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Experiencia refinada hospitalidad en el corazón de la fabulosa ladrillo centro de Zionsville calle principal de compras y de restaurantes. Brick Street Inn ofrece alojamiento de la calle principal en él es el mejor! Situado a sólo veinte minutos al noroeste de Indianápolis, el pintoresco pueblo de Zionsville es bien conocida en todo el centro de Indiana por su encanto único, la gente del pueblo amable y un estilo de vida envidiable que ofrece muchos beneficios a los residentes y dueños de negocios de Zionsville. Ubicado en medio de un mosaico de casas históricas cuidadosamente conservadas, muchas que datan del siglo 19, Zionsville es una de las pocas ciudades en los Estados Unidos que ha conservado con orgullo su calle principal de ladrillo. Esperamos que usted venga a visitarnos pronto y descubrir Zionsville por ti mismo.
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76 Comentarios
5 en mayo 10, 2015
We stayed at the Brick Street Inn for my husband's birthday. Not only was the town of Zionsville very quaint with plenty to do there, it is not far from Indianapolis (which was our main intent). Brick Street Inn was just a lovely place to stay for the night. The Innkeeper was extremely nice and accomodating. They had a lot of complimentary things that made it worth paying a little more than we normally would. They also provided a killer complimentary breakfast the next morning. I would recommend this Inn to ANYONE!
Respuesta del propietario
Thanks for taking time to comment on your experience at the Inn. We love hearing how much our guests enjoy their time in Zionsville and at the Inn. We hope to see you in the future.
5 en mayo 09, 2015
Our stay at this B&B was very nice. The room was large, clean, bright and quiet. The bathroom was also very nice and my only complaint would be that it took a long time for the water to heat up in the shower. Ammenities were fantastic and included a variety of snacks and drinks. The town this B&B is located in is very quaint and has many little shops to peruse. We arrived after 5:00pm so many of them were closed but I hope to return and stay for a couple nights to enjoy them and more of the restaurants. We went to a local winery (walking distance) and very much enjoyed a wine tasting before returning to the B&B for dinner...which was also very tasty!
Respuesta del propietario
Thank you for telling us about your experience at the Inn. Rest assured I will look into the hot water issue. We just replaced the water heaters at the end of March and I'm very concerned about the hot water delivery to the rooms. Thank you for bringing that to our attention as I've not heard this before. Be assured it will be resolved immediately.
4,0 en mayo 04, 2015
We stayed in room 3, The room was really nice, but it was directly over the restaurant which was noisy on a Saturday night. Great location in the downtown district.
Respuesta del propietario
Thanks for taking the time to tell us about your experience. My sincere apologies for the restaurant noise. That is the exception and not the rule, we had a very busy night with a large party celebrating. Our quiet hours start at 11pm and they did go a bit over.
5 en abril 29, 2015
Lovely and relaxing overnight stay at the Brick Street Inn. Great location!
4,8 en abril 25, 2015
I never imagined I would find such a jewel in Zionsville, IN. Very nice accommodations and nice staff. I truly enjoyed my time here and was pleased with everything about this Inn.
Respuesta del propietario
Thank you for taking the time to tell us about your experience. We really enjoyed having you as our guests and hope to see you again.
4,8 en abril 09, 2015
We just loved the beautiful Inn. The rooms were modern, clean and decorated. Magazine ready!
Respuesta del propietario
I'm so glad you enjoyed your stay. Thanks for taking the time to share your experience. We look forward to seeing you again in the future.
4,8 en abril 03, 2015
The staff was friendly and very helpful. Got good local tips and a great breakfast. Located on the main street of a boutique village with artsy atmosphere.
Respuesta del propietario
Thank you for taking the time to post your comments. We enjoyed having you and hope to see you again for the next Girls Getaway.
4,8 en abril 01, 2015
Great stay, spent 2 nights. Breakfast and dinner in the restraunt was excellent. Room and facility were clean and well decorated. Very walkable area with many dining and shopping options in a 3 block area.
Respuesta del propietario
Thank you so much for taking the time to let us know how we're doing.
5 en marzo 25, 2015
My wife and I were very happy that we chose the Brick Street Inn for a one night getaway. A beautiful room with a comfortable bed! Coffee, tea, soda and snacks were a surprise treat. The personal service at breakfast in Patrick's was outstanding! We finished the stay with some shopping that my wife loved. Definitely, a wonderful experience.
3,6 en marzo 18, 2015
We stayed in Room 6 which has a view to alley in rear. Still very lovely room with lots of natural light. We did not see much of staff but we were greeted kindly and accommodated well. Room was clean and bed was comfortable as expected. Felt like a master bedroom rather than a hotel. I I had to critique... It would only be that I wished there were robes. The coffee is in a common area and we felt like we needed to get dressed to make coffee. But other than that it was very nice.
Respuesta del propietario
Thank you so much for taking the time to tell us about your stay. We offer use of plush robes during your stay upon request, as noted in the in-room guest directory.
Indianapolis, IN (IND) 25 miles
Compra de Antigüedades, Galerías de Arte , Sala de conciertos, Cenas Elegantes/Gourmet, De Interés Histórico, Música en vivo, Cine, Museo, Parques Nacionales, Área natural, Vida nocturna, Trader's Point Creamery Trader's Point Hunt Charity Horse Show Hussy-Mayfield Library Famination Antique Fan Museum Zionsville Fall Festival Zionsville Independence Day Festival Starkey Nature Park Lincoln Park Lions Park Jennings Field Creekside Nature Park Zion Nature Center The Zionsville Golf Course Sullivan Munce Cultural Center The Sanctuary-Nancy Noel Gallery Thomas Kincaid Gallery Hopwood Cellars Winery Zionsville Farmer's Market Butler University Conner Prairie Dow AgroSciences, Teatro, Área de picnic, Servicios Religiosos, Lugar de deportes, Bodega
Other, Bed and Breakfast, Urban Inn
Salas de Conferencia, Fotocopiadora, Chimenea, Instalaciones para Bodas , Artículos de tocador Ambientalmente Sensibles
Aire acondicionado, Despertador, Reproductor de CD, Instalaciones para café/té, Escritorio, Fax, Refrigerador , Secador, Servicio de Internet, Tabla de planchar, Biblioteca, Radio, TV por Satélite/Cable, TV, Teléfono, Wi-Fi, Internet con conexión de cable
Jugar al golf, Pistas para senderismo, Montar a caballo, Comprar, Pistas de tenis
Dietético , Alimentación particular
, Vegetariano , Advance Notice Required for Special Dietary needs.


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The Two-Way
Drones Will Not Be Hunted In Colorado Town
You won't be able to fire away at government drones — if any were to fly by — in Deer Trail, Colo.
A proposal to issue $25 drone hunting licenses was rejected Tuesday by voters in the little town about 55 miles east of Denver.
"Of the town's 348 registered voters, 181 cast a ballot," The Denver Post reports, and "73 percent voted against the measure, which had gained national attention" (including in The Two-Way).
"The idea of hunting the federal's government drones began as one man's symbolic protest against a surveillance society. But other townspeople embraced the idea as possible magnet for tourism — and revenue — in the tiny community of about 550 residents."
It would still have been a federal crime to shoot at any drones.
According to the Post, Deer Trail Mayor Frank Fields "was voted out of office Tuesday, with some residents telling Fox31 News that they believed it was because of his stance in favor of drone hunting."

subset: commoncrawl


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Grouse Lane
Huntington, New York, 11743
Commute to Downtown Huntington
Almost all errands require a car.
Score Details
Grouse Lane has a Walk Score of 5 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
This location is in Huntington. Nearby parks include Lloyd Harbor Village Park, Fiske Bird Sanctuary and Jennings Field.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from Grouse Lane.
This location is in the city of Huntington, NY. Huntington has an average Walk Score of 35 and has 18,046 residents.Learn More About Huntington


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SPEECH BY INVESTIGATIVE REPORTER SEYMOUR HERSH ON THE ABU GRHAIB PRISON SCANDAL - Radioactivity
Seymour M. Hersh has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, four George Polk Awards, and more than a dozen other prizes, many of them for his work at the New York Times. Chain of Command is his eighth book.
Since September 11, 2001, Seymour M. Hersh has riveted readers -- and outraged the Bush Administration -- with his stories in The New Yorker, including his breakthrough pieces on the Abu Ghraib prison scandal. Now, in Chain of Command, he brings together this reporting, along with new r...Read More


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Created: 07/26/2014 9:02 PM KSTP.com
Chris Sale tied a season high with 12 strikeouts in eight dominant innings, Alexei Ramirez hit his 10th homer, and the Chicago White Sox beat Minnesota 7-0 on Saturday night for their third straight win over the Twins.
Sale (10-1) scattered five hits - all singles - and became the first White Sox starter to win 10 of his first 11 decisions in a season since Mark Buehrle in 2005. It was also Sale's 15th career game with 10 or more strikeouts, moving him into a tie for second on the team's all-time list with Juan Pizarro.
Twins starter Logan Darnell (0-1) struggled in his first major league start, giving up seven runs and 11 hits while striking out seven in five innings.
Daniel Webb pitched a scoreless ninth for Chicago, which has won seven of its last 10 games.
(Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
|1 Dead, Suspect Arrested after Shooting Outside Coon Rapids Bar
|Bold Break-in Leaves Inver Grove Heights Neighborhood on Edge
|Hastings Turns Off Lights to Deter Mayflies
|8 Arrested after Robbery at Edina Louis Vuitton Store, High-Speed Chase
|Father Arrested after Child Found Roaming Eagan Hotel Alone


