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Aluminum Free InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot photoconductive detectors are grown on GaAs substrates by LP-MOCVD.
1. An optoelectronic device, comprising a photodetector having a structure with a substrate layer, a lower contact layer, an upper and lower barrier layer of InGaP, an upper contact layer; and an active layer between said upper and lower barrier layer,
said active layer comprising about 5 to about 30-layers of aluminum free quantum dots of InGaAs.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein said active layer includes 10 layers of quantum dots.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower barrier layers are each 350 Å thick.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the lower contact layer is GaAs.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the upper contact is GaAs, doped with Si, Ge, S, or mixtures thereof.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the lower barrier layer is 1000 Å thick.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the upper barrier layer is 1500 Å thick.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower barrier layers are InGaP.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower contact layers are each doped with an n-type dopant.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein the upper and lower contact layers are each doped with Si.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein said quantum dots are doped with an n-type dopant.
12. The device of claim 11, wherein said quantum dots are doped with Si.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the active layer comprises 10 layers of quantum dots.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein the quantum dots include a plurality of discrete spherical areas, each dot being from about 5 Å to about 200 Å in radius.
15. The device of claim 1 wherein the quantum dots are spherical.
16. The device of claim 14, wherein the quantum dots have an average radius of about 16 nm.
17. The method of preparing a photodetector device comprising the steps of:
(a) growing a lower contact layer on a substrate;
(b) growing a lower barrier layer on said lower contact layer;
(c) growing from about 5 to about 30 separate vertical layers of quantum dots in InGaAs on said lower barrier layer;
(d) growing an upper barrier layer;
(e) growing an upper contact layer on said barrier layer;
(f) etching said upper and lower contact layer; and
(g) forming contacts on said upper and lower contact layers.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of growing the active layer includes growing about 10 layers of quantum dots.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of growing the active layer includes growing plurality of discrete quantum dots in each layer.
20. The method of claim 17, including the step of doping the upper and lower contact layer.
21. The method of claim 17, including the step of doping the upper and lower contact layer with Si.
22. The method of claim 17, including the step of doping the quantum dots with an n-type dopant.
23. The method of claim 17, including the step of growing the upper and lower barrier layers of InGaP.
24. The method of claim 23, including the step of growing the upper and lower contact layer of GaAs.
This invention relates to intersubband photoconductive detectors, and more particularly to detectors prepared from n-type InGaAs quantum dots in a InGaP matrix.
The importance of semiconductor emitters and detectors is rapidly increasing along with progress in the opto-electronic field, such as optical fiber communication, optical data processing, storage and solid state laser pumping.
Quantum dots formed by the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode which is obtained as deposit of the highly strained material on a substrate is promising for developing zero dimensional quantum devices for light emitting sources and detectors.
Quantum dot infrared photodetectors are one of the promising applications for semiconductor devices based on zero dimensional quantum structures. There is an increasing need for sources and detectors for mid and far infrared spectral regions due to the broad range of the applications such as IR spectroscopy of chemical analysis, remote sensing, and atmospheric communications. Similar to the case of quantum well intersubband photodetectors (QWIPs), quantum dots are expected to play an important role in infrared photodetectors. Compared to QWIPs, quantum dot detectors have advantages such as a slowing of the intersubband relaxation time due to reduced electron-phonon interaction. In addition, unlike a quantum well, quantum dots are sensitive to normally incident photons due to the breaking of the polarization selection rules.
Recently, long wavelength infrared (LWIR) intersubband absorption in the range of 60 meV˜120 meV from InAs/(Al)GaAs, normal incidence LWIR intersubband absorption around 88 meV from InGaAs/GaAs, and LWIR intersubband absorption around 150 meV from n-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots have been reported. Also mid-infrared photoconductivity in InAs/AlGaAs at near 3 Φm has been observed.
An object, therefore, of the invention is a quantum dot intersubband infrared photodetector.
A further object of the subject invention is an photodetector having an active region formed of multiple stacks of aluminum free InGaAs/InGaP quantum dots.
A still further object of the subject invention is an investigation of the optimized growth condition for controlling size of the quantum dots by LP-MOCVD.
FIG. 1 is a planar AFM scan images of closely packed InGaAs quantum dots on an InGaP matrix (1 Φpm�1Φm) showing spherical dots.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the photoluminescence spectrum of a 10 stack InGaAs quantum dot photodctector structure at 77K and 300K.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the responsively of the quantum dots photoconductive detector at various temperatures.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the bias voltage dependent responsively of the InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot photoconductive detector at 77K.
The reactor and associated gas-distribution scheme used herein are substantially as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,151. The system comprises a cooled quartz reaction tube pumped by a high-capacity roughing pump (120 hr−1) to a vacuum between 7 and 760 Torr. The substrate was mounted on a pyrolytically coated graphite susceptor that was heated by rf induction. The pressure inside the reactor was measured by a mechanical gauge and the temperature by an infrared pyrometer. A molecular sieve was used to impede oil back-diffusion at the input of the pump. The working pressure was adjusted by varying the flow rate of the pump by using a control gate valve. The gas panel was classical, using �-inch stainless steel tubes. Flow rates were controlled by mass flow control.
The reactor was purged with a hydrogen flow of 4 liters min−1, and the working pressure of 10-100 Torr was established by opening the gate valve that separated the pump and the reactor. The evacuation line that was used at atmospheric pressure was automatically closed by the opening of the gate valve. The gas flow rates were measured under standard conditions, i.e., 1 atm and 20� C., even when the reactor was at subatmospheric pressure.
The gas sources used in this study for the growth of GaInAs and GaInP by LP-MOCVD are listed below.
An accurately metered flow of purified H2 for TMIn and TEGa is passed through the appropriate bubbler. To ensure that the source material remains in vapor form, the saturated vapor that emerges from the bottle is immediately diluted by a flow of hydrogen. The mole fraction, and thus the partial pressure, of the source species is lower in the mixture and is prevented from condensing in the stainless steel pipe work.
Pure Arsine (AsH3) and Phosphine (PH3) are used as a source of As and P. The metal alkyl or hydride flow can be either injected into the reactor or into the waste line by using two-way valves. In each case, the source flow is first switched into the waste line to establish the flow rate and then switched into the reactor. The total gas flow rate is about 8 liters min−1 during growth. Stable flows are achieved by the use of mass flow controllers.
Dopants usable in the method of the subject invention are as follows:
The epitaxial layer quality is sensitive to the pretreatment of the substrate and the alloy composition. Pretreatment of the substrates prior to epitaxial growth was thus found to be beneficial. One such pretreatment procedure is as follows:
1. Dipping in H2SO4 for 3 minutes with ultrasonic agitation;
2. Rinsing in Deionized H2O;
3. Rinsing in hot methanol;
4. Dipping, in 3% Br in methanol at room temperature for 3 minutes (ultrasonic bath);
5. Rinsing in hot methanol;
6. Dipping in H2SO4 for 3 minutes;
7. Rinsing in deionized H2O, and
8. Rinsing in hot methanol.
After this treatment, it is possible to preserve the substrate for one or two weeks without repeating this treatment prior to growth.
Growth takes place by introducing metered amounts of the group-III alkyls and the group-V hydrides into a quartz reaction tube containing a substrate placed on an rf-heated susceptor surface. The hot susceptor has a catalytic effect on the decomposition of the gaseous products; the growth rate is proportional to the flow rate of the group-III species, but is relatively independent of temperature between 450� and 650� C. and of the partial pressure of group-V species as well. The gas molecules diffuse across the boundary layer to the substrate surface, where the metal alkyls and hydrides decompose to produce the group-III and group-V elemental species. The elemental species move on the hot surface until they find an available lattice site, where growth then occurs.
Theoretical models of epitaxial growth suggest that the growth model is determined by the free energy of the substrate surface (σs), the interface free energy (σi), and the surface free energy of the heteroepitaxial layer (σf), neglecting the strain energy of the film. The inequality σs>σf+i sets the condition for the epitaxial film to wet the substrate. In this case, Frank-Van der Merwe growth which is layer-by-layer may occur. If the inequality has the opposite sign, one usually obtains Volmer-Weber growth, which is islanding and no wetting of the substrate. The Stranski-Krastanow (S-K) growth generally occurs when there is the added complication of interface mixing and/or surface reconstniction. The S-K growth has received much attention due to the successful growth of highly uniform self-assembled quantum dots in this growth mode.
