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Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport
Summary: PBL processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. In the GEOS-5 AGCM, the PBL depth is used in the calculation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Near surface wind speed differences modify Saharan dust on the order of 1e-4kg m-2. CO surface concentrations are modified by up to 20 ppb over biomass burning regions. Instantaneous CO2 differences are on the order of 10 ppm.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7269-7286, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7269-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 19772 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Low hygroscopic scattering enhancement of boreal aerosol and the implications for a columnar optical closure study
Summary: The effect of water uptake (hygroscopicity) on aerosol light scattering properties is generally lower for boreal aerosol due to the dominance of organic substances. A columnar optical closure study using ground-based and airborne measurements of aerosol optical, chemical and microphysical properties was conducted and the implications and limitations are discussed.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7247-7267, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7247-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 5162 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Multi-model simulation of CO and HCHO in the Southern Hemisphere: comparison with observations and impact of biogenic emissions
Summary: We assess the impact of biogenic emissions on CO and HCHO in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), with simulations using different emission inventories. Differences in biogenic emissions result in large differences on modelled CO in the source and the remote regions. Substantial inter-model differences exist. Models significantly underestimate observed HCHO columns in the SH, suggesting missing sources in the models. Differences in the CO/OH/CH4 chemistry lead to differences in HCHO in remote regions.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7217-7245, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7217-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 7375 KB) Supplement (11964 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Experimental investigation of ion–ion recombination under atmospheric conditions
Summary: The ion-ion recombination coefficient was measured at different temperatures, relative humidities and concentrations of ozone and sulfur dioxide. The experiments were carried out using the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We observed a strong dependency on temperature and on relative humidity, which has not been reported previously. No dependency of the ion-ion recombination coefficient on ozone concentration was observed and a weak variation with sulfur dioxide concentration was also observed.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7203-7216, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7203-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 383 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
A simple formulation of the CH2O photolysis quantum yields
Summary: We present a new way to formulate the quantum yields of formaldehyde with several advantages. The formulation is simpler and has fewer parameters than those used so far, and the parameters have a physical meaning. It provides a template for the formulation of other quantum yields, e.g., of the isotopologues of formaldehyde. In addition, we offer a careful review of published measurements. It is also advantageous that the formulation can easily be modified to include temperature effects.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7195-7202, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7195-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 216 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Fire emission heights in the climate system – Part 2: Impact on transport, black carbon concentrations and radiation
Summary: Global aerosol-climate models usually prescribe wildfire emission injections at fixed atmospheric levels. Here, we quantify the impact of prescribed and parametrized emission heights on aerosol long-range transport and radiation. For global emission height changes of 1.5-3.5km, we find a top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing of 0.05-0.1Wm-2. Replacing prescribed emission heights by a simple plume height parametrization only marginally improves the model performance in aerosol optical thickness.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7173-7193, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7173-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 6646 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Fire emission heights in the climate system – Part 1: Global plume height patterns simulated by ECHAM6-HAM2
Summary: We discuss the representation of wildfire emission heights in global climate models. Our implementation of a simple, semi-empirical plume height parametrization in the aerosol-climate model ECHAM6-HAM2 shows reasonable agreement with observations and with a more complex plume rise model. In contrast, prescribed emission heights, which do not consider the intensity of individual fires, fail to adequately simulate global plume height patterns. Diurnal and seasonal cycles are of minor importance.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7155-7171, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7155-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2977 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
LIVAS: a 3-D multi-wavelength aerosol/cloud database based on CALIPSO and EARLINET
Summary: LIVAS is a 3-D multi-wavelength global aerosol and cloud optical database optimized for future space-based lidar end-to-end simulations of realistic atmospheric scenarios as well as retrieval algorithm testing activities. The global database is based on CALIPSO observations at 532nm, while for the conversion at 355nm EARLINET data are utilized.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7127-7153, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7127-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 12747 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling
Summary: A better knowledge of mercury (Hg) emission fluxes into the global atmosphere is important for assessing its human health impacts and evaluating the effectiveness of corresponding policy actions. We for the first time apply a top-down approach at a global scale to quantitatively estimate present-day mercury emission sources as well as key parameters in a chemical transport model, in order to better constrain the global biogeochemical cycle of mercury.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7103-7125, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2635 KB) Supplement (1013 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC4RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft
Summary: This paper investigates the summertime vertical profile of aerosol over the southeastern US using in situ measurements collected from aircraft. We use a vertical mixing model and measurements of CO to predict the vertical profile of aerosol that we would expect from vertical mixing alone and compare with the observed aerosol profile. We found a modest enhancement of aerosol in the cloudy transition layer during shallow cumulus convection and attribute the enhancement to local aerosol formation.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7085-7102, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7085-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 3252 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Middle East versus Saharan dust extinction-to-backscatter ratios
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7071-7084, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7071-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1393 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution using GOSAT satellite data
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7049-7069, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7049-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 9984 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Balancing aggregation and smoothing errors in inverse models
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7039-7048, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7039-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2466 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) from MIPAS in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere 2002–2012
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7017-7037, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7017-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2512 KB) Supplement (2806 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Simulation of the isotopic composition of stratospheric water vapour – Part 2: Investigation of HDO / H2O variations
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7003-7015, doi:10.5194/acp-15-7003-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 5568 KB) Supplement (2554 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Seasonal differences in oxygenated organic aerosol composition: implications for emissions sources and factor analysis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6993-7002, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6993-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 776 KB) Supplement (371 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Lifted temperature minimum during the atmospheric evening transition
Summary: The study shows that lifted temperature minimum can be detected under calm conditions during the day-night transition, several hours earlier than reported in previous work. These conditions are fulfilled under weak synoptic forcing during local flow shifts associated with a mountain-plain complex orography. Under these special conditions, turbulence and radiation becomes a crucial parameter in determining the ideal conditions for observing LTM measurements.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6981-6991, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6981-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1343 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
Hydrogen peroxide in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic during the OOMPH cruise in March 2007
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6971-6980, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6971-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1655 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
Sulfur-containing particles emitted by concealed sulfide ore deposits: an unknown source of sulfur-containing particles in the atmosphere
Summary: We collected particles carried by ascending flows and analysed them using transmission electron microscopy. Numerous sulfur-containing particles or particle aggregations were found in the ascending flows. In addition to S, the particles contained O, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Na, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, As, Ti, Sr, Ba, etc. The sulfur-containing particles originated from deep-seated weathering or faulting products of concealed sulfide ore deposits. This is a previously unknown source of the atmospheric particles.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6959-6969, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6959-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2116 KB) Supplement (211 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
On the competition among aerosol number, size and composition in predicting CCN variability: a multi-annual field study in an urbanized desert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6943-6958, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6943-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 5356 KB) Supplement (1074 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Estimates of non-traditional secondary organic aerosols from aircraft SVOC and IVOC emissions using CMAQ
Summary: Utilizing an aircraft-specific parameterization based on smog chamber data in a regional AQM, contributions of non-traditional secondary organic aerosols (NTSOA) from aircraft emissions of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds were assessed. NTSOA, a previously unaccounted component of PM2.5 in most AQMs, contributed up to 7.4% of aviation-attributable PM2.5 at the airport and rose to 17.9% downwind, suggesting its significance in aviation-attributed PM2.5 at all scales.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6929-6942, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6929-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 652 KB) Supplement (867 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Perturbations of the optical properties of mineral dust particles by mixing with black carbon: a numerical simulation study
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6913-6928, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6913-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 3073 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Nonlinear response of modelled stratospheric ozone to changes in greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances in the recent past
Summary: The attribution of stratospheric ozone (O3) loss in the recent past to increasing ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) is important to verify the success of the Montreal Protocol. So far, nonlinearity in the O3 response to ODS and GHG changes has been mostly neglected. In this study we explicitly account for nonlinear O3 changes and aim to clarify their relevance in the past. We show that both O3 chemistry and transport are significantly affected by nonlinearity.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6897-6911, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6897-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 568 KB) Supplement (423 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
The 11-year solar cycle in current reanalyses: a (non)linear attribution study of the middle atmosphere
