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Louis Vuitton Damier Ebene Venice GM Bag Authentic Pre Owned
Authenticity code: Louis Vuitton MI1010
Authentic: Pre Owned
LOUIS VUITTON Damier Ebene Venice GM Tote Sac Plat Bag. This stylish tote is crafted of Louis Vuitton signature damier canvas. The bag features smooth cowhide leather rolled top handles, sides and a base with brass hardware. The top unzips to a Alcantara Lined interior. This is an excellent tote ideal for everyday use, with a one-of-a-kind look, from Louis Vuitton!
- Exterior: Very Good
- Interior: Very Good
- Description of Interior: Alcantara Lined
- Interior Pockets: One zipper pocket
- Color: Brown
- Hardware Description: Gold Hardware
- Material: Damier Ebene
- Width: 11.4 in.
- Length: 2.8 in.
- Height: 11.4 in.
- Handle Drop: 5 in.
Product Code: 2280047
Read more about Louis Vuitton Date Code here.
All photos are of actual item being sold. © 2007-2018 LuxeDH.
This Louis Vuitton® item is guaranteed to be authentic. Louis Vuitton is a registered trademark of Louis Vuitton. LuxeDH is not affiliated with or represents Louis Vuitton in any way or form.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cary News: Sports
Panther Creek girls soccer defeats Green Hope
Some teams don't like high expectations, preferring to go about their business quietly and away from the spotlight.
Panther Creek's girls soccer team, which defeated visiting Green Hope 1-0 on Wednesday night, isn't among them. Not only do the Catamounts like high expectations, they welcome them.
"We like to set big goals because we like having big expectations," said senior striker Mazzy Sullivan, who scored the lone goal. "We're trying to go all the way this year. We're working well as a team, working well together. We've got the feeling this is our year."
So far, she's been right. The home win over one of the Catamounts' top rivals kept them unbeaten as Panther Creek (10-0-1, 6-0-1) chases the Southwest Wake Athletic Conference title, as well as the state championship.
"It's tough not to look down the road," PC coach David Grant said. "It is. But if you've been around long enough with a conference like this, I don't care if we've been undefeated (so far) We've still got to go play Holly Springs again, and going to Green Hope is not going to be any pushover. We've got Athens Drive on Monday night, which is the first step."
Sullivan brushed aside any talk of an unbeaten season.
"We just take it a game at a time, a game at a time," Sullivan said. "We try not to think too far ahead."
Grant established higher goals in his first year as PC coach a season ago, and his team has matured from the 2012-13 season. Once loaded with sophomores, more experienced juniors dominate the roster.
"We've grown, not just physically, but mentally was well," Grant said. "We were in a lot of big situations last year in some games, and we've got a more mature team this year. That's what's carried us through some of these tight games: 'OK, we've been here before. What do we have to do?'"
There was plenty of pressure against Green Hope (5-5-2, 3-3-1). Sullivan scored in the 26th minute on a brilliant pass from Courtney Cash, and the Catamounts had to fight off a persistent Falcon attack the rest of the game.
"We're working so well together," Sullivan said. "Chemistry is on point this year. That's what's really pulling us through games, that and conditioning. We're lasting all those 40 minutes, and we've had some good overtime games, too."
Green Hope knows about high expectations. The Falcons won the state title a year ago after many figured they were, indeed, the best team in North Carolina. But after losing several talented players from that squad, Green Hope has struggled to get similar results.
"Unfortunately, the results aren't going their way right now," Falcons assistant coach Jordan Lewis said. "But if they keep playing like this the rest of the season, they will."
Green Hope had several chances to score throughout the game, but PC goalkeeper Celeste Barnard helped keep the Falcons off the scoreboard. Midway through the second half, though, Kenley Sigmon fed an open Erin Coogan on the left wing, but Coogan's shot sailed over the crossbar.
"When you have your chances, you're going to have to finish them against a team like that," Lewis said. "We weren't able to tonight, but we're really proud of their effort. It's going to sting; all losses do, but we're definitely proud of them."


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Unverferth Manufacturing introduces a 2,000-bu. Brent grain cart. The model 2096 Avalanche cart features an unloading speed up to 1,000 bu./min. and a pistol-grip, remote-control auger. The new grain cart is designed for the high-acreage crop farmer who needs high-volume capacities and rapid unloading speeds.
The Avalanche features a drivetrain design that combines a belt-driven, 20-in.-dia. floor auger with a heavy-duty, direct-drive 90° gearbox. The vertical auger is 24 in. in diameter and pivots up and down. The multidirectional downspout is operated with the remote control.
The Avalanche 2096 is available with tracks or steerable in-line tandem wheels. A hydraulically cushioned tongue helps smooth the ride and reduce drawbar stress. A Weatherguard tarp comes standard to protect loads. Hydraulic brakes are optional for the steerable tandem. Side- and rear-mounted cameras also may be purchased to connect to a monitor in the tractor cab.
Price of the 2096 Avalanche with steerable in-line tandem is $130,000. For more information, visit www.brentequip.com.


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Don Tennant, a former editor of Computerworld, writes that the job market is now so glutted with professionals in information technology and other fields that bosses are demanding that job seekers analyze their operations and write up improvement plans as part of the application process.
Tennant writes:
I know it's happening because I've talked to enough people, not just in IT, but in journalism and other professions, who have either experienced it or know someone who has experienced it in some form. I would love to know how many millions of dollars in consulting fees companies are saving by simply tapping the expertise of job candidates as part of the candidate assessment process. Because they can.
Okay. So is it widespread? Unfair? Unethical? Or just the new normal for jobseekers?


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Watch a Great 'Dark Knight Rises' TV Spot, Plus James Cameron's Next 3D Movie
It's Friday and if you want to get your weekend started off on the right foot, check out these three new trailers – including the latest TV spot for The Dark Knight Rises.
The newest clip for Christopher Nolan's third, and final, Batman movie is only thirty seconds long, but it shines a spotlight on Anne Hathaway's Catwoman. It's a bit of an odd ad, honestly – Batman and Catwoman come across more like an old married couple than a pair of young, sexy comic book characters with sexual chemistry. The closing gag is sort of amusing, but it feels a little odd given how dark everything else has looked in The Dark Knight Rises so far. Hey, maybe a little comic relief will lighten the mood of the film. We'll know for sure when it swoops into theaters this July 20th. Until then, enjoy the clip.
Next up, we've got a creepy new trailer for the period horror flick The Awakening.
Rebecca Hall plays an early 20th century ghost hunter sent to a reportedly haunted boarding school to investigate a supposed paranormal incident. The skeptical Hall thinks she's solved the case, but soon discovers there may be something lurking in the halls after all – something not quite of this world.
Dominic West co-stars in the film – and while "ghost hunter" movies are a dime a dozen these days, we've got to give The Awakening credit for at least going for a period setting and not using found footage (oddly enough, there weren't a lot of video cameras floating around back in 1921…). The trailer looks suitably spooky and atmospheric, but we'll have to wait and see if it delivers the ghostly goods until its August 10th debut.
Finally, we've got a new clip for the Andrew Adamson's Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away. If you've always wanted to see a Cirque du Soleil performance, but never got around to it, this might be the film for you.
Adamson's movie (which was produced by James Cameron) takes material from the various Cirque du Soleil performances and morphs them into a fictional narrative. Erica Linz plays a woman who winds up entering a magical realm populated by characters from the troupe's shows. This whole "entering another magical world" thing shouldn't be a stretch for Adamson, given that his previous credits include The Chronicles of Narnia.
Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away was shot in what should be (given Cameron's involvement) stunning 3D and will swing into theaters on December 21st – just in time for the holidays.
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2019 FANDANGO MOVIES.


