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Let's open our Bibles this morning for the study of God's Word to 2 Timothy chapter 4...2 Timothy chapter 4. In coming to chapter 4 we come to the last chapter of this tremendous epistle from the beloved Paul to his son in the faith, Timothy. This is a sacred chapter, sacred ground in many ways, precious territory. These are the last words ever penned by Paul. The chapter has to be filled with emotion. We can only imagine what was racing through the heart of Paul as with compelling words he beseeches Timothy to be faithful to his ministry. It's his final appeal, really, to the young man who is going to take his place. There is a changing of the guard about to take place. Paul will soon lose his life in martyrdom as his head is severed from his body. He must pass the baton to a young man who basically is timid, who can be intimidated, who is moral and virtuous but has not the strength of character, conviction, boldness of the Apostle Paul.
So Paul is compelled at this very late point in his life to give one final solemn charge to Timothy...not the only one, the last of many. Let's look at verses 1 to 5. Paul writing to this young Timothy in his late thirties about to take up the baton on his behalf says, "I solemnly charge you in the presence of God," and literally should read, "Even Christ Jesus who is about to judge the living and the dead and by His appearing and His Kingdom preach the Word. Be ready in season and out of season, reprove, rebuke, exhort with great patience and instruction, for the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine but wanting to have their ears tickled they will accumulate for themselves teachers in accordance to their own desires and will turn away their ears from the truth and will be turned aside to myths. But you, be sober in all things, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist, fulfill your ministry."
In these five verses I believe we have a graphic portrait of a faithful preacher. We've entitled this "The marks of a faithful preacher." While it is Paul to Timothy, it is instruction to every preacher. Now someone might be saying, "Well if this is instruction to the preacher, what reference does it have to us, the people?" And I would say while obviously it is directed from Paul to one who is responsible as a pastor and preacher, the implications to you are very very important. For whatever is true for the preacher, you must hold the preacher to. That is to say if you are doing your job as a congregation, you are demanding then that the preacher do the things that are written here in the performance of his duty. It is a point of accountability. For me publicly to affirm that I believe these things is to go on record as saying to you...hold me responsible for what I said I believe. The congregation, the people, the leadership of the church has the responsibility first to understand the calling of God, to understand what He demands of His preachers and then hold them to it.
So this is to me, in one sense, to others who preach the Word of God, and yet in the very truest sense it is to be known by you who must hold us accountable. It serves then as a final summary not only to Timothy but as a final summary of the portrait of the faithful preacher for even myself and any who would proclaim the gospel of Christ. Paul is saying to Timothy, "You have to conform to the standard, there is a standard, you must conform to it." I'll tell you, folks, the Bible is not nebulous about what God expects from the preacher. The Bible is not nebulous about what God expects from one who pastors His people. The Bible is very very explicit. The pattern is as obvious as it could possibly be and I am bound by that and you are bound to bind me to that.
There are in this particular five verses nine imperative verbs, that is nine commands. The text is exhortative in style. It lays demands on Timothy. They are not suggestions. They are not ideas. They are not points of discussion, they are commands. This is the pattern for the faithful preacher, this is his responsibility to fulfill, Timothy and all who stand in a like place.
Now I hope you understand that the role of the preacher is vital, that God has designed that His people be taught by gifted men, that they be proclaimed to by gifted men and that much of their spiritual life and their spiritual growth and their ministry function and their evangelism will be directly related and connected to the effectiveness of those whose preaching they are under. That's God's design. It's a serious issue with God that preachers be what God designed them to be, that people hold them to that, maintaining that accountability and that the people also respond to the proper preaching.
One of the sad things when you think about our nation today and where Protestant religion has gone is the demise of really faithful consistent uncompromising biblical preaching. And you can lay the blame at the preacher's feet, if you want, it certainly belongs there. But I'm convinced that it belongs not only at the feet of the preacher but at the feet of the people who fail to hold the preacher accountable for what God said he was to be. It's a dual responsibility.
Those of us who have profited through the years from reading Pilgrim's Progress and I'm sure there are a number of us here this morning, will remember that wonderful beginning of the Christian life upon which Pilgrim embarked when he went through the Wicket Gate. I read Pilgrim's Progress as a child, I read it again as a young man. I've read it twice as our family read it in the time our children were growing up. And I have read it periodically in points over the years. Pilgrim's Progress is an analogy or an allegory of the Christian life written by John Bunyan, the great English preacher who really wrote that from the Bedford Jail where he was imprisoned for preaching.
And as he tried to draw an allegory to paint the picture of the Christian life, he begins with Pilgrim who is the one who becomes a Christian, he enters through the narrow gate which he calls the Wicket Gate, and embarks upon the Christian journey. The first thing he is to do is to be taken to Interpreter's house because as you begin your Christian walk there's some things you have to know, some things have to be taught to you, interpreted for you so that your pilgrimage can be successful. So the first thing that happens to Pilgrim after he goes through the gate is a trip to Interpreter's house to learn the things that are necessary to have a successful spiritual journey.
When Pilgrim goes into Interpreter's house, the first thing that he is shown is a painting and it is a painting of the preacher. He is to see the portrait of the preacher at the very outset so that he understands the importance of that office, so that he understands how that man of God is set apart to assist him in his spiritual growth, his spiritual development. That new convert must be impressed with the importance of the man who proclaims the Word of the living God.
Now the painting of the preacher is quite interesting. Bunyan describes the preacher with these words, "He has eyes lifted to heaven. He has the best of books in his hand. He has the law of truth written upon his lips. The world was behind his back. He had a posture as if pleading with men on a crown of gold did hang over his head." What a picture. His eyes were lifted toward heaven. The best of books in his hand. The law of truth written on his lips. The world behind his back. A posture of pleading with men. And a crown of gold hanging over his head. The picture of the preacher.
Paul paints such a picture here not with a brush but like Bunyan with words. Only this one is inspired by God. This portrait of the preacher is equally instructive and much more binding. And the crucial aspect of the preacher's role is delineated here in unmistakable terms. It's important that you understand them because you want to understand the obligation of the preacher, you want to realize the important role that biblical preachers, teachers, pastors play in your life. It's very much an essential.
And what Paul writes here, I believe, he writes with deep emotion, as I said a few moments ago. He writes with a compelling spirit because he's coming to the end of his life. He is a prisoner. He's older now. The work on earth is passed. In this very chapter he will say in verse 7, "I have fought the good fight, I have finished the course." He recognizes that he is at the end of his ministry in this world and he is tremendously impassioned that Timothy carry it on. And so he affirms in these five verses that Timothy must be faithful and he sets the standard by which his faithfulness will be measured.
Now I might note to you that this is not the only appeal to Timothy. Paul has appealed to Timothy all through this epistle. He appealed to him in chapter 1 strongly. Verse 6, "I remind you, kindle afresh the gift of God which is in you through the laying on of my hands." "God has not given us a spirit of timidity." "Do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord or of His prisoner, but join with me in suffering for the gospel."
He appeals to him in verse 13 of that chapter, "Guard the standard of sound words which you have heard from me." He appeals to him in chapter 2 verse 1, "Be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus, the things you've heard from me in the presence of many witnesses, these entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also." Verse 8, "Remember Jesus Christ." Verse 14, "Remind them of these things, solemnly charge them in the presence of God." Chapter 3 verse 14, "Continue in the things you've learned, become convinced of." Many appeals to Timothy here...many.
But this is the sum of them all. This is the wrap up. This is Paul's final words. And this chapter is the last chapter Paul ever wrote...the last chapter he ever wrote. And then his life ended. It sums up his hopes for every Christian preacher, every pastor, every minister of Christ. In many ways it's going to be tougher on Timothy than it was on Paul. As I said a moment ago, Timothy didn't have the strength of constitution that Paul had and yet Timothy was facing a tougher road in some ways.
What do you mean? Well the church had already begun to defect spiritually. When Paul founded Ephesus it was in the heat of revival. There was enthusiasm and energy and excitement, the thrills were there. Now a number of years have passed and the church in Ephesus where Timothy is now laboring as he receives the letter has already begun a spiritual decline. They've already descended into spiritual error and spiritual defection in their living. Sound doctrine has begun to lose its primacy, godliness is not the main thing anymore. And the decline has already set in which makes the burden even more difficult for Timothy to bear.
Additionally, a rampant wholesale empire-wide persecution is beginning to foment which can potentially catch up Timothy and cost him his life. It's not an easy ministry ahead of Timothy. But he must be faithful. In order for him to be faithful he needs to clearly understand the elements, the marks of a faithful preacher. Paul gives him eight of them...eight of them. This morning I want only to deal with one of them. And I say that because it's so important that it would be unfair to that very principle itself to dilute it by even bringing up the second one as important as it is.
The first element in the portrait comes in verse 1, and we have titled it, "The seriousness of his commission." There are many elements to this particular charge, the first one is that Timothy must understand the seriousness of his commission. "I solemnly charge you, Paul says, in the presence of God, even Christ Jesus, who is about to judge the living and the dead and by His appearing and His Kingdom."
Now that verse...we'll stop at that point and discuss this morning. That speaks of the seriousness of the issue of ministry. It begins with the verb, diamarturomai, I solemnly charge, one word in the Greek, a strong word, it means earnest testimony, solemn commands, strong urging, all inherent in that word. The aged warrior Paul wanting to give the responsibility fires a parting charge at his young son in the faith that carries all the solemnity and seriousness that one could expect from a godly Apostle whose life was totally committed to the service of Christ and wanted that to be the commitment of his son in the faith. He is not unlike John Knox who on the one hand said, "Give me Scotland or I die," and on the other hand when compelled to preach went into his room, locked himself up and wept for days because of the fearfulness of the seriousness of such a calling.
Timothy must know the seriousness of his calling. That seriousness is tied directly to the one in whose view and under whose judgment he serves. Anyone called to preach, anyone called to articulate the Word of God takes on a serious responsibility. In James 3:1 where James is discussing the matter of the tongue, he says, "Stop being so many teachers for theirs is a greater condemnation." Why? Because the man who doesn't offend with his tongue is a perfect man and there is no such thing...you're going to offend with your tongue, now you want to be sure that you don't rush into the preaching/teaching ministry and then offend with your tongue because your offense is scattered so far and wide that your judgment will be greater. It's a serious place, it's a serious ministry. It is a ministry for those who take seriously its tasks.
The whole tone of this charge doesn't look back, it looks forward and it looks forward to the Second Coming of Christ. We labor, in a sense, in view of the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. That is the compelling element here. That's what Paul wants Timothy to grasp. There is an accounting coming. There is a facing of the judge coming where we have to give an account for the ministry. Every preacher is directly responsible not to a church, not to a board, not to a denomination, not to an organization that ordained him or a school that trained him. Every preacher is directly accountable to the judge who is none other than God, even Christ Jesus.
Now let's look specifically at the elements of the charge. They're so very very important. "I solemnly charge you," he says, "in the presence of God, even Christ Jesus." Now the word in some of your Bibles is "and" Christ Jesus, in fact I think some of them say "And the Lord Jesus Christ." The proper rendering of the text is "And of Christ Jesus." The word "and," however, can mean, but, and or even. And according to the Greek form and construction here, it seems best to translate it as "even." Use then to cause the terms Christ Jesus to be descriptive of the name God...so he is charging Timothy in the presence of God, the God who is Christ Jesus...even Christ Jesus. The sentence structure favors that although you cannot be dogmatic, it could be in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus both. But I prefer God, even Christ Jesus. Particularly not only because of the linguistic opportunity to do that but because of the theology of it. It says, "...who is to judge the living and the dead." And the one who is to judge the living and the dead is Christ Jesus. So it seems to make simple sense to say, "In the presence of God, even Christ Jesus who is to judge."
Now we know that God has ordained Jesus as the judge. John 5:22 says He has committed all judgment to the Son. The Son, the Lord Jesus Christ is the judge. From a linguistic viewpoint we can translate "even Christ Jesus," from a theological viewpoint it makes sense as well because He indeed is the judge. So there's an affirmation here of the deity of Christ, there's an affirmation here of the judgment duty of Christ. Both of those are significant.
The solemn charge here parallels a common format used in court cases. Let me tell you what I mean. When it says, "I solemnly charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus," it takes a format that was used in the typical subpoenas, legal documents of ancient times. For example, we have found, archaeologists have, ancient documents, one of them reads like this, this is a document given to a person who is to come to court, it says, "The case will be drawn up against you in the court at Hieracleopolis(?) in the presence of..." and it names the judge. Very similar terminology to here. Paul then is using legal terminology, the terminology of a subpoena, the terminology that called people into court. And what he is saying here is, "The case will be drawn up against you in the court of God, even Christ Jesus who is the judge and the time is at His appearing and His Kingdom." It's a solemn subpoena for the preacher to come to court to face the adjudication of God with reference to His ministry.
But there's more than that. There's more than just the statement that God is the judge, God in Christ, there's more than that, notice this, "I charge you in the presence of God even Christ Jesus who is to judge the living and the dead." The other added element is not only is God even Christ Jesus our Lord to be the judge, but your ministry right now is going on in His...what?...His presence. That's very unusual. Typically when you're subpoenaed to go to court and you go to court for some kind of a trial, everybody comes into court with the perspective of trying to tell the judge what he doesn't know. True? So, plaintiff comes in, presents a case...defendant comes in, presents the case...everybody pleads...Judge, this is what happened, this is what happened, this is what happened, then this happened, then this happened, here are the facts, here's the data, here's the situation. And the next group...here's what happened, here's what happened, here's what happened, this happened, then that happened...cross examination. Well, Judge, we think this happened....No, we think this happened...that meant this...this meant this...this meant the other...bring in all the expert testimony, how does this work...how does this happen? All the cross examination, all the argumentation, and every bit of it is to assist the judge in a court where the judge is making the decision to convince the judge of what he otherwise wouldn't know.
Not so with Christ. When those of us who face Jesus Christ face Him...and that means everybody in the world, all the living and the dead, we'll see about that in a moment...when we face Christ there will be nothing that He does not...what?...know. Nothing. There will be nobody to come in and testify against us. There will be nobody to come in and testify on our behalf. There will be no need to rehearse the facts. There will be no opportunity to say, "But...but...but, Lord, You don't understand that...see...see, the reason I wasn't very faithful was...well, it was my wife...or, well, Lord, they paid me so little...Lord, You just don't understand, I mean I was having a lot of struggles over..." No, there won't be any need for that. "Lord, You didn't understand this, You see, you didn't remember about that event over there that caused this..." There won't be any of that. You won't have to explain anything, all the facts will be there.
That's really a quite compelling thing to realize that the one who will be the eternal judge is the one who presently is aware of every single detail of every single life of every single human being. Nobody is going to have to rehearse anything to Him, He knows it all. There won't be any lawyers there. There won't be any advocates there. There won't be any witnesses there. Doesn't need to be. Nobody will bring any information in. There won't be any exhibits brought to the court, nothing. He'll know everything. He knows it instantaneously. And as He is recording it all in His book, it's all there for documentation. God doesn't write it in His book, the book mentioned in Revelation 20, so that He'll remember it, He writes it in the book so that all eternity will swear as to its veracity. So here we do our ministry then in full view of the one who ultimately will judge. That's compelling...that is compelling. God even Christ Jesus is watching, we are in full view of Him who is very God the sovereign one to whom all judgment has been committed. What a compelling compelling thing that is to think about. I'm not serving in view of men, I'm serving in view of God. In 1 Timothy chapter 5 the first such compelling charge was given to Timothy. This is the third. The first one came in 1 Timothy 5 verse 21. Paul said to Timothy, "I solemnly charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus and of His chosen angels to maintain these principles." And there's that compelling again. Hey, what you do you do in full view of the God who will be your judge. He doesn't mention that God is the judge there in verse 21, he just says you're doing it in view of God. Chapter 6 verse 13 again, "I charge you in the presence of God who gives life to all things and of Christ Jesus who testified the good confession before Pontius Pilate that you keep the commandment without stain or reproach until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ." Now he starts to make it more compelling, he does talk about the appearing of Christ. Then in 2 Timothy 4 verse 1, the appearing when He will judge. This is the third solemn compelling charge to Timothy related to the presence of God in Christ who is to be the judge.
A compelling seriousness of what we do, beloved, has reference to the fact that God will be in Christ our judge and He will have seen everything...everything. Not one month of my life escapes Him, not one week, not one day, not one hour, not one minute, not a second of my life escapes the vision of Christ. He knows what I do with my time. He knows what I do with my energies. He knows what I do with every opportunity and I am accountable to Him for that. That's compelling...that's compelling.
"I solemnly charge you in the presence of God even Christ Jesus...notice...who is to judge the living and the dead." He's the judge. The word "judge" here from krino is not the strong word of damnation and condemnation, it's the word of evaluation. It's the word from which we get the word "criteria or criterion or critic." It's an evaluation. Paul says to Timothy, the Lord is going to evaluate you and He'll have all the information because of His omniscience, He knows everything. You notice who is to judge, "the one about to judge" is what it really means, or "the one who is on the brink of judging," or "the one who momentarily will judge." And it wants to paint to Timothy an imminency kind of thing that it could happen at any time. God is about to do that. It's...your...it's on the brink of happening. God will judge in Christ.
Now the one who is to judge is none other than Christ. I mentioned John 5:22, it says in that passage, let me just read you a couple of verses there, "For not even the Father judges anyone but He has given all judgment to the Son." Very important. Verse 26, "Just as the Father has life in Himself, even so He gave to the Son to have life in Himself and He gave Him authority to execute judgment because He is the Son of God." All judgment has been committed to Christ. And there's a day coming when He will evaluate. Now keep in mind that the word used here in 2 Timothy 4, krinan(?) the verb form in its infinitive, means to evaluate. It's not damnation because it's not that we're going to be damned for failure if we're already saved, it's that we're going to be evaluated...we're going to be evaluated. And our evaluation is going to determine our reward and our reward is going to determine the level of our service in heaven.
If you've been with us for our series in heaven which just ended, you know we discussed that. The Bible promises certain crowns to the believer. I believe all those crowns are really parallels to eternal life in heaven, they're just different ways to express the fullness of our eternal life. It says that in 1 Corinthians 3 some of our works are gold, silver, precious stones, they'll last. Some are wood, hay and stubble, they'll be burned up. But each of us will receive a reward. That's the kind of judgment we're talking about..the Judgment Seat of Christ. We must all, says Paul in 2 Corinthians 5:9 and 10, appear before the Judgment Seat of Christ to receive the reward for the things that we've done, whether they're good or useless. The useless things are burned up. For the good things we did in serving Him we will be rewarded. That reward will be demonstrated through all the Kingdom and through all eternity in our capacity to serve and in the level of our assignment in that service. I told you in the series on heaven that I believe that the concept of inheritance has to do with the breadth of our authority throughout eternity and the concept of rewards has to do with the nature of our service in eternity. That's the issue here. You will be evaluated by the God who judges everybody, the God in Christ who judges everybody will evaluate you. He will evaluate you.
Paul lived in the light of that. He really did. So did the other Apostles. Peter, do you remember in Acts when he was preaching, Peter was, to Cornelius in Acts 10:42, Peter says, "He ordered us to preach the gospel to the people and solemnly to testify that this is the one who has been appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead." Peter says we were ordained to preach...to preach judgment, to preach the judge who was going to judge the living and the dead. That's why he was so compelled. That was compelling to him.
In Acts 17 the Apostle Paul, Mars Hill, "God has fixed a day in which He will judge the world in righteousness through a man whom He has appointed, having furnished proof to all men by raising Him from the dead." That man is Christ...that man is Christ. God will judge the living and the dead, Peter said. God will judge the living and the dead Paul said. The whole world through the man Christ Jesus. In Romans 2:16 Paul writes, "There's a day coming when according to My gospel God will judge the secrets of men through Christ Jesus...through Christ Jesus."
So the compelling reality here is the coming evaluation. In 1 Corinthians you probably have the best sum of it, it's a familiar text, 4:1 to 5, listen, Paul writes, "Let a man regard us in this manner, as servants of Christ, stewards of the mysteries of God. In this case, moreover, it is required of stewards that one be found trustworthy but to me it's a very small thing that I should be examined by you or by any human court, in fact I don't even examine myself. I'm not my judge. I am conscious of nothing against myself, yet I am not by this acquitted, but the one who examines me is the Lord. Therefore do not go on passing judgment before the time." What time? The time of judgment. "But wait till the Lord comes who will both bring to light the things hidden in the darkness and disclose the motives of men's hearts and then each man's praise will come to him from God." And the implication is it shouldn't come to him from men. You people are out there evaluating the quality of these pastors and these preachers and you don't know their hearts and you don't know their motives. And even when you don't know anything against them and even when they don't know anything against them, God may know something against them by which His verdict on their ministry would be different than yours. So wait before you pass out the kudos and the congratulations until God reads the hearts and then each man's praise will come to him from God. And for Paul that was compelling.
He wrote the Galatians and says in chapter 1 verse 10, he was accused of being a man pleaser and he wanted to deny that in no uncertain terms so in Galatians 1:10 he said, "For am I now seeking the favor of men or of God? Am I striving to please men? If I were still trying to please men I wouldn't be the bondservant of Christ." I'm trying to please Christ. He's the judge who sees everything, who knows everything. That's compelling. And I must stand before Him.
Now what does it mean "the living and the dead," why does he say the one who judges or will judge the living and the dead? Some say that could mean the saved and the lost. I think it means exactly what it says...the living and the dead. And the big picture, the Christ who will evaluate my ministry and reward me accordingly and deprive me of reward accordingly, the Christ who evaluates my ministry is the very one who will judge all the living and all the dead. Death doesn't cause a man to escape that judgment. Life doesn't cause a man to escape that judgment. The living and the dead, that's just the category into which all people who have ever lived must fall. They're either living now or dead. And they will be when Christ comes. But having died will not escape His judgment.
In the Great White Throne Judgment it says that all the sea and the earth and the graves give up their dead and they come to the throne to be judged. The living will have already been judged. As you look ahead at judgment, when the Lord takes the church out of the world, there's a criteria time, there's an evaluation time. We call that the Bema Seat, the Judgment Seat of Christ where He evaluates our service and rewards us accordingly. It's not a condemnation of Christians, a damnation, because our condemnation was borne by Christ, He suffered for us. So we are free from condemnation, Romans 8, no condemnation in Christ to those who walk in the Spirit, that's us who have been redeemed. So we'll have a reward time, that's the first point of judgment in the end. That's a judgment for believers only. Then comes a judgment on believers and unbelievers called the judgment of the sheep and goats where He separates the unbelievers from the believers, the believers go into the Kingdom, the unbelievers go out of it.
Then the final one is for only unbelievers. It starts with believers, then believers and unbelievers, then only unbelievers. The Great White Throne is a judgment only on unbelievers. But whether men are alive at the time of that middle judgment, whether they are alive at the end of the Kingdom, or whether they are dead, they'll all be judged. That's why we teach that there will be resurrection of the ungodly. Do you realize that all the unsaved people who have ever lived will be resurrected and brought to the Great White Throne? Read it, Revelation 20:11 to 15. He will bring all the dead of all the ages before His throne to be judged and condemned to hell.
So Christ is the judge of those who are alive, those who are dead. And as such who judges all, He will judge you, Timothy, He will judge you. And He will judge you with perfect knowledge of everything you've done.
Then he adds this, "And by His appearing in His Kingdom." That's the point in time at which the judgment takes place, it takes place when Christ comes, appears and sets up His Kingdom. That's consistent with what the Scriptures teach. It's very general here, His appearing is His epiphaneia, His appearing, HIs Second Coming when the world sees Him, when every eye beholds Him. He comes, He sets up His Kingdom. That's when judgment takes place. And it comes in many forms. From the time when Christ raptures the church out until He sets up the eternal state, there are many judgments going on and He's the judge in all of them. They start with His appearing, they flow through His Kingdom. That's the point in time to which we must look for that judgment.
And even though when the church is raptured out and ours is a secret reward time, our rewards then will be on full display before the whole world during the Kingdom when we return for the glorious Kingdom. So we will receive those rewards in a secret place, the world will not see us. But then in the glorious liberation of the children of God, we return to reign with Christ on earth and the full display of His rewards for our service will be made. It comes at His appearing and His Kingdom.
That word "appearing" is a powerful thought. It literally means to appear upon, to appear, epi upon..."to appear upon the earth" is the idea. It's of great significance to Paul. He was motivated so strongly in light of the appearing of Christ. He moved toward that. Earlier as I read in 1 Timothy 6:14 he told Timothy, "Do what you do until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ." Here in this very chapter, verse 8, 2 Timothy 4:8 he says, "In the future is laid up for me the crown of righteousness which the Lord the righteous judge will award me on that day, the day He comes, not only to me also those who loved His appearing when He comes," that's the day...that's the day. Titus 2:13, "Looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Christ Jesus." Now what is the significance of this epiphaneia, this appearing. Well, it's an interesting word. It was used, first of all, for the manifestation of some deity by the Greeks, some manifest intervention of a deity was called an epiphaneia. But far more commonly was its use especially in connection with the Roman emperor. Whenever the Roman emperor came to a village or a town it was called an epiphaneia. In fact, when he exceeded to the throne it was his epiphaneia. But it was used to describe the visit of an emperor to a village or a town. In any place he would go he was to make an appearance. That's pretty common even in English. He was to make his epiphaneia. And when he was planning to come to a little village, he was due to be in a certain place, they would clean the town and they would whitewash the buildings or whatever they did, they would sweep the streets, haul the drunks out of there, clean up the place, put on their best front...the emperor was going to appear. Everything was swept and made ready, all work was up to date, everything was scoured and cleaned to be fit for the appearing of the emperor.
And what Paul is saying to Timothy is the same idea. He's saying, you know what happens in a town that's expecting the emperor, well you are expecting the epiphaneia of Christ Jesus, do what you do in such a way that He's pleased when He sees it, when He appears. Nothing could be more thrilling to a little person, peasant in a town who had done his work to be able to show it to the emperor when he did his appearing and be commended, and so it is with Christ. Some day He will appear and we desire to be commended by Him. He appears to set up His Kingdom. He's coming to judge, He's coming to reign. He will appear as the judge, He will reign as the King. All falsehoods will be revealed. All sinners will be judged. All believers will be rewarded. The godly will be ushered into the Kingdom. The ungodly will be cast out. Everything will be accounted for at that time. The preacher is to be faithful until them...until then, or until the Lord calls him home before that time. But if he's been faithful, he'll be properly rewarded as he shares in the glories and the joys of the coming of the King in His Kingdom. Those of us who go to heaven are rewarded there. We'll come back displaying our rewards, as I said, on the earth during the Kingdom. What a great thought..what a great thought.
The compelling thing here, beloved, is that the preacher must realize the seriousness of his task. It is a serious duty we perform. And we must be committed to consummate dedication because it's so serious. And what makes it so serious is the scrutiny of the one who is the judge...who will evaluate it. The perfect judge will render perfect judgment on the nature, the dedication, the faithfulness, the consistency of the preacher's efforts. It's testing time to see whether what we did was gold, silver, precious stones or wood, hay and stubble.
You can be pushed in this world to compromise your ministry to try to please men. It happens all the time. I was listening, as I came in, on the radio today and there was a reporter from Time Magazine, the religion writer. He was reporting on the upcoming national convention of the Methodist denomination, second largest denomination, Protestant denomination in America next to the Southern Baptists. The major issue at the Methodist denomination is whether or not to ordain homosexuals to the pastorate. They have been fighting this battle for a long time and he was saying basically that the major thrust of the denomination is to remove all bans, they've already removed the ban on women, this would open it to lesbians and homosexual men to be in pastorates. There's a group of people, a coalition of pastors who protest this, headed up by some in Houston, who are endeavoring to be heard in the midst of this din of advocacy of homosexual rights and they're trying to lobby against the mass vote of the convention to try to conform to the Scripture which identifies homosexuality as a sin. The reporter said, basically, the great mass of pastors in the Methodist denomination are for what the denomination is doing to one degree or another.
At the time I thought to myself...it's incredible, it's incredible that how they in acquiescing to the wishes of a class of sinners that the Bible describes as reprobate, Romans 1, they have literally turned out to be men pleasers and they will have to account to the living God for that. Frightening...frightening. Sometimes the pressure even comes on me in interesting ways. This week I picked up a journal produced by a seminary in our country. One...I looked down the list of articles and was shocked to see the third article as titled, "The Anti-Semitism of John MacArthur." I proceeded to read the article and the article said that I was anti-Semitic because I stated publicly on numerous occasions that the Jews rejected their Messiah, that Judaism as a religion was extinct since the death and resurrection of Christ in the new covenant, that the Jewish people cried for the blood of Christ and are responsible for forcing His death, though it occurred at the hands of the Romans, that I said that Jesus spoke against the Jewish leaders in Scripture. And all of this went page after page after page after page, affirming that I was anti-Semitic because I said that.
I didn't say that because I am anti-Semitic, I'm not anti- Semitic at all. I said that because that's what the Bible says. I said that because that's the truth. And you have to understand that that's what I have to say because that's what the Bible says and I'm answerable to God to say what the Bible says. I have great love for God's people Israel. I have great love for the Israel that is not God's people and great compassion for their salvation.
The pressure is applied a lot of ways to compromise. The article was funded by The Vidal Sassoon Institute for Anti- Semitism of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under the direction of two of the leading rabbis who funded a study of my teaching which they term anti-Semitic. The article prior to mine in that journal was an article on "The Advocacy of Creating Harmony, Dialogue, Brotherhood Among Christians and Jews." That's the mentality. I would love nothing better than to have harmony, camaraderie, brotherhood among Christians and Jews around the person of Christ, but apart from Him you can't have it. But there are people who have succumbed to the social pressure to the point where they deny the Scripture. The Scripture is no longer the authority. They would rather please men. It comes in many ways, I don't even tell you all the things that happen to me because I don't think you could probably handle all of them week in and week out, but it's not easy to just hold the line unless you know why you're doing it. And if you understand who you're answerable to, it makes a lot of difference, huh? And to whom you must give an account when accounting time comes.
Timothy needed to understand it was a serious commission because he was going to get a lot of pressure to compromise it and to please men, you always do...you always do. But if you please God, you're going to be way ahead because in the day of the epiphaneia of Jesus Christ, in the day when he enters into His Kingdom, He's going to reward you in a glorious way and you're going to enter in to the joy of the Lord that comes to one who served Him faithfully.
We need your prayers. It's not easy. We need your prayers regularly and daily. All I want to do and all the others who are part of our church leadership here, other pastors want to do is be faithful to God's truth, to teach God's Word. We're not trying to advocate some anti view. I feel like Paul. They should listen to the tape on Romans 9 and 10, my heart's desire for Israel is their salvation, says Paul. He says, "I could wish myself accursed for their salvation." And yet he's the same Paul who castigated their unbelief. If you teach a biblical message, the pressure's on. But if you have a perspective that says God is the judge, it keeps you on track.
The preacher must understand, first of all, the seriousness of his commission. That's where we start. Next one is dealing with that great statement "preach the Word" and that's one of the most powerful ones in this entire text. We'll dig into that next time. Let's pray.
In this text, Lord, we know that it ends up in verse 5 with Paul's word to Timothy, a command, "Fulfill your ministry." And we know, Lord, that it ends in fulfillment but it begins in motivation. And the motivation that ends in fulfillment has to be the motivation indicated in verse 1, a compelling sense of responsibility to the divine judge, our Lord Jesus Christ, to fulfill the duty to which we're called. We understand what Paul meant when he said, "Don't commend me for preaching, woe is unto me if I preach not the gospel, woe is unto me if I preach not the gospel." He was a man compelled. He was a man who didn't even choose to do what he did, he was chosen to do it by You and then held responsible for his faithfulness. I pray, Lord, that You'll raise up a generation of faithful preachers who will take the solemn charge in the presence of God, even Christ Jesus, the one who is to judge the living and the dead at His appearing and His coming to set up His Kingdom to preach the Word, uncompromisingly, unhesitatingly and boldly. And yet, Lord, help us, too, to have the compassion of Christ, the kind heartedness, the meekness, the gentleness, the graciousness, to have the mercy, the quietness, the patience, the sweetness of spirit to balance that conviction with the tenderness it takes to touch the lives of people. Help us not to be defensive, ungracious, unkind in spirit though we must speak the truth. And help us to be accountable and to hold each other accountable to the one who is our judge, even our Lord Jesus Christ who will judge with perfect equity, who will judge with perfect justice, who will judge with perfect righteousness and therein reward His servants. We long for the full reward that we may spend eternity serving to the maximum capacity the one who gave His life for us, our Lord Jesus Christ in whose name we pray. Amen.
This article is also available and sold as a booklet.
This sermon series includes the following messages:
Please contact the publisher to obtain copies of this resource.Publisher Information


