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Letters to the Editor
Seeing penalties as cost of doing business
true"Making banks accountable" is a well-written editorial (Pensions & Investments, June 1) that reveals a classic David vs. Goliath situation: The banks hold the upper hand in terms of money, power and connections to legislatures. The editorial illustrates a prevailing philosophy among current ...
Consolidation fails to give full picture of funded levels
trueI'm a frequent and satisfied reader of pionline.com and I've attended your well-planned conferences. I was even mentioned in your April 17, 2006, edition.
Missing the point of employer groups in Tibble fee case
trueThe March 9 editorial, Wasting 401(k) plan assets, contains a number of inaccuracies and misrepresentations of the employer community's position on Tibble vs. Edison, the pending U.S. Supreme Court case involving 401(k) plan fees. The undersigned organizations filed an amicus brief on Jan. 23 in ...
Pension cuts? All I worked "now was for nothing'
truePension cuts? All I worked "now was for nothing'
Adding liabilities as a reference point to MPT
trueFrank Sortino and Hal Forsey, along with Robert C. Merton, make some very important points about the importance of asset-liability management considerations not only for defined benefit pension funds, but also for defined contribution funds (Pensions & Investments, Other Views, Nov. 24).
Should active management die? No, keep small elite
trueA front-page story in the Sept. 15 Pensions & Investments headlined "Move to passive likely to build still more steam" prognosticates the slow death of active management.
Money-weighted returns the way to go
trueI was pleased to see the article regarding the Governmental Accounting Standards Board's new requirement for public pension funds to use the internal rate of return ("Good returns ease public fund fears as GASB reporting changes take hold," Sept. 15, page 2). To me, this is a massive change that ...
Ranking Credit Suisse's assets in hedge funds
trueCredit Suisse Asset Management did not appear in the annual survey of hedge fund managers and hedge funds of funds managers, but for the record Credit Suisse Asset Management's assets under management as of June 30 were:
Outcomes the key metric for target-date funds
trueIn regard to the Aug. 18 Pensions & Investments' page 4 story, Some target-date funds are boosting equities:
Timbervest CEO disputes SEC
trueThe story, "SEC ruling expected in Timbervest case" (Aug. 18, 2014) did not contain much of our side of the story in part because the reporter mostly relied upon the SEC's biased information. Among the points missed is the administrative law judge's prior ruling that disbarment of the principals ...
Putting the value of proxy-vote assets to full use
trueThank you for your important editorial, "Winning over proxy voters" (Pensions & Investments, May 12), which argues that institutional investors have a fiduciary duty to announce their proxy votes in advance of annual meetings, if doing so is likely to influence voters.
Public-private plans fill pension gap
trueIn its June 9 editorial, Pensions & Investments is right to raise a caution flag over states' decisions to provide saving assistance for small-business workers and owners, but the conclusion is wrong. Yes it's complex, but providing missing retirement security to millions of Americans is both a ...
SFERS CIO has failed to make a credible case for hedge funds
trueThis letter responds to Pensions & Investments' article entitled "San Francisco CIO proposes major asset allocation overhaul" (P&I Daily, May 22), which reported that San Francisco Employees' Retirement System's new chief investment officer proposed that the fund invest 15% of its assets ($3 ...
Tax avoidance harms pensions
trueI couldn't help but notice that your April 28 editorial urging pension funds to consider that high U.S. corporate tax rates apparently adversely impact fund investment performance was placed directly across from an Other Views commentary on public employee pension underfunding.
SOA ideas not a pathway to stronger public plans
trueThe National Conference on Public Employee Retirement Systems couldn't disagree more strongly with Pensions & Investments' conclusion that public pension plans should adopt the recent recommendations of an ad hoc panel of the Society of Actuaries (Editorial, A pathway to stronger plans, March 3).


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12 Rooms! Multiple availableColombia, Antioquia, Medellin
About This Listing
Two rooms available now!
Space where guests can cook their own meals
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Alojamiento para grupos en Medellin!
Contact me, even if system says dates not available. NEXT OPENING FOR A PRIVATE ROOM IS JUNE 20.
If you are looking for an alternative to expensive hotels and corporate apartments, International House Medellin may be what you are looking for.
Prices vary by room type and length of stay. The airbnb pricing system doesn't always work correctly, so please write me for a quote.
Here you can enjoy community or privacy, by interacting when you want with the other international residents of the building. Most come to study Spanish, work, semester abroad, do volunteer work, or just enjoy one of the most innovative cities in the world.
The building consists of three apartments:
Apt 201 - 5 bedroom, 2 full bath, 2 half bath, kitchen, living room, dining room, balcony. Each bedroom has one bunk bed and one queen-sized bed.
Apt 301 - 5 bedroom, 2 full bath, 2 half bath, kitchen, living room, dining room, balcony. Each bedroom has one queen-sized bed.
Apt 401 - 3 bedroom, 2 bath, currently occupied
All rooms are fully furnished with firm, queen-sized beds, desk, TV, digital safe, linens, etc. Extra beds are available if you want to share a room.
We are conveniently located in the geographic hub of Medellin with easy access to all forms of public transportation. Within one block there are buses to the metro, to the entertainment district (El Poblado, Zona Rosa, Parque Lleras). Walk three blocks and you can catch the new MetroPlus line, a dedicated bus lane that gets you to important destinations quickly.
Directly in front of the building is one of the largest, most-visited Sports/recrecation complexes in Medellin, La Unidad Deportiva de Belen. Here you can play basketball, soccer, frisbee, tennis, etc., for free! Use of the swimming pool is about $2/day. There is also a new, international standard, 16-lane bowling alley, two pools (one olympic), archery, dirt bike riding course, and much more.
Fast and Stable Wifi throughout the building, including rooftop and downstairs deck area.
From the roof you have an incredible 360 degree view of the city of Medellin. The rooftop seating area is a huge, u-shaped sofa, accented with original tables made from antique doors, windows, and skylights.
Large gas grill on the roof, steam room, washer/dryer, and full bathroom with shower.
So, if you want a healthy environment for your stay in Medellin, come to International House Medellin, and your host Joel will make sure your stay exceeds your expectations.
Guest Access
Alojamiento para grupos en Medellin.
Capacidad para 50 personas en 14 habitaciones. Edificio moderno frente a la unidad deportiva de belén. Cerquita al estadio (10 minutos). 10 baños. Agua caliente 24/7. 4 cocinas, 8 neveras. Hermosa terraza con vista a toda la ciudad. Terraza completamente protegida del intemperie con domo corredizo.
22 Reviews
The host canceled this reservation 7 days before arrival. This is an automated posting.
I rented a private room for a month, and found it to be a great value for the price, with an active social atmosphere with other guests. A busy MetroPlus bus stop is a five minute walk away, connecting you to the MetroCable and all of Medellín. If you aren't a transit fan, it never takes more than a couple of minutes to get a taxi right out front.
Booking through AirBnB was super easy and Joel was immediately responsive. The hostel was very clean and located in a safe residential area. Across the street is a huge sports complex (like an outdoor YMCA) with soccer fields and basketball courts and it it is lit up at night and people are plying there until late, so it feels very safe. The nearest MetroPlus (bus rapid transit), "Fatima" is about two blocks from the hostel, and on the way you will pass fruit vendors where you can buy delicious pineapple and papayas! The rooms in the hostel and simple and clean and the bathrooms are nice. There is a kitchen on each floor and I can say ours was extremely nice. The roof deck, as promised, had a great view of Medellin, although it could have used a little cleaning. Another great feature was the small bodega on the first floor that is run by the same people. At night you can go down there and share some beers with friends on tables that spill out into the street.
Joel was extremely accommodating and very friendly. The hostel was amazing with a kitchen and bathroom on every floor. Being a hostel you can have complete solitude in your private room if you wish or join others on the roof if you want to be social.
The view from the roof is incredible and is an excellent place to relax at the end of the day. I highly recommend staying here.
International House was a great experience for me. Joel is such a nice guy and really accommodating. I was unhappy with my first room because I needed somewhere to work and he provided me an alternative that was great. If you want an alternative to the party atmosphere found in Poblado than this is a great spot. Really nice neighborhood and much cheaper than Poblado. Happy travels.
La estadía en el hospedaje de Joel fue comoda, el barrio muy céntrico y la gente muy amable.
Joel heeft ons fijn ontvangen en ons nog de mogelijkheid gegeven om op het laatste moment van kamer te switchen. De (bad)kamers waren in goede conditie, maar de faciliteiten in de keuken waren armoedig. Geen goede pan, kapot gasfornuis en andere kapotte apparaten. Het dakterras is prachtig, maar er werd iedere dag geblowd (en stonk er erg) dus we hebben er nooit gebruik van gemaakt. Ook is het heel luidruchtig(de hele nacht+vanaf 6uur sochtends weer) in de kamers aan de straatkant, tevens de enige kamers met ramen.
Alle ruimtes waren wel SPIC EN SPAN! Er werd vrijwel iedere dag schoon gemaakt
This host has 26 reviews for other properties.View Other Reviews
About the Host, Joel
Multilingual entrepreneur

