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(based on 4 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
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1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Feels too small
Feels true to size
100% (4 reviews)
(4 reviews)
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Wonderful fit and looks just as good.
By Deb
from Dublin, GA
About Me Bargain Shopper
Comments about Scallop Socks by National®:
I have been wearing the no show white athletic type socks since I began swelling in my legs and feet. I grew up wearing knee socks, now called trouser socks which are about as thin as a pair of hose. I always liked my lady-like socks then I had to give them up. I have large calves and when I began to swell, had to give them up. That is until now. These are more of a crew length and can wear them pushed down toward ankle like I use to when younger which makes the swelling almost unnoticeable. I LOVE MY SOCKS. I bought a pack of the light color and a pack of the darker colors. Thanks National, they wear well with the shoes I have purchased from you lately, too.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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By FS
from Orono, ME
About Me Casual
Comfortable to wear with regular or tennis-type shoes. I do wish that one could purchase a packet of all white or all ivory socks, rather than mixed colors.
Very Nice Socks
By Alice
from Canoga Park, CA
match my dresses
scallop socks
By betmatrho
from Missouri
About Me Bargain Shopper, Casual
Very nice socks - love them for all around wear and especially because they don't fit too tight at the top - lots of give.


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Cars are coming back to the former site of Templeton Motors on Highway 12 next to the National Guard Armory.
Barnes Crossing Auto Sales and Service of Starkville will hold its grand opening at that location today, selling used cars and renovating the site as part of the company's expansion from Tupelo.
To subscribe to the E-edition, please click here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Country Conversation of The Week – Jason Aldean
In honor of our big ticket giveaway for Jason Aldean's concert at SPAC, today we rewind to feature a Country Conversation with Jason Aldean.
In honor of our big ticket giveaway for Jason Aldean's concert at SPAC, today we rewind to feature a Country Conversation with Jason Aldean.
As we celebrate Mother's Day weekend, I hope you enjoy this sentimental list of songs that express how we feel about mom. I dedicate these songs to my mom, Carol. A strong single mom, who shuttled me to radio stations and concerts before I was old enough to drive. Most importantly, for allowing me to apply for a child actor's permit, so that I could pursue my passions in music and radio before the legal working age.
One of the hottest Country Dance Songs of Summer 2014 could be Brad Paisley's 'River Bank!'
It's no secret -- I love Jerrod Niemann. I cannot handle partying with the guy because he truly can "drink to that all night," and I just can't anymore, but I do love to try when he comes to town.
When the song "Drink to That All Night" came out, I also must confess I thought, "Wow, is that country?" Well, what is and what isn't country can be debated all day and many times over, but what I knew was that whatever you called it, it was good music. Jerrod really does have a way of stretching boundaries, trying new things and, above all, having fun with his music. I, for one, like that approach.
REBA MCENTIRE is giving fans like you a chance to be in the video to her new song "Pray for Peace"!
All you have to do is record yourself doing Reba's specific "pray for peace" motions, and then send her the video.
Watch her example video -
Then Click Her
The final auditions for WGNA's Country Idol will happen on Thursday, May 8 at Saratoga Casino and Raceway.
On Saturday, May 31 I'm going to see George Strait's final stop in New England on 'The Cowboy Rides Away Tour.'
Jerrod Niemann's new album High Noon has already given us one line dance party smash with 'Drink To That All Night.' Now, Niemann keeps the floor full with the novelty dance tune 'Donkey.'
Every once in a while, fans do something stupid that makes an artist stop what they are doing, sometimes in the middle of a song, to take control of the situation. Honestly, no one finds these moments funny, especially the artist. Yet, there are times when you just gotta do what you gotta do. This happened to Chris Young at his concert in Glens Falls Friday night.
Country veteran Mickey Gilley recently caught up with us on WGNA's Sunday Morning Hall of Fame.
Mickey Gilley recently joined us on WGNA's Sunday Morning Hall of Fame!


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See you on Saturday. Looking forward to the whole thing but it's nice that Mice Chat will be a part of it too.
See you on Saturday. Looking forward to the whole thing but it's nice that Mice Chat will be a part of it too.
Peter Pan Forever!!! I Will Never Grow Up.
Thank You Poisonedapples
The parks will be decorated On Nov. 13th
Also, don't forget that if you aren't going to be at the Expo on Sunday the regular MiceChat meet will still be taking place at noon. There are sure to be some characters there as well.
Thank you, Phyllisann4 we will be leaving at the end of November. It will be our first time ever going during the Christmas Holiday setup. As for D23 wish we could be there.
I hope you all have a wonderful time. I really wish I could attend but California is just too far of a hop, skip, and a jump away from Michigan for me this year...
Sure wish I could be there. What a wonderful opportunity!! I want pictures, and lots of them!!
Everyone have a WONDERFUL time! Take lots of photos and post them for those that can't attend.
As if seeing our smiling faces weren't enough reason to stop by the MiceChat booth, we'll also be awarding hundreds of prizes daily (throughout the day), including a chance to win a stay at the Howard Johnson Anaheim Resort, certified collectibles from Disney's Character Warehouse, Pal Mickey, Mickey plush, and collectibles from Orlando Fun Tickets, Disney travel books from author Kevin Yee, and much more.
At 4pm on Sunday, we'll award the big prizes - a Jim Shore sculpture courtesy Fairy Godmother Travel, a Mickey big fig Courtesy Dustysage, an Olszewski Main Street sculpture courtesy Character Warehouse, and a grand prize 4 night (with 2 2-day park hopper tickets) Disneyland vacation from the Howard Johnson Anaheim Resort (HoJo)!
Simply stop by the MiceChat booth and fill out a prize entry form.*
4 days, over 1,000 prizes and giveaways, MiceChat brings the magic to the D23 Expo!
* Full contest rules and terms. Entry details WILL be shared with our Expo partners, Orlando Fun Tickets, Howard Johnson Anaheim Resort, Fairy Godmother Travel, and Character Warehouse. You may opt out at any time.
MiceChat 101: Be NICE! If you don't play well with others, you are in the wrong sandbox.
Find us on Facebook:
How do you support MiceChat? Join MiceChat GOLD!,
Dusty - are there any planned after hours meeting times/places?
I love my awesome crazy wonderful friends!!
"Do you remember in kindergarten, how youd meet a kid,then 10 seconds later youd be playing like you were best friends?"* * *
I will be there tomorrow and Friday!
Thanks for the info Dusty! I will certainly be seeing ya'll at the booth from time to time!!!
I have a feeling there may be many booths with contests we might want to enter...so everyone should remember to bring some return address labels, it makes it so easy to enter contests, you'll usually only have to fill in a phone number and/or email address!!
Thanks for the additional info Dusty! Do you have to be present to win?
Imagination ~ dream a fantastic dream ~ use your imagination
Please visit my store!
My current blog - check it out!
I can't wait to meet you all on Saturday! Shocker_Batman and I are SO excited!
"If I had a world of my own, everything would be nonsense. Nothing would be what it is because everything would be what it isn't. And contrary-wise; what it is it wouldn't be, and what it wouldn't be, it would. You see? " - Alice
"If his brain's ran down, how can he talk?" - Jack Pumpkinhead"It happens to people all the time, Jack." - Dorothy
"It seems the words on my mug are right: 'It is hard to soar with Eagles when you work with Turkeys.'" - Sam the Eagle


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Kukla's Korner Hockey
From Almost Out The Door To New Contract Talk For Chris Phillips
by Paul on 02/18/11 at 01:47 AM ET
Comments (0)
from Bruce Garrioch of the Ottawa Sun,
Making $3.5 million this season, Phillips will have to take less money to stay. Neither side has discussed numbers and that could be part of Friday's discussion.
"We've indicated that there's a strong possibility (Phillips can stay) if Chris is inclined to do so," said Murray. "The only question I asked: If it doesn't fit financially for him or if what we're doing here going younger (doesn't work), give us an answer early enough."
Murray said he will not force Phillips to waive his no-movement clause. But sources say there's plenty of interest with Boston, Montreal, Vancouver and San Jose all looking for blue-line help.
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We have a lovely time this Easter. Just what a B and B should be. Great owners and staff. Will be going back next year. Blackpool is looking a lot better now with a lot of investment. Some of the new buildings are worth the trip on there own.
Very warm and friendly people run this hotel. Its got a good sized bar and a pool/music room as well. The prices are very reasonable . Once you've eaten one of the full English breakfasts you'll definitely be glad you stayed! Its situated just off the seafront, just far enough to get rid of the traffic noise and bar crawlers...
Stayed here for a three night family break during October 2014. Hotel is located approx 100 yards from the front and has parking at the rear.
The owners couldn't have done anything more for us, from the moment we arrived to the time we left, they were both checking everything was alright, asking if there was anything else they could...
We stayed for six days four of us it was lovely staying here and very cozy everyone was so friendly the breakfasts were gorgeous. my girls loved it and said if we ever go back to Blackpool can we come back to the glyndale and I have said yes cause I would definitely stay here again 8)
Stayed here for 2 nights (july 2014) as a family of 5 (3 adults - 2 kids). Excellent location - easy to find, managed to get parked right outside. Rooms were lovely and the breakfast was fantastic. Will defo stay here again.
Just got home from a 2 night stay at the Glyndale. We received a warm welcome from Lynn the proprietor, who made us feel very welcome and at home. The room had everything we needed for our short break, shower, t.v. tea/coffee making facilities and most of all very clean. Had a few pints in the bar, which was needed...
This hotel is right by seafront and it is great, never have I stayed in a hotel were the two owners have been so warm and friendly and they will do anything for the rooms were lovely and clean and the breakfast was first class full English toast coffee juice would stay hear again no problem thankyou the Dudley girls....
As part of a large group of regular visitors, we were wonderfully looked after by the new, ever patient and friendly owners/staff. The water pressure - specifically for showering girls long hair - is challenging but still can't wait to see you all again next year.
we stayed here over the long Easter weekend as we have done for many years and had a fab time. We are a large and sometimes rowdy party but this was well managed by the new owners. They threw on some free food on the Friday night, made sure the bar is well stocked, what more could you ask of...
Lynn, The Manageress of The Glyndale gave us a fabulous welcome and was totally outstanding throughout our two day visit. Her generosity, kindness and hospitality was superb. Her hosting was the best that I or any in my party had ever experienced. Breakfast was excellent and I simply cannot praise or thank her and her family enough. Actions speak louder...