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CHAMPUS coverage for Bone Marrow Transplants
Last Reviewed: November 1, 2001
Dear OncoLink "Ask the Experts,"
CHAMPUS initially said they do cover bone marrow transplants for some conditions but not for metastatic breast cancer. Does anyone know of a way to "get around" the bureaucracy?
It is our understanding that CHAMPUS will usually cover NCI sponsored or based protocols. OncoLink currently lists several active protocols for breast cancer and bone marrow transplant. Please visit our Clinical Trials menu for more information.
We suggest that you review this information with your oncologist(s). They should assist you in determining your eligibility, and help you to find the nearest facility in which the protocol is active.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lauren Geis of Durham won top honors in senior swine showmanship two weeks ago at the 80th Kansas Junior Livestock Show in Wichita. A total of 704 Kansas youth exhibited 1,453 head of livestock at the show sponsored by the Kansas Livestock Association, Kansas State University, and the Agri-Business Council of Wichita.
Geis — who also won first place in two classes of dark market barrows and first in class 2 Duroc gilt, as well as third in Chianina breeding heifers and seventh in class 2 speckled market lamb — was part of a 24-member contingent of young livestock exhibitors from Marion County.
Other Results
Cedar Point
Cody Parmley: 10th in light crossbred market barrow.
Corin Parmley: sixth in meat goat, eighth in meat goat, 10th in crossbred market lamb, and 13th in crossbred market lamb.
Lisa Geis: third in commercial breeding heifer and fifth in natural market lamb.
Mesa Merrill: fifth in meat goat and 11th in meat goat.
Bryce Roberts: first in crossbred market lamb, and third in crossbred market lamb.
Landon Roberts: 13th in commercial ewe lamb.
Sa Rae Roberts: eighth in crossbred market lamb and eighth in commercial ewe lamb.
Callie Riffel: third in Duroc gilt and fourth in dark crossbred market barrow.
Jensen Riffel: sixth in dark crossbred market barrow and seventh in dark crossbred market barrow.
Kailyn Riffel: second in Yorkshire market barrow and third in light crossbred market barrow.
Cassidy Hill: first in commercial ewe lamb, first in Hampshire market lamb, and second in Dorset breeding ewe.
Tyler Entz: fifth in dark AOB gilt.
Devon Gaines: eighth in commercial breeding heifer.
Morgan Gaines: second in commercial breeding heifer.
Jack Parks: sixth in dark AOB gilt.
Tanner Parks: fourth in Duroc gilt.
Cailey Barney: eighth in natural market lamb.
Jared Barney: second in crossbred market lamb.
Elizabeth Meyer: eighth in natural market lamb.
Nicholas Meyer: 14th in commercial ewe lamb.
Kara Riffel: sixth in meat goat and eighth in commercial doe kid.
Karl Riffel: fifth in Duroc gilt, sixth in AOB breeding heifer, and sixth in commercial doe kid.
Kyle Riffel: second in commercial doe kid, fourth in Duroc market barrow, and eighth in meat goat.


