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Latin american journal of aquatic research
versión On-line ISSN 0718-560X
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. vol.40 no.2 Valparaíso jun. 2012
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 40(2): 398-407, 2012
DOI: 10.3856/vol40-issue2-fulltext-14
Decomposition of mangrove leaves in the estuary of Paraíba do Sul River Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Descomposición de hojas de mangle en el estuario del Río Paraíba do Sul Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Taísa Barroso-Matos1, Elaine Bernini1 & Carlos Eduardo Rezende1
1Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB) Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais (LCA), Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto 28015-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ABSTRACT. The decomposition rate of senescent leaves of Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle in their respective areas of dominance were analyzed in the estuary mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro, by the method of litter bags. Results indicated that the rate of decomposition of leaves of L. racemosa (3.2 x 10-3) did not differ significantly from A. germinans and R. mangle (P > 0.05), but that A. germinans (5.1 x 10-3) exhibits a higher decomposition rate than R. mangle (2.7 x 10-3) (P < 0.05). These differences may be explained by different leaf traits among species (e.g. water content, concentrations of tannin, and nitrogen). The half-life calculated was 138, 216 and 257 days for A. germinans, L. racemosa and R. mangle, respectively. Considering that A. germinans has the greatest abundance in relation to R. mangle, and its kinetics of decomposition was faster, we suggest that the former species represents a major source of organic matter originated in mangroves of the estuary of Paraíba do Sul River.
Keywords: Avicennia, Laguncularia, Rhizophora, litter bags, mangroves, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
RESUMEN. La tasa de descomposición de las hojas senescentes de Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa y Rhizophora mangle en sus respectivas áreas de dominio se analizaron en los manglares del estuario del río Paraíba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, por el método de bolsas de resíduos. Los resultados indicaron que la tasa de descomposición de las hojas de L. racemosa (3,2 x 10-3) no difirió significativamente de A. germinans y R. mangle (P > 0,05), pero A. germinans (5,1 x 10-3) presentó una mayor tasa de descomposición que R. mangle (2,7 x 10-3) (P < 0,05). Según la literatura, estas diferencias se deben a las distintas características foliares de las especies (por ejemplo, el contenido de agua, ó la concentración de taninos y nitrógeno). La vida media calculada fue 138 días, 216 y 257 de A. germinans, L. racemosa y R. mangle, respectivamente. Considerando que A. germinans tiene la mayor prevalencia y abundancia en relación con R. mangle, y su cinética de descomposición fue más rápida, se sugiere que esta especie representa la principal fuente de materia orgánica originada en los manglares del estuario del río Paraíba do Sul, así como a las cadenas alimentarias en la región.
Palabras clave: Avicennia, Laguncularia, Rhizophora, bolsas de residuos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Mangroves are critical ecosystems due to their ecological roles, as well as to their economic and social importance (Field, 1995). They grow in tropical and subtropical coastal regions, mainly in sheltered areas such as estuaries, bays and lagoons, and are among the most productive ecosystems in the world (Alongi, 2009; Kathiresan & Bingham, 2001).
Quantification of litter production has been widely used to assess productivity of the mangroves, for its logistics and economic viability. The litter may represent up to one third of mangroves' primary production (Robertson et al., 1992). It may be re-mineralized along the decomposition process, thus accumulating on the sediment and/or exported to adjacent areas (Pool et al., 1975). Exportation of dissolved organic matter and nutrients is a key process for productivity of coastal waters, with clear effects on the food chain, this theme being the focus of several studies over the last three decades (Odum & Heald, 1975; Alongi, 1990; Dittmar et al., 2006; Rezende et al., 2007).
Decomposition is one of the most important stages in the cycling of nutrients and it is ruled, mainly by three groups of variables: the nature of the community in decomposition (diversity and abundance of macro and micro organisms), the characteristics of the organic material that determine its degradability (the substrate quality), and the physical-chemical conditions of the environment, which are controlled by the climate and by sediment characteristics of the site (Correia & Andrade, 1999; Chapin III et al., 2002).
Among the biotic factors, the diversity and abundance of bacteria and fungi have shown a high importance in the decomposition, especially for leaf tissues that have compounds that inhibit the action of predators and decomposers (Chapin III et al., 2002). These compounds include tannins among other secondary metabolic compounds, demonstrating the importance of the substrate's quality. Rhizophora mangle has leaves with higher tannin content rendering them more resistant to degradation compared to Laguncularia racemosa (Lacerda et al., 1986). Aquatic invertebrates, such as crustaceans, also play an important role, especially in the removal and reduction of leaf litter size, thus facilitating the decomposition process (Meentmeyer, 1978).
In general, climatic conditions, particularly temperature, are among the main abiotic factors explaining variations in rates of decomposition, with low temperatures directly affecting metabolism of decomposing organisms, and thus reducing their activity and the intensity of mass decay (Meentmeyer, 1978; Gholz et al., 2000). Other important abiotic factors that influence rates of decomposition in mangroves as well are tides and salinity (Chale, 1993; Aké-Castillo et al., 2006; Alvarez & Bécares, 2006). Periods of periodic flooding, which induce cycles of anoxia with subsequent inhibition of decomposition, promote the accumulation of organic matter in the sediment (Pool et al., 1975).
In Brazil, studies on decomposition of mangrove leaves are scarce and most of them are still in the form of dissertations and theses (Adaime, 1985; Panitz, 1986; Sessegolo & Lana, 1991; Menezes & Schaeffer-Novelli, 2000; Mendonça, 2006). Quantifying decomposition rates of the leaf tissues of mangrove species is important to understand the biogeochemistry of coastal environments, particularly considering the importance of this process for regional dynamics through the input of organic matter (Alongi, 1990; Dittmar et al., 2006). Considering that the mangrove species exhibit differences in the physical and chemicals characteristics of their leaves (e.g. tannin and nitrogen contents; Lacerda et al., 1986; Bernini et al., 2006) it is expected that rates of decomposition differ between species. Thus, this study aims to: (1) compare mass loss from leaves of Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle in their respective areas of dominance in the estuarine mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River, and (2) discuss on some experimental issues that may help in conducting future research on organic matter dynamics in mangroves.
The estuary mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River is the largest in the Northern Fluminense region, with approximately 800 ha. It presents two outlets, the Main Estuary and the Secondary Estuary (Fig. 1), constituted by communities of Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.f. and Rhizophora mangle L. (Bernini & Rezende, 2004). The estuary is under a microtidal regime with semidiurnal tides. Based on data from the Ponta do Ubu Terminal in Espírito Santo (20°44'S, 40°32'W), between 2005 and 2006 (study period), the average tide was 0.8 m, with a >0.2 and <1.2 m (DHN, 2006).
Figure 1. Study sites analyzed in the estuary mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Site 1: dominance of Laguncularia racemosa, Site 2: dominance of Rhizophora mangle, Site 3: dominance of Avicennia germinans.
Figura 1. Sitios de estudio analizados en los manglares del estuario del Río Paraíba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Sitio 1: dominancia de Laguncularia racemosa, Sitio 2: dominancia de Rhizophora mangle, Sitio 3: el dominancia de Avicennia germinans.
This study was conducted in the mangrove of Gargaú, located in the Secondary Estuary of the river, in the São Francisco do Itabapoana municipality (21°36'00''S, 41°03'00''W) (Fig. 1). Three sites were selected in areas with little human interference, i.e., absence of garbage, organic and inorganic sewage discharge, and landfills. Site 1, 2 and 3 were established in locations dominated by L. racemosa (100% relative density (number of trunks) and dominance (basal area)), R. mangle (75% of dominance and 97% relative density) and A. germinans (99% of dominance and 98% relative density), respectively (Bernini & Rezende, 2011) (Fig. 1). Sampling sites have similar physical characteristics of the sediments (sandy silt) and distances from the coast (between 2.0 and 2.5 km). These characteristics create a very similar physical-chemical environment in the three sites, where the salinity of interstitial waters is around two during the rainy season (Table 1), and the salinity of river waters around seven during the dry season (F. Brito, unpublished data).
Table 1. Characterization of depositional microenvironments of sites studied in the mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River estuary (Source: Bernini, 2008).
Tabla 1. Caracterización de los microambientes deposicionales de los sitios estudiados en el manglar del estuario del Río Paraíba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro (Fuente: Bernini, 2011).
Such homogeneity allowed the comparison of decomposition rates of the mangrove tree species while controlling for environmental factors. The only exception was for microtopography, with sites dominated by L. racemosa and R. mangle showing higher complexity than the site dominated by A. germinans. This latter site was selected, as no other appropriate area dominated by A. germinans was found.
