text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
E-Print Network 3.0 - air soil water Sample Search Results
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
iii. Soil-Plant Relationships iv. Cation exchange IV. Pollution of Water, Soil, and Air: (Lecture... unsaturated unsteady water flow X. Gaseous Phase of Soils (Hillel pages...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air water soil Sample Search Results
Responses of soil respiration to elevated CO2, air warming, and changing soil water availability in an old-field grassland
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
Responses of soil respiration to atmospheric and climatic change will have profound impacts on ecosystem and global C cycling in the future. This study was conducted to examine effects on soil respiration of the concurrent driving factors of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, rising temperature, and changing precipitation in a constructed old-field grassland in eastern Tennessee, USA. Model ecosystems of seven old-field species in 12 open-top chambers (4 m in diameter) were treated with two CO2 (ambient and ambient plus 300 ppm) and two temperature (ambient and ambient plus 3 C) levels. Two split plots with each chamber were assigned with high and low soil moisture levels. During the 19-month experimental period from June 2003 to December 2004, higher CO2 concentration and soil water availability significantly increased mean soil respiration by 35.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The effects of air warming on soil respiration varied seasonally from small reductions to significant increases to no response, and there was no significant main effect. In the wet side of elevated CO2 chambers, air warming consistently caused increases in soil respiration, whereas in other three combinations of CO2 and water treatments, warming tended to decrease soil respiration over the growing season but increase it over the winter. There were no interactive effects on soil respiration among any two or three treatment factors irrespective of testing time period. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was reduced by air warming, lower in the wet than the dry side, and not affected by CO2 treatment. Variations of soil respiration responses with soil temperature and soil moisture ranges could be primarily attributable to the seasonal dynamics of plant growth and its responses to the three treatments. Using a conceptual model to interpret the significant relationships of treatment-induced changes in soil respiration with changes in soil temperature and moisture observed in this study, we conclude that elevated CO2, air warming, and changing soil water availability had both direct and indirect effects on soil respiration via changes in the three controlling factors: soil temperature, soil moisture, and C substrate. Our results demonstrate that the response of soil respiration to climatic warming should not be represented in models as a simple temperature response function. A more mechanistic understanding of the direct and indirect impacts of concurrent global change drivers on soil respiration is needed to facilitate the interpretation and projection of ecosystem and global C cycling in response to atmospheric and climate change.
Wan, Shiqiang [Chinese Academy of Sciences; Norby, Richard J [ORNL; Childs, Joanne [ORNL; Weltzin, Jake [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
Applicability of CS616 Soil Water Sensors for South
E-Print Network [OSTI]
site water balance Image from: (Migliaccio 2007) #12;Background Soil Water Sensors Time DomainApplicability of CS616 Soil Water Sensors for South Florida Urban Soils Kevin Koryto Water: Determine if CS616 soil water sensors are functioning adequately at field site. Hypothesis: Presence of air
Migliaccio, Kati White
Surface Environmental Surveillance Project: Locations Manual Volume 1 � Air and Water Volume 2 � Farm Products, Soil & Vegetation, and Wildlife
This report describes all environmental monitoring locations associated with the Surface Environmental Surveillance Project. Environmental surveillance of the Hanford site and surrounding areas is conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Sampling is conducted to evaluate levels of radioactive and nonradioactive pollutants in the Hanford environs, as required in DOE Order 450.1, Environmental Protection Program, and DOE Order 5400.5, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment. The environmental surveillance sampling design is described in the Hanford Site Environmental Monitoring Plan, United States Department of Energy, Richland Operation Office (DOE/RL-91-50). This document contains the locations of sites used to collect samples for the Surface Environmental Surveillance Project (SESP). Each section includes directions, maps, and pictures of the locations. A general knowledge of roads and highways on and around the Hanford Site is necessary to successfully use this manual. Supplemental information (Maps, Gazetteer, etc.) may be necessary if user is unfamiliar with local routes. The SESP is a multimedia environmental surveillance effort to measure the concentrations of radionuclides and chemicals in environmental media to demonstrate compliance with applicable environmental quality standards and public exposure limits, and assessing environmental impacts. Project personnel annually collect selected samples of ambient air, surface water, agricultural products, fish, wildlife, and sediments. Soil and vegetation samples are collected approximately every 5 years. Analytical capabilities include the measurement of radionuclides at very low environmental concentrations and, in selected media, nonradiological chemicals including metals, anions, volatile organic compounds, and total organic carbon.
Fritz, Brad G.; Patton, Gregory W.; Stegen, Amanda; Poston, Ted M.
Soil and Water Conservation (Indiana)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The Indiana Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts is an association of the 92 soil and water conservation districts, each representing one of the 92 Indiana counties.
Soil and Water Conservation (Virginia)
Soil and water conservation districts (SWCDs) were established in the 1930s to develop comprehensive programs and plans to conserve soil resources, control and prevent soil erosion, prevent floods...
Soil and Water Conservation (Texas)
The Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board is established to encourage and oversee soil-conserving land-use practices, and to provide for the conservation of soil and related resources and...
Soil and Water Conservation (Florida)
Florida�s 62 Soil and Water Conservation Districts were established in 1937 under Chapter 582 Florida Statutes. The law was based on federal model legislation to establish Soil and Water...
On-Farm Soil Monitoring for Water
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Soil quality and soil management resources the air which helps build soil organic matter and tilth, and sustains the soil resource for future generations and other species. Improving and protecting soil quality can help support sustainable crop
Holland, Jeffrey
A study on the air permeability as affected by compression of three French soils
by changing the soil structure and the physical properties of soils. It changes the mechanical strength, water of the changes in soil mechanical strength, aeration and hydraulic properties (Horn et al., 1995; Kozlowski, 19991 A study on the air permeability as affected by compression of three French soils Anh Minh Tang 1
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Soil and Water Conservation Spring 2014
of the interconnectedness of soil and water conservation. The course focusses on soil and water management as it relates to relevant issues surrounding agriculture and sustainability. Concepts include current soil and water and societal issues. Course Goals: Understand the basic principles of soil and water management
Ma, Lena
focusses on soil and water management as it relates to relevant issues surrounding agriculture and sustainability. Concepts include current soil and water resources, historical erosion and sedimentation problems principles of soil and water management and conservation. 2. Discuss strategies for soil or water
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--Water Erosion
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--Water Erosion USDA, Natural Resources and removal of soil material by water. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. The rate of erosion may be very slow to very rapid, depending on the soil, the local landscape, and weather conditions
soils.ifas.ufl.edu Soil & Water Science Department
interested in courses that emphasize sustainability, resource management, valuation of ecosystem servicessoils.ifas.ufl.edu UF/IFAS Soil & Water Science Department DISTANCE EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAMS #12;SOIL AND WATER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT The Soil and Water Science Department at the University of Florida
Watson, Craig A.
CROP & SOIL SCIENCES Water Policy and Management
CROP & SOIL SCIENCES Water Policy and Management Committee Membership Dr. David Radcliffe - committee chair Dr. George Vellidis Department of Crop & Soil Sciences Department of Crop & Soil Sciences & Soil Sciences Department of Crop & Soil Sciences University of Georgia University of Georgia Stripling
Arnold, Jonathan
Irrigation Monitoring with Soil Water Sensors
Monitoring soil water content is essential if growers want to optimize production, conserve water, reduce environmental impacts and save money. This publication illustrates how soil moisture monitoring can improve irrigation decisions and how...
Enciso, Juan; Porter, Dana; Peries, Xavier
This air emissions document supports implementation of the Treatability Test Plan for Soil Desiccation as outlined in the Deep Vadose Zone Treatability Test Plan for the Hanford Central Plateau (DOE/RL-2007-56). Treatability testing supports evaluation of remedial technologies for technetium-99 (Tc-99) contamination in the vadose zone at sites such as the BC Cribs and Trenches. Soil desiccation has been selected as the first technology for testing because it has been recommended as a promising technology in previous Hanford Site technology evaluations and because testing of soil desiccation will provide useful information to enhance evaluation of other technologies, in particular gas-phase remediation technologies. A soil desiccation pilot test (SDPT) will evaluate the desiccation process (e.g., how the targeted interval is dried) and the long-term performance for mitigation of contaminant transport. The SDPT will dry out a moist zone contaminated by Tc-99 and nitrate that has been detected at Well 299-E13-62 (Borehole C5923). This air emissions document applies to the activities to be completed to conduct the SDPT in the 200-BC-1 operable unit located in the 200 East Area of the Hanford Site. Well 299-E13-62 is planned to be used as an injection well. This well is located between and approximately equidistant from cribs 216-B-16, 216-B-17, 216-B-18. and 216-B-19. Nitrogen gas will be pumped at approximately 300 ft{sup 3}/min into the 299-EI3-62 injection well, located approximately 12 m (39 ft) away from extraction well 299-EI3-65. The soil gas extraction rate will be approximately 150 ft{sup 3}/min. The SDPT will be conducted continuously over a period of approximately six months. The purpose of the test is to evaluate soil desiccation as a potential remedy for protecting groundwater. A conceptual depiction is provided in Figure 1. The soil desiccation process will physically dry, or evaporate, some of the water from the moist zone of interest. As such, it is expected that Tc-99 and nitrate will remain with the water residual that is not removed, or remain as a salt bound to the soil particles. In addition, the SDPT will be conducted at lower extraction velocities to preclude pore water entrainment and thus, the extracted air effluent should be free of the contaminant residual present in the targeted moist zone. However, to conservatively bound the planned activity for potential radionuclide air emissions, it is assumed, hypothetically, that the Tc-99 does not remain in the zone of interest, but that it instead travels with the evaporated moisture to the extraction well and to the test equipment at the land surface. Thus, a release potential would exist from the planned point source (powered exhaust) for Tc-99 in the extracted moist air. In this hypothetical bounding case there would also be a potential for very minor fugitive emissions to occur due to nitrogen injection into the soil. The maximum value for Tc-99, measured in the contaminated moist zone, is used in calculating the release potential described in Section 2.3. The desiccation mechanism will be evaporation. Nitrate is neither a criteria pollutant nor a toxic air pollutant. It would remain nitrate as a salt adhered to sand and silt grains or as nitrate dissolved in the pore water. Nitrogen, an inert gas, will be injected into the ground during the test. Tracer gasses will also be injected near the beginning, middle, and the end of the test. The tracer gasses are sulfur hexafluoride, trichlorofluoromethane, and difluoromethane.
Analysis of Water Modeling of Air Entrainment
Analysis of Water Modeling of Air Entrainment S.C. Jain Professor and Research Engineer Dept. Civil, C., "Analysis of Water Modeling of Air Entrainment," in Proceedings of the 48th SFSA Technical An analysis is reported of the water modeling experiments of Bates et al. (1994) to study air entrainment
Beckermann, Christoph
IntegratedScienceWorkingforYou Air, Water,
IntegratedScienceWorkingforYou Air, Water, and Aquatic Environments Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Montana ecosystem restoration treatments . . . . .4 RPA Assessment: U .S . water supply shortage . . .4 Aviationpersonnelexposuretowildfirerisk . . . .5
Global climate change will affect air, water in California
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis. Hechange will affect air, water in California Bryan C. Wearelikely to include reduced water availability and quality,
Weare, Bryan C.
DIVISION S-6--SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates soil column within 20 yr following culti- Carbon sequestration rates, with a change from CT to NT, can in approximately 40 to and returning to the original land cover or other peren- 60 yr. Carbon sequestration rates
Soil and Water Conservation Districts (South Carolina)
Soil and Water Conservation Districts are local governmental subdivisions of the state of South Carolina, established to provide for land and water conservation and prevent erosion in the state....
Water as a Reagent for Soil Remediation
SRI International conducted experiments in a two-year, two-phase process to develop and evaluate hydrothermal extraction technology, also known as hot water extraction (HWE) technology, for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. The bench-scale demonstration of the process has shown great promise, and the implementation of this technology will revolutionize the conventional use of water in soil remediation technologies and provide a standalone technology for removal of both volatile and heavy components from contaminated soil.
Jayaweera, Indira S.; Marti-Perez, Montserrat; Diaz-Ferrero, Jordi; Sanjurjo, Angel
Effects of aluminosilicate minerals in clay soil fractions on pore water hydroxide ion concentrations in soil/cement matrices
form of montmorillonite, with 0. 5, 10, 20, and 40 percent bentonite by total, air-dry weight were mixed with Type I Portland cement at 10, 20, and 30 percent cement by weight of air-dry soil. Pore water was expressed and analyzed for hydroxide, calcium...
Cook, Evan Russell
Air bubbles clean produced water for reinjection
The reuse of produced water in a waterflood may be hazardous to the health and wealth of the reservoir. Disposal of produced water and finding a new source of water for a waterflood can double your costs. Air flotation is being tested to rehabilitate produced water on a lease in eastern Kansas. The use of air flotation in the oil field is at least forty years old. However, many operators are reluctant to spend the capital for surface equipment to assure a supply of good quality water for their waterflood operation. Before the installation of the air flotation unit only the produced water was filtered through a 75-micron bag and the filter water was then added to the make-up water. Seventy-five micron cartridge filters were used at the wellhead. Both the plant and wellhead filters required frequent replacement. Injection wells averaged more than one cleaning and acidization per year. Since installation of the air flotation unit, the combined produced and makeup water is passed through either a 25-or 10-micron bag filter in the plant and a 10-micron cartridge at the wellhead. The results of the test being conducted by an independent oil operator show a reduction in the cost for the water injection system. This study is part of the Department of Energy Class I PONS with independent oil operators.
Michnick, M.J. [Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States)
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) and air injection well testing was performed at the Dynamic Underground Stripping (DUS) site located near the M-Area Settling Basin (referred to as DUS II in this report). The objective of this testing was to determine the effectiveness of continued operation of these systems. Steam injection ended on September 19, 2009 and since this time the extraction operations have utilized residual heat that is present in the subsurface. The well testing campaign began on June 5, 2012 and was completed on June 25, 2012. Thirty-two (32) SVE wells were purged for 24 hours or longer using the active soil vapor extraction (ASVE) system at the DUS II site. During each test five or more soil gas samples were collected from each well and analyzed for target volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The DUS II site is divided into four parcels (see Figure 1) and soil gas sample results show the majority of residual VOC contamination remains in Parcel 1 with lesser amounts in the other three parcels. Several VOCs, including tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), were detected. PCE was the major VOC with lesser amounts of TCE. Most soil gas concentrations of PCE ranged from 0 to 60 ppmv with one well (VEW-22A) as high as 200 ppmv. Air sparging (AS) generally involves the injection of air into the aquifer through either vertical or horizontal wells. AS is coupled with SVE systems when contaminant recovery is necessary. While traditional air sparging (AS) is not a primary component of the DUS process, following the cessation of steam injection, eight (8) of the sixty-three (63) steam injection wells were used to inject air. These wells were previously used for hydrous pyrolysis oxidation (HPO) as part of the DUS process. Air sparging is different from the HPO operations in that the air was injected at a higher rate (20 to 50 scfm) versus HPO (1 to 2 scfm). . At the DUS II site the air injection wells were tested to determine if air sparging affected VOC soil gas concentrations during ASVE. Five (5) SVE wells that were located closest to the air injection wells were used as monitoring points during the air sparging tests. The air sparging tests lasted 48 hours. Soil gas sample results indicate that sparging did not affect VOC concentrations in four of the five sparging wells, while results from one test did show an increase in soil gas concentrations.
Noonkester, J.; Jackson, D.; Jones, W.; Hyde, W.; Kohn, J.; Walker, R.
Biodegradation of jet fuel in vented columns of water-unsaturated sandy soil. Master's thesis
The effect of soil water content on the rate of jet fuel (JP-4) biodegradation in air-vented, water-unsaturated columns of sandy soil was investigated. The contaminated soil was obtained from a spill site located on Tyndall AFB, Fla. The initial soil loading was 4590 mg of JP-4/kg of dry soil. Three laboratory columns were packed with the contaminated soil, saturated and drained for periods of 81-89 days. Two columns were continuously vented with air, and the third, intended to provide an anaerobic control, was vented with nitrogen. The venting gas flows were maintained between 1 and 2.5 soil pore volume changeouts per day. The total JP-4 removal in the air-vented columns averaged 44% of the mass originally present. Biodegradation and volatilization accounted for 93% and 7% of the total removal, respectively. A maximum biodegradation rate of 14.3 mg of JP-4/kg of moist soil per day was observed at a soil water content of approximately 72% saturation. Soil drainage characteristics indicated that this water content may have corresponded to 100% of the in situ field capacity water content. Theses.
Coho, J.W.
Soil and Water Conservation Policy (Minnesota)
This statute establishes that it is the responsibility of land occupiers to implement practices that conserve soil and water resources, and the policy of the state encourages them to do so.
Impact of Soil Type and Compaction Conditions on Soil Water Characteristic
Impact of Soil Type and Compaction Conditions on Soil Water Characteristic C. J. Miller, M.ASCE1 the variation of water content and pore water suction for compacted clayey soils. The soils had varying amounts of clay fraction with plasticities ranging from low to high plasticity. The unsaturated soil behavior
Yu, Sheng-Tao
SRI International conducted experiments in a two-year, two-phase process to develop and evaluate hydrothermal extraction technology, also known as hot water extraction (HWE) technology, to separate petroleum-related contaminants and other hazardous pollutants from soil and sediments. In this process, water with added electrolytes (inexpensive and environmentally friendly) is used as the extracting solvent under subcritical conditions (150-300 C). The use of electrolytes allows us to operate reactors under mild conditions and to obtain high separation efficiencies that were hitherto impossible. Unlike common organic solvents, water under subcritical conditions dissolves both organics and inorganics, thus allowing opportunities for separation of both organic and inorganic material from soil. In developing this technology, our systematic approach was to (1) establish fundamental solubility data, (2) conduct treatability studies with industrial soils, and (3) perform a bench-scale demonstration using a highly contaminated soil. The bench-scale demonstration of the process has shown great promise. The next step of the development process is the successful pilot demonstration of this technology. Once pilot tested, this technology can be implemented quite easily, since most of the basic components are readily available from mature technologies (e.g., steam stripping, soil washing, thermal desorption). The implementation of this technology will revolutionize the conventional use of water in soil remediation technologies and will provide a stand-alone technology for removal of both volatile and heavy components from contaminated soil.
Indira S. Jayaweera; Montserrat Marti-Perez; Jordi Diaz-Ferrero; Angel Sanjurjo
Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Act, Soil and Water Conservation District, and Council on Soil and Water Conservation Regulations (Connecticut)
These regulations establish Soil and Water Conservation Districts throughout the State of Connecticut. Each district has its own Board of Directors; membership and election procedures are defined...
In situ soil reclamation by air stripping and sludge uptake
of Advisory Committee: Dr. Robin L. Autenrieth. A laboratory scale study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of an in-situ soil reclamation technique combining physical and biological processes. The methodology involves soil stripping of volatile... 3. Incineranon 4. Deep Well Injection B. Purpose of Remediation C. Objectives of the study II LlTERATURE REVIEW A. In-situ Techniques 1. Chemical Reactions 2, Biological Treatment 3. Air Stripping . 4. Thermal Treatment B. On...
Carden?osa-Mendoza, Mauricio
Air and water cooled modulator
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A compact high power magnetic compression apparatus and method for delivering high voltage pulses of short duration at a high repetition rate and high peak power output which does not require the use of environmentally unacceptable fluids such as chlorofluorocarbons either as a dielectric or as a coolant, and which discharges very little waste heat into the surrounding air. A first magnetic switch has cooling channels formed therethrough to facilitate the removal of excess heat. The first magnetic switch is mounted on a printed circuit board. A pulse transformer comprised of a plurality of discrete electrically insulated and magnetically coupled units is also mounted on said printed board and is electrically coupled to the first magnetic switch. The pulse transformer also has cooling means attached thereto for removing heat from the pulse transformer. A second magnetic switch also having cooling means for removing excess heat is electrically coupled to the pulse transformer. Thus, the present invention is able to provide high voltage pulses of short duration at a high repetition rate and high peak power output without the use of environmentally unacceptable fluids and without discharging significant waste heat into the surrounding air.
Birx, Daniel L. (Oakley, CA); Arnold, Phillip A. (Livermore, CA); Ball, Don G. (Livermore, CA); Cook, Edward G. (Livermore, CA)
A compact high power magnetic compression apparatus and method are disclosed for delivering high voltage pulses of short duration at a high repetition rate and high peak power output which does not require the use of environmentally unacceptable fluids such as chlorofluorocarbons either as a dielectric or as a coolant, and which discharges very little waste heat into the surrounding air. A first magnetic switch has cooling channels formed therethrough to facilitate the removal of excess heat. The first magnetic switch is mounted on a printed circuit board. A pulse transformer comprised of a plurality of discrete electrically insulated and magnetically coupled units is also mounted on said printed board and is electrically coupled to the first magnetic switch. The pulse transformer also has cooling means attached thereto for removing heat from the pulse transformer. A second magnetic switch also having cooling means for removing excess heat is electrically coupled to the pulse transformer. Thus, the present invention is able to provide high voltage pulses of short duration at a high repetition rate and high peak power output without the use of environmentally unacceptable fluids and without discharging significant waste heat into the surrounding air. 9 figs.
Birx, D.L.; Arnold, P.A.; Ball, D.G.; Cook, E.G.
Selenium in Oklahoma ground water and soil
Selenium with a consumption of 2 liters per day (5). The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the concentrations of Se in Oklahoma ground water and soil samples. (2) to map the geographical distribution of Se species in Oklahoma. (3) to relate groundwater depth, pH and geology with concentration of Se.
Atalay, A.; Vir Maggon, D.
Correlation of Oil-Water and Air-Water Contact Angles of Diverse...
Oil-Water and Air-Water Contact Angles of Diverse Silanized Surfaces and Relationship to Fluid Interfacial Correlation of Oil-Water and Air-Water Contact Angles of Diverse...
SIMULATION, MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A WATER TO AIR HEAT PUMP By ARUN SHENOY Bachelor December, 2004 #12;SIMULATION, MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A WATER TO AIR HEAT PUMP Thesis Approved................................................................3 2.1. Equation fit water to air heat pump and chiller models...............................3 2
Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration
Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Christoph Beckermann Associate Beckermann, C., "Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration," in Proceedings of the 46th, 1992. #12;Abstract This paper presents an analysis of water modeling of steel pouring to study (1) air
temperature, and this dependence was well described by an Arrhenius-type expression with an activation energy from the atmosphere are wet and dry deposition. Once entering a watershed via precipitation and dry deposition mercury can be transformed to more Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 122: 183202, 2000. © 2000
Folkins, Ian
Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Modeling at Low Water Content: Empirical and Semi-Empirical Approaches
Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Modeling at Low Water Content: Empirical and Semi model, the Modified Kovacs (MK) model for the determination of soil-water characteristic curve at the low water contents of two horizons of a soil from Burkina Faso. Combining terms from capillary state
Review of soil water models with respect to savanna hydrology�
Effective management leading towards sustainable rangeland production in arid and semi-arid regions will stem from effective soil water management and comprehension of the hydrological properties of the soil in relation to pastoralism. However...
Derry, Julian F; Russell, Graham; Liedloff, Adam C
2 15.10.2013 Joachim Dietle Optimisation of Air-Water HP's Optimisation of Air-Water Heat Pumps
-Water Heat Pumps Ziehl-Abegg SE System boundary Improve Air Flow of Fan Improve System Joachim Dietle.10.2013 Joachim Dietle Optimisation of Air-Water HP's System boundary Air Flow in Heat Pumps V q d p st p P P L fan )( 1 Relevant for cooling or heating! Optimise heat pump: reduce pressure drop increase
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
New Air and Water-Resistive Barrier Technologies for Commercial...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
New Air and Water-Resistive Barrier Technologies for Commercial Buildings Lead Performer: Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Oak Ridge, TN Partners: 3M - Minneapolis, MN DOE Funding:...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-to-water heat pump Sample Search Results
Fossil Fuels 20 piwf AFR ( )piwttp AkR Summary: for simulating refrigeration and air conditioning equipment of all types: air-to-air, air-to-water, water... flow is...
ENVXR 202: EARTH, AIR, WATER EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS for Water (W) 25 Feb 2003
ENVXR 202: EARTH, AIR, WATER EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS for Water (W) 25 Feb 2003 As we said about water and in deep water, watching the increase in amplitude of the motion when waves approach a shore...and make waves in deep water (at least 25 cm deep). How do they differ from waves in shallower water, say 5
Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act (Florida)
It is the policy of the state of Florida to protect, maintain, and improve the quality of the air and waters of the state. This Act authorizes the Department of Environmental Protection to enact...
Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, & Infant Mortality in India
Using the most comprehensive data file ever compiled on air pollution, water pollution, environmental regulations, and infant mortality from a developing country, the paper examines the effectiveness of India�s environmental ...
Greenstone, Michael
Soil and Vegetation Management: Keys to Water Conservation on Rangeland
The amount of water that soaks into the soil largely determines plant productivity. We can manage and conserve water where and when it falls, and by controlling the kind of vegetation we can make the fullest use of rain water. This publication...
Schuster, Joseph L.
Soil science Disinfection of drain water in greenhouses
Soil science Disinfection of drain water in greenhouses using a wet condensation heater C Steinberg November 1994) Summary � A wet condensation heater has been modified to disinfect drain water were introduced into the disinfection circuit above the heater. Water was checked downstream
A mathematical model for variation in water-retention curves among sandy soils
activity in soil varies with water content, soil texture and structure, temperature, energy and nutrientA mathematical model for variation in water-retention curves among sandy soils H.W. HUNT1 *, email@example.com Abstract: Equations were developed to predict soil matric potential as a function of soil water content
Wall, Diana
Water and Solute Flow in a Highly-Structured Soil
Prevention of groundwater contamination by agricultural activities is a high priority in the United States. Water and contaminants often follow particular flow paths through the soil that lead to rapid movement of pesticides out of the rootzone...
Hallmark, C. Tom; Wilding, Larry P.; McInnes, Kevin J.; Heuvelman, Willem J.
CCA Training : Soil and Water Management
dry 25,000,000 acresa Includes both external surfaces and surfaces between crystal plates. #12;The and nutrient transformations · Associated with soil porosity #12;Soil Physical Properties: Structure Properties: Structure · Structure type = aggregation has different shape and varies with depth Granular
Balser, Teri C.
Effect of moisture on air stripping of non volatile organic contaminants from soil
, a fluid phase and a solid phase, similar to the one used for packed bed adsorbers. Mass transfer between the phases was assumed to be controlled by sorption, with first order surface kinetics describing the change of contaminant concentration... . B. Objectives . . Page 1 2 A. Soil Composition and Interaction with Organic Compounds . . B. Effect of Soil Moisture on Contaminant Transport . C. Mathematical Modeling of Contaminant Transport in Soil . D. Air Stripping of Organic...
Alvarez, Roberto
CO2 CH4 flux Air temperature Soil temperature and Soil moisture, Barrow, Alaska 2013 ver. 1
DOE Data Explorer [Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)]
This dataset consists of field measurements of CO2 and CH4 flux, as well as soil properties made during 2013 in Areas A-D of Intensive Site 1 at the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE) Arctic site near Barrow, Alaska. Included are i) measurements of CO2 and CH4 flux made from June to September (ii) Calculation of corresponding Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and CH4 exchange (transparent minus opaque) between atmosphere and the ecosystem (ii) Measurements of Los Gatos Research (LGR) chamber air temperature made from June to September (ii) measurements of surface layer depth, type of surface layer, soil temperature and soil moisture from June to September.
Margaret Torn
Soil Science Society of America Journal Revealing Soil Structure and Functional Macroporosity
how fast water, greenhouse gases, vola- tile compounds, chemicals, and pollutants can enter and move ecosystem functions. In this study, soil physical measurements (soil-water retention and air permeability soil clay content, while significantly higher air permeability was observed for the l1 to l3 soils than
Wildenschild, Dorthe
Applying a Domestic Water-cooled Air-conditioner in Subtropical Cities
Water-cooled air-conditioning systems (WACS) are in general more energy efficient than air-cooled air-conditioning systems (AACS), especially in subtropical climates where the outdoor air is hot and humid. Related studies focused on evaluating...
Lee, W.; Chen, H.
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--Introduction
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--Introduction USDA, Natural Resources of the soil, the vegetation, the water, and the air as well as the ecological processes of the rangeland ecosystem are balanced and sustained. What is soil? Soil is a dynamic resource that supports plants
On the infiltration of rain water through the soil with runo# of the excess water
of drainage networks or other storm water control facilities, especially in urban areas. A complete 3D '' Viale Morgagni 67/A, 50134 Firenze, Italy Abstract This paper deals with the modelling of the rain waterOn the infiltration of rain water through the soil with runo# of the excess water Iacopo Borsi
Fasano, Antonio
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Soil and Water Science Department
OPTIONS IN SOIL & WATER SCIENCE Water Science Specialization Environmental Management in Agriculture 4233 Soil and Water Conservation 3 credits SWS 4245 Water Resource Sustainability 3 credits SWS 4307College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Soil and Water Science Department at the University
Effects of Woody Vegetation Removal on Soil Water Dynamics in a South Texas Shrubland
removal on various soil textures we studied changes in soil water, rooting depth, and the role of water redistribution by woody vegetation. Woody vegetation was removed using common methods of cut-stump and roller chop across three soil types. Soil water...
Mattox, April Marie
Research connects soil hydrology and stream water chemistry in California oak woodlands
Dahlgren RA, Tate KW. 2000. Hydrology in a California oakResearch connects soil hydrology and stream water chemistrybetween nitrogen cycling and soil hydrology in a manner that
O'Geen, Anthony T; Dahlgren, Randy A; Swarowsky, Alexandre; Tate, Kenneth W; Lewis, David J; Singer, Michael J
Water-to-Air Heat Pump Performance with Lakewater
The performance of water-to-air heat pumps using lakewater as the heat source and sink has been investigated. Direct cooling with deep lakewater has also been considered. Although the emphasis of the work was with southern lakes, many results also...
Kavanaugh, S.; Pezent, M. C.
The AIR, the WATER, the SUN, the DUST,
to chemicals on the job or elsewhere in the environment. Researchers at The National Institute of Environmental#12;The AIR, the WATER, the SUN, the DUST, PLANTS and ANIMALS, and the CHEMICALS and METALS of our also make some people sick.Here are some diseases that are related to your Allergies and Asthma (AZ
Bandettini, Peter A.
Impact of alfalfa on soil and water quality
Dominance of row crop agriculture in rolling landscapes of western and Southwestern Minnesota is identified as a primary, non-point source of sediments and associated pollutants reaching the Minnesota River. Currently as a biomass energy project, alfalfa is being promoted in western Minnesota to harvest the leaves for animal feed and stems to generate electricity. As a perennial, leguminous crop grown with minimum inputs, introduction of alfalfa in row cropped lands has potential to improve both in-situ soil productivity and downstream water quality. A field study was initiated in 1996 to compare the volume of runoff and pollutants coming from alfalfa an com-soybean fields in western Minnesota. Two pair of alfalfa and corn-soybean watersheds were instrumented at Morris in the Fall of 1996 to measure rainfall, runoff, and sample water for sediment load, phosphorus, nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. Simulated rainfall-runoff experiments were conducted on an existing crop rotation - input management study plots at Lamberton to evaluate soil quality effects of the inclusion of alfalfa in a corn-soybean rotation under manure and fertilization management schemes. Alfalfa soil water use as a function of frequency of harvest was also monitored at Morris to evaluate the effect of cutting schedule on soil water use. During the growing season of 1997, alfalfa under a two-cut management scheme used about 25-mm (an inch) more soil water than under a three-cut schedule. The mean differences between the treatments were not significant. The conclusions drawn in this report come from analysis of data collected during one winter-summer hydrologic and crop management cycle. Continued observations through a period of at least 3-5 years is recommended to improve the instrumentation robustness and discern the variability due to climate, soil, and crop management factors.