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Air Tightness Testing is to help increase the energy efficiency of buildings across the board. The aim of So Air Tightness Testing is there to ensure the Design Emission Rate of a building is below the Target Emission Rate
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Air Pressure Testing of new properties has been a mandatory requirement since 2006. Similar regulations came into force in Scotland in 2010. Builder and developers must have a sample of new builds tested on a new housing or property development.
Our technicians will calculatualte the the maximum air permeability allowed for your building. If your building's air permeability rises above that target it will fail the Air Tightness Test. (anything above will fail, as previously mentioned).
Air Pressure Testing is required under different sections of building regulations. In England and Wales it's required under Part L of the Building Regulations, specifically "The Conservation of Fuel and Power". Up in Scotland, Air Pressure Testing is required under Section 6 of the Scottish Building Standards. In Northern Ireland Air Pressure Testing is required by Part F of the Northern Ireland Building Regulations.
Our service includes :
- Commercial, Industrial & Domestic Air Tightness Testing – as required by Part L of the Building Regulations.
- Pre – Test Site Inspection – This is undertaken at various stages during the construction.
- Finding Faults – We complete visual inspections. Thermographic Surveys and Smoke Testing can be undertaken in order to determine key leakage paths.
- Reviews – Design or Construction drawings will be reviewed and evaluated to identify potential building envelope leakage paths.
- Induction Seminars/On Site Training – One main method to reduce leakage rates is carrying out on-site seminars for the construction team. It is highly recommended that a training programme is allowed for all large projects.
Are you unfamiliar with Air Tightness Testing? If so we've provided some Q&A's below.
What Needs to Be Provided to Complete an Air Pressure Test?
You or your architects will provide us with drawings (floor plans, sections, elevations and site plan).
We'll then use the SAP Calculation or Air Tightness Target (which is found in a SAP Calculation).
Why is Air Pressure Testing Needed?
Maintaining a high level of air tightness within a building helps with the energy efficiency of the building. We carry out the test to detect the loss of air from inside of a building to outside. Air coming in and out of a building can lead to poor energy efficiency, lost heat and cold draughts.
Failing to maintain air tightness can lead to up to 40% of heat loss from within a building. If you're investing in energy efficiency measures, such as a new boiler or extra insulation, make sure you don't forget about air tightness testing too. Your efforts could be in vain if the building's air tightness isn't as high as it should be.
Building regulations are strict when it comes to air tightness – therefore it's important to have an air tightness test completed on the property.
What Regulations Govern Air Pressure Testing?
Air pressure testing is governed by two different sets of regulations – Part L1A and Part L2A.
- Part L1A regulates all new dwellings
- Part L2A regulates air tightness in any building not classed as a dwelling, such as offices and public buildings.
The compliance with these regulations is enforced by Building Control. In Scotland the regulation covering air testing is Section 6 In Northern Ireland it is Part FAir pressure testing which is a component of both SAP assessments and SBEM assessments.
SAP and SBEM both calculate, amongst other things, the size of a building's carbon footprint, which is greatly affected by how airtight the building happens to be.
What Happens if the Building Fails the Air Pressure Testing?
At UK Building Compliance, we want your building to pass and you can read our Useful Information Guide before we visit. If your building does fail though, we will be able to help you with a number of measures to ensure that the process is a success next time. Some of the techniques we can employ to remedy the problems you might be suffering from include:
- Smoke Testing – We can fill the building with smoke and then pressurise the whole building. This will then provide a visible indication of the areas of escape, as the smoke will be seen flowing through them. For less extreme situations, we can use devices known as 'smoke pencils' to complete the task.
- Depressurisation – In order to complete the process, we will have to pressurize the whole building, forcing air out through any gaps or cracks. When we depressurise draughts will be felt as the air rushes back into the room. Our technicians will then know where the air is escaping from.
- Thermography – It is also possible to use infra-red cameras to detect where the hottest and coldest spots are in the house. UKBC technicians prefer to do this at night time when the inside and outside temperatures are considerably different.
By providing you with assistance when your building fails the Air Pressure Testing, we ensure that you are not kept waiting for that all important completion certificate. Other companies simply test and then leave – we will stay until you get the result you want.
What are the Most Common Problems?
There are a number of different factors that can cause the air tightness of a building to be unsatisfactory. The most common areas of air leakage are:
- Around windows and doors that have not been sufficiently sealed
- Behind fitted units, such as in the kitchen or bathroom.
- Around sockets and other electrical inputs.
- Where the external wall meets a floor.
- Around any pipework leading into the building.
Why Use Us?
UK Building Compliance has a long history of working with the building trade in order to assess all of the rules and regulations laid down by the authorities. This experience means that we have built a great reputation and many regular clients. When you hire UK Building Compliance, you'll be hiring a company that:
- Cares about its clients, always ensuring that their needs are met in both a timely and professional manner.
- Understands the regulations laid down in both Part L1A and Part L2A, both of which govern different aspects of the air pressure testing process.
- Gives clear and impartial advice on the ways to ensure that your development achieves the results desired. We are not affiliated with other companies, so we won't ever recommend unneeded work.
- Offers a number of other services that might be of value to you – please see the bottom of this page for details.
Luckily, if these problems are located they can be corrected with a minimal amount of time and money. Of course, ensuring that they are installed correctly first time round will be the best option though!
Other Services to Consider
We also offer a number of other different services which might be of use to you if you require air pressure testing. These services are:
- SAP Assessments – required by every new dwelling, in order to ensure that it satisfies requirements pertaining to environmental impact.
- SBEM Assessments – similar to SAP assessments, however they are for non-dwellings.
- Domestic EPCs – these must be issued to every new dwelling, or any dwelling about to be sold.
- Commercial EPCs – these must be issued to any commercial building upon completion or when it is being sold.
- Display Energy Certificates – these must be displayed in all public buildings, to show visitors how energy efficient the building is.
- Ventilation Testing – this ensures that a building's ventilation is efficient and effective.
- U Value Calculations – these show how much heat is lost through different materials used in the construction of a building.
Please contact us today for more information. You can call us on 01455 634 855. Or alternatively fill in our online enquiry form.


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Retired Cardinal Roger Mahony said again this week how sorry he is.
Retired Cardinal Roger Mahony said again this week how sorry he is.
In a slightly different way, the word sorry can also be used to describe Mahony as a person and as a one-time leader of the nation's largest Catholic enclave, the Archdiocese of Los Angeles.
Confidential files just made public clearly show that Mahony, for five years bishop of the Stockton diocese before moving to his Los Angeles post in 1985, shielded numerous molester priests.
Much of this has been suspected if not conclusively known for years, but memos written in 1986 and 1987 by Mahony and Monsignor Thomas J. Curry, then the archdiocese's chief adviser on sex abuse cases, offer the strongest evidence yet of a concerted effort by officials in the nation's largest Catholic diocese to shield abusers from police.
Officials at the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office said this week they are reviewing the files. But former District Attorney Steve Cooley, who oversaw a five-year investigation of clergy sex abuse in the Los Angeles archdiocese, told the Los Angeles Times a three-year statute of limitations for most felonies made it unlikely prosecutors would bring criminal cases based on memos written by the church leaders in 1986 and 1987.
The newly released records, which the archdiocese fought for years to keep secret, reveal in church leaders' own words a desire to keep authorities from discovering that children were being abused.
These maneuvers, the memos show, began not long after he arrived in Los Angeles and continued for at least 15 years. He reassigned priests. Sent them out of state. And he kept churches and parishioners in the diocese in the dark about what was happening.
The Times reported this week that notes inked by Mahony indicate he was disturbed about abuse and sent problem priests for treatment, but there also were lengthy delays or oversights in some cases. Mahony received psychological reports on some priests that mentioned the possibility of many other victims, for example, but there is no indication that he or other church leaders investigated further.
Mahony retired in 2011. Over the years he has repeatedly apologized for errors in handling abuse allegations. Monday he apologized once again in a statement recounting meetings he's had with "some 90" victims of abuse.
"I have a 3 x 5 card for every victim I met with on the altar of my small chapel. I pray for them every single day," he wrote. "As I thumb through those cards I often pause as I am reminded of each personal story and the anguish that accompanies that life story."
"It remains my daily and fervent prayer that God's grace will flood the heart and soul of each victim, and that their life-journey continues forward with ever greater healing," he added. "I am sorry."
While leading the Stockton diocese, he had dealt with three allegations of clergy abuse, including one case in which he personally reported the priest to police.
Reporting such activities to police did not always occur or they were dealt with internally. In fact, perhaps the most notorious abuser, Oliver O'Grady, had an initial 1984 investigation closed after Mahony promised he would have no further contact with children. Instead Mahony moved him to a church in San Andreas. Eventually O'Grady was convicted and sentenced to prison.
In a 2010 deposition, Mahony acknowledged the Los Angeles archdiocese had never called police to report sexual abuse by a priest before 2000. He said church officials were unable to do so because they didn't know the names of the children harmed.
"In my experience, you can only call the police when you've got victims you can talk to," Mahony said.
When an attorney for an alleged victim suggested "the right thing to do" would have been to summon police immediately, Mahony replied, "Well, today it would. But back then that isn't the way those matters were approached."
We trust today it would be reported fully and without delay.
And we hope that never again would those who aid in covering up such crimes be considered any less criminally culpable than the abusers themselves.