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Victoria News
Local news for Victoria, BC continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
Israel seizes Flotilla ship to Gaza and deports two
Friday | Scoop | Comment?
Viking Air sends Twin Otter to Canada north to mark anniversary
Thursday | Penninsula News Review | Comment?
Arts amble underway in Oak Bay
Thursday | Oak Bay News | Comment?
Climb right on and tour B.C. in the open air
Thursday Jul 2 | The Georgia Straight | Comment?
Vic West Park picnic invites ideas
Thursday Jul 2 | Esquimalt News | Comment?
Marina puts sustainable seafood on the menu
Thursday Jul 2 | Lake Cowichan Gazette | Comment?
The Email Address Debacle: Did Hillary Do Something Wrong?
politics 1,653
American Terrorism: Plain and Simple
terrorism 216
37 Celebrities Who Killed Someone In Real Life
Canadian Modernist Emily Carr Finally Gets Her Due
Wednesday Jul 1 | Hyperallergic | Comment?
Out in Vancouver: July 2 - "July 7, 2015
Wednesday Jul 1 | Xtra! | Comment?
A proud Canadian
Wednesday Jul 1 | Sooke News MIrror | Comment?
Tribute across the Strait: Before America's Independence Day on Saturday, there's Canada Day today
Wednesday Jul 1 | Peninsula Daily News | Comment?
E&N Rail Trail project moving along on West Shore
Tuesday Jun 30 | Goldstream Gazette | Comment?
CAPREIT Increases Presence in Strong British Columbia Market
Tuesday Jun 30 | Sys-Con Media | Comment?
From B.C. cabinet to sleeping under a bridge, Vancouver man shares his story of recovery
Tuesday Jun 30 | National Post | Comment?
Victoria Fringe fest producers launch first queer theatre festival
Tuesday Jun 30 | Xtra! | Comment?
Commonwealth Games 2018: Mascot design competition opens
Monday Jun 29 | Sydney Morning Herald | Comment?
Hermann Nieweler transformed Victoria hotel into jazz landmark
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Desert Essence Organics Hand Repair Cream Pumpkin Spice -- 4 fl oz
Oops! Something went wrong and we were unable to process your request. Please try again.
This super hydrating fast absorbing hand cream will restore softness and revive even the most tired looking hands. Contains organic pumpkin and organic jojoba oil to restore moisture while organic licorice brightens skin.
Apply liberally to hands as needed
Vitacost price: $7.38
Vitacost price: $7.38
Vitacost price: $7.99


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Hagemeyer North America ReviewsHagemeyer North America 32
"Great company - location management poor "
- Work/Life Balance
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
- Comp & Benefits
- Senior Management
I have been working at Hagemeyer North America full-time (More than 5 years)RecommendsNeutral OutlookApproves of CEORecommendsNeutral OutlookApproves of CEO
Great opportunity for training and benefits from a corporate level
Lack of team work and qualified management that creates an atmosphere of discontent. Changes are much needed but unlikely
Advice to Management
Needs audit
Hagemeyer North America Interviews
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Helpful (2)No OfferNegative ExperienceAverage Interview
I applied through other source. The process took 2+ months – interviewed at Hagemeyer North America (Charleston, SC).
Response time was extremely fast when I initially applied. I heard from the recruiter's assistant within a few hours to set up a time for an initial phone screen. Recruiter and I spoke for close to an hour the following week and he indicated that he wanted to get me in quickly to meet with the hiring manager as they wanted to find the right candidate before the current person left.
I met with the hiring manager the following week...as far as I could tell the interview was fantastic. Conversation was great, and hiring manager told me at the conclusion that he would touch base with the recruiter to see what the next steps needed to be as far as drug test, background, etc, and they were hoping to have written offer out within a week or two.
Two weeks passed with no update. I finally reached out to the recruiter to which I received no answer, and then ultimately the hiring manager who informed me that he was sorry for the delay but they had not yet made a decision, and that it would be delayed another 3 weeks.
3 Weeks came and went...still no update from either party. Trying not to be an overbearing annoyance, I waited until the 4th week to reach out once more. The only response I received was a quick and impersonal: "We already hired someone else."
I am not upset at not getting an offer. My complete frustration is with the lack of professionalism on both the part of the recruiter (who does this sort of thing for a living) and the hiring manager (who I gave a bit of a break assuming that he didn't know any better). When people take time out of their day or their lives, or in my case, travel 7 hours away for the interview, at least allow them the closure of a rejection letter or something.
While I do understand that anything can happen within the hiring process to delay a final decision, dragging a response out 2 months beyond the original expectation is unnecessary.
Interview Questions
- Tell me a time you did not agree with your boss and how the situation was handled. Answer Question
Hagemeyer North America Awards & Accolades
Let us know if we're missing any workplace or industry recognition – Add an award
Additional InfoUnlock Profile
Hagemeyer North America (HNA) gets a charge out of spreading things around. The company -- a subsidiary of French distribution giant Sonepar's US subsidiary, Sonepar Management US -- distributes electrical, industrial, safety and other maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) products from about 70 locations across North America and over the Web. It also performs instrumentation repair and calibration, hydrostatic testing, air sampling, lighting design, and various other services. Companies such as 3M, DuPont, Philips, Cardiac Science, and more supply products to... More


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It's officially summer and that means I have a social calendar filled to the brim. As a highly sensitive person, it doesn't take much for me to feel overwhelmed. While I love to be around my people, I also love my solitude. It's how I recharge, relax, and feel most comfortable.
But hey, YOLO. Are the kids still saying that?
Because of these full days, I haven't had much time or energy to post anything! Continue reading to see what I've been up to and what's still in store.


text: Andriana is lovely and very welcoming, she likes to know you are having a good time. Her dog is lovely and also likes to greet people when they arrive. The rooms are large and spacious and the showers were good. There is a fridge and a hob to cook with and a table on the balcony. The apartments do not... More


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I have been loving the myplayer part of 2K11. I am currently in my 3rd season and I have 1 MVP and a championship while playing for the Miami Heat. I want to get to the Hall of Fame but it looks like I can't play with my character in 2K13. Anyone else wish they could import their character in to 2K13?
Who here wishes their myplayer character was playable in 2K13?
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Hello! Thank you for visiting my website!
I am Shelby Rae Hearley.
I am currently finishing up my Undergraduate degree at Carroll University in Waukesha, Wisconsin. I am earning my Bachelor's in Graphic Communications, with an emphasis in Web Design and a minor in Information Technology. I love to play volleyball, knit, and cook! Please check out my resume page to learn more!


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The state Highway Patrol's Norwalk Post is investigating a commercial vehicle rollover injury crash that occurred last night at 9:15 p.m. Tuesday.
The crash occurred on U.S. 20 west of Wakeman Town Line Road in Townsend Township.
Timothy R. McCarville, 58, of McCook, Neb., was driving a 1996 Kenworth Semi Truck pulling a 2003 Utility flatbed trailer carrying three coils of steel. He was wearing his seat belt at the time of the crash was not ejected during the rollover. Due to his minor injuries, he was transported to Fisher-Titus Medical Center and later released. The vehicle, trailer and load were all towed from the scene by Wilcox Towing.
McCarville was traveling west bound on U.S. 20 during a heavy rain when he hydroplaned, causing him to drive off the right side of the roadway. The commercial truck struck the ditch and due to the heavy load shifting, the entire unit rolled over. The tractor came to rest on its top and the trailer on its right side. As a result of the crash, there was about 80 to 100 gallons of diesel fuel spilled into the ditch. The spill was contained and cleared by Spill Tek Environmental Services.
Due to the diesel spill and extensive removal of the commercial vehicle, trailer, and load, US 20 was closed for eight hours. The Ohio Department of Transportation executed a route detour due to the road closure.
There is no indication of alcohol or drug involvement and the crash remains under investigation.
Assisting agencies included North Central EMS, Ohio Department of Transportation, Huron County EMA and Spill Tek Environmental Services.


