text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Combining ESP and baghouse technology
SciTech Connect (OSTI)
The authors present a progressive application in the field of air pollution control technology. The content of this paper should appeal to operators who must operate out-of-compliance electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), or to those who strive for optimal emission control. St. Lawrence Cement Company, a plant in Beauport Canada, has been in operation since 1955. Their two wet process kilns have utilized electrostatic precipitator (ESP) filters since inception. Since 1965, this company has strived to reduce energy consumption by using alternative waste fuel. This, combined with the increased demand of low alkali cement, took its toll on the ESPs, causing the equipment and its performance to deteriorate. Pressure from environmental agencies to lower outlet emissions forced the company to consider ESP modifications. After investigating several alternatives, the optimal modification was to combine the ESP with bag filters. In addition to being the best choice from a performance standpoint, it was also the least expensive. This modification also allowed a reduced alkali dust from the ESP hoppers to be recirculated to the kilns. The latter two-thirds of the ESP were converted to a baghouse, and optimal system performance was achieved by using high efficiency expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane filter bags. Despite the high moisture, submicron particle size, and cohesive nature of the alkaline dust, very low pressure differentials and extremely low emissions were achieved. Most notably, this complex project was completed within nine months, from concept to commissioning. The plant was shut down for only six weeks during the entire retrofit process. This economically attractive idea was readily accepted by St. Lawrence Cement personnel and the permitting agencies. After the first successful kiln/ESP retrofit, the second kiln/ESP conversion was completed the following year.
Rowland, B.; Ganatra, C.P.; Woolston, J. [W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Elkton, MD (United States)
Hydrometallurgical process for recovering iron sulfate and zinc sulfate from baghouse dust
DOE Patents [OSTI]
A process for recovering zinc-rich and iron-rich fractions from the baghouse dust that is generated in various metallurgical operations, especially in steel-making and other iron-making plants, comprises the steps of leaching the dust by hot concentrated sulfuric acid so as to generate dissolved zinc sulfate and a precipitate of iron sulfate, separating the precipitate from the acid by filtration and washing with a volatile liquid, such as methanol or acetone, and collecting the filtered acid and the washings into a filtrate fraction. The volatile liquid may be recovered by distillation, and the zinc may be removed from the filtrate by alternative methods, one of which involves addition of a sufficient amount of water to precipitate hydrated zinc sulfate at 10 C, separation of the precipitate from sulfuric acid by filtration, and evaporation of water to regenerate concentrated sulfuric acid. The recovery of iron may also be effected in alternative ways, one of which involves roasting the ferric sulfate to yield ferric oxide and sulfur trioxide, which can be reconverted to concentrated sulfuric acid by hydration. The overall process should not generate any significant waste stream. 1 figure.
Zaromb, S.; Lawson, D.B.
Microcomputer programs for particulate control: section failure; baghouse; plume opacity prediction; and in-stack opacity calculator. Software
IBM-PC usable versions of several computer models useful in particulate control are provided. The models were originally written for the TRS-80 Model I-III series of microcomputers and have been translated to run on the IBM-PC. The documentation for the TRS-80 versions applies to the IBM-PC versions. The programs are written in FORTRAN and are provided in both source (FORTRAN) and executable form. Some small machine language routines are used to format the screen for data entry. These routines limit the programs to IBM-PC and close clones. The minimum hardware requirements are 256K IBM-PC or close clone, a monochrome monitor, and a disk drive. A printer is useful but not required. The following computer programs are provided in the four-disk package: (1) ESP section failure model, (2) GCA/EPA baghouse model, (3) Plume opacity prediction model, and (4) In-stack opacity calculator. All the models are documented in EPA report Microcomputer Programs for Particulate Control, EPA-600/8-85-025a (PB86-146529). The models provide useful tools for those involved in particulate control.
Sparks, L.E.
refinery BP Oil's Alliance refinery in Louisiana
E-Print Network [OSTI]
is the focus of an environmental control program, which is also being implemented in other BP plants
unknown authors
BP Oil Spill November 10, 2011
BP Oil Spill Qiyam Tung November 10, 2011 1 Introduction Figure 1: BP Oil spill (source: http://thefoxisblack.com/2010/05/02/the-bp-oil-spill-in-the-gulf-of-mexico/) Last year, there was a major oil spill caused major techniques to minimize the threat once it happened. What kind of damage would an oil spill like this cause
Lega, Joceline
BP America | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 EastMaine: EnergyAustin Energy Place:Guidance DocumentsOperations |BP America Jump
BP Wind | Open Energy Information
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accord intensive bp: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
G. Weiglein; P. Wienemann 2009-11-22 11 BP's Perspective on Emissions Purdue Emissions Trading Workshop Environmental Sciences and Ecology Websites Summary: BP's Perspective...
BP's Perspective on Emissions Purdue Emissions Trading Workshop
BP's Perspective on Emissions Trading Purdue Emissions Trading Workshop April 30, 2010 Mark - Government policies can create a carbon price via three primary mechanisms: - Emissions trading (BP's strong
Pulse stretcher
Apparatus (20) for increasing the length of a laser pulse to reduce its peak power without substantial loss in the average power of the pulse. The apparatus (20) uses a White cell (10) having a plurality of optical delay paths (18a-18d) of successively increasing number of passes between the field mirror (13) and the objective mirrors (11 and 12). A pulse (26) from a laser (27) travels through a multi-leg reflective path (28) between a beam splitter (21) and a totally reflective mirror (24) to the laser output (37). The laser pulse (26) is also simultaneously injected through the beam splitter (21) to the input mirrors (14a-14d) of the optical delay paths (18a-18d). The pulses from the output mirrors (16a-16d) of the optical delay paths (18a-18d) go simultaneously to the laser output (37) and to the input mirrors ( 14b-14d) of the longer optical delay paths. The beam splitter (21) is 50% reflective and 50% transmissive to provide equal attenuation of all of the pulses at the laser output (37).
Horton, James A. (Livermore, CA)
BP Biofuels Brasil | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 EastMaine: EnergyAustin Energy Place:Guidance DocumentsOperations |BP America JumpBP
Pulsed hydrojet
An underwater pulsed hydrojet propulsion system is provided for accelerating and propelling a projectile or other vessel. A reactant, such as lithium, is fluidized and injected into a water volume. The resulting reaction produces an energy density in a time effective to form a steam pocket. Thrust flaps or baffles direct the pressure from the steam pocket toward an exit nozzle for accelerating a water volume to create thrust. A control system regulates the dispersion of reactant to control thrust characteristics.
Bohachevsky, I.O.; Torrey, M.D.
Energy Efficiency in BP's PTA Manufacturing Plants
BP is a leading producer of purified terephthalic acid, or PTA, a commodity chemical used in the production of polyester. Through both self-help initiatives and innovations in our state-of-art process technology, the energy efficiency of our PTA...
Clark, F.
Tapered pulse tube for pulse tube refrigerators
Thermal insulation of the pulse tube in a pulse-tube refrigerator is maintained by optimally varying the radius of the pulse tube to suppress convective heat loss from mass flux streaming in the pulse tube. A simple cone with an optimum taper angle will often provide sufficient improvement. Alternatively, the pulse tube radius r as a function of axial position x can be shaped with r(x) such that streaming is optimally suppressed at each x.
Swift, Gregory W. (Sante Fe, NM); Olson, Jeffrey R. (San Mateo, CA)
BP Clipper Wind JV | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 EastMaine: EnergyAustin Energy Place:Guidance DocumentsOperations |BP America
BP Energy Company | Open Energy Information
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home5b9fcbce19 NoPublic Utilities Address: 160 EastMaine: EnergyAustin Energy Place:Guidance DocumentsOperations |BP AmericaCompany
BP and Hydrogen Pipelines | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Delicious Rank EERE:YearRound-Up fromDepartmentTie Ltd: Scope ChangeL-01-06Hot-Humid- Engine Concepts forTeam |$ $ $BP
Long pulse production from short pulses
A method of producing a long output pulse (SA) from a short pump pulse (P), using an elongated amplified fiber (11) having a doped core (12) that provides an amplifying medium for light of one color when driven into an excited state by light of a shorter wavelength and a surrounding cladding 13. A seed beam (S) of the longer wavelength is injected into the core (12) at one end of the fiber (11) and a pump pulse (P) of the shorter wavelength is injected into the cladding (13) at the other end of the fiber (11). The counter-propagating seed beam (S) and pump pulse (P) will produce an amplified output pulse (SA) having a time duration equal to twice the transit time of the pump pulse (P) through the fiber (11) plus the length of the pump pulse (P).
Toeppen, John S. (Livermore, CA)
A method of producing a long output pulse from a short pump pulse is disclosed, using an elongated amplified fiber having a doped core that provides an amplifying medium for light of one color when driven into an excited state by light of a shorter wavelength and a surrounding cladding. A seed beam of the longer wavelength is injected into the core at one end of the fiber and a pump pulse of the shorter wavelength is injected into the cladding at the other end of the fiber. The counter-propagating seed beam and pump pulse will produce an amplified output pulse having a time duration equal to twice the transit time of the pump pulse through the fiber plus the length of the pump pulse. 3 figs.
Toeppen, J.S.
Nerve-pulse interactions
Some recent experimental and theoretical results on mechanisms through which individual nerve pulses can interact are reviewed. Three modes of interactions are considered: (1) interaction of pulses as they travel along a single fiber which leads to velocity dispersion; (2) propagation of pairs of pulses through a branching region leading to quantum pulse code transformations; and (3) interaction of pulses on parallel fibers through which they may form a pulse assembly. This notion is analogous to Hebb's concept of a cell assembly, but on a lower level of the neural hierarchy.
Scott, A.C.
Optically pulsed electron accelerator
An optically pulsed electron accelerator can be used as an injector for a free electron laser and comprises a pulsed light source, such as a laser, for providing discrete incident light pulses. A photoemissive electron source emits electron bursts having the same duration as the incident light pulses when impinged upon by same. The photoemissive electron source is located on an inside wall of a radiofrequency-powered accelerator cell which accelerates the electron burst emitted by the photoemissive electron source.
Fraser, J.S.; Sheffield, R.L.
High voltage pulse conditioning
Apparatus for conditioning high voltage pulses from particle accelerators in order to shorten the rise times of the pulses. Flashover switches in the cathode stalk of the transmission line hold off conduction for a determinable period of time, reflecting the early portion of the pulses. Diodes upstream of the switches divert energy into the magnetic and electrostatic storage of the capacitance and inductance inherent to the transmission line until the switches close.
Springfield, Ray M. (Sante Fe, NM); Wheat, Jr., Robert M. (Los Alamos, NM)
Critical pulse power components
Critical components for pulsed power conditioning systems will be reviewed. Particular emphasis will be placed on those components requiring significant development efforts. Capacitors, for example, are one of the weakest elements in high-power pulsed systems, especially when operation at high-repetition frequencies for extended periods of time are necessary. Switches are by far the weakest active components of pulse power systems. In particular, opening switches are essentially nonexistent for most applications. Insulaton in all systems and components requires development and improvement. Efforts under way in technology base development of pulse power components will be discussed.
Sarjeant, W.J.; Rohwein, G.J.
Photonic generation of UWB pulses with pulse position modulation
Photonic generation of UWB pulses with pulse position modulation H. Mu and J. Yao A novel photonic approach to generating ultra-wideband (UWB) signals with pulse position modulation (PPM) is proposed delay-line filter for UWB monocycle pulse generation, the second subsystem being a pulse
Yao, Jianping
Pulse pile-up effects
The energy spectrum containing the effects of all orders of pulse pileup is predicted for an idealized x-ray pulse-height-analysis system measuring randomly occurring events. Two simplifying assumptions used are first a fixed pulse resolution time and second that the measured energy of piled-up pulses is the algebraic sum of the energy associated with each pulse.
Tenney, F.H.
Pulsed electrodeposition. Final report
Pulse plating of cobalt-hardened gold alloys increases the cobalt content in the alloy. At lower duty cycles, the electrodeposits become dull. Little change in the microhardness was observed between pulsed and direct current electrodeposits. The TEM and electron diffraction analyses indicated no significant difference in microstructure between pulsed and conventional gold alloy electrodeposits. Pulse plated and conventional nickel deposits have been compared for differences in morphology, mechanical properties, and microstructure. The deposits were obtained from nickel sulfamate, nickel chloride, and Watts nickel plating solutions. No significant differences were found in the direct and pulse current deposits from the sulfamate and chloride solutions; however, significant differences in microstructure, yield strength, and microhardness were observed in deposits from the Watts nickel solution.
Stimetz, C.J.
Chaotic Pulse Trains
We study a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation whose solutions, under certain specific conditions, are individual pulses. These correspond to homoclinic orbits in the phase space of the equation and we study the possible pulse types in some detail. Sufficiently close to the conditions under which a homoclinic orbit exists, the solutions take the form of trains of well-separated pulses. A measure of closeness to homoclinic conditions provides a small parameter for the development of an asymptotic solution consisting of superposed, isolated pulses. The solvability condition in the resulting singular perturbation theory is a {\\its timing map} relating successive pulse spacings. This map of the real line onto itself, together with the known form of the homoclinic orbit, provides a concise and accurate solution of the equation.
N. J. Balmforth; G. R. Ierley; E. A. Spiegel
200-BP-5 operable unit treatability test report
The 200-BP-5 Operable Unit was established in response to recommendations presented in the 200 East Groundwater Aggregate Area Management Study Report (AAMSR) (DOE-RL 1993a). Recognizing different approaches to remediation, the groundwater AAMSR recommended separating groundwater from source and vadose zone operable units and subdividing 200 East Area groundwater into two operable units. The division between the 200-BP-5 and 200-PO-1 Operable Units was based principally on source operable unit boundaries and distribution of groundwater plumes derived from either B Plant or Plutonium/Uranium Extraction (PUREX) Plant liquid waste disposal sites.
Pulse measurement apparatus and method
An embodiment of the invention is directed to a pulse measuring system that measures a characteristic of an input pulse under test, particularly the pulse shape of a single-shot, nano-second duration, high shape-contrast optical or electrical pulse. An exemplary system includes a multi-stage, passive pulse replicator, wherein each successive stage introduces a fixed time delay to the input pulse under test, a repetitively-gated electronic sampling apparatus that acquires the pulse train including an entire waveform of each replica pulse, a processor that temporally aligns the replicated pulses, and an averager that temporally averages the replicated pulses to generate the pulse shape of the pulse under test. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for measuring an optical or an electrical pulse shape. The method includes the steps of passively replicating the pulse under test with a known time delay, temporally stacking the pulses, and temporally averaging the stacked pulses. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for increasing the dynamic range of a pulse measurement by a repetitively-gated electronic sampling device having a rated dynamic range capability, beyond the rated dynamic range of the sampling device; e.g., enhancing the dynamic range of an oscilloscope. The embodied technique can improve the SNR from about 300:1 to 1000:1. A dynamic range enhancement of four to seven bits may be achieved.
Marciante, John R. (Webster, NY); Donaldson, William R. (Pittsford, NY); Roides, Richard G. (Scottsville, NY)
Pulsed-neutron monochromator
In one aspect, the invention is an improved pulsed-neutron monochromator of the vibrated-crystal type. The monochromator is designed to provide neutron pulses which are characterized both by short duration and high density. A row of neutron-reflecting crystals is disposed in a neutron beam to reflect neutrons onto a common target. The crystals in the row define progressively larger neutron-scattering angles and are vibrated sequentially in descending order with respect to the size of their scattering angles, thus generating neutron pulses which arrive simultaneously at the target. Transducers are coupled to one end of the crystals to vibrate them in an essentially non-resonant mode. The transducers propagate transverse waves in the crystal which progress longitudinally therein. The waves are absorbed at the undriven ends of the crystals by damping material mounted thereon. In another aspect, the invention is a method for generating neutron pulses characterized by high intensity and short duration.
Mook, H.A. Jr.
In one aspect, the invention is an improved pulsed-neutron monochromator of the vibrated-crystal type. The monochromator is designed to provide neutron pulses which are characterized both by short duration and high density. A row of neutron-reflecting crystals is disposed in a neutron beam to reflect neutrons onto a common target. The crystals in the row define progressively larger neutron-scattering angles and are vibrated sequentially in descending order with respect to the size of their scattering angles, thus generating neutron pulses which arrive simultaneously at the target. Transducers are coupled to one end of the crystals to vibrate them in an essentially non-resonant mode. The transducers propagate transverse waves in the crystal which progress longitudinally therein. The wave are absorbed at the undriven ends of the crystals by damping material mounted thereon. In another aspect, the invention is a method for generating neutron pulses characterized by high intensity and short duration.
Mook, Jr., Herbert A. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Pulse magnetic welder
A welder is described for automated closure of fuel pins by a pulsed magnetic process in which the open end of a length of cladding is positioned within a complementary tube surrounded by a pulsed magnetic welder. Seals are provided at each end of the tube, which can be evacuated or can receive tag gas for direct introduction to the cladding interior. Loading of magnetic rings and end caps is accomplished automatically in conjunction with the welding steps carried out within the tube.
Christiansen, D.W.; Brown, W.F.
Damning study blames BP oil spill for heart
Damning study blames BP oil spill for heart defects in fish Scientists find evidence of Deepwater also found evidence of potentially lethal heart defects in two species of tuna and one species the effect of noxious compounds. Slower heart rates, fluid accumulation, and arrhythmia The researchers found
Grosell, Martin
BP and Hydrogen Pipelines DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop
BP and Hydrogen Pipelines DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop August 30-31, 2005 Gary P · UK partnership opened the first hydrogen demonstration refueling station · Two hydrogen pipelines l · " i i l i 2 i i ll i i l pl ifi i · 8" ly idl i i l s Hydrogen Pipelines Two nes, on y a brand
Magnetospheric accretion on the T Tauri star BP Tauri
From observations collected with the ESPaDOnS and NARVAL spectropolarimeters, we report the detection of Zeeman signatures on the classical T Tauri star BP Tau. Circular polarisation signatures in photospheric lines and in narrow emission lines tracing magnetospheric accretion are monitored throughout most of the rotation cycle of BP Tau at two different epochs in 2006. We observe that rotational modulation dominates the temporal variations of both unpolarised and circularly polarised spectral proxies tracing the photosphere and the footpoints of accretion funnels. From the complete data sets at each epoch, we reconstruct the large-scale magnetic topology and the location of accretion spots at the surface of BP Tau using tomographic imaging. We find that the field of BP Tau involves a 1.2 kG dipole and 1.6 kG octupole, both slightly tilted with respect to the rotation axis. Accretion spots coincide with the two main magnetic poles at high latitudes and overlap with dark photospheric spots; they cover about 2%...
Donati, J F; Gregory, S G; Petit, P; Paletou, F; Bouvier, J; Dougados, C; M�nard, F; Cameron, A C; Harries, T J; Hussain, G A J; Unruh, Y; Morin, J; Marsden, S C; Manset, N; Auri�re, M; Catala, C; Alecian, E
University Policy No.: BP3400 Classification: Buildings and Properties
University Policy No.: BP3400 Classification: Buildings and Properties POLICY ON EXTERNAL BOOKINGS Change: Mandated Review: 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this policy is to provide guidelines for the making the proposed use is compatible with the mission and policies of the University and does not interfere
Victoria, University of
University Policy No.: BP3200 Classification: Buildings and Properties
University Policy No.: BP3200 Classification: Buildings and Properties POLICY ON THE USE OF VICTORIA CAMPUS Supersedes: Last Editorial Change: Mandated Review: 1. The authority to establish policy: 2.1 fundamental and material policy changes respecting the use of vehicles and parking; and, 2
Brookhaven National Laboratory LIPA Solar RFP and Proposed BP Project
a total of 50MW of power produced by solar photovoltaics..." · LIPA to purchase the energy output for upBrookhaven National Laboratory LIPA Solar RFP and Proposed BP Project Presentation to Community · Siting the Nation's largest photovoltaic solar array at a DOE site underscores our commitment
Homes, Christopher C.
Pulse shaping with transmission lines
A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.
Wilcox, Russell B. (Oakland, CA)
Wilcox, R.B.
Photoconductive circuit element pulse generator
A pulse generator for characterizing semiconductor devices at millimeter wavelength frequencies where a photoconductive circuit element (PCE) is biased by a direct current voltage source and produces short electrical pulses when excited into conductance by short laser light pulses. The electrical pulses are electronically conditioned to improve the frequency related amplitude characteristics of the pulses which thereafter propagate along a transmission line to a device under test.
Rauscher, Christen (Alexandria, VA)
Kolstrup, E. (1980). Climate and stratigraphy in northwestern Europe between 30 000 BP and 13 000 BP, with special reference
in vegetation and climate during the Holocene in the pre-Polar Urals, northeast European Russia. JournalKolstrup, E. (1980). Climate and stratigraphy in northwestern Europe between 30 000 BP and 13 000., Va¨liranta, M., Sarmaja-Korjonen, K., et al. (2003). Palaeoecological evidence of changes
Sheldon, Nathan D.
HydroPulse Drilling
Tempress HydroPulse{trademark} tool increases overbalanced drilling rates by generating intense suction pulses at the drill bit. This report describes the operation of the tool; results of pressure drilling tests, wear tests and downhole drilling tests; and the business case for field applications. The HydroPulse{trademark} tool is designed to operate on weighted drilling mud at conventional flow rates and pressures. Pressure drilling tests confirm that the HydroPulse{trademark} tool provides 33% to 200% increased rate of penetration. Field tests demonstrated conventional rotary and mud motor drilling operations. The tool has been operated continuous for 50 hours on weighted mud in a wear test stand. This level of reliability is the threshold for commercial application. A seismic-while-drilling version of the tool was also developed and tested. This tool was used to demonstrate reverse vertical seismic profiling while drilling an inclined test well with a PDC bit. The primary applications for the HydroPulse{trademark} tool are deep onshore and offshore drilling where rate of penetration drives costs. The application of the seismic tool is vertical seismic profiling-while-drilling and look-ahead seismic imaging while drilling.
J.J. Kolle
Secretary Chu Postpones China Trip to Continue Work on BP Oil...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Postpones China Trip to Continue Work on BP Oil Spill Response Efforts Secretary Chu Postpones China Trip to Continue Work on BP Oil Spill Response Efforts May 21, 2010 - 12:00am...
BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Leak at 4840' - June 3 2010...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
40' - June 3 2010 (1 of 4) BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Leak at 4840' - June 3 2010 (1 of 4) Addthis Description Footage of the BP Oil Spill Duration 0:15...
BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Top Hat Procedure at 4850'...
Top Hat Procedure at 4850' - June 3 2010 (4 of 4) BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Top Hat Procedure at 4850' - June 3 2010 (4 of 4) Addthis Description Footage of the BP Oil...
BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Leak at 4850' - June 3 2010...
2 of 4) BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Leak at 4850' - June 3 2010 (2 of 4) Addthis Description Footage of the BP Oil Spill Duration 0:13...
3 of 4) BP Oil Spill Footage (High Def) - Leak at 4850' - June 3 2010 (3 of 4) Addthis Description Footage of the BP Oil Spill Duration 0:19...
Pulse shaping system
Temporally shaped electrical waveform generation provides electrical waveforms suitable for driving an electro-optic modulator (EOM) which produces temporally shaped optical laser pulses for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The temporally shaped electrical waveform generation is carried out with aperture coupled transmission lines having an input transmission line and an aperture coupled output transmission line, along which input and output pulses propagate in opposite directions. The output electrical waveforms are shaped principally due to the selection of coupling aperture width, in a direction transverse to the lines, which varies along the length of the line. Specific electrical waveforms, which may be high voltage (up to kilovolt range), are produced and applied to the EOM to produce specifically shaped optical laser pulses. 8 figs.
Skeldon, M.D.; Letzring, S.A.
Temporally shaped electrical waveform generation provides electrical waveforms suitable for driving an electro-optic modulator (EOM) which produces temporally shaped optical laser pulses for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research. The temporally shaped electrical waveform generation is carried out with aperture coupled transmission lines having an input transmission line and an aperture coupled output transmission line, along which input and output pulses propagate in opposite directions. The output electrical waveforms are shaped principally due to the selection of coupling aperture width, in a direction transverse to the lines, which varies along the length of the line. Specific electrical waveforms, which may be high voltage (up to kilovolt range), are produced and applied to the EOM to produce specifically shaped optical laser pulses.
Skeldon, Mark D. (Penfield, NY); Letzring, Samuel A. (Jemez Springs, NM)
Pulsed neutron detector
A pulsed neutron detector and system for detecting low intensity fast neutron pulses has a body of beryllium adjacent a body of hydrogenous material the latter of which acts as a beta particle detector, scintillator, and moderator. The fast neutrons (defined as having En>1.5 MeV) react in the beryllium and the hydrogenous material to produce larger numbers of slow neutrons than would be generated in the beryllium itself and which in the beryllium generate hellium-6 which decays and yields beta particles. The beta particles reach the hydrogenous material which scintillates to yield light of intensity related to the number of fast neutrons. A photomultiplier adjacent the hydrogenous material (scintillator) senses the light emission from the scintillator. Utilization means, such as a summing device, sums the pulses from the photo-multiplier for monitoring or other purposes.
Robertson, deceased, J. Craig (late of Albuquerque, NM); Rowland, Mark S. (Livermore, CA)
OF JANUARY 2007 THE REPORT THE BP U.S. REFINERIES INDEPENDENT SAFETY REVIEW PANEL #12;From left;PANEL STATEMENT The B.P. U.S. Refineries Independent Safety Review Panel i Process safety accidents can be prevented. On March 23, 2005, the BP Texas City refinery experienced a catastrophic process accident
Leveson, Nancy
Downhole pulse tube refrigerators
This report summarizes a preliminary design study to explore the plausibility of using pulse tube refrigeration to cool instruments in a hot down-hole environment. The original motivation was to maintain Dave Reagor`s high-temperature superconducting electronics at 75 K, but the study has evolved to include three target design criteria: cooling at 30 C in a 300 C environment, cooling at 75 K in a 50 C environment, cooling at both 75 K and 30 C in a 250 C environment. These specific temperatures were chosen arbitrarily, as representative of what is possible. The primary goals are low cost, reliability, and small package diameter. Pulse-tube refrigeration is a rapidly growing sub-field of cryogenic refrigeration. The pulse tube refrigerator has recently become the simplest, cheapest, most rugged and reliable low-power cryocooler. The authors expect this technology will be applicable downhole because of the ratio of hot to cold temperatures (in absolute units, such as Kelvin) of interest in deep drilling is comparable to the ratios routinely achieved with cryogenic pulse-tube refrigerators.
Swift, G.; Gardner, D. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics Group
Sequentially pulsed traveling wave accelerator
A sequentially pulsed traveling wave compact accelerator having two or more pulse forming lines each with a switch for producing a short acceleration pulse along a short length of a beam tube, and a trigger mechanism for sequentially triggering the switches so that a traveling axial electric field is produced along the beam tube in synchronism with an axially traversing pulsed beam of charged particles to serially impart energy to the particle beam.
Caporaso, George J. (Livermore, CA); Nelson, Scott D. (Patterson, CA); Poole, Brian R. (Tracy, CA)
Downhole pulse radar
A borehole logging tool generates a fast rise-time, short duration, high peak-power radar pulse having broad energy distribution between 30 MHz and 300 MHz through a directional transmitting and receiving antennas having barium titanate in the electromagnetically active region to reduce the wavelength to within an order of magnitude of the diameter of the antenna. Radar returns from geological discontinuities are sampled for transmission uphole. 7 figs.
Chang, Hsi-Tien
Ptychographic ultrafast pulse reconstruction
We demonstrate a new ultrafast pulse reconstruction modality which is somewhat reminiscent of frequency resolved optical gating but uses a modified setup and a conceptually different reconstruction algorithm that is derived from ptychography. Even though it is a second order correlation scheme it shows no time ambiguity. Moreover, the number of spectra to record is considerably smaller than in most other related schemes which, together with a robust algorithm, leads to extremely fast convergence of the reconstruction.
Spangenberg, D; Br�gmann, M H; Feurer, T
Fish exposed to BP oil spill 'swim slower' Study finds the speed of mahi-mahi exposed to BP's Gulf of
of Mexico oil spill has fallen 37pc The 87-day-long spill dumped an estimated 4.9m barrels of oil of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Researchers said they used oil concentrations similar to those measuredFish exposed to BP oil spill 'swim slower' Study finds the speed of mahi-mahi exposed to BP's Gulf
BP money will go to study dolphin, sharks, reefs, beaches A research council has awarded more than $9 million in BP money to 27 projects designed to
BP money will go to study dolphin, sharks, reefs, beaches TBO.com A research council has awarded more than $9 million in BP money to 27 projects designed to measure the Gulf oil disaster's impact on Florida's environment. The money will pay for studies of bottle-nosed dolphin, coral reefs, sharks, water
Belogay, Eugene A.
Petawatt pulsed-power accelerator
A petawatt pulsed-power accelerator can be driven by various types of electrical-pulse generators, including conventional Marx generators and linear-transformer drivers. The pulsed-power accelerator can be configured to drive an electrical load from one- or two-sides. Various types of loads can be driven; for example, the accelerator can be used to drive a high-current z-pinch load. When driven by slow-pulse generators (e.g., conventional Marx generators), the accelerator comprises an oil section comprising at least one pulse-generator level having a plurality of pulse generators; a water section comprising a pulse-forming circuit for each pulse generator and a level of monolithic triplate radial-transmission-line impedance transformers, that have variable impedance profiles, for each pulse-generator level; and a vacuum section comprising triplate magnetically insulated transmission lines that feed an electrical load. When driven by LTD generators or other fast-pulse generators, the need for the pulse-forming circuits in the water section can be eliminated.
Stygar, William A. (Albuquerque, NM); Cuneo, Michael E. (Albuquerque, NM); Headley, Daniel I. (Albuquerque, NM); Ives, Harry C. (Albuquerque, NM); Ives, legal representative; Berry Cottrell (Albuquerque, NM); Leeper, Ramon J. (Albuquerque, NM); Mazarakis, Michael G. (Albuquerque, NM); Olson, Craig L. (Albuquerque, NM); Porter, John L. (Sandia Park, NM); Wagoner; Tim C. (Albuquerque, NM)
High-speed pulse-shape generator, pulse multiplexer
The invention combines arbitrary amplitude high-speed pulses for precision pulse shaping for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The circuitry combines arbitrary height pulses which are generated by replicating scaled versions of a trigger pulse and summing them delayed in time on a pulse line. The combined electrical pulses are connected to an electro-optic modulator which modulates a laser beam. The circuit can also be adapted to combine multiple channels of high speed data into a single train of electrical pulses which generates the optical pulses for very high speed optical communication. The invention has application in laser pulse shaping for inertial confinement fusion, in optical data links for computers, telecommunications, and in laser pulse shaping for atomic excitation studies. The invention can be used to effect at least a 10.times. increase in all fiber communication lines. It allows a greatly increased data transfer rate between high-performance computers. The invention is inexpensive enough to bring high-speed video and data services to homes through a super modem.
Burkhart, Scott C. (Livermore, CA)
Feasibility study report for the 200-BP-1 operable unit
This feasibility study examines a range of alternatives and provides recommendations for selecting a preferred alternative for remediating contamination at the 200-BP-1 operable unit. The 200-BP-1 operable unit is located in the center of the Hanford Site along the northern boundary of the 200 East Area. The 241-BY Tank Farm is located immediately to the south of the operable unit. 200-BP-1 is a source operable unit with contaminated soils associated primarily with nine inactive cribs (known as the 216-B cribs). These cribs were used for disposal of low-level radioactive liquid waste from U Plant uranium recovery operations, and waste storage tank condensate from the adjacent 241-BY Tank Farm. The cribs used for disposal of U Plant waste were in operation from 1955--1965, and the cribs used for disposal of tank condensate were in operation from 1965--1975. In addition to the cribs, four unplanned releases of radioactive materials have occurred within the operable unit. Contaminated surface soils associated with the unplanned releases have been consolidated over the cribs and covered with clean soil to reduce contaminant migration and exposure. Discharge of wastes to the cribs has resulted in soil and groundwater contamination. The groundwater is being addressed as part of the 200 East Aggregate Area, groundwater operable unit. Contaminated soils at the site can be categorized by the types of contaminants, their distribution in the soil column, and the risk posed by the various potential exposure pathways. Below the clean soil cover, the near surface soils contain low-levels of contamination with cesium-137, radium-226, strontium-90, thorium-228, and uranium. The lifetime incremental cancer risk associated with these soils if they were exposed at the surface is 9{times}10{sup {minus}5}.
Not Available
EA-314 BP Energy Company | Department of Energy
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EA-315 BP Energy Company | Department of Energy
Hanford Site - 200-BP-5 | Department of Energy
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BP Gas Power and Renewables | Open Energy Information
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Coiled transmission line pulse generators
Methods and apparatus are provided for fabricating and constructing solid dielectric "Coiled Transmission Line" pulse generators in radial or axial coiled geometries. The pour and cure fabrication process enables a wide variety of geometries and form factors. The volume between the conductors is filled with liquid blends of monomers, polymers, oligomers, and/or cross-linkers and dielectric powders; and then cured to form high field strength and high dielectric constant solid dielectric transmission lines that intrinsically produce ideal rectangular high voltage pulses when charged and switched into matched impedance loads. Voltage levels may be increased by Marx and/or Blumlein principles incorporating spark gap or, preferentially, solid state switches (such as optically triggered thyristors) which produce reliable, high repetition rate operation. Moreover, these Marxed pulse generators can be DC charged and do not require additional pulse forming circuitry, pulse forming lines, transformers, or an a high voltage spark gap output switch. The apparatus accommodates a wide range of voltages, impedances, pulse durations, pulse repetition rates, and duty cycles. The resulting mobile or flight platform friendly cylindrical geometric configuration is much more compact, light-weight, and robust than conventional linear geometries, or pulse generators constructed from conventional components. Installing additional circuitry may accommodate optional pulse shape improvements. The Coiled Transmission Lines can also be connected in parallel to decrease the impedance, or in series to increase the pulse length.
McDonald, Kenneth Fox (Columbia, MO)
Administrator's Final Record of Decision, BP-14 Power and Transmission Rate Proceeding, July 2013, BP-14-A-03
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAbout the Building TechnologiesS1!4T opAddress: ~~.BP-14 Power and
Green Light Pulse Oximeter
A reflectance pulse oximeter that determines oxygen saturation of hemoglobin using two sources of electromagnetic radiation in the green optical region, which provides the maximum reflectance pulsation spectrum. The use of green light allows placement of an oximetry probe at central body sites (e.g., wrist, thigh, abdomen, forehead, scalp, and back). Preferably, the two green light sources alternately emit light at 560 nm and 577 nm, respectively, which gives the biggest difference in hemoglobin extinction coefficients between deoxyhemoglobin, RHb, and oxyhemoglobin, HbO.sub.2.
Scharf, John Edward (Oldsmar, FL)
Pulsed Zeeman spectroscopy
wheel was attached to the wavei( ngth indicator and was used to interrupt the light striking a small photodiode. The output voltage from the photodiode was used to provide calibration points on the recorder. Photomultiplier An Amperex 56UVP... Vertical: 2 mv/cm Horizontal: 5 microseconds/cm 23 Phc tographic Measurements ~A. Ald t p t 1 pbd. db spectra of ruby as in Fig. l. A photodiode with a risetime of four nanoseconds was used to position the magneti. c field pulse in order...
Cullen, Raymond Paul
Bipolar pulse forming line
A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, fourth, and fifth planar conductors which form an interleaved stack with dielectric layers between the conductors. Each conductor has a first end, and a second end adjacent an acceleration axis. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, the fourth and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, and the first and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the first ends via a shorting plate adjacent the first ends. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short a high voltage from the first end of the third planar conductor to the first end of the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.
Rhodes, Mark A. (Pleasanton, CA)
Switching power pulse system
A switching system for delivering pulses of power from a source to a load using a storage capacitor charged through a rectifier, and maintained charged to a reference voltage level by a transistor switch and voltage comparator. A thyristor is triggered to discharge the storage capacitor through a saturable reactor and fractional turn saturable transformer having a secondary to primary turn ratio N of n:l/n = n[sup 2]. The saturable reactor functions as a soaker'' while the thyristor reaches saturation, and then switches to a low impedance state. The saturable transformer functions as a switching transformer with high impedance while a load coupling capacitor charges, and then switches to a low impedance state to dump the charge of the storage capacitor into the load through the coupling capacitor. The transformer is comprised of a multilayer core having two secondary windings tightly wound and connected in parallel to add their output voltage and reduce output inductance, and a number of single turn windings connected in parallel at nodes for the primary winding, each single turn winding linking a different one of the layers of the multilayer core. The load may be comprised of a resistive beampipe for a linear particle accelerator and capacitance of a pulse forming network. To hold off discharge of the capacitance until it is fully charged, a saturable core is provided around the resistive beampipe to isolate the beampipe from the capacitance until it is fully charged. 5 figs.
Aaland, K.
Ultra-short pulse generator
An inexpensive pulse generating circuit is disclosed that generates ultra-short, 200 picosecond, and high voltage 100 kW, pulses suitable for wideband radar and other wideband applications. The circuit implements a nonlinear transmission line with series inductors and variable capacitors coupled to ground made from reverse biased diodes to sharpen and increase the amplitude of a high-voltage power MOSFET driver input pulse until it causes non-destructive transit time breakdown in a final avalanche shock wave diode, which increases and sharpens the pulse even more. 5 figures.
McEwan, T.E.