Summary: We have studied the solar cycle manifestation in the latest generation of the reanalysed data sets by the means of both linear and nonlinear attribution analyses. The study is supplemented by the discussion of the dynamical implications.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6879-6895, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6879-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 7765 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and tropospheric air
Summary: Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth from harmful UV-B radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are man-made compounds which act to destroy this barrier. This paper presents (1) the first measurements of the stratospheric δ(37Cl) of CFCs -11 and -113; (2) the first quantification of long-term trends in the tropospheric δ(37Cl) of CFCs -11, -12 and -113. This study provides a better understanding of source and sink processes associated with these destructive compounds.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6867-6877, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6867-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 737 KB) Supplement (522 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Heterogeneous reaction of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide on ambient aerosol particles under dry and humid conditions: kinetics, mechanism and implications
Summary: The present study provides the first measurement for the uptake coefficient of gaseous peroxide compounds including peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide on the ambient particles (PM2.5 and Asian Storm Dust) over a wide range of relative humidity. The measured uptake coefficient values suggest that the heterogeneous reaction on the ambient particles plays an important role in the atmospheric budgets of peroxide compounds and potentially affects the components of aerosols in the atmosphere.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6851-6866, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6851-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1072 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Seasonal variability of atmospheric nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons at the GEOSummit station, Greenland
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6827-6849, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6827-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1928 KB) Supplement (1781 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Unusual stratospheric ozone anomalies observed in 22 years of measurements from Lauder, New Zealand
Summary: This paper highlights 2 unusual mid-stratospheric O3 anomalies in our 22-year ground-based data set. One of these is a large month long increase in June 2001 which we are able to associate with very unusually low equatorial air which persists over Lauder for much of June. The other O3 anomaly persists for ~4 years; using MLS data, we show that this is associated with unusually high N2O during this period. During this period there is also a low O3 and N2O anomaly in the tropics.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6817-6826, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6817-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2535 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Corrigendum to "Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by using a consumption-based emission inventory" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5443–5456, 2015
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6815-6815, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6815-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 19 KB) Corresponding Article
Regional data assimilation of multi-spectral MOPITT observations of CO over North America
Summary: We present a high-resolution (0.5 x 0.667) regional CO inversion over North America in the period of June 2004–May 2005, using a combination of GEOS-Chem model and MOPITT CO observations. With optimized lateral boundary conditions, we show that regional inversion analyses can reduce the sensitivity of the CO source estimates to errors in long-range transport and in the distributions of the hydroxyl radical (OH), and consequently, provide better quantification on regional CO source estimates.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6801-6814, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6801-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 5037 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Influence of biomass aerosol on precipitation over the Central Amazon: an observational study
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6789-6800, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6789-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 255 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Parameterization of convective transport in the boundary layer and its impact on the representation of the diurnal cycle of wind and dust emissions
Summary: New parameterizations of the convective boundary layer are used to better represent the diurnal cycle of near-surface wind over Sahara and Sahel in a climate model and the associated emission of dust.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6775-6788, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6775-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1128 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
The role of convective overshooting clouds in tropical stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling
Summary: The the role of deep convection in stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling in the tropics was studied during two large major stratospheric sudden warming events in January 2009 and January 2010. Convective activity and precipitation increased in the equatorial Southern Hemisphere as a result of a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by enhanced stratospheric planetary wave activity.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6767-6774, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6767-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1769 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper
Formation of highly oxidized multifunctional compounds: autoxidation of peroxy radicals formed in the ozonolysis of alkenes – deduced from structure–product relationships
Summary: We studied a series of cycloalkenes and methyl-substituted alkenes in order to elucidate the structural pre-requisites and chemical pathways to the recently discovered class of highly oxidized molecules ELVOC (Ehn et al., Nature, 2014). ELVOC may totally change the view on (parts of) the mechanism of SOA formation. We present results which support recent observations of H shifts from C-H to peroxy radicals, highlighting the pivotal role of peroxyradicals in organic atmospheric chemistry.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6745-6765, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6745-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1318 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
The POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP): overview and evaluation with observations
Summary: Eleven 3-D tropospheric chemistry models have been compared and evaluated with observations in the Arctic during the International Polar Year (IPY 2008). Large differences are seen among the models, particularly related to the model chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reactive nitrogen (NOx, PAN, HNO3) partitioning. Consistency among the models in the underestimation of CO, ethane and propane indicates the emission inventory is too low for these compounds.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6721-6744, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6721-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 5635 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper 1 Companion paper 2 Special Issue
Vertical variation of optical properties of mixed Asian dust/pollution plumes according to pathway of air mass transport over East Asia
Summary: The measurements from 2009 to 2013 using a multiwavelength Raman lidar were conducted to identify the changes in optical properties of East Asian dust. We found that the optical properties of Asian dust change depending on the dust plume's vertical position and the change of vertical position during transport over China. We believe this paper provides a better understanding of the optical properties of mixed Asian dust plums and the effect of long-range transport on dust properties.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6707-6720, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6707-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 8369 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Formaldehyde (HCHO) in air, snow, and interstitial air at Concordia (East Antarctic Plateau) in summer
Summary: During two austral summers HCHO was investigated in air, snow, and interstitial air at the Concordia site located on the East Antarctic Plateau. Snow emission fluxes were estimated to be around 1 to 2 and 3 to 5 x 10^12 molecules m-2 s-1 at night and at noon, respectively. Shading experiments suggest that the photochemical HCHO production in the snowpack at Concordia remains negligible. The mean HCHO level of 130pptv observed at 1m above the surface is quite well reproduced by 1-D simulations.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6689-6705, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6689-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2352 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
Investigating the links between ozone and organic aerosol chemistry in a biomass burning plume from a prescribed fire in California chaparral
Summary: Being able to understand and simulate the chemical evolution of biomass burning smoke plumes under a wide variety of conditions is a critical part of forecasting the impact of these fires on air quality, atmospheric composition, and climate. Here we use an improved model of this chemistry to simulate the evolution of ozone and secondary organic aerosol within a young biomass burning smoke plume from the Williams prescribed burn in chaparral, which was sampled over California in November 2009.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6667-6688, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6667-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1310 KB) Supplement (216 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Lagrangian analysis of microphysical and chemical processes in the Antarctic stratosphere: a case study
Summary: We investigated chemical and microphysical processes in the late winter Antarctic stratosphere, for the first time (to our knowledge) coupling a detailed microphysical box model to a chemistry model. Model results have been compared with in situ and remote sensing measurements of particles along trajectories. Our goal is to contribute to the most recent discussion of the relative role of PSC and liquid (background) aerosol in the ozone depletion.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6651-6665, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6651-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 4903 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Estimating NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model
Summary: In this study, we estimate, for the first time, the NH3 emission from the agricultural fertilizer application in China online using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model. Compared with previous researches, this method considers more influencing factors, such as meteorological fields, soil and the fertilizer application, and provides improved NH3 emission with higher spatial and temporal resolution.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6637-6649, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6637-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 3323 KB) Supplement (699 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
Characteristics of 1 year of observational data of VOCs, NOx and O3 at a suburban site in Guangzhou, China
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6625-6636, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6625-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2604 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Enhanced extinction of visible radiation due to hydrated aerosols in mist and fog
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6605-6623, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6605-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2371 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Influence of along-valley terrain heterogeneity on exchange processes over idealized valleys
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6589-6603, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6589-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 6063 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Momentum forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation by equatorial waves in recent reanalyses
Summary: The momentum forcing of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) by equatorial waves is estimated using recent reanalysis data sets. The Kelvin wave produces primary forcing of the QBO in the easterly-to-westerly transition phase below 30hPa, whereas mesoscale gravity waves produce larger forcing than the Kelvin wave above 30hPa. Still, the recent reanalyses underestimate the forcing by the large-scale equatorial waves.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6577-6587, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6577-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 548 KB) Supplement (502 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Using IASI to simulate the total spectrum of outgoing long-wave radiances
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6561-6575, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6561-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2428 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Modelling the impact of climate change on the atmospheric transport and the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6549-6559, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6549-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2076 KB) Supplement (1771 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada
