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How did three Danes end up being tortured in Lebanon?
Afghan women: the fight for survival
11 Aug 2014 06:51 GMT | Politics, Middle East, Australia, Iraq, Syria
An image of what is believed to be the young son of an Australian man holding a decapitated head in Syria shows how barbaric the Islamic State "terrorist army" is, Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott has said.
Abbott made the comment on Monday while announcing Australia would likely join airdrops of food and supplies to thousands of Iraqi civilians besieged by Islamic State fighters and may even participate in airlift operations to take them to safety, possibly later this week.
The picture, taken in the northern Syrian city of Raqa, was posted on the Twitter account of Khaled Sharrouf, an Australian man who fled to Syria last year and is now an Islamic State fighter, The Australian newspaper said.
It reportedly shows Sharrouf's seven-year-old, Sydney-raised son dressed like any other young boy in blue checked trousers, a blue shirt and baseball cap, struggling to hold up the severed head of a slain Syrian soldier by his hair.
It was captioned with the words: "That's my boy."
Live Box 201471121759854996
Another photo published by the newspaper from Twitter shows Sharrouf dressed in camouflage fatigues posing with three young boys it said security agencies believed were his sons.
All are holding guns in front of the flag of the Islamic State, a group that has swept across Iraq and Syria, seizing large areas of territory.
Abbott, speaking to ABC radio from the Netherlands, said the pictures showed the "barbaric" nature of the Sunni fighters formerly known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
"What we've got to appreciate is that Islamic State - as they're now calling themselves - is not just a terrorist group, it's a terrorist army and they're seeking not just a terrorist enclave but effectively a terrorist state, a terrorist nation," he said.
"And this does pose extraordinary problems... not just for the people of the Middle East but for the wider world.
"And we see more and more evidence of just how barbaric this particular entity is."
'Act of a lunatic'
Australia has an arrest warrant out for Sharrouf, who has also been pictured posing with severed heads. Officials have said up to 150 Australians are fighting with rebels overseas, mostly in Iraq and Syria.
Sharrouf, who served almost four years in prison after pleading guilty over a 2005 conspiracy to attack Sydney, fled the country using his brother's passport.
David Johnston, the defence minister, said he was "revolted" by the image, which he called "a shocking misrepresentation of Islam".
"I'm very upset about this sort of thing completely colouring our view of Muslims," he said, while Lebanese Muslim Association president Samier Dandan distanced the Australian Muslim community from it.
"I stand very far from that concept - this is an act of a lunatic," he told the ABC.
Abbott also said Australia was ready to participate in American airdrops to civilians threatened in Iraq, and could also deploy two aircraft for any airlift mission.
American jets and drones have been carrying out strikes against IS fighters in northern Iraq as Washington seeks to turn the tide on two months of their expansion in the region.
Source: AFP
The Australian government has confiscated passports in an effort to prevent attacks by returning fighters.
Politics, Australia, Iraq, Lebanon, Somalia
Officials of at least seven countries are to meet in attempt to stop their young citizens from fighting in Syria's war.
Middle East
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The majority of Greeks refused the conditions of a new bailout package from the EU, but are unsure what to expect next.
Politics, Europe, Greece
London's tough response to 7/7 bombings thwarts attacks, but may not prevent radicalisation.
War & Conflict, Europe, United Kingdom
In Dallas, the Huey P Newton Gun Club organises 'manoeuvres' to show communities of colour they can police themselves.
Human Rights, US
A deep-seated cultural preference for boys is skewing India's sex ratio and making slaves of women.
Human Rights, Asia, India
Cash reserves start to run dry as ECB tightens controls and Greek PM Tsipras meets with EU creditors.
Europe, Greece, Eurozone
Taliban gunmen clash with government troops, hours after suicide bomber rams foreign convoy.
War & Conflict, Asia, Afghanistan, Taliban
In war-torn Afghanistan it is not the Taliban that poses the greatest threat to women - it is their own families.
Human Rights, Women, Afghanistan
From Democracy to the Market - we examine the devastating impact of the Greek financial crisis on ordinary citizens.
Business & Economy, Europe, Greece
Can Afghan archaeologists take on the Chinese and the Taliban to save a 5,000-year-old archaeological site?
Arts & Culture, Asia, Afghanistan
South Africa's miner strike led to the country's deadliest act of police violence since the end of apartheid.
South Africa, Politics, Protests


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Click the button below or email email@example.com to contribute your experiences with this product. Although not necessary, it's interesting to have a first name, city, state and country (no email addresses will be used). Any information submitted becomes the property of Tennis Warehouse.
Please include any relevant information such as string type and tension, skill level and style of play.
Comments: Love this racquet; I have the BLX 90 version. I tried some lighter, larger, thicker frames over the past
few years but I missed the touch and accuracy on volleys as well as the ability to handle hard shots. This is simply the best racquet
I have ever volleyed with. Slice backhands and slice/kick serves are also great due to thin beam and balance, the only difficulty for
me sometimes is the two-handed backhand on serve returns but that's me, not the racquet. I'm a 45 year old, 4.5/5.0 old school
serve and volley doubles player. I'm considering arming this beast with some natural gut strings. TW, recommended NG type and
tension for a serve an volleyer playing at high altitude?
From: Paul, 5/15
Response from TW: Try Wilson Natural Gut at 58 lbs and see what you think!
Comments: I just love this racquet. I use to play with the Pro Staff 85 but due to my age I decided to move to a
larger head. I demoed the 95, 95s, and the 90 at the same time. This racquet felt almost as good as the 85 but with a larger sweet
spot. I added lead under the grip and at 3 and 9 o'clock and now I hit such a heavy ball with medium topspin. My serves are
powerful and volleys are crisp. Now I'm experimenting with string; with my PS85 I only used synthetic gut but now I'm trying
hybrids. My favorite setup so far is X-One Biphase in the mains and Revolve in the crosses. I am a 5.0 player that has been playing
tennis for almost 30 years.
From: William, 5/15
Comments: I'm not super great at tennis but I can play a fair game. I wouldn't know how to rate my level of play but
I'm going to review this racquet anway. I own the Pro Staff 95 (the 2012 version) and to compare the two I must say that there is a
big difference between the feel and groundstrokes. With the 90 (updated version) the feel is incredible, I haven't played with a lot
of racquets but out of all the ones I have played with, this racquet has the best feel, without a doubt. People say that reach shots
are unforgiving with this racquet but I find that instead of doing a simple block or a slice do half swing or full swing if you can, I
usually miss or just suck at reach shots but with this racquet I get many winners from them since the opponent isn't expecting a
power shot. For some reason this racquet seems ot be made to do great at two things (for me anyway). It's my one-handed
backhand, and volleys -- when I slap that backhand onto the ball with this racquet with the right technique nothing can go wrong.
But what I'm very impressed about is volleying. With the Pro Staff 95 (2012 version) I used to miss many easy volleys, I couldn't hit
a lot of drop shots at net either. But with the weight and stability of the Pro Staff 90 this racquet is a must for net players. Easy
plow through from hard shots. I felt I controlled everything at net with this racquet. I usually don't play with heavy racquets but
now I think I will after playing with this grand racquet. And at only $100, it is a steal -- I feel like a theif.
From: Justin, 4/15
Comments: As a 4.5 player, I used to play with the BLX 90, sold my two frames for the new Babolat Pure Drive Tour.
Forgot how stable and super feeling hitting with the ProStaff 90 was: simply amazing! I actually find it less demanding than the
Pure Drive Tour as I focus more on the mechanics, and enjoying the feel of striking the ball, knowing that it will flow into the
court. With my Pure Drive Tour, the large string bed, the hollow feeling, and the thickness of the frame result in a lot of erratic
play. Basically, the 90 square inch head size is the whole sweet spot (kind of), and every hit, once proper footing is set, is crisp
and clean. Now, my serve is definitely not as powerful or smooth as tit is with he Pure Drive Tour, but still working on it. I like
both frames, but there is just something truly magical and enjoyable about that Pro Staff 90. Strung at 52 lbs with Pro Red Code
From: Stephan, 4/15
Comments: For the way I hit, this racquet works very well for me. The 12.4 ounce strung weight swings quickly on
slappy, flat forehands with good accuracy from a muted, small stringbed. I pretty much only slice my on my one handed
backhand and that is where I feel this racquet excels. It just slices better than most other racquets. I only hit a flattish slice serve
and find this racquet does as well as the PS 85, just with more crispness. I use an 18g syn gut at 55 lbs and while they don't last
as long. I love the extra zing I get from them in this racquet. It's a different experience from widebody, large head
racquets...better suited for shot crafters than baseline rippers.
From: Scott, 2/15
Comments: I have been hitting with this racquet, first in the stock setup and then I added weight of 4 grams total at
1 and 11 o'clock (4 lead strips of 1 gram). It has a K-Factor 90 feel with the graphite kevlar layers, which I really appreciate as it
makes the racquet "honest." I can tell from the feel of the pop if I've hit a good shot and attack or a poor one and defend. I love
the 12 HL unstrung balance and the 340 grams weight. This combination makes it maneuverable, somewhat whippy, but stable at
the same time. I can go toe-to-toe against the big hitters at my club with confidence as I can rely on the weight to counterpunch.