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Hi, I am new to this board and need a little bit of advice. I have a 13 month old, she is generally a happy baby! She's a great baby, but going through this screaming phase. (or at least that's what I hope it is) She screams when she's happy, screams when she's mad, screams to get your attention, screams when she doesn't get what she wants... she loves to scream. I don't know how to break her of this. What can I do. She will do it when we're out eating and I know it gets annoying to others. Please help!!
New with a question...
~Angela~ wifey to ~David~
Mommy to a ~Baby Girl~
ღ♥ஐ Addyson Grace ஐ♥ღ Born 04/30/09
Comments (4)
Wife to Travis 08-08-08
Mama to London 10-25-08...And Ryder �02-20-11
It is a phase. The best thing to do is quite literally ignore the screams - if she doesn't see a reaction to it, she'll move on to the next cool sound she discovers.
The best thing you can do is ignore it. Make sure she is ok without her knowing you are there (if possible), but if you give her any attention because she is screaming, she will keep doing it. If you are in public and people get annoyed take her outsite until it is over, don't make eye contact or talk to her, just take her outside. It will pass!
Its just a phase! She is just discovering her voice, and the fact that it gets attention. Just ignore her, I like Logan's Mom 411 's advice, that sounds perfect. Just pick her up and move her outside without saying anything. She will soon learn it is not a "big deal" and will move on to some new skill!
In love with my hubby, and our sweet princess, Isabella, June 15, 2008


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Judge to pronounce sentence on Weisheit Thursday
Jury recommended death sentence
Clark County Circuit Court Judge Daniel Moore will decide Thursday morning if convicted murderer Jeffrey Weisheit will be sentenced to death for the April 10, 2010, deaths of two Evansville children in northern Vanderburgh County.
Weisheit, 37, was found guilty of murder and arson on June 17 after a six-day trial in Jeffersonville, Ind., in which he took the stand in his own defense against the advice of his attorneys. The trial was moved there to avoid the effects of pretrial publicity in Vanderburgh County.
The charges stemmed from the deaths of Caleb Lynch, 5, and Alyssa Lynch, 8, in a fire at Weisheit's home. Their bodies were found inside the ruins of the house on Fischer Road. An autopsy indicated they died of smoke inhalation, according to the Vanderburgh County Coroner's Office, indicating they were alive when the fire was set. Two flares were found near Caleb Lynch's body, according to court testimony.
Weisheit was arrested in Northern Kentucky after a police chase that at times exceeded 100 mph. Officers subdued him with a stun gun after he left his car and threw a knife toward them.
In his testimony, Weisheit admitted stuffing a dish towel in Caleb Lynch's mouth and then duct-taping it, and acknowledged that he taped the boy's arms behind his back. He said he did it because Caleb was misbehaving on the night before the fire.
After convicting Weisheit, the jury listened to additional testimony before recommending that he receive a death sentence.
In arguing for the death penalty, prosecutors cited the number of victims and their ages as aggravating factors warranting a sentence of death or life without parole. The jury also could have recommended that he be sentenced to a term of years decided by the judge.
Defense attorneys Mike McDaniel and Stephen Owens called two doctors as expert witnesses to testify that Weisheit suffers from bipolar disorder.
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Bahrain's stock exchange said the Gulf-based owner of Leeds United hasn't explained conflicting statements made about a possible sale of the three-time English soccer champion.
Socceroos forward Harry Kewell, a former Liverpool and Leeds player, has signed with Australian A- League side Melbourne Victory.
Australia named an expanded provisional soccer World Cup squad to give coach Pim Verbeek more flexibility for his final selection because of injuries.
Australia drafted midfielder Mark Bresciano into its squad after a 19-month absence for next week's soccer World Cup qualifier against Saudi Arabia
Australia coach Holger Osieck recalled striker Scott McDonald in his first Socceroos squad since being appointed two weeks ago.


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Six Films About 50 Years Of The London Boroughs
London's Screen Archives digs out some gems.
London's Screen Archives digs out some gems.
Full of civic pride.
Digging local history and community events.
Option to add 50% to council tax unwielded.
A borough named after sheep?
What do you think of as London: boroughs, postcodes, the Tube?
Bexley is bonkers, Ealing is posh, and Lambeth is Britain's angriest ...
Yeah, we know...Sutton is a bit sparse.
Particularly good for proud residents of Bromley and Barnet.
London's boroughs are the wrong size. So we invented some new ones.
Can you tell your Hillingdon from your Harrow?
Posters and screenprints of the capital in words.
Hackney, Islington, Lambeth, Lewisham, Southwark and Tower Hamlets.
Residents of Camden, Greenwich, Hackney, Lambeth, Southwark, Tower ...
Continuing our tour of the capital's boroughs, guest blogger Juliet ...


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Completely rebuilt in 1991, this gracious 5 bedroom 3.5 bath 2-story colonial definitely has the WOW factor! The mahogany library, multiple fireplaces, screened in porch, maple floors and cathedral ceilings are just some of the many ... (read more)
This 3 bedroom 2 full bath Lakeland home offers a space for everyone -- from the fabulous finished lower level office, music room, and drybar to the outside deck, patio and firepit. A great entertaining spot, the kitchen features a ... (read more)
Located in Fremont Meadows, this Oot-built colonial sits on a spacious corner lot with a large, brick patio, making summer entertaining a breeze. The living room, formal dining room and hallway boast beautiful hardwood floors, while the ... (read more)
Great investment opportunity for University rental close to Syracuse University campus. Owner's hardship is your window into the University market. Subject to lender approval of shortsale. This 4-5 bedroom, 2 bath brick colonial is close ... (read more)
Located in the heart of the Syracuse University neighborhood, this 3 bedroom 1.5 bath colonial is a great find! With Westcott St shops and restaurants to distract you, be sure to take note of the natural wood work, arched doorways, ... (read more)
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION! Just minutes from Syracuse University, hospitals, downtown and popular Westcott St. eateries, this 4 bedroom, 2 full bath home shines from stem to stern. With a renovated kitchen brimming with counter space ... (read more)
Enjoy the feel of a park-like setting, right outside your door! This Georgian-style brick colonial is located in convenient Gifford Manor and offers 4 spacious bedrooms, 1.5 baths, hottub, and gameroom space in the basement. Featuring a ... (read more)
This 3 bedroom 1.5 bath colonial is perched atop a hill in the Syracuse University neighborhood on a double, fenced lot. Vintage charm meets modern conveniences with a renovated kitchen, Jacuzzi soaking tub, natural Craftsman-style ... (read more)
Located on a quiet corner lot, this spacious ranch offers two levels of living -- ideally suited for an in-law or teen suite. The kitchen is practically laid out; from gas cooktop to the plate, the center island, with seating for 6, makes ... (read more)
Looks can be deceiving, and this home certainly is! Featuring 1748 SF of living space, plus an additional 225 SF in the finished lower level, this cape offers 3 generous sized bedrooms, 2 full baths, family room, lower level gameroom, ... (read more)
Located just a few feet from lower South Bay on Oneida Lake this cape with in-law apartment would make a great investment or owner occupied home. There are deeded lake rights on both sides of the access roads. The main unit features 2 ... (read more)
This well-loved home has been a one-owner dwelling for 40 years, and now it's time to pass the reigns. Roof, siding, windows, doors, central air compressor, and driveway have all been updated in recent years. 3 bedrooms, 2 full baths, ... (read more)
Neat as a pin, this 3 bedroom ranch greets you with a bright, open layout and gleaming hardwood floors. Comfortable living room and intimate dining room have a great flow, with a pass through to the spacious kitchen. Ample cabinets and ... (read more)
Great investment opportunity or owner occupied. This 3 unit home is currently leased and generates an income of $1900 per month! Featuring two 3-bedroom units and one 2-bedroom unit, each with separate utilities. Spacious 3-car detached ... (read more)
Calling all investors! This 2-family northside rental property generates $1,250 per month. Featuring a 4 bedroom apartment downstairs and a 3 bedroom upstairs, this multi-family is close to everything and convenient to busline and ... (read more)
Build your dream home on this corner lot at 4863 Country Club drive. Public water and sewer are available. Lot is 121x174. Convenient location is close to Onondaga Community College, Bellevue Country Club, Onondaga Hill Park, and Upstate ... (read more)
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Long-term job losses still dwarf gains
|| Print |
|Ben Jacklet
|Tuesday, June 07, 2011
By Ben Jacklet
Earlier this year, Powell's Books made national headlines by eliminating 31 jobs in Portland, stirring up familiar questions about the future of independent booksellers in the age of e-readers and smart phones. But a quick study of the latest numbers from Oregon's top private companies shows that Powell's actually survived the recession in a stronger position than many of its peers.
|100 Best Green Workplaces in Oregon
|The Green Paradox
|Frothy Battle
|Eco Zoned
|Up in the Air
|Credit Unions Perspective
|Queen of Resilience
|Did airlines collude to keep fares high?
|Citigroup analyst thinks Puma should sell
|OSU researchers examine warm-water mass
|Appeals court rules against Apple
|Microsoft to cut division, 1,200 jobs
|Apple suppliers introduce 'Force Touch' to new iPhone
|Uncertainty abound in Greece
Tonkon Torp helps seed sustainability at Gunderson.
Oregon-based Environments helps companies create inspired workspaces. "Simply put, we help companies future-proof their workspaces," says Chris Corrado, president. Since 1988,Environments has witnessed firsthand the changing landscape of business. Native Portlander and Environments founder Corrado says, "We help our clients navigate the complex realities of the workplace today and plan for their future in a very mindful, strategic way. We think of ourselves as their partners in the process."
One hundred years ago, the Willamette River might easily have been mistaken for a sewer. Unchecked industrial activity and decades of pollution made it unrecognizable compared to the clean river that now flows north for 187 miles from Eugene through the center of Portland.
3 Degrees Event Celebrates 5th Year Bringing Nonprofit and Business Professionals Together to Benefit Portland.
Bend energy leader brings passion for efficiency and renewable energy to the nonprofit.
Event in Forest Grove marks recognition of Global Food Safety Initiative Certification.


