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This article is a bio-bibliographical essay on the life and works of Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Ma'ruf, a scholar of 16th-century Istanbul, one of the most prolific and original scientists of the Ottoman period of Islamic science. After a biographical sketch, a comprehensive compilation lists most of his writings from manuscript sources.
by Dr. Salim Ayduz*
Table of contents
3. Astronomical instruments of the observatory
4. Manuscripts of Taqī al-Dīn's works
4.1. Mathematics
4.2. Astronomy
4.3. Mechanics
Figure 1: Ottoman astronomers at work around Taqī al-Dīn at the Istanbul Observatory. Source: Istanbul University Library, F 1404, fol. 57a.
Taqī al-Dīn ibn Ma'rūf was a major Ottoman scientist who excelled in science in the second half of the 16th century. From 1571, he settled in Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire and excelled in several scientific fields such as mathematics, astronomy, engineering and mechanics, and optics. He was the author of several texts, some of which manuscripts survived and are at present the subject of thorough studies in the history of science. One of his books, Al-Turuq al-saniyya fi al-alat al-ruhaniyya (The Sublime Methods of Spiritual Machines), described the workings of a rudimentary steam engine and steam turbine, predating the more famous discovery of steam power by Giovanni Branca in 1629. Taqī al-Dīn is also known for the invention of a 'monobloc' six cylinder pump, for his construction of the Istanbul observatory, and for his astronomical activity there for several glorious years until the observatory was closed.
Figure 2: Sextant (mushabbaha bi-'l-manātiq) of Taqī al-Dīn. From Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 14b.
Taqī al-Dīn Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Qādhī Ma'rūf ibn Ahmad al-Shāmī al-'Asadī al-Rāsid (1526-1585), was an Ottoman astronomer originary from Damascus who worked in Istanbul. Known as al-Rāsid (the observer) because of his fame as astronomer and especially as observer and head of the known Istanbul observatory, he excelled also in other scientific branches, from mathematics and optics to mechanics and engineering.
Taqī al-Dīn was born in Damascus in 1526. He worked for a time as a judge and teacher at Nablus (in Palestine), Damascus and Cairo. During his stay in Egypt and Damascus, he produced some important works in the fields of astronomy and mathematics. In 1570, he came to Istanbul from Cairo, and one year later (1571-2) was appointed chief astronomer (Munajjimbashi) upon the death of Chief Astronomer Mustafa b. Ali al-Muwaqqit [1]. Taqī al-Dīn maintained close relations with many important members of the ulema and statesmen, chief among whom was Hoca Sadeddin, and was presented to Sultan Murad by the Grand Vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pasha [2].
Figure 3: Dhāt al-awtār. From Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 13b.
Taqī al-Dīn informed Sultan Murād, who had an interest in astronomy and astrology that the Ulug Bey Astronomical Tables contained certain observational errors, resulting in errors in calculations made on the basis of those tables. Taqī al-Dīn indicated that these errors could be corrected if new observations were made and proposed that an observatory be built in Istanbul for that purpose. Sultan Murād was very pleased to be the patron of the first observatory in Istanbul and asked that construction began immediately. He also provided all the financial assistance required for the project. In the meantime, Taqī al-Dīn pursued his studies at the Galata Tower, which he continued in 1577 at the partially completed new observatory that he called Dār al-Rasad al-Jadīd (the New Observatory). He founded the first observatory in Istanbul during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murad III (1574-1595) which housed a library, comprising mainly books on astronomy and mathematics.
Figure 4: Observational clock. Source: Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya (T), Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 16a.
The observatory, consisting of two separate buildings, one large and one small, was constructed at a location in the higher part of Tophane in Istanbul. Taqī al-Dīn had the instruments used in the old Islamic observatories reproduced with great care. In addition, he invented some new instruments which were used for observational purposes for the first time. The observatory had a staff of sixteen people-eight "observers" (rāsid), four clerks, and four assistants [3].
The observatory was designed to provide for the needs of the astronomers and included a library and certainly a workshop for the design and the production of instruments. This institution was conceived as one of the largest observatories in the Islamic world and was completed in 1579. It was comparable to Tycho Brahe's (1546-1601) Uranienborg observatory built in 1576. There is a striking similarity between the instruments of Tycho Brahe and those of Taqī al-Dīn. In his astronomical tables, called the Sidratu Muntaha 'l-afkār fī malakut al-falak al-dawwār (Culmination of Thoughts in the Kingdom of Rotating Spheres), Taqī al-Dīn states that he started activities on astronomy in Istanbul with 15 assistants in 1573 [4]. The observatory continued to function until 22 January 1580, the date of its destruction. Religious arguments were put forth to justify this action, but it was really rooted in certain political conflicts [5].
3. Astronomical instruments of the observatory
Figure 5: Mechanical clock of Taqī al-Dīn. Image taken from Sifat ālāt rasadiya bi-naw'in ākhar. Source: Kandilli Rasathanesi El Yazmalari 1: Türkçe Yazmalar, proje sorumlusu: Günay Kut, Istanbul: Bogaziçi Üniversitesi Yayinevi, 2007, p. 122.
The followings instruments were among those used in the observatory to perform observations:
1) An armillary sphere;
2) A mural quadrant;
3) An azimuthal quadrant;
4) A parallel ruler;
5) A ruler-quadrant or wooden quadrant;
6) An instrument with two holes for the measurement of apparent diameters of heavenly bodies and eclipses;
7) An instrument with chords to determine the equinoxes, invented by Taqī al-Dīn to replace the equinoxial armillary;
8) A mushabbaha bi'l-manātiq, another instrument of his invention, the nature and function of which is not yet explained;
9) A mechanical clock with a train of cogwheels;
10) A sunaydi ruler, apparently a special type of instrument of an auxiliary nature, the function of which was explained by Alauddin al-Mansur.
Figure 6: Azimuthal semicircle (dhāt al-samt wa'l-irtifā') of Taqī al-Dīn. Source: Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 452, folio 10a.
Taqī al-Dīn invented new observational instruments that were added to the array of those already in use for observation in the Islamic world. Among the instruments invented by Taqī al-Dīn in the observatory were the following:
- The Sextant (mushabbaha bi-'l manātiq): used to measure the distances between the stars. Taqī al-Dīn's mushabbaha bi'l manātiq and Tycho Brahe's sextant should be considered among the great achievements of the 16th century astronomy. A mushabbaha bi-l manātiq is composed of three rulers. Two of them are attached as the rulers of triquetrum. An arc is attached to the end of one of the rulers. Taqī al-Dīn made this instrument to observe the radius of Venus that was mentioned in the tenth book of Ptolemy's Almagest [6].
- The Dhāt al-awtar: designates the spring and autumn equinoxes. Some astronomers set up a ring, which was not divided, parallel to the equator to designate this. Taqī al-Dīn invented his instrument in the new observatory. The instrument was composed of a base in the form of a rectangle and four columns. The two columns were set on the base so that a string was stretched between them. One of them was equal to the cosine of the latitude of the country and the other to the sine. A hole was made on each of these parts according to this proportion. A rope was hung from these holes with a plumb [7].
- The astronomical clock: Taqī al-Dīn used a mechanical clock, which he made himself for his observations, and a wooden wall dial, which he set up in the observatory. This clock was more precise than those previously used and considered to be one of the most significant inventions in the field of applied astronomy in the 16th century. It is described as folows in The Astronomical Instruments for the Emperor's Table: "The ninth instrument is an astronomical clock. The following statement is recorded from Ptolemy: 'I would have been able to establish a great regularity in method if I was able to measure the time precisely'. Now Taqī al-Dīn planned, with the help of God, the astronomical clock by the command of the Sultan, God perpetuates his ruling days. Thus, he was able to do what Ptolemy had failed to do". In addition, in Sidrat al-muntaha, Taqī al-Dīn said: "we built a mechanical clock with a dial showing the hours, minutes and seconds and we divided every minute into five seconds [8]."
Figure 7: Parallactic instrument of Taqī al-Dīn. Source: Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 452, folio 11b.
When we compare the instruments that Taqī al-Dīn used in his observatory with those used by Tycho Brahe, they are mostly similar, but some of Taqī al-Dīn's are larger and more precise. For example, they both used a mural quadrant (libna) for the observation of the declinations of the sun and the stars. It is said that Taqī al-Dīn preferred a mural quadrant instead of the sudus al-fakhrī and two rings used by the previous astronomers. Taqī al-Dīn's quadrant was formed of two brass quadrants with a radius of six metres each, placed on a wall and erected on the meridian. The same instrument used by Brahe was only two meters in diameter [9].
Figure 8: The quadrant made of rulers of Taqī al-Dīn. Source: Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 452, folio 12b.
In his observational work, Taqī al-Dīn integrated the Damascus and Samarkand traditions of astronomy. His first task at the observatory was to undertake the corrections of the Ulug Bey Astronomical Tables. He also undertook various observations of eclipses of the sun and the moon. In September 1578, a comet appeared in the skies of Istanbul for one month; the staff of the observatory set to observe it ceaselessly day and night and the results of the observations were presented to the sultan. Taqī al-Dīn was, as a result of the new methods he developed and the equipment he invented, able to approach his observations in an innovative way and produce novel solutions to astronomical problems. He also substituted the use of a decimally based system for a sexagesimal system and prepared trigonometric tables based on decimal fractions. He determined the ecliptic degree as 23º 28' 40', which is very close to the current value of 23º 27'. He used a new method in calculating solar parameters. In particular, he determined that the magnitude of the annual movement of the sun's apogee was 63'. Considering that the value known today is 61', the method he used appears to have been more precise than that of Copernicus (24 seconds) and Tycho Brahe (45 seconds).
The observatory was witness to a great deal of activity within a short period of time between 1577 and 1580 . Observations undertaken there were collected in a work titled Sidrat Muntahā'l-Afkār fī Malakūt al-Falak al-Dawwār. When compared with those of the contemporary Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, Taqī al-Dīn's observations are more precise. Furthermore, some of the instruments that he had in his observatory were of superior quality to Tycho Brahe's [10].
4. Manuscripts of Taqī al-Dīn's works
4.1. Mathematics
Figure 9a-b: Astronomical instruments of Taqī al-Dīn. Images taken from Tafsīr ba'dh al-ālāt al-rasadiyya: Source: Kandilli Rasathanesi El Yazmalari 1: Türkçe Yazmalar, edited by Günay Kut, Istanbul: Bogaziçi Üniversitesi Yayinevi, 2007, 39.
1. Book on coinciding ratios in algebra (Kitāb al-nisab al-mutashākkala fī 'l-jabr wa-'l-muqābala): Cairo (Miqat 557/3, 4 f., Taymur Riyada. 140/10), Oxford (I 88/3). It contains a prologue, three sections and an epilogue.
2. Aim of Pupils in the Science of Arithmetic (Bughyat al-tullāb fī 'ilm al-hisāb): Cairo (Riyada. 1023), Rome (Vatican Sbath 496/2). It is quoted in Qāmūs al-Riyādhiyyāt of Salih Zeki (vol. II, p. 59) and in The History of Mathematical Literature during the Ottoman Period. It is enclosed also in Al-Hisāb al-hindī, a hand book which contains the book Hisāb al-muanjjimīn wa-'l-jabr wa al-muqābala (Süleymaniye library, Carullah, MS 1454, 55 folios). The codex had three chapters: 1) on arithmetic with decimal figures, 2) on arithmetic with sexagesimal figures, 3) on algebra.
