according to the version that quickly passed through the community, in the basement of the home of a Jewish family.
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Dennis Homes
Since 1961, Dennis Homes has been renovating, remodeling and building new homes in the Jacksonville area. The company carefully selects and builds only in exceptional communities with outstanding attributes and amenities. Dedicated to building quality homes and to selling them for the best possible value, the company offers exciting curb-appeal elevations and open and contemporary floor plans. Dennis Homes prides itself on providing immediate attention to customers and offering flexibility in design, finishes and decorating. Dennis Homes' goal is total customer satisfaction and a great buying experience.
Tour their Model HomeThe Charleston (2013 Parade of Homes Gold Award Recipient)
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St. Johns, FL 32259
Hours: Mon-Sat 10 am-6 pm, Sun 12 pm-6 pm
Map and Directions
Mattamy Homes
Ever since Mattamy Homes built their first home in 1978, they have aspired to create an enjoyable home-buying experience for each and every homeowner. With over 50,000 homes in over 150 communities in Canada and across the United States, Mattamy is still involved in various aspect of neighborhood planning. They acquire the land, design the homes and strive to deliver a quality home with exceptional customer service. Mattamy also constantly looks for ways to improve what they do. The better they are at it, the more they will succeed.


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I am Honest, reliable, and fun
Join OkCupid
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28 • Fukaya, Japan • Man
I'm looking for
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- Ages 20–26
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating, casual sex
My details
- Last online
- Today – 1:19am
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Height
- 5′ 8″ (1.73m)
- Body Type
- Average
- Smokes
- No
- Drinks
- Socially
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Christianity, but not too serious about it
- Sign
- Capricorn, but it doesn't matter
- Education
- Graduated from university
- Job
- Banking / Finance
- Income
- $30,000–$40,000
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- Single
- Offspring
- Wants kids
- Pets
- Likes dogs
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- English
My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
I enjoy doing active things most of the times such as grabing a football and going to throw it, or going bowling, but at the same time I love to just sit back and watch some tv or just surf the web.
I am Honest, reliable, and fun
I am Honest, reliable, and fun
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
I just moved back to the U.S from Korea. I taught English in Korea for the past year really happy to be home but miss Korea too. I am currently looking for a career in Recruiting/HR and trying to start the next phase of my life.
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
Im really good at helping people out, if you ask me to help you with something chances are im gonna say yes and come help, I never let a friend do something alone if they need help doing something.
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How awesome my smile is? maybe or my dry since of humor.
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Help your potential matches find common interests.
I Love the Avatar movie wow that was really good. I also enjoy most scifi movies and books, Also anything that can make me laugh has to be a good one not anything specific but all of them that get the job done.
The six things I could never do without
Think outside the box. Sometimes the little things can say a lot.
Really cant think of the other two but if i do ill let you know
Really cant think of the other two but if i do ill let you know
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
I think alot about my life, trying to figure out what my plans are for the future.
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
I usually spend Friday nights with my friends so if you find them you find me. Every Friday is different for me.
The most private thing I'm willing to admit
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
Im not, you can learn those things if we meet.
You should message me if
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If you think I sound at all interesting, or even if you dont and just wanna talk.
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I've said it before and I'll say it again: When it comes to TV, plot is not important.
That thought rang out while watching the fourth episode of this season of "Orange Is The New Black" the other night. (Yes, I'm "behind," or whatever that means in the days of bingewatching. Whatever.) Very little has technically "happened" this season, but I have really loved it so far. No two shows do plot the same, but to be sure, no matter what program it is, it's always and ever the least important aspect of what makes it successful.


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Young Fathers weren't involved in the business end of the betting for the Mercury Music Prize, but don't be fooled - this was not a serious upset.
It wasn't quite the token jazz act winning the award, and it wasn't quite Speech Debelle but there were audible gasps inside London's Roundhouse when Edinburgh-based hip-hop band Young Fathers were announced as the winner of the Mercury Music Prize on Wednesday (October 29, 2014).
Young Fathers' Dead won Scottish Album of the Year in June
Music fans and journalists had expected the winner of the annual prize to be a straight tussle between FKA Twigs and Kate Tempest, though Young Fathers - whose album Dead was heralded by the music press upon release - was the surprise name on Nick Grimshaw's lips.
Continue reading: Mercury Music Prize: In Defence of Young Fathers
The Scottish trio edged out eleven other nominees, including Damon Albarn and FKA twigs, to win the grand prize.
Scottish trio Young Fathers have won this year's Mercury Music Prize. Their debut album DEAD received the final nod from the judges when the announcement was made by Nick Grimshaw at London's iconic Roundhouse venue on Wednesday evening.
Young Fathers won the Mercury Music Prize on Wednesday
When the group was interviewed by More4's Alice Levine a matter of seconds after scooping the prize, the members sounded rather shocked and lost for words, stating "it's positive". Their acceptance speech was similarly abrupt, simply saying "thank you, we love you, we love you all, thank you". When asked what they intended to do with their £20,000 prize, the group's 'G' Hastings implied that they hadn't really considered the eventuality of winning it.
Continue reading: Young Fathers Win The Mercury Music Prize
Tahliah Barnett - Photographs from the 2014 Barclaycard Mercury Prize which Edinburgh based Hip-Hop band 'Young Fathers' took away the nights main award at The Roundhouse in London, United Kingdom - Wednesday 29th October 2014
FKA Twigs and Kate Tempest are the market frontrunners for the Mercury Music Prize 2014, though East India Youth could upset the odds.
Bookmakers will be hoping for a surprise result at the Mercury Music Prize on Wednesday night (October 29, 2014) as punters continue to back favourites FKA Twigs and Kate Tempest. The latest odds have the former as the narrow frontrunner at 5/2, with Brockley-born singer-songwriter Tempest available at 3/1 for her album Everybody Down.
FKA Twigs remains the favourite to win the Mercury Music Prize tonight
FKA Twigs' record LP1 is one of the year's most critically acclaimed records, though Tempest's foray into hip-hop has seen her selected by the Poetry Book Society as one of the 20 next generation poets. She also won the Ted Hughes award for her work Brand New Ancients.