The prediction for the existence of an energy minimum for a particular dot size involves consideration of the dot ensemble energy for an ordered array of identically shaped dots. The energy benefit per surface areas is only weakly increasing with an increase of island size if the total amount of material is fixed, due to a slight decrease of total island surface area. For an array of coherently strained pyramid-like islands on a lattice mismatched surface the total energy EA equals:
where ΔEEL (1) is the contribution of the lattice mismatch to the elastic relaxation energy, EFACETS is the surface energy of tilted facets, EEDGES is the short-range energy of the edges, ΔEEL (2) is the contribution of the edges to the elastic relation energy, and EINTER is the energy term of elastic repulsion between island via the strained substrate. The equilibrium structure of islands is determined by the minimum, of the energy EA per unit surface area, under the constraint of a fixed amount of deposited material which is constrained on all islands.
The InGaAs/InGaP quantum dots were grown on semi-insulating (100) GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). No aluminum was permitted in the growth area. If necessary the reaction tube or other growth area is first cleaned or purged of any aluminum deposits. In this manner all layers grown under the subject invention are aluminum free. Trimethylindium (TMIn), Triethylgallium (TEGa), and pure arsine and phosphine were used as precursors. A 5000 Δ thick n-type doped (Si) GaAs bottom contact layer (n+1�1018cm−3) was first grown on the GaAs substrate, then 1000 Δ of undoped lattice matched aluminum free InGaP was deposited. An active region was composed of 10 separate vertical stacks or layers of aluminum free InGaAs quantum dots between two InGaP barrier layers of 350 Å each. Discrete InGaAs quantum dots were formed on the InGaP surface by flowing the sources for several seconds and then interrupting growth for 60 sec. The growth rate was 0.8 ML/s and V/III ratio was 300. The dots were also doped with silicon by supplying SiH4. After the deposition of the 10 stacks or layers of dots, a 1500 Δ undoped InGaP layer and a GaAs top contact layer (n=8�1017 cm−3) were grown on the top. The entire structure was grown at 480 C.
High quality InGaAs/InGaP quantum dots and GaAs layers of the subject invention by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). Other forms of deposition of III-V films such as the subject invention, may be used as well including MBE (molecular beam epitaxy), MOMBE (metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy), LPE (liquid phase epitaxy and VPE (vapor phase epitaxy).
Based on these growth conditions, a single layer of InGaAs dots on InGaP was grown. A planar image of high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the dots is shown in FIG. 1. The average size of the dots was measured at 16 nm in radius, and the shape of the dots was spherical rather than pyramidal. The areal density of the dots is estimated at about 3�1010 cm −2. The dots may range in size from 5 Å radius to 200 Å radius, and may be spaced from each other an equivalent distance, i.e, from 5 Å to 200 Å. The thickness of these data is also from 5 Å to 200 Å.
A Fourier transform photoluminescence (FTPL) spectrometer was used to measure the luminescence from the dots at various temperatures. Samples were excited by a 488 nm Ar+laser with an excitation power of 2 W/cm2 and the signal was collected by a collected Ge detector. At low temperature, a well-resolved luminescence peak for the wetting layer was observed at 1.23 eV (1.0 Φm) besides the central peak at 10.24 eV (1.21 Φm) which results from the e1-hh1 electron and hole ground state of the InGaAs QDs. The peak from the wetting layer decreased with increasing temperature and it disappeared above 150K. Strong room temperature luminescence was observed at 0.96 eV (1.29 Φm) from e1-hh1 ground state. The consistent FWHM of the peak as 76 meV was also observed through the temperature range from 77K to 300K. The photoluminescence spectra are shown in FIG. 2.
A 400 Φm�400 Φm photoconductive detector was fabricated with wet chemical etching through the bottom contact layer. AuGe/Ni/Au contact pads (100 Φm�100 Φm) were evaporated and alloyed on the top and bottom contact layers. The sample was then mounted to a copper heatsink and attached to the cold finger of a liquid nitrogen cryostat equipped with a temperature controller.
A Galaxy 3000 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to measure the spectral photoresponse. The sample was illuminated through the front side at normal incidence. Absolute detector responsivity was determined by suing a blackbody radiation source. The temperature of the blackbody source was maintained at 1000K and a modulating frequency 400 Hz was used. The absolute responsivity was obtained from.
where Ip is the measured detector current, Ad is the detector area, DA is the blackbody aperture diameter and r is the distance between the aperture and the detector, Φis the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and TBB is the temperature of the blackbody. The k is the correction factor due to the overlap of the relative spectral responsivity of the detector S(λ) and the blackbody spectra, M(TBB,λ).
FIG. 3 shows the detector responsivity of a sample at various temperatures. The spectra show the intersubband transition at 5.5 Φm at 77K with the peak responsivity of 0.067 A/W at −2V bias. The cutoff wavelength was 6.5 Φm at 77K. The photoconductive signal was observed up to 130K. Beyond this temperature, the spectral response degraded due to the rapid increase of noise with temperature. The spectral FWHM of 48 meV (*λλ=20%) was independent of temperature up to 110K. This narrow response is compared to the previously reported results of broad intersubband absorption. The large broadening of the spectrum was attributed to the dispersion of the electron confinement energies of dots due to the size fluctuation. The results suggest the dot size may be controlled by MOCVD.
The dark current noise in was measured with the noise spectrum analyzer (SR760 FFT) and current amplifier (Keithley 428). The specific detectivity at peak wavelength is determined by the noise current in,
where Rp is the peak responsivity, A is the detector area Id is the dark current, and gi si the optical gain. The measured noise current, in=1.49�10−10 A Hz−�, resulted in a peak detectivity of 4.74�107 cm Hz�/W at 5.5 Φm at 77K with −2V bias. This value is the first reported detectivity of quantum dot infrared photodetector.
The measured responsivity increases linearly with bias at low bias voltage and saturates at around −4.5V as shown in FIG. 4. This may be due to the saturation velocity of the generated carriers in large electric field.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments and equivalents.
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Fan Reaction: 2006 Rose Bowl Texas vs. USC
Texas QB Vince Young
Posted Aug 14, 2011
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The reader reaction at the time to the 2006 Rose Bowl: Texas vs. USC
2006 Rose Bowl - Texas-USC
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Classic CFN: 2006 Rose Bowl: Texas vs. USC, Stream-of-Consciousness Notes
Classic CFN: Reader Reaction to the 2006 Rose Bowl, Texas vs. USC
Before Twitter and Facebook, readers used to barrage us with their comments on a regular basis. After the 2006 Texas Rose Bowl win over USC, we were flooded with responses. Here were a few of the reactions at the time.
Published January 5, 2006
Thank you, o gods of the gridiron for this bounty of BCS games. But especially grateful are we mortals for the Granddaddy this year. We bear witness to the finest offensive players of the age on one field, each offering to you tribute, each striving mightily for the holiest of holies. Truly, all are blessed. Amen. - Mike, New Orleans
More cheerleaders! If halftime would have simply been both squads in a kickline for 15 minutes without the bands I certainly would've delayed getting that next beer. - RKoch
As equal as the teams were, I can't help but share the euphoria with Texas fans after rooting for David vs. Goliath the entire game. As an Iowa fan, I've been waiting for a moment like this ever since the Hawks got pounded by USC in the 2003 Orange Bowl. Even after a disappointing 7-5 2005 season, my football soul can now be laid down to rest. - David D.
Craig James at halftime: "I didn't realize Lendale White was this good!" Wha? And you've been getting paid to watch football all season? As great as ESPN's team is, that's how terrible ABC's clowns are. - Nate K.
As a fan of neither team I loved watching this game. Ultimately I put it on Carroll. He did not spy Young at all, AND you never, ever, ever burn second half TO's in a meaningful game......USC wasted all three. - Junebug, Nashville, TN
I was born and raised a Big Ten fan, went to school in the SEC and HATE Southern Cal and Texas…..but I couldn't turn away. This was the best game I have ever seen with the best athletes to ever grace a college football field slugging it out until they had nothing left. On 4th and 2 with two minutes left I fully expected to see Tarrell Brown on the field with his broken arm in a sling right behind the UT linebacking corps all with their I.V. bags still attached. And they would have done just that if asked because they knew that Vince (he only needs one name now) would lead them to Promised Land if they just gave him a chance. I'm still getting the chills - Jeff G.
