text:
OSI-Approved Open Source (50)
- GNU General Public License version 2.0 (15)
- MIT License (12)
- GNU Library or Lesser General Public License version 2.0 (9)
- BSD License (5)
- GNU Library or Lesser General Public License version 3.0 (2)
- zlib/libpng License (2)
- Academic Free License (1)
- Apache License V2.0 (1)
- Common Development and Distribution License (1)
- Eclipse Public License (1)
- Mozilla Public License 1.0 (1)
- Mozilla Public License 1.1 (1)
- wxWindows Library Licence (1)
- Windows (48)
- Linux (41)
- Grouping and Descriptive Categories (38)
- Mac (27)
- Modern (19)
Frameworks Software
- Programming Language: Lua ×
IUP is a portable toolkit for building graphical user interfaces. It offers a configuration API in three basic languages: C, Lua and LED. IUP purpose is to allow a program to be executed in different systems without any modification.516 weekly downloads
CD (Canvas Draw) is a platform-independent graphics library. It is implemented in several platforms using native graphics libraries: Windows (GDI) and X-Windows (XLIB). The canvas is an abstract surface that can be a window, an image or a metafile.85 weekly downloads
IM is a toolkit for Digital Imaging. IM is based on 4 concepts: Image Representation, Storage, Processing and Capture. The main goal of the library is to provide a simple API and abstraction of images for scientific applications.118 weekly downloads
A PDF parsing, modification and creation library.197 weekly downloads
MicroCity is a framework for spatial analysis and simulation. It is lightweight, fast, portable, extendable and user friendly. Users can easily operate large GIS and Grid data and perform Spatial, Fractal, Network analysis and simulation.8 weekly downloads
Albion 2
!!! Albion 2 has moved to http://albion2.org !!!1 weekly downloads
CppLua is an object oriented framework to deal with Lua objects and functions in C++. Member functions can be registered into Lua and Lua functions and tables can be used in C++ code with a very simple and intuitive syntax.0 weekly downloads
An Apache module for developing web applications using Lua2 weekly downloads
LuaDist is a CMake built module distribution and deployment tool for the Lua programming language. It aims to achieve zero configuration runtime environment for Lua modules and libraries be it source or binary.0 weekly downloads
server infrastructure software0 weekly downloads
wxLua is a Lua scripting language wrapper for the wxWidgets cross-platform GUI library. It consists of executables for editing, running, and debugging wxLua scripts, a library for extending C++ programs with a fast, small, fully embeddable scripting language, and a variety of sample programs. With wxLua you can quickly write full-featured programs with graphics, networking, printing, etc. for MS Windows, Linux, and OSX.140 weekly downloads
Universal, platform independet, scriptable, networking game engine with physics and sound support.0 weekly downloads
Fast prototyping environment in Lua for GUI, DSP and ANN development. Based on lqt, lfann, and our code. Goal minimal build dependencies. Only contains what we or any contributor needs.0 weekly downloads
Networking and sockets in scripting languages is difficult and often overcomplicated! Monasic is a server daemon (service) which does all the low level work to create a simple message-based environment, allowing easy access to networking via scripts.1 weekly downloads
WoWBench World of Warcraft API Emulator
A World of Warcraft API emulator, including WoW UI XML file parser, implemented wholly in Lua, for faster offline development and to gain debugging capabilities. Among other things, it supports logging in multiple, separate users that can communicate.1 weekly downloads
This project explores the unproven concept of a "game browser", which attempts to bring what we have with current websites into the game world.0 weekly downloads
The TORUS Framework
The TORUS framework project aims to provide a complete application lifecycle management environment (from requirements to tests), supporting most common platforms and programing languages, and centered on one main concept: Think Once & ReUSe!0 weekly downloads
SGE Framework
Simple Game Engine framework to simplify games development with DirectX.0 weekly downloads
RMX Automation
RMX is a modular automation system supporting system events and human interface events.5 weekly downloads
Ravine's CRPG
3D real-time framework designed for rapid prototyping and interactive environments. Using Lua as the high-level access point to the engine and component-based entities, one only needs to alter scripts to create an interactive environment, like a game.0 weekly downloads
Ninja INI
Ninja INI is a simple, lightweight, and fast INI file reader & writer. It supports 3 levels (sections, keys, and containers), multiple keys with same name, parse command-line (argc & argv). Written in C++ with STL design and optional bindings to Lua.0 weekly downloads
Networix is a Open Source Framework programmed in c# to allow users to script in lua, c# and GLSL in a OpenGL Environment using an object based interface.0 weekly downloads
Leadwerks Arena
Leadwerks Arena is an open source first-person/third-person arena game for online play between players. It is a community created tech demo for the Leadwerks Engine 2.1 and showcase of Phoenix.Framework.0 weekly downloads
The Gamebook Engine
The Gamebook Engine is the first free, cross-platform engine for writing gamebooks, such as the "Choose Your Own Adventure" series, or the "Lone Wolf" series. TGE can interpret scripts that use the "Hyena" gamebook format.22 weekly downloads
I think it will be the brother of dogengine.0 weekly downloads

subset: commoncrawl


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Letters to the Editor: Aug. 4, 2011
Got questions?
Readers' questions are invited for the weekly "Naples Daily NewsMakers with Jeff Lytle" program airing Sunday mornings at 10 on ABC7.
Check the guest list for coming weeks below and submit your questions by calling 213-6070; emailing firstname.lastname@example.com; or online at naplesnews.com/newsmakers.
* Lee County Commissioner John Manning
* Collier Sheriff Kevin Rambosk
* Collier Commissioner Candidate Tim Nance
* Collier Commissioner Fred Coyle
* Lee County Property Appraiser Ken Wilkinson
* Florida AT&T President Matthew Criser
* Lee County Sheriff candidate Lee Bushong
* Naples City Council member Gary Price
* Incoming Marco Island police chief Don Hunter
Letter of the Day:
Here and there
Editor, Daily News:
Moving principals to other schools is like a newly elected president moving senators and representatives to neighboring states.
It is unwise to be too sure of one's own wisdom.
— Bill Henry
'Not an editorial'
Editor, Daily News:
In a Saturday front-page Daily News story, David Espo, of the Associated Press, starts with:
"In an unforgiving display of partisanship, the Republican-controlled House approved emergency legislation Friday night to avoid an unprecedented government default, and Senate Democrats scuttled it less than two hours later in hopes of a better deal."
At first I thought it was a political attack on the Republican-controlled House, but when I finally got to the end of the sentence I realized that grammatically it was an attack on both the Republican House and the Democratic Senate.
I can well understand the apparent frustration Espo exhibits in this lead sentence; but this is a news story, not an editorial.
When I took a class in journalism (many years ago), we were told that proper reporting had to answer five basic questions: who, what, where, when and how. Reporters did not express personal views regarding the story (personal opinion was for the editorial page).
Perhaps a story could be made more graphic by including a selection of adjectives or adverbs, but "unforgiving display" is unforgivable in a news story.
That comment is a value judgment and is not backed by any facts, just the reporter's own subjective bias. The reporter was wrong to frame the sentence the way he did, and, even worse, his editor showed grievous disrespect for journalism when the story was approved for publication.
This is another example of how poorly the craft of journalism is being practiced in the present.
And don't get me started on political bias in the media!
— Art Walsh
'Some sinister plot'?
Editor, Daily News:
It seems hardly a day goes by when I don't see the words "biased mainstream media" referred to in the letters to the editor.
Since this is a term used almost exclusively by conservatives, I assume they mean biased in favor of the left, or against the right.
Assuming this is indeed the case, I would have to ask "why?"
Why is the mainstream media biased? To what end?
What is their goal? What do they have to gain? Is there some sinister plot going on here?
Historically, the media has spoken out against and exposed injustice, not the other way around.
Could it be that the media simply has a superior access to newsmaking persons, events and world views resulting in a unique perspective that could be considered "biased" by some?
— Jon Pipkin
Rich is good
Editor, Daily News:
Use surgery, not a tax Band-Aid.
Most of the brilliant economists agree that our government is spending about 40 percent more than it is collecting in taxes.
That alone would tell us that any amount of increase in taxes to the rich would never come close to salvaging the present debt crisis. We must realize that what is really needed now is a radical, surgical economic reconstruction, rather than the way Washington has been trying to revamp the economic crisis of our country.
Any fifth-grader will be able to figure that out and say, "It is not the taxation!"
Let us be honest about it.
I for one am not rich, by any means. But I believe very strongly that only a very small percentage of citizens have received their wealth from inheritance. Furthermore, practically all of them have accomplished what they now have through hard work, education and innovative brain utilization.
Trying to push heavy taxation on the rich is like going backwards. They are going to find ways out of it and look to outsource and work more profitably.
After all, if it were you, would you buy a good quality pair of shoes from a store across from your house if you were able to go down the road and pay 25 percent less? No, of course not.
So, let us not try to stop the rich from moving ahead. They are the ones who made our county what it was — strong, responsible, admirable.
That was the reason most of us left our world and came here. Let us all try to help America find its way back to what it used to be!
