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I am really struggling with the new DMS framework but completely loved the old pagelines framework. I have 2 clients sites due at the end of next week and have been trying to do use the DMS on the test sites but it just isn't working for me...especially without the hooker plugin up to date and compatible with the DMS system.
My question is how long can we still install and use the old framework? Will you guys provide updates to the old framework until the DMS system and all of its plugins are up-to-date and working properly.
I know this will really help us designers that have supported and paid pagelines for years now and I think it would be a great move on Pagelines part to restore good faith to its loyal users and paying clients.


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: Recalled/Assigned:
1/5 Wingells recalled; White to IR
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Les Wynan*
Join Date: Nov 2011
Posts: 1,745
vCash: 500
Originally Posted by
Gilligans Island
Do you think Mitchell's stats are inflated playing on the 1st line occasionally?
In any case, Handzus may be an issue, too but the reality is with his 2-year deal and an NMC, we're stuck with him so Mitchell is the player to be replaced. Then we'll see what happens.
I do agree if we could get Nielsen and Stempniak, that'd be solid. NO idea why DW didn't make a play for Stempniak this offseason. Just like Higgins the offseason before, he would have been cheap and a solid addition to the 3rd line.
Good question on Mitchell. I think that's definitely been the case as when he's been split from Handzus he's played with Thornton/Pavelski mostly but in those instances Handzus usually saw time with either Havlat or Marleau. In any case, Handzus just hasn't been doing the heavy lifting defensively (i.e. going up against top lines or even second lines on a regular basis) this season regardless of who he's played with and yet has still been completely dominated.
Stempniak would definitely be a smart, under-the-radar, buy low move similar to the Canucks picking up Higgins last season or the Hawks getting Frolik for scraps. I doubt the Flames would want much for him and seriously doubt he's in their future plans at all.
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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
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29 year old woman | Tulsa, OK, USA | Seeking men 27-35 within 50 miles
Why not?
I am very unsure about using an online dating website, but have been encouraged by my friends to give it a try. So why not! I am passionate about my job. Some of my co-workers are my closest friends. I hope to go back to obtain my Master's degree at OSU Tulsa within the next year. I am not a big party girl but do enjoy going out on occasion or just hanging out at a casual bar with friends. I am perfectly content snuggling up and watching a movie at home.
Alumni connections , Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing cards , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Other types of exercise, Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Cats
I love animals. Cats and dogs have such an unconditional love for their owners.
I spend most of my time in the midtown and downtown area. I love to travel, only wish I had more money and time to do more of it. My favorite place I have traveled is India and I can't wait until I can go back.!
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
A margarita and chips and salsa
I enjoy family get - togethers, catching up with friends over coffee or a cocktail, and spending time outdoors. I also love to curl up with my cats and a good book.
I love the Harry Potter series and the Hunger Games series. I love all of the books by Gregory Maguire. One of my very favorite books is Blue Like Jazz.
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'1" (154cms)
|5'5" (165cms) to 6'3" (190cms)
|Body type:
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|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
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|Social Drinker
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I am a program coordinator for a youth development agency.
|$25,001 to $35,000
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|White / Caucasian
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|Bachelors degree
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I have my BS in Design, Housing, and Merchandising from OSU. I worked in retail management for several years.


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Cloth Diapers To Go
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Cloth diapers – birth to potty training & more! I use what I sell! Set up a diaper party to earn free product! See website for details. Diapering is not what it used to be! Welcome!
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text: Excellent accommodation in a very nice setting. Montalcino is very near by and a really nice Tuscan town to visit. All the family at La Crociona are wonderful and very welcoming. We also signed up for the cookery class which was great as well. The evening ended with delicious food and some very nice wine of their own production.


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Glacier by Sanlam has launched Glacier P2 Strategies, an investment option overlaid on funds that balances growth with safety.
This follows the successful launch by Glacier International, in 2010, of the P2Strategies on its international platform. The strategies are now available to investors on the local platform as well.
The strategies allow investors to invest more money in growth assets such as equities, while helping to reduce the risk of sudden and large losses in their portfolio due to market downturns.
This is achieved through dynamic rebalancing of the client's portfolio between growth assets and money market instruments according to how the markets are performing. So when equity markets are declining, for example, a greater proportion of the client's portfolio will be allocated to money market instruments, but as equity markets rise so the allocation to growth assets will increase. Clients can also personalise their investment according to their own risk profile by selecting the level of preservation they require. Glacier P2 Strategies therefore give clients more control over their investments and retirement planning.
"In the 21st century we're seeing people not only living longer, but also retiring earlier," says Verusha Ramlakhan, product manager at Glacier by Sanlam. "This means that preserving and growing your capital is more important than ever, and this means having a certain portion of your investment in growth assets.
"A large reduction in your investment value, caused by market downturns, could set your investment strategy back many years, and this is where the value of Glacier P2 Strategies comes in – helping you achieve long-term investment growth with reduced volatility," adds Ramlakhan.
Recent research conducted by the Unilever Institute of Marketing at UCT, which looked at the top end of the local consumer market, found that most respondents' goals included a comfortable retirement, even at the very top end of the market.
Ramlakhan says that typically clients want the same income when they retire as they had before retirement. "However, looking at the retirement annuity (RA) and investment linked living annuity (ILLA) investments on our platform, we can see that clients are cautious when it comes to investing in growth assets," she says.
"45% of RA investors in the 35 – 45 age group have less than 50% in growth assets. When looking at investors in the investment linked living annuity (a post-retirement product), the percentage allocated to growth assets is lower still.
"Given that we have the largest ILLA book in our industry, we understand the importance of looking after one's long-term savings and the negative effects that volatile markets can have on these savings," says Ramlakhan. "We also strongly advocate that clients consult a financial intermediary, as planning needs are often complex. In addition, using the services of a financial intermediary brings discipline to the planning process.
"Glacier P2 Strategies provide clients with the peace of mind to stay invested in the markets despite the volatility, as the strategies aim to limit large drops in the value of the portfolio. They also assist to smooth the path between pre- and post-retirement saving by providing comfort over the level of return on the investment," concludes Ramlakhan.
The investment is managed on a daily basis by Glacier under advice from experts at Milliman, one of the world's largest risk management firms, and with marketing and systems support from Bermuda-based P2international, Ltd.
Muvhango Antoinette Lukhaimane
Pension Funds Adjudicator (PFA)
Pretoria: Finance Minister, Nhlanhla Nene, has extended ...Read More »
By Rita Lally, Director
SmartMoves Human Capital (Pty) Limited
When we refer to recruitment, we seek to attract talent from a pool of people from which candidates for jobs can be chosen. A top priority ...Read More »
By Ryno Oosthuizen, Business Development Manager at Glacier by Sanlam
When investing in a unit trust or share portfolio there are generally two types of returns an investor can expect to earn, i. income and ...Read More »
By Rafiq Taylor from Sanlam's multi-manager business
What happened on Monday?
Greece's debt continues to be its Achilles heel, as it attempts to escape an economic slump. This has been exacerbated ...Read More »


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The Cambodian Festival invited visitors to experience Cambodian culture and Khmer traditions through dance, music, ritual and food. This one-day festival celebrated the Cambodian community in Victoria with children's activities, cooking demonstrations, traditional games and fun for the whole family!