subset: commoncrawl


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He was the best doctor I have ever been to. I would highly recommend him to anyone needing a podiatrist.
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I went to Dr. Otiko to try laser treatment for a very stubborn case of toenail fungus. He was very helpful with advice on other supportive home therapies to combine with the laser treatment. Also, it took a prescription of an internal anti-fungal to finally knock the infection out. He is fun to talk with, very helpful, and gets the job done. I give him max stars.
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I had plantar faschitis in both feet and called Chris for help his free advice over the phone was so professional and helpful I decided to book a consultation with him which was absolutely amazing . Chris gave my feet a re alignment massage which felt great and eased pains in my feet immediately , I highly reccomend him as a top professional and always refer my clients to him.
Neil Jackson personal trainer.
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My visit here was very pleasant. I've been coming to this office for years and I always get the best service. The staff was very caring and kind.
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We were referred to Dr. Otiko to treat Mom's open wound, she is diabetic. We followed Dr.'s instructions and within the first week we saw significant results. He monitored her frequently and she was completely healed in one month. To date, no other wounds have surfaced. Mom now sees him for regular foot care. Thank You Dr. Otiko!!
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Highly recommend Dr.Otiko. Excellent podiatrist. He is very nice and very proffesional .He treated my infected ingrown toenail with great care.The procedure was fast and painless .His office staff was also very nice and very helpful .
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][328610].votes_count ]]
Dr. Chris Otiko is awesome! Years ago I got a fungal infection on my big toe from a nail salon. I tried everything to get rig of it! I tried cream, drops, and bleach. I saw different podiatrists through my own medical insurance. I took Lamisil 3 times. Sometimes it would go away but it always came back. I saw Dr. Otiko's deal on Groupon and decided to take a risk. The fungus on my big toe was so bad at this point and it had begun to spread to three other toes. After the first treatment the 3 toes it spread to had grown out clear, and the majorly infected toe looked much better. I was originally told it may take 2-3 treatments on the one horrible toe. I completed my 2nd treatment on that toe and can already see it's growing in even more clear. Treating this embarrassing foot problem with Dr. Otiko already took care of the 3 toes and I'm confident it will make it go away on the big one for good too . He is so knowledgeable, can get rid of it, and knows how to prevent it from returning.
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Wow!!! Doctors are considered the best salesman - suggesting things you don't need. But this guy was the very opposite. He was personable, warm, knowledgeable and most importantly, he listened. I explained a problem that I'd been having with my feet and he worked with me to understand my pain and found a solve that had me back on my feet in no time. If I could give him a 100 out of 5 I would. Amazing Dr. Otiko. Thank you!
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I have suffered for over 18 years with a toenail fungus problem on my big toe. As a female, this has always been a major hassle for me because I would never dare step foot out of the house without an acrylic to cover my embarrassing toe. Over the years I have been to many podiatrists and tried endless creams, medications etc all with no success in curing this problem. However, Dr. Otiko cured my toe nail fungus after two treatments of laser therapy. I am AMAZED and can not express what a relief it is to not have to deal with this embarrassing problem. The treatment was pain free, reasonably priced and fast. Dr. Otiko was extremely thorough in explaining the entire process and how to properly care for my toe at home to prevent any future return of the fungus. I highly recommend this treatment and Dr. Otiko. Thank you Dr. Otiko!!
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Dr. Otiko has been treating my fungal toenails for nearly 9 months. I am a dancer who's spent many years stuffing my feet into tight shoes and then pounding on them, all of which hasn't helped my current situation. In these 9 months I've had two foot surgeries (through another surgeon and completely unrelated to fungus but rather to old dance injuries) and Dr. Otiko has been wonderfully kind and patient, inquiring about the procedures and my subsequent healing. Meanwhile, my nails are very slowly showing signs of clearing. Dr. Otiko is not rushing to charge me more to do another laser treatment, but rather continuing to follow-up with me and monitoring my nails' progress. He is incredibly generous with him office time, as well, making me (and I'm sure everyone he meets) feel like there's nowhere else he'd like to be.
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Email AddressVerified
Phone Number(▒▒▒) ▒▒▒- ▒▒ 44
Reviewed47 Reviews
Hey, I'm Deluxe Choice!
**Important** Below you will find a review from one disgruntled guest (Victoria) stating that we have pest. Please do not accept this as truth. Please read all the reviews and you will see that no one has ever seen anything like what she is stating because it is not the truth. Our guest house is clean and pleasant with great staff, Please do not miss out because of one guest.
Thank You***
Deluxe Choice Guesthouse, New York, is located in the historic Bedford- Stuyvesant district in Brooklyn. Ranked by Time Out Magazine as one of the top 10 neighborhoods in NYC. The neighborhood is safe, lively and is surrounded by public transportation. With the J, M, and Z trains only minutes away, guests can get to Midtown in 20 minutes and to Times Square in 25. Located in a beautiful brownstone, this Guesthouse is very cozy allowing for an extremely high level of customer service and satisfaction. All rooms are equipped with bunk beds and the facility boasts a television, DVD player, Wi-fi, telephone, coffee / tea making facilities, air-conditioning, heating, the bathrooms are shared. Guests also have access to a shared kitchen and spacious outdoor area in the backyard.


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- Nordic Ware Heritage Bundt® Pan Sugg. Price: $50 Our Price: $36
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- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Quarter Sheet, Set of 2 $36.95
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Cookie Sheet Sugg. Price: $29.95 – $59.90 Our Price: $29.95 – $54
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Square Cake Pans Sugg. Price: $26.95 – $55.90 Our Price: $26.95 – $48
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Round Cake Pans Sugg. Price: $22.95 – $49.90 Our Price: $22.95 – $42
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Mini Loaf Pans, Set of 4 $28.95
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Muffin Pan, 12-Well $29.95
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Large Muffin Pan, 6-Well $36.95
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Pie Dish Sugg. Price: $18.95 – $37.90 Our Price: $18.95 – $32
- Silpat Silicone Cookie Sheet Liners $21.95 – $26.95
- Nordic Ware Anniversary Bundt® Pan Sugg. Price: $50 Our Price: $36
- Nordic Ware Blossom Bundt® Cake Pan Sugg. Price: $50 Our Price: $36
- Nordic Ware Mini Bundt® Cake Pan Sugg. Price: $52 Our Price: $38
- Le Creuset Heritage Stoneware Loaf Pan Sugg. Price: $65 – $80 Our Price: $45 – $55
- Maple Rolling Pin $39.95
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Nonstick Meatloaf Pan with Insert $32
- Williams-Sonoma Traditional Finish Pullman Loaf Pan $29.95
- Williams-Sonoma Goldtouch® Mini Loaf Pan Plaque $33.95
- Tartlet Baking Set $29.95
- Bouchon Mold $29.95
Best Bakeware, Best Baking Pans & Best Cake Pans
If you bake often or want to start baking more, our collection of top rated bakeware is right for you. This collection is curated from a number of best bakeware brands to include the best baking pans and the best cake pans. Choose a Silpat silicone cookie sheet liner, an Emile Henry loaf pan or a Nordic Ware Bundt pan from this collection. Pair your bakeware with our cookie cutters and cake decorating supplies to bake tasty baked goodies for family and friends.
Bake the delectable creations of your dreams with our comprehensive set. We've assembled a professional baking set to handle everyone's favorite recipe, including bread, muffins, rolls, cakes, pies and cookies. Designed for impeccable performance, these signature pans feature our ...
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Introduced by Nordic Ware in the mid 20th century, the Bundt cake pan inspired American bakers to create a world of delicious new desserts. We're pleased to offer a special replica of the original pan, sized for a petite ...


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Pronunciation: fifteen
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Vegas Harley enjoys his first game at Florida State
Story | Sep 21, 2011 | 5:57 AM
Vegas Harley enjoys his first game at Florida State
Story | Sep 21, 2011 | 5:57 AM
This is the Chopping Block, covering Florida State for YOU (VIDEO)
Story | Sep 1, 2011
Alright, to our regular Chopping Block blog subscribers and attendees: Hello there. Please continue reading this entry, even if you know how things work around here. (I have some info below that you may not know about related to this weekend … check...
Wednesday's FSU-Duke links (Looking up to Peter Warrick edition)
Story | Oct 12, 2011
Good morning, good morning. Welcome to another fine day on this slice of paradise we call Earth. Like Tuesday, we'll keep the Wednesday FSU-Duke links pretty brief. From the Blue Devils' perspective, they'll start and end with two links, but just one...
College football playoffs are coming…will titles come for FSU, too?
Story | Jun 21, 2012
A brief Chopping Block update. Again, many thanks to Rachel George and Emory Parker who have done fine, fine work covering the College World Series here on the blog and on the Orlando Sentinel's Seminoles page. Some great videos up there. Thankfully, they...