Low-noise pulse conditioner
A low-noise pulse conditioner is provided for driving electronic digital processing circuitry directly from differentially induced input pulses. The circuit uses a unique differential-to-peak detector circuit to generate a dynamic reference signal proportional to the input peak voltage. The input pulses are compared with the reference signal in an input network which operates in full differential mode with only a passive input filter. This reduces the introduction of circuit-induced noise, or jitter, generated in ground referenced input elements normally used in pulse conditioning circuits, especially speed transducer processing circuits.
Bird, David A. (Oak Ridge, TN)
BP Cherry Point Cogeneration Project, Draft Environmental Impact Statement
BP West Coast Products, LLC (BP or the Applicant) proposes to construct and operate a nominal 720-megawatt (MW), natural-gas-fired, combined-cycle cogeneration facility next to the existing BP Cherry Point Refinery in Whatcom County, Washington. The Applicant also owns and operates the refinery, but the cogeneration facility and the refinery would be operated as separate business units. The cogeneration facility and its ancillary infrastructure would provide steam and 85 MW of electricity to meet the operating needs of the refinery and 635 MW of electrical power for local and regional consumption. The proposed cogeneration facility would be located between Ferndale and Blaine in northwestern Whatcom County, Washington. The Canadian border is approximately 8 miles north of the proposed project site. The Washington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC) has jurisdiction over the evaluation of major energy facilities including the proposed project. As such, EFSEC will recommend approval or denial of the proposed cogeneration facility to the governor of Washington after an environmental review. On June 3, 2002, the Applicant filed an Application for Site Certification (ASC No. 2002-01) with EFSEC in accordance with Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 463-42. On April 22, 2003, the Applicant submitted an amended ASC that included, among other things, a change from air to water cooling. With the submission of the ASC and in accordance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) (WAC 463-47), EFSEC is evaluating the siting of the proposed project and conducting an environmental review with this Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Because the proposed project requires federal agency approvals and permits, this EIS is intended to meet the requirements under both SEPA and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) also will use this EIS as part of their respective decision-making processes associated with the Applicant's request to interconnect to Bonneville's transmission system and proposed location of the project within wetland areas. Therefore, this Draft EIS serves as the environmental review document for SEPA and for NEPA as required by Bonneville for the interconnection and the Corps for its 404 individual permit. The EIS addresses direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of the proposed project, and potential mitigation measures proposed by the Applicant, as well as measures recommended by EFSEC. The information and resulting analysis presented in this Draft EIS are based primarily on information provided by the Applicant in the ASC No. 2002-01 (BP 2002). Where additional information was used to evaluate the potential impacts associated with the proposed action, that information has been referenced. EFSEC's environmental consultant, Shapiro and Associates, Inc., did not perform additional studies during the preparation of this Draft EIS.
Capacitor discharge pulse analysis.
Capacitors used in firing sets and other high discharge current applications are discharge tested to verify performance of the capacitor against the application requirements. Parameters such as capacitance, inductance, rise time, pulse width, peak current and current reversal must be verified to ensure that the capacitor will meet the application needs. This report summarizes an analysis performed on the discharge current data to extract these parameters by fitting a second-order system model to the discharge data and using this fit to determine the resulting performance metrics. Details of the theory and implementation are presented. Using the best-fit second-order system model to extract these metrics results in less sensitivity to noise in the measured data and allows for direct extraction of the total series resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
Baker, Michael Sean; Griffiths, Stewart K.; Tanner, Danelle Mary
Pulsed ion beam source
An improved pulsed ion beam source having a new biasing circuit for the fast magnetic field. This circuit provides for an initial negative bias for the field created by the fast coils in the ion beam source which pre-ionize the gas in the source, ionize the gas and deliver the gas to the proper position in the accelerating gap between the anode and cathode assemblies in the ion beam source. The initial negative bias improves the interaction between the location of the nulls in the composite magnetic field in the ion beam source and the position of the gas for pre-ionization and ionization into the plasma as well as final positioning of the plasma in the accelerating gap. Improvements to the construction of the flux excluders in the anode assembly are also accomplished by fabricating them as layered structures with a high melting point, low conductivity material on the outsides with a high conductivity material in the center.
Greenly, John B. (Lansing, NY)
A switching system for delivering pulses of power from a source (10) to a load (20) using a storage capacitor (C3) charged through a rectifier (D1, D2), and maintained charged to a reference voltage level by a transistor switch (Q1) and voltage comparator (12). A thyristor (22) is triggered to discharge the storage capacitor through a saturable reactor (18) and fractional turn saturable transformer (16) having a secondary to primary turn ratio N of n:l/n=n.sup.2. The saturable reactor (18) functions as a "soaker" while the thyristor reaches saturation, and then switches to a low impedance state. The saturable transformer functions as a switching transformer with high impedance while a load coupling capacitor (C4) charges, and then switches to a low impedance state to dump the charge of the storage capacitor (C3) into the load through the coupling capacitor (C4). The transformer is comprised of a multilayer core (26) having two secondary windings (28, 30) tightly wound and connected in parallel to add their output voltage and reduce output inductance, and a number of single turn windings connected in parallel at nodes (32, 34) for the primary winding, each single turn winding linking a different one of the layers of the multilayer core. The load may be comprised of a resistive beampipe (40) for a linear particle accelerator and capacitance of a pulse forming network (42). To hold off discharge of the capacitance until it is fully charged, a saturable core (44) is provided around the resistive beampipe (40) to isolate the beampipe from the capacitance (42) until it is fully charged.
Aaland, Kristian (Livermore, CA)
Precision digital pulse phase generator
A timing generator comprises a crystal oscillator connected to provide an output reference pulse. A resistor-capacitor combination is connected to provide a variable-delay output pulse from an input connected to the crystal oscillator. A phase monitor is connected to provide duty-cycle representations of the reference and variable-delay output pulse phase. An operational amplifier drives a control voltage to the resistor-capacitor combination according to currents integrated from the phase monitor and injected into summing junctions. A digital-to-analog converter injects a control current into the summing junctions according to an input digital control code. A servo equilibrium results that provides a phase delay of the variable-delay output pulse to the output reference pulse that linearly depends on the input digital control code. 2 figs.
A timing generator comprises a crystal oscillator connected to provide an output reference pulse. A resistor-capacitor combination is connected to provide a variable-delay output pulse from an input connected to the crystal oscillator. A phase monitor is connected to provide duty-cycle representations of the reference and variable-delay output pulse phase. An operational amplifier drives a control voltage to the resistor-capacitor combination according to currents integrated from the phase monitor and injected into summing junctions. A digital-to-analog converter injects a control current into the summing junctions according to an input digital control code. A servo equilibrium results that provides a phase delay of the variable-delay output pulse to the output reference pulse that linearly depends on the input digital control code.
McEwan, Thomas E. (Livermore, CA)
Did BP's oil-dissolving chemical make the spill By Kate Spinner
Did BP's oil-dissolving chemical make the spill worse? By Kate Spinner Published: Monday, May 30, 2011 at 8:47 p.m. BP succeeded in sinking the oil from its blown well out of sight -- and keeping much chemicals. But the impact on the ecosystem as a whole may have been more damaging than the oil alone
BP Texas City accident: weak signais or sheer power? Jean Christophe Le Coze,
BP Texas City accident: weak signais or sheer power? Jean Christophe Le Coze, Research the interprétation of the BP Texas City accident. While bringing a lot of empirical data on a wide range for sensitising the data. It however clearly indicated a référence to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
A realistic coupled nonlinear artificial ECG, BP and respiratory signal generator for assessing noise performance
A realistic coupled nonlinear artificial ECG, BP and respiratory signal generator for assessing differential equations is capable of generating realistic synthetic electrocardiograms (ECGs). Open source code with realistic inter-signal coupling between the respiration, BP and ECG time series. The time-varying surface
McSharry, Patrick E.
Electrodeless short pulse laser
A system is described for the generation of coherent beams of radiation, which consists of: a tube defining a resonant cavity containing a discharge plasma capable of producing coherent radiation, the tube having an elongated shape along an optical axis along the longitudinal axis of the tube, the tube having end portions and an elongated constricted portion connecting the end portions, and the tube having laser windows sealing the end portions to form a closed envelope containing the discharge plasma, a mirror on the optical axis near at least one end of the tube, first and second external electrode means on the outside surfaces of the tube adjacent the opposite ends of the tube, the external electrode means being capacitively coupled to the discharge plasma, and means for providing a source of short pulses electrically to the first external electrode means and means for coupling the second external electrode means to a point of reference potential, further characterized by first and second internal electrode means respectively adjacent the first and second external electrode means and capacitively coupled thereto, the tube having end portions sealed to form a closed envelope containing the discharge plasma and the internal electrode means.
Proud, J.M.; Baird, D.H.; Kramer, J.M.; Lester, J.E.
An improved pulsed ion beam source is disclosed having a new biasing circuit for the fast magnetic field. This circuit provides for an initial negative bias for the field created by the fast coils in the ion beam source which pre-ionize the gas in the source, ionize the gas and deliver the gas to the proper position in the accelerating gap between the anode and cathode assemblies in the ion beam source. The initial negative bias improves the interaction between the location of the nulls in the composite magnetic field in the ion beam source and the position of the gas for pre-ionization and ionization into the plasma as well as final positioning of the plasma in the accelerating gap. Improvements to the construction of the flux excluders in the anode assembly are also accomplished by fabricating them as layered structures with a high melting point, low conductivity material on the outsides with a high conductivity material in the center. 12 figs.
Greenly, J.B.
Hyper dispersion pulse compressor for chirped pulse amplification systems
A grating pulse compressor configuration is introduced for increasing the optical dispersion for a given footprint and to make practical the application for chirped pulse amplification (CPA) to quasi-narrow bandwidth materials, such as Nd:YAG. The grating configurations often use cascaded pairs of gratings to increase angular dispersion an order of magnitude or more. Increased angular dispersion allows for decreased grating separation and a smaller compressor footprint.
Barty, Christopher P. J. (Hayward, CA)
Parens Patriae Litigation to Redress Societal Damages from the BP Oil Spill: The Latest Stage in the Evolution of Crimtorts
BP, BP Forms Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Escrow Trust (Aug. 9,Dispersants Used in Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Clean Up,discharge of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. 257 The Louisiana
Rustad, Michael L.; Koenig, Thomas H.
Dispersants Used in Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Clean Up,BP, BP Forms Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Escrow Trust (Aug. 9,discharge of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. 257 The Louisiana
Prefire identification for pulse power systems
Prefires in a high-power, high-frequency, multi-stage pulse generator are detected by a system having an EMI shielded pulse timing transmitter associated with and tailored to each stage of the pulse generator. Each pulse timing transmitter upon detection of a pulse triggers a laser diode to send an optical signal through a high frequency fiber optic cable to a pulse timing receiver which converts the optical signal to an electrical pulse. The electrical pulses from all pulse timing receivers are fed through an OR circuit to start a time interval measuring device and each electrical pulse is used to stop an individual channel in the measuring device thereby recording the firing sequence of the multi-stage pulse generator.
Longmire, Jerry L. (Los Alamos, NM); Thuot, Michael E. (Espanola, NM); Warren, David S. (Los Alamos, NM)
Prefire identification for pulse-power systems
Longmire, J.L.; Thuot, M.E.; Warren, D.S.
Ultrasonic flowmetering with reflected pulses
A transit time type ultrasonic flowmeter was tested with two different reflected pulse trajectories in flowing air at ambient conditions against an orifice meter. The flowmeter was designed to be highly accurate, to require ...
Hoyle, David C.
BP: Beyond Petroleum? Published by GlobaLens, a division of the William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
BP: Beyond Petroleum? Published by GlobaLens, a division of the William Davidson Institute of British Petroleum (BP). Prior to assuming the position of CEO, Dudley had been in charge of BP's oil spill and production of crude petroleum and the mining and Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Edwards, Paul N.
EURECOM 2229 Route des Crtes BP 193 F-06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex
EURECOM 2229 Route des Crêtes BP 193 F-06904 Sophia Antipolis cedex www.eurecom.fr Spatial, Sophia Antipolis, France http://www.openairinterface.org firstname.lastname@example.com 2. Cognitive Radio
Gesbert, David
Discrete Sampling Test Plan for the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit
The Discrete Groundwater Sampling Project is conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) on behalf of CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company. The project is focused on delivering groundwater samples from proscribed horizons within select groundwater wells residing in the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit (200-BP-5 OU) on the Hanford Site. This document provides the scope, schedule, methodology, and other details of the PNNL discrete sampling effort.
Sweeney, Mark D.
Radial flow pulse jet mixer
The disclosure provides a pulse jet mixing vessel for mixing a plurality of solid particles. The pulse jet mixing vessel is comprised of a sludge basin, a flow surface surrounding the sludge basin, and a downcoming flow annulus between the flow surface and an inner shroud. The pulse jet mixing vessel is additionally comprised of an upper vessel pressurization volume in fluid communication with the downcoming flow annulus, and an inner shroud surge volume separated from the downcoming flow annulus by the inner shroud. When the solid particles are resting on the sludge basin and a fluid such as water is atop the particles and extending into the downcoming flow annulus and the inner shroud surge volume, mixing occurs by pressurization of the upper vessel pressurization volume, generating an inward radial flow over the flow surface and an upwash jet at the center of the sludge basin.
VanOsdol, John G.
Pulse combustor with controllable oscillations
A pulse combustor having thermally induced pulse combustion in a continuously flowing system is described. The pulse combustor is fitted with at lease one elongated ceramic body which significantly increases the heat transfer area in the combustion chamber of the combustor. The ceramic body or bodies possess sufficient mass and heat capacity to ignite the fuel-air charge once the ceramic body or bodies are heated by conventional spark plug initiated combustion so as to provide repetitive ignition and combustion of sequentially introduced fuel-air charges without the assistance of the spark plug and the rapid quenching of the flame after each ignition in a controlled manner so as to provide a selective control over the oscillation frequency and amplitude. Additional control over the heat transfer in the combustion chamber is provided by employing heat exchange mechanisms for selectively heating or cooling the elongated ceramic body or bodies and/or the walls of the combustion chamber.
Richards, George A. (Morgantown, WV); Welter, Michael J. (Columbiana, OH); Morris, Gary J. (Morgantown, WV)
Pulsed electrodeposition of iron-nickel alloys
This paper reports on the effects of dc, pulse, and pulse reverse current waveforms on deposition of Fe-Ni alloys studied in unagitated solutions and with a rotating cylindrical electrode. A nickel sulfamate/ferrous chloride electrolyte system at pH 2 less than 2 A/dm{sup 2}. Pulse reverse plating led to a decrease in anomalous deposition at low current densities. Rotating cylindrical electrodes indicated significant mass transfer effects at high current densities. During pulse reverse plating an increase in anodic pulse magnitude decreased anomalous deposition; pulse frequency had its greatest effect in reducing anomalous deposition between 100 and 300 Hz.
Grimmett, D.L.; Schwartz, M.; Nobe, K. (Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (US))
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Practical Guidelines for Developing BP Neural Network Models of Measurement U...
permission. Practical Guidelines for Developing BP Neural Network Models of Measurement U... Chang-Xue Jack
Smith, Alice E.
Attosecond X-Ray Pulses for Molecular Electronic Dynamics
techniques for ultrafast laser pulse characterization. Thethe ultrafast evolution of the driver pulse intensity, weisolated pulse production will enable probing of ultrafast
Abel, Mark Joseph
Cooperative pulses Technologieangebot /Technology offer
on issues from the national and international research and technology transfer. To market the patentsCooperative pulses Technologieangebot /Technology offer Referenz /Reference 2010-04E04 Branche at the TUM TUM ForTe Forschungsförderung & Technologie- transfer Patent- und Lizenzbüro Arcisstra�?e 2180333
Novette pulse-power-system description
This paper is a summary of the pulse power systems for Novette; the flashlamp power system, the pulsers for the various optical shutters and the pulse power control system.
Gritton, D.G.; Christie, D.J.; Holloway, R.W.; Merritt, B.T.; Oicles, J.A.; Whitham, K.; Wilcox, R.B.
Voltage controlled MESFET pulse shape generator
A programmable pulse shape generator capable of producing pulse shapes for Nova and Beamlet has been designed and simulated using the circuit code SPICE. The design utilizes power MESFETS, which are commonly used in microwave amplifiers. The pulse shape is varied by setting a bias voltage on each in a chain of MESFETS with a 200 ps temporal resolution. The electrical pulse then drives an integrated electro-optic modulator similar to what is on Beamlet. Pulse shapes 22 and 25, used on Nova, have been generated by this design. There is no fundamental barrier to making such a pulse generator for use on the National Ignition Facility. In fact, the longer time scales on the NIF pulse will ease the high speed requirements of the pulse shape generator allowing the use of less expensive components. The next step will be to build a prototype circuit for initial testing on Beamlet and Nova.
Burkhart, S.C.
We simulate ultrashort pulse propagation through water by numerical methods, which is a kind of optical communication research. Ultrashort pulses have been known to have non Beer-Lambert behavior, whereas continuous waves (CW) obey the Beer...
Byeon, Joong-Hyeok
Dispersion compensation in chirped pulse amplification systems
A chirped pulse amplification system includes a laser source providing an input laser pulse along an optical path. The input laser pulse is characterized by a first temporal duration. The system also includes a multi-pass pulse stretcher disposed along the optical path. The multi-pass pulse stretcher includes a first set of mirrors operable to receive input light in a first plane and output light in a second plane parallel to the first plane and a first diffraction grating. The pulse stretcher also includes a second set of mirrors operable to receive light diffracted from the first diffraction grating and a second diffraction grating. The pulse stretcher further includes a reflective element operable to reflect light diffracted from the second diffraction grating. The system further includes an amplifier, a pulse compressor, and a passive dispersion compensator disposed along the optical path.
Bayramian, Andrew James; Molander, William A.
ICE Pulse Oximeter Smart Alarm App Requirements
ICE Pulse Oximeter Smart Alarm App Requirements 6 March 2012 Revision 0 for an Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) pulse oximetry monitoring app that provides.2 References [Purpose: List all ICE standards, and other standards and references
Huth, Michael
CHANDRA X-RAY DETECTION OF THE ENIGMATIC FIELD STAR BP Psc
BP Psc is a remarkable emission-line field star that is orbited by a dusty disk and drives a parsec-scale system of jets. We report the detection by the Chandra X-ray Observatory of a weak X-ray point source coincident with the centroids of optical/IR and submillimeter continuum emission at BP Psc. As the star's photosphere is obscured throughout the visible and near-infrared, the Chandra X-ray source likely represents the first detection of BP Psc itself. The X-rays most likely originate with magnetic activity at BP Psc and hence can be attributed either to a stellar corona or to star-disk interactions. The log of the ratio of X-ray to bolometric luminosity, log(L{sub X} /L{sub bol}), lies in the range -5.8 to -4.2. This is smaller than log(L{sub X} /L{sub bol}) ratios typical of low-mass, pre-main sequence stars, but is well within the log(L{sub X} /L{sub bol}) range observed for rapidly rotating (FK Com-type) G giant stars. Hence, the Chandra results favor an exotic model wherein the disk/jet system of BP Psc is the result of its very recently engulfing a companion star or a giant planet, as the primary star ascended the giant branch.
Kastner, Joel H.; Montez, Rodolfo [Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623 (United States); Rodriguez, David; Zuckerman, B.; Perrin, Marshall D. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States); Grosso, Nicolas [Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, Universite de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l'Universit, F-67000 Strasbourg (France); Forveille, Thierry [Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Universite Joseph Fourier-CNRS, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex (France); Graham, James R., E-mail: email@example.com [Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
Femtosecond pulse imaging: ultrafast optical oscilloscope
Femtosecond pulse imaging: ultrafast optical oscilloscope P. C. Sun, Y. T. Mazurenko,* and Y as well as our ability to detect the shape of the ul- trashort pulses that can be seen as an ultrafast 12, 1996 A nonlinear optical processor that is capable of real-time conversion of a femtosecond pulse
Fainman, Yeshaiahu
High-Pulse-Energy Ultrafast Laser for
High-Pulse-Energy Ultrafast Laser for Spectroscopy & Micromachining PROBLEM THIS TECHNOLOGY SOLVES. In addition to the OPO, a custom designed ultrafast pump source, provides high pulse energy (.res.hw.ac.uk Professor Derryck Reid (Principal Investigator) www.ultrafast.hw.ac.uk BENEFITS & APPLICATIONS: · High pulse
Painter, Kevin
Pulse transmission receiver with higher-order time derivative pulse correlator
Systems and methods for pulse-transmission low-power communication modes are disclosed. A pulse transmission receiver includes: a higher-order time derivative pulse correlator; a demodulation decoder coupled to the higher-order time derivative pulse correlator; a clock coupled to the demodulation decoder; and a pseudorandom polynomial generator coupled to both the higher-order time derivative pulse correlator and the clock. The systems and methods significantly reduce lower-frequency emissions from pulse transmission spread-spectrum communication modes, which reduces potentially harmful interference to existing radio frequency services and users and also simultaneously permit transmission of multiple data bits by utilizing specific pulse shapes.
Dress Jr., William B.; Smith, Stephen F.
Pulsed Power Driven Fusion Energy
Pulsed power is a robust and inexpensive technology for obtaining high powers. Considerable progress has been made on developing light ion beams as a means of transporting this power to inertial fusion capsules. However, further progress is hampered by the lack of an adequate ion source. Alternatively, z-pinches can efficiently convert pulsed power into thermal radiation, which can be used to drive an inertial fusion capsule. However, a z-pinch driven fusion explosion will destroy a portion of the transmission line that delivers the electrical power to the z-pinch. They investigate several options for providing standoff for z-pinch driven fusion. Recyclable Transmission Lines (RTLs) appear to be the most promising approach.
Unsplit bipolar pulse forming line
A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module and system for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, and fourth planar conductors which form a sequentially arranged interleaved stack having opposing first and second ends, with dielectric layers between the conductors. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the first end, and the first and fourth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second end via a shorting plate. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short at the first end a high voltage from the third planar conductor to the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.
Dual amplitude pulse generator for radiation detectors
A pulsing circuit for producing an output signal having a high amplitude pulse and a low amplitude pulse may comprise a current source for providing a high current signal and a low current signal. A gate circuit connected to the current source includes a trigger signal input that is responsive to a first trigger signal and a second trigger signal. The first trigger signal causes the gate circuit to connect the high current signal to a pulse output terminal whereas the second trigger signal causes the gate circuit to connect the low current signal to the pulse output terminal.
Hoggan, Jerry M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Kynaston, Ronnie L. (Blackfoot, ID); Johnson, Larry O. (Island Park, ID)
Ion Acceleration by Short Chirped Laser Pulses
Direct laser acceleration of ions by short frequency-chirped laser pulses is investigated theoretically. We demonstrate that intense beams of ions with a kinetic energy broadening of about 1 % can be generated. The chirping of the laser pulse allows the particles to gain kinetic energies of hundreds of MeVs, which is required for hadron cancer therapy, from pulses of energies of the order of 100 J. It is shown that few-cycle chirped pulses can accelerate ions more efficiently than long ones, i.e. higher ion kinetic energies are reached with the same amount of total electromagnetic pulse energy.
Li, Jian-Xing; Keitel, Christoph H; Harman, Zolt�n
Adaptive control system for pulsed megawatt klystrons
The invention provides an arrangement for reducing waveform errors such as errors in phase or amplitude in output pulses produced by pulsed power output devices such as klystrons by generating an error voltage representing the extent of error still present in the trailing edge of the previous output pulse, using the error voltage to provide a stored control voltage, and applying the stored control voltage to the pulsed power output device to limit the extent of error in the leading edge of the next output pulse.
Bolie, Victor W. (Albuquerque, NM)
Solid state pulsed power generator
A power generator includes one or more full bridge inverter modules coupled to a semiconductor opening switch (SOS) through an inductive resonant branch. Each module includes a plurality of switches that are switched in a fashion causing the one or more full bridge inverter modules to drive the semiconductor opening switch SOS through the resonant circuit to generate pulses to a load connected in parallel with the SOS.
Tao, Fengfeng; Saddoughi, Seyed Gholamali; Herbon, John Thomas
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmosphericNuclear Security Administration the1 - SeptemberMicroneedlesAdvancedJanuary 13, 2011
Climate and environment on the Karelian Isthmus, northwestern Russia, 130009000 cal. yrs BP
Climate and environment on the Karelian Isthmus, northwestern Russia, 130009000 cal. yrs BP DMITRY. I. 2002 (March): Climate and environment on the Karelian Isthmus, northwes- tern Russia, 13000 Russia, were analysed for lithology, pollen and diatom stratigraphy, total organic carbon content
Wohlfarth, Barbara
Heart Defects in Gulf Tuna Seen Tied to 2010 BP Oil Spill
Heart Defects in Gulf Tuna Seen Tied to 2010 BP Oil Spill By Jim Efstathiou Jr. Mar 25, 2014 12 of Mexico spill may have led to heart defects and premature death for tuna, researchers backed hearts may reduce swimming performance, jeopardizing a fish's survival. "The timing and location
Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference C. Seo and B.P. Zeigler
Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference C. Seo and B.P. Zeigler DEVS NAMESPACE FOR INTEROPERABLE DEVS/SOA Chungman Seo Bernard P. Zeigler Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation 2000, Seo 2004, Cheon 2004, Mittal 2007, and Wutzler 2007). These in- frastructures can provide
BP Oil Spill and Air Chemistry Crude oil contains various hydrocarbons
BP Oil Spill and Air Chemistry Crude oil contains various hydrocarbons NOAA and CIRES here at CU went to the oil spill in an aircraft that was equipped with instruments to measure the air quality. 1/3 of the oil dissolved into the water column (methane completely, benzene and ethane almost completely) Showed
Toohey, Darin W.
Contribution of Atmospheric Circulation to Inception of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at 116 kyr BP*
was insufficient for inception at 116 kyr BP. Remote cooling or local feedbacks that amplify the impact. An additional cooling of 4°C together with adjustments for Eemian incident radiation is required for perennial that cooling resulting from modest decreases in local insolation in response to Milankovitch radiation forcing
Howat, Ian M.
CaBP1, a neuronal Ca2+ sensor protein, inhibits
December 3, 2012) Calcium-binding protein 1 (CaBP1) is a neuron-specific member of the calmodulin interaction between a "hot-spot" loop in the suppressor domain (residues 1223) and the InsP3-binding core
Ikura, Mitsuhiko
Did the Toba volcanic eruption of $74 ka B.P. produce widespread glaciation?
that the Toba volcanic eruption, approximately 74 ka B.P., was responsible for the extended cooling period and ice sheet advance immediately following it, but previous climate model simulations, using 100 times a maximum global cooling of 10 K and ModelE runs produced 817 K of cooling within the first years
Robock, Alan
5/7/2010 9:22 AM Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: BP Claims Information
on for subsistence use purposes have been injured, destroyed, or lost by an oil spill incident. Anyone who is the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (OSLTF) and how can it be used? · The OSLTF can provide up to $15/7/2010 9:22 AM Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: BP Claims Information Frequently Asked Questions 1
Disturbance and Recovery of Salt Marsh Arthropod Communities following BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Disturbance and Recovery of Salt Marsh Arthropod Communities following BP Deepwater Horizon Oil of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America Abstract Oil spills represent a major environmental.S. Gulf of Mexico is a hub of oil and gas exploration activities that historically have impacted
Pennings, Steven C.
Seoul National University http://bp.snu.ac.kr The Role of Carbon Incorporation in
O2 · Hydrothermal followed by carbonization at 500°C J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 20504 (2009). J. PhysSeoul National University http://bp.snu.ac.kr The Role of Carbon Incorporation in SnO2 of cracks during cycling Sn-Based Oxide Li Metal Carbon-Coated SnO2 #12;Seoul National University http
Park, Byungwoo
University Policy No: BP3315 POLICY ON UNIVERSITY OF Classification: External Relations
1 University Policy No: BP3315 POLICY ON UNIVERSITY OF Classification: External Relations VICTORIA Editorial Change: Mandated Review: May 27, 2020 PURPOSE 1.00 The purpose of this policy is to establish") as the University's art Museum. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this policy: 2.00 University refers specifically
SH3BP2 is an activator of NFAT activity and osteoclastogenesis
Heterozygous activating mutations in exon 9 of SH3BP2 have been found in most patients with cherubism, an unusual genetic syndrome characterized by excessive remodeling of the mandible and maxilla due to spontaneous and excessive osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoclasts differentiate after binding of sRANKL to RANK induces a number of downstream signaling effects, including activation of the calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway. Here, we have investigated the functional significance of SH3BP2 protein on osteoclastogenesis in the presence of sRANKL. Our results indicate that SH3BP2 both increases nuclear NFATc1 in sRANKL treated RAW 264.7 preosteoclast cells and enhances expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a specific marker of osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of SH3BP2 in RAW 264.7 cells potentiates sRANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of PLC{gamma}1 and 2, thus providing a mechanistic pathway for the rapid translocation of NFATc1 into the nucleus and increased osteoclastogenesis in cherubism.
Lietman, Steven A. [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 (United States); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Yin Lihong [Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 (United States); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195 (United States); Levine, Michael A. [The Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (United States)
National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling THE AMOUNT AND FATE OF THE OIL
- 1 - National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling THE AMOUNT AND FATE OF THE OIL ---Draft--- Staff Working Paper No. 3 Staff Working Papers are written by the staff of the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling for the use of members
Meyers, Steven D.
Chaotic carrier pulse position modulation communication system and method
A chaotic carrier pulse position modulation communication system and method is disclosed. The system includes a transmitter and receiver having matched chaotic pulse regenerators. The chaotic pulse regenerator in the receiver produces a synchronized replica of a chaotic pulse train generated by the regenerator in the transmitter. The pulse train from the transmitter can therefore act as a carrier signal. Data is encoded by the transmitter through selectively altering the interpulse timing between pulses in the chaotic pulse train. The altered pulse train is transmitted as a pulse signal. The receiver can detect whether a particular interpulse interval in the pulse signal has been altered by reference to the synchronized replica it generates, and can therefore detect the data transmitted by the receiver. Preferably, the receiver predicts the earliest moment in time it can expect a next pulse after observation of at least two consecutive pulses. It then decodes the pulse signal beginning at a short time before expected arrival of a pulse.
Abarbanel, Henry D. I. (Del Mar, CA); Larson, Lawrence E. (Del Mar, CA); Rulkov, Nikolai F. (San Diego, CA); Sushchik, Mikhail M. (San Diego, CA); Tsimring, Lev S. (San Diego, CA); Volkovskii, Alexander R. (San Diego, CA)
Two-pulse stimulated echo in magnets
The results of experimental study of two-pulse stimulated echo in ferromagnets of two types are presented. Ferromagnet Co and half-metal Co MnSi 2, in which a single-pulse echo formed by the distortion mechanism of the fronts of exciting pulse is also observed, are classified among the first type. Lithium ferrite and intermetal compound MnSb characterized by the absence of single-pulse echo in them - belong to the second type. For signals of two-pulse stimulated echo in the materials of the first type a short time and a long time of relaxations are observed. The short time is about the order of value shorter less than the spin-spin relaxation time. The long time is close to the transverse relaxation time of single-pulse echo formed by the distortion mechanism. The mechanisms that provide the possible interpretations of the peculiarities of the processes of nuclear magnetic relaxation are discussed.
Zviadadze, M D; Gegechkori, T O; Akhalkatsi, A M; Gavasheli, T A
Phase 1 remedial investigation report for 200-BP-1 operable unit. Volume 1
The US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site, in Washington State is organized into numerically designated operational areas including the 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 1100 Areas. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in November 1989 included the 200 Areas of the Hanford Site on the National Priority List (NPL) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). Inclusion on the NPL initiated the remedial investigation (RD process for the 200-BP-1 operable unit. These efforts are being addressed through the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Ecology et al. 1989) which was negotiated and approved by the DOE, the EPA, and the State of Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) in May 1989. This agreement, known as the Tri-Party Agreement, governs all CERCLA efforts at Hanford. In March of 1990, the Department of Energy, Richland Operations (DOE-RL) issued a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) work plan (DOE-RL 1990a) for the 200-BP-1 operable unit. The work plan initiated the first phase of site characterization activities associated with the 200-BP-1 operable unit. The purpose of the 200-BP-1 operable unit RI is to gather and develop the necessary information to adequately understand the risks to human health and the environment posed by the site and to support the development and analysis of remedial alternatives during the FS. The RI analysis will, in turn, be used by Tri-Party Agreement signatories to make a risk-management-based selection of remedies for the releases of hazardous substances that have occurred from the 200-BP-1 operable unit.
Pulsed source ion implantation apparatus and method
A new pulsed plasma-immersion ion-implantation apparatus that implants ions in large irregularly shaped objects to controllable depth without overheating the target, minimizing voltage breakdown, and using a constant electrical bias applied to the target. Instead of pulsing the voltage applied to the target, the plasma source, for example a tungsten filament or a RF antenna, is pulsed. Both electrically conducting and insulating targets can be implanted.
Leung, Ka-Ngo (Hercules, CA)
Non steady impingement heat transfer is measured. Impingement heating consumes 130 T-BTU/Yr in paper drying, but is only 25% thermally efficient. Pulse impingement is experimentally shown to enhance heat transfer by 2.8, and may deliver thermal efficiencies near 85%. Experimental results uncovered heat transfer deviations from steady theory and from previous investigators, indicating the need for further study and a better theoretical framework. The pulse burner is described, and its roll in pulse impingement is analyzed.
Robert States
A new pulsed plasma-immersion ion-implantation apparatus that implants ions in large irregularly shaped objects to controllable depth without overheating the target, minimizing voltage breakdown, and using a constant electrical bias applied to the target. Instead of pulsing the voltage applied to the target, the plasma source, for example a tungsten filament or a RF antenna, is pulsed. Both electrically conducting and insulating targets can be implanted. 16 figs.
Leung, K.N.
bia-pulse | netl.doe.gov
4 Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage Clean Coal Power Initiative Power Plant Improvement Initiative Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program FutureGen Pulse Combustor Design...
Analytical Data Report for Sediment Samples Collected From 200 BP 5 OU, C7514 (299-E28-30) L-Well
This an analytical data report for samples received from BP-5 L Well. This report is being prepared for CHPRC.
Lindberg, Michael J.
Analytical Data Report for Sediment Samples Collected From 200 BP 5 OU, C5860 (299-E29-545) K-Well
This is an analytical data report for sediments received fro BP 5 K Well. This report is prepared for CHPRC
Broadband low-dispersion diffraction of femtosecond pulses
with that of a 100-fs pulse, which is ap- proximately 10 nm (or 5 THz) at 800 nm. The large bandwidths of ultrafast-bit-rate communications.12 Pulse shaping and control of ultrafast pulses are of interest not only from the practical point for femtosecond pulse shaping and ultrafast pulse switch- ing. Bandgap engineered broadband semiconductor MQW
Purdue University
Laser system using ultra-short laser pulses
A laser system using ultrashort laser pulses is provided. In another aspect of the present invention, the system includes a laser, pulse shaper and detection device. A further aspect of the present invention employs a femtosecond laser and binary pulse shaping (BPS). Still another aspect of the present invention uses a laser beam pulse, a pulse shaper and a SHG crystal.
Dantus, Marcos (Okemos, MI); Lozovoy, Vadim V. (Okemos, MI); Comstock, Matthew (Milford, MI)
High reliability low jitter pulse generator
A method and concomitant apparatus for generating pulses comprising providing a laser light source, disposing a voltage electrode between ground electrodes, generating laser sparks using the laser light source via laser spark gaps between the voltage electrode and the ground electrodes, and outputting pulses via one or more insulated ground connectors connected to the voltage electrode.
Savage, Mark E.; Stoltzfus, Brian S.
Heart Physiology Lab Part 1: Pulse Rate
Heart Physiology Lab Part 1: Pulse Rate Measure your pulse in each of the following conditions (in in the class. You may use Table 1 in the Heart Physiology Worksheet for this, if you wish. Once you have all of the class averages for each measurement. You may use Graph 1 in the Heart Physiology Worksheet for this
Loughry, Jim
Stably operating pulse combustor and method
A pulse combustor apparatus adapted to burn either a liquid fuel or a pulverized solid fuel within a preselected volume of the combustion chamber. The combustion process is substantially restricted to an optimum combustion zone in order to attain effective pulse combustion operation.
Zinn, Ben T. (Atlanta, GA); Reiner, David (Haifa, IL)
Coherence as ultrashort pulse train generator
Intense, well-controlled regular light pulse trains start to play a crucial role in many fields of physics. We theoretically demonstrate a very simple and robust technique for generating such periodic ultrashort pulses from a continuous probe wave which propagates in a dispersive thermal gas media.
Gevorg Muradyan; Mariam Hovhannisyan
Harmonic generation with temporally focused ultrashort pulses
Harmonic generation with temporally focused ultrashort pulses Dan Oron and Yaron Silberberg of harmonic generation with temporally focused ultrashort pulses are explored both theoreti- cally and experimentally. Analyzing the phase-matching conditions for harmonic generation we find a corre- spondence
Silberberg, Yaron
Please Post to USGS Web Site Per BWs RequestlFw: Flow Rate Group Provides Preliminary Best Estimate Of Oil Flowing from BP Oil Wen
Of Oil Flowing from BP Oil Wen Clarice E Ransom to: Barbara W Wainman, 8. Arlene Compher 05127 Provides Preliminary Best Estimate Of Oil Flowing from BP Oil Well "Tsai, Brian" Estimate Of Oil Flowing from BP Oil Well USGS Director Dr. Marcia McNutt today announced that the National
Fleskes, Joe
Infrared pulse characterization using four-wave mixing inside a few cycle pulse filament in air
We demonstrate a four-wave mixing (FWM) technique to measure near- and mid-infrared (IR) laser pulse shapes in time domain. Few cycle 800?nm laser pulses were synchronized with the IR pulse and focused colinearly to generate a plasma filament in air. Second harmonic radiation around 400?nm was generated through FWM, with a yield proportional to the IR pulse intensity. Excellent signal to noise ratio was observed from 2.1??m to 18??m. With proper phase stabilization of the IR beam, this technique is a promising step toward direct electric field sensing of near-IR pulses in air.