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What's on
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What do other visitors say?
5 StarsAngela, 1/Mar/2015
Went to Go Ape at Sherwood Pines for my sons birthday. Family of 4 (2 kids and 2 Adults). Could not recommend this adventure enough. The kids thoroughly enjoyed it and cant wait to go again. I couldnt keep up with the kids, I was more scared than them. They gave 10 out of 10 for a great day out.
Dawn, 3/Nov/2014
Will you be selling Christmas trees this year?
Forestry Commission Response
Yes we will. I am fairly sure they go on sale the last weekend in November. I will check with the Sherwood Pines team and get the Christmas web pages live ASAP.
julie cartwright, 19/Oct/2014
Hi, have you any other dates booked in for your basket weaving course other than the one on the 1st November 2014.
Forestry Commission Response
Hi, yes there will be another one running as this date is full. Email firstname.lastname@example.com for details.
Please tell us about your visit
Please email us at email@example.com if you have an enquiry or would like a reply to your comments.


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1996 Mitsubishi Eclipse • 172,000 miles
1996 eclipse gs-t turbo. Just rebuilt engine and now it is hard to start and when it does start it won't idle and it doesn't have any throttle response
July 6, 2011.
July 6, 2011.
Throttle response could be the timing belt is off one tooth. As for the hard starting and low idle, that is typical after the battery has been disconnected. The Engine Computer must relearn "minimum throttle" before it will know when it has to be in control of idle speed. To meet the conditions for the relearn to take place, drive at highway speed with the engine warmed up, then coast for at least seven seconds without touching the brake or gas pedals. Until you do that, you'll have to hold the gas pedal down 1/4" to get it started and keep it running.
Jul 6, 2011.
Jul 6, 2011.
When i start my truck i hear and ticking noise and it does NOT go away after it warms up or it does not go away at all. When i accelerate the ticking noise gets faster and when im ...
4 answers • 2010 Chevrolet Suburban • 143,000 miles
What would be compatible to use for a replacement engine in my Breeze? I am just looking to get something that would work with it to get it up and running. Can I use a different model ...
1 answer • 1999 Plymouth Breeze • 120,000 miles
If i took out my 91 toyota carolla engine what other cars would it be compatible with?
4 answers • 1991 Toyota Corolla
1990 Toyota Camry mileage: 150,000. 1. The oil warning light is on. 2. There are four quarts of oil in the car. 3. The oil filter is dry. 4. The engine sounds rough. 5. There is noise ...
3 answers • 1990 Toyota Camry • 150,000 miles


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Russell Westbrook Gives Away His All-Star MVP Car
Russell Westbrook has had an amazing season, but this is probably the best thing he'll do this year.
Stan Van Gundy Joins Tuck And O'Neill
Former Orlando Magic head coach, and NBA analyst Stan Van Gundy give his thoughts on the latest top stories in the NBA
What are Orlando Magic Players Thankful for?
The Orlando Magic organization strives to be leaders on and off the court by helping out the Central Florida community any chance they get. On Thanksgiving morning, Jason Maxiell, Victor Oladipo, head coach Jacque Vaughn and CEO Alex Martins
Magic Unveils Refurbished Court for Local Youth
The Orlando Magic and Chase's Champions of the Community (COTC) have partnered up to help refurbish 10 sports facilities around the community. Magic's CEO Alex Martins had the honor of cutting the ribbon and presenting local youth with the


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Fantastic two hour Thai massage for only $7 - way to go!!!
Foursquare © 2015 Lovingly made in NYC & SF
Charoen Thani Princess Hotel Khon Kaen
260 Srichan Road
"The breakfast buffet has a good selection of Asian and Western food. Just the coffee is horrible (as it is in many hotels)."
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Glacier Hotel (โรงแรมกลาเซียร์)
141 Pracha Samran Rd.
"Best boutique hotel in khon kaen. If your sense of style is lost somewhere in the 1970's you'll love the Pullman. If however you're like me and appreciate clean modern design you'll love this place!"
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The Italian Junior Open, held in Riccione on 19-21 June, went extremly well. There were a record number of entries with a total of 194 competitors participating from all over Europe, as well as players from as far away as America, Qatar and Pakistan.
The 2015 Coaching Conference wil take place on 18-20 September in Prague, Czech Republic. Further information can be found here.
The European Individual Closed Championships were held in May in Slovakia. Gregory Gaultier (France) won 1st place in the Men's event, with Borjan Golan from Spain coming 2nd and Raphael Kendra from Germany coming 3rd.
Scottish Squash and Racketball are currently looking for a Regional Development Manager. The closing date is 7 July 2015. Please click on the following links for further information:
Job Advertisement
Job Description
Candidate Specification
The Turkey Squash Open Championship, which featured in the 2015 calender of the Turkish Developing Sports Branches Federation, took place on 22-24 May in Clubsporium, Istanbul. 62 players participated in the Championship.
Read more »
In the recent U15 and U17 team championships, held in Portugal - England beat the Czech Republic 2-0 in the final of the U15 event and also beat France 2-1 in the U17 event.
The European Squash Federation (ESF) was set up in 1973 in order to develop and promote squash across Europe. We are run by a Board of Directors, based all over Europe, who meet up four times a year to discuss the development of the sport and our working practices. We also hold an Annual General Meeting once a year, to which all of our member nations are invited to attend. We have set up various committees, all run by volunteers, to focus on specific development areas including championships, juniors, coaching, referees and marketing. Our head office is located in Birmingham, England, and is staffed by two part-time employees who are responsible for communicating to all of our member nations.
European Squash Federation
The Firs, Barston Lane, Barston,
Solihull, West Midlands B92 0JP,
Tel: +(44) 1675 443922
Email: email@example.com


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27 year old woman | Chicago, IL, USA | Seeking men 25-35 within 15 miles
Curly girl problems...
-I force friends to watch B list movies with me for kicks (i.e. Sharknado!) -Manis/Pedis are a must! Feel free to join me. Don't believe the hype. Men are not above grooming... -I really only watch sports in groups. If chips, dip, and "spirits" are present I consider the event a party and will be in attendance. But not with the intent of actually watching sports. -Family game nights are my fav! We take them very seriously. -I enjoy traveling abroad. Currently attempting to visit more states. -I drive a buick named "Pops". I will ride him until the wheels fall off... -I'm not the best cook. However, I'm an AWESOME taste tester. Please! use me for your tasting needs! -Love tapas! hate sushi...No you can't convert me. Yes, I've been to "great" sushi restaurants. Spent a summer in Japan. I think its a done deal. - I don't drink coffee "gasp!" -Born and raised in Chicago. Never been to the Sears Tower (Willis who??). -Apparently I'm clumsy...or maybe my furniture moves quite frequently. -Gluten free is a conspiracy. -I may or may not have an obsession with red lipstick. -oh, and I'm usually late. You've been warned... I'm looking for... -Someone funny and tall. I don't ask for much ;)
Book club , Business networking , Dining out , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing cards , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Aerobics, Bowling, Dancing, Inline skating, Other types of exercise, Running, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
One dog, singular :)
Middle of the Road
Memphis in May with the fam, wicker park, lake view, the loop, random dive bars
The way to my heart are steak tacos and grandma's fried chicken. Both paired with an aged Corona ;) Love orange is the new black, scandal, American horror story, & real housewives of ATL (yup!)
Movies, museums, street festivals, volunteering with kids at after school programs, the Sims, and brunch! Who doesn't love brunch??? Only a crazy person...
Midnight in the garden of good and evil...working on game of thrones as we speak. I can't watch movies/shows without reading the books first :/
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|What she is looking for
|5'8" (172cms)
|5'10" (177cms) to 6'11" (210cms)
|Body type:
|About average, Athletic and toned
|No preference
|Dark brown
|No preference
|No Way
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker, Regularly
|Education / Teacher / Professor
|No preference
School Psychologist
|I'll tell you later
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|Black / African descent
|No preference
|Christian / Other
|No preference
There's someone up there...
|English, Spanish
|English, Spanish
|Graduate degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral
Education, got some :p


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2 bedroom property to rent near Bridge Street, Callander FK17
£500 pcm (£115 pw) Just added
2 bed flat to rentBuchanan Place, Callander FK17
Well maintained, unfurnished 1st floor flat in a quiet residential locale. More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Dunblane (10.2 miles)
- Bridge of Allan (11.4 miles)
Marketed by RE/MAX Property Services (Stirling), FK8. Call 01786 845573£525 pcm (£121 pw)
2 bed flat to rentTeith Court, Callander, 8Ez FK17
A lovely 1st floor flat in a small intimate development quietly tucked away yet close to town centre amenities. Well presented throughout and fully furnished the accommodation provides hall, lounge with great views, breakfasting size fitted kitchen, 2 ... More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Dunblane (10.3 miles)
- Bridge of Allan (11.5 miles)
Marketed by Property Bureau (Stirling), FK8. Call 01786 845572
Latest Bridge Street, Callander FK17 2 bedroom property to rent
Zoopla is one of the UK's leading property portals, helping you to find property for sale and to rent and make smarter decisions when buying and renting homes in the UK. Discover information on homes in Bridge Street, Callander FK17 by researching Bridge Street, Callander FK17 property values, Bridge Street, Callander FK17 house prices paid, our Bridge Street, Callander FK17 property market overview and find Bridge Street, Callander FK17 agents.


