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Pet lovers often suppose that declawing is a simple solution to a tattered sofa.
During a baby shower I recently gave for a friend, I was chatting with a woman who had several cats and dogs at home. She was telling me a story about one of her beloved pets when my cat sauntered over and presented his face to be rubbed.
As I reached down to comply, the woman asked in a neutral tone, "Have you had your cat declawed?"
"Of course not," I snapped. Then, remembering that this was a social gathering and I was the hostess, I added in a gentler voice, "He needs his claws."
"Does he go outside?" she asked.
"Well, no," I said, "But it's natural to have claws."
I caught her glancing at my couch, checking for pitted upholstery, and changed the subject by offering her more tea and cake.
Later I fretted that I should have said more. Like lots of people who adore their cats and would never knowingly harm them, she obviously thought that declawing was a simple, essentially painless procedure with no lasting consequences.
Back when I was a dog person (now I'm both - but that's another story), I assumed the same thing: that declawing was simply the removal of a cat's claws and nothing else. That was before I adopted a kitten and went to a free seminar on cat behavior at my local SPCA.
When the "feline behaviorist" leading the session was asked about declawing, a note of desperation entered her voice. "Please don't declaw," she practically begged. "Declawing is mutilation.
"Once I was in a vet's office when a cat woke up after having this operation," she continued. "He let out the most horrible scream. Then he kept crying - like his heart had been broken along with his paws. I had to leave. I couldn't stand to listen."
Although her story made me wince, I supposed she was being overly emotional. Surely after the initial pain and fear dissipate, the cat returns to normal.
A little research opened my eyes wide.
First, the physical side: What's cut away is not just nail but bone and flesh - many experts compare it to amputating a person's fingertips right down to the first knuckle. Along with the inherent risks of using general anesthesia, dangers include a long, harrowing recovery period; infection; hemorrhage; and nail regrowth inside the paw (an invisible, painful condition). Just as people who lose toes to frostbite have to learn how to walk without them, declawed cats must relearn how to balance and move.
Then there's the behavioral fallout: A declawed cat feels defenseless. When one of her main ways of protecting herself is suddenly gone, a once friendly cat may become so habitually fearful that she hides or hisses any time an unfamiliar face appears. She may resort to biting when she feels threatened.
Declawed cats may also develop an aversion to using the litter box, possibly because the postoperative pain in their paws intensifies when they dig in their litter, and the association makes them avoid the box. What's more, declawed cats should never be allowed outside, as they can't defend themselves from dogs and other cats, nor can they climb or balance well. To any cat lover who's still not convinced, I suggest simply watching your cat as she wakes up from a nap. She'll anchor herself with her claws so she can stretch to her full length. As she works the nearest kneadable surface, marking her territory, her pleasure is palpable. A cat's nails are as natural as people's fingernails, as essential as teeth.
"But that's my carpet she's kneading!" is the common retort.
Okay, so get her a good scratching post - a tall, heavy-based post covered with a fibrous material like sisal or burlap. Pretend to scratch the post yourself, rub it with catnip, put your cat on it whenever she starts to scratch your carpet, and be patient and consistent. Also, clip her nails every couple of weeks; if she fights you, get someone to hold her.
What if your cat never stops digging into your carpet or your newest piece of furniture? Remind yourself of this: Furnishings don't have nerves or blood or emotions. Cats do.


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well being a big girl i would like to be wined and dined, then maybe go bowling or to the cinema after
I love going out for lunch, a date is a date. Somewhere that neither of us have been. It might take a bit to figure it out, but we will find the perfect spot.
Meeting for coffee or drink, in a venue that we could hear each other and if things were comfortable a ride to the beach to take a walk and enjoy more of each others company. :)
Cocktails on the beach in Galveston, an early dinner and then taking in a show at the old Galveston Opera House.
Ill bring the flowers,,,you bring your beauity and charm,lets see what the world can offer us!
A dinner - nothing fancy, in a place where we can have some really good conversation.
would be be a nice lunch or dinner on the beach followed by a nice walk and a ride on the harley. talking and learning about each other.
Going out having a few beers and a bite to eat. Talking and getting to know each other as we go throught the evening.
Ride, dinner, drinks,& movie.................................................
Maybe visit hells kitchen,or a 5 star restaurant, maybe a walk in the park first.
A good bottle of wine, or beer to start followed by a delicous meal then conversation to see if we click. Then a nice ride on the bike, a nite-cap ? then a big bear hug and a kiss goodnite.
Ride to beach on bikes and go from there.........
If it's a first meet, then we can start simple, someplace to eat and talk followed by a ride or drive to see a venue...live music, the beach, some fun activity.
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November 17, 2014
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Little one very happy
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Native Plants
Q. Who is Mr. Smarty Plants?
A: There are those who suspect Wildflower Center volunteers are the culpable and capable culprits. Yet, others think staff members play some, albeit small, role. You can torture us with your plant questions, but we will never reveal the Green Guru's secret identity.
Did you know you can access the Native Plant Information Network with your web-enabled smartphone?
Ask Mr. Smarty Plants is a free service provided by the staff and volunteers at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
Need help with plant identification, visit the plant identification page.
rate this answer
Monday - October 07, 2013
From: Cedar Park, TX
Region: Southwest
Topic: Non-Natives, Diseases and Disorders, Shrubs
Title: Problems with non-native photinia in Austin
Answered by: Barbara Medford
QUESTION:Hi, I live in Cedar Park, TX (Austin Suburb)and have planted a number of Photinia shrubs in various areas of my property. All about 10 months old. The leaves are curling along their length on many of them in two area. They are curling up into semi tube shapes that resemble a closed Venus Fly Trap plant in shape. The plants appear to be otherwise healthy, with lots of new red growth appearing after the heavy 2" rainfall of about 10 days ago. I have sprayed them twice with Neem Oil mixed at the higher concentration that works for either Fungus or insects, and have seen no change. The curled leaves do not have any evidence of catepillar pupae or webs as might be the case with a leaf roller infestation, however, I DID notice when I last sprayed them with the Neem oil, that I did have some tiny moth like insects flying off as I sprayed them. Any suggestions or ideas? These are still under warranty, for a few more weeks, and I have talked to Home Depot where I bought them, and they have told me I can return them with no questions asked.
It would be nice if you could return the photinias; read this previous Mr. Smarty Plants answer to see why,
More Diseases and Disorders Questions
Smarty Plants on arborvitaes
March 28, 2005 - Hello, I live in Allentown, PA and have a 7-foot arborvitae shrub in my backyard, planted in the corner of the yard where a wood fence intersects with the brick wall of the garage. I have had ma...
view the full question and answer
Grubworms in Austin Flower Bed
March 09, 2011 - How do I get rid of grubworms in my flower beds?
view the full question and answer
Possible disease on Eastern Redbud
October 06, 2007 - Our Eastern Redbud appears to be suffering from our recent drought. The leaves are turning brown in July/August on a few branches. A few black spots appear on the leaves before they turn brown. Ot...
view the full question and answer
Brown spots on young redbuds in Lincoln TX
August 01, 2010 - I have lined my driveway in Lee County Texas with Red bud trees purchased both in Dripping Springs and in College Station. The 14 trees are of varying ages and heights (planted during the fall and wi...
view the full question and answer
Native Annual Plant Substitute for Impatiens
May 11, 2013 - What can be used as an annual flowering plant to substitute for the diseased impatiens? Is Vinca one you would suggest?
view the full question and answer
|Support the Wildflower Center by Donating Online or Becoming a Member today.
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More: Bamboo | Brown trout | Stream | Trout | Comment
Split cane day
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From: Luke Bannister · luke·at·splitcane.co.uk Link
Submitted June 21st 2011
Thanks, glad you liked it. I enjoy making them.
From: DP - Full name and email anonymized Link
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Nice video and great selection of background music!