Marceau, Claude, E-mail: email@example.com; Thomas, Steven; Kassimi, Yacine; Gingras, Guillaume; Witzel, Bernd [Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Pavillon d'optique-photonique Qu�bec (Qu�bec), Universit� Laval, Qu�bec G1V 0A6 (Canada)
Digital gate pulse generator for cycloconverter control
The present invention provides a digital gate pulse generator which controls the output of a cycloconverter used for electrical power conversion applications by determining the timing and delivery of the firing pulses to the switching devices in the cycloconverter. Previous gate pulse generators have been built with largely analog or discrete digital circuitry which require many precision components and periodic adjustment. The gate pulse generator of the present invention utilizes digital techniques and a predetermined series of values to develop the necessary timing signals for firing the switching device. Each timing signal is compared with a reference signal to determine the exact firing time. The present invention is significantly more compact than previous gate pulse generators, responds quickly to changes in the output demand and requires only one precision component and no adjustments.
Klein, Frederick F. (Monroeville, PA); Mutone, Gioacchino A. (Pleasant Hills, PA)
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192-beam laser fusion driver operating at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NIF relies on three large-scale pulsed power systems to achieve its goals: the Power Conditioning Unit (PCU), which provides flashlamp excitation for the laser's injection system; the Power Conditioning System (PCS), which provides the multi-megajoule pulsed excitation required to drive flashlamps in the laser's optical amplifiers; and the Plasma Electrode Pockels Cell (PEPC), which enables NIF to take advantage of a fourpass main amplifier. Years of production, installation, and commissioning of the three NIF pulsed power systems are now complete. Seven-day-per-week operation of the laser has commenced, with the three pulsed power systems providing routine support of laser operations. We present the details of the status and operational experience associated with the three systems along with a projection of the future for NIF pulsed power.
Arnold, P A; James, G F; Petersen, D E; Pendleton, D L; McHale, G B; Barbosa, F; Runtal, A S; Stratton, P L
Ultrafast Pulse Shaping Approaches to Quantum Computing
Quantum computing exploits the quantum-mechanical nature of matter to exist in multiple possible states simultaneously. This new approach promises to revolutionize the present form of computing. As an approach to quantum computing, we discuss ultrafast laser pulse shaping, in particular, the acousto-optic modulator based Fourier-Transform pulse-shaper, which has the ability to modulate tunable high power ultrafast laser pulses. We show that optical pulse shaping is an attractive route to quantum computing since shaped pulses can be transmitted over optical hardware and the same infrastructure can be used for computation and optical information transfer. We also address the problem of extending coherence-times for optically induced processes.
Debabrata Goswami
BP-5 Remedial Investigation Slug-Test Characterization Results for Well 699-52-55A
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted slug-test characterization at the final, completed BP-5 Remedial Investigation well 699-52-55A near the 200-East Area at the Hanford Site on April 22, 2008. The slug-test characterization was in support of the BP-5 Remedial Investigation. The portion of the unconfined aquifer tested is composed of sediments of the lower Ringold Formation and the underlying Elephant Mountain basalt flowtop. The basalt flowtop unit was included as part of the effective test-interval length for the slug-test analysis because the flowtop unit is hydraulically communicative with the unconfined aquifer. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity for the effective test-interval length represent composite values for the lower Ringold Formation and the underlying Elephant Mountain basalt flow top.
Newcomer, Darrell R.
Ultrafast optical pulse shaping: A tutorial review Andrew M. Weiner
Ultrafast optical pulse shaping: A tutorial review Andrew M. Weiner Purdue University, School 2011 Keywords: Ultrafast optics Pulse shaping Femtosecond optics Coherent control Optical signal programmable reshapingof ultrafast pulses, or generation of arbitrary optical waveforms, according to user
Stabilized Ultrafast Pulse Generation and Optical Frequency Combs Techniques
Stabilized Ultrafast Pulse Generation and Optical Frequency Combs Techniques and Applications Diodes Review Ultrafast Dynamics Breathing Mode (Dispersion Managed Cavity) · High Pulse Energy to Make Short Pulses - Review Ultrafast Dynamics- - Dispersion Managed (Breathing Mode) MLL #12
Van Stryland, Eric
Information processing with longitudinal spectral decomposition of ultrashort pulses
decomposition of ultrafast pulses,� Appl. Opt. , doc. IDdecomposition of ultrafast pulses,� Appl. Opt. 47, A21-A31 (decomposition of ultrafast pulses,� Appl. Opt. 47, A21-A31 (
Saperstein, Robert Elliot
Shocks and a Giant Planet in the Disk Orbiting BP Piscium?
Spitzer IRS spectroscopy supports the interpretation that BP Piscium, a gas and dust enshrouded star residing at high Galactic latitude, is a first-ascent giant rather than a classical T Tauri star. Our analysis suggests that BP Piscium's spectral energy distribution can be modeled as a disk with a gap that is opened by a giant planet. Modeling the rich mid-infrared emission line spectrum indicates that the solid-state emitting grains orbiting BP Piscium are primarily composed of ~75 K crystalline, magnesium-rich olivine; ~75 K crystalline, magnesium-rich pyroxene; ~200 K amorphous, magnesium-rich pyroxene; and ~200 K annealed silica ('cristobalite'). These dust grains are all sub-micron sized. The giant planet and gap model also naturally explains the location and mineralogy of the small dust grains in the disk. Disk shocks that result from disk-planet interaction generate the highly crystalline dust which is subsequently blown out of the disk mid-plane and into the disk atmosphere.
Melis, C; Chen, C H; Rhee, Joseph H; Song, Inseok; Zuckerman, B
Magnetism in Herbig Ae/Be stars and the link to the Ap/Bp stars
Among the A/B stars, about 5% host large-scale organised magnetic fields. These magnetic stars show also abundance anomalies in their spectra, and are therefore called the magnetic Ap/Bp stars. Most of these stars are also slow rotators compared to the normal A and B stars. Today, one of the greatest challenges concerning the Ap/Bp stars is to understand the origin of their slow rotation and their magnetic fields. The favoured hypothesis for the latter is that the fields are fosils, which implies that the magnetic fields subsist throughout the different evolutionary phases, and in particular during the pre-main sequence phase. The existence of magnetic fields at the pre-main sequence phase is also required to explain the slow rotation of Ap/Bp stars. During the last 3 years we performed a spectropolarimetric survey of the Herbig Ae/Be stars in the field and in young clusters, in order to investigate their magnetism and rotation. These investigations have resulted in the detection and/or confirmation of magnet...
Alecian, E; Wade, G A; Bagnulo, S; B�hm, T; Bouret, J -C; Donati, J -F; Folsom, C; Grunhut, J; Landstreet, J D; Marsden, S C; Petit, P; Ram�rez, J; Silvester, J
Pilot-scale treatability test plan for the 200-BP-5 operable unit
This document presents the treatability test plan for pilot-scale pump and treat testing at the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit. This treatability test plan has been prepared in response to an agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the State of Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology), as documented in Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement, Ecology et al. 1989a) Change Control Form M-13-93-03 (Ecology et al. 1994) and a recent 200 NPL Agreement Change Control Form (Appendix A). The agreement also requires that, following completion of the activities described in this test plan, a 200-BP-5 Operable Unit Interim Remedial Measure (IRM) Proposed Plan be developed for use in preparing an Interim Action Record of Decision (ROD). The IRM Proposed Plan will be supported by the results of this treatability test plan, as well as by other 200-BP-5 Operable Unit activities (e.g., development of a qualitative risk assessment). Once issued, the Interim Action ROD will specify the interim action(s) for groundwater contamination at the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit. The treatability test approach is to conduct a pilot-scale pump and treat test for each of the two contaminant plumes associated with the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit. Primary contaminants of concern are {sup 99}Tc and {sup 60}Co for underwater affected by past discharges to the 216-BY Cribs, and {sup 90}Sr, {sup 239/240}Pu, and Cs for groundwater affected by past discharges to the 216-B-5 Reverse Well. The purpose of the pilot-scale treatability testing presented in this testplan is to provide the data basis for preparing an IRM Proposed Plan. To achieve this objective, treatability testing must: Assess the performance of groundwater pumping with respect to the ability to extract a significant amount of the primary contaminant mass present in the two contaminant plumes.
Applications of pulsed EPR spectroscopy to structural studies...
pulsed EPR spectroscopy to structural studies of sulfite oxidizing enzymes. Applications of pulsed EPR spectroscopy to structural studies of sulfite oxidizing enzymes. Abstract:...
What comes next? : employment opportunities for Vietnamese American fisherfolk affected by the BP gulf oil spill in Louisiana
This thesis explores potential employment opportunities in energy efficiency construction and aquaculture for Vietnamese American fisherfolk significantly impacted by the BP oil spill in Louisiana. First, the thesis explains ...
Dang, Mai T. (Mai Thuy Tran)
in the context of private actions should be viewed as actingby BP; and (3) private class actions certified for diverseGCCF, and class action lawsuits than "private crimtorts."
at 17, Dr. Seymour Stricker v. BP PLC, No. 3:10cv229 (N.D.hereinafter Complaint of Dr. Stricker]. 5. Complaint at 3,Switzerland." Complaint of Dr. Stricker, supra note 4, at 3.
System for generating shaped optical pulses and measuring optical pulses using spectral beam deflection (SBD)
A temporally shaped or modified optical output pulse is generated from a bandwidth-encoded optical input pulse in a system in which the input pulse is in the form of a beam which is spectrally spread into components contained within the bandwidth, followed by deflection of the spectrally spread beam (SBD) thereby spatially mapping the components in correspondence with the temporal input pulse profile in the focal plane of a lens, and by spatially selective attenuation of selected components in that focal plane. The shaped or modified optical output pulse is then reconstructed from the attenuated spectral components. The pulse-shaping system is particularly useful for generating optical pulses of selected temporal shape over a wide range of pulse duration, such pulses finding application in the fields of optical communication, optical recording and data storage, atomic and molecular spectroscopy and laser fusion. An optical streak camera is also provided which uses SBD to display the beam intensity in the focal plane as a function of time during the input pulse.
Skupsky, Stanley (Rochester, NY); Kessler, Terrance J. (Rochester, NY); Letzring, Samuel A. (Honeoye Falls, NY)
A temporally shaped or modified optical output pulse is generated from a bandwidth-encoded optical input pulse in a system in which the input pulse is in the form of a beam which is spectrally spread into components contained within the bandwidth, followed by deflection of the spectrally spread beam (SBD) thereby spatially mapping the components in correspondence with the temporal input pulse profile in the focal plane of a lens, and by spatially selective attenuation of selected components in that focal plane. The shaped or modified optical output pulse is then reconstructed from the attenuated spectral components. The pulse-shaping system is particularly useful for generating optical pulses of selected temporal shape over a wide range of pulse duration, such pulses finding application in the fields of optical communication, optical recording and data storage, atomic and molecular spectroscopy and laser fusion. An optical streak camera is also provided which uses SBD to display the beam intensity in the focal plane as a function of time during the input pulse. 10 figures.
Skupsky, S.; Kessler, T.J.; Letzring, S.A.
Apparatus and method for optical pulse measurement
Practical third-order frequency-resolved optical grating (FROG) techniques for characterization of ultrashort optical pulses are disclosed. The techniques are particularly suited to the measurement of single and/or weak optical pulses having pulse durations in the picosecond and subpicosecond regime. The relative quantum inefficiency of third-order nonlinear optical effects is compensated for through i) use of phase-matched transient grating beam geometry to maximize interaction length, and ii) use of interface-enhanced third-harmonic generation.
Trebino, Rick P. (Livermore, CA); Tsang, Thomas (Brooklyn, NY); Fittinghoff, David N. (San Diego, CA); Sweetser, John N. (Livermore, CA); Krumbuegel, Marco A. (Danville, CA)
Nox reduction system utilizing pulsed hydrocarbon injection
Hydrocarbon co-reductants, such as diesel fuel, are added by pulsed injection to internal combustion engine exhaust to reduce exhaust NO.sub.x to N.sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst. Exhaust NO.sub.x reduction of at least 50% in the emissions is achieved with the addition of less than 5% fuel as a source of the hydrocarbon co-reductants. By means of pulsing the hydrocarbon flow, the amount of pulsed hydrocarbon vapor (itself a pollutant) can be minimized relative to the amount of NO.sub.x species removed.
Brusasco, Raymond M. (Livermore, CA); Penetrante, Bernardino M. (San Ramon, CA); Vogtlin, George E. (Fremont, CA); Merritt, Bernard T. (Livermore, CA)
Predicting non-isometric fatigue induced by electrical stimulation pulse trains as a function of pulse duration
electrical stimulation pulse trains as a function of pulseelectrical stimulation pulse trains as a function of pulsestimulation parameters (train duration, interpulse interval,
Marion, M Susan; Wexler, Anthony S; Hull, Maury L
Single mode pulsed dye laser oscillator
A single mode pulsed dye laser oscillator is disclosed. The dye laser oscillator provides for improved power efficiency by reducing the physical dimensions of the overall laser cavity, which improves frequency selection capability.
Hackel, Richard P. (Livermore, CA)
A single mode pulsed dye laser oscillator is disclosed. The dye laser oscillator provides for improved power efficiency by reducing the physical dimensions of the overall laser cavity, which improves frequency selection capability. 6 figs.
Hackel, R.P.
Ultrafast Optical Pulses: Synthesis and Applications
This dissertation is devoted to ultrafast waveform synthesis using coherent Raman sidebands with the assistance of pulse shapers based on acousto-optic programmable dispersive ?lter (AOPDF) or deformable mirror (DM). Ultrashort optical science has...
Wang, Kai
Pulse Pressure Forming of Lightweight Materials, Development...
Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting, June 7-11, 2010 -- Washington D.C. lm015smith2010o.pdf More Documents & Publications Pulse-Pressure Forming of Lightweight Metals...
Electromagnetic or other directed energy pulse launcher
The physical realization of new solutions of wave propagation equations, such as Maxwell's equations and the scaler wave equation, produces localized pulses of wave energy such as electromagnetic or acoustic energy which propagate over long distances without divergence. The pulses are produced by driving each element of an array of radiating sources with a particular drive function so that the resultant localized packet of energy closely approximates the exact solutions and behaves the same.
Ziolkowski, Richard W. (Livermore, CA)
Detection of Tones and Pulses using a Large, Uncalibrated Array S.W. Ellingson
]; and wide- band pulses associated with (for example) gamma ray bursts [2] and intermittent "giant pulses
Ellingson, Steven W.
Note: Emittance measurements of intense pulsed proton beam for different pulse length and repetition rate
The high intensity ion source (SILHI), in operation at CEA-Saclay, has been used to produce a 90 mA pulsed proton beam with pulse length and repetition rates suitable for the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac. Typical r-r{sup '} rms normalized emittance values smaller than 0.2{pi} mm mrad have been measured for operation in pulsed mode (0.01 < duty cycle < 0.15 and 1 ms < pulse duration < 10 ms) that are relevant for the design update of the Linac to be used at the ESS in Lund.
Miracoli, R. [ESS Bilbao, Vizcaya (Spain); INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania (Italy); Gammino, S.; Celona, L.; Mascali, D. [INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania (Italy); Castro, G. [INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania (Italy); Universita degli studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, V. S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania (Italy); Gobin, R.; Delferriere, O.; Adroit, G.; Senee, F. [CEA-IRFU, Gif sur Yvette Cedex (France); Ciavola, G. [INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania (Italy); CNAO, Str. Pr. Campeggi, Pavia (Italy)
Tunable pulsed narrow bandwidth light source
A tunable pulsed narrow bandwidth light source and a method of operating a light source are provided. The light source includes a pump laser, first and second non-linear optical crystals, a tunable filter, and light pulse directing optics. The method includes the steps of operating the pump laser to generate a pulsed pump beam characterized by a nanosecond pulse duration and arranging the light pulse directing optics so as to (i) split the pulsed pump beam into primary and secondary pump beams; (ii) direct the primary pump beam through an input face of the first non-linear optical crystal such that a primary output beam exits from an output face of the first non-linear optical crystal; (iii) direct the primary output beam through the tunable filter to generate a sculpted seed beam; and direct the sculpted seed beam and the secondary pump beam through an input face of the second non-linear optical crystal such that a secondary output beam characterized by at least one spectral bandwidth on the order of about 0.1 cm.sup.-1 and below exits from an output face of the second non-linear optical crystal.
Powers, Peter E. (Dayton, OH); Kulp, Thomas J. (Livermore, CA)
Pulse width modulation inverter with battery charger
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin .theta., where .theta. is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120.degree. at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a "flyback" DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery.
Slicker, James M. (Union Lake, MI)
Feasibility study report for the 200-BP-1 operable unit. Revision 1
This feasibility study (FS) examines a range of alternatives and provides recommendations for selecting a preferred altemative for remediating contamination at the 200-BP-1 operable unit. The 200-BP-1 operable unit is located in the center of the Hanford Site along the northern boundary of the 200 East Area. The 241-BY Tank Farm is located immediately to the south of the operable unit. 200-BP-1 is a source operable unit with contaminated soils associated primarily with nine inactive cribs (known as the 216-B cribs). These cribs were used for disposal of low-level radioactive liquid waste from U Plant uranium recovery operations, and waste storage tank condensate from the adjacent 241-BY Tank Farm. The cribs used for disposal of U Plant waste were in operation from 1955--1965, and the cribs used for disposal of tank condensate were in operation from 1965-1975. In addition to the cribs, four unplanned releases of radioactive materials have occurred within the operable unit. Contaminated surface soils associated with the unplanned releases have been consolidated over the cribs and covered with clean soil to reduce contaminant migration and exposure. Discharge of wastes to the cribs has resulted in soil and groundwater contamination. The groundwater is being addressed as part of the 200 East Aggregate Area groundwater operable unit. Contaminated soils at the site can be categorized by the types of contaminants, their distribution in the soil column, and the risk posed by the various potential exposure pathways. Below the clean soil cover, the near surface soils contain low-:levels of contamination with cesium-137, radium-226, strontium-90, thorium-228 and uranium. The lifetime incremental cancer risk associated with these soils if they were exposed at the surface is 9 {times} 10{sup 5}.
Pulse combustion: an assessment of opportunities for increased efficiency
The results of a literature review on pulse combustion are discussed. Current, near-future, and potential opportunities for pulse combustion applications are summarized, and the barriers to developing and using pulse combustion technology are discussed, along with research and development needs. Also provided are the proceedings of a pulse combustion workshop held in May, 1984 in Seattle, Washington. (LEW)
Brenchley, D.L.; Bomelburg, H.J.
Microsoft PowerPoint - BP 2030 Outlook (EIA conference Apr 2011).ppt
Annual Energy Outlook 2013 [U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul(Summary) " ,"ClickPipelines AboutDecember 2005 (Thousand9,0,Information Administration390 2.387NASEO 2006/07Summer8BP
Microsoft PowerPoint - BP-16 RHWM Workshop October 3 2014 [Compatibility Mode]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: VegetationEquipment Surfaces andMapping theEnergyInnovationMichaelGE1PlanARM A. Gannet505BP EnergyOctober
Pulse transmission transceiver architecture for low power communications
Systems and methods for pulse-transmission low-power communication modes are disclosed. A method of pulse transmission communications includes: generating a modulated pulse signal waveform; transforming said modulated pulse signal waveform into at least one higher-order derivative waveform; and transmitting said at least one higher-order derivative waveform as an emitted pulse. The systems and methods significantly reduce lower-frequency emissions from pulse transmission spread-spectrum communication modes, which reduces potentially harmful interference to existing radio frequency services and users and also simultaneously permit transmission of multiple data bits by utilizing specific pulse shapes.
Injection locked oscillator system for pulsed metal vapor lasers
An injection locked oscillator system for pulsed metal vapor lasers is disclosed. The invention includes the combination of a seeding oscillator with an injection locked oscillator (ILO) for improving the quality, particularly the intensity, of an output laser beam pulse. The present invention includes means for matching the first seeder laser pulses from the seeding oscillator to second laser pulses of a metal vapor laser to improve the quality, and particularly the intensity, of the output laser beam pulse.
Warner, Bruce E. (Livermore, CA); Ault, Earl R. (Dublin, CA)
Pulse transmission receiver with higher-order time derivative pulse generator
Systems and methods for pulse-transmission low-power communication modes are disclosed. A pulse transmission receiver includes: a front-end amplification/processing circuit; a synchronization circuit coupled to the front-end amplification/processing circuit; a clock coupled to the synchronization circuit; a trigger signal generator coupled to the clock; and at least one higher-order time derivative pulse generator coupled to the trigger signal generator. The systems and methods significantly reduce lower-frequency emissions from pulse transmission spread-spectrum communication modes, which reduces potentially harmful interference to existing radio frequency services and users and also simultaneously permit transmission of multiple data bits by utilizing specific pulse shapes.
High rate pulse processing algorithms for microcalorimeters
It has been demonstrated that microcalorimeter spectrometers based on superconducting transition-edge-sensor can readily achieve sub-100 eV energy resolution near 100 keV. However, the active volume of a single microcalorimeter has to be small to maintain good energy resolution, and pulse decay times are normally in the order of milliseconds due to slow thermal relaxation. Consequently, spectrometers are typically built with an array of microcalorimeters to increase detection efficiency and count rate. Large arrays, however, require as much pulse processing as possible to be performed at the front end of the readout electronics to avoid transferring large amounts of waveform data to a host computer for processing. In this paper, they present digital filtering algorithms for processing microcalorimeter pulses in real time at high count rates. The goal for these algorithms, which are being implemented in the readout electronics that they are also currently developing, is to achieve sufficiently good energy resolution for most applications while being (a) simple enough to be implemented in the readout electronics and (b) capable of processing overlapping pulses and thus achieving much higher output count rates than the rates that existing algorithms are currently achieving. Details of these algorithms are presented, and their performance was compared to that of the 'optimal filter' that is the dominant pulse processing algorithm in the cryogenic-detector community.
Rabin, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hoover, Andrew S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Bacrania, Mnesh K [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tan, Hui [XIA-LLC; Breus, Dimitry [XIA-LLC; Henning, Wolfgang [XIA-LLC; Sabourov, Konstantin [XIA-LLC; Collins, Jeff [XAI-LLC; Warburton, William K [XIA-LLC; Dorise, Bertrand [NIST; Ullom, Joel N [NIST; [NON LANL
Thyristor stack for pulsed inductive plasma generation
A thyristor stack for pulsed inductive plasma generation has been developed and tested. The stack design includes a free wheeling diode assembly for current reversal. Triggering of the device is achieved by a high side biased, self supplied gate driver unit using gating energy derived from a local snubber network. The structure guarantees a hard firing gate pulse for the required high dI/dt application. A single fiber optic command is needed to achieve a simultaneous turn on of the thyristors. The stack assembly is used for switching a series resonant circuit with a ringing frequency of 30 kHz. In the prototype pulsed power system described here an inductive discharge has been generated with a pulse duration of 120 {mu}s and a pulse energy of 50 J. A maximum power transfer efficiency of 84% and a peak power of 480 kW inside the discharge were achieved. System tests were performed with a purely inductive load and an inductively generated plasma acting as a load through transformer action at a voltage level of 4.1 kV, a peak current of 5 kA, and a current switching rate of 1 kA/{mu}s.
Teske, C.; Jacoby, J.; Schweizer, W.; Wiechula, J. [Plasmaphysics Group, Institute of Applied Physics, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
Role of laser pre-pulse wavelength and inter-pulse delay on signal enhancement in collinear double-pulse laser-induced
used in laser-produced plasma (LPP) for x-ray [20,21] and EUV emission enhancement [22,23]. The DP applications in the fields of microscopy, lithography and x-ray laser. Compared to single-pulse LIBS, DPLIBSRole of laser pre-pulse wavelength and inter-pulse delay on signal enhancement in collinear double
Harilal, S. S.
Schwinger Pair Production in Pulsed Electric Fields
We numerically investigate the temporal behavior and the structure of longitudinal momentum spectrum and the field polarity effect on pair production in pulsed electric fields in scalar quantum electrodynamics (QED). Using the evolution operator expressed in terms of the particle and antiparticle operators, we find the exact quantum states under the influence of electric pulses and measure the number of pairs of the Minkowski particle and antiparticle. The number of pairs, depending on the configuration of electric pulses, exhibits rich structures in the longitudinal momentum spectrum and undergoes diverse dynamical behaviors at the onset of the interaction but always either converges to a momentum-dependent constant or oscillates around a momentum-dependent time average after the completion of fields.
Sang Pyo Kim; Hyung Won Lee; Remo Ruffini
A Self-Biasing Pulsed Depressed Collector
Depressed collectors have been utilized successfully for many years to improve the electrical efficiency of vacuum electron devices. Increasingly, pulsed, high-peak power accelerator applications are placing a premium on electrical efficiency. As RF systems are responsible for a large percentage of the overall energy usage at accelerator laboratories, methods to improve upon the state-of-the-art in pulsed high-power sources are desired. This paper presents a technique for self-biasing the stages in a multistage depressed collector. With this technique, the energy lost during the rise and fall times of the pulse can be recovered, separate power supplies are not needed, and existing modulators can be retrofitted. Calculations show that significant cost savings can be realized with the implementation of this device in high-power systems. In this paper, the technique is described along with experimental demonstration. (auth)
Kemp, Mark A.; Jensen, Aaron; Neilson, Jeff; /SLAC
Drop shaping by laser-pulse impact
We study the hydrodynamic response of a falling drop hit by a laser pulse. Combining high-speed with stroboscopic imaging we report that a millimeter-sized dyed water drop hit by a milli-Joule nanosecond laser-pulse deforms and propels forward at several meters per second, until it eventually fragments. We show that the drop motion results from the recoil momentum imparted at the drop surface by water vaporization. We measure the propulsion speed and the time-deformation law of the drop, complemented by boundary integral simulations. We explain the drop propulsion and shaping in terms of the laser pulse energy and drop surface tension. These findings are crucial for the generation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light in lithography machines.
Klein, Alexander L; Visser, Claas Willem; Lhuissier, Henri; Sun, Chao; Snoeijer, Jacco H; Villermaux, Emmanuel; Lohse, Detlef; Gelderblom, Hanneke
Pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed combustion. Final report
ThermoChem, under contract to the Department of Energy, conducted extensive research, development and demonstration work on a Pulsed Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (PAFBC) to confirm that advanced technology can meet these performance objectives. The ThermoChem/MTCI PAFBC system integrates a pulse combustor with an atmospheric bubbling-bed type fluidized bed combustor (BFBC) In this modular configuration, the pulse combustor burns the fuel fines (typically less than 30 sieve or 600 microns) and the fluidized bed combusts the coarse fuel particles. Since the ThermoChem/MTCI PAFBC employs both the pulse combustor and the AFBC technologies, it can handle the full-size range of coarse and fines. The oscillating flow field in the pulse combustor provides for high interphase and intraparticle mass transfer rates. Therefore, the fuel fines essentially burn under kinetic control. Due to the reasonably high temperature (>1093 C but less than the temperature for ash fusion to prevent slagging), combustion of fuel fines is substantially complete at the exit of the pulse combustor. The additional residence time of 1 to 2 seconds in the freeboard of the PAFBC unit then ensures high carbon conversion and, in turn, high combustion efficiency. A laboratory unit was successfully designed, constructed and tested for over 600 hours to confirm that the PAFBC technology could meet the performance objectives. Subsequently, a 50,000 lb/hr PAFBC demonstration steam boiler was designed, constructed and tested at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina. This Final Report presents the detailed results of this extensive and successful PAFBC research, development and demonstration project.
Dispersion compensation for attosecond electron pulses
We propose a device to compensate for the dispersion of attosecond electron pulses. The device uses only static electric and magnetic fields and therefore does not require synchronization to the pulsed electron source. Analogous to the well-known optical dispersion compensator, an electron dispersion compensator separates paths by energy in space. Magnetic fields are used as the dispersing element, while a Wien filter is used for compensation of the electron arrival times. We analyze a device with a size of centimeters, which can be applied to ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy, and fundamental studies.
Hansen, Peter; Baumgarten, Cory; Batelaan, Herman; Centurion, Martin [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (United States)
Device for generation of pulsed corona discharge
The invention is a method and system for the generation of high voltage, pulsed, periodic corona discharges capable of being used in the presence of conductive liquid droplets. The method and system can be used, for example, in different devices for cleaning of gaseous or liquid media using pulsed corona discharge. Specially designed electrodes and an inductor increase the efficiency of the system, permit the plasma chemical oxidation of detrimental impurities, and increase the range of stable discharge operations in the presence of droplets of water or other conductive liquids in the discharge chamber.
Gutsol, Alexander F. (San Ramon, CA); Fridman, Alexander (Marlton, NJ); Blank, Kenneth (Philadelphia, PA); Korobtsev, Sergey (Moscow, RU); Shiryaevsky, Valery (Moscow, RU); Medvedev, Dmitry (Moscow, RU)
An 8-GW long-pulse generator based on Tesla transformer and pulse forming network
A long-pulse generator TPG700L based on a Tesla transformer and a series pulse forming network (PFN) is constructed to generate intense electron beams for the purpose of high power microwave (HPM) generation. The TPG700L mainly consists of a 12-stage PFN, a built-in Tesla transformer in a pulse forming line, a three-electrode gas switch, a transmission line with a trigger, and a load. The Tesla transformer and the compact PFN are the key technologies for the development of the TPG700L. This generator can output electrical pulses with a width as long as 200 ns at a level of 8 GW and a repetition rate of 50 Hz. When used to drive a relative backward wave oscillator for HPM generation, the electrical pulse width is about 100 ns on a voltage level of 520 kV. Factors affecting the pulse waveform of the TPG700L are also discussed. At present, the TPG700L performs well for long-pulse HPM generation in our laboratory.
Su, Jiancang; Zhang, Xibo; Li, Rui; Zhao, Liang, E-mail: email@example.com; Sun, Xu; Wang, Limin; Zeng, Bo; Cheng, Jie; Wang, Ying; Peng, Jianchang; Song, Xiaoxin [Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710024 (China)
Reaching Grid Parity Using BP Solar Crystalline Silicon Technology: A Systems Class Application
The primary target market for this program was the residential and commercial PV markets, drawing on BP Solar's premium product and service offerings, brand and marketing strength, and unique routes to market. These two markets were chosen because: (1) in 2005 they represented more than 50% of the overall US PV market; (2) they are the two markets that will likely meet grid parity first; and (3) they are the two market segments in which product development can lead to the added value necessary to generate market growth before reaching grid parity. Federal investment in this program resulted in substantial progress toward the DOE TPP target, providing significant advancements in the following areas: (1) Lower component costs particularly the modules and inverters. (2) Increased availability and lower cost of silicon feedstock. (3) Product specifically developed for residential and commercial applications. (4) Reducing the cost of installation through optimization of the products. (5) Increased value of electricity in mid-term to drive volume increases, via the green grid technology. (6) Large scale manufacture of PV products in the US, generating increased US employment in manufacturing and installation. To achieve these goals BP Solar assembled a team that included suppliers of critical materials, automated equipment developers/manufacturers, inverter and other BOS manufacturers, a utility company, and University research groups. The program addressed all aspects of the crystalline silicon PV business from raw materials (particularly silicon feedstock) through installation of the system on the customers site. By involving the material and equipment vendors, we ensured that supplies of silicon feedstock and other PV specific materials like encapsulation materials (EVA and cover glass) will be available in the quantities required to meet the DOE goals of 5 to 10 GW of installed US PV by 2015 and at the prices necessary for PV systems to reach grid parity in 2015. This final technical report highlights the accomplishments of the BP Solar technical team from 2006 to the end of the project in February 2010. All the main contributors and team members are recognized for this accomplishment and their endeavors are recorded in the twelve main tasks described here.
Cunningham, Daniel W; Wohlgemuth, John; Carlson, David E; Clark, Roger F; Gleaton, Mark; Posbic, John P; Zahler, James
Phase Modulator Programming to Get Flat Pulses with Desired Length and Power from the CTF3 Pulse Compressors
The pulse compressor is located after the klystron to increase the power peak by storing the energy at the beginning and releasing it near the end of klystron output pulse. In the CTF3 pulse compressors a doubling of the peak power is achieved according to our needs and the machine parameters. The magnitude of peak power, pulse length and flatness can be controlled by using a phase modulator for the input signal of klystrons. A C++ code is written to simulate the pulse compressor behaviour according to the klystron output pulse power. By manually changing the related parameters in the code for the best match, the quality factor and the filling time of pulse compressor cavities can be determined. This code also calculates and sends the suitable phase to the phase modulator according to the klystron output pulse power and the desired pulse length and peak power
Shaker, Seyd Hamed; Skowronski, Piotr; Syratchev, Igor; Tecker, Frank
Screening of Potential Remediation Methods for the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit at the Hanford Site
A screening-level evaluation of potential remediation methods for application to the contaminants of concern (COC) in the 200-BP-5 Operable Unit at the Hanford Site was conducted based on the methods outlined in the Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies under CERCLA Interim Final (EPA 1988). The scope of this screening was to identify the most promising remediation methods for use in the more detailed analysis of remediation alternatives that will be conducted as part of the full feasibility study. The screening evaluation was conducted for the primary COC (potential major risk drivers) identified in the groundwater sampling and analysis plan for the operable unit (DOE/RL-2001-49, Rev. 1) with additions.
Truex, Michael J.; Dresel, P. EVAN; Nimmons, Michael J.; Johnson, Christian D.
Optimization of pulsed-DEER measurements for Gd-based labels...
Optimization of pulsed-DEER measurements for Gd-based labels: choice of operational frequencies, pulse durations and positions, Optimization of pulsed-DEER measurements for...
E-Print Network 3.0 - atmospheric pressure pulsed Sample Search...
see the needle jump with the pulse 1. Record the pressure measured... by the sphygmomanometer between pulses. 2. Record the amount the pressure changes during a pulse. 3....
Pressure wave charged repetitively pulsed gas laser
A repetitively pulsed gas laser in which a system of mechanical shutters bracketing the laser cavity manipulate pressure waves resulting from residual energy in the cavity gas following a lasing event so as to draw fresh gas into the cavity and effectively pump spent gas in a dynamic closed loop.
Kulkarny, Vijay A. (Redondo Beach, CA)
Pulse thermal energy transport/storage system
A pulse-thermal pump having a novel fluid flow wherein heat admitted to a closed system raises the pressure in a closed evaporator chamber while another interconnected evaporator chamber remains open. This creates a large pressure differential, and at a predetermined pressure the closed evaporator is opened and the opened evaporator is closed. This difference in pressure initiates fluid flow in the system.
Weislogel, Mark M. (23133 Switzer Rd., Brookpark, OH 44142)
Series-counterpulse repetitive-pulse inductive storage circuit
A high-power series-counterpulse repetitive-pulse inductive energy storage and transfer circuit includes an opening switch, a main energy storage coil, and a counterpulse capacitor. The local pulse is initiated simultaneously with the initiation of the counterpulse used to turn the opening switch off. There is no delay from command to output pulse. During the load pulse, the counterpulse capacitor is automatically charged with sufficient energy to accomplish the load counterpulse which terminates the load pulse and turns the load switch off. When the main opening switch is reclosed to terminate the load pulse, the counterpulse capacitor discharges through the load, causing a rapid, sharp cutoff of the load pulse as well as recovering any energy remaining in the load inductance. The counterpulse capacitor is recharged to its original condition by the main energy storage coil after the load pulse is over, not before it begins.
Honig, E.M.
IBEX - a pulsed power accelerator that generates no prepulse
Intense relativistic electron beams are produced in vacuum diodes driven by pulsed power accelerators. For pulse widths approx. 100 nsec, pulse forming lines (PPL) are used to generate the accelerating voltage pulse. This pulse is produced by sequential switching of stored energy through two or more stages. Capacitance and/or inductive coupling usually results in the generation of a low level prepulse voltage some time during the switching sequence. This prepulse is known to have a substantial effect on the performance of the vacuum diode during the main accelerating pulse. Most accelerators use various schemes for reducing this prepulse to acceptable levels. The Isolated Blumlein PPL concept was developed at Sandia to allow for the generation of the main accelerating pulse without generating a prepulse voltage. This concept was implemented into the IBEX accelerator that generates a 4 MV, 100 kA, 20 nsec output pulse. Design and performance data are presented.
Ramirez, J.J.; Corley, J.P.; Mazarakis, M.G.
Controlling electron injection in laser plasma accelerators using multiple pulses
Use of counter-propagating pulses to control electron injection in laser-plasma accelerators promises to be an important ingredient in the development of stable devices. We discuss the colliding pulse scheme and associated diagnostics.
Matlis, N. H.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Plateau, G. R.; Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C.; Bruhwiler, D.; Cormier-Michel, E.; Chen, M.; Yu, L.; Leemans, W. P. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Tech-X Corporation, 5621 Arapahoe Ave, Suite A, Boulder CO 80303 (United States); Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States) and University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
Photon statistics of atomic fluorescence after {pi}-pulse excitation
The photon statistics of atomic fluorescence after {pi}-pulse excitation is investigated in a system in which the input and output ports are connected to an atom. Since spontaneous decay during input pulse excitation occurs, the output pulse generally contains a multiphoton component with a certain probability. We quantitatively evaluate the probability of the output pulse containing multiple photons and determine the conditions for ideal single-photon generation.
Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi [College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 (Japan); Koshino, Kazuki [College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827 (Japan); PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan)
Green Bank Telescope Studies of Giant Pulses from Millisecond Pulsars
We have conducted a search for giant pulses from four millisecond pulsars using the 100m Green Bank Telescope. Coherently dedispersed time-series from PSR J0218+4232 were found to contain giant pulses of very short intrinsic duration whose energies follow power-law statistics. The giant pulses are in phase with the two minima of the radio integrated pulse profile but are phase aligned with the peaks of the X-ray profile. Historically, individual pulses more than 10-20 times the mean pulse energy have been deemed to be ``giant pulses''. As only 4 of the 155 pulses had energies greater than 10 times the mean pulse-energy, we argue the emission mechanism responsible for giant pulses should instead be defined through: (a) intrinsic timescales of microsecond or nanosecond duration; (b) power-law energy statistics; and (c) emission occurring in narrow phase-windows coincident with the phase windows of non-thermal X-ray emission. Four short-duration pulses with giant-pulse characteristics were also observed from PSR B1957+20. As the inferred magnetic fields at the light cylinders of the millisecond pulsars that emit giant pulses are all very high, this parameter has previously been considered to be an indicator of giant pulse emissivity. However, the frequency of giant pulse emission from PSR~B1957+20 is significantly lower than for other millisecond pulsars that have similar magnetic fields at their light cylinders. This suggests that the inferred magnetic field at the light cylinder is a poor indicator of the rate of emission of giant pulses.
H. S. Knight; M. Bailes; R. N. Manchester; S. M. Ord; B. A. Jacoby
Generating 24-Hour ECG, BP and Respiratory Signals with Realistic Linear and Nonlinear Clinical Characteristics Using a Nonlinear Model
Generating 24-Hour ECG, BP and Respiratory Signals with Realistic Linear and Nonlinear Clinical, London School of Economics, London, UK Abstract A nonlinear model for generating lifelike human ECG it to three ordinary differential equations, the model generates a 24-hour ECG signal. Using both standard
Properties of water surface discharge at different pulse repetition rates
The properties of water surface discharge plasma for variety of pulse repetition rates are investigated. A magnetic pulse compression (MPC) pulsed power modulator able to deliver pulse repetition rates up to 1000?Hz, with 0.5?J per pulse energy output at 25?kV, was used as the pulsed power source. Positive pulse with a point-to-plane electrode configuration was used for the experiments. The concentration and production yield of hydrogen peroxide (H{sub 2}O{sub 2}) were quantitatively measured and orange II organic dye was treated, to evaluate the chemical properties of the discharge reactor. Experimental results show that the physical and chemical properties of water surface discharge are not influenced by pulse repetition rate, very different from those observed for under water discharge. The production yield of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} and degradation rate per pulse of the dye did not significantly vary at different pulse repetition rates under a constant discharge mode on water surface. In addition, the solution temperature, pH, and conductivity for both water surface and underwater discharge reactors were measured to compare their plasma properties for different pulse repetition rates. The results confirm that surface discharge can be employed at high pulse repetition rates as a reliable and advantageous method for industrial and environmental decontamination applications.
Ruma,; Yoshihara, K. [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan); Hosseini, S. H. R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Sakugawa, T.; Akiyama, H. [Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan); Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan); Akiyama, M. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065 (Japan); Luke�, P. [Institute of Plasma Physics, AS CR, Prague, Prague 18200 (Czech Republic)
Transportable automated ammonia sensor based on a pulsed thermoelectrically cooled
Transportable automated ammonia sensor based on a pulsed thermoelectrically cooled quantum single-frequency, thermoelectrically cooled, pulsed quantum-cascade laser with an embedded distributed absorption spectroscopy with a pulsed QC DFB laser was reported in Ref. 3, where wavelength modulation
Information processing with longitudinal spectral decomposition of ultrafast pulses
Information processing with longitudinal spectral decomposition of ultrafast pulses Robert E of waveforms depending on whether their frequency response is or is not known a priori. Ultrafast pulses prove synthesis and detection relying on longitudinal spectral decomposition of subpicosecond optical pulses
Broadband laser cooling of trapped atoms with ultrafast pulses
Broadband laser cooling of trapped atoms with ultrafast pulses B. B. Blinov,* R. N. Kohn, Jr., M. J ions in an rf trap using ultrafast pulses from a mode-locked laser. The temperature of a single ion On the other hand, an ultrafast laser whose pulse is a few picoseconds long will naturally have a bandwidth
Blinov, Boris
Origins of Pulsing Regime in Cocurrent Packed-Bed Flows
, 6, and 8 mm using an air-water flow. By measuring the flow distance until pulses are observedOrigins of Pulsing Regime in Cocurrent Packed-Bed Flows B.A. Wilhite+ , B. Blackwell+ , J. Kacmar of the formation for cocurrent downflow pulse flow was studied experimentally in a packed-bed of inert spheres of 3
McCready, Mark J.
E-Print Network 3.0 - angle rf pulses Sample Search Results
pulse operating on M: RFx pulse operating on FZ: RF pulses K-Space Scheffler 1999: PDF... " cos() 2 sin2 ( 2) 1st 1st RF pulse 12;E. Wong, BE278, UCSD Winter 2011...
Combining attosecond XUV pulses with coincidence spectroscopy
Here we present a successful combination of an attosecond beamline with a COLTRIMS apparatus, which we refer to as AttoCOLTRIMS. The setup provides either single attosecond pulses or attosecond pulse trains for extreme ultraviolet-infrared pump-probe experiments. We achieve full attosecond stability by using an active interferometer stabilization. The capability of the setup is demonstrated by means of two measurements, which lie at the heart of the COLTRIMS detector: firstly, we resolve the rotating electric field vector of an elliptically polarized few-cycle infrared laser field by attosecond streaking exploiting the access to the 3D momentum space of the charged particles. Secondly, we show streaking measurements on different atomic species obtained simultaneously in a single measurement making use of the advantage of measuring ions and electrons in coincidence. Both of these studies demonstrate the potential of the AttoCOLTRIMS for attosecond science.
Sabbar, M., E-mail: email@example.com; Heuser, S.; Boge, R.; Lucchini, M.; Cirelli, C.; Keller, U. [Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland); Gallmann, L. [Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland); Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern (Switzerland)
Optically controlled delays for broadband pulses
susceptibility is given by #4;#1;#1;#5;p#2; #12; ? #6;#7;#8;p #5; #5;2 . #1;7#2; Therefore, at a position z, the delayed probe pulse is given by p#1;t,z#2; = p0 exp ? #1;t ? z/vg#2;22T2 , #1;8#2; where the group velocity of the optical pulse is vg#12... Security Agency, and the Army Research Office. #3;1#4; T. Kamiya, F. Saito, O. Wada, and H. Yajima, Femtosecond Technology #1;Springer, Berlin, 1999#2;. #3;2#4; S. E. Harris and L. V. Hau, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 #1;1999#2;; P. C. Ku, C. J. Chang...
Sun, Q. Q.; Rostovtsev, Y. V.; Dowling, J. P.; Scully, Marlan O.; Zubairy, M. Suhail
Global synchronization of parallel processors using clock pulse width modulation
A circuit generates a global clock signal with a pulse width modification to synchronize processors in a parallel computing system. The circuit may include a hardware module and a clock splitter. The hardware module may generate a clock signal and performs a pulse width modification on the clock signal. The pulse width modification changes a pulse width within a clock period in the clock signal. The clock splitter may distribute the pulse width modified clock signal to a plurality of processors in the parallel computing system.
Chen, Dong; Ellavsky, Matthew R.; Franke, Ross L.; Gara, Alan; Gooding, Thomas M.; Haring, Rudolf A.; Jeanson, Mark J.; Kopcsay, Gerard V.; Liebsch, Thomas A.; Littrell, Daniel; Ohmacht, Martin; Reed, Don D.; Schenck, Brandon E.; Swetz, Richard A.
Pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed combustor apparatus
A pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed reactor system is disclosed and claimed along with a process for utilization of same for the combustion of, e.g. high sulfur content coal. The system affords a economical, ecologically acceptable alternative to oil and gas fired combustors. The apparatus may also be employed for endothermic reaction, combustion of waste products, e.g., organic and medical waste, drying materials, heating air, calcining and the like.
Mansour, Momtaz N. (Columbia, MD)
International magnetic pulse compression workshop: (Proceedings)
A few individuals have tried to broaden the understanding of specific and salient pulsed-power topics. One such attempt is this documentation of a workshop on magnetic switching as it applies primarily to pulse compression (power transformation), affording a truly international perspective by its participants under the initiative and leadership of Hugh Kirbie and Mark Newton of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and supported by other interested organizations. During the course of the Workshop at Granlibakken, a great deal of information was amassed and a keen insight into both the problems and opportunities as to the use of this switching approach was developed. The segmented workshop format proved ideal for identifying key aspects affecting optimum performance in a variety of applications. Individual groups of experts addressed network and system modeling, magnetic materials, power conditioning, core cooling and dielectrics, and finally circuits and application. At the end, they came together to consolidate their input and formulate the workshop's conclusions, identifying roadblocks or suggesting research projects, particularly as they apply to magnetic switching's trump card--its high-average-power-handling capability (at least on a burst-mode basis). The workshop was especially productive both in the quality and quantity of information transfer in an environment conducive to a free and open exchange of ideas. We will not delve into the organization proper of this meeting, rather we wish to commend to the interested reader this volume, which provides the definitive and most up-to-date compilation on the subject of magnetic pulse compression from underlying principles to current state of the art as well as the prognosis for the future of magnetic pulse compression as a consensus of the workshop's organizers and participants.
Kirbie, H.C.; Newton, M.A.; Siemens, P.D.
Laser cooling with ultrafast pulse trains
We propose a new laser cooling method for atomic species whose level structure makes traditional laser cooling difficult. For instance, laser cooling of hydrogen requires vacuum-ultraviolet laser light, while multielectron atoms need laser light at many widely separated frequencies. These restrictions can be eased by laser cooling on two-photon transitions with ultrafast pulse trains. Laser cooling of hydrogen, antihydrogen, and carbon appears feasible, and extension of the technique to molecules may be possible.
David Kielpinski
Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee Report
In 1993, the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA, PL 103-62) was enacted. GPRA, which applies to all federal programs, has three components: strategic plans, annual performance plans, and metrics to show how well annual plans are being followed. As part of meeting the GRPA requirement in FY2000, a 14-member external peer review panel (the Garwin Committee) was convened on May 17-19, 2000 to review Sandia National Laboratories' Pulsed Power Programs as a component of the Performance Appraisal Process negotiated with the Department of Energy (DOE). The scope of the review included activities in inertial confinement fission (ICF), weapon physics, development of radiation sources for weapons effects simulation, x-ray radiography, basic research in high energy density physics (HEDP), and pulsed power technology research and development. In his charge to the committee, Jeffrey Quintenz, Director of Pulsed Power Sciences (1600) asked that the review be based on four criteria (1) quality of science, technology, and engineering, (2) programmatic performance, management, and planning, (3) relevance to national needs and agency missions, and (4) performance in the operation and construction of major research facilities. In addition, specific programmatic questions were posed by the director and by the DOE-Defense Programs (DP). The accompanying report, produced as a SAND document, is the report of the committee's findings.
Pulsed-electron-beam melting of Fe
Pulsed (50 nsec) electron beams with deposited energies of 1.1 to 2.3 J/cm/sup 2/ have been used to rapidly melt a surface layer of Fe. Calculations show that this range of energies produces melt depths from 0.4 to 1.2 ..mu..m and melt times of 100 to 500 nsec. Optical microscopy and SEM of pulse treated polycrystalline foils show slip traces, as well as a general smoothing of surface features which shows that melting has occurred. TEM shows that the resolidified material is bcc, and that the material within a grain is epitaxial with the substrate. TEM also shows slip traces along (110) planes, as well as a high density of dislocations, both extended and loop. At the highest energy, subgrain boundaries are observed. Some samples were implanted with 1 x 10/sup 16/ Sn/cm/sup 2/ at 150 keV. After pulse treatment, the Sn depth profile was observed to have broadened, consistent with liquid phase diffusion. The Sn had the unexpected effect of suppressing slip at the sample surface.
Knapp, J.A.; Follstaedt, D.M.
Oscillating plasma bubbles. II. Pulsed experiments
Time-dependent phenomena have been investigated in plasma bubbles which are created by inserting spherical grids into an ambient plasma and letting electrons and ions form a plasma of different parameters than the ambient one. There are no plasma sources inside the bubble. The grid bias controls the particle flux. There are sheaths on both sides of the grid, each of which passes particle flows in both directions. The inner sheath or plasma potential develops self consistently to establish charge neutrality and divergence free charge and mass flows. When the electron supply is restricted, the inner sheath exhibits oscillations near the ion plasma frequency. When all electrons are excluded, a virtual anode forms on the inside sheath, reflects all ions such that the bubble is empty. By pulsing the ambient plasma, the lifetime of the bubble plasma has been measured. In an afterglow, plasma electrons are trapped inside the bubble and the bubble decays as slow as the ambient plasma. Pulsing the grid voltage yields the time scale for filling and emptying the bubble. Probes have been shown to modify the plasma potential. Using pulsed probes, transient ringing on the time scale of ion transit times through the bubble has been observed. The start of sheath oscillations has been investigated. The instability mechanism has been qualitatively explained. The dependence of the oscillation frequency on electrons in the sheath has been clarified.
Stenzel, R. L.; Urrutia, J. M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547 (United States)
Improvement of the Temporal Contrast of High-Power Laser Pulses
high gain8 pass amplifier ultrafast pulse cleaner 107 preamplifierJ ultrafast pulse cleaner ASE for pulse amplification. In our laser system, we insert the preamplifier and ultrafast pulse cleaner before for optimizing the performance of the ultrafast pulse cleaner. After passing through the pulse cleaner, the high
Discovery of the pre-main sequence progenitors of the magnetic Ap/Bp stars?
We report the discovery, using FORS1 at the ESO-VLT and ESPaDOnS at the CFHT, of magnetic fields in the young A-type stars HD 101412, V380 Ori and HD 72106A. Two of these stars (HD 101412 and V380 Ori) are pre-main sequence Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars, while one (HD 72106A) is physically associated with a HAeBe star. Remarkably, evidence of surface abundance spots is detected in the spectra of HD 72106A. The magnetic fields of these objects display intensities of order 1 kG at the photospheric level, are ordered on global scales, and appear in approximately 10% of the stars studied. Based on these properties, the detected stars may well represent pre-main sequence progenitors of the magnetic Ap/Bp stars. The low masses inferred for these objects (2.6, 2.8 and 2.4 solar masses) represent additional contradictions to the hypothesis of Hubrig et al. (2000), who claim that magnetic fields appear in intermediate-mass stars only after 30% of their main sequence evolution is complete. Finally, we fail to confirm clai...
Wade, G A; Bagnulo, S; Landstreet, J D; Mason, E; Silvester, J; Alecian, E; B�hm, T; Bouret, J C; Catala, C; Donati, J F
200-BP-1 Prototype Hanford Barrier -- 15 Years of Performance Monitoring
Monitoring is an essential component of engineered barrier system design and operation. A composite capacitive cover, including a capillary break and an evapotranspiration (ET) barrier at the Hanford Site, is generating data that can be used to help resolve these issues. The prototype Hanford barrier was constructed over the 216-B-57 Crib in 1994 to evaluate surface-barrier constructability, construction costs, and physical and hydrologic performance at the field scale. The barrier has been routinely monitored between November 1994 and September 1998 as part of a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) treatability test of barrier performance for the 200 BP 1 Operable Unit. Since FY 1998, monitoring has focused on a more limited set of key water balance, stability, and biotic parameters. In FY 2009, data collection was focused on: (1) water-balance monitoring, consisting of precipitation, runoff, soil moisture storage, and drainage measurements with evapotranspiration calculated by difference; (2) stability monitoring, consisting of asphalt-layer-settlement, basalt-side-slope-stability, and surface-elevation measurements; (3) vegetation dynamics; and (4) animal use. September 2009 marked 15 years since the start of monitoring and the collection of performance data. This report describes the results of monitoring activities during the period October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009, and summarizes the 15 years of performance data collected from September 1994 through September 2009.
Ward, Anderson L.; Draper, Kathryn E.; Link, Steven O.; Clayton, Ray E.
Inductive gas line for pulsed lasers
A gas laser having a metal inlet gas feed line assembly shaped as a coil, to function as an electrical inductance and therefore high impedance to pulses of electric current applied to electrodes at opposite ends of a discharge tube of a laser, for example. This eliminates a discharge path for the laser through the inlet gas feed line. A ferrite core extends through the coil to increase the inductance of the coil and provide better electric isolation. By elimination of any discharge breakdown through the gas supply, efficiency is increased and a significantly longer operating lifetime of the laser is provided.
Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Alger, Terry W. (Tracy, CA)
Benett, W.J.; Alger, T.W.
Chamber dynamic research with pulsed power
In Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE), Target Chamber Dynamics (TCD) is an integral part of the target chamber design and performance. TCD includes target output deposition of target x-rays, ions and neutrons in target chamber gases and structures, vaporization and melting of target chamber materials, radiation-hydrodynamics in target chamber vapors and gases, and chamber conditions at the time of target and beam injections. Pulsed power provides a unique environment for IFE-TCD validation experiments in two important ways: they do not require the very clean conditions which lasers need and they currently provide large x-ray and ion energies.
Optical penetration sensor for pulsed laser welding
An apparatus and method for determining the penetration of the weld pool created from pulsed laser welding and more particularly to an apparatus and method of utilizing an optical technique to monitor the weld vaporization plume velocity to determine the depth of penetration. A light source directs a beam through a vaporization plume above a weld pool, wherein the plume changes the intensity of the beam, allowing determination of the velocity of the plume. From the velocity of the plume, the depth of the weld is determined.
Essien, Marcelino (Albuquerque, NM); Keicher, David M. (Albuquerque, NM); Schlienger, M. Eric (Albuquerque, NM); Jellison, James L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Pulsed Power Technology at Sandia National Laboratories
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsrucLas ConchasPassive Solar HomePromising Science for1 2011 Publications Wood, V., Panzer, PULSED
The Homopolar Pulse Billet Heating Process
Research Institute Rept. No. IEEE Int'l. Pulsed Power Conf., 1st, NP-1285, Dec. 1979. Lubbock, TX, Nov. 9-11, 1976. 12. Driga, M. D., Nasa, S. A., Rylande~, 2. Weldon, W. F., Driga, M. D., Woodson, H. G., Weldon, W. F., and Woodson, H. H. H...., and Ryl ander, H.' G., "The H., "Fundamental Limitations and Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Topological Considerations for Fast Five Megajoule Homopolar Discharge Homopolar Machines", IEEE Motor-Generator", Int'l. Conf. on Int'l. Conf...
Keith, R. E.; Weldon, W. F.
LANSCE | News & Media | The Pulse
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-SeriesFlickrinformationPostdocs &JeffIntensitySurface Los Alamos09Pulse 2012
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunDatastreamsmmcrcalgovInstrumentsruc DocumentationP-SeriesFlickrinformationPostdocs &JeffIntensitySurface Los Alamos09Pulse
Method of estimating pulse response using an impedance spectrum
Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum data are used to predict pulse performance of an energy storage device. The impedance spectrum may be obtained in-situ. A simulation waveform includes a pulse wave with a period greater than or equal to the lowest frequency used in the impedance measurement. Fourier series coefficients of the pulse train can be obtained. The number of harmonic constituents in the Fourier series are selected so as to appropriately resolve the response, but the maximum frequency should be less than or equal to the highest frequency used in the impedance measurement. Using a current pulse as an example, the Fourier coefficients of the pulse are multiplied by the impedance spectrum at corresponding frequencies to obtain Fourier coefficients of the voltage response to the desired pulse. The Fourier coefficients of the response are then summed and reassembled to obtain the overall time domain estimate of the voltage using the Fourier series analysis.
Morrison, John L; Morrison, William H; Christophersen, Jon P; Motloch, Chester G
Pulse transmission transmitter including a higher order time derivate filter
Systems and methods for pulse-transmission low-power communication modes are disclosed. A pulse transmission transmitter includes: a clock; a pseudorandom polynomial generator coupled to the clock, the pseudorandom polynomial generator having a polynomial load input; an exclusive-OR gate coupled to the pseudorandom polynomial generator, the exclusive-OR gate having a serial data input; a programmable delay circuit coupled to both the clock and the exclusive-OR gate; a pulse generator coupled to the programmable delay circuit; and a higher order time derivative filter coupled to the pulse generator. The systems and methods significantly reduce lower-frequency emissions from pulse transmission spread-spectrum communication modes, which reduces potentially harmful interference to existing radio frequency services and users and also simultaneously permit transmission of multiple data bits by utilizing specific pulse shapes.
Single molecule imaging with longer x-ray laser pulses
In serial femtosecond crystallography, x-ray laser pulses do not need to outrun all radiation damage processes because Bragg diffraction exceeds the damage-induced background scattering for longer pulses ($\\sim$ 50--100 fs). This is due to a "self-gating pulse" effect whereby damage terminates Bragg diffraction prior to the pulse completing its passage through the sample, as if that diffraction were produced by a shorter pulse of equal fluence. We show here that a similar gating effect applies to single molecule diffraction with respect to spatially uncorrelated damage processes like ionization and ion diffusion. The effect is clearly seen in calculations of the diffraction contrast, by calculating the diffraction of average structure separately to the diffraction from statistical fluctuations of the structure due to damage ("damage noise"). Our results suggest that sub-nanometer single molecule imaging with longer pulses, like those produced at currently operating facilities, should not yet be ruled out. The...
Martin, Andrew V; Caleman, Carl; Quiney, Harry M
Microcalorimeter Spectroscopy at High Pulse Rates: a Multi-Pulse Fitting Technique
Transition edge sensor microcalorimeters can measure x-ray and gamma-ray energies with very high energy resolution and high photon-collection efficiency. For this technology to reach its full potential in future x-ray observatories, each sensor must be able to measure hundreds or even thousands of photon energies per second. Current "optimal filtering" approaches to achieve the best possible energy resolution work only for photons well isolated in time, a requirement in direct conflict with the need for high-rate measurements. We describe a new analysis procedure to allow fitting for the pulse height of all photons even in the presence of heavy pulse pile-up. In the limit of isolated pulses, the technique reduces to the standard optimal filtering with long records. We employ reasonable approximations to the noise covariance function in order to render multi-pulse fitting computationally viable even for very long data records. The technique is employed to analyze x-ray emission spectra at 600 eV and 6 keV at r...
Fowler, J W; Doriese, W B; Fischer, D A; Jaye, C; Joe, Y I; O'Neil, G C; Swetz, D S; Ullom, J N
System and process for pulsed multiple reaction monitoring
A new pulsed multiple reaction monitoring process and system are disclosed that uses a pulsed ion injection mode for use in conjunction with triple-quadrupole instruments. The pulsed injection mode approach reduces background ion noise at the detector, increases amplitude of the ion signal, and includes a unity duty cycle that provides a significant sensitivity increase for reliable quantitation of proteins/peptides present at attomole levels in highly complex biological mixtures.
Belov, Mikhail E
Device For Trapping Laser Pulses In An Optical Delay Line
A device for maintaining a high-energy laser pulse within a recirculating optical delay line for a period time to optimize the interaction of the pulse with an electron beam pulse train comprising closely spaced electron micropulses. The delay line allows a single optical pulse to interact with many of the electron micropulses in a single electron beam macropulse in sequence and for the introduction of additional optical pulses to interact with the micropulses of additional electron beam macropulses. The device comprises a polarization-sensitive beam splitter for admitting an optical pulse to and ejecting it from the delay line according to its polarization state, a Pockels cell to control the polarization of the pulse within the delay line for the purpose of maintaining it within the delay line or ejecting it from the delay line, a pair of focusing mirrors positioned so that a collimated incoming optical pulse is focused by one of them to a focal point where the pulse interacts with the electron beam and then afterwards the pulse is recollimated by the second focusing mirror, and a timing device which synchronizes the introduction of the laser pulse into the optical delay line with the arrival of the electron macropulse at the delay line to ensure the interaction of the laser pulse with a prescribed number of electron micropulses in sequence. In a first embodiment of the invention, the principal optical elements are mounted with their axes collinear. In a second embodiment, all principal optical elements are mounted in the configuration of a ring.
Yu, David U. L. (Rancho Palos Verdes, CA); Bullock, Donald L. (Los Angeles, CA)
Pulse Transformer Design for Magnet Powering in Particle Accelerators
This paper presents an optimal design procedure for pulse transformers fed by power converters for supplying pulsed current magnets in particle accelerators. Usually their volume must be minimized because of limited space available in the accelerator tunnel. Analytical and numerical models are presented as well as an experimental validation and a real case study where the design tool is exploited to derive a wide variety of solutions depending on the pulse transformers location with respect to the magnet position.
Aguglia, D
Analytical Data Report for Sediment Samples Collected From 200 BP 5 OU, C7515 (299-E24-25) M-Well
This is an analytical data report for sediments received from BP 5 M Well for geochemical studies. Data will be reported to CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC).
Pulsed combustion process for black liquor gasification
The objective of this project is to test an energy efficient, innovative black liquor recovery system on an industrial scale. In the MTCI recovery process, black liquor is sprayed directly onto a bed of sodium carbonate solids which is fluidized by steam. Direct contact of the black liquor with hot bed solids promotes high rates of heating and pyrolysis. Residual carbon, which forms as a deposit on the particle surface, is then gasified by reaction with steam. Heat is supplied from pulse combustor resonance tubes which are immersed within the fluid bed. A portion of the gasifier product gas is returned to the pulse combustors to provide the energy requirements of the reactor. Oxidized sulfur species are partially reduced by reaction with the gasifier products, principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The reduced sulfur decomposed to solid sodium carbonate and gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S). Sodium values are recovered by discharging a dry sodium carbonate product from the gasifier. MTCI's indirectly heated gasification technology for black liquor recovery also relies on the scrubbing of H{sub 2}S for product gases to regenerate green liquor for reuse in the mill circuit. Due to concerns relative to the efficiency of sulfur recovery in the MTCI integrated process, an experimental investigation was undertaken to establish performance and design data for this portion of the system.
Durai-Swamy, K.; Mansour, M.N.; Warren, D.W.
Pulse spectral evolution of GRBs: implication as standard candle
Using an \\emph{empirical} description of a prompt GRB pulse, we analyze the individual pulses of all Fermi/GBM GRBs with known redshifts, till July 2009. This description is simultaneous in time and energy and allows one to determine the peak energy of Band spectrum at zero fluence ($E_{peak,0}$). We demonstrate, for the first time, that the $E_{peak,0}$ bears a very strong correlation with the isotropic energy of the individual pulses, and hence, each pulse can be used as a luminosity indicator. As a physical description is needed in order to use GRB pulses for cosmological purposes, we explore other physical spectral models. As pulses are the building blocks of a GRB, we choose another sample of Fermi/GBM GRBs having bright, long and single/ separable pulse(s) and fit the time-resolved spectra of the individual pulses with the Band model and a model consisting of a blackbody and a power-law. Both these models give acceptable fits. We find that the peak energy/ temperature always decreases exponentially with...
Basak, Rupal
Suppression of Magnetic State Decoherence Using Ultrafast Optical Pulses
It is shown that the magnetic state decoherence produced by collisions in a thermal vapor can be suppressed by the application of a train of ultrafast optical pulses.
C. Search; P. R. Berman
A modified parallel HVDC convertor for 24 pulse operation
A new concept of convertor design is proposed suitable for large current ratings, such as used in back-to-back HVDC interconnections. It consists of a parallel 12-pulse configuration involving two phase shifted bridges and a thyristor-tapped interphase reactor. The dc. ripple present across the interphase reactor is used to derive a current waveform which, when added to the original phase currents, effectively doubles the converters pulse number. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the use of dc.-ripple reinjection achieves 24-pulse operations from a conventional 12-pulse HVDC converter configuration.
Arrillaga, J.; Villablanca, M. (Canterbury Univ., Christchurch (New Zealand))
Tailored Terahertz Pulses from a Laser-Modulated Electron Beam
100 femtoseconds, synchronization to another ultrafast source ranging from infrared to x-ray wavelengths, and the ability to shape the time envelope of the pulse. Among the...
Spatial and spectral effects in subcritical system pulsed experiments
Accurate neutronic models are needed for the interpretation of pulsed experiments in subcritical systems. In this work, the extent of spatial and spectral effects in the pulse propagation phenomena is investigated and the analysis is applied to the GUINEVERE experiment. The multigroup cross section data is generated by the Monte Carlo SERPENT code and the neutronic evolution following the source pulse is simulated by a kinetic diffusion code. The results presented show that important spatial and spectral aspects need to be properly accounted for and that a detailed energy approach may be needed to adequately capture the physical features of the system to the pulse injection. (authors)
Dulla, S.; Nervo, M.; Ravetto, P. [Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento Energia, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino (Italy); Carta, M. [ENEA - C.R. CASACCIA, UTFISSM-PRONOC, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria (Italy)
Saturable inductor and transformer structures for magnetic pulse compression
Saturable inductor and transformer for magnetic compression of an electronic pulse, using a continuous electrical conductor looped several times around a tightly packed core of saturable inductor material.
Birx, Daniel L. (Londonderry, NH); Reginato, Louis L. (Orinda, CA)
Neodymium glass laser with a pulse energy of 220 J and a pulse repetition rate of 0.02 Hz
A compact neodymium glass laser with a pulse energy of 220 J and a record-high pulse repetition rate of 0.02 Hz (pulse duration 30 ns) is developed. Thermally induced phase distortions are compensated using wave phase conjugation. The integral depolarisation of radiation is decreased to 0.4% by using linear compensation schemes. The second harmonic of laser radiation can be used for pumping Ti : sapphire multipetawatt complexes. (letters)
Kuzmin, A A; Kulagin, O V; Khazanov, Efim A; Shaykin, A A [Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod (Russian Federation)] [Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod (Russian Federation)
Effect of Nuclear Motion on Molecular High-Order Harmonics and on Generation of Attosecond Pulses in Intense Laser Pulses
We calculate harmonic spectra and shapes of attosecond-pulse trains using numerical solutions of Non-Born-Oppenheimer time-dependent Shroedinger equation for 1D H{sub 2} molecules in an intense laser pulse. A very strong signature of nuclear motion is seen in the time profiles of high-order harmonics. In general the nuclear motion shortens the part of the attosecond-pulse train originating from the first electron contribution, but it may enhance the second electron contribution for longer pulses. The shape of time profiles of harmonics can thus be used for monitoring the nuclear motion.
Bandrauk, Andre D.; Chelkowski, Szczepan; Kawai, Shinnosuke; Lu, Huizhong [Departement de Chimie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1K 2R1 (Canada)
Ultra-wideband short-pulse radar with range accuracy for short range detection
An ultra-wideband (UWB) radar transmitter apparatus comprises a pulse generator configured to produce from a sinusoidal input signal a pulsed output signal having a series of baseband pulses with a first pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The pulse generator includes a plurality of components that each have a nonlinear electrical reactance. A signal converter is coupled to the pulse generator and configured to convert the pulsed output signal into a pulsed radar transmit signal having a series of radar transmit pulses with a second PRF that is less than the first PRF.
Rodenbeck, Christopher T; Pankonin, Jeffrey; Heintzleman, Richard E; Kinzie, Nicola Jean; Popovic, Zorana P
Pulsed Power for Solid-State Lasers
Beginning in the early 1970s, a number of research and development efforts were undertaken at U.S. National Laboratories with a goal of developing high power lasers whose characteristics were suitable for investigating the feasibility of laser-driven fusion. A number of different laser systems were developed and tested at ever larger scale in pursuit of the optimum driver for laser fusion experiments. Each of these systems had associated with it a unique pulsed power option. A considerable amount of original and innovative engineering was carried out in support of these options. Ultimately, the Solid-state Laser approach was selected as the optimum driver for the application. Following this, the Laser Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the University of Rochester undertook aggressive efforts directed at developing the technology. In particular, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a series of laser systems beginning with the Cyclops laser and culminating in the present with the National Ignition Facility were developed and tested. As a result, a large amount of design information for solid-state laser pulsed power systems has been documented. Some of it is in the form of published papers, but most of it is buried in internal memoranda, engineering reports and LLNL annual reports. One of the goals of this book is to gather this information into a single useable format, such that it is easily accessed and understood by other engineers and physicists for use with future designs. It can also serve as a primer, which when seriously studied, makes the subsequent reading of original work and follow-up references considerably easier. While this book deals only with the solid-state laser pulsed power systems, in the bibliography we have included a representative cross section of papers and references from much of the very fine work carried out at other institutions in support of different laser approaches. Finally, in recent years, there has been a renewed interest in high-average-power solid-state glass lasers. Much of the prime power technology developed in support of this has definite applications in the long term for fusion power plant scenarios.
Gagnon, W; Albrecht, G; Trenholme, J; Newton, M
Ultrashort pulse laser deposition of thin films
Short pulse PLD is a viable technique of producing high quality films with properties very close to that of crystalline diamond. The plasma generated using femtosecond lasers is composed of single atom ions with no clusters producing films with high Sp.sup.3 /Sp.sup.2 ratios. Using a high average power femtosecond laser system, the present invention dramatically increases deposition rates to up to 25 .mu.m/hr (which exceeds many CVD processes) while growing particulate-free films. In the present invention, deposition rates is a function of laser wavelength, laser fluence, laser spot size, and target/substrate separation. The relevant laser parameters are shown to ensure particulate-free growth, and characterizations of the films grown are made using several diagnostic techniques including electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Raman spectroscopy.
Perry, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Banks, Paul S. (Livermore, CA); Stuart, Brent C. (Fremont, CA)
Bipolar pulse field for magnetic refrigeration
A magnetic refrigeration apparatus includes first and second steady state magnets, each having a field of substantially equal strength and opposite polarity, first and second bodies made of magnetocaloric material disposed respectively in the influence of the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, and a pulsed magnet, concentric with the first and second steady state magnets, and having a field which cycles between the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, thereby cyclically magnetizing and demagnetizing and thus heating and cooling the first and second bodies. Heat exchange apparatus of suitable design can be used to expose a working fluid to the first and second bodies of magnetocaloric material. A controller is provided to synchronize the flow of working fluid with the changing states of magnetization of the first and second bodies. 2 figs.
Lubell, M.S.
Supergiant Pulses from Extragalactic Neutron Stars
We evaluate the hypothesis that extragalactic radio bursts originate from neutron stars. These could be active pulsars or dormant, slowly spinning objects, but the different population distances for these two classes require correspondingly different contributions to burst dispersion measures from any host or intervening galaxies combined with the intergalactic medium. The large, apparent burst rate $\\sim 10^4~$ sky$^{-1}~$ day$^{-1}$ is comparable to the core-collapse supernova rate in a Hubble volume and can be accommodated by a single burst per object in the resulting large reservoir of $\\sim 10^{17}~$ neutron stars. A smaller population distance requires more bursts per object but the likelihood of seeing repeated bursts from any single object is extremely low on human timescales. Gravitational microlensing could play a role for high redshift sources. Extrapolation of the Crab pulsar's giant pulses --- exemplars of coherent, high brightness temperature radiation --- to a rate of one per $10^3~$yr yields a...
Cordes, J M
Pulse combusted acoustic agglomeration apparatus and process
An improved apparatus and process for removal of particulates entrained in a gas stream are provided. The removal process employs a pulse combustor to provide an acoustic pressure wave to acoustically enhance bimodal agglomeration of particulates which may be collected and removed using a conventional separation apparatus. A particulate having a size different from the size of the particulate in the gas stream to be cleaned is introduced into the system to effectuate the bimodal process. The apparatus may be employed as a direct fired system for improved operation of gas-operated equipment such as a gas turbine, or may, alternatively, be employed as an add-on subsystem for combustion exhaust clean-up. Additionally, the added particulate may be a sorbent for effecting sorption of other contaminants such as sulfur. Various other particulates for contaminant removal may also be introduced into the system as exemplified by alkali-gettering agents.
An improved apparatus and process for removal of particulates entrained in a gas stream are provided. The removal process employs a pulse combustor to provide an acoustic pressure wave to acoustically enhance agglomeration of particulates which may be collected and removed using a conventional separation apparatus. The apparatus may be employed as a direct fired system for improved operation of gas-operated equipment such as a gas turbine, or may, alternatively, be employed as an add-on subsystem for combustion exhaust clean-up. Additionally, added particulates may include a sorbent for effecting sorption of other contaminants such as sulfur. Various other particulates for contaminant removal may also be introduced into the system as exemplified by alkali-gettering agents.
Mansour, Momtaz N. (Columbia, MD); Chandran, Ravi (Ellicott City, MD)
RICE UNIVERSITY Pulsed Dye Laser For Excitation Of Strontium
RICE UNIVERSITY Pulsed Dye Laser For Excitation Of Strontium by Priya Gupta A Thesis Submitted April, 2004 #12;2 #12;#12;iii ABSTRACT Pulsed Dye Laser For Excitation Of Strontium by Priya Gupta that is used to make ultracold strontium plasma. In order to make ultracold plasma, we cool and trap strontium
Killian, Thomas C.