Summary: Aerosols impact how clouds and precipitation form. In the California Sierra Nevada, we found that the formation and resulting amount of rain and snow were impacted by mineral dust, bioparticles such as bacteria, and biomass burning and pollution particles during three winter seasons. Dust and bioparticles from distant sources impacted high-altitude clouds by forming ice, leading to more precipitation, whereas local biomass burning and pollution entered the base of clouds, leading to less rain.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6535-6548, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 690 KB) Supplement (167 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Regional differences in Chinese SO2 emission control efficiency and policy implications
Summary: SO2 emission reduction over North China is most effective in reducing national mean surface sulfate concentrations and sulfur export fluxes (β = 0.76 and 0.95, respectively), while reduction over South China has the highest β in reducing population-weighted sulfate concentration (β = 0.98). We recommend that China needs to carefully design a regionally specific implementation plan of realizing its SO2 emissions reduction target to maximize the resulting air quality benefits.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6521-6533, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6521-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1826 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
Particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in Europe – revised estimates and an evaluation
Summary: Residential wood combustion (RWC) is increasing in Europe but may cause high emissions of particulate matter (PM). A revised bottom-up emission inventory was made which included the semi-volatile components. The revised RWC emissions are 2–3 times higher than the previous inventory. It significantly improved the modeling of PM and comparison with observations. Our results suggest primary PM2.5 emission from RWC as reported in Europe is underestimated and emission inventories need to be revised.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6503-6519, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6503-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 3610 KB) Supplement (571 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Potential source regions and processes of aerosol in the summer Arctic
Summary: Particle size distributions from four summer cruises of the Swedish icebreaker Oden were combined with back trajectories and pack ice information in a cluster algorithm to investigate source areas and aerosol formation in the central Arctic. Five source regions and three aerosol types resulted. Long travel times over ice, combined with more open water conditions shortly before air mass arrival, seem to control the formation of ultrafine particles over the central Arctic pack ice.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6487-6502, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6487-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 12068 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
The impact of overshooting deep convection on local transport and mixing in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS)
Summary: This study examines the simulated downward transport and mixing of stratospheric air into the upper tropical troposphere as observed on a research flight during the SCOUT-O3 campaign in connection with a deep convective system, using the WRF model. Passive tracers are initialised to study the impact of the deep convection on the tracers and water vapour. We use the model to explain the processes causing the transport and also expose areas of inconsistencies between the model and observations.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6467-6486, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6467-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 9694 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Survival and ice nucleation activity of bacteria as aerosols in a cloud simulation chamber
Summary: Mortality rate of typical bacterial aerosols (Pseudomonas species) was determined in a cloud simulation chamber. Ice nucleation activity remained unchanged for several hours in aerosolized cells, whether they were viable or not. Cloud increased the specific removal of ice nucleation active cells by precipitation. Survival was negatively impacted by the presence of cloud and by sulfates.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6455-6465, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6455-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 466 KB) Supplement (190 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
A 12-year observation of water-soluble ions in TSP aerosols collected at a remote marine location in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian dust
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6437-6453, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6437-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 7419 KB) Supplement (237 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
An evaluation of ozone dry deposition in global scale chemistry climate models
Summary: The dry deposition of ozone to the Earth's surface is an important process as it controls both the removal of this potent pollutant from the atmosphere and its uptake by vegetation. It is necessary to use numerical models to study this process at the global scale, but many models to represent dry deposition lag behind current understanding. In this paper we study the dry deposition process in global models and highlight measures that will allow these models to be critically evaluated.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6419-6436, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6419-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1274 KB) Supplement (1426 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Aerosols over continental Portugal (1978–1993): their sources and an impact on the regional climate
Summary: The aerosols sources (volcanoes, mineral dust, wildfires, pollution) in continental Portugal were studied using ground and satellite measurements. The influence of the each source changes with the season and environment. Concerning the effect that aerosols have over the local climate variations change, the strongest influence was found for the less urbanized site and for the summer months. It consists in dependence of the maximum daily temperature variations on the absorbing aerosol content.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6407-6418, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6407-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 286 KB) Supplement (3045 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Quantifying methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the UK and Ireland using a national-scale monitoring network
Summary: The UK is one of several countries to enact legislation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. We present top-down emissions of methane and nitrous oxide for the UK and Ireland over 2012-2014. We inferred average UK emissions of 2.09Tg/yr CH4 and 0.101Tg/yr N2O and used sectoral distributions to determine whether these discrepancies can be attributed to specific source sectors. We found the agricultural sector likely to be overestimated in the bottom-up emissions inventories of both gases.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6393-6406, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6393-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1085 KB) Supplement (7914 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Chemical characterization of submicron regional background aerosols in the western Mediterranean using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor
Summary: The study focuses on the aerosol variations found in the regional background of the western Mediterranean basin and their relation with atmospheric conditions and scenarios. An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) was deployed for 1 year and the results were validated with co-located PM1 measurements. The organic sources were investigated and the local secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation was estimated.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6379-6391, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6379-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1032 KB) Supplement (1291 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Impacts of 20th century aerosol emissions on the South Asian monsoon in the CMIP5 models
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6367-6378, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6367-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 717 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Investigating the annual behaviour of submicron secondary inorganic and organic aerosols in London
Summary: For the first time, the behaviour of non-refractory inorganic and organic submicron particulates through an entire annual cycle is investigated at a UK urban background site. We show secondary aerosols account for a significant fraction of the submicron aerosol burden, high concentration events are governed by different factors depending on season, and on an annual basis there is no variability in the extent of secondary organic aerosol oxidation.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6351-6366, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6351-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 241 KB) Supplement (3051 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
The role of organic condensation on ultrafine particle growth during nucleation events
Summary: A new aerosol dynamics model (DMANx) describing the organic vapor condensation on nanoparticles based on the volatility basis set framework is used to simulate typical nucleation events in two contrasting environments in Hyytiälä (Finland) and Finokalia (Greece). The role of semivolatile, low, and extremely low volatility organics and the corresponding surface energies is investigated.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6337-6350, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6337-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2599 KB) Supplement (1561 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Observations and analysis of organic aerosol evolution in some prescribed fire smoke plumes
Summary: Smoke plumes from some prescribed fires in the southeastern United States were sampled via aircraft to observe changes in organic aerosol (OA) with atmospheric transport. These plumes underwent rapid mixing, and, hence, substantial dilution with background air occurred. Dilution-driven evaporation appears to be the primary driver of OA transformations within the sampled plumes rather than photochemistry.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6323-6335, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6323-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2780 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Connecting the solubility and CCN activation of complex organic aerosols: a theoretical study using solubility distributions
Summary: Atmospheric organic aerosol is complex and thus a challenge to model. We introduce a theoretical framework (solubility distributions) to represent the solubility of multicomponent mixtures. Using the framework, we evaluate the commonly made assumptions about the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of organic mixtures. We find that material with water solubilities larger than 0.1-100 g/L can usually be treated as completely soluble, which simplifies the treatment of organic CCN.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6305-6322, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6305-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1053 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
A large and ubiquitous source of atmospheric formic acid
Summary: Formic acid (HCOOH) is an abundant atmospheric acid that affects precipitation chemistry and acidity. HCOOH measurements over the USA are 2-3× larger than can be explained by known sources and sinks, revealing a key gap in current understanding. Observations indicate a large biogenic source plus chemical production across a range of precursors. Model simulations cannot capture the HCOOH diurnal amplitude or nocturnal profile, implying a deposition bias and possibly even larger missing source.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6283-6304, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6283-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 9858 KB) Supplement (1864 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Meridionally tilted ice cloud structures in the tropical upper troposphere as seen by CloudSat
Summary: Upper-tropospheric ice clouds (anvil and cirrus cloud ouflows extending from deep convection) have small-scale (~1km horizontal) structures that are organized and systematically tilt poleward in the tropics, as revealed by CloudSat ice water path (IWP) and Aura MLS Radiance (TB) measurements. These tilted cloud structures cover regions over hundreds of kilometers, contributing up to 20% of IWP uncertainty if not accounted for in remote sensing from space.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6271-6281, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6271-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 4873 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Sources, transport and deposition of iron in the global atmosphere
Summary: This study makes a first attempt to estimate the temporal trend of Fe emissions from anthropogenic and natural combustion sources from 1960 to 2007 and the emissions of Fe from mineral dust based on a recent mineralogical database. The new emission inventory is introduced into a global aerosol model. The simulated total Fe and soluble Fe concentrations in surface air as well as the deposition of total Fe are evaluated by observations over major continental and oceanic regions globally.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6247-6270, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6247-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 6772 KB) Supplement (669 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
