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This project demonstrates how to design a wireless electronic notice board using SST89E516RD-40-C-PIE microcontroller. The notice boards are important in public places like railway stations, parks and airports. Presently almost all electronic notice boards are designed using wired system. One of the drawbacks of the design is the system's flexibility in terms of placement. The aim of this project is to develop a wireless notice board that can be installed in any public areas and will display the latest information sent from the user's mobile.
The above circuit consists of Microchip Technology's SST89E516RD-40-C-PIE microcontroller, GSM module, level converter and 16×2 LCD. The LCD is connected to P1.0 and it is used to display message. The GSM module is connected to the SST89E516RD-40-C-PIE microcontroller through the MAX232 IC. Only four data lines are required to display the data, which are connected to P1.4, P1.5, P1.6 and P1.7 respectively. In order to communicate with GSM, some AT commands are sent through the serial connection (UART Protocol). The module requires 9600-baud rate. The GSM modem is duly interfaced through level shifter IC for establishing RS232 communication protocol to the microcontroller. The message received is sent to the microcontroller that further displays it on electronic notice board, which is equipped with a LCD display. It is interfaced to a microcontroller from 8051 family duly powered by a regulated power supply.
This GSM based e-notice board has various applications used in several domains including banks, stock exchanges, traffic control, public advertisements, and educational sectors. Further development to this project can be done by providing message storage facility by non-volatile memory i.e. EEPROM attached to the microcontroller for retrieval of old messages if required. It can also be expanded to a bigger LCD screen.
Wireless Electronic Notice Board using GSM – [Link]
This project is a USB Generic Human Interface Device (HID) device based on a PIC microcontroller. It is a USB interface for alphanumeric LCD display where the user as desired can program it. USB interface is implemented by using PIC18F2550 microcontroller ideal for low power (nanoWatt) and connectivity applications that benefit from the availability of three serial ports: FS-USB (12 Mbit/s), I2C and SPI (up to 10Mbit/s) and an asynchronous (LIN capable) serial port (EUSART). Large amounts of RAM memory for buffering and enhanced FLASH program memory make it ideal for embedded control and monitoring applications that require periodic connection with a (legacy free) personal computer via USB for data upload/download and/or firmware updates.
The hardware design is extremely simple. It can be build using the supplied PCB artwork or on a stripboard or breadboard. The circuit consists of a PIC18F2550 with a 20Mhz resonator and the required components for the LCD screen and the USB. The display is connected to the controller board using single strand wire. In addition, the contrast control potentiometer is placed underneath the board to allow easy adjustment after the LCD screen has been mounted.
USB LCD Controller is definitely useful since it can view various types of information taken from the PC such as temperature, time/date, MP3 song titles, emails, RSS feeds, all that LCD Smartie or other program supports. This provides ease in reading as well as accessing emails and songs in the playlist. Furthermore, the device can be easily constructed and reprogrammed, making it favorable to the users.
USB LCD Controller – [Link]
by samuel123abc @ instructables.com:
Okay, here's the deal. There are some tutorials on youtube showing how to get graphics to show on the nokia 5110 and that's great. If you just want a simple way to do that, go and watch them instead but there are a few problems I see,
1. There are none for mac. I am using a mac and everyone in the videos are using a windows.
2. Sometimes I just wanna go to the computer and search up how to make some graphics. When searching "Nokia 5110 graphics" on google, I found nothing but some libraries and some text.
In this tutorial I will show you how to connect the display, use the code and use some web-based and downloaded tools to create some awesome graphics YOU can customize however you want. Now, enough of me speaking, let's just begin.
Nokia 5110 graphics tutorial – [Link]
by elektor.com:
Startup Percheron Electronics Ltd is looking to fund their rather neat E-Paper display HAT for the Raspberry Pi. Unlike some similar display solutions for the Pi this E-ink HAT attaches without any long ribbon cables. An advantage of this type of display (similar to those used on the Kindle) is that the image persists on the screen when power is removed so they use less power than a TFT display but the E-Paper technology does not support fast moving images.
The PCB is compliant with the Raspberry Pi Foundation's HAT specification, including device tree configuration of the required GPIO pins by the HAT EEPROM. The board is able to drive a 2.7″ 264 x 176 pixel E-Paper display panel and is also suitable for the 1.44″ and 2″ display panels from the same manufacturer.
The board also features a DS3231 real time clock (RTC) IC with a CR1220 lithium coin cell for battery backup when the Pi is powered down. The DS3231 is accurate to 5 parts per million, or within 3 minutes per year. The RTC can generate an interrupt/alarm signal and also a 32 KHz clock signal which can be connected through to GPIO pins by solder pad links, if required.
Neat E-ink HAT for RPi – [Link]
Objective-oriented display solution, to reduce the GUI development difficulty and shorten the cycle.
Nextion is a Seamless Human Machine Interface (HMI) solution that provides a control and visualisation interface between a human and a process, machine, application or appliance. Nextion is mainly applied to IoT or consumer electronics field. It is the best solution to replace the traditional LCD and LED Nixie tube.
This solution includes hardware part – a series of TFT boards and software part – Nextion editor. Nextion TFT board uses only one serial port to do communicating. Let you get rid of the wiring trouble. We notice that most engineers spend much time in application development but get unpleasant results. In this situation, Nextion editor has mass components such as button, text, progress bar, slider, instrument panel etc. to enrich your interface design. And the drag-and-drop function ensures that you spend less time in programming, which will reduce your 99% development workloads. With the help of this WYSIWYG editor, GUI designing is a piece of cake.
Nextion: a cost-effective high-performance TFT HMI – [Link]
by grav-corp.com:
So we're always cooking up hot new hardware in the Grav Corp labs. Recently, we've been working on a project using a 128×64 OLED screen with the SSD1306 controller. Adafruit is a good source of these displays, with an excellent library written by Limor Fried. The Adafruit_SSD1306 library makes it simple to use these displays with a variety of Arduinos, using either software or hardware SPI. However, we wanted a speed boost, and the Due looked like it could deliver, with its DMA (Direct Memory Access) capability.
SSD1306 OLEDs – DMA Library for Arduino Due – [Link]
Simply applicable graphic platform FTDI EVE simplifies development thanks to immediately-usable display modules with capacitive touch panels.
FTDI "Embedded Video Engine" (EVE) platform may be familiar to you from our article like "Be in plus with a graphic platform FTDI VM800P ".
FT800, as a powerful graphic platform with minimum requirements for a host MCU will meet your requirements with a high probability. Into the final application, you´ll probably use only the "heart of the system" itself – chip FT800 (supporting resistive touch panels) or chip FT801 (supporting capacitive panels) but for the beginning it´s certainly a good idea to start with a suitable module, which only needs to be switched-on and it´s possible to start writing and evaluating a SW application.
Thanks to ready-made modules series VM801 nothing prevents you from trying this platform in your application.. VM801 series modules are available in 2 variants:
- VM801B – "basic" module with the FT801 chip, display and accessory circuits. It is a basic module for evaluation of applications. Its main benefit is that you don´t need to design a PCB but you have a well-tried functional unit with a display and also a precise bezel.
- VM801P – "plus" module with the FT801 and the AtMEGA328P/16MHz microcontroller. A powerful module capable of a standalone operation, also supporting Arduino libraries.
Further, VM801 are available with 4,3" as well as 5" displays (480×272 px), both with capacitive touch panel. Modules VM801 are suitable for development, but also for a small-series production, when it´s simpler and cheaper to use such a module than to develop all the hardware portion. Detailed description can be found in the VM801B and VM801P datasheets.
Immediately available TFT modules with capacitive touch panels – [Link]
Even your device can be more user friendly thanks to various pictograms displayed on Winstar WEG series displays with a great contrast and viewing angle.
100×16 pixels at series Winstar WEG010016 isn´t that much at the first sight. But when we realize, that such display represents a sort of a "replacement" or "upgrade" of a character display (2×16-20 chars.), we´ll find, that it has wide possibilities of usage and it´s able to display much more than a character one.
Naturally, even a character display is able to display pictograms, but they´re limited by a given row or a matrix creating a given character. On the other hand, at a graphic display the whole area is available and naturally – it´s still able to display characters too.
Similarly like WEH series character displays, even the WEG series supports 4/8-bit interface "6800"/"8080" and they have a built-in universal controller WS0010.
When we add advantages of OLED displays and attractive price, we have in hands interesting, universally usable display.
Small graphic OLED displays for great prices – [Link]
Arduino Nokia 5110 LCD display tutorial #2 – Load Graphics on the display
In this tutorial we are going to learn how to load our custom made graphics into a Nokia 5110 lcd display.
Arduino Nokia 5110 LCD display tutorial – [Link]
by weirdlab.fr:
This will help to see the state of roads, in live, just need to load your favorite (urban or not) traffic map.
To use the touch screen, we run under a Raspbian distribution, you can download the image file here already configured to work with the XPT2046 LCD Control (most common 3.2 TFT found on ebay) . Extract the image file on a 2Gb mini SD Card, and run the setup config.
Real-Time traffic state with Raspberry Pi in your car – [Link]


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
May 20, 1958 J. A. SAFFIR Filed April 1, 195
United States Patent '6 MEANS FOR TREATING TEETH Jacob A. Safiir, Los Angeles, Calif. Application April 1, 1957, Serial No. 649,957-
3 Claims. (Cl. 167-64).
This invention relates to a means for the application of various substances or medicaments in therapeutics, and more especially in the treatment of teeth.
