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TERA review
On the ground it's less impressive though. Not because the fidelity is any worse, but because the game spends so much of its early hours giving you grassy plains filled with bland-looking critters. In terms of moment-to-moment splendour, Aion was both more striking and more alien. The netcode can also struggle to keep up with Unreal Engine 3. Creature pop-in is noticeable, and having to go out of your way to look for monsters makes for annoying detours.
You soon settle into the rhythm of discovering an outpost, hoovering up the available quests, before heading out into the wilds to massacre everything that moves. After The Old Republic, where a sense of story meant I listened to the most trivial mission instructions, TERA had me fall back into the old habit of not reading a single line.
None of this is fun. Uninspired quests, unchallenging enemies and uninteresting story delivery make you engage gaming autopilot. It's still strangely compelling, in the way that any super-grindy MMO is, as the slow tick of levels and better equipment appeals to some carnal desire for bigger numbers. In order to make it through this phase I took to playing old DVD boxsets in the background. I derived no enjoyment from TERA for about 21 episodes of The West Wing.
Then, suddenly, it came alive. At the start of level 20 I resented the game. By level 21 I had a quest list full of five-man missions, and was in the middle of a long, challenging dungeon full of tough, hard-hitting enemies and giant boss monsters. In group play there's finally a real sense of danger, and the combat system starts to make sense in the presence of an actual threat. Enemies lay down area-of-effect attacks, charge, jump and generally punish anyone not staying attentive and nimble.
Monsters become weirder, locations become more exotic, and you unlock further customisation options in glyphs, which can be applied to your favourite skills for stat boosts or MP reductions. It's as if all the good stuff was deliberately held back for this arbitrary point along a character's progression.
The grind isn't eliminated, with plenty of solo stretches beyond the 20 mark, but there are enough reasons to jump into a group along the way to break up the worst of the mission design.
Whether TERA can keep that momentum up into the endgame remains to be seen. At launch, all that unlocked for players who hit the level-cap of 60 were a couple of extra dungeons. As more players reach the cap over the next few weeks, the plan is to introduce PvP battlegrounds, server-wide 'Nexus' raids and a political system that will let the winning guild take power over their server – but for now, the top tier are left underserviced.
On the one hand MMOs are about the long view, and rewarding those who truly put the time in to get the most out of them. But then, if there's a lesson to take from the emergence of genuinely great free-to-play titles, it's that time is the most valuable resource you can ask of a player. TERA wastes your time, and charges £10 a month for the privilege.
That makes TERA difficult to score. I want to raise that 64% every time I jump into a group, and lower it every time I think back to the long, lonely road to that point. In the end, I've settled somewhere in the middle of those two extremes.
That number comes with both the caveat that the first 15 or so hours are genuinely insufferable, and also with the recommendation that I'm going straight back into the fray to play some more.
Heavy grind will rightly put people off, but make it to grouping and its combat shines. Some of the races are still creepy though.
Tags: MMORPG, Ubisoft, TERA, Frogster, Bluehole Studios,


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Fiber optic cables (pictured) could help prove the theories behind the new "space time" cloak concept.
Material would adjust speed of light to hide actions, physicists say.
It's no illusion: Science has found a way to make not just objects but entire events disappear.
According to new research by British physicists, it's theoretically possible to create a material that can hide an entire bank heist from human eyes and surveillance cameras.
"The concepts are basically quite simple," said Paul Kinsler, a physicist at Imperial College London, who created the idea with colleagues Martin McCall and Alberto Favaro.
Unlike invisibility cloaks—some of which have been made to work at very small scales—the event cloak would do more than bend light around an object.
Instead this cloak would use special materials filled with metallic arrays designed to adjust the speed of light passing through.
In theory, the cloak would slow down light coming into the robbery scene while the safecracker is at work. When the robbery is complete, the process would be reversed, with the slowed light now racing to catch back up.
If the "before" and "after" visions are seamlessly stitched together, there should be no visible trace that anything untoward has happened. One second there's a closed safe, and the next second the safe has been emptied.
(via @eglinski)

subset: commoncrawl


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Research Criminal Justice Degrees for a Criminologist or Criminalist Career
What criminal justice degree do you need to enter one of these two criminal justice careers?
Criminologists and Criminalists
If you want to get a criminal justice degree, you have to first know which criminal justice field you're interested in. And there is some confusion between them.
For instance, when you hear the terms "criminalist" and "criminologist," you have to admit that they are just a little bit confusing.
But they are quite distinct jobs, and no one with a criminal justice degree would ever mix them up.
Keep reading to learn the difference between criminalists and criminologists.
The Field of Criminalistics
Criminalistics is the forensic science of analyzing and interpreting evidence using the natural sciences. Forensic science pertains to all sciences applied to legal problems and helps law enforcement agents solve crimes. Criminalists examine physical evidence to reconstruct a crime scene. Physical evidence can be a weapon, a piece of clothing, a bloodstain or drugs. Fingerprints, bullets and shoe impressions are some of the important clues that criminalists analyze.
A criminalist is a person with a background in science, typically having at least a bachelor's degree in an area such as chemistry, biology, forensic science or a criminal justice degree. Criminalists work in crime laboratories and at crime scenes.
Degree Specialties
Below are some of the forensic specialties that you can pursue with a criminal justice degree:
- Firearms and Ballistics: Criminalists provide information to investigators about the caliber and type of firearms used in a crime. Scratches are left on bullets by the barrel of a gun so when a firearm is recovered, these marks can help identify the firearm and link it to a crime.
- Trace Evidence: Criminalists also analyze trace evidence in fibers, hair, soil, glass, pollen, explosives, food and just about anything involved in a crime. No training will prepare criminalists for every kind of evidence they will encounter since each case is unique, but trace evidence is covered in all the best criminal justice degree programs.
- DNA and Serology: Since the 1980s, DNA techniques have begun to be applied to forensic cases. Any tissue from the body carrying DNA may be used to identify a person. Increasingly, innocent people have also been released from prison based on DNA evidence analyzed by criminologists.
- Drugs, Alcohol and Toxicology: Criminalists use their knowledge of chemistry to identify controlled substances in drugs and body fluids.
Forensic science includes the following specialty areas that you may also study in a criminal justice degree program:
- biology
- digital and multimedia sciences
- engineering
- entomology
- odontology
- pathology
- physical anthropology
- toxicology
Finally, criminalists may testify in courts of law, educating the judge and jury about the conclusions reached in the laboratory. Criminalists teach jurors about the techniques that were used in their analysis, the results obtained and interpretations derived from their conclusions.
Criminology in the Realm of Criminal Justice
Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals and corrections. A criminologist studies normal social behaviors and deviations from the norm. Criminologists are often academics who study crime and the law. They often have a criminal justice degree that helps them provide theoretical explanations of delinquent and criminal behavior.
Criminologists work with law enforcement agencies to develop profiles of particular types of crimes and gather statistics on crime rates. This helps law enforcement agents prevent crime before it happens, or may help them apprehend criminals once a crime has been committed.
A good criminologist needs to demonstrate creativity, analytical thinking and problem-solving. Criminologists generally need a criminal justice degree, preferably with a minor in psychology or sociology.
Degrees with a Focus on Criminology
Undergraduate criminal justice degrees include coursework in government, sociology, psychology, juvenile delinquency, criminal law, constitutional law and criminal theory.
Additional coursework includes forensics, abnormal psychology, corrections and statistics. Advanced criminal justice degrees are necessary for those who choose to teach or conduct professional research, and often for professional advancement.
Entry-level criminologists conduct data collection, catalogue information about the possible causes of crime and compile crime statistics. More advanced criminologists also analyze and develop crime prevention strategies.
Where Criminologists Work
- Universities and government agencies employ professional criminologists for advanced teaching, and research and policy assessment.
- Criminologists may work in universities teaching criminal justice, criminology, legal studies, law or sociology.
- Federal and state justice agencies employ criminologists as research officers and policy advisers.
- Criminologists are found in many different settings: airport security, corrections systems, probation or parole officers, drug enforcement agencies, FBI, TSA, Department of Homeland Security and other law enforcement agencies.
Criminal Investigation & Forensics Career Guide
Careers in Criminal Investigation & Forensics
- Ballistics
- DNA or Fingerprinting?
- Computer Forensics
- Fingerprint Specialist
- Forensic Accountant
- Forensic Photographer
- Arson Investigator
- Forensic Nursing
- Forensic Psychology
- Forensic Science
- Unusual Careers in Criminology
Forensic & Criminologist Education
- Degree Options
- Criminologist Degrees
- Forensic Pathology Studies and the Body Farm
- Forensic Psychology Masters
Related Reading
Since you're interested in forensic science degrees and careers you may also be interested in:


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A study from Disruptive Communications in the UK shows which groups hold these issues against social media content producers.
Grammar and being too salesy are no-nos according to this study. The younger you go on the scale, however, the less likely grammar impacts anything.
Most people flagged up poor spelling and grammar as their number one turn-off. This is interesting because so often in social media we see brands being much less formal and even using heavily abbreviated txt speak, perhaps in an effort to appear more laid back and human. The survey findings show that this could actually be counter-productive and is more likely to annoy people than win their trust.
Broadly speaking the results were very similar across all age groups and between the different genders, with one notable exception. When we drilled down into the 18-24 age group, we found their biggest complaint was brands not updating frequently enough, which happened to be at the very bottom of the list for all other age groups.
Hw does grammar impact your experience with social media? Does it matter to you? Does it get in the way of your enjoyment or is it just not anything to get your knickers in a twist over?
Let us know in the comments.