What goes around comes around. USC got lucky, due to a few bad calls at the end and won the Notre Dame game. I was at the game and still think ND got screwed. So of course I was all for the Longhorns. They got lucky and got 6 points they should not of had. Vince Young is the "Man". I was so sick of hearing about USC. Pete Carroll and company spent most of their time on the field at Notre Dame jumping up and down and crying. Their actions show what they are made of. - Mary
I heartily agree with the officials about Jamaal Charles' incomplete pass in the fourth quarter. How can you say that was an indisputable fumble? Is possession determined by two seconds in the bread basket? He didn't hang on, simple as that and USC did not get screwed on that one. 3) Purdue in '06! (We'll get it right this time...) -Rob F, (dreaming a little too big about my Boilers chances next year)
What a solid game by David Thomas. He delivered a number of key first downs. Two, the Texas corners did not allow the USC receivers to get open for significant portions of the game. - Erich L.
The USC Trojans may have provided some of the most dynamic teams ever in college football since 2003 but, thanks to Texas, have now moved into BCS irrelevance. USC has had great teams over the three year stretch but has made it to the gloryland of the BCS championship game only twice, and won it only once. Like it or not, the BCS is the system that has been agreed upon by the universities to determine the national champion of NCAA football. With Texas' win, USC has amassed as many national championships as all of the other victors in the championship game since its inception…one. - Guy M., New Orleans, LA
"UT doesn't have the speed to keep up with USC." "Texas doesn't play with heart." "Coach February can't win the big one." No way Texas goes into the Rose Bowl and beats the greatest team of all time ("GREATEST OF ALL TIME" as Ali would say). Hook 'em - TR
Any Michigan fan who suffered through last year's defeat is familiar with the script…and second guessing Pete Carrol's fourth and two decision? Naaaaaa - KB
Pete Carroll seems to be escaping criticism for is ill-fated fourth down call instead of punting and pinning Texas deep in USC territory. Is it me, or is one of the media's two favorite darlings (Charlie Weis, of course, the other) getting a free pass? Please spare me the Kirk Herbstreit "Vince Young was playing so well Texas would have scored from anywhere" explanation. KO, Birmingham
An epic game with epic performances by both teams, and Vince Young was Zeus to the other gods on the field of play. - (no name)
Vince young was a man playing against boys. The Texas D at least contained USC stars where USC defense could not contain Vince Young. I'm a jersey guy and have followed Brian Cushing's career since his high school days. Cushing will be a star for USC at linebacker one day and he did make some nice plays but he looked like the true freshman he is playing against an NFL ready talent like Vince Young. - Michael A. W.
I must say, last night's game may have turned the occasional watcher to a college football regular! WOW! - Pete, Redding, CA.
USC got every break early and the refs seemed to review everything good that Texas did. USC's offense, especially Lendale White was national championship caliber. Texas never quit, not when their interception was ignored that would have let them go up 23-7 before the half and not when down by 12 with 6 minutes to go. Vincent Young is the greatest football player to play the game, I am absolutely sure he is happier with the Sears Trophy than he would have been with the Heisman. - NJ
I'm a lifelong Sooner fan but I gotta give my props to Vince Young. The single greatest football performance -- college or pro -- I've EVER seen. - BH
One of the greatest national title games of all time, not won by a tough Texas team, but by the greatest Texas football player in the school's history. The Trojans played a great game, but Vince Young, not the Longhorns, played even better. They deserve it more than any team has deserved a championship. But they are and will always be remembered as a one-man team. The game is over and will never change. But on a side note, why is it simply forgotten that one of Texas' first-half touchdowns should have been brought back to the 4 yard line after the player's knee touched the ground before he pitched it. - Donny C.
The game proved a few points to me. First, forced jubilation and hype for USC by a particular network which anointed them as one of the two best teams of all-time made me hate the Trojans. They now fall in the best #2 teams of all-time such as the 98 buckeyes, 82 Cornhuskers and the 86 or 02 Hurricanes (HA-HA!!!) Second a month off changes the dynamic of both teams. These are not the same two teams that played games on Dec. 5th. The game was sloppy in the first half which is typical of all bowl games due to the layoff. - Coach Jones, Cleveland, Ohio
"The USC Way" or not, anyone arrogant enough to go for it on 4th down 4 times deserves to lose. Anyone wondering if VY was still pissed about the landslide Heisman victory for Bush? Vince Young should officially own the rights to the Superman trademark…period. - Fenton, Atlanta, GA (Georgia Tech '04)
At long last, my throat has finally been cleared of a USC team the media had been cramming down my throat. Best team of all time? USC wasn't even the best team of this year; their mediocre defense was finally their downfall. Ding, dong, the witch is dead! - Kevin B.
Best game, best performance I ever saw. Bush's season will be lost, even with the Heisman, to Vince Young. White, Leinart, Bush all played incredible games. A case could be made for MVP honors for White. But Young played the best game I ever saw, on the biggest of stages and a massive microscope in his rear-end. - RK
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Classic CFN: 2006 Rose Bowl: Texas vs. USC, Stream-of-Consciousness Notes
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Aloha Kai Polynesian Dancers
- Hula Dancer in Oxnard, CA
- Travels up to 150 miles
- $125 and up
- Free Quote
Why book Aloha Kai Polynesian Dancers?
Excellent performance
It was a beautiful dance from Elba. Everyone got amazed with their perfoemance. Thank you for made my 40th birthday very unique and special!!
|Priced Fairly
|Lany R.
|Birthday Party in Santa Clarita, CA
|Event Date:
|Jun 7, 2014
|Hired As:
|Polynesian Entertainment, Hula Dancer
Response from Aloha Kai Polynesian Dancers:
Mahalo Lany--so glad we could make your 40th extra fun!
John & Donna Jones - West Los Angeles
Fabulous entertainment at wedding reception!!
We hired Sandy and her dancers to perform at our son's luau wedding reception. The ladies arrived on time and ready to put on a great show....They had multiple costume changes with dances from several polynesian cultures. The dancers involved the audience during the show and their participation greatly enhanced the festive luau setting. After the performance and still in costume they took the time to be available for talking to wedding guests and an informal photo session. We were extremely happy with the professional way they entertained and would hire them again without hesitation. Thank you Aloha Kai! Mahalo!
John & Donna Jones - West Los Angeles
|Priced Fairly
|John &. D. J.
|Wedding Reception in Oak Park, IL
|Event Date:
|Jun 11, 2011
Booking Info
- Fee: $125 and up
- Languages: English, Spanish
About Booking
Whether you hire Aloha Kai Polynesian Dancers or another Hula Dancer for your Oxnard event, we strongly recommend that all communication be kept on the GigSalad booking platform as you book your Hula Dancer. When you do, we're able to offer numerous benefits that we cannot guarantee if you take communication or deposit payment off the GigSalad website. Our booking system is easy to use and handles secure deposit payments from you to the Oxnard Hula Dancer of your choice.
Be sure that the quote/agreement your Hula Dancer sends you outlines performance fees, travel fees, extras, arrival and departure times, cancellation policy, insurance information and other applicable details.
Setup Requirements
From a simple chair to full-blown stage and lighting, there are certain configurations and needs that many performers and service providers require in order to provide the best possible experience at your event. Get a free quote request to check with Aloha Kai Polynesian Dancers to find out what their setup requirements are.Free Quote Request
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There's nothing like a worm with a little pee in it, right?
01.9.2013 / 07:16 AM EDT by Wetpaint Staff
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Dr. Robert B. Kaufman, MD
- 26135 Ridge Rd
Damascus, MD 20872
- 2 Locations
- (301) 253-6565
Dr. Robert B. Kaufman graduated from the University of Buffalo, SUNY School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in 1971. He works in Damascus, MD and 1 other location and specializes in Ophthalmology. Dr. Kaufman is affiliated with Adventist Healthcare Shady Grove Medical Center and Medstar Montgomery Medical Center.
Medical School: University of Buffalo, SUNY School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Graduated 1971
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.
23208 Brewers Tavern Way
Clarksburg, MD 20871
20528 Boland Farm Rd Ste 215
Germantown, MD 20876
19271 Montgomery Village Ave Ste H2
Montgomery Village, MD 20886
19735 Germantown Rd Ste 240
Germantown, MD 20874
6 Montgomery Village Ave Ste 103
Gaithersburg, MD 20879


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> FINA National Federations Development Handbook (English)
> FINA Manual para el Desarrollo de las Federaciones Nacionales (Spanish)
Swimming clinic benefits parents and coaches in Dar-es-Salam (TAN)
The first beginner-level clinic for swimming coaches was organised at Dar-es-Salam's International School of Tanganyika, in Tanzania from June 4–13, 2012 with German Gerd Nottelmann as lecturer. About 50 participants came from different parts of the country to attend the clinic which addressed, among other topics, the understanding and good practices for the basics of learning how to swim. All participants were eager to learn and took part actively in the course.
