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High School Sports
Multi-sport coverage from the Express-News staff.
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Football: Friday night live chat
Join Express-News writers Blake Hurtik and Lorne Chan for a live football chat at 7:15 p.m. on Friday night. Lorne is at Lehnhoff Stadium for No. 1 Steele vs. No. 2 Wagner. Blake is at Heroes Stadium for No. 3 Reagan vs. No. 8 Johnson. mySA high schools chat [Read More]
Football: Week 9 Podcast
Ready for your dessert after Steele/Judson. How about Steele/Wagner? And how abut a half dozen games with huge playoff implications? Full yet? Blake and Lorne bring you all the info you need to fill your HS football appetite this week. [Read More]
Football: Inside the Rankings, Week 9
Some historic shifting going on in the rankings this week, as three new teams break into the top 10s. Why historic? Those Brennan Bears make an appearance for the first time in their very short history. Class 5A 1. Steele (8-0) Last ranking: No. 1 Last game: Defeated No. 4 Judson 34-20 The reason: Congrats […] [Read More]
Football: Top Performers, Week 8
Two weeks left in the regular season, and the area's best aren't slowing. If anything, they're playing better. Here's to you, Ben Mata. Passing 1. Dub Yarborough, Alamo Heights: 15 of 19 for 231 yards and 4 TDs With Wes Yancy injured, the spotlight was all Big Daddy Dub's in a big win over Kyle […] [Read More]
Football: Saturday night live chat
Check in here for updates for all the Saturday night football action. Blake Hurtik is at Gustafson Stadium for Warren/O'Connor. Lorne Chan is at Heroes Stadium for Johnson/Churchill. Saturday night live chat [Read More]
Football: The 27-5A playoff race/mess
We've gotten a bunch of questions via our chats, Twitter and comments about what the heck is going on in District 27-5A. There seems to be an eye-brow-raising upset each week: O'Connor over Brandeis…then Jay over O'Connor. As we head into Week 8, seven teams are competing for four spots. Three teams (Brandeis, O'Connor and […] [Read More]
Football: Wednesday live chat
Lots to talk about this week. Madison/Reagan, the mess that is the 27-5A playoff race. Oh, and, yeah, that whole Steele/Judson game Thursday. I guess that's a big deal. Join Blake and Lorne right here at 1 p.m. for your mid-week football fix. Wednesday Football Chat [Read More]
Express-News Plays of the Week: 7
Every Tuesday, the Express-News nominates five high school football plays for the play of the week. You get to decide the winner in the Plays of the Week poll. Voting ends Friday each week. Please submit your suggestions for plays of the week by 9 a.m. Tuesday to Lorne Chan at firstname.lastname@example.com. Week 6 winner: […] [Read More]
Football: Podcast Week 8
We may as well call Week 8 "Judson/Steele Week," but there are plenty of other interesting matchups to fit your fancy. Join Blake and Lorne for another extended podcast to break down all the action. Beginning-7:25 — Judson/Steele 7:25-12:15 — Madison/Reagan 12:15-19:25 — What the heck is up with Northside? 19:25-end — The rest of […] [Read More]
Football: Inside the Rankings, Week 8
The week everyone (well, at least in Converse and Cibolo) had circled on their calendar this year is finally here: Steele/Judson is Thursday. But that's not the only matchup featuring ranked teams. Check it. Class 5A 1. Steele (7-0) Last ranking: No. 1 Last game: Defeated No. 9 New Braunfels 35-16 The reason: The showdown […] [Read More]
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Leonard Street, Belmont MA Center
A long holiday weekend and some predictions of rain make for an interesting combination. Hopefully there will be some dry time to enjoy some fun fall activities because you can visit Open Houses in any kind of weather. Visiting Open Houses around the town is great way for a potential Buyer to get to know the property inventory in a town as well as the pricing strategy.Speaking of getting to know the town, stop in at a lunch spot or a local shop to get the feel for the community, like Cafe Burrito on Trapelo Road for the best "make your own burritos" in the area before you start your house/condo hunting. And here's the info you'll need for that:
This week the Multiple Listing Service is currently showing 70 active properties for Belmont MA Real Estate. 32 singles, $1,249,744 average listing price / 31 condos, $600,652 average listing price / 7 multi-family homes, $584,700 average listing price with new properties being added daily. In the pending sales category MLS lists a total of 7 properties in the past week.
Most of the available properties can be seen at Open Houses or with a scheduled appointment with an Avenue 3 Real Estate Agent!
There are Belmont MA 8 Open Houses this weekend and among them are a few newly listed properties that we at Avenue 3 thought you may find interesting based on asking price, location and amenities:
1. Single: 10 Ivy Road $789,000
2. Condo: 98 Lexington Street $520,000
If you're tempted to take a look at all the Belmont MA Open Houses or Open houses in other Massachusetts communities, you can right here: Avenue 3 Open House Search
And while you're at it, search all current and available in Belmont MA here: Avenue 3 Belmont MA Property Search
Do you question how the market drives the asking price? The answer is in the recently (6 months) sold properties. Be in the know and register to get the info!
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Avenue 3 Real Estate, MA Realtors | 125 Cambridge Park Drive Suite 301 | Cambridge, MA 02140 | 857.209.5037 | firstname.lastname@example.com
© 2014 Avenue 3 Real Estate, LLC®, Realtor®. Equal Housing Opportunity, unauthorized duplication, use or linkage is prohibited.Avenue 3 | 125 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 301, Cambridge, MA, 02140Phone: 857-209-5037 | Email: email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Students are invited to join NWU faculty and staff as we kick off Nebraska Wesleyan University's storytelling project.
Nebraska Wesleyan University has been awarded a Network for Vocation in Undergraduate Education (NetVUE) grant by the the Council of Independent Colleges and Lilly Endowment, Inc. Throughout the semester we will involve as many staff, faculty and students as possible in the storytelling activities so we can reflect on our rich history, funny and/or special moments, lessons learned and community experiences.
To kick off this project, nationally known humorist and storyteller, T. Marni Voss, will share her gift for humor and storytelling. This event will be held Tuesday, February 26 from 4:30-6 p.m. in Callen Conference Center.


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Florress - Local Area Photos and Information
Local Area Photos | Local Business Directory | Local Real Estate | Local Employment Center
Florress is a populated place located in Morgan County at latitude 37.885 and longitude -83.177.
The elevation is 817 feet. Florress appears on the Lenox U.S. Geological Survey Map. Morgan County is in the Eastern Time Zone (UTC -5 hours).
Morgan County: Cities & Towns | ZIP Codes | Schools | Features (airports, churches, hospitals, etc.)
BOUNDARY MAPS: | Elkfork-Ophir Division | Morgan County
Florress - Searchable Map, Aerial Photos & Driving Directions
|BIG Map |
Driving Directions |
Data Source - USGS GNIS FID: 508018
BOUNDARY MAPS: | Elkfork-Ophir Division | Morgan County
Nearby Cities, Towns & Census Designated Places
Cottle, KY
(1.4 miles W)
White Oak, KY (2.4 miles SW)
Matthew, KY (2.4 miles SSE)
Cisco, KY (3.4 miles SE)
Elamton, KY (3.4 miles NNE)
Gordon Ford, KY
(3.4 miles W)
Logville, KY (3.9 miles ESE)
Dingus, KY (4.3 miles ENE)
Malone, KY (4.5 miles WSW)
Bloomington, KY (5.1 miles SSE)
Nearby Neighborhoods, Subdivisions & Other Small Populated Places
Florress, KY
(< 0.1 mile)
Odfield Mobile Home Park, KY (1.9 miles SW)
Cindas Creek, KY (9.3 miles ENE)
Adele, KY (11.1 miles SW)
Crafts Fork, KY (14.9 miles S)


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Jumper: Griffin's Story
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The potential for online retail growth
I'm currently updating my Ebusiness and Ecommerce Management book to the sixth edition for publication in 2014. It's interesting to look back at the growth of online sales and think forward to how much further they can grow at the expense of traditional channels. Overall percentage of Ecommerce retail sales are perhaps, surprisingly small at around 5% of sales in the US and 10% in the UK, but with sustained growth. The data for Europe suggests growth rates of 10 to 20%, so for businesses forecasting their future growth rates, the growth target should match or exceed this.
Rather than including charts that date in the book, I will be linking through to pages like this one where readers can find the latest figures from the best sources. Unfortunately, the most valuable category-specific data isn't available, but it's interesting to look at the overall trends in major markets.
US Ecommerce sales
The US Government has been cataloguing the trend of percentage of ecommerce sales since the first edition of my book was published and you see there has been steady growth since. Although the overall percentage of sales is not as high as might be expected.
US E-commerce sales in 2012 accounted for 5.2 percent of total sales
UK Ecommerce sales growth
In the UK, similar historical government data isn't available, but the IMRG has catalogued the growth in E-retail sales for an even longer period with the chart below showing the importance of the Christmas period well. The government does report Ecommerce sales in its monthly retail sales reports which shows a higher figure than the US with…
UK online percentage of retail sales of 10.4% of total retail sales
Ecommerce sales growth in Europe
Across Europe Forrester has compiled trends of annual online sales growth rates (CAGR) varying from 2012 to 2017 of between 9% at the low end, for the Netherlands, up to 18% and 16% for Spain and Italy respectively, the fastest growing European markets over the forecast period. So, as you would expect, the countries with the highest adoption such as the Netherlands and the UK (at 10%) have lower growth rates.
For other countries eMarketer has a compilation of Ecommerce current sales growth where they report that Ecommerce sales topped $1 Trillion for the first time in 2013.
They report that due to growth in Asia-Pacific region and China in particular:
In 2013 worldwide Ecommerce sales worldwide will grow 18.3% to $1.298 trillion
eMarketer estimates that Asia-Pacific will overtake North America to become the world's No. 1 market for B2C ecommerce sales.