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Re "You hit, you're out" (Editorial, March 23): As one who loves the game of football and played and coached it for more than 40 years, I share your hopes, if not your optimism, that the NFL will adopt a well-crafted rule similar to the NCAA's regarding helmet contact. However, judging from the league's recent lack of decisive action, I believe the NFL is more content to posture than address the issue honestly and responsibly.
Patriots fans will vividly recall the brutal brain blow delivered to the Pats' Stevan Ridley by the Baltimore Ravens' Bernard Pollard during the AFC championship game, knocking Ridley out of consciousness and the game. That was and still is legal contact under NFL rules, which provide helmet-to-helmet protection only to defenseless receivers and quarterbacks while leaving running backs and other players to fend for themselves.


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Application & Submission
Applications for the 2013 MedStars session (July 16-20) are due April 5, 2013.
To apply, you will need the following:
- The application form
- Two reference forms (included in application above) to be completed by at least one teacher and one of the following: health professional, school counselor, adult mentor, coach, or spiritual leader.
- A $50 application fee (this fee is refundable if you are not accepted or if you are accepted and receive a scholarship). For questions about the application fee, please contact your regional coordinator.
Your references must be faxed or mailed directly by the evaluator to the MedStars office at the address on the form. Your application and references must be complete by the deadline in order to be accepted.
If you have questions about the application procedure, please contact the MedStars office:
Beth E. Rodgers, Oregon AHEC Education Outreach Coordinator
3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Mail Code L612
Portland, OR 97239
Phone: 503 494-2528
Fax: 503 494-0626


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The daily five items that Rocky Hill residents need to know for Monday, Aug. 13.
What's the Weather?
The National Weather Service predicts a humid day with a high near high 87 and a low around 65. Patchy fog is expected before 8 a.m.
Rain Creates Flooding at Library
The heavy down pour last week caused the patio at the to flood on Friday afternoon.
The worked alongside employees from the park and recreation and facilities departments to bail water out before any serious damage was caused to the patio, according to the library's Facebook page.
Let Patch save you time. Get great local stories like this delivered right to your inbox or smartphone every day with our free newsletter. Simple, fast sign-up here.
Bella Flora Store Owner Named VP For Chamber
A former executive director for the and manager for Mary Thielke was elected vice president last week.
Thielke has been with Bella Flora for almost four years and has been the manager for a year and a half. Her husband, Benz, who is a hairdresser in West Hartford helps her with chamber events and at the store on certain holidays.
In 2008, Thielke served as the executive director at the chamber for two years. During her tenure, she rose its membership from 140 to 200 and started . She was nominated to the board of directors about one year ago.
Thielke has two children, Brandon, 20, and Schantal, 24. Brandon is in his senior year at the university of Connecticut to become al awyer and Schantal is a maxillofacial surgical assistant.
You Scream, I Scream, We Scream For Ice Cream
The will hold an on Aug. 17 from 6:30 to 8 p.m.
Anyone is welcome to make ice cream sundaes at no charge while enjoying fellowship with members of the church community.
If you'd like to post your own event on Rocky Hill Patch it's easy. Just sign in and follow this link.
Forms Needed to Play High School Sports
Any student planning to play fall sports for during the 2012 season must complete the required registration forms before they can step onto the field.
The forms, which must be returned before fall practice starts, are available by clicking the following link or in the main office at the high school. Practice for football begins Aug. 20 and the rest of the sports will begin on Aug. 25.
"No student/athlete will be allowed to try out with a high school team
unless all forms are returned before practice begins and you have a
current health physical," according to an email from school.
All information on the times and dates for fall practices is available on the school's website.
For more information, call Director of Athletics and Student Activities Richard Seidman at 860-258-7721.
You are welcome to post your announcements at the following link, http://rockyhill.patch.com/announcements/new.
Enjoy reading Patch? Show us some love! Follow us on Twitter or like us on Facebook.


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BARTHOLOMEW CO., Ind. (NEWS RELEASE) -- Wednesday morning, Oct. 9, two semis involved in a crash resulted in a major traffic back up on I-65.
According to Senior Trooper Stephen Wheeles, at 6:00 a.m. a 2007 Freightliner semi tractor-trailer rig driven by 53-year-old George Brewington of Lexington, Ky. was just pulling back out onto northbound I-65 near the 59 mile marker after being parked on the shoulder of the roadway when a northbound 2004 Volvo semi tractor-trailer rig driven by 38-year-old Tony Robinson of Lawrenceburg, Ky. struck the rear of the Freightliner causing extensive damage to both vehicles. Neither driver was injured in the crash but I-65 northbound was limited to one lane for several hours causing a traffic back up of several miles.
Sergeant Brian Wilson reported at 6:35 a.m., a 2006 Yamaha motorcycle driven by 52-year-old Donald J. Klaes of Seymour was northbound on I-65 near the 57.5 mile marker when he had to stop suddenly due to the traffic back up from the semi crash. Klaes lost control of the bike and was thrown where he landed head first onto the roadway. He was transported to Columbus Regional Hospital for possible fractured ribs and other internal injuries. Klaes was wearing a helmet at the time of the crash. Sgt. Wilson commented, "His helmet had extensive damage but probably saved his life."