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Perfect product for giving your hair volume and making it bouncy. Would only reccomend for short hair though as it gives a lot of grip to the hair and if your hair is long it might be too much.
Évaluation du service : site fiable, rien a dire, merci
Produit : gaine et donne un excellent volume aux cheveux, et un bon odeur en plus, très bon rapport qualité prix.
Excellent bounce to my hair, fantastic volume. Smells delicious and doesn't make my hair sticky. I only use 2 small pumps and apply to the roots (not the hair line as that will make it greasy) and that is enough. Make sure you massage in!
Love this product - suits my ha\ir
really pleased with this product gives my hair plenty of volume and smells lovely!!!
Gives volume to hair and holds its shape
Good stuff
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The minor in media studies consists of a minimum of 18 credits in mass communications as described below. All courses counted toward the minor must be completed with a minimum grade of C. Permission is required to enroll in all courses except MASC 101. All students in the minor in media studies program are required to register with the School of Mass Communications prior to beginning course work. Media studies course work will be distributed as follows:
Required courses
MASC 101 Mass Communications
MASC 203 Journalism Writing or both MASC 201 Curiousness
and MASC 204 Story
MASC 408 Communications Ethics and Law
Elective courses
MASC/INTL 151 Global Communications
MASC 210 Public Relations
MASC 300 Technical Prowess, MASC 301 Graphics for Journalism
or MASC 334 Public Relations Graphics and Production I
MASC 323 Public Relations
MASC 361 History and Development of Journalism
MASC 380 History of Advertising
MASC 474 Diversity in the Media
MASC 491 Topics in Communications (1-3 credits)
MASC 493 Fieldwork/Internship (1-3 credits)
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The VCU Bulletin is in transition! As we move from this first iteration of our online Bulletin to a new product and process, what you find on this website is information for the 2014-15 academic year.
While much of the curricular information remains the same, changes that were approved with the effective date of fall 2015 will not be reflected on this website. Prospective students may wish to contact the school or department that administers their program of interest in order to discuss the most current curriculum and concentration options.
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Our anticipated launch of the new VCU Bulletin is July 2015. To follow our progress, visit the new Bulletin blog.


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Grade Range: 4-12Resource Type(s): Interactives & Media, Lessons & Activities, Primary SourceDate Posted: 1/22/2009
Use this interactive document to bring one of the five known handwritten copies of the Gettysburg Address to life! Students can zoom in on the document, click on highlighted passages that help put the famous speech into context and listen to actor Liam Neeson read the entire address. Transcripts of the manuscript are also available in English and Spanish to help students understand one the most famous speeches in American History. This resource is included in the online exhibition entitled The Gettysburg Address.
Multimedia instruction, Museum education
Reference Materials
The Battle of Gettysburg was a critical turning point in the American Civil War. During the first...
primary, president, 1800, political, 19th, nineteenth, government, science, executive, states, executive, United, century, politics, presidential, presidency, chief, civics, branch, civil
The story of the Gettysburg Address, illustrated with watercolors and archival photographs.
Read More
Support for Smithsonian's History Explorer is provided by the Verizon Foundation


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This site and all products © 2008 - 2014 - All Rights Reserved - Cogent Consulting Group, Inc. RTD Products are protected under U.S. Design Patent No. D625,759 and No. 613,800 - Nothing Inside Is Worth Dying For® is a registered Trademark # 3,773,795 of Cogent Consulting Group and used by permission. We vigorously protect our intellectual property and offer rewards for helpful information about companies, individuals who infringe on our rights.


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Fundraising Letter to Parents Dear Parents, Petersburg Academic Sports League (PASL) is a non-profit organization. As a non-profit organization we are ran by volunteers and funded by registration fees, fundraisers, gate fees, and any donations that we may get. In order for us to outfit players and cheerleaders in the safest equipment and provide the proper training for their respective sport, we must raise funds. In the event that those funds aren't raised we must increase the fees to compensate for that. The average fee for a tackle football player is $100 or more. The average registration fee for a cheerleader is $120, and in most cases that only covers the uniform. On the back you will find a sample breakdown for a typical youth league. We understand as parents you want to know where the money that you pay goes. In effort to do so we have provided this detail break down. This will also stress the importance of fundraising. The fundraisers that we do are designed to raise the funds needed to run the program for the year. In effort to provide a smoother process, we are providing this registration packet complete with all forms and fundraisers. In addition to the enclosed fundraisers we will do other activities to include; car washes, yard sales, fairs, and 3 on 3 tournaments to name a few. Your support is important not only to the league but to your child. Think of how many times you've heard a negative comment about the children of our city. Programs like this help to motivate the children to do well not only on the field but in the classrooms and at home. Parents we have hard your voices and we are asking for your support to help make our program the best that it can be. Sincerely, Petersburg Academic Sports League Sample Expense Break Down The following covers a list of expenses that youth leagues encounter every year. League Registration Fees- $200.00 Insurance Fees-$135.00 per team (we currently have 14 & look to have 20) Referees-$35 per game per official (4 officials/8 reg. season games) Security-$18 per hour per game Transportation-$0.00 per driver per hour The average cost to outfit a tackle player $193.00 The average cost to outfit a cheerleader $120.00 Football/cheer camps as well as coaching clinics Concession stand budget Administrative/clerical budget These are just a few of the expenses that a league may encounter. There are other things that play a part in what a league spends. Something that we as parents tend to forget is that the people who run and coach leagues put a lot of their time and sometimes their own money into running a league. You may $50 for a registration fee, where a coach may spend $60 to buy football socks or cheer socks for 6 kids. Fundraising comes into play to allow the participants to have what they need and keep registrations fees down to a minimal. Sincerely, PASL Administrators and Coaching Staff
Pages to are hidden for
"Fundraising Letter to Parents"Please download to view full document


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1975 Triumph TR6 Convertible Roadster For Sale or Trade Finished in Maple Brown, this TR6 roadster features wood steering wheel, and beige interior. About Motorland For sale... More
Triumph TR6 Cabriolet 1975 in very good condition Minilite wheels 1975 Triumph TR6 in colour Signal Red. Interior and body are both in a very... More
1975 Mercedes-Benz 450SL 222 HP, 4.5 L V8 engine California car Power steering and brakes Automatic transmission Signal Red hardtop available Signal (Fire Engine) Red exterior Hop on your opportunity to... More
1975 Chrysler Imperial Lebaron Two Door Hardtop - Only 23,000 Miles!! Came out of a Chrysler Collection!... More
Gateway Classic Cars is proud to offer a fantastic example of a 1975 Chevrolet Corvette. Chevrolet redesigned the Corvette for the 1968 model... More
1975 Porsche 911 Tagra '75 Porsche 911 Targa chassis#9115211030 engine#64J03364 in red with black interior and equipped with power windows, air conditioning and a... More
Same owner for 20 years Very original condition... More
Up for sale in our Tampa showroom is a very nice 1975 Chevrolet Caprice Classic convertible. The Chevrolet Caprice is a full-sized automobile... More
Engine: 350ci bbl 155 hp V8 Transmission: M38 Turbo Hydra-Matic Mileage: 87252 Believed Original Miles Exterior Color: Sterling Silver Interior Color: Burgundy Air Conditioning AM Radio Power Steering/Power Brakes... More
1975 Porsche 914 2.0L Offered for sale is this very presentable driver. Owned and meticulously maintained with an open wallet for 8 years by current... More
This 4-door limousine is in good condition, with a 500 ci V8 engine and 3-speed automatic transmission. It features leather front seating, cloth rear... More
1975 Cadillac Coupe DeVille, This is a two-owner, garage-kept car with no rust and 57,303 documented original miles. The chrome is bright, the interior... More
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Gerald Cleaver's Uncle June Ensemble
Be It As I See It
(Fresh Sound New Talent)
US: 25 Jan 2011
UK: 9 Nov 2010
Gerald Cleaver is an unstoppable modern drummer. Name it and he'll do it. Keep time with Joe Morris, Roscoe Mitchell, and David Torn? No problem. Front three bands with three different styles? Easy. So with his Uncle June ensemble, he casts his blanket wide and tries to do it all in just one album. The fact that Be It As I See It is so absurdly all over the place is one of its defining characteristics. It gets off to a crazy Beefheart-y start with "To Love", but then moves to tranquil waters with a flute-carried "Charles Street Sunrise". His extended suite "Fence & Post" becomes even more abstract as the gargling noises of "The Lights" offset the harmonically off-kilter ballad "Alluvia". Okay, so just what in the hell is going on with Cleaver's band and this CD? It's tough to say without reading about any of its background, but Be It As I See It proves that mixed bags don't always lead to dodgy results. In fact, they can be subtly exceptional.
- Multiple songs My Space
Colette Carr "Static" (video) (Premiere) // Music
House of Blondes "First of July" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Digisaurus 'No More Room For Love' (EP stream) // Music
Fave Five: Alpine
// Sound Affects
"Australian sextet Alpine's newest album is a fantastic expansion of their joyous pop sound, but two members give us five records apiece that helped define their unique musical identities.READ the article