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The mother of a toddler found dead at a coastal Oregon resort has been taken into custody, authorities said Sunday night.
The mother of a toddler found dead at a coastal Oregon resort has been taken into custody, authorities said Sunday night.
Jessica Smith, 40, faces charges of aggravated murder and attempted aggravated murder, Clatsop County District Attorney Josh Marquis said.
He said at a late-night news conference that she was being held at an Astoria jail and would appear for her arraignment, which would likely occur Monday afternoon.
Cannon Beach Police Chief Jason Schermerhorn said the suspect was taken into custody Sunday after a multiple agency search.
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She was found about 15 miles east of Cannon Beach off a logging road, The Oregonian reported. Police said a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter spotted her vehicle there.
Authorities had said earlier in the day that the mother of the toddler and a teen girl found seriously injured in a resort room was wanted on suspicion of murder.
The paper reported that Schermerhorn said the cause of death of the 2-year-old remains unknown after an autopsy. But it determined her death was a homicide.
Authorities had been looking for Smith of Goldendale, Washington, since a housekeeper discovered the toddler and her 13-year-old sister Friday morning at the resort. Previously, officials wanted to ensure Smith's welfare.
The teen had severe cut wounds, but authorities said she is expected to make a full recovery.
Smith and her children checked into the resort Wednesday, and there was no sign of forced entry, the chief said. The children's father has cooperated with investigators and has been ruled out as a suspect, Schermerhorn has said. Multiple media reports citing court records say the couple had recently separated.
The public was asked to watch for a 2007 gold Chevrolet Suburban with the Washington license plate APX 3141, which Smith was believed to be driving.
More than a dozen people from around Cannon Beach gathered Saturday evening for a candlelight vigil for the 2-year-old girl. One of the women who helped organize the vigil said they wanted to support the teen who survived as well as the community.
Information from: The Oregonian, http://www.oregonlive.com


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Originally written on Fox Sports North | Last updated 7/12/13
MINNEAPOLIS -- Welcome back to the start. When the Target Center emptied for a final time during the 2012-13 season April 17, the needs for the team sauntering off the floor were readily apparent. Get healthy. Get bigger. Get deeper. Get shooting. Get defense. Get better. Much, much better. Since then, a front-office regime change has brought an aggressive roster-building approach, which culminated in the past couple days as a busy free agency period came to a head. Holes have been plugged, money's exchanged hands, pieces have been moved, and the finished product is almost complete. Almost. Between the NBA Draft and subsequent free-agent signings of Chase Budinger, Corey Brewer, and Kevin Martin, new president of basketball operations Flip Saunders has built a machine with plenty of interchangeable parts. She's expected to run much better than the one that fizzled to a 31-51 record last year. "We had people we had targeted and what we wanted to do, and we pretty much were abl...
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There's a lot of fuss being made in some conservative quarters about Pope Francis's forthcoming encyclical about "man-made climate change." Let's stipulate at the outset that "climate change" is a lot of hooey that conceptually survives not the slightest bit of rational scrutiny and that the "global warming" industry is mostly a scam to enrich a few Leftists and bring down the West economically while helping Madre Gaia not one whit. So what?
Pope Francis will call for an ethical and economic revolution to prevent catastrophic climate change and growing inequality in a letter to the world's 1.2 billion Catholics on Thursday. In an unprecedented encyclical on the subject of the environment, the pontiff is expected to argue that humanity's exploitation of the planet's resources has crossed the Earth's natural boundaries, and that the world faces ruin without a revolution in hearts and minds. The much-anticipated message, which will be sent to the world's 5,000 Catholic bishops, will be published online in five languages on Thursday and is expected to be the most radical statement yet from the outspoken pontiff. However, it is certain to anger sections of Republican opinion in America by endorsing the warnings of climate scientists and admonishing rich elites, say cardinals and scientists who have advised the Vatican.
Here's my advice: ignore it. Yes, it plays into the nutty fears in some precincts that the pope is a crypto-Latin-American Marxist liberation theologist (he's actually just another Italian, who happens to have been born in Argentina, a demographically European country) who hates capitalism and is suspiciously nice to Muslims. News flash: the pope is Catholic. Which is to say he is concerned with the spirit, not the flesh; with the betterment of all mankind, not just Catholics; that he takes Church teaching seriously and that — surprise! — the first Jesuit pope follows consciously in the footsteps of his namesake and fellow Italian, St. Francis of Assisi. The quintessential rich kid who gave it all away and lived a life of extreme simplicity among God's creatures is, in fact, the patron saint of the environment:
Slowly companions came to Francis, people who wanted to follow his life of sleeping in the open, begging for garbage to eat…and loving God. With companions, Francis knew he now had to have some kind of direction to this life so he opened the Bible in three places. He read the command to the rich young man to sell all his good and give to the poor, the order to the apostles to take nothing on their journey, and the demand to take up the cross daily. "Here is our rule," Francis said — as simple, and as seemingly impossible, as that. He was going to do what no one thought possible any more — live by the Gospel. Francis took these commands so literally that he made one brother run after the thief who stole his hood and offer him his robe!
As I wrote here at PJ Media earlier:
Almost from the beginning of his papacy, there has been a lot of nonsense written about Pope Francis. On the Left, there has been much wishful thinking about how the former Cardinal Bergoglio is really a man of progressive sympathies, while on the Right, there is a deep suspicion that the first Jesuit pope is basically a "liberation theologian" who is not a particular fan of capitalism and may in fact be a sneak commie symp. Much of what the pope is said to have said turns out to be either a mistranslation or completely imaginary, the result of having reporters either ignorant of Catholicism or openly hostile to it reporting or commenting on the pope and the Church. So who is he? To quote the old joke, "Is the Pope Catholic?" You bet he is. To look at him any other way is simply wrong.Pages: 1 2 | 110 Comments»


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Arizona Diamondbacks
Updated Apr 24, 2014 - 9:07 pm
Randy Wolf impressive in Triple-A start
Signed to a minor league contract by the Arizona Diamondbacks earlier this month, veteran left-hander Randy Wolf was impressive Thursday for Triple-A Reno.
The 37-year-old who was outside of baseball in 2013 is now 2-1 with a 3.71 ERA for the Aces.
On Thursday, he mowed through the Salt Lake Bees, a Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim affiliate, allowing just five hits and one run over 6.0 innings.
He struck out four and walked three in the effort, allowing a solo home run as the only score the Bees would tally.
Wolf threw 104 pitches and 65 for strikes on Thursday.
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by Naomi Wax
January 1998
reviews (6)
make it again
Layer all ingredients in a shallow glass bowl. Serve with tortilla chips, corn chips, or taco shells.
Other versions of this are called "Aztec Calendar" and "7-Layer Dip". Its good for Superbowl-type events. In the "recipe" I have you mix the taco seasoning with the sour cream. And yes, add refried beans. Also black olives are good. Some people put chopped onion or green chile. It's very flexible at least.


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Qlik Product Marketing Manager Interview Questions
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Interviews for Top Jobs at Qlik
- Sales (2)
- Inside Sales (2)
- Marketing (2)
- Account Executive (1)
- Technical Account Manager (1)
- Senior Technical Support Engineer (1)
- Solution Architect (1)
- Regional Director (1)
- Senior Solutions Architect (1)
- Director (1)
- Pre-Sales Consultant (1)
- Product Marketing Manager (1)
- Business Development Representative (1)
- Alliance Director (1)
- Regional Director Sales (1)
- Named Account Manager (NAM) (1)
- Qonnect Manager (1)
- Sales Productivity Manager (1)
1 Candidate Interview Review Back to all InterviewsSort: Popular Date Difficulty
Helpful (3)
Product Marketing Manager Interview
I applied online. The process took 5 weeks – interviewed at Qlik (Newton, MA) in June 2012.
I received an email from the hiring manager directly. Quick phone call was set up the following day. The conversation over the phone had few questions about my resume, reason for leaving the current employer and availability. I was then called on-site where I interviewed with three members of the team and hiring manager himself. At this point, I should have got their decision but they had me talk to several other members in Europe. I provided references including the existing employer, writing samples and completed a mini-project for them. When I completed all the deliverables at my end, they kept me on a hold for a long time. I had another offer and had to know the decision. They could have been much more organized and direct in the hiring process.
Interview Questions
- What are your this year's personal growth objectives? Answer Question


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2 BR NEAR TO BEACHIndonesia, Bali, South Kuta
About This Listing
Our VILLA provides comfort and safety during your holiday. you can relax and enjoy in the swimming pool . VILLA we were close to Jimbaran beach, dreamland, blue point, uluwatu tample, traditional market and food, near atm, GWK (garuda wishnu kencana
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Central heating or a heater in the listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Our VILLA comes with a private pool and a place to relax
The surrounding is very peaceful, green, and your sleep will not be disturbed by the noise that often there is quite a hassle when you live in the city center.
Guest Access
- Private rooms, with ensuite bathrooms and hot water, shower
- 1 king size bed + AC + celling fan + desk + garden view
- 10 minutes walk to the restaurants, supermarkets
-15 minutes by car to kuta ,uluwatu tample,
-10 minutes by car to beach surving
- Free wifi internet,
- Swimming pools can be used day and night, always clean.
Interaction with Guests
we have some staff at the villa that will help our guests
The Neighborhood
Jimbaran beach plains, coastal blue point, dreamland. Where all the famous beach with good surfing location. and close to a very popular place to eat seafood grill is located on Jimbaran beach where we could enjoy a romantic dinner (candle light dinner) where we can sit on the white sand while watching the sunset and enjoying the beach air.
Getting Around
to get to our location from the airport can use the taxi or send email to us to be picked up at the airport
1 Review
The villa is centrally located on the Bukit peninsula with lots of shops and restaurants just 2 minutes by scooter away. In the beginning there was some confusion about the advertised rooms but eventually we got upgraded into bigger rooms which was nice.
This host has 31 reviews for other properties.View Other Reviews
About the Host, Mr
Hi saya ferry
Saya tinggal di jimbaran Bali.
Saya bekerja di bidang pariwisata, saya siap berbagi pengalaman tempat wisata di Bali agar liburan anda berkesan dan tidak terlupakan.
Saya juga merekomendasikan makanan enak yang ada di bali beserta tempat yang nyaman untuk bersantai menikmati indahnya matahari terbenam .
Saya berharap dapat menikmati indahnya Bali bersama teman teman Airbnb.