The clinic really helped both coaches and teachers improve the quality of swimming instructions and helped coaches prepare appropriate work-outs for each swimmer, according to level and age.
Excellent instruction at Swimming Judges clinic in Muscat (OMA)
34 swimming judges took part in an advanced clinic in Muscat, Oman from June 4-8, 2012 conducted by FINA TSC Member Bill Hogan from Canada.
The course took place at the Sultan Qaboos Sport Complex, which has among other sport facilities an outdoor 50m swimming pool. Mr. Taha, President of the Oman Swimming Association, officially opened the clinic and welcomed all the participants for coming and attending the clinic. Then Mr. Fahid Al-Rahisi, representative of the Oman Ministry of Sport, spoke to the attendees and mentioned how important it was for the discipline of swimming to receive such high level of support from FINA.
35 Coaches benefit from Swimming clinic in Kingston (JAM)
A multi-level clinic for swimming coaches was held in Kingston, Jamaica, from June 1-3, 2012 with Robert Steele from USA Swimming as lecturer, which was attended by 35 participants.
The practical sessions were organised with two coaches (Rosemarie Logan and Joshua Bailey) and 25 swimmers from the Blue Marlins Swim Team. The course focused on biomechanical principles for teaching and training. During practice, Steele taught drills, balance and sculling to development and correction for the four strokes.
Three-in-one clinic is a hit in Noumea (FRA)
A clinic for open water and swimming officials and referees (intermediate to advanced level) was conducted jointly by FINA TOWSC Member John West (NZL) and FINA TSC Vice-chairman Don Blew (AUS) from May 28 to June 2 at Noumea's Dumbea Aquatic Centre, New Caledonia. 30 participants, coming from both New Caledonia and New Zealand, attended the course.
The participants could test their newly acquired skills at the Oceania Championships, taking place at the same time at the Aquatic Centre.
Swimming Coaches Certification course attracts many in Singapore
145 Swimming coaches gathered to Singapore to attend a FINA Swimming Coaches Certification course from May 23-25, 2012. Miehe Horst from New Zealand, who is one of the most valuable swimming coaches in his country, was the lecturer for the course.
During the three-day course, Horst talked about the governing principals of coaching, the relevant science to the understanding of teaching swimming, the four swimming strokes, starts and turns, teaching skills and methods for coaches, among other topics.
More Articles...
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14 comments
thank you! "Set of the Day"
SOTD in Now That's Haute!
thanks so much
Love this, great choice :)
I loooove this. The colors match so well... as always :) ♥ (that bag is heaven! ♥)
thank you, thank you so much
omg!!! luv dem sandaLs like krazay && dat cardigan is off dah heezy mayne! i mean it's bomb! && i know i'd definiteLy roq dis lil numba! :D <3
your sets are amazing!! will u p.m. some good ideas? cause i have no clue were to start!
I saw the contest and read about what theme was, and this is such a great example of it. You dressed like her (sorry, idk who she is?), but I think your made a set that looks even cuter than her! Haaha, nice job! You always know how to make a set PERECT, PERFECT, PERFECT!
great! :))
love it!!!
really cool!


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LSI hopes to power mobile networks with ARM-based processors
Chipmaker LSI is taking ARM-based processors to new frontiers with its upcoming AXM5500 family, which will be used in mobile base stations of all sizes.
Chipmaker LSI is taking ARM-based processors to new frontiers with its upcoming AXM5500 family, which will be used in mobile base stations of all sizes.
Nvidia hopes to power sub-$200 smartphones and tablets under $300 with its latest Tegra 4i processor, which is also the company's first chip with an integrated LTE modem.
After a lull, the race to add more processor cores to chips continues. Tilera is developing a new chip that will have more than 100 processor cores as the company looks to outperform ARM and Intel processors in Web-specific tasks.
Best known as the chip provider for OLPC's computing products, Marvell is now seeking to expand its footprint in the mobile device market with a new low-power chip designed for low-cost smartphones and tablets.
Intel's aim is to lead the way in creating the first exaflop supercomputer, so it is making architectural improvements to its processors with the hope to reach that goal between 2018 and 2020.
Intel has scaled back plans for the next version of Itanium in a move that raises questions about the future of the 64-bit server chip, used primarily in Hewlett-Packard's high-end Integrity servers.
Tablets and smartphones will give a much-needed boost this year to the worldwide microprocessor market, which is undergoing a fundamental change with a shift to low-power processors used in energy-efficient devices, research firm IC Insights said.
The first mobile devices with Qualcomm's quad-core Snapdragon chip featuring an integrated modem will be shown off later this month, the company said on Monday.
Intel saw sales and profits drop in 2012, as the company was hit by a slide in demand for personal computers and its continued inability to make it big in the smartphone and tablet markets, but its data center business continued to grow.
The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and a consortium of top semiconductor companies are handing out US$194 million to universities for research that addresses the physical limitations of semiconductors and chips.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC) said its fourth quarter net profit increased by 31.6 percent year-over-year, with demand for its chips higher than originally projected.
Intel is taking the first steps to implement thin fiber optics that will use lasers and light as a faster way to move data inside computers, replacing the older and slower electrical wiring technology found in most computers today.
Facebook's Open Compute Project is being expanded to incorporate ARM processors, providing new options for companies shopping for low-cost hardware to build out cloud computing environments.
NXP Semiconductors is planning to cut 700 to 900 jobs as part of a reorganization to reduce costs of support services, the company said on Monday.
Kevin Lensing, director of AMD's Notebook Product Line, exuded a quiet confidence at a briefing at the 2013 CES show.
The latest business news, reviews, features and whitepapers
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Comprehensive buying guides, features, and step-by-step articles
First impression on unpacking the Q702 test unit was the solid feel and clean, minimalist styling.
For work use, Microsoft Word and Excel programs pre-installed on the device are adequate for preparing short documents.
The Fujitsu LifeBook UH574 allowed for great mobility without being obnoxiously heavy or clunky. Its twelve hours of battery life did not disappoint.
The screen was particularly good. It is bright and visible from most angles, however heat is an issue, particularly around the Windows button on the front, and on the back where the battery housing is located.
My first impression after unboxing the Q702 is that it is a nice looking unit. Styling is somewhat minimalist but very effective. The tablet part, once detached, has a nice weight, and no buttons or switches are located in awkward or intrusive positions.


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Journals & Notebooks
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Alex Kendrick, Stephen Kendrick, Troy Schmidt$12.99
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Antique and Vintage Microphones
The phrase "vintage microphone" usually prompts images of a beveled, rectangular device with a radio or TV station's call letters emblazoned on its top or side. These are the big mics Bing Crosby sang into, or that Orson Welles and his Mercury Theatre on the Air used to scare the bejeezus out of millions of people with their broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" on October 30, 1938. Microphones, good ones anyway, make things real.
In fact, realism is exactly what a German electrical engineer named Georg Neumann was striving for when he came out with his bottle-shaped CMV3 condenser microphone in 1928. In 1932 he upgraded the mic by releasing the CMV3a, which allowed users to swap out the mic's heads to pick up sounds from a single-direction (as in a cardioid microphone), two-directions (sometimes called figure-8s) and all directions (omni). After World War II, Neumann rebuilt his Berlin factory and by 1949 he'd released the U47, which was distributed internationally by Telefunken and favored by recording engineers throughout the 1950s and '60s. Artists as varied as Frank Sinatra and The Beatles used the U47 in the recording studio.
While Neumann was pushing microphone technology in Europe, RCA was doing the same in the United States, especially during the 1930s, the golden era of radio, when it released a number of bi-directional ribbon microphones, including the Photophone and Velocity models. These ribbon microphones take their name from the .0001-inch thick piece of corrugated aluminum (the ribbon) that's placed between the ends of a horseshoe-shaped magnet. Another iconic ribbon microphone of the prewar period was the BBC-Marconi Type A, which was designed by a BBC technician named Dr. Alexander and manufactured by Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Co. of London.