Sharma, P.; Moncrief, J.; Gupta, S.
Morphology of rain water channelization in systematically varied model sandy soils
We visualize the formation of fingered flow in dry model sandy soils under different raining conditions using a quasi-2d experimental set-up, and systematically determine the impact of soil grain diameter and surface wetting property on water channelization phenomenon. The model sandy soils we use are random closely-packed glass beads with varied diameters and surface treatments. For hydrophilic sandy soils, our experiments show that rain water infiltrates into a shallow top layer of soil and creates a horizontal water wetting front that grows downward homogeneously until instabilities occur to form fingered flows. For hydrophobic sandy soils, in contrast, we observe that rain water ponds on the top of soil surface until the hydraulic pressure is strong enough to overcome the capillary repellency of soil and create narrow water channels that penetrate the soil packing. Varying the raindrop impinging speed has little influence on water channel formation. However, varying the rain rate causes significant changes in water infiltration depth, water channel width, and water channel separation. At a fixed raining condition, we combine the effects of grain diameter and surface hydrophobicity into a single parameter and determine its influence on water infiltration depth, water channel width, and water channel separation. We also demonstrate the efficiency of several soil water improvement methods that relate to rain water channelization phenomenon, including pre-wetting sandy soils at different level before rainfall, modifying soil surface flatness, and applying superabsorbent hydrogel particles as soil modifiers.
Y. Wei; C. M. Cejas; R. Barrois; R. Dreyfus; D. J. Durian
E-Print Network 3.0 - air sparging optimization Sample Search...
shear forces in air sparged submerged hollow fiber membranes... . Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 217(1): 233-244. ... Source: Staub-French, Sheryl - Department of Civil...
Soil water and particle size distribution influence laboratory-generated PM10 Nicholaus M. Madden a,*, Randal J. Southard a
on gravimetric soil water content (GWC) and soil texture. A mechanical laboratory dust generator was used to testSoil water and particle size distribution influence laboratory-generated PM10 Nicholaus M. Madden a Soil particle size distribution Soil water content a b s t r a c t Management of soils to reduce
Ahmad, Sajjad
Leaf water potential in Pinus taeda L. as related to fluctuating soil water and atmospheric conditions
growing on Bienville loamy fine sand near Rusk, Texas. The average available water storage capacity was 9. 50 inches in the 8-foot profile. Siruiltaneous measurements of leaf water potential and environmental variables were made weekly at two hour... pressure 2 deficit, temperature, and wind (R 0. 78). A regression equation relating total daily water stress to only vapor pressure deficit and soil water content in the 0- to 4-foot soil layer was also signifi- 2= cant (R = 0. 76). The total daily...
Ellison, Stanley Lee
A Study of Heat Sink Performance in Air and Soil for Use in a Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Device
A Study of Heat Sink Performance in Air and Soil for Use in a Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting of a thermoelectric generator is to exploit the natural temperature difference between the air and the soil to generate small amounts of electrical energy. Since the conversion efficiency of even the best
1 MODELING SHALLOW GROUNDWATER TABLE CONTRIBUTION TO SOIL WATER RETENTION IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE...................................................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................15 Shallow Groundwater Capillarity
Soil Water Retention Measurements Using a Combined Tensiometer-Coiled Time Domain Reflectometry Probe
Soil Water Retention Measurements Using a Combined Tensiometer-Coiled Time Domain Reflectometry al., 1975; Arya et al.,that can be used to determine soil water retention curves in both 1975; Royer of a standard tensiometer. The combined tensiometer-coiled TDR probe was con- of soil water retention curves
Total soil C and N sequestration in a grassland following 10 years of free air CO2 enrichment
Total soil C and N sequestration in a grassland following 10 years of free air CO2 enrichment C H R, Laboratory of Soil Science and Geology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 37, 6700 AA Abstract Soil C sequestration may mitigate rising levels of atmospheric CO2. However, it has yet
van Kessel, Chris
Air and water flows in a large sand box with a two-layer aquifer system
Air and water flows in a large sand box with a two-layer aquifer system Xingxing Kuang & Jiu Jimmy negative air pressure can be generated in the vadose zone during pumping. The negative air pressure. The initial water-table depth has a significant effect on the generated negative air pressure. The shallower
Jiao, Jiu Jimmy
A study on an air-water Stirling engine
A two-phase two-component Stirling engine using an air-water mixture as a working fluid is presently constructed and tested. This choice of working fluid, instead of usually adopted gases such as hydrogen and helium, is aimed to realize a high volumetric efficiency by high heat transfer coefficients of evaporation and condensation in the heat exchangers. Based upon the results of the performance test of the engine, the effects of the air-water mixture ratio and the heat input are mainly studied and discussed. It is concluded that using a condensable working fluid is an effective measure to improve the performance of the Stirling engine for a comparatively low temperature heat source.
Akayawa, H.; Hirata, M.; Kasayi, N.
Phosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water --A study using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate
sludge) fertilization. Water scarcity in arid places (like Israel) has led to the use of reclaimed wastePhosphorus dynamics in soils irrigated with reclaimed waste water or fresh water -- A study using fractionation Oxygen isotopes Reclaimed waste water Transformations of phosphate (Pi) in different soil
Paytan, Adina
Dual-energy synchrotron X ray measurements of rapid soil density and water content changes in swelling soils
Dual-energy synchrotron X ray measurements of rapid soil density and water content changes content and bulk density. A number of studies have used dual-energy gamma rays to investigate soil in moisture content and soil swelling shortly after infiltration is initiated. In this paper, we use the dual-energy
Walter, M.Todd
E-Print Network 3.0 - air water interfaces Sample Search Results
water interfaces Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air water interfaces Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Determination of Methane...
Sudden structural change at ati air/binary liquid interface: Sum frequency study of the air/acetonitrile-water interface
Sudden structural change at ati air/binary liquid interface: Sum frequency study of the air/acetonitrile change in an air/acetonitrile-water interface as the solution composition varies; the abruptness of which and in the polarization of the signal from the acetonitrile molecules in the interface observed using infrared + visible
Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
Flow at Low Water Contents: A Simple Approach for Inverse Estimation of van Genuchten-Mualem Soil Hydraulic Parameters
. The amount and energy status of water in a soil can affect considerably the soil hydraulic properties. While1 Flow at Low Water Contents: A Simple Approach for Inverse Estimation of van Genuchten-Mualem Soil BP 7021, Burkina Faso Abstract The unsaturated soil hydraulic properties (the soil water
Air/water oxydesulfurization of coal: laboratory investigation
Air/water oxidative desulfurization has been demonstrated in autoclave experiments at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center for various coals representative of the major US coal basins. This experimentation has shown that the reaction proceeds effectively for pulverized coals at temperatures of 150 to 200/sup 0/C with air at a total system pressure of 500 to 1500 psig. Above 200/sup 0/C, the loss of coal and product heating value increases due to oxidative consumption of carbon and hydrogen. The pyritic sulfur solubilization reactions are typically complete (95 percent removal) within 15 to 40 minutes at temperature; however, significant apparent organic sulfur removal requires residence times of up to 60 minutes at the higher temperatures. The principal products of the reaction are sulfuric acid, which can be neutralized with limestone, and iron oxide. Under certain conditions, especially for high pyritic sulfur coals, the precipitation of sulfur-containing compounds from the products of the pyrite reaction may cause anomalous variations in the sulfur form data. The influence of various parameters on the efficiency of sulfur removal from coal by air/water oxydesulfurization has been studied.
Warzinski, R. P.; Friedman, S.; Ruether, J. A.; LaCount, R. B.
QUANTIFYING ACCELERATED SOIL EROSION THROUGH ECOLOGICAL SITE- BASED ASSESSMENTS OF WIND AND WATER change and intensification have resulted in accelerated rates of soil erosion in many areas of the world quantification of accelerated soil erosion. Ecological site soil erosion Variation in the simulated erosion rates
UF/IFAS Soil and Water Science 2181 McCarty Hall
Agriculture and Environmental Quality 3 aom 3732 Agricultural Water Management 3 aom 4643 Environmental Soils, Water & Public Health 3 sws 4715c Environmental Pedology 4 sws 4720c GIS in Soil and Water to undergraduate students interested in managing water resources in a wide range of ecosystems including
Jawitz, James W.
The Coordinated Control of a Central Air Conditioning System Based on Variable Chilled Water Temperature and Variable Chilled Water Flow
At present, regulation of water flow by means of pump frequency conversion is one of the major methods for power-saving in central air conditioning systems. In this article, optimization regulation for central air conditioning system on the basis...
Liu, J.; Mai, Y.; Liu, X.
Montagnini, Florencia, Howard S. Neufeld and Christopher Uhl. 1984. Heavy metal concentrations in some non-vascular plants in an Amazonian rainforest. Water, Air, and
Montagnini, Florencia, Howard S. Neufeld and Christopher Uhl. 1984. Heavy metal concentrations in some non-vascular plants in an Amazonian rainforest. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 21 the possibility of long-range transport of industrial pollutants to that region. Heavy metal concentrations were
Neufeld, Howard S.
Non-invasive field measurements of soil water content using a pulsed 14 MeV neutron generator
soil water potential that describes the energy status of the soil water and is an important parameterNon-invasive field measurements of soil water content using a pulsed 14 MeV neutron generator S-3120, United States 1. Introduction Knowledge of soil water content is critical to agricultural, hydrological
Johnson, Peter D.
Soil chemical changes resulting from irrigation with water co-produced with coalbed natural gas
Land application of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) co-produced water is a popular management option within northwestern Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming. This study evaluated the impacts of land application of CBNG waters on soil chemical properties at five sites. Soil samples were collected from different depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm) from sites that were irrigated with CBNG water for 2 to 3 yr and control sites. Chemical properties of CBNG water used for irrigation on the study sites indicate that electrical conductivity of CBNG water (EC{sub w}) and sodium adsorption ratio of CBNG water (SAR{sub w}) values were greater than those recommended for irrigation use on the soils at the study sites. Soil chemical analyses indicated that electrical conductivity of soil saturated paste extracts (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio of soil saturated paste extracts (SAR(e)) values for irrigated sites were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than control plots in the upper 30-cm soil depths. Mass balance calculations suggested that there has been significant buildup of Na in irrigated soils due to CBNG irrigation water as well as Na mobilization within the soil profiles. Results indicate that irrigation with CBNG water significantly impacts certain soil properties, particularly if amendments are not properly utilized. This study provides information for better understanding changes in soil properties due to land application of CBNG water.
Ganjegunte, G.K.; Vance, G.F.; King, L.A. [University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States). Dept. of Renewable Resources
Use of Air2Air Technology to Recover Fresh-Water from the Normal Evaporative Cooling Loss at Coal-Based Thermoelectric Power Plants
This program was undertaken to build and operate the first Air2Air{trademark} Water Conservation Cooling Tower at a power plant, giving a validated basis and capability for water conservation by this method. Air2Air{trademark} water conservation technology recovers a portion of the traditional cooling tower evaporate. The Condensing Module provides an air-to-air heat exchanger above the wet fill media, extracting the heat from the hot saturated moist air leaving in the cooling tower and condensing water. The rate of evaporate water recovery is typically 10%-25% annually, depending on the cooling tower location (climate).
Ken Mortensen
Large Plate Lysimeter Efficiency for Collecting Water Transported from Soil to Ground Water
A large, zero-tension, plate lysimeter (3.05 x 2.13 m) was installed to intercept percolating soil water at Bikini Atoll (11 35'N, 165 25'E), a former nuclear test-site. In two experiments controlled amounts of irrigation water were applied over the lysimeter and leachate water was collected. Evapotranspiration (ET) calculations were made using the Penman-Monteith equation and climate data collected at the atoll. The efficiency of the lysimeter was essentially 100% in contrast to low efficiencies reported for smaller plate lysimeters. Lysimeter design, installation, and water balance results are discussed.
Robison, W; Stone, E L; Hamilton, T
Economic Analysis of a Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Air-Conditioning System in North China
This paper describes the situation of waste water resource in north China and the characteristics and styles of a waste water resource heat pump system, and analyzes the economic feasibility of a waste water resource heat pump air...
Chen, H.; Li, D.; Dai, X.
Microsoft PowerPoint - Air Soil Water rev3 - Copy
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: VegetationEquipment Surfaces andMapping theEnergyInnovationMichaelGE1PlanARM A. Gannet HallarCRSPSALT
Instrumented Water Tanks can Improve Air Shower Detector Sensitivity
Previous works have shown that water Cherenkov detectors have superior sensitivity to those of scintillation counters as applied to detecting extensive air showers (EAS). This is in large part due to their much higher sensitivity to EAS photons which are more than five times more numerous than EAS electrons. Large area water Cherenkov detectors can be constructed relatively cheaply and operated reliably. A sparse detector array has been designed which uses these types of detectors to substantially increase the area over which the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory collects EAS information. Improvements to the Milagro detector's performance characteristics and sensitivity derived from this array and preliminary results from a prototype array currently installed near the Milagro detector will be presented.
Atkins, R; Berley, D; Chen, M L; Coyne, D G; Delay, R S; Dingus, B L; Dorfan, D E; Ellsworth, R W; Evans, D; Falcone, A D; Fleysher, L; Fleysher, R; Gisler, G; Goodman, J A; Haines, T J; Hoffman, C M; Hugenberger, S; Kelley, L A; Leonor, I; Macri, J R; McConnell, M; McCullough, J F; McEnery, J E; Miller, R S; Mincer, A I; Morales, M F; N�methy, P; Ryan, J M; Schneider, M; Shen, B; Shoup, A L; Sinnis, G; Smith, A J; Sullivan, G W; Thompson, T N; T�mer, T O; Wang, K; Wascko, M O; Westerhoff, S; Williams, D A; Yang, T; Yodh, G B
R. Atkins; W. Benbow; D. Berley; M. -L. Chen; D. G. Coyne; R. S. Delay; B. L. Dingus; D. E. Dorfan; R. W. Ellsworth; D. Evans; A. Falcone; L. Fleysher; R. Fleysher; G. Gisler; J. A. Goodman; T. J. Haines; C. M. Hoffman; S. Hugenberger; L. A. Kelley; I. Leonor; J. Macri; M. McConnell; J. F. McCullough; J. E. McEnery; R. S. Miller; A. I. Mincer; M. F. Morales; P. Nemethy; J. M. Ryan; M. Schneider; B. Shen; A. Shoup; G. Sinnis; A. J. Smith; G. W. Sullivan; T. N. Thompson; O. T. Tumer; K. Wang; M. O. Wascko; S. Westerhoff; D. A. Williams; T. Yang; G. B. Yodh
Water as a lubricant for Stirling air engines: design considerations and operating experience
Air is favoured as the working fluid for large, slow-running Stirling engines. Lubricating oil entering the working space could combine with compressed, heated air to form a mixture capable of spontaneous combustion. To preclude this possibility, water may be used as the lubricant in Stirling air engines. This paper reviews the lubrication requirements of Stirling air engines and the potential of water to fulfil these requirements. Some bearing and seal materials suitable for water-lubricated Stirling engines are reviewed in terms of a design case study for a 20 kW water lubricated Ringbom-Stirling air engine. Early operating experience with this engine is reported.
Fauvel, O.R.; van Benthem, J.; Walker, G.
THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY: Land, Water and Air
Figure II-1: 1996 Water Pollution Inventory for the US II-2 Figure III-1: Daily Air Quality IndexTHE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY: Land, Water and Air MARCH, 2001 Jose R. Argueta Nutrient Effects: II-8 Nutrient Sources II-8 Metals and AMD II-9 Conclusions II-12 PART III: AIR QUALITY
Sibille, Etienne
Environmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems
linked with gas transfer. Microbreaking, or the breakdown of small-scale waves that do not entrain airEnvironmental turbulent mixing controls on air-water gas exchange in marine and aquatic systems; accepted 5 April 2007; published 17 May 2007. [1] Air-water gas transfer influences CO2 and other
Ho, David
1 Copyright 2006 by ASME A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF GROWING WATER DROPLET INSIDE AN AIR
1 Copyright © 2006 by ASME A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF GROWING WATER DROPLET INSIDE AN AIR SUPPLY is performed to analyze the growth and departure of a water droplet inside a minichannel with air flowing and air coming in through the channel inlet. This is a typical situation encountered in the gas flow
Kandlikar, Satish
Strawberry Nursery Plant Propagation in Relation to Soil Phosphorus and Water Variation
related to low soil pH and fruit tree decline (Li et al. ,content (SWC) and pH levels in tree orchards (Li et al. ,with citrus tree decline and variability of soil pH, water,
Li, Hong; Li, Tingxian; Gordon, Robert J.; Asiedu, Samuel K.
Water balance of sandy soils of Niger, West Africa
indicate that for these soils 1) Sand contents vary from 85 to 95() and clay contents from 2 to 14(). Bulk densities range -3 from 1. 50 to 1. 68 Mg m . Infiltration rates were from 8. 33 to 10. 60 x 10 m s . A 2. 0 m profile can hold approximately 160... The Evaporative Demand of the Atmosphere Bare Fallow and Post-Harvest Mulching Summary MATERIALS AND METHODS 29 32 35 36 38 1X Site Selection Physical and Hydrological Properties Potential Evapotranspiration Water Balance Bare Fallow and Post...
Payne, William Albert
Percolation of Water Through Pullman Soils: Texas High Plains.
.05 inch per hour. Since only limited measurements of soil o~i ture below the 6-foot depth have been made in ;' area, deep percolation that may have occurred I- not been investigated adequately. The ol~jec+' of this study was to determine... It was necessary to design special coring equipment capable of taking I-foot increments to depths in excess of 50 feet with minimum core disturbance or contamination. Since no water could be used in the sampling, conventional, hy- draulic-rotary well...
Aronovici, V. S.
Quantitative imaging of the air-water flow fields formed by unsteady breaking waves
An experimental method for simultaneously measuring the velocity fields on the air and water side of unsteady breaking waves is presented. The method is applied to breaking waves to investigate the physics of the air and ...
Belden, Jesse (Jesse Levi)
RESEARCH ARTICLE Statistics of the surface temperature field of an air/water interface
is the coefficient of thermal expansion, m is the kinematic viscosity, a is the thermal diffusivity, DTRESEARCH ARTICLE Statistics of the surface temperature field of an air/water interface under air
Saylor, John R.
Submersible Survey Along the Honolulu Sea Water Air Conditioning LLC Pipe Route to Provide Data
1 Submersible Survey Along the Honolulu Sea Water Air Conditioning LLC Pipe Route to Provide Data, University of Hawaii 2Honolulu Seawater Air Conditioning, LLC KOK & Pisces V #12;2 HSWAC Pipe Route Survey
Effects of soil water repellency on infiltration rate and flow instability
. They are difficult to manage and pose negative effects on agricultural productivity and environmental sustain the contaminant transport to ground water. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the effects of soil waterEffects of soil water repellency on infiltration rate and flow instability Z. Wanga,*, Q.J. Wua,1
Wang, Zhi "Luke"
FAPRI-UMC Report #01-07 Estimating Water Quality,
Carbon and Carbon Sequestration...................................10 CRP EffectsFAPRI-UMC Report #01-07 Estimating Water Quality, Air Quality, and Soil Carbon Benefits Quality, Air Quality, and Soil Carbon Benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program FAPRI-UMC Report #01
Cattle Feedlot Waste Management Practices -For Water and Air Pollution Control
Cattle Feedlot Waste Management Practices - For Water and Air Pollution Control John M. Sweeten in the potential for both water and air pollution. To prevent potential problems from developinginto real problems* Water Pollution and Wastewater Management This bulletin outlines some of the basic regulatory
Mukhtar, Saqib
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-water bubbly flow Sample Search Results
; Chemistry 6 Hydrodynamic and statistical parameters of slug flow Lev Shemer * Summary: identification from dynamic void fraction measurements in vertical air-water flows. Int....
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-water interface predictive Sample Search...
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water interface predictive Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Generalized Interface Polarity Scale...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-water flow experimental Sample Search...
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water flow experimental Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Mechanical engineering Department...
Soil protection major Prof. Dani Or
and energy fluxes in soils (water, air, nutrients and pollutants) · provide solutions for sustainable land1 Soil protection major Prof. Dani Or Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics CHN F 29.1 Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich email@example.com +41 44 633 60 15 Objectives of soil protection major
Giger, Christine
Global Soil Change: Land Use, Soil and Water SWS4231C, SWS5234
of the soil system to withstand global-scale perturbations (e.g., climate or land use change, spread Properties 4. Land Use Change Impacts on Soils 5. Land Use and Agriculture (Irrigation and Fertilization In Soil) 6. Land Use and Soil Erosion 7. Climate Change Impacts on Soils 8. Land Use-Climate
Rain water transport and storage in a model sandy soil with hydrogel particle additives
We study rain water infiltration and drainage in a dry model sandy soil with superabsorbent hydrogel particle additives by measuring the mass of retained water for non-ponding rainfall using a self-built 3D laboratory set-up. In the pure model sandy soil, the retained water curve measurements indicate that instead of a stable horizontal wetting front that grows downward uniformly, a narrow fingered flow forms under the top layer of water-saturated soil. This rain water channelization phenomenon not only further reduces the available rain water in the plant root zone, but also affects the efficiency of soil additives, such as superabsorbent hydrogel particles. Our studies show that the shape of the retained water curve for a soil packing with hydrogel particle additives strongly depends on the location and the concentration of the hydrogel particles in the model sandy soil. By carefully choosing the particle size and distribution methods, we may use the swollen hydrogel particles to modify the soil pore structure, to clog or extend the water channels in sandy soils, or to build water reservoirs in the plant root zone.
Y. Wei; D. J. Durian
E-Print Network 3.0 - air conditioners water Sample Search Results
Moving the Market toward High Efficiency Summary: and water source air conditioners and heat pumps <135,000 Btuh and for large commercial packaged water... h and <135,000 Btuh...
E-Print Network 3.0 - airs water vapor Sample Search Results
water vapor Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: airs water vapor Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 A laboratory experiment from the Little...
Feasibility of Municipal Water Mains as Heat Sink for Residential Air-Conditioning
It has been proposed that municipal water mains be used as the heat sink or the heat source for air-conditioning or heating, respectively. This paper addresses the extent of thermal contamination associated with the use of municipal water...
Vliet, G. C.
Improvement to Air2Air Technology to Reduce Fresh-Water Evaporative Cooling Loss at Coal-Based Thermoelectric Power Plants
This program was undertaken to enhance the manufacturability, constructability, and cost of the Air2Air{TM} Water Conservation and Plume Abatement Cooling Tower, giving a validated cost basis and capability. Air2Air{TM} water conservation technology recovers a portion of the traditional cooling tower evaporate. The Condensing Module provides an air-to-air heat exchanger above the wet fill media, extracting the heat from the hot saturated moist air leaving in the cooling tower and condensing water. The rate of evaporate water recovery is typically 10% - 25% annually, depending on the cooling tower location (climate). This program improved the efficiency and cost of the Air2Air{TM} Water Conservation Cooling Tower capability, and led to the first commercial sale of the product, as described.
Evaluating climatic and soil water controls on evapotranspiration at two Amazonian rainforest sites
demand and soil water availability between two sites; Manaus, in central Amazonia, where indicate that, in combination with other factors, heterogeneity in soil water retention capacity may exert strong controls on the spatial variation in forest responses to climatic change. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All
Growth of Au Nanowires at the Interface of Air/Water Zhichuan Xu,,
produced at the interface of air/water by immersing a Au coated platinum tip into the growth solutionGrowth of Au Nanowires at the Interface of Air/Water Zhichuan Xu,, Chengmin Shen, Shouheng Sun and these Au islands initiated the growth of Au crystals, which further produced Au nanowires via the template
Gao, Hongjun
FOREST-AIR FLUXES OF CARBON, WATER AND ENERGY OVER NON-FLAT TERRAIN XUHUI LEE and XINZHANG HU-air exchange of carbon, water, and energy was conducted at a mid-latitude, mixed forest on non-flat terrain to address this question, we conducted a field experiment on energy and carbon exchanges in a mixed forest
Lee, Xuhui
Managing the Drivers of Air Flow and Water Vapor Transport in Existing Single Family Homes (Revised)
This document focuses on managing the driving forces which move air and moisture across the building envelope. While other previously published Measure Guidelines focus on elimination of air pathways, the ultimate goal of this Measure Guideline is to manage drivers which cause air flow and water vapor transport across the building envelope (and also within the home), control air infiltration, keep relative humidity (RH) within acceptable limits, avoid combustion safety problems, improve occupant comfort, and reduce house energy use.
Cummings, J.; Withers, C.; Martin, E.; Moyer, N.
Excess electron relaxation dynamics at water/air interfaces dm Madarsz
of the relaxation of a ground state excess electron at interfaces of different phases of water with air with the surrounding water bath. The systems exhibiting the most stable SB excess electron states supercooled water to contain double acceptor-type water molecules in the close vicinity of the electron. These surface states
Simons, Jack
Gravel admix, vegetation, and soil water interactions in protective barriers: Experimental design, construction, and initial conditions
The purpose of this study is to measure the interactive effects of gravel admix and greater precipitation on soil water storage and plant abundance. The study is one of many tasks in the Protective Barrier Development Program for the disposal of Hanford defense waste. A factorial field-plot experiment was set up at the site selected as the borrow area for barrier topsoil. Gravel admix, vegetation, and enhanced precipitation treatments were randomly assigned to the plots using a split-split plot design structure. Changes in soil water storage and plant cover were monitored using neutron probe and point intercept methods, respectively. The first-year results suggest that water extraction by plants will offset gravel-caused increases in soil water storage. Near-surface soil water contents were much lower in graveled plots with plants than in nongraveled plots without plants. Large inherent variability in deep soil water storage masked any effects gravel may have had on water content below the root zone. In the future, this source of variation will be removed by differencing monthly data series and testing for changes in soil water storage. Tests of the effects of greater precipitation on soil water storage were inconclusive. A telling test will be possible in the spring of 1988, following the first wet season during which normal precipitation is doubled. 26 refs., 9 figs., 9 tabs.
Waugh, W.J.
The moisture retention characteristic of four soils from Niger
of air at the surface is relatively facile. Hydraulic Conductivity Redistribution of soil water affects plant growth, and the rate and duration of internal moisture flow determines 19 effective soil water storage. This is important to remember when... in sorption (wetting). This characteristic of wetting versus drying for a soil is known as the hysteresis effect (Lal 1979a). Hillel (1980) notes that hysteresis is important for coarse-textured soils in the process of redistribution of soil water...
Landeck, Jonathon Keith
In-situ air injection, soil vacuum extraction and enhanced biodegradation: A case study in a JP-4 jet fuel contaminated site
The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the US Coast Guard (USCG) conducted a joint demonstration of in situ remediation of a JP-4 jet fuel spill at the USCG Support Center in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. The jet fuel was trapped beneath a clay layer that extended from the surface to a depth of 1.5 in. The water table was 2.0 in below land surface, and jet fuel extended from a depth of 1.0 to 3.5 in. Air was injected under pressure to depress the water table and bring the entire spill into the unsaturated zone, where hydrocarbons could be removed by volatilization and biodegradation. The injected air was recovered through soil vacuum extraction (SVE) at the treatment area. To document actual removal of hydrocarbons, core samples were acquired in August 1992 before air injection, and September 1994 at the end of the demonstration. The spill originally contained 3600 kg of JP-4. Between the core sampling events, only 55 % of the total petroleum hydrocarbons were removed, but more than 98% of benzene was removed. The initial goal was to reduce the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) to concentrations less than 100 mg/kg soil. This was not accomplished within 18 months of operation. During the period of operation, ground water was monitored for the concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (BTEX), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). The concentration of BTEX and MTBE in the subsurface was reduced to a very low level, but concentrations of benzene and MTBE in ground water did not meet the EPA drinking water standards in the most heavily impacted wells. The effluent gas from SVE was monitored for the concentration of total hydrocarbon vapors. 12 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.
Cho, Jong Soo; DiGiulio, D.C.; Wilson, J.T. [National Risk Management Lab., Ada, OK (United States)
2004-2005 Texas Water Resources Institute Mills Scholarship Application Water Management, Soil Salinity and Landscape Ecology in Laguna
: Bruce Herbert (O) 979-845-2405 firstname.lastname@example.com #12;Heather R. Miller 2004-05 TWRI Mills 2 Water2004-2005 Texas Water Resources Institute Mills Scholarship Application Water Management, Soil Salinity and Landscape Ecology in Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge Heather R. Miller Department
Herbert, Bruce
Ground-based measurements of soil water storage in Texas
Landslides EROSION Dust Weak SOIL STRENGTH Hard Latent heat SOLAR ENERGY Sensible heat Energy Stevens' HydraProbe Soil T, q, and ECapparent ADVANTAGES Lower initial cost Spatial distribution SDI
Yang, Zong-Liang
Responses of Grain Sorghum to Profile and Temporal Dynamics of Soil Water in a Semi-arid Environment
Development of efficient irrigation strategies is a priority for producers faced with water shortages. Managed deficit irrigation attempts to optimize water use efficiency (WUE) by synchronizing crop water use with reproductive stages. Soil water...
Bell, Jourdan M
E-Print Network 3.0 - air pollutants radioactive Sample Search...
health Summary: Chapter 19 Geology, Society and the Future 12; Environmental health Air pollution Waste... , such as soil and water; (2) others are released into the...
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E-Print Network 3.0 - air pollutants based Sample Search Results
OG 4.4.06 1 Use of Instrumented Water Tanks for the Improvement of Air
OG 4.4.06 1 Use of Instrumented Water Tanks for the Improvement of Air Shower Detector Sensitivity (5m 2 ), water Cherenkov detectors (tanks) will be deployed around the pond to effectively extend its from the Milagro pond. 2 Water Tank Detector & Array The criteria for selecting a detector design
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Feasibility Study of the Effects of Water Quality on Soil Properties in the Red River Valley
on permeability of soil to water. The effects of specific ions such as Na or lack of salts in the water can reduce permeability to the extent that crops are not adequately supplied with water and yields are reduced. As pointed out by Rhoades and Ingvalson...
Gerard, C. J.; Hipp, B. W.; Runkles, J. R.; Bordovsky, D. J.; McCully, W. G.