A case study of a low-level jet during OPALE
Summary: This is the first time that a low-level jet observed above the East Antarctic Plateau is simulated by a regional climate model. This paper illustrates in a 3-D simulation the respective influences of the large-scale pressure gradient force and turbulence on the onset of the low-level jet. As atmospheric turbulence plays a key role in explaining the behaviour of chemical tracers during the OPALE campaign, this paper also increases our confidence in using the outputs of the model for this purpose.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6237-6246, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6237-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 802 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper Special Issue
Characterization of the boundary layer at Dome C (East Antarctica) during the OPALE summer campaign
Summary: Regional climate model MAR was run for the region of Dome C located on the East Antarctic plateau, during summer 2011–2012, with a high vertical resolution in the lower troposphere. MAR is generally in very good agreement with the observations and provides sufficiently reliable information about surface turbulent fluxes and vertical profiles of vertical diffusion coefficients when discussing the representativeness of chemical measurements made nearby the ground surface at Dome C.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6225-6236, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6225-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 305 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper Special Issue
Quantifying sources, transport, deposition, and radiative forcing of black carbon over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau
Summary: We use the CAM5 model with a novel source-tagging technique to characterize the fate of BC particles emitted from various geographical regions and sectors and their transport pathways to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP). We show a comprehensive picture of the seasonal and regional dependence of BC source attributions, and find strong seasonal and spatial variations in BC-in-snow radiative forcing in the HTP that can be quantitatively attributed to the various regional/sectoral sources.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6205-6223, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6205-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 3450 KB) Supplement (15699 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
Arctic microbial and next-generation sequencing approach for bacteria in snow and frost flowers: selected identification, abundance and freezing nucleation
Summary: Next-generation sequencing revealed the existence of diverse community of bacteria in the Arctic samples with many originating from distinct ecological environments. The observed varied range in ice nucleation of cultivable bacteria and in all of the melted samples further revealed the existence of the heterogeneous pool of bacteria. Changes in the microbial pool and its impact on the freezing and melting process may potentially lead to changing the Arctic environment and thus global climate.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6183-6204, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6183-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 2767 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Ozone and aerosol tropospheric concentrations variability analyzed using the ADRIMED measurements and the WRF and CHIMERE models
Summary: The ozone and aerosol concentration variability is studied over the Euro-Mediterranean area during the months of June and July 2013 and in the framework of the ADRIMED project. A first analysis is performed using meteorological variables, ozone and aerosol concentrations using routine network station, satellite and specific ADRIMED project airborne measurements. This analysis is complemented by modeling using the WRF and CHIMERE regional models.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6159-6182, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6159-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 6351 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Special Issue
The importance of interstitial particle scavenging by cloud droplets in shaping the remote aerosol size distribution and global aerosol-climate effects
Summary: In this paper we show that coagulation of cloud droplets with interstitial aerosol particles, a process often neglected in atmospheric aerosol models, has a significant impact on aerosol size distributions and radiative forcings.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6147-6158, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6147-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 847 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6127-6146, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6127-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 6405 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Ice crystal concentrations in wave clouds: dependencies on temperature, D > 0.5 μm aerosol particle concentration, and duration of cloud processing
Summary: The study analyzes a novel set of cloud measurements relevant to the genesis of atmospheric ice particles. Issues addressed are 1) the DeMott et al. (2010) formula describing the abundance of ice nucleating particles and the degree to which that formula is consistent with our in situ measurements, 2) the discrepancy between the DeMott et al. formula and measurements made in the AIDA chamber in Karlsruhe, Germany (Niemand et al., 2012), and 3) the time dependence of atmospheric ice nucleation.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6113-6125, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6113-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 312 KB) Supplement (102 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Examining the major contributors of ozone pollution in a rural area of the Yangtze River Delta region during harvest season
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6101-6111, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6101-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 7934 KB) Supplement (119 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Photochemical processing of aqueous atmospheric brown carbon
Summary: Aqueous-phase photochemical decay of light absorbing organic compounds, or atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), is investigated in this study. The absorptive change of laboratory surrogates of BrC, as well as biofuel combustion samples, were monitored during photolysis and OH oxidation experiments. The major finding is the rapid change in the absorptivity of BrC during such photochemical processing. This change should be taken into account to evaluate the importance of BrC in the atmosphere.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6087-6100, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6087-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1892 KB) Supplement (1163 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Increasing and decreasing trends of the atmospheric deposition of organochlorine compounds in European remote areas during the last decade
Summary: Despite the regulations in the use of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), an increase in atmospheric deposition fluxes of these pollutants in high-altitude mountain areas of Europe is observed for the period between 1996 and 2006. In contrast, atmospheric deposition of organochlorine pesticides showed a strong decrease. Volatilization from soils or melting glaciers related to climate change and the differences in physical–chemical properties between compounds may explain the observed temporal trend.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6069-6085, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6069-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 1857 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Biomass burning influence on high-latitude tropospheric ozone and reactive nitrogen in summer 2008: a multi-model analysis based on POLMIP simulations
Summary: The extent to which forest fires produce the air pollutant and greenhouse gas ozone (O3) in the atmosphere at high latitudes in not well understood. We have compared how fire emissions produce O3 and its precursors in several models of atmospheric chemistry. We find enhancements in O3 in air dominated by fires in all models, which increase on average as fire emissions age. We also find that in situ O3 production in the Arctic is sensitive to details of organic chemistry and vertical lifting.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6047-6068, doi:10.5194/acp-15-6047-2015, 2015
Abstract Final Revised Paper (PDF, 7449 KB) Supplement (401 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD) Companion paper 1 Companion paper 3 Special Issue


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An Excessive Heat Warning is in effect from 6/25/2015 9:00 AM to 6/27/2015 9:00 PM PDT for Mohave County. Learn more about how to stay safe in extreme heat and stay informed about future heat alerts.
West Nile Virus
Lab & Investigation Forms
- Arizona State Lab Submission Form
- Arizona State Lab Guide
- Human Arboviral Case Investigation Form
- Equine Investigation Form
- Mosquito Data Submission Form
- Veterinary Diagnostic Lab Submission Form – University of Arizona
Note: Unless otherwise noted, all links are Adobe PDF files.

subset: commoncrawl


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Luciano Melo
Political Science
- Luciano Melo is a doctoral student researching democratic enclaves in undemocratic countries, especially in Latin America. Prior to coming to the U.S. he was was an instructor in Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, giving classes and lectures to more than 1,000 students from the tri-border area of Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.
DegreesBA Communications - Pontificia Universidade Catolica | Brazil, MA International Affairs - CUNY | USA, PhD Candidate American University | USA
Favorite Spot on Campus:Agora


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President Obama saved 1,000 jobs by embracing a protectionist policy on tires.
The FN has become a protectionist, anticapitalist party of the dislocated working classes.
Then there is always Congress, threatening a rash of protectionist bills directed solely at China.
in the economics sense, 1841, from French protectionniste (in political economy sense, protection is attested from 1789). As an adjective by 1843.
1846, from protectionist + -ism.


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Amici's East Coast Pizzeria
Message from Amici's East Coast PizzeriaThe Best Pizza West of New York - Ralph Barbieri, KNBR
- Order Online at www.amicis.com
- Dine in, Takeout and Delivery
- Freshly made Pasta and Salads
Amici's delicious East Coast style pizzas have been called, "The Best West of New York!" Thin, crispy crusts are topped with the highest quality ingredients to create an infinite number of flavor sensations. A range of fresh pastas, great salads and side dishes complete the menu. Amici's is the perfect place for a casual business lunch, family dinner, or late night snack. Amici's also offers food to takeout, and free delivery to your home or business daily.\n\nWe offer eleven Bay Area locations: San Mateo, San Francisco Lombard Street, San Rafael, Redwood Shores, Mountain View, Dublin, San Francisco Mission Bay (Across from AT&T Park), San Jose, Vacaville, Danville, and Cupertino.
Payment Methods
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REVIEWS(5)Top ▲
Nice Pizzaby Jeff Rapp on 10/10/2010
Erica and I went to Amici's to meet with our long time favorite Colombian friend Camilo Garcia. It was a simple, cheap and fast meal that worked for everyone, especially Camilo since it is across the street from EA.\n\nWe ordered a large pizza to share for three, which was a perfect size and quantity. Our taste buds were undecided so we split the pizza half vegetarian and half pollo. Both types were very good and reminded Erica of a local version of CPK. The crust had a nice buttery flavor and the cheese was not a low budget filler. I enjoy eating in California because in most cases ingredients come from local producers and are seasonally fresh. This can be experienced even at a pizza shop. Amici's is a chain so next time you're looking for 'za in CA, Amici's is a good choice.\n\nmy blog: jjrappeats.blogspot dot com
You can never go wrong with pizza!by quandenise on 03/24/2010
Besides having thin crust pizza which is my favorite, here are the standouts for Amici's:\r\n\r\n*vegan cheese- not that I want to order that, since I prefer real cheese, but for those days when I want to cut back on my dairy intake or pretend to be vegan, great option to have\r\n\r\n*low carb crust- again, not that I want to cut back on carbs or the crust since I love my carbs, but if I ever feel like it, at least I know I have the option to order this way.\r\n\r\n*unique and original pizzas- check out their menu, the options are so good, i think our group of 6 ordered 6 pizzas!\r\n\r\nYes I've tried the low carb, vegan cheese pizza, and it was pretty darn good. Not as good as the high carb, dairyful cheese pizza, but pretty good if you are on a diet or trying to be vegan.\r\n\r\nI've also had their other pizzas and so far to date, there has been nothing I didn't like.\r\n\r\nMy favorite as of this minute is probably the clam pizza.\r\n\r\nYUM. \r\n
Best pizza aroundby squirt79 on 05/05/2006
We moved away from redwood shores but still make regular trips back for Amici's pizza! The 'greek isle' pizza is my favorite, it's a white pizza (no tomato sauce) with lots of cheese and vege toppings. The crust is perfect - thin, but still with a lightly puffy crust done in proper ovens. Surroundings are basic, but clean. Service is good. (One flaw - why do I have to give out my phone number when I'm ordering take-out in person?!? Hate that!)\n\nHaven't found better pizza in the bay area.