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Remember Me
The Life Of Kevin O'Brien
by Jenilee Prater
This is a book dedicated to a loving husband, father, son, pastor, and friend... Kevin O'Brien. He faithfully gave his life to the Lord to be used of Him in any way. We thank him for his example and desire to remember him through the memories God has allowed us to have with him.
Comment posted.
leahmccracke says
what a wonderful tribute to your father. beautifully done!
posted at 30 de nov. a las 20:07 PST
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Blurb Sites


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Tag: toc
June 13th, 2011
Tribute to Eliyahu Goldratt
In this podcast Ricardo makes a tribute to the Israeli physicist Elliyahu Goldratt. He passed away last Saturday, June 11th, 2001 with 64 years of age. Goldratt was one of the most charismatic and revolutionary thinkers of the organizational work. He created the Theory of Contraints (TOC) and the Critical Chain Project Management and his studies and researches are the working standard of the modern organizations worldwide.Tags: Corrente Critica, Caminho Crítico, Goldratt, TOC, Tributo
4 Comments 6416 views


text: Dat interior 5 Jake, Captain of the S.S Murdersofa (and the Angry Canadian)ProfileFollowUnfollow Jake, Captain of the S.S Murdersofa (and the Angry Canadian)Filed to: buicklopnik 8/28/14 11:07pmEditDelete Invite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for oppositelockHideShare to KinjaShare to PinterestGo to permalinkhnnng dear lord I want a '99 Riviera supercharged ?v=0 Advertisement Oh also the exterior. Sweet cheezus. ?v=0 5 22Reply 22Discuss


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"Making your bed just got a little more interesting" haha! Love it! Could you DIY these, I wonder??
awesome pillow. would be great with amy butler's coriander or french wallpaper applique'd on there!
Ok, so I have this "thing" for pillows! Why not?! Consider the potential to brighten a room. I chose to "love" these, not for the colours or patterns, but for the VISUAL TEXTURE! (especially the yellow one!) BHG DIY "simple-sew pillows"
cushions from Marks and Spencer. www.marksandspenc...
Flirty Pillows: DIY Tip: Create ruffles from ribbon by sewing two rows of basting stitches 1/4 inch apart down the center of the ribbon, leaving long trends. Pull the bottom threads to gather into ruffles.
find stencils (faith, hope, joy, etc) and dab with fabric paint. @Jackie Banks let's get pillow covers from ikea and stencil these for our couches!!
DIY Linen Flower Pillows... I may change it up and use two different colors as the base of the flower for more definition, as opposed to using two layers of the blue fabric... see instructions!
Scrumptious texture in this trio of pillows! Although I'm not a fan of grouping cushions that people really need to toss aside to sit comfortably in a chair ... these would look great on the right chair/sofa. I could see myself making these. #pillows #texture #DIY
Would love to do this with a Christmas theme. Lights, wreaths, Snowmen, etc...


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The Greek Bailout Crowdfunding Campaign That Crashed Indiegogo
So far, some 61,000 people have pledged an impressive 1 million euros to the campaign.
So far, some 61,000 people have pledged an impressive 1 million euros to the campaign.
Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras caved to European austerity demands. Germany says it's too late.
President Obama insists financial damage from the Greek default will be limited to Europe. It won't be.
A Puerto Rican default would trigger a mess on Wall Street.
On the verge of default, Greece asks Europe for a last-second loan.
Greek officials say they won't pay the IMF the $1.7 billion they owe by Tuesday. It's the opening salvo in a week that could lead to Greece getting kicked out of the eurozone.
American savings accounts will likely have some exposure to debt the Puerto Rican government can't pay.
A whole continent is now making things up as it goes along — all because Brussels was unwilling to face the possibility of failure.
Greece will shut down its financial system Monday to prevent collapse. Will PM Tsipras finally compromise, or will Athens fall into the economic abyss?
A rocket destined for the International Space Station exploded minutes after liftoff.
You have read of 5 free articles


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English Muffin Pizza
5 May 2011
|Bulk italian sausage
|1⁄8 Pound (1/3 Cup)
|English muffin
|1 , split and toasted
|Pizza sauce
|2 Tablespoon
|Chopped green pepper
|1 Tablespoon
|Shredded mozzarella cheese
|2 Tablespoon
|Grated parmesan cheese
|1 Teaspoon
Crumble bulk Italian sausage into 10-oz custard cup [15-oz casserole].
Cover loosely and microwave on high (550 watts), stirring every min, until done, 2 to 3 min [3 to 4 min]; break up and drain.
Spread 1 tbsp pizza sauce over each English muffin half.
Top with sausage and remaining ingredients.
Place on plate.
Microwave uncovered on high (550 watts) until cheese is melted and bubbly, 1 to 2 min [2 to 3 min].
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Main Dish
Preparation Time:10 Minutes
Cook Time:10 Minutes
Ready In:20 Minutes
Rate It
0 Comments
English Muffin Pizza Recipe


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Cool July On the Way -
Monday, June 29, 2015
Hot temperatures have been the rule over many areas of the far west, northwest and east over the past few weeks as June is ending on a warm note for many in those areas. However, while the heat will remain in the far west and east coast in July, the
(full story)
End of June Heat -
Tuesday, June 23, 2015
Temperatures have soared in the western U.S. over the past several days. Temperatures west of the Rockies have been above normal since June 1, especially in the Pacific Northwest, California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. Over the past few days some
(full story)
Desert Southwest Rains -
Monday, June 08, 2015
Over the course of this month and into July and August we are likely going to experience episodes of wet weather over the Desert Southwest as well as portions of the central and southern Rockies. We can thank warmer than normal water temperatures
(full story)
El Nino Developing -
Monday, June 01, 2015
We are continuing to keep an eye on water temperatures in the subtropical Pacific as indications continue to suggest the development of an El Nino this summer and fall season and perhaps into the beginning of the winter season. Over this
(full story)
June Outlook -
Tuesday, May 26, 2015
The month of May will go down as a very memorable month for many in the Central and Southern Plains, Rockies and High Plains in regards to record amounts of rain in many areas. In particular, rainfall was excessive in most of Texas, Oklahoma and Kan
(full story)
Cool and Wet May Weather Continues for Many -
Monday, May 18, 2015
The rain keeps coming for many areas of the plains, Rockies, Great Basin and western Corn Belt. The jet stream pattern remains stuck in gear and will continue to be stagnant for at least another two weeks. The end result will be what is called
(full story)
Wet May Weather Will Continue -
Monday, May 11, 2015
The month of May has started off very wet in many areas of the lower 48 states, especially in areas that have recently experienced drier than normal conditions over the winter season. The rains (and some snows) brought beneficial precipitation
(full story)
A Wet Start to May For Many -
Monday, May 04, 2015
For many in the Rockies, the Central and Southern Plains and across Nebraska and the Dakotas the winter was a mild and dry one. The mild and dry trend continued into March and the beginning of April. However, since then, rainfall (and some mountain
(full story)
May Moisture -
Monday, April 27, 2015
For beef producers looking ahead at the upcoming growing season for hay should be encouraged by recent trends during the last couple of weeks and developing trends as we head into May and June. In particular, some of the areas which were warmer
(full story)
April Showers -
Monday, April 20, 2015
For beef producers in the western and central High Plains, the skies finally opened up and rain and snow came. After a very mild and drier than normal March, rangeland conditions across Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas were
(full story)
El Nino Outlook 2015 -
Monday, April 13, 2015
The El Nino phenomenon can have a big impact on the climate across the lower 48 states through the course of a year, especially late winter and into spring time. Here is a refresher on El Nino, simply put, it is when water temperatures are above
(full story)
Remarkably Similar Winters Back to Back -
Tuesday, April 07, 2015
Now that spring like weather is starting to show up in some areas of the country we can start looking back at this past winter, its trends and its highlights. Right off the bat, many will remember the winter of 2014-15 has a harsh one acros
(full story)
...because this organization is determined to preserve
this way of life that we have all grown to love.