More Gifts of the Glaciers Soil: Foundation of Terrestrial
matter called humus which helps to hold moisture and provide food for plants to grow Dark color Helps Growth Anchors plant roots Supplies water to plant Provides air for plant roots Provides minerals for plant nutrition Structure of Soil Structure of Soil 4 components solid particles water air living
Cochran-Stafira, D. Liane
Monitoring ET, Soil Moisture Saves Farmers Water, Energy, Time and Money
Monitoring ET, Soil Moisture Saves Farmers Water, Energy, Time and Money By Sandi Alswager Karstens, IANR News Service High energy costs mean farmers are looking for ways to reduce irrigation costs this summer. Using newer technologies such as evapotranspiration, or ET, gauges and soil moisture sensors
Nebraska-Lincoln, University of
Simulation of water flow and solute transport in free-drainage lysimeters and field soils with
Simulation of water flow and solute transport in free-drainage lysimeters and field soils for studying the fate and transport of chemicals in soil. Large-scale field lysimeters are used to assess pesticide behaviour and radionuclide transport, and are assumed to represent natural field conditions better
Flury, Markus
Fractal analysis of soil water hysteresis as influenced by sewage sludge application
Fractal analysis of soil water hysteresis as influenced by sewage sludge application G. Ojeda a,, E) and a loamy sand soil (Typic Haplustalf) from central Catalonia (NE Spain) was investigated using fractal analysis. First, we proposed a composite fractal model that covers both the low and high suction regimes
Perfect, Ed
Nuclear tanker producing liquid fuels from air and water
Emerging technologies in CO? air capture, high temperature electrolysis, microchannel catalytic conversion, and Generation IV reactor plant systems have the potential to create a shipboard liquid fuel production system ...
Galle-Bishop, John Michael
Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India
Using the most comprehensive data file ever compiled on air pollution, water pollution, and environmental regulations from a developing country, the paper examines the effectiveness of India�s environmental regulations. ...
Energy Comparison Between Conventional and Chilled Water Thermal Storage Air Conditioning Systems
, encouraged by government subsidies and driven by the rapid and continual expansion in building construction, urban development, and the heavy reliance on Air Conditioning (AC) systems for the cooling of buildings. The Chilled Water Thermal Storage (CWTS...
Sebzali, M.; Hussain, H. J.; Ameer, B.
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-water solution interface Sample Search...
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water solution interface Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 BES Chemical Sciences Division Research...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-water cross flow Sample Search Results
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water cross flow Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 326...
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Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water interactions Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 The Earth's ...as conduit Summary: , and...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air water two-phase Sample Search Results
Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air water two-phase Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Proceedings of FEDSM2005 2005 ASME Fluids...
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Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water vertical upward Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science...
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Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-water two-phase flow Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory Gnie...
Economic Analysis and Comparison of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump Heating and Air-Conditioning System
Based on the heating and air-conditioning system of a high-rise residential building in Northern city, this paper provides a discussion on the choice and matching of different types of Waste Water Resource Heat Pump (WWRHP) heating and air...
Zhang, C.; Wang, S.; Chen, H.; Shi, Y.
PROCESS WATER RECOVERY: DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION COMPARED TO HIGH SHEAR RATE SEPARATION John H to the feed without dissolved air or with the addition of dual polymer flocculating polymers. Although fiber intend to investigate the effect of pacifying stickies by precipitating calcium carbonate with carbon
Abubakr, Said
Precipitation suppression by anthropogenic air pollution: major loss of water resources where we need them most
Precipitation suppression by anthropogenic air pollution: major loss of water resources where we inferences of air pollution suppressing precipitation lead us to investigate historical climate records precipitation, decreases with time in the polluted regions and remains unchanged where no pollution sources were
Daniel, Rosenfeld
Method and apparatus for extracting water from air using a desiccant
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for extracting liquid water from moist air using minimal energy input. The method can be considered as four phases: (1) adsorbing water from air into a desiccant, (2) isolating the water-laden desiccant from the air source, (3) desorbing water as vapor from the desiccant into a chamber, and (4) isolating the desiccant from the chamber, and compressing the vapor in the chamber to form liquid condensate. The liquid condensate can be removed for use. Careful design of the dead volumes and pressure balances can minimize the energy required. The dried air can be exchanged for fresh moist air and the process repeated. An apparatus comprises a first chamber in fluid communication with a desiccant, and having ports to intake moist air and exhaust dried air. The apparatus also comprises a second chamber in fluid communication with the desiccant. The second chamber allows variable internal pressure, and has a port for removal of liquid condensate. Each chamber can be configured to be isolated or in communication with the desiccant. The first chamber can be configured to be isolated or in communication with a course of moist air. Various arrangements of valves, pistons, and chambers are described.
Spletzer, Barry L. (Albuquerque, NM); Callow, Diane Schafer (Albuquerque, NM)
Assessment of soil and water conservation methods applied to the cultivated steeplands of southern Honduras
conservation methods. These methods include use of mulch management, vegetative barriers, and agroforestry in place of the traditional burning practice. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these soil and water conservation methods, LUPE needs quantifiable...
Smith, James E
E-Print Network 3.0 - affecting soil fauna Sample Search Results
on florafauna or human health; *affect on landscape and natural... result in : *air pollution; *soil and water pollution; *affect on florafauna or human health; *affect... ......
Supercritical CO2 extraction of organic compounds from soil-water slurries
SUPERCRITICAL COi EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOIL-WATER SLURRIES A Thesis by BRIAN DEAN CARTER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE August 1993 Major Subject: Chemical Engineering SUPERCRITICAL COz FXTRACTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOIL-WATER SLURRIES A Thesis by BRIAN DEAN CARTER Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements...
Carter, Brian Dean
Effects of soil moisture and water depth on ERS SAR backscatter measurements from an Alaskan wetland complex
2009 Accepted 17 April 2009 Keywords: Wetlands Boreal region Synthetic aperture radar Water level SoilEffects of soil moisture and water depth on ERS SAR backscatter measurements from an Alaskan was negatively correlated to water depth in all open (non-forested) wetlands when water table levels were more
Turetsky, Merritt
Lecture Session (LeS): E.4 REMEDIATION Thermal techniques -1 STEAM-AIR-INJECTION FOR IN-SITU GROUNDWATER AND SOIL REMEDIATION: PILOT
Lecture Session (LeS): E.4 REMEDIATION Thermal techniques -1 STEAM-AIR-INJECTION FOR firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: Partial Source removal, thermally enhanced soil vapor extraction, steam-air-injection, pilot methods (steam-air injection and thermal wells), developed and verified in several field applications
Cirpka, Olaf Arie
Two-phase air-water stratified flow measurement using ultrasonic techniques
In this paper, a time resolved ultrasound system was developed for investigating two-phase air-water stratified flow. The hardware of the system includes a pulsed wave transducer, a pulser/receiver, and a digital oscilloscope. The time domain cross correlation method is used to calculate the velocity profile along ultrasonic beam. The system is able to provide velocities with spatial resolution of around 1mm and the temporal resolution of 200?s. Experiments were carried out on single phase water flow and two-phase air-water stratified flow. For single phase water flow, the flow rates from ultrasound system were compared with those from electromagnetic flow (EM) meter, which showed good agreement. Then, the experiments were conducted on two-phase air-water stratified flow and the results were given. Compared with liquid height measurement from conductance probe, it indicated that the measured velocities were explainable.
Fan, Shiwei; Yan, Tinghu; Yeung, Hoi [School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL (United Kingdom)
The relationship between soil water utilization and the phosphorus status of sorghum
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL WATER UTILIZATION AND THE PHOSPHORUS S'rATUS OF SORGHUM A Thesis ABDOUL ABDOULAYE SOW Submitted to the Office of Gi adua. e Stuches of Texas A8-M University in partial fulfillment nf the requirements... for the desmee of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1990 Major Subject: Soil Science THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL WATER UTILIZATION AND THE PHOSPHORUS STATUS OF SORGHUM A Thesis ABDOUL ABDOULAYE SOW Approved as to style and content, by: I loyd R. Hossner (Chair of...
Sow, Abdoul Abdoulaye
Water Transfer from Soil to the Atmosphere as Related to Climate and Soil Properties
Facilities and Systems - Design of the lysimetric facility of the project began in 1966. During 1967, soil cores were taken for the lysimeters, and in 1968 an unforseen temperature problem in the lysimeters was solved. A total of 9 undisturbed soil...
Wendt, C. W.
Guidelines for Developing Soil and Water Management Programs: Irrigated Pecans
The book describes the performance of pecan trees; water testing; determining how water quality may affect tree growth; improving drainage; selecting an irrigation system, and water conditioning to manage nutrients. It also describes how to estimate...
Miyamoto, S.
of Culdesac, McGregor Company, and the Idaho Soil Conservation Commission. In addition, the District has of the wetland and sod bio-logs that are installed our projects. This results in more on-the-ground projects
A Laboratory Study of the Schmidt Number Dependency of Air-Water Gas
. Sc = /D denotes the Schmidt number, the ratio of kinematic viscosity of water and the tracersA Laboratory Study of the Schmidt Number Dependency of Air-Water Gas Transfer Kerstin Richter1 of exchange hap- pens with an exponent of 1/2 and links this fraction with a physical property of the wave
Jaehne, Bernd
Soil & Water Lab Spring 2013 Seminar Series (BEE 7710)
and other water resources Amy Galford, Cornell Cooperative Extension * February 25 Effects of hydro-fracking
Evaluation of the CRITERIA Irrigation Scheme Soil Water Balance Model in Texas � Initial Results
The CRITERIA model was created in the 1990s in Italy, and is based on the soil water balance computation procedures developed at the Wageningen University in the Netherlands in the 1980s. CRITERIA has been used as an analysis and regional water...
Bonaiti, G.; Fipps, G.
Air-cooled condensers eliminate plant water use
River or ocean water has been the mainstay for condensing turbine exhaust steam since the first steam turbine began generating electricity. A primary challenge facing today's plant developers, especially in drought-prone regions, is incorporating processes that reduce plant water use and consumption. One solution is to shed the conventional mindset that once-through cooling is the only option and adopt dry cooling technologies that reduce plant water use from a flood to a few sips. A case study at the Astoria Energy plant, New York City is described. 14 figs.
Wurtz, W.; Peltier, R. [SPX Cooling Technologies Inc. (United States)
E-Print Network 3.0 - assessing soil pollution Sample Search...
along an urban-rural gradient in southeastern New York, USA. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 57-58, 797... Jartun M, Ottesen RT, Steinnes E (2003): Urban soil ... Source:...
Radiological conditions at Bikini Atoll: Radionuclide concentrations in vegetation, soil, animals, cistern water, and ground water
This report is intended as a resource document for the eventual cleanup of Bikini Atoll and contains a summary of the data for the concentrations of /sup 137/Cs, /sup 90/Sr, /sup 239 +240/Pu, and /sup 241/Am in vegetation through 1987 and in soil through 1985 for 14 islands at Bikini Atoll. The data for the main residence island, Bikini, and the most important island, Eneu, are extensive; these islands have been the subject of a continuing research and monitoring program since 1974. Data for radionuclide concentrations in ground water, cistern water, fish and other marine species, and pigs from Bikini and Eneu Islands are presented. Also included are general summaries of our resuspension and rainfall data from Bikini and Eneu Islands. The data for the other 12 islands are much more limited because samples were collected as part of a screening survey and the islands have not been part of a continuing research and monitoring program. Cesium-137 is the radionuclide that produces most of the estimated dose for returning residents, mostly through uptake by terrestrial foods and secondly by direct external gamma exposure. Remedial measures for reducing the /sup 137/Cs uptake in vegetation are discussed. 40 refs., 32 figs., 131 tabs.
Robison, W.L.; Conrado, C.L.; Stuart, M.L.
Micro-scale water potential gradients visualized in soil around plant root tips using microbiosensorspce_2070 1..12
scales around plant roots remain unobserved for lack of a water potential sensing tool that can operateMicro-scale water potential gradients visualized in soil around plant root tips using, USA ABSTRACT Water availability and movement in soil are critical deter- minants of resource
Gage, Daniel J.
Energy Consumption Measuring and Diagnostic Analysis of Air-conditioning Water System in a Hotel Building in Harbin
This paper introduces an air-conditioning water system in a hotel building in Harbin, finishes its air-conditioning energy consumption measurement in summer conditions, and presents an estimation index of performance of chiller, pump and motor...
Zhao, T.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.
Tropical air mass modification over water (Gulf of Mexico Region)
. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Oceanographic Report No. 9 (Fog Pro)sot) Lopes, M. E. 194S A technique for detailed radiosonde analysis in the tropics. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , Vol. 29, No. 5. Solot, S. R. 1939 Computations of' depth... represents an aporoxi- mate equilibrium with respect to the surface beneath. Thus, an air mass may be identified by the vertical structure it acquires over a source Willett, H. D. , Papers in Phys. Ocn. and Met. , Vol. II, No. 2, 1943 region. The concept...
Sorgnit, Ernest Frederick
Modeling water uptake by a root system growing in a fixed soil volume
The water uptake by roots of plants is examined for an ideal situation, with an approximation that resembles plants growing in pots, meaning that the total soil volume is fixed. We propose a coupled water uptake-root growth model. A one-dimensional model for water flux and water uptake by a root system growing uniformly distributed in the soil is presented, and the Van Genuchten model for the transport of water in soil is used. The governing equations are represented by a moving boundary model for which the root length, as a function of time, is prescribed. The solution of the model is obtained by front-fixing and finite element methods. Model predictions for water uptake by a same plant growing in loam, silt and clay soils are obtained and compared. A sensitivity analysis to determine relative effects on water uptake when system parameters are changed is also presented and shows that the model and numerical method proposed are more sensitive to the root growth rate than to the rest of the parameters. This se...
Albrieu, J L Blengino; Tarzia, D A
Soil Water Retention and Relative Permeability for Full Range of Saturation
Common conceptual models for unsaturated flow often rely on the oversimplified representation of medium pores as a bundle of cylindrical capillaries and assume that the matric potential is attributed to capillary forces only. The adsorptive surface forces are ignored. It is often assumed that aqueous flow is negligible when a soil is near or at the residual water content. These models are successful at high and medium water contents but often give poor results at low water contents. These models do not apply to conditions at which water content is less than the residual water content. We extend the lower bound of existing water-retention functions and conductivity models from residual water content to the oven-dry condition (i.e., zero water content) by defining a state-dependent, residual-water content for a soil drier than a critical value. Furthermore, a hydraulic conductivity model for smooth uniform spheres was modified by introducing a correction factor to describe the film flow-induced hydraulic conductivity for natural porous media. The total unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is the sum of those due to capillary and film flow. The extended retention and conductivity models were verified with six datasets from the literature. Results show that, when the soil is at high and intermediate water content, there is no difference between the un-extended and the extended models; when the soil is at low water content, the un-extended models overestimate the water content but under-estimate the conductivity while the extended models match the retention and conductivity measurements well.
Zhang, Z. F.
to : , with the air-density, u and w the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed, u* the friction and the viscous drag at the sea sur- face, we build two new microphysical devices: 1) the wind-speed vertical of the vertical profile of the normalized phase-averaged wind-speed in the air-viscous layer (1mm above water
The effect of soil water content on the phytotoxicity of diuron, fluridone, metribuzin and trifluralin
'HIE ~ OF SOIL WATER CONTENT ON 'IBE ~XICITY OF DIURON, FLURIDONE, NETMBUZIN AND TRIFLURALIN by Sutmitted to the Graduate College of Tom A&M University in partial fulfillnant of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1979... Major Subject: Agroncxny THE ~ OF SOIL KQER ~ ON 'IBE PHY'IVIOIIICITY OF DIUIrON, FLUPIDONE, NETRUKZIN AND TRII'LUHALIN A Thesis Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Cormittee) (Head of Departrrent) (Member) August. 1979 'Ihe Effect...
Baumann, Paul A
Optimizing the air flotation water treatment process. Final report, May 1997
The injection water for the Nelson Project is a combination of produced and make-up water, typical of many Eastern Kansas operations. The make-up water is a low-salinity salt water from the Arbuckle Formation and contains dissolved minerals and sulfides. The produced water contains suspended oil, suspended clay and silt particles, along with a combination of other dissolved minerals. The combination of the two waters causes several undesirable reactions. The suspended solids load contained in the combined waters would plug a 75-micron plant bag filter within one day. Wellhead filters of 75-micron size were also being used on the injection wells. The poor water quality resulted in severe loss of injectivity and frequent wellbore cleaning of the injection wells. Various mechanical and graded-bed filtration methods were considered for cleaning the water. These methods were rejected due to the lack of field equipment and service availability. A number of vendors did not even respond to the author`s request. The air flotation process was selected as offering the best hope for a long-term solution. The objective of this work is to: increase the cost effectiveness of the process through optimizing process design factors and operational parameters. A vastly modified air flotation system is the principal tool for accomplishing the project objective. The air flotation unit, as received from manufacturer Separation Specialist, was primarily designed to remove oil from produced water. The additional requirement for solids removal necessitated major physical changes in the unit. Problems encountered with the air flotation unit and specific modifications are detailed in the body of the report.
Barnett, B.
Effects of Irrigating with Treated Oil and Gas Product Water on Crop Biomass and Soil Permeability
Demonstrating effective treatment technologies and beneficial uses for oil and gas produced water is essential for producers who must meet environmental standards and deal with high costs associated with produced water management. Proven, effective produced-water treatment technologies coupled with comprehensive data regarding blending ratios for productive long-term irrigation will improve the state-of-knowledge surrounding produced-water management. Effective produced-water management scenarios such as cost-effective treatment and irrigation will discourage discharge practices that result in legal battles between stakeholder entities. The goal of this work is to determine the optimal blending ratio required for irrigating crops with CBNG and conventional oil and gas produced water treated by ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis (RO), or electro-dialysis reversal (EDR) in order to maintain the long term physical integrity of soils and to achieve normal crop production. The soils treated with CBNG produced water were characterized with significantly lower SAR values compared to those impacted with conventional oil and gas produced water. The CBNG produced water treated with RO at the 100% treatment level was significantly different from the untreated produced water, while the 25%, 50% and 75% water treatment levels were not significantly different from the untreated water. Conventional oil and gas produced water treated with EDR and RO showed comparable SAR results for the water treatment technologies. There was no significant difference between the 100% treated produced water and the control (river water). The EDR water treatment resulted with differences at each level of treatment, which were similar to RO treated conventional oil and gas water. The 100% treated water had SAR values significantly lower than the 75% and 50% treatments, which were similar (not significantly different). The results of the greenhouse irrigation study found the differences in biomass production between each soil were significant for Western Wheatgrass and Alfafla. The Sheridan sandy loam soil resulted in the highest production for western wheatgrass and alfalfa while the X-ranch sandy loam had the lowest production rate for both plants. Plant production levels resulting from untreated CBNG produced water were significantly higher compared to untreated conventional oil and gas produced water. However, few differences were found between water treatments. The biomass produced from the greenhouse study was analyzed for elemental composition and for forage value. Elemental composition indentified several interesting findings. Some of the biomass was characterized with seemly high boron and sodium levels. High levels of boron found in some of the biomass was unexpected and may indicate that alfalfa and western wheatgrass plants may have been impacted by either soil or irrigation water containing high boron levels. Plants irrigated with water treated using EDR technology appeared to contain higher levels of boron with increased levels of treatment. Forage evaluations were conducted using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The data collected show small differences, generally less than 10%, between produced water treatments including the no treatment and 100% treatment conditions for each plant species studied. The forage value of alfalfa and western wheatgrass did not show significant tendencies dependent on soil, the amount of produced water treatment, or treatment technology.
Terry Brown; Jeffrey Morris; Patrick Richards; Joel Mason
Willie Harris Address: Soil and Water Science Department
.W., W.G. Harris, and G.W. Hurt. 1990. Humods of Florida. p. 63-73. In J. Kimball and R. Yeck (ed, Lincoln, NE. Brown, R.B., K.K. Nielson, J.K. Otton, W.G. Harris, R.J. Kuehl, and C.E. Roestler. 1993.G. Harris. 1994. Quantitative thermal analysis of soil minerals. p. 360-411. In J. Ammonette and L
Kinetics and mechanisms of metal sorption at the soil mineral/water interface: The continuum from adsorption to
GEOC 36 Kinetics and mechanisms of metal sorption at the soil mineral/water interface: The continuum from adsorption to precipitation Donald L. Sparks, Plant and Soil Sciences Department, Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Avenue, Townsend Hall, Room 153
Sparks, Donald L.
The effect of water application rate on the formation of a soil crust
THE EFFECT OF WATER APPLICATION RATE ON THE FOR11ATION OF A SOIL CRUST A Thesis by FAUSTO DANIEL BOGRAN CARCA1'10 Subni tted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillnent of the requlrenents for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE May 1985 Major Subject: Agricultural Engineering THE EFFECT OF WATER APPLICATION RATE ON THE FORMATION OF A SOIl. CRUST A Thesi s by FAUSTO DANIEL BOGRAN CARCAMO Approved as to style and content by: ars a . McFar an (Chairman...
Bogran Carcamo, Fausto Daniel
Average Soil Water Retention Curves Measured by Neutron Radiography
Water retention curves are essential for understanding the hydrologic behavior of partially-saturated porous media and modeling flow transport processes within the vadose zone. In this paper we report direct measurements of the main drying and wetting branches of the average water retention function obtained using 2-dimensional neutron radiography. Flint sand columns were saturated with water and then drained under quasi-equilibrium conditions using a hanging water column setup. Digital images (2048 x 2048 pixels) of the transmitted flux of neutrons were acquired at each imposed matric potential (~10-15 matric potential values per experiment) at the NCNR BT-2 neutron imaging beam line. Volumetric water contents were calculated on a pixel by pixel basis using Beer-Lambert s law after taking into account beam hardening and geometric corrections. To remove scattering effects at high water contents the volumetric water contents were normalized (to give relative saturations) by dividing the drying and wetting sequences of images by the images obtained at saturation and satiation, respectively. The resulting pixel values were then averaged and combined with information on the imposed basal matric potentials to give average water retention curves. The average relative saturations obtained by neutron radiography showed an approximate one-to-one relationship with the average values measured volumetrically using the hanging water column setup. There were no significant differences (at p < 0.05) between the parameters of the van Genuchten equation fitted to the average neutron radiography data and those estimated from replicated hanging water column data. Our results indicate that neutron imaging is a very effective tool for quantifying the average water retention curve.
Cheng, Chu-Lin [ORNL; Perfect, Edmund [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Kang, Misun [ORNL; Voisin, Sophie [ORNL; Bilheux, Hassina Z [ORNL; Horita, Juske [Texas Tech University (TTU); Hussey, Dan [NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCRN), Gaithersburg, MD
The Full Water Disposal Ways and Study on Central Air-conditioning Circulation Cooling Water System
with automatic inspection, control the condense times and installing toroidal swirl type filtering water purifier. We have solved the water quality fundamentally of the circulation cooling water. This way will make the chem..with medicine more reliable...
Zhang, J.
/Cool 144(d) Economizer 144(e) Heat and Cool Air Supply Reset 144(f) Electric Resistance Heating1 144(g) Heat Rejection System §144 (h) Air Cooled Chiller Limitation §144 (i) Duct Leakage Sealing. If Yes, a MECH-4-A must be submitted 144(k) 1. Total installed capacity (MBtu/hr) of all electric heat
Soil and plant responses from land application of saline-sodic waters: Implications of management
Land application of co-produced waters from coalbed natural gas (CBNG) wells is one management option used in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana. Unfortunately the co-produced CBNG waters may be saline and/or sodic. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of irrigation with CBNG waters on soils and plants in the PRB. Soil properties and vegetation responses resulting from 1 to 4 yr of saline sodic water (electrical conductivity (EC) 1.6-4.8 dS m{sup -1} sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), 17-57 mmol L- applications were studied during 2003 and 2004 field seasons on sites (Ustic Torriorthent Haplocambid, Haplargid and Paleargid) representing native range grasslands seeded grass hayfields and alfalfa hayfields. Parameters measured from each irrigated site were compared directly with representative non-irrigated sites. Soil chemical and physical parameters including pH, EC, SAR, exchangeable sodium percent, texture, bulk density, infiltration and Darcy flux rates, were measured at various depth intervals to 120 cm. Mulitple-year applications of saline sodic water produced consistent trends of increased soil EC AND SAR values to depths of 30 cm reduced surface infiltration rates and lowered Darcy flux rates to 120 cm. Significant differences (p {le} 0.05) were determined between irrigated and non-irrigated areas for EC, SAR infiltration rates and Darcy flux (p {le} 0.10) at most sites. Saline sodic CBNG water applications significantly increased native perennial grass biomass production and cover on irrigated as compared with non-irrigated sites; however overall species evenness decreased. Biological effects were variable and complex reflecting site-specific conditions and water and soil management strategies.
Vance, G.F.; King, L.A.; Ganjegunte, G.K. [University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States). Department for Renewable Resources
Influence of entrapped air pockets on hydraulic transients in water pipelines
The pressure variations associated with a filling undulating pipeline containing an entrapped air pocket are investigated both experimentally and numerically. The influence of entrapped air on abnormal transient pressures is often ambiguous since the compressibility of the air pocket permits the liquid flow to accelerate but also partly cushions the system, with the balance of these tendencies being associated with the initial void fraction of the air pocket. Earlier experimental research involved systems with an initial void fraction greater than 5.8%; this paper focuses on initial void fractions ranging from 0% to 10%, in order to more completely characterize the transient response. Experimental results show that the maximum pressure increases and then decreases as the initial void fraction decreases. A simplified model is developed by neglecting the liquid inertia and energy loss of a short water column near the air-water interface. Comparisons of the calculated and observed results show the model is able to accurately predict peak pressures as a function of void fraction and filling conditions. Rigid water column models, however, perform poorly with small void fractions.
Zhou, Ling [Hohai University, China; Liu, Prof. Deyou [Hohai University, China; Karney, Professor Byran W. [University of Toronto; Zhang, Qin Fen [ORNL
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-lift water-pumping wind-turbines Sample...
water-pumping wind-turbines Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: air-lift water-pumping wind-turbines Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 Review...
Heavy Metal Contamination In Soil Under The Application Of Polluted Sewage Water Across Vrishabhavathi River
The main aim in this study is to assess the level of heavy metals concentration in soil profile and their mobility in the presence of pH and organic carbon,where polluted water is used in agriculture. The samples of soil collected at different sites across Vrishabhavathi river valley have been analyzed for heavy metals, viz. Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe and Mn using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. These values assessed with respect to reference soil taken from unpolluted soil profile. The heavy metals studied at all sampling sites compared with Indian Standards and all heavy metals are below permissible limits. The concentration of all the metals is high compared to the soil sample taken from unpolluted site shows the build up of heavy metal concentration using polluted water in irrigation. The % of organic carbon varies from 1.9 to 2.9 % in top layer and 1 to 1.6 % in the subsequent layer. The pH value is higher on top layer soil and decreases in subsequent layer.
Jayadev E. T. Puttaih
Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2009
, the runoff volume and a partitioning factor. Sediment transport of P is simulated with a loading function as described in organic N transport. INTRODUCTION 19 Figure 0.7: Partitioning of Phosphorus in SWAT 0.2.1.6 PESTICIDES Although SWAT...:1.9 NITRATE IN THE SHALLOW AQUIFER 199 3:1.10 NOMENCLATURE 201 3:1.11 REFERENCES 203 CHAPTER 3:2 EQUATIONS: PHOSPHORUS 206 3:2.1 PHOSPHORUS CYCLE 207 INITIALIZATION OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS LEVELS 208 3:2.2 MINERALIZATION...
Neitsch, S.L.; Arnold, J.G.; Kiniry, J.R.; Williams, J.R.
An air-to-air heat pump (COP-3.11 at 470 F (8.30C)) run alternately with an electric-resistance water
- ter than that of the system using electric resistance water heating. An analytical tinclel predicts of a high-efficiency heat pump'/electric-resistance .waterheater (IIP/IZR) system. TEST FACILITIES#12;/ ABSTRACT An air-to-air heat pump (COP-3.11 at 470 F (8.30C)) run alternately with an electric
Forage, soil and water quality responses to animal waste application
result in a net surplus of P and potential nutrient escape to surface waters (Dudzinsky et al. , 1983). Dairy effluent poses a lesser risk of phosphorus loading than does poultry litter since the concentration of nutrients in dairy effluent averages...
Johnson, Andrew Floyd
Precipitates Suppress Mobility Of Metals in Soil and Water
and water with hazardous metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, and nickel is a national environ- mental increased over time. This increase may be due to activi- ties at industries like tanneries and smelters
Self-Assembly of CdTe Tetrapods into Network Monolayers at the Air/Water
Self-Assembly of CdTe Tetrapods into Network Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface Matthew D present a versatile method for cadmium telluride (CdTe) tetrapod syn- thesis by utilizing multiple Te the tetrapod shape. CdTe tetra- pods are a promising inorganic semicon- ductor for photovoltaic cells due
Lin, Zhiqun
Feasibility Study of Developing a Virtual Chilled Water Flow Meter at Air Handling Unit Level
In this paper, a virtual Air handling unit (AHU) level water flow meter is explored by using a control valve as a measurement device. The flow through the valve is indirectly calculated using differential pressure over both the valve and its...
Song, L.; Swamy, A.; Shim, G.
Numerical simulation of air/water multiphase flows for ceramic sanitary ware design by multiple GPUs
and kitchen fittings. Facing the increasing demands for saving energy and water, TOTO has always targeted schemes and port the code to the GPU platforms to accelerate the large scale computations for real** Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of energy sciences Numerical simulation of air
Furui, Sadaoki
A Study of Atmospheric Deposition of Air Toxics to the Waters of Puget Sound
, Washington, it is vital to determine what the impacts of such growth have had on air and water quality and if greater needs in regulation are needed to curtail emissions. A bi-weekly deposition study of atmospheric particulate matter at seven sites around...
Aguirre, Danielle
The mobility of water soluble organic compounds in soils from the land application of petroleum waste sludge
THE MOBILITY OF WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SOILS FROM THE LAND APPLICATION OF PETROLEUM WASTE SLUDGE A Thesis by GORDON BARCUS EVANS, JR. Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&l1 University in partial fulfillment... of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1979 Major Subject: Soil Science THE MOBILITY OF WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN SOILS FROM THE LAND APPLICATION OF PETROLEUM WASTE SLUDGE A Thesis by GORDON BARCUS EVANS, JR. Approved...
Evans, Gordon Barcus
Navier-Stokes simulations of steep breaking water waves with a coupled air-water interface
Wave breaking on the ocean surface significantly facilitates the transfer of mass, momentum, heat and energy across the air-sea interface. In the context of the near field flow about a surface ship, the breaking bow wave ...