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Explore the process of writing articles for publications and businesses large and small.
Prepare yourself for a new career or transition to freelancing.
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#uklibchat summary – Influencing and Negotiating – November 2015
On 2nd December we were talking about influencing and negotiating, covering a wide range of topics including salary negotiations, dealing with irrational people and how to walk the line between … Continue reading
#uklibchat summary – Accessibility and Libraries 2 September 2014
September's chat was on accessibility and featured a wide range of ideas about what we do and what is needed. We had a feature article on whether libraries are open … Continue reading
#uklibchat summary – Teaching in libraries – August 2014
August's chat was on teaching in libraries and was an interesting insight into what kind of teaching people do, how they do it, and where it's going in our sector. We … Continue reading
#uklibchat Summary Research Data Management 7th October 2014
A summary of our October's #uklibchat on Research Data Management. Many thnaks to Jez Cope from Imperial College London Library (@imperiallibrary) for our October featured article This discussion created a … Continue reading
#uklibchat summary – Building your own network – November 2014
November's chat on networks and networking was an animated one! Many thanks to Manchester NLPN for suggesting the topic and writing this month's feature article. In the summary below I … Continue reading
Internet Librarian International 2014 presentation and chat archive
The #uklibchat team had a lovely time at the Internet Librarian International 2014 conference Here is a copy of the 10 minute Prezi on Tweetchats and Unconferences. Here is a … Continue reading
#uklibchat Summary – 3D Printing & Makerspaces with Dundee Libraries – July 2014
A summary of our joint chat with Dundee Libraries, Kevin McGinely, on 3D Printing & Maker-spaces in Libraries is now available. #uklibchat joined with Dundee Libraries and Maker-spaces creator Kevin McGinely to … Continue reading
#uklibchat summary – Mobile Tech in Libraries – July 2014
A summary of our joint chat on with #SLAtalk on Mobile Tech in Libraries is now available. Our joint chat with #SLAtalk brought together librarians from both sides of the … Continue reading
25th July 2014 Lunchtime Special Joint Chat With Dundee Libraries
Dundee Libraries, Kevin McGinley and #uklibchat are collaborating on a joint Twitter lunchtime chat, The topic for lunchtime is Makerspaces & 3D Printing in libraries. Feel free to use both hashtags #uklibchat #makerspaces … Continue reading
#uklibchat summary- Library design – 3rd June 2014
A summary of our April chat on reading can be found below. A full archive of the chat can be found at https://storify.com/uklibchat/uklibchat 1. What outstanding design features have you … Continue reading


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I've just seen a UFO that appears like a star, but appears and disappears
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Last night, I was gazing at the night sky to look at stars. Suddenly I saw a bright star. I looked at it for a few seconds, and it suddenly "disappeared" or faded away. I thought a cloud passing over it had just obscured the view of that star, but strangely an other star above it was still visible. Then suddenly, a few seconds later, the star that had just faded away reappeared.
It went on like this back and forth for few amount of time before it completely disappeared. I believed what I saw last night was clearly an ET spaceship, and it decided to show their craft to me from the skies, knowing I am probably one of few ET-friendly Earthlings here in my residence. Baed on this, I am convinced that First Contact is near, and is now measured in terms of days away, instead of weeks away...
Solar Guardian
you seriously think that ufo's don't pose as stars? hell i have seen orions belt in the total wrong location before. sorry to break it to ya.
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Book-like hardcover. Includes one 100 page 3"x4" sticky notepad, and five 25 page 1 3/4"x1/2" sticky notepads (flag) in various colors. 3 1/4" W x 4 1/8" H x 3/4" D