— Harry Mourelatos
This has got to stop
Editor, Daily News:
So now we have some more gross domestic product numbers to chart the "growth" of our economy.
The 2011 first-quarter GDP growth was originally estimated at 1.9 percent and recently revised downward to 0.4 percent, a decrease of 1.5 percent.
And the second-quarter GDP growth has been estimated at only 1.3 percent. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that if this latest figure is revised downward the same amount as the first quarter's estimate was, well folks, we're then officially in a double-dip recession!
When the Obama administration took office, its members didn't view the poor economy and the recession as a problem to be solved, but rather as an opportunity to be taken advantage of. Remember the quote from Rahm Emanuel: "Never let a serious crisis go to waste."
And instead of taking measures that would strengthen the economy, they enacted, just to cite two examples:
1. An $800 billion "stimulus" bill that was basically a payoff to their friends (remember President Barack Obama's jocular "shovel-ready wasn't really shovel-ready" remark?).
2. A highly partisan Democrat-backed-only health-care bill the American people still don't want and which will cost additional billions of dollars.
The results of their actions have now come home to roost — our economy is now on the brink of not only a double-dip recession, but a future that's replete with consequences we cannot foresee.
The 2012 elections can't come quickly enough so we send these folks packing and start this great country prospering once again.
— Lowell Wrucke
Why not women?
Editor, Daily News:
The July 23 edition of The New York Times had an article about priests in America, Australia and Austria who have challenged the Catholic Church regarding exclusively male, celibate priests.
More than 175 Roman Catholic priests in the United States have signed a statement supporting Father Roy Bourgeois, a Maryknoll priest who has spoken out strongly in favor of women's ordination. The Vatican has threatened him with excommunication unless he recants his statement.
He replied that to do this would be to lie, that he was only following his conscience. He says, "I see this very clearly as a issue of sexism, and like racism, it's a sin. ... It cannot be justified, no matter how hard we priests and church leaders, beginning with the pope, might try to justify the exclusion of women as equals. It is not the way of God. It is the way of men."
Many Catholic women can no longer wait for the church to allow their ordinations and are turning to the Roman Catholic Womenpriests, who have ordained 120 female priests and bishops worldwide. The Vatican does not recognize the ordinations, even though their first priests were ordained by Roman Catholic bishops in good standing, but the women continue to serve the people of God.
I wonder why the church cannot see how well ordained women minister in other churches and also why the church cannot accept the fact that Jesus had many faithful women disciples among his followers.
— Ellen McNally
President, Call to Action of Southwest Florida
That reminds me ...
Editor, Daily News:
What a pleasant surprise to see U.S. Rep. "Gabby" Giffords return to the floor of the House of Representatives.
Among other things, it provided an opportunity to recall the outcry, following her shooting, against the vitriol and hateful rhetoric that permeates political discourse.
The theme of that outcry, as you recall, was that the rhetoric used by Republican politicians and conservative commentators was responsible for the attack on Giffords. It was said that militant language, such as use of words like "target" and "trigger," sent the crazed gunman over the edge. If only spokespersons on the right would tone it down, life would be wonderful.
If that controversy proved nothing else, it proved members of the political left, and their allies in the media, are shameless in their hypocrisy. There is nothing more obvious than that the rhetoric of the right pales into Sunday School fare compared to the vicious, hate-filled rants so common on the left.
A recent example of that hypocrisy is the repeated use of the word "terrorist" in reference to loyal law-abiding Americans in the tea party movement, specifically during the debt-ceiling negotiations. Vice President Joe Biden, for example, reportedly told the Democratic caucus that the tea party Republicans "have acted like terrorists."
This from an administration that refuses to use the word "terrorist" to refer to the likes of those who brought down the World Trade Center.
If it were not for double standards, liberals would have no standards at all.
— Steve Kissell
What comes next?
Editor, Daily News:
Citizens of Collier County, be forewarned.
The actions of County Commissioner Georgia Hiller are part of a plan that she has set into motion to reach her ultimate goal. I believe that is to cause as much controversy as possible at this entry level of politics and gain much media time in the process.
You see, I believe her ultimate goal is to reach a much higher level of service, like in Tallahassee or even Washington.
There will be no stone unturned in her quest to reach those levels.
Being in my seventh decade on this planet, I have witnessed plans such as Hiller is embarking on many times before.
The result has been rubble left behind due to reckless actions in order to "fast-track" reaching the ultimate goal.
So far, in her young political career, I have seen very little positive accomplished on behalf of the citizens of Collier County.
— Peter Whitmore
Over and out?
Editor, Daily News:
Re: The thoughtful letter, headlined "Black Hawk rising," from Lisa Goin.
Goin thinks we Americans should stand by and watch tens of thousands die of starvation and thirst in Somalia. She thinks the American military is afraid of a few warlords and pirates.
We must go in with just one mechanized infantry division, of course with helicopter and naval support to ensure safe relief aid. We cannot let these people suffer.
It is now estimated that 1.8 million will die in the next 18 months.
Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
— Stephen R. McLean
Noise now and then
Editor, Daily News:
The sweet sound of silence!
While Runway 23 is closed for expansion, it has been so-o-o peaceful in my community. If the Naples Municipal Airport would make pilots abide by the Federal Aviation Administration-approved air traffic routes, there would be less issue with the noise, and the air pollution would be dispersed outside of the residential areas.
I will reflect back on these peaceful months when it comes time for the election of our City Council, as it is clear its members do not really care what the people think.
Mayor Bill Barnett thinks the majority of people are in favor of the expansion. I think he is confused; the majority of the people who fly into the airport are in favor of the expansion, not the majority of Naples residents.
The users of the Naples airport represent only 1 percent of Naples' population. But those with deep pockets have a hold on the council members. We will enjoy the silence for the short term, and then prepare for the seasonal onslaught.
Considering the hidden agenda of the airport, regardless of what has been said by the various airport authorities, I can't wait for that first 75-ton plane to land!
— Patrick Murray
License to smile
Editor, Daily News:
I am always amused by your compilation of "vanity" license plates.
I think my favorite is 10SNE1.
Here's another — a bit unusual until you know the story behind it.
A number of years ago, General Electric entered the life-insurance business by purchasing an old-line company and for additional millions bought out a national general agency which had dominated the activities of the company.
The owner of the general agency celebrated by purchasing a luxury car.
Its license plate: MERCI GE.
— Bill Klauber
She got me
Editor, Daily News:
I always enjoy your license plate lists.
Here is mine:
— Art Herman
'Some sinister plot'?
Editor, Daily News:
It seems hardly a day goes by when I don't see the words "biased mainstream media" referred to in the letters to the editor.
Since this is a term used almost exclusively by conservatives, I assume they mean biased in favor of the left, or against the right.
Assuming this is indeed the case, I would have to ask "why?"
Why is the mainstream media biased? To what end?
What is their goal? What do they have to gain? Is there some sinister plot going on here?
Historically, the media has spoken out against and exposed injustice, not the other way around.
Could it be that the media simply has a superior access to newsmaking persons, events and world views resulting in a unique perspective that could be considered "biased" by some?
— Jon Pipkin
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Monday-Friday: 6am-6pm / Saturday: 7am-3pm / Sunday: 7am-2pm


text:
Del Mar rededicates Garcia Science Building
CORPUS CHRISTI - Del Mar College officials on Tuesday had a ceremony and open house to rededicate the Garcia Science Building at Del Mar College.
The building first was dedicated as the Garcia Health Sciences Building in 1983, housing the nursing and allied health programs. The new Garcia Science Building has undergone nearly $7.9 million in renovations, is home to the Department of Natural Science and features state-of-the-art lab facilities.
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text:
PRLog - Oct. 21, 2012 - MUMBAI, India -- Now customers can conveniently book hotels at one of the leading online travel portals. Our system has a hotel inventory of over five thousand hotels and booking facility for destinations all over India. Jewria is one stop shop providing complete travel solutions and it has become easy for users to make their travel plans. 24x7 customer service of our company is always available to find best hotel deals for you.
Consumers can scroll through an extensive list of hotels which they can book according to their needs and budget. Also explore numerous business hotels, budget properties, heritage hotels, holiday resorts and many other accommodations on our website. In order to make a memorable travel experience, www.jewria.in fulfills the requirements of all kinds of customers. Several payment options are available at Jewria for people to book hotels online.
Advanced booking system offered by Jewria provides the pleasure of seamless booking of hotels across India. Hotel booking is one task where everyone wishes to pay less but look for best services. We help you in many ways including travel insurance, tour packages, hotels booking and many more. The portal has done a lot innovative things to facilitate users and has always adopted new packages for travelers. Jewria is a recognized travel management company functioning effectively in the real and online world.


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DEAR ABBY: My granddaughter was murdered by her boyfriend. They had an 18-month-old daughter, "Bella." Another family member (I'll call her Lucy) took Bella into her home, and Bella calls her Mom. Lucy has been taking Bella to the prison to visit her father, but has told her he is her uncle.