Awful Pizza!!! There not much there! Grade: Fby shannon5760 on 03/21/2006
Amici's makes the worst pizza I've ever had! I've been to Amici's restaurants 3 times and had it several times in meetings. \n\nHere's why I give them such a bad grade: the pizza is super thin (I know some of you like it that way), there is hardly any sauce, below average amount of cheese, and hardly any toppings. Could they skimp on the toppings any more? I doubt it. Some frozen pizzas are better than Amici's! For example: DiGiorno and Freschetta.\n\nI recommend to stay away from this pizza unless you want to remain hungry. There is nothing to like about this pizza.
Classic NYby FrankLUBS on 10/04/2002
Super, super good ! I'm thinking of moving closer -\njust to be within their delivery zone.
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HOME > Renovate My Family
Renovate My Family
'Renovate My Family' host Jay McGraw marries model Erica Dahm
The son of U.S. TV pop psychologist Dr. Phil, Jay McGraw, has married actress and Playboy model Erica Dahm in a Beverly Hills, Calif., ceremony. Full Story
'Renovate My Family' family sues producers over home improvements
A suburban Chicago family says Fox TV's "Renovate My Family" not only destroyed their house but destroyed them financially, as well.
Fox retitles 'Family Time' to 'Renovate My Family', moves premiere to September 1
After having originally announced that its new "ultimate family makeover" series, previously assigned the working title of Family Time, would premiere Tuesday, September 7 at 9PM ET/PT and then air twice weekly, Fox has decided to premiere the series (now titled Renovate My Family) on Wednesday, September 1 at 8PM ET/PT and have subsequent episodes of the series air Mondays at 9PM ET/PT.
Fox's 'Family Time' "ultimate family makeover" show to premiere September 7
Give Fox credit -- some of their reality concepts might not be original, but they certainly seem to know how to get a show to the airwaves quickly.
Fox announces 'Family Time' "family makeover" show... 'Trading Spouses' Biggins family to appear in premiere
Is it the ultimate capstone in Fox's string of concept and execution thefts? Or is it a new idea for a show with some repackaging and borrowing to make it seem more familiar? Those are the questions surrounding Fox's new reality show Family Time, a show focusing on the "ultimate family makeover."
- Kourtney Kardashian reportedly dumps Scott Disick: Sources say she's fed up and humiliated
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- Kim Kardashian celebrates July 4th with North West
- Caitlyn Jenner: "Up until now, I have totally isolated myself from the transgender community"
- Khloe Kardashian parties with James Harden on Fourth of July weekend, spotted sitting on his lap
- 'Big Brother' determines sole Head of Household and two nominees after Battle of the Block
- Kourtney Kardashian's longtime love Scott Disick photographed getting touchy-feely with ex-girlfriend on vacation
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- 'Big Brother' evicts Jace Agolli from the house, determines next two HoHs
- Jill Duggar and Derick Dillard leave America for overseas missions trip
- 'The Bachelorette's Kaitlyn Bristowe: I'm sure 99% of women would love Ben Zorn, saying goodbye to him was crappy
- Scott Disick spotted partying in Monte Carlo with other women
- 'The Bachelorette' star Kaitlyn Bristowe: I keep breaking the rules, so why not keep it going?
- E! renews 'Botched' for a third season, set to debut early next year
- 'I Can Do That' renewed for second season by NBC
- Maci Bookout shares first photos of new daughter Jayde
- Brody Jenner: I get along better with Caitlyn Jenner than Bruce Jenner, she's "incredible"
- Brandi Glanville slams 'The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' stars
- Jessica Simpson shares photos from son Ace's second birthday
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- Miss USA pageant to air on Reelz cable network after being dropped by NBC
- 'Big Brother' HoH James Huling names Jace Agolli replacement nominee after PoV competition
- Jessa Duggar posts baby bump selfie at 22 weeks


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VIEWS: 16 PAGES: 2 CATEGORY: Food & Drink POSTED ON: 6/9/2010 Public Domain
ICE ORC The Threat of Organized Retail Crime and ICE Operations and Partnerships in Law Enforcement F a c t S h e e t Definition and Background ICE Success Story Organized retail crime is the orchestration of a scheme In September 2001, ICE to convert stolen goods to cash.The scheme involves agents assigned to the individuals known as boosters, who are members of Office of the Special organized criminal networks. Many of the boosters Agent in Charge (SAC) have recently immigrated to the United States and work Dallas, and officers from in an orchestrated manner to illegally obtain high- the Fort Worth Police value, over-the-counter retail products. Department (FWPD) initiated an investigation The items are typically purchased by fencing operations into the Ghali criminal for pennies on the dollar, and are then resold to organization.The FWPD suspected that the Ghali complicit wholesalers.There, they are stripped of organization was involved in large-scale organized electronic security tags, repackaged, cleaned of store retail theft and international money laundering. markings, or otherwise prepared for illegal resale. Many wholesalers resell these products through online Special agents and officers from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Food and Drug Administration, Internal Revenue Service and Dallas County Sheriff's Office later joined this ongoing ICE-led investigation. Members of the Ghali organization recruited hundreds of boosters, some of whom were drug addicts, to steal over-the-counter medicinal products and other items such as infant formula, glucose test strips, razors and pregnancy test kits, which were repacked and sold to wholesalers.The organization also used convenience stores in the Fort Worth,Texas area as fencing locations, and purchased stolen property for a fraction of its auction sites, flea markets or family-run stores. original cost. Organized retail crime is best combated through federal anti-money laundering statutes that can carry On May 21, 2003, approximately 200 federal, state and severe penalties. ICE is promoting partnerships with local law enforcement officials arrested 27 members of the retail industry and law enforcement at all levels to the Ghali organization. In addition, 17 search warrants combat this threat. and two seizure warrants for bank accounts were Report Suspicious Activity: 1-866-DHS-2-ICE 1-866-347-2423 www.ice.gov 02/2009 executed, resulting in the seizure of over-the-counter medicinal products valued at approximately $2.5 million, two vehicles and approximately $221,000. Between September 2003 and December 2005, most members of the Ghali organization, named in federal and state indictments, pled guilty to federal or state charges and received sentences ranging from probation to five years in prison.The federal charges included nine separate counts of money laundering.Two residences and an additional $527,627 were also seized and forfeited. • Multiple money orders in increments of $500 or less deposited into bank accounts where the remitter of the money order is the same as the authorized signers on the bank accounts for which the checks are being deposited. • Subjects of questionable financial transactions all maintain the same address. Red Flag Indicators Associated with • Occupations listed for the subjects of questionable financial activities are not commensurate to the Organized Retail Crime volume and type of the financial activities. • Checks drawn from the questionable financial Based on successful ICE investigations into organized activities are negotiated in foreign countries. retail crime, some indicators of suspicious banking • Cash deposits related to the questionable financial activity have already been identified.These indicators activities involved currency in $100 denominations. include: Combating organized retail crime is integral to ICE's • Business checks written to individuals as opposed mission of protecting the homeland by targeting the to legitimate suppliers. ways in which criminal • Business checks cashed at the banks where the organizations earn, checks originated from instead of being deposited move and store illicit into another business' bank account. proceeds. Furthermore, • Business checks written to cash on a regular basis it will impact criminal in amounts that exceed a business' petty cash organizations by requirement. targeting the methods • Multiple checks written on the same day in these organizations use amounts less than $10,000, possibly to avoid to support their illegal reporting requirements, despite the fact that checks activities. would not normally generate currency transaction reports. • Multiple checks written on the same day to cash, to ensure the amount of each check does not exceed $10,000.
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The septet Trey Anastasio tours with between Phish gigs are about as chops-heavy as his regular band, as this Atlanta gig shows. Anastasio's guitar rips (natch), and the horn section adds nice R&B color. But the reggae-fied "Windora Bug" is stoned and drooling, and it's unclear why Anastasio is moonlighting in a role so similar to his main one. He hands off vocals to trumpeter Jennifer Hartswick for a cover of Led Zep's "Black Dog" — a small surprise on a collection that could use more.
