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Various embodiments of the invention are directed to various microdevices including sensors, actuators, valves, scanning mirrors, accelerometers, switches, and the like. In some embodiments the devices are formed via electrochemical fabrication (EFAB™).
1. A process for forming a multilayer microdevice, comprising:
(a) forming a layer comprising at least two materials on a substrate that may include one or more previously deposited layers, each comprising at least two materials, wherein one of the at least two materials is a structural material and another of the at least two materials is a sacrificial material;
(b) repeating the forming operation of "(a)" one or more times to form at least one subsequent layer, comprising at least two materials on at least one previously formed layer to build up a three-dimensional structure from a plurality layers;
wherein the forming of at least a plurity of layers, comprises:
(1) supplying a substrate;
(2) supplying a mask on a surface of the substrate having a desired pattern of openings through which a first material of the at least two materials can be effectively deposited or etched to yield a desired pattern of the first material;
(3) depositing the first material within the openings or etching the first material from the openings;
(4) removing the mask;
(5) depositing a second material of the at least two materials to fill the void in the deposited material; and
(6) planarizing the deposited first and second materials to provide a planarized layer; and
(c) after formation of the plurality of layers removing the sacrificial material from the deposited structural material, to reveal the three-dimensional structure,
wherein the microdevice includes a 3D tilt mirror.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 10/313,795 filed on Dec. 6, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,185,546 which in turn claims benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos.: 60/364,261 filed on Mar. 13, 2002; 60/340,372 filed on Dec. 6, 2001; 60/379,133 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/415,371 filed on Oct. 1, 2002; 60/379,135 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/379,182 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/430,809 filed on Dec. 3, 2002; 60/379,184 filed on May 7, 2002; 60/415,374 25-A filed on Oct. 1, 2002; 60/392,531 filed on Jun. 27, 2002; 60/422,007 filed on Oct. 29, 2002; 60/422,982 filed on Nov. 1, 2002; 60/429,483 filed on Nov. 26, 2002; 60/429,484 filed on Nov. 26, 2002. Each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 60/379,177, filed on May 7, 2002, 60/379,130 filed on May 7, 2002, and 10/309,521, filed Dec. 3, 2002 are also incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to the field of miniature devices while specific embodiments are directed to various sensors, various actuators, valves, structures possessing complex fluid flow paths, tooling, electrical devices, as well as other devices, apparatus for producing complex miniature devices, and methods for producing complex miniature devices. In some embodiments, fabrication of devices occur via Electrochemical Fabrication techniques that may involve the formation of a plurality of layers of material formed and adhered to one another via one or more of selective and/or blanket depositions (e.g. by electroplating), selective and/or blanket etching (e.g. by chemical or electrochemical processes), planarization and/or polishing, and/or other forms of deposition.
A technique for forming three-dimensional structures/devices from a plurality of adhered layers was invented by Adam L. Cohen and is known as Electrochemical Fabrication. It is being commercially pursued by MEMGen™ Corporation of Burbank, Calif. under the tradename EFAB™. This technique was described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,027,630, issued on Feb. 22, 2000. This electrochemical deposition technique allows the selective deposition of a material using a unique masking technique that involves the use of a mask that includes patterned conformable material on a support structure that is independent of the substrate onto which plating will occur. When desiring to perform an electrodeposition using the mask, the conformable portion of the mask is brought into contact with a substrate while in the presence of a plating solution such that the contact of the conformable portion of the mask to the substrate inhibits deposition at selected locations. For convenience, these masks might be generically called conformable contact masks; the masking technique may be generically called a conformable contact mask plating process. More specifically, in the terminology of MEMGen™ Corporation of Burbank, Calif. such masks have come to be known as INSTANT MASKS™ and the process known as INSTANT MASKING™ or INSTANT MASK™ plating. Selective depositions using conformable contact mask plating may be used to form single layers of material or may be used to form multi-layer structures. The teachings of the '630 patent are hereby incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full herein. Since the filing of the patent application that led to the above noted patent, various papers about conformable contact mask plating (i.e. INSTANT MASKING) and electrochemical fabrication have been published:
The disclosures of these nine publications are hereby incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full herein.
The electrochemical deposition process may be carried out in a number of different ways as set forth in the above patent and publications. In one form, this process involves the execution of three separate operations during the formation of each layer of the structure that is to be formed:
After formation of the first layer, one or more additional layers may be formed adjacent to the immediately preceding layer and adhered to the smoothed surface of that preceding layer. These additional layers are formed by repeating the first through third operations one or more times wherein the formation of each subsequent layer treats the previously formed layers and the initial substrate as a new and thickening substrate.
Once the formation of all layers has been completed, at least a portion of at least one of the materials deposited is generally removed by an etching process to expose or release the three-dimensional structure that was intended to be formed.
The preferred method of performing the selective electrodeposition involved in the first operation is by conformable contact mask plating. In this type of plating, one or more conformable contact (CC) masks are first formed. The CC masks include a support structure onto which a patterned conformable dielectric material is adhered or formed. The conformable material for each mask is shaped in accordance with a particular cross-section of material to be plated. At least one CC mask is needed for each unique cross-sectional pattern that is to be plated.
The support for a CC mask is typically a plate-like structure formed of a metal that is to be selectively electroplated and from which material to be plated will be dissolved. In this typical approach, the support will act as an anode in an electroplating process. In an alternative approach, the support may instead be a porous or otherwise perforated material through which deposition material will pass during an electroplating operation on its way from a distal anode to a deposition surface. In either approach, it is possible for CC masks to share a common support, i.e. the patterns of conformable dielectric material for plating multiple layers of material may be located in different areas of a single support structure. When a single support structure contains multiple plating patterns, the entire structure is referred to as the CC mask while the individual plating masks may be referred to as "submasks". In the present application such a distinction will be made only when relevant to a specific point being made.
In preparation for performing the selective deposition of the first operation, the conformable portion of the CC mask is placed in registration with and pressed against a selected portion of the substrate (or onto a previously formed layer or onto a previously deposited portion of a layer) on which deposition is to occur. The pressing together of the CC mask and substrate occur in such a way that all openings, in the conformable portions of the CC mask contain plating solution. The conformable material of the CC mask that contacts the substrate acts as a barrier to electrodeposition while the openings in the CC mask that are filled with electroplating solution act as pathways for transferring material from an anode (e.g. the CC mask support) to the non-contacted portions of the substrate (which act as a cathode during the plating operation) when an appropriate potential and/or current are supplied.
An example of a CC mask and CC mask plating are shown in
Another example of a CC mask and CC mask plating is shown in
Unlike through-mask plating, CC mask plating allows CC masks to be formed completely separate from the fabrication of the substrate on which plating is to occur (e.g. separate from a three-dimensional (3D) structure that is being formed). CC masks may be formed in a variety of ways, for example, a photolithographic process may be used. All masks can be generated simultaneously, prior to structure fabrication rather than during it. This separation makes possible a simple, low-cost, automated, self-contained, and internally-clean "desktop factory" that can be installed almost anywhere to fabricate 3D structures, leaving any required clean room processes, such as photolithography to be performed by service bureaus or the like.
An example of the electrochemical fabrication process discussed above is illustrated in
Various components of an exemplary manual electrochemical fabrication system 32 are shown in
The CC mask subsystem 36 shown in the lower portion of
The blanket deposition subsystem 38 is shown in the lower portion of
The planarization subsystem 40 is shown in the lower portion of
Electrochemical Fabrication provides the ability to form prototypes and commercial quantities of miniature objects, parts, structures, devices, and the like at reasonable costs and in reasonable times. In fact, Electrochemical Fabrication is an enabler for the formation of many structures that were hitherto impossible to produce. Electrochemical Fabrication opens the spectrum for new designs and products in many industrial fields. Even though Electrochemical Fabrication offers this new capability and it is understood that Electrochemical Fabrication techniques can be combined with designs and structures known within various fields to produce new structures, certain uses for Electrochemical Fabrication provide designs, structures, capabilities and/or features not known or obvious in view of the state of the art.
A need exists in various fields for miniature devices having improved characteristics, reduced fabrication times, reduced fabrication costs, simplified fabrication processes, and/or more independence between geometric configuration and the selected fabrication process.
A need exists in the field of miniature device fabrication for improved fabrication methods and apparatus.
An object of various aspects of the invention is to provide devices (e.g. structures, objects, parts, components, and the like) having improved characteristics.
An object of various aspects of the invention is to provide reduced fabrication time for producing devices (e.g. prototype devices).