Some people say you need to make an extra effort to get the most out of this racquet. In my opinion, you just have to be
disciplined in all areas of your game, starting from footwork, timing, swing pattern, positioning, etc. You also really need to
extend your swing. On my forehands, I often find that to produce penetrating shots, I will have to really extend so that the racquet
and my hitting arm wraps around my body and my hitting shoulder points to the opponent. Best shots come when contact is well
away from the body (think Fed). The small headsize and the centralized sweetspot, means you really need to watch the ball and
time your contact. It also isn't a good defensive racquet as you need to reach out just a tad more to aim to hit off the sweetspot.
From: Indra, 2/15
Comments: This is the best racquet I have ever used. The mains get natural gut at 55 lbs and at the crosses get
Luxilon ALU Power Rough at 53 lbs. It is the best ever!
From: Sahil, 1/15
Comments: Been hitting with this for about 2 months and it's been awesome. It feels less stiff than the 68 rating it
received. The plow through and stability make many shots seem effortless. Its feel and performance reminds me of the Wilson
[K]Pro Staff 88 (Sampras) from a few years back, but not as taxing on the body. I currently use Kirschbaum Pro Line II (17L) at 50
lbs/48 lbs, which I think helps create a softer feel. Also, I like the handle which is relatively shorter than other mid-plus racquets
and perfect for the one-handed backhand. In recent years, I've mostly used rackets with a 18x20 or 16x20 string pattern for
extra control and feel. This larger head size and 16x19 string pattern still deliver in these areas. A definite new classic in Pro Staff
From: Joe, 12/14
Comments: Control, spin, power -- you can find those in most good racquets. But serves, man, that's money. I can
serve flat and spin so so much easier. This is the bomb. Thanks Fed!
From: Don, 12/14
Comments: In what is likely to be the last 90 square inch frame in the Pro staff series, Wilson thankfully re-
introduced kevlar back into the composition. The previous two models of 90/Tour frames did away with kevlar and it was noticed
by those who cherished the feel the Pro Staff range has always been synonymous with. By bringing kevlar back, Wilson has
produced probably their finest player's frame since the K6.1 Tour which was the last "Tour" frame to contain kevlar in its
composition. Bravo to Wilson for making another truly great 90 square inch frame for lovers of them.
From: Brendon, 11/14
Comments: Have been trying to find a "better" racquet for quite some time. Have two K-Six One Tour 90s that I
have never given up, but tend to play now more with the Pro Staff Tour 90. It feels a bit "lighter" and easier to maneuver than the
SixOnes, and overall just a slightly nicer feel in the hand. Have also the old ProStaff 85, which I love for it's stability. My dream
racquet would be the new ProStaff 90 design in an 85 sq. in. head...Wilson, are you listening? I've demo'ed some of the others
(Head, Yonex), but still can't find anything I like better than the Pro Staff Tour 90.
From: Michael, 9/14
Comments: Following up my post from 8/14. I got the replacement from TW with the right grip size. I am happy
with it. It actually feels in between the last version (the BLX ProStaff 90) and the K90, but much closer to last version and slightly
better in terms of plow through and balance.
From: Mike, 8/14
Comments: I just got the racquet yesterday that comes with expensive string on it, but I have to return it today for
an exchange because the grip size is not true to the spec. I ordered size 3, and the spec says 3 too, but it actually feels like 4.
Then I measured it last night along with all my previous versions, it indeed measures to 4! Yes, I have all recent iterations of the
90 racquet except the N Code, plus the reproduced Pro Staff 85, all from Tennis Warehouse. Given that there seems to be a
pattern to this new version that the actual grip size tends to be one size larger than the spec size, I am actually thinking to
request a replacement with size of 2 (2/8) in a hope that I will get something actually measures somewhere between 2 and 3, so I
don't have to retrun it again. In fact the ideal size for me is something slightly smaller than 3. Without actually hitting, I can only
say that this new Pro Staff 90 is closer to K90 in term of swing feeling. In this regard, the red and black 90 BLX is closest to the
Pro Staff 85 which I like the most.
From: Mike, 8/14
Comments: I cannot understand why people would call this racquet heavy. It's probably as light as many junior
wooden racquets from days gone by and it's certainly lighter than my trusty Dunlop Max 200g. This is a lovely stick with very
centralized sweet spot which rewards a quality swing. Would I recommend it to a beginner ? Probably not. However, anyone that
has a full swing or serve and volley types would enjoy this racquet provided they can get past the idea of having a smaller than
average 90 square inch head size. In comparison, I would say it has less pop than my Head Graphene Prestige Pro although the
Pro Staff has superior stability. The only downside I can think of is that you don't get anything for free using the Pro Staff 90. It
translates whatever you do perfectly -- for better or for worse. Not a classic by any means but a very nice racquet which demands
From: Alan, 7/14
Comments: I'm 38 years old, 6'0", 155 lbs and I started seriously playing tennis about 3 months ago after having
messed around a bit in high school trying to learn. I have not played in a league yet but my practice group consists of 3.0 to 4.0
players and I would say there is only one 4.0 player that is better than me so I'm somewhere between 3.0 and 3.5. I started out
playing with a HEAD Ti S.1 racquet which is a low power, control racquet. I really favor control over power as short, choppy
swings feel unnatural to me and I often send the ball way out with high power racquets. As a beginner and mostly chatting with
other beginners the perception was that the lower the weight and the bigger the head size the better the racquet. I toyed with
getting a Wilson K-zero 118 sq. in. racquet but then asked my 4.0 practice partner if I could play with one of his two Prostaff 6.1
90s (BLX 2012 version). I held the racquet and kind of laughed at its old school looks, heavy weight and small head size. I didn't
expect much from it and thought I would hate it. Boy was I wrong! As I hit the first ball, I was completely addicted at the feel and
control of this racquet. It was so different from any other racquet I had ever swung. As long as you keep your eye on the ball, as
you should with any racquet, the head size does not feel like an issue, especially since across the middle it is close to the width of
more typical racquets. I shanked a couple of balls but I do that with my HEAD 107 racquet as well. After demoing the racquet for
a 4 or 5 games, I went back home did some research and overall liked what I read about the Pro Staff 90. I offered to buy one of
my friend's Pro Staff 90 and he agreed. Today I played doubles for 2 hours with my "new" racquet and had a great time placing
the ball into corners and on the line. On my serve I was getting nearly 100% of my first serves in so for one of the final games, I
was serving and decided to turn up the heat I have never served so strongly! I served a nearly perfect game and even my 4.0
friend had trouble getting solid returns. Serves and slice backhands are my favorite shots with this stick. I'm in love with this
From: Tony, 7/14
Comments: This racquet will serve as a good coach. You will lose matches with your friends, but the beauty of this
racquet is that it improves your game. The small sweet spot forces you to use perfect technique. Plenty of shanks, and
frustrating miss hits will ensue. However, when I played with a more normal headsize racquet (98 inches to be exact) after having
played with the 90 for a few months, I was unbeatable. Definitely try this racquet if you are interested in improving your game.
From: Sridhar, 6/14
Comments: Used to play with the N Six.One Tour 90. Since then I've tried lighter racquets with larger head sizes
and more pop. I picked up the new Pro Staff 90 and fell in love all over again. This stick is like a scalpel. Yeah, I lost some pop and
some pace on groundstrokes, but I can put the ball anywhere and that's priceless! In retrospect, my point construction was sloppy
and clumsy with my Pure Drives, whereas everything just flows so much better with the 90. The more head light balance makes it
easy to get it around and attack. It is so stable that returning big serves is another opportunity to attack! Makes me wish I'd never
strayed from the pro staff line in the first place. A must have for anyone who can handle it!
From: Danny, 5/14
Comments: Just tested it with TWE (great program) with some poly (@38DT/I would prefer a hybrid). Specs are on
paper the same as the BLX PS, but the leather is thinner, and the frame is 3g heavier which feels when you hold it. Also, the grip 4
seemed a bit larger than the BLX. If I buy one I would go for a 3. Among the initial review, I would be close to what K wrote expect
on serve which I felt was very solid (poly impact?). Compared to previous version: The racquet is stiffer buy still buttery, more
powerful for drilling, better to stab slices, less spinny and less lenght, less manouvrable, so you will net more often while on the
move. To some extent it is a bit in the direction back of the K series, which I did not like so much in tube (pipetube feel). But with
some great modern feel. My ample opinion more for a powerful baseliner than someone who goes to the net quite often like me.
May be with some moding we can make it closer to the BLXPS and even better, with some time. Still compared to the 10s of
racquet I have tested (Head, Pacific, Donnay, Dunlop etc.), it is among the best (very difficult to beat the Pro Staff lineage).