Adaptive control of femtosecond pulse propagation in optical fibers
We present an adaptive control loop that synthesizes fs-pulses that are self-correcting for higher order nonlinear effects when launched in a conventional single-mode fiber, nearly preserving the initial (t{approx}200 fs) pulse duration.
Omenetto, F. G. (Fiorenzo G.); Taylor, Antoinette J.,; Moores, M. D. (Mark D.); Reitze, David H.
PulsedPower Transient Plasma: Energy, Engines, and
1Gundersen PulsedPower USC Transient Plasma: Energy, Engines, and Aerospace Applications USC: Dan phase prior to equilibration of the electron energy distribution It is studied for applications Biomedical (Cancer) A Little Wine Catalyst Yung-Hsu Andy Kuthi #12;3Gundersen PulsedPower USC Transient
Levi, Anthony F. J.
Beams 92: Proceedings. Volume 1: Invited papers, pulsed power
This report contains papers on the following topics: Ion beam papers; electron beam, bremsstrahlung, and diagnostics papers; radiating Z- pinch papers; microwave papers; electron laser papers; advanced accelerator papers; beam and pulsed power applications papers; pulsed power papers; and these papers have been indexed separately elsewhere.
Mosher, D.; Cooperstein, G. [eds.] [Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC (United States)
Raman Amplification of Laser Pulses in Microcapillary Plasmas
of overcoming the power limit of current chirped-pulse-amplification (CPA) CP641, X-Ray Lasers 2002: 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, edited by J. J. Rocca et al. > 2002American Institute of Physics 0 of the optics. Such Raman amplifiers can be useful to produce ultra-intense laser pulses for pumping soft x-ray
DIRECT SPACE-TO-TIME PULSE SHAPING FOR ULTRAFAST OPTICAL WAVEFORM GENERATION A Thesis Submitted ago. To the students, past and present, post-docs, and visitors of the Ultrafast Optics & Optical me what it is that I love about this work. The experimental optical pulse train generation devices
Searching for Transient Pulses with the ETA Radio Telescope
frequency pulses from transient events such as gamma ray bursts and primordial black hole explosions ray bursts (GRBs). PBHs are postulated to arise from density fluctu- ations in the early universe for these pulses include the ex- plosion of primordial black holes (PBHs) and prompt emission associated with gamma
Isolated attosecond pulses using a detuned second-harmonic field
Isolated attosecond pulses using a detuned second-harmonic field Hamed Merdji,1,2, * Thierry 2 . The slight detuning of the second harmonic is used to break the symmetry of the electric field-order harmonics generation (HHG) of intense laser pulses in gases is attracting much attention due to both
Neumark, Daniel M.
Multiple pulse resonantly enhanced laser plasma wakefield acceleration
We present an outline of experiments being conducted at Oxford University on multiple-pulse, resonantly-enhanced laser plasma wakefield acceleration. This method of laser plasma acceleration uses trains of optimally spaced low energy short pulses to drive plasma oscillations and may enable laser plasma accelerators to be driven by compact and efficient fibre laser sources operating at high repetition rates.
Corner, L.; Walczak, R.; Nevay, L. J.; Dann, S.; Hooker, S. M.; Bourgeois, N.; Cowley, J. [John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Oxford University, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH (United Kingdom); Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU (United Kingdom)
Pulse thermal processing of functional materials using directed plasma arc
A method of thermally processing a material includes exposing the material to at least one pulse of infrared light emitted from a directed plasma arc to thermally process the material, the pulse having a duration of no more than 10 s.
Ott, Ronald D. (Knoxville, TN); Blue, Craig A. (Knoxville, TN); Dudney, Nancy J. (Knoxville, TN); Harper, David C. (Kingston, TN)
Ultrashort-pulse laser generated nanoparticles of energetic materials
A process for generating nanoscale particles of energetic materials, such as explosive materials, using ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation. The use of ultrashort laser pulses in embodiments of this invention enables one to generate particles by laser ablation that retain the chemical identity of the starting material while avoiding ignition, deflagration, and detonation of the explosive material.
Welle, Eric J. (Niceville, NM); Tappan, Alexander S. (Albuquerque, NM); Palmer, Jeremy A. (Albuquerque, NM)
Conditions for two-photon interference with coherent pulses
We study the conditions for two-photon classical interference with coherent pulses. We find that the temporal overlap between optical pulses is not required for interference However, coherence within the same inputs is found to be essential for the interference.
Yong-Su Kim; Oliver Slattery; Paulina S. Kuo; Xiao Tang
Plasmon enhanced photoelectron spectroscopy and the generation of isolated attosecond XUV pulses for use with condensed matter targets
experiments, an ultrafast laser pulse is used to launch ahigh intensity, ultrafast laser pulses. Lasers that generateexcited directly by ultrafast laser pulses without requiring
Nagel, Phillip Michael
Lead acid battery pulse discharge investigation. Final report
The effects of high current pulses caused by electric vehicle silicon-controlled rectifier and transistor chopper controllers on battery energy, lifetime, and microstructure were studied. Test equipment and results are described. It was found that the energy of improved golf cart-type batteries deteriorated under pulsed conditions by about 10% with respect to dc conditions for pulses between 16 and 333 Hz - no difference was noted above 333 Hz. Frequencies and duty cycles characteristic of electric vehicle controllers produce ampere-hour capacities similar in magnitude to dc discharges of the same average currents. The amount of positive plate corrosion under pulsed conditions was about twice that ot the unpulsed. Unusually large lead sulfate crystals were found in isolated colonies in pulsed plates, whereas a battery that had been discharged each cycle at an equivalent steady state did not show these large crystals. 5 figures, 3 tables. (RWR)
Dowgiallo, E
Plasma Switch for High-Power Active Pulse Compressor
Results are presented from experiments carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory X-band magnicon facility on a two-channel X-band active RF pulse compressor that employed plasma switches. Experimental evidence is shown to validate the basic goals of the project, which include: simultaneous firing of plasma switches in both channels of the RF circuit, operation of quasi-optical 3-dB hybrid directional coupler coherent superposition of RF compressed pulses from both channels, and operation of the X-band magnicon directly in the RF pulse compressor. For incident 1.2 ?s pulses in the range 0.63 ? 1.35 MW, compressed pulses of peak powers 5.7 ? 11.3 MW were obtained, corresponding to peak power gain ratios of 8.3 ? 9.3. Insufficient bakeout and conditioning of the high-power RF circuit prevented experiments from being conducted at higher RF input power levels.
Hirshfield, Jay L. [Omega-P, Inc.] [Omega-P, Inc.
In our earlier studies, we reported the detection of off-pulse emission from two long-period pulsars B0525+21 and B2045-16. The pulsars were observed at a single epoch using the 325 MHz frequency band of the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT). In this paper, we report a detailed study of the off-pulse emission from these two pulsars using multiple observations at two different frequencies, 325 MHz and 610 MHz bands of GMRT. We report detection of off-pulse emission during each observation and based on the scintillation effects and spectral index of off-pulse emission we conclude a magnetospheric origin. The magnetospheric origin of off-pulse emission gives rise to various interesting possibilities about its emission mechanism and raises questions about the structure of the magnetosphere.
Basu, Rahul; Mitra, Dipanjan [National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, P.O. Bag 3, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007 (India); Athreya, Ramana, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Indian Institute of Science Education Research (IISER)-Pune, 900, NCL Innovation Park, Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008 (India)
High-performance laser processing using manipulated ultrafast laser pulses
We employ manipulated ultrafast laser pulses to realize microprocessing with high-performance. Efficient microwelding of glass substrates by irradiation by a double-pulse train of ultrafast laser pulses is demonstrated. The bonding strength of two photostructurable glass substrates welded by double-pulse irradiation was evaluated to be 22.9 MPa, which is approximately 22% greater than that of a sample prepared by conventional irradiation by a single pulse train. Additionally, the fabrication of hollow microfluidic channels with a circular cross-sectional shape embedded in fused silica is realized by spatiotemporally focusing the ultrafast laser beam. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the spatiotemporal focusing of ultrafast laser beam allows for the creation of a three-dimensionally symmetric spherical peak intensity distribution at the focal spot.
Sugioka, Koji; Cheng Ya; Xu Zhizhan; Hanada, Yasutaka; Midorikawa, Katsumi [RIKEN - Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China); RIKEN - Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
High-voltage air-core pulse transformers
General types of air core pulse transformers designed for high voltage pulse generation and energy transfer applications are discussed with special emphasis on pulse charging systems which operate up to the multi-megavolt range. The design, operation, dielectric materials, and performance are described. It is concluded that high voltage air core pulse transformers are best suited to applications outside the normal ranges of conventional magnetic core transformers. In general these include charge transfer at high power levels and fast pulse generation with comparatively low energy. When properly designed and constructed, they are capable of delivering high energy transfer efficiency and have demonstrated superior high voltage endurance. The principal disadvantage of high voltage air core transformers is that they are not generally available from commercial sources. Consequently, the potential user must become thoroughly familiar with all aspects of design, fabrication and system application before he can produce a high performance transformer system. (LCL)
Rohwein, G. J.
Molecular spinning by a chiral train of short laser pulses
We provide a detailed theoretical analysis of molecular rotational excitation by a chiral pulse train -- a sequence of linearly polarised pulses with the polarisation direction rotating from pulse to pulse by a controllable angle. Molecular rotation with a preferential rotational sense (clockwise or counter-clockwise) can be excited by this scheme. We show that the directionality of the rotation is caused by quantum interference of different excitation pathways. The chiral pulse train is capable of selective excitation of molecular isotopologues and nuclear spin isomers in a mixture. We demonstrate this using 14N2 and 15N2 as examples for isotopologues, and para- and ortho-nitrogen as examples for nuclear spin isomers.
Johannes Flo�; Ilya Sh. Averbukh
Dynamic photorefractivity guided by single-pulse voltage
The dynamic photorefractivity in a cell with photoconducting orienting layers, filled with a nematic liquid crystal (LC) 6CHBT and a mixture of anthraquinone dyes AD1 and AD2, has been investigated. The single-pulse mode, in which the polarity and amplitude of a dc electric field applied to an LC cell are switched for a fixed time interval, has been used. The scheme of dynamic self-diffraction of low-power laser beams was used in the experiment. The dependences of the width and intensity of diffraction pulses on the bias and switching voltages have been investigated. It is established that the width and intensity of the diffraction pulse arising after initial voltage recovery depends also on the switching pulse width. At the optimal width of the control pulse, the diffraction efficiency increases by two orders of magnitude.
Agashkov, A. V., E-mail: email@example.com; Kovalev, A. A. [National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Institute of Electronics (Belarus); Parka, J. [Military University of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics (Poland)
Pulse radiolysis of liquid water using picosecond electron pulses produced by a table-top terawatt laser system
Pulse radiolysis of liquid water using picosecond electron pulses produced by a table-top terawatt into a supersonic helium gas jet are used to ionize liquid water. The decay of the hydrated electrons produced electron generator is shown, for the first time, to produce sufficient charge to conduct time resolved
Umstadter, Donald
Pulse Jet Mixing Tests With Noncohesive Solids
This report summarizes results from pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid conducted during FY 2007 and 2008 to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Tests were conducted at three geometric scales using noncohesive simulants. The test data were used to independently develop mixing models that can be used to predict full-scale WTP vessel performance and to rate current WTP mixing system designs against two specific performance requirements. One requirement is to ensure that all solids have been disturbed during the mixing action, which is important to release gas from the solids. The second requirement is to maintain a suspended solids concentration below 20 weight percent at the pump inlet. The models predict the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action, and the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids have been lifted from the floor. From the cloud height estimate we can calculate the concentration of solids at the pump inlet. The velocity needed to lift the solids is slightly more demanding than "disturbing" the solids, and is used as a surrogate for this metric. We applied the models to assess WTP mixing vessel performance with respect to the two perform�ance requirements. Each mixing vessel was evaluated against these two criteria for two defined waste conditions. One of the wastes was defined by design limits and one was derived from Hanford waste characterization reports. The assessment predicts that three vessel types will satisfy the design criteria for all conditions evaluated. Seven vessel types will not satisfy the performance criteria used for any of the conditions evaluated. The remaining three vessel types provide varying assessments when the different particle characteristics are evaluated. The assessment predicts that three vessel types will satisfy the design criteria for all conditions evaluated. Seven vessel types will not satisfy the performance criteria used for any of the conditions evaluated. The remaining three vessel types provide varying assessments when the different particle characteristics are evaluated. The HLP-022 vessel was also evaluated using 12 m/s pulse jet velocity with 6-in. nozzles, and this design also did not satisfy the criteria for all of the conditions evaluated.
Meyer, Perry A.; Bamberger, Judith A.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fort, James A.; Wells, Beric E.; Sundaram, S. K.; Scott, Paul A.; Minette, Michael J.; Smith, Gary L.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Greenwood, Margaret S.; Morgen, Gerald P.; Baer, Ellen BK; Snyder, Sandra F.; White, Michael; Piepel, Gregory F.; Amidan, Brett G.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro; Bailey, Sharon A.; Bower, John C.; Denslow, Kayte M.; Eakin, David E.; Elmore, Monte R.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Guzman, Anthony D.; Hatchell, Brian K.; Hopkins, Derek F.; Hurley, David E.; Johnson, Michael D.; Kirihara, Leslie J.; Lawler, Bruce D.; Loveland, Jesse S.; Mullen, O Dennis; Pekour, Mikhail S.; Peters, Timothy J.; Robinson, Peter J.; Russcher, Michael S.; Sande, Susan; Santoso, Christian; Shoemaker, Steven V.; Silva, Steve M.; Smith, Devin E.; Su, Yin-Fong; Toth, James J.; Wiberg, John D.; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Zuljevic, Nino
E-Print Network 3.0 - alternate pulse current Sample Search Results
larger. To prevent the heat pulse from... on the complement channel of the pulse ... Source: Balandin, Alexander- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of...
E-Print Network 3.0 - assisted pulsed laser Sample Search Results
pulsed laser Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: assisted pulsed laser Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY,...
E-Print Network 3.0 - ankle pulse wave Sample Search Results
Engineering 5 ARTICLE ARTICLE Functional electrical stimulation using Summary: is a train of stimulation pulses whose amplitude, pulse width, and rate are set to provide...
E-Print Network 3.0 - adiabatic-rectangular pulse train Sample...
rectangular pulse train Search Powered by Explorit Topic List Advanced Search Sample search results for: adiabatic-rectangular pulse train Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 IEEE...
E-Print Network 3.0 - attosecond pulse trains Sample Search Results
Trains In HHG... polarized. Therefore, attosecond pulses generally are produced in a train, with two pulses ... Source: Kling, Matthias - Max-Planck-Institut fr Quantenoptik...
E-Print Network 3.0 - analyzers pulse Sample Search Results
From Dropout Summary: studied indirectly by performing measurements on the whole pulse train using an RF spectrum analyzer... in the pulse train was observed in the sampling...
E-Print Network 3.0 - attosecond laser pulses Sample Search Results
41 (2008) 081003 (5pp) doi:10.10880953-4075418081003 Summary: . Besides that, trains of attosecond pulses with only one pulse per infrared laser cycle can be produced......
Reversing-counterpulse repetitive-pulse inductive storage circuit
A high power reversing-counterpulse repetitive-pulse inductive storage and transfer circuit includes an opening switch, a main energy storage coil, a counterpulse capacitor and a small inductor. After counterpulsing the opening switch off, the counterpulse capacitor is recharged by the main energy storage coil before the load pulse is initiated. This gives the counterpulse capacitor sufficient energy for the next counterpulse operation, although the polarity of the capacitor's voltage must be reversed before that can occur. By using a current-zero switch as the counterpulse start switch, the capacitor is disconnected from the circuit (with a full charge) when the load pulse is initiated, preventing the capacitor from depleting its energy store by discharging through the load. After the load pulse is terminated by reclosing the main opening switch, the polarity of the counterpulse capacitor voltage is reversed by discharging the capacitor through a small inductor and interrupting the discharge current oscillation at zero current and peak reversed voltage. The circuit enables high-power, high-repetition-rate operation with reusable switches and features total control (pulse-to-pulse) over output pulse initiation, duration, repetition rate, and, to some extent, risetime.
Self-pulsing of hollow cathode discharge in various gases
In this paper, we investigate the self-pulsing phenomenon of cavity discharge in a cylindrical hollow cathode in various gases including argon, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, and air. The current-voltage characteristics of the cavity discharge, the waveforms of the self-pulsing current and voltage as well as the repetition frequency were measured. The results show that the pulsing frequency ranges from a few to tens kilohertz and depends on the averaged current and the pressure in all gases. The pulsing frequency will increase with the averaged current and decrease with the pressure. The rising time of the current pulse is nearly constant in a given gas or mixture. The self-pulsing does not depend on the external ballast but is affected significantly by the external capacitor in parallel with the discharge cell. The low-current self-pulsing in hollow cathode discharge is the mode transition between Townsend and glow discharges. It can be described by the charging-discharging process of an equivalent circuit consisting of capacitors and resistors.
Qin, Y.; He, F., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Jiang, X. X.; Ouyang, J. T., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Xie, K. [School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China)
Capacitor charging FET switcher with controller to adjust pulse width
A switching power supply includes an FET full bridge, a controller to drive the FETs, a programmable controller to dynamically control final output current by adjusting pulse width, and a variety of protective systems, including an overcurrent latch for current control. Power MOSFETS are switched at a variable frequency from 20-50 kHz to charge a capacitor load from 0 to 6 kV. A ferrite transformer steps up the DC input. The transformer primary is a full bridge configuration with the FET switches and the secondary is fed into a high voltage full wave rectifier whose output is connected directly to the energy storage capacitor. The peak current is held constant by varying the pulse width using predetermined timing resistors and counting pulses. The pulse width is increased as the capacitor charges to maintain peak current. A digital ripple counter counts pulses, and after the desired number is reached, an up-counter is clocked. The up-counter output is decoded to choose among different resistors used to discharge a timing capacitor, thereby determining the pulse width. A current latch shuts down the supply on overcurrent due to either excessive pulse width causing transformer saturation or a major bridge fault, i.e., FET or transformer failure, or failure of the drive circuitry.
Mihalka, Alex M. (Livermore, CA)
Method and apparatus for analog pulse pile-up rejection
A method and apparatus for pulse pile-up rejection are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a delay value application constituent configured to receive a threshold-crossing time value, and provide an adjustable value according to a delay value and the threshold-crossing time value; and a comparison constituent configured to receive a peak-occurrence time value and the adjustable value, compare the peak-occurrence time value with the adjustable value, indicate pulse acceptance if the peak-occurrence time value is less than or equal to the adjustable value, and indicate pulse rejection if the peak-occurrence time value is greater than the adjustable value.
De Geronimo, Gianluigi
Wide-range monitor for pulsed x-ray sources
A monitoring instrument based on a high-pressure ionization chamber has been developed that measures average dose rates as low as 0.1 mR/h and responds linearly to short pulses at dose rates up to 1.2 x 10/sup 10/ R/h. Its sensitivity can be remotely changed by a factor of 10/sup 4/, to enable accurate measurement of both background radiation and very high intensities such as can be expected from accelerator beam-spills. The instrument's detector-electrometer pulse response was measured using a dose-calibrated field-emission accelerator having a 30-ns pulse width.
Kaifer, R.C.; Jenkins, T.E.; Straume, T.
Improving the resolution of chopper spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources
We examine the relationships between intensity and resolution in pulsed-source chopper spectrometers, including the effects of Soller collimation, narrower rotor slits and higher rotor speeds. The basis is a simplified description of a spectrometer, approximately optimizing the rotor pulse and lighthouse effects. the analysis includes a new treatment of the angular distribution transmitted through a system consisting of a coarse collimator and a Soller collimator. The results encourage the prospect for a reasonably easily accomplished, higher resolution, optional configuration of the pulsed source chopper spectrometers at IPNS. 6 refs., 5 figs.
Carpenter, J.M. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Mildner, D.F.R. (National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (USA). Center for Analytical Chemistry)
Optimized pulse sequences for suppressing unwanted transitions in quantum systems
We investigate the nature of the pulse sequence so that unwanted transitions in quantum systems can be inhibited optimally. For this purpose we show that the sequence of pulses proposed by Uhrig [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 100504 (2007)] in the context of inhibition of environmental dephasing effects is optimal. We derive exact results for inhibiting the transitions and confirm the results numerically. We posit a very significant improvement by usage of the Uhrig sequence over an equidistant sequence in decoupling a quantum system from unwanted transitions. The physics of inhibition is the destructive interference between transition amplitudes before and after each pulse.
Schroeder, C. A.; Agarwal, G. S. [Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks St. Norman, Oklahoma 73019 (United States); Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 (United States)
Spectrometric Analysis for Pulse Jet Mixer Testing
The Analytical Development Section (ADS) was tasked with providing support for a Hanford River Protection Program-Waste Treatment Program (RPP-WTP) project test involving absorption analysis for non-Newtonian pulse jet mixer testing for small scale (PJM) and prototype (CRV) tanks with sparging. Tanks filled with clay were mixed with various amounts of powdered dye as a tracer. The objective of the entire project was to determine the best mixing protocol (nozzle velocity, number of spargers used, total air flow, etc.) by determining the percent mixed volume through the use of an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The dye concentration within the sample could be correlated to the volume fraction mixed in the tank. Samples were received in vials, a series of dilutions were generated from the clay, allowed to equilibrate, then centrifuged and siphoned for the supernate liquid to analyze by absorption spectroscopy. Equilibration of the samples and thorough mixing of the samples were a continuous issue with dilution curves being difficult to obtain. Despite these technical issues, useful data was obtained for evaluation of various mix conditions.
The pulsed amplitude unit for the SLC
There is a recurring requirement in the SLC for the control of devices such as magnets, phase shifters, and attenuators on a beam-by-beam basis. The Pulsed Amplitude Unit (PAU) is a single width CAMAC module developed for this purpose. It provides digitally programmed analog output voltages on a beam-by-beam basis. Up to 32 preprogrammed values of output voltage are available from the single analog output of the module, and any of these values can be associated with any of the 256 possible SLC beam definitions. A 12-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) digitizes an analog input signal at the appropriate beam time and stores it in a buffer memory. This feature is normally used to monitor the response of the device being controlled by the PAU at each beam time. Initial application of the PAU is a part of the system that controls the output of Klystrons in the SLC. The PAU combines several different functions in a single module. In order to accommodate these functions in a single width CAMAC module, field programmed logic is used extensively. Field Programmable Logic Arrays, Programmed Array Logic, and a Field Programmable Logic Sequencer are employed.
Rolfe, J.; Browne, M.J.; Jobe, R.K.
Injection and acceleration of electron bunch in a plasma wakefield produced by a chirped laser pulse
An ultrashort laser pulse propagating in plasma can excite a nonlinear plasma wakefield which can trap and accelerate charged particles up to GeV. One-dimensional analysis of electron injection, trapping, and acceleration by different chirped pulses propagating in plasma is investigated numerically. In this paper, we inject electron bunches in front of the chirped pulses. It is indicated that periodical chirped laser pulse can trap electrons earlier than other pulses. It is shown that periodical chirped laser pulses lead to decrease the minimum momentum necessary to trap the electrons. This is due to the fact that periodical chirped laser pulses are globally much efficient than nonchirped pulses in the wakefield generation. It is found that chirped laser pulses could lead to much larger electron energy than that of nonchirped pulses. Relative energy spread has a lower value in the case of periodical chirped laser pulses.
Afhami, Saeedeh; Eslami, Esmaeil, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Laser bandwidth interlock capable of single pulse detection and rejection
A pulse of laser light is switched out of a pulse train and spatially dispersed into its constituent wavelengths. The pulse is collimated to a suitable size and then diffracted by high groove density multilayer dielectric gratings. This imparts a different angle to each individual wavelength so that, when brought to the far field with a lens, the colors have spread out in a linear arrangement. The distance between wavelengths (resolution) can be tailored for the specific laser and application by altering the number of times the beam strikes the diffraction gratings, the groove density of the gratings and the focal length of the lens. End portions of the linear arrangement are each directed to a respective detector, which converts the signal to a 1 if the level meets a set-point, and a 0 if the level does not. If both detectors produces a 1, then the pulse train is allowed to propagate into an optical system.
Armstrong, James P; Telford, Steven James; Lanning, Rodney Kay; Bayramian, Andrew James
Electromagnetic solitary pulses in a magnetized electron-positron plasma
A theory for large amplitude compressional electromagnetic solitary pulses in a magnetized electron-positron (e-p) plasma is presented. The pulses, which propagate perpendicular to the external magnetic field, are associated with the compression of the plasma density and the wave magnetic field. Here the solitary wave magnetic field pressure provides the restoring force, while the inertia comes from the equal mass electrons and positrons. The solitary pulses are formed due to a balance between the compressional wave dispersion arising from the curl of the inertial forces in Faraday's law and the nonlinearities associated with the divergence of the electron and positron fluxes, the nonlinear Lorentz forces, the advection of the e-p fluids, and the nonlinear plasma current densities. The compressional solitary pulses can exist in a well-defined speed range above the Alfven speed. They can be associated with localized electromagnetic field excitations in magnetized laboratory and space plasmas composed of electrons and positrons.
Shukla, P. K. [RUB International Chair, International Centre for Advanced Studies in Physical Sciences, Fakultaet fuer Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, D-44780 Bochum (Germany); Eliasson, B. [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik, Fakultaet fuer Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, D-44780 Bochum (Germany); Stenflo, L. [Department of Physics, Linkoeping University, SE-58183 Linkoeping (Sweden)
Bandpass calibration of a wideband spectrometer using pulse injection
We present a novel time domain concept for determining the bandpass response of a system by injecting a nanosecond pulse and capturing the system voltage output. A pulse of sub-nanosecond duration contains all frequency components with constant amplitude up to 1~GHz. Hence, this method can accurately determine the system bandpass response to a broadband signal. A train of pulses are coherently accumulated providing very high signal-to-noise calibration. The basic concept is demonstrated using a pulse generator-accumulator setup realised in a Bedlam board which is a high speed digital signal processing unit. The same system was used at the Parkes Radio Telescope between 2--13 October 2013 and we demonstrate its powerful diagnostic capability. We also present some initial test data from this experiment.
Patra, Nipanjana; Ekers, Ron; Roberts, Paul
Effect of high-voltage nanosecond pulses on complex plasmas
Influence of high-voltage (1-11 kV) pulses of nanosecond (20 ns) duration on microparticles levitating in a rf plasma is studied. It is shown that the pulses produce significant influence on the plasma, causing perturbations with the relaxation time of the order of 10{sup -4} s. This time is sufficient for the microparticle to acquire significant kinetic energy. Application of repetitive pulses leads to the vertical oscillations of the microparticles. Clusters, consisting of small number of microparticles, exhibit parametric instabilities of horizontal modes under the effect of repetitive pulses. It was shown that the parametric instability is caused by the vertical oscillations of the microparticles in the nonuniform environment of the sheath.
Pustylnik, M. Y.; Ivlev, A. V.; Thomas, H. M.; Morfill, G. E. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching (Germany); Vasilyak, L. M.; Vetchinin, S. P.; Polyakov, D. N.; Fortov, V. E. [Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/19, 125412 Moscow (Russian Federation)
Aberration-free, all-reflective laser pulse stretcher
An all-reflective pulse stretcher for laser systems employing chirped-pulse amplification enables on-axis use of the focusing mirror which results in ease of use, significantly decreased sensitivity to alignment and near aberration-free performance. By using a new type of diffraction grating which contains a mirror incorporated into the grating, the stretcher contains only three elements: 1) the grating, 2) a spherical or parabolic focusing mirror, and 3) a flat mirror. Addition of a fourth component, a retro-reflector, enables multiple passes of the same stretcher resulting in stretching ratios beyond the current state of the art in a simple and compact design. The pulse stretcher has been used to stretch pulses from 20 fsec to over 600 psec (a stretching ratio in excess of 30,000).
Perry, Michael D. (Livermore, CA); Banks, Paul S. (Livermore, CA); Stuart, Brent C. (Fremont, CA); Fochs, Scott N. (Livermore, CA)
Optical fiber based ultrashort pulse multispectral nonlinear optical microscopy
Nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) utilizing femtosecond laser pulses is well suited for imaging living tissues. This work reports on the design and development of an optical fiber based multispectral NLOM developed around a laser generating...
Larson, Adam Michael
Transformation of a single photon field into bunches of pulses
We propose a method to transform a single photon field into bunches of pulses with controllable timing and number of pulses in a bunch. This method is based on transmission of a photon through an optically thick single-line absorber vibrated with a frequency appreciably exceeding the width of the absorption line. The spectrum of the quasi-monochromatic incoming photon is 'seen' by the vibrated absorber as a comb of equidistant spectral components separated by the vibration frequency. Tuning the absorber in resonance with m-th spectral component transforms the output radiation into bunches of pulses with m pulses in each bunch. We experimentally demonstrated the proposed technique with single 14.4 keV photons and produced for the first time gamma-photonic time-bin qudits with dimension d=2m.
R. N. Shakhmuratov; F. G. Vagizov; V. A. Antonov; Y. V. Radeonychev; O. Kocharovskaya
Ultrafast electron diffraction with radio-frequency compressed electron pulses
We report on the complete characterization of time resolution in an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) instrument based on radio-frequency electron pulse compression. The temporal impulse response function of the instrument was determined directly in pump-probe geometry by performing electron-laser pulse cross-correlation measurements using the ponderomotive interaction. With optimal settings, a stable impulse response of 334{+-}10 fs was measured at a bunch charge of 0.1 pC (6.24 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 5} electrons/pulse); a dramatic improvement compared to performance without pulse compression. Phase stability currently limits the impulse response of the UED diffractometer to the range of 334-500 fs, for bunch charges ranging between 0.1 and 0.6 pC.
Chatelain, Robert P.; Morrison, Vance R.; Godbout, Chris; Siwick, Bradley J. [Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Center for the Physics of Materials, McGill University, Montreal (Canada)
Apparatus and method for characterizing ultrafast polarization varying optical pulses
Practical techniques are described for characterizing ultrafast potentially ultraweak, ultrashort optical pulses. The techniques are particularly suited to the measurement of signals from nonlinear optical materials characterization experiments, whose signals are generally too weak for full characterization using conventional techniques.
Smirl, Arthur (1020 Cherry La. Northwest, Iowa City, IA 52240); Trebino, Rick P. (425 Mulqueeny St., Livermore, CA 94550)
The reduction of supersonic jet noise using pulsed microjet injection
This thesis is concerned with the active control of supersonic jet noise using pulsed microjet injection at the nozzle exit. Experimental investigations were carried out using this control method on an ideally expanded ...
Ragaller, Paul Aaron
An analog VLSI front end for pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry is a fast, noninvasive, easy-to-use, and continuous method for monitoring the oxygen saturation of a patient's blood. In modem medical practice, blood oxygen level is considered one of the important vital ...
Tavakoli Dastjerdi, Maziar, 1976-
Laser pulse-shape dependence of Compton scattering
Compton scattering of short and ultra short (sub-cycle) laser pulses off mildly relativistic electrons is considered within a QED framework. The temporal shape of the pulse is essential for the differential cross section as a function of the energy of the scattered photon at fixed observation angle. The partly integrated cross section is sensitive to the non-linear dynamics resulting in a large enhancement of the cross section for short and, in particular, for ultra-short flat-top pulse envelopes which can reach several orders of magnitude, as compared with the case of a long pulse. Such effects can be studied experimentally and must be taken into account in Monte-Carlo/transport simulations of %$e^+e^-$ pair production in the interaction of electrons and photons in a strong laser field.
Alexander I. Titov; Burkhard Kampfer; Takuya Shibata; Atsushi Hosaka; Hideaki Takabe
atlas pulsed power: Topics by E-print Network
Power Electronics The Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics started as a Plasma research group at Texas Tech University in 1966. The initial work was concerned with har-...
army pulse radiation: Topics by E-print Network
ultrashort laser pulses is one of the most attractive topics in relativistic laser-plasma research. We report protonion acceleration in the intensity range of 5x1019 Wcm2 to...
Improvements in magnetic resonance imaging excitation pulse design
This thesis focuses on the design of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radio-frequency (RF) excitation pulses, and its primary contributions are made through connections with the novel multiple-system single-output (MSSO) ...
Zelinski, Adam Charles
Contrast from rotating frame relaxation by adiabatic pulses
This document discusses, among other things, a system and method for modulating transverse and longitudinal relaxation time contrast in a rotating frame based on a train of radio frequency pulses.
Michaeli, Shalom (St. Paul, MN); Garwood, Michael G. (Medina, MN); Ugurbil, Kamil (Minneapolis, MN); Sorce, Dennis J. (Cockeysville, MD)
arterial pulse wave: Topics by E-print Network
Cloning and trapping of magnetostatic spin-wave pulses by parametric pumping Kevin R. Smith,1 media,3 phase noise re- duction in crystal oscillators,4 theoretical production of...
aortic pulse wave: Topics by E-print Network
Seismic Pulses Derivation from the Study of Source Signature Characteristics
This paper deals with a deterministic technique for the derivation of seismic pulses by the study of source characteristics. The spectral characteristics of the directly or the nearest detected seismic signal is analyzed and considered as the principle source signature. Using this signature seismic pulses are derived with accurate time position in the seismic traces. The technique is applied on both synthetic and field refraction seismic traces. In both cases it has estimated that the accurate time shifts along with amplitude coefficients.
Rahman, Syed Mustafizur; Nawawi, M. N. Mohd.; Saad, Rosli [School of Physics, Univeristi Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang (Malaysia)
Linear induction accelerator and pulse forming networks therefor
A linear induction accelerator includes a plurality of adder cavities arranged in a series and provided in a structure which is evacuated so that a vacuum inductance is provided between each adder cavity and the structure. An energy storage system for the adder cavities includes a pulsed current source and a respective plurality of bipolar converting networks connected thereto. The bipolar high-voltage, high-repetition-rate square pulse train sets and resets the cavities.
Buttram, Malcolm T. (Sandia Park, NM); Ginn, Jerry W. (Albuquerque, NM)
This report summarizes results from pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid. The tests were conducted during FY 2007 and 2008 to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Tests were conducted at three geometric scales using noncohesive simulants, and the test data were used to develop models predicting two measures of mixing performance for full-scale WTP vessels. The models predict the cloud height (the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action) and the critical suspension velocity (the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids are suspended off the floor, though not fully mixed). From the cloud height, the concentration of solids at the pump inlet can be estimated. The predicted critical suspension velocity for lifting all solids is not precisely the same as the mixing requirement for 'disturbing' a sufficient volume of solids, but the values will be similar and closely related. These predictive models were successfully benchmarked against larger scale tests and compared well with results from computational fluid dynamics simulations. The application of the models to assess mixing in WTP vessels is illustrated in examples for 13 distinct designs and selected operational conditions. The values selected for these examples are not final; thus, the estimates of performance should not be interpreted as final conclusions of design adequacy or inadequacy. However, this work does reveal that several vessels may require adjustments to design, operating features, or waste feed properties to ensure confidence in operation. The models described in this report will prove to be valuable engineering tools to evaluate options as designs are finalized for the WTP. Revision 1 refines data sets used for model development and summarizes models developed since the completion of Revision 0.
Meyer, Perry A.; Bamberger, Judith A.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fort, James A.; Wells, Beric E.; Sundaram, S. K.; Scott, Paul A.; Minette, Michael J.; Smith, Gary L.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Greenwood, Margaret S.; Morgen, Gerald P.; Baer, Ellen BK; Snyder, Sandra F.; White, Michael K.; Piepel, Gregory F.; Amidan, Brett G.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro
Short pulse generation by laser slicing at NSLSII
We discuss an upgrade R&D project for NSLSII to generate sub-pico-second short x-ray pulses using laser slicing. We discuss its basic parameters and present a specific example for a viable design and its performance. Since the installation of the laser slicing system into the storage ring will break the symmetry of the lattice, we demonstrate it is possible to recover the dynamical aperture to the original design goal of the ring. There is a rapid growth of ultrafast user community interested in science using sub-pico-second x-ray pulses. In BNL's Short Pulse Workshop, the discussion from users shows clearly the need for a sub-pico-second pulse source using laser slicing method. In the proposal submitted following this workshop, NSLS team proposed both hard x-ray and soft x-ray beamlines using laser slicing pulses. Hence there is clearly a need to consider the R&D efforts of laser slicing short pulse generation at NSLSII to meet these goals.
Yu, L.; Blednykh, A.; Guo, W.; Krinsky, S.; Li, Y.; Shaftan, T.; Tchoubar, O.; Wang, G.; Willeke, F.; Yang, L.
Pipeline Agglomerator Design Problem: Applications of Population Balances R. B. Diemer, Jr. and S. H. Ehrman, 2003
to capture 75% of the particle mass in a cyclone separator having a cut size (dpc) of 24 micron with a grade them. You plan to use a combination of collectors, capturing the large agglomerates in a cyclone separator and the smaller particles in a baghouse. The bags are kept clean by regularly back pulsing them
Ehrman, Sheryl H.