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advantages of a patient registry in the primary care setting
Certainly the federal government's effort to dramatically change healthcare here in the United States is a hot topic. I have seen many articles online in healthcare blogs, financial sites such as the Wall Street Journal's and Modern Healthcare's, and in printed media, such as Time magazine. There are many points of view but all seem to focus on controlling costs while improving access. In my opinion, one key to success is improving access to primary care while focusing more on prevention and management of chronic diseases in this setting.
Making the changes in the primary care setting will be difficult, to say the least. One tool that can help a lot is the patient registry, an IT tool that is much like a "to do calendar." Registries range in features from one or two functions to multifunction. A simple one can be created by an individual using Microsoft Excel; you can find out how to do this in the April 2006 "Family Practice Management."
WellCentive is one company which offers multifunctional registries. No matter the complexity, though, the intent is to remind physicians about needed care for their current patients. For instance, a registry could remind a practice that patient X with type 2 diabetes is due for an a1c test within two weeks. Then a staff member can contact the patient if the patient has not already made an appointment and make arrangements for the test and other blood work before coming in to the office. This tool greatly expands the reach of the physician in prevention and management of chronic diseases as it helps get those patients who might otherwise neglect making appointments in to the office at the right time. Without this tool it was next to impossible for physicians to keep track of these forgetful patients.
A simple registry as detailed in the April 2006 issue of "Family Practice Management (which you can find online for free, by the way) has only a few features, such as the patient name, contact information for the patient, the upcoming needed care and when it is due, if not past due. WellCentive's online registry has all these features and much more. For instance:
? Direct reporting to payers for pay-for performance
? Collects both administrative and clinical data
? CMS PQRI certified data collection and reporting
? Point of care decision support
? Patient portal
? Population management tools
Physicians who use online services such as this find that they pay for themselves while improving patient outcomes and income.
There is much support for registries from a variety of sources. For example, the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) in its accreditation program for the patient-center medical home supports the use of registries for many of its standards. For example,
? A system for managing patient data, such as preferred method of communication
? Guidelines for evidence-based treatment
? Lab reports and test results
The Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative (PCPPC) also supports registries. Jim Clifford, a contact of mine at WellCentive (WellCentive is on the executive board of PCPPC), stated that at the March Medical Home Summit in Philadelphia, many physicians spoke in support of adopting registries instead of or in addition to Electronic Medical Records (EMR's). I find this amazing, given that the federal government will be providing a substantial monetary incentive to practices adopting EMR's. It may be that when HHS adopts its final rules for certifying which electronic systems qualify for the health stimulus that registries may be included.


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Espresso Machines - Stainless Steel Frothing Wand
Why wait in line in at the cafe when you can make great tasting coffee at home? We're confident that we can help you find a machine that best fits your personal needs. Browse our large selection of espresso machines from top manufacturers, watch our videos and join the conversation on our Community. Still can't decide? Give us a call, we love to talk coffee!
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Youngest dragster on Green Lake?
Tucker Fredeen, 6, of Pennock, was probably the youngest racer Saturday during the Spicer Winterfest snowmobile drag races on Green Lake. Racers from around the region took part. The event featured many vintage sleds as well as the modern ones.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can help you.


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Ava Gardner Museum →
Ava Gardner (1922-1990) was born in Smithfield, NC, a little over an hour away from the UNC-CH campus. The state of North Carolina is incredibly lucky to have such a unique museum chronicling the life of one of film's greatest stars. Known for her roles in The Killers, The Barefoot Contessa, and The Night of the Iguana, Gardner's life and the museum's collection will be discussed at 7 PM in 304 Manning Hall on 4/19/2012. This night will be a wonderful breath of fresh air during the final push of the Spring semester!


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Enter your Email Address and click 'Continue' Example: email@example.com Submit Cancel Forgot Password Close /GarnetHill/US/Global/Popups/forgot_password Enter your email address:
false pdp {"scheme":"product1_cr"}
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Gathered-Detail Silk Dress - Regular 14 14
second silk dress I bought second of these dresses for my daughter - she loves the black one, so I also bought this fuschia color - they are great, the fit is flattering, they are elegant and simple. comfortable too! and easy to pack! August 22, 2014
Short and not true to size. I liked the quality and look of the dress but returned it because it was a bit tight in the waist and shorter than I expected. August 17, 2014
Wanted to Love this dress Just received my dress, a little on the short side for me, but I like this dress. Undecided as yet if I am going to keep it. Bought a similiar style dress from here 3 yrs ago and I always get tons of compliments when I wear it, thought this dress would be the same, but love Garnet Hill dresses. June 13, 2014
Very pretty and nice This is a nice dress. I am 5'4" and 128pds. I ordered a small and it fit fine. the color is beautiful and the fabric is good quality but it just didn't look right on me. I would definatly recommend it though. December 13, 2013
cheap material, overpriced I had such high hopes for this dress, but alas, not to be realized. Material was thin, rough & easily wrinkled, not at all the high quality silk I was expecting from the description and for the price. Very disappointing. December 11, 2013
Not a winner The fit, the fabric and the deep cleavage baring cut all made this a quick return. I usually wear a 2P but ordered the 4P because of reviews. It was not even close to fitting. Very disappointing experience. December 7, 2013
Product:29633-Gathered-Detail Silk Dress


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Georgia State will play Georgia Southern on Dec. 22 in the non-conference portion of its men's basketball schedule, which was released Tuesday.
The Panthers will open the Ron Hunter era at the BTI Tournament in Seattle on Nov. 12. The field also includes Washington, Portland and Florida Atlantic.
The Panthers will take on McNeese State in its first non-conference home game on Nov. 18.
The CAA schedule will come out later this year. All times are TBA.
Oct. 31 Southern Poly (Exh.) Atlanta, Ga.
Nov. 5 Oglethorpe (Exh.) Atlanta, Ga.
Nov. 12 Washington, Portland, FAU Seattle
Nov. 13 Washington, Portland, FAU Seattle
Nov. 14 Washington, Portland, FAU Seattle
Nov. 18 McNeese State
Nov. 22 at Samford
Nov. 26 Liberty
Nov. 29 at South Carolina State
Dec. 1 FIU
Dec. 10 Rhode Island
Dec. 17 at Utah Valley State
Dec. 22 Georgia Southern
Colonial Athletic Association Championship
Mar. 2-5 Fri.-Mon. at Richmond Coliseum Richmond, Va. tba
August 22nd, 2011
10:11 am
August 22nd, 2011
10:16 am
Oh yeah, bring it on!
August 22nd, 2011
10:17 am
Looks like Isaiah Thomas will be making a trip to GSU.
August 22nd, 2011
10:21 am
Thanks for the coverage Doug!
It may be the most exciting Fall and Winter seasons in Georgia State history. CRH has brought a tremendous energy level and optimism around our program.
August 22nd, 2011
10:29 am
Thanks for the update Doug! I'm excited about the CRH era to begin!
August 22nd, 2011
11:24 am
Haven't they played each other the past 2 seasons? Nothing new.
August 22nd, 2011
1:04 pm
Yea, Looks like the ADs are talking and maybe this will open up the door to a football matchup soon! GO GSU PANTHERS!!!! BLEED BLUE on September 2nd!!!
August 22nd, 2011
1:10 pm
5 home games. Can't wait to so how the guys play under CRH
August 22nd, 2011
1:39 pm
Glad to see this reads as "GSUs play each other". It IS possible for there to be more than one GSU, at least the AJC gets it.
August 22nd, 2011
1:41 pm
I wish Bill Curry wanted to play Georgia Southern in football. He says we have no need to play them right now, which is dissappointing.
August 22nd, 2011
3:17 pm
It's not so much that CBC doesn't want to play them, their AD doesn't want to play us. We reached out to them in 2009 and 2010. You need two to tango.
August 22nd, 2011
3:30 pm
Yes, we have been playing them in recent seasons, but there can be a legitimate rivalry here between us, especially if media outlets like the AJC cover these stories making it a big deal. It certainly is good for the university.
August 22nd, 2011
3:34 pm
State beat down Southern by 20 two years ago, and then choked on the road last season and lost in OT by a FG. I expect another 20+ point beat down, shouldn't be too difficult.
August 22nd, 2011
3:42 pm
Not all doubters will see which school is the REAL GSU!!
August 22nd, 2011
4:03 pm
Enter your comments here
August 22nd, 2011
4:03 pm
I was referring to the quote by Curry at the Pigskin Preview when he said that he didn't want to play Southern because they were too tough of an opponent. That, to me, was just dissappointing.
August 22nd, 2011
4:06 pm
I think the two schools should come up with a "Real GSU" trophy and make that the prize for winning.
August 22nd, 2011
4:53 pm
August 22nd, 2011
5:00 pm
there can be more that one GSU guys, there has been 3 OSU'S for years(ohio, oregon, oklahoma st) 2 SC'S(so cal & s carolina) and im sure there are more examples so lets get over it already.
August 22nd, 2011
5:15 pm
And this is news because . . .? These two teams have played each other the last two seasons. Shows how closely the AJC pays attention to both Georgia State and Georgia Southern basketball.
August 22nd, 2011
5:57 pm
no wonder no one wants to play for gsu, they don't play anybody. book some sec and acc schools, get on tv. do something!
August 22nd, 2011
7:20 pm
That out of conference schedule is much different than what KSU has under their new coach. I would like to see those 2 schools play each other though as a home and home every year.
August 22nd, 2011
8:16 pm
@ Marcus That's funny. We called Georgia and Georgia Tech and could not get a game scheduled. Tech refused because of the hot garbage on the roster.
Coach Hunter will play anyone, anywhere anytime. Don't believe me? Just ask him.
August 22nd, 2011
8:17 pm
@Nike 11 I expect KSU vs. Georgia State to be a regular series beginning in 2012-13.
August 22nd, 2011
10:43 pm
GStateBen, do you work for GSU? Seems like you do saying "We called Georgia and Georgia Tech". Otherwise, you didn't call.
August 23rd, 2011
8:40 am
I Hope Someday to See Georgia Southern, Ga. State, and KSU all play each other on a Regular Basis in Football and other sports. It would be good for all schools
August 23rd, 2011
9:31 am
Georgia Southern did call Ga. State to schedule a game and Ga. State declined.
August 23rd, 2011
9:59 am
I can confirm what RJ said. Georgia Southern did reach out and was denied a game for the immediate future. Hopefully, something in the next several years will happen.
August 23rd, 2011
11:18 am
I would like to play Georgia Southern, but we're a commuter school and Statesboro is a really long commute. That and they'd beat our brains in
August 23rd, 2011
4:17 pm
The toughest game on this schedule will be URI. Great job GSU for scheduling a quality opponent. I can't wait until the return trip back up here to the Ryan Center to watch the Panthers take on the Rams.
Go State!
August 23rd, 2011
10:17 pm
But not in the same state. Two GSU's in Georgia is one too many!
August 23rd, 2011
10:19 pm
@ Coach Curry
No, Georgia Southern is making this trip from Statesboro to Atlanta.
August 24th, 2011
2:07 am
Now will these schools invite Mercer in and make it a party. Even ambitiously include KSU and Savannah state for an annual cup to raise money for a Georgia based charity. That would at least educate students and supporters of these schools about Georgia related issues.
August 24th, 2011
9:19 am
I hope Ga Southern doesn't get their asses beat too bad this time.
August 24th, 2011
9:42 am
Pretty sure Ga Southern won the meeting last year, Jerk.
August 24th, 2011
12:37 pm
Pretty sure Ga Southern got their asses spanked the game before that.
August 24th, 2011
1:07 pm
Pretty sure it's 1-1 then.
August 24th, 2011
1:14 pm
And how many were blowouts?
August 24th, 2011
1:49 pm
The series however is much in Georgia Southern's favor. They lead 31-12. Georgia State should not have lost last year's game as Southern finished 5-27 and were 1-17 in their conference. State's last coach wasn't very good.
August 24th, 2011
2:39 pm
BTW, Erk Russell had 2 L's in his last name. Ga State fans can't even troll properly.
August 24th, 2011
10:09 pm
Well Southern fans can't read
August 25th, 2011
8:44 am
Man, when I need a great comeback, I'm going to Itsmeagain. Guy just spews them out.
August 25th, 2011
5:47 pm
Apparently, pointing out spelling errors is "proper" trolling. Thanks for that.
August 26th, 2011
9:26 am
7 days until kickoff
9 days since AJC coverage on GSU football
What's wrong with this picture?
August 26th, 2011
10:03 am
[...] Georgia State Basketball releases 2011/12 out-of-conference schedule – Circle December 22nd on your calendars for when we host rival Georgia Southern in the Sports Arena. Thread of the Week: Help us start a Georgia State tradition by purchasing a "Concrete Jungle" t-shirt! Reserve your shirt for pickup at the opening game PantherTalk tailgate but hurry, 1st run supplies are limited! This is the time traditions are born and we need your help. [...]
August 26th, 2011
10:54 am
Enter your comments here
August 26th, 2011
10:55 am
my bad! where is fball coverage?
August 26th, 2011
11:31 pm
State needs to drop Football and Southern needs to drop Basketball. Baseball or Golf can decide who is Ga Supreme U.
August 27th, 2011
10:17 am
Just a matter of time before Charlton Young gets the Georgia Southern program to the NCAAs again.
August 29th, 2011
8:45 am
Doug thanks for the reporting. Do you have any idea how we are doing on season ticket sales vs. last year?