Bella is now 4, and I can't accept that Lucy thinks it's OK to lie to her. I feel it should be Bella's decision whether to visit her dad. Am I wrong? How should this be handled so Bella isn't traumatized any more than need be? I desperately need advice, in the best interest of the child.
- Bella's Great-Grandma Dear
GREAT-GRANDMA: Is Lucy a member of your family or the murderous boyfriend's? I find it hard to comprehend that a family member of the victim would drag a toddler to a prison to visit the lowlife who killed her mother.


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EU finally ends shark finning
The European parliament on Thursday called a definitive halt to shark finning, the long contested practice of fishermen slicing off fins and throwing the live body overboard to drown.
The European parliament on Thursday called a definitive halt to shark finning, the long contested practice of fishermen slicing off fins and throwing the live body overboard to drown.
Pacific stocks of the oceanic whitetip shark, a favourite of fin soup enthusiasts, sank by as much as 17 percent a year between 1995 and 2010 despite catch and finning limits, a study said Wednesday.
Threatened shark species are being used to make shark fin soup, a delicacy in Chinese cuisine, in several US cities, according to an unprecedented study based on DNA testing.
Taiwan has begun testing DNA from shark fins sold in local markets in a bid to protect endangered species such as great whites and whale sharks, an official from the Fisheries Agency said Wednesday.
The European Union endorsed tighter shark fishing rules on Monday to ensure fishermen respect a ban on slicing off the fins of their catches and throwing the live body overboard to drown.
Scientists say the market for shark fin soup is the likeliest reason for the sharp drop in blue shark numbers over the last 30 years.
Shark fins are worth more than other parts of the shark and are often removed from the body, which gets thrown back into the sea. To curtail this wasteful practice, many countries allow the fins to be landed ...
Sharks may strike terror among swimmers at the beach but the predators are increasingly ending up as prey, served up in fish-and-chips shops, sparking concern among environmentalists.
(AP) -- Delegates at an international conservation meeting agreed Saturday on a measure mandating that silky sharks accidentally caught in fishing gear be released back into the sea alive, marine advocacy ...
Sharks inhabiting Australia's Great Barrier Reef are in decline due to over fishing, researchers warned, after developing what they said was a new way to measure falling numbers.
Saved from the soup bowl at a Thai restaurant, the baby shark wriggled out of the bag and into the open sea -- a rare survivor of a trade that kills millions of the predators each year.
A Malaysian state on Borneo island, known for its world-class dive sites, is seeking to ban shark fishing to protect the species, which draws thousands of tourists each year, a minister said Monday.
The US Senate on Monday toughened laws against shark finning, hoping to save the ancient fish which experts fear is on the brink of extinction due to growing demand in Chinese restaurants.
(AP) -- The $48-a-plate shark fin has been a favorite dish to celebrate 80th birthdays and fete out of town VIPs since Vienna Hou's Chinese restaurant opened 25 years ago.
(AP) -- Asian nations on Tuesday blocked U.S.-backed proposals to protect the heavily fished hammerhead and oceanic whitetip sharks on concerns that regulating the booming trade in fins could hurt poor coastal ...


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Toyota unveils dual mode hybrid fuel transport
Image of 4 - Use your left and right arrow keys to navigate the gallery
Article Summary
A futuristic, eco-friendly transit system will be prototyped by Toyota as part of the on-site transportation for the 2005 World Expo in Aichi, Japan. The new system aims to show nature's wisdom and examples of a new global society in action. The ' Toyota Z-Capsule' is a dual mode train/bus fuel cell hybrid that offers an amazing step forward in the evolution of motor vehicles.
Read the full article: Toyota unveils dual mode hybrid fuel transport
Related Articles


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TREE HOUSE WITH LAKE VIEWArgentina, Rio Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche
About This Listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Central heating or a heater in the listing
Continuous access in the listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
The charm of this house is immediately upon entering this modern space full of life, bathed in sun and light. The living room, dining room and fully equipped kitchen share a completely open space with stunning views of Lake Nahuel Huapi. The wooden deck is the perfect place to enjoy a magnificent patagonian sunset!
Located just 5km from the center of Bariloche and about 1 km walk up a hill (10 min walk) in a nice neighborhood between the town of Bariloche and attractions to the west. The bus stop is 10/15 minutes to the ski station at Cerro Catedral, Cerro Otto, Circuito Chico and Cerro Campanario, one of the 7 best views in the world and to downtown Bariloche.
The house is equipped with central heating, WIFI, DVD, offering all the modern amenities to make you feel comfortable.
I will give you all the keys for planning a memorable vacation from trekking to shopping. I speak Spanish, English and Portuguese (native language).
Let me know if you have any further questions before booking!! I look forward to welcoming you to Bariloche!
No extra pax are allowed.
No se admiten pax extra.
73 Reviews
Nuno foi muito atencioso conosco, nos fez sentir à vontade e deu várias dicas de passeios e restaurantes, além de nos ter presenteado com um vinho na nossa chegada. Muito prestativo para qualquer questão relacionada à nossa estadia. A Tree House é excelente, bem equipada, até com máquina de lavar, além de confortável e muito tranquila.
We couldn't actually make it to Bariloche as a volcano in Chile erupted and caused all flights to be cancelled. Nuno was communicative and helpful throughout -- for a while it was pretty touch-and-go as to what would happen. While Nuno did not offer to give us all of our money back, he did arrange a 50% refund, as this was out of our control (and I guess it's pretty unlikely that any other guest could have made it either). The cancellation policy is "strict", so we were not entitled to anything, so that was nice of him.
Our stay at Nuno's treehouse was absolutely wonderful. My husband and I were celebrating our honeymoon and Nuno greeted us personally with a wonderful bottle of organic wine. Before we even arrived, Nuno shared a list of recommendations for eating and exploring in and around the town, some of which proved to be our favorite memories of Bariloche.
The house itself was the perfect retreat from the touristy, somewhat run down city center in Bariloche. The view was phenomenal and the surrounding neighborhood was quiet and charming. It was a great home base while we explored the lake region and took day trips to El Bolsón and other hiking regions. We were stuck indoors one day after the Calbuco volcano erupted and the city was shrouded in ash. The treehouse was a far better place to be holed up than any hotel, with its cozy master room, good wifi, and a full sized kitchen.
When our flight to Mendoza was cancelled because of the volcano, Nuno graciously let us come back to his place to use the wifi, even though our reservation was over, because we didn't have cell phone service and couldn't find reliable internet in the city. He also called the airline for us to see what our options were for rescheduling or getting a refund, and offered to help us find lodging for our extra night in Bariloche.
You will not find a better host or place to stay in Bariloche - highly recommended!
What an amazing place. Every so often you stay at a place where you want to call home and never leave!
The location was perfect and quiet, but close walk to local bakery, grocery, restaurants, the Lake, the bus and a short distance drive or bus to town.
The house was clean and perfect as it appears in the photos and I can not say enough about the view. The ability to relax and look out the window or sit on the terrace and have a cup of coffee or wine is priceless.
Nuno is amazing, quick to reply, thoughtful, helpful, and wonderful host.
The only bad thing I can say is that the stunning view and comfortable house makes it hard to leave the place and go exploring. You wanna go from coffee to wine and spend the day relaxing with the picture perfect view of the lake.
Would recommend staying here if you get a chance to visit Bariloche.
Wonderful place. Great communication. Everything done to perfection.
La casa estaba muy linda realmente. Tenía todo lo necesario para tener una gran estadía; era muy cómoda, estaba limpia, bien decorada, espaciosa, y lo mejor de todo es la vista inmejorable del lago que tiene tanto desde los cuartos como del living. El barrio está a tono con lo que es la casa, muy tranquilo y bonito.
Nuno no estuvo para recibirnos porque no se encontraba en Bariloche en esas fechas. De todos modos, fuimos recibidos por Martín que nos trató realmente muy bien. Fue muy atento, nos recomendó lugares y paseos para recorrer siempre de modo muy amable y cordial.
En general, pasamos muy bien en Bariloche estos días, y no puedo más que recomendar esta casa y este anfitrión porque la experiencia ha resultado muy buena.
We booked this place to chill out in it was a wonderful place, amazing views. So comfortable and the host helped us with what to do and how to get around. The best steak and best massage we have ever had was in walking distance too- different places!
This host has 323 reviews for other properties.View Other Reviews
About the Host, Nuno
Me llamo Nuno, soy Portugués y dibujante de arquitectura 3D.
Hablo inglés, español y portugues (lengua materna).


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JUPITER, Fla., Aug. 5, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Dyadic International, Inc. ("Dyadic") (OTCQX: DYAI), a global biotechnology company whose patented and proprietary technologies are used to develop, manufacture and sell enzymes and other proteins for the bioenergy, bio-based chemical, biopharmaceutical and industrial enzyme industries, announced today that it has signed a collaboration agreement to commercialize second generation biofuel and bio-based chemical technology with Compagnie Industrielle de la Matiere Vegetale ("CIMV"), a pioneer in developing processes for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
Logo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110621/CL06708LOGO
CIMV's patented approach of separating the three main components of plant material allows both production of high quality cellulose and hemicellulose, especially well-suited for the enzymatic process, and Biolignin™, a pure form of lignin that may be sold commercially as a high value, environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals. The technology has garnered industry acclaim in winning the Pierre Potier Prize for Innovation in Chemistry and Frost & Sullivan's 2013 French Visionary Innovation Award.