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One of the four public art sculptures on the N52 Tullamore By Pass in County Offaly
Photo by: Eamonn Farrell/Photocall Ireland
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NewsAugust 13 2014
Pool season comes to an end
Posted by Lucy
Wyatt Mortenson, jumping from the medium board, and Galen Garreaux Jr., preparing to go off the high dive, were among the swimmers at the pool Monday taking advantage of one of the last days of swimming in Presho. Lifeguards will start draining the pool Wednesday.
- Scavenging through the county
- WCE Cooperative finishes up repairs after weekend storms
- High winds damage structures,
- North Central Farmers Elevator and South Dakota Wheat Growers Member-Owners Vote No on Unification
- Lyman School Board Election results
- Construction at new elevator site stays on schedule
- What's new at the museum
- Local Lions Club projects recognized
- Lyman reunion moves to Clubhouse
- Remebering those who gave all
- Presho HS reunion set


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A long wavelength NdYAG laser which is operable either in a surgical cutting mode where the wavelength of laser radiation is about 1.44 micrometers, or in a therapeutic coagulating mode where the wavelength of laser radiation is about 1.06 micrometers. The NdYAG laser combines the use of frequency selective laser mirrors together with a repetitively pulsed high peak current lamp to produce high laser power at both 1.44 micrometers and 1.06 micrometers. The NdYAG laser beam may also be coupled to and transmitted by a flexible fiber optic quartz cable so that both the coagulating 1.06 micrometer beam and the cutting 1.44 micrometer beam may be transmitted through the same fiberoptic cable.
1. A long wavelength neodymium laser, comprising:
a housing including a reflective hollow optical cavity;
a laser rod mounted in said optical cavity, said laser rod composed of a crystalline or glass host structure having neodymium doping;
a pump lamp mounted in said optical cavity adjacent to said laser rod, said pump lamp providing a source of light for transfer to said laser rod;
drive means including circuit means for driving said pump lamp to produce intermittent pulses of light from said pump lamp; and
wavelength selective resonator means for providing maximum reflection at about 1.44 μm wavelength and minimum reflection at other wavelengths to allow laser oscillation at about 1.44 μm.
2. The laser of claim 1 wherein said wavelength selective resonator means comprises light reflectors with coating providing maximum reflection at about 1.44 μm and minimum reflection at all other wavelengths.
3. The laser of claim 1 wherein said wavelength selective resonator means comprises a silicon window coated for maximum transmission at about 1.44 μm and placed adjacent to one end of the said laser rod.
4. The laser of claim 1 wherein said wavelength selective means comprise a refractive prism placed adjacent to said laser rod.
5. The laser of claim 1 wherein said wavelength selective resonator means comprises a light reflector with a diffracting surface and oriented so as to reflect light at about 1.44 μm along the axis of the said laser rod.
6. The laser of claim 1 wherein said host structure is yttrium aluminum garnet.
7. The laser of claim 1 wherein said pump lamp is a krypton arc lamp.
8. the laser of claim 1 wherein said drive means provides an applied voltage of about 600 volts for a period of about 1 millisecond at a repetition rate of about 30-100 pulses per second.
9. The laser of claim 1 further including means for converting said drive means from a pulse output to a continuous output.
10. The laser of claim 9 wherein said converting means includes a capacitor connected in parallel with said pump lamp, and switch means for switching said capacitor into and out of said circuit means.
11. The laser of claim 9 further including a second laser resonator comprising mirrors providing maximum reflection at 1.06 micrometer wavelength and minimum reflection at other wavelengths, said first and second laser resonators mounted in spaced relation to each other, mounting means for adjustably mounting said mirrors, and moving means for moving said respective first and second laser resonator to a location adjacent opposite ends of said laser rod.
12. The laser of claim 11 further including a fiber optic conductor and a lens located adjacent one of said pairs of mirrors to focus a laser beam of light emitting from said laser rod onto said conductor.
13. The laser of claim 12 wherein said conductor is a quartz fiber optic conductor.
14. The laser of claim 1 in which the wavelength selective means has transmission losses at about 1.44 μm that are at least equal to the absorption losses in the rod.
15. The laser of claim 1 in which the wavelength selective means has transmission losses at about 1.44 μm that are greater than the absorption losses in the rod.
16. The laser of claim 1 in which the wavelength selective resonator means reflects about 80% of the radiation at about 1.44 μm, and the neodymium doping level of the host structure is such that the absorption losses due to neodymium are equal to or less than 20%.
17. The laser of claim 1 in which said wavelength selective means comprises mirrors spaced from the opposite ends of said rod and providing maximum reflection at about 1.44 μm wavelength and minimum reflection at other wavelengths.
18. The laser of claim 1 wherein said wavelength selective means comprises a light reflector with a diffracting surface and oriented so as to reflect light at about 1.44 μm along the axis of the laser rod.
19. A method of producing a high power laser beam from a neodymium laser at about 1.44 μm wavelength, comprising the steps of:
applying intermittent pulses of light from a pump lamp to a laser rod composed of a crystalline or glass host structure having neodymium doping; and
positioning a frequency selective laser resonator adjacent to said laser rod, so as to produce laser oscillation at about 1.44 μm, said resonator including wavelength selective means for providing maximum reflection at about 1.44 μm wavelength and minimum reflection at other wavelengths.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said pump lamp is driven at a voltage of about 600 volts for a duration of 1 millisecond at a repetition rate of about 30-100 pulses per second.
21. The method of claim 19 further including the step of transmitting the laser through a fiber optic conductor.
22. The method of claim 19 further including the step of alternating a second frequency selective laser resonator adjacent to said laser rod with said laser resonator, said second laser resonator allowing oscillation at 1.06 micrometers laser.
23. The method of claim 19 in which the maximum reflection of the wavelength selective means at about 1.44 μm is about 80% , and the neodymium doping level of the host structure is such that the absorption losses due to neodymium are equal to or less than 20%.
The present invention relates to lasers, and more particularly to a long wavelength Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (NdYAG) laser which may be operated in either a surgical cutting or coagulating mode.
The use of lasers in surgery and medicine is expanding very rapidly to the point where lasers have become important surgical and therapeutic tools. There are, for example, CO2 lasers used in surgical procedures to produce a scalpel-like incision, and NdYAG lasers, heretofore of little use for cutting, which are utilized to cauterize large blood vessels such as are involved in stomach hemorrhages or for destroying tumors in the bladder.
Medical applications for NdYAG lasers have been developed since there is a region of the light spectrum, in the red and near infrared, where human tissue is transparent. This region lies between the visible, where chromophores such as hemoglobin are strongly absorbing, and infrared, where water within tissue is absorbing, and is often referred to as a tissue "window". Light from the NdYAG laser which typically radiates at 1.06 micrometers is in the near infrared and falls within this window. When light from the NdYAG laser strikes most tissue it will be transmitted and scattered to a typical depth of about 1 centimeter before the intensity is too low to have therapeutic effect. If the laser is sufficiently powerful, deep in-situ heating of tissue is possible resulting in, for example, vessel shrinkage and associated cauterizing effects and deep coagulation necrosis.
Due to its cauterizing laser action at 1.06 micrometers, the NdYAG laser has found little use for surgical cutting but instead has been heretofore limited to the above noted types of therapeutic uses. Additionally, since the beam from an NdYAG laser can readily be coupled to and transmitted by a flexible fiber optic cable, the beam may be passed along a gastroscope or coupled through a cystoscope. The NdYAG laser can hence be easily used within the body without open surgery.
On the other hand, the CO2 laser radiates in a far infrared part of the spectrum which is strongly absorbed by tissue water. When this laser is focused onto tissue it causes tissue vaporization since the radiation is absorbed by water in the first few layers of cells which are heated to the point of explosive vaporization. The cellular layers are vaporized away and the focused beam "cuts" into the surface to make a scalpel-like incision until the beam is interrupted. The CO2 laser is used as a "blood free" knife since small vessels adjacent the incision are cauterized by the laser. Additionally, laser incisions appear to have unusual propensity for healing. For example, cold knife incision of skin tumors will result in ulceration, whereas laser vaporization of these tumors result in clean reepithelialization. Unfortunately, the CO2 laser will not propagate along flexible fiber optic cables so that beam delivery must be through an awkward combination of tubes and mirrors.