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- Telephone:
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....FOR OUR FULL STOCKLIST PLEASE GO TO WWW.JOHNKEEBLE.CO.UK . . . All our vehicles include a 3 month warranty which may be extended at an extra cost option, Our cars are all serviced and valeted as required before delivery. Finance available upon request. Part Exchange Welcome,,, , White, 1 owner, £10,499
This car comes with
17in Sport Alloy Wheels, 5.8in Touch Screen, Auto Wipers, Automatic Climate Control, Bluetooth Phone Integration, CD Radio, AUX Socket for MP3 Players, USB Port, Colour Reversing Camera, Cruise Control and Speed Limiter, DAB & Internet Radio, Drive Computer, Front and Rear Electric Windows, Low Tyre Pressure Indicator, New NissanConnect with 5.8in Touch Screen Navigation, Privacy Glass, Push Button Start, Stop/Start System
- 201903206083874
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- £10,499
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|Body style
|Engine size
|1197 cc
|Fuel type
|Number of doors
|Number of seats
|Gearbox type
|CO2 emissions
|128 g/km
|Insurance group
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (miles)
|60000 miles
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (years)
|3 years
|Standard paintwork guarantee
|3 years
Performance & economy
|Fuel consumption (urban)
|39.8 mpg
|Fuel consumption (extra urban)
|57.6 mpg
|Fuel consumption (combined)
|49.6 mpg
|0 - 60 mph
|10.8 seconds
|Top speed
|111 mph
|Engine power
|113 bhp
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|140.14 lbs/ft
|1565 mm
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|4135 mm
|2530 mm
|1765 mm
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|46 litres
|Minimum kerb weight
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|Black Headliner
|Rear Wiper with Intermittent
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|17in Sport Alloy Wheels
|Push Button Start
|Stop/Start System
|Drivers Seat Height Adjuster
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|Grey Centre Console
|CD Radio, AUX Socket for MP3 Players, USB Port
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|I - Key Keyless Entry
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|Front and Rear Electric Windows
|Sports Seats
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|New NissanConnect with 5.8in Touch Screen Navigation
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|6 Speakers
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|Tilt - Adjustable Steering Wheel
|5.8in Touch Screen
|60/40 Folding Rear Seats
|Drivers Airbag
|Low Tyre Pressure Indicator
|Third Brake Light
|Daytime Running Lights (LED Upper Combi Light)
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|Front Seat Belts with Load Limiter and Pretensioner
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This includes MPG figures which are calculated under European Standards, in test conditions, and will vary under normal driving conditions. The information displayed above describes the typical specification of the most recent model of this vehicle. It is not the exact specification for the actual vehicle being offered for sale which may vary. Specifications for older models may also vary. Please contact us prior to purchase to confirm the exact specification of this vehicle.
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Jennifer Lopez Debuts 'Same Girl' Video
Directed by Gomillion & Leupold, the clip is a visual postcard of the BX including the 6 train, Castle Hill Ave., and the variety of people who inhabit the borough.
The video ends with Lopez on a rooftop performing the song along with teen musicians from Jazz at Lincoln Center's Middle School Jazz Academy. Hey, only in New York.
"This was probably the craziest thing I've done in my career of music and movies!" she tweeted to her followers on Thursday (Jan. 30).
It's good to see Jenny on the block again.