Decomposition rates were estimated from substrate mass loss using the litter bags technique (Villela & Proctor, 2002). In March 2006, yellowish senescent leaves of R. mangle, L. racemosa and A. germinans were collected from 15 trees for each species. Trees were located within 10 x 10 m plots 5 m from the river. The same sites were sampled for vegetation structure by Bernini & Rezende, 2011.
In the laboratory, leaves were washed and weighed (wet weight) in portions of about 30 g, and then placed in nylon bags of 30 x 35 cm and mesh 1.0 mm in diameter (big enough to allow the entry of water and small organisms and for preventing the entry of large consumers, such as crabs, which usually eat leaves). After packaging, litter bags were wrapped in a nylon rope spaced at 30 cm, in a total of 33 bags for each species. The litter bags were returned to the field, where they were put in contact with sediment within the plots of original collection. In each plot, three litter bags were collected at predefined time intervals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 183 days. Sampling began in March 2006. As they were being collected, the bags were taken to the laboratory where the leaves were carefully washed with distilled water to remove mud. After washing, a new wet weight was measured and the leaves placed in individual paper envelopes and dried in an oven (80°C / ~72 h) until constant weight. After drying, the material was weighed. The same procedure was done with a sample of 100 g of leaves from each site, and this material used to control the percentage of water which afterwards is necessary to calculate the dry weight of leaves of each species.
The initial dry weight of leaves was estimated using a conversion factor calculated for each species. To calculate this factor, samples of leaves of each species were weighed (wet weight), dried at 80°C for about three days, and then re-weighed in order to obtain the dry weight. Dry weight of each sample was divided by its wet weight, resulting in an index. The initial dry weight estimate of leaves was obtained by, multiplying the weight of wet sheets placed in each litter bags by the conversion factor corresponding to the species.
The decomposition constant (k) was calculated from the exponential function previously tested and used in other studies (Panitz, 1986; Chale, 1993; Aké-Castillo et al., 2006). From the k value the half-life of leaves was calculated. As suggested by Olson (1963), the time required for 50% mass loss was calculated by using the following equation: t50 = ln2 k-1, where ln2 = 0.693. Thus: t50 = 0.693 k-1, where k is the decomposition constant and t50 is the time necessary for 50% of leaf material to be decomposed. The heterogeneity and homogeneity of variances were tested. The k and half-life values were subjected to a one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test for evaluating differences in decomposition rates between the three species. The values of mass loss among species and periods were compared using two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
The one-way ANOVA and Tukey test showed that the decomposition rate of leaves of L. racemosa (3.2 x 10-3) did not differ significantly from A. germinans and R. mangle (P > 0.05), but A. germinans (5.1 x 10-3) exhibited a higher decomposition rate than R. mangle (2.7 x 10 3) (P > 0.05). The half-life differed among species (P < 0.05) and was estimated at 138, 216 and 257 days for A. germinans, L. racemosa and R. mangle, respectively.
There were significant differences in the values of mass loss among periods (P < 0.05). The mass loss was rapid during the first 15 days of decomposition for the three species, followed by a slower loss in the remainder of the period (Fig. 2). A. germinans (Fig. 2a) had higher mass reduction in the first period (~40%), followed by L. racemosa (30%) (Fig. 2b) and R. mangle (~25%) (Fig. 2c). The three species exhibited similar behavior in relation to mass loss over time (P > 0.05), with the exception of A. germinans (Fig. 2a), which on the 30th day showed a mass gain, as did R. mangle on the 90th and the 183rd days (Fig. 2c). Laguncularia racemosa showed no increase in mass during the experiment (Figure 2b). The coefficients of variation for the mean and ranges were 10% and 2 to 24% for A. germinans, 4% and 1 to 15% for L. racemosa, and 11% and 5 to 28% for R. mangle.
Figure 2. Mean and standard deviation (n = 3) of the mass of leaf material remaining in the experiments of decomposition for three species in the estuary mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River, Rio de Janeiro.
Figura 2. Media y desviación estándar (n = 3) de la masa de material de las hojas que quedan en los experimentos de descomposición de tres especies en el manglar del estuario del Río Paraíba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro.
The pattern of decomposition observed in the estuarine mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River is similar to those observed in other studies, such as mangroves in Cananéia (SP), Florianópolis (SC), Tanzania and the Gulf of Mexico (Adaime, 1985; Panitz, 1986; Chale, 1993; Aké-Castillo et al., 2006; Fernando & Banner, 2009). The rapid weight loss observed for the three studied species in the first 15 days of decomposition is consistent with results from other studies as well (Chale, 1993; Ake-Castillo et al., 2006). It is probably related to the leaching of soluble organic compounds, which in turn explains why the most abundant form of organic carbon exported from mangroves is in dissolved fraction (Dittmar et al., 2006; Rezende et al., 2007). After 15 days, the decomposition of leaves of the three species occurred more slowly. In the second phase particles are populated by microorganisms and/or mechanical fragmentation is caused by tides, rain and crabs, leading to greater surface exposure to microorganisms and solubility of molecules with higher molecular weight. At this stage, molecules which are more resistant to bacterial activities may form humic substances with complex chemical structure (Chapin III et al., 2002).
In this study, the species differed with respect to the decay rate (k) and half-life with A. germinans exhibiting a greater value of k over R. mangle, whereas L. racemosa did not differ in relation to the other two species. The process of decomposition of leaves is dependent on the species composition of each forest and environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and the soil factors that regulate the kinetics. Moreover, the structure of leaves, their chemical components, and water content have a significant role in this process (Dutta & Agrawal, 2001; Chapin III et al., 2002; Romero et al., 2005). Avicennia germinans exhibits higher concentrations of nitrogen in relation to the other two species considered in this study (Bernini et al., 2006; Medina & Francisco, 1997) and this feature, together with the fact that the substrate remained flooded for relatively long periods, could explain the greater rates of decomposition of leaves of this species. Rhizophora mangle, in turn, displays greater succulence and higher tannin content (Lacerda et al., 1986), which makes the decomposition of its leaves slower. Similar results were reported for the species Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata (Fernando & Banner, 2009). In the estuarine mangrove of the Paraíba do Sul River, the values of dominance and relative density of species are respectively 53 and 35% for A. germinans, 28 and 57% for L. racemosa and 19 and 9% for R. mangle (Bernini & Rezende, 2011). Considering that A. germinans has higher prevalence and abundance in relation to R. mangle, and their kinetics of decomposition was faster, we suggest that this species represents the main source of organic matter from the mangrove to the estuary of the Paraíba do Sul River, as well as for the regional food chains.
The variation coefficients indicate that there was high heterogeneity for quantification of mass loss. This heterogeneity can be attributed to the difficulty of handling and cleaning the collected material. After 90 days of decomposition, the leaf materials (mainly A. germinans) were difficult to clean because the residues were incorporated to the sediment within the litter bags. The presence of sediment associated with the debris of leaves in later stages of decomposition leads to an increase in the percentage of remaining material, making the consideration of all values together difficult. This explains mass increases after reaching the half-life period (Fig. 2). Similar observations were reported by Castanho & Oliveira (2008) and Tam et al. (1998).
The percentage of remaining material of R. mangle and L. racemosa at the end of the experiment was higher than the value found by Adaime (1985), Ake-Castillo et al. (2006), Menezes & Schaeffer-Novelli (2000) and Panitz (1986). When comparing the percentage of remaining material of R. mangle with the decomposition studies carried out by Aké-Castillo et al. (2006), in Mexico, it is noted that over a period of 90 days, approximately 50% of the mass of Rhizophora had already decomposed, whereas in this study only 30% had decomposed. This result is attributed to the different environments in which the experiments were carried out, since in the study by Ake-Castillo et al. (2006) the litter bags were water submerged during the entire period of study, while in this study there were alternating periods of flooding.
Table 2 shows the coefficients of decomposition and half-life of the litter leaf fraction from different mangroves. For Avicennia, the k value found here was higher than that found for the genus, while the half life is within the range observed in other mangroves (Adaime, 1985; Panitz, 1986; Chale, 1993). For R. mangle and L. racemosa k values were higher and half life values lower when compared to other studies (Adaime, 1985; Panitz, 1986; Menezes & Schaeffer-Novelli, 2000; Aké-Castillo et al., 2006). Differences in decomposition rate among different studies can be attributed to the type of vegetation, the quality of the material, the sediment pH, aeration, microbial activity present in the sediment and/or the environmental conditions, especially temperature and humidity (Chapin III et al., 2002), since these are the most important factors controlling rates of decomposition.