Research is presently being performed to develop CO2 laser fibers which would permit endoscopic laser surgery. However, because of the limited hemostatic property of the CO2 laser, possible complications arising from vessel performation during endoscopic CO2 laser surgery, has limited the usefulness of this research. Therefore it is desirable to develop ways to make a NdYAG laser beam, which will propagate along a quartz fiber, cut tissue. If it were possible to operate the NdYAG laser either in a cutting or coagulating mode, then endoscopic surgery could be performed without fear of complications from blood loss.
The wavelength of conventional NdYAG lasers falls at 1.06 micrometers in a region of very weak water absorption. The NdYAG laser, however, also typically has a transition around 1.32 micrometers and a very low gain laser transition around 1.44 micrometers. This latter wavelength coincides with a strong water absorption band, and light at 1.44 micrometer wavelength is absorbed by water after passing only about 0.3 millimeters into the water. In contrast the penetration distance of light into water is about 10 cm for light in the wavelength range of 1.32 micrometers and 100 cm for light in the wavelength range of 1.06 micrometers. Therefore, since animal tissues are comprised mainly of water, if a powerful focused laser beam at 1.44 micrometer wavelength were to strike tissue then it is possible that the tissue surface will heat and evaporate away in much the same way as a CO2 laser beam provides a scalpel-like incision as described above.
Unfortunately, Nd, which is suspended in a YAG crystal host and which is also the atom responsible for laser action from NdYAG, is absorbing in the spectral region of 1.44 micrometers. NdYAG is effectively 100% transparent in the wavelength regions of 1.06 micrometers where NdYAG has hitherto been used as a laser medium. However, laser oscillation around 1.44 micrometers is more difficult partly because self absorption of the Nd occurs at 1.44 micrometers due to an absorption on the electronic transition 4 I9/2→ 4 I15/2, which is centered at 1.485 micrometers. Though this absorption may be minimized by using crystal material with Nd concentration as low as one half precent of the total NdYAG weight it is obviously not possible to eliminate self absorption in this way. Alternately self absorption by Nd at 1.44 micrometers could be reduced by cooling the laser crystal since self absorption only occurs because of thermal spreading of the absorption line. However, cryogenic cooling is impractical in most NdYAG applications.
Self absorption by a laser material is usually grounds for dismissing a potential laser transition. For the 1.44 micrometer line in NdYAG this is particularly true because the gain around 1.44 micrometers is very low and the 1.44 micrometer transition must compete for laser oscillation with the 1.06 micrometer transition which has typically several hundred times more gain. The NdYAG laser has thus tranditionally been considered a very unlikely candidate for high powered emission at 1.44 micrometers.
One report in the literature describes operation by using selective optics which suppress laser oscillation at 1.32 micrometers and 1.06 micrometers. However, the continuous output power reported from a 100 watt 1.06 micrometer laser was insignificantly small at 1.44 micrometers and was about 0.4 watts. The reason for this low output power is the very low gain or amplification of the laser at 1.44 micrometers so that in order to achieve laser oscillation the transmitting resonator mirror must be highly reflecting. The report describing laser action at 1.44 micrometers describes a transmitting mirror which transmits about 0.5% and reflects 99.5%. However, since the laser rod will typically absorb 10% of a 1.44 micrometer laser beam passing through it, each time light is reflected around the reasonator the laser beam loses 2 times 10% or 20% by absorption in the laser rod and only 0.5% by transmission through the output transmission mirror. As a consequence, the laser power is lost in absorption rather than passing through the output transmission mirror to form a useful laser beam.
It has been discovered, however, that it is possible to obtain a powerful beam of light from NdYAG laser at 1.44 micrometers wavelength if the laser mirrors are designed to prevent laser action from occurring at high gain laser transitions such as at 1.06 and 1.32 micrometers, and the laser drive or lamp is repetitively pulsed at high transient power rather than running the laser drive or lamp with continuous current. Under these two conditions, it is possible to obtain substantial average laser power from a NdYAG laser at 1.44 micrometers. The beam from such a laser, when focused onto tissue, will evaporate the tissue and result in a scalpel-like incision.
It has been discovered that under a repetitively pulsed drive lamp condition, it is possible to achieve laser oscillation with an output transmission mirror which is, for example, 20% transmitting and 80% reflecting. As a result, if laser rod absorption for each cycle of light is 20%, it has been found that the laser power is divided equally between the losses in the rod and as useful output power. It is believed that under conditions of intense pulsed lamp light the gain or amplification of light in the laser rod becomes very high and that laser oscillation will occur even though the losses from combined rod absorption and mirror transmission can be 50% for each cycle of light through the laser resonator. Additionally, it appears that oscillation at a wavelength of 1.06 and 1.32 micrometers will remain suppressed by laser resonator selectivity under these conditions. Thus, it is believed that the high peak power pulses of the laser drive permits laser oscillation at 1.44 micrometers with a relatively high transmission output mirror which reduces the detrimental effect of intrinsic absorption in the laser rod at 1.44 micrometers.
Thus, the combined use of a frequency selective laser cavity together with a repetitively pulsed high peak current lamp will result in an average laser power of at least 40 watts at 1.44 micrometers from a laser typically designed to produce 100 watts at 1.06 micrometers. The technique developed for producing the NdYAG laser cutting beam has been to shift the wavelength of laser radiation from 1.06 micrometers, where tissue is transparent, to 1.44 micrometers in which tissue water absorption is strong. As a result of shifting the wavelength of laser radiation from 1.06 micrometers to 1.44 micrometers, the penetration distance of the laser beam in tissue falls from about 1.0 centimeter to about 0.3 millimeters. Hence, a focused laser beam at 1.44 micrometers is absorbed in most tissues to produce a "slice" approximately 1/4 of a millimeter deep and the tissue at the focus vaporizes away in much the same manner as with the CO2 laser. The beam at 1.44 micrometers may thus be alternated with a beam at 1.06 micrometers by selectively mounting appropriate mirrors at the ends of the laser rod, and by providing appropriate circuitry to convert the pulsed lamp output to a continuous lamp output.
Additionally, even though the 1.44 micrometers NdYAG beam falls in the absorption band in quartz caused by trapped water, some quartz fiber is almost water free, and consequently, it is possible to transmit both a coagulating 1.06 micrometer beam and a cutting 1.44 micrometer beam through the same quartz fiber. Thus, the NdYAG laser of the present invention may be adapted to various types of endoscopes and operating microscopes for use in various surgical and therapeutic applications.
The drawing illustrates the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the invention.
In the drawing, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a NdYAG laser incorporating the principles of the present invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a NdYAG laser constructed to provide a beam of light at 1.44 micrometer wavelength to operate in a cutting mode, or alternately, to provide a beam of light at 1.06 micrometer wavelength to operate in a coagulating mode. As shown, the NdYAG laser includes a laser rod 1 and drive lamp 2 mounted within a laser cavity 3, a drive mechanism 4 for pulsing lamp 2 or alternately driving lamp 2 with a continuous output, and a mirror carousel 5.
Laser rod 1 is composed of a conventional NdYAG material having a doping of around 1% by weight of the YAG host medium. Conventional NdYAG material is composed of a triply-ionized neodyium ion, incorporated into a crystalline or glass host structure. The most common crystal host structure, and the one preferred for the composition of laser rod 1, is yttrium aluminum garnet, generally known by its acronym "YAG". YAG is a hard and brittle material which is a synthetic material having a garnet like structure and the chemical formula U3 Al5 O12. Although YAG is the preferred crystalline host material for neodynium, alternatives to YAG that may be utilized for laser rod 1 are yttrium lithium fluoride, generally known as YLF, and yttrium aluminate, generally known at YALO. Additionally, since crystal growth problems limit the maximum length of YAG rods to about 10 centimeters for most practical appications, glass may also be utilized as the host structure for discs or rods of laser material which must be larger than standard YAG rods to provide higher output power and energy.
Laser rod 1 is preferably about 10 centimeters in length and about 0.6 centimeters in diameter. Opposite ends of rod 1 are polished and coated in the conventional manner for minimum reflectively at a wavelength of approximately 1.32 micrometers. It should be particularly noted that it is desirable to utilize a laser rod 1 having minimum absorptivity of light. At 1.44 micrometers wavelength absorptivity is 1% per centimeter for a typical NdYAG laser rod so that a 10 centimeter long rod placed within cavity 3 will introduce a loss of about 20% into the laser resonator or mirrors.