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Once again, here is a map taken from Vol. 2 of Edward A. Freeman's History of the Norman Conquest of England. (Click twice to bring map to full size.) According to the author, as the early ecclesiastics converted the Kings and people to Christianity, each kingdom (or principality) formed a new diocese that was given the name of the tribe, rather than the name of a city (as on the Continent). There were a few exceptions; the Bishops of York, London, and Rochester were named after their city. Apparently the boundaries of the Bishopricks were quite fluid, especially when someone died and the dioceses were redistributed. I believe this map represents the state of affairs around 1046 or so, after the death of Bishop Lyfing (who went to Rome with Canute) when the Bishopricks of Devonshire and Cornwall were combined to become Exeter.
Bishopricks of England under Edward the ConfessorAugust 23, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | No Comments | Filed in Macbeth
Gruffydd ap Llewelyn Prince of Wales (Guest post by Ky White)August 10, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | 1 Comment | Filed in General 11th Century topics
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was born about 1010, the elder of two sons of Llywelyn ap Seisyll, who had been able to rule both Gwynedd and Powys. On Llywelyn's death in 1023, a member of the Aberggraw dynasty, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, became ruler of Gwynedd. Gruffydd, according to an early story, had been a lazy youth, but one New Year's Eve he was driven out of the house by his exasperated sister. Leaning against the wall of another house, he heard a cook who was boiling pieces of beef in a cauldron complain that there was one piece of meat which kept coming to the top of the cauldron, however often it was thrust down. Gruffydd took the comment to apply to himself, and began his rise to power.
In 1055 Gruffydd ap Llywelyn killed his rival Gruffydd ap Rhydderch in battle, and recaptured Deheubarth. Gruffydd now allied himself with Aelfgar, son of Earl Leofric of Mercia, who had been deprived of his earldom of East Anglia by Harold Godwinson and his brothers. They marched on Hereford and were opposed by a force led by the earl of Hereford, Ralph 'the Timid'. This force was mounted and armed in the Norman fashion, but on 24 October Gruffydd defeated it. He then sacked the city and destroyed its Norman castle. Earl Harold was given the task of counter-attacking, and seems to have built a fortification at Longtown in the Golden Valley of Herefordshire before refortifying Hereford. Shortly afterwards Aelfgar was restored to his earldom and a peace treaty concluded.
About 1056 Gruffydd married Ealdgyth, daughter of Aelfgar. They had three children, of whom their daughter Nesta would have progeny. Around this time Gruffydd was also able to seize Morgannwg and Gwent, along with extensive territories along the border with England. In 1056 he won another victory over an English army near Glasbury. He now claimed sovereignty over the whole of Wales – a claim which was recognised by the English.
Gruffydd reached an agreement with England's King Edward 'the Confessor', but the death of his ally Aelfgar in 1062 left him more vulnerable. In late 1062 Harold Godwinson obtained the king's approval for a surprise attack on Gruffydd's court at Rhuddlan. Gruffydd was nearly captured, but was warned in time to escape out to sea in one of his ships, though his other ships were destroyed. In the spring of 1063 Harold's brother Tostig led an army into north Wales while Harold led the fleet first to south Wales and then north to meet with his brother's army. Gruffydd was forced to take refuge in Snowdonia, but at this stage his own men killed him, on 5 August 1063 according to the _Bruy y Tywysogion_ chronicle.
(The _Ulster Chronicle_ states that in 1063 he was killed by Cynan ap Iago, whose father Iago ab Idwal had been put to death by Gruffydd in 1039. Gruffydd had probably made enemies in the course of uniting Wales under his rule. Walter Map had preserved a comment from Gruffydd himself about this: 'Speak not of killing; I but blunt the horns of the offspring of Wales lest they should injure their dam'.) Gruffydd's head and the figurehead of his ship were sent to Harold Godwinson.
Following Gruffydd's death, Harold married his widow Ealdgyth, though she was to be widowed again three years later. Gruffydd's realm was divided again into the traditional kingdom. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn and his brother Rhiwallon came to an agreement with Harold and were given the rule of Gwynedd and Powys. Thus when Harold, as King Harold II of England, was defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Normans reaching the borders of Wales were confronted by the traditional kingdoms rather than a single king. In 1069 Gruffydd's two sons challenged Bleddyn and Rhiwallon at the battle of Mechain in an attempt to win back part of their father's kingdom. However they were defeated, one being killed and the other dying of exposure after the battle.
(Avid historian & family historian, Ky White is an 8 generation Texan and from early English, Scottish, & Scots-Irish stock. I have a mechanical engineering degree from the U.S. Military Academy and a masters degree in History from Sam Houston State U. I try to post a daily diary of medieval events on FB.)
English Earldoms of 1065July 21, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | No Comments | Filed in General 11th Century topics
Once again, here is another map from Edward A. Freeman's History of the Norman Conquest of England compiled by him based on signed charters, chronicle entries, royal writs, and other historical notes. This is a useful snapshot of the end of Edward the Confessor's reign. According to Freeman, the last great division of earldoms came about in 1057 after the death of Earl Leofric of Mercia, when his son Aelfgar was translated from East Anglia to Mercia. This left East Anglia to be portioned off to the younger sons of Godwine. Aelfgar died between 1062-1065, and Mercia went directly to his elder son Eadwine.
By November of 1065, Tostig had been driven out of Northumbria, usurped by Morkere, younger son of Aelfgar. That whole episode took the form of a revolt, later reluctantly confirmed by King Edward. The outlying section of Northumberland (Northampton and Huntingdon) were bestowed on Waltheof, son of the old Earl Siward; he was passed over as Earl of Northumbria when his father died in 1055 because he was only a child.
I find it interesting that "the ancient boundaries both of Wessex and of East-Anglia were freely tampered with" when Leofwine's earldom was defined. Although the west side of Harold's earldom was enlarged to encompass Ralph of Mantes Earldom of Herefordshire (probably in 1057), Harold gave up Kent and Buckingshire to his younger brother. Freeman states that the city of London never fell under the jurisdiction of any earl; the Londoners were self-governing.
Apparently the earldoms of Mercia and East Anglia were the most fluid; the borders were changed around and they were occasionally dismembered several times in Edward's reign. It is possible that some of the subordinate earls mentioned in charters were answerable to the great earls in this time frame, and much of this confusion dates back to Canute's reign. Additionally, it is more than possible that some of the Danish chieftains signed charters as Earl but did not command any holdings in England. It's as clear as mud!
If you haven't already seen it, you can view Freeman's Earldoms in 1045 here.
What is Trial by Compurgation?July 13, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | No Comments | Filed in Earl Godwine of Wessex, General 11th Century topics
While researching my current manuscript, GODWINE KINGMAKER, I bumped into a comment dropped by E.A. Freeman. He was talking about King Harthacnut's accusation that Godwine was responsible for the murder of Alfred Aetheling. Speaking of the trial, Freeman mentioned "compurgation…was looked on as the most effectual proof of innocence." I glanced over this passage then stopped short and had to go back. Compurgation? What is that?
Well, it turns out that Trial by Compurgation was the most common method used in the Middle Ages to determine the innocence of an accused. Also called "Wager of Law", this method was actually used in some forms of civil cases all the way into the 19th century. Here's what it entails: the accused party takes an oath of innocence. Then he calls forth a predetermined number of "oath-helpers" (or compurgators), usually 11 or 12 friends or neighbors, who are prepared to declare that they believe he is telling the truth. These oath-helpers aren't required to have any specific knowledge of the crime; they are more like character witnesses who could be held responsible if the accused profited from his freedom. The higher the status of the oath-helper, the more weight their opinions held.
According to Freeman, "Godwine asserted his own innocence on oath, and his solemn plea of Not Guilty was confirmed by the oaths of most of the Earls and chief Thegns of England…Godwine's acquittal was as solemn as any acquittal could be. All the chief men of England swore to their belief in his innocence." (Vol. 1 p.510, History of the Norman Conquest.)
If a defendant did not have access to compurgators, he could be required to submit to an old-fashioned Trial by Ordeal: Ordeal of Fire (remember Emma of Normandy and the burning ploughshares), Ordeal of Boiling Water, Ordeal of Cold Water, and of course plenty of variations depending on the will of the arbitrator. These make Trial by Compurgation rather tame by comparison!
In the end, it would seem that Godwine's innocence was not believed by everyone, as the stigma of Alfred's death dogged him until the end. In fact, during his last meal with the King, the story goes that Godwine declared that he should choke on a piece of bread if he was guilty…and of course, that's just what happened. (No, Godwine is my hero and I don't believe this propaganda!)
William the Conqueror's Landing, 1066May 10, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | 3 Comments | Filed in Battle of Hastings, 1066, General 11th Century topics, The Sons of Godwine, William the Conqueror
I remember my first trip to England somewhere around 1990 or so. I headed directly south to Hastings, for I had been studying about the great event and wanted to see the battlefield for myself. Of course, travel itineraries were much harder to plan in those days, but I saw no reason to doubt that I would find what I was looking for as long as I had a good map. Well, I was certainly in for a surprise!
As I recall, Hastings was a sleepy little city. Yes, there is a castle ruins there, but no battlefield. As I was soon to discover, much to my embarrassment, the battle was fought about 7 miles north of Hastings at a place called Battle (no wonder!). Nor did William the Conqueror land at Hastings; his ships touched land about 10 miles to the west at a spot known to history as Pevensey and to locals as Normans Bay (there's even a train stop).
William had quickly assembled a great fleet, since he only started planning the invasion that very year. Mostly built for transport (unlike the great warships of the Vikings), they were single masted open boats with a sail and many were attached to smaller boats. Wace numbers the fleet at 696, though others state he brought over 3000; the larger number possibly included all sized crafts. Sir Charles Oman estimated that the Norman force numbered 12,000-14,000, though others estimated as many as 60,000. It's probably safer to stay with the lower number, considering the size of the battlefield.
William had planned to invade England months earlier; in August of that year, the Norman ships had gathered at the mouth of the river Dive. If he had succeeded in crossing the Channel when he wanted to, Harold would have been on hand to contest his landing, for the King was diligently guarding the southern coast with his Saxon levies. But the winds were against the invaders and William was delayed a month at Dive, then after an aborted attempt to cross, he spent another couple of weeks up the coast at Saint Valery.
Finally, on the 27th of September, the winds changed and the Normans raced to their ships, although it took all day to load supplies and horses. Edward A. Freeman paints a picture of celebration while they were preparing: "The ships resounded with music; the pipe, the zittern, the drum, the cymbals, all were heard, and the voice of the trumpet sounded proudly over all." (Vol. 3, p. 399). When William boarded it was already dark, so he ordered all the ships to put a light on their mast and he placed a huge lantern atop his own Mora to be the guiding star of the fleet.
William's was one of the few ships that did not carry horses, and this is probably the reason he outstripped the rest of the fleet while crossing the Channel. When the sun arose the next day, he was stunned to see himself all alone; not another ship was to be seen. Undaunted, the Duke ordered that they drop anchor and he cheerfully sat down to breakfast, though he encouraged his sailor to climb back up to the mast head and keep watch. Before long the sailor saw four ships, and soon, "he saw such a multitude that their masts looked like a forest upon the waves."
William's luck was with them. Not only was the crossing almost without incident (two ships were lost, including one that carried a soothsayer who prophesied that England would fall without a blow), they were astounded to discover the long beach deserted. No Saxon host stood ready to repel the invaders because unbeknownst to William, King Harold had hastened north to defend his country against a totally different threat: the Norwegian King Harald Hardraada.
Duke William was the first warrior to set foot on land — though his foot slipped out from under him and he fell forward on both hands. Horrors! A loud cry went up around him, for his men saw this accident as a terrible omen. But William kept his wits about him. Grabbing two fistfuls of sand, he cried out, "By the splendor of God I have taken seizen of my kingdom; the earth of England is in my two hands," thus transforming bad luck into good fortune and saving the day.
Encouraged, the Normans disembarked in good order, still expecting resistance from the English. But none was forthcoming and the invaders most likely drew their ships onto the beach. It is thought a small garrison was left to guard the ships, utilizing the ruins of a Roman fort on the site. It is possible that the Normans build one of their portable wooden fortresses there, but this is debated. They did not bring many provisions with them, and Pevensey was not the ideal site for foraging. The Normans probably only spent one day there before moving their force east to Hastings, which was set as William's permanent camp. They dug a trench, formed an earthen mound and erected a wooden fortress at their new location. It was now September 29 and William had plenty of time to set about terrorizing the locals in earnest so as to draw King Harold back to meet him in fateful battle.
Canute's Palace at BoshamApril 18, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | No Comments | Filed in King Canute