Under the collaboration agreement, Dyadic and CIMV will work together to develop more efficient, fully integrated processes to produce environmentally low impact biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Dyadic anticipates supplying enzymes to CIMV's planned 2015 demonstration plant, as well as, licensing its C1 technology for on-site production of enzymes at CIMV's future commercial scale plants.
To complete the value chain from biomass to bioethanol, CIMV is also collaborating with Taurus Energy AB, a leading developer of yeast technology to turn cellulosic sugar into bioethanol, and for its international development with Pierson Capital, a lea
|SOURCE Dyadic International, Inc.
Copyright©2014 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
MLB 2010 All-Star Teams
By alsnuts2 9 Comments
Off the bat, I thought I would say that I know this is an odd place to post about sports. I am something of a Journalism student and every summer my writing skills atrophy which leads to poor writing in the Fall, which then leads to a mad scramble to save my grade in December. So I made a 4th of July Resolution to write more. Even if they never see the light of day or are about any particular topic, just the act of tapping on the keyboard will hopefully keep the rust away. Now, movin' on.
The MLB all star teams were announced over the weekend and for those who don't know, the starters are chosen by the fan votes and the reserves are chosen by the All Star team manager. Now I am not a fan of fans, and I lose faith in democracy every time "John Coffee" wins a democratic primary in South Carolina, but this year I think the fans put most of the right people in the game.
I can't even argue with the Derek Jeter selection this year, (God knows Id like to, but its not a Yankee thing, its a Jeter thing, today Rob Cano is MVP) but he has been genuinely good. Personally, I would have liked to see the Toronto Blue Jays' Alex Gonzalez get on the team as he has 7 more home runs and 30 points of OPS on Jeter. But I have come to grips with the fact that I live in a world where The British Bulldog is dead and Jake the Snake is still just walking around in the physical world and Derek Jeter will receive a million All-star votes 3 years after he retires.
On the NL side, Cardinals demigod Albert Pujols lead the vote to the surprise of no one, but the big controversy has been the omission of Cincinnati's Joey Votto from the original roster. Unfortunately for Votto, as long as Albert Pujols, Ryan Howard, and Prince Fielder play the same position, Votto will have a hard time breaking onto the All Star team. Unless he cures a terminal disease, he will forever be the odd man out and I don't believe he has much of a biology background.
Lastly, I would like to be more bothered by the fact that the NL leading Padres have as many All-Star representatives as the pitiful Pittsburg Pirates. I would like to be bothered by this, but even I have to admit Adrian Gonzales is the only player on the team I know. I'm sure their fans will take the wins over my awareness any day, so stay classy San Diego.
In the end, the American League top-to-bottom is a far superior squad and unless god has money on the game, I would look for the AL to win the midsummer classic for the 12th time in 13 years.


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Love the prepared foods section. The clam chowder soup was amazing. Staff was great, can't complain!!!Like this review?Yes|Flag AbuseProvided by Citysearch
Whole Foods Market
Today:8:00 am - 10:00 pm
650 Ponce De Leon Ave NE,
Atlanta, GA 30308
(404) 853-1681
Business Details
in Business
- Hours:
Regular Hours
- General Info:
- Founded in 1980, Whole Foods Market is one of the world's leading retailers of natural and organic foods. With one of the stores located in Atlanta, it operates more than 190 stores in North America and the United Kingdom. The company employs more than 40,000 employees. Its subsidiaries include 365 Everyday Value, 365 Organic Everyday Value, Allegro Coffee Company, Animal Compassionate, Bread & Circus, and Fresh & Wild. Whole Foods Market's product categories include produce, seafood, grocery, meat and poultry, bakery products and prepared foods. Its specialty products include beer, wines and cheese, while its whole body category includes nutritional supplements; vitamins; body care and educational products, such as books; and floral, pet and household products. The company also sells a selection of products from conventional national brands.
- Extra Phones:
Fax: (404) 853-1632
- Brands:
- fresh
- Payment method:
- amex, discover, master card, visa
- Location:
- Midtown Place
- Neighborhoods:
- Northeast Atlanta, Midtown
- Other Link:
- Categories:
- Delicatessens, Grocery Stores, Fruit & Vegetable Markets, Health & Diet Food Products, Supermarkets & Super Stores
Mmmm good food in the deliLike this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
We don't have a Whole Foods in Tallahassee so we were just blown away when we went to the Ponce Whole Foods. The store had everything we can't get here from Myers products to good wines and cheese. Just loved the whole shopping experience. The employees were so helpful and nice.Like this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
Although whole foods does some very nice items, they also have old vegetables and short dated products. You have to be very careful shopping there as several times I have found out the items I bought were already stale or old.Like this review?Yes|Flag AbuseProvided by Citysearch
As most other whole foods, the food is wonderful: organic, fresh, top-quality, healthy and lots of variety- but prices are out of control. If you live in Atlanta, there are other natural food groceries and the farmer's market are cheaper. But if you live intown and are in a pinch, whole foods will work. Or if money isn't an issue. Their meats and cheese are amazing, and they have a large health/beauty section, as... view moreLike this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
This is the best Mediterranean food in Atlanta. Tried it first when visiting with friends. Just moved here a few months ago and now go once every week. It is always good. Some places are good, then they are not, but this place is good every time I go and my friends agree.Love the fresh salads, and hummus, lamb, chicken.So, so fresh, good, service, great prices for such high quality fresh food...Like this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
Whole Foods on Ponce is a stunner! Walk in, and all the excitement, just overtakes you, and one does not know where to begin. Beautiful organic fruits and veggies. Top quality seafood and meat, all beautifully displayed. And then there are the prepared foods. Mind you, I don't mind cooking, but in here, you just want it now, and cooked. Decided to take items home for dinner. Two nice grilled pork chops, 1/2 lb... view moreLike this review?Yes|Flag AbuseProvided by Citysearch


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I want love and joy to exude from my soul. I want those around me to see it in it's fullest. How can a person walk away from me and judge that the love of Christ has not touched my heart?
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Hi there and welcome from The Girlz Korner where you'll find light, witty and rather entertaining articles on every topic imaginable from beauty, health, fashion, parenting, recipes and everything else in between. So if you get a chance to kick back and exhale, if only for a brief moment, we'd love to have you. Hope you enjoy your stay :) http://www.thegirlzkorner.com


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|Project Name
|Price (USD)
|Project Name
|Price (USD)
|pinless calling card website
|...to build a website , like below sendglobal.com or migcall.com after building website , you have...asterisk2billing software, i will provide the server with installed asterisk2billing software.
|PHP, Website Design, Asterisk PBX, VoIP, MySQL
|Mar 1, 2012
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|Asterisk with Calling Card Billing and customisations
|Asterisk installation, with calling platform and client web interface. Small customisation to allow...select to record calls and playback calls via website or IVR. Also requirement to beable to download...Worldpay credit card payment gateway to accept credit cards directly on our website. We want the platform
|PHP, Script Install, Linux
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|Calling Card Website
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|PHP, Engineering, Software Architecture, Software Testing, MySQL
|Sep 19, 2007
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|calling card website
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|PHP, ASP, Engineering, User Interface / IA, Software Architecture, Microsoft Access, Software Testing, MySQL, Amazon Web Services
|May 28, 2003
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|calling card website
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|PHP, Website Design, Graphic Design, HTML
|Apr 29, 2012
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|Calling Card Website
|Enhancement on Calling Card Website Project Details Website: www.shinetown.com.sg, www.chatchat.com.sg...Gateway: Nera This website currently allows users: - to top up their calling card via their system.(e-Topup)...purchase - PIN number of card - Serial Number of card - Expiry Date of card Details to be reflected in
|PHP, ASP, Java, JSP, Javascript, Engineering, SQL, Software Architecture, Oracle, Microsoft Access, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, Amazon Web Services, Google Chrome, Apple Safari, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Sep 6, 2007
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|Calling Card Website - repost
|...designed and functional pre-paid calling card website. Sections on the website: - Public - Secure Customer...Control Panel Public: 1. This area will be the main website. 2. Email and phone verification for new users...users. 3. Shopping cart 4. Payment methods (Credit Card, Paypal,2Checkout,GoogleCheckout) 5. After payment
|PHP, Engineering, Software Architecture, Software Testing, MySQL
|Mar 12, 2013
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|Small Calling Card website
|...project for an ecommerce site that only sells calling cards. I have the existing site running on http://www...simply, users would come to the site. Pick a calling card of choice, add to cart, check it out...make...products or promotions 7) Good clean interface The Website should have: 1) Good clean design and logo 2) List
|PHP, Engineering, Software Architecture, Software Testing, MySQL
|Mar 14, 2007
|Mar 14, 2007Ended
|Calling card bussiness-VOIP
|...familiar with Calling card business to integrate some features of a Commercial VIOP software into our website
|PHP, XML, VoIP, MySQL, HTML
|Jan 11, 2012
|Jan 11, 2012Ended
|VOIP Calling Card Solution
|...dynamic database-driven prepaid/pinless calling card system and website. Customers will need to be able to...a pin or pinless calling. There is an Asterisk server , (which is the calling card platform), and a2billing...a2billing, the billing system , website has to integrate in some way with the billing system. This project
|Website Design, Banner Design, SQL, Asterisk PBX, Apache
|Oct 20, 2009
|Oct 20, 2009Ended
|Aterisk with Calling Card + Customisations
|Asterisk installation, with calling platform and client web interface. Small customisation to allow...dialing, record calls, and install of voice changing software package We invisage lump sum payment for install...their caller ID to the account., how the found the website, referral, google etc. Users DB will have the
|Audio Services
|Nov 17, 2008
|Nov 17, 2008Ended
|Phone/Calling card site
|This project is to build Phone card e-commerce website to sell instant pins for phone cards using online...cards 5. Admin panel should also able to 'hide' the card details, if required. 6. We are also open for DB...(optional) 8. SSL for Credit card processing (optional) Example : Calling from USA to China, if there
|ASP, Script Install, Website Design, Data Processing, Shopping Carts
|Oct 6, 2008
|Oct 6, 2008Ended
|Calling Card Company
|We want to setup a calling card company in the UK. Our requirements are specified below: 1. customers...smartphone app 5. customers can also check balance by calling the UK local access number using automated IVR... Top Destination countries: Customers will be calling mostly to: 1. India 2. Bangladesh 3. Pakistan
|PHP, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Embedded Software, MySQL
|Aug 12, 2013
|Aug 12, 2013Ended
|build a calling card website in php
|Hi , I want to build a calling card website in php , the website is an interface for a back end...have an experience in a2billing software as this is my billing software. Thanks,
|PHP, Project Management, Engineering, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, Website Management, Web Hosting
|Jul 11, 2009
|Jul 11, 2009Ended
|Calling Card
|It is a small website building using ajax and asp.net you can get full details in attached pdf.