From: Denis, 4/14
Comments: This is a racquet is for a player 4.5 and up -- you need technique and strength. If you have it you will
love it! Slices are very powerful and deep. This raquet is for the strong players who like to hit powerfully. The way I feel with this
racquet is out of this world -- it can manage flat hit, slice, lots of spin. At the net you have the mass to stop a cannonball and get
good depth. The serve feels very powerful and you can hit whatever shot you want. This is my raquet of choice -- I have 5 and
play very well with them. I am 42 and play 5.0 to 5.5.
From: David, 3/14
Comments: Was very curious to try this frame. Power was low, but had nice precision. Control was also very good.
The sweet spot is small, so one have to be very precise. Overall this is my deal: I don't see any reason at all why anybody would
want to use this racquet. The great Roger Federer no longer is using this spoon of a racquet with it's 90 square inch frame. He has
gone up to a prototype that is 98 square inches, if I'm correct. Not a single pro is using a 90 square inches anymore. If 90 sq.in.
racquets have become a liability to the pros and no longer are useful to them, what makes you think that this frame will improve
your game? Even Pete Sampras who used the Wilson Pro Staff 85 said that he wished he had gone to a bigger head sized racquet
later in his career. A tennis buddy of mine who used this frame switched to the Six.One 95 and loves it!
From: Van, 3/14
Comments: I hit with a demo of this racquet today from my local shop. It was strung with multi-filament and had
no lead at the tip as I typically customize to. My impression was that the racquet is a bit crisper than the prior version. The ball
seems to jump off the racquet a bit more. By comparison, my prior racquet felt a bit plusher, although in the long line of Pro
Staffs, I wouldn't consider the prior version the plushiest (I'd say the one before that was). I believe that with customization and
my standard poly for additional spin/control, this racquet would be good to have in my bag for a slightly different feel than the
prior version I own. In general, the play is pretty similar but it comes down to preference. If you liked the K90 and the old black
Pro Staff 90 Tour, you might like this one. I'm a 4.5 advanced player.
From: Frank, 2/14
Comments: Without lead tape: It has low power (compared to other tour 90's), nice sound off the racquet but no
response felt (had a mushy feeling), less maneuverable than the BLX 90, super easy to chip the paint and expose graphite, good
slice but not enough topspin, ball kept on slipping on strings, no depth on forehand or backhand compared to the BLX 90, more
precision (on hitting in the sweet spot), accuracy and stability on backhand and forehand shots compare to the BLX 90 on volleys,
but on groundstrokes the sweet spot felt underpowered. Terrible serves, with the BLX 90 I hit my serves around 100-110 mph,
but I couldn't even reach 70 mph, hard to hit flat shots on serve, give a nice slow kicker on serves.
With lead tape: 2g at the head, 4g at 9 and 3, with power pads at the throat (which adds weight without changing balance). Good
depth on groundstrokes, volleys felt a lot more accurate, backhands had good power with extreme accuracy, serves got a little
better (still spiny), sweet spot had more power, good touch, but I couldn't get rid of the terrible dead feel from the racquet. I hate
amplifeel tech, if I wasn't looking I wouldn't be able to tell if I hit the ball or not, amplifeel blocks all type of vibration and feel. I
might trade this in for a Pro Staff 85, noting beats the Pro Staff 85, it gives me more spin than the AeroPro Drive.
From: K, 2/14
Comments: I play with the Pro Staff 90 BLX. This newer version is a tad stiffer and a tad more power. I had a little
more difficulty controlling shots and it didn't seem as forgiving as the BLX..
From: Ron, 1/14
Comments: Excellent racquet, with really solid feel and maneuverability. I've tried the previous version and just
like it, it felt too headlight and flimsy. This racquet, on the other hand, was a major improvement and had better stability on off
center shots, the overall feel has also improved and felt much cleaner with less vibration but not dampened. It also felt slightly
maneuverable compared to the K90, as my one backhand didn't struggle as much with timing, yet still remained very stable. This
racquet also felt very crisp and gave excellent pop even with softer strings. The quality has also improved as I weighed a couple in
the shop and they only varied by +/- 2 to 3 grams. I highly recommend trying it out if you can handle the specs, especially if your
Tour 90 fan.
From: Anon, 1/14
Comments: So I've been waiting for this stick for a while and I finally got to try it out. First off, this does not feel
the last iteration. The plow through that we know and love is back, but with the same level of spin as the BLX Pro Staff. Feel was
bad, yet not great, but the plow through power more than made up for it. I'd have to say it's one of my favorite tour 90s. You
almost say it's a mix the NCode Tour 90 and the KFactor Tour 90.
From: Brent, 1/14

subset: commoncrawl


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Trade lobbyist says member business lending cap would be too controversial to be in California congressman's bill expected to drop this week.
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New York Democrat said the move would inject much-needed funds into local communities when they need it most.
Michigan Business Connection LC said the battle shouldn't spook credit unions in their efforts to aid to small businesses.


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The average rating for a hearing aid center in the Elgin area is 4.93 out of 5 stars. Here's what one of our users said about Hearing Associates Inc - Libertyville, Libertyville, IL. "I can not say enough about the in depth information, technology and great staff that this office provides. I have been an off on on hearing aid user for over 20 years. I'm ashamed to say, I was very reluctant to wear my hearing aids due to what I would regard as poor choices of selected aids, unsuccessful benefits of the aids that were recommended by other distributors and ignorance to the overall benefits they provide for my well being, not only socially but medically. Not until I was introduced to the Hearing Associates staff have I changed my whole outlook on the over all benefits of wearing your hearing aids. Upon meeting Carly Girard, I was immediately impressed with her knowledge and true concern in fitting me with the best hearing aids that would make me an everyday user. I'm still impressed with the follow up that this office takes to make sure your reaping all the benefits that can make your life so much easier. Not only do they make sure you are truly satisfied by many follow up visits; they offer classes at the office to educate you and your family members how best to deal and understand the difficulties that both the hearing loss individual and their families have to encounter. Some of the few topics discussed at the hour meetings, the medical benefits, how best to deal with someone with a hearing loss, better choices of seating at restaurants, best overall locations to stand/ sit when In a multi person conversation, along with knowledge as where to position yourself when at a movie, concert, or play etc...I can go on and on. These classes offered by Linda Remensnyder are a wealth of knowledge that becomes so beneficial to those affected by hearing loss. I would also like to mention, I am on a very strict budget and was debating if hearing aids were something that I could wait to purchase at a future date. I was surprised that I can. I was set up with a plan that is very affordable. I just can't thank you enough, Bernadette " - Bernadette A.
Find out more about this clinic and other audiologists, hearing aid dispensers and ear doctors in your area by reading below.
Did you know? - BC-HIS stands for Board Certified Hearing Instrument Specialist.
799 S McLean Blvd Elgin, IL 60123
487 Pennsylvania Ave Glen Ellyn, IL 60137
2127 Midlands Ct Ste 203 Sycamore, IL 60178
319 W Ogden Ave Westmont, IL 60559
755 S Milwaukee Ave Ste 189 Libertyville, IL 60048
35 Tower Ct Ste A Gurnee, IL 60031
» Call (855) 452-0913
» Call (847) 380-4886
» Call (815) 788-6457
» Call (866) 251-4082
» Call (847) 777-3277
» Call (630) 426-6838
» Call (630) 626-5836
» Call (630) 203-9715
» Call (847) 371-3345


text: We stayed one week in Moorea with 3 friends and would definitely recommend Manahau's place as a top spot to say in Moorea. A peaceful location with a private beach, we did some kayak, stand up paddle, surf (there is even a reef surf spot just in front of the house!) play football, all was very easy to handle with... more


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11 Teacher-Approved Crafts for School
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Ribbit Ribbit Frog Stool
By: DecoArt
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Make this adorable frog stool for your child. It'll look great in their bedroom or they can stand on it when brushing their teeth. In seven steps you can have a cute stool to give a child.
- DecoArt Products Required
- Americana Acrylics
- DAO1 - Snow (Titanium) White
- DAO34 - Lavender
- DAO67 - Lamp (Ebony) Black
- DA230 - Festive Green
- DA235 - Citron Green
- DA255 - Bahama Blue
- 1 1/2" sponge brush
- #4 round brush
- #8 flat brush
- #0 liner brush
- Water container
- Palette or plastic plate
- Paper towels
- Tracing and transfer paper
- Pencil or stylus
- Square wood footstool, Walnut Hollow #10146970
Note: Allow to dry between steps.
- Use sponge brush to basecoat top, Bahama Blue; legs and support bar, Lavender.
- Trace and transfer pattern.
- Paint frog Festive Green; eyes, Snow White with Lamp Black pupils; bug bodies, Citron Green; bug wings, Snow White.
- Use #4 round brush and Lavender to paint lettering.
- Use liner brush and Lamp Black to paint nose, mouth, bug flight lines, and all outlining.
- Use brush handle end and Snow White to dot eye highlights. Use Lamp Black to dot bug bodies.
- Seal as desired.
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A collection of news and information related to Howard Lawrence Berman published by this site and its partners.