Continue reading: FKA Twigs Favourite to Win Mercury Music Prize as Bookies Pray for Upset
The nominations are out, but which of the twelve nominees stands the best chance of winning?
The 24th edition of the annual Barclaycard Mercury Prize is due to be held on Wednesday 29th October at London's Roundhouse.
Last week we brought you our analysis of who we thought would make the dozen-strong shortlist from which the judges will pick the eventual winner. We got five out of the twelve correct, not bad as many pundits have expressed surprise at the relative obscurity of this year's list in comparison to previous awards.
Only two of the nominated albums have reached the Number 1 spot in the UK Albums Chart, and only one nominee can realistically call himself a household name. There has also been a surprising snub for Sam Smith, who has made a huge impression on the British public's imagination, with his debut album In The Lonely Hour sitting at the top the charts four months after its release.
Continue reading: Our Guide To This Year's Mercury Music Prize Nominations
East India Youth will go up against Damon Albarn and Royal Blood at the Mercury Music Prize ceremony.
The debut solo album from Damon Albarn has been nominated for the Barclaycard Mercury Music Prize 2014. The list of nominees - better than last year but still mostly uninspiring - also includes Kate Tempest, Royal Blood and Nick Mulvey. Hilariously, the Independent reports on Ed Sheeran and Lily Allen "missing out".
Damon Albarn is nominated for 'Everyday Robots'
This year's list of nominees also includes Anna Calvi, One Breath, Bombay Bicycle Club, So Long, See You Tomorrow, FKA Twigs, LP1, GoGo Penguin, v2.0, Jungle, Jungle, Polar Bear, In Each and Every One, Young Fathers, Dead.
Continue reading: East India Youth is Smart Bet For 'Mercury Music Awards' 2014
Tahliah Debrett Barnett and FKA Twigs - Barclaycard Mercury Prize - Albums of the Year Nominations - London, United Kingdom - Wednesday 10th September 2014
Nick Mulvey - Barclaycard Mercury Prize - Album of the Year Nominations - London, United Kingdom - Wednesday 10th September 2014
The 24th edition of the annual Mercury Music Prize will be hosted on 29th October, where a winner will be picked from twelve nominees who will be announced tomorrow afternoon at 5:30pm.
The nominations for the Mercury Music Prize are set to be announced tomorrow afternoon. Twelve artists who have released albums between 10 September 2013 and 8 September 2014 will be selected by the panel of ten judges representing the British music industry.
Ed Sheeran could score a first Mercury nomination to add to his runaway commercial success
Every year there are selections from way out of left field, and deserved nominees who suffer injustice. So, ahead of the big reveal tomorrow, here are Contactmusic.com's picks for the 2014 shortlist, a combination of 'who we think should be nominated' and 'who we think will actually be nominated'.
Continue reading: Our Picks For The Mercury Nominations
Four became three, but that won't stop them
In an unexpected shakeup of one of 2013's most talked-about bands, Gwil Sainsbury left Alt-J following their Mercury win; but that doesn't mean the end for the now-three-piece formed in Leeds back in 2007, as they've stated their intention to soldier on.
The then-four-piece Alt-J at the Q Awards 2012
The band announced the founder and bassist's departure on Twitter, posting: "With regret, Gwil is leaving alt-J. This is purely a personal decision and as our best friend we support him completely," on the 11th of January.
Continue reading: Halt-J? No Way - Mercury Winners Alt-J Will Continue Despite Gwil Sainsbury Exit
Katy B - Barclaycard Mercury Prize held at the Roundhouse - Press Room - London, United Kingdom - Wednesday 30th October 2013
Arctic Monkeys - Barclaycard Mercury Prize held at the Roundhouse - Arrivals. - London, United Kingdom - Wednesday 30th October 2013
We're tipping Arctic Monkeys for a second Mercury Music Prize, but the bookies are sticking with Laura Mvula's 'Sing to the Moon.'
Laura Mvula's debut albumSing To The Moon, one of the contenders for the BBC Sound of 2013 title, could claim a far more lucrative and career-defining prize at London's Roundhouse tonight.
Laura Mvula Is The Favourite For the Barclaycard Mercury Music Prize
For weeks, Disclosure's Settle has been the bookmakers' favorite to win the Barclaycard sponsored prize and £20,000 prize money, though on Wednesday Mvula's impressive record - a fusion of jazz, pop and even orchestral elements- was cut to just 4/6 with most bookies. Paddy Power are still holding strong with even money odds, but there's been an undeniable shift in who the bookmakers believe will win the Mercury Music Prize, presented by Lauren Laverne tonight.
Continue reading: Is Laura Mvula The Winner of The Mercury Music Prize 2013?
Kevin Shields has a word or two of advice for those getting over-excited about Mercury Prize nominations.
Kevin Shields, the singer and guitarist with the influential shoegaze band My Bloody Valentine, has accused the Mercury Music Prize of "banning" his band's music from consideration for the award.
Sheilds' band were left off this year's shortlist - announced on Thursday (September 12, 2013) - in favour of a slew of more commercial acts including the Arctic Monkeys, Jake Bugg, Laura Mvula and Rudimental. The move angered the legendary guitarist who claimed his group were being ignored for self-releasing their last album and bypassing Apple, Amazon and the major record deals.
"Isn't Mercury a phone company or something, anyway? What's that got to do with music?" Shields said in an exclusive interview with The Guardian, "We're banned by them, and do you know why? Because we're not on Amazon or iTunes. That's one of the qualifying criteria. You have to have major distribution or be on iTunes or Amazon."
Continue reading: "God Help Them" - Is Kevin Shields Right About The Mercury Music Prize?
Congrats to the Scotch quartet, Alt-J! The alternative indie act have pretty much been the favourite for the prize since the nominations were released, and now they have proven all their backers right.