Cambodian Festival Program 2008 (pdf 70kb)
Download the 2008 Cambodian Festival Video video
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Infinity Space
Design by matheus lopes
Say somethin' nice
No account?
ceeekay on Jan 10, 2012 at 03:28:40
I have so many Threadless shirts, and this is by FAR the most awesome of them.
NCL on Sep 30, 2011 at 16:05:23
please reprint men's medium! like now!
TheEmberDean on Aug 23, 2011 at 20:15:26
This shirt is necessary in my life. I can't wait until it's reprinted in Girly.
Olympique on Aug 23, 2011 at 13:12:04
I think this would be great as a print
llama1 on Aug 19, 2011 at 19:40:51
Reprint please, large and medium needed.
ChiaroLight on Aug 10, 2011 at 12:56:27
I work in space industry and... YEAAAAAAH superb t-shirt!!!!!!!!
nhyrvana on Jul 26, 2011 at 21:24:36
Just got mine and YES! BEST SHIRT EVER! The fit is a little loose (I usually wear a XXL, and the XL fits exactly to my form.) The fabric is wonderful. The print is lovely. Really really happy with this! Thanks Threadless! =)
Mocha111 on Jul 23, 2011 at 11:46:50
The print on mine is pure grey tone... the white highlights aren't on it.. :/
synchronization on Jun 24, 2011 at 15:55:26
Aww I love astronaut shirts!
girloncanvas on Jun 18, 2011 at 23:04:25
Brings back star lab memories
celetialnite on Jun 18, 2011 at 19:38:01
love this
perrypreston on Jun 7, 2011 at 19:55:55
huebucket on Jun 7, 2011 at 11:04:58
awesome tee!
kayability on Jun 7, 2011 at 01:41:13
I love space, astronauts, everything about this tee rocks. I will definitely purchase one next payday (:
mathiole on Jun 6, 2011 at 23:31:02
thanks everyone! i'm so exited about this tee! =D


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text:
Jon Bernthal
'Magic Mike XXL': The European Premiere
2015 BET Awards: Red Carpet Arrivals
Star Sightings
Serinda Swan Talks 'Graceland'
Channing Tatum Voguing!
Reelz To Air Miss USA
'Dawn Of Justice' To SDCC
Stars Shine At Veuve Clicquot Polo Classic; Rob Thomas Talks Single 'Trust You'
'Magic Mike XXL' Stars Talk Rehearsals, Injuries And More
MyHabit Style Finds
Trevor Noah's 'Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee' Appearance' (First Look)
Kim Slams Embryo Rumors
Nicole Trunfio's Quest To Normalize Breastfeeding
Nicole Trunfio Defends Breastfeeding ELLE Cover
Nick Jonas On Music Success
Mira Sorvino's Fight To End Human Trafficking
Bryan Safi On Being Part Of 'Surreal' Project 'A Deadly Adoption'
April 9, 2010 04:36 PM EDT
Despite his battle with cancer and a messy divorce, Dennis Hopper is "extraordinarily strong," according to longtime friend Lauren Hutton.
Access spoke with Lauren about Dennis and his health on Thursday night at the "The Joneses" premiere in LA.
"I saw Dennis a month ago, he had great…it was Dennis – right in the eyes!" Lauren said explaining that the 73-old-actor, who is battling prostate cancer, is still full of life.
"He has incredible will," Lauren explained. "He has a couple of more [chemotherapy sessions] to go through…He's pretty extraordinarily strong."
As previously reported on Access Hollywood, on Monday, a judge ruled that Dennis' estranged wife Victoria and daughter Galen are allowed to live on his property during their divorce. He was also ordered to pay $12,000 a month in spousal and child support.
Dennis and Victoria filed for divorce in January after 14 years of marriage.
Copyright 2015 by NBC Universal, Inc. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Welcome to our free ringtones website, where it's possible to find the most popular ringtones for your phone. Today we have a ringtone of "Amor Clandestino" by Mana as well as 1267 other ringtones by Mana. "Amor Clandestino" is a gorgeous track from the "Exiliados en la Bahía: Lo Mejor de Maná" album that was created by Mana at their studios together with other 29 tracks. You can listen to all 9 Mana – "Amor Clandestino" ringtone variations available here and download it for free to your PC. You can also listen to other 10 albums produced by Mana for all time. "Amor Clandestino" is referred to Latin, and Audiko offer a huge amount of Latin melodies absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!
Mana Amor Clandestino Ringtone
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- ΛΟΥΚΑΣ ΓΙΩΡΚΑΣ - Στην ουσία | FLY 89.7 νέο single | Loukas Giorkas - Stin ous


text: Whitney-Houston By February 8, 2013 12:53 PM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of WOBMAM Lacey Police Officer Strikes and Kills Pedestrian from Toms River Women's World Cup – 'New Jersey 4, Japan 2′ Violent Crime on the Decline in Asbury Park Word of the Day – Occult Recommended For You Best of the Web


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Brick By Brick: Camping Lego Style
02Booze and Bikes: 14 Tours That Let Combine Two of the Best Things in the World
03Who Needs Hollywood? These Incredible Videos Were All Filmed on the Simplest Cameras
04Sam Pilgrim vs. The World: The Champion Aiming To Reclaim His Crown In A New Era Of Biking
05Eccentric Adventures Episode 2: Britain's Most Brutal Illegal Event is All About Cheese
06A Journey Into Darkness: We Went Mountain Biking in the Abandoned Mines of Slovenia
07After the Apocalypse: Inside The World's Most Breathtaking Ghost Towns
08Debate: Let's Stop Hating On Parents Who Want To Raise Adventurous Kids
09Guns, Roses, And Eating Insects: Adventure Cycling in Vietnam
10From Intense Trails to Intensive Care: Dicing with Death In a Mountain Biking Paradise
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The present invention provides an analysis method that uses error metrics to determine whether an image is suitable for compression. One embodiment of the present invention can make the determination in real-time. In one embodiment, analysis methods based on four error metrics are used to determine whether a compressed image should be used. The first metric is a signal-to-noise (SNR) error metric that prevents compressed images with low SNR from being used to represent original images. Another metric is detecting the geometric correlation of pixels within individual blocks of the compressed images. The third metric is used to determine whether color mapping in the compressed images are well-mapped. A final metric is a size metric that filters images smaller than a certain size and prevents them from being compressed. As most analysis methods are integral parts of the compression process, the present invention incurs little cost collecting error metric data.
1. A method of determining image compression suitability comprising the steps of:
performing a compression process on an image to generate a compressed image of said image whereby said image is divided into blocks;
gathering data from said image;
performing an error metric analysis with said data;
checking each of said blocks in said image; and
deciding whether to accept said compressed image as a suitable representation of said image.
2. The method of
3. The method of
identifying all pixel values in each of said blocks;
performing a first check of said pixel values to ensure that pixel values progress in decreasing monotone fashion from left to right in each row,
performing a second check of said pixel values to ensure that pixel values progress in decreasing monotone fashion from top to bottom in each column; and
declaring a geometric correlation when said first and second checks are satisfied.