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
RollingStone.com: Trey Anastasio Band "TAB at the TAB" [Review]
Video: Phish "Stash" 11.2.1996 Coral Sky DVD Preview
"Stash" from Phish "Coral Sky" DVD recorded 11/2/96 at Coral Sky Amphitheater, West Palm Beach, FL and in stores October 19th. Pre-order the entire show on DVD and CD.
Hidden Track: "Bust Outs" Early 90's Grateful Dead
Looking back on the early 1990s in Grateful Dead lore, it's easy to understand why some folks view this as a less than heroic era for the band. Between the death of Brent Mydland in July of 1990, rumors of Phil quitting the band earlier that year and the transition into the Vince Welnick/Bruce Hornsby keyboard era not being met with entirely open arms, the bigger stories took precedent over the individual evenings.
Hidden Track's Ryan Dembinsky takes a look at my personal favorite era of the Grateful Dead and the slew of bust-outs they offered at the time. -Justin
Online Phish Tour: 9/14 In Phish History
I'm talking about the Suzy Greenberg. Specifically, the Suzy reprise jam, forever christened as "Darien Jam #1" when this show and this jam received the LivePhish treatment they'd clearly earned. This is one of those jams where Trey just smells blood. And man, did he kill it. After grooving along for the first part of the jam, he starts soloing in earnest about six minutes in. For the following three minutes, he just builds, and builds...and builds...and builds. Starting at 8:30, freight-train Trey comes charging in, laying down ferocious rock riffs with incredible pace and relentless energy. The tension peaks at 9:20, as Trey starts on a theme that would probably take 3 or 4 mere human guitarists working together to pull off. It's mind-blowing. As silly as it seems to say this about any one guitar line from a guitarist who's logged as many improvisational hours as Red, I consider this the greatest lick Trey has ever played. Feel free to chime in with polite disagreements, full-on flames, or thinly-veiled threats in the comments.
Visit Online Phish Tour to read the complete post.
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State parks to mark W.Va.'s birthday
June 17, 2013 West Virginia's 150th birthday is Thursday. Most major events and activities across the state are scheduled for the weekend following the actual holiday to allow greater participation and attendanc. more »»
Tucker Valley Middle announces honor roll
June 17, 2013 Administrators at Tucker Valley Middle School have announced the names of students who made the honor roll for the fourth nine-week grading period. more »»
Dominion Foundation 'runs for it'
June 5, 2013 Dominion Foundation continues to lend strong support to Tucker Community Foundation's annual Run For It. more »»
Cortland Acres honors employees for service
May 25, 2013 A number of employees at Cortland Acres in Thomas recently received awards for their years of service, including four who have been with Cortland for 30 years. more »»
ArtSpring events set at Canaan Valley State Park
May 23, 2013 ArtSpring at Canaan Valley Resort State Park is Memorial weekend, May 24-26. more »»
Blackwater Falls boardwalk reopens following repairs
May 20, 2013 Although it will be some time before the vegetative area at Blackwater Falls State Park's iconic falls has regenerated completely, the boardwalk has reopened just before Memorial Day Weekend. more »»
Cortland Acres residents chat with Sen. Manchin online
May 20, 2013 Stanley "Champ" Sedmock, a 13-year resident of Cortland Acres, may not have to wait long for U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin to take him up on his offer of a cup of coffee. more »»
Canaan Wildlife Refuge to offer birding series
May 1, 2013 Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge will offer a volunteer-led birding series each month beginning in late spring and continuing through summer and into early fall. more »»
Tucker County property transfers
April 27, 2013 The following property transfers were recorded recently at the Tucker County Courthouse: John Stephen Davis and Rosemarie Davis to William R. Davis, 1.05 acre in Black Fork District, $3,000. Thomas J. more »»
Foundations support emergency training
April 18, 2013 more »»
Student joins national society
April 13, 2013 Melissa Brooke Carr of Parsons has accepted membership in The National Society of Collegiate Scholars. more »»
Volunteers needed for Earth Day tree planting
April 8, 2013 Every year more than 1 billion people participate in Earth Da. more »»
Master Naturalist program offering classes
April 2, 2013 Why are wetlands so important? Is it a red spruce or a balsam fir? Was Canaan Valley once a mountain like the Himalayans? Become part of the West Virginia Master Naturalist Program, developed by the... more »»
Tucker CVB garners award for its website
April 1, 2013 An honor from the Association of Marketing and Communication Professionals recently has been bestowed upon the Tucker County Convention and Visitors Bureau. more »»
Canaan Valley Institute plans open house
March 28, 2013 The Canaan Valley Institution will host an open house Monday in Davis, offering an opportunity to learn about what CVI is doing and tour its LEED-certified building. more »»
Tucker County to take part in Project Future
March 6, 2013 Law enforcement leaders and local school administrators have announced a new drug education and outreach program for North Central West Virginia known as Project Future: The Right Prescription for... more »»
Support grows for yearly Run for It race
March 4, 2013 Pledges from The Bernard McDonough Foundation, Allegheny Energy, Run Jeb, Run!, St. more »»
Tucker Valley Middle School names several students to honor roll
February 27, 2013 Tucker Valley Middle School has released the list of students who earned a GPA of 3.7 to 4.0, qualifying for the principal's honor roll, for the second nine weeks of school. more »»
Granville Manor residents enjoy Valentine's Day
February 25, 2013 Love was in the air recently at Granville Manor, as residents chose their king and queen at a Valentine's Day Social. more »»
Commissioners hear from Tucker libraries
February 14, 2013 Librarians from the Five Rivers and Mountaintop libraries presented their annual report Wednesday morning to the Tucker County Commission. more »»


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Those Quiet Finns
Published: March 15, 2004
To the Editor:
Your March 11 Helsinki Journal about the taciturn Finns (''A Word to Finns: 'For Your Own Good, Blow Your Top' '') reminded me of our visit to Finland in January.
Coming from Long Island, we were startled and then quite pleased to be guests in such a quiet country.
Imagine, no raised voices or shouting. Instead, a low industrious buzz as Finns went about their daily business.
One incident in particular stands out. We were dining in a Helsinki restaurant sometime toward the end of our two-week trip and had become accustomed to the sedate and relaxing ambience. Another diner was talking rather loudly on her cellphone. Emboldened by my newly awakened Finnishness, I ''shushed'' her, and to my pleasant surprise, she apologized profusely for disturbing us.
Try that in New York!
Poquott, N.Y., March 12, 2004


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28 year old man | Hoboken, NJ, USA | Seeking women 22-30 within 15 miles
Currently, I'm doing work in the managed...
Currently, I'm doing work in the managed healthcare industry. It's a particularly busy field but definitely rewarding, and I still try and find time to enjoy the small things. I would say I'm a sincere guy and incredibly sarcastic. I'm not sure if that's contradictory. Also, I may be a little over the top sometimes, but I'm just fun-hearted and I like to tease. Hopefully you do too! You could say that my imagination as kid has never been tempered, so dreams run wild still haha. I'm looking to meet a woman who is kind, yet is willing to put up a fight. It's definitely cliche, but compatible types of humor is as important as they make it to be. It would definitely be interesting if you're more sarcastic than me. I'll privately admit (although guess its not anymore) that as much as I dish out, I am surprisingly gullible. As long as it's in good fun and we can joke about, feel free to pull hearts and strings lol. Extra points if you can talk sports. Of course if pop culture is more your thing, I think you'll be in for a pleasant surprise as well. I think everyone is searching for their Buttercups or their Westleys (movie reference). I'm not active anymore, but anything is possible with effort lol.
Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Political interests , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Watching sports
Baseball, Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Football, Golf, Hockey, Tennis / Racquet sports, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ
Working out, playing or watching basketball, movies, hanging out. I like to be out and about and I like trying new physically engaging things. Of course just relaxing is always fun too
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
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|5'8" (172cms)
|5'0" (152cms) to 5'5" (165cms)
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|Chinese, English
|PhD / Post Doctoral
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Fatha Annette Eppenger Wright
Services for Fatha Annette Eppenger Wright, 44, of Sarah will be held at 11 a.m. on Saturday, June 11, 2011 at Askew Grove M.B. Church in Sarah, with burial in the church cemetery. Mrs. Wright, a factory worker, died June 7 at her home. She was a life member of Askew Grove M.B. Church, where she worked with the youth and was kitchen coordinator.
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Manfrotto 804RC2, 496RC or 128RC head
Started Jul 3, 2013 | Discussions thread
Regular Member • Posts: 250
Manfrotto 804RC2, 496RC or 128RC head
Jul 3, 2013
I can get the Manfrotto 804RC2 or 496RC at the same price or the 128RC for a little more. Which do you think is the best head mainly for photo use (video use ability is a plus).