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CrosSFit is a strength and conditioning system built on constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity. CrosSFit works for anyone and everyone, from professional and Olympic athletes to those just getting started.
Sunday, June 27, 2010
Change Everything? Easy. But not simple....
Have we got your attention? Yeah, we just finished our FIRST Spring Leaning challenge. Now a little confession and some background.
I was not into this. Yeah Yeah, my doctoral work was on adherence, and
barriers to adherence. So what.
The conversation with my wife (the ripped one in the family with the yoked abs) as I remember it.
A "photo transformation challenge?" I said to my wife Juliet.
"Doode, that's so weak sauce. Besides we talk about nutrition all the time. Doesn't everyone eat like my daughters?"
"Nope, most of our athletes probably don't eat breakfast...much less know how much they eat during the course of the day."
"Yep. The only precondition of this contest that I will run (Juliet wife voice), is that everyone has to log their food. They can eat paleo/zone/nutrisystem/jennycriag for all I care. They just need to be accountable."
"All right." (with arrogant resignation)
"Dewd, It's YOU Kelly, that is always saying that nutrition is the gateway to greatness, and that abs are made in the kitchen..."
I do say that. And Juliet was dead right. Our athletes needed: A formal, public way to track food and be accountable. And, another food lecture about quantity, and quality.
And we did just that. Josh made about $850 bucks by the way. He split the pot with...
Oh snap! Meet Dr.DR. aka. Ellen Krasik, PhD/MD and now fantasy Pathologist at UCSF and $850 bucks the richer.
It turns out eating brown foods, and lots of Diet Pepsi doesn't support Div 1 soccer,brainy, super badness. She literally saves lives. She's the one in the lab making the weird CSI medical saves. Now she even LOOKS like a super hero.
Do it at your gym.
It's easy. Just take the most badass, hard working, motivated people you know. Hint, they are your training partners in your gym. Give them a template for what good eating looks like. You know, what kinds of foods are actually "food", when, and how much, etc. It's all out there on a website called, Crossfit. And then?
Make it a contest. You should see the radness at our gym. Insane.
And who cares if you go faster, which you will and is the only really good reason to do anything hard.
But you will, and you will look awesomer too.
It's almost like this sh*t works.
My wife being right I mean.
Ps. Here is my passive aggressive way of saying my wife was right, and I was wrong.
She's the hot mom on the right, the girl on the left (Catherine Gravelle) is my sister. Catherine is an all american Ball player.
Recently at the alumni reunion game, all the girls asked her how they could look like she does... And Juliet aka, Whiskey?
She's just a world champion mother of two. You like apples?
7 comments:
- Hollis said...
Great pics.
And nice revamping of the site!
So they envoked a proper healthy lifestyle diet, but how do you get that physique changing tan?
- Pale Irish Crossfitting Bloke
We're blown away! Absolutely incredible work. I think we've got some work to do.
i've been inspired. Thanks. Almost three months of bad eating and very little CF equals feeling like poo. Leaning out and getting healthy here I come. Fuck legumes, sugar, and grains!
twinkle (ashamed of falling of the wagon) toes
- John Hill Gardner III said...
congrats josh and ellen on winning, you guys look great!
-John G
- The Randolphs said...
Congrats! Great work!! I have a few questions...what was the time duration between the before and after photos? Strict Paleo? Training- how often? Just want to know the secret to the amazing abs! ;o)
No really, I teach the nutrition class at our CF and would like to refer the class to your photos, but would like a little more info on how the winner got to where they are. Inspiring and thanks so much for sharing!
- JStarr said...
The challenge was 12 weeks long and to give credit where credit is due, it was modeled entirely after the Spring Leaning challenge done at Crossfit Seattle. In retrospect, an 8 week challenge would have been better. We recommended that folks follow a Zone or Paleo diet but the only real rule was that they had to log everything they ate and drank in our online food log program. So, even though we recommended Zone and/or Paleo and I think that's what most people followed, people could have really followed whatever leaning plan they wanted.


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|Allegro CL version 10.1
Unrevised from 10.0 to 10.1.
10.0 version
Arguments: file-type &key path
This function exists on the Windows platform only.
Returns a command-line string that can be used with run-shell-command (or perhaps the Windows API function WinExec) to invoke whatever program is registered for handling files of a specified file type.
file-type should be a pathname-type string such as "bmp" for Windows bitmap files. The string case does not matter.
path may be a pathname or path namestring
of a document to pass as a command line argument to the program, or
nil. If a path, then the returned
string is a complete command containing the path, and it may be passed
directly to run-shell-command. If
nil, then the returned string will contain "%1" where
the command line argument would be inserted, if one is accepted.
This form uses run-shell-command to invoke the registered
PDF-displaying program to display the AllegroCache tutorial. (The
:winapi module must be loaded; evaluate
;; The winapi module must be loaded for these examples to work (require :winapi) (run-shell-command (windows-command-for-document-type "pdf" :path (merge-pathnames "acache/doc/acachetutorial.pdf" (translate-logical-pathname "sys:"))))
This form does the same thing using WinExec.
(with-native-string (native (windows-command-for-document-type "pdf" :path (merge-pathnames "acache/doc/acachetutorial.pdf" (translate-logical-pathname "sys:")))) (win:WinExec native win:SW_SHOWNORMAL))
(setf windows-command-for-document-type) can be called to register a particular program for some file type. This setf function does not have the path argument. The file-type argument should be the same as above, and the value should be the command line string to execute for that file type. This sets the global registry value for the file type, and so it should not be done without an explicit request from the user.
Copyright (c) 1998-2017, Franz Inc. Oakland, CA., USA. All rights reserved.
This page was not revised from the 10.0 page.
Created 2017.2.15.
|Allegro CL version 10.1
Unrevised from 10.0 to 10.1.
10.0 version


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Victim's name: Antoinette Parks, 17
Investigative agency: Adams County Sheriff's Office.
Date killed: Jan. 24, 1981.
Cause of Death: Stabbed 23 times.
Suspect: None identified.
Antoinette Parks got A's and B's at Gateway High School.
"She was a very good student," said her brother, George Journey.
Antoinette also had a beautiful voice. She was a member of the music club and sang on the school's choir.
"She loved kids," Journey said. "She had a heart of gold."
But early in her senior year, in 1980, she got pregnant and dropped out of school. She got a job as a waitress at a Denny's restaurant.
Antoinette's boyfriend was several years older.
When she announced to him that she was pregnant, her boyfriend was furious.
He yelled at her, accusing her of wanting to take all his money. He insisted that she get an abortion. She refused. She wanted the baby.
In one incident, her boyfriend drove to Antoinette's house in his Cadillac Eldorado and "went ballistic," calling Antoinette a whore, Journey said.
"You'll pay for this," he screamed.
But on Jan. 24, 1981, she went to his house near 64th Avenue and Broadway.


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Find a great local eatery �
Fresh bouquets are closer than you think! �
A local pro can fix that leak �
Support nearby businesses and save! �
Search for a neighborhood agent �
Find local representation �
Make your move a pleasant one �
Find a repair shop near you �
Nearby experts can tackle that project �


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GAME CHANGE (Hardcover)
Harper, 9780061733635, 464pp.
Publication Date: January 11, 2010
Other Editions of This Title:
Digital Audiobook (1/10/2010)
Paperback (10/26/2010)
Paperback, Large Print (1/26/2010)
Compact Disc (2/1/2010)
CD-Audio (10/26/2010)
Praise For GAME CHANGE…
"Everybody talked. Anybody that tells you they didn't is lying to you."
-A former top Clinton aide, to Politico's Ben Smith
"A fascinating account. . . . Heilemann and Halperin serve up a spicy smorgasbord of observations, revelations, and allegations. . . . Game Change leaves the reader with a vivid, visceral sense of the campaign and a keen understanding of the paradoxes and contingencies of history."
-Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times
"Riveting. . . . Its pages brim with scandalous tidbits. . . . This is a must-read for anyone interested in the cutthroat backroom hows and whys of a presidential campaign. . . . And it doesn't hurt that Game Change reads more bodice-ripper than Beltway."
-Tina Jordan, Entertainment Weekly
"A smoking new book. . . . The real revelation in Game Change: Campaigns turn our politicians into lunatics."
-Tina Brown, The Daily Beast
"I can't put down this book!"
-Stephen Colbert
"The hottest book in the country."
-The Associated Press
"You've got to read Game Change. . . . I read each and every word. . . . Game Change is a great book."
-Don Imus
"Compulsively readable. Once begun, you can't put it down. . . . Deeply and knowledgeably reported and presented with all the cool sophistication one would expect from two accomplished political reporters."
-Tim Rutten, The Los Angeles Times
"The authors of Game Change succeed in creating a plausible account of the emotional tumult of the 2008 campaign as it might have been—perhaps even was—experienced by the candidates, their spouses, and their staffs."
-Hendrik Hertzberg, The New Yorker
"Heilemann and Halperin have conducted hundreds of interviews to provide the inside story of the 2008 campaign. . . . It vividly shows how character flaws large and small caused Obama's opponents to self-destruct."
-Jacob Heilbrunn, The New York Times Book Review
"A thoroughly researched, well-paced and occasionally very amusing read. . . . The result is something that conveys the feel, or perhaps more accurately the smell, of one of recent history's most thrilling elections, and it does so better than any of the other books already on the market."
-The Economist
"The best presidential political book since What it Takes by Richard Ben Cramer and Teddy White's books. These are the types of books that got me into politics."
-Joe Scarborough
"An explosive new book. . . . An absolute page turner."
-Soledad O'Brien on Larry King Live
"Riveting, definitive. . . . A great campaign book. . . . Halperin and Heilemann got insiders to cough up astonishing artifacts, including emails and recordings. . . . Game Change is really interesting, and puts you deep in the middle of it."
-Kurt Andersen, Very Short List
"An amazing piece of work. . . . One of the best books on politics of any kind I've read. For entertainment value, I put it up there with Catch 22. . . . An absolutely gripping read . . . they can write."
-Clive Crook, The Financial Times