4. The method of
rotating the image by 90 degrees;
performing said first and second checks;
rotating the image by 180 degrees;
performing said first and second checks;
rotating the image by 270 degrees;
performing said first and second checks; and
declaring a geometric correlation when said all of said checks are satisfied.
5. The method of
6. The method of
calculating axis mapping error between a source point and a mapped point on the color axis in the three-dimensional color space;
performing said steps of calculating for axis mapping errors for all source points in each of said blocks; and
summing all of said axis mapping errors using a summed square error method to produce a summed square error, and
determining if said summed square error is greater than a preset limit.
7. The method of
8. The method of
dividing an image into blocks;
gathering data from said image;
performing an error metric analysis with said data;
checking each of said blocks in said image; and
deciding whether said image is a suitable candidate for compression.
9. The method of
10. The method of
decomposing said image into three color components;
transforming said blocks of said image into frequency domain for each of said three color components using the DCT method;
calculating values of low frequency blocks of said image; and
summing said values of low frequency blocks.
11. The method of
checking whether said image is using the full range of color bit-depth.
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. A method of determining image compression suitability comprising the steps of:
performing signal to noise ratio error metric analysis on an image;
applying DXTC compression to said image to produce a compressed image if said image passes said signal to ratio error metric;
performing color axis mapping error metric analysis on said image;
performing geometric correlation error metric analysis on said image;
performing size error metric analysis on said image; and
using said compressed image if said image passes said error metric analysis and geometric correlation error metric analysis and size error metric analysis.
[0002] This invention relates in general to methods of analyzing images to determine in real-time whether an image can be compressed without causing visible anomalies. More specifically, but without restriction to the particular embodiments hereinafter described in accordance with the best mode of practice, this invention relates to methods and software for assessing in the suitability of images for compression.
[0003] Portions of the disclosure of this patent document contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. ATI, and all ATI-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of ATI, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
[0005] The display of the computer system is thought of as a "frame" in which an image is presented. An image in the frame is decomposed into discrete elements which are termed pixels (picture elements). Pixels are the tiny dots of color on a computer display screen that collectively make up a computer display image. There are a number of color models that are employed to represent the pixels' individual colors. The purpose of a color model is to allow a convenient specification of colors within some color gamut. Typically, each pixel's display color is represented by three color components: red, green, and blue. This particular color model is often called the Red Green Blue (RGB) Color Model. The RGB model employs a unit cube subset of the 3D Cartesian coordinate system to map out the primary colors, with R, G, and B axes and with black (no light) at its origin. Thus, since the model is a unit cube, the axes each have an intensity range between 0 and 1. The primary characteristics are additive meaning that individual contributions of each primary color are added together to yield the resultant pixel color. Each pixel's own individual color characteristics are represented by a specific binary number. Thus, it follows that computer display images are typically represented as a two-dimensional matrix of digital data values.
[0006] The process of digitizing images ordinarily generates large amounts of image data. Depending upon the number of pixels in a frame, storing and/or transmitting uncompressed image data will usually require a large amount of computer memory. For this reason, whenever possible, it is advantageous to compress the original image data. Compression of image data improves the performance of video accelerators and reduces the amount of used memory. However, depending upon the particular image being compressed and the type of compression method being applied, compression can degrade the image's visual quality by varying amounts.
[0007] There have been various techniques developed in the past to determine whether or not a specific compressed image will be acceptable to use instead of its corresponding original image. However, these past techniques are indiscriminate, which usually causes the unfavorable result of visual artifacts, and/or labor-intensive, which eliminates the ability of real-time use. Most of the existing methods for determining whether a compressed image will appear unflawed to the eye are purely numerical based schemes, and do not take the visual characteristics of the eye into account.
[0008] A common numerical-based technique used to determine this is simply the calculation of the average error of the compressed image in absolute magnitude compared to the original non-compressed image. For all of the individual elements of the picture, the average error is the summation of the differences between those elements of the compressed image and all of the elements of the original non-compressed image. This method only accumulates the average overall error of the compressed image. The problem with this method is that it will at times discard acceptable compressed images. This is because there are many compressed images where the average overall error is extremely high, but the images themselves visually appear to the eye to be identical to the original non-compressed image. The reason for this is that, although the actual error is high, in places on the image where there is a great deal of high frequency noise, the eye filters out these visual effects. Thus, only if the compressed image and original image were placed side-by-side, would the eye possibly be able to detect a slight difference. But, at a casual glance, it will not be possible for the eye to be able to distinguish between the two images.
[0009] Another existing technique to determine when to compress images is the use of human-intervention to detect image textures that do or do not compress well. This technique is very labor-intensive and, hence, is not suitable for real-time use.
[0010] Also, it should be noted that a common method of image compression itself simply consists of applying a single compression method to all images. This method does not perform any analysis of how the images will visually appear after compression has been performed. These types of compression techniques, which do not evaluate the suitability of the compressed image at all, will invariably produce visual artifacts.
[0011] A common compression algorithm currently used is the DirectX Texture Compression (DXTC) method. This method codes new pixels from the original image pixels which are grouped into 4�4 pixel blocks. Each new pixel in the block is encoded into two bits. The new pixel's bits represent colors chosen so that they best reproduce the corresponding original pixel's colors. These colors are chosen by the following process. First, two of the original pixels are chosen as the "endpoint colors", which define a line in the RGB color space. This line is termed the "compression axis". Then, the remaining pixels in the block are encoded into color values that lie along the line that represent the closest value which lies along the line to the original pixel color. Mathematically, this is accomplished by projecting the original pixel color onto the compression axis. Finally, all of the color values which lie on the compression axis are encoded into two bits, representing four ranges on the compression axis. Hence, each pixel within the 4�4 pixel block is encoded into two bits representing one of these four values.
[0012] The DXTC method may not work well for all images. This method does not apply any test to ensure accurate visual representation of the original image. It is only a compression algorithm. If the original colors do not map well, visual artifacts may result.
[0013] The present invention provides an analysis method to produce a series of measurements which determines whether an image is suitable for compression. These measurements are known as error metrics and relate directly to the likelihood of visible artifacts being produced after compression of the image. These error metrics are analyzed to produce a decision on whether or not the image texture is acceptable for compression. In one embodiment, the implementation of the method of the present invention can make the determination in real-time.
[0014] In one embodiment, analysis methods based on four error metrics are used to determine whether a compressed image should be used. The first metric is a signal-to-noise (SNR) error metric that prevents compressed images with low SNR from being used to represent original images. Another metric is detecting the geometric correlation of pixels within individual blocks of the compressed images. The third metric is used to determine whether color mapping in the compressed images are well-mapped. A final metric is a size metric that filters images smaller than a certain size and prevents them from being compressed. These analysis methods are used in combination to determine whether a compressed image should be kept. Most of the analysis methods are actually integral parts of the compression process. Therefore, the present invention incurs very little extra time cost to collect error metric data during compression. Also since compression itself is an operation that takes significant time, data collection is a shorter operation. Furthermore the processing cost is also low since the compression process gives the data needed to perform the error metric analysis.