Best of the Web ("Hall of Fame")
Testing 1, 2, 3. Stan Coutant's tribute to the vintage mic is clear and vibrant. Start at the table of contents fo… [read review or visit site]
The Vintage Knob
The Vintage Knob is an extensive resource on all types of audio electronics organized by manufacturer, from Aiwa to… [read review or visit site]
Jim's Antique Radio Museum
Jim Tripp's showcase of radios from the 1920s to late 1950s, organized by style and theme (wood, console, plastic, … [read review or visit site]
The Radio Attic's Archives
This photo gallery of over 7800 vintage radios, categorized by manufacturer and model number, is a group effort wit… [read review or visit site]
Alan Voorhees' reference resource for vintage radio collectors includes a photo gallery, article library, PDF archi… [read review or visit site]
This vast archive and community of radio collectors features over 120,000 radio model listings and 350,000 photos a… [read review or visit site]
Phil's Old Radios
This extensive collection of antique radios includes beautiful photos and detailed historical descriptions. The sit… [read review or visit site]
John Pelham's collection of wood and plastic radios from the 1930's and 40's. What sets this site apart is the deta… [read review or visit site]
Steve Erenberg's extremely wacky and well-done collection of vintage mad-scientist devices and contraptions. Writte… [read review or visit site]
Clubs & Associations
- Antique Wireless Association
- Southeastern Antique Radio Society
- New Jersey Antique Radio Club
- British Vintage Wireless Society
- California Historical Radio Society
Discussion Forums
Other Great Reference Sites
Most watched eBay auctions
Recent News: Microphones
Source: Google News
Watch Tyrese And Jennifer Hudson Take Us Back To The 60's In "Shame" VideoVibe, June 30th
Hudson, dressed from head to toe in 60's garb channeled somewhat The Supremes with a big gray vintage microphones to match. While the Motown era inspired performance went on we also see brief interludes of Tyrese caught red-handed in the act...Read more
Songbyrd Music House Opens in AdMo with Burgers, Whiskey-Ades, and Plenty ...Washingtonian.com (blog), June 30th
Bars on both floors pour straightforward cocktails like Green Hat gin and tonics or "whiskey-ade (whiskey, lemonade, ginger syrup), or beers from taps outfitted with vintage microphones. Like at the adjoining Record Café, chef Matthew Richardson...Read more
On Stage: Summer concert schedule 'heats up' across regionThe Unionville Times, June 26th
The summer concert schedule is in full swing right now and that means there is a tasty smörgåsbord of live music at various venues over the next week that is guaranteed to sate fans' appetites. Texas is represented by a veteran outlaw country singer...Read more
Musical entrepreneur says Nambour is ready for arts revivalThe Sunshine Coast Daily, June 22nd
The best part of ElevenPM isn't the tasteful nod to the past, with emerald walls and vintage microphones. Nor is it the old mixing desk, or meticulously planned layout. It's Pete. Pete has been classically trained in piano, violin and vocals from the...Read more
Jerry Joseph and the Jackmormons – World Café Live, Philadelphia PA 6/11/15 ...Glide Magazine, June 16th
Turner sang through what a appeared to be vintage microphones, and the songwriter cruised through his set with original songs that included, "See How Far I Get", "I Killed the Girl (Because She was Killing Me)" and "Long Gone". Turner channeled his...Read more
For fans of talented singing sisters, reason for their success is no secretThe Daily Progress, June 12th
They brought in Nashville session players and recorded on old-school equipment, including a vintage microphone and vintage tape. There were no computers, no bells and whistles, just two young singers who produced a sound and album from a bygone era ...Read more
Qi Zhong TianTime Out Hong Kong, June 7th
When we enter, lotus-themed ceiling plaster continues the ancient Chinese theme, but the chandeliers, a gramophone and a vintage microphone seem to indicate a more recent part of Chinese history. The menu doesn't reflect anything to do with ancient ...Read more
Stephen Bartlett on the pros and cons of vintage microphonesAudio Media International, March 24th
Producer and engineer steps into the classic vs modern debate and explains what to look out for when making a mic purchase. Producer and engineer Stephen Bartlett steps into the vintage versus modern debate and looks at how the choice of microphone ...Read more


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Labour Administration and Labour Inspection
A practical guide for labour inspectors
Investigation of occupational accidents and diseases
The guide provides inspectors with information on the importance of, and a suggested methodology for, conducting effective investigations and compiling reports.
Rana Plaza, two years on
Factory inspector, a challenging but honourable job
22 April 2015
Since the Rana Plaza garment factory collapse there has been a sustained effort to enhance the capacity and efficiency of the Labour Inspectorate. ILO is supporting this process through its Working Conditions in the Ready-Made Garment Sector Programme funded by Canada, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Amongst the newly recruited inspectors trained by ILO is 27-year-old Farzana Islam.
Addressing the challenges of undeclared work
19 February 2015
The ILO Decent Work Team and Country Office for Central and Eastern Europe and the Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch organized a workshop in Podgorica aimed at strengthening the capacities of the Administration of Inspection Affairs to address the challenges of undeclared work.
Employment policies
An EU-funded Project, implemented by the ILO, contributed to better employment services and improved vocational education in Albania
22 January 2015
The Delegation of the European Union to Albania and the International Labour Organization (ILO), in cooperation with the Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth, presented results a three-year Human Resources Development project for Albania on 15 January 2015 in Tirana.
Sandra Polaski: "important improvements still required in many areas"
20 October 2014
At an ILO-EU stocktaking meeting on the Sustainability Compact for Bangladesh, ILO Deputy Director-General Sandra Polaski said that despite important progress made in terms of labour conditions, a lot of work still remains to be done.
Labour administration is a major source of information in its fields of competence for government, employers and workers; it is an active intermediary in the prevention and settlement of labour disputes; it is an informed observer of the trends in society by virtue of its special links with the social partners; it is a provider of effective solutions to the evolving needs of its users; it bears responsibility for an increasing part of public expenditure. Yet employers and workers are also calling for better resources for Ministries of Labour and inspectorates, to promote fairness and a 'level playing field', and to make Decent Work a reality.
The ILO Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch (LABADMIN/OSH) aims at assisting constituents in promoting Decent Work through the strengthening of labour administration machinery, including labour inspection, and making them more effective. The 2008 ILO Declaration of Social Justice for a Fair Globalization has reaffirmed the need to "strengthen the ILO's capacity to assist its members' efforts to reach the ILO's objectives in the context of globalization… and of promoting social dialogue and tripartism as the most appropriate methods for (among other)… the building of effective labour inspection systems."


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About StumbleDNA StumbleDNA
Leon's Likes In Interest Car Parts
This Electronic Flashing Paint Is The Most Incredible Car...
How Manual Transmissions Work - HowStuffWorks
A manual transmission keeps you tuned in to your car. Learn the basics of a manual transmission and explore transmission parts and the inner workings of transmissions.
Video: the best save you'll see today - BBC Top Gear
Video: the best save you'll see today
Changing A VW Beetle's Fan Belt While The Engine's Still...
The Quest to Break "10″: Johan's Turbo E30 M3
The BMW E30 M3 is regarded by many as the best BMW ever made. It set standards still held today as to what a performance car should be; a certain degree of
In the Gearbox - How Sequential Gearboxes Work
Combine the ease of an automatic with the driver control of a manual, and what you've got is a sequential manual transmission. A simple forward push advances the gear. Learn all about the sequential gearbox.
5 Buxom Test Drives
This man covered his old junk car in expanding foam. Now...
1974 Porsche 3.0 Carrera RSR - Silodrome
You Won't Find These in the IKEA Catalog « Frugal Mechanic...
You know you're a 'car-guy' when you take parts that are lying around in your garage and turn them into furniture to display in your home. Something tells me the skilled craftsmen who built these items aren't married.
Track N Go - Wheel Driven Track System
How to Maintain a Car at 100,000 Miles
NRE '69 Camaro Packs 2000HP
Maybe the uncharged paramagnetic paint on the car did not...
Maybe the uncharged paramagnetic paint on the car above did not catch your attention so how about Invisible Paint?


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707 Grant StreetSuite 3200 Gulf TowerPittsburgh, PA 15219
Licensed for 40 years
Go back to Jerry's profile.