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It's official. I'm back on the bike. Wow, is it good to be back!
I stopped biking somewhat prior to and during pregnancy, and while recovering from birth. Plenty of women, including one very impressive lady over at totcycle, do bike while pregnant, and more power to them. But for me, the year of acupuncture it took to even get me to ovulate combined with the vast sums of money we were laying out for frozen sperm (as lesbians, we didn't have easy access to the free stuff), as well as my acupuncturists stern warnings (she's great, but a little bossy), were enough to ground me for the year. Thankfully, we live in an area with great transit, so I had a workable alternative.
After the birth, I was chomping at the bit to get back on the bike, but I had a lot of recovery to do and it took a solid three months to get to where I could handle a ride of longer than five minutes without extreme discomfort the next day. I've now been commuting for about two weeks with no ill effects, and couldn't be happier. I've always loved the sense of freedom I have while riding, and now it feels even sweeter.
The best thing though, and what finally got me off my duff to post an update, was riding along today, in a big line of bikers, and seeing a little hand waving madly out of a school bus window, and hearing "Hello H's Mom!!" I waved heartily to a girl from our local playground as I passed her bus at the light. It's nice to be back on the road.
Monday, September 14, 2009
On the road again
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Additional Information
|Style No.
Well matched for beauty and brilliance, this pair of 14K white gold diamond stud earrings contain 2 round brilliant cut diamonds totaling 0.20 carats, G-H color SI2 clarity.
These simple diamond stud earrings will become a staple in her jewelry collection. From the office, to home and a night out in T-town, her new diamond studs are perfect to wear with anything. Shown in 14K white gold, available in yellow gold at no extra charge. Every pair of Fincher & Ozment diamond studs are hand selected for matched brilliance and sparkle.
Trade In Trade Up – When you trade in your current pair of Fincher & Ozment diamond studs, you will receive the full purchase price you paid as a credit against the new pair of diamond studs you select from us. For example, if you trade in the pair you paid $399 for the new larger pair at $499; the difference is 499 + $44.91 (sales tax) = $543.91 less $399 = $144.91. Present her the new pair of larger diamond studs and bring in the trade in after the occasion so she does not suspect bigger diamond earrings.