|ASP, Website Design, AJAX, HTML
|Nov 13, 2013
|Nov 13, 2013Ended
|Calling Card
|I want develop a online website based on voipswitch. . 1. Register online. (Web and Mobile ) 2
|PHP, Website Design, Shopping Carts, eCommerce, HTML
|Nov 25, 2013
|Nov 25, 2013Ended
|Calling Card
|I want a website inspired to these sites http://www.nesalink.com/index.php https://www.edial.us/index
|Website Design, Graphic Design, User Interface / IA
|Nov 15, 2010
|Nov 15, 2010Ended
|197174 Calling Card online store
|We are a calling card company. where people can buy our calling cards and call there desired destinations...destinations. We got a website and that is out of service now. We have all the backend scripting and everything...to change the frontend template and start the website again. There are some changes to be made for
|PHP, Adobe Flash, Website Design, AJAX, MySQL, Anything Goes
|Feb 3, 2008
|Feb 3, 2008Ended
|Calling Card
|Looking for a calling card website .. customized similar to keepcalling.com telephonepakistan.com
|PHP, Adobe Flash, Project Management, SEO, Engineering, SQL, Marketing, User Interface / IA, Software Architecture, Software Testing, Website Testing, MySQL, Amazon Web Services, Website Management, Database Administration, Web Hosting
|Mar 26, 2010
|Mar 26, 2010Ended
|Calling Card software
|Calling Card Software. I Can't descrip all here but here is a link that you can see all description....including desktop software or software the buyer intends to distribute: A software installation package...package that will install the software in ready-to-run condition on the platform(s) specified in this bid
|PHP, Windows Desktop, Linux, Web Security, Engineering, SQL, Computer Security, Software Architecture, Mac OS, Software Testing, Website Testing, Chrome OS, MySQL, UNIX, Website Management, Database Administration, Web Hosting
|Feb 19, 2006
|Feb 19, 2006Ended


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A system for on-line quantitative monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) includes pressure reduction means for carrying a gaseous sample from a first location to a measuring input location maintained at a low pressure, the system utilizing active feedback to keep both the vapor flow and pressure to a chemical ionization mode mass spectrometer constant. A multiple input manifold for VOC and gas distribution permits a combination of calibration gases or samples to be applied to the spectrometer.
1. A system for real-time quantitative measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a gaseous sample comprising:
means for measuring the amount of VOCs in the sample, said means having a measuring input maintained at a low pressure;
pressure reduction means for carrying the gaseous sample from a first location to said measuring input, said pressure reduction means reducing the pressure from a first value at said first location to the low pressure, the first value being at least 1000 times greater than the low pressure;
input means for carrying the gaseous sample from a device under test to said first location, said input means including flow adjustment means for keeping the gas flow and pressure at said first location at predetermined constant values.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for measuring consists of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said pressure reduction means comprises a reducing tube extending from the first location to the input of said mass spectrometer.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein said reducing tube consists of a capillary tube.
5. The system of claim 3 wherein said input means comprises an input tube extending from the device under test.
6. The system of claim 4 wherein said input means further comprises a pump for drawing the gaseous sample through said input tube to the first location.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein said input means further comprises a distribution manifold at the first location having a plurality of connection ports in gaseous communication, wherein one port is connected to receive the sample from said input tube, a second port is connected to said reducing tube, and a third port is connected to said pump.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said input means further comprises an adjustable valve connected between said pump and said third port of said distribution manifold, and means responsive to the pressure at said first location for adjusting the amount of gas passed through said adjustable valve, wherein the pressure at said distribution manifold is maintained at the first value.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said means responsive to the pressure consists of a pressure detector at said first location connected to a controller for adjusting said valve in response to the detected pressure.
10. The system of claim 5 wherein said input means further comprises a flow controller in series with said input tube for maintaining the gas flow through said input tube at a constant value.
11. The system of claim 7 further comprising an input manifold having a plurality of input arms connected to a common output port, said input tube being connected to one of said input arms, said common output port being connected to said one port of said distribution manifold, each of said input arms including gate means for selectively passing or preventing flow through said common output port.
12. The system of claim 11 further comprising a flow controller between said output port and said distribution manifold for maintaining the gas flow through said input tube at a constant value.
13. The system of claim 11 wherein each input arm includes a flow controller in series with said gate means for maintaining the gas flow through said each input arm at a constant value.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein one of said input arms is connect to a permeation tube, wherein air under pressure passes analyte from said permeation tube to said input manifold for calibrating said mass spectrometer.
The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation.
(Not Applicable)
Photolithography is used in the production of semiconductor devices to add layers of polymeric material to a silicon wafer and to produce circuit paths within these polymers. Many volatile and non-volatile chemicals are utilized in this process, including solvents, polymer building blocks and other reactive substances. Production of low defect devices at high yield requires extensive quality assurance and quality control activities.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emission to the atmosphere is a major concern of semiconductor manufacturing industries, research laboratories, the public, and regulatory agencies. Historically, focus has been on cleaning waste VOCs from the manufacturing plant's "air" emissions through the use of scrubbers and filters. Some industries are now seeking ways to reduce emissions by reducing VOCs at the point of use (or generation) to decrease the costs associated with removing VOCs from the air. For successful point of use reduction, VOC measurement methods must be developed for on-line process monitoring. These methods must meet several performance specifications such as rapid response time, continuous detection, lower limit of detection, and speciation of the VOCs detected. Specie-specific information is needed since the chemicals used have different chemical properties as well as different levels at which they become a regulatory concern.
A variety of methods and instrumentation can be used to monitor airborne VOCs depending on the application and the equipment available. Common methods may utilize gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), chemical specific sensors, or hyphenated techniques including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). "Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates," U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Off. Air Qual. Plann. Stand., Tech. Rep.! EPA (1993), EPA-453/R-93-026, 257 pp., provides an overview of many methods for monitoring airborne VOCs and field portable GCs.
A system for gaseous VOC monitoring of a lithography process must meet several analytical and physical criteria in order to accurately characterize the emissions. The VOCs in the vapors in the ventilation system are the compounds measured by this invention. Therefore, the analytical requirements of the system, based on the lithography process knowledge and limited flame ionization detector (FID) data, include the ability to 1) detect the particular airborne VOCs used in lithography, 2) attain detection limits for these VOCs below 10 ppm by volume, 3) obtain concentration information for each analyte in the gas stream and 4) acquire at least 1 data scan per second.
Several analytical techniques were examined to assess their ability to meet the requirements described above. Meeting the analytical requirements was the highest priority of the system requirements. The techniques evaluated were gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), GC/MS, μGC, fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and FID. Although each technique is capable of detecting lithography VOCs, only MS and FID met or exceeded both the detection limits and data acquisition rate requirements. However, FID could only meet the data acquisition rate requirement when used without chromatographic separation, which does not allow for quantitation of individual analytes. Only mass spectrometry met all the analytical and physical requirements.