Top Howard Lawrence Berman Articles
Displaying items 67-77
Olympic great Rafer Johnson makes TV ad for Howard Berman
San Fernando Valley roundup: Bobcats spotted in La Crescenta, NoHo senior housing center to open and body found in BurbankStory | Oct 3, 2012 | 7:00 AMGood morning, readers. Today is Wednesday, October 3. A senior housing center that allows residents to express their artistic side is almost ready to open. NoHo Senior Arts Colony includes a theater and art classes for those over 62 years old,...
Julia Brownley in the 26th District
San Fernando Valley roundup: Crime spikes around NoHo Metro, Berman and Sherman battle nears end
San Fernando Valley roundup: Cyclist killed in North Hollywood, Miley Cyrus' home intruder sentenced to prison
San Fernando Valley roundup: Berman-Sherman spending reaches $9M, Great California Shakeout and farmers market looks to expand
Reps. Berman, Sherman continue to rake in campaign cash
Berman, Sherman running new attack ads on TV
San Fernando Valley roundup: Immigration clinic, Pacoima gang member convicted of Valley robberiesStory | Oct 20, 2012 | 9:00 AMGood morning, readers! Today is Saturday, October 20. The Los Angeles City Council is looking for ways to deal with a multi-million-dollar deficit. Two proposals to increase taxes might appear on the March ballot, reports the Daily News. A clinic that...
Bill Clinton to endorse Democrats at UCI rallyStory | Oct 22, 2012 | 4:17 PMFormer President Clinton continues to be a hot commodity in contested congressional races. At 5 p.m. Tuesday, Clinton will participate in a rally at UC Irvine to endorse several Democrats in Southern California races targeted by both major parties as...
Berman-Sherman race passes $13-million spending mark


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Team Modi may face black flag in Dhaka. Hindu minorities in Bangladesh are protesting against Islamic persecution and Mamata-JMB connection.
Persecuted minorities in Bangladesh made a human chain in Dhaka to draw the attention of Modi and Hasina for an end of injustice and atrocities against them. Prosad Roy | … Continue reading
Hindu Aikya Vedi to hold Mass Remonstrations against Kerala Govt's anti-Hindu stand.
Kerala Govt's Anti Hindu Stand: Hindu Aikya Vedi to Hold Mammoth Mass Remonstrations through the state in August. Paravoor | Janambhuni | May 30, 2015:: The state unit of Hindu … Continue reading
Multiple complaints from Hindus against Sunny Leone for 'Cultural Pollution' may cause arrest the Porn Star to put her jail in India.
Sunny Leone's porno Website upsets Hindu women; Hindu Janajagruti Samiti demands for Star's deportation, ban site and bar her entry into India. Leone may face arrest if enters India and put in jail … Continue reading
Why Hindu ideologues like Govindacharya and Subramanian Swamy differ with Modi Govt. ?
Modi government not much different from Congress and UPA: K N Govindacharya. Central Govt must take right decision on Rama Janmabhoomi Temple, Prohibition on Cow Slaughter, Art. 370, Netaji Files and … Continue reading
High wave rocked Delhi for the demand of Hindu Homeland in Kashmir.
Want separate homeland, not townships: Kashmiri Pandits Ravi S Singh | Tribune News Service | New Delhi | May 3, 2015:: Kashmiri Pandits today staged a protest in the National Capital against the … Continue reading
Kicking out Geelani's Fatwa, Hindus will observe Full fledged Amarnath Yatra for 60 days.
Syed Ali Shah Geelani's Fatwa to Restrict Amarnath Yatra to 30 Days. Kashmir is not Geelani, Hurriyat or Pakistan's Paternal Property. Annual Amarnath Yatra will be for Full fledged 60 days. … Continue reading
RSS demands to deport separatists to Pakistan.
Government should deport separatists to Pakistan: RSS PTI | Jammu | Apr 23, 2015 :: RSS on Thursday came down hard on separatists raising pro-Pakistan slogans, saying they should be … Continue reading
NHM urges Hindu boycott on 'Convent' schools and repeal the 'Secular' menace from Indian Constitution.
Stay off anti-Hindu 'convent' schools, National Hindu Movement urges parents. Repeal the the inserted word 'Secular' from the preamble of Indian Constitution. … HENB | Ponda | April 20, 2015:: The 'National Hindu … Continue reading
Hindu advocacy groups rallied in demand of Hindu holidays in NYC schools.
Rally for Hindu holidays in NYC schools in front of Mayor's office. … HENB | NYC | April 10, 2015:: A team of the American Hindu Council and allied advocacy groups called … Continue reading
Victory of Hindus at Raiganj. Thousands hold VHP rally defeating anti-Hindu and Pro-Muslim WB Police.
VHP meeting held at Marchant Club ground with thousand followers of VHP and Dr Togadia. West Bengal police arrested 1000 Hindu activists from Raiganj. VHP Calls Raiganj Bandh on 6th April against … Continue reading
TMC Ban on Dr Togadia in WB. Public Ban on TMC in Six States as reverse.
WB Govt. bans VHP leader Dr Praveen Togadia. The Hindus and VHP supporters of Maharashtra, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are planning reverse ban on pro Muslim Mamata Banerjee and non Hindu … Continue reading
Hindus of Titagarh (N 24 Pgs, WB) marched on Ramnavmi Procession gallantly rubbishing unjust Govt ban.
WB Police is ceasing the Hindu Rights of observing their festivals under a State diktat. HINDUS OF TITAGARH MARCHED ON SHRI RAMNAVMI SOBHAYATRA UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF HJM WITHIN GOVT RESTRICTIONS ON … Continue reading


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Tri Tri Tri Again
Friday - February 2
- Health data: Sleep: 3 Stress: 3 Soreness: 3
Thursday - February 1
Wednesday - January 31
Tuesday - January 30
Monday - January 29
Sunday - January 28
Saturday - January 27
Spent the night in San Francisco. This morning we went to the Team-in-training kickoff for my wife. I'm watching the kids this season while she does her first TRI. Some of my former teammates started calling me Mr. Danette! Well, I'm proud to be Mr. Danette.
wieczynski's Training Log
Actual vs Planned
Upcoming races
- July's totals
- June's totals
- 2015 totals
- 2014 totals
Device Upload: 1h 07m
Run: 3h 50m 43s - 21.3 Mi
Strength: 1h 20m
Device Upload: 6h 42m
Swim: 00m 12s - 1.08 Yd
Run: 69h 50m 53s - 338.13 Mi
Strength: 2h 05m
Device Upload: 8h 51m
Stretching: 10m
Walking: 1h 00m
Swim: 2h 04m 39s - 7964.16 Yd
Bike: 10h 22m 17s - 192.67 Mi
Run: 183h 58m 08s - 930.18 Mi
Strength: 1h 25m
Bocce: 1h 00m
Hiking: 1h 52m
Home Improvement: 5h 00m
Kayaking: 2h 40m
Stretching: 6h 10m
Table Tennis: 30m
Walking: 9h 45m


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4 Generations in the Workplace: Working More Effectively in an Intergenerational Workplace
- Business & Professional
- Fifth Floor, Room 560, 500 Fourth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98104
Team Building
Training and Development Institute powered by King County
Tuesday, December 2, 2014 from 1:00 PM to 4:00 PM (PST)
Team Building
Date: Tuesday, December 2, 2014
Time: 1 to 4 p.m.
Location: North Seattle Community College
9600 College Way North, Seattle, WA 98103
Course Description
Powerful outcomes come from cohesive teams! Discover ways to strengthen your group, overcome challenges, and deliver results. Learn to work with difficult people, enhance communications and seamless coordination skills.
Please note: The Community College will contact you with room details after registration.
Want to sign up for the TDI newsletter? Click to subscribe
For questions regarding the training and all registration inquiries, please contact email@example.com
At the Training and Development Institute (TDI) powered by King County, our mission is to help the public servants of our community develop the ideology and skills they need to deliver world-class service. We work with local government agencies and nonprofit organizations to build dynamic leadership programming, share it in a collaborative environment, and offer it at a great value.
Let's work together.
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text:
A energy absorbing structure is disclosed for the purpose of protecting human occupants of a vehicle from the damaging effects of sudden accelerative or decelerative forces by means of plastic deformation of the structure. The structure consists of a generally rectangular sheet of a stranded material, preferably expanded metal, which has nonisotropic properties and which is employed in the construction of the bottom or back of a seating structure for the vehicle occupant. The nonisotropic properties of the sheet allow it to be designed in such a way that it resists deformation when exposed to any force below a specified threshold; beyond the specified threshold, the sheet absorbs the force through plastic deformation, thus attenuating damaging force to which the occupant may be exposed. Such a device may be used in the seating apparatus of various vehicles, including aircraft, automobiles, space vehicles, helicopters, heavy machinery, tractors, military vehicles, and the like.