Despite having been around since 2007, forming when they met at Leeds University, Alt-J have steadily risen to success with little fan-fair but plenty of talent. 2012 really seems to have been their year, with the release of their first major studio album, 'An Awesome Wave', which is the record that has just won The Mercury Prize. Despite it not charting higher than number 18 in any country, the judges for the prize disregarded this and consider it to be an exemplary specimen of British music. Despite the album title sounding like something to come out of the mouth of a dread-locked Californian clad in tye-die, their album really is rather British. With driving riffs, complex lyricism and a shoe-gazy atmosphere, theirs is an accumulation of the sounds that have dominated the alternative music scene over the past few of years.
Speaking to the Guardian in August this year, Alt-J's keyboardist, Gus Unger-Hamilton said: "We've got this far with pretty much nobody knowing anything about us". With this accolade under their belts this apparent anonymity will be short lived.


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Originally written on No Holds Barred | Last updated 8/30/9
On this edition of No Holds Barred, host Eddie Goldman begins by explaining how the lords of boxing completely blew an opportunity this past weekend to showcase a number of top fights and fighters to large audiences on free television, while another event, the UFC, was having another expensive pay-per-view. If you were one of the few to have viewed the Brian Viloria-Jesus Iribe fight, for example, you were in select company, although for now this fight is available on YouTube.The battle for boxing to maintain whatever little credibility it has left by having a rematch between Paulie Malignaggi and Juan Diaz, in New York, and with neutral officials, continues. While the lords of boxing are trying to salvage business models based on obsolete technology, the real boxing fans are utilizing current mass technology to organize against the injustice which occurred August 22 when Diaz was awarded a lopsided unanimous decision over Malignaggi in a fight which the vast majority of observers t...
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will be better by today, also try not to compare it to idle mine, and for the number spacing, also coming today, it has already been suggested.
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School of Global, Urban and Social Studies
The School of Global, Urban and Social Studies is a multidisciplinary leader in delivering education, training and research that contribute to a just and sustainable world.
Located in the heart of Melbourne on RMIT's City campus, the School of Global, Urban and Social Studies (GUSS) is one of RMIT's largest schools and provides programs from certificates to PhDs.About
Our teaching areas
The School of Global, Urban and Social Studies is multi-disciplinary and offers education and training in a variety of programs and courses.
View the listOur teaching areas
The School of Global, Urban and Social Studies engages in research across diverse areas and its research responds to the needs of our time and is engaged with communities.Research
Industry and community engagement, including publications, in Global, Urban and Social Studies.Industry
Latest news in the School of Global, Urban and Social StudiesNews
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Key content
Jordan Lockett completed the Bachelor of Social Work (Honours) to help make a difference in the lives of people who have been impacted by mental illness.
Languages can complement your degree
Interested in learning a new language or keeping up the language you learnt in high school? You can study the Diploma of Languages concurrently with many RMIT programs or take up a Language elective.
Home help
Guy Johnson was only 24 and fresh out of university when he walked into his first boarding house to scenes that would change him forever.
Embrace A Sustainable Future Captions
Embrace a sustainable future. What can you do with an environment degree?
Research translates into interpreting programs
Unique initiatives in Translating and Interpreting have extended the RMIT program's reach to online communities regionally and globally.
Meet the staff - Centre for Global Research
The Centre for Global Research at RMIT University is committed to rethinking the relationship between the global and the local, with particular focus on development, governance and conflict.
Pathways in International and Community Services
Build skills before you start a degree. The School of Global, Urban and Social Studies offers a selection of guaranteed pathways to further study.
Looking for…?
Latest news
RMIT hosts child protection launch
RMIT social work students met with government representatives as part of a new campaign to recruit more than 110 child protection workers for Victoria.
Post-doctoral position in urban research
The Centre for Urban Research at RMIT University seeks highly capable and motivated applicants for a post-doctoral position in Urban Research based at RMIT Europe in Barcelona, Spain.
Global partners develop tools for climate change impacted communities
Global migration due to climate change could have a positive impact on those who choose to stay in their homeland.


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my early pregnancy symptoms
l had bitter mouth like nothing tasted so good for me,my breast is firm but not swallen,freguent urination,high body temperature,craving for food and easily go hungry
Posted: 08/23/2007 by berth_agye
Mom Answers
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im 7 days late for my period I have had irregular periods but it haven't been for this long before, I have had all the symptoms I have before im about to come on. I have had sex 3 days after my missed period to try and bring it down but it didn't work normally it does. while having sex I have had to stop because it started to hurt I waited a couple of minutes and then the pain went away. I haven't tested yet because a lot of people say wait 10 days. I have had gas I have been feeling bloated my nipples are sore my breast are swollen as if they are when im about to come on i have discharge I have been moody and craving spicy foods. I really don't want to test right away because im afraid I may not be and me and my husband have been trying.:( Help Please.!posted 08/20/2013 by harristawana694
Can I be pregnant without an elevated BBTposted 08/16/2013 by startingoveragain36
If you are experiencing all the Brest sore and the back pain and you have sex and this symptoms go always is it bad?posted 08/06/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
It has been 4 weeks since possible conception. For the past few weeks I have been moody, hungry alot more often, I had some light spotting, my boobs are alot fuller but do not hurt, I am bloated all the time, and I have had some nausea but have not actually thrown up. All the tests I have taken have came back negative. Could it still be too early to test positive? Help?!?posted 08/03/2013 by randibree
I'm eating fast usually I don't I'm peeing more I'm not flat I'm having gas sometimes I burp and I can't go poo sometimes and I felt Nausea few days ago and my boobs were in pain like breathing is it the veins growing inside to make the milk or??posted 08/01/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
Im having all those symptoms as well and my period did come but late n light n only lasted two.days I have taken severa at home tests with negative results I really wish I knew. Everyone is telling me I am but I want proofposted 08/01/2013 by kloe0711
I am fatigued and when I fight sleep I have headaches, have to pee more than normal and my breast tingle at times, I stay queasy and hungry. Im moody I snap easily and I always feel like crying and i can barely finish a sentence.posted 07/24/2013 by NettaNette
My wife is my cousin and heart disease in our family is seen(our futhers and his mother and his sister). we are so worry for decison of having a child.what;s your opinion?!!!!posted 07/20/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
i don`t know i also would like to know if am pregnentposted 07/01/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
I have mild cramping I get light headed and nauseous i even puked a few time I'm very fatigued idk if I'm pregnant or not because I haven't had a period in four years I took two home pregnancy test two weeks ago and they both came out negative could i still be pregnant should I take another testposted 07/01/2013 by a BabyCenter Member
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Personal validation comes from paying attention to one another, giving more than you get. Everyone respects you and themselves, despite our amazing range of personal tastes and interests. They'll tell you they don't agree with an idea or behavior without implying you're a bad person or somehow deficient. It's an "I'm OK, You're OK" kind of fellowship, where nobody tries to make himself look better by picking on somebody else.