Teeth may be treated for numerous reasons-as, for example, in active disease, for the prevention of disease, or, for purposes of gaining immunity to disease, and, in the treatment, various materials or drugs may be employed. Also, very frequently it is desirable, in dental practice, to apply medicaments not only to diseased areas, such as the surface of cavities, etc., but also to entirely sound portions of the teeth.
At present, when specific areas of teeth are treated, the procedure is generally to dry the surfaces tobe treated with the patients mouth propped open, after which the medicament is applied to a portion of the tooth or to the whole tooth. The patient is asked to keep his mouth open for as long aspossible to allow the solution to act.
After a few minutes, however, saliva begins diluting the medicament. Should the solution-appliedbe poisonous, as
are the fluorides-used oflate for the possible prevention of decayit is essential that the patient wash the solution away before dribbling saliva carries it past cotton dams or other blocking means into the throat and stomach where. serious harm may result.
At best these medicaments can only be applied to the teeth for a few short minutes, making necessary frequent reapplication, which is costly, inconvenient, and notenti'rely satisfactory since it is nigh impossible to determine how much medicament was retained and just where on the tooth for the resultsdesired before saliva washed it all away.
Because of the short treatment period only a small amount of the therapeutic value of the drug is obtained by the patient and in many cases the value received is questionable. Furthermore, because of the shortness of the treatment period much more concentrated solutions than are otherwise considered safe are often employed in the hope that concentration may make up in some slight measure for the short exposure in the treatment.
' Keeping the teeth dry and exposed to air also necessitates protection of some areas-like plastic jacket crowns and synthetic porcelain and plastic fillingsfrom the ill effects of drying. Special precautions, like coating these fillings, etc., with cocoa butter or Vaseline must be taken, all of which also interferes, to some extent, with the therapeutic effect of any local application.
It is an object of this invention to provide a means for applying medicaments to an area in a manner which provides the area to be treated with the proper contact for the desired length of time.
Another object of this invention is to provide a means for sealing the medicament on a specific tooth or area on a tooth so that it cannot be interfered with by saliva, air, food, or other substances common to the oral cavity.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a means for limiting medication to only a given spot or area so that the danger of a strong drugs spreading where it is not needed and can cause irritation, is eliminated.
This device contemplates sealing the medicament against the tooth by means of a thin sheath of cellulosic film or the like, one surface of which has been coated with a medicated adhesive. Physically, this tape resembles what is commonly called Scotch tape.
Other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which similar elements are designated by like numerals.
Figure l is an enlarged view of the front or labial surface of an upper central incisor.
Figure 2 is a sectional View of the same tooth made along the lines A-A of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is also a sectional view of an upper central incisor.
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the front or labial surface of an upper left central incisor.
Figure 5 is. also an. enlarged view of the front or labial surface of an upper left central incisor.
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the buccal or cheek surface of a lower first molar.
Figure 7 is a diagrammatic cross sectional view of the construction of the medicated tape.
Figure 8 is diagrammatic cross sectional view of an: other modification of the medicated tape- In Figure 7 is illustrated the novelconstruction of the medicament-carrying means. It is. a flat tape of several layers.
At 15 is an outer layer or backing. At 17 is a medicated adhesive layer which may be placed directly on the backing, as illustrated in Figure 8,01, on a primer coat 16, which is used to advantage Where great strength between the medicated adhesive layer and backing is required.
The primer layer is composed of two parts rosin, two parts crepe rubber, dissolved in about thirty-two parts ben- 201, by weight. This layer should be applied very thin and. allowed to dry before adding the medicated adhesive layer 17.
It is preferred that the outer layer 15, or backing to which the medicated adhesive coating is united, be transparent. The medicated adhesive coat, itself, is also generally somewhat transparent, thus lending an appearance, of transparency or unnoticeability to the entire application rendering the teeth to which an. application has been made,. not conspicuous.
The backing 15, is generally a non-fibrous fi-lm of gelatinized ceilul'osic material, such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, or composites of such materials as, for example, a film of regenerated cellulose.
coated on one or both surfaces with a water-proofing, film of a cellulose derivative, as a cellulose ester'or ether. However, backings can be utilized comprised of materialsother than gelatinized cellulosic materials and which are either non-fibrous or are coated with non-fibrous films, preferably Waterproof, composed of cellulosic or other suitable material, including varnishes, lacquers, etc.
In accordance with this invention, sheets of such' film material are provided with coatings of normally tacky and pressure-sensitive medicated adhesive firmly united here to. By normally tacky and pressure-sensitive it is meant that under ordinary atmospheric conditions the medicated adhesive is stable in a condition such that it does not needto be activated by solvents or heat or otherwise prepared in order to secure good adherence to surfaces against which the medicated adhesive coating, with its backing, maybe pressed when used.
The medicated adhesive may be made in a number of ways. There are quite a few formulas for adhesive and V a any number of them can be compatible with medication according to the teachings of this invention.
The formulas for the primer and adhesive here given are merely illustrative and but examples. There are numerous formulas for adhesive bases which would lend themselves satisfactorily for holding a medicament. Below is an example of a suitable medicated adhesive tape. A rubber compound and a tackiness-augmented agent in the form of a synthetic resin are used together with the medicament, sodium fluoride. Proportions suitable for ordinary temperate climates may comprise:
Percent Plasti-cized, first quality plantation rubber 80 Cumarone gum or resin 16 Zinc oxide pigment 3 Sodium fluoride 1 The cumarone gum or resin is an artificial resinous material coming under the group name of cumarone and indene resins, which is the polymerization product of coal tar derivatives. The above ingredients are compounded on a rubber rolling mill to a plastic condition and then cut to desired body or consistency, using a rubber solvent such as benzol or a petroleum solvent, such as high test gasoline. In lieu of a synthetic resin, low melting point natural resin may be employed, such as Burgundy pitch or pine oil foots. Burgundy pitch is soluble in both alcohol and benzol.
The sodium fluoride may be varied from of 1% to 18% by weight, depending on where it is to be used in the mouth and on whom it is to be used. In the case of children where there is a likelihood of a childs dislodging the medicated tape and perhaps even swallowing it during sleep, very low percentages of concentration are indicated. Where it is to be applied as the base in a cavity or in a position where it cannot come loose, the percentage can be increased for greater effectiveness.
Sodium fluoride is used to illustrate this invention because it has been found that the application of this medicament against the tooth has the effect of greatly increasin gjhe tooths resistance to decay. Some research even indicates that decay in a tooth could be almost eliminated if the teeth could be treated with sodium fluoride prior to their becoming carious. Present means of washing a tooth with 2% sodium fluoride for two minutes, at the longest, has seemingly decreased the amount of subsequent decay but it has not eliminated it.
The use of this sodium fluoride medicated tape enables the dentist to place sodium fluoride for long periods where it is needed to obtain significant results.
Although sodium fluoride has been here illustrated as a medicament for immunizing teeth against caries, it is clearly understood that any medicament may be used for this purpose-stannous fluoride, calcium fluoride (fluorspar), cryolite, which is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminum, or zinc fluoride.
Where it is not desirable, for some reason, to incorporate the medicament throughout the adhesive, then ordinary, unmedicated adhesive can be spread on the tape backing to its proper thickness and medicament sprinkled or sprayed over the outer surface of the adhesive where it will eventually come in direct contact with the surface to be treated.
Not only the fluorides, but many other medicaments can be carried by adhesive to the teeth to very great advantage. For example, if of 1% of silver nitrate is added to the adhesive, the tooth will receive a thorough silver nitrate treatment.
Similarly, various bleaching agents, such as potassium chlorate, can be used in small quantities, such as 1%, with gratifying results for stained spots on teeth.
It has also been found that teeth carrying orthodontia bands often decay below the bands. When fluoride medicated tape is placed around the teeth for a few days prior to setting the bands, the chance of decay will be greatly lessened. The medicated adhesive tape should be placed for this purpose as is illustrated in Figure 5.
In Figure 1, a central incisor has a medicated adhesive strip 4 attached to the labial surface 2 of the tooth. The reason for placing a patch of strip, as illustrated, may be that the dentist has noted incipient decay, and, instead of cutting away a large portion of the tooth, he has decided to try to immunize the tooth against further decay.
I first thoroughly dried with cotton and warm air.
In most cases, an immunity thereby results, which not only is present at the area of the patch, but may extend to the entire tooth.
If it contains 1% sodium fluoride, the patch should be permitted to stay on the tooth for a minimum of three or four days, if possible.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the same tooth along the lines AA of Figure 1. At 4 is the medicated adhesive tape, at 2 is the crown of the tooth, and 3 is the root.
In Figure 3 the patch 4 has been made to cover the labial surface of the tooth, excepting that it was desired that the tape not touch the area 8, so a small piece of cotton was inserted underneath the tape at the point 8 and this part of the tooth consequently is not in contact with the medicament.
In Figure 4 a patch 4 has been placed over the area '7 of the root 3 and the gingival area 6 of the labial surface 2. The patch of this type is especially valuable in treating sensitive dentine and enamel which frequently exists or occurs where gums recede. The preferred medicament for sensitivity is a 5% sodium fluoride adhesive mixture or a 1% Zinc chloride adhesive mixture. There are, of course, other medicaments, equally eflicacious which can be substituted.