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Written by:
Pieces of paper and pieces of strings.
Everywhere we can find pieces of things.
Pieces of cake, fruits, chocolates, and meat
and so many other good foods we can eat.
Sweet pieces of heaven and pieces of earth!
But pieces of some things have little worth.
There are pieces of cardboard, puzzles, and ice,
furniture, clothing, and even advice.
Pieces of wood and of mere plastic too
are screwed onto things or put on with glue.
We get pieces of jewelry, money and art.
but only one piece of (if not one's whole) heart!
Sometimes a person more than releases -
He picks, pulls or tears or smashes to pieces!
Folks fall to pieces, but as for me,
it's "thrilled to pieces" I wish to be!
For the Pieces poetry contest of Black Eyed Susan


text:
Please confirm that your email address is correct, so you can successfully receive this alert.
Received June 24, 2009; revisions received October 6, 2009, and Jan. 25 and March 1, 2010; accepted March 22, 2010
This article is featured in this month's AJP Audio and is discussed in an editorial by Dr. Carpenter (p. 1013).
Dr. can Saka reports having consulted for Janssen-Cilag and receiving speaker honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Abdi İbrahim, and Sanovel. Dr. Lieb reports receiving speaker honoraria from Wyeth. Dr. Wittchen reports receiving research support from Novartis, Pfizer, Schering-Plough; having consulted for Novartis, Pfizer, Wyeth, Organon, and Lundbeck; and receiving speaker honoraria from Novartis, Schering-Plough, Pfizer, Wyeth, and Servier. Dr. van Os reports having been an unrestricted research grant holder with, or having received financial compensation as an independent symposium speaker from Eli Lilly, BMS, Lundbeck, Organon, Janssen-Cilag, GSK, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Servier—companies that have an interest in the treatment of psychosis. Dr. Dominguez reports no financial relationships with commercial interests.
This work is part of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study and is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project no. 01EB9405/6, 01EB9910/6, EB10106200, 01EB0140, and 01EB0440. Part of the field work and analyses were also additionally supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) LA1148/1-1, WI2246/7-1, and WI709/8-1.
Principal investigators of the EDSP Study are Drs. Wittchen and Lieb. Both take responsibility for the integrity of the study data. All authors and co-authors had full access to all study data. Data analysis and manuscript preparation were completed by the authors and co-authors of this article, who take responsibility for its accuracy and content. Core staff members of the EDSP group are Dr. Katja Beesdo; Dr. Petra Zimmermann; Dr. Axel Perkonigg, Ph.D., Dipl.-Stat; Michael Höfler, Dipl.-Psych.; Tanja Brückl, Dipl.-Psych.; Agnes Nocon, Dipl.-Inf.; Hildegard Pfister, Dipl.-Soz.; Barbara Spiegel, Dipl.-Psych.; and Andrea Schreier. Scientific advisors are Dr. Jules Angst (Zurich), Dr. Kathleen Merikangas (NIMH, Bethesda), Dr. Ron Kessler (Harvard, Boston), and Dr. Jim van Os (Maastricht).
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. van Os, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO BOX 616 (DRT 10), 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; firstname.lastname@example.com (e-mail).
24, 2009; Revised
6, 2009; Revised
25, 2010; Revised
1, 2010; Accepted
11, 2010.
Copyright © American Psychiatric Association
The cognitive and motivational impairments observed in psychotic disorders may reflect early developmental alterations that, when combined with later environmental exposures, may drive the onset of positive psychotic symptoms. The epidemiological predictions of this model were tested.
A longitudinal prospective cohort study (the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study) was conducted with a representative general population sample of adolescents and young adults from Munich (N=3,021), who were 14—24 years of age at baseline. Sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, and measures of psychopathology and associated clinical relevance were assessed across three waves, covering a period of up to 10 years, by clinical psychologists using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
Both negative/disorganized and positive psychotic symptoms were frequent (5-year cumulative prevalence rates of around 12%) and occurred in combination more often than predicted by chance. Negative/disorganized symptoms revealed a pattern of sociodemographic associations indicative of developmental impairment, whereas the positive symptoms were associated with environmental exposures such as trauma, cannabis use, and urbanicity. Negative/disorganized symptoms predicted positive symptoms over time, and co-occurrence of positive and negative/disorganized symptoms was predictive of clinical relevance in terms of secondary functional impairment and help-seeking behavior.
The results suggest that the negative/disorganized features associated with psychotic disorder are distributed at the population level and drive the ontogenesis of positive psychotic experiences after exposure to environmental risks, increasing the likelihood of impairment and need for care.
Systematic review of general population surveys indicates that the experiences associated with psychotic disorder, such as paranoid delusional thinking and auditory hallucinations, are observed—in an attenuated form—in 5%—8% of respondents (1, 2). These attenuated expressions may be conceived as the behavioral expression of an underlying distributed liability for psychosis (3). There is evidence from a range of representative general population samples (4—9) as well as high-risk samples (10, 11) that low-grade psychotic experiences may precede affective and nonaffective clinical psychotic states by many years. Therefore, a dimensional focus, following the expression of different symptom domains and their relation to the onset of dysfunction and help-seeking over time, may be productive.
The aforementioned population-based work has focused on experiences resembling positive psychotic symptoms; it is not known if and how attenuated negative/disorganized symptoms may play a role over time. There is evidence that negative symptoms are expressed, in attenuated form, in otherwise "healthys" individuals and that the combination of attenuated positive and negative symptoms predicts onset of need for care (12).
In this article, we present a longitudinal, 10-year study of young people. Hypotheses were derived from the suggestion that negative/disorganized symptoms (13) associated with schizophrenia (14) may represent alterations in brain development (15—17) associated with distributed genetic risk (18), influencing a hypothesized final common pathway of neurotransmitter dysregulation (19), resulting in the onset of positive psychotic symptoms, particularly when combined with environmental exposures (20). It was hypothesized that 1) subclinical expressions of positive and negative/disorganized symptoms would be distributed in the general population and occur more often together than predicted by chance; 2) positive symptoms would be associated with environmental risks and negative/disorganized features with indices of developmental impairment; 3) negative/disorganized symptoms would predict psychotic experiences over time but not the other way around; and, finally, 4) "comorbid" expression of positive and negative/disorganized experiences would be associated with impairment and risk for patient status.
The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study collected data on the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, comorbidity, and course of mental disorders in a representative random population sample of adolescents and young adults, age 14—24 years, from the general population in Munich, Germany. The baseline sample, following ethics committee approval, was randomly drawn in 1994 from the respective population registry offices of Munich and its 29 counties to mirror the distribution of individuals expected to be 14—24 years of age at the time of the baseline (T0) interview in 1995. The base population were all those born between June 1, 1970, and May 31, 1981, registered as residents in these localities and having German citizenship. These registers can be regarded as highly accurate because 1) each German is registered by his town, 2) the registers are regularly updated, 3) in the interest of scientific studies, any number of randomly drawn addresses with a given sex and age group can be obtained, and 4) strict enforcement of registration by law and the police applies. More details on the sampling, representativeness, instruments, procedures, and statistical methods of the sample have previously been presented (21).
The longitudinal prospective design consisted of a baseline and three follow-up surveys (time 1, time 2, and time 3), covering a time period of on average 1.6, 3.5, and 8.4 years (range=7.3—10.5), respectively, from baseline. As the primary goal of the study was to examine developmental aspects of psychopathology, the younger group (14 and 15 years of age) was sampled at twice the rate of persons 16—21 years of age, and the oldest group (22—24 years) was sampled at half this rate. For the same reason, subjects 14—17 years of age at baseline were examined at all four time points, whereas the full baseline sample was only assessed at three time points (baseline, time 2, and time 3).
The present study is based on the three assessments that were available for the full baseline sample: 3,021 individuals 14—24 years of age at baseline and their follow-up assessments at time 2 (N=2,548; response rate=84%) and time 3 (N=2,210; 73%). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Participants were interviewed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (22). Trained and experienced clinical psychologists conducted the interviews at baseline (lifetime version) and follow-up assessments (interval version: covering the assessment period from the previous interview).
Information from the psychosis section and the clinical interview rating section, with its embedded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (23), were used to derive measures of psychopathological clusters. In order to calculate measures of frequency, discrete variables indicating presence or absence of clusters across interview waves were, per definition, necessary.
A combined cluster of negative and disorganized symptoms was designed, in accordance with psychopathological findings in the early course of psychosis, showing that the "Bleulerian blend" of negative, catatonic/motor, and disorganization symptoms load on a single factor, while positive symptoms load on another (24) in agreement with Kraepelin's description in which avolition and disorganization were joined as the two defining features of the syndrome (25). Although negative, disorganized, positive, and affective clusters consistently load on separate domains in factor analytical studies of chronic psychotic patients (26, 27), meta-analysis indicates that negative and disorganized dimensions are conflated in their association with neurocognitive alterations, contrary to the positive and affective dimensions (28). A sensitivity analysis was planned, reanalyzing essential results for the negative cluster and the single disorganized item separately.
At baseline and time 3, two items concerning classic negative and disorganized symptoms from the interview ratings section were used: indifference (X11) and thought incoherence or illogicality (X12). These two items were rated on a 7-point scale (1=absent, 2=very little, 3=a little, 4=moderately, 5=moderately strong, 6=a lot, 7=very much). Each item was dichotomized: absent (coded as 0) versus present (coded as 1, indicating any score above "1"). For the purpose of the analyses, presence of the negative/disorganized cluster at baseline and time 3 was defined as a rating of "present" on either of the two items.
At time 2, not only the two previous items but also five items from the interview observation section were available: flat affect (P3), slow speech (P5), slow movement (P6), poverty of speech (P7), and avolition (P8). These five items were dichotomously rated: absent (coded as 0) versus present (coded as 1). Presence of the negative/disorganized cluster at time 2 was defined as a rating of "present" on any of the seven items.
Interview ratings from the psychosis section (items G1, G2a, G3—G5, G7—G13, G13b, G14, G17, G18, G20, G20C, G21, and G22a) on delusions (15 items) and hallucinations (5 items) were collected at time 2 (lifetime) and time 3 (interval version). These 20 items concern classic psychotic symptoms, including Schneiderian first-rank symptoms such as audible thoughts, thought insertion, thought withdrawal, and made acts and impulses. Participants were first invited to read a list of all the psychotic experiences and asked whether they had ever experienced such symptoms. Each psychosis item was rated absent or present. Presence of the positive cluster was defined as a rating of "present" on any of the 20 psychosis items (6).
At time 2 and time 3, the 28 symptom items of the depression section were used. Items were rated either yes or no as being present for at least 2 weeks. A sum score of "depressive symptoms" was formed, with a minimum of 0 and a maximum score of 28 endorsements (29).
The time 2 (lifetime) and time 3 (interval) ratings for the positive cluster were used to create a three-level summary "positive cluster persistence" variable: no occurrence (coded as 0), present at one assessment (coded as 1), and present at two assessments (coded as 2). In order to have a comparable longitudinal measure of "negative/disorganized cluster persistence," the baseline (lifetime) and time 2 (interval) measures were combined into a cumulative lifetime variable. Together with the information at time 3 (interval), this resulted in a similar three-level summary score of persistence: no occurrence (coded as 0), present at one assessment (coded as 1), and present at two assessments (coded as 2)
Age, gender, social status, marital status, level of education, urbanicity, cannabis exposure, and self-reported trauma were considered.
As part of the treatment module, participants were shown a list of different types of medication and were asked to endorse those they had been given for any psychopathological or psychosomatic problem. The acknowledgment of any antipsychotic medication (item Q1EA4) reported at time 2 and time 3 was used to derive the antipsychotic treatment variable (coded as 1 for yes).
Clinical relevance of positive psychotic symptoms was assessed with interview ratings of the psychosis section (6). Three help-seeking items assessed whether participants had ever sought help because of psychotic symptoms: seeking doctors' help because of delusions (G16) or hallucinations (G23) or seeking help from other mental health professionals, ranging from a general practitioner or school psychologist to psychiatric sheltered housing (Q1DG). A dichotomous "help-seeking" variable was created, indicating a positive answer to any of the three questions (coded as 1) versus negative answers on all.
The diagnostic interview also assesses the effect of psychotic experiences on feeling upset or unable to work, go places, or enjoy oneself at the time of having these experiences (G28); being less able to work (G29) or less able to make friends or enjoy social relationships (G29a) since these experiences began; and how much their life and everyday activities were impaired when these experiences were at their worst (G36). A dichotomous "dysfunction" variable was created representing a positive answer on any of the four questions (coded as 1) versus negative answers on all.
Finally, a dichotomous variable "psychotic impairment" was created, coded as 1 for subjects with psychotic experiences who had ratings of "1" on either help-seeking or dysfunction or both.
The interviewer's opinion regarding clinical evidence of psychological ill health (item X16) was rated according to four levels: 0=essentially not noticeable, 1=not very noticeable, 2=clearly ill, and 3=very ill. The dichotomous variable "caseness" indicated individuals with a noticeable level of psychiatric caseness (i.e., any score above "1").
All analyses were conducted using the software package STATA 10.1 (StataCorp, 2008).
First, in order to investigate the reliability and the rate of the variables representing the positive and the negative/disorganized psychopathological domains, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was used as a measure of internal consistency for each symptom cluster: the negative/disorganized cluster (24), the negative cluster (excluding the disorganized item), and the positive cluster (6) at time 2. Alpha values of 0.7 are regarded as satisfactory. Lifetime cumulative incidence and interval prevalence estimates of the positive cluster were calculated. Prevalence estimates of the negative/disorganized cluster were calculated, with and without additional sensitivity analyses excluding 1) participants exposed to antipsychotic treatment or 2) individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of depression (secondary negative symptoms). The distribution of symptom clusters was examined at time 2 and time 3, distinguishing individuals with only negative/disorganized symptoms, only positive symptoms, or a combination of the two. Because additional exclusion of participants exposed to antipsychotic treatment or individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of depression revealed no change in the rates, no sensitivity analysis was conducted.
Second, associations between psychopathology and risk factors were examined. It was hypothesized that the negative/disorganized cluster would be associated with younger age (30), male sex (31), and single marital status and low educational level (32), whereas female sex (31), cannabis exposure (33), urbanicity (34), self-reported trauma (34), and low level of education (32) would show significant associations with the positive cluster. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with the data in the "long" format, i.e., each individual contributing two timepoint observations (time 2 and time 3). Clustering within subjects was controlled for by including a variable reflecting measurement occasion in the model. Associations were expressed as odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Third, in order to examine the natural association between the positive and negative/disorganized clusters (24), cross-sectional associations between the two were examined, controlling for depressive symptoms. Again, logistic regression analyses were carried out with the data in the "long" format (time 2 and time 3), adjusting for the indicator variable representing measurement occasion. Given that cross-sectional associations between symptoms may arise as a function of shared interview variance or represent chronicity effects, associations between clusters were also carried out in longitudinal predictive models across measurement occasions. Thus, logistic regression was used to calculate 1) the association between the negative/disorganized cluster at time 2 and the positive cluster at time 3, controlling for depressive symptoms and excluding individuals in whom the positive cluster was present at time 2; and 2) the association between the positive cluster at time 2 and the negative/disorganized cluster at time 3, controlling for depressive symptoms and excluding individuals in whom the lifetime negative/disorganized cluster was present at time 2.