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Started by Loren Miller. Last reply by Randall Smith May 27. 9 Replies 3 Likes
Well, considering all the RFRA bills popping up all over the United States, plus all the fun and games ISIS is bringing to the good folks in Syria and Iraq, Betty Bowers, the epitome of well-dressed christianity, has decided to clarify the true…Continue
Tags: persecution, ISIS, Religious Freedom, America's Best Christian, Betty Bowers
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Surreal, not just found in art.Continue
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My take on the recent melt down at Hang With Friends, of which I missed part, is that some of us were tripped up by a habit of thought. It's something we learn growing up, and use without realizing how much pain it can generate - failing to…Continue
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The FLDS Cult Is Unraveling"the internet is a lifeline for people trapped in the most restrictive and stifling forms of…Continue
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Ages ago (five or six years, I guess it is) when I first started recognizing my own atheism, one of the first atheist YouTubers I ran onto was Non Stamp Collector. His handiwork wasn't up to Disney's standards, nor even Hanna-Barbera, but his wit…Continue
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I used to work with a guy that was probably the most enjoyable person to talk to that I ever met. And, he had a great sense of humor. We could be talking about something very serious, and he would all of a sudden say something funny about it, and make me laugh.
I ask him how he got such a sense of humor, and he said his home life was so miserable, he had to develop a sense of humor or die.
In a couple of hours, with fear and trepidation, I'm signing papers that will use my 100 acre farm land as collateral for my organic farm kids to secure a major loan for their operation. To make money, or be successful, you have to invest. They're running their operation on shoe laces. And they want to expand--fruit trees, modern equipment, cattle, etc. At $8000/acre, we're talking ten times that in land value. But, it's a risk I'm willing to take. No pain, no gain.
I often wonder how people can come out of such an experience and be loving and kind.
Many people can't, but if you find one who can, listen and watch. I think such people have a special quality; they are hurt as often as anyone, but they remain unspoilt. Like this man http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Szpilman I read the book, and in an extra chapter one of his sons told how his father was a happy familyman and his children never even suspected that he had had such a bad past.
I love how your Ebony taught you!
Chris, What a horrid/sweet memory to carry and share! His experiences molded him. I often wonder how people can come out of such an experience and be loving and kind. Clearly, he means a lot to you.
I love the fact it was a black cat. My Ebony was a wonderful teacher. She taught me how to wean my babies, discipline them and care for them. She took no nonsense from her kittens and the two litters she adopted when my Calico turned out to be an unloving and uncaring mother of her kittens. I watched Ebony and would say, "OH! I can do that!" She kept them fed and clean, made sure they didn't get into dangerous situations, and when it was time, she wouldn't let them nurse.
Your father-i-l had to have experienced the depression in Europe. Then the war with armies marching across his country and planes bombing from above. It saddens me that they were USA bombs. At least that is what I assume.
Ian, Dury does have a way with words! Funny?
Try this one, Joan.
Loren, thanks for letting me know. I went to CBS online and it isn't posted yes, however, I know it is coming and look forward to seeing it.
Ian, that other Ian has a way with words. I couldn't understand some, but enough to get a good laugh throughout.
Glad to hear that things went well Carl.
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NYC - Financial Freedom Investor Orientation / Learn the Insider Secrets of Savvy Real Estate Investors!!
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StrategyHack - May 2014
Saturday, May 3, 2014 from 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM (EDT)
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at Stack Exchange HQ
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StrategyHack is a full-day event matching awesome startups with brilliant marketers to collaborate and create tailored marketing strategies.
The StrategyHack Showcase is a new take on the traditional presentation event model. New York's most ambitious new startups are now putting their updated marketing strategies on display for YOU to assess and evaluate. You'll get to know each startup founder individually while you learn about their inventive solutions for industries ranging from health care to online dating.
When you attend the StrategyHack Showcase at 6:00pm, you'll also have an opportunity to share food and drinks with some of the city's most forward-thinking marketing strategists who specialize in accelerating startup growth.
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StrategyHack teaches marketers to be leaders in problem-solving and strategy development through a live-action, hands-on workshop with real startups.
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Black History Museum CulturalRead MoreThe Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia tunes brain waves to more artistic frequencies with its exhibitions, artifacts, and art pieces all created by African Americans. Situated in an ornately adorned house built in the early 19th century, the museum features works by accomplished artists, such as the vibrant abstract art of Sam Gilliam, Harlem Renaissance murals by John Biggers, and P.H. Polk's iconic photography, as well as textiles and artifacts from various ethnic groups throughout Africa. Check the museum's calendar to align your schedule with ongoing events and rotating exhibitions.0 E Clay StRichmond, VA US


text: Home Gallery Video Bacardi Vegas Bacardi: Vegas Editor's Pick Rate this Ad You must be registered to rate the ad. Please Login or Register Now About CreditsDateMar 07, 2005Editorial Company:Cosmo StreetProduction Company:SmugglerOn-Line:Union EditorialAudio Post Production:Union EditorialClient:BacardiChief Creative Officer:David AngeloACD/Art Director:John DavisACD/Copywriter:Jim DiPiazzaSenior Copywriter:Tony SternSenior Agency Producer:Marlene WinderDirector:Brian BeleticExecutive Producer:Brian CarmodyProducer:Michele AbbottDirector of Photography:Joaquin Baca-AsayMix Engineer:Josh EichenbaumMusic Producer:Jeff CoteOnline Editor:Todd IorioAgency:David&Goliath Latest Creativity News on Ad Age Creativity Top 5: The Best Brand Ideas of the Week The Inside Story on Why Burger King Sells Red Burgers in Japan Moondog Signs McMorrow, Bieler Joins Reset and More Advertisement Ad Age Creativity Video Creativity Top 5 Learn more Related work Bacardi: The Spirit of Bacardi - graphic novel Bacardi: Ghost Shutter Exorcist Y&R Thailand Bacardi: The Prohibition Parties Johannes Leonardo Want to see your work in our gallery? Submit now


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Resolution: standard / high
Figure 2.