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A semi-insulating coating or surface layer is applied over insulating materials such as a circuit board or wiring harness or feedthrough insulator. The paint is electrically fixed to ground and as a result leaks away charge buildup before large pulse discharges occur. For example, pure tin oxide particles in phenoxy resin binder forms a paintable application for the invention.
1. A process for substantially reducing electric discharges on circuit boards exposed to ionizing radiation, said process comprising the steps of:
depositing a semi-insulating coating on electrical insulators, on electrical circuit boards, and on electrical insulating material thereon and
connecting the semi-insulating coating to a suitable electric potential point close to ground.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 further including the step of depositing a before conformal coating on the circuit board before said semi-insulating coating.
3. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the semi-insulating coating has a square resistivity of about 106 to about 1012 ohms per square.
4. A process as defined in claim 3 wherein said surface resistivity is about 1010 ohms per square.
5. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the semi-insulating coating is a paintable suspension of a relatively high resistivity conductive material in a relatively high insulative binder.
6. A process as defined in claim 5 wherein the semi-insulating coating is a paintable suspension of an oxide in a binder.
7. A process as defined in claim 6 wherein the paintable suspension is tin oxide in a phenoxy resin binder.
8. A process as defined in claim 7 wherein the paintable suspension is from 20% to 90% by weight tin oxide of the cured paint.
9. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the coating is a pyrolized polyimide film.
10. A process for substantially reducing electric discharges from an insulating material exposed to ionizing radiation, said process comprising the steps of:
depositing a semi-insulating surface layer on the insulating material; and
connecting the semi-insulating surface layer to a suitable electric potential point close to ground.
11. A process as defined in claim 10 further including the step of depositing a conformal coating on the insulating material before said layer.
12. A process as defined in claim 10 wherein the semi-insulating surface layer has a surface resistivity of about 106 to about 1012 ohms per square.
13. A process as defined in claim 12 wherein said surface resistivity is about 1010 ohms per square.
14. A process as defined in claim 12 wherein the semi-insulating surface layer is a paintable suspension of a relatively high resistivity conductive material in a relatively high insulative binder.
15. A process as defined in claim 14 wherein the semi-insulating surface layer is a paintable suspension of an oxide in a binder.
16. A process as defined in claim 15 wherein the paintable suspension is tin oxide in a phenoxy resin binder.
17. A process as defined in claim 16 wherein the paintable suspension is from 20% to 90% by weight tin oxide of the cured paint.
18. A process as defined in claim 10 wherein the surface layer is a pyrolized polyimide film.
19. A process as defined in claim 10 wherein the coating is a pyrolized polyimide surface layer where the pyrolysis is produced by irradiation or thermal treatment of a prior polyimide surface.
20. An apparatus having thereon insulating material, said apparatus being exposed to ionizing radiation whereby electric discharges occur from said insulating material, the improvement in said apparatus comprising: a semi-insulating surface layer applied over the insulating material; and an electrical ground connection to said semi-insulating surface layer whereby the electric discharges are substantially reduced while there is no possibility that the surface layer will electrically short the circuit to which it is applied.
21. An apparatus as defined in claim 20 wherein said surface layer has a surface resistivity of about 106 to about 1012 ohms per square.
22. An apparatus as defined in claim 20 wherein said surface layer is a paintable suspension of a conducting material in an insulating binder.
23. An apparatus as defined in claim 22 wherein said paintable suspension is a suspension of a relatively high resistivity conductive additive in an insulating binder.
24. An apparatus as defined in claim 23 wherein said paintable suspension is an oxide in a resin.
25. An apparatus as defined in claim 24 wherein said paintable suspension is tin oxide in a phenoxy resin binder.
26. An apparatus as defined in claim 25 wherein said paintable suspension is from about 20% to about 90% by weight tin oxide when cured.
27. A process for substantially reducing electric discharges from an insulating material exposed to ionizing radiation, said process comprising the steps of:
causing the surface layer of the insulating material to become semi-insulating; and
connecting the semi-insulating surface layer to a fixed low potential relative to common ground.
28. A process as defined in claim 27 wherein the surface layer is made semi-insulating to the level of about 106 to 1012 ohms per square.
29. A process as defined in claim 28 wherein the surface layer is made semi-insulating by the addition of a chemical dopant.
30. A process as defined in claim 28 wherein the surface layer is made semi-insulating by thermal pyrolysis or by irradiation.
31. A process as defined in claim 28 wherein the existing surface is a polyimide which is made semi-insulating by the thermal pyrolysis or by irradiation.
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purpose without the payment of any royalty thereon.
The present invention relates to electrical insulators such as electronic circuit boards and integrated circuit packages, and, in particular, to electrical discharges from such caused by ionizing radiation.
As the radiation hardness of electronic devices improves these devices will be able to survive increasingly higher levels of environmental irradiation. For photon or electron irradiations which produce surface doses exceeding 100 krad, the insulating materials become prone to prebreakdown discharges which can produce voltage pulses sufficient to damage or to electrically interrupt adjacent sensitive electronic devices. Insulation exposed to space radiation often becomes electrostatically charged so that the surface of the insulators are at a level of +10 to -10,000 volts relative to other elements of the spacecraft. When a spontaneous discharge initiates, it may propagate so that a large surface area is rapidly discharged. This rapid discharge of a large surface area results in a significant electrical pulse in adjacent or attached electrical circuits.
Nevertheless, it is known that damaging pulses do not occur when the insulator materials are coated with good "grounded" conductors. This solution can not be applied on many circuits where the possibility of a short circuit must be avoided. A plasma can be used to ground the surface and eliminate large pulses as effectively as a good conductor. The space plasma at many orbits is sufficient to do this naturally and is the main reason for large discharges being rare on spacecraft.
It is true that the higher energy radiations penetrate through the coatings and stop in the underlying insulation thereby producing high voltage in the insulator. Normally these deeply buried charges cannot produce large pulses in most grounded-surface situations. The large pulses occur when the free surfaces (adjacent to vacuum or to a gas) are at high relative potentials.
The discharges begin to occur when the surface of the insulator at issue receives an accumulated dose which approximates or exceeds 100 krads for typical electron space spectra. The discharges can occur only when the electric fields are sufficient to cause them; dose is not the cause of the pulses. However, the electric fields will not attain the critical strength until sufficient irradiation or secondary electrons have been stopped in the insulator which occurs typically at 100 krads.
The minimum dose must be provided within the dielectric relaxation time, which is typically of the order of days to years, in order for pulses to occur. Most spacecraft insulators will not accumulate sufficient charge within this time frame, only insulators close to a spacecraft surface will experience such charging.
However, dose rates and electrical charging rates near the surface of insulators such as circuit boards, insulated wires, connectors, antenna insulators, sensor insulators, device encapsulants and electrical feedthroughs have not normally been considered in light of these charging mechanisms. If surface dose were routinely considered, more devices would probably be found to have this problem. Ground based testing of electronics is often performed to a megarad or more (inside the device encapsulants) within a short time. Electrons, gamma rays and x-rays are all capable of producing these discharges.
A weakly conducting surface coating prevents significant radiation-induced charging of surfaces. Also, it will not cause short circuit current paths between electrically active components. Its level of conductivity is engineered in order to prevent radiation induced charging while avoiding current leakage paths.
The present invention is a semi-insulating paint composition of tin oxide and phenoxy resin applied over the insulating material having a surface discharge problem. Other coatings of the semi-insulating type are also applicable.
The present invention is a surface coating or a semi-insulating paint which acts to continually conduct electrical charge between the insulated surfaces and the satellite frame or other suitable ground so that surface voltages remain very low at all times. Thus, spontaneous discharges result in only small pulses in the electrical circuits. Additionally, because surface voltages are limited, the number of spontaneous discharges which initiate during a specific time period is significantly reduced. The surface resistivity of the present invention can vary over a large range of values but must be chosen so that the incident electrical current provided by the space radiation produces no more than a plus or minus ten volt drop as it flows through the present invention. Additionally, the present invention must not provide an excessive leakage path for the biased circuits to which it may be connected. These two constraints cause most applications of the invention to lie in the range where surface resistivity is less than 1012 ohms per square and more than 106 ohms per square. Lower resistivity can be used but is not necessary, and might result in excessive circuit leakage if the present invention is misapplied. And, finally, the present invention may be used alone or in conjunction with other materials as a conformal coating to stabilize the surface components.
The semi-insulating coating has a resistivity sufficient to bleed off radiation induced charging while producing less than about 10 volts. Brush applications result in a surface coating with surface resistivity on the order of 1010 ohms per square for common space service. At the highest current densities expected in space, such a coating when adequately "grounded" prevents the surfaces of the circuit boards from charging beyond a few tens of volts. At this charging level, the spontaneous pulses which occur are too small to harm most circuits.
One formulation, a paint, is a suspension of 0.5 micron diameter pure tin oxide particles in phenoxy resin. By weight, the tin oxide comprises 60% of the cured paint.
One object of the present invention is to provide a process and coating and/or paint to prevent the pulse discharges of insulating material in an ionizing environment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process and coating and/or paint to prevent large discharges from electronic devices in a space environment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process and coating and/or paint to reduce the voltage difference between the electronic reference and ground and insulated surfaces next to vacuum to 10 volts or less.
These and many other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the pertinent art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and the related drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates by cross-section application of the coating of the present invention on only a partially shown circuit board.
FIG. 2 illustrates by cross-section an electronic structure to test the coating of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates the test apparatus for testing the electronic structure of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates pulse discharges from the electronic device.
The present invention is a semi-insulating paint that is applied on insulating material such as circuit boards that are exposed to ionizing radiation and such paint prevents or substantially reduces pulse discharges.
For space application, the semi-insulating paint has a resistivity on the order of about 106 to 1010 ohm-cm. Brush applications result in a surface coating thickness with surface resistivity on the order of about 1010 ohms per square. At the highest current densities expected in space, such a coating when adequately fixed with respect to ground prevents the surface of the circuit boards from charging beyond a few tens of volts. At this charging level, the spontaneous pulses which occur are too small to harm most circuits.
The paint is a suspension of small semiconducting particles in a binder such as 0.5 micron diameter pure tin oxide particles in phenoxy resin. By weight, the tin oxide comprises 60% of the cured paint in order to attain the range of surface resistivity needed with reliability.
The paint is applied by brush, for example, and air dried at room temperature before exposure to vacuum. Negligible outgassing should occur after a week of cure when the solvents have outgassed. The paint may be applied over many surfaces but most importantly over a conformal coatings which are used on spacecraft circuit boards. At room temperature phenoxy resin, for example, requires several hours to sufficiently bond to the conformal coat.
The resistivity of pure tin oxide can be order 104- 107 ohm-cm so that even if there are locally high concentrations of the tin oxide, no short circuits can develop. Changes of a few percent or so in tin oxide concentration are not expected to significantly alter the bulk resistivity.
For paint formulations of the invention, it is important to use a high resistivity conductor additive so that there is no chance for local regions of high conductivity. If carbon or metal powders are used instead of tin oxide, then the concentration of conductor would need to be reduced to less than 25%. For concentrations this low, a small change in the concentration would result in a large (many orders of magnitude) change in the conductivity and thus the conductivity of a metal-filled paint can not be held within the necessary range.
One embodiment of the invention, tin oxide particles in phenoxy resin, a semi-insulating paint, has been tested on urethane-coated multilayer G-10 circuit boards. Results can be summarized: a) Cure times of less than an hour resulted in bubbles between the paint and the solithane upon evacuation. 48 hour cure resulted in no bubbles upon evacuation. b) The paint film by itself is exceedingly strong once cured. c) After several days cure, pull tests indicated that 0.1 Newtons are required to peel a mm wide strip from the circuit board. Adhesion further increased with age. d) Partial (20%) delamination can be induced by rapid cycling from room temperature to immersion in liquid nitrogen. Temperature cycling between -20� C. and 100� C. shows no ill effects after 5 cycles in 4 hours. e) 70 megarads of radiation during a 70 hour period by Cobalt 60 exposure caused slight yellowing of the paint but no degradation of electrical or mechanical properties. f) Multiple brush stroking improved adhesion to solithane. g) After one coat brush application, thicknesses ranged from 0.005 to 0.025 cm.
ASTM method D257-78 was used to measure the surface resistivity of several samples. The surface resistivity measured on the samples varied, at room temperature, between 1.0�1010 and 5.0�1010 ohms per square. A surface resistivity in the range of 106 to 1012 ohms per square is considered acceptable for space application.
Referring to FIG. 1, a typical application of a semi-insulating paint 24 is illustrated. The paint 24 must be connected to the satellite frame or to the low voltage, low impedance to ground wiring. Points 30, 34, 36 and 46 exhibit these features. The paint 24 must cover all insulating surfaces such as circuit board material between 30 and 32 or wire insulation as at 32 and 36, or integrated circuit packaging as at 42 or other exposed insulation conformal coatings as shown between 38 and 46. The paint 24 may act as a conformal coating as shown between 30 and 38. Or, the paint 24 may act as a cover layer for other existing conformal coatings as shown between 38 and 46. A highly insulating coating may be placed on selected wiring in order to minimize unwanted leakage currents as shown at 40 through 44 but the insulated coating must be covered by the paint 24 as shown between 38 and 46. The total space radiation current impacting the surface area between 38 and 46 must not cause the voltage at 48 to exceed the voltage at 38 or at 46 whichever is greater in magnitude by more than roughly ten volts. This requirement establishes an upper limit for the surface resistivity of the paint 24, typically less than 1012 ohms per square.
The surface resistivity of the paint 24 must be sufficiently high so that currents between 32 and 34 or between 30 and 32 are not so high as to degrade the operation of circuits connected to 32 or 34. This typically results in a requirement for minimum surface resistivity of 106 ohms per square, or higher in a few applications. A typical application of the paint 24 would have surface resistivities in the range from 106 to 1012 ohms per square. Nearly all space related applications will be satisfied by a surface resistivity of 109 ohms per square. Particular applications may require higher or lower values for the surface resistivity of the paint 24.
FIG. 2 describes the construction of a test sample 10. Other geometries were tested but the simplest geometry provided the most consistent test of the effectiveness of the paint, alone. A properly designed circuit board will avoid floating metalizations and will contain a sufficiently hard ground plane as does this geometry. The purpose of this geometry is twofold: a) to prove that, without the invention, dangerous pulses result even when all metals on a board are grounded, and b) to show that the invention, such as a semi-insulating paint, can remove the dangerous pulses in a well designed experimental protocol, without loading or shorting the adjacent circuits.
The samples 10 were cut from existing circuit boards into 5 cm�5 cm squares. A small number of the plate-through holes 12 were wired together while remaining isolated from the others; the wired holes 12 were connected to a pulse detector. Metalizations exposed at the edges and all other plate-through holes were grounded using conductive epoxy or solder and wires. There were 9 layers of metalization in these G-10 boards. The aluminum back-plane 14 also served as the sample ground plane. The circuit being monitored for pulses 12 was isolated using insulating epoxy as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 shows the pulse measuring apparatus 16. A vacuum tube Keithley model 410 electrometer 18 was used for most of the data because, in combination with a chart recorder 20, it would capture all pulses. In previous tests of a similar nature it was found that the input circuits of more modern solid state electrometers would fail due to the largest pulses from the samples. The chart recorder 20 deflection measures, directly, the total charge transferred during a pulse. Alternatively, the oscilloscope 22 could be used to measure the voltage vs. time waveform developed on its 50 ohm terminating resistor.
For such samples, it was found that pulses are always shorter than 1 microsecond. The electrometer 18 response time was always the same, approximately a half second so that the output of the electrometer 18 was a characteristic of its response time and not of the samples's pulse waveshape. Thus, the chart recorder 20 always showed the same pulse widths which were about one second wide. Since the width of the chart pulse never varied, the height of the pulse is proportional to its area and the area is proportional to the total charge which was output by the electrometer 18. The height of the chart recorder 20 deflection alone contained all the information that the electrometer 18 was able to provide. The electrometer sensitivity was adjusted so that it and the chart recorder 20 were not driven off scale by the pulses. The height of the chart recorder pulses was experimently calibrated and the results were in agreement with the view that the time integral of the electrometer output pulse equaled the time integral of the input pulse from the sample. Thus the output pulse into the chart recorder 20 was a direct measurement of the total charge which flowed in the sample discharge.
The chart recorder 20 was calibrated by discharging capacitors of 10 to 100 pF at voltages from 1 to 100 directly into the electrometer 18. This covered the full range of actual pulse widths and voltages which were produced by the samples 10. The response was perfectly linear. The height of the chart recorder deflection was directly proportional to the charge initially on the capacitor. Thus, for example, discharging a 10 pF capacitor at 100 volts into the electrometer 18 produced the same chart recorder deflection as did discharging a 100 pF capacitor at 10 volts.
The oscilloscope 22 was used to determine the magnitude of voltage developed on a 50 ohm line by actual sample pulses. Thus the oscilloscope 22 was used to measure pulse voltages and was correlated (by experiment using discharging capacitors as well as actual sample pulses) to the chart recorder 20 which measured total charges transferred during the pulse. Because the scope indicated that all pulses were in the range from 10 to 100 nanoseconds long, the chart recorder deflections can be used to estimate the peak voltage induced on a 50 ohm line. Most test were performed using the chart recorder in order not to miss any pulses.
High levels of electron flux were used to appropriately simulate worst case space flight, the worst case test of the semi-insulating paint. In addition, on some samples the electron fluence was varied from 0.01 to 10 nanoamperes per square cm to establish the fact that pulse rates (number of pulses per hour) varied roughly linearly with flux and that pulse sizes remained unchanged when flux was varied. Electrons from a Dynamitron accelerator were used. Most tests were run at 250 keV. At higher energies the beams became more monoenergetic, and pulse rates dropped off above 700 keV where a significant fraction of the electrons passed through the samples.
Table I describes the results using the geometry defined in FIG. 2. Further results for other geometries establish that larger pulses result from both larger samples and from samples which lack numerous grounded metalizations.
The electrometer 18 and the oscilloscope 22 were also cross calibrated by using actual sample discharges. A sample was irradiated at a high level of 10 nanoamperes per square cm in order to induce a high pulse rate of nearly one per minute. The oscilloscope showed consistent pulses of 40 volts peak and 50 nanoseconds FWHM on 50 ohms, which equates to roughly 40 nanocoulombs in the pulses. For these conditions, the chart recorder also registered 40 nanocoulombs. Therefore the chart recorder deflection truly indicated the amount of charge passed through a 50 ohm discharged path. It is important to note that 50 ohms is rarely a good simulation of circuit board impedances, they are usually higher, so that larger voltage pulses (but smaller current) would be expected on most circuit board wiring.
If one assumes that all pulses from the samples had the same shape as above, then it turns out that a pulse of N coulombs corresponds to a pulse of approximately the same N volts on 50 ohms. The last column in Table I may be thereby interpreted as a guide to the peak voltage developed on 50 ohms, as well as a true as a true measure of the total charge transferred during the pulse.
TABLE 1______________________________________CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS IN THE SAMEGEOMETRY UNDER APPROXIMATELY 0.4 nA/cm2ELECTRONS IN THE RANGE 100-700 keV.SAMPLE ID DURING LARGERWITH OR # OF IRRADIATION PULSEWITHOUT PULSES TIME OF SIZESPAINT SEEN (SECONDS) (nC)______________________________________C, WITHOUT 12 3600 30C, WITH 2 6800 1F, WITHOUT 18 3600 10F, WITH 0 10200J, WITHOUT 13 4000 30J. WITH 1 5000 1P, WITH 0 5500T, WITH 0 4000U, *** 10 8000 2V, WITHOUT 6 2700 20______________________________________
For the paint to do its job, it must be connected to some semblance of ground; geometries without a ground are not tenable. Yet, the impedance of the paint is so high that it acts as an insulator during the propagation of a pulse. Sample U, *** was painted but the paint did not overlap the edges of the circuit board and was in contact with "ground" only where it touched the signal wire. Radiation-induced conductivity through the conformal coat to the grounded circuit wiring may also have helped to hold the paint surface voltage to a low enough level to prevent the larger pulses from occurring. In any case, as the connection to ground is made more resistive, the IR voltage drop (where I is the stopped irradiation electron current and R the effective surface to ground resistance) will result in higher surface voltages during irradiation. If pulses occur, the higher surface voltage will result in larger pulses.
FIG. 4 is a chart recorder tracing of a typical result during electron irradiation without the paint, and later pulses during this irradiation were even larger. The average value (in nC) of the several larger pulses is listed in Table I for each sample. Experiments with fluxes down to 10 pA/cm2 produced the same size pulses but the pulse rate decreased roughly in proportion to the flux rate; however, it would take an inordinate time to verify the proportionality at lower fluxes. In agreement with the literature on radiation induced insulator pulses, larger samples produced both more pulses per second as well as larger pulses.
Although FIG. 4 shows only "negative" pulses, pulses which correspond to electrons arriving on the signal wire, both polarities were frequently seen. "Negative" pulses correspond to pulses where electrons from a negative surface somewhere on the circuit board arrive on the signal wiring during the discharge pulse. "Positive" pulses correspond to cases where negatively charged dielectric, located close to the signal wire, discharge to ground and not directly to the signal wire. The other two possibilities for positively charged dielectric exist, but are not expected to occur (except for rare circumstances) for these high energy electron irradiations. This description of pulse polarities is only presented as a picture, not as a complete description. Actual pulses depend on a complex interplay of features and are composed of the real charge currents as well as the displacement currents to the electrode (the wiring) actually attached to the detector.
A number of tests have been performed which proved that a semi-insulating paint can prevent damaging discharges. The semi-insulating paint is to be applied over electronic insulators where accidental application of 108 ohm loading is not a problem. It can be applied as a retrofit to existing circuit boards or included in the procedure for manufacture of future boards. It should also find application on electrical feed-throughs and other insulators where the normal attenuation of space radiations by the spacecraft skin is not sufficient to avoid pulses in the first place. The accelerated ground testing of electronics is certainly one glaring example of where the paint would be useful.
Gaps and bubbles under the paint adjacent to geometrically complex components appear to be a source of discharges as some preliminary tests have shown. Internal wiring with high bias levels is still a problem to be considered. High impedance lines may still have the problem depending on the voltage sensitivity of the attached components. The reliability of these paint films has not been tested against all space requirements (such as life cycle testing to ten years).
Clearly, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and it is therefore understood, that within the inventive scope of the inventive concept, the invention may be practiced otherwise than specifically claimed.
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The label draws a chic crowd to celebrate the launch of its first fragrance and Croisiere 2016 collection.
East Side Story
I had the pleasure of taking a drive up to Greenwich, Connecticut, this week to visit a beautiful labor of love from Simon Teakle. His twenty years of experience at Christie's in New York, has given him a superb eye for editing the most exquisite pieces from all over the world. His boutique is located at 4 Grigg Street; it is worth the trip.
A piece from Simon Teakle's collection.
Week in Accessories: Haute Halloween