Fourth, the null hypothesis of independence of the natural courses of the two psychopathological domains (35) was examined, analyzing the influence of the degree of persistence (from the interview assessing lifetime presence to time 3) of one psychosis cluster (i.e., positive cluster or negative/disorganized cluster) on time 3 onset of the other cluster and vice versa. To this end, logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between 1) the degree of negative/disorganized persistence on the one hand and first onset (incidence) of positive cluster at time 3 on the other in individuals without lifetime positive cluster present at time 2, and 2) the degree of negative/disorganized persistence on the one hand and positive cluster at time 3 on the other in individuals with lifetime positive cluster present at time 2 and vice versa, controlling for depressive symptoms at time 3.
Fifth, the clinical relevance of the combination of positive and negative/disorganized experiences was calculated by examining whether the association between the positive cluster and its associated psychotic impairment rating was moderated by the negative/disorganized cluster. Consistent with previous work, the interaction between the positive cluster and the negative/disorganized cluster was calculated on the additive scale (33, 34, 36) using the STATA BINREG command, controlling for depression, with the data in the "long" format. In order to validate psychosis impairment, logistic regression analyses were conducted against the caseness and antipsychotic treatment variables.
The average age of the participants at baseline was 18.3 years (range=14—24). Demographic characteristics are depicted in Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of a General Population Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults (N=3,021) Followed Longitudinally for the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study
a The participants were asked which level of education they were attending or, in the case of discontinuation, which was the highest level they had attended (Munich-CIDI item A3).
b The participants were asked to choose from the specified options the class he or she believed to be in (Munich-CIDI item A16).
c Obtained through German government population registries. The population density of the Munich surrounding areas was 553 persons per square mile, and that of the city 4,061 persons per square mile.
Items in each psychopathological cluster were strongly correlated, yielding satisfactory internal consistency (seven negative/disorganized cluster items: Cronbach alpha=0.75; six negative cluster items [excluding the disorganized item]: Cronbach alpha=0.76; 20 positive cluster items: Cronbach alpha=0.67). The association between the disorganized item and negative cluster yielded an odds ratio of 13.9 (95% CI=6.5—29.6), against an odds ratio of 2.47 (95% CI=1.18—5.19) for the association between the disorganized item and positive cluster, supporting the a priori choice for a single negative/disorganized cluster.
The positive cluster cumulative lifetime incidence was 22.7% (N=574) at time 2 while the interval prevalence was 12.4% (N=274) at time 3. The baseline prevalence of the negative/disorganized cluster was 11.4% (N=345) while the follow-up prevalences were 12.8% (N=325) at time 2 and 12.2% (N=270) at time 3. No impact was seen on these rates following exclusion of individuals exposed to antipsychotic treatment (N=3 at time 2 and N=1 at time 3 for revised rates of 12.7% and 12.2%, respectively) or individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of depression (N=41 at baseline, N=43 at time 2, and N=32 at time 3 for revised rates of 11.3%, 12.3%, and 12.1%).
In terms of population distribution (Table 2), 15.7% of the 2,548 participants reported lifetime cumulative incidence of only negative/disorganized symptoms at time 2 and 17.0% reported only positive symptoms, whereas 5.5% reported both, more than twice what would be expected by chance alone (2.6%). Interval prevalence rates at time 3 were, respectively, 9.9%, 10.1%, and 2.3% of a total of 2,210 participants, again more than twice the expected rate (1%).
Psychopathological Clusters and Risk for Psychotic Impairmenta
a Psychotic experiences resulting in help-seeking or dysfunction.
b Of subjects with symptom cluster at time 2.
c Of subjects with symptom cluster at time 3.
d Risk difference expresses excess risk for psychotic impairment given presence of symptom cluster or co-occurrence symptom cluster; as psychotic impairment was only assessed in the context of positive symptoms, rates are 0% for negative/disorganized only.
The negative/disorganized cluster was significantly associated with younger age, male sex, single marital status, and low educational level, whereas the positive cluster was significantly associated with low educational level, cannabis exposure, urbanicity, and self-reported trauma. The combination of both clusters was significantly associated with all variables except gender (Table 3).
Association of Sociodemographic and Environmental Risk Factors With Psychopathological Symptom Clusters at Time 2 (N=2,548) and Time 3 (N=2,210)
a A dichotomous variable defined as cannabis use of 5 times or more (33) since the previous interview (time 2 and time 3).
b Self-reported trauma at time 2 and time 3 was labeled with any affirmative response of exposure to any of the nine traumata from the Trauma module (Munich-CIDI item N1A) (34). Respondents indicated a positive response on a visually presented list of nine groups of specified traumatic events.
Cross-sectionally, the negative/disorganized cluster was significantly associated with the positive cluster, controlling for depressive symptoms (odds ratio=1.4, 95% CI=1.1—1.7). The prospective association between the negative/disorganized cluster at time 2 and the positive cluster at time 3, excluding individuals with presence of lifetime positive cluster at time 2 and controlling for depressive symptoms, was significant (odds ratio=2.3, 95% CI=1.5—3.7). In contrast, the prospective association between the positive cluster at time 2 and the negative/disorganized cluster at time 3, excluding individuals with the lifetime negative/disorganized cluster present at time 2 and controlling for depressive symptoms, was neither large nor significant (odds ratio=0.8, 95% CI=0.5—1.2).
After depressive symptoms were controlled, persistence of the negative/disorganized symptom cluster not only predicted positive cluster persistence but also time 3 incident psychotic experiences in a dose-response fashion. In contrast, persistence of the positive symptom cluster predicted neither negative/disorganized cluster persistence nor incident negative/disorganized symptoms at time 3 (Table 4).
Longitudinal Association of Symptom Cluster Courses
a 0=no occurrence; 1=present at one assessment point; 2=present at two assessment points.
Psychotic impairment was strongly associated with the variables of caseness (odds ratio=10.3, 95% CI=6.9—15.2) and antipsychotic treatment (odds ratio=15.3, 95% CI=6.1—38.4).
Table 2 depicts the proportions of individuals with psychotic impairment among those in whom the positive cluster was present at time 2 and time 3. Differences in risk for psychotic impairment for each psychopathological cluster were statistically significant in the combined time 2 and time 3 data analysis, as evidenced by the estimated additive interaction between the two clusters in the model of impairment (risk difference=16.2%, 95% CI=7.3%—25.2%). Analyzing time 2 and time 3 separately revealed replication at both time points (Table 2).
The rate of the separate negative cluster at the different time points was similar to that of the combined negative/disorganized cluster (prevalence rates around 12%), whereas the rate of the single item of disorganization was around 1%—3%. The pattern of associations with sociodemographic and environmental risk factors found for the combined negative/disorganized cluster was similar when analyzed separately for the negative cluster and disorganization item. Similarly, the cross-sectional associations between the positive cluster on the one hand and the separate negative cluster and disorganization item on the other was similar as observed for the original negative/disorganized cluster.
With regard to prospective associations, the negative cluster predicted onset and persistence of the positive cluster similar to the combined negative/disorganized cluster, whereas results for the single item of disorganization were directionally similar but less clear-cut (all results available upon request).
Even after exclusion of ill individuals using antipsychotic medication, positive and negative/disorganized experiences resembling the symptoms of psychotic disorder occurred in the general population (5-year interval rates of around 12%). Positive and negative/disorganized experiences clustered together more often than predicted by chance, independent of depression, yet displayed a differential pattern of associations with sociodemographic and environmental risk factors. The negative/disorganized cluster was associated with a profile indicative of developmental impairment and the positive cluster with environmental risks. Their pattern over time revealed that persistent expression of the negative/disorganized cluster predicted onset of psychotic experiences; in contrast, persistent expression of psychotic experiences did not predict onset of negative/disorganized features. Finally, "comorbid" expression of the two clusters increased the risk for impairment and, by implication, need for care.
The negative/disorganized symptoms (13) associated with schizophrenia (14) may represent alterations in brain development (15—17) associated with distributed genetic risk (18), influencing a hypothesized final common pathway of neurotransmitter dysregulation (19) resulting in the onset of positive psychotic symptoms, particularly when combined with environmental exposures (20). Several elements in the current epidemiological analysis support this model.
First, the pattern of associations for the negative/disorganized cluster with young age, male sex, single marital status, and lower educational level resembles the pattern seen in clinical samples (30, 31). A profile indicative of developmental impairment is concordant with meta-analytic work demonstrating a unique association of the negative/disorganized domain with neurocognitive impairment (28), poorer social functioning (37), poorer response to antipsychotic treatment (38), and a worse prognosis (39).
Second, the sociodemographic associations of the positive cluster are in agreement with previous reports linking positive psychotic experiences to environmental risk factors such as cannabis exposure, urbanicity, self-reported trauma, and lower educational level (32—34).
Third, in most of the individuals both symptom clusters did not overlap. Nonetheless, the positive and negative/disorganized symptom domains clustered together more often than could be expected by chance alone. Thus, psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia may not be the result of the chance cross-section of the separate liabilities of developmental impairment on the one hand and reality distortion on the other; they are linked together in a way that suggests fundamental overlap or interaction of underlying mechanisms (Figure 1).
Negative/Disorganized Features Predict Positive Features and Onset of Clinical Psychosis
a The longitudinal analysis suggested that the negative/disorganized cluster associated with a sociodemographic pattern indicative of developmental impairment reflects an underlying vulnerability that, when combined with environmental exposures such as cannabis use, trauma, and urbanicity, results in positive psychotic symptoms increasing the risk of impairment and clinical relevance.
Fourth, importantly, the longitudinal analysis suggested that in this community sample negative/disorganized features—the negative features more than the disorganized—preceded positive features rather than the other way round. This finding is in agreement with follow-back studies showing that negative features frequently represent an initial symptom of schizophrenia, occurring more than 2 years before the emergence of positive symptoms (40).
First, assessment of psychotic experiences was based on self-report information by the respondents in diagnostic interviews, complemented by clinical ratings of core features of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms derived from the clinical rating section and selected items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (23). False positive psychotic experiences are likely to have occurred, increasing random error; nevertheless, there is a substantial literature on the (predictive and other forms of) validity of self-reported psychotic experiences (1, 4—9).
Second, despite the hazard of under/overestimation of true positive, clinically relevant psychotic experiences (6), the validation of the outcome variable against caseness and antipsychotic treatment supports the validity of psychotic impairment as a proxy measure of clinical relevance.
Third, the definition of clinically relevant psychosis was contingent on the presence of positive psychotic experiences. This, however, is in line with the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, which require positive psychotic experiences for making the diagnosis.
Fourth, the measures of negative/disorganized symptoms were varying between measurement occasions. This is likely to have generated more random error resulting in a more conservative estimate of associations (i.e., the overlap between positive cluster and negative/disorganized cluster may be stronger than reported and the predictive value for positive psychotic experiences may be higher).
Finally, the threshold of the negative/disorganized cluster may be considered too low. However, a sensitivity analysis using a higher threshold (any score above "3") yielded similar results (data not shown, available upon request).
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Student Organizations
Criminal justice majors, graduate students, and students from other disciplines are welcome to join the two student criminal justice organizations. Many students are members of both organizations, and the two groups often meet and work together on projects.
Criminal Justice Club
The Criminal Justice Club is a group of students who share a common interest in criminal justice issues. The club is active in bringing speakers to campus and working with community organizations.
Students interested in joining the Criminal Justice Club may contact Dr. Faith Lutze, the faculty advisor, at firstname.lastname@example.com. Dues are $5 per semester and $10 per year.
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The national criminal justice honor society, Alpha Phi Sigma, was founded at WSU. Current members have been involved in criminal justice research projects and have presented their findings at a national criminal justice conference.
Undergraduate or graduate students interested in joining must submit a completed application to Sisouvanh Keopanapay (Johnson Tower 726) or Kelli Laxson (Johnson Tower 701b) along with $75 for membership dues. Requirements for membership include completion of at least four courses within the criminal justice curriculum, a declared criminal justice major or minor, and a minimum GPA of 3.2 overall and 3.2 in criminal justice and criminology courses.
Further information is available in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology office. Students may also contact Dr. Faith Lutze, the chapter advisor, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Cupcakes and controversy
This year will be my second Internet Librarian International conference. I've always been sorry to miss out on the infamous Mimas cupcakes of ILI2009 - but, cupcakes or no, I had a brilliant time last year, and was determined to go back.
Last year I spoke on 'Do libraries have a future?'. Marydee Ojala (the conference chair) had asked me to be controversial, so I had free rein to ask challenging questions, pretend to set fire to the New York Public Library, and generally pontificate on the issues that I saw facing the information profession.
Transforming data into open, Linked Data
This year, it's all rather different. I'm doing a fact-based presentation - with slides that have real writing on them, not just pretty pictures - about Linked Data and the LOCAH project. LOCAH stands for Linked Open Copac and Archives Hub, and I'll be talking about how we set about opening up our data by transforming our bibliographic and archival data into open Linked Data. This will include a look at the challenges we faced when working with data that comes from multiple sources. Copac and the Archives Hub both consist of data from multiple contributors - libraries and archives from across the UK. As each institution catalogues in a slightly different way, this has led to some interesting issues around description and consistency.
Linking data, Linking Lives
I'll also be giving a bit of an introduction to our new project, Linking Lives, which is just getting underway. It's building on the LOCAH work, and the aim is to pull in data from various Linked Data sources to present name-based biographical pages that will include information about archives relating to individuals.
The session is going to be moderated by Dave Pattern, and the first presentation will be by Owen Stephens, so it's definitely the place to be for data geeks and assorted shambrarians.
SLA at ILI
As well as presenting for Mimas, I'm wearing my SLA Europe hat at ILI too. We've got a drinks reception on the Wednesday evening, which will include a panel on SLA's theme for 2011: Future Ready. You'll get to hear the fab Ulla De Stricker, Dave Pattern (and me) talking about what it means to be Future Ready. The panel will be ably moderated by SLA Europe President and Rising Star Sara Batts. Drinks and panel are free to attend, and everyone's welcome!
I'm hoping to add a few more people to my 'met in real life' Twitter list, too - and then I'll start planning how to get back for ILI 2012...