An object of various aspects of the invention is to provide reduced fabrication costs for producing devices (e.g. prototype devices)
An object of various aspects of the invention is to provide simplified fabrication processes for producing devices.
An object of various aspects of the invention is to provide more independence between geometric configuration of a device and the selected fabrication process.
A need exists in the field of miniature device fabrication for improved fabrication methods and/or apparatus.
Other objects and advantages of various aspects of the invention will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of the teachings herein. The various aspects of the invention, set forth explicitly herein or otherwise ascertained from the teachings herein, may address any one of the above objects alone or in combination, or alternatively may address some other object of the invention ascertained from the teachings herein. It is not intended that any specific aspect of the invention (that is explicitly set forth below or that is ascertained from the teachings herein) address any of the objects set forth above let alone address all of these objects simultaneously, while some aspects may address one or more of these objects or even all of these objects simultaneously.
In a first aspect of the invention a sensor includes at least two sets of capacitor plates wherein each set of plates includes a plurality of plates.
In a second aspect of the invention, an actuator includes at least two sets of capacitor plates wherein each set includes a plurality of plates and wherein a motion of the actuator is perpendicular to a plane of the plates.
In a third aspect of the invention, an actuator includes at least two sets of capacitor plates wherein each set includes a plurality of plates and wherein a motion of the actuator is in a direction parallel to a plane of the plates, and wherein a portion of the plurality of plates in one set are positioned in a first plane while another portion of the plurality of the plates of the one set are positioned in a second plane offset from the first plane.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, an actuator includes at least two sets of capacitor plates wherein each set includes a plurality of plates and wherein a motion of the actuator is in a direction parallel to a plane of the plates, and wherein the plurality of plates in one set are positioned in an array that extends in three dimensions.
In a variation of the first through fourth aspects of the invention, the sensor or actuator is formed at least in part via electrochemical fabrication.
In a fifth aspect of the invention an LVDT sensor is formed at least in part via electrochemical fabrication.
In a sixth aspect of the invention an actuator is formed at least in part via electrochemical fabrication.
In a seventh aspect of the invention a sensor is formed at least in part via electrochemical fabrication.
In an eighth aspect of the invention an electrostatic actuator includes at least one moveable member and at least one actuation electrode for causing movement of the moveable member wherein the electrode and/or the moveable member is configured to have a contour that leads to a spacing between moveable member and the electrode when the moveable member is in its deflected position toward the electrode which is more uniform than when the moveable member is in an undeflected position.
In a ninth aspect of the invention an electrostatic actuator includes at least one moveable member and at least one actuation electrode for causing movement of the moveable member wherein the electrode and/or the moveable member has a configuration that brings portions of the electrode and member closer together without significantly interfering with the movement of the member.
In a tenth aspect of the invention an electrostatic actuator includes at least one moveable member and at least one actuation electrode for causing movement of the moveable member wherein the electrode has at least one sidewall or at least one protrusion in a region that reduces the separation between the electrode and the member without hindering the motion of the member.
In an eleventh aspect of the invention an electrostatic actuator includes at least one moveable member and at least two actuation electrodes that can be activated to create forces that pull the moveable member in opposing directions.
In a twelfth aspect of the invention an electrostatically actuated micro-mirror scanning system includes contoured electrodes that allow a reduced drive voltage without hindering mirror movement.
In a thirteenth aspect of the invention a structure includes a multi-level micro flow channel.
In a fourteenth aspect of the invention a metal mold includes a plurality of levels having features with dimensions on the order of 10s of microns or less.
In a fifteenth aspect of the invention a process for forming a multilayer microdevice, comprising: (a) forming a layer of at least one material on a substrate that may include one or more previously deposited layers of one or more materials; (b) repeating the forming operation of "(a)" one or more times to form at least one subsequent layer on at least one previously formed layer to build up a three-dimensional structure from a plurality layers; wherein the forming of at least one layer, comprises: (1) supplying a substrate on which one or more successive depositions of one or more materials may have occurred; (2) supplying a mask having a desired pattern or capable of being activated to effectively deposit or etch a desired pattern of material; (3) bringing the mask and the substrate into contact or proximity such that electrochemical process pockets are formed having a desired registration with respect to any previous depositions and providing a desired electrolyte solution such that the solution is provided within the electrochemical process pockets; and (4) applying a desired electrical activation to cause a desired material to be deposited onto the substrate or removed from the substrate in preparation for deposition of a material onto the substrate; wherein the microdevice includes one or more of the following: an accelerometer, a switch, a valve, a 3-D tilt mirror, a fluid well, a tool for producing other microstructures or structures with micro-patterning, an actuator including a contoured electrode, a bellows controlled valve, an actuator with pull down and pull up electrodes, a valve comprising a shape memory device, a bistable valve, a device at least partly surrounded by a conductive shield wall.
In a sixteenth aspect of the invention a microdevice, includes: a plurality of layers of successively deposited material, wherein the deposition of each layer of material comprises, (a) deposition of at least a first material; and (b) deposition of at least a second material; and wherein at least a portion of the first or second material is removed after deposition of the plurality of layers; and wherein a structure resulting from the deposition and the removal provides at least one structure that can function as (1) an accelerometer, (2) a toroidal inductor, (3) a switch, (4) a valve, (5) a helical inductor, (6) a 3-D tilt mirror, (7) a fluid well, (8) an antenna, or (9) a mold.
In a seventeenth aspect of the invention a method of manufacturing a microdevice includes: depositing a plurality of adhered layers of material, wherein the deposition of each layer of material comprises, a. selective deposition of at least a first material; b deposition of at least a second material; and c. planarization of at least a portion of the deposited material; removing of at least a portion of the first or second material after deposition of the plurality of layers; wherein a structure resulting from the deposition and the removal provides at least one structure that can function as (1) an accelerometer, (2) a toroidal inductor, (3) a switch, (4) a valve, (5) a helical inductor, (6) a 3-D tilt mirror, (7) a fluid well, (8) an antenna, or (9) a mold.
In a eighteenth aspect of the invention a microaccelerometer includes: a proof mass; and at least one of a plurality of spring-like structures for supporting the proof mass relative to a substrate; where a portion of the plurality of spring-like structures attach to the proof mass below a center of mass of the proof mass and a plurality of the spring-like structures attach to the proof mass above the center of mass of the proof mass; or a plurality of spring-like structures for supporting the proof mass relative to a substrate; where a portion of the plurality of spring-like structures attach to the proof mass in a common plane that includes the center of mass of mass of the proof mass.
In a nineteenth aspect of the invention a microvalve that includes a valve seal and wherein at least one of the valve seat or valve seal is supported by at least one corrugated support structure.
In a twentieth aspect of the invention a 3-D tilt mirror including features with dimensions on the order of 10s of microns comprising a rotatable mirror structure with a reflective surface that is supported by at least one spring-like structure, wherein the spring-like structure is formed from the same material as that which forms the reflective surface.
Further aspects of the invention will be understood by those of skill in the art upon reviewing the teachings herein. Other aspects of the invention may involve combinations of the above noted aspects of the invention. Other aspects of the invention may involve apparatus that can be used in implementing one or more of the above method aspects of the invention. These other aspects of the invention may provide various combinations of the aspects presented above as well as provide other configurations, structures, functional relationships, and processes that have not been specifically set forth above.
Some embodiments present miniature sensors or actuators that may be formed totally or in part using Electrochemical Fabrication techniques. Some of these devices may be formed monolithically in an Electrochemical Fabrication process. Some of these devices make use of applied electric fields to cause motion. Some embodiments use parallel plate gap closing effects while others use comb drive type effects. Some devices make use of applied electric fields to detect motion. A change in distance between capacitor plates produces a change in capacitance which can be electrically measured). Devices that rely on electric field properties to cause or sense motion are sometimes termed "electrostatic devices" even though the electric fields supplied or detected may not be static. Electrostatic devices offer several advantages: (1) their use is simple as it is relatively easy to apply and measure voltages, (2) relatively simple geometries may be usable, (3) at the distance scales involved in miniature devices (e.g. meso-scale and microscale devices) electrostatic forces become significant enough to move and manipulate mechanisms, (4) electrostatic devices may be configured for low power consumption, (5) electrostatic devices can operate quickly, and (6) Electrostatic devices can be shielded from the influence of external fields while producing little electromagnetic interference themselves. The designation of devices as "electrostatic" does not imply that the electric field doesn't change or that only DC currents are involved, but rather that the physics of electric fields dominates over the physics of any induced magnetic fields. In fact, electrostatic devices have been operated over a large frequency range (e.g. up to several kilohertz or more).