1. An energy absorbing structure adapted to decelerate an object impacting said structure and prevent the impacting object from further impacting a basal surface, said structure comprising a shaped sheet of expanded metal, said sheet having an incident surface that meets the impacting object and a perimeter, said sheet being held along said perimeter and positioned in spaced relation to the basal surface by a rigid support means so as to maximize energy absorption for the distance between said incident surface and the basal surface, said sheet of expanded metal having a stranded structure formed as an array of intersecting strands and cross strands interconnected at each point of intersection to define a plurality of apertures between said strands and said cross strands, at least one of said strands and said cross strands being constrained at its ends by said support means, said apertures oriented parallel to said incident surface and either expanding or contracting when a load exerted upon said incident surface by the impacting object places in tension said constrained strands and said constrained cross strands.
2. An energy-absorbing structure as described in
3. The energy absorbing structure described in
4. The energy absorbing structure described in
5. The energy absorbing structure described in
6. The energy absorbing structure in
7. The energy absorbing structure of
8. The energy absorbing structure of
9. The energy absorbing structure of
10. An energy-absorbing structure adapted for use in an aircraft seat to provide support to a torso of a seated human being in an aircraft having a cabin floor, the torso being subjected to a sudden load by an external force, said structure comprising:
a. shaped sheet of expanded metal having a stranded structure formed thereby as an array of intersecting strands and cross strands interconnected at their respective points of intersection to define a plurality of apertures between said strands and said cross strands, said sheet having an incident surface upon which the seated human rests and a perimeter said apertures oriented substantially parallel to the incident surface, at least one of said strands and said cross strands being constrained at its ends at a plurality of points at said perimeter; and
b. a support means providing rigid support at said support points, said support means constraining said strands and said cross strands having endpoints at said support points, said support means positioning said sheet in spaced relation to the cabin floor;
whereby said apertures plastically deform when the load exerted upon said incident surface by the human torso subjected to the external force places said constrained strands and said cross strands in tension and said sheet of expanded metal expands as a unit towards the cabin floor.
11. The energy absorbing structure described in
12. The energy absorbing structure described in
13. An energy absorbing structure adapted to decelerate an object impacting said structure and prevent the impacting object from further impacting a basal surface, said structure comprising a sheet of slitted material, said sheet having an incident surface that meets the impacting object and a perimeter, said sheet being held along said perimeter and positioned in spaced relation to the basal surface by a rigid support means, said sheet having a stranded structure formed as an array of intersecting strands and cross strands interconnected at each point of intersection to form apertures within said sheet, said apertures being oriented substantially parallel to said incident surface, at least one of said strands and said cross strands being constrained at its endpoints where said endpoints intersect said perimeter, the impacting object loading said incident surface so that said constrained strands and said constrained cross strands are placed in tension and a sufficient number deform in response to the loading so as to absorb the energy of the impacting object.
14. The energy absorbing structure described in
15. The energy absorbing structure described in
16. The energy absorbing structure described in
17. The energy absorbing structure described in
18. The energy absorbing structure described in
19. The energy absorbing structure described in
20. An energy absorbing structure comprising:
a. a shaped sheet of expanded metal, said sheet having an incident surface upon which an impacting object exerts a force, said sheet having a perimeter, said sheet having a stranded structure formed as an array of intersecting strands and cross strands interconnected at each point of intersection to define a plurality of apertures between said strands and said cross strands, at least one of said strands and said cross strands being constrained at its ends, said apertures oriented substantially parallel to the incident surface, said apertures plastically deforming when a load exerted upon said incident surface by said impacting object places in tension said constrained strands and said constrained cross strands; and,
b. a rigid support means provided to position said sheet in spaced relation to a basal surface, said support means contacting said sheet along a plurality of points of said perimeter and providing constraint for said at least one of said strands and said cross strands.
This patent application claims priority based upon the following provisional patent application: Ser. No. 60/116,822, filed on Jan. 21, 1999, of the same or similar title.
This invention was made under the auspices of Bergey Aerospace, Inc. No rights will accrue to any other entity, either governmental, educational, or commercial.
A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to shock-absorbing structures, more particularly, to safety features incorporated into vehicle seats, namely those found in aircraft, to protect the occupant, insofar as it is possible, from shock induced injury. Such structures find utility in related fields such as automotive, machinery, or any vehicle having human occupants.
B. Description of the Related Art
Designers of vehicles have strived for many years to provide safety devices designed to protect the vehicle occupants from injury in the event of a mishap. Such vehicles include land based vehicles such as automobiles, trucks, earth moving equipment, and the like; sea based vehicles such as boats and submarines; and flying vehicles such as aircraft, helicopters, and spacecraft. All such vehicles feature a to compartment in which the occupants, consisting of the operator and passengers, are seated and surrounded by instrumentation and apparatus for controlling the vehicle. Because the vehicle is generally in motion, external forces may cause the compartment to abruptly change its direction of motion, resulting in forces exerted upon the occupant. If such forces are too great, the occupant can be seriously injured or killed from these forces.
Various means have been proposed to protect the occupant from such forces. Seat belts are a notable example of such protection. They prevent the occupant from being thrown out of the seat and against the instrumentation, control apparatus, or the boundaries of the occupant's compartment, thus injuring the occupant. However, the seat belt is generally inelastic; that is, when the occupant is abruptly thrown against the seat belt, the force is absorbed by the human body against the seat belt. If the force is too great, then the human body is unable to dissipate the force by its natural elasticity and the tissue or bones will break down, resulting in injury. Some inventors have made an effort to dissipate the force by adding an elastic component to the seat belt which permits the belt to expand somewhat. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,276, by Maeyerspeer, achieves such elasticity by adding slots in the belt which allow the belt to tear when presented with a specified force to thus absorb the energy of the force.
Other devices protect the occupant by deforming when the occupant is forced against the device. Thus, while seat belts prevent the occupant from being thrown out of the seat, they do nothing to protect the occupant from vertical components of the impact forces such as those commonly experienced in airplane or helicopter accidents. Given that the occupant is in a normal seated position, such forces might be caused by a vertical fall ending in a sudden stop. Cushions, springs, and hydraulic shock absorbers, all installed in the base of the seat, have historically been used to dissipate such sudden and short duration forces. Some of devices exhibit the tendency to return to the original configuration after dissipating the force, resulting in an equal and opposite reaction and allowing the device to resume its shock-absorbing function at a later time.
Le Mire (U.S. Pat. No. 3,586,131) teaches the use of a mechanical energy absorbing device permitting absorbing a thrust by plastic deformation. The device consists of a metal plate having a central fastening point and a plurality of lateral-fastening points. The metal plate has staggered arcuate apertures concentrically arranged around a single centrally-located fastening point so that the plate can expand in tension when subjected to a load tending to move the central fastening point away from at least one of the lateral-fastening points. This device is designed to deform equally in all directions and is thus believed to exhibit isotropic characteristics under load. Le Mire teaches its use for securing or coupling automotive parts likely to be moved or struck by the passengers of a vehicle in case of a violent mishap.
Simpson et. al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,090, Aug. 16, 1994) features a leg structure in a seat frame which deforms to absorb energy. Marechal (U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,783, Mar. 19, 1996) describes device in which energy is dissipated by having a male part which penetrates by force and with plastic deformation into an aperture of a female part, where both parts are components of an underframe for a passenger aircraft seat.
Audi et. al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,545, Dec. 23, 1997) describes an energy absorption device using an expanded metal structure sandwiched between an incident surface and a basal surface, wherein the expanded metal structure is oriented substantially perpendicular to the incident surface. This device is designed so that a force striking an incident surface will cause the expanded metal structure to collapse through plastic deformation during energy absorption so that damage to the object protected by the basal surface is prevented. It is interesting to note that the ends of the strands in this structure are unconstrained, which means that an impacting object deforms the strands in compression rather than in tension, which further facilitates collapse of the structure. The inventors teach the use of this structure for head rests, arresting gear, landing gear, but not for seating arrangements.
Aircraft present unique problems in the design of energy-absorbing structures such as seats. First, weight must be kept to a minimum so that the aircraft may be efficiently operated. Cushions, springs, energy attenuation devices, and hydraulic shock absorbers all have a certain non-trivial and adverse weight and space effects that detract from the utility of the aircraft and other vehicles, thus requiring adverse design tradeoffs that may reduce efficiency of the aircraft. Second, Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, which governs aircraft certification, requires dynamic seat tests, to check the ability of the seat to prevent injury to the occupant when the seat is exposed to associated forces with specified deceleration rates. Cushions, springs, hydraulic shock absorbers, or complex seating frames which deform on impact, most of which operate through compression upon loading, must be substantially constructed in order to provide the necessary protection to the occupant; the resulting construction enhancements and considerations invariably result in increased weight.
Thus, it would be desirable to find an efficient and economical means of seat construction for aircraft and helicopters that will accomplish the following:
1. Support the occupant of an aircraft seat comfortably and without permanent deformation during all normal operations within the approved structural envelope of the aircraft.
2. Absorb energy and thereby attenuate the decelerative forces imposed on the occupant at the deceleration rates and loading angles specified by law and regulation (i.e. the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14) or in other formal or informal requirements for occupant safety and protection.