Many mass spectrometers can be operated either in electron ionization (El) or chemical ionization (Cl) mode. In El, electrons generated by a hot filament ionize and fragment the analyte molecules. The ionized molecules or fragments are then mass analyzed. Typically, electron ionization is a very energetic process, which causes a high degree of fragmentation of the analyte molecules and leaves few, if any, molecular ions for detection. Identification and quantitation is performed using one or more of the fragment ions.
Chemical ionization differs from electron ionization in that reagent molecules (not electrons) ionize the analyte molecule. For example, for methane Cl, the ionizing reagent molecule is CH5 +. Methane gas is ionized by electrons and interacts with neutral methane molecules to form a number of products, one of which is CH5 +. A proton is transferred from CH5 + to the sample molecule to form an M+H!+ ion where M is the molecular weight of the sample molecule. Therefore, the parent ion in chemical ionization appears in the mass spectrum at a mass which is 1 greater than the molecular weight of the neutral analyte molecule.
Chemical ionization is much softer (less energetic) than electron ionization; this affords significant advantages for airborne VOC measurement when mixtures are present. The Cl analyte molecular ion signal is more intense and fewer fragment ions are produced than with El, which minimizes the mass spectral interferences and causes Cl to be more sensitive than El for many compounds.
Because a mass spectrometer counts the number of ions over a period of time, quantitative measurements require that the MS be calibrated against a known source operating at the same pressure as the source to be tested. It is difficult to use mass spectrometry for on-line VOC measurements because various sources of VOCs operate at different pressures, and these pressures change during operation due to ventilation or barometric changes, which means the MS must be recalibrated with each pressure change.
It is an object of this invention to provide real-time monitoring of VOCs in gaseous environments.
It is another object of this invention to use chemical ionization to monitor VOCs from lithography processes at different pressures.
It is also an object of this invention to use active feedback to control the input pressure of a system for real-time monitoring of VOCs in variable gaseous environments.
Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained as particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects, and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention may comprise a system for on-line measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a gaseous sample comprising a measuring device such as a mass spectrometer for measuring the amount of VOCs in the sample, the device having a measuring input maintained at a low pressure. This device has an input tube for carrying the gaseous sample from a first location to its input, the tube reducing the pressure from a first value at said first location to the low pressure, the first value being at least 1000 times greater than the low pressure. An elongated passage is provided for carrying the gaseous sample from a device under test to the first location and for keeping the gas flow and pressure at the first location at predetermined constant values.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of pressure change on measurements of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of flow change on measurements of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows ion intensities vs. scan number for APEX coat of four wafers using this invention.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an on-line volatile organic compound monitoring system 10 may include a chemical ionization mass spectrometer 12 connected to receive VOC from at least one operating chemical process such as a lithography tool 5. The connection must provide an accurate representation at MS 12 of the gases at tool 5, while accounting for the greatly different pressures at these locations. Typically, tool 5 operates at about room atmosphere, a pressure of several hundred Torr, while MS 12 operates at less than one thousandth of a Torr. Furthermore, as discussed hereinafter, the connection must keep the pressure and flow into MS 12 constant, even though the input pressure and flow may vary.
To accomplish this connection, tubing 30 (typically flexible plastic about 5 mm (3/16") inside diameter) extends on the order of 20 m from tool 5, through the subfloor 7 of the fabrication facility where lithography tool 5 is utilized, through a flow controller 64(A) to a first connection port of distribution manifold 32. One embodiment of spectrometer 12 includes a 1.5 mm diameter stainless steel vacuum housing 14 having an open end 15 which provides the only communication to the ion source region of MS 12, and a closed opposing end 17 through which a short length of pressure reducing tube 16 extends from the ion source region to a second connection port of distribution manifold 32. Tubing 16 may be a tubing of any size that provides for restricting flow as well known in the art to drop the pressure across tube 16 to the low operating pressure of MS 12. However, tubing 16 is preferably a capillary of sufficiently small diameter to provide resistance to the flow of gas from tool 5 to MS 12. In one test of the invention, capillary tube 16 was a .25 mm inside diameter uncoated fused silica tube having a length on the order of 1 meter. A metering valve (not shown) between manifold 32 and MS 12 was also used with capillary tube 16 in one test of the invention, but such a valve was found not to be a requirement.
Optionally, a source of buffer gas such as helium may also be applied to vacuum housing 14 through a fixed orifice 18 to limit flow. The sample and buffer combine within the ion source region of spectrometer 12.
In operation, lithography tool 5 generates vapors in a sealed container as is well known in the art. These vapors are exhausted through conventional exhaust lines running under the fab subfloor 5, with the pressure in the exhaust lines typically being on the order of 700 Torr. For qualitative measurements of VOCs at tool 5, it is sufficient to provide a pump 44 connected to a third connection point of distribution manifold 32 to draw gases from tool 5 to distribution manifold 32. Mass spectrometer 12 operates at an internal pressure of between 10-3 and 10-5 Torr, so gases are drawn into the MS from manifold 32.
The aforementioned equipment cannot provide for quantitative measurements due to naturally occurring variations in the system. The measured quantity of VOC is a function of the amount of VOC that flows through tube 16 into MS 12, which amount is a function of the pressure and flow of gas at the input end of capillary tube 16. Pressure may randomly change as the conditions change within tool 5, as the atmospheric pressure changes, and as the device is connected to different tools 5. The flow may change as different processes occur within tool 5 and as equipment comes on or off line in parallel with tool 5. Furthermore, the system must be calibrated with a constant source of material at the same pressure and flow as tool 5.
In accordance with this invention, additional equipment is provided to ensure that the pressure and flow at the input to MS 12 remains constant. Mass flow controller 64(A) provides a constant flow rate at its output so long as its input is at a greater flow rate and there is a sufficient pressure difference between input and output. For a test of this embodiment, controller 64(A) was an MKS Instruments, Andover, Mass., type 1359C device that was set to provide a controlled flow of 2000 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute). Setpoints and readout were achieved with a four channel readout, MKS type 247C (not shown) connected to controller 64(A). Sufficient flow through controller 64(A) was ensured by pump 44, a direct drive mechanical type 2021 pump from Alcatel Vacuum Products Inc., Hingham, Mass.
Pressure at manifold 32 was maintained at a constant pressure of about 400 Torr using a pressure gauge 54 connected to a fourth connection point of distribution manifold 32 to measure the pressure, a throttle valve 48 connected between manifold 32 and pump 44 to adjust the pressure and a throttle valve controller 52 controlled by a signal from pressure gauge 54 to adjust the position of valve 48. The value of 400 Torr was a result of the equipment used in the disclosed embodiment. Any pressure at manifold 32 which is less than the pressure at tool 5 (or any other input likely to be attached to the system), which is significantly greater than the operating pressure of MS 12, and which supports a constant flow and pressure as described herein, is acceptable. As a practical matter, it becomes more difficult to maintain a constant pressure at lower pressures.
For the test, gauge 54 was an MKS Instruments model 690A13TRC; valve 48 was an MKS Instruments type 270, model 253A-1-2CF-1; and controller 52 was an MKS Instruments type 252. The manifold 64 was heated to approximately 50� C. using resistive heat tape to prevent condensation of the organic compounds under test. Depending on the compounds, the entire system may have to be heated, as is well known in the art.
A sampling flow of 2000 sccm was used for each sample line to monitor individual tools. Sample flow was diluted with room air, dependent upon the signal observed, using a second flow controller. For example, a total flow of 4000 sccm (flow controllers 64(A) and 64(B) open, set for 2000 sccm each with 64(C) and 64(D) closed), diluted the exhaust by a factor of two. Different inlet pressures (400 and 500 torr) were also utilized to affect signal intensity.
For the tests, MS 12 was an INCOS XL mass spectrometer (Finnigan Corp., San Jose, Calif.). The instrument scanned a mass range of 50-175 amu at the rate of one scan per 0.8276 seconds. Source and transfer line temperatures were set at 120� C.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of a change in inlet pressure on quantitative measurements. When the inlet pressure at distribution manifold 32 dropped from 500 torr to 400 torr during processing of the fourth of six wafers, the total ion count jumped significantly. This jump occurred because a change in pressure affects the quantity of sample entering MS 12, as well as the pressure inside the MS, which affects the efficiency at which analytes are detected. The drop in pressure reduced the amount of sample entering the MS, which increased the detection efficiency (or sensitivity) of the device and yielded a larger signal.
The feedback system of the invention is utilized to prevent such changes.
In a similar manner, FIG. 3 shows that a change in flow from four to six standard liters per minute caused a significant reduction in total ion count, because a constant fraction of the total flow enters MS 12, and the stream from tool 5 had been diluted by 50% with the extra flow coming from the room air, not the tool.
As further illustrated in FIG. 1, this invention permits the use of the expensive mass spectrometer with a plurality of inputs. An input manifold 60 includes four parallel input arms or paths (A)-(D), with each input path containing a flow controller 64 similar to controller 64(A) and a gate valve 62 to regulate whether or not gas passes through that arm. (Specific arms, and components of specific arms, are identified by a letter (A)-(D) representing each of the four arms displayed in FIG. 1. Statements that apply to all arms will not be designated by a letter.) Additional input tubes (not shown) corresponding to tube 30 may connect each of controllers 64(B) and 64(C) to different tools (not shown) in the fabrication facility.