Electrostatic devices proposed or developed have typically suffered from some problems: (1) though electrostatic forces achieved have been sufficient for some applications, they have been inadequate for others; (2) high actuation voltages have typically been necessary, e.g. in excess of 100 volts, and/or (3) some devices have exhibited unpredictable behavior or stiction which may be the result of production of unintended electric fields. Some embodiments of electrostatic actuators and sensors to be discussed hereafter lessen the severity of some of these problems: (1) by producing higher forces at lower actuation voltages, and/or (2) by providing higher capacitance changes at a given displacement for capacitance sensing, (3) by providing higher conductivity material, as compared to silicon, which may help reduce unintended charging, reduce power consumption, and allow operation at higher frequencies.
EFAB enables numerous new electrostatic actuator embodiments that create greater electrostatic force. As greater electrostatic force typically translates into greater capacitance structures of these embodiments can be advantageously used in sensor applications as well.
Linear electrostatic actuators, such as comb drives, typically employ some form of parallel plate configuration, in which the gap spacing between plates is fixed, while the area of overlap between plates changes during actuation, typically resulting in a linear motion and a linear relationship between applied voltage and displacement. The main issues associated with linear electrostatic actuators actuation force vs. voltage and total displacement or throw. By far the most widely used linear electrostatic actuator is the comb drive actuator, in which a series of interdigitated finger shaped electrodes provide an attractive force. Comb drive actuators previously proposed or developed provided a 2D array of comb fingers. The actuation force may be maximized by increasing the number of fingers, reducing the gap between the fingers, and increasing the thickness or depth of the fingers. Comb drives produced by surface micromachining have gaps of typically 1 or 2 microns and thickness of 2 microns in large arrays of dozens or even hundreds of comb fingers. In order to further increase the force, high-aspect ratio processes have been used to create very deep comb fingers. For example, DRIE-based comb fingers greater than 100 microns in thickness have been created. Limitations of conventional high-aspect ratio processing generally have required an increased comb gap at greater etch depths which have somewhat reduced the advantages of using high aspect ratio structures. These high aspect ratio comb drive actuators are essentially tall, extruded 2D comb drive arrays.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, 3D arrays of comb drives containing many more combs than possible in a 2D array may be fabricated. Furthermore, according to some of these embodiments, it is possible to produces such actuators without a gap width to structure thickness dependence as thickness may be increased by simply adding more layers. In these some of these embodiments (to be discussed further hereafter), more combs are created in a smaller cross-sectional area thus allowing greater forces to be generated at lower voltages. Alternatively, or additionally, supporting spring and framework can be designed to allow greater displacement and greater stability at higher operating voltages. In still other embodiments such actuators may be combined with dielectric stops and the like to inhibit shorting. In still further embodiments it is possible to configure actuators to provide rotary motions as opposed to linear motion. In still further embodiments comb drives may be configured to provided multi-directional motion.
Electrostatic actuators may also be designed using parallel plates that create a driving force that attracts selected plates to one another thereby causing a motion that changes a gap between adjacent plates as they move. Conversely, sensors may be formed that take advantage of the change in capacitance that results from separation of the plates changing (pressure sensors and accelerometers). These actuators typically produce higher forces than to comb drives but are nonlinear in their operation. Typically, these actuators are implemented by placing an electrode underneath a structure, the electrode then pulls the structure downwards. Most tilting mirror devices use some version of this principal.
Some embodiments of the present benefit from a greater flexibility in arrangement of the gap closing electrodes that may be achieved via three-dimensional structuring of the actuator that is allowed by a true multi-layer fabrication process (e.g. by the ability to use more than 5 to 10 layers). For example, in some embodiments electrodes may be placed above and below a device for bidirectional actuation. In other embodiments a stationary actuator can act in the middle of two moving members. In still other embodiments enhanced sensor may be provided such as 2-axis and 3-axis accelerometers. In still other embodiments, stacking of electrode plates may be used to obtain a greater measure of change for a given displacement as opposed to implementations where single pair of plates are used in detecting a displacement.
With gap closing actuators, the force is generally approximately proportional to the square of the gap distance. This can be a problem when a large range of motion is required. In the state-of-the-art, the electrodes are placed at a distance from the moving member, so that the moving member does not touch the electrode throughout its full range of motion. Unfortunately, this often requires the electrode to be placed at a substantial distance from the moving member, which drastically reduces the available force. It then becomes difficult to initiate motion in the moving member. As a result, tilt mirror devices for example typically require large operating voltages due to the large distance between the mirror and electrode. Furthermore, this conventional approach results in a very nonlinear actuator behavior, requiring use of complex control schemes to compensate for the increase in force as the gap closes. In fact as it is typical for the spring force to increase only linearly with displacement, a maximum point in displacement can occur where the attractive force exceeds the return force and snapping closure occurs.
In some embodiments of the present invention, electrode and or moving member configuration is modified so that the actuating electrode is close to the moving member but does not intersect the path of motion. In some embodiments the electrode is supplied with a stairstep configuration (e.g. the electrode is formed from a stack of layers whose structure approximates a curve under which a cantilever beam will bend. It is believed that such a configuration may provide a substantial increase in force (or allow a significant reduction in driving voltage) while maintaining a desired extent of motion. Alternatively, the stiffness of the return springs could be increased without an increase in drive voltage to change the mechanical resonance frequency of the member. In other embodiments the actuation electrode for a cantilever beam may not be positioned so that it is only located, for example, in a plane below the beam but instead it may be configured to be both below and to the sides (or at least approaching the sides) of the beam such that the distance between the beam and portions of electrode is dramatically decreased while still allowing full motion of the beam. In still other embodiments, the beam may be made to move in more than one direction using multiple electrodes. In other embodiments, the electrodes may be both underneath a moving member and located to an elevated position beyond the end of the moving member. For example, the electrodes that control the multi-directional movement of a scanning mirror may be located below their respective portions of the scanning mirror as well as at an elevated position beyond the lateral extents of the moving mirror surface. In still further embodiments, the electrodes may be partially contoured to bring its surface closer to a moving member in such away as not to hinder the required motion while the moving member itself includes surface level modifications (e.g. deviates from a planar configuration) to bring portions of its surface closer to that of the electrode. In still further embodiments, the electrode may contain no surface level modifications (e.g. it may remain planar) while the moving member contains surface level modifications.
In still further embodiments, closing gap actuators may be stacked in series to increase the total throw of the actuator. An example is shown on pages 56 and 57. A 3D volume of such electrodes could be used to construct an actuator 'fabric' with high displacement and force.
Multiple electrostatic actuators can be configured to achieve complex functionality, such as for use as multi-axis component alignment structures. In some embodiments, required electrical traces may be formed in an EFAB process on a dielectric along with the formation of the rest of the devices or structures. In other embodiments it is also possible with EFAB to embed the conductive lines inside an insulating matrix as part of the composition of the supporting structural member. This allows multiple signals to be routed within a mechanical structure with minimal impact on the design and performance of the structure.
Electrostatic micromotors may also be made practical according to some embodiments of the invention by allowing formation of motors with both top drive and bottom drive electrodes as opposed to the top drive or side drive electrodes previously proposed.
In alternative embodiments more then three pairs of capacitor plates may be used. In some embodiments a single pair of capacitor plates may suffice while in other embodiments many pairs of capacitor plates might be appropriate. In some embodiments the hermetic sealing techniques set forth in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/379,182 and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/430,809 filed Dec. 4, 2002 having MEMGen Corporation Docket No. P-US021-B-MG may be used to form pressure sensors. In some alternative embodiments conductive leads 106 and 104 may extend from a wall of the sensor as opposed to through the base. In such alternative embodiments, if the walls form part of the conductive path that lead to a set of the capacitor plates, then the conductive lead for the other set of plates may be separated from the wall by a dielectric material where the dielectric material may be added to the structure after its formation or may be added to the structure during its formation such as during formation on a layer-by-layer basis by electrochemical fabrication. In still other embodiments the walls and the exposed surface of lid 112 may be of the dielectric material or a dielectric coated conductor. In still other embodiments fixed capacitor plates 118(a)-118(c) may be connected to a portion of the walls as opposed to being mounted on the base. In some embodiments the sensors may detect, for example, pressure, displacement, or function as enhanced-sensitivity accelerometers (assuming the lid 112 doesn't effective displacement significantly and that moveable plates 116(a)-116(c) have sufficient mass).