In Figure 5, the medicated adhesive band completely encircles the crown 18 of the tooth and laps over at the point 5 on the labial surface 2. This treatment is used to prepare a tooth for orthodontia bands or where decay or white spots may be forming on numerous places in the crown. As mentioned above, wherever caries prevention is desired, sodium fluoride is the preferred medicament in the adhesive.
Figure 6 is a lower first molar where the medicated adhesive tape 4 covers the gingival portion 12 of the crown 9 and the gingival portion 11 of the root 10. The medicament in the adhesive tape of this nature would be indicated by what condition was being treated.
To apply the medicated, adhesive tape, the tooth is While the surface is dry, the medicated tape is applied with sutficient pressure to seal the tape on the tooth surface.
After the tape has served its purpose, it is peeled off by engaging a corner with a sharp instrument or the finger nail. Should any of the adhesive adhere to the tooth structure it can be removed with any organic solvent such as zylol, benzine, acetone, alcohol-or a dry piece of cotton, where no solvent is available, will suffice through mere friction.
Having described preferred forms of my invention and methods of use, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that wide variations may be made from the foregoing detailed disclosures without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the terms of the appended claims.
Accordingly what is desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States and is claimed as new is:
1. A device for sealing a medicament on a tooth surface so that it cannot be interfered with by saliva, air, food, or other substances common to the oral cavity comprising an easily removable inconspicuous laminated patch of tooth size, said patch consisting of an outer layer in the form of a thin sheath of transparent, water insoluble cellulosic film and a transparent inner layer in the form of a pressure sensitive adhesive containing a fluoride salt, in the amount of /10 of 1% to 18% by weight.
2. A device as in claim 1 in which a primer layer is 5 interposed between the outer and inner layers, said primer layer being composed of two parts rosin, two parts crepe rubber, dissolved in about 32 parts benzol by weight.
3. A method of preventing tooth decay which comprises sealing a medicament against a tooth by means of a patch of tooth size, said patch comprising a thin sheath of cellulosic film, one surface of which has been coated with a pressure sensitive medicated adhesive containing a fluoride salt, in the amount of A of 1% to 18% by weight, allowing the patch to remain upon the tooth for a desired time interval, and then peeling the patch 011?.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Foulks Nov. 4, 1884 Darby Feb. 9, 1886 Respess Apr. 14, 1925 Cross Jan. 16, 1934 Levey Aug. 27, 1935 Levey Nov. 15, 1938 Levey Nov. 15, 1938 Drew May 2, 1939 Russ Sept. 9, 1947
Patent Citations
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The preliminary Staff Report issued by the FTC earlier this month is the most aggressive effort by the FTC to date on the issue of online and mobile privacy generally. The preliminary Staff Report proposes a "do not track" mechanism along with an overall online privacy framework that would rigidly regulate how information is collected both online and through mobile devices, how it can be used, and how it must be stored. Deviating from the distinction between "personally-identifiable information" and "non-personally-identifiable information" that has formed the foundation for other privacy regulations and legislation, the framework proposed in the preliminary Staff Report maintains that such dichotomy is no longer relevant. Because this is arguably a profound change in the existing state of regulation in this area, the preliminary Staff Report is being circulated for comment before it becomes final. This article provides a basic outline of the proposed framework for those who may not already be familiar with the preliminary Staff Report.
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text: ` Clown Fish Your home for art glass discussion. Welcome, Guest. Please login or register. 1 Hour 1 Day 1 Week 1 Month Forever Login with username, password and session length Home Help Search Calendar Gallery Facebook Login Register StainedGlassville Art Glass Forums » Forum » General Category (Forum & Glass Related) » Member Showcase » Clown Fish Stainedglassville Gallery ~ Random Images « previous next » Print Pages: [1] Go Down Author Topic: Clown Fish (Read 1202 times) 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. jackiebkc Jr. Member Posts: 79 My favorite lamp to date! Clown Fish « on: June 01, 2012, 08:45:01 AM » Publish I'm getting an early start on this year's Christmas gifts. I finished soldering but still need to add chain to these clown fish suncatchers. I may make a couple more and next time I intend to cut the pink/black coral with the grain going side to side so there is more color variation. Now that summer is here, I'm finding it hard to squeeze in my glass. clown fish[1].JPG (89.94 kB, 600x799 - viewed 144 times.) Logged Jackie Gary Administrator Forum Star Posts: 3356 Country: Thanked: 1 times Re: Clown Fish « Reply #1 on: June 01, 2012, 09:30:15 AM » Publish Isn't that strandge how stained glass always happens in 3's. Nice fish! Logged wunderwerks Full Member Posts: 230 Re: Clown Fish « Reply #2 on: June 01, 2012, 09:37:55 AM » Publish While I'm still trying to get my flowers planted so I can get back to my summer glass projects, you are starting on Christmas! OMG you work fast. How do you find the time between full-time employment and Harley fun with your DH??? Are you up all night!!!??? Logged Cheryl jackiebkc Jr. Member Posts: 79 My favorite lamp to date! Re: Clown Fish « Reply #3 on: June 01, 2012, 10:13:05 AM » Publish I actually started these about a month ago. I have a couple hot air balloons cut out too and an angel but those need to be put on hold because I owe my friend another prairie style lamp for helping my son get a promotion at his job. When my son graduated college I informed all my friends that anyone who helps my son get a decent job I would do a lamp shade for them. One of my friends who works for the railroad took me up on my offer and recommended my son for a conductor job. I made her a prairie style lamp. He recently applied for a dispatcher job for the same railroad and my friend helped him secure the dispatcher job. The payment, a matching lamp shade. I actually hate panel lamps but it's a small price to pay for the job my son now has! Logged Jackie AglassAct Full Member Posts: 126 Re: Clown Fish « Reply #4 on: June 01, 2012, 11:07:50 AM » Publish Just love those fish! Logged StainedGlassville Art Glass Forums Re: Clown Fish « Reply #4 on: June 01, 2012, 11:07:50 AM » Print Pages: [1] Go Up « previous next » StainedGlassville Art Glass Forums » Forum » General Category (Forum & Glass Related) » Member Showcase » Clown Fish Stained Glass ending NOW on ebay... 8x10 Sheet Spectrum Cobalt Blue Waterglass 3mm Stained Glass (SP136W) $7.06End Date: Monday Jul-20-2015 8:49:25 PDTBuy It Now for only: $7.06Buy It Now | Add to watch list 13+ LBS STAINED GLASS SCRAPS MOSAIC ART SUPPLIES SUNCATCHER COLORS PIECES KIT $11.95 (0 Bids)End Date: Sunday Jul-12-2015 5:39:39 PDTBid now | Add to watch list Stained glass tools- Iron, Pliers, foil rolls and cutters $41.06 (11 Bids)End Date: Wednesday Jul-8-2015 10:02:59 PDTBid now | Add to watch list Powered by EzPortalSitemap SMF 2.0.10 | SMF © 2015, Simple MachinesSMFAds for Free Forums XHTML RSS WAP2 Page created in 0.305 seconds with 43 queries. ~ Personalized content ~ by Down East Web Services


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System and apparatus to accelerate solution of gas into liquid. The system includes an aspirating injector to bring the gas into the pressurized system, a collider, a reactor, and an optional gas/liquid separator. The collider and reactor provide for prompt renewal of the interface in the bubble with the liquid as the consequence of abrupt changes of direction of flow.
1. A system for accelerating the solution of treatment gas into a liquid stream, said system being adapted to receive and maintain said stream under pressure, said system comprising:
an aspirating injector comprising a body having an axial passage, a converging section, a throat section and a diverging section in said passage in that order, an injector port through said body entering said throat section and adapted to receive treatment gas to be dissolved in said liquid stream, said passage having an inlet port to receive said stream, and an outlet port;
a collider and a reactor, each having an inlet port and an outlet port, the inlet port of one of them being connected to the outlet port of the injector, its outlet port connected to the inlet port of the other and; a fluid release receiving said stream from said last mentioned outlet port for releasing the treated stream from the system while maintaining the system under pressure:
said collider comprising a body forming a chamber, a pair of nozzles opposing one another, said stream being divided so a portion flows through each said nozzle with their streams flowing toward and meeting one another in said chamber, said body having an outlet port exiting the chamber; said outlet comprising the exit for all of the stream which entered said chamber.
2. A system according to
3. A system according to
4. A system according to
5. A system according to
6. A system according to
7. A system according to
8. A system Apparatus according to
a nozzle in said inlet port directing said stream axially into said cylinder;
a partial barrier extending laterally across said cylinder dividing said cylinder onto a first chamber and a second chamber, said barrier having an upstream face facing into said first chamber and axially facing said nozzle, and a downstream face facing into said second chamber and facing said outlet port;
said upstream face having a concave circular first reflecting surface centered on said central axis and facing said nozzle, the radius of said reflecting surface being smaller than the internal radius of said internal cylindrical wall;
a plurality of axially extending arcuate blades, each having an outer wall closely fitting to said internal cylindrical wall, a dimension of radial thickness, and an inner wall concentric with its said outer wall, said blades having axially-extending side walls, said blades being angularly spaced from one another to provide an equal number of axial slots between them;
a cove surface circularly surrounding said first nozzle, extending to said inner walls of the blades and to their intersections with said slots, whereby said stream discharges from said nozzle so a major portion of it strikes said reflecting surface, which reverses a major portion of the flow to the cove surface which in turn reflects a major portion of said flow toward said barrier along said blades and in said slots, said partial barrier being pierced between with slots between said slots to provide for flow from said first chamber into said second chamber, thereby to pass said flow from the first chamber into said second chamber, said outlet port discharging from said second chamber.