I keep wondering whether the Anglo-Saxons or Danes had an interest in Roman history. After all, they must have stumbled across plenty of ruins, and maybe even a surviving building or two. It was gratifying to see the Viking TV show episode where King Ecbert revealed his Roman treasure trove to Athelstan. Why not? I'm sure the moderns aren't the only people interested in ancient history. So I was very interested to discover that it was thought that King Canute may have erected his Bosham palace on the foundations of Vespasian's villa, built when the Romans had an encampment there. Vespasian commanded the Second Legion Augusta which is thought to have landed at Bosham in A.D. 44 and saw active service against the Durotriges and the Belgae tribes in southern England.
Here are some items what historians have listed relating to the Roman occupation at Bosham: they know that Chichester Harbor was used as a Roman port (called Magnus Portus). They found a Roman foundation under Trinity Church. In 1800, a colossal head (much eroded) was discovered in a garden; it is thought to have belonged to Emperor Trajan's statue sited at the entrance to the harbor. A legionary helmet of late-Claudian period was reportedly dredged up in the harbor. Excavations uncovered pottery, midden pits, even wallplaster and opus signinum (Roman waterproof mortar). In the 19th century a roman footbath was discovered in Bull's Garden, next to Bosham churchyard. In 1832 near Broadbridge house, they discovered the foundations of a building, with walls over 2 feet thick and 6 feet deep with a 6 foot circular bath, an atrium and other rooms, thought to have been used by the troops. Antoninus coins were found embedded in the tile mortar. It is said that archaeologists found the remnants of an ampitheatre, and also a Roman mill-race (possibly the same where Canute's daughter drowned). And so, the list goes on and on.
Canute's residence has been customarily called Stone Wall and was probably sited near the harbor. Remnants of a large trough possibly for holding drinking water were discovered nearby. Some think he built his villa on the spot of the old manor house. It seems that the exact location of both Canute's and Vespasian's villa are still disputed… and even their very existence. However, local tradition goes a long way, and I say it trumps the experts every time… at least for the Historical Novelist!
Gytha, wife of GodwineMarch 9, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | 1 Comment | Filed in Earl Godwine of Wessex, General 11th Century topics
Overshadowed by their husbands or subject to their father's ambitions, noble medieval women had to be pretty plucky to carve out a niche in the history books. Gytha Thorkelsdóttir was related to so many famous (and mostly tragic) figures that it is amazing we know so little about her.
Raised in Denmark, she was the sister of Earl Ulf who served Canute as Regent of Denmark before his unfortunate death (reportedly killed by Canute's order). Her father Thorkel (also known as Torkel, Torgils, or Thorgil) was said to have been the grandson of a bear and a Swedish maiden. Of course, having a bear as an ancestor is only mentioned when referring to a male (like Ulf), but I can only assume the a female of the line would absorb the same characteristics?
Ulf was married to Canute's sister, which made Gytha part of his family. So it may have been a great surprise to Gytha when King Canute married her off to his favorite, Godwine. Probably from a less than stellar background (his father was an out-of-favor Thegn in England), Godwine's rapid rise to power was destined to make him the most important man in England after the king. But he hadn't achieved this status yet, though he may have been Earl of Wessex when they married. I doubt whether Gytha was given a choice.
They did have a large family: at least 10, possibly 11 children. Among their brood was Edith, later Queen of England married to Edward the Confessor and Harold Godwineson, last Saxon King of England. However, it was her misfortune out outlive at least six of them; she lost three in one day at the Battle of Hastings, for Harold died alongside his brothers Gyrth and Leofwine. And of course this was only two weeks after the death of Tostig at the Battle of Stamfordbridge. How a mother felt seeing two sons face each other as enemies across the battlefield can only be surmised.
So Gytha was the mother of a king and of a queen and many earls. She was also the aunt of King Sweyn II of Denmark. It was written that Gytha petitioned William the Conqueror to let her take Harold's body and even offered to pay him its weight in gold, but William refused, fearing the Saxons would turn it into a shrine. However, local legend at Bosham declares that the unidentified bones beneath the floor of the church belong to Harold who was secretly buried there after the fact. The family estates were confiscated by William the Conqueror after Hastings, and it is thought that Gytha returned to her native Denmark. She probably died four years later.
The Treaty of OlneyFebruary 17, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | No Comments | Filed in King Canute
In the year 1016, the succession was bitterly contested between Edmund Ironside and Canute the Dane. Edmund the Aetheling was elected King by the citizens of London, and Canute was elected King by the Witan in Southampton. Although Edmund stoutly aided London in its defense against the Danes, he frequently left the city in order to draw the Danes away from their siege. This resulted in at least five major battles in the south, the last of which, the Battle of Assandun, ended in disaster for the Saxons because of the treachery of Eadric Streona, who took to flight with his forces and turned the tide against Edmund.
The Saxons withdrew but the Danes followed them up the Severn river into Gloucestershire, finally stopping at an island called Olney (or Alney). There, in deference to the chieftains of the land who had had enough (led by Eadric Streona, who somehow retained the goodwill of Edmund Ironside), the two Kings decided to solve the issue by single combat. This is according to the chroniclers, as unlikely as it sounds.
The Saxon King was said to have been the stronger fighter and soon hammered the Dane, breaking his shield and beating him down when Canute called a stop to the fight. "Bravest of youths," he cried out, "why should either of us risk his life for the sake of a crown?" Edmund paused, considering. "Let us be brothers by adoption," the Dane continued, "and divide the kingdom, governing so that I may rule your affairs, and you mine." (this came from Florence of Worcester).
The single combat story is probably apocryphal, but the ensuing treaty is not. According to their agreement, Canute was to rule Northumbria and Danish Mercia, while Edmund was ruler of Wessex, Essex, East Anglia, and English Mercia. It's unclear who was supposed to rule London (I found it stated both ways), but in the end, the Londoners were obliged to come up with their own tribute payment to Canute and permit him to anchor his ships in the Thames for winter, so I guess the result speaks for itself.
Most importantly, it was stated that this treaty excluded brothers and children of the two Kings; if either was to die, all the possessions would revert to the other. And so when Edmund Ironside died suddenly in the winter of 1016, Canute took the crown and made sure to bring the witnesses forward to confirm the terms of the treaty. An exhausted England accepted his claim without demurring.
Who was Eadric Streona?February 6, 2014 by Mercedes Rochelle | No Comments | Filed in General 11th Century topics, King Canute
In the days of Edmund Ironside, the name Eadric Streona keeps popping up at the most critical moments… and not in a happy way. It seems that this slippery Mercian Earl must have had incredible powers of persuasion, because he kept turning up no matter how often he changed sides. No one seemed to know whether he was working as a spy for Canute or as an advisor to Edmund, and no one seemed to understand why the Saxon King could trust him. Where did this man come from?
Streona was not the last name of Eadric of Mercia; rather, it was a nickname which roughly translates to "the Acquisitor". He became Earl of Mercia in 1007, apparently as a result of murder, or rather, doing King Aethelred's dirty work while acquiring the lands of tax defaulters. He married the king's daughter Eadgyth in 1009, which made him brother-in-law to Edmund Ironside.
In 1015, Eadric procured the murder of Siferth and Morcar, two leading thegns in the Danelaw. We can assume that he did this for Aethelred, since the King confiscated their estates and ordered the arrest of Siferth's widow. Following this episode, Edmund (not yet Ironside), in defiance of his father, carried off the widow and made her his wife. So Edmund became lord of the so-called Five Boroughs in the East Midlands, while Canute was hostile to the Danelaw at the time. Edmund and Eadric began raising troops to fight Canute, but since Edmund had just married the widow of the thegn Eadric had murdered, Streona was soon plotting to betray him. Within four months after Canute's arrival in England, Eadric had sworn homage to the Danish chief along with forty Mercian ships.
In 1016, Aethelred the Unready died and Edmund the Aetheling was immediately elected King by the citizens of London. Unfortunately for him, Canute was elected King by the Witan in Southampton, thus causing a dilemma that wreaked havoc for the next seven months. London bravely withstood three sieges by Canute, and King Edmund did his best to draw the Danes away from the city. Eadric was present at every major battle, first on one side then the other.
His first infamy was at the Battle of Sherstone, fought on the border of Wessex and Mercia. Eadric sided with Canute, and on the second day he smote off the head of a warrior who looked like Edmund Ironside and held it up to the King's army, shouting that the King was slain. The English wavered, about to take flight when Edmund tore off his own helmet, exclaimed that he lived and threw a spear at the traitor. Unfortunately, the spear missed Eadric and skewered someone next to him. The King's army rallied but the day ended in a draw.
The Danes went back to their ships, but Eadric returned to his brother-in-law and swore fealty to him. No one knows why, but Edmund took the Mercian Earl back into his favor. The King levied a new army and closely pressed the Danes who were on the run, but Eadric was said to have contrived to detain Edmund long enough for the Danes to recover. Then, at the battle of Assandun, in charge of his own troops, Eadric suddenly turned tail and fled from the field, causing great slaughter.
For some reason, Eadric was still in King Edmund's confidence, and after the defeat of Assandun managed to persuade the King to meet Canute in person. The two kings met on an island in the Severn and ultimately agreed to divide England between them, with the understanding that each King was the other's heir. Poor Edmund did not survive the year; although no accusation of foul play was agreed upon by chroniclers, it was thought by many that Eadric quietly did away with Edmund Ironside.
As for Eadric Streona, Canute's henchman had outlived his usefulness. Although he had retained his Earldom of Mercia, Eadric is said to have expected more rewards and upbraided Canute for his lack of appreciation. Some went so far as to state that Eadric claimed he killed Edmund for Canute, but I suspect this is poetic license. Regardless, it is certain that Canute had him killed at the Christmas Gemot. My favorite story is that he had Earl Eric cut off his head and throw it out the window into the Thames. How very appropriate!
Robert Curthose, son of William the ConquerorDecember 30, 2012 by Mercedes Rochelle | 4 Comments | Filed in General 11th Century topics, William the Conqueror
When we study the succession of post-conquest English kings, we often forget that England might not be their primary interest. This may be the reason that William the Conqueror groomed his eldest son to inherit the Dukedom of Normandy and gave the English crown to a younger brother. Or was it because Robert, surnamed Curthose was a bit of a wastrel and couldn't be depended on to manage his tempestuous new conquest?
Robert does not present a very appealing picture. He is described as short and fat with a heavy face, but at the same time it is said he was a powerful warrior, generous and bold and likeable. However, like the later Henry II and his eldest son Henry the Young King, poor Robert was given Normandy as his inheritance, but not allowed to rule or even receive any revenue with which to pay his followers. Nor did William share any of the spoils of his new kingdom of England with his eldest son. William expected him to be content with an empty title and bide his time until William was ready to die.
Robert had other ideas and bitterly reproached his father, to no avail. Finally, frustrated, impoverished, he surrounded himself with his friends who were also sons of nobles and wandered hither and yon, invoking aid from William's tempestuous underlords and waging rebellion against his father. There is no doubt that he was also helped by the King of France, who was always ready to wreak havoc with William. Finally, the French King permitted Robert to occupy the castle of Gerberol on the borders of Normandy and France, and William had to take a firm stand against his errant son. Laying siege to the castle in 1079, William received his first ever wound, unluckily by the hand of his own son. At the same moment, an arrow killed William's horse and he fell to the ground, expecting to receive the final death blow, but was saved by a loyal Englishman who gave up his own life. In the fighting that followed, even William Rufus was wounded defending his father, and the Conqueror retreated, leaving the victory to his rebellious son.
Humiliated, William retreated to Rouen and the rebellious Robert, perhaps in remorse, took his followers and passed over to Flanders. Although William was incensed, he listened to the arguments of the nobles in Normany, many of whom were fathers of Robert's companions. They urged him to reconcile and he eventually agreed, receiving his son and friends and renewing the succession, as before.
When William the Conqueror died in 1087, Robert and William II made an agreement to be each other's heir, but this arrangement was short-lived and the wily Norman barons sought to get rid of the stronger brother (the King of England) in favor of the weaker brother they thought they could control. In the following year, the rebel Barons fortified their castles in England and, led by William the Conqueror's elder half-brothers Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain marched against William Rufus in the expectation that Robert would bring supporters from Normandy and join their forces. Alas for them, bad weather forced Robert back across the channel and the rebellion collapsed.
In 1096, Robert went on Crusade, not to return until five years later – too late to stop his younger brother Henry from taking the crown of England on the death of William II. He led an invasion that came to nothing, and eventually annoyed Henry so much that the new King of England invaded Normandy instead, capturing Robert in 1106 and imprisoning him for the rest of his life. Robert lived in captivity another 28 years and died in his early 80s.