Coomassie blue staining of proteins resolved in 2-D gel and identification of P4HB via PMF. A, representative patterns of protein spots: a, cells in vehicle; b, cells in PSI; c or d, the isolated fraction of PSI-induced inclusions before and after protein gel spot picking from 2-D gel. B, identification of P4HB via PMF: a, an expanded full scan of PMF; b, the number of theoretically matched peptides and their sequences after preliminary identification via PMF against the single NCBInr database; c-e, comparable values of Mowse score after consistent identification via PMF against the multiple NCBInr, SwissProt, MSDB databases. Mowse score is -10×Log (P), where P is the probability that the observed match is a random event. Significance levels in the multiple databases are 61 in NCBInr branch, 51 in SwissProt branch and 56 in MSDB branch, respectively (p < 0.05). Close arrows indicate locations of the protein spots of interest in 2-D gel for identification, and theoretical sequences of the matched peptides for P4HB after identification.
Li et al. BMC Neuroscience 2010 11:95 doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-95


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Rainier L-shaped Workstation
Item #519354
The Rainier L-shaped workstation accents any room with its elegant design. It offers a great alternative for any corner work areas. Features include a spacious frosted glass surface and decorative legs made of heavy duty MDF panels. A front perforated metal panel gives privacy from the front to both sides and the pullout keyboard includes a safety stop.
- Tempered, frosted glass surface
- Decorative side MDF panels with matching power coated steel frame
- Pullout keyboard with safety stop
- CPU mobile caddy
- Ships in 2 boxes
- Assembly required
- 5 year Mfg. Warranty
- Computer and desk accessories pictured are not included
- Overall Dimensions: 64.5" W x 54.5" D x 29.5" H; Weight: 125 lbs.
Model: RTA-3803-GPH06
Collection Name: Rainer
Depth: 54.5 in.
Frame Material: Steel
Height: 29.5 in.
Model: RTA-3803-GPH06
Width: 64.5 in.
If you have any customer service questions, order status inquiries, concerns regarding defective product, assembly of furniture or product operation, please call 1-866-782-8262 and ask for the Customer Service Department related to Costco
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Well met at Audiko.net, where you can find hot ringtones for your phone. Today we have a ringtone of "Why Not Me" by Within Temptation as well as 929 other ringtones by Within Temptation. "Why Not Me" is the best track from the "The Unforgiving" album that was recorded and mixed by Within Temptation at their label together with other 29 tracks. You can listen to all 8 Within Temptation – "Why Not Me" ringtone variations available here and download it for free to your PC. You can also search for other 18 albums produced by Within Temptation for all time. "Why Not Me" is referred to Gothic Metal, and you may listen to a huge amount of Gothic Metal artists absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!
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Homemade Christmas Gifts: 14 Gift Ideas & DIY Home Dcor
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Christmas Tree Frame
By: Beacon Adhesives
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Follow these decoupage instructions and you'll be on your way to completing an easy DIY Christmas craft! The Christmas tree frame from Beacon Adhesives is perfect for holding your family Christmas card picture.
- Creative Paperclay, white
- Metallic gold and olive green paints
- White acrylic paint
- Paper crimper
- Ripple-edge scissors
- 8" X 10" flat frame
- 24 gauge green wire
- Red glass seed beads
- White vellum
- Gold paper
- White tissue paper
- Dazzle-Tac Jewelry Glue
- Liquid laminate
- Zip-dry paper glue
- Gold embossing ink and powder
- Heat embossing tool
- Tree shape cookie cutter, or tree pattern of your choice.
- Craft knife
- Ruler
- Needle-nosed pliers
- Brayer
- Roll out a portion of the paper clay to 1/8" thickness on a protective surface. Use a tree cookie cutter to cut out three trees. If you use a tree pattern instead, you will need a craft knife to cut them out of the clay. Place aside and let dry at least 4 hours. Paint trees metallic green and let dry.
- Tear small pieces of tissue paper and glue to front of frame using Liquid Laminate as per bottle directions. Let dry and then paint entire frame using white acrylic paint. Let dry and paint frame again with the gold paint. Let dry.
- Paint some gold embossing ink onto outside and inside edge of frame. Sprinkle gold embossing powder onto these areas. Heat set using the embossing tool. Let cool.
- Cut a 2" wide by 10" long strip of white vellum. Trim edges using decorative scissors. Run through the paper crimper and glue to left side of frame with Zip-Dry.
- Cut a 1 ½" by 9" strip of gold paper and trim edges using the decorative scissors. Glue gold strip over vellum strip with Zip-Dry
- Cute three 5" pieces of green wire and curl ends into spiral shapes. Glue wires to the back of the trees with Dazzle-Tac. Let dry and then glue the trees onto the frame with Dazzle-Tac, leaving space on the frame as in photo for berries.
- Use Dazzle-Tac to glue red glass beads as berries to top, bottom and in-between trees. Lay flat to dry before inserting photo.