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November 7, 2011 Dear Partner: Greenlight Capital, L.P., Greenlight Capital Qualified, L.P. and Greenlight Capital Offshore (collectively, the "Partnerships") returned (1.2)%, (0.6)% and (0.8)%1 net of fees and expenses, respectively, in the third quarter of 2011, bringing the respective year to date net returns to (6.2)%, (5.6)% and (6.1)%.1 The quarterly letter is a little bit later than usual as we spent the window in which we usually write the letter (the couple of weeks between the end of the quarter and the beginning of earnings season) preparing a presentation for the Value Investing Congress. This year, David presented the thesis behind our Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR) short position. After our presentation, one of the largest GMCR shareholders sent us a Keurig coffee brewer and ten K-cup boxes of coffee straight from the warehouse. Not only did we appreciate the gesture, it was nice of them to assist in our field research, as the majority of the K-cups were too close to expiration to be sold through normal retail channels. The PowerPoint slide-show that supported David's speech has been widely disseminated, and we believe that it is contributing to the conversation about GMCR. The reaction from the press has been better than our previous experiences, as the attention has focused on the merits of the argument (without the personal attacks that often follow these sorts of presentations). We can't say the same for the sell-side analysts. KeyBanc Capital Markets' analyst offered a more nuanced response than the title of their report would suggest ("A New Credible Source, but the Same Old Short Thesis"), but Mitchell Pinheiro of Janney Capital Markets wrote, "There is not a single argument that Einhorn presented today that couldn't have been made or wasn't made a year ago when the stock was at $30 per share." We disagree. Much of our analysis is dedicated to things that have happened in the last year. For example, we haven't seen others question whether GMCR has inflated its March 2011 quarterly results by burying operating expenses from the Van Houtte acquisition into goodwill. Though aspects of the recent Starbucks deal with GMCR have been questioned previously, we have not seen anyone dissect the economics of the deal. And while consumers across the web have repeatedly pointed out the high cost of K-cups compared to traditional alternatives, analysts seem to have ignored this. But we think two of the bigger 1 Source: Greenlight. Please refer to information contained in the disclosures at the end of the letter. 2 Gr and Cen tr a l Tower 140 East 45 t h S tr e e t, 2 4 t h F lo o r N ew York , NY 10017 Phon e: 212-973-1900 Fax 212-973-9219 www.gr een ligh tcap ital. com Page 2 issues we raised are the accounting issues stemming from GMCR's capital spending and the relationship with the company's key fulfillment partner, M. Block & Sons. GMCR spent $350 million to expand its operations in 2011 and plans to spend twice that in 2012. It costs about $20 million to create enough manufacturing capacity to roast and package 1 billion K-cups a year. GMCR needs to expand capacity by a few billion K-cups a year, which may explain perhaps $100 million of annual spending. So where did GMCR spend the balance of the $350 million in 2011 and where does it plan to spend the balance of $700 million in 2012? If it can't be explained, it raises the question: where is the money going? The part of the presentation that has garnered substantial attention is the field research section. Here, we reported on the results of recent interviews we conducted with former workers of GMCR and M. Block & Sons, who offered consistent reports of recent apparent misconduct. While most of the sell-side has largely ignored this topic, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey (whose banking arm, along with Janney Capital Markets, has received significant fees from underwriting GMCR offerings) came out with the following: "This is not new 'field research.' Instead, it was lifted from a deposition in a year old shareholder lawsuit." The analyst, Bill Chappell told Forbes, "If you look, there's no quote, there's no M. Block employee talking about 2010 or 2011. It all has to do with 2009, of which they've since restated their numbers and scrubbed their numbers… It's not new field research. It's all taken from a class action lawsuit that has publicly been out there for six months. You'd have to ask him why he didn't find anything new this year." Mr. Chappell didn't ask us himself and apparently he didn't look very hard because the presentation is replete with quotes about 2011 and explains that our field research only began with what we learned in the class action lawsuit. It is perhaps GMCR's non-response that has been most surprising. It has remained silent since our presentation, citing a self-imposed, artificial 'quiet period' before it announces earnings, which are scheduled to be released shortly. It will be interesting to see whether and how management plans to address the serious questions we have raised. It has been an eventful third quarter. While the market had a broad decline with a lot of volatility, our conservatively positioned portfolio essentially went sideways with much lower volatility. Generally, our longs fell a bit more than the market, but our shorts fell even more and our macro investments helped mitigate the loss from being net long in a declining market. The biggest winner was the energy-technology short that spiked in the first quarter, gave back the gain in the second quarter and fell precipitously in the third quarter. Our gold investment was the second largest winner as the price advanced from $1,499 to $1,624 an ounce. During the quarter we exchanged a portion of our gold position for additional investment in the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (GDX). While the price of gold has advanced significantly, the shares of gold miners have not. It has reached the point where gold mining stocks should do well even in a stable gold market; we expect the price of Page 3 gold to appreciate further, so gold miners should do even better. Even with the reduction, physical gold continues to be our largest portfolio holding. The biggest loser in the quarter was Arkema (France: AKE), whose shares fell from €70.99 to €44.00, as the market discounted the earnings of cyclical companies. Generally, we had minimal long cyclical exposure heading into the quarter, as we had sold Vicat, Lanxess and nearly half of our AKE stake. Nonetheless, we kept some AKE as the valuation appeared reasonable even at the top. We believe that the recent decline is more than overdone and have repurchased a portion of the shares we had sold. Sprint (S) shares fell from $5.39 to $3.04 in the quarter. First the company announced a disappointing quarterly result, driven by increased phone subsidies in an effort to achieve its targeted level of customers. From there, management went into an investor relations meltdown, hosting an investor day where S presented a capex-driven funding requirement over the next two years that was greater than it had previously communicated, and at the same time failed to explain how S would fund the additional investment. The company even managed to bungle the October announcement that it would finally offer the iPhone. Management is on the verge of losing the confidence of the financial markets. We believe the business opportunity and asset values remain sufficient to justify holding the shares, and we wouldn't be surprised if shareholders begin to agitate for significant strategic change. Given the heavy need to invest, the S opportunity may be better pursued by a new owner with a lower cost of capital. Delta Lloyd (Netherlands: DL) was the other significant loser during the quarter. The shares fell from €16.39 to €11.95 as the market sold all European financials, regardless of the actual exposure to the sovereign debt and banking crisis, to which DL does not have very much. We believe the business performed very well and that management is alert to the crisis and has planned well for it. During the quarter, we established positions in CBS Corporation (CBS), General Motors Company (GM) and Marvell Technology Group Ltd. (MRVL). CBS is a diversified multimedia company with businesses that include a top-rated TV network, digital content production, publishing and outdoor advertising. CBS stands to benefit from growing retransmission fees (payments) by cable operators for the right to carry CBS stations. We believe this income stream could amount to several hundred million dollars of new earnings to CBS annually. The company has also been early and aggressive in pursuing high margin incremental deals with online video streaming services like Netflix to monetize its content library. CBS will also benefit from a broader recovery in advertising markets and what looks to be a big upcoming political cycle. CBS is repurchasing stock and has reduced debt. We established a position in CBS at an average price of $20.79 per share, less than 10x our estimate of 2012 earnings. The shares ended the quarter at $20.38 each. GM is the largest auto manufacturer in the United States. After the business failed under its legacy high-cost structure during the recession, the U.S. government bailed out the Page 4 company and took over most of the ownership. Last November, GM completed an IPO of about 30% of its stock at $33 per share. The government continues to own about one-third of the company. After the IPO, the shares initially advanced to almost $40 before retreating. When the shares broke the IPO price, we determined that the shares were attractive, but only purchased a small position, believing that there might be a better opportunity later when the government exited the rest of its stock. Instead, during a weak third quarter where the market punished all cyclical stocks, the shares fell well below the price where we planned to add to our position. We decided that the shares were cheap enough that we were more than fully compensated for the possible overhang of the government's stake, and we established a position at an average price of $25.78 per share. GM is being priced by the market as a cyclical company trading at less than 6x this year's earnings. While some may see it as normal to value cyclicals at low multiples of peak earnings, we believe that 2011 is not a peak and, in fact, is below mid-cycle. Prior to the crisis, U.S. auto sales ran between 15 and 19 million units for many years. While sales have bounced from the recession low to about 13 million units, GM is poised to grow earnings from both a return to mid-cycle volumes, which we estimate to be 15 million units, and from a coming major refresh of its North American product portfolio. The market appears focused on GM's "legacy liabilities." However, the new GM does not have pension and healthcare liabilities that are likely to over-run the company. Instead, GM sits with $33 billion of gross cash which represents nearly its entire current market capitalization. We see potential for GM to begin to return capital to shareholders over the next