[0015] Further objects of the present invention together with additional features contributing thereto and advantages accruing therefrom will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention which are shown in the accompanying drawing figures with like reference numerals indicating like components throughout, wherein:
[0016]FIG. 1 is a flow chart that illustrates the steps involved in the analysis method of the present invention;
[0017]FIG. 2 is a flow char that illustrates the analysis method used in detecting the low signal to noise ratio (SNR);
[0018]FIG. 3A is an example image that represents a Gaussian blur function to illustrate the process of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT);
[0019]FIG. 3B is a graph that illustrates the intensity values of the Gaussian blur of FIG. 3A;
[0020]FIG. 3C depicts the original image of FIG. 3A decomposed into four 16�16 pixel blocks in image domam;
[0021]FIG. 3D illustrates the four pixel blocks of FIG. 3C in spatial-frequency domain, after they have been transformed;
[0022]FIG. 4A is a three-dimensional diagram which depicts the DXTC encoding geometry which is used for the axis mapping error metric;
[0023]FIG. 4B presents a flow chart detailing the method of applying the axis mapping error metric analysis;
[0024]FIG. 5A is a three-dimensional diagram that depicts a surface plot of a block's pixel values which exhibits a gradual, monotonic slope that indicates the likelihood of image visual defects;
[0025]FIG. 5B presents a flow chart detailing the method of applying the geometric correlation error metric analysis; and
[0026]FIG. 6 presents a flow chart detailing an example embodiment of the present invention.
[0027] The present invention provides an analysis method to produce a series of measurements that determines whether an image is suitable for compression. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough description of embodiments of the invention. It is apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention.
[0028] Determining whether compressed images are acceptable has long been a problem in the art and various methods have been attempted to analyze acceptability. Embodiments of the present invention are aimed at using a series of measurements to determine whether an image is suitable for compression. These measurements are known as error metrics and relate directly to the likelihood of visible artifacts being produced after compression of the image.
[0029] Approach Overview
[0030] Typically given any input image, several analyses will be performed in accordance to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a flow chart that illustrates the steps involved in the analysis. Since each analysis step is based on an error metric, the first step is to begin a particular analysis based on an error metric (step 10). There are two paths that the method can take in this first iteration. The dotted line only applies when the method has already performed a first analysis (see step 28). In step 12, the input image is compressed. As part of the compression process, the image is divided into blocks. Some error metrics take advantage of the compression process and gather data from the compression process in step 16. In one embodiment of the present invention, the geometric correlation and axis mapping error metrics gather relevant by-product data of the compression process. Since the data is generated as the by-product of the compression process, there is little extra effort needed for gathering. However, some error metrics do not need compression to be first performed. In these cases, the process proceeds to step 14, where the method simply divides the image up into blocks. In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image size metrics do not require compression first.
[0031] In either case, in step 16, the method gathers data, and performs the necessary calculations for the error metric analysis. In step 18, the analysis continues by checking the errors within all blocks against the error metric. The determining step of step 20 ensures that the method continues until all blocks are checked. In step 22, the method counts the number of blocks that failed the error metric. In step 26, the method rejects compression if the certain number of blocks that failed is greater than the error criteria in step 24. An alternate check is to see if the summed values from the blocks fail the error criteria in step 24. If not, the method moves to step 28, where it checks for whether additional analysis is to be performed. If so, the method begins again in steps 10. Otherwise compression is accepted (step 30). If the image has been compressed already, the compressed version is used. Notice that the second time around the method may skip one of steps 12 and 14 because it has been performed already. The method may proceed to step 16 directly, as indicated by the dotted line.
[0032] Overall, the error metrics are analyzed to produce a decision on whether or not the image texture is acceptable for compression. The implementation of the method of the present invention can make the determination in real-time. In one embodiment, the error metrics of the present invention is geared toward checking images that are compressed by the DXTC method. It should be understood that the error metrics can be applied to a number of other compression algorithms also. The description below details the application of each error metric analysis.
[0033] Frequency-Space Analysis (Signal to Noise Ratio)
[0034] This analysis method is designed to detect whether the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the compressed image is too low to sufficiently represent a source image. If the SNR of a source image is fundamentally high, then the lower SNR of a compressed image may not be able to represent the source sufficiently accurately (i.e. poor quality is visually detectable).
[0035] To see how this error metric affects visible image quality, consider this example analogy. A photograph (source image) is converted to a black and white image representation. If one were to look at the image representation in low resolution, it would look terrible. It would not look much like the source image unless the source image also happened to be black and white. This degradation in quality is caused by the introduction of noise. Noise is introduced because the conversion tried to represent a source image that is not representable in a binary state (i.e. bit depth=1).
[0036] The idea of non-representability can be illustrated by starting at the photograph level. The example photograph is an analog image, meaning that each point in the photograph can be one of an infinite number of values. To begin compression, the first step digitizes the image. Thus, individual points on the image can only take a certain set of discrete values. This introduces noise, and at that point in time the noise is called quantization noise. Then, in the process of compression one might take a group of elements (say up to 16 elements of that picture) that are spatially adjacent, all next to each other and try to represent them with only 4 levels of color, for example. This introduces another set of quantization noise.
[0037] The characteristic of the DXTC compression method is that it works on blocks that are 4�4 elements in size. Low frequency noise is introduced because there is discontinuity across these blocks. Each block is encoded with only four values; and the block next to it is encoded with four different values. Thus, there is no correlation between adjacent blocks. In other words, there is an error between the two blocks because the two blocks operate completely independently. Respectively they are sharing certain amount of the information across them.
[0038] Another fundamental characteristic of noise is the loss of bit-depth. The RGB color images that are typically fed into the processor are usually 24 bit images. However, the maximum resolution of the DXTC compressed images is approximately 19 bits. So, there is a loss of 5 bits, which reduces the SNR.
[0039] Given this understanding of noise, the first detection step is of the signal-to-noise error metric analysis primarily concerned with eliminating images that do not fit into the two categories below.
[0040] Category (1)-The source image is 24 bit and makes full use of that 24 bit color space.
[0041] Category (2)-The source image will not be accurately represented across the adjacent blocks because of low SNR.
[0042] Methods for testing for the first category are straight forward and well-known in the art. The reason behind this rejection this is simple—an image that uses the full 24-bit color space will suffer noticeable loss in quality since the DXTC method inherently reduces bit-depth. This image is not a good candidate for compression.
[0043]FIG. 2 illustrates the method used in detecting the low SNR (second category criteria). An image is decomposed into the RGB in step 32. Then for each color component, a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is performed over in 8�8 blocks over the whole image in that color component (Steps 34, 36, 38). Then the values of low frequency (LF) blocks for each color component is computed (Steps 40, 42, 44). The summing the values of all blocks from the color components is performed in step 44 to get the total number of LF blocks for the input image. In step 46, a determination is made as to whether the total value of all LF blocks exceeds the threshold. If it does, the image is rejected in step 48. If not, other analysis methods are performed on the image (if necessary, see step 28 of FIG. 1). The goal here is to make sure the low frequency values do not dominate the image. If this is the case, the compressed image is not used.
[0044] The choice of using frequency-space analysis on low frequency blocks should be noted. Those skill in the art would appreciate that various other methods can be used to determine SNR. However, what is of concerned is that SNR in low frequency blocks cause visually noticeable problems in DXTC. A high SNR in higher frequency components in the image is not particularly relevant because the characteristics of the eye tend to mask them.