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Nearby Parks
- Kianga Reef Beach - approx. 1.56km away
More Information
For additional information please visit the Eurobodalla Shire website.
Note: While Doggo aims to provide the most up-to-date information, councils and/or park authorities may change their regulations regarding dog exercise areas at any time. We suggest checking with the relevant park management for the latest information.
Last Updated: March 21, 2014 - Does this listing need updating? Let us know


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The International Phonetic Alphabet was developed as a standard for the phonetic representation of all languages.
For the IPA to display on your computer, you need the Charis SIL or Doulos SIL font. Further detailed information can be found on this tutorial.
The University of Victoria has a great page where you can listen to a recording of every sound.
The consonant chart
The consonant characters are arranged by place of articulation, voicing, and manner of articulation. It helps to be familiar with the terms for the parts of the tongue and the oral cavity. Here is a labeled diagram. Here is another.
Place of articulation refers to the place in the mouth where the sound is articulated, moving from the lips on the left side, to the glottis (vocal cords) on the right.
Voicing refers to the action of the vocal cords. In voiceless sounds, the vocal cords are held apart. In voiced sounds, the vocal cords are held together so that they vibrate as the air passes between them. You can feel the difference by putting your hand to your throat while saying /s/ (a voiceless sound) and /z/ (a voiced sound). With /z/, you should feel your vocal cords vibrating.
Manner of articulation refers to how the consonant is produced. There are two general categories: obstruent and sonorant. Obstruents have restriction of the airflow in the oral cavity, and sonorants have no restriction.
Obstruents are further categorized into plosives, nasals, and fricatives.
plosive (also called stop): the airflow is completely stopped, for instance /t/
nasal: the airflow is stopped in the oral cavity, but air flows through the nasal cavity: /n/. Nasals are usually voiced.
fricative: the airflow is restricted but not stopped: /s/
Description of some of the plosives, nasals and fricatives, with examples
bilabial: made with both lips
/p/ voiceless biabial plosive: English pip [pɪp]
/b/ voiced bilabial plosive: English ebb [ɛb]
/m/ voiced bilabial nasal: English mum [mʌm]
/ɸ/ voiceless bilabial fricative: Japanese fuji [ɸɯdʑi] "Fuji"
/β/ voiced bilabial fricative: Spanish haba [aβa] "bean"
Listen to bilabial fricatives in Ewe and Venda.
labiodental: the lower lip touches the upper teeth
/f/ voiceless labiodental fricative: English fun [fʌn]
/v/ voiced labiodental fricative: English vim [vɪm]
dental: the tip or blade of the tongue touches the teeth (the blade is the area immediately behind the tip)
/θ/ voiceless dental fricative: English thing [θɪŋ]
/ð/ voiced dental fricative: English that [ðæt]
alveolar: the tip or blade of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge (the area just behind the teeth)
/t/ voiceless alveolar plosive: English tot [tɑt]
/d/ voiced alveolar plosive: English add [æd]
/n/ voiced alveolar nasal: English nun [nʌn]
/s/ voiceless alveolar fricative: English suss [sʌs]
/z/ voiced alveolar fricative: English zoo [zu]
palato-alveolar or postalveolar: the blade of the tongue is close to the alveolar ridge and the forward part of the hard palate
/ʃ/ voiceless palato-alveolar fricative: English shush [ʃʌʃ]
/ʒ/ voiced palato-alveolar fricative: English azure [æʒɚ]
English has 2 palato-alveolar affricates - a plosive followed by a homorganic fricative (that is, a fricative at the same place of articulation).
/tʃ/ voiceless palato-alveolar affricate: English church [tʃɚtʃ]
/dʒ/ voiced palato-alveolar affricate: English judge [dʒʌdʒ]
retroflex: the underside of the tongue touches the border of the alveolar ridge and the hard palate
/ʈ/ voiceless retroflex plosive: Hindi [ʈəmɑʈər] "tomato"
/ɖ/ voiced retroflex plosive: Hindi [ɖal] "branch"
/ɳ/ voiced retroflex nasal: Malayalam [kʌɳɳi] "link in chain"
Listen to retroflex stops in Hindi and retroflex nasals in Malayalam.
palatal: the front of the tonɡue touches the hard palate (note that what is called the "front" of the tongue is really the middle of the tongue)
/c/ voiceless palatal plosive: Hungarian tyúk [cuːk] "hen"
/ɟ/ voiced palatal plosive: Hungarian gyújt [ɟuit] "he ignites"
/ɲ/ voiced palatal nasal: Spanish año [aɲo] "year", French signe [siɲ] "sign"
/ç/ voicless palatal fricative: German ich [ɪç] "I", Greek [çɛɾi] "hand"
/ʝ/ voiced palatal fricative: Greek [ʝɛɾi] "old men"
Listen to palatals in Hungarian.
velar: the back of the tongue touches the velum (the soft palate)
/k/ voiceless velar plosive: English kick [kɪk]
/g/ voiced velar plosive: English egg [ɛɡ]
/ŋ/ voiced velar nasal: English singing [sɪŋɪŋ], Wangurri [ŋamaʔ] "mother"
/x/ voiceless velar fricative: German nach [nax] "towards", Greek [xɔma] "soil"
/ɣ/ voiced velar fricative: Spanish vega [beɣa] "plain, meadow", Greek [ɣɔma] "eraser"
Listen to palatal and velar fricatives in Greek.
uvular: the back of the tonge touches the uvula
/q/ voiceless uvular plosive: Quechua [qan] "you"
/ ɴ/ voiced uvular nasal: Japanese [zeɴ] "zen"
/χ/ voiceless uvular fricative: Hebrew (Oriental dialect) [maχar] "he sold"
/ʁ/ voiced uvular fricative: standard French roue [ʁu] "wheel"
Listen to uvulars and pharyngeals in Hebrew.
pharyngeal: the root of the tongue is pulled back so it approaches the pharyngeal wall
/ħ/ voiceless pharynɡeal fricative: Arabic [ħaːl] "condition", Hebrew (Oriental dialect) [laħ] "humid"
/ʕ/ voiced pharynɡeal approximant: Arabic [ʕaːl] "fine", Hebrew (Oriental dialect) [naʕ] "moved"
Since it seems that complete closure cannot be made at this point of articulation, there are no pharyngeal plosives.
Listen to uvulars and pharyngeals in Hebrew.
glottal: a closure or semi-closure is made by the vocal cords
/ʔ/ voiceless glottal plosive: English uh-uh [ʔʌ̃ʔʌ̃] "no", Tagalog [kaʔoˑn] "fetch"
/h/ voiceless glottal fricative: English hey [hej]
Although the glottal stop is not considered a phoneme of English, it often occurs at the beginning of words that start with a vowel. In Estuary English, /t/ is often replaced by a glottal stop before a consonant or at the end of words.
Listen to glottal consonants in Gimi.This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
What does it mean to be articulated? Can a sound be articulated in more than one place?
What does it mean to be articulated?
From the Wikipedia article (link) on place of articulation:
Can a sound be articulated in more than one place?
Yes. There is a a group of sounds in languages which are articulated in two places at the same time. This is called secondary articulation or coarticulation; see the end of the same article (link). Two of them, labialization (e.g., [kʷ] as in quick /kʷɪk/ link) and velarization (e.g., the dark l [lˠ] or [ɫ] as in RP and General American peel [pʰiːɫ] link) happen in English. Another kind of coarticulation occurs commonly in Russian and Irish and is called palatalization. It is marked in IPA by a superscript j, e.g., [tʲ].
—Ceci n'est pas un seing.
Some languages have sounds that are doubly articulated. There are two simultaneous points of articulation, each with the same degree of stricture. Usually the points of articulation are velar and labial.
A ligature is used to show that the articulations are simultaneous. For instance Sherbro (West Africa) [g͡bi] "all" and [g͡baŋ] "hat"
Sonorant consonants are also called approximants. Approximants have more constriction than a vowel, but without the frication of fricatives. With lateral approximants, the sides of the tongue are lowered, allowing air to flow on either side.
Lateral approximants:
/l/ alveolar lateral approximant: English lull
/ɭ/ retroflex lateral approximant: Tamil [tʃaɭi] "cold"
/ʎ/ palatal lateral approximant: Italian gli [ʎi] "to him"
/ʟ/ velar lateral approximant: Melpa [paʟa] "fence"
Lateral fricatives are made by restricting the airflow more than with laterals, but still allowing air to pass on either side of the tongue.
/ɬ/ voiceless lateral fricative: Welsh llan [ɬɑn] "church"
/ɮ/ voiced lateral fricative: Zulu [ɮala] "play"
Listen to laterals in Bura and Melpa.
Rhotic sounds have an r-like quality. They include English /ɹ/, and taps and trills. With taps, the articulators make brief contact, for instance in an alveolar tap, the front of the tongue briefly taps the alveolar ridge.
With trills, one articulator vibrates against the other. In an alveolar trill, the front of the tongue vibrates against the alveolar ridge.
/ɹ/ retroflex approximant: English red [ɹɛd] (some sources use [ɻ])
/ɾ̪/ dental tap: Spanish pero [peɾ̪o] "but"
/r̪/ dental trill: Spanish perro [per̪o] "dog"
/ʁ/ voiced uvular fricative: standard French roue [ʁu] "wheel"
In North American English, /t/ and /d/ are pronounced as an alveolar tap between vowels. This is called intervocalic alveolar flapping.
/ɾ/ alveolar tap: North American English butter [bʌɾɚ]
Listen to rhotics in French and Èdó.
Semivowels. Semivowels are also called glides. Phonetically they are not consonants because they have the same constriction as vowels. They are moving vowels which always occur next to another vowel. For instance with "yes" [jɛs] the tongue starts in the position for the vowel [i] and moves to the position for the vowel [ɛ].
/j/ voiced palatal approximant: English yes [jɛs]
/w/ voiced labial-velar approximant: English we [wi]
/ɥ/ voiced labial-palatal approximant: French huit [ɥit]
/w/ and /ɥ/ have a secondary articulation at the lips (the lips are rounded) so they are termed labial-velar and labial-palatal (or labialized velar and labialized palatal).This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
Is there some kind of pattern in the symbols? While reading the above paragraph I realized that one of the difficulties I've had learning IPA is that I have to look up each character when I read a word. I have no idea where it is in the alphabet, so I'm reduced to doing a visual scan of a table or page for the shape of the symbol. I'm not good at this, so I end up having to check, on average, half the symbols until I find it.