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- Jets bring back Burmistrov, agree with Pardy, Halischuk Updated: Jul-01-15 4:02 pm
WINNIPEG, Manitoba - The Winnipeg Jets started free agency by locking up two of their own players and bringing back another.
- Jets, Stafford agree to 2-year, $8.7 million deal Updated: Jun-30-15 8:41 pm
WINNIPEG, Manitoba - Drew Stafford gave up long-term security to sign a new deal with the Winnipeg Jets.
- Wild announce 6-game preseason schedule with 3 home games Updated: Jun-11-15 4:43 pm
ST. PAUL, Minnesota - The Minnesota Wild have announced a six-game preseason that includes two home games against the Buffalo Sabres and a home-and-home series with the Winnipeg Jets.


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here are two others who said that you are a liar.who="preston"are you now saying that You didnt?
YOU said that I did. The burden of proof is on you.
Or do you just intend to put the suspicion in the minds of others?
United States
Reply »
|Report Abuse
|Judge it!
Tuesday Nov 20 Judged:
Dust Storm wrote:
<quoted text>
LOL..Regina good to see you are ok.:-) Yea she most certainly did impy very smugly. I dont recall the exact words, but wasn't she supposedly hiding behind a curtain originally where she thought she couldnt be seen? ROTFL Nothing implied there at all. Now she just stepped into an adjacent room. ;0
LOL, glad to see you're laughing 'cause I've been doing the same. You're right, it originally was a curtain, now it's an adjacent room. I'm surprised she didn't furtively glance around before guzzling and then let out a giggle or two as she stumbled back out. I can see it all now!
NOW WANT ME TO FIND THE POST THAT THEY ARE REFERRING TO. THAT YOU MADE. iGUESS THE BURDEN OF PROOF WAS EASY FOR ME TO FIND.LOL


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European Union
What borders mean to Europe
George Friedman | 24 June 2015 | FEATURES |
tags: Border security, borders, Europe, European Union, nation-state
Muslim immigration, a possible Grexit and Ukraine are all shaking the idea of a borderless Europe.
How British elections reflect the mood of Europe
George Friedman | 06 May 2015 | FEATURES |
tags: Britain, European Union, geopolitics, Stratfor, UK
Tomorrow's election could shape the future of the United Kingdom.
The EU has fewer and fewer children
Shannon Roberts | 23 April 2015 | FAMILY EDGE |
tags: demography, economics, European Union, fertility rates
The 'Grexit' dilemma shows the weakness of free trade
George Friedman | 22 April 2015 | FEATURES |
tags: European Union, Eurozone, free trade, Germany, Greece
The Sturm und Drang over Greece's debt and the future of the Euro misses the point.
British childcare worker case tests freedom of expression
Carolyn Moynihan | 20 March 2015 | CONJUGALITY |
tags: European Union, freedom of speech, homosexuality, UK
Is European unity built on sand?
George Friedman | 21 January 2015 | FEATURES |
tags: European Union
The EU promised perpetual peace and perpetual prosperity but failed to deliver. What comes next?
Europe rediscovers nationalism
Stratfor | 16 January 2015 | FEATURES |
tags: European Union, immigration, nationalism
A growing number of Europeans believe that people from other cultures are threatening their national identities and livelihoods.
What ails Europe?
Margriet Krijtenburg | 01 December 2014 | FEATURES |
tags: Christianity, European identity, European Union, Pope Francis
Pope Francis says that it is weariness, ageing and loneliness.
UK government trying to cut immigration and failing
Marcus Roberts | 25 November 2014 | FAMILY EDGE |
tags: European Union, immigration reform, United Kingdom
Europe's malaise: the new normal?
George Friedman | 20 August 2014 | FEATURES |
tags: economics, Europe, European Union, Stratfor
Europe has been mired in an economic crisis of slow growth and high unemployment for half a decade now.
Can there really be a "right to be forgotten"?
Denyse O'Leary | 29 Jul 2014 | CONNECTING |
tags: European Union, internet searches, privacy
Is this democracy? 28 EU commissioners veto 2 million strong petition
Carolyn Moynihan | 30 May 2014 | FEATURES |
tags: abortion, democracy, embryonic stem cell research, European Union
You don't have to be a Eurosceptic to have issues with Big Europe.
Borderlands: Hungary manoeuvres
George Friedman | 21 May 2014 | FEATURES |
tags: European Union, Hungary, Russia, Stratfor
Prime Minister Viktor Orban is performing a delicate balancing act both at home and abroad.
Does equality breed violence against women?
Carolyn Moynihan | 04 April 2014 | FEATURES |
tags: European Union, gender equality, gender violence
A new report indicates that gender equality and abuse of women go hand in hand.
Germany flexes its muscles
George Friedman and Marc Lanthemann | 05 February 2014 | FEATURES |
tags: European Union, foreign policy, Germany, Russia, Ukraine
Why is Angela Merkel's government annoying Russia by supporting the protest movement in the Ukraine?


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Relentless Pursuit
A Year in the Trenches with Teach for America
By Donna Foote
(Vintage Books USA, Paperback, 9780307278234, 338pp.)
Publication Date: March 10, 2009
List Price: $16.00*
* Individual store prices may vary.
Shop Local
Enter your zip code below to find indies closest to you.
When Locke High School opened its doors in 1967, the residents of Watts celebrated it as a sign of the changes promised by Los Angeles. But four decades later, first-year Teach for America recruits Rachelle, Phillip, Hrag, and Taylor are greeted by a school that looks more like a prison, with bars, padlocks, and chains all over.
With little training and experience, these four will be asked to produce academic gains in students who are among the most disadvantaged in the country. Relentless Pursuit lays bare the experiences of these four teachers to evaluate the strengths and peculiarities of Teach for America and a social reality that has become inescapable.


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All hotels in Preston, England, United Kingdom
1 room, 2 adults
Marsh Lane, Preston, England, PR1 2YF, United Kingdom, 800-491-6126
Legacy Preston International Hotel, Lancashire (county)
Lowest price$78
available on 07/11/15
Best Price Guarantee
3-star hotel in Preston with restaurant, bar/lounge
- Free English breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 75 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- 3 meeting rooms
- 24-hour front desk
- Daily housekeeping
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Conference space
What's around
- St Walburge's Church (0.4 mi / 0.7 km)
- 53 Degress (0.7 mi / 1.2 km)
- St. Wilfrid's Church (0.8 mi / 1.2 km)
- Avenham Park (1 mi / 1.5 km)
Everything you need in a hotel.
Staff pleasant. Room a little noisy from traffic,despite this would definitely stay at…
TripAdvisor Traveller Rating: 4
From 383 reviews
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $78
- Family Room, 1 Double or 2 Single Beds
- Standard Double or Twin Room
- Standard Twin Room
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 75 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 7 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking (limited)
- Accessible parking
Other information
- Resort fee included
Nearby Three Star Lancashire (county) hotels
In the hotel
Food and drink
- Free English breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Room service (during limited hours)
Working away
- Number of meeting rooms - 3
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms 3
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Disabled parking
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
Home comforts
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
Freshen up
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
Be entertained
- Flat-screen TV
- Digital TV channels
Stay connected
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Top Lancashire (county) hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Lancashire (county)
- Tudor Rose Original HotelFrom
"Everything about this place made my stay in rainy cold Blackpool, lovely. Comfort, cleanliness and cozy."May 8, 2015
- Village Urban Resort Manchester BuryFrom
"The hotel is situated in a quiet location even though the motorway is seen from the window. The rooms are really clean and nicely decorated. Range of places to eat nearby, whether…"May 2, 2015
- The Breeze Guest HouseFrom
"The owners were very nice and helpful. They made it much easier for me who came to Liverpool alone for the first time. I was allowed for early check-in (10am) with no extra charge…"May 1, 2015
- The Royal HotelFrom
"Spent 2 nights, had a great stay. Hotel is not far from Waterloo Merseyrail station, with easy access to Liverpool City Center. Room was clean and staff were very nice and helpful…"Apr 18, 2015
Nearby hotels
Special features
DiningBrunel Suite and Cafe Bar - This café serves breakfast and light fare.
Legacy Preston International Hotel, Lancashire (county)'s small print
Also known as
- Legacy Preston International
- Legacy Preston International Hotel
- Preston International Hotel
- Preston International Legacy Hotel
Mandatory fees
The charges below are included in the total price displayed:
- Resort fee
Optional extras
Onsite credit card charges are subject to an extra charge
Late check-out can be arranged for an extra charge of GBP 10
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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SpacePolicyOnline.com Latest News
SpaceX Gets First Commercial Reentry License
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) granted the first commercial reentry license to SpaceX, which plans to use its Dragon spacecraft not only to take cargo and crew to the International Space Station, but back to Earth as well. A test to demonstrate that capability is planned for next month.