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A method of improving bandwidth of wireless CDMA systems by shuffling the rows of a Hadamard function in a pseudo-random manner. A Hadamard function is used to provide orthogonality between users. The orthogonal waveforms are used to prevent interference from different users sharing the same cell as well as multiple channels from the same user. The rows of the Hadamard function are shuffled in a pseudo-random manner. This effectively maximally spreads the spectral density of the transmitted signal out across the available spectrum. These codes are pre-computed and stored in lookup tables of mobile wireless devices. The data signals are modulated by one set of codes. Thereby, one data bit can be transmitted per chip.
1. A spread-spectrum system comprising:
a memory having a set of codes corresponding to an orthogonal function which has been arranged in a pseudo-random manner;
a modulator coupled to the memory which modulates an information signal according to one of the codes stored in the memory;
an RF transmitter which transmits the modulated signal on a carrier over the air, wherein the memory stores the set of codes in a lookup table and wherein the codes comprise N by 2N memory of compressed codes.
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23. In a wireless spread-spectrum system, a method of modulating a signal comprising the steps of:
generating a plurality of codes which are orthogonal;
arranging the codes in a pseudo-random manner;
compressing the codes and storing compressed codes in a lookup table; wherein the codes are compressed by storing only the power-of-two numbered columns of a pseudo-randomly shuffled Hadamard matrix;
modulating a data signal according to the codes; and
transmitting the modulated data signal on a carrier.
24. The method of
storing codes in a receiver which match the codes stored on a transmitter;
demodulating a received signal according to a same code which was used to modulate the received signal.
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The present invention relates to a method of pseudo-randomly shuffling a Hadamard function in a wireless CDMA system to dramatically improve performance.
Wireless communications has emerged to become a huge market as millions of people world-wide buy cellular handsets, subscribe to Personal Communications Services (PCS), and make calls on a daily basis. There are many competing technologies in the wireless communications field. Initially, cellular transmissions were made according to traditional analog radio frequency (RF) technology. But as wireless digital technology improved, it became clear that digital applications were far superior to that of analog. The three dominant wireless digital technologies existing today include Global System of Mobile communications (GSM), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Of these three digital wireless technologies, CDMA is gaining widespread popularity because of its many advantages.
Generally, CDMA offers greater signal quality, resulting in clearer calls. In addition, CDMA utilizes a spread-spectrum approach, which makes it ideal for deployment in dense urban areas where multi-pathing is an issue. This results in fewer dropped calls. Furthermore, CDMA technology is more power efficient, thereby prolonging the standby and active battery life. But one of the most attractive features of CDMA is that it offers a greater capacity for carrying signals. Basically, the airwaves are divided into a number of different frequency bands per Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations. A limited segment of the airwaves has been allocated by the FCC for cellular usage. Due to the huge demand for cellular usage and the limited bandwidth that is available, getting a license from the FCC to transmit on a particular frequency band is extremely expensive. By increasing capacity, CDMA enables PCS providers to carry more users per channel. This increased capacity directly translates into greater revenue for cellular companies.
The advantages of CDMA carry over into high-speed wireless digital access. Increasingly, wireless digital applications are being used to access digital data (e.g., the Internet, intranet, multimedia, business data, etc.) at high speeds. With high speed wireless access, mobile users can obtain instant access to the Internet, business data (e.g., stock market quotes, sales reports, inventory information, price checks, customer data, emails, pages, etc.), and other real time data (e.g., traffic updates, weather information, sports news, etc.). The goal is to provide cellular handsets, personal digital assistants, portable communications devices, etc. the ability to transmit and receive digital data as well as make conventional telephone calls. The trend is towards ever faster mobile data speeds to meet customer demands. With greater data speeds, it is possible to provide even more data to more users. Recent CDMA based standards such as IS-95 and 3G are proposing increased data rates and capabilities. Although CDMA offers superior capacity over that of competing wireless analog and digital technologies, the capacity at which data can be conveyed is approaching the maximum bounds that can be delivered by conventional CDMA technology.
Therefore, there is a need to somehow increase the capacity at which data can be delivered through wireless digital technology. The present invention provides a unique, novel solution which improves the capacity of CDMA by a factor of four.
The present invention pertains to a method of pseudo-randomly shuffling the rows of a Hadamard function in a wireless CDMA system to dramatically improve performance. A Hadamard function is used to provide orthogonality between users. The orthogonal waveforms are used to prevent interference from different users sharing the same cell and to allow the bandwidth from multiple channels to be aggregated. The rows of the Hadamard function are shuffled in a pseudo-random manner. This effectively maximally spreads the spectral density of the transmitted signal out across the available spectrum. Sets of these pre-computed pseudo-randomly shuffled Hadamard codes are stored in lookup tables of mobile wireless devices. During transmission, a code is supplied by the lookup table, and the data signal is then modulated by that particular code. Consequently, by aggregating multiple orthogonal channels, one data bit can be transmitted per chip, which substantially improves the rate by which data can be transmitted. The receiver then demodulates the received signal by a corresponding code stored in its lookup table.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
FIG. 1 shows a prior art CDMA base station system using Walsh functions and a separate pseudo-random code.
FIG. 2 shows a prior art CDMA process in a mobile station.
FIG. 3 shows the currently preferred embodiment of a coding scheme for a CDMA transmitter according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the currently preferred embodiment of a de-coding scheme for a CDMA receiver according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart describing the steps for the improved coding scheme as applied to a CDMA system according to the present invention.
A method for improving the bandwidth of wireless CDMA systems by using a pseudo-randomly shuffled Walsh-Hadamard code is described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be obvious, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
In contrast to Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), which allocates the frequency band into a number of frequency slots, or Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which allocates the frequency band into predefined intervals of time in which users are allowed to use, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) gives the right to use the frequency band to all users simultaneously all the time. This is enabled by using a technique known as "spread spectrum." Each user is assigned a code which spreads its signal bandwidth in such a way that only the same code can recover it at the receiver end. This technique has the property that the unwanted signals with different codes appear to be "noise" to the receiver. Basically, spread spectrum is a means of transmission whereby the data occupies a larger bandwidth than necessary. Bandwidth spreading is accomplished before the transmission through the use of a code which is independent of the transmitted data. The same code is then used to demodulate the data at the receiving end. As such, spread spectrum modulations is ideal for use in dense, urban areas where there is a great amount of interference.