For calibration purposes, the inputs of flow controller 64(D) is shown to be connected through a three way gate valve 66 to a source of air and to an acetone permeation tube 68. A permeation tube is a closed container filled with a relatively large amount of the desired analyte, such as acetone, in pure form which diffuses through the porous walls of the container at a known rate. The tube is often placed in an oven to ensure constant temperature. For the test, acetone permeation tube 68 (VTI, Oak Ridge, Tenn., model LPL-5-ACE-4MVCR-FV-FTV) was connected to the sampling manifold with a flow of 50 cc/min.
Input manifold 60 permits single or multi-component gas streams to be generated for calibration purposes. By connecting glass bubbling tube 67 to path (B), gases of different compounds may be generated and used to calibrate MS 12. In a test of the invention, quantitation was performed by monitoring a single mass for each source analyte. The signal intensity of the protonated molecular ion was monitored for acetone (m/z 59), isopropanol (m/z 61), and ethyl lactate (m/z 119) ; whereas the signal intensity of a fragment ion of HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) (m/z 147) was monitored. Protonated HMDS was observed, but was far less abundant. Both ethyl lactate and HMDS produce fragment ions that should be considered if additional compounds are to be monitored since they may overlap with peaks of other compounds. For example, the fragment ion of HMDS appearing at m/z 73 creates an interference for any analyte whose protonated molecular ion would appear at the same mass. In mixture analysis the result could range from a small measurement bias to a false positive. In general, the less fragmentation present and the higher the m/z value monitored, the lower the probability of mass spectral interferences.
To utilize the invention in the environment for which it is designed, a semiconductor production line, the major components of each photolithography blend were detected by GC/MS and retention times tabulated for all components under these GC conditions. The major ions observed for individual components, i.e. their mass spectral "signatures", were also tabulated. Samples were then collected using adsorption tubes on-site and analyzed to determine the approximate concentration levels of photolithography blend components present during wafer processing. Despite difficulties in determining detection limits in Cl/MS, comparison of on-site data and GC/MS analysis of laboratory-generated exhaust flows allowed the sampling manifold and Cl/MS instrumentation to be optimized for on-line analysis.
One goal of this invention is to determine the potential of Cl/MS to perform as an end-point detector in various operations. Detection and measurement of organics exhausted during spin-coat, soft-bake, and post-exposure bake tool (PEB) operations has been demonstrated. Changes in the signal of one component observed in the PEB exhaust with changes in exposure conditions and PEB oven temperature demonstrate the capabilities of Cl/MS exhaust monitoring.
For one test, exhaust flow from two spin-coater cups were individually monitored during standard wafer coating procedures. The first procedure coated APEX (a photoresist chemical manufactured by Shipley, Marlborough, Mont.) followed by a backside wash of GBL (a rinsing chemical manufactured by Olin Stamford, Conn., whose major ingredient is 4-butyrolactone). FIG. 4 plots with a common y-axis the total ion counts (TIC, sum of all ions) in addition to selected ion plots for m/z 73 (APEX) and m/z 87 (GBL) versus scan number. Four wafers were coated using the nominal parameters of a 6 second dispense time, 30 second casting time and 15 second backside rinse. Initially almost no APEX and only a small level of GBL was present. APEX present in the spin-coater and/or sampling line did not drop back to baseline before the next wafer was coated, and remains elevated during the following wafers. One and a half minutes after the last wafer, APEX was still present. An acetone calibration was performed after the APEX coat and used to calculate the APEX concentration (in acetone equivalents) present at each peak maximum (see Table 1). The less volatile GBL was observed to increase slowly with time (see m/z 87, FIG. 2), reaching a maximum concentration of 0.8 ppm (in acetone equivalents). Depletion of GBL began to occur 1.5 minutes after the last wafer.
Based on the preliminary data, the APEX ion (m/z 73, fragment of PGMEA) and the protonated molecular ion of GBL (m/z 87) were chosen for quantitation. These ions were of greatest abundance in the spectra of these compounds and therefore would allow the lowest detection limits.
TABLE 1______________________________________APEX peak width and concentration at peak - maximum (in acetoneequivalents). peak max. (ppm)APEX peak # peak width (seconds) (acetone equivalents)______________________________________1 71 2.52 75 2.23 71 2.04 68 .2.2______________________________________
The particular sizes and equipment discussed above are cited merely to illustrate a particular embodiment of this invention. While the invention is illustrated measuring VOCs from a semiconductor processing tool, it may be utilized to monitor many different processes and many different compounds. It is contemplated that the use of the invention may involve components having different sizes and shapes as long as the principles of the invention are followed. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
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January 2009 Issue 17 In this Issue: Motorola Canopy®: Point to Multipoint Solutions SCADA Operating via Wireless IP Communications Networks If you wish to add anyone to the eNews list please do so by clicking the following link: SUBSCRIBE Motorola Canopy® The Canopy® system is the ideal technology for developing, enhancing and extending advanced broadband networks and services, making delivery of high-demand technologies like Internet access, voice over IP, video services, security surveillance, and SCADA, both faster and less expensive. How Canopy meets the Challenge License free Bands • Canopy works in the unlicensed UNII spectrum so there is no need for spectrum licensing Simple Installation • Canopy equipment is simple to install for those experienced in wireless communication systems Low Start-Up Cost • Canopy wireless modems are more affordable than any other wireless Internet suitable system for outdoor installations Motorola Canopy® Point to Multipoint Wireless Data Solutions SCADA Master SCADA Secondary Control Center Control Center IP Canopy Subscriber STS Prog. Network Ethernet Tool IP Gateway IP Con. Canopy Wireless IP Network: 900Mhz, 2.4 GHz, 5.2/5.7 GHz STS Prog. Canopy Tool RS-232 IP Con. Access Point RTU STS Prog. Tool Canopy IP Con. Canopy Access Point Subscriber (Range Ext.) RTU IP Con. RTU ACE3600 over Canopy and direct IP provides an end-to-end IP Con. SCADA system enhanced with MDLC features Canopy RTU Subscriber Delivering Reliable, Cost-Effective High-Speed Connectivity to Multiple Locations Wireless broadband over IP is quickly becoming the world's preferred technology for enterprises, municipalities, and service providers, delivering advanced and in-demand IP-based voice, video, data, and SCADA data applications. Motorola's Canopy Point-to-Multipoint wireless solutions are leading the way with successful deployments all around the globe. Canopy solutions deliver scalable, interference-resistant, high-speed connectivity to multiple residential, business, institutional, and municipal locations. The platform combines exceptional reliability with robust performance, scalability, multiple layers of security, ease-of-use, accelerated deployment, and remarkable affordability. It also integrates seamlessly with existing network systems and management tools, making it easier and more cost efficient to extend existing networks. Maximizing the benefits by unlicensed wireless frequencies, Canopy solutions streamline the development, deployment, enhancement and extension of advanced IP-based wireless broadband networks. They excel at delivering ubiquitous high-speed connectivity and state-of-the-art services, and are currently helping to drive successful business models in more than 120 countries worldwide. Back to Top SCADA Operating via Wireless IP Communications Networks Dan Ehrenreich, Motorola Inc. Overview Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) solutions must provide reliable and timely communications, to a wide range of instrumentation, field sensors, and SCADA control centers. This means that messages sent from the control center to the Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), directly (point to point), or via one or more repeaters, or from RTUs to the control center, must be delivered on time and reliably. Furthermore, each message is to be confirmed for correct acceptance or information on rejection or failure must be returned to the sending entity. When the utilized media is fiber optic or high quality private lines, the communication is close to ideal and unless there is a media malfunction the system operate seamlessly. However when any wireless media is used, the implementation requires more attention in order to achieve communication reliability. The general perception among customers is that both RTUs and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) may operate over a variety of wireless or physical media; however, many system engineers already reach the conclusion that their PLCs don't deliver identical networking, data security and data reliability as RTUs. As typical SCADA systems usually use just one vendor's RTU or PLC, often it may be difficult to perform true benchmarking. To enable real time data flow, it has become of utmost importance to have connectivity across the SCADA system via broad bandwidth media. This white paper describes the various considerations and options available for IP based wireless communications such as: GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), APCO 25 digital and private Wi-Fi networks. Back to Top Wireless IP Communications The introduction of low-cost, reliable wireless Canopy Network: communications has made many SCADA Wireless broadband over IP is today the world's preferred technology for applications economically and technically practical. IP-based voice, video, data, and SCADA data applications. Motorola's Now, the introduction of wireless IP communications Canopy Point-to-Multipoint wireless solutions are leading the way with technologies promises more function with similar successful deployments all around the globe. Canopy systems deliver cost, better reliability, and more technology and scalable, interference-resistant, high-speed connectivity to multiple residential, vendor choices. SCADA networks operating via business, institutional, and municipal locations. The platform combines wireless IP Networks may utilize IEC 60870-5-104, exceptional reliability with robust performance, scalability, multiple layers of IEC 61850 or, MODBUS or DNP3 protocols over security, ease-of-use, accelerated deployment, and remarkable affordability. IP (TCP and/or UDP). While these protocols can It also integrates seamlessly with existing network systems and management offer many user benefits and provide an adequate tools, making it easier and more cost efficient to extend existing networks. solution for a majority of SCADA