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"4 pages for a Phriday? Has it gotten that bad at SA?" So wrote one of the many whiners who contacts me with their petty quibbles. Well, I've got 8 pages of images for you this week, and 8 more next week, and they all rule! Take that, "Twiztid Justin"! Thanks to Tip for dialing the bananaphone, and to the Goons for accepting the charges!
Elliot said my breakup must have been due to the sweater curse, an unexplained phenomenon where anyone who gives their significant other a hand-knit sweater gets dumped. The only way to break the curse, Elliot said, was to destroy the sweater.
Can't tell a drinking fountain from a urinal? We've got you covered. Brush up on your drinking fountain enthusiast -- or sipper -- vocabulary and learn to talk and swap sips with the best of them.
Goon-made alternate Confederate and 'Don't Tread on Me' flags: Put THAT on your pole and salute it!
This game is so busted th- *interrupted by smart aleck Joker and Batmobile sequence*
In the tradition of NASCAR+Pinhead comes another combination of Southern thing/hellish abomination!
Photoshop Phriday showcases the tremendous image manipulation talents of the Something Awful Forum Goons. Each week they tackle a new theme, parodying movies, video games, comics, history, and anything else you can think of. If you want in on the action, join us on the Something Awful Forums!
Copyright ©2015 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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U - moon ("laid back" crescent) shows that position of Sun Earth and Moon has changed- update 2012: PROOF!!!! on page 6, new info on page11
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Thank you for your insights...it is good to know that there are still people who use direct observation instead of relying simulations and
man-made theories.
Just curious, but how is YOUR theory, as espoused here, not "man-made"?
Menow 935048
There are men and there are "men" not all men are the same, nor equal! Some are more equal than others, it is called disrimination by action and quality.
The Srimad Bhagavatam is not spoken by drunk leaches or debauchee butt finger smelling monkeys.
This is the same scriptures that speaks of the calculation of time from the atom and nuclear weapons controlled(precisely aiming and controlling so that nothing outside of the target is effected. Even if the target is the head of a pin!) by mantra. 5000 yrs ago! The melted sand-into-glass is evident in Kuruksetra, India and elsewhere.
In fact it wasn't until Pasteur, that you western monkeys even heard about boiling milk for God sake. That is 4700 yrs after the self same Vedas say to do it for good health.
I will stay with my fore fathers science of following the Vedas
Hell we've know for eons that our forefathers of great antiquity came from the higher planets(Sun, Moon, etc). They are called progenitors and create all life on this planet as there service to Visnu to administer the universe.
UFO's? You ain't seen nothing yet!
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How to Tell Someone's Age When All You Know Is Her Name
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Milk producers are dumping out hundreds of thousands of gallons of milk, right into fertilizer pits in order to drive prices back up.
Brain study sheds light on how new memories are formed
"The Fallout Ratio" Is Flashing Red - The Chart That Realtors Don't Want You To See
Solar Impulse attempts to cross weather front
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"Do you sometimes feel someone is there," the woman asks me. Her name is Asma Begum. She does full Ninja-turtle style hijab, smells of incense and the... More.
Hijab shampoo? What next!
August 1, 2011 | 2:41 am
A new product has hit the Pakistani market – Hijab shampoo. It's meant for women who cover their heads tightly in hijab that leaves their faces exposed.... More.


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Between The Receiver of Revenue and Insurance, I believe this is the legal problem of just handing over art to families still living. I know these delays are orchestrated, so you will have to be a lot more wise, to get this back quickly. Try not to be distracted by lobbying, be that smouse. It is true that the Germans all suffered in the last 100 years, and attempts have been made at rehabilitation so that biases, can be put down, for negotiations. You will be missing all the opportunities, in the noise of accusations. Be open, for any chance, to get it all immediately back to its families. The United States will just delay it for another big official bit of red tape.
If selected for publication, it will appear as soon as possible on Haaretz.com.


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Original recipe yields 6 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Ready In
This recipe was excellent! I gave it five stars because the taste was great and it was SO quick and easy to make (with the help of my food processor). I do have some qualms with the recipe tho...
This was a good use of leftovers and a nice comfort meal. I used a layer of stuffing as my base, then added the turkey and topped that with frozen green beans. Soup went on top, but I think th...
Made this after Thanksgiving, and our guests loved this. I also used a can of mushrooms in it. One thing I would change; As everything else in it was already "cooked" basically, the onions had ...


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The Global FlyFisher - The Largest and Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
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The Practical Fly TierThe subtitle contains the words "no-nonsense patterns" and that is exactly what it is. A book just after my heart and a perfect beginner's fly-tying book. 34 no-nonsense fly patterns and a lot of tying techniques nicely explained.
July 30th 2012


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Trinket Favor Box
Foil Patterned Favor Boxes
Whatever wedding favor you decide to give to guests, just be sure to package it in style with these foil patterned favor boxes. Available in your choice of color, each favor box is decorated with a metallic flourish pattern for added design and elegance. Try filling them with yummy treats or a fun trinket that guests will enjoy.View Product
2 Piece Square Favor Boxes
These elegant favor boxes are the perfect addition for your birthday party. Fill each with traditional Jordan almonds or a small but meaningful trinket. Choose from several colors and patterns and even mix and match tops and bottoms to create your own combinations (see images to the left). Please note that each box comes with matching top and bottom and that you will have to purchase a separate set of a second color in order ...View Product
Die-Cut Heart Favor Boxes
These decorative heart favor boxes are pretty enough to hand out party guests on their own! But go ahead and fill with either yummy treats or a fun trinket for a gift guests will enjoy. Each shimmery box is decorated with an ornate, die-cut heart design, and topped with a matching sheer ribbon.View Product
Nutcracker Mini Gift Boxes
Give the gift of nostalgia thanks to these Nutcracker mini gift boxes. Stylishly adorned with Nutcracker inspired designs, these colorful gift boxes are embellished with shiny gold foil for a beautifully elegant finish. Simply place a small gift or trinket inside each box and you're done! No need to wrap as this design is too beautiful to cover up.View Product
Square Favor Boxes with Personalized Baby Shower Labels
Don't judge a book by its cover, but do judge a favor by its square favor box with personalized baby shower labels! These charming little gift boxes come in your choice of design and cardstock color: white, black, or kraft. Simply customize with your personal message and then insert an adorable trinket inside for a unique shower favor.View Product
Square Favor Boxes with Personalized Labels
Don't judge a book by its cover, but do judge a favor by its favor box with personalized labels! These charming little gift boxes come in your choice of design and cardstock color: white, black, or kraft. Simply customize with your personal message and then insert an adorable trinket inside for a unique shower favor.View Product
Personalized Rustic Heart Favor Boxes
Add some rustic romance to your wedding reception with these beautiful little favor boxes. Each box is made of sturdy woodprint cardstock and features a die-cut heart window that shows the word "Love" at its center. Simply fill each box with a special treat or trinket for a pretty reminder of your big day. Boxes come with personalized labels in the style of your choosing - just enter your names and event date and affix ...View Product
Vintage Airmail Favor Box Kit
Send your guests home with a gift packed in this vintage airmail favor box. The classic air mail print on the box combined with the travel inspired charms make this a completely irresistible trinket. Guests will adore the package before they even get to what's on the inside! This favor works beautifully to highlight a vintage or rustic inspired wedding.View Product
Baby Block Trinket Box
This baby block trinket box is a cute-as-can-be gift or favor at baby showers. It comes in a pretty baby block design and opens up to perfectly store jewelry and other tiny treasures. Features the classic alphabet block design with raised, hand painted upper case letters on each side - A, B, C, D, E, in pastel yellow, pink, blue, purple and green.View Product
Religious Themed Trinket Box
Give your party guests a little blessing they can take home and enjoy for years to come with this beautiful religious trinket box. The interior of each box is just the right size to store and protect your tiny treasures, including jewels and small keepsakes. Perfect for baptisms, christenings, and holiday get-togethers, these religious trinket boxes are made of poly resin and have a shiny pewter finish accented by glittering rhinestones. Boxes arrive individually packaged ...View Product