year. While we are cognizant of the various investment risks that include near-term global economic weakness and the government ownership overhang, we think these concerns are more than priced in at current levels and see significant upside even if the U.S. experiences a very slow "new normal" type of economic recovery. The shares ended the quarter at $20.18 each. MRVL designs semiconductors that serve as the brains of cell phones and hard disk drives. The Street is bearish because hard disk drives may eventually be replaced by flash memory (SSD, or "solid state drive"), and because MRVL's largest cell phone customer has been Research In Motion (RIMM), a structural loser. In our view, hard disk drives show no sign of disappearing any time soon, and MRVL's position in the SSD storage market is at least as strong as its position in the hard disk drive market. In cell phones, RIMM has already declined sharply as a proportion of MRVL's sales, and MRVL has offset it with growth from new customers. Meanwhile, the shares are cheap at 6x our 2012 earnings estimate net of almost $4 per share in cash. We established our position in MRVL at an average price of $13.35 per share. We expect MRVL to buy back 12% of its stock this year, and still have about 30% of its market cap in cash. In short, this is a well-run company in structurally-defensible markets that is being valued as if it is neither. The shares ended the quarter at $14.53 each. We exited several significant positions worth noting during the quarter. We exited Pfizer because much of our thesis played out and we became increasingly concerned about future reimbursement cuts for branded pharmaceuticals and the recent Page 5 disclosure of additional government investigations into its marketing practices. Over our two and a half year holding period, the investment generated a double-digit annualized return that modestly outperformed the market. We sold BP at a roughly break-even result in fear of falling energy prices and to make room for new opportunities, including those described above. We exited our profitable multi-year short in Amedisys. Reimbursement reductions, aggressive accounting and questionable business practices finally caught up with the company. Gaurav Sharma joined us at the end of August as an analyst. Prior to Greenlight, Gaurav worked at Highbridge Capital Management in London. Of Indian descent, born and raised in Australia, formerly living in the U.K. and now residing in New York, Gaurav notes that he has no exposure to the sovereign debt of any of those nations. Welcome Gaurav! In addition, Dennis Loffredo, an Operations Analyst, left to pursue other endeavors. We thank him for his contributions and wish him well. Also, during the quarter we added Credit Suisse to our roster of prime brokers. The Greenlight children continued to outpace the Greenlight staff with three new additions. Madelyn Offner was born in August, giving Mike another reason to stay up late at night in addition to researching value long-short hedge funds. Hey Mike, are Maddy's initials a sign of the Red Sox envy of Mariano ("Mo") Rivera? In October, Luke Christopher Lepone was born. Luke is already quite the talker and enjoys napping after power lunches. Sound like anyone that you know? Evelyn Mary Charecky came into the world in early November, arriving on her exact due date just like her brother Alex. Her punctual papa John is proud. Please mark your calendar for our Sixteenth Annual Partners' Dinner, scheduled for Tuesday, January 17, 2012. The meeting will be held at the American Museum of Natural History. We will be sending out formal invitations shortly. At quarter end, the largest disclosed long positions in the Partnerships were Apple, gold, Market Vectors Gold Miners, Microsoft and Vodafone Group. The Partnerships had an average exposure of 94% long and 55% short. "There's no such thing as an easy two." -- Bernard King (NY Knicks legend) Best Regards, Greenlight Capital, Inc. Page 6 The information contained herein reflects the opinions and projections of Greenlight Capital, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively "Greenlight") as of the date of publication, which are subject to change without notice at any time subsequent to the date of issue. Greenlight does not represent that any opinion or projection will be realized. All information provided is for informational purposes only and should not be deemed as investment advice or a recommendation to purchase or sell any specific security. While the information presented herein is believed to be reliable, no representation or warranty is made concerning the accuracy of any data presented. All trade names, trademarks, and service marks herein are the property of their respective owners who retain all proprietary rights over their use. This communication is confidential and may not be reproduced without prior written permission from Greenlight. Each Partnership's performance returns reflect the total returns, net of fees and expenses, for an IPO eligible partner. The returns for Greenlight Capital, L.P. and Greenlight Capital Qualified, L.P are net of the modified high-water mark incentive allocation of 10% and reflect the returns for partners who were invested on or prior to January 1, 2008. The returns for Greenlight Capital Offshore reflect our standard 20% incentive allocation. Performance returns for 2011 are estimated pending the year-end audit. Past performance is not indicative of future results. A partner's actual returns may differ from the returns presented. All exposure information excludes credit default swaps, gold, currency positions/ hedges and other macro positions. Positions reflected in this letter do not represent all the positions held, purchased, or sold by the Partnerships, and in the aggregate, the information may represent a small percentage of activity in the Partnerships. The information presented is intended to provide insight into the noteworthy events, in the sole opinion of Greenlight, affecting the Partnerships. THIS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY INTERESTS IN GREENLIGHT CAPITAL OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES. SUCH AN OFFER TO SELL OR SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY INTERESTS MAY ONLY BE MADE PURSUANT TO DEFINITIVE SUBSCRIPTION DOCUMENTS BETWEEN A FUND AND AN INVESTOR.
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|Amount Per Serving
|% Daily Value
|European (Italian Borlotto variety) white kidney (common bean) extract
|100 mg
Added to My List as a guest*.
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Life Extension Advanced Natural Appetite Suppress -- 60 Vegetarian Capsules
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|Amount Per Serving
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|European (Italian Borlotto variety) white kidney (common bean) extract
|100 mg
Excess calorie consumption has become an epidemic in the United States. The invariable result is more overweight Americans and a litany of associated health problems. A crucial component of longevity or weight loss program is reducing portion size and the quantity of ingested calories. A natural supplement has been developed to help tame hunger and promote satiety so more people can adhere to lower-calorie diets.
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text:
N. Korean biowar researcher defects, will testify about human experimentation
A long-time reader emailed me this afternoon (thank you) to point me to this story in the U.S. edition of the Korea Times, which in turn cites a potentially explosive, game-changing report hiding in Yonhap's business section. According to the report, a North Korean scientist has defected to Finland with some of his government's most carefully guarded secrets: a storage device, probably a flash drive, filled with 15 gigabytes of "human experiment results."
The 47-year-old researcher, identified only by his surname Lee, at a microbiology research center in Ganggye, Chagang Province, bordered by China to the north, fled to the European country on June 6 via the Philippines, said the source from a North Korean human rights group.
"His ostensible reason for defection is that he felt skeptical about his research," the source told Yonhap News Agency.
Lee held a data storage device with 15 gigabytes of information on human experiments in order to bring North Korea's inhumane tests to light, according to the source.
The North Korean defector will give testimony before the European parliament later this month. [Yonhap]
Depending on what the researcher's information is and how credible it is, it could be of incalculable value to our understanding of Pyongyang's asymmetric warfare capabilities—and also, of other, infinitely more important things about this regime.Continue reading »


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The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
First published before January 1st 2001 - More than 15 years ago
Orange Twist
Stream flies for sea trout and steelhead
An oldie pattern from GFF
This fly used to be a twist fly like the yellow Twist of Lemon, but it changed and eventually lost the typical twisted body. It has a normal tinsel body and a thorax of peacock herl, but looks much like the Twist of Lemon.
|6-2 Bartleet salmon fly hook
The tinsel body, butt and tag
|Red, orange or black
|Narrow flat silver tinsel
|Red wool
|Oval silver tinsel
|Flat silver tinsel
|Peacock herl
|Orange hen hackle
|Red, orange or black
- Cover the hook shank with a smooth layer of thread. Let the thread hang down to reach the hook point
- Tie in a strip of narrow silver tinsel and wind it to reach a point above the point of the barb and back
- Tie down and cut surplus
- Tie in a strip of gold tinsel for the rib
- Cover the tying in point with redd wool
- Wind the thread forwards, form a smooth foundation of thread for the body
- Tie in the silver tinsel
- Wind it to the tag and back in touching turns
- Cut surplus
- Tie in 5 strands of peacock herl
- Wind thread forwards
- Form a thick thorax from the peacock herl
- Tie in an orange hackle, tip first and hackle stem upwards
- Wind the hackle clockwise in wet fly style, folding it over and stroking barbs to the rear of the hook
- 2-3 turns will suffice depending on the hackle
- Tie down and cut surplus
- Form a nice, small head from tying thread
- Whip finish and varnish
From: Derek · Urbanflyman·at·hotmail.co.uk Link
Submitted April 7th 2009
i really like this fly ,simple and i bet effective ,i look forward to using it during the summer nights on my local.


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Ryan Mathews cleared for contact
Updated: September 13, 2012, 7:29 PM ETAssociated Press
SAN DIEGO -- Running back Ryan Mathews has been cleared for contact but was limited in practice as the San Diego Chargers continued preparing for their home opener Sunday against the Tennessee Titans.
Mathews has been out since breaking his collarbone on his first carry in the exhibition opener Aug. 9.
Coach Norv Turner says Mathews looked good in practice Thursday. The Chargers don't have to list his status for the game until Friday.
Tight end Antonio Gates sat out his ...