3. Book on Projecting Spheres onto a Plane (Kitāb tastīh al-ukar) = Preferred Rule in Foundations of Projecting on a Plane (Dastūr al-tarjīh fī qawā'id al-tastīh) - Cairo (Tal'at miqat 135 - anonymous), Istanbul (Kandilli 415/5, 12 folios). It is mentioned under the first title in Kashf al-Zunūn (II 288, III 226). Treatise on stereographic projection; could be part of an astronomical work. The book is dedicated to Hoca Sa'dettin Efendi and has two chapters.
4. Commentary on "Treatise on Classification in Arithmetic" (Sharh risālat al-Tajnīs fī '1-hisāb): is mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (II 208, III 376). Commentary on the treatise Book on Reduction of the Common Denominator in Arithmetic (Kitāb al-Tajnīs fī '1-hisāb) of al-Sakhāwandī.
5. Risāla fī tahqīqi mā qālahu 'l-'ālim Giyāthuddin Jamsid fī bayāni 'l-nisba bayna 'l-muhīt wa-'l-qutr (A). Taqī al-Dīn discusses here the ideas of Giyath al-Din Jamshid's book al-Risalat al-muhitiyya (Istanbul, Kandilli, nr. 208/8, 5 f.).
6. Exposition of "Book on Spheres" of Theodosius (Tahrīr Kitāb al-ukar li-Thawudhūsiyūs): mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (I, 390).
4.2. Astronomy
Figure 10: Taqī al-Dīn and his observatory. Source: Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 452, folio 17a.
Figure 11: The dioptra of Taqī al-Dīn. Source: Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 452, folio 13a.
7. Fragrance of Spirit on Drawing of Horary [Lines] on Plane Surfaces (Rayhānat al-rūh fī rasm al-sā'āt 'alā mustawā al-sutūh): Bursa (Haraccioglu 1168/2), Cairo (Falak 3988, Miqat 1140, Fadil Miqat 126, 128, 233, Talat Miqat 182), Istanbul (Suleymaniye Esat 3500, 2033, 2055; Kandilli 132/3, 58, 51; BU Veliyuddin 2305/1; Topkapi Hazine 467/1), Madina (Arif Hikmet 493/2), Oxford (I 881/1, 927), Rome (Vat. 1224), (Kandilli, nr. 123/3, 58 f.); it is quoted in Kashf al-Zunūn (III 524). In addition to those stated above, 5 manuscript copies are mentioned in The History of Astronomical Literature during the Ottoman Period. This book deals with sundials drawn on marble surfaces and their features. It has one prologue and three chapters. It was written in the village of Funduk in Nablus in 1567. This book was commented upon by Taqī al-Dīn's student Sirāj al-Dīn 'Umar ibn Muhammad al-Fāriskūrī (d. 1610) under the title Nafh al-fuyūh bi-sharh rayhānat al-rūh; the commentary was translated into Turkish by an unknown writer in the beginning of the 17th century.
8. Non-perforated Pearls and Roll of Reflections (Jarīdat al-durar wa kharīdat al-fikar): Berlin (5699), Cairo (Miqat 900/2, Talat Miqat 76), Istanbul (Kandilli 183, 184; Topkapi Emanet Hazinesi 1711; Suleymaniye Esad Efendi 1976/2), Tehran (Meclis-i Sena 7572/25). It is a small astronomical table for Cairo written in 1581/1582 for Sa'd al-Din Efendi; it contains sine and tangent tables in decimal fractions. The treatise shows Taqī al-Dīn's scientific abilities and the originality of his contributions. In this work, for the first time we find the use of decimal fractions in trigonometric functions. He also prepared tangent and cotangent tables. According to Taqī al-Dīn, who was the first scholar to succeed in this area, the mathematician Giyāth Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1390 - 1450) tried to solve this problem but failed. (Kandilli, MS 183, 75 folios). Dr. Remzi Demir edited the manuscript as his PhD dissertation [11].
9. Book of Ripe Fruits from Clusters of Universal Instrument (Kitab al-thimār al-yāni'a 'an qutāf al-āla al-jāmi'a): Cairo (Miqat 557/2), Manchester (361/E), Oxford (I 881/2). It is a commentary on the work "Rays of light on operations wit the universal instrument" (al-Ashi'a al-lāmi'a fī 'l-'amal bi-'l-āla al jāmi'a) of Ibn al-Shātir, describing an astronomical instrument invented by the latter. It is composed of one prologue, thirty chapters and one epilogue (Dar al-kutub, Miqat, MS 557/2, 8 folios).
10. Poem on Sine [Quadrant] (Manzūmat al-mujayyab) - Treatise on Operations with the Transparent Quadrant (Risāla fī'l-'amal bi-rub' al-dastūr): Berlin (5834), Cairo (Fadil Miqat 138), Istanbul (Suleymaniye Husnu 135/2, 1 f.), all under the first title. It is a lyric book dealing with the calculations and observations made by the instrument Rub' al-dastūr. There are two commentaries on the book: one made by Taqī al-Dīn himself and the other by an unknown author (Berlin, MS 5834, 10 folios).
11. Culmination of Thoughts in the Kingdom of Rotating Spheres (Sidrat muntahā al-afkār fī malakūt al-falak al-dawwār (=al-Zīj al- Shāhinshāhī): Istanbul (Kandilli 56, 208/1, 47 folios, NO 2930; Topkapi Hazine 465/1; BU Veliyuddin 2308/2), Rome (Vat. Sbath 496/1). It is quoted in Kashf al-Zunūn (I 394, III 466, 587). Edition of Chapter III (on astronomical instruments): [Sevim Tekeli, "Takiyüddin'in Sidret ül-müntehasinda Aletler Bahsi", Belleten, Ankara 1961, XXX/98, pp. 228-238]. Turkish translation of the same chapter: Tekeli [ibid] (214-227). These works were prepared according to the results of the observations carried out in Egypt and Istanbul in order to correct and complete Zīj-i Ulugh Beg. In the first 40 pages of the work, Taqī al-Dīn deals with trigonometric calculation. This is followed by discussions of astronomical clocks, heavenly circles, and so forth. Here, he gives information about three eclipses which he observed while he was in Cairo and Istanbul.
12. Book on Knowledge of Position of Horary [lines] (Kitab fi ma'rifat wad' al-sa'at): Cairo (VI 154); Composed of 10 chapters, it is mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn.
13. Commentary on His Poem on Conversion of Dates in Different Calendars (Al-Abyāt al-tis'a fī istihrāj al-tawārikh al-mashhūra wa-sharhuhā). Cairo (Fadil Majlis 180/7), Istanbul (Suleymaniye Laleli, 3642/1, 7 f., Lala Ismail 732/6, Hasan Husnu 1135/6; BU Veliyuddin, 2305/6; Topkapi Hazine 467/2). This book contains information about the conversion of calendars from Hijra or to Hijra from other calendars.
14. Knowledge on Reckoning of Lunar Stations (Fī ma'rifat hisāb manāzil al-qamar): Beirut (Safa 22). On the calculation of lunar mansions.
15. Revision of the Almagest: mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (V 388).
16. Revision of the Zīj of Ulugh Beg: mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (III 197, 490).
17. Treatise on the Azimuth of the Qibla (Risālat samt al-Qibla): mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (III 411), it is about finding the direction of the qibla; it has a prologue, one main chapter called a maqsad and fifteen sections.
18. Pearl of the Ordered Simplification of the Calendar (al-Durr (al-'iqd) al-nazīm fī tashīl al-taqwīm): mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (III 197), it is a brief astronomical table on the way to extract the annual calendars through Ulugh Bey Zīj. Cairo (Dar al-Kutub, MS 8008), Oxford (Bodleian, MS 562), Istanbul (Süleymaniye Bagdatli Vehbi, MS 2048/5, 8 folios).
19. Uses on Determining the Equator of the Globe and Knowledge of the Sine (Fawā'id fī istikhrāj mintaqat al-kura wa ma'rifat af-jayb): Cairo (Taymur Riyada 10/13).
20. Simplification of the Shahinshah Zīj (Tashīl zīj al-a'shāriyya al-shāhinshāhiyya): Patna (2466). In this text, Taqī al-Dīn gave the parts of degree of curves and angles in decimal fractions and carried out the calculations accordingly. Excluding the table of fixed stars, all the astronomical tables in this zīj were prepared using decimal fractions.
21. Daqa'iq Ikhtilaf al-Ufuqayn: Cairo (Talat miqat 211/1, 1 f.); about the difference between real and false horizons.
22. The Brightest Stars for the Construction of Mechanical Clocks (Al-Kawākib al-durriyya fi wadh' al-bankāmat al-dawriyya): Cairo (Miqat 557/1, Sina'a 166/1), Oxford (557), Paris (2478). It was written in 1559 in Nablus and deals with the construction of mechanical clocks and how to use them.
23. Al-Mizwala al-Shimāliyya bi-fadli dā'iri ufuqi al-Qustantīniyya: Oxford (Bodleian, March 119), Istanbul (Kandilli, 547, 13 folios). Taqī al-Dīn wrote this book while he was a judge in Nablus to determine the latitude of Istanbul's horizon with a kind of round gnomon; it contains one prologue, three chapters and one epilogue.
24. Risāla fī 'amal āla tursamu bihā al-kawākib 'alā sathin mustawī: Istanbul (Suleymaniye Yeni Cami 797/3). On the method to draw the map of the sky.
25. Risāla fī al-'amal bi al-rub' al-Shakāzī: Cairo (Taymur riyada 169/2, Fihris al-azhariyya VI 303), Edirne (Selimiye 691/3), Garrett (4792), Istanbul (Topkapi III Ahmed 3119/4k, 3 f.), Manchester (361/5). There is no certain proof that this treatise was written by Taqī al-Dīn.
26. Risāla fī 'l-ikhtilāf bayna al-muwaqqitān bi-mahrusat al-Qāhira fi dabt qawsay al-nahār wa-'l-layl wa-dā'irat al-fajr wa-'1-shafaq: Istanbul (Kandilli 208/5, 176, 4 f.), Tehran (Meclis-i Sena 7572/38).
27. Risāla fī ma'rifat al-'ufuq al-hādith: Istanbul (Kandilli 208/6, 1 f.). It is a notice about the finding of seven horizons.
28. Risāla fī sabab ta'akhkhur ghurūb al-Shams: Istanbul (Kandilli 147, 25 f., 140/3).
29. Risāla fi awqāt al-'ibādāt. -Istanbul (Kandilli 208/4, 2 f.). It is a treatise that mentions how to use the astrolabes to determination of the time.
30. Tafsīr ba'dh al-ālāt al-rasadiyya: Istanbul (Kandilli 208/2, 2 f.). This text in Turkish mentions eight astronomical instruments that were used by the author in his observatory, with beautiful figures.
31. Urjūza li-'1-jayb wa-'1-dharb wa'1-qisma: Istanbul (Uskudar Selim Aga 732m/7, 1 f.; Suleymaniye Huseyin Celebi 748/7, Esad Efendi 3769/10). A poem containing 24 lines on the rules of the Rub' dā'ira (the quadrant).