FIG. 1 shows a prior art CDMA base station system using Walsh functions and a separate pseudo-random code. User signals (e.g., digitized voice signals or digital packetized data) are first modulated by a Walsh function. As stated above, one advantage of CDMA for personal communication services is its ability to accommodate many users on the same frequency at the same time. This is accomplished by assigning a specific code to each user. Only that particular code can demodulate the transmitted signal for that particular user. More specifically, each user is assigned an orthogonal code. Since the codes are orthogonal, users with different codes do not interfere with each other. One important set of orthogonal codes is the "Walsh" set. Walsh functions are generated using an iterative process of constructing a "Hadamard" matrix. Starting with H1=[0], the Hadamard matrix is built by:
For example, the Walsh codes of lengths two and four are shown respectively as:
From the corresponding matrices shown above, the Walsh codewords are given by the rows. These Walsh codes are important because they form the basis for orthogonal codes with different spreading factors. This property is useful when signals with different spreading factors share the same frequency channel. The period of time needed to transmit a single modulation symbol is called a Walsh symbol interval and is equal to {fraction (1/4800)} second (i.e., 208.33 μs). The period of time associated with {fraction (1/64)} of the modulation symbol is referred to as a Walsh "chip" and is equal to {fraction (1/307,200)} (i.e., 3.255)
For the forward channel, the Walsh functions are used to eliminate multiple access interference among users in the same cell. This can be achieved due to the orthogonality of the waveforms. All users within the same cell are synchronized since the waveforms maintain orthogonality if they are aligned in time. Referring to FIG. 1, the input data (e.g., digitized human speech or packetized data) is modulated by one of the orthogonal Walsh functions. Next, the signal is modulated by the pseudo-random number code. A chip rate for running the pseudo-random number is 1.2288 Mega chips per second (Mcps). Finally, all users of that cell are summed and transmitted on the carrier.
FIG. 2 shows a prior art CDMA process in a mobile station. First, the coherent carrier is removed. Next, the signal is demodulated by multiplying it with the synchronized pseudo-random number. This is the same pseudo-random number associated with the base station. Finally, the signal is multiplied by the synchronized Walsh function in order to eliminate interference due to other users' transmission within that cell.
In the prior art, it is widely recognized that the Walsh-Hadamard codes do not exhibit the optimal spreading behavior. These codes do not spread data as well as pseudo-random sequences because their power spectral density is concentrated in a small number of discrete frequencies. As such, the prior art designs have two separate modulation steps. One is used to multiply the input data signal by the Walsh-Hadamard function in order to eliminate interference. And a second, separate multiplication occurs when the signal is modulated by the pseudo-random number generator in order to provide better spectrum spreading. As shown above, the rate by which the signal is modulated by the Walsh/Hadamard function is one-quarter that of the rate by which the signal is modulated by the pseudo-random number (i.e., 307.219kHz versus 1.2288 MHz). The modulation is run at two different rates in order to minimize DC biasing. However, this translates into having a single data bit being transmitted every four chips.
The present invention transmits one data bit per chip. Essentially, this means that the present invention improves the bandwidth by a factor of four. Four times the amount of information can be transmitted as compared with that of the prior art CDMA schemes. The present invention improves the efficiency of CDMA systems by 400 percent. The method by which this improvement is accomplished entails generating a Walsh/Hadamard function and scrambling its rows. The Walsh/Hadamard function is used to eliminate interference between users on the same cell according its physical properties as described above. However, by scrambling the rows, the spectral density is spread out. The signal is thereby maximally spread out. By scrambling the rows, one can achieve the same effect as was achieved in the prior art of modulating the signal with a pseudo-random number. The scrambled Walsh/Hadamard function achieves both objectives in a single modulation step. Thus, by using the present invention, one bit of user information can be transmitted per chip.
FIG. 3 shows the currently preferred embodiment of a coding scheme for a CDMA transmitter according to the present invention. A memory chip contains a lookup table 302. The lookup table comprises a pre-generated set of codes. These codes correspond to a Walsh/Hadamard function with pseudo-randomly scrambled rows. In the currently preferred embodiment, rather than storing a 2N by 2N scrambled Hadamard function, a more efficient code is stored by using lossless compression. It has been recognized that one property of a Hadamard matrix is that each column is the XOR of the power-of-two numbered columns with a corresponding set bit in the selected channel code number. Thereby, one can compress the Hadamard matrix by storing only the power-of-two numbered columns. In other words, the pseudo-randomly shuffled Hadamard matrix can be compressed and stored as an N by 2N matrix. To recover all desired columns of the original matrix, one can XOR together the columns corresponding to the bits set to "1" in the desired column number. Then, constructively take the output of the table, bit-wise AND the table output with the channel select code (both N bits) and XOR the resulting N bits together. User data, such as digitized speech or packetized data, is input to multiplier 303. The user data is modulated by multiplying the user data with one of the codes contained within the lookup table 302 by multiplier 303. The resulting signal is then transmitted on a carrier 304 by means of an RF transmitter. A counter 301 is used as a pointer into the lookup table, which enables multiple users to transmit on the same cell. In the currently preferred embodiment, the modulation occurs at 1.2288 Mega chips per second with one data bit being transmitted per chip.
FIG. 4 shows the currently preferred embodiment of a de-coding scheme for a CDMA receiver according to the present invention. First, the carrier is removed from the received signal by multiplier 401. Next, multiplier 402 is used to demodulate the received signal according to matching code stored in lookup table 403. A memory chip (DRAM, SRAM, FLASH, ROM, etc.) contains the same lookup table as that of the transmitting CDMA system. In other words, the lookup table has the identical Walsh/Hadamard codes with its rows scrambled same as that of the corresponding transmitter. The contents of lookup table 403 of the receiver shown in FIG. 4 is exactly the same as the contents of the lookup table 302 of the transmitter shown in FIG. 3. A counter 404 is used as a pointer to the code which is to be used in lookup table 403. The two counters (i.e., counter 301 in the transmitter and counter 404 of the receiver) are synchronized in time. This synchronization maintains orthogonalty and enables the receiver to correlate the Walsh/Hadamard codes. The synchronization is achieved by transmitting a pilot signal to enable the receiver to recover synchronization, or by other methods (e.g., servoing to correlation peaks in the coded data stream).