applications, potential security and reliability concerns should result in caution when considering wireless IP Technology Benchmarking communications in critical applications. To evaluate There are many benefits to implementing wireless IP communication the performance, costs, and benefits associated technologies for SCADA: these technologies can offer increased functionality with wireless IP, it is important to examine the and efficiency for a SCADA system. High tier wireless IP communications various wireless technologies. The following are can also offer compliance with data security and reliability requirements. available wireless SCADA systems: Besides the benefits of increased efficiency and functionality, wireless IP technology communications can also offer a reduction of the costs and over- Licensed Frequency Radio: head associated with infrastructure, installation, and coordination efforts. If a licensed channel is available, radio link is a low Wireless IP also allows greater accessibility to remote SCADA sites as well cost option to consider. It is easy to implement from as increasing the functionality due to its hardware independence. a hardware perspective, making rapid deployment Wireless IP allows the utilization of non-proprietary communication possible. They may include digital APCO 25 type hardware and lowers the network ownership cost while allowing multiple radios utilizing VHF, UHF or 800 MHz licensed unrelated tasks to utilize the same physical communications channel. channels. Some systems utilize license-free Furthermore, these technologies are faster when compared to traditional spread spectrum communication, which may be analog and RS-232 based serial communications. SCADA front-ends must suitable for non-critical monitoring applications. be capable of significant latitude in configuration of communications timers. Using non-license channels for control might not be a preferred option. Conclusion Digital Cellular: GPRS: Wireless IP-based communications using public networks offer many oper- Digital cellular communications, using GPRS ating and cost benefits and are adequate for most SCADA applications. technology, becomes a popular choice for wireless However, due to potential security and reliability concerns, caution should IP communications, producing higher data speeds be used when considering its use in critical control applications. This tech- and wider acceptability across the globe than other nology integrates well with modern SCADA systems, the price is reasonable options. However most GPRS operators will agree but it is required to manage the monthly account fees (typically by reducing that their network cannot gurantee highly reliable the total amount of data transferred per month). data communications needed for critical SCADA The communications performance is respectable but the average speed applications. Particularly, one must be aware of the must be considered if large amounts of data will be transferred especially following key features: when the system is configured to perform cyclic polling. In private systems • Higher data communication rates. The utilized the channel security may be very good, but if the connection utilizes any packet switching ensures spectrum efficiency public network infrastructure, a comprehensive security plan (i.e. VPN, fire- because network resources are used only walls, etc.) is a minimal requirement. The data throughput is consistent and when data is actually transmitted. adequate for most SCADA systems, however there is a lack of published • SCADA systems which perform Reporting by information about data reliability specifically when referring to public Event communication process utilize just light networks (like GPRS) where the network may be often overloaded due to volume of data trough the network and this download of attractive events, on-line view of football games, news, etc.). reduces the charges by the GPRS network operator. Consequently the GPRS operator Some operators may be willing to offer static IP addressing and have a large might not consider SCADA RTUs as heavy variety of available pricing plans which need to be very seriously evaluated users, and therefore they might not be excited as usage costs can have extreme variations based on scanning strategies. talking about high reliability of their packet data Given a well-planned polling strategy, these costs can be competitive with communications. traditional serial communications options. Although GPRS technology offers a number of The bottom line decision shall be: yes use Private wireless IP networks benefits as mentioned above, there are where available and consider using public IP networks only for non-critical disadvantages which are applicable to SCADA data monitoring. Furthermore, refer to data reliability and data security systems. Stability can be an issuae during times considerations specifically as required for your system and verify this overall when the network is overloaded. performance is adequate for that application. Back to Top
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Join us throughout the summer as you are able for the Gospel Review series on Tuesday nights at 7pm in Holy Family Hall. We will reflect on and discuss the Gospel reading for the upcoming Sunday in an informal small group setting. Everyone is welcome. There is no fee. All materials will be provided. For our planning purposes, please register through Eventbrite or call the parish office at 586.771.8300.
Congratulations & Thank You to Deacon Bob as he celebrates the 41st Anniversary of his Diaconate Ordination on June 15.
One of the most commonly heard complaints from people in the pews and clergy alie is 'the lack of reverence' that is frequently shown toward the Eucharist. Many do not genuflect or bow before the Blessed Sacrament, so do not know the proper way to hold their hands to receive Holy Communion, may receive 'unworthily' without finding the right disposition by attending the Sacrament of Reconciliation, and perhaps even remembering for engage in the Eucharistic fast. Especially in the summer, people also seem to get pretty casual in their wardrobe choices.
For thirty years now we have had the practice and custom of standing throughout the Eucharistic Prayer here at St. Lucy's. It is reminiscent of the earliest posture of prayer for Christians to stand with arms outstretched to give God thanks and praise.
Although the U.S. Bishops in recent years have decided that the posture of kneeling is to become the norm in parishes throughout the country as the current General Instruction to the Roman Missal and its Third Edition continues to guide our prayer, we have not been asked, nor will we be, to change our practice here at St. Lucy.
Both standing and kneeling have historical foundations, and to consider one 'wrong' or irreverent would be incorrect. That being said, and as our youngest members of our family of faith begin to join us in a lifetime of celebrating this sacrament with us, it may be a helpful reminder on this Feast of the Body and Blood of the Lord, to review the various signs of reverence toward the Eucharist as defined by the Church at the present time.
Anytime anyone is standing throughout the entire Eucharistic Prayer (and that's all of us— and anyone in an over-crowded situation where people are literally standing in the aisles, and even at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome where there are no kneelers) — following the singing of the Holy, Holy — when most would typically be kneeling, one is expected to offer a 'profound bow' (one that bends the body from the waist) following the elevation of the Eucharistic Bread as the Presider genuflects. The same gesture of reverence is also to be done following the elevation of the Precious Blood of Christ when the Presider genuflects again.
The gesture is truly expected to be a unifying one within the entire assembly for us since we give thanks that 'you have held us worthy to be in your presence and minister to you.' as Eucharistic Prayer II notes. The entire Eucharistic Prayer is designed to be one prayer of the entire assembly offered by the Presider and demands the full, conscious, and active participation from each member present. Reflect on your own practice, pay attention to others around you some weekend; let us all work together so that our practice might truly reverence Christ present among us, in each other and in our hearts. Jesus Christ — yesterday, today and forever, and him alone.
The usual gesture of reverence toward the Blessed Sacrament whether in the tabernacle or exposed in adoration in the monstrance is a genuflection, using one knee. It is also the same gesture toward the cross of Christ that is used following the Liturgy of the Lord's Passion on Good Friday until the beginning of the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday. For many, as they age, this gesture of genuflection becomes increasingly difficult. The Church never intends its practices to be a hardship for its members. If you are unable to genuflect, the next order of gesture is the profound bow.
When receiving Communion, remember that a gesture of reverence is also expected. Again, our U.S. Bishops in keeping with the General Instruction have determined that the gesture will be bowing one's head. As you approach the minister and after hearing the words, "The Body of Christ" simply bow your head, (not a profound bow from the waist) then say "Amen" and receive the Body of Christ. The communicant always has the option of receiving the Body of Christ in one's hand or receiving him by mouth. When Communion is received under both forms, our regular practice here at St. Lucy, the same sign of reverence (bowing the head) is also made before receiving the Precious Blood, after hearing the words "The Blood of Christ."
As summer unfolds it may also be helpful to consider wardrobe choices when coming to Mass. Ministers are asked to avoid wearing flip flops, bare midriffs, shorts and spaghetti or strapless tops. Polo shirts, and shirts with a collar are appropriate for men, especially when it's too hot for a sport coat.
As we continue to celebrate as liturgical assemblies throughout the summer, let's work on these practices that the universal church expects of us, and be considerate, and not offend other members of the Body of Christ by some of our choices.
St. Lucy's is hosting the summer lunch program
at Crossroads of Michigan
on Thursday, June 25th.
This includes planning and preparing the lunch as well as delivering and serving it.
Afterwards, the children will gather together for a craft or entertainment.
12:00 p.m. until 2:00 p.m.
Carpool from St. Lucy's at 11:15 a.m.
Adults and children are welcome!
For more information or to sign up,
please email Donna at firstname.lastname@example.com
or call the Parish Office at 586.771.8300.
For more information about Crossroads of Michigan visit:


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Certain to avoid talking politics in front of the hypersensitive cameras, Boehner opted for the more germane.
Other A380 operators, Air France and Lufthansa, also opted for the Engine Alliance engines.
Manning has opted to be tried by military judge alone, and not by a panel of officers and enlisted personnel.
1877, from French opter "to choose" (16c.), from Latin optare "choose, desire" (see option). To opt out is attested from 1922. Related: Opted; opting.


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