Single-cycle radio-frequency pulse generation by an optoelectronic
Single-cycle radio-frequency pulse generation by an optoelectronic oscillator Etgar C. Levy,1-locking of an optoelectronic oscillator which generates a single-cycle radio-frequency pulse train. The measured pulse to pulse by a passive mode-locked oscillator. The passive mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator is important
Horowitz, Moshe
Quasitransient backward Raman amplification of powerful laser pulses in dense plasmas with multicharged ions
are found. The calculation, applicable to infrared, ultraviolet, soft x-ray, and x-ray laser pulses, takes technique is also applicable to shorter wavelength laser pulses including x-ray pulses for which CPA cannotQuasitransient backward Raman amplification of powerful laser pulses in dense plasmas
Proposal for study of $\\pi^{-}$ nucleur collisions in nuclear emulsion exposed in a pulsed magnetic field
Proposal for study of $\\pi^{-}$ nucleur collisions in nuclear emulsion exposed in a pulsed magnetic field
CERN. Geneva. SPS Experiments Committee
Pulsed mid-infrared radiation from spectral broadening in laser wakefield simulations
Spectral red-shifting of high power laser pulses propagating through underdense plasma can be a source of ultrashort mid-infrared (MIR) radiation. During propagation, a high power laser pulse drives large amplitude plasma waves, depleting the pulse energy. At the same time, the large amplitude plasma wave provides a dynamic dielectric response that leads to spectral shifting. The loss of laser pulse energy and the approximate conservation of laser pulse action imply that spectral red-shifts accompany the depletion. In this paper, we investigate, through simulation, the parametric dependence of MIR generation on pulse energy, initial pulse duration, and plasma density.
Zhu, W.; Palastro, J. P.; Antonsen, T. M. [IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740 (United States)] [IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740 (United States)
Cost-effective particulate control options at Potomac Electric Power Company's Dickerson Station: An integrated approach to current and future particulate limits
The Dickerson Generating Station evaluated several particulate control options to identify the most cost-effective option. The study's goals were to: eliminate the particulate scrubber and its high maintenance costs, and incorporate flexibility for low-sulfur coal and possible stricter emission limits. Each of the three Dickerson 190 MW units has a small 37-year-old electrostatic precipitator and a wet particulate scrubber. The study evaluated alternatives to replace the scrubber and enhance ESP performance: Existing ESP alternatives--Extend height of existing ESP; Flue gas conditioning. Scrubber stream alternatives--Partial-flow ESP or pulse jet baghouse. Full-flow alternatives--Supplemental ESP; COHPAC baghouse; replacement ESP or baghouse. A technical and economic prescreening eliminated some of the options. Capital, operating, and life cycle costs were estimated for the remaining options to determine the most cost-effective alternative. This paper will present the technical and economic evaluations done for this study, including performance and costs.
Christoffersen, S.W.; Rouse, G.T.; Krasnopoler, M.J.; Chapowski, J.A.
Physics of Giant ElectroMagnetic Pulse generation in short pulse laser experiments
In this paper we describe the physical processes that lead to the generation of Giant Electro- Magnetic Pulses (GEMP) on powerful laser facilities. Our study is based on experimental mea- surements of both the charging of a solid target irradiated by an ultra-short, ultra-intense laser and the detection of the electromagnetic emission in the GHz domain. An unambiguous correlation between the neutralisation current in the target holder and the electromagnetic emission shows that the source of the GEMP is the remaining positive charge inside the target after the escape of fast electrons accelerated by the ultra-intense laser. A simple model for calculating this charge in the thick target case is presented. From this model and knowing the geometry of the target holder, it becomes possible to estimate the intensity and the dominant frequencies of the GEMP on any facility.
Poy�, Alexandre; Bailly-Grandvaux, Mathieu; Dubois, Jean-Luc; Ribolzi, J�r�me; Raffestin, Didier; Bardon, Matthieu; Lubrano-Lavaderci, Fr�d�ric; D'Humi�res, Emmanuel; Santos, Joao Jorge; Nicola�, Philippe; Tikhonchuk, Vladimir
Die Civil Academy ist ein gemeinsames Programm von BBE und BP Europa SE. Trger und Veranstalter der Civil Academy ist die BBE Geschftsstelle gemeinntzige GmbH.
Die Civil Academy ist ein gemeinsames Programm von BBE und BP Europa SE. Tr�ger und Veranstalter der Civil Academy ist die BBE Gesch�ftsstelle gemeinn�tzige GmbH. Ausschreibung der 18. Civil Academy Civil Academy � Gutes auch gut tun! Du willst mit einer kreativen Idee die Welt zum Besseren ver�ndern
Reyle, Uwe
The BP Oil Spill: One Year Later College Station, September 19 The Mosbacher Institute brought together an expert panel to discuss
The BP Oil Spill: One Year Later College Station, September 19 � The Mosbacher Institute brought at the Macondo oil well last year. The panel spoke to an audience of some 70 faculty and students at the Bush for the discussion, Jim Griffin reminded the audience that the oil spill that began on April 20, 2010 is the largest
Boas, Harold P.
Pulsed power supply for three APS septum magnets
Three septum magnets will be operated at a repetition-rate of 2 Hz. Two of the septum magnets are identical and operate at the same values; these are the synchrotron extraction and the storage ring injection magnets. They are transformer septum magnets, with a primary inductance of 23 {mu}H and resistance of 6.3 m{Omega}, and must be pulsed at a 2 Hz rate to extract beam from the synchrotron and inject beam into the storage ring at 7.7 GeV. The third septum magnet is used to inject electrons into the synchrotron at 650 MeV or positrons at 450 MeV. It is also a transformer septum magnet, with a primary inductance of 21 {mu}H and resistance of 6.7 m{Omega}, and must be pulsed at a 2 Hz rate. A design study was performed of the power supply proposed in the APS Title I design. This supply produces a pulse that is approximately a half-sine-wave with a base width of approximately 1/3 ms; its peakcurrent is adjustable from 470 A to 4.7 kA and is repeatable within {plus_minus}0.05%. The septum steel is reset by a half-sine pulse of reverse polarity a few milliseconds after the forward current pulse. No beam is present during reset. The use of the transformer design minimizes the cost of the capacitors used for energy storage.
McGhee, D.G.
Measuring ultrashort pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating
The purpose of this program is the development of techniques for the measurement of ultrafast events important in gas-phase combustion chemistry. Specifically, goals of this program include the development of fundamental concepts and spectroscopic techniques that will augment the information currently available with ultrafast laser techniques. Of equal importance is the development of technology for ultrafast spectroscopy. For example, methods for the production and measurement of ultrashort pulses at wavelengths important for these studies is an important goal. Because the specific vibrational motion excited in a molecule depends sensitively on the intensity, I(t), and the phase, {psi}(t), of the ultrashort pulse used to excite the motion, it is critical to measure both of these quantities for an individual pulse. Unfortunately, this has remained an unsolved problem for many years. Fortunately, this year, the authors present a technique that achieves this goal.
Trebino, R. [Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA (United States)
Ultra-bright pulsed electron beam with low longitudinal emittance
A high-brightness pulsed electron source, which has the potential for many useful applications in electron microscopy, inverse photo-emission, low energy electron scattering experiments, and electron holography has been described. The source makes use of Cs atoms in an atomic beam. The source is cycled beginning with a laser pulse that excites a single Cs atom on average to a band of high-lying Rydberg nP states. The resulting valence electron Rydberg wave packet evolves in a nearly classical Kepler orbit. When the electron reaches apogee, an electric field pulse is applied that ionizes the atom and accelerates the electron away from its parent ion. The collection of electron wave packets thus generated in a series of cycles can occupy a phase volume near the quantum limit and it can possess very high brightness. Each wave packet can exhibit a considerable degree of coherence.
Zolotorev, Max (Oakland, CA)
Experimental validation of a high voltage pulse measurement method.
This report describes X-cut lithium niobate's (LiNbO3) utilization for voltage sensing by monitoring the acoustic wave propagation changes through LiNbO3 resulting from applied voltage. Direct current (DC), alternating current (AC) and pulsed voltage signals were applied to the crystal. Voltage induced shift in acoustic wave propagation time scaled quadratically for DC and AC voltages and linearly for pulsed voltages. The measured values ranged from 10 - 273 ps and 189 ps - 2 ns for DC and non-DC voltages, respectively. Data suggests LiNbO3 has a frequency sensitive response to voltage. If voltage source error is eliminated through physical modeling from the uncertainty budget, the sensor's U95 estimated combined uncertainty could decrease to ~0.025% for DC, AC, and pulsed voltage measurements.
Cular, Stefan; Patel, Nishant Bhupendra; Branch, Darren W.
Evaluation of Light-Triggered Thyristors for Pulsed Power Applications
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has many needs for high reliability, high peak current, high di/dt switches. Solid-state switch technology offers the demonstrated advantage of reliability under a variety of conditions. Light-triggered switches operate with a reduced susceptibility to electromagnetic interference commonly found within pulsed power environments. Despite the advantages, commercially available solid-state switches are not typically designed for the often extreme pulsed power requirements. Testing was performed to bound the limits of devices for pulsed power applications beyond the manufacturers specified ratings. To test the applicability of recent commercial light-triggered solid-state designs, an adjustable high current switch test stand was assembled. Results from testing and subsequent selected implementations are presented.
Tully, L K; Fulkerson, E S; Goerz, D A; Speer, R D
Vacancies in Al after pulsed electron beam melting
We have used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the retention of vacancies in Al after rapid melting and resolidification of a thin (approx. 3 ..mu..m) surface layer using a pulsed (approx.50 ns) electron beam. After pulsing and aging at room temperature, TEM examination showed dislocation loops, which are interpreted to be due to the coalescence of the quenched-in vacancies on )111) planes as is the case for the loops observed in earlier furnace quenching studies. Our results indicate that the rapid melting and resolidification leaves a high vacancy concentration (approx.100 ppm) in the resolidified Al. Heat transport calculations show that cooling rates for the pulse heated samples (approx.10/sup 8/ K/s) are much higher than those achieved by conventional quenching techniques (approx. 10/sup 4/ K/s).
Follstaedt, D.M.; Wampler, W.R.
Neutron and Gamma Ray Pulse Shape Discrimination with Polyvinyltoluene
The goal of this was research effort was to test the ability of two poly vinyltoluene research samples to produce recordable, distinguishable signals in response to gamma rays and neutrons. Pulse shape discrimination was performed to identify if the signal was generated by a gamma ray or a neutron. A standard figure of merit for pulse shape discrimination was used to quantify the gamma-neutron pulse separation. Measurements were made with gamma and neutron sources with and without shielding. The best figure of merit obtained was 1.77; this figure of merit was achieved with the first sample in response to an un-moderated 252Cf source shielded with 5.08 cm of lead.
Lintereur, Azaree T.; Ely, James H.; Stave, Jean A.; McDonald, Benjamin S.
Composition Pulse Time-Of-Flight Mass Flow Sensor
A device for measuring fluid flow rates over a wide range of flow rates (<1 nL/min to >10 .mu.L/min) and at pressures at least as great as 10,000 psi. The invention is particularly adapted for use in microfluidic systems. The device operates by producing compositional variations in the fluid, or pulses, that are subsequently detected downstream from the point of creation to derive a flow rate. Each pulse, comprising a small fluid volume, whose composition is different from the mean composition of the fluid, can be created by electrochemical means, such as by electrolysis of a solvent, electrolysis of a dissolved species, or electrodialysis of a dissolved ionic species. Measurements of the conductivity of the fluid can be used to detect the arrival time of the pulses, from which the fluid flow rate can be determined
Mosier, Bruce P. (San Francisco, CA); Crocker, Robert W. (Fremont, CA); Harnett, Cindy K. (Livermore, CA) l
Ultrafast stimulated Raman parallel adiabatic passage by shaped pulses
We present a general and versatile technique of population transfer based on {\\it parallel adiabatic passage} by femtosecond shaped pulses. Their amplitude and phase are specifically designed to optimize the adiabatic passage corresponding to parallel eigenvalues at all times. We show that this technique allows the robust adiabatic population transfer in a Raman system with the total pulse area as low as 3 $\\pi$, corresponding to a fluence of one order of magnitude below the conventional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process. This process of short duration, typically pico- and subpicosecond, is easily implementable with the modern pulse shaper technology and opens the possibility of ultrafast robust population transfer with interesting applications in quantum information processing.
G. Dridi; S. Guerin; V. Hakobyan; H. R. Jauslin; H. Eleuch
Method for mapping charge pulses in semiconductor radiation detectors
An efficient method for determining the distribution of charge pulses produced by semiconductor detectors is presented. The method is based on a quasi-steady-state model for semiconductor detector operation. A complete description of the model and underlying assumptions is given. Mapping of charge pulses is accomplished by solving an adjoint carrier continuity equation. The solution of the adjoint equation yields Green`s function, a time- and position-dependent map that contains all possible charge pulses that can be produced by the detector for charge generated at discrete locations (e.g., by gamma-ray interactions). Because the map is generated by solving a single, time-dependent problem, the potential for reduction in computational effort over direct mapping methods is significant, particularly for detectors with complex electrode structures. In this paper, the adjoint equation is derived and the mapping method is illustrated for a simple case.
Prettyman, T.H.
Classical and Quantum Dynamics of Free Electromagnetic Laser Pulses
We discuss the use of a class of exact finite energy solutions to the vacuum source free Maxwell equations as models for multi- and single cycle laser pulses in classical interaction with relativistic charged point particles. These solutions are classified in terms of their chiral content and their influence on particular charge configurations in space. The results of such classical interactions motivate a particular quantum description of a freely propagating laser pulse in terms of an effective quantum Hamiltonian. The classical chiral states that evolve according to the classical vacuum Maxwell equations are now replaced by quantized bi-qutrit elements satisfying the Schrodinger equation. This description may offer a means to control and manipulate qu-trit states encoded into such laser pulses.
Goto, S; Walton, T J
On the role of terahertz field acceleration and beaming of surface plasmon generated ultrashort electron pulses
A mechanism for control of the energy and pitch angle of surface plasmon accelerated electron pulses is proposed. Electrons generated via multi-photon absorption in a silver film on a glass prism are ponderomotively accelerated in the surface plasmon field excited by a 30 fs, 800?nm optical pulse. Through introduction of a single-cycle terahertz (THz) pulse, the energy spectrum and trajectory of the generated electron pulse can be controlled via the THz field strength. Generated electron pulses achieve peak kinetic energies up to 1.56?keV, while utilizing an incident optical field strength five times less than comparable plasmon accelerated electron pulses. These results demonstrate that THz pulses can be utilized to achieve tunable, high energy, trajectory controlled electron pulses necessary for various applications that require ultrafast electron pulse manipulation.
Greig, S. R., E-mail: email@example.com; Elezzabi, A. Y., E-mail: email@example.com [Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2V4 (Canada)
Pulsed homodyne Gaussian quantum tomography with low detection efficiency
Pulsed homodyne quantum tomography usually requires a high detection efficiency limiting its applicability in quantum optics. Here, it is shown that the presence of low detection efficiency ($<50\\%$) does not prevent the tomographic reconstruction of quantum states of light, specifically, of Gaussian type. This result is obtained by applying the so-called "minimax" adaptive reconstruction of the Wigner function to pulsed homodyne detection. In particular, we prove, by both numerical and real experiments, that an effective discrimination of different Gaussian quantum states can be achieved. Our finding paves the way to a more extensive use of quantum tomographic methods, even in physical situations in which high detection efficiency is unattainable.
Martina Esposito; Fabio Benatti; Roberto Floreanini; Stefano Olivares; Francesco Randi; Kelvin Titimbo; Marco Pividori; Fabio Novelli; Federico Cilento; Fulvio Parmigiani; Daniele Fausti
Small plasma focus as neutron pulsed source for nuclides identification
In this paper, we present preliminary results on the feasibility of employing a low energy (2 kJ, 31 kV) plasma focus device as a portable source of pulsed neutron beams (2.45 MeV) generated by nuclear fusion reactions D-D, for the �in situ� analysis of substances by nuclear activation. This source has the relevant advantage of being pulsed at requirement, transportable, not permanently radioactive, without radioactive waste, cheap, among others. We prove the feasibility of using this source showing several spectra of the characteristic emission line for manganese, gold, lead, and silver.
Milanese, M.; Moroso, R.; Barbaglia, M. [Centro de Investigaciones en F�sica e Ingenier�a del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Pinto 399, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires (Argentina) [Centro de Investigaciones en F�sica e Ingenier�a del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Pinto 399, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Pinto 399, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Niedbalski, J. [CONICET(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient�ficas y T�cnicas), Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires (Argentina)] [CONICET(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient�ficas y T�cnicas), Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Mayer, R. [CNEA (Comisi�n Nacional de Energ�a At�mica), Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro (Argentina)] [CNEA (Comisi�n Nacional de Energ�a At�mica), Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro (Argentina); Castillo, F. [UNAM (Universidad Nacional Aut�noma de M�xico)�Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delg. Coyoac�n, P.O. Box 70-543, M�xico DF (Mexico)] [UNAM (Universidad Nacional Aut�noma de M�xico)�Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delg. Coyoac�n, P.O. Box 70-543, M�xico DF (Mexico); Guich�n, S. [Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Pinto 399, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires (Argentina)] [Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Pinto 399, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires (Argentina)
The high-speed after pulse measurement system for PMT
A system employing a desktop FADC has been developed to investigate the features of 8 inches Hamamatsu PMT. The system stands out for its high-speed and informative results as a consequence of adopting fast waveform sampling technology. Recording full waveforms allows us to perform digital signal processing, pulse shape analysis, and precision timing extraction. High precision after pulse time and charge distribution characteristics are presented in this manuscript. Other photomultipliers characteristics, such as dark rate and transit time spread, can also be obtained by exploiting waveform analysis using this system.
Yaping Cheng; Sen Qian; Zhe Ning; Jingkai Xia; Wenwen Wang; Yifang Wang; Jun Cao; Xiaoshan Jiang; Zheng Wang; Xiaonan Li; Ming Qi; Yuekun Heng; Shulin Liu; Xiangcui Lei; Zhi Wu
Electron beam accelerator with magnetic pulse compression and accelerator switching
An electron beam accelerator is described comprising an electron beam generator-injector to produce a focused beam of greater than or equal to .1 MeV energy electrons; a plurality of substantially identical, aligned accelerator modules to sequentially receive and increase the kinetic energies of the beam electron by about .1-1 MeV per module. Each accelerator module includes a pulse-forming network that delivers a voltage pulse to the module of substantially .1-1 MeV maximum energy over a time duration of less than or equal to 1 ..mu..sec.
Birx, D.L.; Reginato, L.L.
Pulsed particle beam vacuum-to-air interface
A vacuum-to-air interface is provided for a high-powered, pulsed particle beam accelerator. The interface comprises a pneumatic high speed gate valve, from which extends a vacuum-tight duct, that terminates in an aperture. Means are provided for periodically advancing a foil strip across the aperture at the repetition rate of the particle pulses. A pneumatically operated hollow sealing band urges foil strip, when stationary, against and into the aperture. Gas pressure means periodically lift off and separate foil strip from aperture, so that it may be readily advanced. 5 figs.
Cruz, G.E.; Edwards, W.F.
Rise Time Measurement for Ultrafast X-Ray Pulses
A pump-probe scheme measures the rise time of ultrafast x-ray pulses. Conventional high speed x-ray diagnostics (x-ray streak cameras, PIN diodes, diamond PCD devices) do not provide sufficient time resolution to resolve rise times of x-ray pulses on the order of 50 fs or less as they are being produced by modern fast x-ray sources. Here, we are describing a pump-probe technique that can be employed to measure events where detector resolution is insufficient to resolve the event. The scheme utilizes a diamond plate as an x-ray transducer and a p-polarized probe beam.
Celliers, Peter M.; Weber, Franz A.; Moon, Stephen J.
Giant Pulses in Pulsar PSR J1752+2359
We report the detection of Giant Pulses (GPs) in the pulsar PSR J1752+2359. The energy of the strongest GP exceeds the energy of the average pulse by a factor of 200, in which it stands out from all known pulsars with GPs. PSR J1752+2359 as well as the previously detected PSR B0031-07 and PSR B1112+50, belongs to the first group of pulsars found to have GPs without a high magnetic field at the light cylinder.
A. A. Ershov; A. D. Kuzmin
Optical Damage Threshold of Silicon for Ultrafast Infrared Pulses
We present measurements of the optical damage threshold of crystalline silicon in air for ultrafast pulses in the near infrared. The wavelengths tested span a range from the telecommunications band at 1550 nm, extending to 2260 nm. We discuss the motivation for the measurements and give theoretical context. We then describe the experimental setup, diagnostics, and procedure. The results show a breakdown threshold of 0.2J/cm{sup 2} at 1550 nm and 1.06 ps FWHM pulse duration, and a weak dependence on wavelength.
Cowan, Benjamin M.; /Tech-X, Boulder /SLAC
Control of charge migration in molecules by ultrashort laser pulses
Due to electronic many-body effects, the ionization of a molecule can trigger ultrafast electron dynamics appearing as a migration of the created hole charge throughout the system. Here we propose a scheme for control of the charge migration dynamics with a single ultrashort laser pulse. We demonstrate by fully ab initio calculations on a molecule containing a chromophore and an amine moieties that simple pulses can be used for stopping the charge-migration oscillations and localizing the charge on the desired site of the system. We argue that this control may be used to predetermine the follow-up nuclear rearrangement and thus the molecular reactivity.
Nikolay V. Golubev; Alexander I. Kuleff
Golubev, Nikolay V
Rise time measurement for ultrafast X-ray pulses
Celliers, Peter M. (Berkeley, CA); Weber, Franz A. (Oakland, CA); Moon, Stephen J. (Tracy, CA)
Photoionisation loading of large Sr+ ion clouds with ultrafast pulses
This paper reports on photoionisation loading based on ultrafast pulses of singly-ionised strontium ions in a linear Paul trap. We take advantage of an autoionising resonance of Sr neutral atoms to form Sr+ by two-photon absorption of femtosecond pulses at a wavelength of 431nm. We compare this technique to electron-bombardment ionisation and observe several advantages of photoionisation. It actually allows the loading of a pure Sr+ ion cloud in a low radio-frequency voltage amplitude regime. In these conditions up to 4x10^4 laser-cooled Sr+ ions were trapped.
S�bastien Removille; Romain Dubessy; Quentin Glorieux; Samuel Guibal; Thomas Coudreau; Luca Guidoni; Jean-Pierre Likforman
Fabrication of polycrystalline thin films by pulsed laser processing
A method is disclosed for fabricating polycrystalline thin films on low-temperature (or high-temperature) substrates which uses processing temperatures that are low enough to avoid damage to the substrate, and then transiently heating select layers of the thin films with at least one pulse of a laser or other homogenized beam source. The pulse length is selected so that the layers of interest are transiently heated to a temperature which allows recrystallization and/or dopant activation while maintaining the substrate at a temperature which is sufficiently low to avoid damage to the substrate. This method is particularly applicable in the fabrication of solar cells. 1 fig.
Mitlitsky, F.; Truher, J.B.; Kaschmitter, J.L.; Colella, N.J.
A method for fabricating polycrystalline thin films on low-temperature (or high-temperature) substrates which uses processing temperatures that are low enough to avoid damage to the substrate, and then transiently heating select layers of the thin films with at least one pulse of a laser or other homogenized beam source. The pulse length is selected so that the layers of interest are transiently heated to a temperature which allows recrystallization and/or dopant activation while maintaining the substrate at a temperature which is sufficiently low to avoid damage to the substrate. This method is particularly applicable in the fabrication of solar cells.
Mitlitsky, Fred (Livermore, CA); Truher, Joel B. (San Rafael, CA); Kaschmitter, James L. (Pleasanton, CA); Colella, Nicholas J. (Livermore, CA)
Chirped pulse excitation of two-atom Rydberg states
We analyze excitation of two ground state atoms to a double Rydberg state by a two-photon chirped optical pulse in the regime of adiabatic rapid passage. For intermediate Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strengths, relevant for atoms separated by $\\sim$ten $\\mu$m, adiabatic excitation can be achieved at experimentally feasible Rabi frequencies and chirp rates of the pulses, resulting in high transfer efficiencies. We also study the adiabatic transfer between ground and Rydberg states as a means to realize a controlled phase gate between atomic qubits.
Kuznetsova, Elena
Method and means of transmitting and receiving broad-band unipolar, ultrasonic pulses for ultrasonic inspection
The invention includes a means and method for transmitting and receiving broadband, unipolar, ultrasonic pulses for ultrasonic inspection. The method comprises generating a generally unipolar ultrasonic stress pulse from a low impedance voltage pulse transmitter along a low impedance electrical pathway to an ultrasonic transducer, and receiving the reflected echo of the pulse by the transducer, converting it to a voltage signal, and passing it through a high impedance electrical pathway to an output. The means utilizes electrical components according to the method. The means and method allow a single transducer to be used in a pulse/echo mode, and facilitates alternatingly transmitting and receiving the broadband, unipolar, ultrasonic pulses. 25 figures.
Thompson, D.O.; Hsu, D.K.
Design concepts for a pulse power test facility to simulate EMP surges. Part II. Slow pulses
The work described in this report was sponsored by the Division of Electric Energy Systems (EES) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) through a subcontract with the Power Systems Technology Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The work deals with the effect of high altitude nuclear bursts on electric power systems. In addition to fast voltage transients, slow, quasi-dc currents are also induced into extended power systems with grounded neutral connections. Similar phenomena at lower magnitude are generated by solar induced electromagnetic pulses (EMP). These have caused power outages, related to solar storms, at northern latitudes. The applicable utility experience is reviewed in order to formulate an optimum approach to future testing. From a wide variety of options two pulser designs were selected as most practical, a transformer-rectifier power supply, and a lead acid battery pulser. both can be mounted on a trailer as required for field testing on utility systems. The battery system results in the least cost. Testing on power systems requires that the dc pulser pass high values of alternating current, resulting from neutral imbalance or from potential fault currents. Batteries have a high ability to pass alternating currents. Most other pulser options must be protected by an ac bypass in the form of an expensive capacitor bank. 8D truck batteries can meet the original specification of 1 kA test current. Improved batteries for higher discharge currents are available.
Dethlefsen, R.
/mechanical property changes experiment for baseline materials Carbon-Carbon composite This low-Z composite gives;PHASE I: Graphite & Carbon-Carbon Targets #12;E951 Results: ATJ Graphite vs. Carbon-Carbon CompositePLAN MATERIAL STUDIES FOR PULSED HIGH-INTENSITY PROTON BEAM TARGETS Nicholas Simos, Harold Kirk
McDonald, Kirk
Publish date: 06/27/2011 ECE 4345: Pulsed Power
(gas, vacuum, liquid, solid, and surface) - 3 hours High power switching (closing and opening) - 5Publish date: 06/27/2011 ECE 4345: Pulsed Power Credit / Contact hours: 3 / 3 Course coordinator: Hermann Krompholz Textbook(s) and/or other required material: Pai and Zhang, Introduction to High Power
Gelfond, Michael
Simultaneous Irradiation and Imaging of Blood Vessels During Pulsed
energy produced hemorrhage. In larger vessels, coagula often were attached to the superficial vessel wall; port wine stains INTRODUCTION Previous studies examining the effect of la- ser irradiation on cutaneous preparation. The short pulse duration illus- trated an extreme; energy was deposited quickly Contract grant
Barton, Jennifer K.
Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Spin Echoes MIT Department of Physics
Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Spin Echoes MIT Department of Physics (Dated: February 5, 2014) In this experiment, the phenomenon of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is used to determine the magnetic moments-factor in atomic spectroscopy and is given by g = (µ/µN )/I, (2) and µN is the nuclear magneton, e /2mp
Seager, Sara
Response of GaAs to fast intense laser pulses
Motivated by recent experiments, we have performed simulations which show in detail how the electrons and ions in GaAs respond to fast intense laser pulses (with durations of order 100 fs and intensities of order 1-10 TW/cm(2)). The method of tight...
Graves, JS; Allen, Roland E.
Analysis of confocal microscopy under ultrashort light-pulse illumination
The resolution of confocal laser scanning microscopes is analyzed if they are used in measurements that are to combine high spatial and high temporal resoltuion. A generalized Fourier-optical treatment is developed in which the system characteristics contain all necessary information regarding the optical arrangement and the illuminating light pulses. Coherent and incoherent imaging are considered in detail. 10 refs., 8 figs.
Kempe, M.; Rudolph, W. (Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque (United States))
Long Pulse Fusion Physics Experiments Without Superconducting Electromagnets
. It is also an excellent electrical insulator. 6 1 1 0 5 0 100 150 200 250 300 Electrical Resistivity Vs a costly electric power system capability. But since resistive power is proportional to conductor for intermittent long pulse operation can greatly reduce resistive electric power consumption, which eases the heat
electrical insulator. 6 1 10 50 100 150 200 250 300 Electrical Resistivity Vs. Temperature for BeCu (High electric power system capability. But since resistive power is proportional to conductor resistivity (see pulse operation can greatly reduce resistive electric power consumption, which eases the heat removal
Proposal for a High-Brightness Pulsed Electron Source
We propose a novel scheme for a high-brightness pulsed electron source, which has the potential for many useful applications in electron microscopy, inverse photo-emission, low energy electron scattering experiments, and electron holography. A description of the proposed scheme is presented.
Zolotorev, M.; Commins, E.D.; Heifets, S.; Sannibale, F.; /LBL, Berkeley /UC, Berkeley /SLAC
Quantum Communication with Continuum Single-Photon Pulses
In this work, we analyze the behavior of continuum single-photon pulses in some quantum communication schemes. In particular, we consider the single-photon interference in a Mach-Zenhder interferometer, the HOM interference and the quantum bit commitment protocol.
F. F. S. Rios; R. V. Ramos
SPEECH ENHANCEMENT USING MULTI--PULSE EXCITED LINEAR PREDICTION SYSTEM K.K. PALIWAL Computer enhancement. It is shown that for successful enhancement of speech the error--weighting filter should of enhancing speech corrupted by additive white noise, when only noisy speech is available, is of considerable
Vacuum electron acceleration by using two variable frequency laser pulses
A method is proposed for producing a relativistic electron bunch in vacuum via direct acceleration by using two frequency-chirped laser pulses. We consider the linearly polarized frequency-chiped Hermit-Gaussian 0, 0 mode lasers with linear chirp in which the local frequency varies linearly in time and space. Electron motion is investigated through a numerical simulation using a three-dimensional particle trajectory code in which the relativistic Newton's equations of motion with corresponding Lorentz force are solved. Two oblique laser pulses with proper chirp parameters and propagation angles are used for the electron acceleration along the z-axis. In this way, an electron initially at rest located at the origin could achieve high energy, ?=319 with the scattering angle of 1.02{sup ?} with respect to the z-axis. Moreover, the acceleration of an electron in different initial positions on each coordinate axis is investigated. It was found that this mechanism has the capability of producing high energy electron microbunches with low scattering angles. The energy gain of an electron initially located at some regions on each axis could be greatly enhanced compared to the single pulse acceleration. Furthermore, the scattering angle will be lowered compared to the acceleration by using laser pulses propagating along the z-axis.
Saberi, H.; Maraghechi, B. [Department of Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413 Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)] [Department of Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, 15875-4413 Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Pulse Cable for TESLA Modulators Hans-Jrg Eckoldt
to the radiation inside the TESLA tunnel and the accessibility of the units the power part of the modulators shall be installed into the service halls. However the transformer tank and the klystrons have to be inside ..........................................................................................................................8 #12;1 Introduction Modulators are used to generate the pulsed power for the klystrons
Hand-held pulse-train-analysis instrument
A portable hand-held pulse-train-analysis instrument uses a number-oriented microprocessor sequenced by a single component microprocessor. The incorporation of new CMOS integrated circuits makes possible complex analysis in a small, easily operated, battery-powered unit. The instrument solves an immediate problem with threshold setting of plastic scintillators and promises numerous other applications.
Nixon, K.V.; Garcia, C.
Composition pulse time-of-flight mass flow sensor
A device for measuring fluid flow rates over a wide range of flow rates (<1 nL/min to >10 .mu.L/min) and at pressures at least as great as 2,000 psi. The invention is particularly adapted for use in microfluidic systems. The device operates by producing compositional variations in the fluid, or pulses, that are subsequently detected downstream from the point of creation to derive a flow rate. Each pulse, comprising a small fluid volume, whose composition is different from the mean composition of the fluid, can be created by electrochemical means, such as by electrolysis of a solvent, electrolysis of a dissolved species, or electrodialysis of a dissolved ionic species. Measurements of the conductivity of the fluid can be used to detect the arrival time of the pulses, from which the fluid flow rate can be determined. A pair of spaced apart electrodes can be used to produce the electrochemical pulse. In those instances where it is desired to measure a wide range of fluid flow rates a three electrode configuration in which the electrodes are spaced at unequal distances has been found to be desirable.
Harnett, Cindy K. (Livermore, CA); Crocker, Robert W. (Fremont, CA); Mosier, Bruce P. (San Francisco, CA); Caton, Pamela F. (Berkeley, CA); Stamps, James F. (Livermore, CA)
Practical techniques are described for characterizing ultrafast potentially ultraweak, ultrashort optical pulses. The techniques are particularly suited to the measurement of signals from nonlinear optical materials characterization experiments, whose signals are generally too weak for full characterization using conventional techniques. 2 figs.
Smirl, A.; Trebino, R.P.
Pulsed laser planarization of metal films for multilevel interconnects
Multilevel interconnect schemes for integrated circuits generally require one or more planarization steps, in order to maintain an acceptably flat topography for lithography and thin-film step coverage on the higher levels. Traditional approaches have involved planarization of the interlevel insulation (dielectric) layers, either by spin-on application (e.g., polyimide), or by reflow (e.g., phosphosilicate glass). We have pursued an alternative approach, in which each metal level is melted (hence planarized) using a pulsed laser prior to patterning. Short (approx.1 ..mu..s) pulses are used to preclude undesirable metallurgical reactions between the film, adhesion or barrier layer, and dielectric layer. Laser planarization of metals is particularly well suited to multilevel systems which include ground or power planes. Results are presented for planarization of gold films on SiO/sub 2/ dielectric layers using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser. The pulse duration is approx.1 ..mu..s, which allows the heat pulse to uniformly penetrate the gold while not penetrating substantially through the underlying SiO/sub 2/ (hence not perturbing the lower levels of metal). Excellent planarization of the gold films is achieved (less than 0.1 ..mu..m surface roughness, even starting with extreme topographic variations), as well as improved conductivity. To demonstrate the process, numerous planarized two-layer structures (transmission lines under a ground plane) were fabricated and characterized. 9 refs., 2 figs.
Tuckerman, D.B.; Schmitt, R.L.
Pulse Energy Typical Curve Validation Draft December 15, 2011
processes, technologies for building energy performance monitoring, smart buildings, ongoing commissioning-based energy information system (EIS) software for commercial buildings. One distinguishing aspect of the Pulse to advance the deployment of EIS, which are capable of enabling up to 20% reductions in building energy use
Polarization operator approach to pair creation in short laser pulses
Short-pulse effects are investigated for the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process, i.e. the production of an electron-positron pair induced by a gamma photon inside an intense plane-wave laser pulse. To obtain the total pair-creation probability we verify (to leading-order) the cutting rule for the polarization operator in the realm of strong-field QED by an explicit calculation. Using a double-integral representation for the leading-order contribution to the polarization operator, compact expressions for the total pair-creation probability inside an arbitrary plane-wave background field are derived. Correspondingly, the photon wave function including leading-order radiative corrections in the laser field is obtained via the Schwinger-Dyson equation in the quasistatic approximation. Moreover, the influence of the carrier-envelope phase and of the laser pulse shape on the total pair-creation probability in a linearly polarized laser pulse is investigated, and the validity of the (local) constant-crossed field approximation analyzed. It is shown that with presently available technology pair-creation probabilities of the order of ten percent could be reached for a single gamma photon.
Sebastian Meuren; Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan; Christoph H. Keitel; Antonino Di Piazza
The Theta Laser A Low Noise Chirped Pulse Laser
The Theta Laser A Low Noise Chirped Pulse Laser Dimitrios Mandridis firstname.lastname@example.com April 29, 2011 CREOL Affiliates Day 2011 #12;2 Objective: Frequency Swept (FM) Mode-locked Laser · Develop a frequency swept laser, · linear f-sweep, · uniform-intensity, · low noise, · with long-term stability
High dynamic range electric field sensor for electromagnetic pulse detection
, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Bldg 160 MER, Austin, TX-78758, USA 2 Omega Optics, Inc., Austin, TX, 78759, USA 3 These authors contribute equally to this work * raychen. References and links 1. P. Drexler and P. Fiala, "Methods for High-Power EM Pulse Measurement," IEEE Sens. J
Chen, Ray
Time resolved ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy of pulsed fluorocarbon plasmas
Time resolved ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy of pulsed fluorocarbon plasmas Brett A. Cruden.1063/1.1334936 I. INTRODUCTION The study of fluorocarbon plasmas is of great interest for their applications in silicon dioxide etching.1,2 Recently, at- tention has been paid to using fluorocarbon plasmas to pro- duce
Gleason, Karen K.
Applications of the Strong Heat Transformation by Pulse Flow in the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
This article deals with the heat exchange coefficient varied with pulse frequency in the pulsation tube with different flow forms. The findings show that heat can be exchanged coefficient with the pulse frequency, and it has an optimal frequency...
Chen, Y.; Zhao, J.
E-Print Network 3.0 - airborne pulse doppler Sample Search Results
pulse doppler Page: << < 1 2 3 4 5 > >> 1 JOINT DOMAIN LOCALIZEDPROCESSINGUSING MEASURED SPATIAL STEERINGVECTORS* Summary: by f , d sin OIL, f,2vLYdlPRF,where PRF is the pulse...