text:
One of my favorite parts of being a part of Maker Faire is sharing all our amazing Makers with teachers who come from all around the Bay Area—really from all over the world!—and then hearing from the teachers why this is such a special part of their year. We're delighted to welcome teachers to... Read more »
Step back in time with me, and behold the program guide to the first-ever Maker Faire. I was there, way back in the year 2006, demonstrating clay animation with my museum colleagues. I cherished this guide, but it went missing a few years ago. I'm so glad to have found a digital version... Read more »
Note: Today's post is largely written by science teacher and Nimoy superfan Mandy Kirk, with some additional notes from me, Michelle Hlubinka. Sometimes it's hard to distinguish reality and fiction. This is especially true when a character is so deeply beloved as Mr. Spock from the original Star Trek television series, as... Read more »
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab—along with USAID's Global Development Lab, The Lemelson Foundation, The Schmidt Family Foundation, Dalberg Global Development Advisors, The Good Company and OMG—has put together a list of challenges primed for Makers to solve. They call these "Top 50 Game-Changing Technologies for Defeating Global Poverty." These are summarized... Read more »
Construct a whole village of recycled cardboard gingerbread houses for kids to decorate with paper, stickers, holiday candy, perhaps even leftover Halloween candy! Read more »
Where to find Makers! Maps of the makers and making activities out there, useful whether you're going to a new place or looking for your tribe right in your own backyard Read more »
The Exploratorium Tinkering Studio invites all of you to join a Hangout this Friday, November 21st from 9am to 10:30am (Pacific time) to talk about one of their true specialties—Automata!—with some of their favorite masters of this art/technology. plus.google.com/events/cfbmcijvp0a72ba6080c0s58s7o Joining the Tinkering Studio team will be a star-studded group: artist Keith Newstead (whose... Read more »


text:
Elementary Schools in Glendale Heights
G Stanley Hall Elementary School
Public • Grades PK-5
392 students • 16 student/teacher
Reskin Elementary School
Public • Grades PK-5
524 students • 16 student/teacher
Americana Intermediate School
Public • Grades 4-5
447 students • 15 student/teacher
Black Hawk Elementary School
Public • Grades PK-5
507 students • 16 student/teacher
St Matthew School
Private • Grades PK-8
358 students • 18 student/teacher
Pheasant Ridge Primary School
Public • Grades PK-3
423 students • Unknown student/teacher
Which schools are assigned to my home?
About Glendale Heights
Glendale Heights contains 8 schools. One of the best schools is G Stanley Hall Elementary School, which is rated 5. The school has 392 students. Public schools in Glendale Heights are part of Marquardt School District 15 or Queen Bee School District 16. Glenbard Twp Hsd 87 School District is nearby and scores higher than Marquardt School District 15. Nearby Glen Ellyn School District 41 scores higher, with a rating of 9.
School Districts Near Glendale Heights
- Queen Bee School District 16
- Marquardt School District 15
- Glenbard Twp Hsd 87 School District
- Glen Ellyn School District 41
- Technology Center of Dupage
Disclaimer: School attendance zone boundaries are supplied by Maponics and are subject to change. Check with the applicable school district prior to making a decision based on these boundaries.


text:
- Hurricane Awareness Week Information from CPHC
- Red Cross Hurricane Safety Information
- FEMA Hurricane Preparedness
- Hawaii State Civil Defense Preparedness Kit
- Hurricane Evacuation Shelters *.pdf format
- University of Hawaii Sea Grant College's Hurrican Preparedness Guide *.pdf format
- Actions to take when a Hurricane Nears Hawaii
- NWS Hurricane Awareness
- NOAA Hurricane Awareness
- NWS Tropical Cyclone Pamplet *.pdf format
Hurricane Information
- Tropical Cyclone Educational Guide
- Tropical Cyclone Names
- NOAA's Aircraft Operations Center
- Hurricane Hunters
Hurricane Presentations
Tracking Charts
Click to download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader
|A Hurricane Preparedness Tip from CPHC:
When a hurricane threatens, monitor your radio or television for the latest National Weather Service advisories, as well as any special instructions from Civil Defense.
Hurricanes can cause power failures and cut off, or contaminate water supplies. Store a 7 day supply of water you can use for drinking, cooking, and bathing. Check battery powered equipment such as radios and flashlights.
Keep 7 days worth of non-perishable foods on hand and 2 weeks worth of special medication. Remember, stores and pharmacies may not be open during an emergency, when you need supplies.


text:
Obviously, the 4th of July is the weekend for everybody to get loose and party. Apparently, Flavor Flav was trying to set the bar ...Read More
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Believe it or not, but there's a host of hip-hop heads still in the game who are 50 years old and some even older. ...Read More
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Ever seen a rapper so sweaty, it makes you hot? Well here's a gallery of heavily perspiring performers, check out "Not Just Groupies, Rappers ...Read More
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It seems a story surfaces nearly every day in hip-hop that pertains to a child support case. From DMX owing $1 million to Juvenile ...Read More
Flavor Flav Sentenced To One Year Of Probation
Flavor Flav has admitted to chasing his girlfriend's son with a kitchen knife during an argument at Flav's Las Vegas home ...Read More
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- 29 Rappers Celebrate Their Mothers On Instagram
- Best Hip-Hop Instagrams of the Day