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Category Archives: Psalms
Speech-Act in the Psalms
"Speech-act theory [SAT] insists that language does not exist idly to make certain sounds, but is always language in action, and usually communicative action" (Briggs). SAT can be taught well or poorly and the difference is how clearly the teacher brings to bear the "so what" of why it matters in the first place.
If you're going to explain the "so what" of SAT, and you want to avoid abstractions, the psalms are a great place to do it. By praying or sing the psalms we are not merely reciting idle sounds with our tongues. We are performing. This is especially true because language is part of our covenant relationship, as we will see shortly.
I appreciate how Gordon Wenham explains the "so what" in his forthcoming book, The Psalter Reclaimed: Praying and Praising with the Psalms (Crossway, Feb. 2013). Here's a spattering of quotes. Perhaps it will spark more interest in the book or in SAT and its implications for our devotions, our local churches, and all forms of corporate speech.
Page 27:
Promises change a situation by imposing obligations on the speaker and creating expectations in the listener. A promise is an example of a speech act. Wedding vows are speech acts too. The key words in a marriage ceremony are spoken publicly and before God. "I A take you B to be my wedded wife/husband, to have and to hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and health, to love and to cherish, till death us do part."
One trusts that brides and grooms pronounce these words after careful thought beforehand and with complete sincerity on the big day. The words themselves transform their status: the two become man and wife. Thus the words are performative.
Page 120:
To say, "I give thanks to Thee, O Lord, with my whole heart" is not merely informing God about one's feelings, but also performing an act of thanksgiving in itself.
Pages 34–35:
To sum up, singing or praying the psalms is a performative, typically a commissive, act: saying these solemn words to God alters one's relationship in a way that mere listening does not. This is not a new insight. St. Paul saw confession of faith as altering one's status before God: "If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved" (Rom. 10:9–10).
Paul's argument may be applied to the Psalms. Throughout the Psalter one is confessing that the Lord is God, and as the Psalms often insist, this is supposed to be a confession that comes from a pure and sincere heart. And it is certainly salvation that the Psalmist seeks: time and again he pleads to God to save him, to deliver him, to hear his prayer, and so on. Whether or not this always occurs is not my purpose to discuss now. I simply want to draw out some of the similarities between taking an oath, making a vow, confessing faith, and praying the psalms. I think these parallels may help us to see how powerful the commitment is that the psalms demand of their user. In singing the psalms, one is actively committing oneself to following the God-approved life.
Joy's Ignition
This Sunday at his church (Sovereign Grace Fellowship; Bloomington, MN), my friend Rick Gamache kicked off a new summer sermon series in the Psalms. The series begins with Psalm 33.
On the opening three verses (Psalm 33:1-3) Rick made the following comments in his sermon:
This is not a casual suggestion to worship God. This is not a suggestion at all. It's a command. There are five imperatives in this three-verse invocation to worship. Here they are: "shout," "give thanks," make melody," "sing," "play." We are to do all those things joyfully and so we are to do all those things very loudly. It is a call to passionate, exuberant exultation. As Charles Spurgeon said, "Joy is the soul of praise to God."
This is a hymn to be sung when the people of God gather together. The Psalmist, by commanding that we worship joyfully, is saying that joy should mark the people of God. Joyful praise, the Psalmist says in verse 1, befits the people of God. In other words, joy is the appropriate response to God. It's not the only response. There are other hymns that call for other types of response: stunned silence, or awe and wonder, or holy fear, or brokenness and contrition, or deep longings. But in all those other responses to God, there should be an undercurrent of joy because joy is the soul of praise. So when the people gather–like we are gathered this morning–the accent should be on joyful celebration.
Note that the joyful shouts and the joyful expressions of gratitude and the joyful singing and all the joyful playing are not tied to our circumstances.
Were not told:
- Shout for joy in the Lord … if everything is going well with you.
- Give thanks to the Lord … if everything went as you planned it this week.
- Sing a new song to God … if you got a raise.
The imperatives are not tied to our situations or our circumstances. …
So what is all this joy about? Why give exuberant thanks? Why sing new songs? The Psalmist does not encourage us to put on a show. He's not saying, "Gather with the people of God and when you do, do all that you can to appear joyful." This is not a command to be disingenuous. The Psalmist and God expect us to experience joy–real joy–as we shout and give thanks and sing. And so the rest of the Psalm tells us why we should be joyful.
Three verses tell us what to do (1–3), and those are followed by 17 verses that specifically tell us why (4–22). And that's evidence of the fact that we need all the help we can get to be stirred to joyful praise.
If you are anything like me, then you are fickle, you are distracted, your joy wanes, and sometimes it seems to disappear completely. And yet here is a call to joyful worship. Why? What or who ignites this joy? God. God is the one who ignites the joy. The 17 following verses answer why we worship with joy—because of God, who he is, and what he's done for his people. God is the reason for our joy. And it is this joy that runs as an undercurrent and withstand all the attacks of life.
The Psalms as Temple Surrogate
Speaking of the best books of 2009, I'd list John Sailhamer's The Meaning of the Pentateuch (IVP Academic, 2009). This from page 504:
"[Matthias] Millard argues that the Psalter, as such, originated in the Persian period. It was conceived as a collection of prayers for the Diaspora and functioned as a replacement for temple worship. In reading the Psalter, one was both oriented to the temple and, at the same time, absolved from actually having to worship there. The Psalter thus was intended to promote the importance of the temple pilgrimage while at the same time being a substitution for the temple itself. It was a private surrogate for the pilgrimage to the postexilic temple in Jerusalem."
Sailhamer next focuses on the three strategic psalms: 2, 72, and 145. A nice little bonus in a book on the Pentateuch!
The Psalms
From John Piper's sermon, "Songs that Shape the Heart and Mind" (5/25/08):
"The Psalms, more intentionally than any other book of the Bible, is designed to carry, express, and shape our emotions, to give vent to them—all of them, and shape them, to reign them in, and to free them up, to explode them, and to kill them when they should be killed. It is an amazing gift to the Church. … The Psalms are songs and poems, and songs and poems exist because something more should happen to us than doctrinal refinement."
Last night I lay awake in bed unable to fall asleep as my active mind protested my tired body. So my mind wandered and wondered, eventually arriving at Psalm 103:13–14, two verses I have focused my attention upon these past two days. The following words came to my mind. I played them over in my head until sleep arrived—
I am collected dust
bound together for a time
into this mud
formed by liquid soul.
How often I forget this frame
and attempt to live as gold
or diamond
or granite.
Anything, everything, but collected dust.
But He never forgets.
He never forgets.
His tenderness speaks it so.
Calvin's "pastoral variation of the Institutes"
"…only two years lie between the appearance of the commentary on the Psalms (1557) and the publication of the last Latin edition of the Institutes (1559). Given certain passages which are duplicated nearly verbatim in both works, it is noticeable that Calvin worked on both books simultaneously. In light of the distinction in genre and reading audience as well as the correspondence in content, I would like to define the commentary on the Psalms as a pastoral variation of the Institutes. In his commentary in particular Calvin applies himself to the main themes of the Institutes and gives them form so that they are directly applicable to the practice of living in faith. This would also explain why Calvin sometimes brings issues into consideration during his exposition which neither appear in the text of the Psalm nor seem to directly relate to it, and meanwhile Calvin makes far fewer references to contemporary events and situations than others commentators from the era do. Hence discussions of such things as the Lord's Supper and the Trinity do not occur at all, and the matter of election scarcely occurs."
—Herman J. Selderhuis, Calvin's Theology of the Psalms (Baker Academic 2007) pp. 283-284.
Psalm 4: The Who
In the evening when my wife and kids gather for dinner, I throw out theology-loaded questions to gauge where my children are at spiritually, and and to see where I can improve as a father. I chuckle at their cute little responses and we work through the answers together.
Our 7-year-old son can field questions like a reformed little league all-star, already thinking a bit like the man he was named after (Jonathan Edwards), already asking and working through questions (like: why is it not selfish for God to love Himself above all others?). But it's the open theism tendencies of my closet arminian 3-year-old daughter that leave me concerned (not to mention the open-fisted carbohydrate hurling of my 18-month-old switch-pitching son that leaves me covered in gravy.)
So I continue to ask questions.
Last Wednesday night, the question that joined the chicken casserole out on the table was this: For Christians, what promises to deliver joy? We all know that we should be joyful, but why? How?
I rephrased the question a bit for my daughter: If God took away all our stuff, would we be happy? Could we be happy?
"No," she said without pause.
So I asked the question again to see if a moment of reflection would help her formulate a more detailed answer.
"No," she said.
"Why not?" I asked.
"Because we could not be happy because we have no things." You needed to be there to hear the words for yourself to get the full cuteness factor.
I appreciate my daughter's response for its honesty (and for the way she answers questions with multiple uses of the word because in each sentence). She was born with this materialism because her dad passed this tendency along to her, a dad who sometimes acts as though his happiness was tethered to the amount of stuff he possesses.
And I think each of us are born with this Asaph-complex, the tendency to gauge God's favor towards us, and therefore define our personal joy, by material prosperity and circumstances (Psalm 73).
So can we be happy if God takes away all our stuff—or even worse?
In this Psalm, David was surrounded by trials and temptations and loss. David was cornered, he was hunted by his own son who usurped his throne, he was both the target of slander and defenseless to it, he was pierced with the hot lead of gossip fired from the barrel of loose tongues, he was humiliated publicly, he was surrounded by lies that further undermined his authority, and he was even brought down low by his friends, who became a cloud of doom further darkening his life.
This Psalm perplexes those of us in a western materialistic climate, because despite experiencing the loss of everything, David was filled with joy. He had joy because he had God.
Communion with God was David's joy, a joy untouched by the slander, untouched by the loss, untouched by the outward gloom, a sweet fellowship enjoyed in reflection and prayer in the quiet peacefulness of night, those dark hours when the terror of anxiety often breaks into the silence with piercing screams to steal and destroy joy, moments now calmed for communion with God.
It was God who deposited this joy in David's heart, a joy similar to the joy filling the heart during times of material abundance and prosperity, but a different joy altogether, a joy untethered from physical comforts, untethered from the approval of others, untethered from the plunge of Wall Street.
We, too, can find this joy if we find it in God, as we walk in God's Word, as we know Him, as we love Him, as we delight in His goodness. And as we walk this path, joy, untouchable by circumstances, fills our hearts.
It is a good thing, and rightly do we enjoy, a bank account with money, a table with food, and several pair of clothes. These gifts each flow from God's generosity towards each of us. But the possessions are small, temporary gifts compared to the fountain of joy He offers us.
To have God as our own, being united to Him through the death of His Son on the cross, is to possess the source of all joy, not merely enjoying temporary gifts, but to directly enjoy God, who is the source of our "infinite, self-sufficient, all-sufficient, essential, overflowing good" (Edwards).
This is the one secret to joy and happiness that you will not find printed in 40-point fluorescent green font on the cover of a magazine cover in the check-out line at the grocery store:
Get God, then seek Him all of your days, and discover with the Psalmist that the source of eternal joy is not in the what, it's in the Who.
Quote from Works of Jonathan Edwards (Yale) 10:383.
Psalm 3: Smashing Faces, Lifting Heads
Absalom stole David's throne and stole from David the hearts of Israel. And David hightailed out of Dodge.
Overnight, David was tossed from his throne and hunted in the wilderness. Now he is pressed against a dark cave, listening in the distance for the sound of approaching hunters, enduring the heart-stopping responses to the smallest sounds, listening for the crack of twigs, holding his breath.
David cried out to God.
I fear too often the god I cry out to is a god of my imagination, fitted with padded boxing gloves, a stick for a sword, and a cap gun to make a lot of noise. He becomes a god who cannot break a sweat, and could never break an enemy.
This is not our God.
Our God is the lifter of heads, holding up the downcast, the discouraged, the fearful, and the hunted. But He is also dressed for battle, at war against sin, and fully aware of every enemy crouching in the bushes waiting to rise.
God is also the smasher of faces.
And as violent as this sounds, it's under the shield of this God that David finally rests, being hunted but no longer in danger, shielded from the blows of his enemy, released from fear, released from the adrenaline kick that kept him watchful and alert, free from the worry that raced his heart, released from tension, sustained in God, now slowly becoming limp, a powerless body mercifully given over to sleep.
Perhaps because we fail to balance both sides of our God, we lack confidence in Him as our shield. And we don't sleep well. We respond to the blows of life as if there is no iron shield to protect us, as if we are abandoned in the cave by a God who is too busy, too unconcerned, or simply too incapable to help us.
The god who cannot break his enemies is a god who will not comfort the fear-filled.
Among a thousand worries we are safe in Him. And if this is our God we have no cause for fear. No longer do we need fear over the economy, worry over personal finances, and toss and turn all night in the sleepless tumult of tension, worry, hypotheticals, and the fear of the unknown.
This Psalm teaches me a simple lesson: God is both the One who lifts heads and breaks teeth. A powerful, sustaining, defending God like this can remove all fear. He is strong enough to spread a blanket of sleep over the foxhole of life.
Psalm 2: Return of the King
Christ, the Anointed Son, sits on a throne. His rule stretches to the corners of creation. Every trickle of authority in heaven and on earth is now under his rule. No one–no pharaoh, no king, no president, is outside his reign. The Sovereign authority of the Son encompasses all people—from every racial origin, from all the continents of the globe. All have been created to serve and worship and glorify Him, and to enjoy the rich blessings of an eternal kingdom.
The Anointed has cast his rope of authority over all men.
But man rages against God, thrusting knives at the ropes of authority—as if the chords were an ambush, like a net contracted around a trapped animal, hanging helplessly in the air for its hunter.
Man forms alliances to build strength against the Anointed.
The Lord in heaven laughs at man's rage.
No less a rebel is the man who ignores God. He refuses to pursue God. The fool says in his heart that God is nothing, a phantom, an impotent and imagined delusion. God is to him an unnecessary distraction from the banquet of selfish desires (Ps. 10:4, 14:1-3, Rom. 3:11). The fool has become His enemy by intentional ignorance.
The Lord in heaven laughs at man's delusions.
The kings of the world conspire together to murder the Anointed Son. False accusations, slander, violence, spit, lashes, nails–all reveal the hatred. Cold death descends with the darkness. But Christ's murder breaks a pathway down into the ground that opens upward to enthroned exaltation. The throne is a reward for His death.
The Lord in heaven laughs at man's wisdom.
The kings of the earth rage against the gospel, persecute believers, threaten violence, destroy families, kill, disband churches, imprison leaders, refuse the distribution of bibles, silence preachers.
The Lord laughs. The church grows. Convictions strengthen. The gospel spreads (Acts 4:19-31).
The Lord laughs because the Anointed is returning. Soon Christ will end the mutiny. He will step down from his throne with an iron scepter in his fist to shatter his enemies like glassware (Rev. 2:27). He will step back into this world to tread his enemies with the sole of His feet, thrusting down on his enemies the winepress of his wrath, crimson blood soaking the bottom of his white robe (Isa. 63:3).
This is the Jesus we never knew—or the Jesus many would like to forget. But this is the real Jesus, the anointed King who will return to fulfill thousands of years of expectations and anticipations of God's people. He will fix every injustice, dry every tear, and remove the handcuffs of evil from his people and his world.
But before the Son returns with His scepter in his fist, He stretches out mercy in his hand. The Anointed bids sinners to come, to kiss the ring of His Lordship, to find refuge from the wrath.
The King's heart throbs with love towards sinners. The Anointed takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather hopes that sinners turn and live.
Captured in Psalm 2 are life-shaping realities:
The only refuge from the wrath of the King is to find refuge in the King.
The day of wrath upon His enemies is also the day of deliverance for His people.
His return is meaningless for none.
Perhaps you kick violently against God's authority, thrusting knives at the bonds of His authority. Perhaps you plug your ears, unwilling to pursue Him. Perhaps you find your heart somewhere in the middle. It matters little. The King's return is imminent.
Kiss His hand. Bow under His rightful authority. Humbly and joyfully take up His yoke. And find in Him a place of refuge where sinners are given forgiveness in His blood, safety, justice, salvation, spiritual riches and eternal joy. Blessed are all who take refuge in Him.
Illustration by MarkLawrenceGallery.com
Psalm 1
When I picture the Psalm 1 man, James Bond comes to mind. Trite, I know.
Bond fights evil wearing shades and a suit. He walks behind enemy lines like he walks the public streets of London. He strolls down the sidewalk, away from his ticking bomb that will soon detonate. Boom! The blast from down the street and over his shoulder swishes his suit coat mildly. Bond cups his hands to light a cigarette, and keeps walking.
The Psalm 1 man is cool, calm, and unaffected, but not because his heart is granite.
The Psalm 1 man slips on his shades and walks straight through fads, ignoring the pressures to conform, closing his ears to gossip. He keeps walking because his heart is soft. He is not self-confident. He is not boastful. He is not proud.
The Psalm 1 man does not think like the world, he does not behave like the world, he does not belong to the world. His heart has been softened to what is true and steadfast.
The Psalm 1 man does not walk confidently because he is sure of his own perceptions, wisdom, and confidence. He walks confidently because he trusts God's Word to deliver wisdom, direction, and transcendent joy.
Over time the Word has germinated in the softened soil of his heart, stretching its roots deeper, and slowly growing upward into a magnificent, large, and fruitful tree.
The Psalm 1 man is both certain and soft, fearless and affected, firm and joy-filled. How happy, how blessed, is this man!