You just have to learn them. If I could do it it can't be that hard. And not all of them are needed for English anyway.
"No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money." Samuel Johnson.
My current blog.
Photographs to accompany Anyone Can DO It available from www.lulu.com
My photoblog The World Through A lens
Is there a list of English-only IPA symbols?
here. There are lots and lots of vowels, since they are so variable across dialects.
Wow. You have really provided a lot of sources here, and thank you.
I have read everything, clicking all the links. As a real novice to this, I wonder if you could recommend a text. I also would like to download some of the fonts to my computer (if my adminstrator will allow it), and I am confused about which would be best (which to me means "easiest.")
Thanks again for all your hard work.
The most popular font is apparently Doulos SIL. I'd say just install that one.
I got some of this information from "Theoretical and Practical Phonetics" by Henry Rogers. It's a Canadian textbook, and has a chapters devoted to French and Canadian English.
But I'd actually recommend Peter Ladefoged's "A Course in Phonetics" if you're interested in phonetics.
The UCLA Phonetics Lab has a lot of information and sound files.
But I'd actually recommend Peter Ladefoged's "A Course in Phonetics" if you're interested in phonetics.
I'd second that recommendation. It's the textbook I used when I studied phonetics and phonology with Ladefoged's student John Ohala. (Of course, I used an earlier edition, I see it's up to the fifth, and the current one comes with a CD-ROM (link).)
—Ceci n'est pas un seing.
the vowel chart
Imagine the vowel chart as a cross section of the oral cavity, with the lips on the left. The position of each vowel symbol indicates the highest point of the tongue in the articulation of that vowel.
Vowels are classified by
height: the height of the tongue. High vowels are also called close vowels.
backness: the position of the tongue in relation to the back of the mouth, how front or back the tongue is in the mouth
roundedness: whether and how much the lips are rounded
nasalization: whether air also passes through the nasal cavity
Vowels are referenced using cardinal vowels. Cardinal vowels are those produced at the most extreme positions, for instance cardinal vowel [u] is produced with the tongue as close and back as possible. The vowel in English boot is transcribed with the symbol [u] because that cardinal vowel is closest to the English vowel.
Here are the vowels of North American English and their symbols.
/i/ close front unrounded: beet
/ɪ/ near-close near-front unrounded: bit
/eɪ/ or /ej/ close-mid front unrounded followed by a glide: bait
/ɛ/ open-mid front unrounded: bet
/æ/ near-open front unrounded: bat
/u/ close back rounded: boot
/ʊ/ near-close near-back rounded: book
/oʊ/ or /ow/ close-mid back rounded followed by a glide: boat
/ʌ/ open-mid back unrounded: but
/ɔ/ open-mid back rounded: law
/ɑ/ open back unrounded: father (in Canadian English, /ɔ/ and /ɑ/ have merged into /ɑ/. This is known as the cot-caught merger)
/ə/ mid central unrounded: about
/aʊ/ or /aw/: how
/aɪ/ or /aj/: high
/ɔɪ/ or /ɔj/: boy
The last 3 are diphthongs: a vowel followed by a semivowel. /eɪ/ and /oʊ/ are also diphthongs.
(Wikipedia uses /eɪ oʊ aʊ aɪ ɔɪ/ but I'm used to using /ej ow aw aj ɔj/. You could make arguments for either)
Other dialects have different vowels, as can be seen here.
Vowels in North American English are rhoticised when they are followed by /ɹ/. Rhotacised vowels, also known as R-coloured vowels, have a different quality than their non-rhotacised counterparts. A diacritic can be added to the symbol to indicate rhoticity: for instance [ɚ] indicates an R-coloured [ə]: the vowel in her.
Vowels are nasalized when the velum is lowered, allowing air to pass through the nasal cavity as well as through the oral cavity.
Nasalization is indicated with a tilde above the vowel symbol. In English, vowels are nasalized before nasal consonants: am [æ̃m], home [hõw̃m]
In Scots Gaelic, vowels are nasalized after nasal consonants: mac [mãxk] "son"
Some languages make a distinction between nasalized and non-nasalized vowels, for instance French:
mais [mɛ] "but"
main [mɛ̃] "hand"This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
Well, I think I downloaded it, but I am not sure what to do with it now. I know this sounds really stupid, but where do I find it?
I will look for the book. However, I'd also like a linguistic book that contains a basic overview. Is there such a thing? Periodically I've looked for something like that in book stores, but I've never known what to buy.
To be honest, I don't think I'll ever get this. The nuances of sound seem so intricate.
I'd also like a linguistic book that contains a basic overview.
Ladefoged's textbook is for an upper-division, undergraduate, introductory course in phonetics.
I've suggested some intorductory books on language before, but here's a list:
Ferdinand de Saussure. A Course In General Linguistics.
Edward Sapir. Language.
Otto Jespersen. Language.
Leonard Bloomfield. Language.
Henry Hoenigswald. Language Change and Linguistic Reconstruction.
Robert Hall. Linguistics and Your Language. (Originally Leave Your Language Alone!)
Jean Aitchison. Language Change: Progress or Decay?
Ronald Wardhaugh. Proper English: Myths and Misunderstandings About English.
I've placed them roughly in their order of publication from the teens to the '90s of the last century. Some are still in print, but all may be found used online or at your favorite neighborhood bookstore. You can probably browse their tables of contents at Amazon, and, no doubt, find reviews of them there and elsewhere online. Most of them are aimed at a popular audience.
—Ceci n'est pas un seing.
Do you mean the font? Maybe this tutorial will help.
I downloaded it, and it said the download was complete. There's a little icon on my desktop, but I don't know where to find the actual fonts. I did look at the tutorial, and their dropdown box indicated they were using a juneicode font, which does not appear in my characters. Therefore, I am not sure if my download was complete.
There's a little icon on my desktop
What's the name on the icon? Specifically what is the file extension? (That is the part to the right of the period (full stop in UK).
—Ceci n'est pas un seing.
I feel so stupid about computers when I am posting on Wordcraft. Yet at work, people think I am one of the best. Nobody can believe I have a Blog, for instance. It's so strange.
Anyway, z, the name of it is: DoulosSIL, and when I click it, it's a WinZip that has 6 entries, including a pdf with 28 pages overviewing Doulos SIL font documentation. However, what I had expected was a way to post with those pronunciation fonts that some of you use. I wondered if it automatically is now a part of my Character Map. Probably not.
Well, one of the files should have a .ttf extension. After you extract that somewhere on your hard drive:
1. Choose Start Menu > Settings > Control Panel and double-click on the Fonts control. (Anyway that's what it used to be called; not sure about Windows XP or Vista.)
2. You'll see a window with a list of fonts you have installed on your machine.
3. Choose File > Install new font ...
4. In the lower left-hand corner, you'll see a file browser. Navigate to the place you unzipped the font to.
5. You will see a List of fonts in this directory.
6. Select the one to install.
7. Choose the OK button.
That should install the font.
I use the Character Map utility that comes with Windows to get at seldom used characters.
1. Choose Start Menu > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Character Map menu item.
That'll start it.
3. Choose the Font you just installed in the Font dropdown.
4. Choose Group by Unicode subrange in the Group by dropdown.
That will pop up another little window to the right of the main one. Latin has all the characters in the extended Latin alphabet. Look at the other ones. There's Greek and Cyrillic, etc.
That's only if you're typing in something quick. There are different keyboards you can install and activate. For instance I have Slovak and Polytonic Greek keyboards installed and can choose them to type with. Mind you, you need to be familiar with the layout, but since Shu uses Dvorak, I think he can help you with that. For all I know the SIL may have a Windows keyboard you can install and use to make typing IPA easier, but since I'm not typesetting a graamar of some exotic language I haven't bothered to look into it.
(If you're still having problems, send me a PM, and I can walk you thru it over the phone.)
—Ceci n'est pas un seing.
Sorry I am such a mere mortal...but I have one question. Since I did find the Lucinda Sans Unicode font on my Character Map menu, do I still need to do actions 1-7 above? If so, what's the point of having the Lucinda Sans Unicode font?
Let's just say I will not be your easiest pupil!
In terms of the sounds I wonder if anyone will find this of help. Click on a symbol for the sound. It's nowhere near complete but the common English sounds are all there.
"No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money." Samuel Johnson.
My current blog.
Photographs to accompany Anyone Can DO It available from www.lulu.com
My photoblog The World Through A lens
No, K., you can just got with that. It won't hurt I have both fonts installed. (I've been using the SIL Doulos one since the dark days before Unicode.)
Bob, nice little phoneme / sound chart.
—Ceci n'est pas un seing.
[?]wondering ... Is "phoneme" abbreviation slang for 'telephoneme," as in "telephoneme in the morning and teleme ..."[/?]
(ITALIC accent)
A phoneme is a contrastive sound in a language. If we have two words that differ in only one sound (a minimal pair), then we have isolated two phonemes. For instance:
have different meanings and differ only in the initial sound. So /p/ and /b/ are phonemes in English.This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
Go sit in the corner, put on the dunce's cap, and write out 2,000 times:
I promise I will not make (bad) jokes in class in future.