32. Preferred Rule in Foundations of Projecting on a Plane (Dastūr al-tarjīh fi qawā'id al-tastīh, titled in some sources as al-Dustur al-rajih li Qawa'id al-Tastih): mentioned in Kashf al-Zunūn (II 288, III 226) and extant in manuscripts at Cairo (Talat miqat 135 - anonymous), Giresun"(155/2), and Istanbul (Kandilli 415/5, 208/3, Arkeoloji Muzesi 601). It is about the projection of a sphere onto a plane as well as other topics in geometry. It is a treatise about the sundials made on the surfaces, written in 1576 and dedicated to Hoca Sa'd al-Din Efendi.
33. [Treatise on the Effect of Refraction at the Horizon and of Differences of Opinions of Cairo Timekeepers Thereon]: Cairo (Talat miqat 11 - only the first page), Istanbul (Kandilli 415).
34. [Treatise on the Difference between True and Visible Horizons]: Istanbul (Kandilli 122).
35. Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya (T), Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452. This book gives the list of astronomical instruments used by Taqī al-Dīn in the Istanbul observatory (Topkapi Sarayi Museum Libr., III. Ahmed, nr. 542, 17 folios). See Sevim Tekeli, "Astronomical Instruments for the Zīj of Emperor," Arastirma, Ankara 1963, I, pp. 71-121).
36. Jawāb Su'āl 'an muthallath min al-'izam gayri qā'im al-zāwiya wa-laysa fī azlā'ihi mā yablugh al-rub' wa-azlā'uhu bi-asrihā, hal yumkinu ma'rifat zawāyāhu (A). (Süleymaniye Libr., Yeni Cami, nr. 797/2, 1 folio).
37. Fawā'id fī istihrāj mintaqat al-kura wa-ma'rifat al-jayb (A) (Teymuriyye, Riyaza, nr. 140/13, 4 folios).
38. Risālat taqwīm al-sana 990 [H]: on the calendar of the year 990 H. (Süleymaniye Library, Izmirli Hakki, MS 2043/1, 21 folios).
39. Sifat ālāt rasadiya bi-naw'in ākhar (T): Istanbul, Kandilli Library, MS 208/7.
4.3. Mechanics
Figure 12: Mural quadrant (libna) of Taqī al-Dīn. Source: Al-Ālāt al-rasadiya li-zīj al-shāhinshāhiyya, Library of the Topkapi Palace Museum, Hazine 452, fol. 452, folio 9a.
40. The Brightest Stars for the Construction of Mechanical Clocks (al-Kawākib al-durriyya fī wadh' al-bankāmāt al-dawriyya): Cairo (Miqat 557/1, 35 folios, MS Falak 3845, Suway'āt 166/1): it is mentioned in Kasf al-Zunun. With this text, Taqī al-Dīn wrote the first Ottoman book on automatic machines. Composed in 1559 in Nablus. In the foreword, Taqī al-Dīn mentions that he benefited from using Samiz 'Alī Pasha's private library and his collection of European mechanical clocks. In this work, Taqī al-Dīn discusses various mechanical clocks from a geometrical–mechanical perspective. Sevim Tekeli, The Clocks in Ottoman Empire in 16th Century and Taqi al Din's "The Brightest Stars for the Construction of the Mechanical Clocks". Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanligi, 2002.
41. On Science of Clepsydras (Fī 'ilm al-binkāmāt): Oxford (I 968), Paris (2478).
42. The Sublime Methods in Spiritual Devices (al-Turuq al-saniyya fi'1-alat al-ruhaniyya): Cairo (Falak 3845, Miqat 557/4), Dublin (Beatty 5232), Istanbul Kandilli no 96, autograph). Research: [Tekeli, Sevim, "Taqi Al-Din's Method in Finding Solar Equations", ACIHS XI. Sommaires. Varsovie –Cracovie, 1965, 107; Necati Lugal Armagani. 24, 1968, 707-710.], al-Hasan [3]. Treatise in 6 chapters: 1) clepsydras, 2) devices for lifting weights, 3) devices for raising water, 4) fountains and continually playing flutes and kettle-drums, 5) irrigation devices, 6) self-moving spit. In this work, Taqī al-Dīn focuses on the geometrical-mechanical structure of clocks previously examined by the Banū Mūsā and Abū al-'Izz al-Jazarī. In this book he mentions a six cylinder machine which was invented by him to raise waters, and also some machines for lifting the weights. (Taki al-Din al-handasat al-makaniyyat al-Arabiyya ma'a kitab alt-turup al-saniyya fi al-alat al-ruhāniyya (ed. by A. Yusuf al-Hassan), Aleppo 1987). In 1551, Taqī al-Dīn invented an early steam turbine as a prime mover for a self-rotating spit. Taqī al-Dīn wrote: "Part Six: Making a spit which carries meat over fire so that it will rotate by itself without the power of an animal. This was made by people in several ways, and one of these is to have at the end of the spit a wheel with vanes, and opposite the wheel place a hollow pitcher made of copper with a closed head and full of water. Let the nozzle of the pitcher be opposite the vanes of the wheel. Kindle fire under the pitcher and steam will issue from its nozzle in a restricted form and it will turn the vane wheel. When the pitcher becomes empty of water bring close to it cold water in a basin and let the nozzle of the pitcher dip into the cold water. The heat will cause all the water in the basin to be attracted into the pitcher and the [the steam] will start rotating the vane wheel again." The History of the literature of natural and applied sciences during the Ottoman Period, (ed. By E. Ihsanoglu and others), Istanbul: IRCICA, 2006, I, 42-44.
43. Risāla fī 'amal al-mīzan al-tabi'ī (A). It is about weights and measurements and also mentions the scale of Archimedes. (Alexandria, Baladiya [Municipal Library], Majāmi', MS 3762, 4 folios).
Figure 13: The colophon of Tarjumān al-atibbā' wa-lisān al-alibbā', The National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland (MS A75, folio 2a) (Source).
44. Book of the Light of the Pupil of Vision and the Light of the Truth of the Sights (Kitab Nūr hadaqat al-ibsār wa-nūr haqīqat al-anzār): Cairo (Riyada. 893), Istanbul (Kandilli 122, Süleymaniye Libr., Laleli, nr. 2558, 72 folios), Oxford (I 930), Tashkent (446/1). Treatise on optics containing investigations on the vision, the light reflection and refraction in 3 parts. It is dedicated to the Ottoman Sultan Murad III (1574-1595). This book dealt with the structure of light, its diffusion and global refraction, and the relation between light and colour [12].
45. Al-Masābih al-muzhira fī 'ilm al-bazdara (A). It is about zoology. (Berlin, Gotha, MS 2094, 44 folios).
46. Tarjumān al-atibbā' wa-lisān al-alibbā' (The Interpreter of Physicians and the Language of the Wise concerning Simple Medicaments): This is an alphabetical pharmaco-botanical dictionary. Two of manuscript copies of it are known to be extant: MS A75 in 131 folios at the American National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland, and MS Mq. 527 in the Staatsbibliothek in Berlin (entry no. 6431 in Ahlwardt catalogue).
- 'Alā' al-Dīn Mansūr al-Shīrāzī, Shāhinshahnāme. Istanbul University, TY, MS 1404.
- 'Alā' al-Dīn Mansūr, Sehinsahnāme, Istanbul University Library, MS FY 1404.
- Al-Hassani, Salim, (2004), "The Machines of Al-Jazari and Taqi Al-Din".
- Adivar, Adnan, Osmanli Turklerinde Ilim, Istanbul, 1943.
- Al-Hassan, Ahmad Yusuf, Taqi-al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering. With the Sublime Methods of Spiritual Machines. An Arabic Manuscript of the Sixteenth Century (in Arabic). Aleppo: Institute for the History of Arabic Science, 1976.
- Ālāt rasadiyya li-Zīji al-Shāhinshāhiyya [Istanbul Univesity, TY, MS 1993].
- Ali Cevad, Tarih ve Cografya Lügati, Istanbul 1313.
- Aydüz, Salim, "Osmanli Devleti'nde Müneccimbasilik ve Müneccimbasilar", IÜ Sosyal Bilimler Ens., yüksek lisans tezi, 1993.
- Aydüz, Salim, "Takiyüddin Râsid ve Istanbul Rasathânesi", Sizinti, sayi 179, 1993, pp. 516-519.
- Aydüz, Salim, "Takiyüddin Râsid," Yasamlari ve Yapitlariyla Osmanlilar Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1 (Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 1999): 603-605.
- Ayvansarayî., Mecmuâ-i Tevârih (hazz. F. Ç. Derin-V. Çabuk), Istanbul 1985.
- Beydilli, Kemal, "Stephan Gerlach'in Rûznâme'sinde Istanbul", Tarih Boyunca Istanbul Semineri, Istanbul 1989, pp. 97-103.
- Bir, Atilla ve Mahmut Kayral, "Takiyüddin'in Ipli (Siryakli) Çalar Saati", Otomasyon 23 - Mayis 94, pp. 70-75.
- Bir, Atilla ve Mahmut Kayral, "Takiyüddin'in Siryakli (Ipli) Mekanik Saati", Otomasyon 22 - Nisan 94, pp. 86-90.
- Celal Es'ad (Arseven), Eski Galata ve Binalari, Istanbul 1329.
- Cevat Izgi, Osmanli Medreselerinde Ilim, (Istanbul: Iz Yayincilik, 1997).
- Demir, Remzi, "Takiyüddin Ibn Maruf'un Ondalik Kesirleri Trigonometri ve Astronomiye Uygulamasi", Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari II (ed. F. Günergün), Istanbul 1998, pp. 187-209.
- Demir, Remzi, "Eski Bir Hesap Aleti: Rubu'l-Müceyyeb ve Takiyüddin ibn Maruf'un 'Rubu'l-Müceyyeble Yapilan Islemler Manzûmesi' Adli Risâlesi", Bilim ve Felsefe Metinleri, Cilt 1, Sayi 1, Ankara 1992, pp. 29-55.
- Demir, Remzi, Takiyüddin'in Cerîdet el-Durer ve Harîdet el-Fiker Adli Eseri ve Ondalik Kesirleri Astronomi ve Trigonometriye Uygulamasi, AÜ Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fak., Felsefe bölümü, doktora tezi, 1991.
- Demir, Remzi, Takiyüddin'in Farkli Büyüklükte Sonsuz Nicelikler Meselesine Trigonometri'den Getirmis Oldugu Bir Örnek, Ankara 1992.
- Dizer, Muammer, "The Astrolabe of Taqi Al-Din at Kandilli Observatory", International Symposium for the History of Arabic Science University of Aleppo, April 1979.
- Dizer, Takiyüddin, Ankara 1990.
- Abu 'l-Fida, Kitāb al-mukhtasar fī akhbāri'l-basar, Kahire 1325, III, p. 74.
- Ergin, O. N., Türkiye Maârif Tarihi, I-II, Istanbul, pp. 251- 255.
- Fazlioglu, "Cebir", Diyanet Islam Ansiklopedisi, VII, 195-201.
- Fazlioglu, "Hendese", Diyanet Islam Ansiklopedisi, XVII, 199-208.