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Appetite suppression occurs following a meal and also during conditions when it is unfavorable to eat, such as during illness or exposure to toxins. A brain region hypothesized to play a role in appetite suppression is the parabrachial nucleus (PBN)1-3, a heterogeneous population of neurons surrounding the superior cerebellar peduncle in the brainstem. The PBN is thought to mediate the suppression of appetite induced by the anorectic hormones amylin and cholecystokinin, as well as lithium chloride and lipopolysaccharide, compounds that mimic the effects of toxic foods and bacterial infections, respectively4-6. Hyperactivity of the PBN is also thought to cause starvation following ablation of orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in adult mice1,7. However, the identities of PBN neurons that regulate feeding are unknown, as are the functionally relevant downstream projections. Here we identify calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing neurons in the outer external lateral subdivision of the PBN that project to the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeAlc) as forming a functionally important circuit for the suppression of appetite. Using genetically-encoded anatomical, optogenetic8, and pharmacogenetic9 tools, we demonstrate that activation of PBelo CGRP neurons projecting to the CeAlc suppresses appetite. In contrast, inhibition of these neurons increases food intake in circumstances when mice do not normally eat and prevents starvation in adult AgRP neuron-ablated mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that this neural circuit from the PBN to CeAlc mediates appetite suppression in conditions when it is unfavorable to eat. This neural circuit may provide targets for therapeutic intervention to overcome or promote appetite.
The PBN contains subpopulations of neurons that regulate taste10,11, sodium intake12,13, respiration14, pain15,16, thermosensation17,18, and appetite suppression1-3,7. To identify a specific genetic marker for PBN neurons that suppress appetite, we analyzed expression of Fos, a surrogate marker of neuronal excitation, following genetic ablation of AgRP neurons or injection of lithium chloride (LiCl). AgRP neurons were ablated in mice expressing the human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) specifically in AgRP neurons (AgrpDTR mice)19. Both AgRP neuron ablation (2 DT injections at 50 μg/kg, intramuscular) and LiCl injection (84 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) induced Fos expression in the outer external lateral subdivision of the PBN (PBelo; Supplementary Fig. 1). To identify a potential genetic marker for these neurons, we consulted the Allen Brain Explorer (http://mouse.brain-map.org)20 and searched for genes enriched in the PBelo. The top candidate was Calca, the gene that encodes CGRP and calcitonin by alternative splicing21. Indeed, Fos expression in the PBN following ablation of AgRP neurons strongly overlapped with immunohistochemical detection of CGRP (Supplementary Fig. 2), similar to previous reports of coincident expression of Fos and CGRP following injection of LiCl or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)6,22.
To control gene expression in these neurons, we generated a genetic knock-in mouse expressing Cre recombinase at the Calca locus (Supplementary Fig. 3). When these mice were crossed with Cre-dependent TdTomato reporter mice, ubiquitous red fluorescence was detected throughout the brain, likely due to transient Cre expression during development. However, injection of a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying a mCherry reporter directly into the PBN region of adult CalcaCre/+ mice (Fig. 1a) resulted in specific expression of mCherry in CGRP-positive neurons in the PBelo (Fig. 1b and Supplementary Figs. 4, 5).
To map activity in PBelo CGRP neurons, we compared virally targeted mCherry fluorescence with Fos following an array of environmental conditions that induce appetite suppression (see Supplementary Fig. 6 for specific paradigms used). In the lateral PBN, >80% of Fos expression co-localized with CGRP neurons following AgRP neuron ablation, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LiCl, injection of LPS (Fig. 1c-h), or injection of the satiety hormones amylin or cholecystokinin (CCK; Supplementary Fig. 7a-d). In contrast, few Fos-positive neurons were observed in animals injected with saline (Fig. 1i,j), fasted for 24 h, or following aversive tail pinching (Supplementary Fig. 7e-h). Importantly, the percentage of CGRP neurons co-expressing Fos significantly correlated with the reduction in food intake relative to baseline conditions (Fig. 1k,l; see figure legends for P values and Supplementary Information for detailed statistical analyses). These results suggest that PBelo CGRP neurons are active during conditions in which appetite is suppressed but not in response to general adverse conditions.
To determine if transient stimulation of PBelo CGRP neurons is sufficient to reduce food intake, we unilaterally injected AAV carrying a Cre-dependent channelrhodopsin-2 transgene (AAV1 DIO ChR2-mCherry)8 into the PBN of CalcaCre/+ mice (Fig. 2a). Photostimulation reliably induced action potentials in mCherry-positive neurons in acute brainstem slices at multiple frequencies (20-40 Hz; Supplementary Fig. 8a) and 30 Hz photostimulation was sufficient to induce expression of Fos in vivo (Supplementary Fig. 8b,c). Stimulation of CGRP neurons in vivo for 5 min at 30 or 40 Hz (10-ms pulses) significantly and reversibly suppressed food intake during both baseline conditions and also following a 24-h fast (Fig. 2b,c and Supplementary Fig. 8d), demonstrating that activating these neurons is sufficient to suppress food intake. Suppression of feeding following photostimulation was rapid (within 5-10 s; Supplementary Video 1) and reversible (mice typically resumed feeding within 5-10 min after photostimulation ceased). Importantly, stimulation at these frequencies did not impair movement or cause overt signs of distress (Supplementary Video 1).
To determine the effects of longer-term stimulation of PBelo CGRP neurons, we unilaterally transduced these neurons with AAV carrying a Cre-dependent hM3Dq-mCherry9,23 transgene (Fig. 2d). Stimulation of hM3Dq with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO, 1 mg/kg) induced Fos expression (Supplementary Fig. 9) and suppressed food intake during both baseline conditions and following a 24-h fast (Fig. 2e,f). Chronic stimulation (once every 12 h for 4 d) resulted in a dramatic reduction in food intake and body weight (Fig. 2g,h), demonstrating that long-term activation of these neurons is sufficient to cause starvation.
To determine the effects of inhibiting PBelo CGRP neurons, we bilaterally transduced these neurons with AAV carrying a Cre-dependent hM4Di-mCherry9,23 transgene (Fig. 3a). In acute brainstem slices, bath infusion of CNO reversibly reduced the firing frequency of hM4Di-expressing neurons to 24.98 ± 8.96% of baseline (Supplementary Fig. 10a,b). There was no change in baseline food intake or body weight following i.p. injection of CNO in either acute or chronic (once every 12 h for 4 d) conditions (Supplementary Fig. 11). However, inhibition of CGRP neurons with CNO decreased the suppression of appetite observed following injection of LiCl or LPS (Fig. 3b). Consistent with this observation, inhibition by hM4Di also blocked the increase of Fos expression in the PBelo under these conditions (Supplementary Fig. 10c-f). Additionally, inhibition of CGRP neurons with CNO ameliorated appetite suppression following injection of amylin and CCK, although not to statistical significance (Fig. 3b). Because genetic ablation of AgRP neurons induces Fos expression in PBelo CGRP neurons and leads to starvation, we hypothesized that bilateral inhibition of CGRP neurons would prevent starvation in these animals. To test this hypothesis, we bred AgrpDTR/+ mice with CalcaCre/+ mice and bilaterally injected AgrpDTR/+/CalcaCre/+ offspring with AAV virus carrying Cre-dependent hM4Di-mCherry. Indeed, chronic inhibition (injection of CNO every 12 h for 8 d) ameliorated the anorexia and prevented starvation following AgRP neuron ablation (Fig 3c,d). Taken together, these results demonstrate that inhibition of PBelo CGRP neurons increases food intake under conditions that normally suppress appetite.
To examine the relevant efferent projections of PBelo CGRP neurons, we simultaneously injected two AAV vectors carrying either Cre-dependent mCherry or Cre-dependent Synaptophysin-Green Fluorescent Protein (Syn-GFP) transgenes into the PBN of CalcaCre/+ mice. We observed dense expression of mCherry- and GFP-positive fibers in the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeAlc; Fig. 4a). This expression overlapped with immunohistochemical detection of CGRP in fiber terminals in the CeAlc (Fig. 4a) and is consistent with previous reports describing projections from the PBN to the central amygdala16,24,25. To a lesser degree, we also observed expression of mCherry and Syn-GFP in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST; Supplementary Fig. 12). We observed sparse expression of mCherry and Syn-GFP in the lateral hypothalamus, medial thalamus, and within the dorsal PBN; expression was notably absent from previously described satiety centers, such as the arcuate nucleus26 or paraventricular hypothalamus27. To confirm the specificity of projections from the PBelo to the CeAlc, we injected green fluorescent retrobeads into the CeAlc and AAV carrying Cre-dependent mCherry in the PBelo of CalcaCre/+ mice. mCherry was expressed in >95% retrogradely-labeled green fluorescent neurons (Supplementary Fig. 13).
To demonstrate functional connectivity between the PBelo and the CeAlc, we transduced PBelo CGRP neurons with Cre-dependent ChR2-mCherry. In vivo photostimulation of either the PBelo or downstream projections in the CeAlc resulted in an increase in Fos expression within the CeAlc (Supplementary Fig. 14a-f). In acute brain slices, optical stimulation of ChR2-mCherry-positive fibers in the CeAlc resulted in excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs, Fig. 4b and Supplementary Fig. 14g,h) and an increase in firing rate (Supplementary Fig. 14i) in CeAlc neurons (11 out of 25 cells showed an optically evoked response). The EPSCs and the increase in firing rate were blocked by bath application of the glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX (10 μM) and APV (50 μM), indicating that PBelo CGRP neurons form an excitatory synaptic connection with neurons of the CeAlc (Fig 4b and Supplementary Fig. 14g-i). To determine the effect of stimulating PBelo-to-CeAlc projections on food intake, we transduced PBelo CGRP neurons with ChR2-mCherry and implanted fiber optic cannulae above the CeAlc (Fig. 4c). Photostimulation of projections into the CeAlc for 5 min at 20-40 Hz significantly and reversibly suppressed food intake (Fig. 4d and Supplementary Fig. 15). In contrast, stimulation of PBelo projections to the BNST for 5 min had no significant effect on food intake (Supplementary Fig. 16). Taken together, these results indicate that direct projections from PBelo CGRP neurons to the CeAlc are sufficient to reduce food intake.
To determine the necessity of the PBelo-to-CeAlc projection in mediating appetite suppression, we bilaterally injected canine adenovirus (CAV2) carrying Cre recombinase into the CeAlc. CAV2 is capable of efficient retrograde transport28 and therefore will express Cre in upstream PBelo neurons. In the same animals, we also bilaterally injected AAV carrying a Cre-dependent hM4Di transgene into the PBN (Fig. 4e). Inhibition of PBN neurons with CNO decreased the suppression of appetite observed following injection of LiCl or LPS (Fig. 4f), demonstrating that activity in PBelo neurons projecting to the CeAlc is necessary for the normal suppression of appetite observed following injection of LiCl or LPS.
Taken together, these results demonstrate a neural circuit from CGRP-expressing neurons in the PBelo to the CeAlc that mediates appetite suppression. One of our observations was that inhibition of PBN neurons increased food intake when mice did not normally eat (Fig. 3b-d, Fig. 4f), but did not statistically increase food intake in baseline conditions (Supplementary Fig. 11) or following injection of amylin or CCK (Fig. 3b). These findings are consistent with those of Atasoy et al.27, who did not find any effect on food intake following stimulation of inhibitory projections from AgRP neurons to the PBN. Perhaps inhibitory projections from AgRP neurons do not stimulate food intake in baseline conditions but do decrease the suppression of appetite when the PBN is most active. Thus, ablation of AgRP neurons causes starvation in adult mice because of disinhibition in the PBelo7. Additionally, PBelo CGRP neurons may not mediate the ordinary, routine satiety experienced following a meal, but may mediate more severe forms of satiety experienced during severe overfeeding (gastric distention), illness, or other conditions in which it is unhealthy to eat such as dehydration or vertigo.
While it is well-established that multiple hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei coordinate appetite and satiety26,29, this study demonstrates the involvement of downstream circuitry that may mediate the "unpleasant feeling" or discomfort that results from adverse conditions during which it is unfavorable to eat. Indeed, the CeAlc is known to process polymodal information about the internal and external bodily environment including adverse visceral stimuli30. Adding to previous results1,7, we propose that PBelo CGRP neurons integrate visceral and energy balance information and communicate with the CeAlc to mediate extreme satiety and malaise (Supplementary Fig. 17).
All experiments were approved by the University of Washington Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were performed in accordance with the guidelines described in the U.S. National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. We used exclusively heterozygous male CalcaCre/+ and AgrpDTR/+ mice backcrossed onto a C57Bl/6 background, aged 7-9 weeks at the start of experimental procedures and no more than 18 weeks at the end of experimental procedures. Prior to stereotaxic surgery, mice were group housed and maintained with rodent diet (Picolab, #5053) and water available ad libitum with a 12-h light-dark cycle at 22 °C. Following surgical procedures, mice were individually housed and maintained with a liquid diet (Vanilla Ensure, Abbot Laboratories) and water available ad libitum. We performed experiments on 3-4 experimental animals (e.g. animals transduced with ChR2, hM3Dq, hM4Di) and 3-4 control animals (e.g. animals only transduced with mCherry) at the same time to avoid differences in results between experimental sessions. Animals were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group within each litter.