Laser cavity 3 is formed within a reflective housing 6 of elliptical cross section thus forming an elliptical laser cavity 3. Housing 6 is composed of copper with a gold coating on its interior cavity surface to act as a lamp light reflector. Metal coated glass may also be used as a laser cavity. Lamp 2 used to "pump" the laser and laser rod 1 lie along the two foci of the elliptical interior shape of cavity 3, as is conventional. Water cooling of the laser rod and lamp is provided by flowing deionized water through tubes surrounding both rod 1 and lamp 2, and it is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrow 7. These flow tubes may be of quartz or they may be of samarium doped glass. Cooling water of at least 4 gallons per minute is typically provided within cavity 3.
Several other types of cavity configurations are also possible for use with the present invention. As noted above, the preferred arrangement is to place the lamp 2 and rod 1 at the two foci of elliptical cavity 3, and let the geometric properties of the reflective elliptical cavity 3 carry the pump light from lamp 2 to rod 1. Another approach is to put lamp 2 next to rod 1 in a "close coupling" configuration wherein the rod and lamp are immediately adjacent each other in the center of a cylindrical reflective cavity. Additionally, two lamps and a rod can be put into a dual elliptical cavity, which in cross section looks like two overlapping ellipses with the lamps at the two foci of the housing and the rod at the focus they share.
Drive lamp 2 is preferably a krypton arc lamp which has been found to be superior for laser action at 1.44 micrometers. Typically, lamp 2 has an internal diameter of 7 millimeters and a length of 10 centimeters. A lamp of these dimensions has been found to withstand the necessary high repetition rate of pulse current required for the instant operation. Lamp 2 is typically operated in a pulse mode for laser operation at 1.44 micrometers with an applied voltage of about 600 volts for a period of 1 millisecond and at a repetition rate of 30 to 100 pulses per second. Additionally, the above described krypton lamp 2 has been found to be adequate for operation with a continuous current of up to 50 amps for continuous operation at a wavelength of 1.06 micrometers. Although lamp 2 is preferably a krypton arc lamp, other light sources such as a tungsten lamp or other arc lamp shining continuously, or a Xenon flash lamp producing pulses of light may also be utilized.
Drive lamp 2, typically termed a "pump lamp", emits a broad spectrum of light, but neodynium ions, regardless of host, tend to absorb most strongly in a narrow range of wavelengths around 0.7 to 0.8 micrometers. Absorbing photons in this range raises the neodynium ions from the ground state to a high energy level, from which they decay to a metastable level which produces fluorescent emission at several wavelengths, namely 1.06 micrometer wavelength, 1.32 micrometer wavelength, and 1.44 micrometer wavelength. Laser action will occur on the 1.06 micrometer emission band, since the laser gain is highest for this wavelength, unless the laser mirrors or optics are made wavelength selective so as to suppress 1.06 micrometer laser oscillation.
Lamp 2 is driven by a d.c. power source 8 of conventional design which is connected to the driving electronics by lines 9 and 10. This d.c. power source provides a current of typically 10 amps to the drive lamp which is known in the laser art as a simmer current. The simmer current maintains the lamp 2 in a conducting state between current pulses. Lines 9 and 10 are connected to cables 11 and 12 respectively which in turn are connected at one of their ends to lamp 2 and at their other ends to a solid state switching circuit or "chopper" 13. The "chopper" circuit 13 drives lamp 2 at 600 volts with a typical current of 300 amps for 1 millisecond at a repetition frequency of 30 pulses per second to typically obtain an average power of 50 watts at 1.44 micrometers wavelength. Circuit 13 will also operate at a repetition rate of typically one kilohertz for continuous operation of lamp 2. Under continuous operation it is necessary to average the current flow by switching a smoothing filter into the circuit. For this purpose, the 1 khz pulse train from chopper circuit 13 is averaged by using a capacitor 14 having a rating of 0.009 Farads mounted in parallel to lamp 2. Additionally, a relay 15 switches the smoothing capacitor 14 into and out of the circuit depending upon whether one desires pulsed operation or continuous operation. For example, the average current for continuous operation is typically 45 amps developing 100 watts of laser output power at 1.06 micrometer wavelength. FIG. 1 also illustrates that lamp 2 is started in the usual manner by a triggering transformer 16 which is a standard series high voltage pulse transformer having its own independent driving electronics 17, which is standard practice.
Mirror carousel 5 is comprised of a sliding mirror mount containing two or more sets of laser mirrors 18, 18' and 19, 19', mounted in conventional laser mirror adjusting mechanisms 20, 21 respectively. Carousel 5 also includes a linking member 22 which interconnects adjusting mechanisms 20 and 21 so that each set of mirrors 18, 18' or 19, 19' move in tandem. Carousel 5 is driven between a first position wherein mirrors 18, 18' form a laser cavity with rod 1 to produce a 1.06 micrometer wavelength beam, and a second position wherein mirrors 19, 19' are adjacent the ends of rod 1 to produce a laser beam of 1.44 micrometer wavelength. As a means for driving carousel 5 between its alternate positions, FIG. 1 illustrtes that adjusting mechanism 20 may be attached to a cable or other line 23 trained about a pair of sheaves 24 or 25 rotatably mounted on brackets 26 and 27, respectively, which in turn are mounted on a support member 28. As shown, sheave 24 is driven by an electric motor 31 to move carousel 5 upwardly or downwardly to properly locate either laser mirrors 18, 18' or 19, 19' adjacent the end of rod 1 to develop either 1.06 or 1.44 micrometer wavelength laser beams.
The mirrors used for achieving laser action at 1.44 micrometers must be reflecting at 1.44 micrometer but be as transparent as possible at 1.06 micrometer and 1.32 micrometer. For example, those mirrors used to achieve high average power at 1.44 micrometer are preferably comprised of one mirror with 100% reflectivity at 1.44 micrometer, 50% reflectivity at 1.32 micrometer and 30% reflectivity at 1.06 micrometer, and another mirror with 80% reflectivity at 1.44 micrometer, 20% reflectivity at 1.32 micrometer and 5% reflectivity at 1.06 micrometer. In addition, a transmitting silicon window 1 cm thick which is anti-reflection coated at 1.44 micrometers, may be placed adjacent to the laser rod and inside the laser resonator. Silicon is approximately 100% absorbing at 1.06 micrometers and serves to suppress laser oscillation at 1.06 micrometer wavelength. The addition of this element will suppress laser oscillation even if the laser mirrors are highly reflecting at 1.06 micrometer wavelength. Other elements such as prisms or diffraction gratings could be used for wavelength selection. Such mirrors mounted adjacent to the ends of laser rod 1 result in a laser output with an average power of at least 40 watts and a peak power close to 1000 watts.
A quartz fiber 29 may also be utilized for transmitting the 1.44 micrometer laser beam. Fiber 29 is typically a 600 micrometer core quartz fiber. Even though quartz is known to have absorption caused by trapped water in the region of 1.44 micrometers, anhydrous quartz fiber is almost water free so that negligible absorption occurs resulting in the ability to transmit both the coagulating 1.06 micrometer beam and the cutting 1.44 micrometer through the same quartz fiber 29.
The laser beam from laser rod 1 is focused onto quartz fiber 29 by a lens 30. Lens 30 is anti-reflection coated at 1.06 and 1.44 micrometers and has a focal length of approximatley 2 centimeters, which is conventional.
Various modes of carrying out the invention are contemplated as being within the scope of the following claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as the invention.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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text:
I wonder if I could just eat pizza everyday until my ms goes away... If only.
I wonder if I could get away with living on pizza for the next few weeks...
I wonder if I could just eat pizza everyday until my ms goes away... If only.
Sweet Little Girl ~ June 2011 ~ (oYo) ~ Platinum
Precious Baby Boy! ~ August 2013
One Little Angel With God
C+B (November 2011) DS (March 2012) DD (August 2013)
3 Furbabies: Itty Bitty, Dexter and Buddy, MEOW!
#3 April 2015 It's a BOY!!
Well.. Technology you could lol
It would probably just have you gain more weight then you "plan" on lol but that can always get worked off again lol.
on the other hand. if you feel so great that you can clean the bathroom, then you should also feel good enought to talk a walk and work the pizza off again lol
I ate a lot of pizza while pregnant with my DS! Whatever works :)
Kristin, wife to Greg.....mom to DS (8/06) and ODD (4/10); YDS born sleeping (7/13); and, YDD born perfectly healthy at 34 weeks 6 days (7/14)..
Sounds like a plan to me! My girlfriend ate peach cobbler by the masses while she was pregnant and everything turned out well.
Pizza usually gives me heartburn unless its the cheap frozen brand.
I say enjoy your pregnancy and if pizza is what you can keep down, go for it!
One day pizza will sound like the best thing ever, and the next im like YUCK! lol it's an emotional rollercoaster!
Rainbow Baby BOY born summer 2013 :0)
My husband used to work with a girl (just out of college) who ate only pizza. Every day. Every meal. When the boss took them all out to Mongolian Barbecue she wouldn't eat anything because it wasn't pizza. She wasn't pregnant so there was obviously something wrong with her diet. If it makes you happy at this point until your MS goes away then you gotta do what you gotta do!
Beth SAHM to A 8/08 CS , A 12/09 VBAC! , A 12/11 All natural! , One more due 08/13!