9. A system according to
10. A system according to
11. A system according to
12. A system for accelerating the solution of treatment gas into a liquid stream, said system being adapted to receive and maintain said stream under pressure, said system comprising:
an aspirating injector comprising a body having an axial passage, a converging section, a throat section and a diverging suction in said passage in that order, an injector port through said body entering said throat section and adapted to receive treatment gas to be dissolved in said liquid stream, said passage having an inlet port to receive said stream, and an outlet port;
a collider comprising a body forming a chamber having an inlet port and an outlet port, said inlet port being connected to the outlet port of the injector, its outlet port being connected to a fluid release receiving said stream from said last mentioned outlet port for releasing the treated stream from the system while maintaining the system under pressure; said collider comprising a body forming a chamber, a pair of nozzles opposing one another, said stream being divided so a portion flows through each said nozzle with their streams flowing toward and meeting one another in said chamber, said body having an outlet port exiting the chamber, said outlet comprising the exit for all of the stream which entered said chamber.
13. A system according to
14. A system according to
15. A collider receptive of two streams of a gas/liquid stream to accelerate the solution of the gas into the liquid, said collider comprising:
a body forming a chamber, pair of nozzles opposing one another, said stream being divided so a portion flows through each said nozzle with their streams flowing toward and meeting one another in said chamber, said body having an outlet port exiting the chamber, each of said nozzles includes a converging section, and twisting vanes in said converging section whereby to impart a rotary motion to the outer region of the stream as it flows through the nozzle.
16. A collider according to
17. A collider according to
18. A reactor receptive of a stream of liquid and bubbles of treatment gas, for accelerating the solution of said gas in said liquid, said reactor comprising:
a body having a central axis with an internal cylindrical wall forming an axial internal cylinder, its said inlet port adapted to receive said stream, and its said outlet port adapted to discharge said stream with an increased dissolved amount of said treatment gas therein, said inlet port and said outlet port being centrally located on said central axis;
a nozzle in said inlet port directing said stream axially into said cylinder;
a partial barrier extending laterally across said cylinder dividing said cylinder onto a first chamber and a second chamber, said barrier having an upstream face facing into said first chamber and axially facing said nozzle, and a downstream face facing into said second chamber and facing said outlet port;
said upstream face having a concave circular first reflecting surface centered on said central axis and facing said nozzle, the radius of said reflecting surface being smaller than the internal radius of said internal cylindrical wall;
a plurality of axially extending arcuate blades, each having an outer wall closely fitting to said internal cylindrical wall, a dimension of radial thickness, and an inner wall concentric with its said outer wall, said blades having axially-extending side walls, said blades being angularly spaced from one another to provide an equal number of axial slots between them;
a cove surface circularly surrounding said first nozzle, extending to said inner walls of the blades and to their intersections with said slots, whereby said stream discharges from said nozzle so a major portion of it strikes said reflecting surface, which reverses a major portion of the flow to the cove surface which in turn reflects a major portion of said flow toward said barrier along said blades and in said slots, said partial barrier being pierced between with slots between said slots to provide for flow from said first chamber into said second chamber, thereby to pass said flow from the first chamber into said second chamber, said outlet port discharging from said second chamber.
19. A reactor according to
20. A system according to
Accelerating the solution and equilibrium of gases injected into a liquid, such as air, oxygen, ozone or chlorine in the treatment of liquids, for example water.
Infusion of gases into a flowing stream of liquid is commonplace in many industries. Perhaps the best-known example is treatment of water with ozone, oxygen, air, or other gases for purification purposes. There are many techniques to accomplish this, all of which involve presenting the gas to the liquid at a liquid/gas interface so the gas (or some of it) will dissolve in the liquid, passing across the interface.
There are several most frequently encountered techniques for creating the interface. One example is to spray the water into air so the surfaces of the liquid droplets form the interface. Another is to pour the liquid over extended surfaces such as Raschig rings to spread out the surface of the water to form an extended interface. Another is the injection of bubbles into a body of water. This technique can be accomplished simply by bubbling gas through the water, or as more pertinent to this invention by injecting the gas into a pressurized closed flowing stream of water with the use of an aspirating injector.
In the latter two techniques—bubbling and injecting, the interface is the concave boundary of the gas bubbles, rather than the flat or convex exposed surface of the water. The transfer of the gas into the liquid requires its passage across the interface formed by the gas trapped in the bubbles. Although there are other pertinent parameters, those of most importance are the surface area of the bubbles and the system pressure.
It is well-known that a large number of smaller bubbles will have a larger total interface area than a single large bubble containing the same total volume of gas. It follows that the rate of transfer of a given volume of gas will be accelerated by reduction of the size of the bubbles, considering equal volumes of gas.
Also, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is a direct function of the pressure (Henry's Law). More gas will be dissolved in a given liquid at a higher pressure (at the same temperature) than the same gas at a lower pressure.
Another parameter, which is more related to dynamics than to pressure and area at the interface is the partial pressure and the concentration of the gas intended to be transferred at the interface. For example, when air is injected the gas desired to be transferred is oxygen, rather than nitrogen and the other constituents of air. Their rates of transfer may not be equal, and it is possible that the concentration of oxygen at the interface may be lower than the concentration farther away from it. While the effect may be small for each bubble, in this invention many thousands of small bubbles are contemplated and even minor differences can provide major effects.
Because in some applications there may even be an exchange of gases from the water into the bubbles and vice versa, any means to accelerate the transfer is a welcome improvement. In conventional installations, it is common practice simply to employ enough volume of apparatus to provide time for the interchange to occur. This frequently necessitates the use of large tanks and towers, or large conduitry. These are expensive in themselves and require substantial "real estate" to accommodate them in major systems.
Instead of the above, or in addition to it, apparatus is known to stir or otherwise mix the gas and liquid. For example, static mixers are known which function to cause internal movement in the fluid stream with the objective of providing a uniform "availability" of the gas bubbles and liquids, thereby to assure a uniformity of fluid in the system, avoiding voids and pockets, and local concentrations.
Such static mixers ordinarily redirect the stream or portions of it to change a smooth stream into a path with cross-currents, orbital currents, and the like. In some, downstream-directed stream converge into one another as they flow through the mixer. Their objective is to mix the components of the stream to approach uniformity and eliminate regions of greater or lesser concentration. They are as useful in blending syrups as in mixing liquids and gases.
However, that is not the objective of this invention. Instead, this invention is directed toward the vigorous and rapid continuing renewal of the interface conditions between the bubble and the surrounding liquid. The objectives are very different from those of the static mixer.
It is further useful to emphasize that the stream in this system, while closed and under pressure is not incompressible. In fact it is compressible, and in a sense elastic. This is because of its substantial gas content which often may be as high, volummetrically, as 20%. The liquid is, of course not compressible, but because of the gas, the combined stream is. Therefore changes in pressure, physical forces such as abrupt accelerations, impacts and reversals, result in important changes in the shape and size of the bubbles. The consequence is that the composition at the interface of the gas bubble with the liquid is being constantly renewed.
While neither the reactor nor the collider has any moving parts, it is not a static mixer in the conventional sense. The exercise of this stream is far from orderly. Its abrupt reversals, eddy regions and internal nozzles and joggles, all combine to cause this compressible stream to undergo physical reactions that profoundly accelerate the solution of the gas into the liquid.
The applicant has discovered that the rapid renewal of the interfaces and of the gas concentration directly contiguous to this interface has an extraordinary cumulative effect on the transfer of gases. He has also discovered that a most appropriate way to accomplish this is by the "exercising" of the gas bubbles, for example by abrupt changes in direction of the stream, of passing the stream through sequential orifices, and of colliding streams of bubble-containing liquid. These techniques can be used singly or in any combination. Such exercise of the bubbles results in a surprisingly effective and very rapid solution and equilibrium of the gas.
This invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by including in a flowing system under pressure, a collider or a reactor of surprisingly small bulk, or both, located downstream from an aspirator injector. For some applications this may advantageously be followed by an optional gas separator to remove undissolved excess gas.
This invention provides an optimum system which provides surprisingly beneficial results. However, there are many applications where ultimate performance is unnecessary. In this, an installation of lesser complexity and bulk can provide a myriad of small bubbles of gas to be dissolved and treated with sufficiently acceptable results.
The reader is entitled to ask why there is an advantage in accelerating a process which, if given enough time would occur anyway. The answer is that for a given volume of liquid and desired attained result it is possible to reduce the bulk and footprint of the system (and thereby its cost), and to reduce the dwell time of the liquid during treatment.
There is the additional advantage that the system need not be "over-dosed" in order to be certain that sufficient gas is available, and then requiring the stripping off a large excess quantity of treatment gas.
The rapid renewal and abrupt changes of the interfaces caused by the fluid manipulations of this invention result in a surprising reduction in dwell time and bulk of the process equipment. When the preferred embodiment of the system is utilized, the dwell time can often be reduced by as much as 60%, with an attendant reduction of required real estate and investment, compared to known systems.
The presently preferred embodiment of the invention receives liquid under pressure to be treated by an injected gas. The liquid flows into an aspirator injector which injects the gas into the liquid. From the injector, the flow is to a collider and a reactor, in either order, in which the stream is subjected to vigorous exercising including abrupt changes in motion rapidly to renew the gas/liquid interfaces.