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serial port server (serial server or port redirector)
A serial port server, also called a serial server or port redirector, is a device that transfers data between a computer serial port (COM port) and an Ethernet local area network (LAN).
Tools and Troubleshooting
A serial port server, also called a serial server or port redirector, is a device that transfers data between a computer serial port (COM port) and an Ethernet local area network (LAN). This makes it possible to use Ethernet in place of serial cables, minimizing workstation clutter and also allowing serial devices to be placed far away from the computers with which they are used.
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Serial port servers can be used with all types of serial devices and peripherals. Examples include printers, scanners, data collection terminals, display devices, modems, automation equipment, security/alarm systems, and climate-control systems. Most serial port servers provide for multiple serial devices to be connected to a single serial port. Serial port servers are available for hard-wired or wireless Ethernet LANs. Some serial port servers can also function across Internet Protocol (IP) wide-area networks (WANs), making it possible to access distant serial devices as if they were directly connected to the COM port of a personal computer or network server. The latter kind of serial port server is sometimes called an Ethernet modem.
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The Science of Digestion
When your brain tells you to eat, that's what you do. Maybe you gorge. Maybe you nibble. And then maybe you forget about that hefty helping of mac 'n' cheese until it ends up on your thighs.QUIZ: What's Your Eating Style?In between the mouth and the thighs, there's an amazing system of digestion that takes place. This system determines whether your food gets stored, burned or expelled. Let's explore the biology of what happens to food once it enters your digestive system.On your gastrointestinal interstate, everything enters via your physiological tollbooth: your mouth. The nutritious powerhouses slide through the express toll, giving you power, stamina, energy and strength to rock. Toxic (though tasty) foods can enter too, but you pay a heavier toll later for the damage they do along the way.Through its journey, your food and its nutrients (and toxins) will pull over at various organs, slow down on winding roads, merge with other nutrients and even get pulled over by the bowel brigade for nutritional violations. During each trip, your food hits a metabolic three-pronged fork in the road:
- It can be broken down and your bloodstream will pick it up so your liver can use it as energy.
- It can be broken down and stored as fat.
- It can be processed as waste and directed to nature's recycling pot: the porcelain junkyard.