Decomposition experiments carried out simultaneously along gradients of latitude and longitude for different types of ecosystems have shown that climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature) and the quality of litter have a major influence on decomposition. However, specific conditions of the ecosystems or study sites (e.g. sediment fertility, composition and abundance of fauna) may complicate the interpretation of results (Gholz et al., 2000; Cusack et al., 2009; Powers et al., 2009). Furthermore, it is important to note that comparisons between studies conducted in different areas are a difficult task, due to a lack of methodological and technical standardization.
Table 3 shows a comparison of methodologies used in some studies of decomposition in mangroves. This type of experiment can be carried out in laboratory or under natural conditions (water or sediment). The size of the mesh, the decomposition bag and the mass used vary widely between studies, and in some cases they are not reported. The mesh size is important, as it controls the access of the fauna that influence the decomposition (micro, meso or macrofauna) (Chapin III et al., 2002). The timescale and the collection interval also differ between studies. Such differences contribute to the mass losses, which in turn directly affect the final results of the experiments, as well as the ability of researchers to identify operating processes. Thus, it is highlighted here, after conducting a literature survey for this study, we must emphasize the need for studies comparing methodologies of experiments about decomposition in mangroves. Normalization in the minimum time scale of the experiment, intervals between collections, size and porosity of the bag of decomposition, mass and type of leaves used (e.g. preferably senescent and still on the tree), and analytical procedure in treatment of samples in the field and laboratory are key issues to be addressed.
Results indicate that while the kinetics of decomposition is similar to the studied species, A. germinans showed a more accelerated mass loss when compared with R. mangle, which, according descriptions in the literature, is related to the concentration of tannin and nitrogen. Although microenvironments are physical-chemically similar, differences in flooding regimes may have also contributed to this differentiation between species. The results of mass release obtained here are close to those described in the literature. The need for experimental standardization to enable better comparisons of results obtained in field experimental studies from different regions, is stressed.
We thanks for technicians from the Environmental Science Laboratory of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), for the help in the field activities. To UENF, for logistical support and provide laboratory facilities. This study is part of the National Institute of Science and Technology's studies about Material Transfer in the Continent-Ocean Interface (Proc. 573.601/2008-9) and CER receives financial support from FAPERJ (E-26/151.949/2004; E-26/102.697/2008, E-26/112.037-2008) and CNPq (Proc. 573.601/2008-9).
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Received: 10 August 2011; Accepted: 9 June 2012
Corresponding author: Carlos Eduardo Rezende (email@example.com)


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Exocomets Plunging into Star (Artist's Illustration)
This illustration shows several comets speeding across a vast protoplanetary disk of gas and dust and heading straight for the youthful, central star. These "kamikaze" comets will eventually plunge into the star and vaporize. The comets are too small to photograph, but their gaseous spectral "fingerprints" on the star's light were detected by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The gravitational influence of a suspected Jupiter-sized planet in the foreground may have catapulted the comets into the star.
This star, called HD 172555, represents the third extrasolar system where astronomers have detected doomed, wayward comets. The star resides 95 light-years from Earth.

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Recently, it happened at a typical family function, which, in my family, tends to involve a gaggle of children at my in-laws' house. As always, the littlest nieces and nephews hover around their mommy. Except for my 20-month-old, who hovers around her daddy.
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There I sit, in the recliner in the corner, answering questions about my job and looking a little useless while my husband, Gary, carries our daughter, Rose, around the room and over to the piano, where they attempt a version of "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." When he puts her down on the floor so he, too, can chat with the grown-ups for a bit, she wails in protest, pulling at his pants. My sister-in-law, her 2-year-old in her own lap, watches the whole scene unfold with amusement and says to her brother, "I can't believe how into you she is."
Another time, on our way to the zoo one sunny Saturday, Rose suddenly gets sick all over herself. We pull over. As Gary uses handfuls of wipes to clean our daughter's stained clothes on someone else's lawn, I begin to buckle the baby back into her car seat. She whimpers, looking past me for Daddy.
"It's OK," I say soothingly. "Mommy's here."
She stares at me blankly and bursts into tears.
"Da-Da," she insists, straining at the straps and pushing me to the side. "Da-Da! Da-Da! Da-Da!"
When we arrive anywhere, Gary is usually the one carrying Rose because, given a choice, she will twist and writhe in my arms until I hand her over. Me? I'm the one lagging behind with the diaper bag and the picture books and the rest of the supplies.
You know, all the things fathers usually lug.
Daddy's girl
I am no longer merely mildly annoyed by her obvious preference. I find it downright disturbing. So does my husband, enough so that when he and I return from a romantic weekend and pick up our daughter at my parents' place, Gary insists I walk into the house before him so I'm the one Rose sees first. I open the front door. Call her name. Brace myself.
She hears my voice and comes running from the living room. Then my daughter — for whom I gave up margaritas and caffeine and even pain relievers for nine months, the child I labored 13 hours to bring into the world, the daughter I sang to and continued to nurse even after her first teeth came in — runs right past me and straight into the arms of her daddy.
"Well," my mother, who has been observing the scene, pipes up. "She certainly is a daddy's girl!"
I am well aware of the advantages of this situation. At get-togethers, I am often the one conversing with the adults and nibbling hors d'oeuvres while Gary stacks blocks with Rose in the corner. I get to sit on the couch; Gary spends most of his time kneeling on the floor. I can go to the bathroom any time I want and stay in there as long as I want. Gary has to sneak out of the room after first distracting our daughter, however long that takes, then endure her guilt-inducing weeping once she realizes he is gone.
'Take it to management'
On good days, my husband and I joke about the situation. Lately, Gary has taken to calling me management, as in "Take it to management." This is what he tells Rose whenever she asks him for something. I'm the one, after all, who knows which — and how much — medicine she gets and when she shouldn't get any medication at all. I also have an uncanny ability to decode our daughter's various cries; I can distinguish hungry from bored, cranky from exhausted. I simply listen and tell Gary what to do, and if he does it, Rose immediately stops crying. The distressing part is that he has to be the one to do it. Our daughter may need me, but she wants her daddy.
I can't help but notice the looks of envy from other mothers — who wouldn't envy a 20-month-old's mother who can schmooze freely at parties or read the newspaper and enjoy a cup of coffee and a long, hot shower every morning? Some, though, particularly the stay-at-home moms who know I work full-time, seem unmistakably disapproving, giving smug "how sad" shakes of the head. I try hard to stay above it all.
I wish I could fully attribute my daughter's daddy proclivity to my crazy work schedule or to the fact that, during the first year of Rose's life (you know, that all-important bonding time), I continued to commute a total of three hours a day to and from the office, often leaving before she awoke and getting home at night as she was finishing her bath. My husband picked her up from day care every day and usually gave her all her bottles (they were bottles filled with my breast milk, but he fed her nonetheless). Why wouldn't she associate him with happiness, security and home?
Still, it has been hard not to feel rejected. In frequent Sunday-night tirades, I'd complain about having to work full-time and my killer commute. After a full day at the office and an hour and a half battling traffic on highway 99, I was generally not able to do much else but lie on the couch and watch Rose play. I fantasized about quitting.
Trumped by daddy
Before Rose arrived, I'd vowed my life would not change much when I had a baby. I planned to continue my job as a newspaper reporter. After all, I liked working and I'd always believed in teaching girls the importance of being financially independent. But after I got pregnant and felt the baby growing inside me, her kicks getting stronger by the week, I was increasingly conflicted. Visions of bright afternoons in the park with my baby, pointing out flowers and birds and butterflies, competed with daydreams of me as the ultimate career mom, rushing off to report a story, then rushing back to pick up my baby from day care and covering her with kisses as I whisked her home for bath, bottle, story time and bed. Much as I daydreamed, however, I really didn't have a choice: My job provided crucial income and even more crucial top-flight health insurance — a nonnegotiable because my husband's law firm did not. So back to work I went, crying every night on the way home from the office for the first three months. Then, as I was starting to adjust, Rose lost interest in nursing and entered the separation anxiety phase on cue. Except it was Da-Da she couldn't be without.
It's bad enough to get trumped by your nanny. It's worse getting trumped by your husband, particularly one who, until we became parents, had never nurtured so much as a houseplant. I was the one with all the baby–sitting experience. I was the one who was good with kids. I had the uterus, dammit! What the hell was going on?
It was tempting to conclude that my stressful work life was to blame, but much as I longed to believe that, when I watched my husband and daughter play, saw how he read to her and talked to her while she followed him around the house, it was hard not to think that their bond was more than the result of their spending a greater number of hours together.
What makes a good mother?