A 14 kb BstB1-Pac1 fragment was isolated from a C57Bl/6 mouse BAC clone. A unique Sal1 site was introduced at the initiation codon of Calca in exon 2 by PCR. Next, a 7 kb Spe1-Sal1 5′ fragment was cloned into a targeting vector containing a frt-flanked PkgNeo gene for positive selection and Pgk DTA and HSV-TK genes for negative selection. This was followed by insertion of a 3′ 7 kb Sal1-Pac1 fragment. The gene encoding the Cre-GFP fusion protein with an N-terminal myc-tag and nuclear localization signal was cloned into the unique Xho1 site adjacent to frt-PgkNeo. The targeting construct was linearized with Asc1 and electroporated into G4 hybrid (C57Bl/6 × Sv129) embryonic stem cells. Eighteen correctly targeted clones were identified out of 96 by Southern blot of EcoRV digested DNA using using a unique probe outside the targeting vector. Several of these clones gave good chimeras when injected into C57Bl/6 hosts. One chimera was bred with FLPer (Rosa26-Flip recombinase) to remove the frt-Pgk-Neo gene.
Cre-dependent pAAV mCherry and ChR2-mCherry (driven by the Ef1α promoter) DNA plasmids were kindly provided by Dr. Karl Deisseroth and Cre-dependent pAAV hM3Dq-mCherry and hM4Di-mCherry (driven by the human synapsin promoter) DNA plasmids were kindly provided by Dr. Bryan Roth. pAAV Synaptophysin-GFP was generated by fusing the 3′ end of the mouse Synaptophysin coding region with the 5′ end of the GFP coding region. This sequence was then exchanged with mCherry in the pAAV mCherry plasmid to make the transgene Cre-dependent. Recombination-deficient AAV vectors were prepared in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells with AAV1 coat serotype, purified by sucrose and CsCl gradient centrifugation steps, and resuspended in 1× Hanks Balanced Saline Solution (HBSS) at a titer of approximately 2 × 109 viral genomes/μl. CAV2 Cre was prepared in dog kidney (DK/E1-1) cells, purified by sucrose and CsCl gradient centrifugation steps, and resuspended in 1× HBSS at a titer of approximately 2.5 × 109 viral genomes/μl as described previously31. Viral aliquots were stored at −80 °C prior to stereotaxic injection.
At the start of surgical procedures, mice were anesthetized with isofluorane and placed on a stereotaxic frame (David Kopf Instruments). Stereotaxic coordinates for the anterior-posterior plane were normalized using a correction factor [F = (Bregma – Lamda distance)/4.21] based on the coordinates of Paxinos and Franklin32. Virus was injected unilaterally (on the left side) or bilaterally as described in the text either in the PBN [anteroposterior (AP), −4.9 mm; mediolateral (ML), 1.4 mm; dorsoventral (DV), 3.8 mm] or the CeAlc (AP, −1.2 mm; ML, 2.6 mm; DV, 5.4 mm) at a rate of 0.2 μl/min for 2.5 min (0.5 μl total volume). Note that the viral injection coordinates target the most anterior aspect of the PBN, however, the virus diffuses posteriorly to hit all PBN subnuclei; this injection site improves the accuracy of injecting into the lateral PBN between the superior cerebellar peduncle (scp) and lateral wall of the pons. Also note that the presence of the scp fortuitously limits the spread of virus from the PBN region, thus preventing unintended transduction of other nearby Calca-expressing brain regions.
After viral injection, mice used for optogenetic experiments also received unilateral surgical implantation of a Mono Fiberoptic Cannula (Doric Lenses), either above the PBN (AP, −5.2 mm; ML, 1.6 mm; DV, 3.0 mm), CeAlc (AP, −1.2 mm; ML, 2.6 mm; DV, 5.4 mm) or BNST (AP, +0.14 mm; ML, 1.0 mm; DV, 4.0 mm). Cannulae were affixed to the skull with C&B Metabond (Parkell) and dental acrylic.
Coronal brain slices (250 μm) were prepared in an ice slush solution containing (in mM): 250 sucrose, 3 KCl, 2 MgSO4, 1.2 NaH2PO4, 10 D-glucose, 25 NaHCO3, 0.1 CaCl2. Slices recovered for 1 hour at 34°C in artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ACSF) continually bubbled with O2/CO2 and containing (in mM): 126 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 1.2 NaH2PO4, 1.2 MgCl2 11 D-glucose, 18 NaHCO3, 2 CaCl2. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made using an Axopatch 700B amplifier (Molecular Devices) with filtering at 1 KHz using 4-6 MΩ electrodes filled with an internal solution containing (in mM): 120 CsMeSO3, 20 HEPES, 0.4 EGTA, 2.8 NaCl, 5 Mg-ATP, 0.5 Na-GTP, pH 7.2-7.4, 280 mOsm (for CeAlc single EPSC recordings) or: 135 KMeSO3, 10 KCl, 10 HEPES, 0.1 EGTA, 2.8 NaCl, 5 Mg-ATP, 0.5 Na-GTP, pH 7.2-7.4, 280 mOsm (for PBN recordings and CeAlc high frequency stimulus recordings). ACSF at 32°C was continually perfused over slices at a rate of ~2 ml/min during recording.
For photostimulation experiments in the CeAlc, neurons surrounded by mCherry-positive fibers were selected for recording. For light-evoked EPSCs, neurons were held in voltage clamp at −70 mV, and EPSCs were stimulated by 10-ms pulses of blue laser light (single pulse at 0.1 Hz or 300 pulses at 30 Hz) using the same fiber optic as for the in vivo experiments, placed in the bath above the slice. Traces are averages of 15-20 sweeps for single EPSCs or averages of 3 sweeps for 30 Hz trains, collected before and 5 min after bath application of CNQX (10 μM) and APV (50 μM). For CeAlc current clamp recordings, the majority of CeAlc neurons had resting membrane potentials between −65 and −80 mV and did not fire action potentials spontaneously unless constant current was injected through the patch pipette to bring the cell closer to threshold. Trains of stimuli at 30 Hz were delivered as above.
For PBN ChR2 recordings, neurons identified by fluorescence were recorded in current clamp mode and trains of light pulses (1 ms) were delivered at the indicated frequencies for durations of 2 sec. For pharmacogenetic experiments, neurons expressing hM4Di were identified by fluorescence. Cells that did not exhibit spontaneous firing were excluded. Neurons were recorded in current clamp mode in ACSF for a 5-min baseline period, followed by bath application of 3 μM CNO for 3 min, then washout with ACSF. Baseline firing rate was calculated from a 2-min window immediately prior to CNO application. CNO and washout firing rates were calculated from 2-min windows surrounding the maximum CNO effect and the maximum recovery period, respectively.
For feeding assays, mice were individually housed in lickometer cages (Columbus Instruments) supplied with water and liquid diet (Vanilla Ensure, Abbot Laboratories) available ad libitum. Food and water ports were changed daily at the start of the dark cycle. The mice were allowed to acclimate to lickometer cages for 5 days and then baseline food intake was measured for an additional 5 days before experimental procedures. Acute food intake measurements (Fig. 2b,c,e,f; Fig. 3b; and Fig. 4d,f) occurred at the onset of the active period (lights off). Long-term measurements (Fig. 2g,h; Fig. 3c,d) occurred over a 24-h period with total food-intake and body weight measured approximately 6 h prior to the onset of the active period. Measurements were performed by an investigator (M.E.C.) with knowledge of the identity of the experimental versus control groups (i.e. without blinding).
After a 14-day recovery period following surgery, mice were individually housed in lickometer cages with open cage tops. Fiber optic cables (1.5 m long, 200 μm diameter; Doric Lenses) coated with opaque heat-shrink tubing were firmly attached to the implanted fiber optic cannulae with zirconia sleeves (Doric Lenses). Mice were allowed at least 5 days to acclimate before experimental sessions. During photostimulation experiments, light pulse trains (10-ms pulses of various frequency; see text) were programmed using a waveform generator (Agilent Technologies, #33220A) that provided input to a blue light laser (473nm; LaserGlow). We adjusted the light power of the laser such that the light power exiting the fiber optic cable was 20 mW (160mW/mm−2); using an online light transmission calculator for brain tissue33 (www.stanford.edu/group/dlab/cgi-bin/graph/chart.php) we estimate the light power at the PBelo to be 36.2 mW/mm−2. Note that this is probably a high estimation because some light is probably lost at the interface between the fiber optic cable and the implanted fiber optic cannula. After the completion of photostimulation experiments, mice were perfused and the approximate locations of fiber tips were identified based on the coordinates of Paxinos and Franklin32.
Pharmacological compounds were prepared in sterile 0.9% saline and stored at −20 °C prior to use. Diptheria toxin (DT) was injected intramuscularly and all other compounds were administered intraperitoneally as described in Supplementary Fig. 6 Compounds included amylin (10 μg/kg; Bachem, #H-9475), CCK-8 (10 μg/kg; Bachem, #H-2080), CNO (1 mg/kg; Sigma, #C0832), Diphtheria toxin (50 μg/kg; List Biologicals, #150), LiCl (84 mg/kg; 0.20 M at 10 ml/kg; Fisher, #L121), and LPS, Salmonella typhimurium (50 μg/kg; Calbiochem, #437650).
Mice were anesthetized with buprenorphine and perfused transcardially with 1× PBS, pH 7.4, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. The brains were extracted, allowed to postfix overnight in the same fixative at 4 °C, and cryoprotected in 30% sucrose dissolved in 1× PBS for an additional 24 h at 4 °C. Each brain was sectioned at 30 μm on a cryostat (Leica Microsystems) and collected in cold 1× PBS.
For immunohistochemistry experiments, sections were washed three times in PBS with 0.2% Triton X-100 (PBST) for 10 min at room temperature. Sections were then incubated in a blocking solution composed of PBST with 3% Normal Donkey Serum (Jackson ImmunoResearch, #017-000-121) for 1 h. For primary antibody exposure, sections were incubated in rabbit anti-c-Fos (1:2000, Calbiochem, #PC38), rabbit anti-GFP (1:1000, Invitrogen, #A11122) and/or goat anti-CGRP (1:500, Abcam, #ab36001) in blocking solution at 4 °C for ~20 h. After 3 × 10-min washes in PBST, sections were incubated in Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-goat IgG (1:200, Jackson Immunoresearch, #705-858-147), Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-goat IgG (1:200, Jackson Immunoresearch, #705-485-147), DyLight 405 donkey anti-goat (1:200, Jackson Immunoresearch, #705-475-147), and/or Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:200 Jackson Immunoresearch, #711-545-152) in block solution for 1 h at room temperature. Finally, sections were washed three times in 1× PBS.
Sections were mounted in PBS onto SuperFrost Plus glass slides (VWR, #48311-703) and coverslipped with Dapi Fluoromount-G (Southern Biotech, #0100-20). Slides were stored in the dark at 4 °C prior to microscopy and image acquisition.
Quantification of colocalization of Fos and mCherry in the PBN (Fig 1-j and Supplementary Fig. 7) was performed on adjacent sections from approximately Bregma –4.90 to –5.50 (exactly 21 sections per mouse). Quantification of Fos in the CeAlc (Supplementary Fig. 14a-f) was performed on adjacent sections from approximately Bregma −1.14 to −1.26 (exactly 5 sections per mouse). A Fos-positive cell was considered located in the CeAlc if it was within the field of mCherry fluorescence within that particular section. All quantification analysis was performed by an investigator (M.E.C.) blinded to the identity of the conditions used to induce Fos.
Fluorescent and brightfield images were collected on either a Nikon upright epifluorescent microscope with QImaging Camera (Fig 1a,b; Fig. 4a; Supplementary Fig. 1) or a Zeiss LSM 510 Meta confocal microscope. Images were minimally processed using Photoshop CS5 (Adobe Systems) to enhance brightness and contrast for optimal representation of the data. Low magnification brightfield images (Fig. 1a, Fig. 4a, and Supplementary Fig. 4) were montaged together to produce a single coronal section. All digital images were processed in the same way between experimental conditions to avoid artificial manipulation between different datasets.
We used an online power and sample size calculator to determine an effective sample size for statistical comparisons34 (http://homepage.cs.uiowa.edu/~rlenth/Power/). Assuming a standard deviation of 1.0 and a significance level of 0.05, this calculator shows that with 8 mice per group we had an 80% confidence of achieving statistical significance between means of 1.5 fold with a two-tailed Student's t-test. We excluded an animal from data analysis if flagged by a University of Washington veterinarian for health reasons during the experimental period or if post-hoc histological analysis showed no viral transduction as indicated by an absence of mCherry fluorescence.
All data were analyzed using Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Software) as described in the text and Supplementary Statistical Analysis. Data were exported into Illustrator CS5 (Adobe Systems) for preparation of figures.
We thank Bryan Roth for hM3Dq-mCherry and hM4Di-mCherry constructs, and Karl Deisseroth for mCherry and ChR2-mCherry constructs. Elyse Allen, Jesse Resnick, Matthew Soleiman, and Stephanie Padilla assisted with histology, Elyse Allen and Aundrea Rainwater assisted with animal husbandry, and Jay Shulkin provided expert suggestions and advice. We thank members of the Palmiter and Zweifel labs for critical feedback on the manuscript. M.E.C. is funded by a fellowship from the Hilda and Preston Davis Foundation. L.S.Z. is funded by a grant from the NIH (R01MH094536). R.D.P is supported in part by grants from the NIH (DA024908) and the Klarman Family Foundation.
Author Information: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Supplementary Information: Supplementary Information includes Supplementary Figures 1-17, Supplementary Video 1, and Supplementary Statistical Analysis.
Author Contributions: M.E.C. and R.D.P. conceived of and designed the study. M.E.C. performed and analyzed histological and behavioral experiments, M.E.S. performed electrophysiology experiments, and R.D.P. generated CalcaCre knock-in mice. L.S.Z. and R.D.P. provided equipment, reagents, and expertise. M.E.C. wrote the manuscript in collaboration with the other authors.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Grey's Anatomy: Season 2, Episode 13
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Izzie becomes attracted to a male patient with a heart condition, and George treats Bex, an intersex patient. Meanwhile, Meredith's mother receives a visitor, and Derek and Addison's relationship is still rocky.
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A Field Guide to Getting LostPaperback
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Whether she is contemplating the history of walking as a cultural and political experience over the past two hundred years (Wanderlust), or using the life of photographer Eadweard Muybridge as a lens to discuss the transformations of space and time in late nineteenth-century America (River of Shadows), Rebecca Solnit has emerged as an inventive and original writer whose mind is daring in the connections it makes. A Field Guide to Getting Lost draws on emblematic moments and relationships in Solnit's own life to explore issues of wandering, being lost, and the uses of the unknown. The result is a distinctive, stimulating, and poignant voyage of discovery.
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Author information
Rebecca Solnit is the author of numerous books, including "Hope in the Dark," "River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West," "Wanderlust: A History of Walking," and "As Eve Said to the Serpent: On Landscape, Gender, and Art," which was nominated for the National Book Critics Circle Award in Criticism. In 2003, she received the prestigious Lannan Literary Award.
Review quote
"Solnit is who Susan Sontag might have become if Sontag had never forsaken California for Manhattan."