- Fazlioglu, "Hesap", Diyanet Islam Ansiklopedisi, XVII, 244-265.
- Fazlioglu, Ihsan, "Taqī al-Dīn Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zayn al-Dīn Ma'rūf al-Dimashqī al-Hanafī", in Biographical Encyclopaedia of Astronomers, ed. Thomas Hockey, New York: Springer, 2007, II, 1122-23.
- Gelibolulu Mustafa Ali, Künhü'l-Ahbâr, Istanbul Üniversitesi Libr., Ty. nr. 5959.
- Gerlach, Stephan, Türkisches Tapesbuch, Frankfurt 1674, p. 409.
- Göker, Lütfi, "Takiyüddin Er-Rasid ve Istanbul Rasathanesi", Milli Kültür, Cilt 1, Sayi 11, 1977, pp. 48-56.
- Gökmen, Mehmed Fatin, "Râsid Takiyüddin – Kesfettigi Bir Saat", Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, (I) 14 Nisan 1341 (1925).
- Ibn Al-Athir, al-Kāmil fi al-tārīh, Beirut, 1979, XI, p. 419.
- Ibrahim Ismet Efendi; Fihrist-i Kutuphânet el-Hidiviyye, Misir 1308.
- Karaçelebizade Abdülaziz, Ravzad al-abrâr, Kahire 1248, p. 462.
- Kātip Çelebi, Kashf al-Zunun, I, p. 753.
- Kâtip Çelebi, Süllemu'l-vüsûl ilâ tabakâti'l-fühûl, Süleymaniye Libr., Sehid Ali, no. 1877, p. 230.
- Kehhale, Mujam al-muallifin, XII, p. 283.
- King, David A. (1986). A Survey of the Scientific manuscripts in the Egyptian National Library. Winona Lake, IN, USA: American Research Center in Egypt, pp. 171-2.
- King, David A., "Taki al-Din". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd Ed.) vol. 10: pp. 132-3.
- Krause, Max, "Stambuler Hand-schriften Islamischer Mathematiker", Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik, Astronomie und Physik, Abteilung B, vol. 3, Berlin 1936, p. 437-532.
- Mehmed Murad, Tarih-i Ebu'l-Faruk, Ist., 1328, III, pp. 44-47.
- Miroglu, "Istanbul Rasathânesine Ait Belgeler", Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayi, 1972/3, p. 77.
- Mordtmann, J. H., "Das Observatorium des Taqî ed-din zu Pera", Der Islam, 1923, vol. 13, Heft 1-2, p. 82-86.
- Müstakimzade, Mecelletü'n-nisab, Süleymaniye Libr., Halet Efendi, no. 628, vr 408b.
- Nazif M. Hoca, Sûdî, Hayat, Eserleri ve Iki Risâlesi'nin Metni, Istanbul 1980, (Risâle-i Sûdî Efendi, Metin kismi), pp. 3-4.
- Nazif M. Hoca, Risâle-i Sûdi Efendi, Istanbul Üniversitesi Libr., nr. Ty. 2608, Ty. 5595, Ty. 1390.
- Salih Zeki, Asar-i Bakiye, Ist., 1329, pp. 200, 201.
- Salih Zeki, Kâmûs-u riyâziyyât, IÜ Ktp, TY, no 914, V, 342.
- Sayili, Aydin, "Alauddin Mansur'un Istanbul Rasathânesi Hakkindaki Siirleri", Belleten, XX/79, 1956, pp. 414, 466.
- Sayili, Aydin, "The Observation Well", Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi Dergisi, XI, 1953, p. 150, note 8.
- Sayili, Aydin, "III. Murad'in Istanbul Rasathânesi'ndeki Mücessem Yer Küresi ve Avrupa Ile Kültürel Temaslar", Belleten XXV, Ankara 1961, pp. 397-398.
- Sayili, Aydin, "Rasadhâne", IA, IX, 628-631.
- Schweigger, Salomon, Reisebeschereibungen nach Konstantinopel, XXIII, Nürnberg 1608, p. 90.
- Sesen, Ramazan, "Meshur Osmanli Astronomu Takiyüddin El-Râsid'in Soyu Üzerine", Erdem, IV/10, Ocak 1988, pp. 165-171.
- Sesen, R., Salâhaddin Devrinde Eyyûbîler Devleti, Istanbul 1983, p. 36.
- Shihab al-Din al-Hafacī, Reyhānat al-alibbā, Aleppo, 1967, I, p. 151.
- Suter, H., Die Mathematiker und Astronomen Der Araber und Ihre Werke, Leipzig 1900.
- Tayyarzâde Ahmed Atâ, Tarih-i Atâ, Istanbul 1292-93, I, pp. 81-82.
- Tekeli Sevim, "Taqī al-Dīn", in Helaine Selin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997, pp. 934-935 (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2008).
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Istanbul Rasathânesinin Araçlari", Arastirma, Ankara 1979, XI, pp. 29-44.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Takiyüddin'de Kiris 2° ve Sin 1° nin Hesabi", Arastirma, Ankara 1965, III, pp. 123-127.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Takiyüddin'in Delos Problemi ile ilgili Çalismalari", Arastirma, Ankara 1968, VI, pp. 1-9.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Takiyüddin'in Sidret ül-müntehasinda Aletler Bahsi", Belleten, Ankara 1961, XXX/98, pp. 213-227.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Takiyüddin", Turk Ansiklopedisi, XXX, 357.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Taqī al-Dīn". In: Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, edited by Helaine Selin. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Astronomical Instruments for the Zīj of Emperor," Arastirma, vol. 1, 1963, pp. 71-122.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Istanbul Rasathanesinin Gözlem Araçlari," Arastirma, vol. 11, 1979, pp. 29-44.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Nasiruddin, Takiyyuddin ve Tyho Brahe'nin Rasad Aletlerinin Mukayesesi", Dil ve Tarih - Cografya Fakultesi Dergisi, XVI, 3–4, 301-395. 1958.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Taqi Al-Din's Method in Finding Solar Equations", ACIHS XI. Sommaires. Varsovie –Cracovie, 1965, 107; Necati Lugal Armagani. 24, 1968, 707-710.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "Taqial Din's "Work on Extracting the Chord 2° and Sin 1°", Arastirma, Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Felsefe Arastirmalari Enstitüsü Dergisi, III (1965), Ankara, pp. 128-131.
- Tekeli, Sevim, "The Observational Instruments of Istanbul Observatory", Islâm'da Rasathaneler Sempozyumu, Istanbul 1980, pp. 33-44: published on www.MuslimHeritage.com as: The Instruments of Istanbul Observatory (08 June, 2008).
- Tekeli, Sevim, "The Work on Taqi Al-Din's Astronomical Instruments", Arastirma, I, 1963, 1-20.
- Tekeli, Sevim. "Takiyüddin'in Sidret ül-Müntehasinda Aletler Bahsi" in Belleten XXV/15, 1961, pp. 213-238.
- Tekeli, Sevim. "Trigonometry in the Sixteenth Century: Copernicus and Taqi al-Din," Erdem 2 (4): 219–272, 1986.
- Tekeli, Sevim. The Clocks in Ottoman Empire in 16th Century and Taqi al-Din's 'The Brightest Stars for the Construction of the Mechanical Clocks'. Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanligi, 2002.
- Topdemir, Hüseyin Gazi, "According to al-Haytham, Al-Farisi and Taqī al-Dīn ibn Maruf the Nature of the Propagation of Light", Review of Faculty of Language, History and Geography of Ankara University, Volume 38, Issue 1-2, Ankara 1998, pp. 381-403.
- Topdemir, Hüseyin Gazi, "Optics Book of Taqī al-Dīn ibn Maruf", Review of Centre for Research Studies in Ottoman History, (OTAM), Volume 7, Ankara 1997, pp. 253-286.
- Topdemir, Hüseyin Gazi, "Taqī al-Dīn's Optics Book Named The Nature of Light and The Formation of The Vision", Doctoral Dissertation, (Advisor: Prof. Dr. Sevim Tekeli), xii+816 pages.
- Topdemir, Hüseyin Gazi, "The Optical Researches of Kamal al-Din al-Farisi", Nüsha, (Journal of Oriental Studies) Volume II, Issue 6, 2002, pp. 149-168.
- Ünver, Suheyl, Istanbul Rasathânesi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1986.
- Unat, Yavuz, "Tâkiyüddîn ve Istanbul Gözlemevi (Rasathanesi)", Türkler, Cilt 11, Yeni Türkiye Yayinlari, Editörler: Hasan Celâl Güzel, Kemal Çiçek, Salim Koca, Ankara 2002, pp. 277-288.
- Unat, Yavuz, "Time in The Sky of Istanbul, Taqî al Dîn al-Râsid's Observatory", Art and Culture Magazin, Time in Art, Winter 2004/Issue 11, pp. 86-103 ("Takîyüddîn el-Râsid'in Gözlemleriyle Istanbul Semalarinda Zaman", P – Sanat, Kültür, Antika Dergisi, Zaman ve Sanat, Sayi 28, Kis 2003, pp. 80-97).
- Unat, Yavuz, "Türk Teknoloji Tarihinden Iki Örnek Gezeri ve Takîyüddîn", 1. Türk Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri (15-17 Kasim 2001), Türk Teknoloji Tarihi, Yayina Hazirlayanlar: Emre Dölen, Mustafa Kaçar, Ðstanbul 2003, pp. 75-94.
- Ziriklī, al, Al-A'lām, Cairo 1954, VII, p. 105.
End Notes
[1] Ihsan Fazlioglu, "Alī al-Muwaqqit: Muslih al-Dīn Mustafā ibn 'Alī al-Qustantīnī al-Rūmī al-Hanafī al-Muwaqqit", in Biographical Encyclopaedia of Astronomers, ed. Thomas Hockey, New York: Springer, 2007, I, 33.
[2] J. H. Mordtmann, "Das Observatorium des Taqi ed-din zu Pera," Der Islam 12 (1913): 93; Ramazan Sesen, "Meshur Osmanli Astronomu Takiyüddin El-Râsid'in Soyu Üzerine," Erdem 4, no. 10 (1988): 165-171; Cevat Izgi, Osmanli Medreselerinde Ilim, vol. 1 (Istanbul: Iz Yayincilik, 1997): 301-302, 327, 192; Izgi, vol. 2, 128-132; Salim Aydüz, "Takiyüddin Râsid," Yasamlari ve Yapitlariyla Osmanlilar Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1 (Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Yayinlari, 1999): 603-605.
[3] Ahmet Süheyl Ünver, Istanbul Rasathânesi (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1986), 43-47.
[4] Topkapi Palace Museum Library, MS Hazine 465/1. In addition, see Sevim Tekeli, "Trigonometry in Two Sixteenth Century Works: The De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium and the Sidra al-Muntaha", History of Oriental Astronomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 209-214.
[5] Sevim Tekeli, "Istanbul Rasathânesinin Araçlari," Arastirma 11 (1979): 29-44; Sevim Tekeli, "Takiyüddin'de Kiris 2° ve Sin 1° nin Hesabi," Arastirma 3 (1965): 123-127; Sevim Tekeli, "Takiyüddin'in Delos Problemi ile ilgili Çalismalari," Arastirma 6 (1968): 1-9; Sevim Tekeli, "Takiyüddin'in Sidret ül-müntehasinda Aletler Bahsi," Belleten 30, no. 98 (1961): 213-227.