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BRIC Media Arts Fellowship
Congratulations to BRIC's 2014 Media Arts Fellows:
- Santina Amato
- Reginald Ellis Crump (AKA Monstah Black)
- Terri Chiao & Adam Frezza
- Mike Estabrook
- Buhm Hong
- Hayat Hyatt
- Jenn Kahn
- Bundith Phunsombatlert
- Elizabeth Riley
- Ryan Hartley Smith
- Laura Silver
- Jayoung Yoon
Read our press release announcing this year's Fellowship recipients. >>
Information about the BRIC Media Arts Fellowship:
Each year, the BRIC Media Education and Contemporary Art programs sponsor the BRIC Media Arts Fellowship. The Fellowship makes BRIC Media Education courses and facilities available to professional Brooklyn-affiliated visual artists at no charge. We provide training programs and technical assistance in video and digital production and in post-production technologies. Our classes include both BRIC Media Arts Fellows as well as members of the general public interested in television production, creating a unique mix of interests in the classroom.
View a video about one of last year's Media Arts fellows:
BRIC's Community Media Center
BRIC will reopen its renovated facility, BRIC Arts | Media House, at 647 Fulton Street in downtown Brooklyn in October 2013. BRIC's Community Media Center provides Brooklyn residents with access to television studio facilities, equipment, and training that enables the creation, production, and cablecasting of non-commercial programs on BRIC's four cable channels. Our new facilities will include a state-of-the-art HD television studio and studio control room, a training studio, a mini studio designed for use by a single producer serving as talent and technician, video editing suites, field camera packages, and a multimedia lab equipped with industry-standard media production software.
The Fellowship
Twelve fellowships are awarded annually. Fellows may enroll in any course offered at BRIC for no fee. Certification courses include Basic Field Production, Non-Linear Editing, and Basic Television Studio Production. Successful completion of any of these courses leads to becoming a Certified Producer, which gives free access to our video equipment and editing facilities. Once certified, Fellows will have up to 80 hours of facility time to work on their projects during their residency, as well as five opportunities to check out field camera equipment. Fellows are also encouraged to enroll in our free course offerings at the Brooklyn Public Library branches at Grand Army Plaza, Kings Highway, and New Lots.
Media classes are held during the day and evening hours. The BRIC Media Arts Fellowship course-work will take place between January and October 2014. Lab time must be used during the fellowship period. There will be a mid-fellowship party in May for fellows to check-in about their projects and get feedback on their work. In early October 2014, there will be an end of fellowship open house, which will be open to the public. This will be an opportunity for fellows to show the projects they created during their fellowship and network with community producers.
This Fellowship is open to artists who live or work in Brooklyn. Artists who have a strong desire to explore multimedia as a distinct medium or as part of an interdisciplinary approach to art-making are encouraged to apply. Experience in video/multimedia production is encouraged but not required. The purpose of this program is to support artistic production therefore we will not review applications for marketing or promotional projects. Students currently enrolled in undergraduate or graduate degree programs and artists who previously were awarded the BRIC Media Arts Fellowship are not eligible for the Fellowship.
Selection Process
Applications will be reviewed by BRIC's Contemporary Art and Media Education staff, as well as by members of BRIC's Artist Advisory Committee. Panelists will be looking for an accomplished body of work, a clear statement of purpose for the program, and evidence of the maturity necessary to profit from this opportunity as offered. The decisions of the selection committee will be final. We will not consider late or incomplete submissions.
For more information on the Media Arts Fellowship and courses included, click here.
If you have questions, please email us at email@example.com.