Hendrickson, Kelli L
Selenium in Oklahoma ground water and soil. Quarterly report No. 6
Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida RECYLCING OF GUYPSUM DRYWALL IN FLORIDA
Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida RECYLCING OF GUYPSUM DRYWALL IN FLORIDA of landfills in Florida, it is more cost- effective to reuse them. However, there are some concerns the recycling of three important solid wastes in Florida, i.e. #1 cement kiln dust (CKD) and #16 gypsum drywalls
RESEARCH PROJECTS & IDEAS FOR FALL 2013 Soil and Water Lab, Ecohydrology Group (compiled by Todd Walter)
NEW (ish) Aquatic Ecology and Hydraulic Fracturing (WRI/DEC, other) Maya Field work done; counting1 RESEARCH PROJECTS & IDEAS FOR FALL 2013 Soil and Water Lab, Ecohydrology Group (compiled by Todd and N- treatments Cayuga Lake watershed modeling (Cornell) Erin with Becky, Dan, and Brian Need to start
ORIGINAL PAPER Effects of elevated CO2 and soil water content on phytohormone
and agricultural productivity (Goldblum 2009), whereas elevated CO2 has the opposite effect (Ainsworth and LongORIGINAL PAPER Effects of elevated CO2 and soil water content on phytohormone transcript induction increased atmospheric CO2 and drought in the future, possibly altering plant� insect dynamics
DeLucia, Evan H.
of droughts this century (Meehl et al. 2007). Typically, drought reduces yield and agricultural productivityORIGINAL PAPER Effects of elevated CO2 and soil water content on phytohormone transcript induction Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract Plants will experience increased atmospheric CO2 and drought
Barrier erosion control test plan: Gravel mulch, vegetation, and soil water interactions
Soil erosion could reduce the water storage capacity of barriers that have been proposed for the disposal of near-surface waste at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Gravel mixed into the top soil surface may create a self-healing veneer that greatly retards soil loss. However, gravel admixtures may also enhance infiltration of rainwater, suppress plant growth and water extraction, and lead to the leaching of underlying waste. This report describes plans for two experiments that were designed to test hypotheses concerning the interactive effects of surface gravel admixtures, revegetation, and enhanced precipitation on soil water balance and plant abundance. The first experiment is a factorial field plot set up on the site selected as a soil borrow area for the eventual construction of barriers. The treatments, arranged in a a split-split-plot design structure, include two densities of gravel admix, a mixture of native and introduced grasses, and irrigation to simulate a wetter climate. Changes in soil water storage and plant cover are monitored with neutron moisture probes and point intercept sampling, respectively. The second experiment consists of an array of 80 lysimeters containing several different barrier prototypes. Surface treatments are similar to the field-plot experiment. Drainage is collected from a valve at the base of each lysimeter tube, and evapotranspiration is estimated by subtraction. The lysimeters are also designed to be coupled to a whole-plant gas exchange system that will be used to conduct controlled experiments on evapotranspiration for modeling purposes. 56 refs., 6 figs., 8 tabs.
Waugh, W.J.; Link, S.O. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA))
A method to predict the soil susceptibility to compaction of surface layers as a function of water content and bulk density
of the stress/strain relationship, as well as the mechanical parameters and their variation with different soil between soil mechanical properties and easily measurable soil properties as well as water content and bulk an important role in clayey and loamy soils. In contrast, for sandy soils, the mechanical parameters were less
Boyer, Edmond
Treatability test of a stacked-tray air stripper for VOC in water
A common strategy for hydraulic containment and mass removal at VOC contaminated sites is `pump and treat (P&T)`. In P&T operations, contaminated ground water is pumped from wells, treated above ground, and discharged. Many P&T remediation systems at VOC sites rely on air stripping technology because VOCs are easily transferred to the vapor phase. In stacked-tray air strippers, contaminated water is aerated while it flows down through a series of trays. System operations at LLNL are strictly regulated by the California and federal Environmental Protection Agencies (Cal/EPA and EPA), the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) and the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC). These agencies set discharge limits, require performance monitoring, and assess penalties for non-compliance. National laboratories are also subject to scrutiny by the public and other government agencies. This extensive oversight makes it necessary to accurately predict field treatment performance at new extraction locations to ensure compliance with all requirements prior to facility activation. This paper presents treatability test results for a stacked- tray air stripper conducted at LLNL and compares them to the vendor`s modeling software results.
Pico, T., LLNL
Soil and water dynamics in a microcatchment system for range improvement in West Texas
desert environments since it can be applied in granular form and allowed to melt to seal pores in the soil surface. Frasier et al. (1979), using a sprinkler system to create runoff on a four year old paraffin coated catchment area, found a runoff...SOIL AND WATER DYNAMICS IN A MICROCATCHMENT SYSTEM FOR RANGE IMPROVEMENT IN WEST TEXAS A Thesis by STEVEN JAY MARANZ Submitted to the office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements...
Maranz, Steven Jay
Water infiltration studies of the major rice producing soil series of the Texas Gulf Coast
for serving as a member on my thesis committee. I am also grateful for the assistance of the District So11 Con- servation Serv1ce (SCS) offices 1n locating sites and to the Area SCS offices for the site evaluat1ons. In particular, I would 11ke to thank... Gerald Crenwelge, Area Soil Scientist - Rosenberg, and Wesley Miller, Area Soil Sc1 enti st - III ctori a . The Geological Survey, U. S. Department of the Interior and the Texas Water Resource Institute prov1ded funding and guidance for th1s study...
Nesmith, Douglas M
Development of an Air-Source Heat Pump Integrated with a Water Heating / Dehumidification Module
A residential-sized dual air-source integrated heat pump (AS-IHP) concept is under development in partnership between ORNL and a manufacturer. The concept design consists of a two-stage air-source heat pump (ASHP) coupled on the air distribution side with a separate novel water heating/dehumidification (WH/DH) module. The motivation for this unusual equipment combination is the forecast trend for home sensible loads to be reduced more than latent loads. Integration of water heating with a space dehumidification cycle addresses humidity control while performing double-duty. This approach can be applied to retrofit/upgrade applications as well as new construction. A WH/DH module capable of ~1.47 L/h water removal and ~2 kW water heating capacity was assembled by the manufacturer. A heat pump system model was used to guide the controls design; lab testing was conducted and used to calibrate the models. Performance maps were generated and used in a TRNSYS sub-hourly simulation to predict annual performance in a well-insulated house. Annual HVAC/WH energy savings of ~35% are predicted in cold and hot-humid U.S. climates compared to a minimum efficiency baseline.
Rice, C Keith [ORNL] [ORNL; Uselton, Robert B. [Lennox Industries, Inc] [Lennox Industries, Inc; Shen, Bo [ORNL] [ORNL; Baxter, Van D [ORNL] [ORNL; Shrestha, Som S [ORNL] [ORNL
Fisk-based criteria to support validation of detection methods for drinking water and air.
This report was prepared to support the validation of analytical methods for threat contaminants under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) program. It is designed to serve as a resource for certain applications of benchmark and fate information for homeland security threat contaminants. The report identifies risk-based criteria from existing health benchmarks for drinking water and air for potential use as validation targets. The focus is on benchmarks for chronic public exposures. The priority sources are standard EPA concentration limits for drinking water and air, along with oral and inhalation toxicity values. Many contaminants identified as homeland security threats to drinking water or air would convert to other chemicals within minutes to hours of being released. For this reason, a fate analysis has been performed to identify potential transformation products and removal half-lives in air and water so appropriate forms can be targeted for detection over time. The risk-based criteria presented in this report to frame method validation are expected to be lower than actual operational targets based on realistic exposures following a release. Note that many target criteria provided in this report are taken from available benchmarks without assessing the underlying toxicological details. That is, although the relevance of the chemical form and analogues are evaluated, the toxicological interpretations and extrapolations conducted by the authoring organizations are not. It is also important to emphasize that such targets in the current analysis are not health-based advisory levels to guide homeland security responses. This integrated evaluation of chronic public benchmarks and contaminant fate has identified more than 200 risk-based criteria as method validation targets across numerous contaminants and fate products in drinking water and air combined. The gap in directly applicable values is considerable across the full set of threat contaminants, so preliminary indicators were developed from other well-documented benchmarks to serve as a starting point for validation efforts. By this approach, at least preliminary context is available for water or air, and sometimes both, for all chemicals on the NHSRC list that was provided for this evaluation. This means that a number of concentrations presented in this report represent indirect measures derived from related benchmarks or surrogate chemicals, as described within the many results tables provided in this report.
MacDonell, M.; Bhattacharyya, M.; Finster, M.; Williams, M.; Picel, K.; Chang, Y.-S.; Peterson, J.; Adeshina, F.; Sonich-Mullin, C.; Environmental Science Division; EPA
Field test of hydrophobic soil clod mulch for soil water conservation in a semiarid area
for mulched and unmulched profiles? 0. 0 m ? 2. 25 m, over the dry period, February 28 - April 4, 1977 . 7' TABLF Page 14. Yieasured vs. calculated weekly water balances for profiles of 0. 15 m ? 2. 25 m, for mulched and unmulched pro files dur Ing... the wet period, October 4? November 1, 1976 . 73 15. M asured vs. calculated weekly water balances ;-or profiles of 0. 15 m ? 2. 25 m, for mulched ano unmulched profiles during the dry period, February 28? April 4, 1977 75 16. Simulated i. emperature...
Horton, Robert
Study site in Son La Province, Vietnam investigating appropriate soil-water-plant management practices for sustainable crop and livestock production (CRP project
Study site in Son La Province, Vietnam investigating appropriate soil-water-plant management Schmitter). To Our Readers The Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition (SWMCN) Section and the SWMCN-2013 programme with other FAO Divisions through result-based activities relating to soil and water management
Richner, Heinz
Water on Crop Biomass and Soil Permeability FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear SecurityTensile Strain Switched FerromagnetismWaste and Materials Disposition3 Water Vapor ExperimentIrrigating with
Bibliography of work on the photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air
This is a bibliography of information in the open literature on work that has been done to date on the photocatalytic oxidation of compounds, principally organic compounds. The goal of the listing is removing hazardous oompounds from water or air. It contains lists of substances and literature citations. The bibliography includes information obtained through the middle of 1993 and some selected references for the balance of that year.
Blake, D.M.
Air entrainment in transient flows in closed water pipes: a two-layer approach
In this paper, we first construct a model for transient free surface flows that takes into account the air entrainment by a sytem of 4 partial differential equations. We derive it by taking averaged values of gas and fluid velocities on the cross surface flow in the Euler equations (incompressible for the fluid and compressible for the gas). Then, we propose a mathematical kinetic interpretation of this system to finally construct a well-balanced kinetic scheme having the properties of conserving the still water steady state and possesing an energy. Finally, numerical tests on closed uniforms water pipes are performed and discussed.
Bourdarias, Christian; Gerbi, St�phane
Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process for in situ destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbon and fuel hydrocarbon contaminants in water and soil
In situ hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation process is useful for in situ degradation of hydrocarbon water and soil contaminants. Fuel hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates and other organic contaminants present in the soil and water are degraded by the process involving hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation into non-toxic products of the degradation. The process uses heat which is distributed through soils and water, optionally combined with oxygen and/or hydrocarbon degradation catalysts, and is particularly useful for remediation of solvent, fuel or other industrially contaminated sites.
Knauss, Kevin G. (Livermore, CA); Copenhaver, Sally C. (Livermore, CA); Aines, Roger D. (Livermore, CA)
Fracture toughness of Alloy 690 and EN52 weld in air and water
The effect of low and high temperature water with high hydrogen on the fracture toughness of Alloy 690 and its weld, EN52, was characterized using elastic-plastic J{sub IC} methodology. While both materials display excellent fracture resistance in air and elevated temperature (>93 C) water, a dramatic degradation in toughness is observed in 54 C water. The loss of toughness is associated with a hydrogen-induced intergranular cracking mechanism where hydrogen is picked up from the water. Comparison of the cracking behavior in low temperature water with that for hydrogen-precharged specimens tested in air indicates that the critical local hydrogen content required to cause low temperature embrittlement is on the order of 120 to 160 ppm. Loading rate studies show that the cracking resistance is significantly improved at rates above ca. 1000 MPa{radical}m/h because there is insufficient time to produce grain boundary embrittlement. Electron fractographic examinations were performed to correlate cracking behavior with microstructural features and operative fracture mechanics.
Brown, C.M.; Mills, W.J.
Optimality and Conductivity for Water Flow: From Landscapes, to Unsaturated Soils, to Plant Leaves
Optimality principles have been widely used in many areas. Based on an optimality principle that any flow field will tend toward a minimum in the energy dissipation rate, this work shows that there exists a unified form of conductivity relationship for three different flow systems: landscapes, unsaturated soils and plant leaves. The conductivity, the ratio of water flux to energy gradient, is a power function of water flux although the power value is system dependent. This relationship indicates that to minimize energy dissipation rate for a whole system, water flow has a small resistance (or a large conductivity) at a location of large water flux. Empirical evidence supports validity of the relationship for landscape and unsaturated soils (under gravity dominated conditions). Numerical simulation results also show that the relationship can capture the key features of hydraulic structure for a plant leaf, although more studies are needed to further confirm its validity. Especially, it is of interest that according to this relationship, hydraulic conductivity for gravity-dominated unsaturated flow, unlike that defined in the classic theories, depends on not only capillary pressure (or saturation), but also the water flux. Use of the optimality principle allows for determining useful results that are applicable to a broad range of areas involving highly non-linear processes and may not be possible to obtain from classic theories describing water flow processes.
Liu, H.H.
ENVIR 202: EARTH, AIR, WATER PERSPECTIVES ON EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS for Water (W)
with the basic questions from the first hand-out (25 Feb 2003..on the class web-page), please pose some of your-water' and `deep-water' waves. This shallow and deep is measured in comparison to the wavelength. The wavespeed that the fastest gravity waves in the deep ocean can move at (9.8 x 4000) or 200 m/sec (450 m.p.h.). When
IEA Heat Pump Conference 2011, 16 -19 May 2011, Tokyo, Japan DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP WATER
. Compared to those water heaters, heat pump water heating systems can supply much more heat just with the same amount of electric input used for electric water heaters. The ASHPWH absorbs heat from the ambient- 1 - 10th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2011, 16 - 19 May 2011, Tokyo, Japan DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN AIR
Summary of Inorganic Compositional Data for Groundwater, Soil-Water, and Surface-Water Samples at the Headgate Draw Subsurface Drip Irrigation Site
As part of a 5-year project on the impact of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) application of coalbed-methane (CBM) produced waters, water samples were collected from the Headgate Draw SDI site in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. This research is part of a larger study to understand short- and long-term impacts on both soil and water quality from the beneficial use of CBM waters to grow forage crops through use of SDI. This document provides a summary of the context, sampling methodology, and quality assurance and quality control documentation of samples collected prior to and over the first year of SDI operation at the site (May 2008-October 2009). This report contains an associated database containing inorganic compositional data, water-quality criteria parameters, and calculated geochemical parameters for samples of groundwater, soil water, surface water, treated CBM waters, and as-received CBM waters collected at the Headgate Draw SDI site.
Geboy, Nicholas J.; Engle, Mark A.; Schroeder, Karl T.; Zupanic, John W.
The mutagenic potential of soil and runoff water from land treatment of three hazardous industrial wastes
of agricultural chemicals and the performance of hazardous waste land treatment facilities. This study used a bioassay directed chemical analysis protocol to monitor the environmental fate of mutagenic constituents from a simulated land treatment demonstration...THE MUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF SOIL AND RUNOFF WATER FROM LAND TREATMENT OF THREE HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES A Thesis by PHEBE DAYOL Submitted to the Graduate College of Te xa s ASM Un i ver s i ty in partial fulfillment of the requirement...
Davol, Phebe
Soil Water Balance and Recharge Monitoring at the Hanford Site - FY09 Status Report
Recharge provides the primary driving force for transporting contaminants from the vadose zone to underlying aquifer systems. Quantification of recharge rates is important for assessing contaminant transport and fate and for evaluating remediation alternatives. This report describes the status of soil water balance and recharge monitoring performed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at the Hanford Site for Fiscal Year 2009. Previously reported data for Fiscal Years 2004 - 2008 are updated with data collected in Fiscal Year 2009 and summarized.
Rockhold, Mark L.; Saunders, Danielle L.; Strickland, Christopher E.; Waichler, Scott R.; Clayton, Ray E.
UNSAT-H Version 2. 0: Unsaturated soil water and heat flow model
This report documents UNSAT-H Version 2.0, a model for calculating water and heat flow in unsaturated media. The documentation includes the bases for the conceptual model and its numerical implementation, benchmark test cases, example simulations involving layered soils and plant transpiration, and the code listing. Waste management practices at the Hanford Site have included disposal of low-level wastes by near-surface burial. Predicting the future long-term performance of any such burial site in terms of migration of contaminants requires a model capable of simulating water flow in the unsaturated soils above the buried waste. The model currently used to meet this need is UNSAT-H. This model was developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to assess water dynamics of near-surface, waste-disposal sites at the Hanford Site. The code is primarily used to predict deep drainage as a function of such environmental conditions as climate, soil type, and vegetation. UNSAT-H is also used to simulate the effects of various practices to enhance isolation of wastes. 66 refs., 29 figs., 7 tabs.
Fayer, M.J.; Jones, T.L.
Measurement of biodegradation rate constants of a water extract from petroleum-contaminated soil
The study of biodegradation rate constants of petroleum products in water extract from contaminated soil presents an important component in the evaluation of bioremediation process. In this study, soil samples were gathered from an industrial site which was used for maintenance and storage of heavy equipment used in the oil and gas exploration and production industry. The petroleum contaminants were extracted from the soil using distilled water. This water extract was used as the substrate to acclimate a microbial community and also for the biological kinetic studies. Kinetic studies were carried out in batch reactors, and the biodegradation rates were monitored by a computer-controlled respirometer. The BOD data were analyzed by using the Monod equation. Experimental results give the average value of the maximum rate constant as 0.038 mg BOD/(mg VSS hr) and the average value of the substrate concentration of half rate as 746 mg BOD/l. A GC/MS analysis on the sample of the test solutions before and after 5 days of biological oxidation indicates that the hydrocarbons initially present in the solution were degraded.
Li, K.Y.; Kane, A.J.; Wang, J.J.; Cawley, W.A. (Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX (United States). Chemical Engineering Dept.)
Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida Environmental impacts of lead pellets at shooting ranges and arsenical herbicides
Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida Environmental impacts of lead pellets 4/1999-3/2002 Objectives: · Evaluate the environmental impacts of lead pellets at shooting ranges
Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Forestry, Wildlife, Water and Soil Resources, Fisheries and Aquaculture,
Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Forestry, Wildlife, Water and Soil to receive academic credit for FANR 3910, Forestry and Natural Resources Practicum, the intern must complete
Hall, Daniel
Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Forestry, Wildlife, Water and Soil to receive academic credit for FANR 3900, Forestry and Natural Resources Internship, the intern must work
Summary of research and development effort on air and water cooling of gas turbine blades
The review on air- and water-cooled gas turbines from the 1904 Lemale-Armengaud water-cooled gas turbine, the 1948 to 1952 NACA work, and the program at GE indicates that the potential of air cooling has been largely exploited in reaching temperatures of 1100/sup 0/C (approx. 2000/sup 0/F) in utility service and that further increases in turbine inlet temperature may be obtained with water cooling. The local heat flux in the first-stage turbine rotor with water cooling is very high, yielding high-temperature gradients and severe thermal stresses. Analyses and tests indicate that by employing a blade with an outer cladding of an approx. 1-mm-thick oxidation-resistant high-nickel alloy, a sublayer of a high-thermal-conductivity, high-strength, copper alloy containing closely spaced cooling passages approx. 2 mm in ID to minimize thermal gradients, and a central high-strength alloy structural spar, it appears possible to operate a water-cooled gas turbine with an inlet gas temperature of 1370/sup 0/C. The cooling-water passages must be lined with an iron-chrome-nickel alloy must be bent 90/sup 0/ to extend in a neatly spaced array through the platform at the base of the blade. The complex geometry of the blade design presents truly formidable fabrication problems. The water flow rate to each of many thousands of coolant passages must be metered and held to within rather close limits because the heat flux is so high that a local flow interruption of only a few seconds would lead to a serious failure.Heat losses to the cooling water will run approx. 10% of the heat from the fuel. By recoverying this waste heat for feedwater heating in a command cycle, these heat losses will give a degradation in the power plant output of approx. 5% relative to what might be obtained if no cooling were required. However, the associated power loss is less than half that to be expected with an elegant air cooling system.
Fraas, A.P.
Water Structure at Air/Acetonitrile Aqueous Solution Interfaces Yi Rao, Nicholas J. Turro, and Kenneth B. Eisenthal*
Water Structure at Air/Acetonitrile Aqueous Solution Interfaces Yi Rao, Nicholas J. Turro organized beneath an acetonitrile monolayer at the air/acetonitrile aqueous solution interface? The method-like", and the non-hydrogen bonded "free" OD, responded differently as the acetonitrile bulk concentration
Development of minimum efficiency standards for large capacity air conditioners, and commercial water heaters, refrigerators, and freezers. Final report
The California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission has promulgated appliance energy efficiency standards and energy conservation standards for new construction with the objective of reducing energy consumption in the State of California. The following appliance categories are specifically addressed: large capacity air conditioners; commercial water heaters; and commercial refrigerators and freezers. The tasks that have been performed include: an energy use pattern study for the subject equipment; an examination of the size distribution of commercial air conditioning equipment; an examination of the different types of commercial air conditioning systems; an evaluation of the effectiveness of economizers in reducing commercial air conditioning system energy consumption in California; an examination of the effects of oversizing commercial air conditioners; a detailed study of supermarket refrigeration and air conditioning equipment; an evaluation of the economic feasibility of utilizing air conditioner waste heat to heat water; an assessment of the applicability of existing test procedures for small water heaters to large water heaters; and a brief investigation of the marketing and distribution systems for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Results of the efforts are described.
Merrill, P.S.; Rettberg, R.J.; Erickson, R.C.; Toor, J.S.
A Computational Analysis of Smart Timing Decisions for Heating Based on an Air-to-Water Heat pump SMARTER EUROPE E-world energy & water 2014 Proceedings page 1
A Computational Analysis of Smart Timing Decisions for Heating Based on an Air-to-Water Heat pump Decisions for Heating Based on an Air-to-Water Heat pump Jan Treur VU University Amsterdam, Agent Systems be most efficient to use this energy in these periods. For air to water heat pumps a similar issue occurs
Treur, Jan
Discussion of "Estimation of the Water Balance Using Observed Soil Water in the
-5584.0000157 Jozsef Szilagyi1 1Dept. of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Budapest Univ. of Technology; Szilagyi et al. 2003, 2005_. Consequently, the ET rate the authors publish cannot be a regional average water balance terms one is kindly referred to the studies by Szilagyi et al. _2003, 2005_, which show
Szilagyi, Jozsef
Root Water Uptake and Soil Water Dynamics in a Karst Savanna on the Edwards Plateau, TX
made to a depth of 1.6 m in a 25 m ? 25 m grid (5 m node spacing). The results showed that rock created high spatial variability in water storage. Water storage capacity in the measurement grid ranged from 185 to 401 mm, and coupled with heterogeneous...
Tokumoto, Ieyasu
Recommended Parameter Values for GENII Modeling of Radionuclides in Routine Air and Water Releases
The GENII v2 code is used to estimate dose to individuals or populations from the release of radioactive materials into air or water. Numerous parameter values are required for input into this code. User-defined parameters cover the spectrum from chemical data, meteorological data, agricultural data, and behavioral data. This document is a summary of parameter values that reflect conditions in the United States. Reasonable regional and age-dependent data is summarized. Data availability and quality varies. The set of parameters described address scenarios for chronic air emissions or chronic releases to public waterways. Considerations for the special tritium and carbon-14 models are briefly addressed. GENIIv2.10.0 is the current software version that this document supports.
Snyder, Sandra F.; Arimescu, Carmen; Napier, Bruce A.; Hay, Tristan R.
Acoustically enhanced remediation of contaminated soils and ground water. Volume 1
The Phase 1 laboratory bench-scale investigation results have shown that acoustically enhanced remediation (AER) technology can significantly accelerate the ground water remediation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in unconsolidated soils. The testing also determined some of the acoustic parameters which maximize fluid and contaminant extraction rates. A technology merit and trade analysis identified the conditions under which AER could be successfully deployed in the field, and an analysis of existing acoustical sources and varying methods for their deployment found that AER technology can be successfully deployed in-situ. Current estimates of deployability indicate that a NAPL plume 150 ft in diameter can be readily remediated. This program focused on unconsolidated soils because of the large number of remediation sites located in this type of hydrogeologic setting throughout the nation. It also focused on NAPLs and low permeability soil because of the inherent difficult in the remediation of NAPLs and the significant time and cost impact caused by contaminated low permeability soils. This overall program is recommended for Phase 2 which will address the technology scaling requirements for a field scale test.
Effect of pH, phosphorus, and water-extractable zinc of soil on plant growth and zinc absorption
EFFECT OF pH~ PHOSPHORilS, AND WATER-EXTRACTABLE ZINC OF SOIL ON PLANT GROWTH AND ZINC ABSORPT1ON A Thesis Najafali Karimian Submitted to the Graduate College cf Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1970 Major Sub ject: Soil Chemistry EFFECT OF pH, PHOSPHORUS, AND WATER-EXTRACTABLE ZINC OF SOIL ON PLANT GROWTH AND ZINC ABSORPTION A Thesis by NajafaIi Karimian Approved as to sty1e and content by: Chairman Committee...
Karimian, Najafali
Advances in the development of energy efficient technologies: Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)
Sea water air conditioning (SWAC) is a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to and/or enhancement of air conditioning from mechanical chillers. SWAC pumps cold sea water from the appropriate ocean depths (50 to 3,000 feet depending on the climate and local characteristics) to the shore where it replaces (by direct cooling) or enhances (through use as condenser water) large mechanical chillers found in coastal facilities. SWAC direct cooling uses less than twenty per cent of the electricity of a mechanical chiller and uses no refrigerants whatsoever. Indirect cooling also offers substantial energy savings. Both systems dispense with the need for a cooling tower. Technical advances over the last twenty years in corrosion resistant alloys (titanium or aluminum), bio-fouling deterrence, and deep ocean pipeline deployment allow SWAC installations to use reliable, off-the-shelf technology. SWAC works in a variety of climates (existing installations are in Hawaii and Halifax, Nova Scotia), giving it significant domestic and international potential. Economy-of-scale advantages make it attractive to district cooling schemes.
Coony, J.E. [Boston Pacific Co., Inc., Washington, DC (United States)
A comparison of measured and simulated soil water depletion in the crop root zone
(w) aH/ax) - r(x). [1/s] (8) If a single value relationship between h and w is assumed, and the diffusivity D in m /s is represented by K(w). ah/aw, Eq. {8) becomes: 2 aw/at = a/ax (D(w) aw/ax) - ak(w)/ ax - r(x). [I/s] (9) Equation (9... by rL 2 C = T/( ] R(x)D(w)dx) [I/m ] (11) 0 where T is the transpiration rate per unit soil surface area (m water/(m soil, s)) and L is the depth to the bottom of the root zone 2 (m). The e+fective root distribution function is defined as a...
Lascano A., Roberto
"Life Depends on Soil, Water, and Climate" Centennial Seminar Series Spring 2013
Engineering, University of Minnesota Air Pollution Kills! So What? Air Quality Engineering to Improve Public
Thomas, David D.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation As a Methold to Beneficiallly Use Coalbed Methane Produced Water: Initial Impacts to Groundwater, Soil Water, and Surface Water
Coalbed methane (CBM) currently accounts for >8% of US natural gas production. Compared to traditional sources, CBM co-produces large volumes of water. Of particular interest is CBM development in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana, the 2nd largest CBM production field in the US, where CBM produced waters exhibit low to moderate TDS and relatively high sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR) that could potentially impact the surface environment. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is an emerging technology for beneficial use of pre-treated CBM waters (injectate) which are emitted into the root zone of an agricultural field to aid in irrigation. The method is designed to minimize environmental impacts by storing potentially detrimental salts in the vadose zone. Research objectives include tracking the transport and fate of the water and salts from the injected CBM produced waters at an SDI site on an alluvial terrace, adjacent to the Powder River, Johnson County, Wyoming. This research utilizes soil science, geochemical, and geophysical methods. Initial results from pre-SDI data collection and the first 6-months of post-SDI operation will be presented. Substantial ranges in conductivity (2732-9830 {micro}S/cm) and dominant cation chemistry (Ca-SO{sub 4} to Na-SO{sub 4}) have been identified in pre-SDI analyses of groundwater samples from the site. Ratios of average composition of local ground water to injectate demonstrate that the injectate contains lower concentrations of most constituents except for Cr, Zn, and Tl (all below national water quality standards) but exhibits a higher SAR. Composition of soil water varies markedly with depth and between sites, suggesting large impacts from local controls, including ion exchange and equilibrium with gypsum and carbonates. Changes in chemical composition and specific conductivity along surface water transects adjacent to the site are minimal, suggesting that discharge to the Powder River from groundwater underlying the SDI fields is negligible. Findings from this project provide a critical understanding of water and salt dynamics associated with SDI systems using CBM produced water. The information obtained can be used to improve SDI and other CBM produced water use/disposal technologies in order to minimize adverse impacts.
Engle, M.A.: Bern, C: Healy, R: Sams, J: Zupancic, J.: Schroeder, K.
Optimized design of a heat exchanger for an air-to-water reversible heat pump working with propane (R290)
Optimized design of a heat exchanger for an air-to-water reversible heat pump working with propane-to-water reversible heat pump unit was carried out using two different fin-and-tube heat exchanger ``coil'' designs concepts. The performance of the heat pump was evaluated for each coil design at different superheat
Fernández de Córdoba, Pedro
Groundwater recharge estimates using a soil-water-balance model for the Powder River and Williston structural basins
Groundwater recharge estimates using a soil-water-balance model for the Powder River and Williston for the lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous aquifer system in the Powder River and Williston structural basins in the Williston structural basin will require trillions of gallons of water from this aquifer system over the next
Torgersen, Christian
Modeling Storm Water Runoff and Soil Interflow in a Managed Forest, Upper Coastal Plain of the Southeast US.
The Forest Service-Savannah River is conducting a hectare-scale monitoring and modeling study on forest productivity in a Short Rotation Woody Crop plantation at the Savannah River Site, which is on Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Detailed surveys, i.e., topography, soils, vegetation, and dainage network, of small (2-5 ha) plots have been completed in a 2 square-km watershed draining to Fourmile Creek, a tributary of the Savannah River. We wish to experimentally determine the relative importance of interflow on water yield and water quality at this site. Interflow (shallow subsurface lateral flow) can short-circuit rainfall infiltration, preventing deep seepage and resulting in water and chemical residence times in the watershed much shorter than that if deep seepage were the sole component of infiltration. The soil series at the site (Wagram, Dothan, Fuquay, Ogeechee, and Vaucluse) each have a clay-rich B horizon of decimeter-scale thickness at depths of 1-2 m below surface. As interflow is affected by rainfall intensity and duration and soil properties such as porosity, permeability, and antecedent soil moisture, our calculations made using the Green and Ampt equation show that the intensity and duration of a storm event must be greater than about 3 cm per hour and 2 hours, respectively, in order to initiate interflow for the least permeable soils series (Vaucluse). Tabulated values of soil properties were used in these preliminary calculations. Simulations of the largest rainfall events from 1972-2002 data using the Green and Ampt equation provide an interflow: rainfall ratio of 0 for the permeable Wagram soil series (no interflow) compared to 0.46 for the less permeable Vaucluse soil series. These initial predictions will be compared to storm water hydrographs of interflow collected at the outflow point of each plot and refined using more detailed soil property measurements.
Callahan, T.J.; Cook, J.D.; Coleman, Mark D.; Amatya, Devendra M.; Trettin, Carl C.
Experimental investigation on the photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system on water-heating mode
An experimental study on operation performance of photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system was conducted in this paper. The experimental system of photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system was set up. The performance parameters such as the evaporation pressure, the condensation pressure and the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump air-conditioning system, the water temperature and receiving heat capacity in water heater, the photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and the photovoltaic efficiency were investigated. The experimental results show that the mean photovoltaic efficiency of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar heat pump air-conditioning system reaches 10.4%, and can improve 23.8% in comparison with that of the conventional photovoltaic module, the mean COP of heat pump air-conditioning system may attain 2.88 and the water temperature in water heater can increase to 42 C. These results indicate that the photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system has better performances and can stably work. (author)
Fang, Guiyin; Hu, Hainan; Liu, Xu [Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
E-Print Network 3.0 - air force plant Sample Search Results
coast, where the air, ground- water, and soil can... or may be damaged by the force of rainwater dropping from the roof. Once you know which plants you intend... plants that...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air toxics information Sample Search Results
leachate, Water Air Soil Pollut., 69, pp. 99... or risks? 2-5 June 2009 Toxicity Analysis and Public Health Aspects of Municipal Landfill Leachate: A Case... of these...