[6] Sevim Tekeli, "Astronomical Instruments for the Zîj of Emperor," Arastirma 1 (1963): 86-97.
[7] 7. Ibid.
[8] Aydin Sayili, The Observatory in Islam (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1991), 289-305; Aydin Sayili, "Alauddin Mansur'un Istanbul Rasathânesi Hakkindaki Siirleri," Belleten 20, no. 79 (1956): 414, 466.
[9] Sevim Tekeli, "Meçhul bir yazarin Istanbul Rasathesi Aletlerinin Tasvirini veren: Alat-i Rasadiye li Zic-i Sehinsahiye Adli Eseri," Arastirma 1 (1963): 12-71.
[10] Sevim Tekeli, "Nasiruddin, Takiyüddin ve Tycho Brahe'nin Rasat Aletlerinin Mukayesesi," Ankara Üniversitesi, Dil ve Tarih Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi 16, no. 3-4 (1958), 224-259.
[11] Takiyüddin'in Cerîdet el-Durer ve Harîdet el-Fiker Adli Eseri ve Ondalik Kesirleri Astronomi ve Trigonometriye Uygulamasi, Ankara University, DTC Faculty, Philosophy Department, 1991.
[12] Studied in Topdemir, Hüseyin Gazi, "Taqī al-Dīn's Optics Book Named The Nature of Light and The Formation of The Vision", Doctoral Dissertation, Advisor: Prof. Dr. Sevim Tekeli. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi, xii+816 pages.
* Senior Researcher at the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation, UK and Research Visitor at the School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures, The University of Manchester, UK.


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subset: commoncrawl


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The Hagley Digital Archives provides online access to selected items from the Hagley Library's collection of images, documents, and publications related to the history of business, technology, and society.
Virginia rail, clapper rail, coot, king rail, sora
Our American Game Birds Series [First edition-1917?]
Forbush, Edward Howe, 1858-1929
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DuPont Company Museum collection (Accession 1968.001)
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sandyjohnsontody on Family Tree Circles
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Isaac Reece
Isaac was born in New York in 1835.
His mothers name is Maria Van Alstyne.
Now my research------
My grandfather Clifford Reece told us our last name should have been
Avery as someone in his ancestry changed their name to go to war.
This Avery was about 13-15.
I have been unable to go any further than Isaac. His death records say his
father was an Isaac Reece also.
Any help would be much appreciated
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I've long been skeptical of the push that some on the left have made to ban hydraulic fracturing of natural gas. From an environmental perspective, I'd much rather have a natural gas-based fuel mix than one based on coal, and in any event, if there is that much money in the ground, people are going to go get it unless you can really show significant environmental damage (on which the jury is still out with fracking).
But that hardly implies anything goes: the central task is to get the regulatory framework right — a task that so far no one seems to have achieved. Now California State Senator Fran Pavley, the author of AB 32 (California's landmark climate change legislation) has put her toe in the water by introducing SB 4, establishing a system for fracking regulation.
The Bill is pretty much an empty shell at this point: essentially it tells the Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) in the Department of Conservation to write some regulations, in consultation with the Air Resources Board (CARB), the State Water Resources Board, and the Department of Toxic Substances Control. That seems to be something like AB 32, which basically told CARB, "Go write some regulations for us."
But I'm not sure that will work with fracking, because the environmental considerations transcend various subject matters. Right now, SB 5 seems most focused on perceived dangers to groundwater, which is why it requires notifications to regional water quality control boards as well as disclosure of hydraulic fracturing fluid (with appropriate trade secret exemptions).
To my mind, however, two other environmental dangers are paramount (or at least equal): 1) the danger of methane leakage; and 2) the possibility that natural gas production will displace not coal but renewables. If methane gets released from fracking, then all of the emissions benefits of natural gas will go up in flames (so to speak). Ditto with renewable displacement. Putting DOGGR in charge of this does not indicate attention to these issues. Now, of course, CARB will be able to consult, but at least this stage the final authority seems to rest with DOGGR. And it is not clear to me that the displacement issue can be handled at the state level, because not very much of California's energy mix currently comes from coal. That's why at least at this stage, it seems to me that federal action will be necessary.
Today, the Senate's Natural Resources Committee held a joint hearing with the Environmental Quality Committee on SB 4, although no reports have emerged yet. But in order to get an effective bill, the Legislature may have to somewhat adjust its focus.


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A penis can be enlarged in two ways: by increasing the length, and increasing the girth (circumference). Increasing the girth of the penis is a more complex procedure. Both procedures can be performed together or in isolation.
This article discusses both procedures but does not discuss phalloplasty for penis construction, as is needed in sexual reassignment surgery.
Penile lengthening surgery will increase only the length of a flaccid penis, not an erect one.
Average penis length is something that is increasingly discussed, often inaccurately. Various scientific studies have shown that the average erect penis length is around 13cm (5 inches). A study done by LifeStyles condoms found that almost all men fall somewhere between an erect length of 10cm (4in) and 18cm (7in), with around 80% of penises shorter than 15.9cm (6.25in).
Flaccid length varies even more and bears almost no correlation to erect length. An apparently small flaccid penis may grow considerably in length and girth when erect, whereas a large flaccid penis, when erect, may not change much in size at all. Various studies have found the average flaccid length to be around 9cm (3.5in).
Between one-third and one-half of the penis is housed inside the body. It is relatively easy to increase the flaccid penis length by cutting the suspensory ligament, which holds the penis close to the pubic bone and supports it during an erection. Through the use of penile weights, this ligament eventually heals in an extended state, with more of the penis hanging outside the body than before. Another method to increase penis length is through liposuction (fat removal) to the pubic area, which simply exposes more of the penis. Unlike the cutting of the suspensory ligament, liposuction to the pubic area can give the impression of a longer erect penis without increasing the structure of the penis through surgery.
Increasing the girth or circumference of the penis is slightly trickier. There are two main techniques: injecting fat into the penis and inserting grafts of tissue and fat, usually taken from the groin or buttock area. This second procedure is called a dermal fat-graft augmentation.
Fat injections were the first technique developed by surgeons and can increase girth up to 50%. The results of this procedure are unpredictable, however, because fat is often reabsorbed into the body. The amount of reabsorbed fat ranges from 25% to 90%. To allow for this reabsorption, surgeons typically inject more fat than is required.
Dermal fat-graft augmentation was developed as a solution to the problems associated with the fat transfer technique. In dermal fat-graft augmentation two strips of tissue are removed, typically from the buttocks, in a place where a scar will not be obvious, e.g. the crease where the leg joins the buttock. These strips are usually about 5cm wide and 12cm long. The tissue is then inserted under the skin of the penis. Fat reabsorption, which is common with fat injections, is mostly avoided using this technique because the tissue has a layer of skin on one side.
Reasons for choosing to have aClick to collapse
penis enlargement
At one time or another, most men have wished their penises were larger. This is not a good reason to have penis enlargement surgery. For some, however, the size of the penis is worrying and leads to poor self-esteem, anxiety or depression. For these men, increasing the girth or the flaccid length of the penis may be worth the risks.
Penises come in various sizes and shapes. Rarely is one so small that it poses an insurmountable problem either urinating or during sexual intercourse.
If you suffer considerably due to the size or shape of your penis, it is worth talking about it with your doctor. This does not necessarily mean you need to have surgery. Learning to accept your penis and not attach your sense of self worth to it may be the most appropriate course of action.
If, however, you have done your research about the risks and have realistic expectations about the outcomes of your surgery, then you may be a good candidate for this procedure.
What to expectClick to expand
Penis enlargement surgery is performed on an outpatient basis. You can go home within a few hours of surgery, after recovering from the effects of anaesthesia. Penis lengthening and penis widening can be performed under local or general anaesthesia. You should discuss these options with your surgeon. The two procedures can be performed together or separately.
Pain after surgery is to be expected, but varies from person to person. Your surgeon will prescribe medication to help with the pain.
Before and after surgeryClick to expand
There are a number of things you can do leading up to any kind of surgery.
You should also be prepared to avoid sex or masturbation for at least six weeks after the procedure.
There are a number of things you can do following any surgery.
Specific things to do after penis enlargement surgery:
- When you wake up in the recovery room, your pubic area will be bandaged. Resist the urge to look under your bandages. Keep them on until you next see your surgeon. You don't want to get an infection by exposing the wound area.
- Keep the dressing dry by washing in the basin, not the shower. It is important to clean the area as directed by your surgeon.
- If you've had a penile lengthening procedure, make sure you wear the penile weights as directed by your surgeon. This ensures the suspensory ligament heals in a position where more of your penis is exposed outside your body.
- Itching is common after surgery. It will resolve as you heal. Your scars may take a full year to fully diminish or disappear. Follow your surgeon's instructions on scar-healing treatments.
- You should expect to be back to most normal activities (excluding sex) about a week after a penis enlargement procedure.
Risks and complicationsClick to expand
As with any surgical procedure there are risks involved in penis enlargement surgery. You should be fully aware of these before you consider surgery.
The best way to reduce risk is to find a fully qualified surgeon with formal training in penis enlargement who has a lot of experience with the procedure.
Make sure you familiarise yourself with the list of complications that could arise as a result of any surgery
Specific complications that may occur after penis enlargement surgery:
- The penis is sensitive, and the risk of a permanent reduction or loss of sensitivity should be taken seriously and discussed with your surgeon.
- As was explained at the beginning of this article, fat transfers are often reabsorbed into the body, causing patients to be unhappy with the results. Fat can also be reabsorbed at different rates in different places, resulting in a lumpy or irregularly shaped penis.
- Dermal grafts require a donor site. Thin men may not have any potential sites at all. The scar may become almost invisible, but scarring is unpredictable and may be obvious.
- An uneven appearance to the penis as a result of fat necrosis (fat cell death) is possible and may need to be corrected with further surgery.
How much does penis enlargement surgery cost?Click to expand
- Costs for this surgery range from between $5,000 and $15,000 AUD
- Depends on the procedure chosen (e.g. lengthening or widening)
- The techniques used impacts the cost.
- The surgeon you choose also impacts the cost.
- These amounts include the surgeon's fee, assistant's fee, theatre fee, hospital fee and anaesthetist's fee, as well as follow up visits with your doctor.
The total costs for this surgery range from between $5,000 and $15,000 AUD, depending on the procedure chosen (lengthening, widening, liposuction or any combination of these), the techniques used and the surgeon. These amounts include the surgeon's fee, assistant's fee, theatre fee, hospital fee and anaesthetist's fee, as well as follow up visits with your doctor.
You may be entitled to rebates from both Medicare and your private health fund if the treatment is not deemed to be purely cosmetic. The full cost including possible rebates should be discussed with your doctor.
You should expect the costs to be higher if you are having combined procedures at the same time.
This information is correct as of 2019.
Join the Conversation
Anyone recommend a surgeon in Perth for Penile Lengthening?
Do you increase the erect length?
The information is super helpful. I live in Sydney and I have been thinking to get the procedure done for at least the last 2 years.
Do you recommend any good doctors here in Sydney. Also, thinking about the price do you recommend any doctors overseas let's say Thailand or USA.