text:
VIEWS: 4 PAGES: 4 POSTED ON: 11/25/2011 Public Domain
International Accounting Standards Board 30 Cannon Street London EC4M 6XH United Kingdom 10 July 2010 Re: Exposure Draft "Fair Value Option in Financial Liabilities" Dear Sirs The Roche Group has a turnover of CHF 49 bn. a year (EUR 32 bn.) derived from our worldwide healthcare business - pharmaceuticals and diagnostics - and employs over 80,000 worldwide. We have a market capitalisation (end 2009) of CHF 151 bn. (EUR 102 bn.) We have been preparing our consolidated financial statements according to IFRS/IAS since 1990 and therefore have a substantial interest in how these develop, so we appreciate this opportunity to comment on the proposals. We are happy with the general principle proposed, that the portion of the fair value change that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of a financial liability under the fair value option (FVO) should not be presented directly in profit or loss (P&L.) That support has to be qualified, however, in respect of several subsidiary concerns summarized below. (a) Although we see no inherent need for symmetry between financial assets and financial liabilities per se, the lack of symmetry does increase the risk of accounting mismatches. Solutions would need to be built into the standard to permit reporting in a way which gives a meaningful picture of performance. (b) It is a crucial weakness of the ED that no conceptual justification is advanced for limiting the proposed approach on own credit risk in financial liabilities measured at fair value to those under the FVO. The approach would be equally relevant in our view for derivatives not held for trading when it would help prevent occasional mismatches. (c) Neither is there as yet any conceptual basis for the two-step approach proposed, the recording in OCI and the inability to reclassify on settlement or other extinguishment. The proposals on these respects can therefore only be regarded as arbitrary until a proper debate has taken place on fundamental issues related to performance reporting such as (a) the notion of performance and the impact of business models on it, (b) the content of performance statement(s) and (c) reclassification. We would accept recording in OCI (except in mismatch situations) but insist on reclassification to P&L, according to our own (and many other people's) understanding of these concepts. We believe also that the two-step approach to recording in OCI proposed in the ED would be excessively F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG CH-4070 Basel Corporate Finance Accounting & Tel. +41 61 68 84234 Switzerland Controlling Fax +41 61 68 84282 Bldg/Room 52/1205 email@example.com 1/4 complicated, out of line with procedures in all other standards and potentially exacerbate the increasing clutter in the financial statements. (d) Our comments are made without being able to take into account how hedge accounting may be changed in future and are therefore provisional with regard to any interrelationship with hedging. Sincerely, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Cherrie Chiomento Alan Dangerfield Head of Finance – Accounting Finance - Accounting and External Reporting - and External Reporting External Relations 2/4 APPENDIX Specific responses to the questions asked in the ED Q.1 Do you agree that for all liabilities designated under the fair value option, changes in the credit risk of the liability should not affect profit or loss? If you disagree, why? and Q.2 Or alternatively, do you believe that changes in the credit risk of the liability should not affect profit or loss unless such treatment would create a mismatch in profit or loss (in which case, the entire fair value change would be required to be presented in profit or loss)? Why? We do indeed agree that, generally, changes in the fair value of financial liabilities under the fair value option (FVO) due to changes in own credit risk should not affect the P&L. We believe, however, that there are cases – albeit infrequent – where this might lead to an accounting mismatch. In such infrequent cases where the carrying value of another financial instrument is directly linked to the issuer's credit risk and changes in it presented in P&L, the effects of corresponding changes in the fair value of the liability should also be recognized in P&L if this reduces an accounting mismatch. As an example one might envisage a financial liability under the FVO hedged in respect of own credit risk by a derivative, which depending on circumstances may be an asset or a liability. Since all changes in the fair value of derivatives must be taken to P&L, a meaningless mismatch would be created in these circumstances if the effects of changes in own credit risk on the FVO liability were not similarly taken to P&L. Actually, we do not understand why conceptually the proposed treatment for changes in own credit risk is limited to FVO liabilities: if such a treatment for changes in own credit risk were also allowed on derivatives not held for trading, the above mismatch problem would not arise. Furthermore, until we see what the Board will finally propose for hedge accounting, our views on this point can only be tentative. Q.3 Do you agree that the portion of the fair value change that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability should be presented in other comprehensive income? If not, why? Based on our perception of performance and OCI, we agree with the proposal, except in the infrequent cases of mismatch mentioned above..However, we much regret the Board's continuing reluctance to examine the crucial question of the definition of performance and its corollaries, the P&L vs. OCI distinction and reclassification: in the absence of resolution of these matters the present proposal can only be regarded as arbitrary and lacking in any conceptual foundation. It is also worth making the point in favour of presentation in OCI that the revaluation in respect of own credit risk has little if any predictive value for future cash flows. Q.4 Do you agree that the two-step approach provides useful information to users of financial statements? If not, what would you propose instead and why? and Q.5 Do you believe that the one-step approach is preferable to the 2-step approach? If so, why? We do not support mandatory presentation of the two steps in the P&L. This does not correspond to the accepted direct approaches to reporting in other standards and would create, unjustifiably, a further method of recording. It would also help to avoid further "clutter" and overloading of the financial statements themselves. Q.6 Do you believe that the effects of changes in the credit risk of the liability should be presented in equity (rather than in other comprehensive income)? If so, why? 3/4 No, we agree with the Board's analysis that these remeasurements are not transactions with owners. However, we do have some doubts about revaluations of put options on non-controlling interests and recommend the Board to consider such transactions a little more closely in this respect. Q.7 Do you agree that gains or losses resulting from changes in a liability"s credit risk included in other comprehensive income (or included in equity if you responded "yes" to Question 6) should not be reclassified to profit or loss? If not, why and in what circumstances should they be reclassified? Here again we much regret the Board's lack of progress on the matter of performance (cf. Q.3 above.) The proposal not to reclassify is therefore arbitrary and without conceptual foundation. On the basis of our own perception of the concepts of performance, OCI and reclassification, the settlement of the liability would change the nature of the accumulated gain or loss from changes in own credit risk such that it would qualify for reporting in P&L. It would also correct the distorting anomaly which would otherwise arise. A gain or loss on premature settlement of a financial liability at amortised cost would flow into P&L while that on a financial liability at fair value through P&L. We would therefore strongly argue for its reclassification on settlement or other extinguishment of the liability. Q.8 For the purposes of the proposals in this exposure draft, do you agree that the guidance in IFRS 7 should be used for determining the amount of the change in fair value that is attributable to changes in a liability"s credit risk? If not, what would you propose instead and why? and Q.9 Do you agree with the proposals related to early adoption? If not, what would you propose instead and why? How would those proposals address concerns about comparability? and Q.10 Do you agree with the proposed transition requirements? If not, what transition approach would you propose instead and why? We agree with the Board's proposals. 4/4
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CFN Take: Nebraska Rallies Back To Beat Iowa
Posted Nov 28, 2014
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Nebraska Cornhuskers 2014 ... Head Coach: Bo Pelini
Nebraska Cornhuskers
2014 Schedule
2014 Record: 9-3
Aug. 30 Florida Atlantic W 55-7
Sep. 6 McNeese State W 31-24
Sep. 13 at Fresno State W 55-19
Sep. 20 Miami W 41-31
Sep. 27 Illinois W 45-14
Oct. 4 at Michigan St L 27-22
Oct. 11 OPEN DATE
Oct. 18 at Northwestern W 38-17
Oct. 25 Rutgers W 42-24
Nov. 1 Purdue W 35-14
Nov. 8 OPEN DATE
Nov. 15 at Wisconsin L 59-24
Nov. 22 Minnesota L 28-24
Nov. 29 at Iowa W 37-34 OT
Nov. 28
Nebraska 37, at Iowa 34 OT
And You Care Because …
Nebraska tied it on a 20-yard field goal with eight seconds to play, Iowa took the lead in overtime on a 25-yard Marshall Koehn field goal, and the Huskers responded with a nine-yard Tommy Armstrong pass to Kenny Bell for the win. Down 24-7 late in the third, the Huskers roared back with Armstrong finding Bell on a 32-yard scoring pass and Taariq Allen for a 34-yard touchdown, but it was an 80-yard punt return for a touchdown from De'Mornay Pierson-El to take the lead in the fourth. Iowa took back the lead late on a five-yard Jordan Canzeri touchdown catch with 1:49 to play, but Nebraska marched back quickly to force the extra time.
What Else?
Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 13 times for 106 yards, and caught two passes for 13 yards and a score
- Iowa QB Jake Rudock completed 19-of-38 passes for 230 yards and two touchdowns with a pick
- Nebraska QB Tommy Armstrong completed 12-of-27 passes for 202 yards and four scores with two picks, and ran 11 times for 31 yards
- Tim of possession: Iowa 37:36 – Nebraska 22:24
Game Rating:
Nov. 22
Minnesota 28, at Nebraska 24