[0045] The combination of FIGS. 3A-F depict the process of performing a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on 16�16 pixel blocks of an image of a Gaussian blur function. It should be noted that the Gaussian blur function is used as an example image. Also, JPEG or DXTC compression normally uses 8�8 blocks, but 16�16 blocks were chosen for this example for ease of illustration. FIG. 3A is a source image that represents a Gaussian blur function. The graph of FIG. 3B illustrates the intensity values of the Gaussian blur. The matrix M is used to represent the Gaussian blur. It has elements:
[0046] where c and the standard deviation σ are constants and ri, rj represent the pixel x, y distances from the origin.
[0047]FIG. 3C depicts the original image of FIG. 3A decomposed into four 16�16 pixel blocks (IM11, IM 12, IM21 and IM22), which are in image domain. Each pixel block will undergo DCT transformation separately. FIG. 3D illustrates the four pixel blocks (ZM11, ZM12, ZM21 and ZM22), in spatial-frequency domain, after they have been transformed. The matrix, U, is used to obtain the discrete cosine transform, ZM, of an image, M, where
[0048] The elements of U are given by
[0049] for n=1..N;m=2..N where the image M is an N�N array.
[0050] Note that the various components can now be identified. Note the DC components are the upper left corner element in each block. It can be seen that the values in the LF blocks can now be identified (and counted) for each 16�16 pixel block once DCT is performed. Also, note that with this error metric, the image does not have to be compressed prior to the use of frequency space analysis.
[0051] Color Space Matching (Axis Mapping)
[0052] Another analysis method is based on an error metric named color space matching or axis mapping. In generating a DXTC image, DXTC works by defining a pair of colors and then, a series of points which can only be from a direct interpolance between those two colors. This means that the points lie on a static line across the 3-D color space along the three axes, R, G, and B (see FIG. 4A). The line of the DXTC representation is referred to as the color axis, hence the name of the analysis method. If the points inside the blocks cannot be accurately mapped onto this color axis, then the block is not being accurately represented when compressed. The mapping is performed simply by calculating the distance, in 3-D color space, between (1) the point of closest approach on the axis line (the value after compression) and (2) the actual point in 3-D color space (the value before compression). If the error in mapping to the color axis is large, then the original image is not sufficiently representable by the compressed image. The metric can be trivially calculated as a byproduct of the compression process.
[0053] To illustrate this concept, consider the following example block. If all of the pixels except one in the block map well, then the entire block will be considered to map well. If none of the pixels map particularly well, then they may still be close enough. At some point there is a criteria which is currently being determined largely by experimentation. The criteria can be set in an application-by-application basis. The proper setting of the criteria enables the analysis to determine whether the mapping is acceptable.
[0054]FIG. 4A is a three-dimensional diagram which depicts the DXTC encoding geometry which is used for the Axis Mapping Error Metric. The figure illustrates the DXTC encoding geometry, where an original (source) color point, R, is projected onto a point C on an one-dimensional compression axis, v. All source color points are similarly projected onto the axis. The axis is divided into four separate regions which are each denoted by a unique two-bit code. All points which lie within a region are assigned the corresponding two-bit code of that particular region. The point Ci is calculated as part of the compression operation. The mathematics for calculating the point Ci is shown as follows:
[0055]FIG. 4B is a flow chart outlining the steps of the method of application for this error metric. The first step, step 54, is to calculate all axis mapping errors. In order to evaluate the axis mapping error metric, the distance between Ci and Ri is first calculated. This distance is denoted by qi on the diagram. In order to calculate qi, the variables u1 and w1 will be defined as follows:
u i =C i−P
w i =R i −P
[0056] Therefore, u, will be solved as being:
[0057] Thus, it will follow that q1 will equal:
[0058] In other words,
q 1 w 1 −u i.
[0059] Note that the dot product of vi and qi equals 0 because the vectors vi and qi are perpendicular to each other. Since these vectors are perpendicular, this ensures that Ci is the closest mapping point of the source (original) point Ri along the compression axis.
[0060] The error metric calculation proceeds by summing the squares of the axis mapping errors (step 56), qi's, over all original points, Ri's, in the block. The calculation of qi 2 is shown as follows:
[0061] The sum of the squares of the axis mapping errors equals:
[0062] Summed square error=Σq1 2
[0063] The use of the summation of squares was chosen for speed reasons to avoid an expensive square root operation and because it is appropriate for calculating a resultant Root Mean Square (RMS) error over the entire block. However, it should be noted that a square root operation may be used in the error metric algorithm instead of the summation of the squares method. The error metric algorithm then determines if the resulting summed square error is greater than some preset limit, x (step 58 of FIG. 5B). If the algorithm determines that the error is greater than x, the algorithm will mark that the corresponding block has a high axis mapping error. The calculation is performed as follows:
If σq 1 2>x, then mark the block as having a high axis mapping error.
[0064] In one embodiment x is setting that can be adjusted in an application-by-application basis. This error metric is only considered after the entire image has been through the compression process. The total number of high axis error blocks is checked as a percentage of the total blocks in the image that are not Direct Current (DC) blocks, which consist of a single color. If this percentage is found to be greater than a specified preset limit, then the image is considered to have a high axis mapping error and subsequently the compressed image is rejected.
[0065] An important point to note about this error metric is that the required data for calculation is mostly generated as a by-product of the compression. Little additional effort is needed to collect data to calculation this error metric.
[0066] Geometric Correlation
[0067] Another analysis method is based on an error metric named geometric correlation. This analysis method is directed at detecting blocks that suffer from a problem with smooth gradients that are local to a single block. This problem is a very psychovisual case and often appears when DXTC is used. Instances of this problem arise when images with smooth fade that occur over short distances are compressed. The reason behind this problem is this—what tends to happen is that the quantization, particularly between adjacent blocks, tends not be very well correlated. As such, what happens is that the image goes lumpy. What was previous the nice, smooth gradient curves go patchy or lumpy because of the adjacent blocks.
[0068] The best way to detect this problem is to look at one of the intermediate values of the compression phase. One of the intermediate values derived from the compression phase is the mapping of the distance of points from the origin along the color axis. If those tend to form a geometric correlation across the block (i.e. if they tend to rise in increasing order from one corner across to the other corner), then generally that block is representing some kind of smooth field. And, if the detection finds that there is a large number of these blocks in the image, it usually means that the image has gone lumpy.
[0069] Consider an example image broken up into 12 blocks. Then consider an imaginary circle of a gradient that fades through this image. The circle would intersect each block at different points. Since each point will pick different quantization, the end result is that there is a clear join where each block meets its neighbor, because of the different values. If there is just a diagonal line going through the blocks, then there would be a different number of pixels of each color in each block. So, each block would tend to pick a different quantization.
[0070]FIG. 5A is a three-dimensional diagram that depicts a surface plot of a 4�4 block's pixel values that exhibits a gradual, monotonic slope that indicates the likelihood of image visual defects. The bottom two axes X and Y map out the pixels within the pixel block S. FIG. 5A illustrates an example of pixels within a block that are highly correlated. The values of the 4�4 block are shown in the matrix S. In the diagram, since the pixels are highly correlated, the surface plot of their values, S, appears as a gradual, monotonic slope.