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- Week 2 rankings: QB | RB | WR | TE | D/ST
- Berry: Michael Vick, Chris Johnson draw ire
- Outsiders: Sit Romo, start Fitzpatrick
- Harris: Free-agent finds for Week 2
- Joyner: Don't worry about Chris Johnson
- Week 2 projections | Goal-line grid
- Experts | Madden | Simmons | Pick Center
- Jaws: Atlanta's no-huddle suits Matt Ryan
- Fox: Manning makes Broncos SB contenders
- Manning thrives under pressure
- Yasinskas: Atlanta's chance to shine
- Williamson: Denver's defensive keys
- Fox: Manning raising stakes in Denver
- Schefter: What if Peyton had stayed put?
- Clayton: Can teams keep up this pace?
- Simmons: Week 2 combo mailbag
- Garber: Redskin vets know all about RG3
- Reilly: RG3 has arrived
- Munson: NFL's insurance battle
- Williamson: Chiefs eager for Hali's return
- Chadiha: RG3-less Rams have the pieces
- Flem File: The Franchise QB Formula
- Sprow: Cam's arm should lead Carolina
- Walker: The education of Ryan Tannehill
- Graziano: Cowboys must get consistent
- FBO: Eagles could be in trouble
- Joyner: Skins are NFC East contenders
- Kuharsky: Clutch question follows Schaub
- Yasinskas: The real McCoy here at last?
- Clayton: Judging knee-jerk reactions
- Polian: RG3 is a 'prototype' QB
- Scouts Inc.: Week 2 previews
- Ranks: McShay top 32 | Kiper Big Board
- Te'o, Bell headline Week 3 matchups
- Muench: Alabama-Arkansas loaded
- Nickel Package: RB Bell among fast starters
- Kiper's top 5s: Seniors | Juniors
- Cheat Sheets: QBs | RBs | TEs | WRs | OL
- Defensive Cheat Sheets: DL | LBs | DBs


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Daniel H. Rosen
China's Interbank Squeeze: Understanding the 2013 Drama and Anticipating 2014by Daniel H. Rosen and Beibei Bao | January 22, 2014 This note assesses recent developments in China's inter-bank market and puts them in context with the Chinese reform outlook.
China's 'Big Bang'Daniel H. Rosen and Beibei Bao | January 21, 2014 Xi Jinping's fingerprints are all over the reform agenda unveiled after the Third Plenum, but they must be implemented soon to meet the country's 2020 deadline With the endorsement of "big bang" reforms by November's Party Plenum, it is safe to anticipate more volatility in ...
The Key to Sustained Successby Daniel H. Rosen | December 20, 2013 Caixin publishes an adaptation of Daniel Rosen's speech delivered at the 4th Caixin Summit in Beijing on December 19, 2013.
Shanghai Reform: Bold and Imminentby Daniel H. Rosen and Beibei Bao | December 6, 2013 New rules for the Shanghai Free Trade Zone confirm ambitious reform goals and put forward an aggressive implementation timeline.
China's Reform Era and Outward Investmentby Daniel H. Rosen and Thilo Hanemann | December 2, 2013 Last month, Beijing announced its boldest economic reforms in decades. This article explores how these adjustments will affect China's outbound investment.


text:
Flannel Friday
Brandi Klassen of Marshfield holds her son Blake, 1, as he greets "Doc" between wagon rides in downtown Montpelier during Flannel Friday festivities in the Capital City.
The day after Thanksgiving is the traditional start to the holiday shopping season and a day many spend at the mall or big-box stores. In an effort to persuade shoppers to spend their money closer to home, merchants in downtown Montpelier have developed a local alternative to Black Friday and dubbed it Flannel Friday. Shoppers wearing the classic Vermont attire were treated to sale prices and specials at many stores. Above, Brandi Klassen, of Marshfield, holds her son Blake, 1, as he greets Doc between free wagon rides. Left, employees and customers, many clad in flannel, watch as Myra O'Neill, of Somerville, Mass., spins the Wheel of Deals at Onion River Sports. Below, Skip, the Vermont Mountaineers' mascot, sports his flannel shirt while crossing the street Friday in Montpelier. Barre merchants get into the act today with a downtown open house and a full day of festivities and shopping.MORE IN Central VermontMONTPELIER No bike lanes or additional parking will be added to State Street, as was previously... Full StoryGrocery store can't come soon enough for some Full StoryFour hate groups operate in Vermont, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center, though they... Full Story
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Date: 1925 ca.
Description: Exterior view of The Big Store with two men standing outside its entrance.
Date: 1915
Description: A man is driving an old-fashioned car with three women passengers on a road littered with cows. The driver has hit a cow with the car, causing it to fly in...
Date: 1910 ca.
Description: Exterior view of the armory.
Date: 1912
Description: Two men, one wearing overalls and one wearing suspenders, stand on top of a mound of giant potatoes. A large cart drawn by two horses carries the potatoes...
Date: 1916
Description: Three men ride a dairy cow on a dirt road, while a fourth pulls at the cow's tail. Of the three men, one is holding a tennis racket, one is holding a golf...
Description: An older man is riding a sheep on a dirt road. He has a small barrel, some sausage links, and a loaf of bread. The object in his right hand appears to be a...
Date: 1913
Description: Two men are pulling a giant fish over a wooden fence. They are on the shore of a lake. On the ground beside the men rests a pile of several other giant fis...
Date: date unknown
Description: Exterior view of the main facade — white stone and red roof — of the Saron Lutheran Church.
Description: Studio portrait of six members of the baseball team posing in front of a painted backdrop. Left to right, seated: Nick Marking, Peter Burke. Standing: Matt...
Description: Several women and a man are outside of a barn, which is overflowing with giant onions, corn, and potatoes. A ladder is placed against the large stack of on...
Date: 1912 ca.
Description: Dr. A. Rudolph Silverston's vacu-aerial flying machine, as seen from the rear.
Date: 1917 ca.
Description: Photographic postcard showing the landing chassis plate and wheel for the Lawson Military Tractor 2 (M.T.2).
Date: 1905 ca.
Description: Elevated view of the Pabst Brewery shipping yard showing several teams of horses hitched to wagons loaded with barrels of beer. A man holds the reins of ea...
Description: Photographic postcard of a studio portrait of Elizabeth Dohn Staty, her husband Wolfgang Staty and their infant Martha Staty. They are standing in front of...
Description: Lobby and steps in the interior of the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, Japan, designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
Date: 1923
Description: Two police officers holding rifles escort two prisoners into a paddywagon. Lining the road is a long, perspective view of an outdoor prison. Red text impri...
Description: Full-length studio portrait of a girl dressed as a nurse and a boy dressed as a soldier standing in front of a painted backdrop. He holds a rifle and she i...
Date: 1930 before
Description: Holiday postcard of a boy and a girl, arm in arm. He is dressed in a green outfit with a green cloak with a gold lining, gold gloves and a green hat. She i...
Description: Full-length seated studio portrait of John Maly, wearing a suit and bow tie. He is seated in a chair with his right forearm resting on a table.
Description: Crowds on Front Street during Dodge County Fair day, circa 1910-1915.
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text:
Third baseman Gordon Beckham went 1 for 4. Left fielder Melky Cabrera went 1 for 3. Avisail Garcia went 1 for 1, and Emilio Bonifacio went 1 for 3.
Flowers was replaced by Geovany Soto, who bats eighth.
Adam LaRoche gets a rest as well. Emilio Bonifacio gets his first start at DH instead, batting second.
Eaton will be replaced by J.B. Shuck, who starts for just the fourth time this season. He'll bat ninth.
Replacing Eaton at leadoff is second baseman Emilio Bonifacio, who leads off for the first time this year.
Conor Gillaspie will be replaced at third by Gordon Beckham for the second straight game.
He is replacing Micah Johnson in the lineup.
Bonifacio, who is batting ninth, has just two hits in 17 at-bats on the year.
It's the first start of the season for Bonifacio, who didn't get a hit in his only at-bat of the season thus far. With Bonifacio in the lineup Tuesday, Micah Johnson is on the bench.
The White Sox are underdogs (+117) in Cleveland Tuesday, per VegasInsider.com.


text:
Welcome to Audiko.net! The best opportunity to download a free Midnight Star ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Choose your favorite trim from your favorite thing - Freak-A-Zoid, Operator, No Parking on the Dance Floor, or any other track. Then download the prepared Midnight Star ringtones to your mobile, and enjoy Funk music by Midnight Star every time your phone rings. If you are mad about Funk or maybe Electro and Dance music, then you will probably like Dazz Band, Loose Ends, or Shalamar as well. For all who want a free Midnight Star ringtone, we also recommend listening to Soul, Disco, and R&B. You are free to download your tone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, played by both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Midnight Star ringtones download option.
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