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The stock is up by more than 130 percent over the last 5 years
What you need to know about your future benefits
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text:
The admission control algorithm implements measurement-based connection admission control using effective envelopes of an arriving traffic aggregate and the service curves of the corresponding departing traffic aggregate. The approach provides the statistical service guarantees to a variety of service classes. According to the admission control algorithm, arriving traffic is admitted if the sum of the effective envelopes of the arriving traffic entering a network and admitted traffic currently in the network is less than or equal to the service curve.
1. A method of performing admission control for traffic flows that encompass two or more service classes in a network, comprising:
determining for each service class a first effective envelope associated with arriving traffic entering said network, where the first effective envelope is a function over a time interval that defines an upper bound on aggregate arriving traffic from a given service class;
determining for each service class a second effective envelope associated with admitted traffic currently in said network, where the second effective envelope is a function over a time interval that defines an upper bound on admitted traffic from a given service class;
determining for each service class a service curve by measuring departing traffic leaving said network;
testing an admission control condition for each of the service classes, where the admission control condition is satisfied when the sum of the first and second effective envelopes for a given service class is less than or equal to the service curve for the given service class; and
admitting said arriving traffic when the admission control condition is satisfied for each of the service classes.
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The present invention relates generally to network-based communication architecture. More particularly, the invention relates to providing controlled quality of service in packet-based networks through admission control.
Currently much of the Internet is designed to provide "best effort" service. The Internet Protocol (IP) is designed to deliver packets of information to an ultimate destination through any available internal links that enable delivery. The actual time it takes to deliver these packets depends on the route taken and the traffic congestion encountered en route. The original design of the Internet Protocol focused on providing ultimate delivery, with the actual time to achieve delivery being only a secondary consideration.
As the uses for the Internet have grown, and as Internet traffic has expanded geometrically, the original emphasis on delivery over timing is being challenged. With multicast applications and streaming audio and video applications growing in popularity, packet delivery time has become a central focus. Quality of Service (QoS) is a term often used to describe the degree to which a communications network provides reliability, availability, and timely throughput. Quality of service addresses issues such as transmission speed, timeliness of packet delivery, amount of jitter a network introduces into packet streams, and the probability of outright packet loss. As businesses begin to rely more and more on their Internet presence, some have expressed willingness to pay more for higher quality of service because the higher quality of service translates directly into a smoother, more responsive experience for their customers. Some Internet Service Providers thus offer different service level agreements through which they commit to provide different levels of service quality at different fee rates.
There are many proposals for improving quality of service in packet-switched networks such as the Internet. Quality of service may be improved at the individual router level by making the routers faster and more intelligent. However, this also increases system cost. Other proposals address the quality of service issue at the network model level. At the network model level, the performance of individual routers are largely ignored; focus instead shifts to the aggregate performance of all routers in the network. One popular approach is to consider the aggregate network only in terms of its outer boundary or end-to-end performance. Using such an analytical approach, the performance of the entire network, and the quality of service it provides, can be largely controlled by the behavior of the routers occupying the edge of the network (that is, the routers at the ingress and egress points).
There are several end-to-end network models for controlling quality of service (QoS) in popular use today. Among the leading models are Integrated Services (IntServ), Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), and Differentiated Services (DiffServ). IntServ supports a per flow quality of service guarantee. It employs a relatively complex architecture in which resources are reserved by means of a signaling protocol that sets up paths and reserves resources. MPLS provides another quality of service guarantee approach that focuses on packet forwarding. Packets are assigned labels at the ingress of an MPLS-compatible domain. Subsequent classification, forwarding, and services for the packets are then based on those labels.
Models such as IntServ and MPLS address QoS on a per connection basis and can present scalability difficulties. To provide better scalability, other models have been proposed that address QoS on a traffic aggregate basis. DiffServ is one example of such a model. DiffServ provides quality of service guarantees to packet aggregates by marking packets differently to create different packet classes/aggregates that are entitled to different quality of service handling.
For the most part, aggregate traffic-based network models share a number of common concepts. They begin from a premise that the network can be characterized as having edge and core routers. The edge routers accept customer traffic (i.e., packets from any source outside the network). The core routers provide transit packet forwarding services among other core routers and/or edge routers. The edge routers control ingress of traffic and thus perform an important admission control function, by permitting or declining requests by outside traffic to enter the network. With the ultimate traffic flow being controlled by the edge routers through admission control, the core routers simply need to differentiate traffic insofar as necessary to cope with transient congestion within the network itself. The network models may employ statistical multiplexing to maximize utilization of the core router resources.
Predicting and controlling traffic flow through a network at an aggregate level is a very complex problem. Admission control algorithms that overly restrict ingress waste internal core router resources. On the other hand, admission control algorithms that are too lax can flood the network with too much traffic, resulting in severe drops in quality of service. Numerous admission control algorithms have been proposed and while some have been quite ingenious, there remains a great deal of room for improvement.
For example, Centinkaya and Knightly, in an article entitled "Egress Admission Control," IEEE Info. Comm. 2000, describe a framework for scalable quality of service provisioning in which admission control decisions are made at the egress routers based solely on aggregate measurements obtained at the egress router. They introduce a measurement-based service envelope as a way to adaptively describe the end-to-end service received by a traffic class.
For a more complete understanding of the invention, its objects and advantages, refer to the following description and to the accompanying drawings.
A measurement-based admission control algorithm is based on the global effective envelopes of an arriving traffic aggregate and upon the service curves of the corresponding departing traffic aggregate. Such an admission control algorithm is well adapted to a variety of different network models. Although the algorithm will be principally described in the context of a multi-router network, the concepts employed are equally applicable to autonomous network systems and even switching devices. In a switching device, for example, the switch hardware/software provides for several input ports and output ports. The present invention may be used to control traffic flow among these input and output ports. Therefore, this algorithm is applicable to "networks" of different architectural granularities, ranging from single-device switches to large, multiple-device computer network domains.
Referring to
For purposes of illustration, arriving aggregate traffic 22 comes from a second network 24 via edge router 28. For purposes of illustration, it will be assumed that a traffic conditioner or regulator function 28 limits the flow of arriving aggregate traffic 22 to within predefined bounds. The traffic conditioner 28 may be located within the second network 24 (such as in edge router 26). The traffic conditioner or regulator 28 may be implemented at the ingress node 18 to force arriving traffic to comply with the traffic specification submitted by the sender. The traffic conditioner or regulator 28 may be modeled as a leaky bucket that provides a simple metering function. Alternatively, the traffic conditioner 28 may provide more sophisticated traffic shaping functions where the temporal characteristics of a traffic class are selectively modified by delaying local packet forwarding. For purposes of illustration, departing aggregate traffic 30 exits edge router 14 and enters network 32.
Network 10 implements an admission control function 34 to determine which of the packets of arriving aggregate traffic 22 are admitted to the network 10 and which are blocked. The admission control function 34 may be localized in a single router, such as edge router 12. Alternatively, the admission control function can be distributed across the network, with the function being performed by multiple routers within the network 10. The admission control function 34 implements an admission control algorithm that is based upon a global effective envelope 36 of the arriving aggregate traffic 22 and upon service curves 38 of the departing aggregate traffic 30.
Associated with arriving traffic 22 is a deterministic envelope 42. The deterministic envelope may be characterized in terms of three variables: peak traffic rate, average traffic rate, and burst size parameter. The arriving traffic 22 also is assumed to have an associated quality of service requirement 44. Typically each class of service would have its own quality of service requirement. Thus multiple QoS requirements are illustrated at 44 in
The admitted traffic 46 may be differentiated from the arriving traffic 22, in that the admitted traffic 46 has already passed the admission control point and is thus currently flowing in network 10. When the admitted traffic 46 leaves network 10, it is called departing traffic 30. The departing traffic 30 has associated with it a service curve or service envelope 48 that is measured by monitoring each packet's arrival time and departure time.
One variation of the admission control algorithm uses the associated deterministic envelope 42 of the arriving traffic 22 and the associated service envelope 48 of the departing traffic 30 in making a decision whether to admit or deny arriving traffic 22.
Referring to
Next, at step 64, the algorithm constructs a global effective envelope for the arriving traffic, based on the submitted parameters 62. In the mathematical derivation that follows, the global effective envelope for arriving traffic is characterized as Gnew. The Gnew envelope is depicted in
The algorithm continues at step 68, where a global effective envelope for the admitted traffic is constructed based on measured statistics. Specifically, the measured statistics, listed at 70, include the average and the variance of the amount of arriving aggregate traffic. In the detailed mathematical derivation which follows, the global effective envelope for admitted traffic is designated as GN
The final admission control decision, step 74, is made based on an analysis of both global effective envelopes 66 and 72, along with the service curve 40 calculated using equation 4.5 and the algorithm shown in Table 1 below. Specifically, the admission control decision will admit incoming traffic if:
A detailed description of the preferred algorithm will now be provided below. For purposes of illustration, a Differentiated Service (DS) or Diffserv architecture will be assumed. The invention is not limited to the DS architecture inasmuch as the admission control algorithm of the invention may be used with a variety of network architectures.
In order to provide Quality of Service (QoS), the Integrated Services (IS) architecture uses a signaling protocol to set up resource reservations at all routers along the path. Since this approach requires that all routers have to keep per-flow state and process the per-flow resource reservations, this approach has known scalability problems. Differentiated Service (DS) is another approach to provide QoS, but without the restriction on scalability. Routers need only implement scheduling and buffering mechanisms and apply them based on the DS Code Point (DSCP) presented in the header of arriving packets. The end-to-end QoS service across several domains is built by combining the per domain behaviors (PDBs) of individual DS domains. PDBs, an active area of research, are constructed by an appropriate deployment of per-hop forwarding behaviors (PHBs). Several DS domains can exist within a single autonomous system (AS). DS addresses scalability by providing QoS guarantees on an aggregate traffic level.
As discussed above, one of the critical requirements for service provisoining across a DS domain is the presence of an effective Connection Admission Control (CAC). Such admission control can be utilized while establishing dynamic service level agreements (SLAs) for premium service across DS network, or consulted upon re-negotiations of static SLAs. A Bandwidth Broker (BB) entity of a DS domain is a typical place for such admission control. The difficulty involved in designing an effective CAC is that many solutions lead toward topology-dependent implementations, thus limiting their scope and increasing their complexity.
To implement admission control for DS without scalability problems, several researchers have proposed various forms of Endpoint CAC. In this design, the endpoints of a DS domain (ingress/egress routers) perform admission control and resource management. The routers measure traffic in the network to detect the level of available resources and admit a new connection if, and only if, the detected level of resource is sufficiently high.
The preferred embodiment provides a measurement-based CAC algorithm, which provides statistical QoS guarantees on a traffic aggregate level in a DS domain. The ingress traffic arriving at the boundary of a DS domain is assumed to be conditioned by the upstream domains, policed by our domain to adhere to the rules of an established SLA, and further marked with the appropriate DSCP. Leaky-bucket based policers, shapers and markers are widely proposed. As the DS architecture extends some PDB for a traffic aggregate, we call this traffic aggregate a class in a subsequent discussion (different from DS class). We target the PDBs, which offer delay guarantees to a classified traffic aggregate given both delay and delay violation probability. We describe the deterministic envelopes, i.e., arriving traffic envelopes and service envelopes, and the bound on performance characteristics that can be obtained from those envelopes. We then derive a measurement-based CAC to establish dynamic SLA and provide statistical guarantees for a variety of service classes by exploiting the statistical traffic envelopes, called global effective envelopes and service curves. To obtain these envelopes, we use the measurement approach. The measurement of the service curves allows our admission control condition to work without the knowledge of the topology of the DS domain and cross traffic in the domain.
Let us consider a traffic arriving to a network domain. The traffic enters the domain at an ingress node 18 and destines to an egress node 20 (see
The arriving traffic from the flow j of the class q in an interval (t1,t2) is denoted as Aj q(t1,t2). We assume that traffic arrival from each flow j is regulated by a traffic conditioner and upper bounded by a deterministic subadditive envelope Aj q* (τ) as follows:
The arriving traffic is characterized by the deterministic envelope with a set of parameters. The most commonly used traffic regulators are leaky buckets with a peak rate enforcer. The traffic on flow j is characterized then by three parameters (Pj, σj, ρj) with a deterministic envelope given by
As a generalization of the peak-rate enforced leaky bucket, the traffic on flow j may be characterized by a set of parameters {σjk q, ρjk q}k=1, . . . , k
It is also noted that flows from the same service class can be characterized by different deterministic envelopes, but still have the same QoS requirements.
We use Aj qout (t1,t2) to denote the traffic from flow j of the class q leaving the domain at the egress node in an interval (t1,t2). We then define the aggregate traffic of class q as follows: the aggregate of arriving traffic
In the following, we will focus our discussion on the aggregate traffic of a single service class and drop the index 'q'. We will introduce the definition of a service curve and its application. We assume that there is no traffic in the domain at time t=0. Therefore, for an aggregate traffic, the amount of backlogged traffic in the domain at any time t, B(t), is given by
Let S(•) be a non-decreasing function, with S(0)=0. We say that the domain guarantees the service curve S(•) for the aggregate traffic if for any time t, there exists s≦t such that B(s)=0 and AN out(s,t)≧S(t−s).
It can be seen that S(t−s) specifies the lower bound of the amount of the aggregate traffic needed to be served and depart from the domain during some interval (s,t), where the domain is empty at time s.
From the definition of service curve, the upper bound of delay can be obtained as follows. Consider a busy period of length β. Let s denote the starting time of the busy period, that is, B(s)=0 and AN(0,s)=AN out(0,s). We assume that the domain guarantees the service curve S(•), that is AN out(s,t)≧S(t−s), where s≦t+d≦β. From the definition of service curve, we have AN out(s,t+d)=AN out(0,t+d)−AN(0,s)≧S(t+d−s). From Eqn. (2.6), thus, AN(0,t)≧AN out(0,t+d)≧AN(0,s)+S(t+d−s). Hence, from Eqn. (2.4).
Defining τ=t−s, it follows that, for all time t≧0, the delay defined in Eqn. (2.6) is upper bounded as follows:
The preferred admission control algorithm exploits the deterministic envelopes and the service envelopes to obtain the upper bound of the delay experienced by an arriving traffic based on the worst-case scenario where it is assumed that all flows send traffic with their peak rate simultaneously.
In the next section, following the concept of the described envelopes, we will derive a statistical service where a small portion of traffic is allowed to violate the delay QoS requirements. We will use so called global effective envelopes to characterize arriving aggregate traffic for each class. Using these envelopes allows us to derive a CAC for statistical services which can be created in the same fashion as for deterministic services.
Probabilistic Guarantees with Effective Envelopes and Service Curves
In this section, we derive the probability of delay violation based on the upper bound of the delay shown in the previous section. We then obtain an admission control condition for a single service class by applying the definition of local and global effective envelopes presented in R. Boorstyn, A. Burchard, J. Liebeherr, and C. Oottamakom, Effective envelopes: Statistical bounds on multiplexed traffic in packet networks, Proceedings of IEEE Info. Comm. 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000 (hereinafter "Boorstyn, et al."). We finally discuss the admission control conditions for multiple service classes.
Probabilistic Guarantees with Local Effective Envelopes and Service Curves
Again we will first consider a single service class, allowing us to drop the index 'q'. An aggregate of arriving traffic from the same service class AN(t1,t2) has the same probability of delay violation, ε, and delay bound requirement, d. AN(t1,t2) are upper bounded by a family of nonnegative random processes AN(t1,t2), which have the following properties: (1) Stationarity: the statistical properties of AN(t1,t2) do not change with time, and (2) Independence: The AN(t1,t2) are stochastically independent among all service classes.
Let DN(τ) denote the ingress-to-egress delay experienced by a bit of an aggregate traffic of the N flows arriving at the domain at time τ. We assume that DN(τ) is a random variable. For a given delay bound d, the domain guarantees that the ingress-to-egress delay of any arriving bit will not exceed the delay bound d; that is, for all time t≧0,0≦τ≦Bmax, from Eqn. (2.8), DN(τ)=min{z:z≧0 and AN(t,t+τ)≦S(τ+z)}≦d or, for all time t≧0,0≦τ≦Bmax, AN(t,t+τ)≦S(τ+d). The delay violation occurs if ∃DN(τ) such that
With Eqn. (2.8), the probability that the arriving traffic experiences a delay violation is required to be bounded by ε and we have, for all time t≧0,0≦τ≦Bmax,
A local effective envelope for AN(t,t+τ) is a function LN that satisfies for all τ≧0 and all t
Given a set of flows that is partitioned into M classes, each class contains Nm flows with aggregate arrivals AN
Using the definition of the local effective envelope and the lemma, from Eqn. (1) we have that the arriving traffic has a delay violation with probability <ε if
If, for the same service class, the set of new flows are regulated by different deterministic envelopes Aj*, each set of flows sharing the same Aj* have a different envelope Lnew j(•;εj), where
The CAC in Eqn. (2) does not depend on the topology of the domain and the scheduling algorithms within the domain, but the measurement-based traffic-characterized envelopes, which can be measured at an ingress and an egress node in a DS domain.
Local Effective Envelope using Measured Moment
We consider a set of admitted flows, N. We characterize the distribution of the aggregate traffic using the Central Limit theorem, which does not require knowledge of the underlying distributions of each flow. An approximate local effective envelope of the aggregate traffic can be obtained from the Central Limit Theorem as follows [1]. From the definition of the local effective envelope, we set Pτ[AN(t,t+τ)≧x]=ε/2 and we obtain,
Since the number of new flows may be few, the Central Limit theorem may not be the appropriate choice for constructing their local effective envelope, i.e., the bound obtained may not be tight enough. Instead, we will use the Chemoff bound, which provides a more rigorous bound on the aggregate traffic. The local effective envelope of a set of new flows, K, can then be obtained by using the Chemoff bound, and is given as follow:
Recall the Chemoff bound for a random variable Y:
In Boorstyn, et al., MK(s,τ) is derived and given in terms of the deterministic envelopes of the flows, which are the leaky bucket function in our case. s is chosen so that Eqn. (6) is minimal. These values of s and MK(s,τ) yield
The admission control condition in Eqn. (2) does not guarantee that QoS requirements of other service classes using the same ingress-to-egress path will be satisfied if a new set of flows is admitted into the domain. To be able to provide that guarantee, without loss of generality, we assume that the new flows have the highest priority, and we test the admission control condition for each of the service classes. This can be shown as follows. For each service class we obtain an arriving aggregate traffic envelope LN
In this section we show our CAC, which depends on the measurement-based envelopes (LN(•;ε) and S(•)). In the next section we show how to obtain these envelopes.
Probabilistic Guarantees with Global Effective Envelopes and Service Curves
In this section, we derive the probability of delay violation based on the upper bound of the delay shown in the previous section. We then obtain an admission control condition for a single service class by applying the definition of global effective envelope presented in Boorstyn, et al. We finally discuss the admission control conditions for multiple service classes.
Again we will first consider a single service class and drop the index 'q'. An aggregate of arriving traffic from the same service class in the interval (t1,t2), AN(t1,t2), has the same QoS requirements: probability of delay violation ε and delay bound requirement d. AN(t1,t2) is characterized by a family of nonnegative random processes, which have the following properties: (1) Stationarity: the statistical properties of AN(t1,t2) do not change with time, and (2) Independence: The AN(t1,t2) are stochastically independent among all service classes. Consider an interval of length of the maximum busy period β. Let DN(t) again denote the ingress-to-egress delay experienced by a bit of an aggregate traffic of the N flows arriving at the domain at time t during the busy period. We assume that DN(t) is a random variable.
For a given delay bound d, the domain guarantees that the ingress-to-egress delay of any arriving bit will not exceed the delay bound d; that is, from Eqn. (2.8), for all τ, 0≦τ≦β,
Suppose a set of new flows requests the same service guarantees from a DS domain. The CAC uses the admission control test to ensure that the requested service guarantees and other flows from all service classes can be simultaneously satisfied. From Eqn. (3.4) we can obtain the admission control condition for a single service class by using the definition of global effective envelope as follows:
Definition of Global Effective Envelope
A global effective envelope for an interval of length β is a subadditive function GN(τ;β,ε) that satisfies:
A set of flows is partitioned into M classes, and each class contains Nm flows with aggregate arrivals AN
Using the definition of the global effective envelope and the lemma, from Eqn. (3.4) we have that the arriving traffic has a delay violation with probability <ε if
If, for the same service class, the set of new flows are regulated by different deterministic envelopes Aj*, each set of flows sharing the same Aj* require a different envelope Gnew j(•;β,εj), where
The CAC in Eqn. (3.5) does not depend on the topology of the domain and the scheduling algorithms within the domain, but the measurement-based traffic-characterized envelopes, which can be measured at an ingress and an egress node in a DS domain.
Constructing the Global Effective Envelope
We consider a set of admitted flows, N. We characterize the distribution of the aggregate traffic using the Central Limit theorem, which does not require the knowledge of the underlying distributions of each flow. An approximate global effective envelope GN(τ;β,ε) of the aggregate traffic can be obtained from the Central Limit Theorem as follows. From the definition of the global effective envelope, we set Pτ[EN(τ;β)≧x, ∀0≦τ≦β]≈ε. For given τ0,βwe then have, for every integer k,
From Eqn. (3.4) it can be seen that there are several possible global effective envelopes. For given τ0,β, the method recursively calculates the ki, αi, and τi for 1≦i≦n, where τn is the first point which is greater than β. We can therefore obtain n points of a global effective envelope as follows:
For a set of new flows, one can obtain the global effective envelope of the new flows Gnew by using the same recursive method as follows. However, instead of using the measurement-based {overscore (X(τ))} and σ2(τ) in Eqs. (3.8) and (3.11), {overscore (X(τ))}=KρKτ and σ2(τ)=KρKτ(AK*(τ)−ρKτ), where ρK is the long-term average and AK*(τ) is a deterministic envelope for each new flow.
Admission Control Condition for Multiple Service Classes
The admission control condition in Eqn. (3.2) does not guarantee that QoS requirements of other service classes using the same ingress-to-egress path will be satisfied if a new set of flows is admitted into the domain. To be able to provide their guarantees, without loss of generality, we assume that the new flows have the highest priority and we test the admission control condition for all the service classes. This can be shown as follows. For each service class we obtain an arriving aggregate traffic envelope GN
In this section we show how to measure the characteristic parameters for constructing the global effective envelopes of the arriving aggregate traffic and the service envelope of the departing aggregate traffic for a single service class. First we measure the average and variance of the amount of arriving aggregate traffic, which are used in Eqn. (3.3). We then measure the service envelope of a single service class traffic. At the end of this section we show the admission control algorithm that we will use in the evaluation example below.
Measurement of Aggregate Arriving Envelopes
We are interested in the aggregate characteristic of an arriving traffic at ingress node. To characterize the aggregate traffic as a Gaussian process, we need to measure the first and second moment of the amount of traffic arriving at the ingress node. Let AN(t1,t2) denote the arriving traffic from an aggregate flow in the interval (t1,t2). Consider time to be slotted with equal length τ: i.e., for MPEG sources, we can think of τ as the frame time. We also divide time into M large intervals whose length is T (see
Thus for every T time slot, the bounded envelope Xk m is obtained. From these envelopes we can obtain the average {overscore (Xk)} and the variance σk 2 of the measured envelopes as follows:
τ, T, and M are the key parameters for the measurement. An improper choice of τ, T, and M may lead to inaccurately characterizing the arriving aggregate traffic and consequently overestimating the bandwidth required by connections. We varied these parameters in our approach and found that our approach is not very sensitive to such changes. Further discussion of how to choose the parameters can be found in C. Cetinkaya and E. Knightly, Egress Admission Control, In Proceedings of IEEE Info. Comm. 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000; and D. Tse and M. Grossglauser, Measurement-Based Call Admission Control: Analysis and Simulation, In Proceedings of IEEE Info. Comm. 1997, Kobe, Japan, April 1997.
We provide an example of an arrival envelope from a simulation experiment in
Measurement of Aggregate Service Envelopes
Consider traffic arriving at a DS domain at an ingress node and leaving at an egress node. For measuring service envelopes, we assume that the clocks in the domain are synchronized. We consider a packet system where packets are serviced at discrete times rather than continuous times. Each packet arriving at the ingress node will be time-stamped. Hence, at the egress node, we are able to determine the ingress-to-egress delay of each packet. Let aj denote the arriving time and dj denote the departure time of the jth packet. We consider this traffic to be backlogged whenever at least one packet remains in the system. The backlogging condition can be checked by comparing the arriving and the departure times of packets. Traffic is continuously backlogged for k packets in the interval [aj,dj+k−1] if
Next, let ServEnv be a list containing (x,Sj k(x)) pairs which represent the amount of time Sj k(x) required to service x bits when considering the packet j with k backlogged packets. Again consider an interval of length T, which contains the total number of arriving packets n. For packet j, we consider the delay of the packet and also the delay of the packets backlogged after this packet. We thus can define Sj k(x) as follows:
Admission Control Algorithm using Local Effective Envelopes
I. To request the QoS for its traffic from a DS domain, the user submits to a BB its traffic characterization containing Aj*(τ), QoS requirements, d and ε.
II. CAC constructs a local effective envelope, Lnew, based on the submitted parameters by using Eqs. (7) and (8).
III. CAC then uses the measurement of the average and variance of arriving traffic to construct local effective envelopes for admitted flows, LN
IV. CAC finally makes an admission control decision based on Lnew, LN
Admission Control Algorithm using Global Effective Envelope
I. To request the QoS for its traffic from a DS domain, the user submits to a BB its traffic characterization containing Aj*(τ), QoS requirements, d and ε.
II. CAC constructs a global effective envelope, Gnew, based on the submitted parameters by using Eqs. (3.8)–(3.11).
III. CAC then uses the measurement of the average and variance of arriving traffic (obtained from Eqs. (4.2) and (4.3) respectively) to construct global effective envelopes for admitted flows, GN
IV. CAC finally makes an admission control decision based on Gnew, GN
Evaluation and Simulation Results
In this section, we evaluate the effectiveness of our CAC condition. We consider a case where all flows are homogeneous, i.e., all flows satisfy the same deterministic envelope and require the same delay QoS guarantee from a DS domain. Starship is again used as a traffic source. For simulations, we set the probability of delay violation ε=10−6 and vary the delay bound requirement d. We consider a DS domain, which has an egress node with a link capacity of 622 Mbps (C=622 Mbps for all simulations). All links in the domain have the same capacity as the egress link. Each node has a FIFO scheduler. We consider three scenarios where the number of nodes and amount of cross traffic in the domain are changed as follows:
I. The DS domain consists of a node without any cross traffic (see
II. The DS domain consists of two nodes without any cross traffic (see
III. The DS domain consists of three nodes with some cross traffic (see
Note that in configuration III, we use 40 flows of Starship as cross traffic requesting the same QoS requirements as the main traffic.
We will evaluate our approach ('Approach') by using the CAC algorithm described above. As benchmarks for our approach, we also investigate two of the following approaches and a set of simulations ('Simulation'). First, we consider average rate allocation ('Average Rate'), where the maximum number of admissible flows is determined by the link capacity divided by the long-term average rate of each flow and, therefore, the average link utilization for this approach is unity. Second, we consider the peak rate allocation ('Peak Rate'), where the maximum number of admissible flows is determined by the link capacity divided by the peak rate of each flow. For simulation purposes, each flow starts randomly sending traffic into the DS domain. Many simulations are performed. The average result of the simulation is presented. We compare the average link utilization, Uave, obtained from each approach. Uave is defined as follows:
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the measurement-based admission control algorithm exploits global effective envelopes and service envelopes to accurately characterize arriving and departing aggregate traffic. The CAC algorithm is tunable through a set of parameters. The algorithm is scalable and can support a variety of service classes. We showed the effectiveness of the CAC algorithm by comparing the link utilization obtained by the algorithm to results from simulations. While the invention has been described in its presently preferred form, it will be understood that the principles of the invention may be applied to many applications and that implementation details of the algorithm can be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
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The Most Unforgettable ESSENCE Fest Eye Candy Moments view
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20 Times Common Was So Sexy We Almost Couldn't Take It view
Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson inspires us all as she continues to cope with her...
Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson inspires us all as she continues to cope with her loss and blossom into motherhood. Thank goodness she has her fiancé, Harvard Law hottie David Otunga, by her side for encouragement and support. Could they finally jump the broom this fall?
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This project focuses on the metamorphosis of an image, that of the modern, everyday drugstore, into a new, friendlier and warmer environment.
Posts Tagged 'pharmacy'
Farmacia Concept Store by Omid Ghannadi, Bucharest – RomaniaMay 11th, 2015
PHARMACIES! Pharmacy Sint-Lievens-Houtem by Pinkeye, BelgiumMay 8th, 2015
PHARMACIES! Ladopoulos Antonios pharmacy by Lefteris Tsikandilakis, Athens – GreeceMay 7th, 2015
PHARMACIES! Pharmacy Marienthal by Atelier st, Zwickau – GermanyMay 6th, 2015
PHARMACIES! Zubia pharmacy by MOBIL M, Bilbao – SpainMay 6th, 2015
Fleur De Vie Pharmacy by Sartoretto Verna, Esch-sur-Alzette – LuxembourgMay 5th, 2015
S´ana Pharmacy by Marketing Jazz, Madrid – SpainApril 21st, 2015
Pharmacy by Lefteris Tsikandilakis, Athens – GreeceApril 9th, 2015
NutriCentre by The Yard Creative, London – UKJanuary 28th, 2015
Careland pharmacy by Sergio Mannino Studio, New York CityDecember 8th, 2014
The entire project is an example of contemporary design, yet at the same time, it is full of traditional references related to Health care. A dark shade of green is typically the color associated with pharmacies, so we pushed the color to an extreme before it became something else, before it became so distant from what is commonly perceived as a pharmacy color that people didn't recognize it anymore.
Garrós Pharmacy by MARKETING-JAZZ, Lérida – SpainNovember 12th, 2014
Pharmacy by Innovo Constructions, Kiato – GreeceSeptember 3rd, 2014
Whites Dispensary by Studio Equator, Melbourne – AustraliaAugust 26th, 2014
Rosenwind Pharmacy by UniversalProjekt, Seewalchen – AustriaAugust 23rd, 2014
The pharmacy is segmented into different areas based on the products being sold, the desired shopping experience and the brand positioning. The purpose of the categorization of areas was to facilitate the identification of products, thus making it easier for the customer to shop independently if desired.
Boticana pharmacy by Marketing-Jazz, Jaén – SpainApril 15th, 2014
Pharmacy by Tsoumanis Pharmacy Design, Greece – AgrinioApril 14th, 2014
Pharmacy Museum by Site Specific Arquitectura, Porto – PortugalFebruary 13th, 2014
Pharmacy by Zouridakis Architects, Gazi – Crete, GreeceNovember 13th, 2013
The materials mostly used are reclaimed wood surfaces painted with ecological water based lacquer, the wall paint is also ECO certified, the illumination is low consumption t5 and led bulbs, part of the energy consumption is provided by solar panels on the roof and finally there is a small water filtering device so the grey water can irrigate the surrounding garden.
Pharmacy by Farmatechnika, Athens – GreeceAugust 28th, 2013
PALAU pharmacy by MARKETING-JAZZ, Barcelona – SpainAugust 1st, 2013
Nostalgia for authenticity, for the past that is all around us – this holds true for the foreign tourist more than anyone. The logo is inspired by the family's ancient crests and by the aged wood panels that share the space with the yellow LED lighting, by the copper strongboxes with their centuries-old coats of arms. An old iron cabinet serves as the backdrop for creating window displays.