A case of lymphangioma circumscriptum successfully treated with electrodessication following failure of pulsed dye laser
treated with pulsed dye laser. Pediatr Dermatol . 2001 Nov-circumscriptum with tunable dye laser. Cutis . 1990 May;45(following failure of pulsed dye laser Jason Emer 1 MD, Jaime
Emer, Jason; Gropper, Jaime; Gallitano, Stephanie; Levitt, Jacob
PURDUE UNIVERSITY ULTRAFAST OPTICS AND OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY Femtosecond Pulse
as new pulse sequence processing functionalities. #12;PURDUE UNIVERSITY ULTRAFAST OPTICS AND OPTICAL UNIVERSITY ULTRAFAST OPTICS AND OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY CLEO 2002 One Guide One PulsePURDUE UNIVERSITY ULTRAFAST OPTICS AND OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY CLEO 2002
Nonlinear Phenomena Induced by Millijoule Femtosecond Laser Pulses at an Air-water Interface
transformation in water. We find that nonlinear femtosecond pulse propagation begins at a peak pulse intensity of about 1010 W/cm2. This experiment provides a convenient segway into the discussion and investigation of femtosecond laser filaments. We describe...
Strycker, Benjamin
High-Energy, Pulsed-Laser Diagnostics for Real-Time Measurements...
Energy, Pulsed-Laser Diagnostics for Real-Time Measurements of Reciprocating Engine PM Emissions High-Energy, Pulsed-Laser Diagnostics for Real-Time Measurements of Reciprocating...
Ultrafast optical pulse manipulation in three dimensional-resolved microscope imaging and microfabrication
The availability of lasers with femtosecond, ultrafast light pulses provides new opportunities and challenges in instrument design. This thesis addresses three aspects of utilizing ultrafast light pulses in two-photon ...
Kim, Daekeun, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
E-Print Network 3.0 - attosecond pulse metrology Sample Search...
12;If we use a normal laser pulse If one: Single attosecond... pulse If more than one: Train of attosecond ... Source: Van Stryland, Eric - School of Optics (CREOLE), University...
E-Print Network 3.0 - active rf pulse Sample Search Results
that the duty ratios of the pulse are kept large for small input. Then, an RF pulse train is generated by mixing... the modulated envelope with the phase modulated carrier. The...
Pimecrolimus 1 percent cream and pulsed dye laser in treatment of a patient with reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome
syndrome with the pulsed dye laser. Lasers Surg Med. 2001;treatment with pulsed dye laser. Br J Dermatol. 1999; 141:the flash lamp-pumped pulsed dye laser. Arch Dermatol. 1991;
Mansouri, Parvin; Farshi, Susan; Nahavandi, Arezo; Safaie-Naraghi, Zahra
Applications of Ultrafast Terahertz Pulses for Intra-Excitonic Spectroscopy of Quasi-2D Electron-Hole Gases
Applications of Ultrafast Terahertz Pulses for Intra-the utilization of ultrafast terahertz (THz) pulses for theUltrafast Terahertz� 250-kHz Ti:Sapphire Regenerative Amplifier System Pulse
Kaindl, Robert A.; Carnahan, Marc A.; Hagele, Daniel; Chemla, D.S.
Techniques for synchronization of X-Ray pulses to the pump laser in an ultrafast X-Ray facility
synchronization of ultrafast x-ray pulses produced in theAccurate timing of ultrafast x-ray probe pulses emitted fromOF X-RAY PULSES TO THE PUMP LASER IN AN ULTRAFAST X-RAY
Corlett, J.N.; Doolittle, L.; Schoenlein, R.; Staples, J.; Wilcox, R.; Zholents, A.
Inferior-Colliculus Responses to Amplitude-Modulated and Unmodulated Acoustic Tones and Cochlear-Implant Pulse Trains
and unmodulated pulse trains. J Acoust Soc Am 110, 368-79.desynchronizing pulse trains. J Acoust Soc Am 114, 2079-98.by high-frequency pulse trains of long duration. J Acoust
Schoenecker, Matthew Charles
Seoul National UniversitySeoul National University http://bp.snu.ac.kr1 The Effect of TiCl4-Treated TiO2
TiO2 Compact Layer on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell #12;Seoul National UniversitySeoul National University http://bp.snu.ac.kr Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 2 Schematic Diagram of the Electron Flow by the TiO2 compact layer. Electrolyte Hydrolysis of TiCl4 Solution Dye-Coated TiO2 Back Electron Transfere
DIGESTION OF BLOAT-CAUSING AND BLOAT-SAFE LEGUMES R.E. HOWARTH B.P. GOPLEN, J.P. FAY K.-J. CHENG digestion in the rumen. Howarth et a/. (1978) crushed leaves in a mortar and pestle and showed) on the digestion of bloat-safe and bloat-cau- sing forage legumes by rumen micro-orga- nisms. Material and Methods
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Self-starting ultralow-jitter pulse source based on coupled optoelectronic oscillators with an
Self-starting ultralow-jitter pulse source based on coupled optoelectronic oscillators, 2004 A self-starting optical pulse source based on mutually coupled optoelectronic oscillators optoelectronic oscillator with an intracavity fiber parametric amplifier. It self-starts and exhibits 3 ps pulses
Eisenstein, Gadi
High intensity picosecond Fourier limited pulses : design of a synchronously pumped dye laser system
527 High intensity picosecond Fourier limited pulses : design of a synchronously pumped dye laser picosecond pulses. A Nd : Yag picosecond laser is used to synchronously pump a dye oscillator/amplifier system. The dye oscillator is of the Littman type. Up to 1.5 mJ of energy is obtained in a 20 ps pulse
Approach for control of high-density plasma reactors through optimal pulse shaping*
Approach for control of high-density plasma reactors through optimal pulse shaping* Tyrone L and it relies on a physical model of the plasma reactor used in conjunction with an optimal control algorithm high-density plasma reactor. Optimal power input pulse shapes and pulsing frequencies are determined
Raja, Laxminarayan L.
Photon echoes and related four-wave-mixing spectroscopies using phase-locked pulses
. Combining two phase-locked pulse excitation with time-resolved detection of the spontaneous light emissionPhoton echoes and related four-wave-mixing spectroscopies using phase-locked pulses Minhaeng ChoRochester, Rochester, New York 14627 (Received 3 December 1991; accepted 6 January 1992) The use of phase-locked pulses
Scherer, Norbert F.
Analytic model of electron pulse propagation in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments
Analytic model of electron pulse propagation in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments A. M pulses used in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments UED . We assume a Gaussian form to characterize the electron pulse, and derive a system of ordinary differential equations that are solved quickly and easily
Sipe,J. E.
Ultrasensitive Nonlinear Measurements of Femtosecond Optical Pulses at 1.5 m by
to measure reference pulse #12;3Ultrafast Photonics Laboratory, National Tsing Hua University Outline Review by reference pulse measurement D. Fittinghoff, et. al., Opt. Lett., 1996 #12;5Ultrafast Photonics Laboratory pulses Only require slow (kHz) electronics #12;7Ultrafast Photonics Laboratory, National Tsing Hua
Numerical simulations of self-focusing of ultrafast laser pulses Gadi Fibich*
Numerical simulations of self-focusing of ultrafast laser pulses Gadi Fibich* School November 2002; published 7 May 2003 Simulation of nonlinear propagation of intense ultrafast laser pulses, space-time focusing, and self-steepening. Our simulations show that, after the asymmetric temporal pulse
Wang, Xiao-Ping
Coherent matter waves for ultrafast laser pulse characterization M. Winter, M. Wollenhaupt, T. Baumert *
Coherent matter waves for ultrafast laser pulse characterization M. Winter, M. Wollenhaupt, T for the characterization of ultrashort laser pulses using coherent matter waves is demonstrated. We emphasize the anal- ogy theoretically and experimentally and is the basis for our laser pulse character- ization technique. We use
Peinke, Joachim
Three envelope approach for ultrafast pulse characterization in a pump-probe experiment
Three envelope approach for ultrafast pulse characterization in a pump-probe experiment Balakishore of temporally identical ultrashort pulses at the focal point in a pump-probe experiment for potential use, fundamental, and second harmonic spectra, combined with an error minimization pulse retrieval scheme
Characterization of a liquid-crystal ultrafast pulse shaper for ultra-broadband applications
Characterization of a liquid-crystal ultrafast pulse shaper for ultra-broadband applications pulse shaping Spatial light modulators Ultrafast optics Femtosecond pulses a b s t r a c t By combining in revised form 22 January 2014 Accepted 28 January 2014 Available online 6 February 2014 Keywords: Ultrafast
Ultrafast control of donor-bound electron spins with single detuned optical pulses
LETTERS Ultrafast control of donor-bound electron spins with single detuned optical pulses KAI on microwave sources--can be attained with broadband optical pulses. One promising ultrafast technique uses single broadband pulses detuned from resonance in a three-level system4 . This technique is robust
Loss, Daniel
644 OPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 29, No. 6 / March 15, 2004 General ultrafast pulse measurement using the
644 OPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 29, No. 6 / March 15, 2004 General ultrafast pulse measurement using the cross-correlation single-shot sonogram technique Derryck T. Reid and Jesus Garduno-Mejia Ultrafast technique offers exact pulse measurement and real-time pulse monitoring via an intuitive time
Investigations of ultrafast nuclear response induced by resonant and nonresonant laser pulses
Investigations of ultrafast nuclear response induced by resonant and nonresonant laser pulses Anand by ultrashort laser pulses interacting with a two electronic level molecular system. Fully quantum mechanical to implement. The behavior of the first two moments with respect to various parameters such as the pulse
Kumar, Anand T.N.
Ultrafast Material Science Probed Using Coherent X-ray Pulses from High-Harmonic
Chapter 7 Ultrafast Material Science Probed Using Coherent X-ray Pulses from High science have made it possible to generate x-ray pulses at the femto- and attosecond frontiers using either-ray pulses paves the way for a completely new generation of experiments that can capture the coupled dynamics
Aeschlimann, Martin
Designer femtosecond pulses using adaptive J. Garduo-Meja, A. H. Greenaway and D. T. Reid
.5540) Pulse shaping , (320.7100) Ultrafast measurements References and Links 1. A. Weiner, "Pulse shapingDesigner femtosecond pulses using adaptive optics J. Garduño-Mejía, A. H. Greenaway and D. T. Reid Ultrafast Optics Group, Physics, David Brewster Building, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
A pulsed electron gun for ultrafast electron diffraction at surfaces A. Janzen,a
A pulsed electron gun for ultrafast electron diffraction at surfaces A. Janzen,a B. Krenzer, O The construction of a pulsed electron gun for ultrafast reflection high-energy electron diffraction experiments: a photocathode, consisting of a 10 nm thin Au film deposited onto a sapphire substrate. Electron pulses
von der Linde, D.
OPTI-583: Computational Optics I: Ultrafast pulses and strong-field light-matter interactions.
OPTI-583: Computational Optics I: Ultrafast pulses and strong-field light-matter interactions. Time-power femtosecond pulses. Prerequisites: Knowledge of basic electromagnetic theory (e.g. Phys-241). While previous that govern the interaction of ultrashort pulses with var- ious media, and the Numerical methods track
Arizona, University of
Generation of mega-electron-volt electron beams by an ultrafast intense laser pulse
Generation of mega-electron-volt electron beams by an ultrafast intense laser pulse Xiaofang Wang emission from the interaction of an ultrafast ( 29 fs), intense ( 1018 W/cm2 ) laser pulse with underdense of such an ultrafast laser pulse with matter and possible new approaches to MeV electron generation. In this paper we
Laser pulse control of ultrafast heterogeneous electron transfer: A computational study
Laser pulse control of ultrafast heterogeneous electron transfer: A computational study Luxia Wang on ultrafast HET given in Refs. 1416. In the following we will focus on the case where a tailored laser pulse, Germany Received 31 March 2004; accepted 30 July 2004 Laser pulse control of the photoinduced 90 fs charge
Röder, Beate
Control of ultrafast electron dynamics with shaped femtosecond laser pulses: from atoms to solids
Control of ultrafast electron dynamics with shaped femtosecond laser pulses: from atoms to solids;1. Introduction In coherent control shaped femtosecond laser pulses are used as a tool to steer the ultrafast focus on advanced control of ultrafast electron dynamics with shaped femtosecond laser pulses
Technology & Engineering Division 1DAQ for BNL 15 T Pulsed Magnet
Technology & Engineering Division 1DAQ for BNL 15 T Pulsed Magnet DATA ACQUISITION FOR PRE and Fusion Center October 17 � 19, 2005 #12;Technology & Engineering Division 2DAQ for BNL 15 T Pulsed Magnet & Engineering Division 4DAQ for BNL 15 T Pulsed Magnet Data Acquisition System Use 2 National Instrument NB
Data-driven fault detection and estimation in thermal pulse combustors
1097 Data-driven fault detection and estimation in thermal pulse combustors S Chakraborty1 of forthcoming failures and operational disruptions (e.g. flame extinction) in thermal pulse combustors. From on an experimentally validated simulation model of a generic thermal pulse combustor. Keywords: anomaly detection
Ray, Asok
Mathematical Modelling of a Pulse Combustor of the Helmholtz-type
Mathematical Modelling of a Pulse Combustor of the Helmholtz-type P.A. van Heerbeek August 2008 #12 Institute of Applied Mathematics Mathematical Modelling of a Pulse Combustor of the Helmholtz-type A thesis APPLIED MATHEMATICS "Mathematical Modelling of a Pulse Combustor of the Helmholtz-type" PIETER ANTHON VAN
Vuik, Kees
INDUCTION TIME EFFECTS IN PULSE COMBUSTORS \\Lambda Daniel L. Marcus y
INDUCTION TIME EFFECTS IN PULSE COMBUSTORS \\Lambda Daniel L. Marcus y Richard B. Pember John B of pulse combustor is based on a Helmholtz resonator -- a burn� ing cycle drives a resonant pressure wave a century ago, a full understanding of the operation of a pulse combustor still does not exist. The dominant
Anomaly detection in thermal pulse combustors using symbolic time series analysis
339 Anomaly detection in thermal pulse combustors using symbolic time series analysis S Gupta1 for anomaly detection in thermal pulse combustors. The anomaly detection method has been tested on the time pulse combustor. Results are presented to exemplify early detection of combustion instability due
Mathematical Modeling of a Pulse Combustor of the Helmholtz-type
Mathematical Modeling of a Pulse Combustor of the Helmholtz-type Interim Report P.A. van Heerbeek and Computer Science Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics Mathematical modeling of a pulse combustor of a pulse combustor of the Helmholtz-type Interim Report #12;#12;Preface This interim report is part of my
Temperature field analysis of single layer TiO{sub 2} film components induced by long-pulse and short-pulse lasers
To study the differences between the damaging of thin film components induced by long-pulse and short-pulse lasers, a model of single layer TiO{sub 2} film components with platinum high-absorptance inclusions was established. The temperature rises of TiO{sub 2} films with inclusions of different sizes and different depths induced by a 1 ms long-pulse and a 10 ns short-pulse lasers were analyzed based on temperature field theory. The results show that there is a radius range of inclusions that corresponds to high temperature rises. Short-pulse lasers are more sensitive to high-absorptance inclusions and long-pulse lasers are more easily damage the substrate. The first-damage decision method is drawn from calculations.
Wang Bin; Zhang Hongchao; Qin Yuan; Wang Xi; Ni Xiaowu; Shen Zhonghua; Lu Jian
The Earth-Moon CR3BP: A full Atlas of low-energy fast periodic transfer orbits
In the framework of the planar CR3BP for mass parameter mu=0.0121505, corresponding to the Earth-Moon system, we identify and describe 80 families of periodic orbits encircling both the Earth and the Moon ("transfer" orbits). All the orbits in these families have very low energies, most of them corresponding to values of the Jacobi constant C for which the Hill surface is closed at the Lagrangian point L2. All of these orbits have also short period T, generally under six months. Most of the families are composed of orbits that are asymmetric with respect to the Earth-Moon axis. The main results presented for each family are: (i) the characteristic curves T(h), y(h), v_y(h), and v_x(h) on the Poincare section Sigma_1={x=0.836915310,y,v_x>0,v_y} normal to the Earth-Moon axis at the Lagrangian point L1, parameterized by their energy h=-C/2 in the synodic coordinate system; (ii) the stability parameter along each family; (iii) the intersections x_i(h) of the orbits with the Earth-Moon axis, on the Poincare section Sigma_2={x,y=0,v_x},v_y>0}; (iv) plots of some selected orbits and details of their circumlunar region; and (v) numerical data for the intersection of an orbit with Sigma_1 at a reference value of h. Some possible extensions and applications of this work are also discussed.
Alejandro M. Leiva; Carlos B. Briozzo
Synchronization of x-ray pulses to the pump laser in an ultrafast x-ray facility
Accurate timing of ultrafast x-ray probe pulses emitted fromOF X-RAY PULSES TO THE PUMP LASER IN AN ULTRAFAST X-RAY
Corlett, J.N.; Barry, W.; Byrd, J.M.; Schoenlein, R.; Zholents, A.
BP Helios Project
parking and benefits for people that drive energy efficient vehicles and ride their bicycles to work ? For more details, go to: http://bpneighbors.com/helios-plaza 4 Helios Plaza: Redundant Power and Cooling ? 4.6 MW clean burning, natural gas... exhaust emissions ? 1,200 ton electric backup chiller ? 4,000 ton-hrs thermal energy storage (400,000 gallon tank of 40 degree chilled water) ? Two over-head power feeds from electric utility grid (as backup to turbine) ? Redundant power distribution...
Schoen, B.
Energy Conservation and BP
PRESSURE PILOT AIR PRESSURE MAIN COMBUSTION AIR FLOIol PREHEATED COMBUSTION AIR RECOMMENDED ?. 40"/0 RECOMMENDED ?. 40"/0 MAXIMUM TO BLOW-OFF POINT AMBIENT TO 300?C 3 CROSS LIGHTING PILOT TO MAIN BURNER NATURAL GAS BUTANE HEAVY FUEL OIL... refinery conditions under which the burner is likely to operate in terms of: - fuel gas quality (natural gas (NG), butane) - fuel oil quality (gas oil, 3500 sec, vacuum residue) low excess air (5%) flame stability at high turn down (4:1) low...
Partridge, R. W.
What's BP's social responsibility?
would like to suggest a third, inanimate culprit: the cult of corporate social responsibility. As crude poured into the Gulf of Mexico and the world economy struggled to recover from the financial crisis
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth7-1D: Vegetation Proposed Newcatalyst phases onOrganizationElectronic Reading RoomDOE-Wide NEPA Contractinga
BP-12 Final Proposal
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAboutScience Program CumulusA t iBudget2/4/139/4/2012 B O N NProposal Sign
BP-12 Rate Case
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAboutScience Program CumulusA t iBudget2/4/139/4/2012 B O N NProposal
BP-16 Rate Case
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE:1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel),Feet) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAtmospheric Optical Depth (AOD)ProductssondeadjustsondeadjustAboutScience Program CumulusA t iBudget2/4/139/4/2012 B O N
Fabrication of alkali halide UV photocathodes by pulsed laser deposition
A technique has been proposed for the fabrication of atmospheric corrosion resistant alkali halide UV photocathodes by pulsed laser deposition. We produced photocathodes with a highly homogeneous photoemissive layer well-adherent to the substrate. The photocathodes were mounted in a vacuum photodiode, and a tungsten grid was used as an anode. Using pulsed UV lasers, we carried out experiments aimed at evaluating the quantum efficiency of the photocathodes. With a dc voltage applied between the photocathode and anode grid, we measured a shunt signal proportional to the total charge emitted by the cathode exposed to UV laser light. The proposed deposition technique enables one to produce photocathodes with photoemissive layers highly uniform in quantum efficiency, which is its main advantage over thin film growth by resistive evaporation. (laser technologies)
Brendel', V M; Bukin, V V; Garnov, Sergei V; Bagdasarov, V Kh; Denisov, N N; Garanin, Sergey G; Terekhin, V A; Trutnev, Yurii A
Pulsed Magnetic Welding for Advanced Core and Cladding Steel
To investigate a solid-state joining method, pulsed magnetic welding (PMW), for welding the advanced core and cladding steels to be used in Generation IV systems, with a specific application for fuel pin end-plug welding. As another alternative solid state welding technique, pulsed magnetic welding (PMW) has not been extensively explored on the advanced steels. The resultant weld can be free from microstructure defects (pores, non-matallic inclusions, segregation of alloying elements). More specifically, the following objectives are to be achieved, 1) To design a suitable welding apparatus fixture, and optimize welding parameters for repeatable and acceptable joining of the fuel pin end-plug. The welding will be evaluated using tensile tests for lap joint weldments and helium leak tests for the fuel pin end-plug. 2) investigate the microstructural and mechanical properties changes in PMW weldments of proposed advanced core and cladding alloys. 3) Simulate the irradiation effects on the PWM weldments using ion irradiation.
Cao, Guoping; Yang, Yong
Pulsed hollow-cathode ion lasers: pumping and lasing parameters
Optimal discharge conditions have been experimentally found for ion lasers excited in the hollow-cathode discharge plasma by microsecond current pulses by pumping working atoms in secondkind collisions with ions and metastable buffer-gas atoms. Measurements of the output power of krypton ion and zinc-, cadmium-, mercury-, thallium-, copper-, and gallium-vapour lasers in tubes with cathodes of different diameters showed that the pulse power reaches several tens of watts, and the average power obtained with cathodes 2 cm in diameter and a length of 40 cm or more approaches 1 W. Lasing in most media is observed simultaneously at several lines (the multi-wavelength regime). Lasing on a three-component (He - Kr - Hg) mixture is realised in the multi-wavelength regime at blue, red, and IR lines.
Zinchenko, S P; Ivanov, I G
Long-laser-pulse method of producing thin films
A method of depositing thin films by means of laser vaporization employs a long-pulse laser (Nd-glass of about one millisecond duration) with a peak power density typically in the range 10.sup.5 -10.sup.6 W/cm.sup.2. The method may be used to produce high T.sub.c superconducting films of perovskite material. In one embodiment, a few hundred nanometers thick film of YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x is produced on a SrTiO.sub.3 crystal substrate in one or two pulses. In situ-recrystallization and post-annealing, both at elevated temperature and in the presence of an oxidizing agen The invention described herein arose in the course of, or under, Contract No. DE-C03-76SF0098 between the United States Department of Energy and the University of California.
Balooch, Mehdi (Berkeley, CA); Olander, Donald K. (Berkeley, CA); Russo, Richard E. (Walnut Creek, CA)
Chirped pulse inverse free-electron laser vacuum accelerator
A chirped pulse inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) vacuum accelerator for high gradient laser acceleration in vacuum. By the use of an ultrashort (femtosecond), ultrahigh intensity chirped laser pulse both the IFEL interaction bandwidth and accelerating gradient are increased, thus yielding large gains in a compact system. In addition, the IFEL resonance condition can be maintained throughout the interaction region by using a chirped drive laser wave. In addition, diffraction can be alleviated by taking advantage of the laser optical bandwidth with negative dispersion focusing optics to produce a chromatic line focus. The combination of these features results in a compact, efficient vacuum laser accelerator which finds many applications including high energy physics, compact table-top laser accelerator for medical imaging and therapy, material science, and basic physics.
Hartemann, Frederic V. (Dublin, CA); Baldis, Hector A. (Pleasanton, CA); Landahl, Eric C. (Walnut Creek, CA)
Overcoming High Energy Backgrounds at Pulsed Spallation Sources
Instrument backgrounds at neutron scattering facilities directly affect the quality and the efficiency of the scientific measurements that users perform. Part of the background at pulsed spallation neutron sources is caused by, and time-correlated with, the emission of high energy particles when the proton beam strikes the spallation target. This prompt pulse ultimately produces a signal, which can be highly problematic for a subset of instruments and measurements due to the time-correlated properties, and different to that from reactor sources. Measurements of this background have been made at both SNS (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA) and SINQ (PSI, Villigen, Switzerland). The background levels were generally found to be low compared to natural background. However, very low intensities of high-energy particles have been found to be detrimental to instrument performance in some conditions. Given that instrument performance is typically characterised by S/N, improvements in backgrounds can both improve instrument pe...
Cherkashyna, Nataliia; DiJulio, Douglas D; Khaplanov, Anton; Pfeiffer, Dorothea; Scherzinger, Julius; Cooper-Jensen, Carsten P; Fissum, Kevin G; Ansell, Stuart; Iverson, Erik B; Ehlers, Georg; Gallmeier, Franz X; Panzner, Tobias; Rantsiou, Emmanouela; Kanaki, Kalliopi; Filges, Uwe; Kittelmann, Thomas; Extegarai, Maddi; Santoro, Valentina; Kirstein, Oliver; Bentley, Phillip M
A Pulse Shape Analysis Technique for the MAJORANA Experiment
In order to achieve background count rates sufficiently low as to allow the observation of rare events such as neutrinoless double beta (0 ) decay, background suppression techniques are routinely employed. In this paper we present details of a novel Pulse Shape Analysis algorithm which allows single-site events such as 0 decay to be distinguished from multi site background events. The algorithm, which is based on the event by event 2 fitting of experimental signals to a basis data set of unique single site pulse shapes, has been developed through simulation studies and tested experimentally using a Broad Energy Germanium detector. It is found experimentally that the technique is able to successfully identify and reject 99% of multi site events in the single escape peak associated with the gamma decay of 208Tl, whilst maintaining a survival probability of 98% for '0 like' double escape peak events.
Cooper, Reynold J [ORNL; Radford, David C [ORNL; Lagergren, K. [Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research, Oak Ridge; Colaresi, James F. [Canberra Industries, Inc., Meriden, CT; Darken, Larry [Canberra Industries, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN; Henning, Reyco [University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Marino, Michael [University of Washington, Seattle; Yocum, K. Michael [Canberra Industries, Inc., Meriden, CT
New Regenerator Materials for use in pulse tube coolers
A two-stage pulse tube cooler driven by a linear compressor is being developed to provide cooling at 20 K. The first stage of the cooler will have the conventional stainless steel screen regenerator matrix. The matrix for the second stage regenerator (<60 K) will be made from a new class of Er based alloys which was recently developed at Ames Laboratory, in Ames, Iowa. These alloys exhibit heat capacities that exceed that of all other materials, including lead, over a Wide range in temperature (15 K < T C 85 K). The performance of one such alloy was shown to be better than lead when tested in a single-stage pulse tube cooler driven by a G-M compressor and operating at 2 Hz. An effort is underway to establish their suitability at frequencies above 40 IIZ. An approach to testing these alloys at low temperatures while using a low-power linear compressor is presented.
A. Kashani; B.P.M. Helvensteijn; P. Kittel; K.A. Gschneidner,jr; V.K. Pecharsky; A.O. Pecharsky
Compact biomedical pulsed signal generator for bone tissue stimulation
An apparatus for stimulating bone tissue for stimulating bone growth or treating osteoporosis by applying directly to the skin of the patient an alternating current electrical signal comprising wave forms known to simulate the piezoelectric constituents in bone. The apparatus may, by moving a switch, stimulate bone growth or treat osteoporosis, as desired. Based on low-power CMOS technology and enclosed in a moisture-resistant case shaped to fit comfortably, two astable multivibrators produce the desired waveforms. The amplitude, pulse width and pulse frequency, and the subpulse width and subpulse frequency of the waveforms are adjustable. The apparatus, preferably powered by a standard 9-volt battery, includes signal amplitude sensors and warning signals indicate an output is being produced and the battery needs to be replaced.
Kronberg, J.W.
Kronberg, James W. (108 Independent Blvd., Aiken, SC 29801)
Positive and negative chirping of laser pulses shorter than 100 fsec in a saturable absorber
We present a calculation of the chirp generated in laser pulses shorter than 100 fsec on propagation through a saturable absorber (DODCI in ethylene glycol). The calculation takes into account the absorber saturation and the solvent nonlinear refractive index. At pulse energies greater than 10 nJ the chirp tends to be predominantly positive, and it increases rapidly as the pulse duration becomes shorter than 50 fsec. At pulse energies in the 1--7-nJ range the chirp is mostly negative for pulses longer than 30 fsec.
Miranda, R.S.; Jacobovitz, G.R.; Brito Cruz, C.H.; Scarparo, M.A.F.
Optimally enhanced optical emission in laser-induced air plasma by femtosecond double-pulse
In laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, a femtosecond double-pulse laser was used to induce air plasma. The plasma spectroscopy was observed to lead to significant increase of the intensity and reproducibility of the optical emission signal compared to femtosecond single-pulse laser. In particular, the optical emission intensity can be optimized by adjusting the delay time of femtosecond double-pulse. An appropriate pulse-to-pulse delay was selected, that was typically about 50 ps. This effect can be especially advantageous in the context of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, plasma channel, and so on.
Chen, Anmin [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China) [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Li, Suyu; Li, Shuchang; Jiang, Yuanfei; Ding, Dajun [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)] [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Shao, Junfeng; Wang, Tingfeng [State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China)] [State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China); Huang, Xuri [Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)] [Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Jin, Mingxing [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China) [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033 (China)
Construction and characterization of ultraviolet acousto-optic based femtosecond pulse shapers
We present all the information necessary for construction and characterization of acousto optic pulse shapers, with a focus on ultraviolet wavelengths, Various radio-frequency drive configurations are presented to allow optimization via knowledgeable trade-off of design features. Detailed performance characteristics of a 267 nm acousto-optic modulator (AOM) based pulse shaper are presented, Practical considerations for AOM based pulse shaping of ultra-broad bandwidth (sub-10 fs) amplified femtosecond pulse shaping are described, with particular attention paid to the effects of the RF frequency bandwidth and optical frequency bandwidth on the spatial dispersion of the output laser pulses.
Mcgrane, Shawn D [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Moore, David S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Greenfield, Margo T [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Ultraslow propagation of matched pulses by four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor
We have observed the ultraslow propagation of matched pulses in nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor. Probe pulses as short as 70 ns can be delayed by a tunable time of up to 40 ns with little broadening or distortion. During the propagation, a probe pulse is amplified and generates a conjugate pulse which is faster and separates from the probe pulse before getting locked to it at a fixed delay. The precise timing of this process allows us to determine the key coefficients of the susceptibility tensor. The presence of gain in this system makes this system very interesting in the context of all-optical information processing.
V. Boyer; C. F. McCormick; E. Arimondo; P. D. Lett
Needs Assessment: Taking the Pulse of the Public Recreation Client.
the information? The information sought in recreation and park agency surveys is usually neither threatening nor sensitive, so problems ,of this nature rarely arise. The only questions whICh citizens may be reluctant to an swer are likely to be those seeking...: TAKING THE PULSE OF THE PUBLIC RECREATION CLIENT John L. Crompton* PREFACE Meeting the challenge of today's leisure service market has prompted many park and recreation agencies to adopt private sector practices. Increas ingly, successful managers...
Crompton, John L.
Heat pulse propagation in chaotic 3-dimensional magnetic fields
Heat pulse propagation in $3$-D chaotic magnetic fields is studied by solving the parallel heat transport equation using a Lagrangian-Green's function (LG) method. The LG method provides an efficient and accurate technique that circumvents limitations of finite elements and finite difference methods. The main two problems addressed are: (i) The dependence of the radial transport on the magnetic field stochasticity (controlled by the amplitude of the perturbation, $\\epsilon$); and (ii) The role of reversed shear configurations on pulse propagation. In all the cases considered there are no magnetic flux surfaces. However, radial transport is observed to depend strongly on $\\epsilon$ due to the presence of high-order magnetic islands and Cantori that act as quasi-transport barriers that preclude the radial penetration of heat pulses within physically relevant time scale. The dependence of the magnetic field connection length, $\\ell_B$, on $\\epsilon$ is studied in detail. The decay rate of the temperature maximum, $\\langle T \\rangle_{max}(t)$, the time delay of the temperature response as function of the radius, $\\tau$, and the radial heat flux $\\langle {{\\bf q}\\cdot {\\hat e}_\\psi} \\rangle$, are also studied as functions of the magnetic field stochasticity and $\\ell_B$. In all cases, the scaling of $\\langle T \\rangle_{max}$ with $t$ transitions from sub-diffusive, $\\langle T \\rangle_{max} \\sim t^{-1/4}$, at short times ($\\chi_\\parallel t 10^5$). A strong dependence on $\\epsilon$ is also observed on $\\tau$ and $\\langle {{\\bf q}\\cdot {\\hat e}_\\psi} \\rangle$. The radial propagation of pulses in fully chaotic fields considerably slows down in the shear reversal region and, as a result, $\\tau$, in reversed shear configurations is an order of magnitude longer than the one in monotonic $q$-profiles.
D. del-Castillo-Negrete; D. Blazevski
Progress in the pulsed power Inertial Confinement Fusion program
Pulsed power accelerators are being used in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research. In order to achieve our goal of a fusion yield in the range of 200 - 1000 MJ from radiation-driven fusion capsules, it is generally believed that {approx}10 MJ of driver energy must be deposited within the ICF target in order to deposit {approx}1 MJ of radiation energy in the fusion capsule. Pulsed power represents an efficient technology for producing both these energies and these radiation environments in the required short pulses (few tens of ns). Two possible approaches are being developed to utilize pulsed power accelerators in this effort: intense beams of light ions and z- pinches. This paper describes recent progress in both approaches. Over the past several years, experiments have successfully answered many questions critical to ion target design. Increasing the ion beam power and intensity are our next objectives. Last year, the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator H (PBFA II) was modified to generate ion beams in a geometry that will be required for high yield applications. This 2048 modification has resulted in the production of the highest power ion beam to be accelerated from an extraction ion diode. We are also evaluating fast magnetically-driven implosions (z-pinches) as platforms for ICF ablator physics and EOS experiments. Z-pinch implosions driven by the 20 TW Saturn accelerator have efficiently produced high x- ray power (> 75 TW) and energy (> 400 kJ). Containing these x-ray sources within a hohlraum produces a unique large volume (> 6000 mm{sup 3}), long lived (>20 ns) radiation environment. In addition to studying fundamental ICF capsule physics, there are several concepts for driving ICF capsules with these x-ray sources. Progress in increasing the x-ray power on the Saturn accelerator and promise of further increases on the higher power PBFA II accelerator will be described.
Quintenz, J.P.; Matzen, M.K.; Mehlhorn, T.A. [and others
High-current pulses from inductive energy stores
Superconducting inductive energy stores can be used for high power pulse supplies if a suitable current multiplication scheme is used. The concept of an inductive Marx generator is superior to a transformer. A third scheme, a variable flux linkage device, is suggested; in multiplying current it also compresses energy. Its function is in many ways analogous to that of a horsewhip. Superconductor limits indicate that peak power levels of TW can be reached for stored energies above 1 MJ.
Wipf, S.L.
Growth of epitaxial thin films by pulsed laser ablation
High-quality, high-temperature superconductor (HTSc) films can be grown by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) process. This article provides a detailed introduction to the advantages and curent limitations of PLA for epitaxial film growth. Emphasis is placed on experimental methods and on exploitation of PLA to control epitaxial growth at either the unit cell or the atomic-layer level. Examples are taken from recent HTSc film growth. 33 figs, 127 refs. (DLC)
Lowndes, D.H.
Ionization by few-cycle pulses: Tracing the electron orbits
High-order above-threshold ionization by few-cycle laser pulses is analyzed in terms of quantum orbits. For a given carrier-envelope phase, the number of contributing orbits and their ionization and rescattering times determine the shape of the angle-resolved spectrum in all detail. Conversely, analysis of a given spectrum reveals the carrier-envelope phase and the various interfering pathways from which the electron could choose.
Milosevic, D.B. [Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71000 Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegowina); Paulus, G.G. [Department of Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242 (United States); Becker, W. [Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
We demonstrate broadband laser cooling of atomic ions in an rf trap using ultrafast pulses from a modelocked laser. The temperature of a single ion is measured by observing the size of a time-averaged image of the ion in the known harmonic trap potential. While the lowest observed temperature was only about 1 K, this method efficiently cools very hot atoms and can sufficiently localize trapped atoms to produce near diffraction-limited atomic images.
B. B. Blinov; R. N. Kohn Jr.; M. J. Madsen; P. Maunz; D. L. Moehring; C. Monroe
Tunable and collimated terahertz radiation generation by femtosecond laser pulses
A mechanism is proposed for the generation of tunable terahertz (THz) radiation under the application of two femtosecond laser pulses and an external magnetic field, where quick tunnel ionization is achieved that leads to higher plasma density evolution and large residual current for the efficient THz radiation generation. With the optimization of magnetic field, phase difference, and amplitudes of lasers' fields, a THz source can be obtained with tunable frequency and power along with a control on the direction of radiation emission.
Malik, Hitendra K.; Malik, Anil K.
The ability to unplug key waste transfer routes is generally essential for successful tank farms operations. All transfer lines run the risk of plugging but the cross site transfer line poses increased risk due to its longer length. The loss of a transfer route needed to support the waste feed delivery mission impacts the cost and schedule of the Hanford clean up mission. This report addresses the engineering feasibility for two pressure pulse technologies, which are similar in concept, for pipeline unplugging.
Servin, M. A. [Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, Richland, WA (United States); Garfield, J. S. [AEM Consulting, LLC (United States); Golcar, G. R. [AEM Consulting, LLC (United States)
Pulsed jet combustion generator for premixed charge engines
A method and device for generating pulsed jets which will form plumes comprising eddie structures, which will entrain a fuel/air mixture from the head space of an internal combustion engine, and mixing this fuel/air mixture with a pre-ignited fuel/air mixture of the plumes thereby causing combustion of the reactants to occur within the interior of the eddie structures.
Oppenheim, A. K. (Berkeley, CA); Stewart, H. E. (Alameda, CA); Hom, K. (Hercules, CA)
Pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed combustor apparatus and process
A pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed reactor system is disclosed and claimed along with a process for utilization of same for the combustion of, e.g. high sulfur content coal. The system affords a economical, ecologically acceptable alternative to oil and gas fired combustors. The apparatus may also be employed for endothermic reaction, combustion of waste products, e.g. organic and medical waste, drying, calcining and the like.