[0071] The "Geometric Correlation along the Axis Error Metric" algorithm operates by identifying whether each of the DXTC 4�4 pixel blocks has a strong geometric correlation. Blocks in which there is a strong correlation of the mapped axis positions are frequently poorly represented by a DXTC compressed image. This is usually because adjacent blocks are individually compressed under the DXTC compression method and do not affect each other at all under current compression methods. This independent compressing of the blocks leads to different "endpoint colors" which may result in a semi-random visual perturbation of the resultant image, depending upon whether the blocks are correlated. If the source image contains a strong geometric pattern, this semi-random perturbation will disrupt the pattern. Since the eye is largely a pattern-recognition machine, the disruption of the pattern is clearly visible.
[0072] This error metric detects blocks that contain geometric patterns. To detect blocks that contain these patterns, the axis distances for each original pixel color are checked for geometric correlation across the block FIG. 5B describes the process and an example is given to illustrate the steps process. First, in step 60, the method identifies all pixel values within the block. This square represents the possible locations within the 4�4 block
[0073] Then in steps 62 and 64, two checks are performed to ensure that the pixel values decrease in monotone fashion within each row (step 62) and within each column (step 64). In other words, the block is geometrically correlated if all the below tests are true:
[0074] Additionally, the block is geometrically correlated if the same tests are true after the block has been rotated through 90, 180, or 270 degrees (step 68). Again, the number of geometrically correlated blocks is summed throughout the whole image, and the final result is considered as a percentage of the non-DC blocks. The high percentage would mean that the image should not be compressed as the compressed version would suffer visible degradation in quality.
[0075] Size
[0076] A final error metric that is used is the size of the image. In essence, a decision is made so that any image smaller than a certain size is not compressed. Small images are not worth compressing partly because they do not greatly affect the performance of the hardware, mostly because the smaller the image that is supplied by the application, the more critical individual detail in the image tends to be. Thus, if there is an image that is 4 pixels by 4 pixels, then each individual pixel is probably pretty important. Whereas for an image that is 2000 pixels by 2000 pixels, the individual pixels probably do not matter very much. In one embodiment of the present invention, the size cut off is 64�64 pixels. An image above the size of 64�64 pixels will pass this analysis step. It should be understood that any size can be set for this analysis method or that the size can be used to scale the sensitivity to other error metric conditions.
[0077] Combination of Analysis Methods
[0078]FIG. 6 presents a flow chart detailing an example embodiment of the present invention. In step 60, signal to noise ratio error metric analysis method is performed. Then in step 72 it is determined whether the analysis method passed or failed the image. If the image failed, then the original is used in step 86. If the image passed, then DXTC compression is applied in step 74. Next the analysis methods based on color axis mapping error metric, geometric correlation error metric and size error metric are performed (steps 76, 76 and 80). The results are multiplied (ANDed). A check of the final result is performed in step 82. If the final result is a pass, then the compressed image is used in step 84. If not, the original image data is used in step 86.
[0079] Those skilled in art can appreciate that the sequence presented in FIG. 6 is an example only. A number of error metrics can be applied in serial or parallel and the order can be re-arranged to achieve the desired results. For example, the size error metric analysis method may be performed first. Furthermore the settings and criteria that are in each error metric method can be find-tuned and set by the user such that the desired results can be achieved.
[0080] Performance
[0081] Most of the analysis methods described above are actually integral parts of the compression process. Therefore, the present invention incurs very little extra time cost to collect error metric data during compression. Also since compression itself is an operation that takes significant time, data collection is a shorter operation. Furthermore the processing cost is also low since the compression process gives the data needed to perform the error metric analysis.
[0082] Thus an analysis method to produce a series of measurements which determines whether an image is suitable for compression is described in conjunction with one or more specific embodiments. While this invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments. Rather, in view of the present disclosure, which describes the current best mode for practicing the invention, many modifications and variations would present themselves to those of skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. The invention is defined by the claims and their full scope of equivalents.
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Linhagens is the result of a pioneering effort by Portuguese genealogists. It was started in 1996 and is the first Portuguese company geared towards genealogical investigation.
Over more than ten years, Linhagens has served to change the profile of Portuguese genealogy, making it accessible to people all over the world and inspiring other researchers to develop their own research projects.
We have set quality and precision standards in our research and devotion to our clients, which have become benchmarks for genealogical services. We don't compromise in our commitment to our clients.
Genealogy and Internet
There are numerous communities with people of Portuguese descent established all over the world and many of those people are keen to know or have a deeper knowledge of their Portuguese heritage. This is why Linhagens has such a strong online component and created the first site in 1997. This proved to be a correct approach, as many of our clients are found on all Continents and have accessed Linhagens through our site.
Linhagens still has the same initial pioneering drive. Today much of the communication with our clients is done electronically and we strongly support innovative and secure communication platforms, such as box.net and paypal.com.
All our researchers have great experience in the area of genealogical research and services. Over the years they have accommodated various types of clients, from the merely curious or people with ongoing naturalization processes to public or private companies, such as banking or financial institutions, courts or foreign governments.
Our researchers have degrees and master's degrees from some of the main Portuguese universities and there are also members of the Portuguese Genealogy Association (Associação Portuguesa de Genealogia) and the Association of Professional Genealogists, whose Ethics Code we are guided by.
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33 year old woman | Erie, PA, USA | Seeking men 23-37 within 150 miles
Live every day to it's fullest and don't take any moment for granted.
I am looking for a guy to become my best friend, and obviously hopefully more. I am looking for someone who likes to have fun and enjoy every day. I have pretty ecelctic interests and get along with most everyone. Finding someone that I can truly trust is very important to me. If my friends had to describe me in a few words they would say that I am laid back, thoughtful, caring, selfless, and funny. I have a pretty wide group of friends from the various activities in my life, and still am close with friends from my childhood as well. Family is very important to me. I am an only child who was raised by just my mom, and she passed away unexpectedly about 2 years ago. My entire family has become much closer since then and I cherish every moment I spend with them. I have a little bit of a funky work schedule so I am looking for someone who is okay with that. In my free time, I sometimes like to relax at home, and also enjoy going to watch or play sports or listen to bands. I love to be outside all year around. I have become more of a traveler the past few years and am always open to road trips, or even bigger trips. I LOVE to cook and bake and make candy, etc! I enjoy what I call my old-lady hobbies of sewing and making other crafty stuff as well. I am very passionate about helping other people and I enjoy doing so both at work and in a volunteer aspect. I am looking for someone to have fun with, someone who is fairly laid back, reliable, has a good head on his shoulders, and is a genuine person.
Alumni connections , Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Performing arts , Playing sports , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
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Pittsburgh strip club asks judge to return off-duty police security
A Downtown strip club is seeking to bar Pittsburgh police from forbidding off-duty officers to work security details there.
Attorney Jonathan Kamin, who represents Blush, is scheduled to appear in court at 1:30 p.m. Thursday to seek an injunction to block the new policy.
Kamin filed a complaint in Common Pleas Court on Wednesday claiming that acting police Chief Regina McDonald's decision March 13 to prohibit off-duty officers from working at any adult-entertainment establishment violates the club's constitutional rights.
"She's saying our business is inappropriate and puts a bad light on the City of Pittsburgh police officers, and we think that couldn't be further from the truth," Kamin said. "The police chief has a duty, as an enforcer of the law, to enforce the law in an even-handed and appropriate manner."