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Each year, termites cause billions of dollars in damage, and homeowner's insurance will not cover the cost of treatment.
These invisible destroyers cause more damage in the U.S. than storms, fires and floods combined. The National Pest Management Association estimates that termites are responsible for $5 billion in property damage every year.
While you sleep, termites may literally eat you out of house and home and even your business. And while they eat 24 hours a day, their damage is insidious because you usually do not see them or the damage they cause until it's too late. Termites are known for their industriousness and can always find a way into your home, whether the structure is made of wood or concrete.
Homeowners might notice termites when they swarm around spring time, a likely sign of infestation. But they can swarm in both the spring and fall, anytime the environmental conditions are right.
The U.S. is home to many species of termites, the most common being Subterranean and Drywood termites.
Subterranean Termites tunnel in the soil. The ability to tunnel allows them to find and feed on countless pieces of wood. This mobility also allows them to create much bigger colonies than those of wood inhabiting species. A Subterranean termite colony can have hundreds of thousands to several million members working in a caste system.
Drywood Termites can cause serious damage to houses and furniture. These termites are easier to spot because they produce coarse sand-like fecal pellets that can be spotted long before you discover the termites themselves. The Drywood termite not only eats the wood structure, but lives inside the wood structure. These insects will construct a virtual city within the wood, complete with connecting tunnels to get around it. They can enter the home by flying in or being carried on previously infested wood, such as furniture or construction materials.
Preventing termites is as important as exterminating them. A termite prevention program should include the following elements:
- A professional inspection done at least once a year. The potential damage is too great to rely on "do-it-yourself methods.
- An ongoing preventive system including sodium borate-based materials, which can be painted, sprayed, or spread onto the wood, or injected into hollow spaces inside the walls of the home.
- Having your pest control professional establish an "early warning system" that detects termites in the soil before they reach the home itself. Many systems establish bait stations around the perimeter of the home to detect the approach of termites while they are still several feet away.
By taking the necessary precautions, you can help prevent your home from becoming a termites permanent residence.


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Decisions you make during the screenmaking stage can have a major impact on the success of the printing process. Learn about the choices you face in frame selection and in securing your mesh to the frame.
By Eric Klein
Screen printers face as many options in screenmaking as there are opinions about which frame types and mesh attachment methods are best. Here, I'll cover the most popular frame systems and procedures for affixingscreen mesh to the frames, considering the benefits and drawbacks of each. I'll also explore how the specific fabric selected can influence the effectiveness of different screenmaking components and methods.
Rigid frames
Frames come in two main varieties: static and retensionable. Within these two categories you have multiple options from an assortment of manufacturers. Of these two groups, the simplest form are the static or rigid frames, commonly known as stretch-and-glue/staple frames (yes, there are people who staple mesh to wooden frames!).
Rigid frames are available in many different materials and profiles. The configurations frequently are based on the size of the frame and the intended use. The most common materials are wood, tubular aluminum, and tubular steel. Wood frames are arguably the most popular due to their lower cost but are limited in size for strength reasons and generally not recommended for high-resolution,tight-tolerance work. Among the metal rigid-frame types, tubular aluminum is the most popular in the United States. Aluminum frames are lighter than steel frames but provide similar stability. Steel frames, epoxy coated or powder coated, are more popular overseas.
Tubular aluminum frames support a variety of gluing surfaces, including sandblasted, ground, or raw with no texture (Figure 1).
Testing at Saatiprint has shown that a ground or sandblasted surface provides the strongest bond with mesh adhesive due to the greater surface area created by these surface-preparation methods. The adhesive type and viscosity play a factor in bond strength as well, but I'll address these issues later in the article.
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CHICAGO, Ill. (Dec. 7, 2012) – The Chicago Fire Soccer Club announced Friday afternoon that it has selected forward Maicon Santos in the Stage-One draft of the MLS Re-Entry process. In four MLS seasons the Brazilian forward has tallied 21 goals and added eight assists.
"We are pleased to add Maicon Santos to our roster ahead of the 2013 season," said President of Soccer Operations Javier Leon. "Maicon is a talented forward who brings with him a scoring touch and MLS experience."
In 2012, Santos made 26 appearances for D.C. United, scored seven goals and added three assists over 1,470 minutes, helping D.C. United reach the Eastern Conference Final. Santos started and played the full 90 minutes of D.C. United's 3-1 loss to the Houston Dynamo in the first leg of the Eastern Conference Final Nov. 11.
A product of Paracambi, Brazil, Santos made his professional debut with Rio de Janeiro-based Madureira Esporte Clube in 2004. His career included stops in Tunisia, Libya and Israel before joining MLS when he signed with Chivas USA in 2009. In two seasons with the Goats, Santos made 19 appearances, scored two goals and added one assist.
In 2010, Santos joined Toronto FC where he played 32 matches over the course of two seasons, scoring ten goals and adding three assists from 2010-11.
Santos joined FC Dallas for the second half of the 2011 season and scored two goals and added one assist across 11 games.
Player: Maicon Santos
Pronunciation: My-cown
Position: Forward
Height: 6'1" (1.85 m)
Weight: 186 lbs. (84.37 kg)
Date of Birth: April 18, 1984
Hometown: Paracambi, Brazil
Citizenship: Brazil
Last Club: D.C. United
How Acquired: Selected in the First Round of the 2012 MLS Re-entry Draft Dec. 6


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Lizards may scale back head bobbing to avoid predators
Mating signals get smaller with carnivores around
Courtesy of Manuel Leal
Predators can really mess up a lizard's mojo.
Male brown anoles, Anolis sagrei, tone down the swaggering head bob that says "come hither" to females and "get lost" to other males when threatening foes come along, reports biologist David Steinberg of Duke University and colleagues May 19 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Steinberg's team measured the height of anoles' head bobs, sharp up-and-down jerks of the head, on nine tiny Bahamian islands. On five of the islands, researchers introduced carnivorous curly-tailed lizards, Leiocephalus carinatus.
On these predator-infested islands, the lanky reptiles bob their heads a lot less emphatically: a hearty nod became a timid wobble. These lizards' biggest bobs were as little as 40 percent of those of males on non-threatened islands.