The fact is, my husband is all the things I always thought a good mother should be — all the things I used to be when I was a babysitter and not a real mom juggling a career and parenting and marriage. He's patient to a fault. Playful. Engaging. Genuinely thrilled to spend time with Rose, as if there's no place on earth he'd rather be. Case in point: Bath time with Daddy is an hour-long odyssey of singing and splashing, bubbles and soap paint that gets stuck in between the bathroom tiles. Bath time with Mommy is getting hair washed quickly, then getting out of the tub and ready for bed.
Indeed, people routinely ask me if Gary is a househusband. "No, he works full-time," I reply. In fact, he's the primary breadwinner. He's simply better at the caregiving thing than I am. People tell me I'm lucky. At one restaurant we frequent, after Gary had taken Rose to see the beer taps (she loves watching the beer pour into the glasses), the waitress stopped by our table for the third time to try to take our order. I was sitting alone — again. "Oh, I know what you're going through," she said sympathetically. "It's hard dating a single dad, isn't it?" It's hard dating a single dad?! Hell hath no fury like a woman whose maternal instincts are called into question.
So when I got pregnant with baby number two, when Rose was a little more than a year old and showing no signs of transferring her affections to me, I read Gary the riot act. This time, we would do things differently, I informed him. I'd quit my job. Or we'd move closer to my office to cut down on my commute. Or I'd go part-time. Whatever it took, I was determined to bond with my baby.
Gary remained calm during my diatribe. (So did Rose, for that matter, sleeping peacefully in her car seat.) "That's fine," he said. "If you need to do things differently, fine. But what I want to know is what, exactly, is so wrong with our daughter that you think you messed up?"
I had to think about that.
Prepared for everything but this
Thirteen nieces and nephews had led me to prepare for the worst: the tantrums, the fits, the sleepless nights, the bitter arguments and the widening distance between the new parents with each stage of the child's development, month by month, year by year. I'd braced myself for all that, but parenting Rose was not what I had expected it to be. Rose was a wonderful baby. People often told us that she was the happiest child they'd ever seen. Robustly healthy. Observant. Smart. Even when she was challenging, she was a joy, possibly because her father dealt with most of the challenges — dealt with them better than I ever could. Indeed, many psychologists say daughters who have strong, nurturing relationships with their father are more self-confident, end up with higher-paying jobs and have fewer eating disorders than girls who aren't close to their dad. That makes sense to me. Frankly, it didn't surprise me that Rose adored her father — I adore him, too. Why, then, should my daughter's clear preference for her father irk me so much?
"Because babies are supposed to love their mother more than anyone else," I blurted out, in answer to Gary's question that day in the car. That's when I realized how stupid I was being. Because, after all, shouldn't the focus of a good mother be the well-being of her child? Isn't that what all the books and studies and back-and-forthing between working moms and stay-at-home moms are allegedly about? Doesn't Rose's happiness — her health, her affectionate nature, her curiosity and the confident and cheerful way she goes about her day — prove that I've done a good job? Even if the best thing I've done as Rose's mother is choosing a good man to be her father?
If I'm being generous with myself, I also have to acknowledge that as parents, there are things I am good at and things Gary is good at. When we take our daughter to the pediatrician and she asks about Rose's eating and sleeping habits, her developmental milestones, Gary stares blankly while I provide answers. At inoculations, I'm the one who remains in the room, who holds Rose down and soothes her afterward. I am the one our daughter brings books to, because I am best at doing funny voices. And when Rose is throwing her 17th fit of the day and Gary, having dealt with the first 16, is at his I'm-taking-off-for-Vegas breaking point, I am the one who steps in and somehow manages to get everything under control.
Our job, together, is to be the best parents we can be, and the way we do this is by accepting that the other person does some things better, leaving society and stereotypes and how-to books on mothering out of it. Now that Rose is talking, she asks Gary repeatedly when I'm getting home from work. She won't go to sleep until we're all together again, under the same roof. She's a happy person — albeit happier still when Daddy is around. So what? So am I. Things are more fun when Daddy is around. Isn't that the way it's supposed to be?
Copyright © 2012 CondéNet. All rights reserved.


text: Hey for anyone that is interested I submitted a couple of photos in the contest for the Jeep TB. I submitted 2 ,one is on the first page titled (Jeep....On top of the world )and the 2nd is Jeep....goes where eagles soar. Hope they do something.They can be seen in the photo gallery of the contest site. I also placed 3 of these counting these 2 in caches Monday and only one has been picked up so far. So get out and get these TB's and check out the caches. And when the times comes for voting,well don't forget to vote for Haffy's......lol :)


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Carl Kwiatkowski - Business & Marketing Manager at West Suffolk Hospital NHS Trust - talks about how Ardentia's Activity Flow Analytics has enabled the trust to monitor market share and demonstrate an increase in local GP referrals.
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Using information to drive efficiency improvements in healthcare
May 21 2014
46 mins
Emma Maier, chair, deputy editor of HSJ
Do you sometimes feel swamped by too much information which is out of date? Then register now for an HSJ webinar looking at how selected, timely information can help organisations improve services to patients and improve efficiency.
Emma Maier, chair, deputy editor of HSJ
Lesley Neary, head of performance and intelligence at Liverpool Community Health Trust
Hywel Moore, senior consultant at public business intelligence software provider MicroStrategy
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Mar 26 2014
44 mins
Dame Gill Morgan, chair of the Foundation Trust Network
One year after the Health and Social Care Act became law what has been the impact of the new competition framework – and how can NHS organisations comply with the law while also pursuing their aim of providing high quality care in a way which is both affordable and sustainable?
This free webinar, in association with specialist healthcare law firm Hempsons, will look at the key issues for NHS and foundation trusts, and how they can comply with the law while still achieving their aims of creating sustainable and financially sound organisations.
It will look at options trusts could consider such as provider collaborations, hospital chains and mergers, as well as the need to comply with competition law and the provider licence competition conditions.
It will consider the role of commissioners in service and organisational change, and how organisations can best engage with Monitor and the Competition and Markets Authority, which will replace the OFT and Competition Commission on April 1. Viewers will get the chance to pose questions to our expert panel.
Register now to ensure you are up to date on this crucial topic for acute, community and mental health trusts.
Where: online
When: 26th March 2014
Duration: 45 minutes
Cost: FREE
On the panel
Chair Dame Gill Morgan, chair of the Foundation Trust Network
Ralph Coulbeck, director of strategy at the NHS Trust Development Authority
Anita Charlesworth, chief economist at the Nuffield Trust
Christian Dingwall, partner and head of corporate commercial at Hempsons
This webinar will be essential viewing for chief executives and senior managers: make sure you register now.
We look forward to welcoming you to HSJ TV.
Can't make it at this time? Don't worry, you can catch up on demand after the event by registering with HSJ TV.
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How are the new procurement regulations affecting the NHS?
Feb 5 2014
47 mins
Chair: Matt Tee, chief operating officer of the NHS Confederation
HSJ is holding a free webinar on Wednesday February 5 at 12.30pm when an expert panel will discuss what the controversial section 75 procurement regulations have meant for the NHS and its providers.
This webinar, sponsored by law firm DWF, will consider whether commissioners' behaviours have changed since the regulations came into force in April, and how providers from both the NHS and independent sector can respond. It will also look at other aspects of competition within the NHS and the changing landscape these developments present for providers and also for commissioners.
When: Wednesday February 5, 12.30pm
Duration: 45 minutes
Cost: FREE
Register now to watch this free webinar, in association with DWF.
On the panel
Chair: Matt Tee, chief operating officer of the NHS Confederation
Jan Filochowski, former chief executive of the Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust and West Hertfordshire Hospitals Trust
Michael Boyd, head of healthcare at DWF
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Smarter Decisions, Better Care: Can clinical decision support technology improve
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49 mins
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Clinical decision support (CDS) is now recognised as a key element of health informatics strategy in both acute and primary care, refocusing hospital IT from being a mere replacement for paper processes, to point-of-care systems that can support clinicians to improve patient safety.
HSJ invites you to view and participate in a free webinar, run in association with UpToDate, and find out how this easily implimented technology can improve patient safety, resulting in fewer prescribing errors, reduced diagnostic testing, reduced stays and improved hospital quality.
Where: Your computer
When: Wednesday December 10th, 12.00pm
Duration: 45 minutes
Ensure you are up to speed with the latest developments.
Featured Speakers:
Dr Rakesh Patel
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Clinical Director for Acute Medicine
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Essential viewing for Medical Directors, IT Directors, Clinical Directors, Directors of Nursing, NHS Informatics Managers and Patient Safety Managers serious about improving patient safety through technology, make sure you register to watch this webinar today.
We look forward to welcoming you to HSJ TV.