A second embodiment is depicted in
In the first and second embodiments the side views illustrated do not depict cross-sectional dimensions of the plates (along the dimension extending into the page). The plates may take on rectangular dimensions or circular dimensions or any other configuration that is appropriate to the constraints of a given application. The embodiment of
In some embodiments, the capacitor plates need not be planar and when used herein unless otherwise indicated indications of "parallel to", or "perpendicular to" capacitor plates should be interpreted as relative to a plane of a relevant portion of the surface of a plate or plates.
A third embodiment of the invention is depicted in
A fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a linear variable differential transformer or LVDT which may be monolithically produced by electrochemical fabrication. As indicated in
In some embodiments of the present invention the structures and devices formed may have features as small as a micron, or potentially even smaller, or as large as 10s or even 100s of microns or even larger.
In some alternative embodiments, the sensors and actuators may use alternatively shaped electrodes and actuation plates as discussed herein above and as illustrated in some embodiments to be discussed herein after.
Another embodiment of the instant invention is depicted in
In alternative embodiments many variations of the design are possible. For example different numbers or sizes of plates may be used, different element dimensions are possible, the contact materials of elements 214(a), 214(b), 216(a) and 216(b) maybe different from the material of moving member 204 and arms 218(a) and 218(b). In still other embodiments, actuation voltages may be isolated from signals via independent lines that are separated by dielectrics. In still further embodiments contact elements 216(a) and 216(b) need not be located at the ends of flexible arm elements but instead may be rigidly mounted on pedestals or the like.
As illustrated in the
Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated on
Though a check valve is illustrated in
A further example of a manufacturing process for a valve is illustrated in
In other embodiments, other valves of similar design can be achieved by replacing the SMA supports in the valve described above with other actuators including thermal actuators (e.g., thermal bimorph, heatuator (a loop with segments having non-uniform cross-sectional area), piezoelectric actuators, and so forth.
Another alternative mirror embodiment is illustrated in
Another alternative embodiment is depicted in
Another alternative scanning mirror embodiment is illustrated in
Many additional alternative mirror embodiments are possible. In some such alternatives densely packed fields of components that include mirrors or other relatively high voltage components or components that carry high frequency signals may benefit from the fabrication of walls of conductive material around their perimeter. These walls of conducted material may be grounded, thereby helping to shield nearby components from negative influenced associated with the electrical activity of other components. Similarly such walls may help shield the other components from the electrical activity of the surrounded components.
Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Fabricated device of
Electrochemical fabrication technology can be used to fabricate tooling to enable a wide variety of industrial processes on a small scale. Examples of such tooling are as follows:
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). Electrodes suitable for EDM of various materials (including tool steels) can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology, particularly from copper and other electrodepositable elements and alloys that can be used as structural material in electrochemical fabrication technology. Materials with low erosion properties during EDM are preferred. Tooling for EDM grinding and related processes can also be created by co-depositing abrasive particles (e.g., diamond, silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide) along with metal.
Electrochemical Machining (ECM). Tooling suitable for ECM, electrochemical deburring, shaped tube electrolytic machining, and related means of processing a variety of materials can be made with EFAB technology. Tooling for electrochemical grinding and similar processes can also be created by co-depositing abrasive particles (e.g., diamond, silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide) along with metal.
Electroplating. Anodes with special shapes intended to control current distribution during plating, enhance plating within a cavity, and so forth may be made with electrochemical fabrication technology, for example, from copper, nickel, and platinum.
Ultrasonic machining. Tooling for ultrasonic machining of such materials as carbides, ceramics, glass, and metals including stainless steel can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology. Tool life can be improved by co-depositing abrasive particles (e.g., diamond, silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide) along with metal when fabricating the tool.
Injection and other molding. Tooling for injection, compression, and transfer molding of components from polymers, mixtures of polymers and metal (to fabricate metal injection molding preforms via 'metal injection molding') or of polymers and ceramic (to fabricate ceramic components via 'ceramic injection molding') can be made with EFAB technology. Tooling can consist of multiple elements which when combined form a cavity into which material is introduced.
Blow and rotational molding. Tooling for blow molding and rotational molding can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology. Tooling can consist of multiple elements which when combined form a cavity into which material is introduced.
Extrusion molding. Dies for extruding polymers, metals, polymer/metal and polymer/ceramic mixtures (in which the polymer is later removed and the metal or ceramic is sintered) can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology. Spinnerets—essentially extrusion dies for polymers used in the fabrication of synthetic fiber—can similarly be fabricated. Due to electrochemical fabrication technology's 3-dimensional nature, semistreamlined and fully streamlined production dies can be created, in which the die geometry is curved away from the extruded structure on the exit side of the die. Dies designed to produce hollow extrusions such as tubing and multi-lumen catheters for medical applications—both featuring unusually small diameters—can be produced.
Of particular interest is the fabrication of extrusion dies capable of extruding multiple materials simultaneously to form a composite structure.
Thermoforming. Tooling for thermoforming of materials such as thermoplastics can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology. Vacuum applied through apertures in the forming surface of the tool (
Die casting and permanent mold casting. Tooling for die casting and permanent mold casting of metals, particularly those with relatively low melting points (aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and of course, indium, tin, Cerro metals, and solder) can be made using electrochemical fabrication technology. Tooling can consist of multiple elements which when combined form a cavity into which material is introduced.
Metal forming. Tooling for drop forging and impact extrusion, progressive die drawing, progressive roll forming, stretch-draw forming, tube bending, tube and wire drawing, deep drawing, and brake forming can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology.
Powder metal and ceramic die pressing. Tooling for consolidating metal and ceramic powders into preforms through pressure and—optionally—heat, prior to sintering can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology.
Machining. Tooling for broaching and fine blanking; gear hobbing and gear shaping; lancing, shearing, and bending; nibbling and notching; slitting; and punching, perforating and blanking can be made with electrochemical fabrication technology. Taps and dies for threading; drills, mills, files, lathe tools (e.g., for turning, facing, and boring); and routing, shaping, and planing tools can also be made with electrochemical fabrication technology.
Abrasive machining. Tooling for grinding, electrochemical grinding, EDM grinding (as already mentioned), and honing can be produced with EFAB technology. In addition, tooling for orbital grinding (e.g., of graphite, but also of much harder materials) can be fabricated in this way. Dicing saws for cutting semiconductor, ceramic, and glass wafers can also be fabricated. All such tooling, which relies on an abrasive action, can be made by co-depositing abrasive particles (e.g., diamond, silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide) along with metal.
The hardness and wear resistance of all of the above tooling may be made increased by co-depositing particles (e.g., diamond, silicon carbide, boron carbide, aluminum oxide) along with electrochemically-deposited metal. Alternatively, spray metal deposition may be used to blanket deposit tool steel and other structural materials desirable for tooling applications as the structural material in electrochemical fabrication technology.
Since tooling often requires high strength, diffusion bonding of the layers in tooling produced by electrochemical fabrication technology may be carried out by heating the tooling to a temperature which promotes diffusion across the layer interface. This can be carried out either before or after removal of the sacrificial material.
Tooling may also be fabricated indirectly—not as the direct result of electrochemical fabrication technology, but for example, by using an electrochemical fabrication technology-produced copper electrode to electrical discharge machine tool steel which then serves as the final tool.
Another Embodiment of the instant invention is shown in
Another embodiment of the instant invention is illustrated in
An additional embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
The patent applications in the following table are hereby incorporated by reference herein as if set forth in full. The gist of each patent application is included in the table to aid the reader in finding specific types of teachings. It is not intended that the incorporation of subject matter be limited to those topics specifically indicated, but instead the incorporation is to include all subject matter found in these applications. The teachings in these incorporated applications can be combined with the teachings of the instant application in many ways. For example, the various apparatus configurations disclosed in these referenced applications may be used in conjunction with the novel features of the instant invention to provide various alternative apparatus that include the functionality disclosed herein:
Additional material concerning microdevices and their fabrication can be found in the following three books which are hereby incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full herein:
Various other embodiments of the present invention exist. Some of these embodiments may be based on a combination of the teachings herein with various teachings incorporated herein by reference. Some embodiments may not use any blanket deposition process and/or they may not use a planarization process. Some embodiments may involve the selective deposition of a plurality of different materials on a single layer or on different layers. Some embodiments may use blanket deposition processes that are not electrodeposition processes. Some embodiments may use selective deposition processes on some layers that are not conformable contact masking processes and are not even electrodeposition processes. Some embodiments may use the non-conformable contact mask or non-contact masking techniques set forth in the above referenced U.S. Provisional Application corresponding to P-US042-B-MG.