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THE SERIES: The Lady Bisons will play at home again Sunday when Florida Gulf Coast visits for an Atlantic Sun contest.
The Lady Bisons fell 1-0 to Stetson Friday night. Florida Gulf Coast lost 2-0 at Belmont.
The Lady Bisons are 2-5-0 at home this season.
IT'S HISTORY: The Lady Bisons set a number of program records Friday night in their 4-1 win over USC Upstate at the Lipscomb Soccer Complex Friday night. The four goals were the most ever scored by the Lady Bisons in an A-Sun game.
The three-goal victory margin also marked the first time the Lady Bisons have won an A-Sun game by more than one goal. It was the first time in coach Jon Ireland's three-year stint with the Lady Bisons that his team has won any game by more than one goal.
The Lady Bisons first two victories season were 1-0 decisions.
The most victories the Lady Bisons have earned in a season are four.
MORE TALENTED BY THE DOZEN: The Lady Bisons are young, but they are talented thanks to the addition of 12 freshmen _ goalkeepers Erin Zerio and Ally Marler; defenders Katie Wood, Kameron Stilwell, Andie Thornton, Ashley Duggins, Courtney Williams and Katie Wood; forwards Emily Longden, Amber Evaniuk and Hope Proffitt and midfielder Martika Powe.
Six of the freshmen are starting: Marler, Powe, Wood, Stilwell, Longden and Summers. Wood and Powe have started all 15 games.
Seven freshmen started against Stetson, Marler moved to a forward spot with Zerio handling the goaltending duties.
NET CHALLENGE: With the departure of Katie Shelton through graduation the goalkeeper's spot is being held down by two freshmen. Coach Jon Ireland started the season splitting playing time each game between Erin Zerio and Ally Marler.
Marler started and played the complete 90 minutes against IUPUI, Campbell, Belmont, USC Upstate and ETSU. She was 1-4 in those games.
The pair has teamed for two shutouts, stopping Austin Peay 1-0 and Troy 1-0.
Against Kennesaw State and Mercer Zerio and Marler each played one half. Zerio went the route in goal for the Lady Bisons against Stetson.
Marler is fifth overall in the conference in saves (56) and tied for sixth in saves per game (4.00). She is 10th in both goals against average (2.95) and save percentage (.667).
In conference games only Marler is tied for sixth in saves (27) and is fourth in saves per game (4.50). She is 10th in goals against average allowing 3.40 per game.
Zerio has played in 10 games and started six. Marler has played in 14 games in net. Zerio is 2-6-0. Marler is 1-6-0.
FIRST TIME SCORERS: Freshman Andie Thornton, sophomore Danielle Bethke, freshman Katie Wood, freshman Emily Longden, sophomore Kirsten Heikkinen and sophomore Meghan McGuire all have scored their first collegiate goals this season.
Thornton and Bethke each have two goals.
Thornton, Bethke and Kate Spellman are the only Lady Bisons with multiple goals.
SPELLMAN ON THE OFFENSIVE: Junior forward Kate Spellman had two goals in the win over USC Upstate Oct. 2.
She has three goals for the season. She has twice scored the lone goal in a game in a 1-0 win over Austin Peay Aug. 21 and a 1-0 win at Troy Sept. 2.
Last season she led the Lady Bisons with six assists and 14 points. She tied for the goal lead with four.
In addition to her three goals this season she has two assists and eight points.
AROUND THE A-SUN: Freshman Meghan McGuire is tied for 10th in assists with two. Sophomore Danielle Bethke is tied for 10th overall in shots with 26, an average of 1.86 per game.
PERFECT STARTERS: In addition to freshmen Katie Wood and Martina Powe, Kate Spellman, Meghan McGuire and Kirsten Heikkinen have also started all 15 games this season for the Lady Bisons.
NEXT UP: The Lady Bisons will close out the Atlantic Sun regular season schedule with a trip to Jacksonville to play North Florida Friday night and Jacksonville Sunday afternoon.
The Lady Bisons close out the regular season at home Oct. 27 against Tennessee Tech.


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Cleveland Museum of Natural History announces capital campaign, leadership team
Design concept of the entrance hall for the Museum transformation project.© Fentress Architects.
The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
has tapped two well-known corporate leaders to serve as co-chairmen of the fundraising campaign for the transformation of the Museum's campus in University Circle. Executive Director and CEO Evalyn Gates, Ph.D., has announced that A. Chace Anderson, the Museum's board president and a partner of CM Wealth Advisors, and Museum trustee James L. Hambrick, chairman, president and CEO of The Lubrizol Corp., will direct the Museum's first significant capital fundraising campaign in its 90-year history. The funds will renovate and expand the Museum in ambitious ways envisioned by Gates and the Board of Trustees, creating a place where Museum professionals, programs and physical space become an even greater resource to the community for science education.
Gates and the Board of Trustees have also named three individuals to serve as honorary chairs of the campaign. These community leaders all credit their careers in science to their early experiences at the Museum. Honorary co-chairs are Scott R. Inkley, M.D., of Chagrin Falls, a pulmonologist who became chief of staff and later CEO of University Hospitals of Cleveland; Bobbie Brown, Ph.D., of Chardon, president of The Louise H. and David S. Ingalls Foundation, who studied biological anthropology and taught anatomy at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine (Northeast Ohio Medical University); and Harvey Webster of Kirtland, a biologist and wildlife conservationist, a longtime staff member of the Museum who heads its Wildlife Resources Division.
"I am thrilled that these highly respected corporate and community leaders have committed to moving the Museum forward with the bold vision that the Board of Trustees and I have charted to transform this Museum into a true space of learning and inspiration," said Gates. "I am confident that this team will help us achieve our fundraising goals and enable us to make this ambitious and important project a success."
"Remaking and expanding a leading natural history museum is a rare opportunity for Northeast Ohio," said campaign co-chair James L. Hambrick. "I am delighted to help make a difference on this very important initiative for science education."
The goal of the capital campaign, which began a quiet phase of fundraising in September 2012, is to raise $125 million over a period of five to seven years. These dollars will fund a complete renovation of the Museum where laboratories that house the Museum's collections become integrated with galleries and accessible to visitors. Much of the Museum's labs are currently beyond public view. In the new campus design, created by Fentress Architects of Denver, visitors, and especially children and students, will see Museum curators and staff at work, engaging these young visitors with real science and encouraging them to think about careers in science. The new design aims to make science come alive and to help reverse a trend where fewer young people are pursuing science as careers.
The new design will also enhance how the Museum showcases the 5,000+ acres of natural areas it stewards as part of its conservation mission. Through the campus design and its emphasis on modeling the latest thinking in green building, the Thelma and Kent H. Smith Environmental Courtyard grows in size and more actively engages visitors in exploring and understanding the unique ecosystems of Northeast Ohio, as well as the Museum's work in conservation and sustainability. Education classrooms will be located directly off the courtyard, with access for students and teachers to move easily between indoor and outdoor learning areas and activities. The new campus design recognizes the importance of such hands-on learning and points to the historic role the Museum has played in inspiring each generation. Scientists who in their youth participated in Museum programs such as Future Scientists (now in its 50th year) credit their Museum experiences with sparking their professional interest.
"I am excited to be part of this effort that will create a wonderful environment that brings together curators and students," said Scott R. Inkley, M.D., campaign honorary co-chair. "Enabling young people to work with scientists will enhance their learning and stimulate their vision of a possible future working in science, which can help alleviate a national shortage of people trained in science."
The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, incorporated in 1920, is one of the finest institutions of its kind in North America. It is noted for its collections, research, educational programs and exhibits.
The Museum's collections encompass more than 5 million artifacts and specimens, and research of global significance focuses on 11 natural science disciplines. The Museum actively conserves biological diversity through the protection of more than 5,000 acres of natural areas. It promotes health education with local programs and distance learning that extends across the globe. Its GreenCityBlueLake Institute is a center of thought and practice for the design of green and sustainable cities.
Chace Anderson is a partner of CM Wealth Advisors in Pepper Pike, which he joined in 2005. A resident of Cleveland Heights, he began his career more than 35 years ago with Citibank in New York City and with the management consulting firm McKinsey & Company provided advice to financial services, industrial and not-for-profit firms in the areas of business strategy and organization. He subsequently became vice president and general manager of the international subsidiaries of the Cleveland-based healthcare company Invacare, and lived in Europe for six years in this capacity. Prior to joining CM Wealth Advisors, he spent 10 years with Linsalata Capital Partners, a private equity firm, pursuing mid-market acquisitions of manufacturing and service firms. Active in Cleveland's cultural community, he also sits on the boards of the Cleveland Institute of Music, Chautauqua Institution, Winous Point Marsh Conservancy, and the Musart Society of the Cleveland Museum of Art. He previously also served as chairman of the board of the Judson Retirement Community. He received his bachelor of arts degree from Yale College in 1975 and his M.B.A. from Harvard University in 1979.
James Hambrick, who is serving his first term as a Museum trustee, is chairman, president and chief executive officer of The Lubrizol Corporation, headquartered in Wickliffe, Ohio. A resident of Novelty, Hambrick joined Lubrizol as a co-operative education student in 1973 and was hired full time in 1978. He began his career in operations, holding a variety of positions of increasing management responsibility. Hambrick moved to strategic planning and development in 1988, focusing on mergers and acquisitions, as well as international business development in emerging markets. In 1998, he was named global business manager for engine additives and in April 2000, he was elected vice president of Asia Pacific based in Singapore. In this capacity, Hambrick also served on the company's joint venture boards in India, China and Saudi Arabia. He was elected president in January 2003, chief executive officer in April 2004 and chairman of the board in January 2005. He received a bachelor of science in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University in 1978. He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the American Chemistry Council. The Lubrizol Corporation, a Berkshire Hathaway company, is an innovative specialty chemical company that produces and supplies technologies to customers in the global transportation, industrial and consumer markets. Founded in 1928, Lubrizol has approximately 7,000 employees worldwide. Revenues for 2011 were $6.1 billion.
The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
Evalyn Gates
A. Chace Anderson
Today's News
December 10, 2012
Constable, Gainsborough, Turner and the Making of Landscape at the Royal Academy of Arts
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Cleveland Museum of Natural History announces capital campaign, leadership team
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Christie's sale of masterpieces formerly in the Collection of Monsieur and Madame Riahi realises $31.9 M
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Christie's presents a week-long series of auctions devoted to magnificent jewels, watches, wine and design
Phillips de Pury & Co. announces highlights from its New York December Design Auctions
Japanese art exhibitions during New York's Asia Week celebrations announced
Simon Lee Gallery presents an exhibition of new work by the American artist Sherrie Levine
What is Grey Exactly? The (non-)colour grey in Swiss art from the 1960s to the present
Fiona Rukschcio retapes Yoko Ono's film "Rape" for new exhibition at the Secession
Exhibition at MICA and University of the Arts honors legendary fiber artist Lenore Tawney
Amicable settlement between auction house Lempertz and buyer of false Heinrich Campendonk painting
First institutional exhibition of works by artist Cheyney Thompson opens at Kunstverein Braunschweig
Patek Philippe dome clock by graffiti artist John "CRASH" Matos offered in Antiquorum's December auction
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New book offers front-row seat to greatest concert in history
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20753 Surnames | 136296 Records | 2775 Reunions
Dead Fred asks:Are you a Desperate Genealogist?
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Photo #53022
Last Name: Jackson
First Name : Rachel
Middle Name: Emiline
Subject's City: Santa Paula
Subject's State: CA
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Subject's Country: United States
Date: 1941-1960
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Photographer's State:
Nee: Jetton
Type** : B&W
Comments: Rachel Emiline Jackson (Nee: Jetton) | Santa Paula CA United States | 1941-1960 | Comments: Rachel Emiline Jetton Jackson was the daughter of William Thomas Jetton and Emily Berry or Griffin. Her son-in-law Elzie Daniel said her mother's name was Griffin, but research seems to point to Berry.
Rachel was born October 26, 1882 in Johnson County, Arkansas. She married Benjamin Jackson on April 25, 1900 in Chicklah, Yell County, Arkansas. She died May 11, 1956 in Santa Paula, California.
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"My work is about the heart's longing to be connected to the largeness of life, the timeless arc of the universe. I try to evoke what Zen practitioners call nothing and everything. The sense of being one with the universe." Amy Cheng
The work of Amy Cheng has been widely exhibited throughout the US and internationally. She has completed three public art commissions, including a mosaic column for the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, a subway project for the New York Metropolitan Authority Arts for Transit in Brooklyn, a suite of auditorium murals for the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs Percent for Art Program in Queens, and a painting for the S. W. Wimberly Library on the campus of Florida Atlantic University. She is currently a Professor in the Art Department at the State University of New York at New Paltz.
In her fluid and evocative style, Amy Cheng merges Western painting with the Eastern sensibilities of her heritage. Born in Taiwan, raised in Brazil, and educated in the US, Amy has developed a painting vocabulary influenced by the interplay of divergent cultures -- but with a fresh, contemporary view of our connectedness to the world.
In her work, Amy strives to express a timeless collective culture. She creates tension and drama in the juxtaposition of cultures, times, and forms of expression. She invites the viewer to meditate on ancient images to discover the ways they still speak to us. Her paintings set up a dialogue between these ancient forms and her own personal sense of playfulness.
Amy's oil paintings often rely on repeated pattern, brilliant color, a sensual delight in the decorative and an intricate layering of space to engage the viewer on a visceral and emotional level. Her paintings challenge the viewer to take their blinders off and see the world through new eyes.
Her favorite sources of inspiration are Asian and Islamic decorative patterns, Chinese folk art, Egyptian wall paintings, and mystical and alchemical imagery from the Middle Ages. Her interest in folk art stems from the belief that folk or popular art embodies the psyche of a society – that the simplicity and accessibility of folk art give it a sense of timelessness.