Uncertainty Analysis for a Virtual Flow Meter Using an Air-Handling Unit Chilled Water Valve
A virtual water flow meter is developed that uses the chilled water control valve on an air-handling unit as a measurement device. The flow rate of water through the valve is calculated using the differential pressure across the valve and its associated coil, the valve command, and an empirically determined valve characteristic curve. Thus, the probability of error in the measurements is significantly greater than for conventionally manufactured flow meters. In this paper, mathematical models are developed and used to conduct uncertainty analysis for the virtual flow meter, and the results from the virtual meter are compared to measurements made with an ultrasonic flow meter. Theoretical uncertainty analysis shows that the total uncertainty in flow rates from the virtual flow meter is 1.46% with 95% confidence; comparison of virtual flow meter results with measurements from an ultrasonic flow meter yielded anuncertainty of 1.46% with 99% confidence. The comparable results from the theoretical uncertainty analysis and empirical comparison with the ultrasonic flow meter corroborate each other, and tend to validate the approach to computationally estimating uncertainty for virtual sensors introduced in this study.
Song, Li; Wang, Gang; Brambley, Michael R.
Polyacrylamide and water quality effects on infiltration in sandy loam soils
were evaluated on a Hanford sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy,field tests near Fresno, CA, on Hanford sandy loam soils toA soil sam- ple (Hanford sandy loam) was shaken in 10 mg PAM
Ajwa, Husein A; Trout, T J
Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimal Design of Central Air-Conditioning Water System
.25 150 121.86 0.1182 1.92 200 131.55 0.0218 376.9729 1.0864 19 19 20 4.5 150 99.58 0.1013 1.57 150 107.18 0.1013 1163.561 1.6857 20 20 21 1.8 80 22.29 0.965 1.17 65 24.28 2.3884 1408.019 1.8046 21 22 23 1 80 22.29 0.5361 1.17 80 24.24 0.5361 315.0493... Wuxi, P. R. China, 214122 Shanghai? P. R. China, 200070 email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com Abstract: The optimal design of air-conditioning water system is an optimization problem of functions that depend on a series...
Feng, X.; Zou, Y.; Long, W.
An easily installable groundwater lysimeter to determine water balance components and hydraulic properties of peat soils Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 7(1), 2332 (2003) EGU
properties of peat soils 23 Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 7(1), 23�32 (2003) � EGU An easily installable groundwater lysimeter to determine water balance components and hydraulic properties of peat email@example.com Abstract A simple method for the installation of groundwater lysimeters in peat soils was developed which
Plasma Kinetics in Electrical Discharge in Mixture of Air, Water and Ethanol Vapors for Hydrogen Enriched Syngas Production
The complex theoretical and experimental investigation of plasma kinetics of the electric discharge in the mixture of air and ethanol-water vapors is carried out. The discharge was burning in the cavity, formed by air jets pumping between electrodes, placed in aqueous ethanol solution. It is found out that the hydrogen yield from the discharge is maximal in the case when ethanol and water in the solution are in equal amounts. It is shown that the hydrogen production increases with the discharge power and reaches the saturation at high value. The concentrations of the main stable gas-phase components, measured experimentally and calculated numerically, agree well in the most cases.
Shchedrin, A I; Ryabtsev, A V; Chernyak, V Ya; Yukhymenko, V V; Olszewski, S V; Naumov, V V; Prysiazhnevych, I V; Solomenko, E V; Demchina, V P; Kudryavtsev, V S
Air Handler Condensate Recovery at the Environmental Protection Agency's Science and Ecosystem Support Division: Best Management Practice Case Study #14; Alternate Water Sources (Fact Sheet)
FEMP Water Efficiency Best Management Practice #14 Case Study: Overview of the air handler condensate recovery program at the Environmental Protection Agency's Science and Ecosystem Support Division.
Not Available
Proposal for the award of a blanket contract for the supply, commissioning and maintenance of water-and air-cooled chillers
Proposal for the award of a blanket contract for the supply, commissioning and maintenance of water-and air-cooled chillers
(Cai et al., 2002). Smelting and mining sites are often significant sources Water, Air, and Soil Pollution (2005) 168: 7189 C Springer 2005 #12;72 A. O. FAYIGA AND L. Q. MA of arsenic contamination
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-cooled water chillers Sample Search...
and centrifugal chillers... ... xvi Adsorption Heat Pumps and Air Conditioners ... xvi Absorption Chillers......
Ecological Screening Values for Surface Water, Sediment, and Soil: 2005 Update
One of the principal components of the environmental remediation program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is the assessment of ecological risk. Used to support CERCLA, RCRA, and DOE orders, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) can identify environmental hazards and evaluate remedial action alternatives. Ecological risk assessment is also an essential means for achieving DOE's risk based end state vision for the disposition of nuclear material and waste hazards, the decommissioning of facilities, and the remediation of inactive waste units at SRS. The complexity of an ERA ranges from a screening level ERA (SLERA) to a full baseline ERA. A screening level ecological risk assessments, although abbreviated from a baseline risk assessment, is nonetheless considered a complete risk assessment (EPA, 2001a). One of the initial tasks of any ERA is to identify constituents that potentially or adversely affect the environment. Typically, this is accomplished by comparing a constituent's maximum concentration in surface water, sediment, or soil with an ecological screening value (ESV). The screening process can eliminate many constituents from further consideration in the risk assessment, but it also identifies those that require additional evaluation. This document is an update of a previous compilation (Friday, 1998) and provides a comprehensive listing of ecological screening values for surface water, sediment, and soil. It describes how the screening values were derived and recommends benchmarks that can be used for ecological risk assessment. The sources of these updated benchmarks include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the State of Florida, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), the Dutch Ministry of the Environment (RIVM), and the scientific literature. It should be noted that ESV's are continuously revised by the various issuing agencies. The references in this report provide the citations of each source and, where applicable, the internet address where they can be accessed. Although radiological screening values are not included herein due to space limitations, these have been recently derived by a technical working committee sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE 2002, 2004). The recommended ecological screening values represent the most conservative concentrations of the cited sources, and are to be used for screening purposes only. They do not represent remedial action cleanup levels. Their use at locations other than SRS should take into account environmental variables such as water quality, soil chemistry, flora and fauna, and other ecological attributes specific to the ecosystem potentially at risk.
Friday, G. P.
Forest and Soil Ecosystem Services University of Florida
Forest and Soil ESs (Sep. 4 to Sep. 14) - Morris a. Water control and yield b. Precipitation c. Air. These services include carbon sequestration, biodiversity, stabilization of hydrologic cycles, removal of air pollutants, aesthetic beauty, moderation of weather extremes and mitigation of natural disasters. Academic
Water Infiltration in Layered Soils with Air Entrapment: Modified Green-Ampt
Validation Ying Ma1 ; Shaoyuan Feng2 ; Hongbin Zhan3 ; Xiaodong Liu, M.S.4 ; Dongyuan Su, M.S.5 ; Shaozhong
Zhan, Hongbin
Jennifer Learned, Dana Nakase, Enrique Vivoni, and Sharon J . Hall. Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe AZ 85287-4501. Background: Plant growth in arid ecosystems is water limited. Soil water
Box 874501, Tempe AZ 85287-4501. Background: Plant growth in arid ecosystems is water limited. Soil and temperature sensors were installed at 7 cm. · Atmospheric temperature & humidity sensors were deployed in the soil box via sensors. · Simulations in Hydrus 2D were run to match soil box experiments. · Model output
Hall, Sharon J.
Changing the spatial location of electricity generation to increase water availability in areas with drought: a feasibility study and quantification of air quality impacts in Texas
The feasibility, cost, and air quality impacts of using electrical grids to shift water use from drought-stricken regions to areas with more water availability were examined. Power plant cooling represents a large portion ...
Pacsi, Adam P
Carbon dioxide and energy flux partitioning between the understorey and the overstorey of a maritime pine forest during a year with reduced soil water availability
during an atypical year with long-lasting reduced soil water availibility. Energy balance closure1 Carbon dioxide and energy flux partitioning between the understorey and the overstorey of a maritime pine forest during a year with reduced soil water availability Nathalie Jarosz* , Yves Brunet
B.Jhne and E. Monahan (eds.), Air-Water GasTransfer, 1995 by AEON Verlag I Physical and Chemical Mechanisms
W. K. Melville E. Terrill L. Ding Field Measurements of Air Entrainment by Breaking Waves D. FarmerB.Jähne and E. Monahan (eds.), Air-Water GasTransfer, © 1995 by AEON Verlag I Physical and Chemical Mechanisms B. Jähne Impact of Quantitative Visualization and Image Processing on the Study of Small-Scale Air
Surface Tensions in NaCl-Water-Air Systems from MD Simulations Ranjit Bahadur, Lynn M. Russell,*, and Saman Alavi
Surface Tensions in NaCl-Water-Air Systems from MD Simulations Ranjit Bahadur, Lynn M. Russell, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada ReceiVed: July 9, 2007; In Final Form: July 30, 2007 Surface tensions to the surface tension, while the energy-integral and test area methods provide direct estimates. At 1 atm
Russell, Lynn
14 Diffusive CO2 Flux at the Air-Water Interface of the Robert-Bourassa Hydroelectric Reservoir in
14 Diffusive CO2 Flux at the Air-Water Interface of the Robert-Bourassa Hydroelectric Reservoir Hydroelectric reservoirs and lakes in boreal Québec produce greenhouse gases (GHG) mainly in the form of CO2 of the interface. When applied to the Robert- Bourassa hydroelectric reservoir in boreal Québec, this model
Long, Bernard
Consistency in the Sum Frequency Generation Intensity and Phase Vibrational Spectra of the Air/Neat Water Interface
Tremendous progresses have been made in quantitative understanding and interpretation of the hydrogen bonding and ordering structure at the air/water interface since the first sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) measurement on the neat air/water interface by Q. Du et al. in 1993 (PRL, 70, 2312-2316, 1993.). However, there are still disagreements and controversies on the consistency between the different experiment measurements and the theoretical computational results. One critical problem lies in the inconsistency between the SFG-VS intensity measurements and the recently developed SFG-VS phase spectra measurements of the neat air/water interface, which has inspired various theoretical efforts trying to understand them. In this report, the reliability of the SFG-VS intensity spectra of the neat air/water interface is to be quantitatively examined, and the sources of possible inaccuracies in the SFG-VS phase spectral measurement is to be discussed based on the non-resonant SHG phase measurement results. The conclusion is that the SFG-VS intensity spectra data from different laboratories are now quantitatively converging and in agreement with each other, and the possible inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the SFG-VS phase spectra measurements need to be carefully examined against the properly corrected phase standard.
Feng, Ranran; Guo, Yuan; Lu, Rong; Velarde Ruiz Esparza, Luis A.; Wang, Hongfei
A low diffusive Lagrange-remap scheme for the simulation of violent air-water free-surface flows.
. The evolution of the interfaces between phases and the consecutive complex dynamics need to be simulatedA low diffusive Lagrange-remap scheme for the simulation of violent air-water free-surface flows. Introduction Simulation of free surface flows knows an increasing interest as an essential predictive tool
Summary of Soil and Water Conservation Research from the Blackland Experiment Station, Temple, Texas, 1942-53.
field soil. Organic matter and water- aggregates are much higher with grass sod than with continuous cultivation. There are slight oi matter and aggregation differences favoring crop rotations over continuous row crops, but most tions have involved... to explain a tendency toward higher yields with Houston Black clay. There is a small difference in available water favoring rotation and grass plots over continuous cultivation on Austi~ clay but not on Houston Black clay. Available phosphorus by CO...
Tippit, O. J. (Olin J.); Henderson, R. C.; Smith, Richard M.
Remote Sensing of Soil and Water Quality in Agroecosystems Vincent de Paul Obade & Rattan Lal & Jiquan Chen
and reflection radiometer ASD Analytical spectral device AVIRIS Airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer near real-time information on soil and water quality in the context of major land use practices SPOT Satellites pour l'observation de la terre or earth-observing satellites SWIR Short-wave infrared
Chen, Jiquan
Liquid chromatographic method for determination of water in soils and the optimization of anion separations by capillary zone electrophoresis
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of water in soil or clay samples is presented. In a separate study, the optimization of electrophoretic separation of alkylated phenolate ions was optimized by varying the pH and acetonitrile concentration of the buffer solutions.
Benz, N.
Competition between Atmospherically Relevant Fatty Acid Monolayers at the Air/Water Laura F. Voss, Christopher M. Hadad,* and Heather C. Allen*
Competition between Atmospherically Relevant Fatty Acid Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface Laura F. Voss, Christopher M. Hadad,* and Heather C. Allen* Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State Uni Competition and oxidation of fatty acids spread at the air/water interface were investigated using surface
and expansion has many applications in pneumatic and hydraulic systems, including in the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system for offshore wind turbine that has recently been proposed in [1,2]. Since the air
Li, Perry Y.
Shallow groundwater and soil chemistry response to 3 years of subsurface drip irrigation using coalbed-methane-produced water
Disposal of produced waters, pumped to the surface as part of coalbed methane (CBM) development, is a significant environmental issue in the Wyoming portion of the Powder River Basin, USA. High sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) of the waters could degrade agricultural land, especially if directly applied to the soil surface. One method of disposing of CBM water, while deriving beneficial use, is subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), where acidified CBM waters are applied to alfalfa fields year-round via tubing buried 0.92 m deep. Effects of the method were studied on an alluvial terrace with a relatively shallow depth to water table (?3 m). Excess irrigation water caused the water table to rise, even temporarily reaching the depth of drip tubing. The rise corresponded to increased salinity in some monitoring wells. Three factors appeared to drive increased groundwater salinity: (1) CBM solutes, concentrated by evapotranspiration; (2) gypsum dissolution, apparently enhanced by cation exchange; and (3) dissolution of native Na�Mg�SO{sub 4} salts more soluble than gypsum. Irrigation with high SAR (?24) water has increased soil saturated paste SAR up to 15 near the drip tubing. Importantly though, little change in SAR has occurred at the surface.
Bern, C. R.; Boehlke, A. R.; Engle, M. A.; Geboy, N. J.; Schroeder, K. T.; Zupancic, J. W.
Occurrence of Pesticides in Water, Sediment, and Soil from the Yolo Bypass, California
1992. Unusual persistence of DDT in some western USA soils.J. 2001. Bioremediation of DDT contaminated soils: A review.detected, along with DDT and its metabolites. Trifluralin,
Smalling, Kelly L.; Orlando, James L.; Kuivila, Kathryn M.
Movement and treatment of water containing Escherichia coli applied to soil by subsurface drip emitters
Drip tubing as a means of applying domestic wastewater to soil is increasing in use, especially in clayey soils that are unsuitable for traditional disposal systems. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate operational constraints of drip tubing...
Franti, Jason M
Air-to-Water Heat Pumps With Radiant Delivery in Low-Load Homes
Space conditioning represents nearly 50% of average residential household energy consumption, highlighting the need to identify alternative cost-effective, energy-efficient cooling and heating strategies. As homes are better built, there is an increasing need for strategies that are particularly well suited for high performance, low load homes. ARBI researchers worked with two test homes in hot-dry climates to evaluate the in-situ performance of air-to-water heat pump (AWHP) systems, an energy efficient space conditioning solution designed to cost-effectively provide comfort in homes with efficient, safe, and durable operation. Two monitoring projects of test houses in hot-dry climates were initiated in 2010 to test this system. Both systems were fully instrumented and have been monitored over one year to capture complete performance data over the cooling and heating seasons. Results are used to quantify energy savings, cost-effectiveness, and system performance using different operating modes and strategies. A calibrated TRNSYS model was developed and used to evaluate performance in various climate regions. This strategy is most effective in tight, insulated homes with high levels of thermal mass (i.e. exposed slab floors).
Backman, C.; German, A.; Dakin, B.; Springer, D.
Downward flow of water with entrained air in a nonuniformaly heated subdivided annulus
This paper describes an experimental study in which water was fed to a vertical annulus, entraining air in downward flow. The annulus was subdivided by longitudinal fins into four subchannels and was heated with an azimuthally varying heat flux. A bypass was provided to simulate flow in parallel channels. For steady liquid flow, inlet temperature, and pressure boundary conditions, the power was increased until critical heat flux was reached. Overheating characteristics were grouped according to the prevailing flow pattern. In annular flows (j{sub L} < 0.3 m/s) overheating of the whole test section occurs when steam production causes countercurrent flooding. In intermittent flows (0.3 < j{sub L} < 0.9 m/s) the overheating is confined to a portion of the hot subchannel. The mechanism is postulated to be stagnation of a large bubble. In bubble flows (0.9 m/s < j{sub L}) overheating occurs by diverting inlet flow to the bypass and again involves the whole test section. Except at the very lowest flow rates, critical heat flux occurs when the effluent liquid temperature is below saturation.
Johnston, B.S.; May, C.P.
isomorphic substitution for potassium leads to its environmental release Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 160 nonferrous mining, metal works, coal combustion, and cement plants (Schoer, 1984). Much more silver
A b s t r a c t. The paper presents a comparison of particle size distributions of 23 mineral soils from SE Poland obtained by the
fraction (sand). K e y w o r d s: mineral soils, particle size distribution, laser diffraction, areometric soils (Orthic Luvisols) and 1 black earth (Mollic Gleysol). Air-dry soil samples were sieved on 2 mm was prepared using distilled water as the liquid phase. To improve the credibility of results, the measurement
Soil Conservation Districts Law (Iowa)
This legislation establishes a soil and water conservation division within the Iowa Department of Agriculture, as well as local soil and water conservation districts. The regulations accompanying...
Beyond Plants Indicators and Soil Surface Properties in
micro-aggregates · Gives soil its dark color Short term Long term #12;Biotic Integrity Organic matter and mortality · Erosion · Vegetation changes · Establishment and growth of invasive plants · Water yields and water quality · Air quality · Wildlife habitat · Carbon sequestration #12;Transitions Cause
E-Print Network 3.0 - air-cooled libr-water absorption Sample...
Harold - Sterrewacht, Universiteit Leiden Collection: Chemistry 18 ATOC 3500CHEM 3151 Air Pollution Chemistry Summary: the troposphere where it is relatively humid (formed when...
Optimization of hybrid-water/air-cooled condenser in an enhanced...
air-cooled condenser in an enhanced turbine geothermal ORC system Optimization of hybrid-waterair-cooled condenser in an enhanced turbine geothermal ORC system DOE Geothermal...
The following is an un-edited introduction to a volume edited by Jill Ker Conway, Kenneth Keniston, and Leo Marx, called Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Humanistic Studies of the Environment,
, and Leo Marx, called Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Humanistic Studies of the Environment, which Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Humanistic Studies of the Environment Foreword)..........................................................................393 Anton Struchkov (Russian Academy of Science) -- "Modernity and the Environment as a Public Issue
Keniston, Kenneth
Air/water subchannel measurements of the equilibrium quality and mass-flux distribution in a rod bundle. [BWR
Subchannel measurements were performed in order to determine the equilibrium quality and mass flux distribution in a four rod bundle, using air/water flow. An isokinetic technique was used to sample the flow in the center, side and corner subchannels of this test section. Flow rates of the air and water in each sampled subchannel were measured. Experiments were performed for two test-section-average mass fluxes (0.333x10/sup 6/ and 0.666x10/sup 6/ lb/sub m//h-ft/sup 2/), and the test-section-average quality was varied from 0% to 0.54% for each mass flux. Single-phase liquid, bubbly, slug and churn-turbulent two-phase flow regimes were achieved. The observed data trends agreed with previous diabatic measurements in which the center subchannel had the highest quality and mass flux, while the corner subchannel had the lowest.
Sterner, R.W.; Lahey, R.T. Jr.
Organochlorine pollutants in water, soils, and earthworms in the Guadalquivir River, Spain
Organochlorine compounds (insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) are known to maintain their stability in the aquatic environment for long periods. DDT and cyclodiene insecticides were used widely in Spain until their use was banned in 1976; DDT and its degradation products are still found in environmental samples. Since DDT has been legally restricted for use, lindane has become important as a substitute for DDT. This study has been carried out along Guadalquivir River, Spain. This river runs across an agricultural area where pesticides are used extensively. The Guadalquivir basin is the most economically important area of the South of the Iberian Peninsula; its economic importance stems from its proximity to a major metropolitan areas (Cordova, Seville), which indicates the presence of numerous urban, commercial, and industrial locations in the vicinity of the sampling stations. The purposes of this investigation are: (1) to determine the levels of organochlorine compounds in water, soils, and earthworms sampled in ten stations of the Guadalquivir River; (2) to evaluate biological accumulation of pollutants studied within the food webs; (3) to evaluate regional patterns and time trends of residues. 15 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Hernandez, L.M.; Fernandez, M.A.; Gonzalez, M.J. (Institute of Organic Chemistry, Madrid (Spain))
Commercialization of air conditioning heat pump/water heater. Final technical report, Volume 3: Appendix F through I
This is the final technical report on a commercialization project for an air conditioning heat pump water heater. The objective of the project was to produce a saleable system which would be economically competitive with natural gas and cost effective with regard to initial cost versus annual operating costs. The development and commercialization of the system is described. Compiled data included in numerous figures, tables and graphs.
Commercialization of air conditioning heat pump/water heater. Final technical report, Volume 2: Appendix A through E
Experimental investigation of a flow monitoring instrument in an upper plenum of an air-water reflood test facility. [PWR
Instrumentation was developed for measuring fluid phenomena in the upper plenum of pressurized water reactor reflood facilities. In particular, the instrumentation measured two-phase flow velocity and void fraction. The principle of operation of the instrumentation scheme was based on the measurement of electrical impedance. The technique of analysis of random signals from two spatially separated impedance sensors was employed to measure two-phase flow velocity. A relative admittance technique was used to determine void fraction. The performance of the instrumentaton was studied in an air-water test facility.
Combs, S.K.; Hardy, J.E.
Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation Water Availability, Crop Water Requirements and Soil Salinity in the SJV, CA
to the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of thesimulation of ground-water flow in the central part of theU.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper ; 2396.
Hopmans, Jan W; Maurer, Edwin P
Forced convective flow and heat transfer of upward cocurrent air-water slug flow in vertical plain and swirl tubes
This experimental study comparatively examined the two-phase flow structures, pressured drops and heat transfer performances for the cocurrent air-water slug flows in the vertical tubes with and without the spiky twisted tape insert. The two-phase flow structures in the plain and swirl tubes were imaged using the computerized high frame-rate videography with the Taylor bubble velocity measured. Superficial liquid Reynolds number (Re{sub L}) and air-to-water mass flow ratio (AW), which were respectively in the ranges of 4000-10000 and 0.003-0.02 were selected as the controlling parameters to specify the flow condition and derive the heat transfer correlations. Tube-wise averaged void fraction and Taylor bubble velocity were well correlated by the modified drift flux models for both plain and swirl tubes at the slug flow condition. A set of selected data obtained from the plain and swirl tubes was comparatively examined to highlight the impacts of the spiky twisted tape on the air-water interfacial structure and the pressure drop and heat transfer performances. Empirical heat transfer correlations that permitted the evaluation of individual and interdependent Re{sub L} and AW impacts on heat transfer in the developed flow regions of the plain and swirl tubes at the slug flow condition were derived. (author)
Chang, Shyy Woei [Thermal Fluids Laboratory, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81143 (China); Yang, Tsun Lirng [Department of Marine Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Haijhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81143 (China)
The Potential of Biochar produced from Eichhornia crassipes and Prosopis juliflora to Enhance Soil Water Holding Capacity of Drylands Soils�
Environmental degradation, agricultural productivity, food security, fresh water scarcity, and the adaptation to and mitigation of climate change are all significant concerns of the 21st century. Biochar is a highly porous, carbon rich material...
Aller, Deborah
Modifying the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to Simulate Cropland Carbon Flux: Model Development and Initial Evaluation
Climate change is one of the most compelling modern issues and has important implications for almost every aspect of natural and human systems. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been applied worldwide to support sustainable land and water management in a changing climate. However, the inadequacies of the existing carbon algorithm in SWAT limit its application in assessing impacts of human activities on CO2 emission, one important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that traps heat in the earth system and results in global warming. In this research, we incorporate a revised version of the CENTURY carbon model into SWAT to describe dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM)- residue and simulate land-atmosphere carbon exchange.
Zhang, Xuesong; Izaurralde, Roberto C.; Arnold, Jeffrey; Williams, Jimmy R.; Srinivasan, Raghavan
Compost Analysis Samples provided by the Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory at Texas A&M, 2003
Compost Analysis Samples provided by the Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory at Texas A ppm ppm % % dS/m Dairy Manure Compost 0.6171 .2680 1.4345 3.5041 .2737 .4371 319.7 249.1 33.53 173.1 30.0 16.02 9.3 1.280 Dairy Manure Compost 1.0704 .3866 2.4949 6.7455 .5472 .7320 155.6 381.5 47
A simulation-based soil and water resource evaluation for ratoon cropping grain sorghum in the central blacklands of Texas
ure 1. Grain yield cumulative probability distributions for the simulated ratoon cropped-plant crop and for the single cropped-plant crop, from 1939-1978, Temple, Texas. Field Capacity = 15 cm. 2. Grain yield cumulative probability distributions... initial values of soil water, from 1939-1978, Temple, Texas. Field Capacity = 20 cm. 63 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Simulation Series I. Comparison of the Hydrologic Components and Crop Yields for Forty Years (1939-1978). 2. Simulation Series II...
Stinson, David Lawrence
Studien-und Prfungsordnung der Universitt Stuttgart fr den auslandsorientierten Studiengang Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering
Air Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering (WASTE) mit Abschluss Master Quality Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering" (WASTE) beschlossen. Der Rektor hat Control, Solid Waste and Waste Water Process Engineering" (WASTE) überblickt werden, die Fähigkeit
Reyle, Uwe
Water Structure at the Air-Aqueous Interface of Divalent Cation and Nitrate Solutions Man Xu, Rick Spinney, and Heather C. Allen*
Water Structure at the Air-Aqueous Interface of Divalent Cation and Nitrate Solutions Man Xu, Rick, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ReceiVed: July 24, 2008; ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed: December 4, 2008 The water surface structure of aqueous magnesium, calcium, and strontium nitrate solutions with six to seven water
Rev. 02/15/10 Construction: Any construction project regardless of size that disturbs soil, ground cover, or uses water (including pressure washing) that
Rev. 02/15/10 Construction: Any construction project regardless of size that disturbs soil, ground/proposed construction project: EHS Office Use Only Recommendations: ______________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _____________________ Approval Date Storm Water Management Program The University of Texas at Austin Notification of Construction
Experimental investigation of small-scale breaking waves : flow visualization across the air-water interface
The dynamics of breaking waves significantly affect air-sea fluxes of heat, momentum, mass and energy across the ocean interface. Breaking waves also contribute considerable loading to offshore and coastal structures, and ...
McDonald, Angus Kai
Variation in soil moisture and N availability modulates carbon and water exchange in a California grassland experiment
Variability in the magnitude and timing of precipitation is predicted to change under future climate scenarios. The primary objective of this study was to understand how variation in precipitation patterns consisting of soil moisture pulses mixed with intermittent dry down events influence ecosystem gas fluxes. We characterized the effects of precipitation amount and timing, N availability, and plant community composition on whole ecosystem and leaf gas exchange in a California annual grassland mesocosm study system that allowed precise control of soil moisture conditions. Ecosystem CO2 and fluxes increased significantly with greater precipitation and were positively correlated with soil moisture. A repeated 10 day dry down period following 11 days of variable precipitation inputs strongly depressed net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) across a range of season precipitation totals, and plant community types. Ecosystem respiration (Re), evapotranspiration (ET) and leaf level photosynthesis (Amax) showed greatest sensitivity to dry down periods in low precipitation plots. Nitrogen additions significantly increased NEE, Re and Amax, particularly as water availability was increased. These results demonstrate that N availability and intermittent periods of soil moisture deficit (across a wide range of cumulative season precipitation totals) strongly modulate ecosystem gas exchange.
St. Clair, S.B.; Sudderth, E.; Fischer, M.L.; Torn, M.S.; Stuart, S.; Salve, R.; Eggett, D.; Ackerly, D.
Envir202b Earth, Air, Water: the Human Context Winter 2003 F. Stahr Outline & notes for water lecture #2
~10cm/yr, Mexico City ~30cm/yr, iv. sea water invasion Florida, pollution invasion D. Dams can. Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Mexico (7 states + Mexico) split based on very wet 18 years, so
Physical modeling of the soil swelling curve vs. the shrinkage curve
Physical understanding of the links between soil swelling, texture, structure, cracking, and sample size is of great interest for the physical understanding of many processes in the soil-air-water system and for applications in civil, agricultural, and environmental engineering. The background of this work is an available chain of interconnected physical shrinkage curve models for clay, intra-aggregate matrix, aggregated soil without cracks, and soil with cracks. The objective of the work is to generalize these models to the case of swelling, and to construct the physical-swelling-model chain with a step-by-step transition from clay to aggregated soil with cracks. The generalization is based on thorough accounting for the analogies and differences between shrinkage and swelling and the corresponding use, modification, or replacement of the soil shrinkage features. Two specific soil swelling features to be used are: (i) air entrapping in pores of the contributing clay; and (ii) aggregate destruction with the f...
Chertkov, V Y
water and sediment from Yolo Bypass, California, 2004-2005.L. 2002. California�s Yolo Bypass: Evidence that floodfish. KEYWORDS pesticides, Yolo Bypass, fish, surface water,
Modelling water flow and seasonal soil moisture dynamics in an alluvial groundwater-fed wetland Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 7(1), 5766 (2003) EGU
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 7(1), 5766 (2003) © EGU Modelling water flow and seasonal soil between groundwater, surface water and climatic conditions. Knowledge of the hydrology of these systems tool to capture their hydrological complexity. In this study, a 2D-model describing saturated
Development of an equivalent homogenous fluid model for pseudo-two-phase (air plus water) flow through fractured rock
Fracture flow of two-phase mixtures is particularly applicable to the coal mining and coal bed methane projects in Australia. A one-dimensional steady-state pseudo-two-phase flow model is proposed for fractured rock. The model considers free flow of a compressible mixture of air and water in an inclined planar fracture and is based upon the conservation of momentum and the 'cubic' law. The flow model is coupled to changes in the stress environment through the fracture normal stiffness, which is related to changes in fracture aperture. The model represents the individual air and water phases as a single equivalent homogenous fluid. Laboratory testing was performed using the two-phase high-pressure triaxial apparatus on 54 mm diameter (approximately 2: 1 height: diameter) borehole cores intersected by induced near-axial fractures. The samples were of Triassic arenaceous fine-medium grained sandstone (known as the Eckersley Formation) that is found locally in the Southern Coalfield of New South Wales. The sample fracture roughness was assessed using a technique based upon Fourier series analysis to objectively attribute a joint roughness coefficient. The proposed two-phase flow model was verified using the recorded laboratory data obtained over a range of triaxial confining pressures (i.e., fracture normal stresses).