Hi I would like to do both lengthening and widening how much it will cost ?
Hi Sam, just wondering if you got any updates on this?
I am trying to find a Doctor in Sydney too I would like to have a consultation.
i want
i leave in brisben iwant see doctor pleas t
I would like a penis enlargement, increasing the length. Has anyone experienced any bad side effects? New Zealand
Any recommence a good surgeon for penis enlargement operation in Melbourne? Would you like to email them to me please!!!
Can anyone recommend a good surgeon in Perth for penis enlargement????
Any Recommendations for surgeon in Perth W.A.
I am looking all the doctors in nsw that do penis enlargement surgery, could you please email them to me thank you.
It says the suspensory ligament supports during. Is the support lost once it's cut? I can't picture the end result, and I don't fancy googling it. Lol
Excellent write-up. I absolutely love this site. Continue the good work! VERY NICE…Thanks.
Thanks.. I was ashamed of my small size.. good to know I can get the whole business sorted.. can someone reply to my email so I know where to go from here. Regards dan
Im interested in if any doctors tried approve botox for temporary penis scrotum lengthening non invasive after ive seen research online. I would be interested in this as I had a urological procedure and subsequently I have very short tight resting penis and scrotum bunched all the time. Everything works as such erection etc but its very uncomfortable and wear cock rings a lot but wish didnt have too even if have to come back regurlarly. I do not want to go through another operation. Im in melbourne victoria regards
Hi Graham,
I'd love to discuss with further about your situation…please contact me at your earliest convenience.
Hi there, i've read up on the optional surgery regarding length and girth, i'm not sure if my questions have already been answered, but can you tell me exactly how much long or in inches the penis can be lengthened? and from a penis lengthening can there be heavy scars and loss of sensation.?
Does anyone know who does repair of the penile suspensory ligament??
Hey peeps,
Just woundering I feel so swlf conscious about thr size of my penis when its soft, its about 4cm soft and nothing hangs out. I want to feel comfortable and not be worried what they are going to say when I get changed in the gym room or at the pools… Its about 10-12cm hard and would like to get the length procedure done on my penis I feel so down all the time when I get a boyfriend or I hookup with a guy and their dicks are bigger then mine soft… It really makes me feel low all the time… I would like to feel happy and not depression & disappointed with nothing hanging out just my knob and couple cms pokes out.. :/ any place in perth and how do you say to your GP to get it funded or rebate back into your account? Keep me posted cheers the girth is fine from nothing goes to a hand grip length if you hold a spoon if you get where im coming from…? :/ thanks talk soon xo Luke
can u tell a good surgoen for phalloplasty in india and how must amout would be need for the surgury
hi i have an erect penis of under 3 inches and in flacid state its just skin hanging out about an inch with the actual hard part of the penis(dont know what its called) stuck inside. I was wondering what kind of procedures are recommended to increase the length and how much increase can i expect?
Hi there can any one tell me approx cost for demal fat graft and lengthening and wether or not it's worth it I have 7.5 cut and hard would like another 2 or 3 inches and would like to widen it like a red bull can is this possible
Hello thank you for your enquiry. It is difficult to obtain extra length with penis enlargement, generally it is minimal amount of extra length but considerably more width.
Costs for Phalloplasty including surgeons fees, hospital stay etc. are usually around 15K. I recommend you visit a doctor in your state as usually a 3-4 day hospital stay is required.
Can anyone recommend a good surgeon in Melbourne for Phalloplasty?
Hi, i was just wondering how much a normal length surgery would cost?
I was interested in an operation to lengthen the penis size and would like to inform me of some aspects such as how many centimeters can be increased, if it is dangerous …
Thanks in advance. A greeting.
Hi Ben,
Given you had the surgery such a short time ago, I would contact your surgeon with these questions. It's really important to follow your surgeons instructions to the word as they will have thorough knowledge of how much time you need to recover based on the extent of your surgery.
Generally, 6 weeks is given as the recovery time to ensure all incisions heal properly. You may well be able to use your penis sooner but this is a question for your surgeon.
Regarding the lumps you've found, I would also contact your surgeon about this immediately and request a post-operative visit to ensure that your body is healing correctly.
Best wishes for a speedy recovery Ben!
I wanted to follow up on comment about fat injections clumping up.
Ben, what did you doctor say? I spoke with mine and he mentioned I should wear the extender and through time it will fade (clumping will go down)?
I had surgery about 3 weeks ago and half clumping but feel like nothing will help. I might just be over thinking this or impatient but am worried it is PERMANENT…despite what the doctors has said.
I just wanted to get your thoughts Ben and Costhetics…
Hi i have recently had a width and length surgery done on my penis, the surgery was done 2 and a half weeks ago now i had a couple questions.
1. if i feel comfortable enough to masterbate can i? and why are we given a 6 week guide not to?
2. i had liposuction and then the fat injected into my penis and it has caused lumps, even though it's only been just over 2 weeks will these lumps eventually absorb over time?
Thank you.
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text:
Monday, March 22
Make a wish with Carrie!
19-year-old Carrie lives in London with her boyfriend, Miguel. Here, she studies fashion and writes the wonderful wishwishwish! Visiting her blog is like opening an antique wardrobe, filled with beautiful clothes and vintage suitcases. You'll always leave feeling happy and inspired! Join us as we chat over email and cupcakes...
Hi Carrie, how are you?
I'm great, thanks for asking!
What did you get up to today?
Well, i've only just woken up so my day has just begun, but I can tell you my plans instead! I'm going to have a shower, then make my way into town to post some items I sold on eBay and if all goes well, take some pictures for my blog and come home and upload them! Nothing too exciting i'm afraid, i'm looking forward to relaxing a bit.
You're studying Fashion Design, Styling & Promotion. How's that going?
It's great fun, but far more work than i'm used to. It's a shame as it means that my blog takes a backseat as on average I have around 3-4 assignments on the go at any one time. Despite the tight deadlines, I have a good time - we do things like creating magazine pages, styling photoshoots and producing fashion shows.
What do you want to do when your studies wrap?
I'm still unsure. My course gives huge scope for working in different areas of fashion, so i'm just experimenting at the moment and seeing what I like and what I don't (for example, styling is a definate no-no!). I think i'd enjoy something online based, i'm a geek at heart!
You're as cute as a button, sweet. How would you describe your personal style?
I always find it so difficult answering this question - my personal style is changing all the time, believe it or not. I suppose everyone would assume I love polkadots and peter pan collars, which is true, but i'm trying to experiment a little more - i'm only 19, so I have a lifetime to perfect it!
Have you always had a flair for fashion?
It has only been over the past few years that i've really been interested in what is happening on the catwalks, but I suppose i've always been conscious of what I wore. Even if that meant band t-shirts, ripped jeans and studs (yes! I went through that phase!), I still wanted to look good. So, the interest has always been there, but perhaps I just had to practice getting it right!
Your blog is such a lovely, cosy spot on the web. How has it evolved since it's beginning in May '08?
Wow, I can't believe it was that long ago! When I started the blog, I never imagined the opportunities it would bring me, or the praise I would receive from my readers. It started out as a personal diary, I didn't know much about fashion in the truest sense of the word, but writing about what I liked was very important to me - and it still is!
Once a blog reaches a certain level of success, it is very easy for the writer to get caught up in the PR emails and events tailored towards them writing about it afterwards, but then you get a series of blogs that are writing about the same things and perhaps only because they got something for free - and that's such a shame because you lose the reason you were writing the blog in the first place. In my case, my blog is a diary of my personal style and taste, with a bit of "what I got up to today" thrown in for good measure, and I want it to stay that way!
Is there anything you wish you'd known about blogging then that you know now?
About how much time it takes! At college it was far easier for me to scour the internet for inspiration or go out and take pictures, but now I have less time it's proving difficult to write regular posts, which really upsets me as my blog is one of my most prized possessions and i'd hate to think i'm neglecting it! Readers can come to rely on your posts and i'm not a huge fan of negative comments.
You're a marvellous photographer, Carrie! How do you go about shooting your pics? Any tips or tricks you wouldn't mind sharing?
Thank you! I have never had any sort of training in photography, the secret is in my camera and lens, and perhaps a good eye! I take lots and lots of photos and only the best get put on my blog, of course, a little bit of editing never goes amiss - it can turn a dull image into something more exciting. It's all about practise!
You recently moved into a new home with your boyfriend, Miguel. Can you describe it for us please!
I'm still in the process of making the new house my own, only yesterday I put up an "inspiration line" in the office for me to hang up my favourite pictures. It's in the early stages but it's fabulous to be living somewhere as a student that has plenty of room - I even get half of our large office space and my own bathroom - it's a luxury! Of course, i'll post lots and lots of pictures as soon as it's looking beautiful.
If I could build you a walk-in wardrobe, how would you like it to look and feel?
Well, i'm a Virgo so I like to be organised, but at the same time a bit of familiar old clutter puts a smile on my face - I love having my little trinkets everywhere I go to spend time. So, my walk-in wardrobe would perhaps have the look and feel of a small vintage boutique, with rails for all of my clothes and inventive ways to store my shoes, there would be old pictures to inspire my outfits all over the walls. Of course, I would need special hangers just for all of my berets! And i've always fancied a chaise longue...
How long have and Miguel been together? Is he as passionate about aesthetics as you are?
Myself and Miguel have been together 4 years in July. Such a long time! We got together when I was 15, so i've nearly been with him a quarter of my life..that's so strange! He's very passionate about aesthetics, as he is studying Digital Animation, and is a keen photographer too. We're very well matched!
That's lovely! Now, back to clothes. What are the absolute cant-do-without pieces in your wardrobe?
This is another toughie! I'm just taking a peek now at my clothing rail, and my favourite pieces have to be my APC Playsuit (it's so comfy!), my velvet dress with a peter pan collar, my new denim dungarees and my never ending supply of striped t-shirts.
What will we never see you wearing?
I know it's the most obvious answer...but Ugg boots. I STILL see them everywhere when I go out and I just don't understand the obsession! Also, leggings, i'm not a big fan!
If I had one day to cram in some London shopping, where would you suggest I go?
Spend your morning on Columbia Road and take a look inside the design shops and vintage boutiques, stop off for a cake at Treacle, and don't forget to buy some flowers from the market before you leave! Now, take a walk along to Brick Lane and scour all the vintage shops, don't miss Luna and Curious either. See if you can find anything interesting amongst the clothing people are selling along the pavements, but before you catch the tube take a look inside Shelf on Cheshire Street and buy some stationary!
Now we're going to head into central London to grab a few last minute purchases - spend an hour or so in the independant boutiques around carnaby street, for example, Dahlia, and make your way to Libertys, the most beautiful department store, where you'll find yourself coveting designer pieces..but of course, you've already spent all of your money..!
What would you pack for a Safari Holiday?
First and foremost, lots and lots of books! No doubt i'd have plenty of other things to see, but I never find the time to read anymore so i'd make full use of the opportunity. As for clothing, I tend to struggle in a warmer climate, but lots of floaty summer dresses and shorts to pair with my striped t-shirts! And i'd need a beautiful vintage suitcase to fit it all in, too!
Alrighty, I'll let you go now but before I do, just one last question. What are you wishwishwishing for right now!?