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The folks at Gypsy Chix Company hopped on to an online auction and scored this Pepsi-Cola bottle opener for a cool $3. "We love the chippy orange color and natural patina," say the Chix.
What'd you find this weekend? Post your picture on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, or Instagram with the hashtag #fleamarkethaul, and we might add it here.
Don't forget to tell us where you found the items andif you got a stellar dealhow much you paid!
Plus: See more flea market hauls from our readers, editors, and more! »
Inspired by a winning recipe from the North Carolina State Fair, this pie is a real crowd-pleaser.
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Former F1 driver turned Indy racer Takuma Sato has ruled out Formula One heading to the Long Beach street circuit.
In recent months there has been talk about Formula One replacing the IndyCar series at the American street race when the current deal expires next season.
However, Sato, who failed to reach the chequered at the recent Long Beach race, has cast doubt over the possibility.
According to the Foyt driver, not only will a lot of work need to be done to bring the venue up to F1 standards but the cars would not cope with the incredibly bumpy surface.
"I don't know if current F1 cars could absorb the conditions of the track surface here or not," he told Autosport. "I pretty much think they can't.
"They'd have to resurface like they do in Monte Carlo - they resurface that every year.
"And the rest of the track is semi-permanent, so they have a very smooth surface.
"But it is a real street course. Even we [in IndyCar] have a lot of bouncing. So there'd be a lot of work to be done."
However, he's not the only former F1 driver who feels that way.
Justin Wilson, who crashed out of this year's Long Beach race after a late restart, said: "We love going there because it's Long Beach, it's a lot of fun, and it's so raw.
"But an F1 car won't go around there. They'd be complaining about the bumps - they'd have to resurface the entire place, after they'd ground the entire place.
"I saw that story [about an F1 return] and chuckled.
"There's no way an F1 race could happen around here anymore.
"In the 1980s you could do that, but now it doesn't any sense.
"It's a great event; we love it. But Monaco is as smooth as the Indy 500, to give you a point of reference.
"If they came to Long Beach, they'd be shocked."