From these (or from either one if only one is used) the stream is discharge, preferably through a centrifugal gas/liquid separator.
According to a preferred but optional feature of the invention, the collider provides for two colliding stream which create the vigorous action.
According to yet another preferred but optional feature of the invention, the reactor includes a cylinder having an upstream chamber and a downstream chamber with a partial barrier between them. An inlet nozzle directs a strong stream against a reflector surface on the barrier, which reverses the direction of flow in the chamber to a cove surface that again abruptly reflects the stream. The stream flows through joggle slots into the downstream chamber where it preferably strikes a cove surface that reflects the stream to a downstream facing reflecting surface, from which the stream resumes its flow toward the separator.
The above and other features of this invention will be fully understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the preferred circuit of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial cross-section of the preferred embodiment of injector;
FIG. 3 is an end view taken at line 3—3 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an end view taken at line 4—4 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a side view, partly in cutaway cross-section and partly in phantom line of the preferred collider;
FIG. 6 is a cross-section taken at line 6—6 in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the preferred nozzle for use in FIG. 5, a simplified nozzle being shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is an end view taken at line 8—8 in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the presently preferred reactor;
FIG. 10 is a cross-section taken at line 10—10 in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an oblique view of a portion of the reactor of FIG. 9 removed for purposes of illustration;
FIG. 12 is a cross-section taken at line 12—12 in FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a cross section taken at line 13—13 in FIG. 10; and
FIG. 14 is an axial cross-section of a centrifugal separator useful in the system of FIG. 1.
The presently preferred system 20 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1. This is the optimum system, which offers all of the advantages of the invention. As will later be apparent, parts of it may be modified or eliminated, in order to adjust the performance of one of the components or to accept a lesser performance of the system. In the latter event, the lesser performance may be sufficient for the intended application, and the reduced cost of the eliminated component is attractive.
Systems according to this invention are capital expenses, often paid with tax dollars. Reduction in costs for equivalent performance often lead to granted contracts. It is a substantial advantage that this system can use all or less than all of its components, and in every situation will provide equivalent or better performance for less equipment cost, and with less real estate to accommodate it, than presently-known systems used for the same purposes.
The system is adapted to accept and to treat a liquid such as water from a source 21. Source 21 may be such as a reservoir, a tank, a sump, a lake, or some other storage means for the liquid intended to be treated. The most common use for this system will be the treatment of water with a treatment gas, for example to sanitize it for domestic purposes, or to reduce a contaminant so the stream can be discharged into the environment, perhaps into a sewer or a river.
The water must be treated under pressure. Accordingly, a pump 22 receives liquid from the source through conduit 23 and impels it through conduit 24 to an aspirating injector 25.
It is the function of injector 25 to aspirate into the stream a treatment gas from a gas source 26 into the stream in a myriad of small gas bubbles. A regulator valve 27 is optionally placed between the injector and the gas source 26.
Conduit 24 receives the bubble-laden stream from the injector, and conveys it to a collider 32 through two branches 33, 34. As will later be shown, these inject the stream into the collider, from which, recombined, it exits the collider through a conduit 35.
In turn, conduit 35 conveys the stream to a reactor 40. A conduit 41 conveys the stream from the reactor to a separator 42, which functions to strip undissolved or entrained gas from the liquid. A gas vent 43 relieves gases from the separator, and discharges it to a point of disposal through conduit 44. Under some circumstances a vacuum pump 45 may be connected to conduit 44.
Water stripped of residual gases exits the separator through conduit 47. System pressure may be further regulated and maintained by a pump 48 under control of a pressure regulator loop 49.
The term "fluid release" is sometimes used herein to denote structure which will enable the liquid to leave the system while still maintaining system pressure. This may include the separator and its downstream valving, or if the separator is not used, then only valving.
The foregoing is a description of the most complete system. The individual components will now be described, and some will be claimed individually as such.
The presently-preferred form of injector 25 to be used in this system is shown in FIGS. 2-4. It is a member of the class of aspirating injectors shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,123,800 and 5,863,128, issued to Angelo L. Mazzei. The latter one is illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, although the simpler embodiment shown in the former patent is also useful in the invention. Both of these patents are incorporated herein and made a part hereof by reference in their entirety for their showing of the details of construction of useful injectors. In particular the reader is referred to U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,128 for a complete discussion of its features. FIGS. 2-4 show injector 25. Such injectors can be purchased from Mazzei Injector Corporation at 11101 Mountain View Road, Bakersfield, Calif. 93307.
Known systems utilizing such an injector and a separator are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,312 issued to Angelo L. Mazzei and U.S. Pat. No. 6,193,893 issued to Angelo L. Mazzei and Raymond M. Meyer. Both of these patents are incorporated herein and made a part hereof by reference for their showing of systems that utilize both an injector and a separator, and their teaching of the management of such systems.
A body 60 has an axial central passage 61 extending from inlet end 62 to outlet end 63. Conduit 24 is connected to inlet end 62. Conduit 30 is connected to outlet end 63.
The passage is circular. An inlet section 64 is followed in the downstream direction by a converging section 65, a substantially cylindrical throat section 66, and an expanding section 67 in that order.
Supply port 68 is connected to conduit 69, and enters into a circular groove 70 through which treatment gases are injected into the throat section. Groove 70 (or injection ports instead) are preferably located close to the end of the converging section.
Twisting vanes 71 are formed in the converging section. Straightening vanes 72 are formed in the diverging section. These project into the stream to the limited extent described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,128. Twisting vanes 71 give a small circular "twist" to the outer boundary of the stream. Straightening vanes 72 remove some of this twist. These vanes are optional. With the loss of only some advantage, injectors without them will also function well. U.S. Pat. No. 4,123,800 illustrates such an injector.
The effluent stream from the injector is liquid which includes within it a myriad of small bubbles of the treatment gas received from source 26 (atmosphere, tank, compressor). The stream, having been reasonably well mixed, is dispatched by system pressure to collider 32. The collider is the first of two devices which "exercise" the stream flow, and thereby also the bubbles, their contents, and their interfaces.
The preferred embodiment of collider 32 is shown in FIGS. 5-8. The collider comprises a body 81 forming a closed internal chamber 82, with a pair of end walls 83, 84. The wall 85 between them is preferably cylindrical. Exit port 86 departs from the chamber at a right angle to the central axis 87 of the cylinder wall.
Nozzles 88, 89 an respectively connected to branches 33 and 34. They are placed on axis 87, and are directed into the chamber. In the arrangement shown, which usually will be preferred, they are axially pointed directly at each other.
Instead of being axially aligned and directly opposed, these nozzles may be pointed with their streams intersecting and forming between them an angle greater than zero degrees, and not greater than about 90 degrees. Then the streams will not axially collide, but instead will collide obliquely, so as to provide impulse to movement of the fluid in a non-symmetrical manner.
Nozzles 88 and 89 may if desired be simple converging types with converging surfaces just before their exit ports. Such simple nozzles may be used with considerable effect in this system. However, it has been found that utilizing the nozzles shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,128 issued to Angelo L. Mazzei, provides an improvement to the function of the basic collider. As best shown in FIGS. 6-8, the preferred nozzle comprises a body 90. This body is essentially the same as the inlet and converging sections of the injector. It includes an inlet section 92 connected to conduit 33 or 34. The body is mounted to a respective end wall of the collider. The nozzle has a central orifice 93 at its outlet end 94, directing its stream into the chamber.
In the preferred embodiment, the converging section has, on its surface 95 a plurality of twisting vanes 96, which provide rotation to a limited outer portion of the flowing stream. Full discussion of this feature will be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,995, issued to Angelo L. Mazzei, which patent is incorporated herein and made a part hereof by reference for its showing of the construction and theory of a nozzle of this type. The vanes are not necessary to this system, but they do assist in creating movements of fluid in the chamber.
Attention is called to regions 98, 99 in the chamber, to the side of the nozzles. These are regions in which liquid eddies, rather as in a pocket, subsidiary to the major flow resulting from the collision of the streams, and their exit out the exit port. These eddy current regions provide, for some of the liquid, an increased dwell time that enables still more rapid solution of the gases.
The dimensions of the collider are arbitrary. The important relationship is for the directed flow patterns of the nozzles to intersect one another, preferably directly on, but in some applications, at an included angle between them of not more than about 90 degrees. The intended and effective result is attained as the consequence of the collisions of the streams, which cause rapid changes of direction and shape of the bubbles, and secondarily, time spent in eddies in some regions of the collider. The benefits of the nozzle, which has important advantages when used to inject a liquid into a body of the liquid, are described in the said U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,995 to Mazzei. It should be remembered that this system is filled with fluid (both gas and liquid), all of which is under pressure.
Reactor 40 is a more complicated structure. In a relatively short structural length it provides a mean path that is not only significantly longer than its structure, but provides a quite complex path with many excursions from a straight-through path, leading to collisions with structure and with other currents in a complicated stream. The structure itself is rather straight-forward, and readily molded to shape.
Reactor 40 comprises a body 100 having a cylindrical inner wall 101 forming a cylinder 102 with a central axis 103. An axial inlet port 104 receives the stream from conduit 35. An axial outlet port 105 discharges the stream to conduit 41.