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|Dads Wear Smiths. These Have Done a Lot of Friday Night Runs Down Unlit Trails at Stevens Pass
- Between 30 and 50F, I wear my heavy cycling gloves, work pants, a long sleeve t shirt, and my cycling jacket, with my headsweat do rag pulled down over my ears.
- Between 20 and 30F, I change to a heavy sweatshirt, my balaclava, and wear warm, woolen socks. I add safety goggles to keep my eyes from watering. It doesn't get below 20F very often around these parts. Today, it got down to 24F.
- Below 20F, I'll add a second pair of gloves, add longjohns, add a neck warmer, add a second upper layer, and use my neoprene shoe covers. If it's colder yet, I'll switch out the gloves for ski mittens and use the clear ski goggles (who needs tint when it's dark outside?).
- It never got below 11F on any rides I made last year, but I'll be ready as long as it isn't icy.
|Bubble Light on the Tree


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A medical condition involving severe and acute inflammation of the cherna gland. The cherna glands are responsible for converting men into flaming homosexuals and cry babies. CPH (cherna-promoting-hormone) is the principle hormone that acts on the enlarged labia (replacing testicles) in the gonadal region. The increased CPH causes bitching, whining and a general lack of testicular fortitude. Due to a lack of testicles, chernitis can be relieved by testosterone injections anally. A secondary treatment, would be the administration of COM (can of man) and a bitch slap across the face.
You must have severe chernitis, man the fuck up and stop bitching.
by Mr Bear 1015 February 28, 2012