Some embodiments may use nickel as a structural material while other embodiments may use different materials such as copper, gold, silver, or any other electrodepositable materials that can be separated from the a sacrificial material. Some embodiments may use copper as the structural material with or without a sacrificial material. Some embodiments may remove a sacrificial material while other embodiments may not. In some embodiments the sacrificial material may be removed by a chemical etching operation, an electrochemical operation, or a melting operation. In some embodiments the anode may be different from the conformable contact mask support and the support may be a porous structure or other perforated structure. Some embodiments may use multiple conformable contact masks with different patterns so as to deposit different selective patterns of material on different layers and/or on different portions of a single layer. In some embodiments, the depth of deposition will be enhanced by pulling the conformable contact mask away from the substrate as deposition is occurring in a manner that allows the seal between the conformable portion of the CC mask and the substrate to shift from the face of the conformal material to the inside edges of the conformable material.
In view of the teachings herein, many further embodiments, alternatives in design and uses of the instant invention will be apparent to those of skill in the art. As such, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the particular illustrative embodiments, alternatives, and uses described above but instead that it be solely limited by the claims presented hereafter.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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|Switzerland ETFs Continue to Impress May 06 2015
|Chart Patterns Everywhere: Bullish or Bearish For Stocks? Apr 25 2015
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|ETFs to Capture Excess Exporting Countries Mar 24 2015
|Can European stocks take the mantle from the U.S.? Mar 20 2015
|Is This The Greatest Gap Fill Ever? A Chart Of The Swiss Franc Mar 17 2015
|UPDATE: European Stocks Hit The Target Mar 17 2015
|Epic Swiss Unwind A Victory For Free Markets Mar 16 2015
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|Tailwind for European Stocks? Feb 01 2015
|Prescription for Caution With Switzerland ETFs Jan 28 2015
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|Balchunas on ETF's Rally After Swiss Currency Shock (Audio) Jan 20 2015
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|An All-Time 1st?: Swiss Market Index Goes From 52-Week High To 52-Week Low In Same Week! Jan 16 2015
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subset: commoncrawl


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Top Definition
The guitarist from the Allman Brothers Band, who was also in Derek and the Dominoes for a time. Arguably the greatest guitarist of all time, rivaled only by greats like Jimi Hendrix and David Gilmour.
Duane Allman's slide solo during Layla will make some listeners stop in their tracks.
by jimmy calender November 22, 2006
1 more definition
He overplayed.
Slash is waaaay better.
Slash is waaaay better.
Slash never overplays.
by SLash rules May 07, 2004


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Sound of stroking a balloon processed with melodyne.
A large metal suspended on a rubber band. The pot is hit while spinning.
A Didge sound that I made with Massive.
Takamine guitar being tuned.
Another little eminor detective type film guitar line with tremolo
A stereo recording of a parlour (parlor) guitar being tuned. Zoom H2 front on-board mics.
this is just a reversed sound of a bass slide
Common 50's chord progression Yamaha acoustic guitar loop with reverb.
This is a nice little study written by Guillermo Gomez and is from Frederick Noad's book 'The Idiot's Guide To ...
Lazy blues Loop plucked on a cello.
Lazy loop plucked on a cello.
Custom Daddy Mojo Cigar Box Guitar plugged into the Atomic Sonic Doyle's Device FX unit, sent out to Harley Benton ...
dadgad guitar improvisation with a little bit of wah-wah effect
A bass riff in E. Loops at 60 bpm.
played with a fender recorded with Zoom H2


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North Yorks Walk
Started Jan 8, 2010 | Discussions thread
Nicely done. Miss the snow. Like Bob says, we have to suffer from all those sunny days in Southern Ca.
Might want to try to crop out the partial horse in the last photo to see if that increases the focus on the other.
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- Remember, fireworks are dangerous
- Wallace asks citizens to fight cuts
- Dispute over state payroll rolls on
- Why fight over free trade confounds partisan divide
- Still no state budget
- Crime control is not the responsibility of landlords
- Fly over to the Poplar Grove Wings and Wheels Museum benefit
- Local leaders warn of budget deadlock's impact
- SHUTDOWN: Illinois preps for the worst
- TRRT Online Edition | July 1-7
29th Annual Two Rivers Bluegrass Jam Aug. 23-25
Online Staff Report
Bring your children, grandchildren, lawn chairs and blankets, and be thoroughly entertained at the 29th Annual Two Rivers Bluegrass Jam. It will be Aug. 23-25 at the Northern Illinois Coon & Fox Club, 12314 Harrison Road, Harrison, Ill., nestled on the banks of the Sugar and Pecatonica rivers between Harrison and Shirland. Folks come from all around the Midwest to play their acoustical instruments at this free festival.
Performances will be on stage all weekend. Shows will run from 6 to 10 p.m., Thursday and Friday, and noon to 10 p.m., Saturday. You will also catch folks playing and jamming bluegrass, country and folk music by their campers, or under shade trees on the grounds. Concession and craft vendors will also be on hand.
This is an outdoor event, but is handicapped accessible. No drugs or alcohol. Admission is free, but donations are encouraged.
Limited camping spots are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The cost for campsites is $5 per day or $15 for sites needing electricity.
Posted Aug. 22, 2012


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Law at War, Vietnam: 1964-1973
Department of the Army, 1975 - Law - 161 pages
One of the first studies to examine exclusively the legal activities of judge advocates in Vietnam, focusing primarily on the U.S. Military Assistance Command (MACV).
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administrative assigned attorneys black market activities Cambodia camp Chieu Hoi civil Code of Military Colonel combat corps areas counterinsurgency Courts of Peace courts-martial crimes criminal currency decrees Defense Directorate of Military drug established exchange foreign claims Free World forces French Geneva Conventions Geneva Prisoner headquarters insurgency investigation involved judge advocate adviser Judge Advocate's office jurisdiction MACV Directive MACV judge advocate MACV Staff Judge major ment Military Assistance Command military courts Military Justice military law military lawyers military police military prisons namese Nang Nha Trang North offenses operations Pentalateral Agreement piasters problems procedures prosecutor Red Cross repatriation Republic of Vietnam Saigon South Vietnam Staff Judge Advocate Staff Judge Advocate's status Supreme Court taxes tion trial U.S. and Vietnamese U.S. Army U.S. civilians U.S. command U.S. dollar U.S. forces U.S. Military Assistance U.S. personnel U.S. troops United Viet Cong Vietnamese armed forces Vietnamese government Vietnamese law Vietnamese military violations


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As part of AmeriCorps, City Year places diverse young adults in high-need urban schools for a year of service to support students' academic and socio-emotional success.
Funded by the Kauffman Foundation, Fund for Teachers experiences transform teachers' careers and classrooms for years to come.
The Kauffman Foundation invests in individual schools that demonstrate the capacity to deliver strong academic outcomes for students in Kansas City.
A partnership between the Kauffman Foundation and the Kansas City Public Library, this speaker series brings leading thinkers in education to Kansas City audiences.
The Kauffman Foundation supports Citizens of the World Charter (CWC) Schools' development and opening of a four-school network of charter public schools in Midtown Kansas City.
The Kauffman Foundation's support of Donors Choose provides match funding for classroom projects posted on DonorsChoose.org by public school teachers in the Greater Kansas City area.
Leading Educators is a selective, two-year fellowship program that leverages effective instructional leaders to help bolster the capacity of schools to support improvements in student achievement and retain talented educators.
The Kauffman Foundation is providing $1.5 million to ten local scholarship programs to increase the opportunity for more Kansas City-area students to earn a college degree.
Missouri College Advising Corps is a national leader in providing advisory services to help underserved high school students identify "best fit" pathways that lead to postsecondary completion.
The Kauffman Campuses initiative, which operated from 2003 to 2013, was designed to transform the way colleges and universities prepare students for success in the American economy.
The Data Maven blog tracks developments in entrepreneurship, innovation, and education data.
© Copyright 2015 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. All rights reserved.


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As far as museums go, even the history buffs in us all know they can sometimes drone on from room to room... too much reading, not enough activity.
Ouray County Museum has put...
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Yankee Boy Basin 4x4 Road, Colorado
Governor Basin 4x4 Road, Colorado
Mineral Creek 4x4 Trail
As far as museums go, even the history buffs in us all know they can sometimes drone on from room to room... too much reading, not enough activity.
Ouray County Museum has put together an "I Spy" game for your children to use while they tour the historic building. It really helped engage our 8 and 6 year old girls...
This museum is chock full of local artifacts, much bigger than I imagined. Seem there are at least 2 stories and some cabins outside. Very well worth the time spent.