That's easy, plain and simple - the summer!
I hope summer hurries on up, Carrie! Thanks so much for popping into Glossary. If you're a fan of Carrie's, I'd love to meet you too! Please feel free to say hi in a comment below and tell me about your blog if you have one. If you'd like to carrie on, you can visit her here! x
28 comments:
- Linn said...
Nice interview. Your blog is great - because it´s both a lot of inspiration to read what you think and post, and it´s a lot of inspiration to find all these other blogs to read! :)
- March 22, 2010 at 11:17 AM
- Lauren said...
Such a wonderful compliment Linn, thank you so much. I write the blog because I love it but hearing that makes it feel so worthwhile:) x
- March 22, 2010 at 11:28 AM
- Emma-Jane said...
flip! i need to save more money for London. That day of shopping in London sounds so lovely! nice interview. nice find!
- March 22, 2010 at 2:12 PM
- Lauren said...
It sure does, hey Em! You are going to have the BEST time. x
- March 23, 2010 at 2:35 PM
- Lady Times said...
- March 23, 2010 at 4:33 PM
- Cupcake Couture said...
So young and already so assured of what she likes. Mmmm - sure I wasn't that cool at 19 :-) Good work on your side with compiling the photos...very effective and delivers a perfect peep into her life. x
- March 23, 2010 at 7:34 PM
- PinkBow said...
i love carrie's blog :) & another great interview lauren, i find these so interesting.
- March 24, 2010 at 9:50 PM
- Lauren said...
Thanks Nads:) I know, when I think of how I dressed at 19, I shudder, I really do, haha! I bet you were super stylish though. Thanks so much Paula, I love hearing from you. x
- March 24, 2010 at 9:55 PM
- drummbellina said...
Yay! I love Carries blog, these were really interesting questions!
My own blog is at http://drummbellina.typepad.com since you ask :) I'll be sure to have a look through the rest of this one!
- March 25, 2010 at 12:43 PM
- Helen said...
Aww this was a great interview! I love Carrie's blog. I wish I'd been so stylish at 19! <3
- March 25, 2010 at 12:45 PM
- Polly said...
I love this interview! Carrie's is one of my favourite blogs and I really enjoyed reading her answers x
- March 25, 2010 at 2:39 PM
- Mariah said...
Such a lovely interview. I simply love Carrie and her blog. SO inspiring!
- March 25, 2010 at 3:15 PM
- Olivia@gonewiththefashion said...
Hi Lauren - just clicked through to your blog from Carrie's and she was right, a lovely interview! Looking forward to reading the rest of your blog. It's true what Carrie says about blogs becoming the same as they get more visitors - a good reminder for people to make a blog for themselves and not for what you hope it to bring I suppose! :) xx
- March 25, 2010 at 4:41 PM
- amanda james said...
great interview. i was "send" here through carries blog. i didn't had such taste in fashion when i was 19. and i am still struggeling with it...
- March 25, 2010 at 5:04 PM
- Ella said...
Hey :) I just had a look at your blog, because I saw Carrie's post about it, and I really love it! It's so adorable <3 and it's nice to hear from bloggers who live somewhere different fom you.
Ella xoxo
- March 25, 2010 at 6:59 PM
- Lauren said...
Thank you for your lovely comments everyone! I'm so chuffed you enjoyed the interview. It's wonderful to meet you all and I can't wait to check out all your blogs. x
- March 25, 2010 at 7:14 PM
- Daisy said...
Such a lovely interview!
- March 25, 2010 at 7:44 PM
- Thecraftycurrant said...
What a fab interview and a lovely glimpse into Carrie's world. I read her blog a lot and it see to hear a little bit more about the person behind the prose. A never realised how much time and preparation when into each post until I started my own. I always feel a sense of duty to my readers to make it look it's best. I am glad to read that everyone feels the same x
- March 26, 2010 at 8:33 AM
- Mo said...
great interview !! Carrie is awesome !
- March 26, 2010 at 8:41 AM
- Roberta said...
Yes, I love Carrie, she's simply fabolous...I would like t o meet her once just to see if is really as a I imagne her.
- March 26, 2010 at 4:53 PM
- amyyyyy. said...
What a lovely interview! I'm such a fan of Carrie and her blog, it's certainly my favourite and I'm always checking for her new posts. Such an inspiration! :)
- March 27, 2010 at 1:03 PM
- cinja said...
nice interview. now i fell in love with carrie =)
- March 28, 2010 at 12:27 AM
Nice interview. Carrie's blog is one my favourites. She's so inspiring! I seriously recommened it alot of the people I speak to about blogs!
I must say i'm enjoying reading your blog, it's saved in my favourites! :)
- March 28, 2010 at 5:20 PM
- Lauren said...
Thank you so much!
- March 28, 2010 at 5:36 PM
- Fayoona said...
carrie is one of the sweetest and fun people around. and miguel is also lovely. this interview is great (along with your blog)and will be reading from now on.
love from fiona
- March 30, 2010 at 4:11 PM
- yoli said...
nice interview, I love her blog... and you have a nice blog too!
- March 31, 2010 at 2:56 PM
- Lauren said...
Thanks Fayoona and Yoli! Carrie is wonderful, hey. x
- April 3, 2010 at 4:46 PM
this carrie is so profound. I'm her age but can learn so much from her viewing of the world.
Also admire her constancy, she is loyal to herself.
- September 17, 2010 at 5:08 PM


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This is certainly something we call a geeky gadget. Imagine taking your video game controller in the shower with you. This could happen, because these game controller soaps definitely look extremely realistic and might be mistaken for the real deal or the other way around. There are several different options to choose from including Super Nintendo, Nintendo, Sega Genesis, Playstation, and Xbox. All are available at Firebox.
Check out some gamer soaps in the pics above.
- Source: hiconsumption


text:
Where do you turn when your partner double-crosses you? Who do you tell when the plan goes south and the money goes missing? The only people you can trust: your Twitter followers. Unless!
The rest of this week's top comedy videos, including a Photoshop rap, an awkward closet interview, and Penis County, USA can be found over at Splitsider.
Other highlights from the week in comedy:
-We revisited and defended David Letterman's notorious 1995 Oscar hosting performance.
-An audience member admitted to raping someone in a monologue at the UCB Theatre's Del Close Marathon, and we talked about what comedy's responsibility is to such awfulness.
-We talked to the Campaign Legal Center about what the Colbert Super PAC means for the future of campaign fundraising and advertising.
-Our road trip with Kyle Kinane came to an end.
-Jimmy Fallon's upcoming SNL hosting gig was eerily predicted nearly to the day on a 1998 episode.
-We looked at the wonderful movies of Commedia all'italiana.
-We gathered up the 11 R-rated comedies to rank in the top five at the box office.
-We looked at the lost roles of Paul Rudd.
-We looked at the best two-part sitcom episodes out there.
-We gathered up some recent scientific studies on how comedy works.
-We looked at the SNL contributions of Anthony Michael Hall.
-We examined the role that comic novels have in today's comedy world.
Splitsider is a website about comedy and the people who create it. It covers movies, TV shows, web videos, books and any other format that exists to make you laugh.


text:
Natalie Neysa Alund
OAKLAND — The Jeep Cherokee whose driver was killed in a collision with another vehicle Monday morning had been stolen a few moments earlier from an East Oakland repair shop, police said Tuesday.
The driver of the vehicle stole the 1994 Jeep Grand Cherokee from a repair shop in the 6800 block of Foothill Boulevard then crashed the SUV about 11:30 a.m., police said. The woman's name, age and city of residence has not been released, but police on Tuesday said they believe she is known in the Fruitvale area.
The woman was driving east about 11:28 a.m. in the 3600 block of Foothill Boulevard in the stolen Jeep when police say she swerved to avoid hitting something in the road; police don't yet know what she was trying to avoid.
The woman veered into the westbound lane and collided with a 1994 Honda Civic, causing the Jeep to flip onto its roof, police said. She was pronounced dead at the scene.
The driver in the other car, a 41-year-old Oakland woman, was taken to a hospital with minor injuries and was expected to survive.
Foothill Boulevard was shut down in both directions during the investigation.
Anyone who witnessed the collision is asked to call police at 510-750-6594.
Contact Harry Harris at 510-208-6443. Follow him at Twitter.com/HarryHarris15. Contact Natalie Neysa Alund at 510-293-2469. Follow her at Twitter.com/nataliealund.


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Toast to the Aftermath Our angels have traded their binoculars for krugerrands. They send their regrets along with brochures from islands where the dollar still buys luck. Our keepsakes packed in knapsacks, we recite conspiracy theories by heart, migrating under the cover of trees. Collect warnings like family recipes and hide them in the grass….
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Featuring: This issue features works of poetry, flash fiction, short nonfiction, and photography by William Aarnes, Anne Casey, Suzanne Cody, William Doreski, Katy E. Ellis, Kim Farleigh, Rosalind Goldsmith, James Grabill, Greg Headley, Tara Hun-Dorris, Jerry T Johnson, Erin Kae, Ashton Kamburoff, Candice Kelsey, Delaney Kochan, Kasandra S. Larsen, Catherine Roberts Leach, Kathy McConnell, Scott McDaniel, Allen Plone, Arthur Plotnik, Andy Posner, Big Rand, Mary C. Rowin, Joanell Serra, John Sierpinski, Dave Sims, Haydée Touitou, Tony Tracy, Viviane Vives, Joel Wayne, Tara Stillions Whitehead, Nan Wigington, Mike Wilson.


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You must have Flash installed on your computer in order to view this course. This will not play on mobile devices. Sorry for the inconvenience.
This free online business workshop will help you understand why a market analysis is necessary for your business and provide instruction on how to conduct your research. It will also provide case studies to help you start your analysis today.


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Made of tough, rot-resistant polypropylene, the 3/4" wide ribbon-like material is flat-woven with rounded edges to provide a wide, smooth bearing surface that won't abrade or cut into surfaces.
The tape is also supple, making it easy to tie and untie – knots won't jam after loading.
Supplied in a 100' roll, the weave is strong (900 lb break strength) and lock-stitched to prevent fraying or unravelling when cut. One of our favorites, it comes well tested and recommended.
Made in USA.


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- Publish date:
- Updated on
- Year
- 1863
Grant moves on Jackson, Mississippi
Union General Ulysses S. Grant advances toward the Mississippi capital of Jackson during his bold and daring drive to take Vicksburg, the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. In April, Grant had moved his troops down the Mississippi River and around the Vicksburg defenses, landing south of the city before moving east into the interior of Mississippi. He intended to approach Vicksburg from the east to avoid the strong Confederate defenses on the riverfront.
Grant, however, had to contend with two Rebel forces. John C. Pemberton had an army defending Vicksburg, and Joseph Johnston was mustering troops in Jackson, 40 miles east of Vicksburg. Grant's advance placed him between the two Southern commands. He planned to strike Johnston in Jackson, defeat him, and then focus on Vicksburg when the threat to his rear was eliminated.