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Raspberry Pi B+Good price on those with the cases,cards, and power supplies. Nice find there.
Posted Yesterday at 08:03 AM by rokytnji
My Philosophy of a Gnu/Linux Slackware user.I help more than ask here.
My philosophy.
Free download.
Gratis operating system.
No one owes me anything on this planet earth.
It is up to me to carry my own weight.
If I get a snarky answer.
I consider the source and grin and bear it because of my thick skin.
Forum support is free, done out of caring, and is a volunteer labor of love. Done as brothers supporting brothers and sisters supporting sisters. On a journey to more knowledge.
If you are a ingrate or poser. Bye. If you are a fellow traveler.
Howdy. Nice to meet you. If I hurt your feelers online. Grow a pair.
Real life must be a trial then, if personally perceived online insults appear to you inside your head.
I don't insult people but my gruff manner can rub some sensitive egos raw.
This gangster mentality of mine is best. Fsck the rest. I see enough of that in the real world at biker runs and other outdoor events.
That mentality does not impress me in the real world. Same can be said for online folks.
I like Gnu/Linux because I am not main stream. Some easy to do things are OK by me. Like Slackbuilds, Gslapt, and Sourcery. But dumbing way way down for main stream can make me run to BSD
(which I am learning slowly) in a heart beat. Choices have not
been limited to that status yet in Gnu/Linux. If one researches enough. Operating systems are seen as a tool by me to run on my computer. As I said once. "Durable is good. Free and durable is even better".
Main stream is just one of those things I cannot stand.
Just personal preference from a twisted personality.
But a fun loving personality also.
Must be why distro developers like, and appreciate me.
Posted 07-05-2015 at 09:09 AM by rokytnji
They stole the parts off of my pinchiiiii lawnmower! Cabrones.Dogs were useless last night with all the fire works going off. In fear of their lives so to speak.
So I brought them all inside for the night.
My fix has been holding strong since I posted.
Crazy rules on the Mexican Border. It is why I like it here. Makes life interesting and fun.
The craftsman mower has also morphed since this blog entry.
Posted 07-05-2015 at 08:24 AM by rokytnji
Updated 07-05-2015 at 08:28 AM by rokytnji
Bye proprietary.Not using mint, but you could be right aboput the alias. the data is just an old fashoined text file.
Posted 07-04-2015 at 04:33 AM by peonuser
They stole the parts off of my pinchiiiii lawnmower! Cabrones.Those were some crazy vatos!
Who'd steal from a mug like that?
Posted 07-03-2015 at 12:50 PM by Habitual
My Philosophy of a Gnu/Linux Slackware user.Personally, I am not here to help anyone do anything other than learn to help themselves.
I am (silently) of the response vector that they "reap what they sow".
"They don't know that they don't know." ... until ... "How do I ask a smart question?"
and even that is an offense to many.
The Information that most seek is 'out there'.
I am not the progenitor of anything resembling "original".
I am a keyboard commando and this is my-kungfu.
Rule Number One: Fix more than you break.
Rinse, Lather, and Repeat.
It's a matter of numbers getting people up to speed
on what it takes to install, maintain and repair a Linux System.
I read it on the 'net. Same as everybody here this day.
Have you hugged your SysAdmin today?
Posted 07-03-2015 at 09:42 AM by Habitual
Updated 07-03-2015 at 09:46 AM by Habitual
My Philosophy of a Gnu/Linux Slackware user.I am starting to approach LQ threads with a similar philosophy.
1. If not enough information : ignore or refer to the manual
2. If vague question : ignore
3. If asking to be spoon fed information (knowingly or unknowingly ): flame
4. If questions provide background, detailed information and the OP is making an effort: references and hints - but never the outright answer.
I don't like to spoon feed or breed laziness by promoting "ask and you shall receive." I think that if you want to be spoon fed and be lazy, you should be paying for support and advice regarding you operating system. My knowledge was formed over years of research, education, and trial/error. Nothing personal, I just think my time is more valuable spent doing something constructive, fun, or profitable.
Posted 06-30-2015 at 01:56 AM by mralk3
"Systemd sometimes doesn't shutdown" -- collecting links and infoEventually it ceased to occur, it seems. I wonder if everybody is still hating systemd as much or even more.
Posted 06-25-2015 at 12:07 PM by the dsc
My Philosophy of a Gnu/Linux Slackware user.I agree with you both.
In ${DAYJOB} I routinely link the docs to users with a brief but concise summary of exactly what they need to know because, well, most of my customers are paying hard earned cash for support and as such have the right to demand I google a term for them (and that is a dramatized oversimplification, of course, as most of my customers are highly skilled IT Engineers and Developers). I used to assist on LQ because of my love of Linux and BSD, but I eventually grew weary of hand holding. There is zero justification for me to go out of my way to provide knowledge that I attained the hard way if the user isn't willing to meet me in the middle. Afterall, it isn't like every problem posted to the forum is immediately obvious and requires zero mental effort on my part.
In short, I refuse to hand hold without pay. A well-written question that is clear and concise and shows that the user has done work to attempt to solve the problem I can justify expending effort to answer, however.
Posted 06-24-2015 at 07:59 AM by rocket357
Updated 06-24-2015 at 08:01 AM by rocket357
My Philosophy of a Gnu/Linux Slackware user.Quote:Do we as Gnu/Linux Slackware users need to have a softer touch with interacting with members who fail to help themselves?
Posted 06-24-2015 at 02:50 AM by Randicus Draco Albus
Rough script that waits until processes finish their businesses, then exitI think that /dev/shm is quite handy and more appropriate for some temporary files, even more so for temporary files with no actual data, like in this case. It's both faster in itself (at least than hdd) and by reducing writes to the hdd it also will leave the hdd free to only work on writes that really matter. My old hdds are unbearably slow, so, even if I couldn't really measure the difference (and I never rally bothered to), I'd avoid writing things that don't really need to be written, just on principle.
Or, almost that. There are a few people who actually have scripts that will copy the whole "./config/webbrowser/profile" folder to /dev/shm while it's in use, and update it back to the hdd with rsync when they close the browser. But I don't do that, mostly because I'm also somewhat short on RAM. I thikn arch linux even has this script packaged.
But I speak as a more or less single-user (non root) desktop perspective, for server/real system administrators, the thing may really be very, very wrong, for some good reason I can't really imagine right now.
Posted 06-23-2015 at 09:58 PM by the dsc
Shifting Gears (again)Congratulations! Hope it all goes well.
Posted 06-23-2015 at 03:22 PM by vmccord
Second day of summerBeen pretty wet in eastern KS too. Raining right now.
Posted 06-23-2015 at 03:18 PM by vmccord
Rough script that waits until processes finish their businesses, then exitHi, your choice of work directory being /dev/shm... is strange. The only places I consider safe to write user data is /home/$USER or /tmp. /dev is, let's call it a reserved directory, don't put stuff there as a general rule.
Posted 06-17-2015 at 12:32 AM by rhubarbdog
Bye proprietary.Is "weather" a binary or data file vs text file? The "-a" flag is to process such files as if they were text files. If it is already a text file you shouldn't need the "-a" flag.
I wonder if you have grep aliased to "grep -a" on your Mint install and maybe that is why it works both ways there?
Posted 06-16-2015 at 03:56 PM by MensaWater
Updated 06-17-2015 at 03:20 PM by MensaWater