3. Exhibit flexibility in configuration so that the point at which plastic deformation occurs can be controlled.
4. Have low weight for aircraft use.
5. Be inexpensive to construct and maintain.
Such considerations as low weight, flexibility in configuration, and energy absorption, and expense would also have utility in seat construction for vehicles other than aircraft and helicopters.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide ab energy-absorbing structure which will absorb shock forces experienced by a human being in a seated position within an airborne vehicle.
Another object of the invention is to provide an energy absorbing structure which is light weight.
Another object of the invention is to provide a means of absorbing said shock without the accompanying rebound exhibited by certain conventional energy-absorbing designs.
Another object of the invention is to provide an energy absorbing structure which absorbs forces impacting the structure primarily by means of loading the structure in tension rather than loading the structure in compression.
Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and lightweight energy-absorbing structure which will meet the certification requirements of the United States Federal Aviation Agency as documented in Part 23 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations or other requirements that may be promulgated by the United States Government from time to time.
Another object of the invention is to provide an energy absorbing structure which is easily constructed from materials well known to the aviation industry.
Another object of the invention is to provide an energy absorbing structure which is relatively inexpensive to build and maintain, as compared with the existing art.
Another object of the invention is to provide an energy absorbing structure which can be supported by a rigid supporting means.
These objects of the invention are achieved by a special seat pan supported by a seating means which provides a space in which the seat pan can expand when subjected to a load normal (i.e., perpendicular) to the incident surface of the seat pan. In the case of an aircraft seat, the seating means provides the structural interface between the seat pan and the cabin structure of the aircraft. The seat pan is formed from a stranded structure which is formed from etched, cast, joined, mechanically perforated, or other forming processes, such structure being formed so as to exhibit nonisotropic characteristics. The best embodiment in this application is an expanded metal structure where the metal has been slit and partially expanded in a manner which will permit the sheet to expand when deformed by a rigid body, namely the body of the occupant when that body is subjected to forces against the seat pan. The slits in the seat pan are designed to deform plastically and permanently under shock loads, so that the seat pan as a unit expands with the force when such loads exceed a given, predetermined limit. This limiting point beyond which plastic deformation occurs is determined by a number of design factors, such as the two-dimensional shape of the seat pan, the manner in which it is supported at its perimeter, the orientation of the apertures in the expanded metal with relationship to the supporting points, the material from which the seat pan is made, and the dimension and shape of the apertures in the seat pan. This plastic deformation will absorb energy and reduce the decelerative forces acting on the occupant of the seat without the reactive component which would tend to return the seat pan to its unexpanded configuration. Such a seat pan is manufactured from light weight materials. Since it replaces a normal component of the seating structure, it does not occupy excessive space or add materially to the weight of the seat structure. The seat pan may optionally be covered with a soft, resilient pad made of such materials as polyurethane, rubber, or cloth materials, in order to increase comfort for the occupant and to more evenly spread the load subjected to the seat pan.
Prior seat designs achieve their energy-absorbing characteristics through plastic deformation of the seat supporting means, whereas the invention described in this disclosure achieves its energy-absorbing characteristics through plastic deformation of the seat pan itself supported by a rigid supporting means. It is believed that this aspect of the invention is unique and novel.
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a seating structure incorporating the invention and which is representative of the invention in general.
FIG. 2 shows a side view of the invention as it would normally be configured before energy absorption through plastic deformation.
FIG. 3 depicts a side view of the invention after it has been subjected to a load which would cause the invention to plastically deform and expand into the space below.
FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of one embodiment of how the invention is connected to seating means.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the seating structure of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 illustrates a representative aperture formed of two strands in a typical stranded structure made of slitted metal.
FIG. 7 shows five different embodiments of the methods of constraining the strands in a shaped seat pan and providing support thereof.
FIG. 8 shows a bottom view of one embodiment of how a seat pan is supported so as to constrain the strands within the structure.
FIG. 9 shows a representative force-deflection graph illustrating the principle whereby the invention operates.
The invention is best understood by describing it in a typical application which is shown for illustration purposes only and is not intended to limit application of the invention. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, we see one such application in which the invention is employed as an aircraft seat. An aircraft seat 10 is shown, consisting of a back portion 15, a bottom portion 30, and a support means 40. Back portion 15 is rigidly connected to the bottom portion 30, although the capability of reclining back portion 15 may be built into the structure for added comfort to the occupant by pivotably connecting back portion 15 to bottom portion 30 by hinge means 35 at their juncture. Back portion 15 provides support for the occupant's back, shoulders, and head, the back portion 15 having a generally rectangular back support frame 20 constructed of tubing, webbing, springs, straps, and the like, and covered with a soft, elastic back cushion material 25 for comfort to the seat occupant. Bottom portion 30 supports the thighs and buttocks of a human torso in a seated position (not shown). Both back portion 15 and bottom portion 30 are positioned with respect to each other and supported by support means 40 which connects the aircraft seat 10 to the cabin floor 55 of the aircraft. Bottom portion 30 consists of a seat pan 60, shown with a slight curvature for comfort, and a seat cushion 75 upon which a human torso is seated. Support means 40 may be of any suitable construction which supports the back portion 15 and positions bottom portion 30 a distance from floor 55 to permit seat pan 60 to unobstructedly expand into space 80 when vertical force 85 is exerted upon a human torso seated upon the bottom portion 30. When subjected to vertical force 85, a seated human torso (not shown) is downwardly pressed against cushion 75 which transfers force 85 to seat pan 60, thereby causing seat pan 60 to expand downwardly through plastic deformation of seat pan 60 to arrive at pan position 65 as the kinetic energy of force 85 is dissipated. Seat pan 60 provides a generally horizontal base for cushion 75 which cushion is constructed of a suitable elastic material which provides a soft and comfortable interface between seat pan 60 and the human torso (not shown). Seat pan 60 is held in a horizontal orientation at its two opposing sides by front frame member 45 and rear frame member 50.
Seat pan 60 is secured to frame members 45 and 50 by partially wrapping the material of seat pan 60 around said frame members and securing the material from the bottom side, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Bight 70 is formed in each of two opposing sides of seat pan 60 for capturing a frame members 45 and 50 therein, so that the material of seat pan 60 is in contact with a generally semicircular portion of frame members 45 and 50. As best seen in detail in FIG. 5, bight 70 is secured to a frame member from the underside by means of a rectangular bar 90 which captures the leading edge 72 of seat pan 60 between it and frame member 45, 50 and frictionally holds the seat pan therebetween. A plurality of screws 55 inserted through rectangular bar 90 and into threaded holes in respective frame member 45, 50 are tightened so as to maintain rectangular bar 90 in frictional contact with both leading edge 72 and the respective frame member 45 or 50. The degree of frictional contact may be adjusted in this manner so that a sufficient force 85 (FIG. 5) exerted upon seat pan 60 will cause the side to slightly travel back around frame members 45, 50, thus augmenting the energy-absorbing capability of seat pan 60. This manner of securing seat pan 60 to frame members 45, 50 has the advantage that all points along the leading edge 72 of seat pan 60 can be simultaneously be constrained by bar 70 with an adjustable, uniform pressure. However, this is but one embodiment, and seat pan 60 may also be rigidly secured by welding, rivets, flanged screws, bolts, springs, or any similar means without departing from the scope of the invention.
The support means 40 is shown in FIG. 1 as a generally rectangular frame with tubular members, primarily for illustration of the energy absorbing concept of the invention. However, any method may be used to support seat pan 60 a distance from the nearest surface so that it may freely expand into the space therebetween. In small aircraft, portions of the aircraft structure may perform double duty both as structural components and as an anchoring point for one or more sides of seat pan 60. For example, in small aircraft, the main wing spar runs through the cabin and may be utilized as one of the supporting members of the rectangular frame. Similarly, the side wall of the aircraft cabin may provide a means for anchoring one side of seat pan 60. Also, members having cross sections other than circular may be used to suitable construct support means 40. If a generally rectangular frame composed of elongate members is used, then embodiments of frame members other than those illustrated as 45, 50 may be used; for example, frame members having triangular, rectangular, or elliptical cross-sectional shapes may also be used without departing from the scope of the invention, provided that they are suitable for the particular purpose of providing support for the seat 10.
Support means 40 has been heretofore described as being a rigid structure, but this should not preclude the use of other energy absorbing seating frames described in the prior art and in conjunction with the present invention. A distinction should be made here between a "rigid" support means and "rigid" support of the seat pan. The former phrase refers to the fact that energy-absorption is primarily being accomplished by the seat pan and not the support means, whereas the latter phrase refers to fact that the seat pan is kept in the same relative relationship with the support means and the surface beneath the seat pan. As will be presently explained, the latter term also refers to the constraint of strands in the expanded metal composition of the seat pan at the supporting points so they are placed in tension by force 85.
The design and construction of seat pan 60 involves a multiplicity of factors in order to provide an apparatus with desired shock-absorbing characteristics, which are described in a load-deflection graph having a typical aspect as given in FIG. 9. Here the magnitude of force 85 (FIG. 5) is given in pounds on the vertical axis 210 and the deflection in inches of seat pan 60 as it is deflected by force 85 to position 65 is given by the horizontal axis 215. Loads less than value 235 will result in an elastic deflection of the seat pan; the seat pan will elastically return to its rest state when the load is removed. The range of deflection for such loads is called the elastic range. However, for loads exceeding value 235, the seat pan will deflect plastically and permanently and will not return to its rest state when the load is removed. The design task for a suitable seat pan is to configure the seat pan for a selected threshold value 235 and a selected deflection value 240 which may be accommodated by the space 80.