text:
Theme: 7YW / Revolution Pre-Owned Un-Punched
Product condition: used
Excellent condition un-punched copy
GMT's grand tactical, light-moderate Seven Years War battle series continues with four more battles in Prussia's Glory II. Players can enact some of the war's most famous battles in games playable in a single sitting. PG II hones the original Prussia's Glory system with some slight changes, and introduces Optional rules that further break out combat arms differences, such as Austrian Croat Sniper Attacks, Howitzer fire, and advanced Cavalry facets. The game also expands on the PG visual feast of Prussian, Austrian, French, Empire, Saxon, and Russian icon units with the Hanoverian-Allied army, featuring new heavy dragoon cavalry, and a striking red-dominant color scheme. Each battle includes one or more variants to allow players to explore historical possibilities involving larger/smaller forces present, or Alternate History battles that reverse attacker/defender roles on the same fields.
Prague: Last Day of the World
Frederick brings 64,000 troops to the gates of the Bohemian capital, where he is faced by 60,000 Austrians led by Prince Charles and Marshal Browne. The Prussians march east to flank the Austrian right; Browne recognizes the threat and quickly sets up an east-facing line. Winterfelt's infantry and Zieten's cavalry attack; Browne's massed Austrian grenadiers and the Austrian heavy cavalry counter-attack. Browne is wounded, and the Austrian counter-attack loses steam. Prince Ferdinand brings in fresh Prussian infantry to attack the hinge of the Austrian lines, and by 4 p.m., the Austrians retire south or back into Prague with 13,000 casualties. But Prussian general Schwerin is dead, the most notable of 14,000 Prussian losses on a day that took many of the "pillars of the Prussian infantry," and shocked Prussian leadership over improved Austrian capabilities. Prague includes six variable reinforcement options that can greatly alter both armies' compositions, promising extensive replay variety.
The Golden Sun of Kolin
Frederick must interrupt his siege of Prague and march east with 35,000 men to counter Marshal Daun's relief army approaching from Moravia. Against his generals Zieten's and Bevern's advice, the King attacks the Austrians at two to three odds, uphill, against Daun's masterfully laid defensive position and counter-march. The Prussian attacks meet stiff resistance from upslope Austrian canister fire and infantry, and are distracted from their line of march by Croat sniping. Zieten's powerful hussar cavalry contingent is fought to a standstill by their counterparts, led by Hungarian general Nadasdy. Desperate Prussian efforts, punctuated by colonel Seydlitz's sweeping cavalry charges, gain the Prussians the crest of the ridge - only to be sent reeling in turn by massive Austrian and Saxon Cheveauleger cavalry counterattacks. The Prussian army retreats, and nearly breaks, in Frederick's first defeat. The Alternate history battle of Kaurzim explores the possibility that Frederick heeds his subordinates' advice, and waits until the cautious Daun is forced to attack him in a good defensive line instead.
Krefeld: Ferdinand Ascendant
Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, now appointed commander of a revitalized 32,000 man Hanoverian-Allied army, takes the offensive against the Duke de Clermont's 46,000 strong French. In a maneuver as strikingly bold (and lucky) as Frederick's at Leuthen, Ferdinand divides his force and makes demonstrations against the right and center of a strong French position enclosed on three sides by walls and water ditches. With a third force, he uses covered terrain to infiltrate his troops onto the French left flank and attacks on a narrow front. Clermont is slow to respond, but local French officers scramble and put up a dogged defense. Holstein's Prussian- Hanoverian cavalry find a narrow unguarded causeway into the French rear and widen the attack; arriving French cavalry launch a daunting counter-attack. The battle is in the balance, but the Hanoverian and Hessian infantry hold against the French charges, and the aggressive Hanoverian artillery forces the French to retire. Ferdinand's victory causes 4,000 French casualties and gains as many prisoners, in what may be termed the Hanoverian army's Watershed battle. The Alternate history battle of Kempen explores the possibility of the French attack that had been planned but called off a few days before, led by the more able Duc de Broglie as French commander. The full Main scenario plays out in only 2-3 hours, making it an ideal short evening game.
Inferno: Kunersdorf, 1759
Frederick must again march east to meet a Russian threat, his troops haunted by memories of the ordeal at Zorndorf the year before. He confronts a 59,000 strong Coalition army, well-entrenched, with over 400 cannon, led by Russian general Saltikov, and augmented by Loudon's crack Austrian corps. Frederick takes 50,000 men on another flank march through heavy woods and marsh, hoping to attack the enemy rear. Instead, after an exhausting six hours in the August heat, the Prussians emerge only to find they have actually marched to the even better-prepared front of Saltikov's position. Nevertheless, the Prussians go in, and after a stiff preparatory bombardment, have initial success against the weak Russian Observation Korps. But Saltikov's line troops hold, and Frederick's infantry is shredded by Russian Unicorn cannon and Shuvalov howitzers, and stalwart Russian and Austrian infantry defense. Seydlitz's cavalry is hampered by the terrain and achieves only mixed results; Seydlitz is wounded, and Austrian general Loudon launches a perfectly-timed Coalition cavalry counter-charge led by the elite Austrian Light Dragoons. After19,000 casualties, the Prussian army breaks; Frederick narrowly escapes capture at the hands of Cossacks amid the worst defeat in Prussia' history. Kunersdorf introduces horse artillery for both armies, and terrain types of abatis and wolf pits. With 10 Coalition and 8 Prussian artillery units, and losses routinely reaching the "horrendous" range, it's not for the squeamish!
Prussia's Glory II again offers the flexibility and convenience of shorter Battle scenarios (90 minutes to 5 hours) and intriguing Main scenarios (adding 30-60 minutes to each game) which allow players to alter their armies' crucial approach marches to the field, offering the possibility of radically different outcomes. The new optional rules provide a richer mix of tactical chrome, while the selected actions serve to round out GMT's coverage of the war's most famous battles. PG I and II may also serve as a tactical complement to GMT's upcoming Clash of Monarchs, a card-driven, strategic treatment of the Seven Years War in Europe. Complexity 4.5; solitaire suitability 8.
704 5/8" full-color die-cut counters.
Two 22"x34" full-color back-printed mapsheets
18 page Rulebook
14 page Scenario/Playbook
2 11x17" Player Aid Cards
2 6-sided dice
TIME SCALE One hour per turn
MAP SCALE 500 yards per hex
UNIT SCALE Brigade level with some Regiments and Battalions
NUMBER OF PLAYERS One or two
Base postage cost: £5.00
Postage is calculated based on the delivery method and your delivery location. The base postage price represents Second Class Royal Mail sent within the UK. Please check your basket for an accurate postage calculation.


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Associate Provost for Graduate Education and Research
Contact Information:
333 Wells Hall
Murray, KY 42071
Dr. Robert Pervine, Associate Provost for Graduate Education and Research and professor of mathematics and statistics, provides leadership for graduate programs and research. Dr. Pervine provides administrative leadership and oversight for the academic support units of the Office of Graduate Admissions, the Office of Graduate Recruitment, the Office of Sponsored Programs, the Center for Telecommunications Systems Management, the Institutional Review Board, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Compliance, and the Center for Teaching, Learning, and Technology.
He also provides campus-wide leadership as the co-director of Murray State's Quality Enhancement Plan, an institutional requirement for reaccreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC), as well as serving as a liaison to the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education and other administrative oversight bodies. Dr. Pervine received his Bachelor's degree from Purdue University, his Master's degree from Western Kentucky University and his Ph.D. from the University of Kentucky. Dr. Pervine joined the Murray State University faculty in 1985.


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With more than 30 years hands on experience and 24 years in business Final Finish Boat Works is the premier fiber glass shop in the Chain O Lakes area. We are the only fully insured and certified fiber glass shop in Northern Illinois. We have the largest facility of over 5200 square feet along with the most experienced fiber glass staff in the Chain O Lakes region. We have done manufacturer warranty work along with and welcome all insurance company work. We work with your insurance company so you don't have to. From the smallest of scratches to the largest structural damage we have the ability to repair your boat. With a shop over 100 feet in length we are able to repair any trailer able boat brought to our facility, if you do not possess a trailer for your boat we are able to make arrangement for transport to our shop. . We repair in a timely and professional manner. When you leave your boat with us you can be assured that your boat will be treated as our own.
Northern Illinois Boat Show
Lake County Fair Park
March 1-4 2018
Detail Season is Coming
Schedule your Appointment


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بالفيديو..القرضاوي حرض علی قتل العلامة البوطي قبل استشهاده
+18 Terrorist explosion in Al-Iman Mosque in Damascus 21/3/2013
Suicide bombing at al-Iman mosque in Damascus
- Suicide Attack at Damascus Mosque Kills Senior Cleric, Dozen Others
- Video of al-Nusra Beheading Syria
- الخلفية الحقيقية لموقف البوطي من الأحداث في سوريا
The terrorist act claimed the lives of scores of prayers, while tens others were injured.
An official source told SANA that the suicide terrorist intended to blow himself up among the students who were listening to a religious lesson, leading to the martyrdom and injuries of scores of people and causing big material losses.
A source at the Health Ministry stated that the death toll of the terrorist act rose to 42, while 84 others were injured.
The wounded prayers were admitted to a number of Damascus hospitals.
SANA learned that among the martyrs was the grandson of the late Scholar.
Ministry of Awkaf ( Religious Endowments ), Syria scholars, intellectuals, teachers and the Levant Scholars' Union announced the death of scholar al-Bouti who was martyred while giving a religious lesson in al-Iman mosque.
"The malicious hands of traitors killed the great Scholar because he was the voice of Syria, the right of Syria and the image of Syria.. they targeted his body, but they didn't target his mentality or spirit," Minister of Awkaf Mohammad Abdul-Satar al-Sayyed said in a statement.
Syrian government.. The coward act would not pass without punishment
The Syrian government said that the coward and malicious act which targeted Scholar al-Bouti will not pass without punishment, adding "those who perpetrated the act are sinners until the day of Resurrection.. the teachings of Late scholar, his sciences and morals will remain as a torch for the honest souls which rejected humiliation."
Al-Baath Party Condemns the heinous Crime
Regional leadership of al-Baath Arab Socialist Party condemned the brutal crime in al-Iman mosque in Damascus which claimed the lives of the great scholar and the prayers.
"This massacre adds to the crimes perpetrated by the mercenary terrorists against the Syrians.. they target everything including the mosques and houses of worship," the leadership said in statement.
Archbishop al-Khouri.. al-Bouti remain the word of right
Archbishop Luka al-Khouri, the general vicar of the patriarchate of Antioch and all the East said that the late scholar al-Bouti will remain the word of right that we have learned from.. his teachings will remain remembered in the brains of all Syrians.
"We all pray for the rest of our martyr whom we respect..," Archbishop Khouri said in a speech to the Syrian TV.
The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of this Blog!


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File Sharing Without The Internet: The Saharan Bluetooth Experience
from the off-the-grid dept
A couple of months ago, Techdirt wrote about an EU politician's plan to build Internet surveillance into every operating system. As we pointed out then, this could easily be circumvented by using non-Net means for swapping files. It may not be driven by fears about spying, but it seems that communities in Western Africa are using Bluetooth connections between mobile phones to do exactly that:
Digital filesharing doesn't need the internet. This is the case at least in Western Africa and other parts of the developing world, where computers aren't yet consumer goods for most and, even if they were, web access isn't exactly New York City. Lovers of music still get it done, however, sharing files between knockoff cell phones via bluetooth connections and accumulating song collections in memory cards and bitrates that would probably make most in our lossless world laugh. It's created a music culture that's uniquely underground, an awesome anything-goes world of No Limit-style rap marrying Megaman-synth workouts, strange new techno-folks, and various other things so far untaggable.
That's taken from a fascinating interview with Christopher Kirkley, who has put together two compilations of Saharan cell phone music (and made sure that the artists involved get a share of the profits from selling them.) As he explains:
the phones have to be right next to each other, the connections have to be "accepted" on the phone, and the transfers take at least 30 seconds. It's not like people just wander around browsing through whatever phone is in proximity. Also, the majority of file sharing is between friends, sitting around, drinking tea and smoking cigarettes, trying to pass the time...
This makes Bluetooth exchanges intensely social – much more so than the anonymous acts that take place across the Internet today. So, far from damaging the culture of file sharing, even the most severe of copyright crackdowns would probably just lead to a blossoming of the offline social aspects here too - to say nothing of some amazing new music.
Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter or identi.ca, and on Google+
Filed Under: bluetooth, file sharing, sahara