Price, J.; Indraratna, B. [University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW (Australia). School of Civil Engineering
E-Print Network 3.0 - affected granular soils Sample Search Results
platy, prismlike, and blocklike (see Figure 3... ). Soil structure affects soil water movement when a soil is saturated with water. Water can move quickly... between...
The prediction of root zone soil moisture with a water balance - microwave emission model
. T (1-) = T (I-) = T (I + e t &Rz) + ( T (I + e R. ) 8 e el I=2 ei i+ I (II-18) where -2a azi T =T. (1-e ) e. i 1 n = number of layers Rn =0 bz n To describe the brightness temperature above the soil sur face, the effective temperature of emi... and Groundtruth. Analysis of the Surface Flux Approach RADCON Model Scatter Due to Soil Variability . Selection of 21 cm Wavelength over 6 cm Wavelength. V CONCLUSION Summary of Results. Recommendations REFERENCES. 72 72 76 80 83 90 100 109 109...
Smith, Michael Robert
Measure Guideline: Combination Forced-Air Space and Tankless Domestic Hot Water Heating Systems
This document describes design and application guidance for combination space and tankless domestic hot water heating systems (combination systems) used in residential buildings, based on field evaluation, testing, and industry meetings conducted by Building Science Corporation. As residential building enclosure improvements continue to drive heating loads down, using the same water heating equipment for both space heating and domestic water heating becomes attractive from an initial cost and space-saving perspective. This topic is applicable to single- and multi-family residential buildings, both new and retrofitted.
Rudd, A.
Reorientation of the 'free OH' group in the top-most layer of air/water
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 -the Mid-Infrared at 278, 298,NIST31 ORV 15051SoilWind EnergyRental
Nonlinear Phenomena Induced by Millijoule Femtosecond Laser Pulses at an Air-water Interface
transformation in water. We find that nonlinear femtosecond pulse propagation begins at a peak pulse intensity of about 1010 W/cm2. This experiment provides a convenient segway into the discussion and investigation of femtosecond laser filaments. We describe...
Strycker, Benjamin
water 222Rn by gamma-ray spectrometry. There was no clearlyradioelement content by gamma-ray spectrometry. Results are
Wollenberg, H.
Assessing spatial variability of soil water content through Thermal Inertia and NDVI
of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ABSTRACT AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on board NOAA satellites based on a simplified soil-atmosphere energy balance. The techniques provide sufficiently detailed to their high spatial and temporal variability leave much space to remote sensing applications, characterized
Poggi, Davide
A Study of Mechanisms and Supression of Evaporation of Water from Soils
and environmental parameters on the effectiveness of the crude oil-treated surfaces. Rates studied included 946, 2038, and 4730 l/ha (100, 300, and 500 gal/acre). Two mechanisms of suppression are apparently involved when crude oil is applied to a smooth wet soil...
Without the implementation of soil conservation practices, extreme conse-
including the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP). · CSP encourages conservation prac- tices regarding: air, plant, water quality, soil quality and erosion, animals, and energy. · The current Farm Bill funding cuts. · Recommendations: We suggest that the CSP continue to be funded, be simplified
Maxwell, Bruce D.
Conservation Division regiulations for appliance-efficiency standards relating to refrigerators and freezers, room air conditioners, central air conditioners, gas space heaters, water heaters, plumbing fittings, gas clothes dryers, and gas cooking appliances
The text of the appliance efficiency standards for certain types of new appliances sold in California is presented. Specifications and test methods to identify complying refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, gas space heaters, water heaters, plumbing fittings, gas clothes dryers, and gas cooking appliances are covered.
Phase relationship equation for moisture induced shrink and swell of soils
to the w moisture content prior to swell, a = air void coefficient equal to the ratio of air volume change (AV?) to the initial air volume (V?), n(1-S) = ratio of VA to the initial total volume (Vr). The shrinkage form of PREMISS (1. 2), also derived... in Chapter VI, is: AV hw = Sn ? (t + a, ?j r where a? = the air void constant equal to the ratio of dV? to the change in water volume (dV~). The parameters S, n and w are readily obtained from soil samples. Means of obtaining the change im water...
Hoffmann, Stacey Bruemmer
ENVIR 202: EARTH, AIR, WATER 22 Jan 2003 BACKGROUND DISCUSSION FOR THE SCIENCE CORE: ENERGY
. The example below is the heat engine, E4 Notice that some of the energy converting devices in the experiments is split into hydrogen and oxygen gas by passing an electric current through the water, and the reverse reaction is the fuel cell, with hydrogen gas used to make electricity without burning it. It is less easy
Impacts of Water Loop Management on Simultaneous Heating and Cooling in Coupled Control Air Handling Units
The impacts of the water loop management on the heating and cooling energy consumption are investigated by using model simulation. The simulation results show that the total thermal energy consumption can be increased by 24% for a typical AHU in San...
Guan, W.; Liu, M.; Wang, J.
Enhanced water desalination efficiency in an air-cathode stacked microbial electrodeionization cell (SMEDIC)
reserved. 1. Introduction Water scarcity is a major global challenge, and it is predicted that by 2025 two and anion exchange mem- branes to balance charge [6]. The performance of MDC is limited by several factors including the microbial community composition on the anode, electrode materials, pH imbalances, and internal
A rapid method for the determination of water in wet soils
Rockwall Rockwell Rockwell 38 33 47 28 15 15 26 16 12 49 13 28 40 LL PI 27 35 29 25 25 19 25 26 SLd LSe Soil SR Class Bbsder 19 6. 3 1. 82 A-2-4 26 22 11. 5 1. 71 A-7 75 17 132 183 A6 84 21 8. 6 1 69 A-6 39 20 4, 1 1 76 A-2...
Burdick, Robert Linn
Soil Testing and Research
Soil Testing and Research Analytical Laboratory Copyright � 2014 University of Minnesota Soil Testing and Research Analytical Laboratory Department of Soil, Water and Climate College of Food payable to the University of Minnesota We also accept the following credit cards: Soil Testing
Ciocan-Fontanine, Ionut
Discover Jacksonville | Ultimate Jaguars | First Coast Fugitives | Internet Directory | Jax2Go Wireless Water's Edge magazine | H for Health magazine | Jax Air News | Mayport Mirror | Kings Bay Periscope | Ultimate Yellow Pages
Wireless Water's Edge magazine | H for Health magazine | Jax Air News | Mayport Mirror | Kings Bay Manatee County Port Authority Central Florida: Furniture Refinishers Sub- Contract Leathersmith
Richardson, Martin C.
Water distribution in the top 1 m of the earth's surface soil layer
the fruit instead of putting its energy into pro- ducing more vegetation. However, major water shortages can and quantity, the outlay of resources and energy concomitant with crop irrigation is critical in water-scarce regions. California, which accounts for 80% of the wine grape production in the United States and has
Hubbard, Susan
High Efficiency Integrated Space Conditioning, Water Heating and Air Distribution System for HUD-Code Manufactured Housing
Recognizing the need for new space conditioning and water heating systems for manufactured housing, DeLima Associates assembled a team to develop a space conditioning system that would enhance comfort conditions while also reducing energy usage at the systems level. The product, Comboflair® was defined as a result of a needs analysis of project sponsors and industry stakeholders. An integrated system would be developed that would combine a packaged airconditioning system with a small-duct, high-velocity air distribution system. In its basic configuration, the source for space heating would be a gas water heater. The complete system would be installed at the manufactured home factory and would require no site installation work at the homesite as is now required with conventional split-system air conditioners. Several prototypes were fabricated and tested before a field test unit was completed in October 2005. The Comboflair® system, complete with ductwork, was installed in a 1,984 square feet, double-wide manufactured home built by Palm Harbor Homes in Austin, TX. After the home was transported and installed at a Palm Harbor dealer lot in Austin, TX, a data acquisition system was installed for remote data collection. Over 60 parameters were continuously monitored and measurements were transmitted to a remote site every 15 minutes for performance analysis. The Comboflair® system was field tested from February 2006 until April 2007. The cooling system performed in accordance with the design specifications. The heating system initially could not provide the needed capacity at peak heating conditions until the water heater was replaced with a higher capacity standard water heater. All system comfort goals were then met. As a result of field testing, we have identified improvements to be made to specific components for incorporation into production models. The Comboflair® system will be manufactured by Unico, Inc. at their new production facility in St. Louis, MO. The product will be initially launched in the hot-humid climates of the southern U.S.
Henry DeLima; Joe Akin; Joseph Pietsch
Sensitivity of Low Sloped Roofs Designs to Initial Water and Air Leakage
.Sc. Research Scientist VTT, Espoo, Finland Andre Desjarlais. B.Sc.E Program Manager, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge TN, 37831-6070 ABSTRACT Liquid water in low sloped roofs almost always causes problems... roofs in Finland (area varying from 200 m2 up to 5 000 m2). A laboratory hot box apparatus (Kouhia and Nieminen, 1999) was also used to further quantify the performance of the grooved roof ventilation system and to show the thermal consequences...
Karagiozis, A.; Desjarlais, A.; Salonvaara, M.
Analysis of water and soil from the wetlands of Upper Three Runs Creek. Volume 2A, Analytical data packages September--October 1991 sampling
Shallow water and soils along Upper Three Runs Creek (UTRC) and associated wetlands between SRS Road F and Cato Road were sampled for nonradioactive and radioactive constituents. The sampling program is associated with risk evaluations being performed for various regulatory documents in these areas of the Savannah River Site (SRS). WSRC selected fifty sampling sites bordering the Mixed Waste Management Facility (MWMF), F- and H-Area Seepage Basins (FHSB), and the Sanitary Landfill (SL). The analytical results from this study provided information on the water and soil quality in UTRC and its associated wetlands. The analytical results from this investigation indicated that the primary constituents and radiological indicators detected in the shallow water and soils were tritium, gross alpha, radium 226, total radium and strontium 90. This investigation involved the collection of shallow water samples during the Fall of 1991 and the Spring of 1992 at fifty (50) sampling locations. Sampling was performed during these periods to incorporate high and low water table periods. Samples were collected from three sections along UTRC denoted as Phase I (MWMF), Phase II (FHSB) and Phase III (SL). One vibracored soil sample was also collected in each phase during the Fall of 1991. This document is compiled solely of experimental data obtained from the sampling procedures.
Haselow, L.A.; Rogers, V.A. [Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States); Riordan, C.J. [Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (United States); Eidson, G.W.; Herring, M.K. [Normandeau Associates, Inc. (United States)
Determination of streamflow sequences for ungaged subbasins using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)
evaporation; (1) Penman- Monteith (Monteith, 1981), Hargreaves and Samani (1985), and Priestley-Taylor (1972). The Penman-Monteith method requires solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity as input. The Priestley-Taylor method... 11. 2 10. 4 11. 3 13. 3 18. 7 16. 0 Oct. 1943 ? present Jan. 1944 ? present Oct. 1952 - present Aug. 1945 ? present May 1936 - present May 1936 ? present May 1936 - present Oct. 1952 ? present 8068000 809 370, 000 8. 6 July 1939...
Raju, Balasubramaniam
Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on soil, streambed sediment, and ground- and surface-water quality at a site near Denver, Colorado
The report describes the effects of burial and land application of municipal sewage sludge on soil and streambed sediment and water quality in the underlying aquifers and surface water within and around the Lowry sewage-sludge-disposal area. The existing ground-water observation-well network at the disposal area was expanded for the study. Surface-water-sampling sites were selected so that runoff could be sampled from intense rainstorms or snowmelt. The sampling frequency for ground-water and surface-water runoff was changed from yearly to quarterly, and soil samples were collected. Four years of data were collected from 1984 to 1987 during the expanded monitoring program at the Lowry sewage-sludge-disposal area. These data, in addition to the data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1981 to 1983, were used to determine effects of sewage-sludge-disposal on soil and streambed sediment and surface- and ground-water quality at the disposal area.
Gaggiani, N.G.
1 INTRODUCTION Researches in unsaturated soil mechanics
1 INTRODUCTION Researches in unsaturated soil mechanics considerably developed in the past decades exchanges during shearing were also monitored, and Experimental unsaturated soil mechanics Pierre Delage- mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils are presented. The water retention properties of unsaturated soils
James River Soil & Water Conservation District Youth Opportunities by John Bilzor and John Allen Attention local High School students! For currently enrolled Seniors (home schooled students included), the James River
James River Soil & Water Conservation District Youth Opportunities by John Bilzor and John Allen of 2015 and majoring in conservation, environmental science, or agriculture. To apply for our college, the Virginia Association of Soil and Water Conservation Districts has sponsored a week-long summer conservation
Liskiewicz, Maciej
Soils in the Riparian Incorporating Soil Dynamics into
deposits or upland slope wash · Soil particle size reflect the energy (velocity) of depositionalSoils in the Riparian Complex Incorporating Soil Dynamics into Ecological Site Descriptions Kenneth F. Scheffe, SSS August 16, 2007 #12;Water Changes Everything · Water is the trump card over soils
Plasma Kinetics in the Ethanol/Water/Air Mixture in "Tornado" Type Electrical Discharge
This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of plasma-assisted reforming of ethanol into molecular hydrogen in a new modification of the "tornado" type electrical discharge. Numerical modeling clarifies the nature of the non-thermal conversion and explains the kinetic mechanism of nonequilibrium plasma-chemical transformations in the gas-liquid system and the evolution of hydrogen during the reforming as a function of discharge parameters and ethanol-to-water ratio in the mixture. We also propose a scheme of chemical reactions for plasma kinetics description. It is shown that some characteristics of the investigated reactor are at least not inferior to characteristics of other plasma chemical reactors.
Levko, D; Chernyak, V; Olszewski, S; Nedybaliuk, O
Energy and water vapor transport across a simplified cloud-clear air interface
We consider a simplified physics of the could interface where condensation, evaporation and radiation are neglected and momentum, thermal energy and water vapor transport is represented in terms of the Boussinesq model coupled to a passive scalar transport equation for the vapor. The interface is modeled as a layer separating two isotropic turbulent regions with different kinetic energy and vapor concentration. In particular, we focus on the small scale part of the inertial range as well as on the dissipative range of scales which are important to the micro-physics of warm clouds. We have numerically investigated stably stratified interfaces by locally perturbing at an initial instant the standard temperature lapse rate at the cloud interface and then observing the temporal evolution of the system. When the buoyancy term becomes of the same order of the inertial one, we observe a spatial redistribution of the kinetic energy which produce a concomitant pit of kinetic energy within the mixing layer. In this sit...
Gallana, Luca; De Santi, Francesca; Iovieno, Michele; Tordella, Daniela
Field Summary Report for Remedial Investigation of Hanford Site Releases to the Columbia River, Hanford Site, Washington, Collection of Surface Water, River Sediments, and Island Soils
This report has been prepared in support of the remedial investigation of Hanford Site Releases to the Columbia River and describes the 2008/2009 data collection efforts. This report documents field activities associated with collection of sediment, river water, and soil in and adjacent to the Columbia River near the Hanford Site and in nearby tributaries.
L. C. Hulstrom
2014-02-07 Issuance: Certification of Commercial Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning, Water Heating, and Refrigeration Equipment; Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
This document is a pre-publication Federal Register notice of proposed rulemaking regarding certification of commercial heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning, water-heating, and refrigeration equipment, as issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency on February 7, 2014.
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences PhD Graduate Research Assistantship: Soil Science/Soil Quality/Soil Physics
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences PhD Graduate Research Assistantship: Soil Science/Soil Quality/Soil Physics Position Summary: Plastic mulches are used in agriculture to conserve water, suppress weeds, and increase soil temperatures. However, plastic mulches need to be disposed off at the end
Process for analyzing CO[sub 2] in air and in water
The process of this invention comprises providing a membrane for separating CO[sub 2] into a first CO[sub 2] sample phase and a second CO[sub 2] analyte phase. CO[sub 2] is then transported through the membrane thereby separating the CO[sub 2] with the membrane into a first CO[sub 2] sample phase and a second CO[sub 2] analyte liquid phase including an ionized, conductive, dissociated CO[sub 2] species. Next, the concentration of the ionized, conductive, dissociated CO[sub 2] species in the second CO[sub 2] analyte liquid phase is chemically amplified using a water-soluble chemical reagent which reversibly reacts with undissociated CO[sub 2] to produce conductivity changes therein corresponding to fluctuations in the partial pressure of CO[sub 2] in the first CO[sub 2] sample phase. Finally, the chemically amplified, ionized, conductive, dissociated CO[sub 2] species is introduced to a conductivity measuring instrument. Conductivity changes in the chemically amplified, ionized, conductive, dissociated CO[sub 2] species are detected using the conductivity measuring instrument. 43 figs.
Atwater, J.E.; Akse, J.R.; DeHart, J.
E-Print Network 3.0 - annual soil respiration Sample Search Results
Sciences and Ecology 4 Summary Soil respiration is controlled by soil temperature, soil water, fine roots, microbial activity, and soil physical and Summary: into the model; and...
Identification and correction of spectral contamination in 2 O measured in leaf, stem, and soil water
ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Deionized water was spiked with methanol and ethanol to create IRIS method were 0.18% for d18 O, and �?3.39% for d2 H. The inability to create an ethanol correction curve for d2 H probably caused the larger discrepancies. We conclude that ethanol and methanol
Minnesota, University of
Organic carbon flux at the mangrove soil-water column interface in the Florida Coastal Everglades
??????????????????.?.. 24 8 Salinity vs. DOC concentration plot of water samples during study sampling periods????????????..??????.??. 32 viii LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1 delta13C values and amount of DOC... leached over a 24-hour period for three mangrove species and one freshwater marsh sedge???...? 25 2 Comparison of DOC and TOC concentrations of various wetland studies..?????????????????????????. 28 3 Estimates of net...
Romigh, Melissa Marie
E-Print Network 3.0 - affecting soil erosion Sample Search Results
the soil to deteriorate. Soil erosion by water, and the impact of sediment... or control soil water ... Source: Iowa State University, Office of Biorenewables Programs Collection:...
Soil Water Balance and Recharge Monitoring at the Hanford Site � FY 2010 Status Report
This report summarizes the recharge data collected in FY 2010 at five locations on the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. Average monthly precipitation and temperature conditions in FY 2010 were near normal and did not present an opportunity for increased recharge. The recharge monitoring data confirmed those conditions, showing normal behavior in water content, matric head, and recharge rates. Also provided in this report is a strategy for recharge estimation for the next 5 years.
Fayer, Michael J.; Saunders, Danielle L.; Herrington, Ricky S.; Felmy, Diana
Community Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) Data related to Air, Soil, and Water Monitoring around the Nevada Test Site
The Community Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) is a network of 29 monitoring stations located in communities surrounding and downwind of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) that monitor the airborne environment for manmade radioactivity that could result from NTS activities. The network stations, located in Nevada, Utah, and California are comprised of instruments that collect a variety of environmental radiological and meteorological data. The emphasis of the CEMP is to monitor airborne radioactivity and weather conditions, and make the results available to the public. Instrumentation that records these data is connected to a datalogger, and real-time radiation levels or weather conditions can immediately and easily be seen on a display at each station. These data are transmitted via direct or wireless internet connection, landline or cellular phone, or satellite transmission to DRI's Western Regional Climate Center in Reno, Nevada, and are updated as frequently as every 10 minutes on the World Wide Web at http://www.cemp.dri.edu. DOE and DRI also publish the results of the monitoring program and distribute these reports throughout the network community. The reports provide summaries of average values for each station and the entire network, and show deviations from the expected range values. [Copied from the CEMP website (Introduction) at http://www.cemp.dri.edu/cemp/moreinfo.html
Task 15 -- Remediation of organically contaminated soil using hot/liquid (subcritical) water. Semi-annual report, April 1--September 30, 1997
This activity involves a pilot-scale demonstration of the use of hot/liquid water for the removal of organic contaminants from soil at the pilot (20 to 40 kg) scale. Lab-scale studies are being performed to determine the optimum temperature, contact time, and flow rates for removal of the organic contaminants. Initial investigations into using carbon sorbents to clean the extractant water for recycle use and to concentrate the extracted contaminants in a small volume for disposal are also being performed. Liquid water is normally considered to be too polar a solvent to be effective for removal of organic contaminants from contaminated soils and sludges. However, the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) has demonstrated that the polarity of liquid water can be changed from that of a very polar solvent at ambient conditions to that of an organic solvent (e.g., ethanol or acetonitrile) by simply raising the temperature. The EERC has exploited this unique property of liquid water to obtain highly selective extractions of polar (at lower temperatures) to nonpolar (at 200 to 250 C) organics from contaminated soils and sludges. Only moderate pressures (a maximum of about 45 atm at 250 C and lower pressures at lower temperatures) are required. With this procedure, all detectable hazardous organics were removed from the sludge, thus making the remaining material (about 99% of the original mass) a nonhazardous material. The present understanding of hot/liquid water extraction for the removal of hazardous organics from contaminated soils and sludges is being used to develop the engineering parameters needed to perform a pilot-scale demonstration of the remediation technology. Progress during the report period is summarized.
Hawthorne, S.B.
Air-To-Water Heat Pumps with Radiant Delivery in Low Load Homes: Tucson, Arizona and Chico, California (Fact Sheet)
Deemed Savings Estimates for Legacy Air Conditioning and WaterHeating Direct Load Control Programs in PJM Region
During 2005 and 2006, the PJM Interconnection (PJM) Load Analysis Subcommittee (LAS) examined ways to reduce the costs and improve the effectiveness of its existing measurement and verification (M&V) protocols for Direct Load Control (DLC) programs. The current M&V protocol requires that a PURPA-compliant Load Research study be conducted every five years for each Load-Serving Entity (LSE). The current M&V protocol is expensive to implement and administer particularly for mature load control programs, some of which are marginally cost-effective. There was growing evidence that some LSEs were mothballing or dropping their DLC programs in lieu of incurring the expense associated with the M&V. This project had several objectives: (1) examine the potential for developing deemed savings estimates acceptable to PJM for legacy air conditioning and water heating DLC programs, and (2) explore the development of a collaborative, regional, consensus-based approach for conducting monitoring and verification of load reductions for emerging load management technologies for customers that do not have interval metering capability.
Goldman, Charles
Growth Kinetics of Wildlife E. coli Isolates in Soil and Water
and used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess bacterial impairment in waterbodies. Bacterial impairment in Texas waterbodies is defined by E. coli concentrations higher than a geometric mean of 126 CFU /100 mL or exceeding 394 CFU/100.... The samples were serially diluted in de-ionized (DI) water. The diluted samples were run through a membrane filtration system, following the EPA method 1603 (USEPA, 2002). The membrane of 0.45 ?m pore size was removed from the filtration system...
Gallagher, Meghan
Irrigation Water Source: Effect on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Microbial Community Composition
.7 (11.6) 205.9 (24.8) 194.9 (35.2) 189.4 (30.9) K+ 1.0 (0.8) 3.0 (2.6) 6.3 (5.0) 4.3 (1.0) Mg2+ 0.4 (0.1) 0.4 (0.1) 0.5 (0.3) 0.4 (0.1) Ca2+ 6.0 (1.7) 3.0 (0.6) 2.3 (1.1) 1.9 (0.6) NH4-N 0.07 (0.09) 0.03 (0.02) 5.6 (10... will face different water supply and demand issues (Hilaire et al., 2008). In the United States, the yearly average residential water use ranged from a low of 208.4 L?d?1 per person in the temperate mesic state of Wisconsin to a high of 784.5 L?d?1 per...
Holgate, Leon Carl
A soil moisture budget analysis of Texas using basic climatic data
capacities and water retention curves for sand, clay and a medium textured soil (adapted from Odumodu, 1977). 29 10. Predicted infiltration rates for various types of deep soils with a shallow ponded surface (adapted from Haan et al. , 1982). . 29...-latitudes (Trenchard, 1976) would be enough itself for considerable variation in climate. However, the border adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico and prominent advection of air masses, which either have been generated or modified by the sea, greatly increases...
Lowther, Ronald Paul
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) "ofEarlyEnergyDepartment ofDepartment ofof EnergyYou$0.C. 20545 OCTTO:March 20,Since 5%ZL,o-c'3 I,J.
Performance Evaluation of a 4.5 kW (1.3 Refrigeration Tons) Air-Cooled Lithium Bromide/Water Solar Powered (Hot-Water-Fired) Absorption Unit
During the summer months, air-conditioning (cooling) is the single largest use of electricity in both residential and commercial buildings with the major impact on peak electric demand. Improved air-conditioning technology has by far the greatest potential impact on the electric industry compared to any other technology that uses electricity. Thermally activated absorption air-conditioning (absorption chillers) can provide overall peak load reduction and electric grid relief for summer peak demand. This innovative absorption technology is based on integrated rotating heat exchangers to enhance heat and mass transfer resulting in a potential reduction of size, cost, and weight of the "next generation" absorption units. Rotartica Absorption Chiller (RAC) is a 4.5 kW (1.3 refrigeration tons or RT) air-cooled lithium bromide (LiBr)/water unit powered by hot water generated using the solar energy and/or waste heat. Typically LiBr/water absorption chillers are water-cooled units which use a cooling tower to reject heat. Cooling towers require a large amount of space, increase start-up and maintenance costs. However, RAC is an air-cooled absorption chiller (no cooling tower). The purpose of this evaluation is to verify RAC performance by comparing the Coefficient of Performance (COP or ratio of cooling capacity to energy input) and the cooling capacity results with those of the manufacturer. The performance of the RAC was tested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in a controlled environment at various hot and chilled water flow rates, air handler flow rates, and ambient temperatures. Temperature probes, mass flow meters, rotational speed measuring device, pressure transducers, and a web camera mounted inside the unit were used to monitor the RAC via a web control-based data acquisition system using Automated Logic Controller (ALC). Results showed a COP and cooling capacity of approximately 0.58 and 3.7 kW respectively at 35 C (95 F) design condition for ambient temperature with 40 C (104 F) cooling water temperature. This is in close agreement with the manufacturer data of 0.60 for COP and 3.9 kW for cooling capacity. This study resulted in a complete performance map of RAC which will be used to evaluate the potential benefits of rotating heat exchangers in making the "next-generation" absorption chillers more compact and cost effective without any significant degradation in the performance. In addition, the feasibility of using rotating heat exchangers in other applications will be evaluated.
Zaltash, Abdolreza [ORNL; Petrov, Andrei Y [ORNL; Linkous, Randall Lee [ORNL; Vineyard, Edward Allan [ORNL
Hydrogen oxidation in soils as a possible toxic-effects indicator
Efficient soil bioassays are needed in a screening array to determine the toxicities of industrial products and wastes. Hydrogen consumption is a common soil microbiological process that we evaluated as a possible soil indicator of toxic effects. Elemental tritium was used as a tracer to determine the H/sub 2/ oxidation rates in soils. The H/sub 2/ bioassay can be completed within 24 h using liquid scintillation counting of the tritium tracer. This test was used to evaluate the effects of known toxic chemicals (e.g., heavy metals, herbicides, and air pollutants), as well as a variety of suspected environmentally harmful compounds (e.g., waste waters, particulates, and sludges from industrial processes) on H/sub 2/ oxidation in soils. This bioassay responded to test compounds at concentrations shown to be toxic in other soil microbiological investigations.
Rogers, R.D. (U.S. EPA, Las Vegas); McFarlane, J.
Amending constructed roadside and urban soils with large volume-based compost applications: effects on water quality
field plots on a constructed soil with an 8.5% slope. Three TxDOT compost application methods were tested; incorporation at 25% by volume (CMT), topdressing over vegetation (GUC), and topdressing a 5-cm compost woodchip mix over bare soil (ECC). In 2003...
Hansen, Nels Edward
Digital Soil Mapping: Interactions with
Chapter 21 Digital Soil Mapping: Interactions with and Applications for Hydropedology J.A. Thompson,1, * S. Roecker,2 S. Grunwald3 and P.R. Owens4 ABSTRACT Spatial information on soils, particularly hydrologic and hydromorphic soil properties, is used to understand and assess soil water retention, flooding
Grunwald, Sabine
Original article Soil CO2 efflux in a beech forest: dependence on soil
Original article Soil CO2 efflux in a beech forest: dependence on soil temperature and soil water 1998) Abstract - Our objective was to quantify the annual soil carbon efflux in a young beech forest in north-eastern France (Hesse Forest, Euroflux site FR02) from measurements of soil CO, efflux. Soil CO
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Physical understanding of the links between soil swelling, texture, structure, cracking, and sample size is of great interest for the physical understanding of many processes in the soil-air-water system and for applications in civil, agricultural, and environmental engineering. The background of this work is an available chain of interconnected physical shrinkage curve models for clay, intra-aggregate matrix, aggregated soil without cracks, and soil with cracks. The objective of the work is to generalize these models to the case of swelling, and to construct the physical-swelling-model chain with a step-by-step transition from clay to aggregated soil with cracks. The generalization is based on thorough accounting for the analogies and differences between shrinkage and swelling and the corresponding use, modification, or replacement of the soil shrinkage features. Two specific soil swelling features to be used are: (i) air entrapping in pores of the contributing clay; and (ii) aggregate destruction with the formation of new aggregate surfaces. The input for the prediction of the swelling curve of an aggregated soil coincides with that of the available model of the shrinkage curve. The analysis of available data on the maximum shrink-swell cycle of two soils with different texture and structure, accounting for sample size is conducted as applied to swelling curves and to the residual crack volume and maximum-swelling-volume decrease after the shrink-swell cycle. Results of the analysis show evidence in favor of the swelling model chain.
V. Y. Chertkov
UUnlocking secrets of the vadose zone: Researchers say this layer of soil holds keys to tracking water�s every move
(Soil Moisture Active- Passive) satellite, and then analyzes it and develops techniques to incorporate the remotely sensed data into predictive hydrology and climate models. ?Traditionally, people identi#25;ed soil properties using local, ground... for hydroclimatic applications, Mohanty said. #31;ey use simple data to describe complex processes. ?Our #25;ndings are not just site-speci#25;c; more general #25;ndings can be transferred and adapted to any place in the world,? Mohanty said. The right team...
Lee, Leslie
Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Seminar Friday, February 17, 2012
Brown, North Campus The University of Michigan 4:00 � 5:00 PM Dr. Aleksey Sheshukov Biological and Agricultural Engineering Kansas State University "Freezing of nonheaving unsaturated soils: Model formulation with zones composed of different combinations of ice, liquid water, and air. Predictions of ice saturation
Kamat, Vineet R.
Pipe Freeze Prevention for Passive Solar Water Heaters Using a Room-Air Natural Convection Loop: Preprint
Conference paper regarding research in the use of freeze prevention for passive solar domestic water heating systems.
Burch, J.; Heater, M.; Brandemuhl, M.; Krarti, M.
A study of air flow through saturated porous media and its applications to in-situ air sparging
The efficiency of an in situ air sparging system is controlled by the extent of contact between injected air and contaminated soil and pore fluid. Characterizing the mechanisms governing air propagation through saturated ...
Marulanda, Catalina, 1971-
Overview of different aspects of climate change effects on soils.