text: The Stadium project at Cooley Law School Stadium in downtown Lansing is a step closer to reality after the Lansing City Council's committee on development and planning Wednesday voted to move forward with the development proposed by the Gillespie Group. The project includes new apartments in the right field area of the ball park. The project could be completed by opening say 2016.


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With apreview at the end of August that summed up the details surrounding the speedier SUV, the Touareg R-Line is now ready for its closeup. Volkswagen's new R-Line package for the new generation Touareg is setting its sights on the BMW M-Series and the Mercedes AMG Series , and it's doing so with 20-inch light-alloy wheels in a dynamic design, a sportier chassis, R line logos on the outer side panels and front stainless steel door sill, a 3-spoke leather multifunction steering wheel, stainless steel pedals and lever selector, and aluminum inserts.
Volkswagen is also offering a R-Line "Plus" package that includes 20-inch alloy wheels, heated front sports seats, two-tone leather, R-Line logo, R-line specific inlays on the instrument panel, door trim, and center console.
Under the hood, Volkswagen will place a turbocharged V8 engine with an output of 450 HP borrowed from the Audi Q7 . It is rumored that the Touareg might also be getting a hybrid version that combines the same 500 HP turbo V8 engine with the electric motor found in the Touareg Hybrid .
The R-Line package is priced at 2760 euro and the R-Line "Plus" package at 3355 euro.


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A successful actress is on a trip home to reconnect with her small town roots. While dodging the careful eye of her manager, she steps out from the lights and cameras and into the shadows of her old life, confronting her unsavory past and ex-employer.
Not Rated by the Motion Picture Association of America.


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Dems slam conservative group behind SB 1062, abortion bill
The advocacy group behind legislation such as SB 1062 and attempts to restrict abortions has too much power over the Legislature, Democratic leaders said Tuesday.... Read more»
The advocacy group behind legislation such as SB 1062 and attempts to restrict abortions has too much power over the Legislature, Democratic leaders said Tuesday.... Read more»
The senior member of Arizona's congressional delegation, 11-term Rep. Ed Pastor of Phoenix, announced Thursday that he will not seek re-election. The move set off an instant flurry of speculation about who would seek to replace him in what's widely seen as a safe Democratic seat. State Rep. Ruben Gallego quickly tweeted, "I am in for Congress."... Read more»2
Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer vetoed SB 1062 on Wednesday, saying it would "create more problems than it purports to solve… Religious liberty is a core American and Arizona value, so is non-discrimination ... I have not heard of one example in Arizona where a business owner's religious liberty has been violated."... Read more»4
Reducing taxes and government regulation would help Arizona's small businesses bolster the economy and create jobs, advocates said this week in making their case to state lawmakers.... Read more»
Economist Jim Rounds, developer Richard Studwell, Arizona Secretary of State Ken Bennett, and the chairman of the Pima County Democratic Party, Don Jorgensen.... Read more»
Arizona Education Association head Andrew Morrill, talk show host Emil Franzi, former Pima Democratic Party Chairman Jeff Rogers, and Ward 6 Tucson City Councilman Steve Kozachik.... Read more»
After a long, hard look, Democratic legislator Chad Campbell announced Tuesday that he won't make a run for Arizona governor, leaving a clear path to the nomination for front-runner Fred DuVal.... Read more»
A $250,000 appropriation to continue a state program that teaches how to spot signs of mental illness and connect individuals with help will allow even more Arizonans to participate, a Tucson lawmaker said.... Read more»
Interviews with Gary Auerbach, founding president of the World Federation of Chiropractic, along with Democratic state Rep. and House Minority Leader Chad Campbell, and, Don Loose, Buckmaster legal contributor.... Read more»
It's been an open secret for the last couple years that Fred DuVal would seek to be Arizona's next governor. The former member of the Board of Regents, a longtime Democratic player, assiduously lined up support for a bid and formed an exploratory committee in February. Wednesday, he publicly announced that he is indeed in the race.... Read more»
Supporters of Gov. Jan Brewer's performance-based education funding model for school districts and charter holders say concerns about the formula's effects on schools in low-income areas don't take into account the bigger picture.... Read more»
Arizona answers to the U.S. Constitution before it answers to the federal government and shouldn't have to enforce any action from Washington it considers unconstitutional, a state lawmaker contends.... Read more»
House Minority Leader Chad Campbell, D-Phoenix, said he's troubled that none of the bills making up his Safer Schools, Safer Communities plan has been scheduled for a committee hearing. He says that by ignoring his bill GOP leaders are avoiding discussion of the issue.... Read more»
Saying he's tired of dealing with faulty parking meters and hearing the same concern from constituents, a Phoenix lawmaker wants to require cities to test and repair their meters on a schedule set by state law.... Read more»
Gov. Jan Brewer called Monday for Arizona to make performance part of the formula that allocates school funding.Gov. Jan Brewer delivers her State of the State address Monday.... Read more»
Gov. Jan Brewer told business leaders Friday that her legislative agenda includes simplifying the "complicated and overly burdensome" process behind the state's transaction privilege tax.... Read more»