Yours sincerely,
Alastair McLellan
Health Service Journal
Can't make it this time? Don't worry, you can catch up on demand by registering at www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-tv
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While a doctor or researcher might consider the best drug to be one which offers a 100 per cent certainty of cure, can the same be said of the patient? With Patient Recorded Outcome Measures (PROMs) and patient experience ever more important ways of measuring the quality of care, it could be argued that pharmaceutical firms will need to increasingly focus on drugs which improve the patient's life rather while attempting to cure their condition.
This HSJ webinar, run in association with Norgine, will explore the complex issue of balancing clinical efficacy of treatments with quality of life for patients. They are issues which might be considered particularly pertinent when it comes to cancer treatments. Researchers continue to search for a cure, but were that cure to involve unpleasant side effects – as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often currently do – would patients want it? Would they prefer a treatment which offered an 80 per cent certainty of cure but involved no side effects at all?
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• How can we ensure that patients are sufficiently involved in the development of medications,
and in health research and development more generally?
• Will Academic Health Science Centres and Networks make a difference in this area?
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Making parity of esteem a reality
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HSJ has pleasure in inviting you to join a free webinar, sponsored by Partnerships in Care, to explore how to make parity of esteem for mental and physical healthcare a reality.
Where: Your computer
When: Tuesday November 19th, 12.30pm to 1.15pm
Cost: Free
The first ever NHS Mandate, published in November 2012, stated that there should be "parity of esteem" between physical and mental healthcare. NHS England and clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) are now formally charged with eliminating the longstanding inequalities between physical and mental healthcare.
It will not be a straightforward task. Those with a mental health condition can currently expect to live for a significantly shorter period than average. Formal diagnosis and treatment is often difficult to secure and, where treatment is provided, it is not always that which the evidence suggests would be most effective.
This HSJ webinar, run in association with Partnerships in Care, will explore the longstanding challenges and the possible solutions. A leading panel will discuss issues including:
• How can true parity of esteem for mental health be achieved?
• What are the barriers to closing the esteem gap, where everyone who needs it, has timely access to evidence based mental health services?
• What do provider trusts, community trusts, CCGs and the third sector need to do to create parity of esteem between mental and physical healthcare?
• To what extent is this truly being treated as a priority across the NHS?
On the panel:
•Professor Sue Bailey, president, Royal College of Psychiatrists
•Andy Bell, deputy chief executive, Centre for Mental Health
•Dr Quazi Haque, medical director, Partnerships in Care
•Stephen Dalton, Chief Executve, Mental Health Network
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Register now – we would be delighted if you could join us.
Yours sincerely
Alastair McLellan
Editor, Health Service Journal
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60 mins
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The webinar can be viewed by registered users of the HSJ website by visiting www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-tv. Once it has been streamed, it will be archived and available on the site for a year.
Register now - we would be delighted if you could join us.
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Where: your computer
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Time: 12.30 to 1.15pm
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The webinar can be viewed by registered users of the HSJ website by visiting www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-tv. Once it has been streamed, it will be archived and available on the site for a year.
Register now - we would be delighted if you could join us.
Yours sincerely
Alastair McLellan Editor Health Service Journal
Can't make it this time? Don't worry, you can catch up on demand by registering at www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-tv
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Patient Safety: The role and impact of clinical decision support
Jun 12 2013
51 mins
Daloni Carlisle, Dr Mike Fisher, Dr John Halamka, Dr Denise Basow
HSJ invites you to register to view and participate in a free webinar to explore the patient safety benefits of clinical decision support
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This HSJ webinar, sponsored by UpToDate, brings together an international panel of medical experts to offer their perspectives and answer your questions.
Key elements will include:
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•What is the demand from clinicians for CDS?
•Is there a one-size-fits-all solution available?
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Speakers include:
Dr Mike Fisher
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Dr John Halamka
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Boston, Massachusetts
Dr Denise Basow
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Register now - we would be delighted if you could join us.
Yours sincerely
Alastair McLellan Editor Health Service Journal
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Dr Anthony Brzezicki, Dr Joseph Mills
Right patient, right treatment, right price: the challenges of introducing new medicines to the NHS
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With clinical needs having to be balanced with ever-tighter budgets - and the responsibility for commissioning moving to clinical leads at CCGs - those conversations are liable to become even more complex in the next 12 months.
This HSJ webinar, organised and funded by AstraZeneca, will bring together Dr Anthony Brzezicki, GP and chair of Croydon clinical commissioning group and Dr Joseph Mills, Consultant Cardiologist, Liverpool, to consider these challenging issues. The debate will draw on the specific example of ticagrelor, approved by the European Commission in late 2010 and recommended by NICE a year later, with varied use across the UK.
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*When should planning for a new medicine begin?
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*Have the changes in NHS commissioning had an impact on the planning for new medicines?
*How is the commissioning of primary and secondary preventative strategies balanced?
*How can cost effectiveness be balanced with clinical need?
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44 mins
Daloni Carlisle
HSJ invites you to watch an exclusive webinar, in association with UpToDate, highlighting the benefits of using CDS (Clinical Decision Support) technology in medical training, CME and revalidation for Trusts.
The webinar will examine research findings and offer practical recommendations for maximizing the educational and training benefits of CDS in hospitals.
Chaired by HSJ, panelists include Sarah Sutton, Clinical Librarian, University Hospital of Leicester and CDS Experts from UpToDate
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Published research which proves CDS plays an important role in training and continuing education
Recommendations for ensuring CDS is used in training and education by trainees and clinicians
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust case study on how clinicians have used UpToDate for pain-free CPD
Essential viewing for Clinical Directors, Medical Directors, Medical Librarians, Training and Education Managers and Healthcare IT Managers, make sure you register to watch it today.
We look forward to welcoming you to HSJ TV.
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Challenges & benefits of OFSTED-style ratings for health & social care providers
Feb 27 2013
49 mins
Chaired by Alastair McLellan, panellists include Dr Jennifer Dixon, Jeremy Taylor, Sandie Keene and Dr Roland Valori
HSJ invites you to participate in an interactive webcast on the challenges and benefits of introducing OFSTED-style ratings to the NHS.
(Please be aware that for some viewers time may show up as 4.30am, this is an issue we are working on, THE CORRECT TIME IS 12.30PM)
The Nuffield Trust has been commissioned by the Secretary of State for Health to consider whether aggregate ratings of provider performance should be used in health and social care. This webinar will discuss emerging evidence, challenges/benefits and diverse views from heath, social care and beyond around introducing aggregated ratings to the NHS and social care. The final Nuffield report will be presented to the Secretary of State in March 2013.
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50 mins
Alastair Mclellan, Dr Rhidian Bramley, Dr Denise Basow, John Addison
Achieving better care at lower cost is the 'sweet spot' for managers trying to deliver their QIPP programmes.
But doing this requires the active involvement of clinicians and an appreciation of some of the challenges they face in their working lives.
With the ever-growing volume of medical research and guidance it can be hard for even the most senior doctors to stay on top of their specialism and take every possible factor into account. And for juniors it can be more than a little daunting - especially when senior staff are thin on the ground, such as at night.
Offering them support in providing appropriate and safe care is a priority for many trusts - and software designed to help them in deciding on diagnosis and best treatment is one way to do it.
There is a growing body of evidence that this can reduce unnecessary tests, speed up diagnosis and treatment, and can avoid harm to patients.
This free HSJ webinar will look at the impact clinical decision support software can have in hospitals, featuring real-world examples and cases
It will cover:
How decision support software can support trusts in delivering some of their QIPP goals through better and more timely care
The evidence case for using clinical decision support software in clinical practice and how it can contribute to reducing unnecessary diagnostic tests, help clinicians deliver the right care, first time, and lead to reduced lengths of stay
The role it can play in helping doctors – especially juniors - 'on the ground'
How doctors in the North West have seen positive outcomes from using support software
How to build a business case for investment in clinical support software
Who should watch?
Clinical and Medical Directors
Chief Executives
Finance Directors
Managers with responsibility for QIPP programmes
Healthcare IT Managers
This webinar will only be available to registered HSJ TV users through the HSJTV stream, so make sure you register today.
Watch now
The challenges of transferring innovation and best practice in the NHS
Nov 29 2012
45 mins
John Saxby, Dr Linda Magee, Elaine Darbyshire, Trevor Dale
HSJ invites you to view an exclusive webinar on innovation and knowledge sharing in the NHS, supported by NHS North West.
There is never a shortage of ideas on how to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the NHS. Each year, individuals from both inside and outside the service come up with ways that healthcare providers could provide better care. Some of those ideas will get implemented in one department or ward. A few may get introduced throughout a hospital or trust. Very few will spread any further.