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Be the ball, Danny: Lee wins Greenbrier Classic
Catch the action from the final round of the 2015 Greenbrier Classic. Watch Golf Central 6PM ET.
Woods, Spieth practicing Tuesday at Chambers
Tiger Woods, Jordan Spieth, and Russell Henley play a nine-hole practice round Tuesday at the 2015 U.S. Open at Chambers Bay. Watch Morning Drive on Golf Channel.
Match Play, Group 12: J.B., Koepka, Henley, Warren
The draw for Group 12 of 2015 WGC-Cadillac Match Play.
Giving chase: Everyone behind Spieth at Masters
Dustin Johnson and others talk about chasing down leader Jordan Spieth after his 64 in Round 1 of the Masters.
Henley (68) playing it chill, and playing well at Masters
Russell Henley limited his practice and is taking it easy at Augusta. The mood is light and the scores are down, as he shot 68 Thursday.
Henley shoots 65, takes early Hyundai lead
Russell Henley knows what it takes to win in Hawaii, and after an opening 65, he holds a one-shot lead at the Tournament of Champions.
Notes: How long is long enough on Tour?
There are plenty of bombers on the PGA Tour. They're hitting it so far it's led to a question: How long is long? And when is it long enough?
Four share lead on crowded Hyundai leaderboard
A year has passed since Zach Johnson won the Hyundai TOC, but through two rounds in 2015, he's tied at the top at Kapalua.
Stat Man: Going streaking with Tim Clark
Will Gray takes you streaking with Tim Clark, points out an odd Luke Donald stat and has help from the world of college football in determining the number of the week.PGA Tour's Aloha Swing continues. This week it's the Sony Open in Hawaii, and we are kicking this episode off in style, we're going streaking. The streak in question is 13 which is Tim Clark's total number of runner up finishes on the PGA Tour since 2005 and that includes at least one runner-up. Every season since
Henley rides hot putter to top of Hyundai leaderboard
Russell Henley struggled in his first trip to Kapalua, but he had no issues during Friday's opening-round 65 in his return to the Plantation Course.
Henley leads by 1 after Round 1 at Hyundai TOC
Russell Henley ran off eight birdies on a gorgeous day with little wind for an 8-under 65 on Friday at the Hyundai Tournament of Champions.
Hyundai Round 1 recap: Henley sets pace with 65
Frank Nobilo and Steve Sands break down the action from Round 1 of the Hyundai Tournament of Champions.And then, of course two wins, and the two wins on the PGA Tour have both been on Bermuda golf courses , which is exactly what we're seeing today. He's not always the straightest driver, but you give him a chance on the greens, and he can flat out roll it. Did not miss inside 15 feet today. The scoring record here. Ernie Ellis with a 261 over 72 holes is that record in jeopardy if the forecast remains the same? With the, the firepower on the leaderboard? Yeah, you would think so. You'd have thought if someone like Bubba Watson had of kept going. It was a rather miserable finish for Bubba Watson . Number four in the world, highest ranked player in the field. Finished five, five, five today. So if someone like that was
Winners Walker, Johnson, Henley grouped at Sony
Defending champ Jimmy Walker will be grouped with fellow Sony Open winners Russell Henley and Zach Johnson for the first two rounds this week in Honolulu.
MD Headlines: Henley leads, McIlroy in pursuit
Lauren Thompson brings you the Morning Drive Headlines including Russell Henley's leading at TPC Boston. Watch Morning Drive on Golf Channel.Henley shot a six under 65 on Sunday to take a one stroke lead heading into Monday's final round of the Deutsche Bank Championship. The former Georgia Bulldogs third round at DBC Boston included seven birdies and a bogey. Henley will be paired with Billy Horschel in Monday's final round. World number 1 Rory McIlroy, Australian Jason Day and fellow Bulldog Chris Kirk, are 2 strokes back at 10 under. Final round coverage begins today at 11:30 a.m., right here on Golf Channel . And needing to finish second or better in the Italian Open Steven Gallagher came within one shot of qualifying for the European Rider Cup team. Gallagher finished alone in third place with a final round 65 one stroke behind one stroke runner of David Howl and three strokes behind winner Heniotto as a result the final qualifying spot on team Europe goes to Graham MacDowell. And Gallacher, however, won't have to wait long to see if he is selected for the team. Paul McGinley will announce his three captains picks on Tuesday morning, which can be seen on Golf Channel's Morning Drive. And congrats to Austin Ernst who created South Korean IK Kim, with a par on the first play off hole