And You Care Because …
Minnesota set itself up for a showdown vs. Wisconsin for a chance at the Big Ten West title with a tough win over the Huskers. Mitch Leidner ran for two short scores, with his second touchdown from three yards out giving the Gophers the lead with 3:25 to play, but it was the defense that came through late. Briean Boddy-Calhoun stripped Nebraska WR De'Mornay Pierson-El before he was able to get into the end zone, and Minnesota ran out the clock. The Gophers lost RB David Cobb in the second half, but Donnell Kirkwood and Leidner handled the ground game, overcoming a 21-7 halftime lead to control the second half. Nebraska got up on an 18-yard score from Pierson-El and a blocked field goa for a touchdown, but Minnesota outscored the Huskers 21-3 after halftime.
What Else?
Time of possession: Minnesota 35:03 – Nebraska 24:57
- Minnesota QB Mitch Leidner completed 8-of-17 passes for 135 yards, and ran 22 times for 110 yards and two scores
- Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullar ran 20 times for 98 yards and a score
- Minnesota RB David Cobb ran 15 times for 80 yards and a score
Game Rating:
Nov. 15
at Wisconsin 59, Nebraska 24
And You Care Because …
Melvin Gordon set the NCAA single-game rushing record with 408 yards and four rushing touchdowns, but it took Wisconsin a little while to get rolling. Mistakes – including Gordon fumbles – led to a 17-3 Nebraska lead as Tommy Armstrong found Kenny Bell for a 12-yard touchdown and ran for a five-yard score, and then it was all Badgers as they scored 56 straight points highlighted by Gordon runs from 62, one, six and 26 yards out. Corey Clement and Tanner McEvoy added touchdown runs, and Sam Arneson caught a five-yard scoring pass, while the Wisconsin defense stopped the Husker offense time and again.
What Else?
Wisconsin RB Melvin Gordon ran 25 times for 408 yards and four touchdowns
- Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 18 times for 69 yards, and caught one pass for 26 yards
- Total yards: Wisconsin 627 – Nebraska 180
- Turnovers: Nebraska 5 – Wisconsin 4
Game Rating:
Nov. 1
at Nebraska 35, Purdue 14
And You Care Because …
With Ameer Abdullah out with a knee injury that reportedly wasn't serious, Imani Cross took over the ground game with two short scoring runs to go along with a 29-yard Tommy Armstrong Jr. scoring dash and a 17-yard pass to De'Mornay Pierson-El on the way to a 28-7 lead. Purdue tied it at seven on a 25-yard Austin Appleby run, and made it interesting in the fourth on a 23-yard Cameron Posey catch, but the Huskers turned a turnover into a seven-yard Terrell Newby run to put it away.
What Else?
Nebraska RB Imani Cross ran 20 times for 66 yards and two touchdowns
- Purdue QB Austin Appleby completed 18-of-46 passes for 216 yards and a score with two interceptions, and ran seven times for 23 yards and a touchdown
- Nebraska QB Tommy Armstrong Jr. completed 8-of-21 passes for 118 yards and a score with two interceptions, and ran 13 times for a team-high 70 yards and a score
- Third down conversions: Nebraska 4-of-14 (2-of-3 on fourth) – Purdue 2-of-16 (1-of-6 on fourth)
Game Rating:
Oct. 25
at Nebraska 42, Rutgers 24
And You Care Because …
Ameer Abdullah set a school record for all-purpose yards in a game tearing off touchdown runs from 53 and 48 yards out in the second quarter and adding a 23-yard scoring dash in the fourth as Nebraska won in a route. Rutgers tied it in the first on a 71-yard Leonte Caroo touchdown catch, but the O didn't get back into the end zone until late in the third getting short touchdown runs from Desmon Peoples and Robert Martin after the game was out of reach. Tommy Armstrong Jr. ran for a 16-yard score and threw an eight-yard touchdown pass to Jordan Westerkamp for the Huskers.
What Else?
Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 19 times for 225 yards and three touchdowns, caught two passes for 26 yards, and returned two kickoffs for 90 yards
- Rutgers QB Gary Nova completed 8-of-19 passes for 156 yards and a touchdown with a pick
- Nebraska LB Zaire Anderson made 11 tackles with a tackle for loss and a broken up pass
- Third down conversions: Nebraska 8-of-13 – Rutgers 4-of-12
Game Rating:
Oct. 18
Nebraska 38, at Northwestern 17
And You Care Because …
Ameer Abdullah broke the game open in the second half with three one-yard touchdown runs after running for another one-yard score in the second. Northwestern RB Justin Jackson ran for touchdowns from two and five yards out, but couldn't get into the end zone the rest of the way. Down 17-14 after the Wildcats got a 29-yard field goal late in the first half, Nebraska scored 24 unanswered points.
What Else?
Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 23 times for 146 yards and four touchdowns, and caught four passes for 13 yards
- Northwestern RB Justin Jackson ran 22 times for 128 yards and two scores
- Nebraska QB Tommy Armstrong completed 18-of-29 passes for 221 yards, and ran ten times for 55 yards
- Total yards: Nebraska 471 – Northwestern 290
Game Rating:
Oct. 4
at Michigan State 27, Nebraska 22
And You Care Because …
Michigan State was cruising right along, but Nebraska fought back hard and had a chance for the win, but a late pass misfired into the end zone and Trae Waynes sealed the victory for the Spartans with a pick. MSU got up 27-3 by shutting down the Husker ground game and getting by plays from Tony Lippett on a 55-yard touchdown pass and a 32-yard scoring run, along with a 31-yard touchdown dash from Jeremy Langford, but Nebraska woke up in the fourth quarter. Ameer Abdullah ran for two short scores, and De'Mornay Pierson-El made it a five point game with a punt return for a touchdown with just over three minutes to play. The Spartans got the onside kick, but missed a field goal to give the Huskers one final shot.
What Else?
Michigan State QB Connor Cook completed 11-of-29 passes for 234 yards and a touchdown with an interception
- Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 24 times for 45 yards and two touchdowns, and caught two passes for 22 yards
- Michigan State WR Tony Lippett caught three passes for 104 yards and a touchdown, and ran one time for a 32-yard score, and Jeremy Langford ran 29 times for 111 yards and a score
- Nebraska LB Trevor Roach made 18 tackles with four tackles for loss
Game Rating:
Sept. 27
at Nebraska 45, Illinois 14
And You Care Because …
Ameer Abdullah ran for three touchdowns starting out with a 12-yard score in the first, and adding runs from eight and two yards out as part of a 21-point second quarter scoring run capped off by a Kenny Bell caught a 63-yard touchdown. Illinois was without QB Wes Lunt, who was out with a leg injury. Reilly O'Toole hit Geronimo Allison for a 58-yard touchdown, but the Huskers scored 21 unanswered points and held the Illini off the board in the second half. Josh Ferguson ran for a 41-yard score for the Illini.
What Else?
Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 22 times for 208 yards and three touchdowns
- Illinois QB Reilly O'Toole completed 17-of-38 passes for 261 yards and a score with three interceptions
- Rushing yards: Nebraska 458 and 5 touchdowns – Illinois 78 and one score
- Time of possession: Nebraska 39:36 – Illinois 20:24
Game Rating:
Sept. 20
at Nebraska 41, Miami 31
And You Care Because …
In a chippy game, Nebraska overcame a 14-7 deficit with 17 straight points helped by Ameer Abdullah touchdown runs from three and six yards out, but it took a Josh Mitchell 57-yard return of a Duke Johnson fumble for a touchdown to finally allow the Huskers to pull away. A ten-yard Abdullah touchdown run in the fourth put it away.
What Else?
Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 35 times for 229 yards and two touchdowns, and caught a three-yard pass for a score.
- Miami RB Duke Johnson ran 18 times for 93 yards and a score, and led the team with 84 receiving yards on five catches
- Miami QB Brad Kaaya completed 28-of-42 passes for 359 yards and three touchdowns with two picks
- Nebraska QB Tommy Armstrong completed 9-of-13 passes for 113 yards and two scores with a pick, and ran 13 times for 96 yards
Game Rating: B
Sept. 13
Nebraska 55, at Fresno State 19
And You Care Because …
Nebraska hit two home runs right away on a 70-yard pass play to Jordan Westerkamp and a 57-yard Ameer Abdullah touchdown run within the first three minutes, and got up 34-5 before Fresno State finally got into the end zone on a 66-yard Brian Burrell touchdown dash. De'Mornay Pierson-El added an 86-yard punt return for a score and Imani Cross rolled up a 62-yard scoring dash in the blowout.
What Else?
Nebraska cranked up 282 passing yards and 280 on the ground.
- Fresno State QB Brian Burrell completed 30-of-59 passes for 241 yards and a score, and ran nine times for 59 yards with a 66-yard score.
- The Huskers came up with four sacks and 12 tackles for loss.
- Nebraska RB Ameer Abdullah ran 19 times for 110 yards and a score.
Game Rating: D
Sept. 6
at Nebraska 31, McNeese State 24
And You Care Because …
Nebraska was in a fight all game long, but Ameer Abdullah saved the day taking a Tommy Armstrong pass 58 yards for a score with 20 seconds to play. The Huskers appeared to be cruising with a 24-14 lead in the fourth, but McNeese State went on two long scoring drives to tie it at 24 before Abdullah's heroics.
What Else?
The Nebraska lines didn't dominate. McNeese State only came up with a sack, but it was great at getting behind line. Call this an unfocused effort all the way around – there's no reason to worry unless next week's game at Fresno State is rocky.
- Tommy Armstrong had a rocky day, completing 16-of-31 passes for 242 yards and two touchdowns with a 98-yard pick six from McNeese State's Aaron Sam. However, he ran 11 times for 131 yards and a touchdown.
- Everyone will remember Abdullah's big play, but he was bottled up all game long, running for just 54 yards and a score on 17 carries.
- There were too many plays made at the second and third level, but safety Nate Garry did a little to get behind the line, too, finishing with 13 tackles with two tackles for loss and a broken up pass.
Game Rating: A-
Aug. 30
at Nebraska 55, Florida Atlantic 7
And You Care Because …
Ameer Abdullah ripped off 232 yards with a 47-yard touchdown dash, and the Nebraska offense cranked out a school-record 782 yards in the blowout. FAU tied the game at seven in the first quarter on a 20-yard Lucky Whitehead touchdown catch, but then it was all Huskers the rest of the way in a devastating performance. Terrell Newby ran for two touchdowns and Tommy Armstrong threw two scoring passes and ran for another.