text:
Although sophisticated spying technology is available for purchase that uses contact microphones and amplifiers to listen through walls, it's also possible to create a listening mechanism using a small drill and plastic wrap. Because of the way the plastic wrap vibrates as sound passes through it, the sound wave travels faster as it goes through the hole, allowing for focused and efficient transmission of the sound.Know More
Drill an extremely small hole in the wall. A hole that is smaller than the wavelength of the sound waves involved permits more sound to pass through.
Stretch plastic wrap across the drilled hole on the listening end.
Listen through the plastic wrap to the sound on the other side of the wall. Recording devices can also be set up to record the sounds.
If an amplifier contains only its original parts, it is possible to identify when the amp was made either online, through an expert or by using the Blue Book of Guitar Amplifiers.Full Answer >
It is possible to put songs on an iPod without iTunes by using other software that allows for the transfer of music from a computer to the device. There are alternatives to iTunes available for Windows, Linux, and OSX systems.Full Answer >
While pre-made LED assemblies designed to flash in time to music are available, it is also possible to make a custom LED light that will flash to the beat of a speaker using simple electronics equipment such as an Arduino microcontroller board, wire, resistors and solderless beadboard. This project may also require familiarity with some computer programming languages such as Java, and it may also require additional equipment such as a USB cable, a computer and individual LEDs in the desired colors. In some cases, detailed instructions for building a sound-sensitive LED assembly will include download links for the necessary software programs that will enable the LEDs to blink in time with music.Full Answer >
It is possible to connect a 6-ohm speaker to an 8-ohm amp. While the internal impedance of the speaker is 6-ohms, the output impedance of an amplifier is essentially zero. This is due to the active control circuitry in modern amplifiers that makes impedance matching in electronics unnecessary.Full Answer >