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Display Ads
Dir. of Advertisers
Legislature report: cattle, RR crews, marijuana & aging
Thinking about health: Restricted choices
More opinion
Nebraska SRM conference set in North Platte
4S Goat Expo set: Educational seminar, show, sale
More Ag News
Click Here for theHOTTEST SHEETS!
A North Platte man was beaten Friday and his luck didnt get any better when police arrived and charged him with attempted theft.
Shortly after 9 p.m., police received a report of stolen medication from a woman living in the 800 block of East Sixth.
She told an officer that she invited an acquaintance, Zach Kaiser, to come over. She saw Kaiser trying to take some medicine and confronted him. Kaiser gave back what is believed to be most of the medication and left, Police Investigator John Deal said.
Later that evening, Kaiser was assaulted. The assault was separate from the theft. Deal said its not known if the two calls are related.
Kaiser was treated for injuries from the assault, then jailed for attempted theft.
Deal said the assault is still under investigation.
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
1300 E 4th St., Suite F
North Platte, NE 69101


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Find records of Earon Owens
Find birth, death, marriage, military, and other records of Earon Owens at Ancestry.com.Search for records
Biography & Family History Add details
Earon Owens (1903 - 1971) was born on September 23, 1903. Earon was born into the Owens family.
There are no known marriages or children on file for Earon. Earon died in August 1971 at 67 years of age.
Earon Owens's last known residence is at Gadsden, Etowah County, Alabama.
The data on this page comes from the official record for Earon Owens in the SSDI (United States Social Security Master Death Index). What is the SSDI?
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Possible Relatives
- Levi W Owens
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- Willis Owens
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- William H Owens
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- Henry Owens
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- Thomas Owens
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- Lee Owens
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- J P Owens
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- Millard E Owens
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- Julian W Owens
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- Howard C Owens
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- Dorothy Owens
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- Wiley Owens
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- Edward Owens
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- Ewell Owens
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- Foy K Owens
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Occupy Wall Street: Spring Training Highlights
By Diane Sweet April 16, 2012 9:00 am -
Occupy Wall Street // Spring Training // April 13, 2012 from Mo Scarpelli on Vimeo. On a more positive note, Sunday an Occupy Wall Street demonstration drew hundreds of peaceful protesters to Central Park for a "Spring Awakening" and General
We welcome relevant, respectful comments. Please refer to our Terms of Service for information on our posting policy.
Violence Erupts After Anarchist Book Fair
'I Can Haz Buffet Rule?'