A nozzle 106 in the inlet port is preferably a converging type nozzle that forms a concentrated, nearly cylindrical stream directed axially into the chamber.
A partial barrier 110 extends laterally across the chamber. It is "partial" because some flow patterns are permitted past it. In its central area, it acts as a barrier that is also a reflector of at least part of the stream. Because of its complexity the barrier is most conveniently formed in a mold, at least for sizes up to about 3 inches in diameter.
It divides the internal cylinder into a first chamber 111 and a second chamber 112. Chamber 111 is upstream and in communication with the nozzle. Chamber 112 is downstream and communication with the outlet port. Gross flow is from the inlet port to the outlet port, and it all must pass the barrier. The barrier includes an upstream-facing reflecting surface 113, which is directly aligned with the nozzle so as to receive and reflect at least the major portion of its stream. It should be remembered that this reactor is filled with fluid in many modes of motion, so that, while much of the nozzle discharge directly impacts surface 113, a significant part of it will become involved with other flow patterns.
The reflecting surface is preferably concave, so that, when the nozzle discharge strikes it as a stream, the reflected stream flares outwardly as it returns in a generally upstream direction. This returning flow in turn strikes a circular cove 114 adjacent to the nozzle, from which it is returned in a downstream direction. Thus, this far the stream has undergone two reversals of direction, both abrupt. In addition, there are intersections of various parts of the general stream—for example the intersection of part of the nozzle stream with the reflected stream, the interaction of the reflected stream with the cove, and its reflected stream with the first reflected stream.
The barrier further includes a plurality of axially extending arcuate blades 115, 116, 117, 118. These blades are angularly spaced from one another so as to provide slots 119, 120, 121 and 122 between them. The reflecting surface includes an annular surface 123 between the blades and the impingement surface. This provides yet another surface on which downstream-directed fluid can strike. It is continuous at the blades, but is pierced by the slots. It provides not only for impact, but also for compression of the stream, especially as the stream that strikes between the slot moves laterally to join fluid that flows directly into the slot and through a relieved portion 125. While some of the stream might flow directly from the nozzle to these relieved portions (the shortest possible path), the great preponderance of the flow will experience at least three impacts, plus an indeterminate number of mixings with intersecting currents or eddies. Especially at the upstream end of the first chamber around its edge there is a region likely to produce eddy currents for still more mixing.
The gross stream passes into the second (downstream) chamber 112. In its preferred embodiment, the downstream chamber subjects the flow to further mixing and abrupt reversal. In some embodiments, this will not be necessary because flow patterns in the first (upstream) chamber will have been sufficient. In that event, the downstream chamber may be formed as a simple funnel (not shown), discharging to conduit 41.
Joggle surfaces 124, 125, 126 and 127 are formed by upstream ends of blades 128, 129, 130 and 131. Slots 132, 133, 134 and 135 are formed between these blades in the downstream chamber. They extend to a cove surface 136. As can be seen, a portion of the flow through the slots can be straight-through, but part of it encounter the joggles. These joggles direct a portion of the stream into the direct stream through the direct path between the slots creating still another mixing of the liquid and the bubbles.
The joggles preferably "blank" about one half of the width of the slots, so that portion of the stream is diverted into the remainder which passes straight through. This not only causes another violent mixing, but also forms restrictions in the nature of nozzles which accelerate the flow and locally reduce the pressure. This is a further "exercising" of the bubbles. The total areas of the open aperture at the joggles should about equal the cross-section area of the nozzle inlet, although this is not a limiting value.
On the downstream side of the barrier there is a reflecting surface which reflects the stream from the cove to the outlet port. Surface 137 may be concave or flat as desired. The reflective and edging flow resemble those in the upstream chamber.
Reactor 40 thereby provides in a comparatively small and short device the equivalent of long conduits or large tanks. In fact, a 3 inch long reactor with about 1� inch internal diameter has been found to be the equivalent of a 400 gallon tank, which usually must be built from stainless steel. The savings in equipment cost and of real estate are real and are dramatic.
When the stream leaves reactor 40, it will have received the intended benefits of this invention. At this point, the stream may be discharged from the system, with both the liquid (with dissolved gas) and entrained gas (as bubbles). The pressure in the system must be maintained, so the exit will be through a controlled release such as a pressure regulator that permits escape of fluid, but without reducing the system pressure.
However, the effluent would be rather effervescent, and also perhaps the entrained gases would objected to. For example, if ozone or chlorine were used in excess for treatment, the bubbles would need to be removed, and the gases recirculated or otherwise disposed of.
An optimum gas separator is shown in FIG. 14. It requires no separate power supply, and operates solely on system pressure. It is a centrifugal separator of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,622,545 issued to Angelo L. Mazzei and Steven D. Ford. This patent is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference for its showing. Full details of construction, theory and operation of such a separator can be obtained from a reading of this patent.
Separator 42 includes a cylindrical vortex tube 150 that forms a centrifuge chamber 151. Its upper wall is pierced by injector ports 152 that convey the stream under pressure from nozzles 153 through a cuff-like supply chamber 154 to provide a rapidly swirling flow around and down the vortex tube. The heavier liquid will segregate to the wall, and the gas will segregate near the axis.
A separator tube 160 extends down the center of the vortex tube. It has slots 161 that permit the gases to flow into the tube and up through exit port 162. Liquid flows out the bottom through exit port 163.
Above the exit port is a gas relief valve 165. This valve is responsive to the interface between liquid and gas, and will open to release gas if the liquid level in the separator chamber is too low.
The system described to this point incorporates all of the potential advantages of the invention. However, all features will not always be needed. For example, if it is agreeable to flash the residual gases into the atmosphere no separator will be needed. Also, other types of separators may instead be used, including settling tanks, for example.
In many systems, either of the collider or reactor may be used without the other, and when both are used, their order in the system can be reversed. Whatever the arrangement, it will include an aspirating injector for the system.
The collider and reactor are unique in their own right, and do not require an injector to provide advantages of accelerating solution of gases, although the combination is beneficial. Persons skilled in the art will recognize other uses for these unique devices.
This invention thereby provides a unique system to accelerate the solution of gases, and unique individual pieces of apparatus (the collider and reactor) with benefits of their own.
This invention is not to be limited by the embodiment shown in the drawings and described in the description, which is given by way of example and not of limitation, but only in accordance with the scope of the appended claims.
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From Our Editors
While glass slippers are often considered the pinnacle of princessly accessorizing, they were actually invented for a crude beer garden drinking game. See the poster girl for this remarkable footwear daringly don a pair during North Carolina Dance Theatre's rendition of Cinderella. With today's deal, $30 gets you one orchestra-seat ticket (a $60 value) to either the Friday, March 12, or Thursday, March 11, performance. Both shows start at 7:30 p.m. in the newly opened Knight Theater in the heart of downtown.


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Save up to 80% Site-Wide
We have prebuilt models of our most popular ThinkPad and ThinkCentre PCs!
With Up to 22% off
In this section of our Stimulus Resource Center For Educators, we present a number of Lenovo education solutions, which are in line with the targeted educational goals of the ARRA funding. Lenovo has always viewed its award-winning technology as a starting point in our relationship with education institutions. The core of our educational relationships has always been a desire to work with educators and to build upon our technology, developing targeted solutions for their key problems and opportunities.
Supporting teaching and learning are Lenovo's core objectives for education. The products we develop and services we deliver are the means to these ends.


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Page Showing 1-15 of 15 Results
Good Size & Balance; could use some interior pockets
Pete Palmer
from Beaufort, SC
on 9/3/2014
I wanted a larger size backpack - and this delivered.However, it could benefit from some internal pockets or areas to stick shampoo and other miscellaneous stuff - rather than all jumbled together in the bottom. Even using some other smallish bags, while separating 'stuff' still leaves a melange in the bottom.
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from OH
on 8/30/2014
Our son plays water polo. Needed a bag big enough to carry shoes, larger towel change of clothes etc. This is perfect. Lots of space and individual compartments. Was worried it would be too large to fit into a locker but it does easily. Fits into 1/2 sized lockers. The very small 1/4 size -- it is tight but we've shoved it in. Quality. Great for water polo.
swim bag
from central coast
on 4/29/2014
good product, but pricey. It's getting harder to get a good swim bag that's affordable.
Great Swim Bag
Kyle P.
from Columbus, OH
on 11/14/2013
I have had the bag since 2011, it can carry my 2 towels, my other stuff, and compartments for my swim caps, goggles, and wet areas like my suit and body pouf. Thank you so much.
Just perfect
C. Lustria
from Portland, Oregon
on 2/19/2013
This bag is just right for my 9 year old daughter. It is roomy and the ease of opening zippers in both directions is really convenient. The bottom part has a hard plastic covering which is very useful for competition pools where it can easily get wet. I would recommend this to anybody who wants a quality and roomy bag.
from Wisconsin
on 9/5/2012
I love it!
Love it
CT Swimmer
from CT
on 3/7/2011
I use this bag for going to swim work outs as well as just to the gym. The rubberized bottom is great so the bag stays dry/clean. Very roomy inside to fit all my workout/swim gear as well as a towel and a change of clothes. My only gripe is that I wish the mesh bag where the separate zip compartement is was a little bigger. It fits my swim cap, flip flops and bathing suit, but it's a bit tight with trying to get a towel in there.
from Chicago, IL
on 11/23/2014
Holds everything I need to swim and all the aftercare. It has three main compartments. Fits well even over a winter coat. LOVE IT!!!