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|Product Type: Office
|Base Type: Four legs
|Style: Contemporary
|Frame Finish: Blue
|Seat/Back Color: 1: Black
|Seat/Back Color: 2: Blue
|Frame Material: Steel
|Seat/Back Material: Plastic/Acrylic
|Arms Included: No
|Padding Included: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: United States
Questions & Answers
Iceberg Enterprises Rough 'n' Ready Mid-Back Leather Stacking Chairs
Poor Shipping/Packing of Product
Debra from Plymouth, NH– Verified Buyer
There was no packing within the boxes to protect the chairs from damage during shipping. Boxes were destroyed and plastic chairs were scraped and scratched.
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Watch or listen to audio, video, or multimedia presentations related to the Cisco product. Also, view demonstrations, tutorials, or interactive 3D product models, when available.
- co IOS Software Release 12.3(11)T Flash Demo (SWF - 2MB)
- Business Unlimited Integrated Business Lower TCO null
- Business UnlimitedEmpowered Branch,Unified Enterprise null
- Cisco Integrated Routers-Router Integrated Services null
- Cisco Integrated Services Routers null
- Introducing Cisco's Integrated Services Routers null
- Introducing Empowered Branch 3 null
- Introducing Video Services for the ISR Platforms null
- Securing the Empowered Branch with Cisco Network Admission Control null


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- Wallet credit amount: £
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As the saying goes, good things come in pamper packages...
We're offering you a pamper package including 1-hour Dermalogica facial, face massage, touch therapy and foot massage for just £24, saving you 75% off Crown Beauty's price of £95.
An emporium of total calm and tranquillity, if it's pampering you're after there's no better place to head than Crown Beauty in Upper Norwood. After arriving at the friendly salon you'll be whisked into a private treatment room for pure and simple bliss! You'll start with a one-hour Dermalogica facial designed to cleanse, tone and exfoliate your face back to perfection. Then you'll enjoy 15 minutes of face pressure point massage which aims to boost blood flow, followed by a further 30 minutes of touch therapy on your neck, shoulders and décolletage. Then, just to ensure you're relaxed from top to toe, your treatment will be finished off with a 15-minute foot and leg massage and spa bath soak. Heaven!
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Nagios Live WebinarsLet our experts show you how Nagios can help your organization.
Don't miss your chance to attend the 2014 Nagios World Conference, Oct 13-16th. Informative Sessions, Networking, Food and Cocktails! Visit go.nagios.com/conference/ for more information or to register.
Nagios XI – How To Use Capacity Planning
This document explains how to better predict what the the future trends in your network infrastructure will be. Predicting trends helps in supporting network growth and sustainability, and is a valuable asset for anybody, from a junior network admin, to a C-level wanting a more overall view.
Capacity Planning within Nagios XI requires Nagios XI 2012 Enterprise Edition or greater, any previous version of Nagios XI will not have the Capacity Planning capabilities.
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Cops: E. Northport man robbed two banks
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An East Northport man was arrested Friday for robbing two local banks in the past week, Suffolk police said.
Police said Alan Lepre, 49, entered the HSBC branch on Larkfield Road in East Northport shortly before 10 a.m. Friday and demanded cash from the teller. The teller complied with the demand and Lepre fled the bank on foot, police said.
After reviewing security video footage of the holdup, a bank employee recognized Lepre as a former customer, police said.
Detectives determined that Lepre was also responsible for a Dec. 21 robbery at a TD Bank branch, also on Larkfield Road.
Lepre was charged with two counts of third-degree robbery and is being held at the Second Precinct. He is scheduled to be arraigned Saturday at First District Court in Central Islip.


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Fresh Salsa
Photo: Becky Luigart-Stayner; Styling: Amy Burke
Serve salsa with chips to munch on before—and during—the main meal.
Yield: Makes about 4 cups
More From Southern Living
Recipe Time
Hands On:
15 Minutes
Total: 15 Minutes
- 1/4 medium-size sweet onion, coarsely chopped
- 1 small garlic clove, quartered
- 1 jalapeño pepper, seeded and quartered
- 1/4 cup loosely packed fresh cilantro leaves
- 2 pounds tomatoes
- 1 lime
- 1 1/4 teaspoons salt
- Tortilla chips
- 1. Pulse first 4 ingredients in a food processor until finely chopped.
- 2. Cut each tomato into 4 pieces. Cut core away from each piece; discard core. Add tomatoes to food processor in batches, and pulse each batch until well blended. Transfer to a large bowl. Squeeze juice from lime over salsa, and stir in salt. Serve with chips.
My Notes
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Fresh Salsa Recipe at a Glance
- COURSE: Sauces/Condiments
- CONVENIENCE: Entertaining, Make-Ahead, Quick/Easy
- CUISINE: Mexican
- MAIN INGREDIENT: Vegetables
- COOKING METHOD: Food Processor
- PUBLICATION: Southern Living
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Careers at M&S
New store roles
Our exciting plans for the future are starting to take shape with two new stores opening in Wolstanton and Sevenoaks. With opportunities across the stores – from hospitality roles to salesfloor and management, now's the perfect time to say yes to M&S. Why not click or tap below to find out more or, if you know what you're looking for, apply today!


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Texas Comptroller Leadership Circle
The Comptroller of Public Accounts launched the Texas Comptroller Leadership Circle program in December 2009 to recognize local governments across Texas that are striving to meet a high standard for financial transparency online.
We are spotlighting those local governments that are:
- opening their books to the public
- providing clear, consistent pictures of spending
- sharing information in a user-friendly format that lets taxpayers easily drill down for more information.
As of Dec 3, 2012, 317 Texas cities, counties, school districts and special districts were active members of the Leadership Circle.
Leadership Circle designees are presented with a certificate reflecting their Circle Award level: Gold, Silver or Bronze.
"Gold" highlights those entities that are setting the bar with their transparency efforts.
"Silver" encourages those who are making progress.
"Bronze" inspires those who are just beginning their transparency efforts.
The newest designees are:
- GOLD: City of Austin, City of Denton, City of DeSoto, City of Shavano Park, Ector County, Georgetown ISD, and Travis County ESD #3.
- SILVER: Bowie County, City of Alvin, and City of Hutto.
The full list of Leadership Circle members is at TexasTransparency.org.


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Rating: Intermediate
~Tahki Cotton Classic in 2 colours (Colours A & B)
~3.75mm hook or as needed for gauge
(ETA: If a different size cap is needed, adjust hook size to make cap bigger or smaller, ie: gauge for X-SM = 7dc per inch with 2.50mm hook, SM (what my daughter is wearing in photo)= 6dc per inch with 3.25mm hook.
Pattern is written using a 3.37mm hook with 5 dc per inch gauge.
I didn't think about putting that on the .pdf)
This pattern is not tested. If any errors are found, please leave me a comment here. Thank you.
*This is my original design. This pattern is for personal use only. Please do not reproduce pattern to claim as your own, sell this pattern or post on other sites. A link back to this WordPress page is acceptable*
*copyright Jennifer Christensen 2007*


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Posts Tagged 'megapixels'
Nikon V1 10-Megapixel Digital Camera Review
I am by no-means a professional photographer. Although, just to get in the more closely guarded press event, I have been known to slap an old 500 series Hassleblad around my neck with a Sharpie'd "PRESS" scribbled on a piece of...
Cell Phones
T-Mobile Officially Set To Make Memories With Samsung's T929 Memoir 8-megapixel Camera Phone
T-Mobile made their adoption of the Samsung SGH-T929 Memoir official today. Last week we heard a rumor that the 8 megapixel camera phone would hit the carrier on February 25th. Although that date, and a price, have yet to be ...


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South Carolina ETV
The South Carolina Virtual School Program
Monday - August 08, 2011
Schools around the state are gearing up for another academic year and the same is true with the South Carolina Virtual School Program (SCVSP). Since the pilot year of 2006 -07 this free program has experienced tremendous growth among 7 - 12 grade students in the public, private, charter, home school and other schools of the state. On today's podcast, officials with the SCVSP alert interested parents, students and educators as to the fall registration period beginning Monday, August 15th. The registration process is discussed along with numerous other aspects of this widely-used option in the Department of Education's school choice options.
PODCAST HELP - If you can't view the flash player, click here to open the mp3 file OR subscribe to the podcast feed.