Neither city solicitor Dan Regan nor McDonald returned calls for comment.
Michael LaPorte, president of Fraternal Order of Police Fort Pitt Lodge No. 1, said he disagreed with the policy change because it contradicts the union's agreement with the city.
"I don't think it's out of malice; it's just out of lack of knowledge," LaPorte said.
The FOP last week filed a grievance with the department over the change. McDonald has not responded, he said.
Kamin called Blush "a Pittsburgh landmark" visited by 250 people every weekday and 350 on weekend days. Blush has employed off-duty police officers for 48 years, and eliminating the additional security could have a "chilling effect," he said
"To say we're not entitled to hiring police because we're not a favored class of citizens is, I think, ridiculous," he said.
Adam Brandolph is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. He can be reached at 412-391-0927 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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She's very sweet like to be cuddle and like the attencion she's a very active cat that just like to play .saddly I dont have time for her anymore .Just got promote and I'm be very busy .she's 1 yrs in half she don't come with papers
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Lolli is a beautiful flame point or red siamese snowshoe female. She has had one litter. She is veru social and loving and an easy eeper... not particularly vocal. I am downsizing and need to sell her. I accept cash or paypal for credit cards only. I also have her identical male itten available he is ready to go for 350. Please call is serious 843 455 4533
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Weddell Sea - In search of the Emperor Penguin
The Emperor Penguin rookery is situated south of Snow Hill Island. Although we will probably not be able to reach that far through the ice (less than 50% chance based on our voyages in the last three seasons), the idea is mainly to situate ourselves in or between the Antarctic Sound and James Ross Island, close to the ice edge and observe the emperor penguins on their way to the open water. We will use our helicopters in our attempts to search for individual Emperor Penguins and to make scenic flights over the region.
Please note: A typical itinerary to the Weddell Sea is illustrated below. All itineraries are for guidance only. Programs may vary depending on local ice and weather conditions, the availability of landing sites and opportunities to see wildlife. The final itinerary will be determined by the expedition leader on board. Flexibility is paramount for expedition cruises. If ice conditions are favorable and the route to Snow Hill Island is free of multi-year pack ice, we will reschedule our voyage and offer ship-to-shore helicopter transfers to Snow Hill Island (as carried out successfully in 2013) at approx. 45 minutes walking distance from the emperor penguin rookery. If we succeed, this will be a fascinating and a once-in-a lifetime experience. However, we made attempts to reach Snow Hill Island during our voyages in 2012, 2013 and 2014. We only succeeded in 2013; therefore the chances to reach Snow Hill Island are indeed less than 50%.
- Chances to observe Emperor Penguins
- Snow Hill Island
- Helicopter landings
- Deception Island
Brief Itinerary
|Day 1
|Embarkation and departure from Ushuaia
|Days 2 & 3
|At Sea
|Days 4 to 7
|Weddell Sea
|Day 8
|Half Moon Island
|Days 9 & 10
|At Sea
|Day 11
|Arrival in Ushuaia and disembark
Day 1 — Embarkation and departure from Ushuaia
In the afternoon, we embark in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, the southernmost city in the world located at the Beagle Channel and sail through this scenic waterway for the rest of the evening.
Days 2 & 3 — At Sea
During these two days we will sail across the Drake Passage. When we cross the Antarctic Convergence, we arrive in the circum-Antarctic up welling zone. In this area we may meet Wandering albatrosses, Grey-headed albatrosses, Black-browed albatrosses, Light-mantled Sooty albatrosses, Cape petrels, Southern fulmars, Wilson's Storm petrels, Blue petrels and Antarctic petrels.
Days 4 to 7 — Weddell Sea
A typical itinerary in the Weddell Sea could be as follows. This is a sample only, the final itinerary will be determined by the Expedition Leader on board.
We will sail into the Weddell Sea and if the Antarctic Sound is accessible and the ice does not prevent us to sail further, we might see the huge tabular icebergs that announce our arrival to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula.
During these days we use the helicopters in our attempts to find individual Emperor Penguins. During our previous voyages we were always able to locate emperors. We will also offer scenic flights and - if the conditions allow us - helicopter landings on tabular icebergs and locations otherwise inaccessible so early in the season.
A possible landing sites, for example, is Brown Bluff, probably the most scenic spot in the entire northern tip of the Antarctic Continent. With steep canyon walls and tumbling boulders, an icecap looming above, beautiful volcanic creations and the scene is complete with thousands of adelie penguins nesting on the slopes, and a few gentoos mixed in for fun.
Helicopter flights are a great contribution to the voyage, for example on the west side of the Antarctic Sound is an area only rarely seen from the air. The scenery is stunning with landscapes of layered sandstones, lava flows, glaciers tumbling into the sea and icebergs and pack ice as far as the eye can see. We can observe individual emperor penguins and adelie Penguins on the ice floes; cape, snow and giant Petrels fly high in the sky while kelp gulls, skuas and wilson's storm petrels scavenge down below us. The landscape is dominated by jagged mountains piercing through the icecaps, and walls of ice dropping onto the slopes below.
A beautiful helicopter flight over huge blue icebergs and fast ice can also be made close to View Point in Duse Bay. We land on a rocky hillock close to an old refuge hut overlooking the bay. There will still be a lot of snow and ice but much of the intended walk on the Antarctic continent will be over a beautiful frost-shattered rock, almost entirely covered with the most fascinating lichen of all shapes and colors.
If the ice situation allows us to go further into the Weddell Sea area, we will visit Devil Island and Vega Island with a large colony of Adelie Penguins and a magnificent view for those hikers who can make it to the top of the hill. Melting ice sometimes provides spectacular waterfalls from the cliffs close to point 'Well-Met'. Further south, we may also visit Seymour Island, where many fossils can be found.
On our way north through the Antarctic Sound we might pay a visit to the Argentinean station Esperanza on the Antarctic continent. We will still look out for emperor penguins on the ice floes. In the afternoon we may visit Gourdin Island, with three penguin species; chinstraps, gentoo and adelies.
Day 8 — Half Moon Island
In the morning we plan to visit Half Moon Island where we can see chinstrap and gentoo penguins, various other bird species and southern elephant seals and Weddell seals.
Early in the afternoon we will sail to Deception Island where we have the last landing of our voyage at Pendulum Cove or Whalers Bay.
Days 9 & 10 — At Sea
In the Drake Passage we again have a chance of seeing many seabirds and to take advantage of the knowledge of our lecture team.
Day 11 — Arrival in Ushuaia and disembark
We arrive in the morning in Ushuaia and disembark.
Days 5 & 6 — Alternative program if the route to Snow Hill Island is free of multi-year pack ice (less than 50% chance)
Days 5 & 6 — Alternative program:
The use of helicopters has a great advantage and can support us in our goal to reach the Emperor penguin colony, but the itinerary is ruled by the forces of nature, ice and weather conditions. If the conditions are favorable, we intend to spend the first two days in the Emperor penguin rookery. The helicopter operation will take a full day and the flight duration takes approximately 15 minutes. The helicopter can accommodate 6 passengers per helicopter flight. The landing point of the helicopters will be carefully chosen and we will make sure that the Emperors penguins are not disturbed or stressed by helicopter noise. Therefore, after arrival, the passengers continue their expedition on foot. After a walk of approx. 45 minutes, passengers will experience an amazing rendezvous with the magnificent Emperor penguins. Keep in mind that we are in the world's most remote area and there are no guarantees, including a specific amount of helicopter time. Conditions may change rapidly, having its impact on the helicopter operation and passengers should understand and accept this. Safety is our greatest concern and no compromizes can be made.