Excellent bag
from Cedar Rapids, IA
on 7/18/2014
I actually use this as a gym bag but I imagine it's just as great for the pool deck. The shoe compartment fits my size 12s nicely (which can be rare for a bag this size). Build quality seems great and really durable and the price is very reasonable. Great bag.
Great backpack!
from Los Angeles
on 5/18/2012
I used it to travel to Costa Rica. It was a perfect size to travel around in.
My Nike Swim hold eveything I need to take to the gym/pool. Easy to carry.
from New York
on 5/9/2012
I use if for the gymIt's light, and the straps are comfortableWould like another small compartment or pocket with a zipper in the larger section
Great Backpack
from Vero Beach, FL
on 1/10/2012
Love the waterproof bottom - stays dry on the pool deck. Very roomy. Can fit all the swim gear.
Nike Swim Backpack
from Indian Head Park, IL
on 11/10/2011
Not a bad pack, but smaller in size than the Speedo that it replaced. Like it, just wish it was a bit bigger. Hard to get 3 towels and associated snacks in for swim meet.
Great product!
ancuta c.
from river grove, IL
on 7/8/2011
Fits everything perfectly and it does not look that big.
great bag
from Montgomery, AL
on 1/5/2011
roomy and durable - great pockets. Great quality.


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Veterinary Medicine International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 154045, 8 pages
Review Article
Selenium-Dependent Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Immunity in Periparturient Dairy Cattle
College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Received 11 September 2012; Accepted 24 December 2012
Academic Editor: Marta López-Alonso
Copyright © 2013 Lorraine M. Sordillo. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citations to this Article [10 citations]
The following is the list of published articles that have cited the current article.
- Youcef Mehdi, Jean-Luc Hornick, Louis Istasse, and Isabelle Dufrasne, "Selenium in the Environment, Metabolism and Involvement in Body Functions," Molecules, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 3292–3311, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Mohd Iqbal Yatoo, Archana Saxena, Padinjare Melepad Deepa, Biju Peer Habeab, Sarita Devi, Ranbir Singh Jatav, and Umesh Dimri, "Role of trace elements in animals: a review," Veterinary World, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 963–967, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- P.S. Daundkar, and S. Rampal, "Evaluation of Ameliorative Potential of Selenium on Carbendazim induced Oxidative Stress in Male Goats," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- M. L. S. Bicalho, F. S. Lima, E. K. Ganda, C. Foditsch, E. B. S. Meira, V. S. Machado, A. G. V. Teixeira, G. Oikonomou, R. O. Gilbert, and R. C. Bicalho, "Effect of trace mineral supplementation on selected minerals, energy metabolites, oxidative stress, and immune parameters and its association with uterine diseases in dairy cattle," Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 97, no. 7, pp. 4281–4295, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Lu Jin, Sumei Yan, Binlin Shi, Hongyun Bao, Jian Gong, Xiaoyu Guo, and Junliang Li, "Effects of vitamin A on the milk performance, antioxidant functions and immune functions of dairy cows," Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. Abuelo, J. Hernández, J. L. Benedito, and C. Castillo, "The importance of the oxidative status of dairy cattle in the periparturient period: revisiting antioxidant supplementation," Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Youcef Mehdi, Jean-François Cabaraux, Jean-Luc Hornick, Louis Istasse, and Isabelle Dufrasne, "Selenium status in cattle herds in Wallonia (Belgium): overview and health management," Veterinary World, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1144–1149, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- T. Bayril, A. S. Yildiz, F. Akdemir, C. Yalcin, M. Köse, and O. Yilmaz, "The Technical and Financial Effects of Parenteral Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E during Late Pregnancy and the Early Lactation Period on the Productivity of Dairy Cattle," Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1133–1139, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- Saranika Talukder, Gianfranco Gabai, and Pietro Celi, "The use of digital infrared thermography and measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers as tools to diagnose foot lesions in sheep," Small Ruminant Research, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- D. Haser, and M. Fürll, "Behavior of antioxidant parameters in young cattle during the course of the year," Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere, vol. 43, no. 2, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar


text:
What is my Ratio?
in General Site
There is no Ratio system on KickAssTorrents. We do not record Download and Upload stats. It is useless at KickAssTorrents as we are public site.
18 comments 1117 views added 16 Jul 2012, 17:59
Share this question
To share this question use the code below and insert it into comments, status messages, forum posts or your signature.FAQ: What is my Ratio?
Top Comments
SimianLine291 • 06 May 2015, 20:28
Why you write about Ratio?
All Comments
NILG816 • 28 June 2015, 22:33 Show comment
What means "0" ratio in utorrent?
Anomolous16.67K • 29 June 2015, 06:09 Show comment
"0" ratio means you haven't uploaded anything back into the swarm. Look in the "Uploaded" column of uTorrent and see if whenever you wee "0" ratio, you don't also see "0" for uploaded. If you find an exception, please take a screenshot and send it to me.
NILG816 • 29 June 2015, 09:53 Show comment
I just wanted to know what ratio should be for "No seeding Limit/ unlimited seeding".
Anyway, I googled it... And find out it should be "0".
Bhuosdinj2628 • 18 June 2015, 15:46 Show comment
I thought you were discussing about ratio in utorrent (or in any torrent client).
Anomolous16.67K • 18 June 2015, 19:52 Show comment
It's true that ratio is a real thing, and that could be explained -- I believe the idea was that since KAT doesn't pay any attention to ratios, it's not something the users of KAT need to concern themselves with.
jonathgb253 • 03 June 2015, 03:43 Show comment
Thanks for this :D Not having ratio system is great!
Last edited by Anomolous, 1 month ago
Grizzly131084 • 27 May 2015, 14:55 Show comment
Why make an achievement where you have to ask a question in FAQ?
Anomolous16.67K • 27 May 2015, 19:22 Show comment
I suppose it's intended to encourage people to help make the FAQ more useful. Unfortunately, it also encourages "cheevo hunters" to ask a bunch of inappropriate questions.
StitchinWitch3619 • 23 May 2015, 20:39 Show comment
If you are using uTorrent, click on help>show statistics. It will give you your ratio in decimal form ie 1.685 which is over a 1:1 ratio. If the number is below 1, you need to seed more.
Last edited by StitchinWitch, 1 month ago


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Milwaukee's image problem in China
Published April 15, 2015
After a week in Beijing, Bobby Tanzilo ruminates on Milwaukee's image problem in China.
Published April 15, 2015
After a week in Beijing, Bobby Tanzilo ruminates on Milwaukee's image problem in China.
Published Feb. 5, 2015
Ten years ago, as someone recently reminded me, I wrote a piece for The Business Journal titled, "Milwaukee business must 'push the envelope'." It was our way, via YPM (Young Professionals of Milwaukee, now Fuel Milwaukee) and OnMilwaukee.com, to help champion change, innovation, creativity and causes. It's still relevant today.
Published Feb. 4, 2015
The City of Milwaukee Department of Public Works has resumed garbage and recycling collections on Wednesday, Feb. 4, following a 48-hour snow emergency.
Published Feb. 3, 2015
Lately, I've been following the social media posts of a recent transplant to Milwaukee and I'm reminded a little of my own experience.
Published Dec. 1, 2014
When Italian ambassador to the United States Claudio Bisogniero steps out into the frigid Milwaukee sunlight today, he'll have a busy day ahead of him. Bisogniero will visit MPS, MAM and the ICC today as part of a tour of Midwestern states.
There are no reader blogs tagged with milwaukee


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text: Shower Door Installation Upgrade your San Jose home If you want to upgrade your bathroom but don't have the budget for a complete remodel, turn to the shower door installation professionals at J&M Windows and Glass. Our team of experts is committed to giving you the most flexibility and convenience while designing and installing your custom shower enclosure. Many satisfied customers throughout San Jose can attest to the quality of our shower door installation services. Specific Shower Door Features The specific features of your custom shower enclosure will guide our experts during shower door installation. You have dozens of options and hundreds of combinations to choose from to customize your new shower door. Specific shower door features include: Door Style – The look and functionality of your new shower door is first determined by picking the type of door you want. Sliding glass doors are ideal for smaller bathrooms and tub/shower combos, while pivot doors offer a luxurious shower entryway. Framed vs. Frameless – Our shower door installation pros can help you achieve a specific look and feel in your bathroom by installing either framed or frameless shower doors. Frameless shower doors have a "floating" quality that can open up your bathroom and help show off the beautiful tile and fixtures in your shower. Glass Finishes – The type of glass you choose for your shower door will also influence installation. While all glass products will be handled with the utmost care, certain glass finishes are more fragile and sensitive and require extra special care and handling during installation. Our team of installation experts are committed to affordable and superior installation and will take into account all your specific shower door features, including: Slider Versus Pivot Framed Versus Frameless Glass Finishes Accessories and Options Shower Door Installation Prep Tips The final design has been submitted and you've scheduled an installation date with J&M Windows and Glass—now what? Here are some things you should do to ensure a smooth installation. Coordinate any required municipal permits and inspections Remove trashcans, light furniture, décor, and anything else that may get in the way during shower door installation Clear a path from the front door to the bathroom to provide a safe walkway for the installers On the day of installation, keep pets outside or in another room while installers are going back and forth between the bathroom and the truck For a bathroom makeover you can actually afford, contact J&M Windows and Glass. Our shower enclosure design and installation services can give you the beautiful, luxurious shower you've always wanted. Call us at (408) 385-9507 to coordinate with our team of shower door installation professionals in San Jose.