This is a great little museum! It is full of items about the area. The basement has a history of mining in the area. Plan about little less than An hour, more if you read everything.
We stumbled upon this "little" Museum when out for a walk. It was BIG! Three stories of fascinating rooms bringing the past to life! Worth more than $6! If you're in Ouray, I highly recommend it!
This historical museum has wonderful exhibits of life a 50 - 150 years ago, including doctor's and dental offices, a jail, a walk-through mine scene, and an incredible display of minerals. It is small but packed and a lot of fun.
If you're interested in knowing more about Ouray, beyond it's gorgeous views, awesome hiking trails, relaxing hot springs, and wonderful restaurants, you'll enjoy learning about Chief Ouray's legacy, the town's colorful mining history, and how Ouray came to be the community it is today!
This little museum is top notch. It offers a look into the past with displays to be proud of. This is well worth the visit.
Wow, there was alot of interesting exhibts in the museum. Gotta see the mining on the lower levels. Make sure to stop at the vistor's center in town and you may even snag a coupon for a dollar off admission! I would of really liked a tour, but as a do it yourself I enjoyed myself immensely!
This museum gave me a great option on a rainy afternoon. Inside you'll find rooms packed with pictures and local artifacts. The old hospital/surgery rooms are neat, as are the rocks ... I mean... minerals (sorry Hank). Displays in the basement are cool too -- especially the jail cell. Too bad they don't let you close the jail door, which...
Wonderful museum. You will not be sorry that you took the time to stop. We especially liked the lower level with the mining collection. Great collection of photos.
Register now for free — and start getting automatic notification of new reviews, responding to traveler feedback, adding new photos to your listing and much more.


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Ratings based on 2,866 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
4.9 Room cleanliness
4.9 Service & staff
4.8 Room comfort
4.9 Hotel condition
They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
We double-checked.
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
***** 5 star, amazing hotelPosted Jun 30, 2015
Pros: all aside from the open bathroom
Cons: upgrade availability
great!! 5 star indeed. Please accommodate more than 2 people in a room and the ability to upgrade to club level
for Everyoneby A verified traveler from Hastings,NE
Beautiful hotelPosted Jun 29, 2015
Beautiful hotel, you can do as much or as little as you want. Staff friendly and helpful wonderful experience!
for Couplesby A verified traveler from Chicago, IL
Wonderful Stay! Small Problem with Swim up RoomPosted Jun 29, 2015
First, I will say that this hotel was fabulous! Great food, clean and comfortable rooms, and very friendly staff. The only problem we had was with our swim up room on the first floor. Because it was slow season, there were quite a few maintenance workers painting and repairing the rooms above ours. As a result, I would be out trying to read/relax on our back swim up patio, and there were falling rocks and paint chips! The workers were friendly, and it was somewhat comical the first day, but after day two of more ladders and maintenance workers walking by I decided to call the front desk. I will compliment the manager on duty at the time, as he did apologize and took care of it. However, I think if we ever went back, we would not invest the money for the the swim up room - as we ended up just going to the pool (because of the maintenance work) and were able to relax just fine there. So, if you are debating between the swim up or just the baseline rate room, there are plenty of spaces around the pool or beach during the slower season where you can relax - plus you can get a drink/food quicker from the bar than waiting for room service. Despite this small glitch, I would highly recommend this resort!
for Couplesby A verified traveler from Dallas, TX
Couples paradisePosted Jun 29, 2015
Pros: Loved that we were on the first floor and walked out the door to the lazy river. The grounds were beautiful and the staff was amazing.
Cons: The pools were a bit warm.
Location: You won't want to leave. The resort provides so much that you don't need to go anywhere else. We did take a Catamaran ride to Isla Mujeres that was fu
If you are wanting a romantic vacation this is the place. They cater to you and treat you like a star. The resort is beautiful, great beach, great entertainment. We met several couples that have been coming back 3 times or more. We would definitely return.
for Everyoneby A verified traveler from Pennsylvania
Stop looking and just go!Posted Jun 29, 2015
Pros: The people; which made everything excellent
Cons: more pizza ovens but they were building another one as we left
Location: we just stayed at the resort but Isla Mujeres is very close. we had to leave a reason to return!
The best resort experience we have had. Excellente!! Grounds, Hotel, Pools, Bars, Beach, Excellence Club. These people care if you have a good vacation.
for Everyoneby A verified traveler from m
Posted Jun 27, 2015
Great place and the food was amazing Staff was so friendly and all our needs were met to the highest ability
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
Great Experience!!Posted Jun 27, 2015
We had the most amazing time! The facility is amazing, the hotel staff goes above and beyond to make you feel at home, the food is incredible, and the room is unbelievable! I would go back in a second!
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
Posted Jun 26, 2015
Excellent resort, beautiful grounds, pool like beachfront
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
Posted Jun 25, 2015
Great experience. The staff was amazing. Good food. Beautiful resort.
for Couplesby A verified traveler from Montreal
Everything you need to enjoy a wonderful vacation.Posted Jun 25, 2015
Cons: Would be nice if we had more time for archery. I was having fun, but with one target and so many people I barely got to try.
Location: We chose to go to mexico because there are a lot of historical sites nearby, so if you get tired of indulging in food and swimming, you could site see
This year was our second trip to an Excellence resort. The first visit was to the one in Riviera Maya, this time we went to Excellence Playa Mujeres near Cancun. The only real difference this time around was the beach seemed a lot nicer. Otherwise, prepare to get whatever your heart desires in terms of food and service. If you like alcohol, have as much of it as you would like, your room is fully stocked! My wife was pregnant this time around so we were quite content to wade around in the many pools or take a swim in the ocean. The quality of food in the restaurants is as much as you can expect (though only some of the desserts were truly exceptional). The staff is friendly and very accomadating. If I had any complaints it would be the occasional (maybe 2 occasions in 7 days) damp smell you would notice in a restaurant from a wet cloth being used too often. Also, I was really excited to try archery one day, but with only one target, it meant that everyone only got a few shots in for one hour. Maybe the activities could be expanded so for something like archery, we can spend the better part of the time shooting arrows. These are very minor complaints just for the sake of a review. I could not have asked for a better vacation and would gladly go back, especially for the price.


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Paignton crash left sparking electricity cables lying near fuel
Posted: October 22, 2012|
Comments (0) A driver escaped the scene of a potentially serious fire in Paignton this morning.At 5.27am a van overturned on the A385 Totnes Road outside the Devon Hill Holiday park.The crash brought down an electricity pylon and power cables.Police, paramedics and Western Power were called to the scene where police say live wires were lying alongside fuel which had leaked from the van.The driver of the white Ford Transit van was out of the vehicle when emergency services arrived. He was said to be suffering from shock and was taken to Torbay Hospital as a precaution.Traffic soon built up in the area and by 7am Blagdon Road was gridlocked.Police urged drivers not to head through Tweenway Cross.Western Power hope to have the pylon repaired by midday.
Head-on crash near Exeter Airport leaves two in serious condition
Overturned car on A377
Head-on crash near Exeter Airport leaves two in serious condition
Devon rail commuters delayed after woman killed on tracks
Ambulance and car crash in Paignton
Overturned car on A377
Man airlifted to hospital after a stolen digger overturns near Barnstaple


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Teen Mom
Leah Messer on Marriage to Jeremy Calvert: "It's Different From Corey"
Leah Messer got married for the second time last year, not even a year after her divorce from Corey Simms. But the Teen Mom 2 star knows this marriage, to Jeremy Calvert, will last.
"We have a really good connection," Leah told Us Weekly.
"It's different from Corey and my relationship, because we were kinda like forcing it."
Leah's second wedding was a small, secret affair. The couple's mothers served as witnesses, with Leah's twin daughters Ali and Aleeah looking on.
The nuptials were captured by MTV cameras, and will likely air in 2013 on the fourth season of Teen Mom 2.
And while Leah and Jeremy have only known each other since last August, she has no doubts about their future.
"With Jeremy, you know when you're supposed to be with somebody and you're not," she said.
Good for Leah!
Source: Us Weekly
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More American Brittany Puppies and Dogs for sale.