Pulsed Neurton Elemental On-Line Material Analyzer
An on-line material analyzer which utilizes pulsed neutron generation in order to determine the composition of material flowing through the apparatus. The on-line elemental material analyzer is based on a pulsed neutron generator. The elements in the material interact with the fast and thermal neutrons produced from the pulsed generator. Spectra of gamma-rays produced from fast neutrons interacting with elements of the material are analyzed and stored separately from spectra produced from thermal neutron reactions. Measurements of neutron activation takes place separately from the above reactions and at a distance from the neutron generator. A primary passageway allows the material to flow through at a constant rate of speed and operators to provide data corresponding to fast and thermal neutron reactions. A secondary passageway meters the material to allow for neutron activation analysis. The apparatus also has the capability to determine the density of the flowed material. Finally, the apparatus continually utilizes a neutron detector in order to normalize the yield of the gamma ray detectors and thereby automatically calibrates and adjusts the spectra data for fluctuations in neutron generation.
Vourvopoulos, George (Bowling Green, KY)
Development of the Long Pulse Negative Ion Source for ITER
A model of the ion source designed for the neutral beam injectors of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the KAMABOKO III ion source, is being tested on the MANTIS test stand at the DRFC Cadarache in collaboration with JAERI, Japan, who designed and supplied the ion source. The ion source is attached to a 3 grid 30 keV accelerator (also supplied by JAERI) and the accelerated negative ion current is determined from the energy deposited on a calorimeter located 1.6 m from the source.During experiments on MANTIS three adverse effects of long pulse operation were found: The negative ion current to the calorimeter is {approx_equal}50% of that obtained from short pulse operation Increasing the plasma grid (PG) temperature results in {<=}40% enhancement in negative ion yield, substantially below that reported for short pulse operation, {>=}100%. The caesium 'consumption' is up to 1500 times that expected.Results presented here indicate that each of these is, at least partially, explained by thermal effects. Additionally presented are the results of a detailed characterisation of the source, which enable the most efficient mode of operation to be identified.
Hemsworth, R.S.; Svensson, L.; Esch, H.P.L. de; Krylov, A.; Massmann, P. [Association EURATOM-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA-Cadarache, 13108 St Paul-lez-Durance (France); Boilson, D. [Association EURATOM-DCU, PRL/NCPST, Glasnevin, Dublin 13 (Ireland); Fanz, U. [Association EURATOM-IPP, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik D-85748 Garching (Germany); Zaniol, B. [CONSORZIO RFX Association EURATOM-ENEA, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova (Italy)
Active high-power RF switch and pulse compression system
A high-power RF switching device employs a semiconductor wafer positioned in the third port of a three-port RF device. A controllable source of directed energy, such as a suitable laser or electron beam, is aimed at the semiconductor material. When the source is turned on, the energy incident on the wafer induces an electron-hole plasma layer on the wafer, changing the wafer's dielectric constant, turning the third port into a termination for incident RF signals, and. causing all incident RF signals to be reflected from the surface of the wafer. The propagation constant of RF signals through port 3, therefore, can be changed by controlling the beam. By making the RF coupling to the third port as small as necessary, one can reduce the peak electric field on the unexcited silicon surface for any level of input power from port 1, thereby reducing risk of damaging the wafer by RF with high peak power. The switch is useful to the construction of an improved pulse compression system to boost the peak power of microwave tubes driving linear accelerators. In this application, the high-power RF switch is placed at the coupling iris between the charging waveguide and the resonant storage line of a pulse compression system. This optically controlled high power RF pulse compression system can handle hundreds of Megawatts of power at X-band.
Tantawi, Sami G. (San Mateo, CA); Ruth, Ronald D. (Woodside, CA); Zolotorev, Max (Mountain View, CA)
Voltage control in pulsed system by predict-ahead control
A method and apparatus for predict-ahead pulse-to-pulse voltage control in a pulsed power supply system is disclosed. A DC power supply network is coupled to a resonant charging network via a first switch. The resonant charging network is coupled at a node to a storage capacitor. An output load is coupled to the storage capacitor via a second switch. A de-Q-ing network is coupled to the resonant charging network via a third switch. The trigger for the third switch is a derived function of the initial voltage of the power supply network, the initial voltage of the storage capacitor, and the present voltage of the storage capacitor. A first trigger closes the first switch and charges the capacitor. The third trigger is asserted according to the derived function to close the third switch. When the third switch is closed, the first switch opens and voltage on the node is regulated. The second trigger may be thereafter asserted to discharge the capacitor into the output load. 4 figs.
Payne, A.N.; Watson, J.A.; Sampayan, S.E.
Fast pulsing of an open research thermionic converter
Several experiments concerning anomalous phenomena in an open Thermionic Energy Converter (TEC) have previously been reported. Under certain conditions a very high electron current (back current), flowing from the cold collector to the hot emitter, has been observed. This phenomenon has been studied with various methods. The conclusion is that an excited form of matter, with a very low work function, is located on the collector surface and in the interelectrode space. The matter consists of highly excited cesium atoms in a condensed form, and is referred to as Rydberg matter (RM). The existence of RM has been predicted theoretically by Manykin, et al. The efficiency of the RM TEC varies considerably with parameters such as emitter temperature and collector temperature. There is also a discrepancy between the apparent collector work function when the collector is run as electron emitter and when it is used as an electron collector. From other experiments the authors conclude that negative ions Cs{sup {minus}} will form on the RM surface on the collector. In order to control the effect of possible negative ions, a series of experiments including rapid pulsing of the TEC is in progress. The objective of the pulsing is to use a negative pulse (with respect to the collector) to remove possible negative ions from the RM surface and restore the low work function of the RM surface.
Svensson, R. [Coll. of Applied Engineering and Maritime Studies, Goeteborg (Sweden); [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden); Holmlid, L. [Univ. of Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Chemistry
Making Relativistic Positrons Using Ultra-Intense Short Pulse Lasers
This paper describes a new positron source produced using ultra-intense short pulse lasers. Although it has been studied in theory since as early as the 1970s, the use of lasers as a valuable new positron source was not demonstrated experimentally until recent years, when the petawatt-class short pulse lasers were developed. In 2008 and 2009, in a series of experiments performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a large number of positrons were observed after shooting a millimeter thick solid gold target. Up to 2 x 10{sup 10} positrons per steradian ejected out the back of {approx}mm thick gold targets were detected. The targets were illuminated with short ({approx}1 ps) ultra-intense ({approx}1 x 10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}) laser pulses. These positrons are produced predominantly by the Bethe-Heitler process, and have an effective temperature of 2-4 MeV, with the distribution peaking at 4-7 MeV. The angular distribution of the positrons is anisotropic. For a wide range of applications, this new laser based positron source with its unique characteristics may complements the existing sources using radioactive isotopes and accelerators.
Chen, H; Wilks, S; Bonlie, J; Chen, C; Chen, S; Cone, K; Elberson, L; Gregori, G; Liang, E; Price, D; Van Maren, R; Meyerhofer, D D; Mithen, J; Murphy, C V; Myatt, J; Schneider, M; Shepherd, R; Stafford, D; Tommasini, R; Beiersdorfer, P
The interaction of intense subpicosecond laser pulses with underdense plasmas
Laser-plasma interactions have been of interest for many years not only from a basic physics standpoint, but also for their relevance to numerous applications. Advances in laser technology in recent years have resulted in compact laser systems capable of generating (psec), 10{sup 16} W/cm{sup 2} laser pulses. These lasers have provided a new regime in which to study laser-plasma interactions, a regime characterized by L{sub plasma} {ge} 2L{sub Rayleigh} > c{tau}. The goal of this dissertation is to experimentally characterize the interaction of a short pulse, high intensity laser with an underdense plasma (n{sub o} {le} 0.05n{sub cr}). Specifically, the parametric instability known as stimulated Raman scatter (SRS) is investigated to determine its behavior when driven by a short, intense laser pulse. Both the forward Raman scatter instability and backscattered Raman instability are studied. The coupled partial differential equations which describe the growth of SRS are reviewed and solved for typical experimental laser and plasma parameters. This solution shows the growth of the waves (electron plasma and scattered light) generated via stimulated Raman scatter. The dispersion relation is also derived and solved for experimentally accessible parameters. The solution of the dispersion relation is used to predict where (in k-space) and at what frequency (in {omega}-space) the instability will grow. Both the nonrelativistic and relativistic regimes of the instability are considered.
Coverdale, C.A.
Femtosecond pulse damage thresholds of dielectric coatings in vacuum
At 10-7 Torr, the multiple femtosecond pulse damage threshold, F(?), is about 10% of the single pulse damage fluence F(1) for hafnia and silica films compared to about 65% and 50%, respectively, at 630 Torr. In contrast, the single-pulse damage threshold is pressure independent. The decrease of F(?) with decreasing air pressure correlates with the water vapor and oxygen content of the ambient gas with the former having the greater effect. The decrease in F(?) is likely associated with an accumulation of defects derived from oxygen deficiency, for example vacancies. From atmospheric air pressure to pressures of {approx}3 x 10{sup -6} Torr, the damage 'crater' starts deterministically at the center of the beam and grows in diameter as the fluence increases. At pressure below 3x10-6 Torr, damage is initiated at random 'sites' within the exposed area in hafnia films, while the damage morphology remains deterministic in silica films. A possible explanation is that absorbing centers are created at predisposed sample sites in hafnia, for example at boundaries between crystallites, or crystalline and amorphous phases.
Michelle D. Shinn, Duy N. Nguyen, Luke A. Emmert ,Paul Schwoebel, Dinesh Patel, Carmen S. Menoni, Wolfgang Rudolph
Multidiagnostic analysis of ultrafast laser ablation of metals with pulse pair irradiation
Copper targets are irradiated in the ablation regime by pairs of equal, time-delayed collinear laser pulses separated on a timescale going from {approx_equal}2 ps to {approx_equal}2 ns. The ablation plume is characterized by ion probe diagnostic, fast imaging, and temporally and spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The variation in the ablation efficiency with the delay between the pulses is analyzed by measuring the ablation crater profile with a contact profilometer. The second laser pulse modifies the characteristics of the plasma plume produced by the first pulse and the ablation efficiency. The different mechanisms involved in double pulse ultrafast laser ablation are identified and discussed. The experimental findings are interpreted in the frame of a simple model of the interaction of the second pulse with the nascent ablation plume produced by the first pulse. This model yields consistent and quantitative agreement with the experimental findings predicting the observed experimental trends of the ablation depth reduction and ion yield increase with the delay between the pulses, as well as the characteristic timescale of the observed changes. The possibility of controlling the characteristics of the plumes produced during ultrafast laser ablation via an efficient coupling of the energy of the second pulse to the various ablation components produced by the first pulse is of particular interest in ultrafast pulsed laser deposition and microprobe analyses of materials.
Amoruso, S.; Bruzzese, R. [Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli (Italy); CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli (Italy); Wang, X. [CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli (Italy); O'Connell, G.; Lunney, J. G. [School of Physics, Trinity College-Dublin, Dublin 2 (Ireland)
Apparatus for and method of operating a cylindrical pulsed induction mass launcher
An electromagnetic cylindrical projectile mass launcher and a method of operation is provided which includes a cylindrical projectile having a conducting armature, a cylindrical barrel in which the armature is received, a plurality of electromagnetic drive coil stages, a plurality of pulse energy sources, and a pulsed power arrangement for generating magnetic pulses forming a pulsed magnetic wave along the length of the launcher barrel. The pulsed magnetic wave provides a propelling force on the projectile along the drive coil. The pulsed magnetic wave of the drive coil stages is advanced along the armature faster than the projectile to thereby generate an induced current wave in the armature. The pulsed generation of the magnetic wave minimizes electromagnetic heating of the projectile and provides for smooth acceleration of the projectile through the barrel of the launcher.
Cowan, Jr., Maynard (Albuquerque, NM); Duggin, Billy W. (Albuquerque, NM); Widner, Melvin M. (Albuquerque, NM)
An electromagnetic cylindrical projectile mass launcher and a method of operation is provided which includes a cylindrical projectile having a conducting armature, a cylindrical barrel in which the armature is received, a plurality of electromagnetic drive coil stages, a plurality of pulse energy sources, and a pulsed power arrangement for generating magnetic pulses forming a pulsed magnetic wave along the length of the launcher barrel. The pulsed magnetic wave provides a propelling force on the projectile along the drive coil. The pulsed magnetic wave of the drive coil stages is advanced along the armature faster than the projectile to thereby generate an induced current wave in the armature. The pulsed generation of the magnetic wave minimizes electromagnetic heating of the projectile and provides for smooth acceleration of the projectile through the barrel of the launcher. 2 figs.
Cowan, M. Jr.; Duggin, B.W.; Widner, M.M.
Investigation of laser-driven proton acceleration using ultra-short, ultra-intense laser pulses
We report optimization of laser-driven proton acceleration, for a range of experimental parameters available from a single ultrafast Ti:sapphire laser system. We have characterized laser-generated protons produced at the rear and front target surfaces of thin solid targets (15 nm to 90 {mu}m thicknesses) irradiated with an ultra-intense laser pulse (up to 10{sup 20} W Dot-Operator cm{sup -2}, pulse duration 30 to 500 fs, and pulse energy 0.1 to 1.8 J). We find an almost symmetric behaviour for protons accelerated from rear and front sides, and a linear scaling of proton energy cut-off with increasing pulse energy. At constant laser intensity, we observe that the proton cut-off energy increases with increasing laser pulse duration, then roughly constant for pulses longer than 300 fs. Finally, we demonstrate that there is an optimum target thickness and pulse duration.
Fourmaux, S.; Gnedyuk, S.; Lassonde, P.; Payeur, S.; Pepin, H.; Kieffer, J. C. [INRS-EMT, Universite du Quebec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 (Canada); Buffechoux, S.; Albertazzi, B. [INRS-EMT, Universite du Quebec, 1650 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2 (Canada); LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS - CEA - Universite Paris 6 - Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Capelli, D.; Antici, P. [LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS - CEA - Universite Paris 6 - Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Dipartimento SBAI, Sapienza, Universita di Roma, Via Scarpa 16, 00161 Roma (Italy); Levy, A.; Fuchs, J. [LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS - CEA - Universite Paris 6 - Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Lecherbourg, L.; Marjoribanks, R. S. [Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 (Canada)
Making ultracold molecules in a two-color pump-dump photoassociation scheme using chirped pulses
This theoretical paper investigates the formation of ground state molecules from ultracold cesium atoms in a two-color scheme. Following previous work on photoassociation with chirped picosecond pulses [Luc-Koenig et al., Phys. Rev. A, 70, 033414 (2004)], we investigate stabilization by a second (dump) pulse. By appropriately choosing the dump pulse parameters and time delay with respect to the photoassociation pulse, we show that a large number of deeply bound molecules are created in the ground triplet state. We discuss (i) broad-bandwidth dump pulses which maximize the probability to form molecules while creating a broad vibrational distribution as well as (ii) narrow-bandwidth pulses populating a single vibrational ground state level, bound by 113 cm{sup -1}. The use of chirped pulses makes the two-color scheme robust, simple, and efficient.
Koch, Christiane P. [Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Bat. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France); Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 (Israel); Luc-Koenig, Eliane; Masnou-Seeuws, Francoise [Laboratoire Aime Cotton, CNRS, Bat. 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France)
Control of molecular rotation with a chiral train of ultrashort pulses
Trains of ultrashort laser pulses separated by the time of rotational revival (typically, tens of picoseconds) have been exploited for creating ensembles of aligned molecules. In this work we introduce a chiral pulse train - a sequence of linearly polarized pulses with the polarization direction rotating from pulse to pulse by a controllable angle. The chirality of such a train, expressed through the period and direction of its polarization rotation, is used as a new control parameter for achieving selectivity and directionality of laser-induced rotational excitation. The method employs chiral trains with a large number of pulses separated on the time scale much shorter than the rotational revival (a few hundred femtosecond), enabling the use of conventional pulse shapers.
S. Zhdanovich; A. A. Milner; C. Bloomquist; J. Flo�; I. Sh. Averbukh; J. W. Hepburn; V. Milner
Nitrogen oxides removal by pulsed corona enhanced wet electrostatics precipitation
This paper presents the results of a bench-scale pulsed-corona enhanced wet electrostatic precipitator (wESP) application for removal of nitrogen oxides. This wESP is designed to operate wet/dry, positive/negative, and pulsed/non-pulsed conditions. The applied pulsed voltage is varied from 0 to 60 kV at 70 Hz. Gas flow rate is a nominal 7 m{sup 3}/hr and the collecting electrode area is 0.20 m{sup 2}. A simulated flue gas with NO concentration up to 1,200 ppm{sub v} has been used to determine the feasibility of NO{sub x} removal in the wESP. NO has to be oxidized to N{sub 2} before any removal takes place. NO{sub x} removal efficiency increased with gas residence time, inlet NO concentration and applied corona power. In the air stream with 10 seconds gas residence time, up to 20% of 1,000 ppm NO (or 22% NO{sub x}) was removed from an air stream of 1.9x10{sup {minus}3} m{sup 3}/s with a water flow of 6.3 x 10{sup {minus}5} m{sup 3}/sec and 20 W, 70 Hz pulsed corona. Both ammonia and ozone injections improve the NO{sub x} removal for both the corona and non-corona cases. With the inclusion of NH{sub 3} (NH{sub 3}/NO{sub x} ratio 1.3) and 25 watts corona power, NO removal efficiency was increased from 28% to 57%. The amount of in-situ ozone is not enough to be considered as a major NO{sub x} removal mechanism in this wESP. However, the additional injection of ozone improves the NO removal from 29% to 38% for both the corona and non-corona cases. When the oxygen concentration is dropped to 3% in a simulated flue gas with 12% CO{sub 2} and 800 ppm NO and 70% relative humidity at 11.5 s of gas residence time, the removal efficiency of NO is only 5%. Adding NH{sub 3} (NH{sub 3}/NO{sub x} ratio 1) at 76 watts corona power, NO removal is increased to 13%.
Tseng, C.H.; Keener, T.C.; Khang, S.J.
Fabrication of nano-structural arrays by channeling pulsed atomic beams through pulsed-laser standing-waves under off-resonant condition
Fabrication of nano-structural arrays by channeling pulsed atomic beams through pulsed 1998 We show that it is feasible to produce one- and two-dimensional nano-structure arrays by passing the reduced dimensions are of the order of nanometers (10 9 m . In particular, nano
Zhu, Xiangdong
Electric fields in plasmas under pulsed currents K. Tsigutkin,* R. Doron, E. Stambulchik, V. Bernshtam, and Y. Maron
. Fruchtman Sciences Department, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 58102, Israel R. J. Commisso Pulsed
Doron, Ramy
Electron-ion relaxation time dependent signal enhancement in ultrafast double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Electron-ion relaxation time dependent signal enhancement in ultrafast double-pulse laser of collinear double-pulse compared to single-pulse ultrafast laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Our results showed that the significant signal enhancement noticed in the double pulse scheme is strongly correlated
3420 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 48, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2000 On the Estimation of Interleaved Pulse Train Phases
of Interleaved Pulse Train Phases Tanya L. Conroy and John B. Moore, Fellow, IEEE Abstract--Some signals are transmitted as periodic pulse trains where information is in the timing of the arrival of the pulses. A number of pulse trains arriving over the same time interval are said to be interleaved. We propose an on
Moore, John Barratt
1646 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 47, NO. 6, JUNE 1999 Spectrum Estimation of Interleaved Pulse Trains
of Interleaved Pulse Trains Robert J. Orsi, Student Member, IEEE, John B. Moore, Fellow, IEEE, and Robert E number of periodic time-interleaved pulse trains. For such signals, we present a novel approach for determining both the number of pulse trains present and the frequency of each pulse train. Our approach
Orsi, Robert
The fundamental solution of the unidirectional pulse propagation equation
The fundamental solution of a variant of the three-dimensional wave equation known as �unidirectional pulse propagation equation� (UPPE) and its paraxial approximation is obtained. It is shown that the fundamental solution can be presented as a projection of a fundamental solution of the wave equation to some functional subspace. We discuss the degree of equivalence of the UPPE and the wave equation in this respect. In particular, we show that the UPPE, in contrast to the common belief, describes wave propagation in both longitudinal and temporal directions, and, thereby, its fundamental solution possesses a non-causal character.
Babushkin, I. [Institute of Mathematics, Humboldt University, Rudower Chaussee 25, 12489 Berlin (Germany)] [Institute of Mathematics, Humboldt University, Rudower Chaussee 25, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Berg�, L. [CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France)] [CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon (France)
AEA Fluidic Pulse Jet Mixer. Innovative Technology Summary Report
AEA's Fluidic Pulse Jet Mixer was developed to mix and maintain the suspension of solids and to blend process liquids. The mixer can be used to combine a tank's available supernate with the sludge into a slurry that is suitable for pumping. The system uses jet nozzles in the tank coupled to a charge vessel. Then, a jet pump creates a partial vacuum in the charge vessel allowing it to be filled with waste. Next, air pressure is applied to the charge vessel, forcing sludge back into the tank and mixing it with the liquid waste. When the liquid waste contains 10% solids, a batch is pumped out of the tank.
Parametric self pulsing in a quantum opto-mechanical system
We describe an opto-mechanical system in which the coupling between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom takes the form of a fully quantised third-order parametric interaction. Two physical realisations are proposed: a harmonically trapped atom in a standing wave and the `membrane in the middle' model. The dominant resonant interaction corresponds to a stimulated Raman process in which two phonons are converted into a single cavity photon. We show that this system can exhibit a stable limit cycle in which energy is periodically exchanged between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom. This is equivalently described as a parametric self-pulsing.
Holmes, C A
Deposition of dopant impurities and pulsed energy drive-in
A semiconductor doping process which enhances the dopant incorporation achievable using the Gas Immersion Laser Doping (GILD) technique. The enhanced doping is achieved by first depositing a thin layer of dopant atoms on a semiconductor surface followed by exposure to one or more pulses from either a laser or an ion-beam which melt a portion of the semiconductor to a desired depth, thus causing the dopant atoms to be incorporated into the molten region. After the molten region recrystallizes the dopant atoms are electrically active. The dopant atoms are deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or other known deposition techniques.
Wickboldt, Paul (Walnut Creek, CA); Carey, Paul G. (Mountain View, CA); Smith, Patrick M. (San Jose, CA); Ellingboe, Albert R. (Malahide, IE)
Wickboldt, Paul (Walnut Creek, CA); Carey, Paul G. (Mountain View, CA); Smith, Patrick M. (San Ramon, CA); Ellingboe, Albert R. (Fremont, CA)
Characterisation of pulsed Carbon fiber illuminators for FIR instrument calibration
We manufactured pulsed illuminators emitting in the far infrared for the Planck-HFI bolometric instrument ground calibrations. Specific measurements have been conducted on these light sources, based on Carbon fibers, to understand and predict their properties. We present a modelisation of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and the calorific capacitance of the fibers. A comparison between simulations and bolometer data is given, that shows the coherence of our model. Their small time constants, their stability and their emission spectrum pointing in the submm range make these illuminators a very usefull tool for calibrating FIR instruments.
S. Henrot-Versille; R. Cizeron; F. Couchot
Henrot-Versill�, S; Couchot, F
While silicon has several properties making it an attractive material for structure-based laser-driven acceleration, its optical damage threshold, a key parameter for high-gradient acceleration, has been unknown. Here we present measurements of the optical damage threshold of crystalline silicon for ultrafast pulses in the mid-infrared. The wavelengths tested span a range from the telecommunications band at 1550 nm extending longer toward the two-photon absorption threshold at around 2200 nm. We discuss the prevailing theories of ultrafast optical breakdown, describe the experimental setup and preliminary results, and propose a relevant performance parameter for candidate accelerator structures.
Cowan, B.; /SLAC
A semiconductor doping process which enhances the dopant incorporation achievable using the Gas Immersion Laser Doping (GILD) technique is disclosed. The enhanced doping is achieved by first depositing a thin layer of dopant atoms on a semiconductor surface followed by exposure to one or more pulses from either a laser or an ion-beam which melt a portion of the semiconductor to a desired depth, thus causing the dopant atoms to be incorporated into the molten region. After the molten region recrystallizes the dopant atoms are electrically active. The dopant atoms are deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or other known deposition techniques. 2 figs.
Wickboldt, P.; Carey, P.G.; Smith, P.M.; Ellingboe, A.R.
Fabrication of gold nanostructures through pulsed laser interference patterning
In this Letter, we report on the experimental development and computational modeling of a simple, one-step method for the fabrication of diverse 2D and 3D periodic nanostructures derived from gold films on silicon substrates and over areas spanning 1?cm{sup 2}. These nanostructures can be patterned on films of thickness ranging from 50?nm to 500?nm with pulsed interfering laser beams. A finite volume-based inhomogeneous multiphase model of the process shows reasonable agreement with the experimentally obtained topographies and provides insights on the flow physics including normal and radial expansion that results in peeling of film from the substrate.
Yuan, Dajun, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Acharya, Ranadip, E-mail: email@example.com [Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (United States)] [Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (United States); Das, Suman, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (United States) [Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (United States); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (United States)
Relativistic Positron Creation Using Ultra-Intense Short Pulse Lasers
We measure up to 2 x 10{sup 10} positrons per steradian ejected out the back of {approx}mm thick gold targets when illuminated with short ({approx} 1 ps) ultra-intense ({approx} 1 x 10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}) laser pulses. Positrons produced predominately by the Bethe-Heitler process and have an effective temperature of 2-4 MeV, with the distribution peaking at 4-7 MeV. The angular distribution of the positrons is anisotropic. The measurements indicate the laser produced, relativistic positron densities ({approx} 10{sup 16} positrons/cm{sup 3}) are the highest ever created in the laboratory.
Chen, H; Wilks, S; Bonlie, J; Liang, E; Myatt, J; Price, D; Meyerhofer, D; Beiersdorfer, P
Ultrafast pulsed laser utilizing broad bandwidth laser glass
An ultrafast laser uses a Nd-doped phosphate laser glass characterized by a particularly broad emission bandwidth to generate the shortest possible output pulses. The laser glass is composed primarily of P.sub.2 O.sub.5, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and MgO, and possesses physical and thermal properties that are compatible with standard melting and manufacturing methods. The broad bandwidth laser glass can be used in modelocked oscillators as well as in amplifier modules.
Payne, Stephen A. (Castro Valley, CA); Hayden, Joseph S. (Clarks Summit, PA)
An ultrafast laser uses a Nd-doped phosphate laser glass characterized by a particularly broad emission bandwidth to generate the shortest possible output pulses. The laser glass is composed primarily of P{sub 2}O{sub 5}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and MgO, and possesses physical and thermal properties that are compatible with standard melting and manufacturing methods. The broad bandwidth laser glass can be used in modelocked oscillators as well as in amplifier modules. 7 figs.
Payne, S.A.; Hayden, J.S.
Pulse Radiolysis of Gases H atom yields, OH reactions,
relevance to atmospheric chemistry is discussed. Pulse radiolysis of a number of different chemical systems. The l'fetirae of Pb(CH3)4 and Pb(C2H5)4 in ambient air is estimated. k(OH + Pb(CH3)4) = 3.8 * 109 M_l s determined: k(H + H2S · H2 + HS) = 4-6 x 108 M ^ s " 1 k(HS + HS · products) = (1.9 ± 0.1) x io1 0 M ^ s " 1
High-Power Laser Pulse Recirculation for Inverse Compton Scattering-Produced Gamma-Rays
Inverse Compton scattering of high-power laser pulses on relativistic electron bunches represents an attractive method for high-brightness, quasi-monoenergetic {gamma}-ray production. The efficiency of {gamma}-ray generation via inverse Compton scattering is severely constrained by the small Thomson scattering cross section. Furthermore, repetition rates of high-energy short-pulse lasers are poorly matched with those available from electron accelerators, resulting in low repetition rates for generated {gamma}-rays. Laser recirculation has been proposed as a method to address those limitations, but has been limited to only small pulse energies and peak powers. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative method for laser pulse recirculation that is uniquely capable of recirculating short pulses with energies exceeding 1 J. Inverse Compton scattering of recirculated Joule-level laser pulses has a potential to produce unprecedented peak and average {gamma}-ray brightness in the next generation of sources.
Jovanovic, I; Shverdin, M; Gibson, D; Brown, C
MEDIUM POWER 352 MHZ SOLID STATE PULSED RF AMPLIFIERS FOR THE CERN LINAC4 PROJECT J. Broere, J in the CERN Linac4. The amplifiers are water-cooled and can provide up to 33 kW pulsed RF Power, 1.5 ms pulse RF Power for the debuncher cavity. The concept is based on 1.2 kW RF power modules using the latest 6
Theoretical description of spontaneous pulse formation in a semiconductor microring laser
We theoretically describe the spontaneous formation of stable pulses in a GaAs bulk semiconductor microring laser. These pulses are obtained without active or passive mode locking. We show that the parameter regime associated with their existence is limited on one side by the phase instability of the continuous-wave solution, and on the other side by the failure of Lamb's mode-locking criterion. Bistability between the continuous-wave solution and the spontaneous pulses is observed.
Gil, L.; Columbo, L. [Institut du Non Lineaire de Nice (Unite Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6618) Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1361 Route des Lucioles, F-06560 Valbonne (France); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, via Amendola, 173, 70126 Bari (Italy)
Effect of Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser Powers On 304 Stainless Steel Welding
In this study, optimum welding parameters are obtained for 1mm thickness type 304 stainless steel welding using the Lumonics JK760TR pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser welding parameters such as pulse duration, focal position, frequency, laser power, welding speed, and shielding gas (N2) pressure on penetration defining welding quality are investigated. Also comparisons of overlap ratios are presented between theory and experiment for pulse duration, frequency and welding speed.
Candan, L.; Demir, A.; Akman, E. [University of Kocaeli, Laser Technologies Research and Application Center, Kocaeli (Turkey)
ALD and Pulsed CVD of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Dioxide Thin Films From an Amidinate Precursor
Narrow window of O2 exposure (e.g. 0.02~0.04 Torr·s @ 325ºC) to obtain high quality pure Ru filmALD and Pulsed CVD of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Dioxide Thin Films From an Amidinate Precursor Xinwei, China Introduction Experimental ALD with O2 Ru metal film Pulsed CVD with NH3+H2 Ru metal film Pulsed
Synchronization of InP Colliding Pulse Mode Locked Laser by Electrical Subharmonic Modulation
to an InP-InGaAsP wafer. The CPM laser includes a saturable absorber (SA) placed in the middle of the laser-short pulses without self- pulsing commonly seen in regular mode locked lasers [1-2,4]. The MOCVD grown InP-InGaAsP deeper into absorption saturation for more stable and effective pulse-shaping for generating ultra
Kolner, Brian H.
Presumed Pulmonary Embolism Following Power-Pulse Spray Thrombectomy of Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis
To achieve more effective thrombolysis in a shorter treatment time, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy has been increasingly used in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The power-pulse spray is a new technique to combine chemical and rheolytic effects on clots. We present a case of presumed pulmonary embolism following power-pulse spray treatment for upper extremity DVT which necessitated resuscitation and intubation. The power-pulse spray technique should be used with caution when treating DVT.
Tsai, Jason; Georgiades, Christos S.; Hong, Kelvin; Kim, Hyun S. [Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Stability of the splay state in pulse-coupled networks
The stability of the dynamical states characterized by a uniform firing rate (splay states) is analyzed in a network of globally coupled leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. This is done by reducing the set of differential equations to a map that is investigated in the limit of large network size. We show that the stability of the splay state depends crucially on the ratio between the pulse width and the interspike interval. More precisely, the spectrum of Floquet exponents turns out to consist of three components: (i) one that coincides with the predictions of the mean-field analysis [Abbott and van Vreesvijk, Phys. Rev. E 48, 1483 (1993)], (ii) a component measuring the instability of 'finite-frequency' modes, (iii) a number of 'isolated' eigenvalues that are connected to the characteristics of the single pulse and may give rise to strong instabilities (the Floquet exponent being proportional to the network size). Finally, as a side result, we find that the splay state can be stable even for inhibitory coupling.
Zillmer, Ruediger [Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Laboratoire de neurophysique et de physiologie du systeme moteur, CNRS-EP 1848, 45 Rue des Saints-Peres, 75270 Paris (France); INFN Sez. Firenze, via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Livi, Roberto [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Firenze, and Unita INFM via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); INFN Sez. Firenze, via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Dinamiche Complesse, via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Politi, Antonio [Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Dinamiche Complesse, via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Torcini, Alessandro [Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); INFN Sez. Firenze, via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy); Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Dinamiche Complesse, via Sansone, 1-I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Italy)
Hydrodynamic Efficiency of Ablation Propulsion with Pulsed Ion Beam
This paper presents the hydrodynamic efficiency of ablation plasma produced by pulsed ion beam on the basis of the ion beam-target interaction. We used a one-dimensional hydrodynamic fluid compressible to study the physics involved namely an ablation acceleration behavior and analyzed it as a rocketlike model in order to investigate its hydrodynamic variables for propulsion applications. These variables were estimated by the concept of ablation driven implosion in terms of ablated mass fraction, implosion efficiency, and hydrodynamic energy conversion. Herein, the energy conversion efficiency of 17.5% was achieved. In addition, the results show maximum energy efficiency of the ablation process (ablation efficiency) of 67% meaning the efficiency with which pulsed ion beam energy-ablation plasma conversion. The effects of ion beam energy deposition depth to hydrodynamic efficiency were briefly discussed. Further, an evaluation of propulsive force with high specific impulse of 4000s, total impulse of 34mN and momentum to energy ratio in the range of {mu}N/W was also analyzed.
Buttapeng, Chainarong; Yazawa, Masaru; Harada, Nobuhiro [Department of Electrical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188 (Japan); Suematsu, Hisayuki; Jiang Weihua; Yatsui, Kiyoshi [Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188 (Japan)
Performance and Controllability of Pulsed Ion Beam Ablation Propulsion
We propose novel propulsion driven by ablation plasma pressures produced by the irradiation of pulsed ion beams onto a propellant. The ion beam ablation propulsion demonstrates by a thin foil (50 {mu}mt), and the flyer velocity of 7.7 km/s at the ion beam energy density of 2 kJ/cm2 adopted by using the Time-of-flight method is observed numerically and experimentally. We estimate the performance of the ion beam ablation propulsion as specific impulse of 3600 s and impulse bit density of 1700 Ns/m2 obtained from the demonstration results. In the numerical analysis, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model with ion beam energy depositions is used. The control of the ion beam kinetic energy is only improvement of the performance but also propellant consumption. The spacecraft driven by the ion beam ablation provides high performance efficiency with short-pulsed ion beam irradiation. The numerical results of the advanced model explained latent heat and real gas equation of state agreed well with experimental ones over a wide range of the incident ion beam energy density.
Yazawa, Masaru; Buttapeng, Chainarong; Harada, Nobuhiro [Nagaoka University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 (Japan); Suematsu, Hisayuki; Jiang Weihua; Yatsui, Kiyoshi [Nagaoka University of Technology, Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188 (Japan)
Soft x-ray diagnostics for pulsed power machines
A variety of soft x-ray diagnostics are being fielded on the Los Alamos National Laboratory Pegasus and Procyon pulsed power systems and also being fielded on joint US/Russian magnetized target fusion experiments known as MAGO (Magnitoye Obzhatiye). The authors have designed a low-cost modular photoemissive detector designated the XRD-96 that uses commercial 1100 series aluminum for the photocathode. In addition to photocathode detectors a number of designs using solid state silicon photodiodes have been designed and fielded. They also present a soft x-ray time-integrated pinhole camera system that uses standard type TMAX-400 photographic film that obviates the need for expensive and no longer produced zero-overcoat soft x-ray emulsion film. In a typical experiment the desired spectral energy cuts, signal intensity levels, and desired field of view will determine diagnostic geometry and x-ray filters selected. The authors have developed several computer codes to assist in the diagnostic design process and data deconvolution. Examples of the diagnostic design process and data analysis for a typical pulsed power experiment are presented.
Idzorek, G.C.; Coulter, W.L.; Walsh, P.J.; Montoya, R.R.
Cryogenic pellet production developments for long-pulse plasma operation
Long pulse plasma operation on large magnetic fusion devices require multiple forms of cryogenically formed pellets for plasma fueling, on-demand edge localized mode (ELM) triggering, radiative cooling of the divertor, and impurity transport studies. The solid deuterium fueling and ELM triggering pellets can be formed by extrusions created by helium cooled, twin-screw extruder based injection system that freezes deuterium in the screw section. A solenoid actuated cutter mechanism is activated to cut the pellets from the extrusion, inserting them into the barrel, and then fired by the pneumatic valve pulse of high pressure gas. Fuel pellets are injected at a rate up to 10 Hz, and ELM triggering pellets are injected at rates up to 20 Hz. The radiative cooling and impurity transport study pellets are produced by introducing impurity gas into a helium cooled section of a pipe gun where it deposits in-situ. A pneumatic valve is opened and propellant gas is released downstream where it encounters a passive punch which initially accelerates the pellet before the gas flow around the finishes the pellet acceleration. This paper discusses the various cryogenic pellet production techniques based on the twin-screw extruder, pipe gun, and pellet punch designs.
Meitner, S. J.; Baylor, L. R.; Combs, S. K.; Fehling, D. T.; McGill, J. M.; Duckworth, R. C.; McGinnis, W. D.; Rasmussen, D. A. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1Bethel Valley Rd Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States)
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