Build a man a fire and he's warm for a day. Set a man on fire and he's warm for the rest of his life.
An allophone is a variant of a phoneme. One phoneme can have different allophones depending on the environment. In other words, the same sound can sound different depending on its place in the word. For instance, if you hold your hand in front of your mouth and pronounce "stop" and "top", you can feel a puff of air with "top", but there is no puff of air with "stop".
To account for this, linguists have two different levels of representing sounds. The phonemic level represents the phonemes - the contrastive sounds in the language. So at the phonemic level, "stop" and "top" are transcribed as /stɑp/ and /tɑp/. (Phonemic transcriptions use slash brackets.)
The allophonic or phonetic level represents how the sounds are produced depending on their environment. At the allophonic level, "stop" and "top" can be transcribed as [stɑp] and [tʰɑp]. The superscript h respresents the fact that the /t/ of "top" is produced with aspiration (a "puff of air").
We say that phoneme /t/ has two allophones: [t] and [tʰ]. Their distribution is regular: /t/ is always aspirated initially in stressed syllables, and it is unaspirated elsewhere. (Allophonic or phonetic transcriptions use square brackets.)
We call unanalyzed sounds "phones" or "segments". A phone is the smallest unit of sound that can be transcribed with an IPA symbol. We use the term "phone" or "segment" when we don't know or it doesn't matter whether the sound is a phoneme or allophone.
Here's how some allophones of English are represented in the IPA.
plain [p] - after syllable-initial /s/, syllable initial in unstressed syllables, finally
spit [spɪt]
upper [ˡʌpɚ]
stop [stɑp]
aspirated [pʰ] - initially in stressed syllables
pit [pʰɪt]
plain [t] - after syllable-initial /s/, syllable initial in unstressed syllables, finally
stop [stɑp]
tobacco [təˈbækow]
write [ɹajt]
aspirated [tʰ] - initially in stressed syllables
top [tʰɑp]
entire [ənˈtʰajɹ]
unreleased or inaudible release [t̚] - finally, before another stop
write [ɹajt̚]
eight times [ejt̚ tajmz]
tap [ɾ] - at the beginning of non-initial unstressed syllables (North American English)
city [sɪɾi]
writer [ˈɹajɾɚ]
rounded retroflexed palato-alveolar affricate [ʈʂʷ] - before /ɹ/
tree [ʈʂʷɹi]
This sounds a lot like [tʃ].
plain [k] - after syllable-initial /s/, finally
skin [skɪn]
stack [stæk]
aspirated [kʰ] - initially in stressed syllables
kin [kʰɪn]
plain [l] - initially
lie [laj]
velarised [ɫ] - after a vowel, before a voiced consonant
lull [lʌɫ]
twelve [twɛɫv]
Velarisation is a secondary articulation. The back of the tongue is raised toward the velum at the same time as the /l/ is produced. This is also called "dark L".
syllabic velarised [ɫ̩] - finally after a consonant
table [tejbɫ̩]
A subscript stroke is used to represent a syllabic consonant.
In slow speech, table can be pronounced with a vowel in the second syllable: [tejbəɫ]. But in normal speech, the /l/ is syllabic - it forms its own syllable.
All this info is from "Theoretical and Practical Phonetics" by Henry Rogers.This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
Quoth arnie ...
I promise ... I promise ...... ditto ditto
(there must be at least 293 ways to do this)
I've updated my earlier posts with links to sound files for some of the non-English sounds, so you can hear what uvulars and pharyngeals sound like, for instance.
The terminology is a killer! I realize that I'll have to download that SIL Doulos as I mostly see little squares in goofy's posts about phonemes.
To expand on what zmježd wrote about secondary articulation above. Secondary articulation or coarticulation occurs when there are two simultaneous places of articulation. For instance, with a velarized alveolar lateral (the English dark L), the main place of articulation is alveolar - the tongue makes a closure with the alveolar ridge. And the secondary place of articulation is velar - The back of the tongue is raised up toward the velum at the same time.
Here are four kinds of secondary articulation.
The front (i.e., middle) of the tongue is raised toward the palatal region.
Palatalization is indicated with a superscript j.
Russian contrasts palatalized and non-palatalized consonants.
[sok] "juice"
[sʲok] "he lashed"
[mal] "little"
[mʲal] "crumple"
Listen to palatalized consonants in Russian.
The lips are rounded.
Labialization is indicated with a superscript w.
In English, /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, ɹ/ are all labialized to some degree. We could transcribe them phonetically as [ʃʷ, ʒʷ, tʃʷ, dʒʷ, ɹʷ]
Bura (Pela dialect) constrasts labialized and non-labialized consonants.
[mara] "to carve"
[mʷanta] "to move"
Listen to labialized consonants in Bura.
We've already seen velarization with English dark L [ɫ].
With velarization, the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum.
Velarization is indicated with a superscript ɣ (gamma), or with a tilde through the symbol. So English dark L could be transcribed as [ɫ] or [lˠ].
Scots Gaelic contrasts plain, velarized, and palatalized laterals.
plain [balə] "town"
velarized [baɫə] "ball, wall"
palatalized [kalʲɔx] "old woman"
The root of tongue is pulled back toward the pharyngeal wall.
Pharyngealization is represented with a superscript ʕ (but is sometimes represented with a tilde, the same as velarized consonants).
plain [suːs] "licorice"
pharyngealized [sˤuːsˤ] "chick"
plain [dal] "he pointed"
pharyngealized [dˤal] "he stayed"
Listen to pharyngealized consonants in Arabic.This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
goofy, the links really help, though I can see that I am going to have to read this section several times before I learn it. I also need to do something so those specialized fonts show up. It's interesting because there's definitely an anatomy relationship to linguistics.
I find it interesting that every part of the vocal tract has a dual function - it's used in speech and in eating or breathing. There is no part that is just used for speech or just used for eating or breathing afaik.
There are still more consonant symbols. I don't have sound files for all of these, but don't forget about this page where you can listen to almost every sound.
/ʍ/ voiceless labial-velar approximant
This a voiceless /w/. It found in some English dialects in words spelled with "wh".
[ʍɛn] when
[ʍɪtʃ] which
Most dialects have [wɛn] and [wɪtʃ] instead. The merger of /w/ and /ʍ/ into /w/ is called the wine-whine merger.
/ʋ/ labiodental approximant
like /v/, except that the lips do not touch the teeth so there is no friction. To English speakers it can sound like a cross between /v/ and /w/.
Hindi [ʋe] "they"
Hawaiian [ʋiki] "fast"
/ѵ/ labio-dental flap
This is a flap produced with the lower lip striking the upper teeth. It is mainly found in languages of central Africa.
/ʙ/ bilabial trill
The lips vibrate against each other.
Kele [ᵐʙulim] "face" (the superscript m indicates prenasalization: the trill has a short nasal onset.)
Bilabial trills in Kele and Titan
/ɕ/ voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
/ʑ/ voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
These are similar to the palato-alveolars /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Rogers says "They can be produced with the tip of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge and the blade quite close to the alveolar ridge back and to the forward part of the hard palate."
The distinction between alveolo-palatal and palato-alveolar is useful for some languages, like Polish. From Rogers:
[duʑi] "big" (masc. pers. nom. pl.)
[duʒi] "big" (masc. nom. sg.)
[lɛpɕi] "better" (masc. pers. nom. pl.)
[lɛpʃi] "better" (masc. nom. sg.)
Listen to examples in Polish.
/ʂ/ voiceless retroflex fricative
/ʐ/ voiced retroflex fricative
As with retroflex plosives, the underside of the tongue is curled up to touch the border of the alveolar ridge and the hard palate.
Malayalam [kaʂʈi] "scarce"
Mandarin [ʐou] "meat"
Some sources say that Polish has /ʂ ʐ/ instead of /ʃ ʒ/.
/ɧ/ voiceless palatal-velar fricative
this is traditionally described as a simultaneous /ʃ/ and /x/ (although this is disputed), and is only used for transcribing Swedish.
Swedish [ɧok] "chunk"
Listen to Swedish voiceless fricatives
/ɽ/ retroflex flap
The tip of the tongue flaps once against the postalveolar region or the hard palate.
Hindi [bəɽɑː] "big"
/ɺ/ alveolar lateral flap
This is like the Spanish /ɾ/ of pero, but it is also lateral, so the tongue does not make contact at the sides, allowing air to flow over the sides of the tongue.
Japanese [ɺiku] "land"
/ɱ/ labio-dental nasal plosive
This is like /m/, except that it is made with the lower lip touching the upper teeth. English speakers make it sometimes in words where /m/ is followed by /f/, like "symphony".
/ɰ/ velar approximant
like /w/ except that the lips are not rounded. /w/ is labio-velar - the lips are rounded while the back of tongue is raised towards the velum. /ɰ/ is velar only.
This sound is very similar to, and apparently alternates with, the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/ in Icelandic and Spanish.
/ɢ/ voiced uvular plosive
The voiced counterpart of /q/. It is apparently found in Inuktitut, Persian, and some dialects of Arabic.
/ʀ/ uvular trill
the uvula vibrates against the back of the tongue. (This is different from other trills, where it is the tongue that vibrates.) French and German sometimes have this instead of the voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/.
Epiglottal consonants
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located above the vocal cords. It prevents food from entering the trachea when we swallow.
Traditionally, the epiglottis was not regarded as playing a part in speech. However, epiglottal consonants do exist.
/ʡ/ voiceless epiglottal plosive: Agul [jaʡar] "centers"
/ʢ/ voiced epiglottal fricative or approximant: Arabic [taʢaʃʃɐ] "to have supper" (some dialects)
/ʜ/ voiceless epiglottal fricative: Agul [mɛʜɛr] "wheys"
Listen to epiglottal consonants in Agul.
Dental consonants
The tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth.
To indicate dental consonants, a diacritic is placed under the symbol for the alveolar consonant.