What Else?
You don't think one Pelini brother is providing a little bit of payback for another Pelini brother? Bo didn't exactly take it easy on his brother Carl's old team.
- Ameer Abdullah put up a huge day with 232 yards and a score on 21 carries, and Terrell Newby came up with 16 carries for 107 yards and two touchdowns.
- There wasn't much of a Husker pass rush, but the D came up with nine tackles for loss. FAU didn't generate a sack or a tackle for loss – the Husker O line did its job.
- FAU got an okay day from RB Jay Warren – he ran 14 times for 77 yards averaging 5.5 yards per carry – but the Owls ran into a buzzsaw. They weren't able to get anything going after the first quarter.
Game Rating: D
2014 Preview
What's your problem with Bo Pelini?
He's always on the hot seat, Nebraska fans are always grouchy about him for one reason or another, and it always seems like he's one bad loss away from getting canned, but this isn't 1985 anymore. The days of relying on a walk-on program, bringing in a few national recruits, and then rolling through an awful schedule before losing to Oklahoma at the end of the year are over. Considering the landscape of college football at the moment, Pelini is doing a fantastic job.
Nebraska is in a tough spot – and I don't mean Lincoln. Actually, I sort of do.
Jimbo Fisher was able to reload Florida State with recruits within a short drive from the greater Tallahassee metropolitan area. Bob Stoops had Texas to mine from when he rebuilt Oklahoma, and Nick Saban didn't have to look far to get players to bring Alabama back to glory. But the Huskers have to cast a wider net and have to work a little harder, especially considering they don't rely on a specific offensive style that requires just a few key parts to work behind the cultivated linemen.
Now, Nebraska is trying to work its way through a world with stronger recruiting on a national scale, and with a brand name that doesn't mean now what it did ten years ago considering many players on the current roster weren't alive yet when Tommy Frazier was bringing home banners.
And yet, on a relative island in terms of recruiting base, and with everyone going for the same talented players harder and smarter than ever, Pelini's ability to win nine games or more in each of his first six seasons is actually a terrific feat.
How many other coaches from BCS leagues won nine or more games in their first six years? Eight, including Steve Spurrier, Barry Switzer, Mack Brown, and Tom Osborne. Speaking of aging superpowers, you don't think Michigan fans would be a wee bit happier with six straight nine-plus win campaigns?
Last season, Nebraska lost its star starting quarterback and still finished second behind Michigan State in the Legends division – not exactly anything to get in a twist over – making it just the second time that a Pelini team hasn't won at least a share of a division title. He broke a bowl slide with a good win over a beat up Georgia team in the Gator Bowl – remember, there was a stretch during the late 1980s into the early 1990s when you couldn't have a bowl season without a Nebraska loss under Osborne – and now he comes into the 2014 season a bit more solidified on the job front and with a potentially terrific team ready to bring home yet another season with nine or more wins.
But will that be enough?
There are depth issues on the defensive front, the linebacking corps could be a bit sketchy, and the secondary was dinged a bit this offseason, but it's still a sound group with enough talent to be sound and solid.
The offense could be tremendous with one of the best groups of running backs in America and an improved line that could quietly become a major strength.
So now it'll be up to Pelini to put it all together and win the new Big Ten West and at least get to the Big Ten championship. And if he doesn't, the Husker nation will have to once again settle for a really, really good year that most programs would kill for.
What to watch for on offense:
Nebraska has boasted some impressive running games over the many, many years, but this year's backfield has the potential to be among the strongest in a long time. There isn't a Mike Rozier or an Ahman Green, but Ameer Abdullah is about to go from being one of the nation's most underappreciated backs to a weekly star. However, he's not going to need to carry the entire load with Imani Cross and Terrell Newby two terrific options able add more than five yards per dash. Tommy Armstrong Jr. might not be electrifying like Taylor Martinez was, but he run a little bit, too. Considering the O line has the potential to be terrific with Colorado transfer Alex Lewis filling in a missing piece, the Huskers should be far closer to the 3,547-yard rushing year of 2012 than the 2,804-yard campaign of last season.
What to watch for on defense:
The back seven has to come up with a sound, solid starting lineup and let the pieces fall into place. This might not be a vintage killer of a Nebraska D, but it has the potential to be good as long as the right starting 11 is figured out in a hurry. The line will turn out to be outstanding as long as Randy Gregory is healthy and sitting on quarterbacks' heads again, and now the linebacking corps has to take all the parts and make them fit while hoping for the secondary to mature in a hurry. Zaire Anderson, Michael Rose and David Santos are good veterans who made lots of tackles, and now they have to make a bigger impact. Corey Cooper is a terrific tackling safety, but it's going to take a little time to reload without Stanley Jean-Baptiste and Ciante Evans.
The team will be far better if…
the offense stops giving up fumbles and the defense starts to force them. Turnover margin was a big, big problem for the Huskers with the defense coming up with just four recovered fumbles on the season and with just three of the 14 interceptions coming in the final seven games. Meanwhile, the 13 interceptions thrown weren't all that bad considering eight came in a three-game midseason stretch, and the Huskers won two of them, but fumbling continues to be an issue with 16 lost on the season after giving up 22 in 2012. The Huskers were -16 in turnover margin over the final eight games or the year after being +5 in the first five games.
The Schedule:
The Huskers might have a dangerous-looking game at Fresno State, but this isn't the same Fresno State team of last year. After opening up with tune-ups against Florida Atlantic and McNeese State, Nebraska has to rebound from the trip to Fresno and be ready for a national spotlight game with Miami. Win that, and it's almost certainly 5-0 after opening up the Big Ten season with Illinois. And then comes the fun.
The schedule isn't that bad overall, but going to Michigan State as the tail end of a six-game start to the season without a break stinks. Getting the week off before going to Northwestern will help, and then home games against Rutgers and Purdue should boost the record before getting another week off to prepare for the West showdown at Wisconsin. Closing out with Minnesota and a trip to Iowa isn't that bad.
Best offensive player:
Senior RB Ameer Abdullah. You'd think a Nebraska running back who ran followed up a 1,137-yard season with 1,690 yards would be on everyone's Heisman short list, but he's not there quite yet. It might not be a bad thing for the Huskers if he doesn't come up with the same stats considering his 5-9, 190-pound body isn't really built to handle the ball 300 times a year, and he won't have to with all of the depth in the backfield. However, he's a proven workhorse with a terrific combination of toughness and pop.
Best defensive player:
Junior DE Randy Gregory. Consider this a yearlong audition for the kids at the next level. With a great frame, an outstanding burst, and the ability to seemingly get into the backfield any time he wants to, he's going to be someone's pure pass rushing end and it's probably going to take a top 15 pick to do it. It's a good Nebraska line, but it's not necessarily a great one. The perception might be different if Gregory has another monster season.
Key player to a successful season:
Sophomore QB Tommy Armstrong Jr. The plus side to Taylor Martinez not being able to go for most of last season was the time Armstrong got in a rotation with Rob Kellogg III. However, Armstrong ended up starting eight games and now he should be ready to be the dual-threat option to help do a little of everything. The key will be not just his performance, but his health. Sophomore Ryker Fyfe, redshirt freshman Johnny Stanton and freshman Zack Darlington are all talented and promising, but if any quarterback other than Armstrong is seeing meaningful time, there will be problems.
The season will be a success if ...
the Huskers get to the Big Ten championship game. Nebraska is probably the league's third or fourth best team, but most of the big boys are in the East. Considering Wisconsin's relatively easy schedule, a ten win regular season for Nebraska might not get it done if one of the two losses is against the Badgers. Considering the road games at Michigan State and Iowa, just getting to Indianapolis for a 13th game would be excellent.
Key game:
Nov. 15 at Wisconsin. Get ready for the start of a big-time rivalry in the West. The Huskers came back to stun the Badgers in Lincoln in 2012, but the 70-31 rematch in the Big Ten championship was more than just a little bit of payback. This time around, the winner will at the very least have the inside track to taking the division and going off to Indy.
2013 Fun Stats:
- Fumbles: Nebraska 32 (lost 16) – Opponents 18 (lost 4)
- Punt Return Average: Opponents 8.1 – Nebraska 3.0
- Sacks: Nebraska 39 for 270 yards – Opponents 17 for 140 yards
2014 Nebraska Preview - What You Need To Know & Top Players
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text: The manager at the hotel was always around the common areas, asking everyone if they needed anything else to make their stay even more enjoyable. Very pleasant staff and service, and the views and sounds of the jungle are very calming. Not to mention that you're practically across the street from the beach!


text:
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Photo by Soup Lady
Photo by Soup Lady
"This is a favourite dish at our neighbourhood BBQs/potlucks. Certainly not low-fat, but then we're not going to be eating this every day, now are we? I have no idea where the recipe came from but it was given to me by one of my neighbours. Thank-you Heather!"
Serving Size: 1 (164 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 12