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Do-it-Yourself YouTube Uses Open Source Project Panda and Amazon EC2Sep 22, 2008
Open source project Panda provides Software to create your own do-it-yourself video platforms -- provided you also pay for the Amazon Web Services.more »
TECH TOOLSSep 17, 2008
Professional users are always searching for an edge. Whether you work with Linux as a webmaster, programmer, system administrator, or security consultant, you know the best solution depends on finding the right tool for the job. We thought you might be interested in the following new products and updates.more »
Red Hat buys virtualizer QumranetSep 04, 2008
U.S. Linux distributor Red Hat has bought the virtual computing solutions vendor Qumranet.more »
BooksAug 31, 2008
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What is WikidPad? Well, that's a tough one. The author calls it an "IDE for thoughts," and although that's a pretty good description, it just doesn't really do WikidPad justice. Basically, WikidPad is what you want it to be: a notebook, an address book, a to-do manager, and a desktop wiki.more »
PCManFMFile Manager PCManFM with tabbed browsingJul 07, 2008
Convenient file management beyond Nautilus and Konqueror is very much a real option. The PCManFM program is an attractive option with lean architecture and innovative features.more »
Workspace: wikiCalc Wikified approach to the spreadsheetJul 01, 2008
wikiCalc is a unique tool that offers a combination of spreadsheet functionality and wiki features. This may sound like a strange pairing, but wikiCalc provides a refreshingly new approach to the spreadsheet concept.more »
Issue 177/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
NoScript Flaw
Mozilla's script blocker add-on could be putting malware sites on the whitelist.
RIP SSLv3
The Internet community officially banishes the notoriously unsafe Secure Sockets Layer protocol.
Mate 1.1 Arrives
Popular desktop environment continues the Gnome 2 legacy – with new support for the Gnome 3 toolkit.
US Government Requires HTTPS
The Obama White House has issued a memorandum telling all US government agencies they must use HTTPS for all websites and web communication.
Mozilla Signs Firefox Add-Ons
New program will dial up security for the Firefox browser.
Fedora 22 Arrives
Red Hat's community distro embraces the cloud.
Code.org and College Board Team Reach Out for Talented High School Coders
New partnership will bring more and better CS training to US schools
A Peek Inside TeslaCrypt Ransomware
Criminals offer online help over Tor network
Mumblehard Still Spams
Sophisticated malware is still present on Joomla and WordPress sites around the world.
Launchpad Gets Git
Future versions of Ubuntu's code service will support the popular Git version control system used with Linux and other open source projects.