Why is innovation and best practice slow to spread in the NHS? How can knowledge gained in one department be shared with another, and then with other departments in other organisations? Might it then be possible to share knowledge with colleagues in other countries?
This HSJ webinar, supported by NHS North West, will bring together an expert panel drawn from both industry and healthcare to debate these issues.
Panelists include John Saxby, Chief Executive, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Dr Linda Magee, Chief Operating Officer, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Elaine Darbyshire, Director of Strategic Communications for NHS North of England and Trevor Dale, Managing Director of Attrainability
Key questions for discussion will include:
Why does the NHS struggle to spread knowledge, innovation and good practice?
How can healthcare trusts more effectively share their knowledge with colleagues in other organisations?
What impact will 'Innovation, health and wealth' have on the spread of knowledge in the NHS?
What can the NHS learn from industry about innovation and knowledge sharing?
What are the potential commercial benefits of more effective knowledge sharing within the NHS and beyond?
Watch now
Transforming Hospitals
Oct 24 2012
45 mins
Pam Garside, Sue James, Ian Renwick, Jennifer Dixon, and John Drew.
HSJ invites you to view an exclusive webinar, sponsored by McKinsey Hospital Institute, looking at how hospitals will need to change over the next few years.
Chaired by Pam Garside, panellists include Sue James, Chief Executive of Derby Hospitals Foundation Trust, Ian Renwick, Chief Executive of Gateshead Health Foundation Trust, Jennifer Dixon, Director of the Nuffield Trust and John Drew, Partner at the McKinsey Hospital Institute.
No one in the health service expects hospitals to look the same in 10 years time. The challenges of improving productivity and quality, while also saving money, would be enough to prompt massive change in the sector.
But the demands of commissioners who want to see more services moved closer to home and growing evidence to back centralisation of some services mean that this change is likely to be even more significant.
This HSJ webinar will look at how some hospital trusts have started to transform themselves to cope with this, and ask what else needs to be done. It will be essential viewing for chief executives and board members who are keen to learn from the experiences of other trusts.
Some of the key elements of the webinar will include:
Hearing from trusts which have started to transform the way they deliver services
Examining some of the major challenges hospitals will face
Getting the views of experts on what needs to be done and where the good examples are.
Watch now
Adopting Clinical Decision Support Systems UK experience Demonstrates
Jun 13 2012
54 mins
Dr Peter Bonis, Jan ten Sythoff, Dr Peter William, Jane Surtees.
HSJ invites you to view and participate in an exclusive webinar on the growing importance of clinical decision support systems in association with UpToDate.
Quality, cost and the rise in long term conditions are forcing all healthcare providers around the world to reassess how services can be delivered more efficiently and effectively. Most have concluded that whilst technology is not the only answer, it is invariably part of the solution.
One key area is becoming increasingly clear – clinical support systems. Whilst healthcare provision has always striven to deliver the right care at the right time, it is now more crucial than ever that the clinical decision making process results in the best outcome for the patient in the shortest possible timescale.
In addition, recent changes to the regulatory environment (such as non-payment for patient readmission within 30 days of treatment) look set to increase the pressure even further.
Some of the key questions our webinar will explore include:
- The economic impact of adopting clinical decision support systems.
-Can clinical decision support systems contribute to reduced complications, length of stay and re-admission rates?
-How can IT-enabled clinical support systems work to improve patient care?
-Who is currently using clinical decision support systems and how are they measuring outcomes?
-In what ways can the health service use technology to transform patient management?
-Do clinical decision support systems really change clinical decision-making?
Watch now
Innovations in Healthcare
Apr 23 2012
60 mins
Alastair McLellan, editor, Health Service Journal
HSJ invites you to view and participate in an exclusive "Innovations in Healthcare" webinar, in association with the Healthcare Advisory Forum and sponsored by Oracle.
Quality, cost and the rise in long term conditions are forcing all health and care providers around the world to reassess how services can be delivered more efficiently and to consistently higher standards. Most have concluded that whilst technology is not the only answer, it is invariably part of the solution.
The NHS faces additional cost pressures – the "Nicholson Challenge" to find £20bn of savings over the next four years. Many believe this can be achieved only by "reimagining the front door" to healthcare and enabling patient involvement and decision-making.
Some of the key questions our debate will explore include:
•The existing system – where are we now, how did we get here, and what are the challenges as we move forwards?
•Can technology contribute to the greater integration of healthcare services? What are the potential gains and challenges?
•How can IT-enabled care support patient empowerment and allow patients to take control of their own care?
• How are assistive technologies being used at the moment and what would be the best-case scenario?
• In what ways can the health service use technology to transform the management of long-term conditions?
• What are the budget implications to all of this? Can innovation be ignored as a game changer?
Alastair McLellan – Editor - Health Service Journal
Jim Easton – Director of Improvement – Department of Health
Charles Alessi – GP and Chair – National Association of Primary Care
Rosemary Cook – Director – Queens Nursing Institute
Watch now
Effective workforce planning
Mar 28 2012
45 mins
Mandie Sunderland, Jonathan Parsons, Paul Scandrett, Ruth Warden
Healthcare organisations are entering a new era where financial pressures and new operational models need to be balanced with the need to provide quality care.
How can organisations best manage as the changes outlined in the Health Bill come into force and they need to protect services whilst striving to meet its challenging targets?
Making efficient use of existing resources - whether those are staff or expensive facilities and equipment - will be crucial for organisations, whether NHS or independent, in this new, more commercial environment which will demand a flexible response to an unpredictable future.
Effective use of the workforce can significantly help all healthcare organisations to rise to the challenge; to deliver improved productivity and higher quality services in an increasingly competitive environment.
Planning how you deploy your workforce - and making certain you have staff with the right skills - is essential to meet the financial challenges within the healthcare sector and deliver patient centred care.
Workforce planning has traditionally been seen as the role of human resources; however this is changing. Understanding the importance of planning the workforce to deliver service for today's requirements and for the future is essential whether you are in a service, clinical, financial or planning role.
Training your workforce for the future – how best to manage your resources whilst training budgets are being sliced and deal with the restrictions on the length of the working week
This webinar will look at how you can plan and deploy the workforce you need.
Watch now
Social enterprise: a viable option for service delivery
Nov 21 2011
47 mins
Robin Latchem - LGC Deputy Editor
Social enterprise: a viable option for service delivery
Watch now
Pathology services online question and answer session
Nov 17 2011
45 mins
Pathology services are set to transform over the next few years - but what shape will they take and what practical problems will organisations encounter?
A recent HSJ round table debate delved into the maelstrom of issues organisations will face as they try to bring about change. These included
getting the right workforce in place to deliver the services needed
how to retain the crucial input of pathologists into clinical care, while reducing costs through economics of scale for the basic processing tasks
the challenges of providing pathology services for different customers with different needs such as GPs and acute trusts
working with commercial partners so that everyone benefits
how quality can be defined, measured and ensured.
Now an HSJ online question and answer sessions, in association with Roche Diagnostics, will enable you to put your questions to a panel of experts.
Watch now
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Title: Activity Flow Analytics from Ardentia
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Feb 1 2011 12:00 pm
Presented by: Carl Kwiatkowski - Business & Marketing Manager at West Suffolk Hospital NHS Trust
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Yoga with Elaine
March 30 @ 6:30 am - 7:30 am EDT
An event every week that begins at 10:30 am on Saturday, repeating indefinitely
An event every week that begins at 11:30 am on Saturday, repeating indefinitely
An event every week that begins at 11:00 am on Thursday, repeating indefinitely
Thursdays: 12:45
Saturdays: 10:30 mat class, 11:30 all levels
Elaine's classes are geared towards increasing balance and strength with an emphasis on functional movement, with the realization that not everyone's functional movement may not be the same. She works with each person's abilities and emphasize "it is a yoga practice….not yoga perfect." This is a slower paced class with exercises taking place in the seated position.
Please check with the instructor for holiday schedule closings.
Related Events
Classes are for registered clients of the MS Center of SWFL. If you are interested in our services for southwest Florida residents with MS, contact the center at (239) 435-1901.
Thanks to Modern Tribe for donating the software upgrade for this calendar!


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Fire at Japanese hospital kills 10, injures 8
TOKYO (AP) — A fire broke out at a hospital in southern Japan early Friday, killing 10 people, the police and fire department said.
Fukuoka prefectural police said another eight people were injured in the fire at an orthopedic hospital that apparently started while patients were sleeping. Police said eight of the dead were patients, and the remaining two were hospital staff.
Several of those injured were in serious condition, said Akiharu Otsu, a Fukuoka city fire department official. The fire has been extinguished after burning most of the building, Otsu said.