Climate change [i.e., high atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (?400 ppm); increasing air temperatures (2-4�C or greater); significant and/or abrupt changes in daily, seasonal, and inter-annual temperature; changes in the wet/dry cycles; intensive rainfall and/or heavy storms; extended periods of drought; extreme frost; heat waves and increased fire frequency] is and will significantly affect soil properties and fertility, water resources, food quantity and quality, and environmental quality. Biotic processes that consume atmospheric CO2 and create organic carbon (C) that is either reprocessed to CO2 or stored in soils, are the subject of active current investigations with great concern over the influence of climate change. In addition, abiotic C cycling and its influence on the inorganic C pool in soils is a fundamental global process in which acidic atmospheric CO2 participates in the weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, ultimately delivering bicarbonate and Ca2+ or other cations that precipitate in the form of carbonates in soils or are transported to the rivers, lakes, and oceans. Soil responses to climate change will be complex, and there are many uncertainties and unresolved issues. The objective of the review is to initiate and further stimulate a discussion about some important and challenging aspects of climate-change effects on soils, such as accelerated weathering of soil minerals and resulting C and elemental fluxes in and out of soils, soil/geo-engineering methods used to increase C sequestration in soils, soil organic matter (SOM) protection, transformation and mineralization, and SOM temperature sensitivity. This review reports recent discoveries and identifies key research needs required to understand the effects of climate change on soils.
Qafoku, Nikolla
Lecs 2 and 3. Properties of air and water and Earth system; GFD1 AS509/OC512 Winter 2011
sound speed (or `compressibility'), specific heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, freezing hydrogen molecules attract one another giving the liquid some long-range order. Water is a generally density than liquid water (most substances are more dense when frozen). The density of pure water, about
STEP 8. The wet well stores filtered water before it is pumped into the air-stripping
, to produce an annual report on the quality of its drinking water. In addition to reminding consumers into the Upper Glacial aquifer (see page 3), the Lab's "finished" drinking water is produced with pride by the staff of BNL's Water Treatment Facility (WTF) of the Energy & Utilities Division. Producing BNL
Ohta, Shigemi
Deployment of an innovative thermally enhanced soil mixing process augmented with zero-valent iron.
An innovative in-situ soil treatment process, referred to as soil mixing/thermally enhanced soil vapor extraction (SM/TESVE), was used to remediate the 317 Area of Argonne National Laboratory-East (i.e., Argonne), which is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Following the initial soil treatment, polishing was required to reduce residual concentrations of contaminants. A study of polishing methods was conducted. It determined that injecting metallic iron particles into the soil, in conjunction with soil mixing, would reduce residual VOC concentrations more effectively than the original conventional soil ventilation approach. After the effectiveness of iron injection was verified, it replaced the soil ventilation step. The modified process involved mixing the soil while hot air and steam were injected into it. Off-gases were captured in a hood over the treatment area. During this process, an iron slurry, consisting of up to 50% iron particles in water with guar gum added as a thickening agent, was injected and mixed into the soil by the mixing equipment. Approximately 6,246 m{sup 3} (8, 170 yd{sup 3}) of soil was treated during this project. Confirmatory samples were then collected. In these samples, VOC concentrations were usually reduced by more than 80%.
Lynch, P. L.
An evaluation of hydrologic, geotechnical, and chemical behavior of processed oil shale solid waste 2; The use of time domain reflectometry (TDR) for monitoring in-situ volumetric water content in processed oil shale
This paper describes the use of time domain reflectometry (TDR) for monitoring volumetric water contents in processed oil shale solid waste. TDR measures soil water content via a correlation between the dielectric constant (K) of the 3 phase (soil-water-air) system and the volumetric water content ({theta}{sub v}). An extensive bench top research program has been conducted to evaluate and verify the use of this technique in processed oil shale solid waste. This study utilizes columns of processed oil shale packed to known densities and varying water contents and compares the columetric water content measured via TDR and the volumetric water content measured through gravimetric determination.
Reeves, T.L.; Elgezawi, S.M. (Wyoming Univ., Laramie, WY (USA). Dept. of Civil Engineering); Kaser, T.G. (GIGO Computer and Electronic, Laramie, WY (US))
Experimental unsaturated soil mechanics
In this general report, experimental systems and procedures of investigating the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils are presented. The water retention properties of unsaturated soils are commented and linked to various physical parameters and properties of the soils. Techniques of controlling suction are described together with their adaptation in various laboratory testing devices. Some typical features of the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils are presented within an elasto-plastic framework. An attempt to describe the numerous and significant recent advances in the investigation of the behaviour of unsaturated soils, including the contributions to this Conference, is proposed.
Delage, Pierre
ISSN 0378-4738 = Water SA Vol. 27 No. 1 January 2001 71Available on website http://www.wrc.org.za Plant-soil interactions of sludge-borne heavy metals and the
ISSN 0378-4738 = Water SA Vol. 27 No. 1 January 2001 71Available on website http://www.wrc.org.za Plant-soil interactions of sludge-borne heavy metals and the effect on maize (Zea mays L.) seedling, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 2 ERWAT Chair in Wastewater Management, Water Utilisation Section, Department
Reorientation of the �free OH� group in the top-most layer of air/water interface of sodium fluoride aqueous solution probed with sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy
Many experimental and theoretical studies have established the specific anion, as well as cation effects on the hydrogen-bond structures at the air/water interface of electrolyte solutions. However, the ion effects on the top-most layer of the air/water interface, which is signified by the non-hydrogen-bonded so-called �free O-H� group, has not been discussed or studied. In this report, we present the measurement of changes of the orientational angle of the �free O-H� group at the air/water interface of the sodium fluoride (NaF) solutions at different concentrations using the interface selective sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) in the ssp and ppp polarizations. The polarization dependent SFG-VS results show that the average tilt angle of the �free O-H� changes from about 35.3 degrees � 0.5 degrees to 43.4 degrees � 2.1degrees as the NaF concentration increase from 0 to 0.94M (nearly saturated). Such tilt angle change is around the axis of the other O-H group of the same water molecule at the top-most layer at the air/water interface that is hydrogen-bonded to the water molecules below the top-most layer. These results provide quantitative molecular details of the ion effects of the NaF salt on the structure of the water molecules at the top-most layer of the air/water interfacial, even though both the Na+ cation and the F- anion are believed to be among the most excluded ions from the air/water interface.
Feng, Ran-Ran; Guo, Yuan; Wang, Hongfei
Use of EIChroM`s TRU resin in the determination of americium, plutonium and uranium in air filter and water samples
TRU Resin, an extraction chromatographic material (octyl (phenyl)-N,Ndiisobutylcarbamoyl-methylphosphene oxide (CMPO) dissolved in tributyl phosphate (TBP)) manufactured by EIChroM Industries, was tested for its actinide sorption and desorption characteristics. A study was initiated to demonstrate the effectiveness of extracting plutonium, americium and uranium from water and air filter samples from the Environmental Measurements Laboratory`s Quality Assessment Program (QAP), and the effectiveness of subsequent desorption of one chemical species at a time in order to prepare each of them for a spectrometry. Crossover of plutonium into the americium fraction with the TRU Resin was observed and could not be eliminated while using TRU Resin only. However, prior extraction of plutonium using an anion exchange resin can overcome this problem. A method for the determination of americium is proposed which combines the extraction of plutonium onto Bio-Rad AG 1-X8 anion exchange resin with the extraction of americium using the TRU Resin. This method was tested on three triplicate sets of QAP air filters and two triplicate sets of QAP water samples. The recoveries ranged from 70 to 90 percent, and the results were identical to those obtained by the existing methods. The time required to perform the analysis for americium was shortened from 5 weeks to 1 week.
Berne, A.
Historic climate change impacts on soil frost in the Mid-Western
#12;4 Why do we care about soil frost ? · Effects energy and water balance fluxes · Snowmelt events and significance of soil frost in the past century · To study how soil frost effects regional water and energy;17 Effects of soil frost on water & energy balance Differences = Frozen Soil ON Frozen Soil OFF Runoff (RO
Cherkauer, Keith
The effect of various cropping systems upon the stability of aggregates: the rate of water infiltration, and the organic matter content of three soil conditions in the Texas Blacklands.
of the soil snd its relation to water oonserxation and to crop production has been recognised for a long tixm by uorkmrs e~ in agricultural research Soil fertility and plant growth are affected by a nuaber of faotarsx among which structurex organic matter.... . . , ?, ~ . ~ ~ ~ 31 ~ ~ ~ 32 ~ ~ ~ 33 Average pex'oentages of organic carbon in tbe surface layer of three land classes in 6 different cropping systelwl ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 34 Analysis of varianoe of organic oarbon in tbs...
Quintero, Angel H
Air quality impacts analysis for area G. Final report
The impact of fugitive radioactive emissions from the disposal site, Area G, was evaluated in support of site characterization for the Performance Assessment and for the Radioactive Air Emissions Management (RAEM) program. Fugitive emissions of tritiated water and contaminated windblown dust were considered. Data from an extensive field measurement program were used to estimate annual emissions of tritiated water. Fugitive dust models were used to calculate estimates of the annual emissions of windblown dust. These estimates were combined with data on contamination levels in surface soils to develop annual emission rates for specific radionuclides: tritium, uranium-238, cesium-137, plutonium-238, plutonium-239,240, and strontium-90. The CAP-88 atmospheric transport model was used to predict areas potentially affected by long-term dust deposition and atmospheric concentrations. The annual emission rate of tritiated water was estimated from the field data to be 14.0 Ci/yr. The emission rate of soil-borne radionuclides from open areas and from soils handling operations totaled less than 1x10{sup -4} Ci/yr. The CAP-88 results were used to develop effective dose equivalents (EDEs) for receptor locations downwind of Area G. All EDEs were several orders of magnitude below the national standard of 10 mrem/yr. Fugitive air emissions from Area G were found not to pose a health threat to persons living or working downwind of the facility.
Kowalewsky, K.; Eklund, B. [Radian Corp., Austin, TX (United States); Vold, E.L. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Surface Soil
Surface Soil Surface Soil We compare local soil samples with samples collected from northern New Mexico locations that are beyond the range of potential influence from normal...
Plant responses of drip irrigated trees to climate and water stress
the atmosphere and by the movement of water within the plant preventing the desiccation of leaf tissue. Thus atmospheric evaporative demand determined by net radiation, vapour pressure deficit, wind speed and air temperatures is the major determinant.... Water vapour diffuses outward through the stomata in the process of transpirat. :on. When absorption of water by the roots equals the rate of transpiration, leaf cells remain turgid and stomata stay open. Iiowever, when the soil around the roots...
Punthakey, Jehangir Framroze
Air Quality
Why Air Quality Air Quality To preserve our existing wilderness-area air quality, LANL implements a conscientious program of air monitoring. April 12, 2012 Real-time data...
Soil Erosion (Minnesota)
The Board of Water and Soil Resources has adopted a model ordinance to serve as the minimum standard for local governments, which are asked to implement standards and administrative procedures...
Determination of Water Saturation in Relatively Dry Porous Media Using Gas-phase Tracer Tests
Soil desiccation (drying), involving water evaporation induced by dry air injection and extraction, is a potentially robust remediation process to slow migration of inorganic or radionuclide contaminants through the vadose zone. The application of gas-phase partitioning tracer tests has been proposed as a means to estimate initial water volumes and to monitor the progress of the desiccation process at pilot-test and field sites. In this paper, tracer tests have been conducted in porous medium columns with various water saturations using sulfur hexafluoride as the conservative tracer and tricholorofluoromethane and difluoromethane as the water-partitioning tracers. For porous media with minimal silt and/or organic matter fractions, tracer tests provided reasonable saturation estimates for saturations close to zero. However, for sediments with significant silt and/or organic matter fractions, tracer tests only provided satisfactory results when the water saturation was at least 0.1 - 0.2. For dryer conditions, the apparent tracer retardation increases due to air � soil sorption, which is not included in traditional retardation coefficients derived from advection-dispersion equations accounting only for air � water partitioning and water � soil sorption. Based on these results, gas-phase partitioning tracer tests may be used to determine initial water volumes in sediments, provided the initial water saturations are sufficiently large. However, tracer tests are not suitable for quantifying moisture content in desiccated sediments.
Oostrom, Martinus; Tartakovsky, Guzel D.; Wietsma, Thomas W.; Truex, Michael J.; Dane, Jacob H.
Isolating Effects of Water Table Dynamics, Terrain, and Soil Moisture Heterogeneity on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Coupled Models
depth (PBLD), (b) vertical wind speed (w), (c) latent heatdepth (PBLD), (b) vertical wind speed (w), (c) latent heatdepth (PBLD) and (b) vertical wind speed (w) versus water
Rihani, Jehan
5, 95145, 2008 Soil parameter
tools to sim- ulate mass and energy fluxes within the soil vegetation atmosphere continuum for nu, linking the water and energy fluxes at the land surface. An appropriate parameterisation of soil hydraulicHESSD 5, 95145, 2008 Soil parameter inversion potential and limits A. Loew and W. Mauser Title
Effect of surface tension on the acoustic radiation pressure-induced motion of the water-air interface
Effect of surface tension on the acoustic radiation pressure-induced motion of the water to be a function of the surface tension. The time of mound formation measurementsin cleanwaterat low.Our objectiveisto investigatetheeffectsof surface tension on mound formation. We usea boundaryintegralmethodto
Khuri-Yakub, Butrus T. "Pierre"
Environmental Tradeoffs in a Desert City: An Investigation of Water Use, Energy Consumption, and Local Air Temperature in Phoenix, AZ
Environmental Tradeoffs in a Desert City: An Investigation of Water Use, Energy Consumption Area This study examined 16 Census Block Groups (2000) within the City of Phoenix to investigate are critical for long-term urban planning. Figure 2: Study Area: 16 Census Block Groups within City of Phoenix
E-Print Network 3.0 - air double contrast Sample Search Results
air dehydration, or soil drought. Observations from H. annuus showed Source: Stiller, Volker - Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University...
Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Resulting from Soil
, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, U.K. Heavy metal pollution of soil and water is often associated of water erosion in detaching and transporting sediment-associated heavy metals from agri- cultural soils to surface waters has been overlooked. Heavy metals in arable soils are derived from the soil parent material
Quinton, John
The effects of channel diameter on flow pattern, void fraction and pressure drop of two-phase air-water flow in circular micro-channels
Two-phase air-water flow characteristics are experimentally investigated in horizontal circular micro-channels. Test sections are made of fused silica. The experiments are conducted based on three different inner diameters of 0.53, 0.22 and 0.15 mm with the corresponding lengths of 320, 120 and 104 mm, respectively. The test runs are done at superficial velocities of gas and liquid ranging between 0.37-42.36 and 0.005-3.04 m/s, respectively. The flow visualisation is facilitated by systems mainly including stereozoom microscope and high-speed camera. The flow regime maps developed from the observed flow patterns are presented. The void fractions are determined based on image analysis. New correlation for two-phase frictional multiplier is also proposed for practical applications. (author)
Saisorn, Sira [Energy Division, The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140 (Thailand); Wongwises, Somchai [Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Lab. (FUTURE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140 (Thailand)
Evaluation and prevention of explosions in soil vapor extraction systems
Due to the widespread and long term use of petroleum derived fuels and solvents, many areas have subsurface soils contaminated with petroleum derivatives. This contamination can migrate to groundwater, which is frequently used to supply drinking water needs. A common method of cleaning up that contamination is soil vapor extraction (SVE). SVE is a technique where several extraction wells are installed in the contaminated area, with screens in the appropriate vertical locations. The soil vapors re extracted form the wells using a positive displacement blower. To prevent this subsurface contamination from becoming air pollution, the extracted vapors are then sent to some hydrocarbon removal device, such as a carbon adsorption system or a thermal oxidizer. The data used in this investigation were collected as part of a Radian Corporation project for a client. The site is a former petroleum refinery, and the hydrocarbons are primarily gasoline and diesel.
Hower, J.W. [Radian Corp., El Segundo, CA (United States)
Bibliography of work on the heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air, Update Number 2 to October 1996
The Solar Industrial Program has developed processes that destroy hazardous substances in or remove them from water and air. The processes of interest in this report are based on the application of heterogeneous photocatalysts, principally titanium dioxide or modifications thereof, but work on other heterogeneous catalysts is included in this compilation. This report continues bibliographies that were published in May, 1994, and October, 1995. The previous reports included 663 and 574 citations, respectively. This update contains an additional 518 references. These were published during the period from June 1995 to October 1996, or are references from prior years that were not included in the previous reports. The work generally focuses on removing hazardous contaminants from air or water to meet environmental or health regulations. This report also references work on properties of semiconductor photocatalysts and applications of photocatalytic chemistry in organic synthesis. This report follows the same organization as the previous publications. The first part provides citations for work done in a few broad categories that are generic to the process. Three tables provide references to work on specific substances. The first table lists organic compounds that are included in various lists of hazardous substances identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The second table lists compounds not included in those categories, but which have been treated in a photocatalytic process. The third table covers inorganic compounds that are on EPA lists of hazardous materials or that have been treated by a photocatalytic process. A short update on companies that are active in providing products or services based on photocatalytic processes is provided.
Demonstration testing and evaluation of in situ soil heating. Revision 1, Demonstration system design
Over the last nine years IIT Research Institute (IITRI) has been developing and testing the in situ heating and soil decontamination process for the remediation of soils containing hazardous organic contaminants. In this process the soil is heated in situ using electrical energy. The contaminants are removed from the soil due to enhanced vaporization, steam distillation and stripping. The vaporized contaminants, water vapor and air are recovered from the heated zone by means of a vacuum manifold system which collects gases from below surface as well as from the soil surface. A vapor barrier is used to prevent fugitive emissions of the contaminants and to control air infiltration to minimize dilution of the contaminant gases and vapors. The recovered gases and vapors are conveyed to an on site vapor treatment system for the clean up of the vent gases. Electrical energy is applied to the soil by forming an array of electrodes in the soil which are electrically interconnected and supplied with power. The electrodes are placed in drilled bore holes which are made through the contaminated zone. There are two versions of the in situ heating and soil treatment process: the f irst version is called the In Situ Radio Frequency (RF) Soil Decontamination Process and the second version is called the In Situ Electromagnetic (EM) Soil Decontamination Process. The first version, the RF Process is capable of heating the soil in a temperature range of 100{degrees} to 400{degrees}C. The soil temperature in the second version, the EM Process, is limited to the boiling point of water under native conditions. Thus the soil will be heated to a temperature of about 85{degrees} to 95{degrees}C. In this project IITRI will demonstrate the EM Process for in situ soil decontamination at K-25 Site due to the fact that most of the contaminants of concern are volatile organics which can be removed by heating the soil to a temperature range of 85{degrees} to 95{degrees}C.
Dev, H.
Establishment, growth and water use of Quercus virginiana (Mill.) on lignite surface-mined soils in response to irrigation
1 percent slope and an aspect of 95'. The plot location is at latitude 30'35'N and longitude 96 06'W at an elevation of 85 meters. The study site is in the Post Oak Savannah region of Texas which is characterized by gently rolling to hilly... applied to 12 live oak seedlings on reclaimed lignite surface-mined soils in central Texas as a means to study the physiology and growth of seedlings during establishment. The study period was 4 July 1990 through 30 September 1990. Transpiration...
Duncan, Jacalyn E.
Analytical solutions for benchmarking cold regions subsurface water flow and energy transport models: One-dimensional soil thaw
Kenzie b , Kerry T.B. MacQuarrie a , Clifford I. Voss c a Department of Civil Engineering, University to impede the migration of contaminated water [30], to simulate the influence of design alternatives
McKenzie, Jeffrey M.
Availability and distribution of heavy metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus from sewage sludge in the plant-soil-water continuum
Research was conducted during 1984 and 1985 to determine Cd, Cu, N, Ni, P, and Zn availabilities to barley (Hordeum vulgare) and corn (Zea mays) grown on four sludge-amended soils. An aerobically digested sewage sludge, which was dewatered for approximately 2 years on sandbeds, was obtained from a sewage-treatment plant with major industrial inputs. A 14-day anaerobic N incubation study indicated that mineralization of sludge organic N varied from 9.2% at the 42 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate to 4.2% at the 210 Mg ha(-1) rate. This relatively low percentage of N mineralized from the sludge may reflect the inhibitory effects of the high sludge-metal levels on N transformations and the changes in sludge composition during long-term dewatering on sandbeds. Sludge application increased crop yields, except where the amounts of N mineralized from the sludge was inadequate to supply the N requirement of the crop. Crop yields were not decreased by either metal phytotoxity or P deficiency on the four sludge-amended soils.
Rappaport, B.D.; Scott, J.D.; Martens, D.C.; Reneau, R.B.; Simpson, T.W.
Productive soil must be fertile physical fertility
, structure, drainage, tilth · chemical fertility nutrient supply · soil testing #12;#12;Soil formation-'weathering' · physical freezing, thawing, wetting, drying, organisms · chemical dissolved minerals moved in water soil · improve by adding organic residues decay: 90% CO2 + H2O #12;#12;#12;Problem: `heavy' soil · aggregates
Soil as natural capital Ecosystem services and
threats Decline in: Lead to: soil carbon soil erosion biological ac2 tool box Information on sustainable soil use incentives After Daiily et al 2009 "decision loop" #12;Soil is a natural capital Ecosystem services Nutrient retention Carbon storage Water retention
KSInglett Page 1 MATH FOR SOIL SCIENTISTS
skills that are most relevant to graduate courses in environmental science including Soil and Water transport 9. Soil temperature, heat capacity and conductivity Unit 3 PROBLEM SOLVING IN SOIL BIOCHEMISTRY 10 and gas fluxes Unit 5 PROBLEM SOLVING IN SOIL CHEMISTRY, FERTILITY, and MANAGEMENT (optional) 19. p
How Soil Organic Matter Composition Controls Hexachlorobenzene-Soil-Interactions: Adsorption Isotherms and Quantum Chemical Modelling
Hazardous persistent organic pollutants (POPs) interact in soil with the soil organic matter (SOM) but this interaction is insufficiently understood at the molecular level. We investigated the adsorption of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on soil samples with systematically modified SOM. These samples included the original soil, the soil modified by adding a hot water extract (HWE) fraction (soil+3 HWE and soil+6 HWE), and the pyrolyzed soil. The SOM contents increased in the order pyrolyzed soil soil soil+3 HWE soil+6 HWE. For the latter three samples this order was also valid for the HCB adsorption. The pyrolyzed soil adsorbed more HCB than the other samples at low initial concentrations, but at higher concentrations the HCB adsorption became weaker than in the samples with HWE addition. This adsorption behaviour combined with the differences in the chemical composition between the soil samples suggested that alkylated aromatic, phenol, and lignin monomer compounds contributed most to the HC...
Ahmed, Ashour; K�hn, Oliver
Value impact analysis of Generic Issue 143, Availability of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) and Chilled Water Systems
This study evaluates the values (benefits) and impacts (costs) associated with potential resolutions to Generic Issue 143, ``Availability of HVAC and Chilled Water Systems.`` The study identifies vulnerabilities related to failures of HVAC, chilled water, and room cooling systems; develops estimates of room heatup rates and safety-related equipment vulnerabilities following losses of HVAC/room cooler systems; develops estimates of the core damage frequencies and public risks associated with failures of these systems; develops three proposed resolution strategies to this generic issue; and performs a value/impact analysis of the proposed resolutions. Existing probabilistic risk assessments for four representative plants, including one plant from each vendor, form the basis for the core damage frequency and public risk calculations. Both internal and external events were considered. It was concluded that all three proposed resolution strategies exceed the $1,000/person-rem cost-effectiveness ratio. Additional evaluations were performed to develop ``generic`` insights on potential design-related and configuration-related vulnerabilities and potential high-frequency ({approximately}1E-04/RY) accident sequences that involve failures of HVAC/room cooling functions. It was concluded that, although high-frequency accident sequences may exist at some plants, these high-frequency sequences are plant-specific in nature or have been resolved through hardware and/or operational changes. The plant-specific Individual Plant Examinations are an effective vehicle for identification and resolution of these plant-specific anomalies and hardware configurations.
Daling, P.M.; Marler, J.E.; Vo, T.V.; Phan, H.; Friley, J.R. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
Algorithm and simulation development in support of response strategies for contamination events in air and water systems.
Chemical/Biological/Radiological (CBR) contamination events pose a considerable threat to our nation's infrastructure, especially in large internal facilities, external flows, and water distribution systems. Because physical security can only be enforced to a limited degree, deployment of early warning systems is being considered. However to achieve reliable and efficient functionality, several complex questions must be answered: (1) where should sensors be placed, (2) how can sparse sensor information be efficiently used to determine the location of the original intrusion, (3) what are the model and data uncertainties, (4) how should these uncertainties be handled, and (5) how can our algorithms and forward simulations be sufficiently improved to achieve real time performance? This report presents the results of a three year algorithmic and application development to support the identification, mitigation, and risk assessment of CBR contamination events. The main thrust of this investigation was to develop (1) computationally efficient algorithms for strategically placing sensors, (2) identification process of contamination events by using sparse observations, (3) characterization of uncertainty through developing accurate demands forecasts and through investigating uncertain simulation model parameters, (4) risk assessment capabilities, and (5) reduced order modeling methods. The development effort was focused on water distribution systems, large internal facilities, and outdoor areas.
Waanders, Bart Van Bloemen
Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2013) 22, 470482, DOI: 10.1111/geb.12012 Soil water balance performs better than climatic water variables in tree species
1 Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2013) 22, 470482, DOI: 10.1111/geb water balance indices to predict the ecological niches of forest tree species. Location: France Methods aiming to determine the ecological niches of plant species and their responses to climate change. Key
Indicators for Soil and Water Conservation on Rangelands M.G. "SHERM" KARL, D.A. PYKE, P.T. TUELLER, J.D. STEDNICK, S.J. BORCHARD, AND W.
--a category of conditions or processes that is an explicit goal of sustainable management by which. Sustaining fundamental ecosystem processes and components, including biodiversity, were issues of soil and water resources to maintain themselves over time. The Sustainable Rangelands Roundtable (SRR
Wyoming, University of
Dissolved inorganic carbon in soil and shallow groundwater, Konza Prairie LTER Site, NE Kanas, USA
cycles of soil air CO2, groundwater DIC, and isotope characteristics showed a strong dependency on weather conditions and soil respiration. Soil air CO2 reached its annual maximum in the middle of the growing season, when moisture was not limiting to soil...
Tsypin, Mikhail
Lawn Water Management
Water is a limited resource in Texas. This booklet explains how homeowners can establish a water management program for a home lawn that both maintains a healthy sod and also conserves water. The publication discusses soil types, grass varieties...
McAfee, James
SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY FOR DIFFERENT AREAS IN INDIA systems require knowledge of the relationships between soil moisture content (), soil water pressure (h) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K). This study involved field and laboratory determination of soil
Kumar, C.P.
Rainwater Harvesting: Soil Storage and Infiltration System
A soil storage and infiltration system collects rainfall runoff from the roofs of buildings and directs it underground where it infiltrates the soil. Such a system conserves water and protects it from surface pollution. This publication describes...
Mechell, Justin; Lesikar, Bruce J.
Maryland Soil Conservation Districts Law (Maryland)
It is the policy of the state to conserve the soil, water, and related resources of the state through establishing regulations for land-use practices related to soil erosion. This legislation...
System for the removal of contaminant soil-gas vapors
A system extracts contaminated vapors from soil or other subsurface regions by using changes in barometric pressure to operate sensitive check valves that control air entry and removal from wells in the ground. The system creates an efficient subterranean flow of air through a contaminated soil plume and causes final extraction of the contaminants from the soil to ambient air above ground without any external energy sources.
Weidner, Jerry R. (Iona, ID); Downs, Wayne C. (Sugar City, ID); Kaser, Timothy G. (Ammon, ID); Hall, H. James (Idaho Falls, ID)
A system extracts contaminated vapors from soil or other subsurface regions by using changes in barometric pressure to operate sensitive check valves that control air entry and removal from wells in the ground. The system creates an efficient subterranean flow of air through a contaminated soil plume and causes final extraction of the contaminants from the soil to ambient air above ground without any external energy sources. 4 figs.
Weidner, J.R.; Downs, W.C.; Kaser, T.G.; Hall, H.J.
Water-dispersible soil particles and the transport of nonpoint-source pollutants in the lower Rio Grande Valley
complexation and sorption reactions. SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN NATURAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR SUSPENSION STABILITY Colloids are solid particles with a diameter between 0, 01 pm and 10 )tm and very low water solubility which remain in the suspended state due... in operating the transinission electron microscope. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTE I R INTRODUCIION. Particle-Mediated Transport of Nonpoint-Soutce Pollutants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspended Particles in Natural Systems and Their Suspension...
Przepiora, Andrzej
Soil surface modification in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas
higher on unplowed areas, but deep soils contained more soil water when root plowed on Upton gravelly loams. Deep Reagan silty clay loam soils contained more soil water after treatment than did untreated areas. Brush cover was significantly reduced... Deep Soil, Reagan Silty Clay Loam. Deep Soil, Upton Gravelly Loam . Total Grass Production. Forbs Shallow Soil, Reagan Silty Clay Loam Shallow Soil, Upton Gravelly Loam. Total Herbaceous Production Total Grass Production Forbs iv vii 14 14...
Merrill, Clifton Edwards
NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission and Opportunities for Applications Users
Water in the soil�both its amount (soil moisture) and its state (freeze/thaw)�plays a key role in water and energy cycles, in weather and climate, and in the carbon cycle. Additionally, soil moisture touches upon human ...
Brown, Molly E.
Water for future Mars astronauts?
Water for future Mars astronauts? Water for future Mars astronauts? Within its first three months on Mars, NASA's Curiosity Rover saw a surprising diversity of soils and sediments...
E-Print Network 3.0 - air force range Sample Search Results
Colorado State University Collection: Geosciences 70 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and...
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University Collection: Materials Science ; Engineering 63 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and...
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Chemistry, University of Kansas Collection: Chemistry 18 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and...
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University of Nebraska-Lincoln Collection: Engineering 67 Water Modeling of Steel Flow, Air Entrainment and Filtration Summary: , the use of a water system to model air...
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Water Quality and Quantity Concerns Population growth, increasing water demands,
systems, private water well screening, and soil nutrient management. Water conservation programs of Agri, efficient use, sustainable practices, watershed management and environmental stewardship. Through 660 and utilizing water-conservation practices will be essential to sustain the state's water supply
Managing Our Grandchildren's Forests: The Role of Soil Biology and Soil Ecology1
matter and energy, water and nutrients, organic matter, and gases. Soils within forest ecosystems supportManaging Our Grandchildren's Forests: The Role of Soil Biology and Soil Ecology1 James R. Boyle2 The papers of this volume provide some "nuggets" of insight into the complexity of soil biology and its
Standiford, Richard B.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium of water-acetone-air at ambient temperatures and pressures. An analysis of different VLE-fitting methods
The availability of accurate equilibrium data is of high importance in chemical engineering practice both for design and research purposes. It appeared that for the gas absorption system water-acetone-air in the range of special interest for absorption and desorption operations, neither literature data nor calculations following UNIFAC gave a sufficient accuracy. An experimental program was set up to determine equilibrium data with an accuracy within 2% for low acetone concentrations (up to 7 wt % gas phase) at ambient temperature (16-30/sup 0/C) and atmospheric pressure (740-860 mmHg). From experiments the activity coefficient at infinite dilution of acetone ..gamma.. is found to be 6.79 (0.01) at 20/sup 0/C and 7.28 (0.01) at 25/sup 0/C, while the total error in ..gamma.. is 1.5%. The equilibrium constant can be calculated from ..gamma.. and shows the same error. The experimental data-fitting with procedures of Margules (two parameters) and Van Laar were successful, but NRTL, Wilson, and UNIQUAC failed, probably because of the small concentration range used.