As stated above, the present invention entails scrambling the rows of the traditional Walsh/Hadamard function. More specifically, the rows are shuffled by a random integer sequence. The resulting codes are unique in that the same codes are not used twice. These codes are then stored in the lookup table. In the currently preferred embodiment, the lookup table is 14�16 k size (i.e., fourteen bits by 16 k). An exemplary set of compressed Walsh/Hadamard codes with randomized codes is shown in Appendix A. Note that the compressed codes of the 14 bits by 16 k words has the least significant seven bits repeated in the two 8 k halves of the table (but still requires each 14 bit number to appear once only). Furthermore, in one embodiment, the present invention can readily be adapted to work on traditional wireless CDMA handsets. An exemplary 8 bit by 256 word compressed pseudo-randomly shuffled Hadamard matrix which can be used for traditional CDMA applications is shown in Appendix B.
There are several advantages by implementing the randomized Walsh/Hadamard function. Namely, one can obtain four times the number of codes in the same bandwidth as compared with that of the prior art. By aggregating multiple channels coded with each of the orthogonal codes, the data rates can be effectively increased by a factor of four. Furthermore, making better use of the air waves translates into lower costs. In addition, the present invention is primarily DC free (although this is not strictly necessary).
This eliminates problems associated with DC biasing. Another advantage of the present invention is that the rows can be shuffled such that the signal spectrum is maximally spread so as to not violate FCC regulation. Maximally spreading the signal across all bands (120 kHz) means that one can broadcast with a higher overall power output. This results in greater reliability, further range, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and better signal quality.
It should be noted that the present invention can be applied to any modulation scheme, either wireless or hard-wired, which utilizes a spread-spectrum technique. In particular, the present invention can be applied to CDMA cellular handsets as well as other wireless mobile CDMA devices or appliances. Current cell phones can be modified to use the present invention with minimal cost to achieve a huge performance gain. Moreover, the present invention can be expeditiously applied to peer-to-peer wireless applications. Furthermore, although the description set forth above is directed to a Walsh/Hadamard function, the present invention can use any orthogonal function and is not limited to Walsh/Hadamard.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart describing the steps for the improved coding scheme as applied to a CDMA system according to the present invention. Initially, an orthogonal function is used, step 501. Each user is assigned to a unique code. This is done so that the resulting orthogonal waveforms of the different users do not interfere with one another. In the currently preferred embodiment, a Hadamard function is used. The Hadamard function is a Walsh function which contains one row of all 0's, with the remaining rows each having an equal number of 1's and 0's. The rows of this Hadamard function are then shuffled in a pseudo-random manner, step 502. This is done so that the spectral density of the resulting transmitted RF signal is maximally spread across the available spectrum. The codes are then stored in lookup tables, step 503. Each mobile wireless device assigned to a particular cell has a lookup table containing the same set of codes and the base station (if any) also contains the same set of codes for that cell. It should be noted that the codes are pre-computed once and stored in the lookup tables; they need not be regenerated. Furthermore, in the currently preferred embodiment, the lookup tables exist in a compressed form, by taking advantage of the property of Hadamard matrices that each column is the exclusive-or (XOR) of the power-of-two numbered columns with a corresponding set (i.e. to "1") bit in the selected channel code number.
Consequently, for transmissions, the data signal is modulated by one of the codes found in the lookup table, step 504. The modulated signal is then broadcast over the air on a carrier, step 505. The RF signal is received by the intended mobile device, step 506. The carrier is removed, step 507. And the received signal is then demodulated according to a matching code derived from the receiver's lookup table, step 508. The transmitted information can then be extracted, step 509.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the data stream is parallelized by aggregating n number of channels. Aggregation of multiple channels yields greater bandwidth. For example, one can aggregate 32 channels to transmit a 32-bit word; aggregate 64 channels to transmit 64 bits; aggregate 128 channels to transmit 128 bits in parallel, etc. (one channel for each bit). In the currently preferred embodiment, combinations and variations of 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, etc. channels can be aggregated together. By aggregating 16 K or greater number of channels, one can approach transmission of one data bit per chip. Furthermore, ECC bits can be aggregated. The improved efficiencies provided by the shuffled Hadamard function described above grants CDMA designers additional margin to aggregate greater numbers of channels together for improved bandwidth.
Therefore, a method of improving bandwidth of wireless CDMA systems by shuffling the rows of a Walsh/Hadamard function in a pseudo-random manner has been disclosed. It should be noted that although the present invention has been described with reference to wireless and RF technology, the present invention is applicable to wired technologies as well (e.g., cable, transmission lines, etc.).
The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
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THE LINCOLN LODGE COMEDY SHOWCASE Continues Its Run at Subterranean, 5/9
The Lincoln Lodge continues its exciting run at Subterranean with a show on May 9th at 8:00pm.
The Lincoln Lodge is the nation's longest running independent stand-up comedy show. Each week The Lincoln Lodge features the best stand-up comics in Chicago, a special variety act, and a hilarious Man on the Street segment.
This week's performers are Bill Cruz, Trey Brown, Tyson K, Nick Rouley, Emily Galati, and Danny Kallas.
The Lincoln Lodge performs every Friday. Doors open at 7:30pm and shows begin at 8:00pm. Tickets are $10 and can be purchased online or at the door on the night of the event. The shows are 21 and over, and there is no drink minimum. A full food and drink menu is available during the show with bar and wait staff service.
Tickets are $10 and can be purchased at thelincolnlodge.com or subt.net.
About Author
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