Police said the fire started from the ground floor of the four-story building, but the cause was still under investigation.
There was no sign of initial fire extinguishing effort at the hospital and fire proof doors on the second and third floors that were not properly used, said an unidentified fire department official said in a televised news conference on NHK public television.


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With what could be an endless series of fiscal crises facing the federal government over the next few months, now is a good time to check where Congress stands in its deficit-reduction efforts. After two years, here�s the scorecard: middle-class families and the military, $1.5 trillion in budget cuts and reduced public investments over 10 years; wealthy households, $620 billion in fairer taxes; corporate America, nothing.
This means for every $2.50 in spending cuts, only $1 in new revenue has been raised. That is not a balanced and responsible plan. Before working families are asked to sacrifice even more - such as in cuts to Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid - the richest 2 percent must even up the score and corporations have to get in the game.
Despite what Republicans are demanding, the fiscal-cliff deal should not be the final word on taxes. Left unreformed by the last-minute, New Year�s Day �fiscal cliff� compromise were at least a trillion dollars in tax loopholes and special breaks wealthy individuals and big corporations use to whittle down their tax burden below that of many middle-class families - sometimes all the way down to zero.
The modest revenue increase contained in the fiscal-cliff deal was really only a down payment on true tax fairness � and to raise the money needed to reduce the deficit and invest in the economy. Over the next several months, we face a trifecta of fiscal issues even more challenging than the fiscal cliff: the impending $1 trillion in across-the-board spending cuts that kick in on March 1; the need to fund government operations when temporary federal spending authority expires; and the need to increase the government�s ability to borrow money to pay its bills.
Averting disaster without additional revenue will be no more possible next time than it was last time. Luckily, there are many promising ways to raise that revenue. Despite winning reelection pledging to raise tax rates on America�s wealthiest 2 percent, President Obama in the end agreed to raise rates on a mere 0.7 percent of the population, according to the Tax Policy Center.
An unfulfilled Obama priority is to make tax deductions fairer by reducing their value for wealthy taxpayers. For example, a hedge fund manager who claims a mortgage interest deduction gets a housing subsidy of 40 cents on the dollar for his million-dollar penthouse, but a typical middle-class person gets a subsidy of 15 or 28 cents for their house in the suburbs, depending on their tax bracket. Under Obama�s proposal, the subsidy would be capped at 28 cents on the dollar � affecting just the richest 2 percent. Capping the value of deductions at 28 percent would raise $520 billion over 10 years, according to the Joint Tax Committee.
Completely untapped by the fiscal cliff deal were hundreds of billions of dollars readily available from corporate tax reform. The share of federal revenue coming from corporations has fallen 75 percent during the past 60 years, according to the federal government. In 2011, at a time of record corporate profits, the average income tax rate paid by American firms fell to a mere 12 percent. Household corporate names like General Electric, Verizon and Wells Fargo have in recent, profitable years used fancy accounting tricks to pay zero in taxes, Citizens for Tax Justice found.
Corporations need to start paying their fair share starting with closing loopholes and eliminating tax-avoidance schemes using overseas tax havens, estimated to cost at least $100 billion a year in lost revenue, according to a U.S. Senate subcommittee. In a double insult to the American people, these same tax-avoidance schemes result in thousands of American jobs being off-shored to foreign countries.
A tiny sales tax on Wall Street trades � three pennies on each $100 � would raise another $350 billion while curbing dangerous financial gambling.
Budgets are about choices. The choice now is: Who pays? Who pays to bring down our deficits from this point on: the middle class and low-income Americans, who are sacrificing a lot; the wealthy, who are now contributing a modest additional amount given their resources; or profitable, multinational corporations that have not been asked to contribute a penny more?
Should we end tax subsidies for oil and gas companies, or make seniors pay more for Medicare? Should we ask billionaires to pay at least the same tax rates as bus drivers, or kick kids off of Head Start? Should we keep giving tax breaks to multinational corporations that ship jobs overseas, or invest in rebuilding roads and bridges to create jobs at home and make our economy more productive?
Each new fiscal deadline gives us a new chance to answer these basic questions. Let�s make the right choices.
Frank Clemente leads Americans for Tax Fairness, a coalition of more than 275 organizations.


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SOUTH LAKE TAHOE — Authorities say a 14-year-old boy whose body was found after he went missing during a hunting trip in California's northern Sierra Nevada froze to death.
The Record of Stockton reports (http://bit.ly/T1CDkv) that those are the initial results of an autopsy on Taylor Dustin released on Monday by the Calaveras County Coroner.
Search crews discovered Dustin's body on Oct. 23 in a wilderness area bordering the Eldorado and Stanislaus National Forests.
He and his uncle, 40-year-old Devin Smith, were apparently on a hunting trip about 22 miles south of Lake Tahoe when they got lost and the weather turned inclement.
The area received about 18 inches of snow over two days.
Smith survived, and was found hours before Dustin suffering from severe hypothermia.
Information from: The Record, http://www.recordnet.com/


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something cool.
April 04, 2012
74 comments:
Shared on Facebook!ReplyDelete
I tweeted the video! https://twitter.com/#!/DomesticallyUn/status/187525576830103552ReplyDelete
Shared on Facebook.ReplyDelete
facebook'd it too!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 4, 2012 at 8:46 AM
how exciting?! :)ReplyDelete
Tweeted about it. So cute!ReplyDelete
shared on Facebook :)ReplyDelete
shared on Facebook :)ReplyDelete
shared the on my blog via twitter feed!ReplyDelete
Love it! Great job Chris!ReplyDelete
Shared on facebook!!! :)ReplyDelete
Posted the video on facebook too (the first one I posted this post)ReplyDelete
I wonder if I can talk my husband into letting me go to the conference. Maybe.ReplyDelete
Love the song & the video rocks:)ReplyDelete
Tweeted about it!ReplyDelete
I just tweeted about it!!!! :) SO excited!!ReplyDelete
thats awesome! sharing it on FB !!!!ReplyDelete
Shared on facebook :)ReplyDelete
Shared the video on my FB page here: http://www.facebook.com/BagatelleDesignsReplyDelete
Just tweeted about this here :https://twitter.com/#!/BagatelleDesign/status/187550603113807872ReplyDelete
Tim is awesome!ReplyDelete
I tweeted about it! :) https://twitter.com/#!/C_LiveLaughL0ve/status/187551704739364864ReplyDelete
Shared the video on Facebook! I don't have tv, (gasp!), so I've never heard of Tim. Thanks for sharing, his music is great and he's adorable : )ReplyDelete
The video is great btw! You must be so proud of your talented husband.ReplyDelete
I shared the video on FB!ReplyDelete
I shared this blog post on FB!ReplyDelete
I tweeted this post!ReplyDelete
such a cute video!!!ReplyDelete
love his voice too :)
Tweeted it!ReplyDelete
I shared on FBReplyDelete
Shared on Google+ReplyDelete
Just tweeted about it - thanks for sharing the video! :)ReplyDelete
Tim here...you all are so awesome! Thanks for sharing the video and supporting such a great family. Thanks Casey, so excited to perform at the conference!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 4, 2012 at 11:59 AM
Shared on Facebook. :) Absolutely LOVE Tim, this song, and video!ReplyDelete
Tweeting this for you :)ReplyDelete
I google+ this too :)ReplyDelete
shared on twitter!ReplyDelete
Post is shared over at Me+Life+Coffee!!!! How exciting!! xoxoReplyDelete
Also shared on Google+ :) xoxoReplyDelete
Amazing video!ReplyDelete
I tweeted:
I also shared on Facebook:ReplyDelete
tweet, tweet!ReplyDelete
shared on twitter!ReplyDelete
loved his segments with Kidd Kraddick a couple months ago.ReplyDelete
I blogged this beautiful video!! http://www.blog.modmemento.com/2012/04/happy-song.htmlReplyDelete
I posted on my FB page! https://www.facebook.com/ModMementoReplyDelete
I tweeted!ReplyDelete
wow! I think your hubby and tim are BOTH going somewhere, AMAZING video!ReplyDelete
Tweeted it here:ReplyDelete
Your hubby is a rockstar!! Go Wiegand family :)
He's great!!! loved the song and video work! :) posted it on twitter. @joyfuljournalReplyDelete
Along Abbey Road
Custom Blog Design Giveaway!
Posted on Facebook!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 4, 2012 at 6:37 PM
Ok so I totally loved this song, and the video was perfection! Ummm, Spike Jonze who? There's a new kid in town with the most amazing video talents.ReplyDelete
I can't wait until you get a call from Hollywood, dude.
Ya'll take care!