The structure considered for use in the seat pan 60 of the present invention and considered to be the best embodiment is a sheet of slitted metal which has been formed by piercing the metal with parallel rows of alternating slits and then partially expanding the sheet so that the slits form hexagonal-shaped openings, or apertures 100, in the sheet, as indicated in FIG. 6. The same slitted metal material 21 used for seat pan 60 could optionally be used in back frame 20. The slitted metal material for seat pan 60 exhibits nonisotropic properties. The term nonisotropic is well-known in the art of materials science and, as used herein, describes a characteristic of a material whereby the properties it exhibits in a first direction of orientation differ from the properties it exhibits in a second direction. The second direction is most commonly oriented perpendicular, or normal, to its first direction. The nonisotropic property of slitted metal results from the choice of metal alloy; the expanded pattern in which the material is physically manufactured, constructed, or configured; the degree of expansion of the material; the orientation of each aperture of the material with respect to how the seat pan is supported; and the number of layers of such material.
A typical aperture 100 in a sheet of expanded metal is shown in FIG. 6. Aperture 100 is formed of two parallel strands 115 c, 115 d and 115 e, 115 f which are periodically joined to adjacent strands at a bond 110 a or 110 b, and with each other at bonds 110 c or 110 d. Aperture 100 is seen to have two axes, a long way of opening 125 which is colinear with the slits and a short way of opening 120 which is perpendicular to the slits. As shown, strands 115 c, 115 d and 115 e, 115 f run horizontally. When the ends of said strands are fixed in place at the perimeter of seat pan 60 and a force 85 applies load to the seat pan, then aperture 100 tends to close, i.e. the short way of opening 120 becomes smaller and the long way of opening 125 becomes longer. Note, however, that cross strands may be conceptualized running vertically through the structure. As shown in FIG. 6, such a cross strand might be formed of segments 115 b, 115 d, 115 f, 115 h or of segments 115 a, 115 c, 115 e, 115 g. If the ends of a cross strand are fixed in place at the perimeter of seat pan 60 and a force 85 applies load to the seat pan, then aperture 100 tends to become more opened, i.e. the short way of opening 120 becomes longer and the long way of opening 125 becomes smaller. In either event, the strands and cross strands, each having their ends constrained, are placed in tension by an applied load. The interplay between strands and cross strands is not completely understood and can become quite complex depending upon the way in which these strands and cross strands are constrained at the perimeter of the seat pan by supporting means 40.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8, seat pan 60 is shown having support by supporting means 40 at two opposed sides along its perimeter. However, other methods of supporting seat pan 60 (and thus constraining selected strands and cross strands) may be used depending upon the desired expansion characteristics required to provide a given quality of energy absorption. FIGS. 7a through 7 e show a number of different support methods, depending upon the shape of seat pan 60.
FIGS. 7a and 7 b show two different methods by which seat pan 60 having a rectangular shape is supported by a single support along two opposed sides. Note in FIG. 7a that the expanded material comprising seat pan 60 may be oriented either with the long way of opening in the direction from support 130 to support 135 or the short way of opening in the direction from support 130 to support 135; the load-deflection curve of each orientation is radically different.
FIGS. 7c and 7 d show two different support methods by which a seat pan has four points of support, one on each of its four sides. The seat pan in FIG. 7c is supported at 150, 155, 160, and 165, and the seat pan in FIG. 7d is supported at 170, 175, 180, and 185. However, the lengths of the sides in FIG. 7d differ from those in FIG. 7c. Again, the apertures of the seat pan in FIG. 7c can be oriented so that either the long way of opening or the short way of opening is in a direction from support 150 to support 165. The same general rule holds true for FIG. 7d.
FIG. 7e depicts a support scheme whereby two supports are provided along each of two opposed sides, again providing four points of support identified by 190, 195, 200, and 205.
The material chosen for the expanded metal sheet of a seat pan and considered to the best embodiment for use in seating applications is an aluminum or steel alloy with sufficient elongation prior to failure to allow a high degree of plastic deformation. In this application both aluminum and steel alloys have the desirable properties of light weight, ease of forming, sufficient strength to support desired loads, low cost, and fire resistance. These properties make the material useful in seating applications involving aircraft, helicopters, and automobiles.
Any seating apparatus for use in aviation applications must meet certain standards under the current regulations (Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or 14 CFR.) governing the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In particular, Part 23 of the FAA regulations requires that the seat design must be capable of surviving an impact of not less than 32 feet per second at 60 degrees positive pitch while peak deceleration must be at least 19 g and within 0.05 seconds after impact. A seating design employing a seat pan manufactured according to the principles herein described can be configured, as shall be presently be seen, such that it plastically deforms so as to absorb the indicated load but at lower values it elastically keeps its shape and configuration. The range of deflection for a nonisotropic material is determined by the orientation of the applied load. The configuration of the seat pan is chosen so that it returns elastically to its normal shape for loads within the normal operating range of the vehicle and plastically deforms for values in the plastic range for loads greater than the normal operating range, the seat pan deforms plastically, thereby absorbing energy and reducing the load applied to the occupant. It was found during testing that the energy-absorbing characteristics of the seat pan could be empirically tailored to specific requirements by varying (1) the composition of the material, (2) the thickness of the material, (3) the shape of the apertures, (4) the orientation of the apertures, (5) the method of attachment of the seat pan to the support means, and (6) the shape of the seat pan.
In a test case, an energy absorbing seat pan was designed and fabricated with the proper selection of material and a shape, as described in this disclosure, to meet the impact attenuation requirements given above. By extension, the design parameters can be selected to meet a wide variety of occupant protection requirements.
Seat pans with various combinations of pan material, pan shape, aperture size, and aperture orientation were tested statically to establish the load/deflection and energy absorbing characteristics of such combinations when subjected to loads beyond the elastic limit. Support members 45 and 50 of the seat pan in FIG. 1 were located at a distance of 16.0 inches from centerline to centerline. The seat pan 60 was attached to support members 45, 50 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. In order to represent expected conditions of use, the seat pans were covered with various combinations of polyurethane and polyethelene foam. Tests were conducted using an anthropometric loading shape to represent the loads exerted by a human torso.
The static tests indicated that there were two preferred combinations of parameters that provided the desired load/deflection characteristics. In both cases, the seat pan was fabricated from 1004/1006 expanded low carbon steel. The thickness of the material was 0.034 inch and the opening size of the expanded metal was 0.40 inch (short way of opening) by 0.80 inch (long way of opening). The width of the pan was 15.0 inches. In the first test case, the orientation of the apertures mesh was with the long way of opening in the direction of the supporting structure. In the second test case, the orientation of the apertures was with the short way of opening in the direction of the supporting structure.
Dynamic tests of the seat pan and support structure were performed on an impact sled at the Federal Aviation Administration Aeromedical Center in Oklahoma City, Okla., under conditions meeting the testing requirements of Part 23 of 14 CFR. The anthropometric dummy used for the tests represented a 50 percentile male and was fitted with load measuring devices to record spinal loads. Both aperture orientations were tested. The seat pan configured according to the second test case, with the short way of opening running in the direction of the supporting points, was found to be successful in meeting the 14 CFR requirements when the width of the seat pan was tapered from 15.0 inches at the rear support member 50 to 10.0 inches at the forward support member 45. This preferred embodiment as described above is shown in FIG. 7b. Tests of the orientation of the first test case confirmed that the dynamic response characteristics of the seat pan could be varied by the selection of aperture orientations, as well as the other design parameters noted above.
Actual deformation mechanics on a microstructural or finite element analysis of this energy-absorbing structure are extremely detailed and complex. It should be recognized that the disclosed invention encompasses all possible configurations of slitted metal and deformation mechanics. While only a preferred embodiment has been illustrated and described, obvious modifications may be made within the scope of this invention and the claims without substantially changing its functions. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
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Other Services
Home Equity Loans
With a Consumer First American Bank & Trust Checking Account.3 Offer ends June 30, 2015.
Subject to credit approval. Offer limited to new home equity lines of credit only, secured by a valid first or second lien position on an owner-occupied dwelling. Mobile homes are eligible. Property insurance and appraisal will be required. Flood insurance may also be required if applicable. Please consult a tax advisor regarding deductibility of interest.
Minimum of $10,000 initial draw at closing is required. Introductory annual percentage rate will not increase for the first 12 billing cycles of the new account. Introductory rate offer cannot be combined with any other pricing discounts.
After the introductory period, the interest rate will vary based on Wall Street Journal Prime (as of 1/1/15 prime rate was 3.25%) plus a margin. Rates range from prime (3.25% as of 1/1/15) to prime plus 2% APR as of 1/1/15 after introductory rate. APR is based on several factors including credit history, Loan to Value (LTV), and lien status. An increase in the rate will result in higher payments. APR is subject to a minimum floor of 3.25% the maximum rate is 18%. Loan to value < 80% for home equity lines of credit greater than $40,000.