/n̪/ voiced dental nasal: French non [n̪ɔ̃] "no"
/t̪/ voiceless dental plosive: French tu [t̪y] "you"
/d̪/ voiced dental plosive: French de [d̪ə] "of"
Malayalam contrasts dental and alveolar nasals.
[kən̪n̪u] "calf"
[kənni] "month"
Voiceless sonorants
Vowels and sonorant consonants are usually voiced. A ring underneath a symbol indicates that the sound is voiceless. Burmese contrasts voiced and voiceless sonorants.
[lɑʔ] "be bare"
[l̥ɑʔ] "uncover"
[mɑʔ] "be steep"
[m̥ɑ̃] "estimate"
Listen to voiceless nasals in Burmese.
Linguo-labial consonants
The tip of the tongue touches the upper lip. Linguo-labial consonants are transcribed with the symbol for the alveolar consonant plus a diacritic.
V'enen Taut (Big Nambas):
[t̼atei] "breadfruit"
[nən̼ək] "my tongue"
[nað̼ət] "stone"
Listen to linguo-labials in V'enen Taut.
more to come...This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
I have a deadline for submitting a book chapter on Monday...after that I really must focus on getting my fonts straight so that I can understand what those little squares are.
Goofy, your post that every part of the vocal tract has a dual function made me search the Internet for some more information on that. I found this cool site; be sure to watch the video clips. I had no idea there was even a specialty called Voice Medicine.
Very cool. The movies are slowed down so you can see the vocal folds vibrate.
More vowels!
First, you can listen to the vowels of BBC English and General American English.
/y/ close front rounded vowel
This is like /i/ (as in beet), but the lips are rounded
French tu [ty] "you"
/ʏ/ near-close near-front rounded vowel
This is like /ɪ/ (as in bit) but the lips are rounded
German Bütten [bʏtən] "tubs"
/ø/ close-mid front rounded vowel
like /e/ but the lips are rounded
French feu [fø] "fire"
German böten [bøːtən] "offered" (subjunctive)
/œ/ open-mid front rounded vowel
like /ɛ/ (as in egg) but the lips are rounded
French oeuf [œf] "egg"
German Böttingen [bœtiŋən]
Listen to front rounded vowels in French, German, Dutch, Norwegian and Turkish.
/ɯ/ close back unrounded vowel
like /u/ but the lips are unrounded
Vietnamese [tɯ] "fourth"
/ɤ/ close-mid back unrounded vowel
like /o/ but the lips are unrounded
Vietnamese [tɤ] "silk"
Listen to vowels in Vietnamese.
/ɨ/ high central unrounded vowel
produced further back than /i/ but not as far back as /ɯ/
Russian [bɨl] "he was"
/ʉ/ high central rounded vowel
produced further back than /y/ but not as far back as /u/
Scots English [gʉd] "good"
/a/ open front unrounded vowel
German Rat [ʀaːt] "advice"
/ɐ/ near open central vowel
RP English [nɐt] "nut"
/ɒ/ open back rounded vowel
like /ɑ/ (as in father) but rounded
RP English [sɒft] "soft"
Phonation and airstream mechanisms
I find this area very interesting, so I've written a lot about it, probably more than you want to know.
Phonation refers to how the vocal cords are adjusted. Voicing and voicelessness are two kinds of phonation, but there are others, for instance breathy voice and creaky voice.
Airstream mechanism refers to how the airflow is initiated. Most speech sounds are pulmonic egressive - they are created by forcing air out of the lungs. With ejectives, implosives and clicks, the airflow is initiated in other ways.
Breathy voice
With voiced sounds, the vocal cords are vibrating and held tightly together. With breathy voice, also called murmur, the vocal cords are vibrating, but they are held slightly apart.
Breathy voice is indicated with two dots under the symbol.
Hindi contrasts four kinds of plosives: voiceless, voiceless aspirated, voiced, and breathy voice (commonly called "voiced aspirated").
voiceless [pal] "take care of"
voiceless aspirated [pʰal] "knife blade"
voiced [bal] "hair"
breathy voice [b̤ʱal] "forehead"
Listen to breathy voice phones in Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati and Tsonga.
/ɦ/ voiced glottal fricative
Phonetically, this sound is breathy voiced. English /h/ is realized as [ɦ] in between vowels, for instance ahead [əˈɦɛd].
The Hindi breathy voiced plosives have a breathy voice aspiration, represented by a superscript ɦ, as in [b̤ʱal] "forehead".
Creaky voice
With creaky voice, also called laryngealization, the vocal cords are tightly closed and vibrate irregularly. The result is a low-pitched vibration. It has been described as similar to the sound a stick makes when run along a picket fence. Some RP English speakers trail off sentences with creaky voice.
Creaky voice is indicated with a tilde under the symbol.
Mazatec contrasts creaky voice and breathy voice.
creaky voice [ndæ̰] "buttocks"
breathy voice [ndæ̤] "horse"
Ejective consonants are produced using a glottalic egressive airstream mechanism. Instead of the air being forced out of the lungs, which is what happens with most speech sounds, the vocal cords are closed and raised, so the air column is pushed upward, creating a high pressure before the consonant is released. Ejective fricatives and affricates are also possible.
Ejectives are transcribed with the symbol for the voiceless consonant plus a diacritic.
[t'anta] "bread"
[wisq'aj] "to close"
[s'əɡɡɑ] "grace"
[mətʃ'] "one who comes"
Listen to ejectives in Quechua, K'ekchi, and Navajo.
Implosives are produced by moving the larynx downwards. Normally, voicing occurs when air is pushed upwards through the glottis. With implosives, the glottis is pushed downwards through the air.
Implosives are transcribed with modified symbols for the voiced plosives: /ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ/.
voiced [banu] "forest"
implosive [ɓani] "field"
voiced [guɳu] "quality"
implosive [ɠanu] "handle"
Listen to implosives in Sindhi. (This data includes a retroflex implosive (for "festival"), the symbol for which (ᶑ) is not part of the IPA. Wikipedia claims that this sound has not been confirmed in any language.)
Click consonants
Click consonants are produced with a velaric ingressive airstream mechanism. A closure is made by the back of the tongue and the velum, and a simultaneous closure is made further forward in the mouth, for instance the tip of the tongue and the teeth. Then the back of the tongue is pulled down, enlarging the cavity and thus lowering the air pressure inside the oral cavity. When the forward closure is released (in this case, the tip of the tongue is then pulled back from the teeth), air flows in. The resulting sound is a click.
Symbols for the click consonants are categorized according to where the forward closure is made.
/ʘ/ bilabial click: !Xóõ [ʘaa] "child"
/ǀ/ dental click: Xhosa [ukukǀola] "to grind fine"
/ǁ/ alveolar lateral click: Xhosa [ukǁolo] "peace"
/ǂ/ palatoalveolar click: Nama [kǂais] "calling"
/ǃ/ (post)alveolar click: Xhosa [ukukǃoɓa] "to break stones"
Click consonants as phonemes are found only in the languages of southern Africa. Languages with clicks tend to have a lot of them. Xhosa has 3 places of articulation for its clicks. Each click is accompanied by one of 4 secondary articulations, for a total of 15 click sounds. Listen to clicks in Xhosa, Nama, Zhuǀhõasi and Zulu.
The award for the language with the most click sounds seems to go to !Xóõ. !Xóõ has 5 places of articulation for its clicks, most of which are accompanied by one of 17 possible secondary articulations, making a total of 83 click sounds.
We make clicks in English, although they do not function as phonemes. A kiss is a bilabial click. We make a dental click, written as "tsk-tsk", to indicate displeasure or concern.This message has been edited. Last edited by: goofy,
I know you're supposed to keep up with courses, but I am at this conference and only have about an hour a day for all my computer work. I'll catch up this weekend.
I had some free time to write this, but I know that not everyone does. Think of it as a reference for the future rather than homework.
Did Victor Borge visit Botswana prior to developing his "phonetic punctuation" comedy routine?
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text:
Lumesse was interested in knowing what professionals from around the world really thought about their employers. So in May 2011, they conducted a global workplace survey to find out exactly that. The survey was sourced from almost 4,000 employees in companies across 14 countries worldwide, including the U.S., UK, Germany and China. The survey, called "Global Workplace Survey June 2011 — Like where you work — but still plan to leave?" provides a unique insight into what is really going through the minds of workers regardless of gender, age and country of origin.
The survey found that 69 percent of people are proud of where they work, and that 60 percent of people care about employer brand, but 29 percent of people plan to leave within the next five years. And a staggering 81 percent of people do not feel their skills are being fully utilized.
Perhaps those numbers look like a contradiction at first sight, but Lumesse thinks it may have found a link. The survey reveals that many people feel under-utilized and under-appreciated, so they hope these top 10 tips will help you find ways to reward and retain your people and address any potential mismatch between the talent you have in your organization and how you use it.
Seven Deadly Sins of IT Service Management Seven deadly sins to be avoided in order to optimize the business benefit of IT service management.
Ten USB Drive Security Best Practices Ten security practices all organizations should adopt and practice.
Top Five Mobile Cloud Predictions for Business Users Business users well understand where these two technologies are heading and what they expect to be able to make regular use of within the next year.
Related Topics : A Big Market for Big Data Jobs, Midmarket CIO, IT Management Automation, SharePoint, Technology Markets
The gig economy is clearly disrupting the tech industry, both in positive and negative ways. ... More >>
Is fake news a security issue? Some say yes, as it can be used as a social engineering tool to spread disinformation and conceivably to get unsuspecting users to click on malicious links. ... More >>
Executives at several top tech firms outline the skills they need now and in the near future, including IaaS and IoT security expertise. Other skills listed may surprise you. ... More >>