- AnonymousApril 4, 2012 at 8:12 PM
TWEETED IT! i can't wait for the conference! I am so super duper crazy excited :-)!ReplyDelete
LOVE that video! He sounds like, Tyrone Wells, a friend of mine. Thanks for sharing. I was happy to do the same on my fb.ReplyDelete
and on twitter :)ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 4, 2012 at 8:44 PM
TWEETED it!!! Thanks for sharing the video with us. That was so fun to watch.ReplyDelete
TWEETED! :-) Amazing as usual! :-)ReplyDelete
shared the post link on facebook!ReplyDelete
shared the video link on facebook! :)ReplyDelete
I shared this blog post on my personal page (Maria-Isabel Gridley) And tagged you in it!ReplyDelete
I shared this video on my fan page (agape love designs) and tagged you in it!ReplyDelete
I posted it on https://www.facebook.com/EclecticLaundryReplyDelete
i tweeted about it! @beforeverlovelyReplyDelete
(April 5th at like 6pm Eastern Time). :) I can't figure out how to link it up here, because my brain is tired right now.
ahhh!!! Timmy!! A TCU Alum! :) How neat!! Love the pics Casey!!ReplyDelete
I shared on twitter. @amodernhippieReplyDelete
Shared on FB--Andrea Harris MerriganReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 9, 2012 at 12:23 PM
Tweeted the link to the video - @lilylovefanclubReplyDelete
Love it, Chris did a great job! Shared on Twitter via @julieannart.ReplyDelete
xo JA
- AnonymousApril 9, 2012 at 8:35 PM
Such a cute song! Shared it on my blog post today!ReplyDelete


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Nation & World
Israel attacks Syrian bases after four soldiers wounded
Israeli aircraft struck Syrian army positions early Wednesday after an explosion wounded four Israeli soldiers on the Golan Heights frontier, the military said, in the most serious flareup of violence there since the start of Syria's 3-year-old civil war.
A Syrian army announcement said one person was killed and seven wounded in the Israeli air attacks on three sites on the outskirts of the city of Quneitra, near Israeli lines on the Golan Heights.
Israel captured the strategic plateau from Syria in the 1967 Middle East War. After decades of calm along the frontier, the fighting in Syria occasionally has spilled over the cease-fire line, with shells and small arms fire hitting the Israeli-held Golan, sometimes drawing Israeli artillery or anti-tank rockets in response.
On Tuesday, an explosive device detonated near an Israeli patrol along the frontier near the Druze village of Majdal Shams in the Israeli-held Golan, wounding four soldiers, one seriously. The Israeli army said it initially responded with artillery fire at Syrian military positions.
Early Wednesday, Israeli aircraft targeted "several Syrian army positions which aided and abetted the attack," including a training facility, military headquarters and artillery batteries, an Israeli army statement said.
Israeli analysts said that the attack on the Israeli patrol came from an area controlled by Syrian government forces and may have been the work of a pro-government militia or Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Lebanese group that has sent fighters to Syria to support the forces of President Bashar Assad.
The Israeli army said that Friday another explosive device was set off against soldiers on the Golan Heights frontier with Lebanon, drawing retaliatory fire toward a Hezbollah target.
On March 5, a bombing attempt was foiled when troops fired at "two Hezbollah-affiliated terrorists" who were identified trying to plant an explosive device along the frontier with Syria in the northern Golan Heights, the army said.
Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Yaalon said after Wednesday's airstrikes that "we consider the Assad regime responsible for what happens from its territory, and if it continues to cooperate with terrorist elements seeking to strike Israel, we will continue exacting a heavy price from it."
The Israeli statements did not name a group as responsible for Tuesday's bombing.
"It appears to be something linked to the regime," said Eyal Zisser, an expert on Syria at Tel Aviv University. "There are all kinds of forces of volunteers, supporters. The rebels have no interest in this, unless there are extreme groups who want to heat up the border."
The Syrian army said the Israeli airstrikes were an attempt to "divert attention from the successive victories" of its troops against rebel forces and were aimed at providing the rebels with "moral support."
"Such desperate attempts at escalation," the statement added, "would jeopardize the region's security and stability and make it vulnerable to all options."
Israeli officials have said they do not wish to intervene in the fighting in Syria, but previous Israeli airstrikes there have hit targets and convoys said to have contained advanced missiles suspected of being destined for Hezbollah in Lebanon. Israeli officials have warned that they would act to stop the transfer of arms, including chemical weapons, from Syria to militant groups.


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Exotica Music
Exotica music is a form of tropical-jazz, pioneered in the 1950s to sound exotic, atmospheric, and occasionally savage, but still wonderfully listenable to a westerner's ear.
Exotica is the perfect music to complement a home tiki bar. It ranges from mellow to quite-swinging, but always has an aluring sound.
All music here is avaliable on CD through Amazon.com.Featured Items:


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Area items of interest
Rotary welcomes hospital association president
The Kinston Noon Rotary Club recently welcomed William A. �Bill� Pully, president of the North Carolina Hospital Association, as a guest speaker. NCHA serves 130 hospitals and health systems, and its mission is to promote improved delivery of quality healthcare in North Carolina through leadership, advocacy, information and education in its members� interest for public benefit.
During his tenure, Pully created the N.C. Center for Hospital Quality and Patient Safety to enhance hospital quality through the development of educational collaborative and public reporting of quality indicators.
�North Carolina currently ranks 32nd on the list for the healthiest states in the nation,� said Pully. �We cannot be 32nd. We have the potential to lead a transformation in healthcare. Healthcare is better than it was six years ago and it will (be) better five years from now,� Pully added.
Pully concluded with emphasizing the need to move to a �value-based system vs. volume-based� hospital system and paid Lenoir Memorial Hospital president and Rotary member, Gary Black, a high compliment, stating �Gary is the greatest hospital executive in the state.�
For more about the N.C. Hospital Association and the N.C. Center for Hospital Quality and Patient Safety, visit ncha.org. Noon Rotary of Kinston meets at 1 p.m. Thursdays at King�s Restaurant.
AARP hears veterans home leader
Dean Smith, director of the North Carolina Veterans Home in Kinston, informed the chapter about the new facility. Dedication of the home will be Dec. 12.
This facility has 100 private rooms, a center kitchen, rehabilitation areas and other special equipment. The kitchen equipment, room furniture and other items will be moved in soon after the dedication. Residents will be moving into the facility about the first of February.
For AARP chapter information, call Mary Tyndall, chapter coordinator, at 252-527-1505.


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Shop at PMT Online for the UK's biggest range of Guitar Care Kits, Cleaning tools, maintenance kits and everything you need to keep your instruments in tip top shape.
When buying your dream guitar, something we all tend to overlook is how to keep it properly treated and looked after. Factors like room humidity, exposure to sunlight and frequency of use can all take their toll on your guitars finish, paintwork and playability. Here we've got everything you need to look after your Electric, Acoustic or Bass guitar.
A proper cleaning or polish solution from brands like Jim Dunlop, Fender, Gibson and Ibanez can help extend the life of the finish, and only takes a few minutes of care every few months. We also sell microfibre cloths specifically designed for use with nitrocellulose and deluxe body finishes.
A good quality cleaning kit, combined with all the essential guitar accessories, will ensure your prized instrument will stand the test of time, and keep it looking as fresh as the day you bought it.
Check out the PMT Blog for a definitive guide to how to maintain, clean and cherish your guitar for the long haul. Our dedicated experts have years of experience when it comes to maintaining and looking after guitars of any value! Pop into any PMT Store for a full demonstration or advice on guitar cleaning and how to use care products.


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This weekend at Daxie Boy Toys I revealed my newest custom of Jabba the Hutt and Salacious Crumb in the new Star Wars Black Series 6" scale. I decided to make them as soon as I heard we were getting Boba Fett at SDCC! A big thanks to Gino Ybarra for helping me out.
The biggest compliment/question I kept getting this weekend was...is that the Sideshow Jabba?
Ha Ha, nope that is mine!
Below are a bunch of pictures of the figures and underneath those are some work-in-progress pictures of how I made them. There is a also a sneak peek below of the next figure we are working on.


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Heads up! The current Recruit-A-Friend reward mount, the experimental X-53 Touring Rocket, will soon be cycled out of the RAF program. If you've always wanted a Touring Rocket, but haven't snagged one yet, this is your last chance to get one by bringing a friend to World of Warcraft.
While we don't have an official launch date to reveal for the new Recruit-A-Friend mount, we wanted to give you an early heads up that the changeover will be happening "soon" (TM). You have a few weeks to claim the X-53 Touring Rocket before it goes away.