Brittany puppies! Champion Bloodlin... Spanish Fork Brittanys in Spanish Fork, Utah
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Litter Announcement - Champion Bloodline... Spanish Fork Brittanys in Spanish Fork, Utah
Kennel Reduction Adult Females For Sale Frosty Meadows Kennel in Mt. Pleasant, Texas
Brittany Males & 1 Female Ready 7-4 Ariels Kennels in Nacogdoches, Texas
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Fancy and flashy AKC Brittany pups! Be ... Austin Creek Farms in Hayden, Alabama
AKC BRITTANY PUPS Fife Kennels in RUPERT, Idaho
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AKC Male Brittany Winnen's Kennel in Wattsburg, PA, Pennsylvania
EXCEPTIONAL LITTER OF BRITTANYS!!!! - American Brittanys in Connelly Springs, North Carolina - Smokingun Brittanys
Beautiful litter of Brittanys whelped on May 11 out of FC/AFC P & J's Rimrock and Smoke's Shooting Star. The sire of this litter, "Rim" is an extremely stylish dog that is at home in the chukar hills of Oregon or on any field trial ground. Rim has competed, and held his own, against the best pointers and setters in several American Field Championships in the Northwest. His AKC field trial record is found here: http://www.remekvizslas.net/dog.php4?id=23246.
Rim's sire is NFC/FC Sandee's Blazing Shane, who won the prestigious 2008 AKC National Gundog Championship amidst an impressive field of 100 dogs representing the best of all the hunting breeds. Shane is one of the finest Brittany sires of the past few years. His progeny includes Spanish Corral's Sundance Kid, the National Amateur Brittany All Age Champion in 2011.
Following in his sire's footsteps, Rim has distinguished himself in the field trial realm, achieving both his AKC field championship and amateur field championship before age four. Rim is a big running gundog who wins all-age stakes as well.
What sets Rim apart is his strong forward run, enthusiasm, style on point, and natural bird sense. He has extremely tough feet and strong confirmation, never having missed a day hunting due to a blown pad or lameness. His owner reports that at six years old, he has 250 days in the field hunting chukar, quail and Huns, and has never had a day off due to lameness or sore pads. His gate is a very long easy stride the type of effortless, graceful run that is easy on the joints and enables him to hunt all day, and be ready to go again the next day.
Even as a young puppy, Rim had a beautiful and natural forward hunting pattern. Rim is what a bird dog should be: forward, biddable, excellent nose, great bird sense, natural retriever, and a natural backer with plenty of run. Rim is also a house dog: affectionate, level headed and loyal, without an aggressive bone in his body. He lives for two things to please his owner and to hunt birds.
The mother of these pups is my female Smoke's Shooting Star. Star is a direct daughter of 10X NSTRA Champion Beeline Bullet's Proof and her grandsire is the legendary 32X NSTRA Champion Nolan's Last Bullet. Star is an extremely hard hunting dog with a ton of drive and style. She has an unbelievable determination when hunting birds and is not intimidated at all by the toughest of cover. With an excellent nose and her amazing determination, she is an outstanding bird finder. She flips gears when at home however and is very gentle, affectionate and is very eager to please. Both Star and Rim are OFA Good.
These pups should have all it takes to excel in field trials as well as making outstanding wild birddogs. They have an unbelievable pedigree including such legendary Brittanys as San-Dee's Blazing Shane, Nolan's Last Bullet, Beans Blaze, Hi Proof Rumrunner and Renegade's Kansas Kid to name a few. They will be ready to go home around the first of July and will be up to date on all wormings and vaccinations as well as being well socialized. I have one female and two males available. Please call or email for more pics or other info.
Ad location: Connelly Springs, North Carolina
Ad created: May 18, 2014
Contact Information
Contact Name: Eric Lowman
828-874-0815Contact breeder through email
Smokingun Brittanys Breeder Information
My Classified Pictures


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New Year's Eve 2014 Party at Artis-Naples(formerly The Philharmonic Center For The Arts) - Naples, FL early @ Tuesday December 31, 2013.Grab Your Tickets @ http://tinyurl.com/os6oeqq
The Philharmonic Center hosts over 400 events a year including world-class theater, dance, comedy, classical and popular music.
very nice place !!!
Check out the sitting areas outside the box seats. Great to sit down and relax between performances.


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Greeting to one and all Friends and Fellow Artists.
With Christmas now in the rear view and New Years left to go I thought no better time then the present to end my winter card series and to unveil a new series pertaining to Bryce and have decided to call it Objects and Shapes.
Basically got the idea from MoonHawk and the most awesome things that's been coming from her gallery using Bryce which was my inspiration behind this new series.
So I thought to begin exploring other avenues of Bryce and see what else this program is capable of and you'll see them as I create them moving forward and what a better way to bring in image #300 but with a new series.
So without further ado I would like to present you with Bryce "Objects and Shapes" for your viewing pleasure....(smiles)..
The 1st images/art since we are still in proximity to Christmas was to share these Christmas Ornaments in a collage I created and will probably be an every Wednesday thing and tomorrow in the late afternoon I'll be back on track with "Fractal Factory Fridays".
See You Then!
Created in Bryce Pro 7 using basic objects and shapes with added post work in Photoshop Elements 8.
Hope everyone had a safe and joyous Christmas or at least best as possible under the current circumstances.
New Years is next!
Dec 27, 2012 4:54:09 pmby Savage_dragon Homepage »
Oooo. Nicely done! You know I may be asking to bum some of these, right? ;}
Dec 27, 2012 5:02:34 pmby Richardphotos Homepage »
beautiful work. my favorite are the top and next to the bottom
Dec 27, 2012 5:04:54 pmby Star4mation Homepage »
Super Brycework! I think I like the blue one best :)
Dec 27, 2012 5:12:26 pmby eekdog Homepage »
a 4 x masterpiece Will. they are so colorful and beautiful designs, and congrats on your 300th, looking forward to the next 300 and beyond.. Happy New Year..
Dec 27, 2012 5:12:34 pmby adrie Online Now! Homepage »
Those are some gorgeous design Will, with amazingly beautiful mix of colors.
Superb artwork....love it.
Dec 27, 2012 5:20:57 pmby sandra46 Homepage »
Dec 27, 2012 5:23:35 pmby Maxidyne Homepage »
Fantastic work Will.
I especially like the blue one :)
Dec 27, 2012 5:23:56 pmby tetrasnake Homepage »
Amazing work!
Well done!
Dec 27, 2012 5:26:08 pmby bakapo Homepage »
fascinating work, really interesting designs and colors.
Dec 27, 2012 5:34:15 pmby SidheRoseGraphics Homepage »
Very festive looking pieces Will! Nicely done :)
Dec 27, 2012 5:34:59 pmby Faemike55 Homepage »
looks like Christmas decorations gone wild! soon to be a new reality show!
Great Bryce work
Dec 27, 2012 5:37:22 pmby claude19 Homepage »
beautiful works with a great palette of colors !!! splendid and very impressive my dear ArtFriend !!!
Dec 27, 2012 5:51:16 pmby mgtcs Homepage »
Splendid image my friend, excellent colors and marvelous depth! Fine piece!
Dec 27, 2012 6:17:40 pmby flavia49 Homepage »
excellent pictures!! fantastic colors
Dec 27, 2012 6:18:47 pmby UVDan Homepage »
The reactor room.
Dec 27, 2012 6:38:47 pmby brycek Homepage »
They are all beautiful..excellent work!!
Dec 27, 2012 6:44:26 pmby memorylane Homepage »
Hello Will, Wow how beautiful and I love the colors:)Well, we got through Christmas ! I hope that you had a blessed Christmas and all your hopes and dreams came true ! We had a nice Christmas and the kids were very busy with all the things that Santa brought for them. I cannot believe that 2013 is almost here. 2013 wow ! I better start writing 2013 or I I will be writing 2012 in 2013 ! Try to say that 3 times:) Well, I had better get) I am working on some photography projects and I need to try and finish this evening. I hope that you are doing well and as always, please be safe when you are on the roads and try and stay warm! Until the next time that I see you here, I am sending a whole lot of Hugs to you up there in your neck of the woods so keep your eyes open and your arms stretched out:) Hugs, Rose:)
Dec 27, 2012 6:45:05 pmby moonhawk Homepage »
Okay Will, you blew my socks off with these! Very nicely done, totally gorgeous and do NOT ask me to pick a favorite!!
Ahem - you got the idea from Moonhawk and HIS work? Excuse me, Moonhawk is a HER, thank you very much! LOL
Dec 27, 2012 6:45:39 pmby barryjeffer Homepage »
Wow Will, nice stuff here man. Very creative and totally beautiful~
Dec 27, 2012 7:01:53 pmby greyone Homepage »
These are really stunning Will. They have wonderful perception of depth to them. In some ways it reminds me of MB3D images. Especially with the IFS formulas.