If the consumer has a deposit account with First American Bank & Trust, closing costs will be paid by First American Bank & Trust. Generally, closing costs can range from $300 to $4,000. If the line is terminated within 24 months of the account agreement, an early account termination fee of third party charges not to exceed $500 paid by the bank will be charged to the customer.
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DEFINITION of 'Taxable Municipal Bond'
A fixed-income security issued by a local government such as a city or county or related agencies, the income from which is not exempt from tax. Taxable municipal bonds are generally issued to finance a project or activity that does not provide a major benefit to the public. In such cases, the federal government will not permit the tax-exemption that is a prominent feature of most municipal bonds.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'Taxable Municipal Bond'
Most municipal bonds are tax exempt. Since income from such non tax exempt bonds is taxable in the hands of the investor, they offer risk-adjusted yields that are comparable to those available from other taxable entities such as corporate bonds, rather than tax-exempt munis.
Examples of situations where taxable municipal bonds may be issued include financing local sports facilities or funding an under-funded municipal pension plan. Build America Bonds (BABs) are an example of taxable municipal bonds; they were created under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and, although taxable, have special tax credits and federal subsidies for either the bond issuer or holder.
Bond BankA state-level entity that provides that state's smaller public ...
Tax-Exempt SectorThe market niche comprised of investment vehicles exempt from ...
Build America Bonds - BABsTaxable municipal bonds that feature tax credits and/or federal ...
Municipals-Over-Bonds Spread - ...The difference in yields between a municipal bond and a Treasury ...
Tax-Equivalent YieldThe pretax yield that a taxable bond needs to possess for its ...
Municipal BondA debt security issued by a state, municipality or county to ...
What is the difference between municipal bonds and standard money market funds?The primary difference between municipal bonds - also known as "munis" - and money market funds is that municipal bonds are ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the main risks to the economy of a country that has implemented a policy ...The main risk to the economy of a country that has implemented a policy of austerity is the potential for a self-reinforcing, ... Read Full Answer >>
What is meant by off-the-run treasuries?Off-the-run Treasuries have already been published and are currently out on the market. Yield and price quotes published ... Read Full Answer >>
How can I tell if a security is considered investment grade?It is possible to tell if a security is considered to be investment grade by looking at that security's ratings with either ... Read Full Answer >>
What is the difference between a bank guarantee and a bond?A bank guarantee is a promise from a bank or lending institution that, if a borrower defaults on repayment of a loan, the ... Read Full Answer >>
In a repurchase agreement (repo) why is a longer tenor more risky?A repurchase, or repo, agreement is a financial contract in which one party agrees to sell a security to a second party and ... Read Full Answer >>
Bonds & Fixed Income
The Basics Of Municipal BondsInvesting in these bonds may offer a tax-free income stream but they are not without risks.
Avoid Tricky Tax Issues On Municipal BondsLearn the rules every investor should know before buying into this "tax-free" investment.
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Bond Portfolios Made EasyBonds have typically been viewed as stocks' less-glamorous sidekick, but they deserve a little more respect from investors.
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Build America Bonds: Should You Buy?BABs are part of the recovery act created by the Obama administration. Find out how they work and whether they could work for you.
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Municipalities Free Up Cash With Chapter 9Find out what happens to municipalities when they need money, but have no other option than bankruptcy.
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What's a Debt Security?A debt security is a financial instrument issued by a company (usually a publicly traded corporation) and sold to an investor.
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Why You May Want To Be (And Stay) In BondsBonds are complicated, and it's easy to feel intimidated or confused. Fortunately, you don't need to be a numbers geek to be an informed investor.
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How To Short The U.S. Bond MarketThe U.S. bond market has enjoyed a strong bull run over the past few years as the Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates to historic low levels.
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The EMAG Emerging Mkts Bond ETF: Worth the Risk?The Market Vectors Emerging Markets Aggregate Bond ETF (EMAG) might offer long-term rewards, but is now the best time to jump in?
Feeling Risk-Averse? Consider These InvestmentsThese investments offer risk-averse investors resiliency to bear markets while paying sustainable dividends or interest.


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DEFINITION of 'Depository Transfer Check - DTC '
A check used by a designated collection bank for depositing the daily receipts of a corporation from multiple locations. Depository transfer checks are one method of ensuring better cash management for companies that collect cash at multiple locations.
A third-party information service first transfers data on the day's receipts from the facility manager at each location to a concentration bank. Based on that data, the concentration bank then creates DTCs for each deposit location and enters them into the check-processing system.
A DTC is also known as a "depository transfer draft."
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'Depository Transfer Check - DTC '
A DTC looks like a personal check, except that "Depository Transfer Check" is written across the top center of the face of the check, and the DTC does not bear a signature.
ACH has gradually dislodged DTC-based systems because it is faster, cheaper and more efficient. Firms that are not part of an ACH network must still use DTCs.
CheckA written, dated and signed instrument that contains an unconditional ...
Account Analysis1. In cost accounting, this is a way for an accountant to analyze ...
Automated Clearing House - ACHAn electronic funds-transfer system run by the National Automated ...
Bank StatementA record, usually sent to the account holder once per month, ...
Straight CreditA type of letter of credit. A straight credit can only be paid ...
Glass-Steagall ActAn act the U.S. Congress passed in 1933 as the Banking Act, which ...
What is the difference between a correspondent bank and intermediary bank?Correspondent and intermediary banks serve as third-party banks that coordinate with beneficiary banks to facilitate international ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the main benchmarks that track the banking sector?The appropriate benchmarks for tracking banking sector performance depend on the type of banking. For instance, commercial-only ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the major categories of financial institutions and what are their primary ...In today's financial services marketplace, a financial institution exists to provide a wide variety of deposit, lending and ... Read Full Answer >>
What's the difference between investment banks and commercial banks?Investment banking and commercial banking are two divisions of the banking industry that provide substantially different ... Read Full Answer >>
What are the most common instances to use hire purchases in a small business?Hire purchases are commonly used to acquire high-dollar business assets, such as technology equipment, transportation fleets ... Read Full Answer >>
What is the difference between an investment and a retail bank?The activities and types of clients for an investment bank versus those for a retail bank highlight the primary difference ... Read Full Answer >>
Options & Futures
The Ins And Outs Of Bank FeesThese service charges could nickel and dime you right out of your nest egg.
Your First Checking AccountThis owner's manual will show you what to expect from your bank.
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Choose To Beat The BankFrom internet banking to credit unions, it's in your power to cut fees and maximize service.
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Demystification Of Bank AccountsFind out which type of account suits your specific needs.
Investing Basics
What Does a Financial Intermediary Do?A financial intermediary is an institution that acts as a go-between in a financial transaction.
Credit & Loans
What is a Financial Institution?A financial institution is in business to, among other things, accept deposits, make loans, exchange currencies, and broker investment securities.
What Does Principal Mean?For banks, principal refers to the amount due on a loan, and is used to calculate interest payments.
Explaining Prime RatePrime rate is the interest rate banks charge their best (e.g. prime) customers.
What's a Correspondent Bank?A correspondent bank is a bank that acts on behalf of another bank, usually a foreign bank.
Investing Basics
Explaining Banker's AcceptancesA banker's acceptance (BA) is a way for two unfamiliar parties to transact business on credit.


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Swaras Launch Speciality Indian Classical Ragas Album Series
swaras-indian-classical-albumSwaras, coined from the words, 'swar' (musical note) and 'rasa' (emotion) is a music album series conceptualized to preserve and disseminate the definite art of music, with 'ragas' in particular. Indian Classical Music has developed continuously from the ancient chanting style down to the principles of dance, music and drama.
Classical Indian Ragas are both elaborate and expressive. They are designed to have a therapeutic effect in the body by activating specific chakras, allowing the Kundalini to rise. Each raga has a corresponding "rasa' or emotion. This is one of the gifts of Indian Classical Music to the world. It's not just sharing music but also by connecting one's self with the therapeutic benefits of ragas to the mind and body, creating energy balance to individuals, and to the society as a whole.
In an effort to preserve the music creations and emotions of ragas merged with artists' style, voice and instruments, Guitarmonk Records came up with the Swaras Album Series concept. Volume 1 of the Swaras Album is presented with the use of various Hindustani music instruments like sarod, violin, slide guitar, vocal and tabla. It is also one way of bringing closer to the masses the once too sophisticated classical music. It's for the common folks time to enjoy and appreciate its aesthetic values and variations. To listen music: http://guitarmonkrecords.com/product/swaras-volume-1/
Different talents and artists are also set to benefit from the Swaras Album concept, as their talents will not only be heard once they get connected to the right platform and promotions but it will also help them generate royalty.
Support our very own music, support the local artists and do your share by preserving Indian Classical Music. Visit www.guitarmonkrecords,com to see how you can take part in this cause.
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