text:
As per the NY times report, many people fear to ask their doctor for a DNA test although they are health conscious. It is because they suspect that they won't get health insurance and even a job in case the report shows any genetic predisposition or they will find themselves in health discrimination. Some people often seek such service that would send them medical kit by which they can find out if there is any disease that ran in their family.
According to the doctors, some patients fear to learn if they are in the risk of disease like colon and breast cancer because these treatments are expensive and this is why they refuse for tests. In some cases, patients spend thousands of their own money for DNA tests. Although the expenses could be covered by insurance, they do it to avoid scrutiny. Anyway, if they have found that they are in the risk of any particular genetic condition, they often request their doctors not to mention this in their medical reports.
Most of the patients do that in the fear of health/genetic discrimination, but such discriminations should be rare in today's society. But because of this fear, most of such patients are losing the ability to prevent and treat their genetic disease more effectively.
According to the employers, discrimination has already been prohibited by the Americans with existing laws of medical records, but employee rights advocates are telling that these laws do not apparently prevents the patients from high health care expenses.
Insurance providers say that they don't ask for any kinds of genetic records, but the Health Policy Institute of Georgetown University has recently discovered that most of the insurance providers deny coverage or charge more or exclude some conditions from the coverage plan based on the genetic test results.
Many health professionals complain that most of the patients do not participate in DNA tests or delays cures and treatments because of these reasons. The same concern leads them to cancel the appointments for cancer tests, as a result growing the risk of having horrible disease like breast cancer.


text:
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I have severe hearing problems - please contact me by e-mail
Searchable Data Base for visitors or business interested in
Ontario and Newfoundland-Labrador
Things to see and to do
Shopping, Investment
Contact Information:N/A
Tel. N/A
Description:Jordan and its surroundings are a very lovely part of the Niagara peninsula.
Nestled between vineyards and fruit gardens it is one of my favorite destinations when we have visitors and I want to show them our area. The Location has a relative long history and all the old houses are nicely renovated. Many of them have been converted into small galleries, stores and boutiques. I was especially attracted by one which sells sculptures and other art work created by the Inuit and Iroquois.


text:
Welcome to the CRG Discussion Forum!Forum registration problems: Make sure you enter your email correctly and you check your spam box first. *Then* email KurtS2@gmail for help.Classified ads are not allowed on the forum.
Reminds me of the cap (3908372) used on the left rear shock only on all 1st gen camaro's. No one ever talks about them but they do exist.