Dec 27, 2012 7:10:48 pmby mickeyrony Homepage »
A nice trio great colors and work . I like the blue one ((5++))
Dec 27, 2012 7:16:16 pmby Glendaw Homepage »
Well it looks like you and your Mrs. have a lot of Christmas baubles and decorations to put away.
Awesome colors,lighting and depth.
Great start on a new series,really looking forward to what you bring on.
Wonderful Christmas here and again thanks for the card it was a beautiful gift.
Happy New Year to you and your family Will.
Dec 27, 2012 7:16:49 pmby Shroom_Magic3D Online Now! Homepage »
A touch of Bryce Perfection Will they are stunning pieces my friend a hearty round of applause!well done!
Dec 27, 2012 7:36:38 pmby three_grrr Homepage »
Oh my, I'd like one of each except the blue, I want a half dozen of them. They will look spectacular on my Christmas tree!!
Dec 27, 2012 7:53:30 pmby bebopdlx Homepage »
Cool abstract.
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34 year old man | Perrineville, NJ, USA | Seeking women 25-35 within 10 miles of Belmar, NJ
I bought a record with all the latest grooves, a book of love with all the latest moves.
I guess I have to do this. I'm a good person. I was taught morals and values as a child and still live by them. I will open the door for you, hopefully you will unlock my door before I get to it. Bonus question? I'm not a liar because I don't approve and I'm bad at it. Any situation in life, if you want it to work out, a lie isn't the way to do it. I'm not a cheater, never have been. I wouldn't do that to someone I care about. I'm looking for a relationship. It's hard to say my type. You know the person is right when you meet them. I won't keep it going just to hook. That doesn't mean If we meet and it doesn't work out I won't be a gentleman. To get to know you I would rather meet or at least talk on the phone instead of messaging. I will say this. You will never catch me at DJ's, ever! If that was not enough information about me please ask any questions that may interest you.
Coffee and conversation , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Wine tasting
Auto racing / Motorcross, Martial arts, Other types of exercise
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
Middle of the Road
Sushi, Mexican, Italian ,classic rock, Boardwalk Empire, Breaking Bad, The Walking Dead, Being Human, Shameless, Califorication.
Too Fat To Fish, I hope they serve beer in hell
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Safco Products Company Vue Series Mesh Extended Height Chair
Safco Products Company Vue Series Mesh Extended Height Chair
Additional Documents
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Drafting chairs
|Style: Contemporary
|Base Material: Metal; Plastic
|Exterior Seat Material: Fabric; Mesh
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Upholstered: Yes
|Back Height: Mid-back
|Adjustable Height: Yes
|Ergonomic: Yes
|Casters: Yes
|Armed: No
|Commercial Use: Yes
|Assembly Required: Yes
|Tools Needed: Phillips Head Screwdriver
|Additional Parts Required: No
|CARB Compliant: Yes
|ANSI BIFMA Compliant: Yes
|GSA Approved: Yes
|Greenguard Certified: No
About the ManufacturerSafco Products Company, a division of Liberty Diversified International, was founded over 40 years ago. Since then, Safco has grown to be a leading provider of organization and comfort enhancing products for the workplace. Their product offering ensures high quality, up market design, at mid-market prices and surrounded by remarkable service.
Today, they are proud to offer over 2,200 premier products that have been designed to fit the needs of individuals and the way they work, while meeting the needs for organization in the workplace, home, school, or where ever they work.
Safco Products Company Vue Series Mesh Extended Height Chair
Questions & Answers (1)
"Hi, what is the seat height of this chair?" asked by Elijah
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
Customer Reviews
|5 star
|4 star
|3 star
|2 star
|1 star
Extended height, smooth rolling, comfortable and supportive for artists
Noel from Washington – Verified Buyer
I needed a drafting chair to use with my higher than normal studio work table. I was unsure about the quality of this chair, because the price is so reasonable, but I loved the way it looked. After using it for artwork the last two months, I am more than delighted with it. Although the casters are plastic, and it is on a cement floor, they roll fluidly and show no excessive signs of wear. The seat adjustment is incredibly smooth and easy. I love that I can sit down, grab the edge of my work table, and glide into position almost without effort. Smooth as butter!. If on carpet, I would use a hard chair mat beneath it to assure this mobility. The chair was simple for one person to assemble, using its clear instructions. The chrome foot ring is a very tight fit on the center pole. During assembly, it might seem like it will not slide into place, but if you stand directly over the center, and push down with two hands, one across from the other, it will adjust to the height you desire. Then tighten the knob, and it will stay exactly where you put it. It is very comfortable. The seat cushion is soft yet supportive. The back is breathable and allows you to lean back for a stretch after hours of bending forward for close work. The chair is not tippy, which makes it a must-have for working on creative projects such as drafting, writing, jewelry making, etc. When considering this chair, I researched many other expensive chairs, but I do not think I could have found one more satisfying, in terms of design and ergonomics, for even hundreds of dollars more. Highly recommended!
Extended Height Chair used for our drafters
Susan from Muncy, PA – Verified Buyer
This chair is made of good quality. We are very happy with the way chair works for our drafting department.
Great chair
Suzan Griffin from Fresno, CA – Verified Buyer
Arrived withiin 2 days and was easy to asemble. Base is more compact than most to save space. Easy to adjust and has great back support.
OUR SKU # SF4431Vue Series Mesh Extended Height Chair is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 3395BL


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Youth baseball: Little League, Junior League teams open section play this weekend
NAPLES - As if the prospects of a championship weren't enough, the Greater Naples all-stars will have added motivation when they start the Little League Section 6 tournament Saturday.
The Greater Naples 11- and 12-year-olds finished with a 2-1 record at last year's section, which wouldn't be bad if it weren't for South Fort Myers finishing unbeaten. Greater Naples lost to South in the team's first game last summer, sending the Lee County team to the state finals and ending the Naples squad's season.
At this year's Little League section tourney, which is in North Port, the two local teams once again will square off in the first game.
"South Fort Myers is always good," Greater Naples coach Rick Pearce said. "They'll probably be the team to beat. We expect to hold our own up there, so we'll see what happens."
The youth baseball all-star season also continues this weekend for the Greater Naples juniors, who begin their Section 6 tournament Friday at Sam Fleishman Regional Park in Fort Myers.
Both Greater Naples teams hope pitching will carry them to championships this summer. Both also are banking on experience gained at last year's section tournaments.
The juniors haven't seen much action this summer. In a two-team district, Greater Naples won the best-of-three championship series in just two games.
Rust could be another factor for the juniors. When Greater Naples takes the field Saturday, it will have been nearly four weeks since the all-stars won the district title on June 29.
Coach Phil Manhardt said his team will be ready thanks to an intense couple of weeks leading up to the Section 6 tournament.
"It's a great bunch of kids who work real well together," Manhardt said. "It's up to them now, and they've been working hard. They're definitely ready to play some more games."
The Greater Naples 11-12s haven't had as much of a break. They won their district on July 3 and also got more work than the juniors. The little leaguers played five games in the district, winning all of them.
Pearce said pitching will be an advantage for his team this weekend, when it has to play three games in two days.
"We've got 10 pitchers on the team," the Greater Naples coach said. "If I need someone to go in there, everybody can step up and be able to pitch. That's great to have."
As for the South Fort Myers little league players, they're looking for a repeat of a year ago when they went 3-0 in the section tournament to get to the state finals.
"This is one step in our journey," South shortstop and pitcher Gus Cunningham said.
Staff writer Kevin Johnson contributed to this article. Connect with Adam Fisher at naplesnews.com/staff/adam_fisher.
Subscribe to the Naples Daily News
Need Help? Call us at 1-888-878-6842.
Monday-Friday: 6am-6pm / Saturday: 7am-3pm / Sunday: 7am-2pm


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Crucial, a leading global brand of memory and server memory, today announced the 64GB Crucial DDR3L Load-Reduced DIMMs (LRDIMMs) for servers, which enable more DIMMs per channel for up to twice the installed memory capacity per server. Additionally, these modules offer up to a 35 percent increase in memory bandwidth per server compared to standard DIMMs, and eliminate the channel ranking limitation of standard DDR3 registered DIMMs. The Crucial DDR3L LRDIMMs is designed for IT professionals that manage high-end server environments with demanding workloads.
Tag Archive: 64GB DDR3L
64GB DDR3L Crucial LRDIMMs Double Server Memory Capacity
12 September 2013
Tags: 64GB DDR3L, Crucial, LRDIMM, Memory Module
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Pronunciation: braggist
Added on: 2012-02-24 Listened: 14 timesin: internet site, names
Pronunciation in English [en]
- Pronunciation by agosta (Male from United States)
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