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Classic polish cuisine in an excellent atmosphere. The food is very good, made from scratch, and nicely presented. I remember this restaurant from many years ago and I can gladly say that has not changed since. We also enjoyed their nightly entertainment with music from 70's, 80's, and 90's. We can't wait to go there again.
If you own or manage Bohema, Restauracja, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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When you're reading our blog, have you ever stopped for a sec and just thought, Gee, that looks like a lot of fun! All the planning and designing and other creative work that goes into a wedding… I can see myself doing that. Well if you have, A) You're not alone—we have those thoughts almost […]Read more»
Kelly Perry of Philosophy Flowers and Heather Payne Photography reached out to us with an invitation for our readers to create with them in person in the beautiful mountains of Boone, North Carolina. Kelly studied as a teacher in college and this workshop brings together three things she is very passionate about — flowers, people […]Read more»
Elegant wedding event hosted by Gump'scategories Events
Bay Area brides, there's a fab bridal event coming your way next weekend! Perfect for all of you that may get engaged over Valentine's Day, wink wink… Here are all the deets: Gump's Presents, Wedding Chic, San Francisco's Most Elegant Bridal Event Sunday, February 23, 2014 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. 135 Post St, San Francisco, CA […]Read more»
The Cream Event Los Angelescategories Bits + Pieces, Events
There are a whole lotta reasons we love living in Los Angeles. The food, the weather, and the amazing crop of wedding creatives that call LA home. And right now, it feels pretty darn good to announce that The Cream Event is coming back to LA next month! Guys, this event ALWAYS sells out, so […]Read more»
Vermont Wedding Affair + ticket giveawaycategories Events
WellWed Magazine & Vermont Vows invite you to attend one of their signature bridal events – the 2013 Wedding Affairs. They're anything but your typical bridal event, so if you're just starting your planning this is the perfect event to get introduced to products, people & places that create some of the country's most talked about […]Read more»
BHLDN pop-up shop in NYCcategories Events
BHLDN is coming to New York City for a limited time to host a Pop-up Shop in Anthropologie's Upper East Side store. The Pop-up Shop offers an edited assortment of BHLDN's newest reception dresses, bridal accessories and jewelry. ―New York has been a top market since we launched our online business in 2011. We receive […]Read more»