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Black Friday & Cyber Monday Report: Everything's Merry for Amazon
It seems as though every year, more and more pressure gets put on Black Friday and Cyber Monday. Not only are these important days for retailers to capture holiday shopping sales, but lately it seems that consumer confidence, holiday season projections and the weight of the world rests on the results.
August's Top 50 Sites: Yahoo!, Amazon, privacy.
It seems that Yahoo! has solidified their once questioned place as the second highest ranked site, beating out Facebook for the fifth month in a row and increasing their margin to roughly 2 million unique visitors (UVs). Not only is Yahoo! beating out Facebook, but they are also continuing to gain ground on search giant Google, having both a higher month-over-month (MoM) and year-over-year (YoY) growth.
The 6 Types of Digital Consumers and Their Paths to Purchase
In our continuing research on the digital consumer, it's imperative to ask ourselves what role digital media plays in the path to purchase—the journey consumers take along the decision-making process. A study released today by GroupMNext and Compete gives us significant insight into the Modern Digital Consumer Journey.
Traffic Report: March Top 50 Sites
The top 9 sites remained unchanged from February to March. Among those, Bing and Amazon experienced the largest growth with traffic up 12% and 19% respectively. There was a general rise in traffic to many sites, across all categories, due in part to the return to a full 31-day month.
Marathon Monday: Nike Leads the Pack
Looking at the foot traffic to top brand sites; Nike, Reebok and New Balance, there is really no competition. Nike.com is the clear front runner. With each brand seeing higher shopping session shares on different retailers, how can brands optimize the purchase funnel on these retail sites?
Does Loyalty Even Matter for Best Buyers?
With a high expectation to improve customer loyalty this next year, Best Buy has rolled out changes to My Reward Zone with hopes of turning shoppers into loyal buyers. As Best Buy continues their push to match Amazon and Walmart's prices and fight against the ever increasing trend of showrooming, can Best Buy turn their shoppers into buyers and loyal buyers at that?
Registering To Be the Biggest Baby (Brand) Online
The online channel is important for every brand, but it is especially important in the baby category. Brands are fighting to establish a relationship with new and expectant parents, in hopes of establishing a long term relationship with that consumer that they hope to span multiple children. This week, we decided to take a look at one of the best ways to build loyalty with new or expectant parents…
Is Subscribe & Save Working?
Image from: Subscribe Function / Shutterstock Auto replenishment programs are supposed to make consumers' lives easier— they simply sign up and then receive the product at their front door without any hassle or worries. To better understand the extent of awareness and usage of such programs, we took a closer look at Amazon's Subscribe & Save, one of the better known auto-replenishment programs in the market. In addition to
The Top Games on Amazon for the 2012 Holidays
Image from: Video Game Controller / Shutterstock Between the Christmas ads already showing up on TV and our friends and family starting to play and sing along to Christmas carols (you know who you are…), the holiday season is in full swing. And while work can get busy trying to finish up all those projects before the new year, almost everyone finds time to participate in the season of giving
Furby is Back and Driving Higher Search Referrals
Image from: Furby is back! / Hasbro.com Furby is back, and er, better than ever. If you weren't around on the verge of Y2K, Furby was the must-have toy of the season in 1998 and 1999. And now over ten years later, Furby is back and making his presence known, especially online. As an original Furby owner, I myself was obsessed with the toy. Now as Furby re-enters the market, with a
Searching for Amazon Success
Image from: Amazon Warehouse / InsiderLouisville.com/ You would be hard pressed to find a retailer or brand that is not asking some questions about how Amazon will impact their business over the holiday shopping season. Amazon has gone to great lengths to establish itself as the place consumers visit online to search for holiday products. 1 in 2 consumers who visit Amazon in a month conduct an onsite search and


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Yup, I know – it doesn't look like much, and I almost left it where I found it – awaiting a metal crusher so that it could be turned into rebar at the Stelco plant in Regina (or wherever they send the mass of metal that is gathered up from the many municipal transfer sites in the province. 124 more words
Tags » Banana Seat
Life with Bikes Chapter 1: My First Bike
I recently started experimenting with my commute by completing a leg by bicycle. It's about 15 miles, winding along the beautiful San Francisco Bay, and affords me about an hour to collect my thoughts. 1,651 more words
Day 20 in a month: What a Beautiful Day for a Bike Ride
It is the last Saturday of summer here in Bloomington, Minnesota and an absolutely beautiful, picture-perfect sunny and breezy day. One might think that because I titled this piece "a beautiful day for a bike ride" that I actually have been on my bike recently. 1,570 more words


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Warranty / Service
- Cut the Cost, Not The Quality When You Buy Open Box Or Refurbished At Tech For Less
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Tech For Less's service was great. They had the best deal I could find online (or anywhere), quickly alerted me when there was a problem with my payment, fixed the issue and got it sent out the same day. Thanks!- David T. (Providence, RI)
The Tech For Less Promise:
Join the over 1 million satisfied customers we've been serving since 2001. We inspect and test all of our products to ensure it meets the manufacturer quality standards. We have a 30 Day Return Policy and every product has the Manufacturer Warranty against defects. If there does happen to be an issue, we will work with you to make it right!
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£5.70 per 10ml
Beautycard Points: 3 points
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Product Information
Trendy chrome finish with intense colour coverage
Product Specification
Size (7) Unit (ML) Height (1) Width (1) Depth (1)
Colour is nice but chips easily! Didn't even last a day......even with top coat.
Would you recommend this product: NoFlag this review


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Top Definition
A lazy persons favorite saying. Commonly used when people are to lazy to finish... well you get the point.
we are like 2 peas in a pod. 2 nuts in a ... you get the point.
by Harrison Kion October 12, 2014
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Specialty Retail
Company Overview of Evolucion Innovations, Inc.
Executive Profile
Dennis F. Madsen
Executive Director, Evolucion Innovations, Inc.
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 5 Board Members in 5 different organizations across 6 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Dennis F. Madsen served as an Operating Advisor at North Castle Partners, LLC. Mr. Madsen served as the Chief Executive Officer and President at Recreational Equipment, Inc., (REI) from 2000 to 2005. He spent 39 years with REI, where he began working as a stocking clerk at the Company's Seattle store. He also served as an Executive Vice President at the firm. He rose through the ranks, becoming the Chief Operating Officer in 1987 and Chief Executive Officer in 2000. ...
Corporate Headquarters
3500 1st Avenue NWPhone: 206-632-7598
Seattle, Washington 98107
United States
Fax: 206-527-5489
Board Members Memberships
Director, Member of Audit Committee and Member of Compensation Committee
Former Director
Chair of Board of Trustees
Executive Director
Director, Member of Audit Committee and Member of Compensation & Leadership Development Committee
Former Chairman
Independent Director, Chairman of Compensation & Leadership Development Committee and Member of Nomination & Governance Committee
Seattle Pacific University
Pacific Lutheran University Inc
Other Affiliations
Annual CompensationThere is no Annual Compensation data available.
Stocks OptionsThere is no Stock Options data available.
Total CompensationThere is no Total Compensation data available.
|There is no Competitor Compensation data available.
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Hi, is there any way that i can display my blog visits to my sidebar?
Just like the feature in wordpress.com?
I hope there are ways to do that.
I found a plugin wp stats helper but i dont want the way on how it displays the blog visit, and the link below the blog visits is very not nice to look at.