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i told you how i really felt and since then, there have not been changes. i should have realized in the beginning that nothing was really there, you haven't put in any effort to be apart of my life and i've tried so many times to let you know that i want you here. but i can't make you feel the way i feel. your actions and personality have made it clear. i know now… i'm moving on, and ofcourse you'll regret it.
We should all realize that this light skin , dark skin thing is racism within our own race. It shouldn't matter what skin tone you are , you should uplift your people and love them we are all human.
SO TRUE, i agree.
i love my bestfriend @poknesstm! :)
I always tell myself or plan to go to sleep early and i never do.


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Does anybody have an idea how to solve the problem of Infrastructure Mapserver 2013 with FDO ODBC Oracle connection?
"An exception occurred in FDO component. Oracle ODBC Database"
I Did, but when I set on:
IIS / Application Pools / mapserver2013 / Adivanced Settings / Enable 32-bit applications = true
The AIMS 2013 does not work.
I wouldn't set IIS to use 32bit access. FDO and IIS are really two different beasts.
If you can't connect to ODBC on 64bit (Access) you need to download the 64bit Runtime for Access for your machine.
Start with some of our most frequented solutions or visit the Installation and Licensing Forum to get help installing your software.


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Are we still racist? - Rooney Rule
View Single Post
Because I am better
Taysom Hill for Heisman!
Join Date: Aug 2004
Location: Ceti Alpha V
Posts: 46,495
Pat Bowlen
Originally Posted by
Thankfully the Rooney Rule does just that by allowing minorities to compete on an equal basis.
It doesn't grant them anything other than an opportunity to make their case for employment.
Anyone that thinks this is somehow too much has real problems with race.
Here's the problem - it's a total joke. You really think a token interview based purely on skin color has moved things forward?
How about adressing the real problem IE there aren't enough assistant coaches that are minorities? You are the worst kind of racist because you want to allow these types of racist, overly-simplistic policies to continue to exist so you can tell yourself "we're doing something."
More racism doesn't fix racism. It fuels the problem by 1.) continuing to treat a group of people differently based on arbitrary chariteristics and 2.) invites resentment from others not sharing those characteristics who don't get those opportunities.
The black coaches themselves think it's a joke. The people it's supposed to help don't like it. The front offices don't care for it. And its racist.
At the end of the day, the front office is going to hire who they want regardless of race. In a performance driven business they want the best candidate and don't care where they're from. The problem is getting more minorities to put the time in to be assistant coaches.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Kaylore


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Hairspray: Hit Musical at the Warner Theatre
* Additional fees apply.
All offers for Hairspray have expired.
The last date listed for Hairspray was Sunday April 20, 2008 / 6:30pm.
Currently at Warner Theatre:
Girls Night: The Musical -- Hit Off-Broadway Comedy
- Full Price:
- $77.00
- Our Price:
- $37.50
Share the fun and laughter of a night of karaoke with a group of friends at this touching and hilarious "tell-it-like-it-is" musical. Five girlfriends go from heartbreak to happiness during a wild night of karaoke as they relive their past, celebrate their present and look forward to their future. Audiences can't help but laugh, cry and even sing and dance in the aisles as the ladies belt out sing-it-yourself classics from the '80s and '90s like "Lady Marmalade," "It's Raining Men," "I Will Survive," "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!" and many more. Learn More
Venue Details
Metro is only a block from the Warner theater.Smokey Robinson Presents Human Nature travel • Aug 16 2014 star this tip starred
Buy tickets from a reputable ticket seller (not Goldstar) and don't get stuck in the back of the the venue.B.B. King info • Jul 18 2014 star this tip starred
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from SARed Velvet
view more less of this review
The play was awesome! Brought back memories of the days of dance shows such as Dick Clark and Shindig. The cast members did a wonderful performance and the music was great. I was so pleased I was able to see the performance.
star this review starred report as inappropriate
fun musical...high energy from start to finish
star this review starred report as inappropriate
Fabulous show!
A lot better than watching the "hairspray"movie
star this review starred report as inappropriate
The cast did a fine job. They looked like they were having fun with the material. I had to cringe at some of the words and attitudes -- they were hard to hear, even knowing that it was the reality of the time period of the play. I shared with a...continued
Quotes & Highlights
"If life were everything it should be, it would be more like Hairspray_. It's irresistible!" —_New York Times
It's 1962, and pleasantly plump Baltimore teen Tracy Turnblad has only one desire – to dance on the popular Corny Collins Show. When her dream comes true, Tracy is transformed from social outcast to sudden star, but she must use her newfound power to vanquish the reigning Teen Queen, win the affections of heartthrob Link Larkin and integrate a TV network – all without denting her 'do!
Don't miss Hairspray, Broadway's musical-comedy phenomenon that inspired a major motion picture and won eight 2003 Tony Awards, including Best Musical.
About the Ticket Supplier: Warner TheatreThe Warner's special place in the history of Washington began in the 1920s when dozens of grand theaters and moviehouses lit up downtown. Built first for vaudeville and silent movies, the Theatre was opened as the Earle Theatre in 1924.
The Earle switched to a movies-only policy in 1945 and in 1947, owner Harry Warner, one of the Hollywood's Warner Brothers, visited Washington and told his tour guide Julian Brylawski (one of the original builders) that since he owned the theatre, his name should be on the marquee. Thus the Earle Theatre became the Warner Theatre.


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Spotted first on the Atlanta Music Scene Blog: this year's Chastain concert Series A lineup includes hitmakers of decades past, and more announcements are on the way. The Series B lineup should be released soon, and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra will announcement will come later, too.
The Series A show that perplexes me: KC & the Sunshine Band performing with MC Hammer. Huh-who? How did those become a pair, I wonder?
Here's the list:
April 24: Hall & Oates with special guest Todd Rundgren
May 1: Gipsy Kings
May 8: ZZ Top with special guest Jonathan Tyler & Northern Lights
June 3: Backstreet Boys with special guest TBA
June 6: Jethro Tull with special guest Ian Hunter
June 7: Styx, Foreigner & Kansas
June 11: Jeff Beck with special guest Imelda May
June 13: KC & The Sunshine Band & MC Hammer
June 19: Harry Connick Jr. & Orchestra
June 28: An Evening with Sting, featuring the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra (Non Table Set-Up/No Coolers or Carry-Ins)
July 1: REO Speedwagon & Pat Benatar
July 12: Chicago and The Doobie Brothers
Want to go? Chastain Series and Mini-Series tickets go on sale at 10 a.m. March 7. Prices vary from about $50-$110. Chastain Park Amphitheatre, 4469 Stella Dr. N.W., Atlanta. 404-233-2227, www.chastainseries.com.
For instant updates, follow @insideaccess on Twitter.
March 2nd, 2010
10:30 am
David, if you think the ticket prices are high now, wait until you get a load of the service charges when you place your order. They'll break your heart! Everyone keep in mind that the box office at the Variety Playhouse is open Monday through Friday, and if you walk up with cash in your hand, you won't pay a penny in service charges. I just hope the corporate honchos at LiveNation never find out that this place exists.
March 2nd, 2010
10:25 am
If MC Hammer is as entertaining as Rick James was when he played with KC, it'll be great!
I love drunken over-the-hill singers cursing me out and staggering all over the stage. Man, that show was priceless.
March 2nd, 2010
10:20 am
Thank you Jamie but I found the prices on their website. They are so high that I wont go to a show. I was thinking about Harry Connick but not any more…
March 2nd, 2010
9:45 am
Lame, lame lineup — I will pass on the retreads. That is awful and very dissapointing
March 2nd, 2010
9:44 am
Oh I love Chastain. I also love long walks on the beach, hole in the wall restaurants, red wine, reading the New York Times….I am so clever and desirable. Why won't anyone date me? So what if my photos are 5 years old…..Since I don't think I am fat, I am not fat!
March 2nd, 2010
9:25 am
Good grief, Chastain! You may as well call this the Geritol Brigade Tour 2010. You better have ambulances and oxygen tanks at the ready.
March 2nd, 2010
9:07 am
The Fuzz is right, of course. The more interesting and newer acts aren't usually part of the boomer series. But let's keep in mind that the series used to feature a lot more interesting acts. My advice? (Not that you want it.) See which one of these oldsters have a new record out. Are they putting out new music or are they just playing the nostalgia gig. Jeff Beck and Ian Hunter both have new CDs, but I'm not sure about Kansas, REO or Tull.
March 2nd, 2010
9:03 am
It's a shame Music Midtown couldn't continue on.
Verizon in Alpharetta is the place to be.
March 2nd, 2010
9:02 am
What, no Journey?!?!