Lichtenbelt, J.H.; Schram, B.J.
Soils Soil Series
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administrationcontroller systemsBiSite CulturalDepartment ofat HomeAssurance: DOESoil0 Soils Soil
Retrofit Integrated Space & Water Heating: Field Assessment,...
directly replace the existing forced air furnace and water heater, and consist of a high efficiency water heater or boiler and an optimized hydronic air handler. The air handlers...
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Role of soil in Rhizobacteria
Abstract- Our surrounding is filled up with a large number of toxicants in different forms. They contaminate our water, land and atmosphere where we live. Heavy metal pollution of soil is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agriculture. Rhizosphere, as an important interface of soil and plant, plays a significant role in phytoremediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals, in which, microbial populations are known to affect heavy metal mobility and availability to the plant through release of chelating agents, acidification, phosphate solubilization and redox changes. Phytoremediation of toxic heavy metals could be carried out by using specific metallophytes. Green plants are the lungs of nature with unique ability to purifying impure air by photosynthesis and remove or minimize heavy metals toxicity from soil and water ecosystem by absorption, accumulation and biotransformation process. This article paper reviews some recent advances in effect and significance of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal toxicity in contaminated soils. There is also a need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transfer and mobilization of heavy metals by rhizobacteria and to conduct research on the selection of microbial isolates from Rhizosphere of plants growing metal contaminated soils for specific restoration programmes. Index Terms- Environmental, heavy metal toxicity,
Rajendra Prasad Bharti; Abhilasha Shri Vastava; Kishor Soni; Asha Tiwari; Shivbhanu More
Seneca Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Project
This document provides specifications for the process air compressor for a compressed air storage project, requests a budgetary quote, and provides supporting information, including compressor data, site specific data, water analysis, and Seneca CAES value drivers.
Arkansas Air Pollution Control Code (Arkansas)
The Arkansas Air Pollution Control code is adopted pursuant to Subchapter 2 of the Arkansas Water and Air Pollution Control Act (Arkansas Code Annotated 8-4-101). ) By authority of the same State...
Occurrence of Nitrites in Soils.
capacity for producing nitrates may form large amounts of nitrites. Nitrites may persist in the soil or in soil extracts for several weeks. Magnesium carbonate and calcium car- bonate may favor the formation of nitrites. Water equivaIent to 50 per cent... ............................................. Method of work 5 Nitrites in soils without additions of nitrogenous materials ........ 6 Nitrification capacity as measured by nitric nitrogen alone. and by nitric and nitrous nitrogen combined ....................... 6...
Fraps, G. S. (George Stronach); Sterges, A. J.
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--Soil Biota
powerhouse of soil, include an incredible diversity of organisms. Tons of soil biota, including micro
L. Rex Ellis Assistant Research Scientist of Subaqueous Soils (100% Research)
.S., Environmental Science, University of Florida, 1998 M.S., Soil Science, University of Florida, 2002 Ph.D., Soil Assistant, Soil and Water Science Department, UF 1998-2000, Soil Scientist, St. Johns River Water Management of Transportation Role: Co-PI Publications Hurt, G.W., Ellis, L.R., Sub-aqueous Soil Morphology Indicators
Radiological engineering evaluation of the delay line air scrubber located at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)
OF CONTENTS. . . . . 1v LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES . . . INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND . . . Vu THEORY Air Scrubber Prediction Spreadsheet. Retnoval Efficiency Calculation. Water Diagnostic Line . Air Sample Line HRS dome Air Sample Line.... . . . . . . . . . . Air Sample Line HRS dome Air Sample Line. . . . . . . . I 9 . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . 28 METHODS. . RESULTS . . Water Diagnostic Line Results. Air Sample Line Results. . HRS dome Air Sample Line Results . . Radiological...
Huneycutt, Scott Edward
Rangeland Sheet 6 Soil Quality Information Sheet
decomposition. Chemically stable organic matter gives soil its dark color and is generally the largest pool. Increasing levels of organic matter promote a higher water- holding capacity, which results in increasedRangeland Sheet 6 Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--Organic Matter USDA
E-Print Network 3.0 - air act section Sample Search Results
Summary: pipe section to explore the actual air-water interface shape, the mechanism of air entrainment, as well... relationships. In the fol- lowing sections, the air-water...
Commercial and centralized drilling-fluid disposal (CCDD) sites receive a portion of spent drilling fluids for disposal from oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) operations. Many older and some abandoned sites may have operated under less stringent regulations than are currently enforced. This study provides a census, compilation, and summary of information on active, inactive, and abandoned CCDD sites in Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, intended as a basis for supporting State-funded assessment and remediation of abandoned sites. Closure of abandoned CCDD sites is within the jurisdiction of State regulatory agencies. Sources of data used in this study on abandoned CCDD sites mainly are permit files at State regulatory agencies. Active and inactive sites were included because data on abandoned sites are sparse. Onsite reserve pits at individual wells for disposal of spent drilling fluid are not part of this study. Of 287 CCDD sites in the four States for which we compiled data, 34 had been abandoned whereas 54 were active and 199 were inactive as of January 2002. Most were disposal-pit facilities; five percent were land treatment facilities. A typical disposal-pit facility has fewer than 3 disposal pits or cells, which have a median size of approximately 2 acres each. Data from well-documented sites may be used to predict some conditions at abandoned sites; older abandoned sites might have outlier concentrations for some metal and organic constituents. Groundwater at a significant number of sites had an average chloride concentration that exceeded nonactionable secondary drinking water standard of 250 mg/L, or a total dissolved solids content of >10,000 mg/L, the limiting definition for underground sources of drinking water source, or both. Background data were lacking, however, so we did not determine whether these concentrations in groundwater reflected site operations. Site remediation has not been found necessary to date for most abandoned CCDD sites; site assessments and remedial feasibility studies are ongoing in each State. Remediation alternatives addressed physical hazards and potential for groundwater transport of dissolved salt and petroleum hydrocarbons that might be leached from wastes. Remediation options included excavation of wastes and contaminated adjacent soils followed by removal to permitted disposal facilities or land farming if sufficient on-site area were available.
Alan R. Dutton; H. Seay Nance
Supply fan energy use in pressurized underfloor air distribution systems
air-water devices like fan coil units and water source heatsuch as VAV boxes and fan coil units. One fairly typical
Webster, Tom P.E.; Bauman, Fred P.E.; Ring, Erik P.E.
Soil separator and sampler and method of sampling
A soil sampler includes a fluidized bed for receiving a soil sample. The fluidized bed may be in communication with a vacuum for drawing air through the fluidized bed and suspending particulate matter of the soil sample in the air. In a method of sampling, the air may be drawn across a filter, separating the particulate matter. Optionally, a baffle or a cyclone may be included within the fluidized bed for disentrainment, or dedusting, so only the finest particulate matter, including asbestos, will be trapped on the filter. The filter may be removable, and may be tested to determine the content of asbestos and other hazardous particulate matter in the soil sample.
O'Brien, Barry H. (Idaho Falls, ID) [Idaho Falls, ID; Ritter, Paul D. (Idaho Falls, ID) [Idaho Falls, ID
Hot air drum evaporator
An evaporation system for aqueous radioactive waste uses standard 30 and 55 gallon drums. Waste solutions form cascading water sprays as they pass over a number of trays arranged in a vertical stack within a drum. Hot dry air is circulated radially of the drum through the water sprays thereby removing water vapor. The system is encased in concrete to prevent exposure to radioactivity. The use of standard 30 and 55 gallon drums permits an inexpensive compact modular design that is readily disposable, thus eliminating maintenance and radiation build-up problems encountered with conventional evaporation systems.
Black, Roger L. (Idaho Falls, ID)
E-Print Network 3.0 - accelerated on-site soil Sample Search...
-resolution projections of feedstock production in analyses of soil carbon change, soil erosion, energy use, net... greenhouse gas emissions, and water qualitynutrient...
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soil quality related to agricultural... of ... Source: Jawitz, James W. - Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida Collection: Environmental Sciences and...
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soil... hydrocarbon degraders, and polycyclic aromatic ... Source: Ma, Lena - Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida Collection: Environmental Sciences and...
Vadose zone water fluxmeter
A Vadose Zone Water Fluxmeter (WFM) or Direct Measurement WFM provides direct measurement of unsaturated water flow in the vadose zone. The fluxmeter is a cylindrical device that fits in a borehole or can be installed near the surface, or in pits, or in pile structures. The fluxmeter is primarily a combination of tensiometers and a porous element or plate in a water cell that is used for water injection or extraction under field conditions. The same water pressure measured outside and inside of the soil sheltered by the lower cylinder of the fluxmeter indicates that the water flux through the lower cylinder is similar to the water flux in the surrounding soil. The fluxmeter provides direct measurement of the water flow rate in the unsaturated soils and then determines the water flux, i.e. the water flow rate per unit area.
Faybishenko, Boris A.
Ch.9 Water Resources ! Hydrologic cycle
Energy Balance G Ts Td H LE Q t = Rn - LE - H - G where Q/t is the heat storage change of soil column in the liquid or solid phase at or near the land surface becomes water vapor. Water Bare soil Vegetated of the water molecules to a solid surface (e.g., soil or glass). #12;A simple soil-water-balance equation
Pan, Feifei
November 2000 No. 2 --2000 Soil Erosion and Productivity1/
the forces of nature move vulnerable soil toward the sea. Very simply put wind and water provide the energy needed to detach soil particles and transport them until their energy decreases and the particles mph can splash soil particles as far as 5 feet. The raindrop energy also compacts and seals the soil
- action model is used to simulate the structural-functional plant growth conditioned by water status approach of dynamic programming is used. KEY WORDS Irrigation scheduling, plant-soil model, water stress]). In the coupling approach, we simulate the soil water balance by PILOTE to get the water stress index. Plant
THE SOIL SCOOP by Clain Jones, Montana State University Extension Soil Fertility Specialist, and Kathrin Olson-Rutz, Research Associate
of energy for soil microorganisms.Although SOC makes up roughly 60% of SOM, only a portion the water solubleTHE SOIL SCOOP by Clain Jones, Montana State University Extension Soil Fertility Specialist, and Kathrin Olson-Rutz, Research Associate Evaluating Soil Quality and Health rate cycling timing
Lawrence, Rick L.
Use of passive microwave remote sensing to monitor soil moisture
January 1998) Abstract - Surface soil moisture is a key variable to describe the water and energy soil layer) is a key variable in the water and energy exchanges at the land surfaceReview Use of passive microwave remote sensing to monitor soil moisture Jean-Pierre Wignerona
Water Balance in Terrestrial PlantsWater Balance in Terrestrial Plants Water Regulation on LandWater Regulation on Land --PlantsPlants WWipip= W= Wrr + W+ Waa --WWtt --WWss
1 Water Balance in Terrestrial PlantsWater Balance in Terrestrial Plants Water Regulation on LandWater waters internal water WWrr =Roots=Roots WWaa = Air= Air WWtt = Transpiration= Transpiration WWss = Secretions= Secretions Water Regulation on Land - Plants Water Balance in Terrestrial PlantsWater Balance
Supersonic Air Jets Preserve Tree Roots in Underground Pipeline Installation1
Supersonic Air Jets Preserve Tree Roots in Underground Pipeline Installation1 Rob Gross 2 trenching operations for pipeline installation. Although mechanical soil excavation using heavy equipment
The soil reference shrinkage curve
A recently proposed model showed how a clay shrinkage curve is transformed to the soil shrinkage curve at the soil clay content higher than a critical one. The objective of the present work was to generalize this model to the soil clay content lower a critical one. I investigated (i) the reference shrinkage curve, that is, one without cracks; (ii) the superficial layer of aggregates, with changed pore structure compared with the intraaggregate matrix; and (iii) soils with sufficiently low clay content where there are large pores inside the intraaggregate clay (so-called lacunar pores). The methodology is based on detail accounting for different contributions to the soil volume and water content during shrinkage. The key point is the calculation of the lacunar pore volume variance at shrinkage. The reference shrinkage curve is determined by eight physical soil parameters: (1) oven-dried specific volume; (2) maximum swelling water content; (3) mean solid density; (4) soil clay content; (5) oven-dried structural porosity; (6) the ratio of aggregate solid mass to solid mass of intraaggregate matrix; (7) the lacunar factor that characterizes the rate of the lacunar pore volume change with water content; and (8) oven-dried lacunar pore volume. The model was validated using available data. The model predicted value of the slope of the reference shrinkage curve in the basic shrinkage area is equal to unity minus the lacunar factor value, and is between unity and zero in the agreement with observations.
The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model Manual, version 1.3, September 2005
.................................................................................................. 5 Soil energy and water balanceThe Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model Manual, version 1.3, September 2005 Dr. Mathew Williams School handbook v 1.2 -2- Index The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model
chilled water cooling coil, and supply fan. The fan is aspecify the VAV box cooling design supply air temperature (the underfloor supply plenum (thereby, reducing room cooling
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Free Air CO2-Enrichment Experiment Summary: Litterfall 15N Abundance Indicates Declining Soil N Availability in a Free Air CO2-Enrichment... in different treatment rings at the...
Water-heating dehumidifier
A water-heating dehumidifier includes a refrigerant loop including a compressor, at least one condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator including an evaporator fan. The condenser includes a water inlet and a water outlet for flowing water therethrough or proximate thereto, or is affixed to the tank or immersed into the tank to effect water heating without flowing water. The immersed condenser design includes a self-insulated capillary tube expansion device for simplicity and high efficiency. In a water heating mode air is drawn by the evaporator fan across the evaporator to produce cooled and dehumidified air and heat taken from the air is absorbed by the refrigerant at the evaporator and is pumped to the condenser, where water is heated. When the tank of water heater is full of hot water or a humidistat set point is reached, the water-heating dehumidifier can switch to run as a dehumidifier.
Tomlinson, John J. (Knoxville, TN)
International Lige Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, GAS TRANSFER AT WATER SURFACES, May 2 -6 2005 Estimation of air-sea gas and heat fluxes from infrared imagery and
2005 Estimation of air-sea gas and heat fluxes from infrared imagery and surface wave measurements and much higher heat fluxes. In addition, the infrared imagery analysis reveals potentially significant the infrared images. It is also shown that the difference in the surface boundary conditions for heat and gas
Soil respiration in perennial grass and shrub ecosystems: Linking environmental controls with plant and microbial sources on seasonal and diel timescales
R. Vargas (2008), Automated soil respiration measure- ments:and J. M. Wraith (2007), Diurnal hysteresis between soil CO2 and soil temperature is controlled by soil water content,
Carbone, Mariah S; Winston, Gregory C; Trumbore, Susan E
Collection Policy: SOIL, CROP AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Subject Scope | Priority Tables | Other policies . . .
. q Microclimatology. q Air pollution. q Atmospheric modeling. q The Engineering Library hasCollection Policy: SOIL, CROP AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Subject Scope | Priority Tables | Other; atmospheric phenomena, prediction, modeling; geographical information systems; soil survey; microbial
Angenent, Lars T.
Pneumatic soil removal tool
A soil removal tool is provided for removing radioactive soil, rock and other debris from the bottom of an excavation, while permitting the operator to be located outside of a containment for that excavation. The tool includes a fixed jaw, secured to one end of an elongate pipe, which cooperates with a movable jaw pivotably mounted on the pipe. Movement of the movable jaw is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder mounted on the pipe. The actuator rod of the pneumatic cylinder is connected to a collar which is slidably mounted on the pipe and forms part of the pivotable mounting assembly for the movable jaw. Air is supplied to the pneumatic cylinder through a handle connected to the pipe, under the control of an actuator valve mounted on the handle, to provide movement of the movable jaw. 3 figs.
Neuhaus, J.E.
A soil removal tool is provided for removing radioactive soil, rock and other debris from the bottom of an excavation, while permitting the operator to be located outside of a containment for that excavation. The tool includes a fixed jaw, secured to one end of an elongate pipe, which cooperates with a movable jaw pivotably mounted on the pipe. Movement of the movable jaw is controlled by a pneumatic cylinder mounted on the pipe. The actuator rod of the pneumatic cylinder is connected to a collar which is slidably mounted on the pipe and forms part of the pivotable mounting assembly for the movable jaw. Air is supplied to the pneumatic cylinder through a handle connected to the pipe, under the control of an actuator valve mounted on the handle, to provide movement of the movable jaw.
Neuhaus, John E. (Newport News, VA)
Remediation of a fractured clay soil contaminated with gasoline containing MTBE
Gasoline and other light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) released into fractured clay soils initially move by advection of the LNAPL through the fractures. Once advective movement of the LNAPL ceases, dissolution of the gasoline components into the pore water and diffusion into the intact blocks of clay becomes an important transport process. The aqueous-phase flux of each compound in the mixture depends in large part upon its aqueous solubility. For example, a low-solubility compound like isooctane remains primarily in the fracture in the LNAPL. A high-solubility compound, like methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), dissolves readily and may move almost entirely into the clay matrix. The distribution of compounds between the matrix and the fractures will have an important impact on the rate at which the gasoline contaminated soil can be remediated. In this context, the presence of soluble additives like MTBE can significantly impact the risk and remediation time for the, soil. Beginning in 1993 a field study to examine the applicability of air flushing for remediation of low-permeability soils was sponsored by API. The study focused on a variety of soil vapor extraction (SVE) and in situ air sparging (IAS) approaches for mass removal and risk reduction. The source of gasoline contamination in this study was a release of 50 liters of a mixture containing 14 gasoline hydrocarbons ranging from pentane to naphthalene, and including MTBE. The mixture was released into the shallow subsurface and allowed to redistribute for 10 months prior to air flushing startup. Numerical modeling indicated that essentially all of the MTBE should have dissolved into the matrix. In contrast, essentially all of the isooctane should have remained in the LNAPL in the fractures.
Johnson, R.L.; Grady, D.E. [Oregon Graduate Institute, Portland, OR (United States); Walden, T. [BP Oil Europe, Brussels (Belgium)
Managing Soil Salinity
This publication explains soil salinity, factors that contribute to it, and methods of correcting saline soils....
Provin, Tony; Pitt, John L.
Thermal Removal Of Tritium From Concrete And Soil To Reduce Groundwater Impacts
Legacy heavy-water moderator operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) have resulted in the contamination of equipment pads, building slabs, and surrounding soil with tritium. At the time of discovery the tritium had impacted the shallow (< 3-m) groundwater at the facility. While tritium was present in the groundwater, characterization efforts determined that a significant source remained in a concrete slab at the surface and within the associated vadose zone soils. To prevent continued long-term impacts to the shallow groundwater a CERCLA non-time critical removal action for these source materials was conducted to reduce the leaching of tritium from the vadose zone soils and concrete slabs. In order to minimize transportation and disposal costs, an on-site thermal treatment process was designed, tested, and implemented. The on-site treatment consisted of thermal detritiation of the concrete rubble and soil. During this process concrete rubble was heated to a temperature of 815 deg C (1,500 deg F) resulting in the dehydration and removal of water bound tritium. During heating, tritium contaminated soil was used to provide thermal insulation during which it's temperature exceeded 100 deg C (212 deg F), causing drying and removal of tritium. The thermal treatment process volatiles the water bound tritium and releases it to the atmosphere. The released tritium was considered insignificant based upon Clean Air Act Compliance Package (CAP88) analysis and did not exceed exposure thresholds. A treatability study evaluated the effectiveness of this thermal configuration and viability as a decontamination method for tritium in concrete and soil materials. Post treatment sampling confirmed the effectiveness at reducing tritium to acceptable waste site specific levels. With American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding three additional treatment cells were assembled utilizing commercial heating equipment and common construction materials. This provided a total of four units to batch treat concrete rubble and soil. Post treatment sampling verified that the activity in the treated soil and concrete met the treatment standards for each medium which allowed the treated concrete rubble and soil to be disposed of on site as backfill. During testing and operations a total of 1,261-m{sup 3} (1,650-yd{sup 3}) of contaminated concrete and soils were treated with an actual incurred cost of $3,980,000. This represents a unit treatment cost of $3,156/m{sup 3} ($2,412/yd{sup 3}). In 2011 the project was recognized with an e-Star Sustainability Award by DOE's Office of Environmental Management.
Jackson, Dennis G.; Blount, Gerald C.; Wells, Leslie H.; Cardoso-Neto, Joao E.; Kmetz, Thomas F.; Reed, Misty L.
Thermal Removal of Tritium from Concrete and Soil to Reduce Groundwater Impacts - 13197
Legacy heavy-water moderator operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) have resulted in the contamination of equipment pads, building slabs, and surrounding soil with tritium. At the time of discovery the tritium had impacted the shallow (< 3-m) groundwater at the facility. While tritium was present in the groundwater, characterization efforts determined that a significant source remained in a concrete slab at the surface and within the associated vadose zone soils. To prevent continued long-term impacts to the shallow groundwater a CERCLA non-time critical removal action for these source materials was conducted to reduce the leaching of tritium from the vadose zone soils and concrete slabs. In order to minimize transportation and disposal costs, an on-site thermal treatment process was designed, tested, and implemented. The on-site treatment consisted of thermal detritiation of the concrete rubble and soil. During this process concrete rubble was heated to a temperature of 815 deg. C (1,500 deg. F) resulting in the dehydration and removal of water bound tritium. During heating, tritium contaminated soil was used to provide thermal insulation during which it's temperature exceeded 100 deg. C (212 deg. F), causing drying and removal of tritium. The thermal treatment process volatiles the water bound tritium and releases it to the atmosphere. The released tritium was considered insignificant based upon Clean Air Act Compliance Package (CAP88) analysis and did not exceed exposure thresholds. A treatability study evaluated the effectiveness of this thermal configuration and viability as a decontamination method for tritium in concrete and soil materials. Post treatment sampling confirmed the effectiveness at reducing tritium to acceptable waste site specific levels. With American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding three additional treatment cells were assembled utilizing commercial heating equipment and common construction materials. This provided a total of four units to batch treat concrete rubble and soil. Post treatment sampling verified that the activity in the treated soil and concrete met the treatment standards for each medium which allowed the treated concrete rubble and soil to be disposed of on-site as backfill. During testing and operations a total of 1,261-m{sup 3} (1,650-yd{sup 3}) of contaminated concrete and soils were treated with an actual incurred cost of $3,980,000. This represents a unit treatment cost of $3,156/m{sup 3} ($2,412/yd{sup 3}). In 2011 the project was recognized with an e-Star Sustainability Award by DOE's Office of Environmental Management. (authors)
Jackson, Dennis G. [Savannah River National Laboratory, Building 773-42A, Aiken, South Carolina 29808 (United States)] [Savannah River National Laboratory, Building 773-42A, Aiken, South Carolina 29808 (United States); Blount, Gerald C. [Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (United States)] [Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (United States); Wells, Leslie H.; Cardoso, Joao E.; Kmetz, Thomas F.; Reed, Misty L. [U.S Department of Energy-Savannah River Site (United States)] [U.S Department of Energy-Savannah River Site (United States)
1 APBI 402 / SOIL 502 SUSTAINABLE SOIL MANAGEMENT TERM 1 - 2014/15 Lead Instructors*: Maja Krzic indicators to assess sustainability of land management practices. Characterize the soil chemical environment 402-Sustainable Soil Management SOIL 502-Advanced Sustainable Soil Management Final exam 35% Final
Farrell, Anthony P.
IMPORTED SOIL OR SOIL-FORMING MATERIALS PLACEMENT BPG NOTE 5 Best Practice Guidance for Land of heavy industry. Soil material initially present on a site may have been removed or stored in bunds the original soil that has been stored or importing a soil from elsewhere or using a soil-forming material
Modeling the effect of soil structure on water flow and isoproturon dynamics in an agricultural field receiving repeated urban waste compost application
field receiving repeated urban waste compost application Vilim Filipovi1,2,3 , Yves Coquet2 , Val�rie properties. Tillage practices and compost amendments can modify soil structure and create heterogeneity and compost application on transport processes. A modeling study was performed to evaluate how the presence
Soil mineralogy trends in California landscapes R.C. Graham a,
Soil mineralogy trends in California landscapes R.C. Graham a, , A.T. O'Geen b a Soil & Water soil mineralogical trends: 1) granitic terrain of the Peninsular Ranges, 2) granitic terrain of life. Inherent soil fertility issues are often directly linked to soil mineralogy (e.g., Page et al
ORIGINAL PAPER On-farm effects of no-till versus occasional tillage on soil
under occasional tillage had somewhat lower soil organic carbon of 16.0 versus 19.2 gkg-1 , soil water-farm conditions. Keywords Field moisture capacity. Soil aggregation . Soil organic carbon . Sustainable farming process and by sequestering soil organic carbon (Lal et al., 2004). Thus, structural stability and quality
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Name ___________________________________________ The laboratory website provides access to multiple water use and water quality publications.
to lower water pH) 4. R + Metals + Titration for Drip Irrigation $42.50 per sample 5. R + Metals + Heavy water use and water quality publications. Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas AgriLife Extension Service W14 WATER SAMPLE INFORMATION FORM Please submit
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc Documentation RUCProductstwrmrAre theAdministratorCFM LEAPAgendaConditioning AirWhy » Air
Exfiltrometer apparatus and method for measuring unsaturated hydrologic properties in soil
Exfiltrometer apparatus includes a container for holding soil. A sample container for holding sample soil is positionable with respect to the container so that the sample soil contained in the sample container is in communication with soil contained in the container. A first tensiometer operatively associated with the sample container senses a surface water potential at about a surface of the sample soil contained in the sample container. A second tensiometer operatively associated with the sample container senses a first subsurface water potential below the surface of the sample soil. A water content sensor operatively associated with the sample container senses a water content in the sample soil. A water supply supplies water to the sample soil. A data logger operatively connected to the first and second tensiometers, and to the water content sensor receives and processes data provided by the first and second tensiometers and by the water content sensor.
Hubbell, Joel M.; Sisson, James B.; Schafer, Annette L.
Air Effects on Large Droplet Impact Frank T Smith1
Air Effects on Large Droplet Impact Frank T Smith1 and Richard Purvis2 UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK A study is presented of the interaction(s) between air and water in determining the motion of a large surrounding air motion. I.Nomenclature A = magnitude of shear flow in the air c = ratio U /V D
Purvis, Richard
A Test to Illustrate the Effects of ECOSAFE on the Movement of Oil in Contaminated Soils
An ECOSAFE{trademark} solution was tested at 1 part to 100 milliliters of de-ionized water against a control set using de-ionized water only. Each soil column received five and one-quarter treatments of either ECOSAFE{trademark} solution or de-ionized water over two and one-half days. Air was injected following saturation of the columns and leachate recovery. Soil samples were collected from each column on the final day. The total volume of water added to the Control Column was 6.150 milliliters. The laboratory homogenized 2500 ml of water and removed 75 ml of free crude oil product before analysis. Of that, 1,000 milliliters was analyzed for TPH content and 1,000 milliliters was analyzed for Diesel Range Organics using EPA Method 1664 and 8015 Modified, respectively. The sample contained 17 mg/L of TPH and 34 mg/L of Diesel Range Organics. The total volume of water added to the Test Column was 5,850 milliliters. The samples were analyzed for TPH content and Diesel Range Organics using EPA Method 1664 and 8015 Modified, respectively. The sample contained 15 mg/L of TPH and 500 mg/L of Diesel Range Organics.
Jackson, L. M.
Soils and Environment Soil fertility and soil processes
be removed without blasting. Definition of soil #12; Land use planning, urbanization, timber management, landslides, and earthquakes Soils often carry a climatic signal Soil properties related to environmental soil. The fertile soils formed on glacial deposits in the mid-western United States are transported
Innovative Water Reuse
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Federal Energy and Water Management Awards 2014
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Air Quality: Construction Project Air Permit Requirements
Air Quality: Construction Project Air Permit Requirements Department: Chemical and General Safety Program: Air Quality Owner: Program Manager Authority: ES&H Manual, Chapter 30, Air Quality1 All manager or operator must submit the completed form to the air quality program manager before the project
Wechsler, Risa H.
Water Quality Impacts of Bunker Silos
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Regulations of the Arkansas Operating Air Permit Program (Arkansas)
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Cold Air Distribution in Office Buildings: Technology Assessment for California
During building cooling the chillers supply 42 �P water towith 42�P supply air always reduced cooling and totalpart-load) cooling with cold air supply. In most California
Bauman, F.S.
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality--
Soil Quality Information Sheet Rangeland Soil Quality-- Physical and Biological Soil Crusts USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service May 2001 Rangeland Sheet 7 What are soil crusts? A physical crust is a thin layer with reduced porosity and increased density at the surface of the soil. A biological crust
Water Management for Evaporatively Cooled Condensers
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Electrokinetic electrode system for extraction of soil contaminants from unsaturated soils
An electrokinetic electrode assembly is described for use in extraction of soil contaminants from unsaturated soil in situ. The assembly includes a housing for retaining a liquid comprising an electrolyte solution, pure water, and soil water, the housing being in part of porous material capable of holding a vacuum. An electrode is mounted in the housing. The housing is provided with a vacuum orifice for effecting a vacuum within the housing selectively to control flow of soil water through the housing into the chamber and to control outflow of the liquid from the chamber. The assembly further includes conduit means for removing the liquid from the housing and returning the electrolyte solution to the housing, and a conduit for admitting pure water to the housing. An electrode system and method are also revealed for extraction of soil contaminants. The system and method utilize at least two electrode assemblies as described above. 5 figs.
Lindgren, E.R.; Mattson, E.D.
There is presented an electrokinetic electrode assembly for use in extraction of soil contaminants from unsaturated soil in situ. The assembly includes a housing for retaining a liquid comprising an electrolyte solution, pure water, and soil water, the housing being in part of porous material capable of holding a vacuum. An electrode is mounted in the housing. The housing is provided with a vacuum orifice for effecting a vacuum within the housing selectively to control flow of soil water through the housing into the chamber and to control outflow of the liquid from the chamber. The assembly further includes conduit means for removing the liquid from the housing and returning the electrolyte solution to the housing, and a conduit for admitting pure water to the housing. There is further presented an electrode system and method for extraction of soil contaminants, the system and method utilizing at least two electrode assemblies as described above.
Lindgren, Eric R. (Albuquerque, NM); Mattson, Earl D. (Albuquerque, NM)
Experimental Study of the Circulation Air Volume of Recirculation Evaporative Cooling
This paper introduces the technology of re-circulation evaporative cooling (REC), which uses a portion of supply air as secondary air to make cool water used to indirectly cool outside air through a heat exchanger. The circulation volume...
Xiong, J.; Liu, Z.; Wang, C.; Chen, G.
Technical support document: Energy efficiency standards for consumer products: Room air conditioners, water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, kitchen ranges and ovens, pool heaters, fluorescent lamp ballasts and television sets. Volume 1, Methodology
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (P.L. 94-163), as amended, establishes energy conservation standards for 12 of the 13 types of consumer products specifically covered by the Act. The legislation requires the Department of Energy (DOE) to consider new or amended standards for these and other types of products at specified times. DOE is currently considering amending standards for seven types of products: water heaters, direct heating equipment, mobile home furnaces, pool heaters, room air conditioners, kitchen ranges and ovens (including microwave ovens), and fluorescent light ballasts and is considering establishing standards for television sets. This Technical Support Document presents the methodology, data, and results from the analysis of the energy and economic impacts of the proposed standards. This volume presents a general description of the analytic approach, including the structure of the major models.
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