* Itinerary may be subject to change
|Per Person USD
Rates 2015-2016
Twin Deluxe
Camp, Mountaineering, Photography, Kayak, Snowshoe
Special: Twin Porthole at Triple Porthole Rate (Price in Red)
- Very Limited Availability -
Camp, Kayak
Camp, Kayak
Camp, Mountaineering, Photography, Kayak, Snowshoe
Camp, Mountaineering, Photography, Kayak, Snowshoe
Rates are per person, based on twin-share. Single Supplement for twin cabins is 1.7 times the twin rate. Mandatory Emergency Evacuation insurance is required on all trips.
All activities are free of charge for Basecamp Ortelius voyages (Camping, Kayaking, Snowshoeing/Hiking, Mountaineering & Photography Workshop).
On other voyages:
Kayaking - $465
Camping - $180
Weddell Sea voyages include helicopters.
There is always a possibility of an added fuel surcharge if marine oil prices raise significantly.
Ortelius Deck Plan
|Quad Porthole
|4 Quadruple cabins with bunk beds and private facilities.
|Triple Porthole
|2 Triple cabins with 1 bunk bed & 1 single berth and private facilities.
|Twin Porthole
|27 Twin cabins with portholes, private toilet and shower and 2 single, lower berths.
|Twin Window
|12 Twin cabins with windows, private toilet and shower and 2 single, lower berths.
|Twin Deluxe
|2 Twin Deluxe cabins with twin beds, private toilet and shower.
|6 Superior cabins with double bed, private toilet and shower and a separate day room or sitting area.


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LADIES WALK PRACTICE Dr MN Lewis Dr SC Smart Dr SDT Davies Dr JJ Gnana Pragasam Dr CL Thompson Practice Manager: Mrs Janet Fry Rashes in Children What are the causes of rashes in children? There are many causes of rashes in children and these vary at different ages. They can be caused by:- Infections e.g. chickenpox, measles, rubella, warts Bacteria e.g. impetigo, meningitis Scabies Fungus and yeast e.g. ringworm, nappy rash Allergies to foods, medicines, insect bites A rash can be a sign of a widespread illness What are the symptoms of a rash? Spots of any size, raised above the skin, filled with fluid or pus Fever may indicate an infection Sore throat Vomiting Itchiness How is a rash diagnosed? The type and location of a rash may provide clues to its cause. Your doctor may be able to provide some guidance about diagnosing the cause of rashes in children. If your child's rash is accompanied by other worrying symptoms such as fever, headache or drowsiness, call for emergency advice. How is a rash treated? Rashes can be treated with cool compresses and calamine lotion and antihistamine. Always read the instructions on the packaging.
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I don't know about you, but it seems like one of the U.S. carriers is offering a new promotion every day. It's impossible to keep up with all of them, and I guess you have to thank T-Mobile for starting this trend.
Republic Wireless dropped a doozy yesterday by announcing they will pay customers for their unused cellular data. Most carriers sell data per month in 1 GB increments or 500 MB for entry level programs, but nobody uses exactly the data they purchased. There is always some left on the table at the end of the month.


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True Blood
Spotted: True Blood's Joe Manganiello Out at Las Vegas Nightclub (PHOTO)
It was a busy weekend for True Blood's Joe Manganiello!
Season 5 of the hit HBO show premiered last night with the intense episode "Turn! Turn! Turn!," and our wolfy friend was also seen on the red carpet for "Rehab Sundays" at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino.
But that wasn't Joe's only appearance. He continued his premiere weekend celebration at The Bank Nightclub at Las Vegas' Bellagio Hotel on Sunday night (June 10).
According to party insiders, Joe was "spotted mingling, chatting, and flirting with female club-goers" and stayed at the club until around 3:20 a.m.
Talk about a party "animal"!
Wanna chat with fellow True Blood fans? Join the discussion on our True Blood Facebook page!
Follow @TrueBldWetpaint on Twitter
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True Blood Season 6
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Alexander Skarsgard


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rachel lichtman
Most Republicans think Hurricane Isaac is the guy they hired to mix the drinks.
Aug 23, 2012 @ 2:41pm
My spirituality can best be described as "reading Dalai Lama books while pooping".
This will prob also be the title of my memoirs. http://t.co/kt8eDZoM
It's so easy and it doesn't cost a thing to make somebody's day just a little bit worse.
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1986 Porsche Carrera Cabriolet '86 Porsche Carrera Cabriolet Factory (M470) wide body with 28,550 on the odometer and matching numbers chassis#WP0EB0910GS170062 engine#64600061. Shown here in... More
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Jeeps 4x4s are nearly just as much about looking chic as they are about being capable to handle any terrain. Not only can you... More
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The Buick Grand National resides today in the hearts of many, and in the hands of a select few. A surge in the following... More
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A Birthday Bash without the Fuss Your husband's birthday is approaching and you want to plan a summer party to celebrate the occasion. He doesn't like fuss or fanfare so that means keeping it simple. An outdoor gathering in your backyard will ensure that you don't go overboard, everyone can be casual, and your partner […]
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Is your sports memorabilia collection living out its days in your dusty garage? That's not why you purchased all those items! Here's how to display your collection, no matter what size it is. The First Step: Deciding Where to Display the Collection Your very first decision will be where you're going to display your items. […]
How to Be Aware of Volleyball Injuries
Playing volleyball can place a lot of strain on a player's ankle. It doesn't matter which position you play, ankle injuries are a very real danger. Players jump frequently at the drop of a hat, which can result in less than ideal landings. Coming down in an awkward manner on the ankle can be detrimental […]
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I'm doing the 21 Day Sugar Detox and decided to try this yummy chocolate pudding recipe. It's a great afternoon snack when I tend to start craving something sweet. Ingredients: 1 banana 1 avocado 1/4 cup of almond milk 1/4 cup of unsweetened coco powder 1/4 tsp of vanilla pinch of salt and cinnamon Blend […]
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Eleven stops, 120 ATVs, 280 people and one great tour
by Callie Wells
Eleven stops, 120 all terrain vehicles (ATVs) and 280 people were the makings of one great tour recently in Muskingum County. Muskingum County Farm Bureau, Soil and Water Conservation District and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service recently partnered to put on an ATV conservation tour that featured stops at 11 different locations where conservation practices have been installed. The events second year was a huge success, doubling the numbers achieved at the event in 2012.
Watch this video to see photos from the tour and hear about it from Jeanette Weinberg of Muskingum County Soil and Water Conservation District, and Carol Friel of Muskingum County Farm Bureau.
Learn more about all purpose vehicle (APV), or all terrain vehicle (ATV), laws with the Farm Bureau Legal Information Series.
Visit Muskingum County Farm Bureau's website and Facebook Page.
View more photos of the event on Muskingum County Soil and Water Conservation District's Facebook photo album.
Callie Wells is a communications specialist for Ohio Farm Bureau.