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Today, I have decided to film another tutorial using eye shadows from Glamour Doll Eyes. I also haven't done such a dramatic look in a while, so I took advantage of this opportunity and did this. Enjoy!
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
GDE: Electric Blue Dragonfruit
Labels: blue , face of the day , Glamour Doll Eyes , green , pink
Monday, June 20, 2011
MAC Eye Shadow Palette Collection: Blues, Greens & Teals
This post will show all the blue, green, and teal eye shadows I own from MAC. Enjoy :)
Labels: blue , green , MAC palette , makeup collection , teal
Friday, June 17, 2011
MAC Eye Shadow Palette Collection: Purples & Pinks
This post will show all the purple and pink eye shadows I own from MAC. Enjoy :)
Labels: MAC palette , pink , purple
Wednesday, June 15, 2011
GDE: Burnt Cocoa
Hey everyone!
This is a smokey eye tutorial using Glamour Doll Eyes; I hope you enjoy!
Labels: black , brown , Glamour Doll Eyes , orange , smokey eye
Monday, June 13, 2011
Wales Palette Review from KKCenterHK
Last month I received an eye shadow palette from KKCenterHK to review on my channel and blog. In this post, I will feature photos and swatches, along with my personal opinion on this palette. Enjoy!
Labels: KKCenterHK , review
Sunday, June 12, 2011
Retro City Sunglasses Review
I was recently contacted by Jihan from Retro City Sunglasses to review their products on my YouTube. I've also decided to do a complementary blog post to show you how they actually look worn. Here's how they look!
Labels: giveaway , review , sunglasses
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1. Who are your favourites / bias?
Since this is kind of my tvb/hk related tumblr I'm going to list the ppl who are my "biases" lol in the cpop/hk industry wahahaha
Steven Cheung
Terry Zou
Aarif Lee
Pakho Chau
Kelvin Kwan
Bosco Wong
Charlene Choi
Ella Koon
Ruco Chan
There's probably more but the two in bold are my ultimate favourites!!
2. Mention one all time favourite drama?
Men Don't Cry (GAN YAN KIN)!! I love it so much. Dayo Wong is one actor I really adore! I'm so glad he's back and filming another tvb drama. I hope he takes care of his health though I've been reading some articles and they say he's looking a bit thin at the moment.
3. What are you following me for? Edits or gifs? or both?
Hahaha I'm followed you for so long now Jia! I'm a fan of your graphics ^_^
4. Who are your otps? (one true pairing)
Believe it or not I actually don't have one!
5. Name a singer worth to recommend to others.
TERRY ZOU!!! Words cannot explain how much I love him lol. I guess Terry is still kind of new to some people but I really do think he has a good singing voice. I absolutely love his voice and I hope he gets more attention bcos I think he is really talented <3
6. If you had a wish to fulfill or change something right now, what would it be? (Could be interest related or personal)
I wouldn't change anything XD
7. If you could invite a singer to your country for a concert, who would it be?
OMG who???? >.< There's so many people.. But I actually want to see Raymond live one day bcos after all, he was the reason I got into CPOP. It all started bcos of Lam Fung lol.
8. Tell me something you think its different from others about yourself.
I really can't think of one right now lol. >.< I don't think I'm the only one but I'm not as dramatic as I am online in real life LOL that's what I like to think anyway ha ha ha
9. If it was the last day on earth and you could only pick an idol to get to know, who would this person be?
I would want to get to know Steven or Terry haha. Steven cos he has such a funny demeanour and Terry bcos he always seem so mysterious lol. I find ppl with a mysterious side interesting hahaha.
10. In your point of view, you are optimistic or Pessimistic?
You know that saying everyone always goes about? Look at the glass half full and not half empty? I've always thought of it as half full but I don't think I'm that optimistic lol. I hope to be more optimistic but I do think I can be very pessimistic sometimes. Remember guys, think positive and positive will attract you ^_^
Thanks Jia, I've enjoyed doing this tag !!
I'm supposed to think of 10 new questions but I tag you guys to do the 50 FACTS ABOUT ME TAG instead!! Like this post or let me know somehow if you do this tag. Check out my 50 FACTS ABOUT ME TAG here ^_^.


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I'm a fan of basketball as an international language and tool to achieve soreness, joy and friendships
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Various custom chandeliers by Hans van Bentem.
A dusting of stars upon dim shores
Post stuff I like and for future reference. I don't follow many Tumblr's since it makes me anxious having to look at so many posts but you are welcome to follow me. :)
Various custom chandeliers by Hans van Bentem.
Moon glass by TALE.
"Ceramic liquor glass for traditional rice wine.
Alcohol at the moonlight may be tasted sweeter. Between the moon and alcohol, there is something delicate attraction. Like the moon is filled up and emptied. A drink either. And both things can be drink by people."
Out on the bubble time by studio note.
A take on an hourglass design that is inspired by water bubbles instead of sand.
Pillow Light by Marleen Kurvers.
A pillow becomes a floor lamp. An object that fills the room with a warm glow. The contrast between the glass and the image of a soft pillow makes this lamp an unusual object.
Blondie Zee, 2009 by Aqua Creations Lighting & Furniture Atelier.
Clear glass drops wrapped in "Golden Mist" fabric, 50cm x 44cm x 28 cm.
Ceiling lamp by Birger Ekman, Sweden, 1939.
Rosewood with marquetry in other exotic woods, pewter and frosted glass.
Handkerchief by Paolo Venini.
Wow, it really does look like a handkerchief! Very cool.
Vase by Vicke Lindstrand.
The Glass by Nikola Nikolov.
A cognac glass smashed to smithereens then the fragments are bounded together by copper wire.
The shape of the glass was the same, but I gave it a new life. It no longer functioned as a glass. You can't drink from it, but it acquires a new meaning as a work of art, a work of design.
Slumped Diamond 2 by Renáta Jakowleff.
Slumped Diamond by Renáta Jakowleff.
Algae Green Seaform Set, 1987 by Dale Chihuly.
Cerulean Blue Macchia with Yellow Lip Wrap, 1990 by Dale Chihuly.


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AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH. I feel like Regina George (btws this photo will have to due, but really how I feel is just like when Regina george is in the Lexus she drives and starts screaming at the top of her lungs.)
I am sooooooo over life. I don't get it. Why do some people get everything they want? I don't seem to get anything I want and I feel like I'm going crazy on top of it. Seriously, I feel like all of my life people have talked about how feminine guys are gross. Like they are the scum of the earth. So, on top of being gay, I know need to feel like shit for being feminine? Then, I have bacne.... rgh - I don't even know where to begin with that.
I'm so over it


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+359 700 12 110 (at the price of a standard phone call) Monday-Friday 8:20-17:00
Distance to the:
Hotel "Dobrotitsa" is located next to the beach, surrounded by greenery and parks. Five minutes from the hotel is the main shopping street with many souvenir shops and entertainment outlets. Hotel "Dobrotitsa" is a four-storey building, sub-divided into three buildings. Most rooms have a sea view.
First child up to 12 years old is accommodated free of charge and each additional child up to 12 y.o. pays 30% of the accommodation price
Check-in is after 14.00 and check out up to 12.00
All inclusive program: From 7.30 to 23.00
Restaurant "Dobrotitsa":
Breakfast- 07.30-10.00
Lunch - 12.30-14.30
Dinner- 18.30-21.00
Thematic evenings: Bulgarian national, Italian, seafood
Barbeque 3 times a week during dinner
Snack bar - from 11:00 to 17:00 - hot and cold snacks, desserts, fruits, ice cream
Bars: Free Bulgarian alcoholic and soft drinks, bulk wine, beer, mineral water, coffee and tea.
Lobby bar - 10.00-23.00
Pool bar - 10:00-22:00
After 23:00 all drinks are paid extra.
The guest of the hotel can use the free of charge parasol and the 2 sun-beds in the beach of "Dobrotitsa". The mattresses are extra charged. The lifeguard service is available from 8:45 to 17:15. After that the beach is unguarded. This season, we will assure you the possibility to order drinks directly on the beach.
A team of fun animators is taking care for the good mood of the quests. And to those who seek entertainment outside the hotel can visit many places in Albena like the Italian restaurant "Ti Amo", the Mexican restaurant "Tex Mex", Healthy restaurant "Zelena Iabalka", and the newest attraction – the Argentine Tango bar in hotel "Flamingo Grand". There you will enjoy an excellent national and international cuisine, cozy atmosphere and great live music.
You can also take advantage of many leisure trips which the resort offers. You can make a romantic horse-riding walk in the moonlight, rent a rickshaw or just listen to the sounds of weaves.
In hotel "Flamingo Grand" is located the SPA CENTER "Elements" – the first in Albena offering full range of spa services. Here you will find exquisite design, high standards and quality, a pleasure that will exceed all your expectations. Lovers of complete relaxation can visit the two exclusive Spa & Wellness center. The centers are located in hotel "Dobrudja" and "Ralitsa Superior" which are equipped with the most-modern facilities. Visits their will relieve you of the tension and stress and will re-charge you with positive emotions.
The hotel guests can take advantage of the numerous sporting opportunities which the complex offers – sport stadiums, horse riding, water sports, carting, darts, mini golf and more. Near the hotel there are two tennis courts.
The hotel has 138 double and double interconnecting rooms, 5 single rooms and 5 suites. Twin and double (interconnecting) rooms have two beds, large double bed and one single. The apartments consist of two rooms (bedroom and living room) with two separate bathrooms for them. The rooms are fully furnished, bright and air conditioned. All rooms are equipped with telephone, cable TV with over 20 satellite channels, bathroom with shower, balcony, mini bar and a safe-deposit box with additional payment. It is suitable for pets up to 10kg against additional fee. The hotel guests can use 1 parasol and 2 sun-beds per room around the swimming pool free of charge.
The hotel has an indoor and outdoor swimming pool. To the outdoor swimming pool belongs children pool . The indoor one is preferred for colder months, because it is heated and has a jacuzzi. The lovers of diving sports can use the service in our diving school or just to rent an equipment. Nearby the hotel, the clients, can have a bite or drink in the restaurants and pubs in the area. Shops for souvenirs and drinks, snacks and beach goods are available for everyone.
We aim to provide our guests a healthy, smoke-free recreation. By law in Bulgaria, smoking in the hotel rooms, as well as in all indoor areas is not allowed.
The animation program is led in Bulgarian, German, Russian and Romanian language.
|Prices for accommodation in Hotel Dobrotitsa season 2014
|type of room
|periods / prices* in EUR per person in a double room
|06.07- 23.08
22.06 - 05.07
24.08 -02.09
05.06 - 21.06
03.09 - 20.09
until 04.06
from 21.09
|double room
*Prices are at present. "Albena JSco" retains the right to make changes.
or your rating:
Rating: (5)
Which of the following is the most important for you when you choose hotel in Albena ?