The FAA was given regulatory authority over commercial reentry, in addition to its existing authority to regulate launches, in the 1998 Commercial Space Act (P.L. 105-303) At the time, Lockheed Martin was developing a commercial single-stage-to-orbit vehicle called Venturestar as a successor to the space shuttle. NASA partnered with Lockheed Martin on the program, agreeing to invest about $1 billion in research and development (the NASA program was designated X-33). Technical hurdles proved difficult to overcome and Lockheed Martin declined to contine funding the program on its own once the NASA cap was reached. The exact amount Lockheed Martin paid into the program is unclear.
NRC Recommends Agencies Go It Alone on Space and Earth Science Missions
A National Research Council (NRC) report that assesses impediments to collaboration on space and earth science missions recommends that unless there is a compelling reason to do otherwise, agencies should not partner on them. The report was released today.
The committee that wrote the report was co-chaired by Dr. James Baker, former Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Dr. Daniel Baker, Director of the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). Dan Baker also is a member of the NRC's Space Studies Board and co-chair of the ongoing NRC Decadal Survey on solar and space physics.
WIA Panel on the Future of Human Spaceflight
Women in Aerospace (WIA) held a panel discussion on Thursday, November 18, 2010, about the The Future of Human Spaceflight: Prospects, Programs and Educating the Pipeline. Read a SpacePolicyOnline.com summary of the meeting by looking on our left menu under Our Meeting Summaries, or simply by clicking here.
Events of Interest: Thanksgiving Week, 2010
The space policy community, like everyone else in the United States, is celebrating Thanksgiving this week. There are no space policy-related events to list. Hope you all have a very happy Thanksgiving!!
Bolden Summarizes Recent Trip to China
Last week, NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden had an "all hands" meeting with Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) employees. Among the topics was a brief summary of his recent trip to China. Other than a brief press release after the trip, few details have publicly emerged until now.
Traveling there with Bill Gerstenmaier, NASA Associate Administrator for Space Flight, and Peggy Whitson, Chief of the Astronaut Office, Bolden said "we got an opportunity to see everything." That is in contrast to the 2006 trip by then-NASA Administrator Michael Griffin where the NASA group reportedly was provided little access to Chinese space facilities. Gerstenmaier and astronaut Shannon Lucid were part of the 2006 delegation.
The Space Show's Interview with Laura Delgado Now Online
The Space Show's interview with SpacePolicyOnline.com correspondent Laura M. Delgado is now available on the Space Show's website.
For those of you who couldn't listen live yesterday, here is your chance to hear this really interesting discussion about how corporations are portrayed in science fiction movies and whether that could influence public perception of space commercialization efforts. On that home page, scroll down to the list of shows and select the one for November 19. It takes a while to download -- please be patient.
Space Agency Heads Endorse Declaration for More International Cooperation
Representatives of 28 space agencies from around the world endorsed a declaration calling for increased international cooperation at a "summit" sponsored by the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) on November 17.
The declaration makes recommendations from IAA to the world's space agencies in four areas: human spaceflight, robotic planetary exploration, climate change, and disaster management. It concludes that a "consensus widely recognized is that many global challenges to come can better be solved by countries working together." A larger circle of partners is needed, it says, but "confidence, trust, transparence [sic] and best practice sharing will have to be the key points for reducing impediments while promoting a safe and responsible use of space." The IAA unveiled studies written by IAA members in each of the four areas at the summit.
Outlook for FY2011 Appropriations Remains Murky
The U.S. government is operating under a Continuing Resolution (CR) that expires on December 3. Congress must do something to keep the government operating after that date, but what it will do remains unclear: pass another short-term CR, pass a CR for the rest of FY2011, or pass an omnibus appropriations bill that funds all government agencies. The total price of the omnibus bill is about $1.1 trillion.
On Thursday, Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) said that voters made clear that they do not want Congress "passing massive trillion dollar bills that have been thrown together behind closed doors" and he will not support such a measure. Senate Democrats need 60 votes to bring the bill to the floor. There are 57 Democrats, two Independents, and 41 Republicans currently in the Senate.
Mollohan Uncertain About Appropriations, Skeptical on Earmark Ban, Proud of EOS and Hubble
Rep. Alan Mollohan (D-WV), outgoing chairman of the House Appropriations Committee's Commerce-Justice-Science subcommittee, which funds NASA, spoke to the Space Transportation Association on November 18, 2010. He said he did not know whether Congress would pass another Continuing Resolution (CR) or an omnibus appropriations bill to fund the government after December 3, and was skeptical than the earmark ban called for by many Republicans would be a permanent ban. He praised, in particular, NASA's Earth Observing System and Hubble Space Telescope programs as highlights of his involvement with NASA over the 28 years he has been in Congress. Read a SpacePolicyOnline.com summary of his remarks.
Senate Hearing on NASA Authorization Act Postponed to December 1
The Senate Commerce Committee's hearing on implementation of the NASA authorization act has been postponed to December 1 according to the committee's website.
Events of Interest
Full calendar of future events (with filters)-click here »Tweets by @SpcPlcyOnline
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Developing dynamic balance is crucial for being able to avoid falls and perform well in both life and sports. Here are five reasons why it's important to train dynamic balance and how adding it to your exercise program can produce results, along with six dynamic balance...
If you've been considering trying a raw food diet, there's a few things to consider first. While it seems like a good idea to eat a more plant-based diet, if not done properly, a raw food diet can make you feel worse, not better. Here's what you need to know to reap the...
If you're trying to eat healthier or lose a few pounds, lunch can prove to be a stumbling block, with limited time and workplace temptations making it easy to ditch your healthy habits. Check out these common lunch-hour mishaps and their fixes that can help you stay on...
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'Project Runway All Stars' and 'Project Accessory' to Premiere Back-to-Back 11/13
Thursdays on Lifetime have just become even more stylish with the addition of the highly anticipated series, Project Runway All Stars and Project Accessory, which will make their debuts on the network beginning November 3rd.
A new judging day has arrived with Project Runway All Stars as 13 of the most talented and memorable designers come back to the catwalk to face a brand new panel of eyes with host supermodel Angela Lindvall, world-famous designers Isaac Mizrahi and Georgina Chapman as judges and fashion tastemaker and Marie Claire Editor-in-Chief Joanna Coles as their mentor. The designers have already shown what they can do in seasons passed but will they have what it takes to impress these fashion elites? The designers must also show they have what it takes to guest judges such as the iconic Miss Piggy, supermodel Miranda Kerr, musician and producer Pharrell Williams, among others throughout the season. Project Runway All Stars kicks off the evening at 9:00pm ET/PT. The previously announced designers ready to sew, cut, and claw their way back to runway glory are:
· Kenley Collins (Brooklyn, NY) - Season Five, Second Runner-up
· Michael Costello (Palm Springs, CA) - Season Eight, Fourth Place
· Gordana Gehlhausen (San Diego, CA) - Season Six, Fourth
· Mondo Guerra (Denver, CO) - Season Eight, Runner-up
· Mila Hermanovski (Los Angeles, CA) - Season Seven, Second Runner-up
· Kara Janx (New York, NY) - Season Two, Fourth Place
· Elisa Jimenez (New York, NY) - Season Four, 10th Place
· April Johnston (Savannah, GA) - Season Eight, Fifth Place
· Rami Kashou (Los Angeles, CA) - Season Four, Runner-up
· Austin Scarlett (New York, NY) - Season One, Fourth Place
· Jerell Scott (New York, NY) - Season Five, Fourth Place
· Sweet P/Kathleen Vaughn (Pasadena, CA) - Season Four, Fifth Place
· Anthony Williams (Atlanta, GA) - Season Seven, Fifth Place
Besides ultimate bragging rights, the winner of Project Runway All Stars will receive the most lucrative prizing ever in Project Runway history. Prizes include an exclusive designer's boutique in select Neiman Marcus stores and on NeimanMarcus.com, $100,000 dollars in technology and office space to help grow their business from HP and Intel, $100,000 cash from L'Oreal Paris, a feature spread in Marie Claire, for which he or she will serve as a guest editor for one year, and a sewing and embroidery studio provided by Brother International. Project Runway All Stars is produced by The Weinstein Company and Bunim-Murray Productions.
About Author
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- Grammy Winner Kelly Clarkson Exclusively Premieres New Music from New Album on MTV, VH1 & CMT First
- CONSTELLATIONS' Jake Gyllenhaal and Ruth Wilson Set for THEATER TALK This Weekend