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Selling young proven by me, whiteface emerald male with normal hen and emerald split to pearl male with normal hen. They are unrelated so you can pair both split babies from each pair and get emeralds. I also have split to emerald babies from each bloodline. Price is firm. Must buy both pair will not seperate. Babies are 150. 00 ea
Jun 22 -
Chattanooga :
I have many different varieties of baby birds handfeeding now. Please refer to the list below for prices and species availability:
Cockatiels $65-$95 (depending on color)
Green Cheek Conures $200-$350 (depending on color)
Peachfront Conures $275
Crimson Belly Conure $400
Nanday Conure $325
Sun Conures $295
Baraband Parakeet $450
Blue Headed Pionus $850
Suncheek Conure (Rare Green Cheek ...
Jun 8 -
Dayton :
3 cockatiels for sale 12-14 weeks old. Have been hand fed and hand tame. Very sweet. 80.00 each or all for 200.00
May 29 -
Greenville :
Cockatiels FOR SALE, male and female. Pure Bred. All ages.
May 25 -
Dayton :
Lutino pearl split to pied and white face( has leg band), $130 Must bring carrier, No holding w/out non refundable deposit, No shipping, NO delivery and no meeting part way - Will not transfer the bird outdoors what so ever! Located South side of Muncie, In .
May 20 -
Indianapolis :
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


text:
Why Apple TV/HomeKit doesn't stand a chance against Amazon Echo
When it comes to a new Apple TV, no news is definitely not good news. Apple's radio silence on the Apple TV front, especially as a home hub, leaves the door open for Amazon's Echo.
When it comes to a new Apple TV, no news is definitely not good news. Apple's radio silence on the Apple TV front, especially as a home hub, leaves the door open for Amazon's Echo.
The iPod maker is framing Apple Music as much more than just a digital music subscription option but an artist and music aficionado-driven hub teeming with music news, interviews, guest hosts and more.
Sources say refreshed Apple TV hardware isn't quite ready for prime time. Not to worry: Content channels can easily be added and old Apple TVs can be HomeKit hubs.
It's official: the Apple TV can be the bridge to your connected home for remote access and information. Best of all, you won't need to buy new hardware.
Microsoft appears to be building an app for fast, light-weight, real-time conversations called Flow, which is likely to debut on iPhone, according to leaked information.
To paraphrase the Supremes, R&D can't be hurried and it's a game of give and take. Apple tells Icahn to cool his jets over an Apple TV, which reportedly was scrapped.
It's about time for Apple's TV "hobby" to become a big deal: A new software platform for third-party apps would help. And the Apple Watch is expected to improve too next month.
There has been talk about Apple and TV for years, but in this analysis, David Gewirtz shows why the time is right for Apple to enter the TV business in a big way and why it could be a big win for consumers and a huge win for Apple.
Bushel is a cloud-based Mobile Device Management (MDM) for the Mac, iPhone, iPad and iPod devices. You can put your Apple devices under Bushel's MDM and still let them shine.
While Apple doesn't seem to have any problems shifting iPhones pretty much as fast as it can make them, sales data suggests that the peak for iPad sales may have come and gone, and now it's on a steady decline similar to that experienced by the iPod.
Slice Intelligence updated its earlier Apple Watch estimates based on the email receipts it tracks. Only one in five watches have been delivered, according to Slice's data.
The Good app for Apple Watch will provide management and control of Good Work email and calendar notifications, in addition to supporting iOS 8.2 MDM controls.
Although Apple's yearly conference is aimed at developers, there have been hardware announcements on stage at past events. The time is about right for a new Apple TV.
Cordcutting took another major step forward this week with HBO coming to Apple TV and Sling TV. That is, if it can deal with the traffic load from the Game of Thrones premiere.
The next Apple TV reportedly won't support the higher resolution 4k format but it won't matter: Cord-cutting and apps is where it's at.
Cyanogen Inc nails down its own email app for its commercial OS through a new partnership with Boxer. The new app will arrive in the forthcoming Cyanogen OS 12.
The lower price makes Apple TV slightly more competitive with the likes of Amazon Fire TV, Google Chromecast and Roku, among others.
Apple may be running out of ideas. It reinvented the smartphone, the tablet, and most recently the wearable. What next, a car? A smart TV would make more sense first.
Apple has released iOS 8.1.3 for the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch, which brings with it relief for those who feel that updates have become too cumbersome to install.
The top news in iOS this holiday week had reports of a dual-SIM for iPhone 6, iPad use before bed is bad, and Apple TV may Handoff to your iPad.
Windows 10
How much does an iPhone 6 really cost? (Hint: It's way more than $199)
How to survive an iPhone liquid submersion (hint: it's not rice)
Microsoft's new mission statement: No more computer on every desk


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Rich Quick
Ben Frank Recordings
Artist: DJ J Hart
Featuring: Rich Quick | The Audible Doctor | Nutso
Song: Mean Street$
It can be hard out here in these Mean Street$, whether you're referring to here in the U.S. or to Paris, France, the hometown of DJ J Hart. The deejay/producer makes his first Booth feature today with the world premiere... More
Posted 4 weeks ago
Song: On My Shoulderz
Rich Quick may have the weight of the world On his Shoulderz, but the rhymes still come as effortlessly as if nothing was weighing him down. We already know he's No1, and on the second single off of his upcoming EP the... More
Posted 2 months ago
Song: No1
Rich Quick's stage name marks him as a rapper with an eye to the future; he may not be rolling in dough just yet, but it's only a matter of time. He's taken a similarly inspirational tack in naming his latest single,... More
Posted 4 months ago
Artist: Rediculus
Featuring: Rich Quick
Song: Buy Me a Beer
Album: In Response: Dee-Fi
Fresh off receiving rave reader reviews for Point 'Em Out, Rediculus returns to our front page with the second of three world premieres off his next independent full-length. On this fresh single, the buzzmaking... More
Posted 6 months ago
The United States of Underground: Pennsylvania
[Editor's Note: This is part of an ongoing series that will tour every state in the U.S. looking for underground hip-hop talent. For previous states, hit the links at the bottom of the post.] Once you dive into... More
Posted 7 months ago
Artist: goldenSpiral
Featuring: Rich Quick
Song: Gold Tiara
Just shy of three months after bringing us his first feature, the massively acclaimed Symphony of Wind & Leaves, Philly beatsmith goldenSpiral returns with another fresh single in tow—and this one just so happens to be... More
Posted 9 months ago
Meet Rich Quick
There is one indie artist, who, without fail, appears on the charts right next to some of the biggest names around. He is the only indie artist to appear on the 25 most popular songs of 2014 list - he came in at number... More
Posted 10 months ago
Song: Sweet Summer
August is just two days away, but there's still time to make this season the Sweet Summer you've always dreamed of. To help get you into the spirit, we present the world premiere of a brand new single from Rich... More
Posted 11 months ago
Featuring: Archie Bang
Song: #Breakfast
Didn't have time to grab a bite to eat this morning? Not to worry; East Coast rhymesayers Rich Quick and Archie Bang have prepared a little #Breakfast for all their fans in The DJBooth. An exclusive world premiere, this... More
Posted one year ago
Song: Love Life
How's your day going, readers? Everything cool, or are worries weighing you down? Either way—but especially in the latter case—I recommend a listen to the latest single from Jersey buzzmaker Rich Quick. Making its... More
Posted one year ago
Sample Text - Sample Link


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- Filed Under
? More than 1,300 attended the Diocesan Youth Rally in Bonita Springs on Nov. 2 at St. Leo Parish Center, 28290 Beaumont Road.
The annual Diocese of Venice Youth Rally has grown from humble beginnings to become the largest gathering of Catholic youth in Southwest Florida. The event draws youth from more than 40 parishes in a 10-county area stretching from Collier County in the south to Manatee County in the north.
The theme was "Made in the Image and Likeness of God," which is extremely relevant to today's teens young people are inspired in an energetic. ...


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Local favorites are always a tempting pick, but don't put too much stock in the "home pillow advantage".
This Classic could well be won by an Alabama competitor, so choose natives on your Fantasy roster.
Full of energy and smiles, you would have never known that 13-year-old Chase Huelsey is sick, except for his missing hair. As he bounced from one professional bass fishing angler to another, collecting autographs on his T-shirt, he explained that he likes to go fishing at Bear Creek.
Kevin VanDam says he is better prepared for the Feb. 21-23 GEICO Bassmaster Classic presented by Diet Mountain Dew and GoPro than he's been for any of his other 23 Classic competitions.
For Josh Bertrand, Ott DeFoe and Tommy Biffle, the Classic is the ultimate test of their abilities.
The Outdoor Recreation Company of America (ORCA) announced its official sponsorship of Bassmaster Elite Series angler and All-Star Champion Ott DeFoe.
Bassmaster Elite Series pro Ott DeFoe hosts an online seminar to teach anglers how to use electronics to catch more fish.
Tapping into a technique he uses on his home water was one of several keys to winning for Central Open #1 champ Andy Young.
Andrew Young ekes out an unplanned but welcome victory at Amistad.
Bookend 18-pound limits for two days has put Randy Allen in the driver's seat at the Bass Pro Shops Bassmaster Central Open on Lake Amistad.