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Up for sale in our Houston showroom is one very elegant 1993 Cadillac Eldorado Sport. The Eldorado has a history behind it from the... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 1993 Cadillac Allante Roadster for purchase. Originally designed to compete with the Mercedes Benz SL and... More
This 1993 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham Sedan features a 5.7L 8 CYLINDER 8cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a 4 Speed Automatic transmission. The... More
1993 Cadillac Allante Convertible For Sale or Trade Fully loaded roadster that cost $62,000 delivered new. Powered by 4.6L V8 DOHC Northstar engine, with... More
1993 Cadillac Sedan DeVille One owner and only 48K miles from new. Absolutely gorgeous car. Black with black leather interior, PA State Inspected, 4.9L V8 Motor, Power... More
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We are proud to offer this last production year, 1993 Cadillac Allante, painted in the very desirable pearl white. Under the hood sports the... More
We are proud to offer for sale this 1993 Cadillac Allante. If you are looking for a really clean, low mileage, late model, Northstar... More


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Kyle Larson wins his first race at Rockingham Speedway
Kyle Larson dominates the 2nd Annual North Carolina Education Lottery 200 at The Rock. The NASCAR Camping World Truck Series returned to the revitalized Rockingham Speedway for the second time. Kyle Larson held off a hard charging Joey Logano to win.
Jeb Burton led the field to green but that didn't last long. James Buescher passed him on the first lap and proceeded to lead the next seventeen laps. Kyle Larson pasted James and never looked back leading the rest of the race in his No. 30 – Autism Speaks Chevrolet.
This is Kyle's first Camping World Truck Series victory in five starts. Kyle Larson is a graduate of NASCAR's Drive for Diversity program.
After Kyle got the lead it looked like there would be no challengers but bad luck for Joey Logano turned into good luck. Joey had a loose wheel with about 20 something laps to go and had to pit. Joey ended up with not new tires but fresher tires than anyone else. He drove up through the field and put up a great challenge for the lead. Kyle showed he not only had the best truck of the day but also the talent to hold off the veteran.
There was some controversy when Ron Hornaday Jr. spun Darrell "Bubba" Wallace out during the last caution. NASCAR penalized Ron by having him start at the tail end of the field on the restart. The last driver to intentionally spin someone out while under caution, Kyle Busch, was parked.
Joey Logano was second, Brendan Gaughan third, Johnny Sauter fourth and 17 year old Chase Elliott fifth. 16 year old Erik Jones finished the race ninth.
Johnny Sauter leads the point standings by 16 points over Jeb Burton. Jeb was also the highest finishing rookie with his seventh place finish. If you were paying attention every race this weekend was won by a driver whose name is Kyle.
Brian Berg Jr. is a NASCAR writer for RantSports.com.
Follow him on Twitter @brian_jr1 during the race and throughout the week for more NASCAR news and commentary. On Facebook at NASCAR News and Commentary. On Pinterest at NASCARnews. Also add to your network on Google.
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2011 Peterbilt 386
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2016 Freightliner BUSINESS CLASS M2 106
Somerville, NJ
2015 Chevrolet 3500HD
New Hampton, IA
2013 Dodge RAM 3500
Jacksonville, FL
2007 International 9400i
Lake Butler, FL
2009 Freightliner CST120
Des Moines , IA
Trailer for 2016 Dorsey 60 Ton Steel Drop Decks
Voorhees, NJ
2011 Freightliner CA11342DC - CASCADIA
Healdsburg, CA
2005 Volvo VNL64T670
Ocala, FL
2010 International 8600
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