On May 12, Grant's troops encountered a Rebel force at Raymond, Mississippi, which they easily defeated. The following day, he divided his force at Raymond, just 15 miles from Jackson, and sent two corps under William T. Sherman and James McPherson to drive the Confederates under Johnston out of Jackson, which they did by May 14. Grant also sent John McClernand's corps west to close in on Pemberton in Vicksburg. A few days later, on May 16, Grant defeated Pemberton at Champion's Hill and drove the Rebels back into Vicksburg. With the threat from the east neutralized, Grant sealed Vicksburg shut and laid siege to the city. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, and the Confederacy was severed in two.


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About mematematica
"We all want every citizen to be able to have their voice heard, but not at the cost of massive security risks."
Something inside me cried in agony the moment I read this sentence on a techdirt post.
The Associated Press video is viewable from a German IP at the moment.
Yes, it's called IMPI (Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial) and it's an arm of the secretary of commerce, which its in turn dependent of the president. All of those are the executive branch.
Just to add to the conversation, here I post the exchange I had via public twitter with GEMA yesterday, soon after hearing the "Sita sings the blues" status from Nina.
Disclaimer: I'm Mexican, I live in Germany, I suffer GEMA on a daily basis.
From @Mematematica
Hey @GEMAdialog can you pls clarify this? ich verstehe nicht MT @ninapaley #GEMA censored my movie in Germany! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpTPTQ3e0Jg&feature=share
From @GEMAdialog
@Mematematica @ninapaley GEMA did not "censor" nor initiate a blocking of your video. Please contact @Youtube about this.
From @Mematematica
@GEMAdialog @ninapaley @Youtube Vielen Dank für Ihre Antwort. May I inquire also about the blocked @playing4change video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55s3T7VRQSc
From @GEMAdialog
@Mematematica Only twelve musical works are affected, so it is more than likely that this video was not blocked by GEMA as well.
From @GEMAdialog
"Sita sings the Blues": Sperrung nicht von #GEMA veranlasst http://netzpolitik.org/2011/gema-zensiert-meinen-film-in-deutschland/#comment-429754 #Youtube
Now, I have not located any GEMA statements about this "twelve musical works" (Other than that twitt) in english (my german sucks). So I'm at a loss here about GEMA stand (We all know Youtube's one). I will ask again tomorrow, see if I get an answer.
What? The hypoallergenic cat is a LIE
In case you sincerely care:
You express that .com is being used in a bad way (the ICE takedowns and intent to continue)
Neither Mike nor any other poster I read here is saying that the .com tld is being used the wrong way. I believe the intention and meaning behind Mike and other Americans here posting is about saving the .com tld, not boycott it.
Why would it need to be saved?
Well, I'm not an US-American and I will certainly avoid .com .net and such, don't want to be liable in the US for something legal in my country. (Same apply to the use of any other US company not only VeriSign, but that's another story) Non US residents will most probably do the same, and so .com will be the playground of US and US alone.
I, of course, do not care about that scenario, It's not my country economy (and legitimacy) suffering. If US wants to disconnect itself from the world, good for them, they can play withing their own net.
I believe some US residents are quite fearful of that scenario (they are right to be), and that's what they intend to prevent, not boycotting .com but saving it from the actions of a few misguided government agencies.
In Mexico the parliament have been using Hadopi as an example of fine law making (without mentioning all the controversy around it) to go for a 3strikes internet law in the nation. The intention on the ruling was then withdrew due to objections from the mexican internet community. I guess our 'diputados' (MP's) have starting to realize the impact of the mouth to mouth bad/good publicity provided by the internet voters. This possible bad publicity weighed more in the withdrew than the actual arguments given to illustrate how terrible this law was.


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Author Notes: How do we create recipes? Here's how: Merrill reads The Dirty Life, in which the author, Kristin Kimball, mentions a dish of peas, milk, butter, salt and pepper. I'd been wanting to recreate wasabi peas; nothing would deter me. Merrill convinces me to make the milk peas as back-up. She's very sensible, that Merrill.
I attempt the wasabi peas. Turns out that when you deep-fry peas, they turn into jet-propelled firebombs. The wasabi peas are a miserable failure. (Although my wood floor does get a nice oiling out of it.)
Milk peas it will be! I consult with Merrill about the amount of milk (just enough to barely cover the peas, we decide), about the butter (do a pat, don't measure!), whether or not to add lemon zest (yes). I scribble down a few notes. The peas are simmered in the milk, spooned into a bowl, topped with enough milk to pool around the base, then seasoned with salt, pepper, and lemon zest, and crowned with a sliver of butter.
Thus, milk peas, a dish evocative of the days when a pat of butter solved everything, are born.
—Amanda Hesser
Serves: 4
2 1/2
cups fresh peas
1 1/2
cups whole milk
4 pats unsalted butter
Freshly grated zest of 1/2 lemon
Freshly ground black pepper
- Put the peas in a medium saucepan and pour over enough milk to barely cover the peas. Add a large pinch of salt. Set over medium heat and bring to a simmer -- keep an eye on it, milk loves boiling over! Simmer until the peas are just tender.
- Spoon the peas into a serving bowl (or 4 small bowls), adding enough milk to pool in the base of the bowl. Season with the salt, lemon zest, and pepper. Top with the butter pats.
- This recipe is a Community Pick!
More Great Recipes:
Pea|Vegetable|Milk/Cream|One-Pot Wonders|Spring|Gluten-Free|Side


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30 in 30: Whole new world in Vancouverby Mike Battaglino
There is only one Vancouver Canucks player who knows firsthand what a season with coach John Tortorella is like.
Chris Higgins, take it away:
"He wants your compete level to be 100 percent at all times when you're on the ice. He wants to play his best players. He wants his best players to be his best players night after night, and a lot of pressure falls on them. But the main thing he wants out of all his players is their compete level to be the highest it can be."
Initiation begins at training camp.
"He runs a pretty high-intensity camp, so I think make sure you're in shape is step No. 1. Then it's all about the process. Throughout training camp he's going to build you up every day, he's going to make you work a little bit harder, and implement his style a little bit more every day, and I think you just have to be open every day to incorporating those little lessons he puts in to your workout."
It's a brand new world for the Canucks, who in 2013-14 head into a different division being schooled by Mr. Tortorella instead of player-friendly Alain Vigneault, fired in May after seven seasons.
Tortorella, a 2004 Stanley Cup winner with the Tampa Bay Lightning and for parts of five seasons coach of the New York Rangers, admits to knowing little about the players he's inheriting, other than Higgins, whom he coached for one season in New York.
"I won't know them, they won't know me, until we get in that room and we start camp," Tortorella said. "That's where the interaction happens, that's where the coaching happens, that's where maybe sometimes there's conflict that comes into play and you find out about one another through some conflict, which is a very healthy thing in our game. … Where there's conflict there's honesty. I think that's when you start finding out about one another.
"So I'm trying to learn, but there's no better learning than being in a coach's uniform, them on the ice, and going through what you do each and every day getting ready to be a competitive hockey club."
There's no arguing the Canucks have been competitive for quite some time, with a points percentage of .623 since 2002-03. Vancouver won the Presidents' Trophy back-to-back in 2011 and 2012, has won five straight division titles, and finished with at least 100 points four seasons in a row (and seven of nine) prior to last season, when the Canucks were 26-15-7 and the third seed in the Western Conference.
But since taking a 2-0 lead in the 2011 Stanley Cup Final against the Boston Bruins, the Canucks are 2-12 in the playoffs, and were swept last season in the first round by the San Jose Sharks, costing Vigneault his job.
It seems the team -- and its fans -- have yet to recover from a 4-0 home loss to the Bruins in Game 7 of the Final two years ago.
"Everyone changed after that seventh game," general manager Mike Gillis said this summer. "What happened in the city changed us, what we felt about the way the series was played changed all of us, and it's taken a while to come back."
Tortorella was hired to provide tough love. The coach wants his team to be as difficult on its opponents as he sometimes can be with the media.
"I think we need some more bite," Tortorella said. "I think the attitude of just being a stiffer team is going to come to the forefront as we try to build this to get it to another level."
It will be an interesting transformation to watch. Making the media rounds after he was hired, Tortorella sent the message that he would ask more from each player, mentioning all-star forwards Henrik Sedin and Daniel Sedin every time.
"I know he's honest, he's going to treat everyone the same way," Henrik said. "… I don't think it matters if you're 35 or you're 19, you can have expectations to perform, and those might be different for different guys, but you're going to be held accountable if you don't play the way you can, and I think that's good."
Tortorella also brings a reputation as defensive-minded with him from New York, though that wasn't his primary focus while in Tampa Bay.
"We want to go," Tortorella said of the pace he wants to play. "I think I've been kind of coined as a defensive coach because we didn't score a lot of goals in New York. I kind of argue with that. It's tough to score goals, period, in this League for a lot of teams. But we certainly want to be aggressive."
He'll find his new team has fewer top-level scoring options than the Rangers had. Henrik Sedin led last season's Canucks with 45 points in 48 games, and Daniel Sedin was next with 40. No other player had more than 27 (Jannik Hansen). The top-scoring defenseman was Dan Hamhuis with 24 points.
After ranking second in goals in 2009-10, leading the League in goals in 2010-11, then finishing fifth in 2011-12, the Canucks were 19th last season, with 122 goals -- four fewer than the Rangers.
"We want to play a hard, in-your-face style, but we're always looking to try to create some offense," Tortorella said. "We're going to go about our business that way."
Tortorella most likely won't have a goalie controversy to navigate, now that Roberto Luongo again is the team's No. 1 following the draft-day trade of Cory Schneider to the New Jersey Devils.
Tortorella, Gillis and team owner Francesco Aquilini each reportedly made separate trips to visit Luongo and smooth over any hard feelings, but the 34-year-old goalie publicly has been quiet and hired new representation even though he has nine years and more than $47 million remaining on his contract.
Additions: F Benn Ferriero, F Brad Richardson, F Mike Santorelli, D Yannick Weber
Subtractions: C Andrew Ebbett, C Maxim Lapierre, RW Steven Pinizzotto, C Derek Roy, G Cory Schneider
UFAs: D Andrew Alberts, D Cam Barker, C Manny Malhotra, LW Mason Raymond
Promotion candidates: D Frank Corrado, C Brendan Gaunce, LW Nicklas Jensen, G Eddie Lack
"We had a really good conversation," Gillis said. "From the outset, Roberto is a consummate professional, he's a great goaltender, and what happened could have been the result all the way through. … At the end of the day we had to make a choice, and we made the choice to go with Roberto."
Thirteen Canucks who appeared in at least 30 games last season return, with the top eight older than 26. That does not include forward Ryan Kesler, 28, who was limited to 17 games by injuries to his shoulder, wrist and foot.
Gillis added free-agent forwards Brad Richardson and Mike Santorelli, and defenseman Yannick Weber, leaving a few spots open for prospects. Forward Bo Horvat, taken with the No. 9 pick acquired in the Schneider trade, is a possibility, as are forwards Nicklas Jensen and Brendan Gaunce.
"One of the reasons that [Tortorella] was so appealing for me as a head coach is young players have thrived in New York," Gillis said. "And we need to have young players in our lineup. Now whether Bo's ready, we'll find out."
Rather than tear down the roster and start a rebuild, Gillis opted for a veteran coach he hopes can lead an experienced team on another postseason run or two.
"I'm not prepared at this point to break up a core group of players that I think are really solid players and really solid people," Gillis said. "I think they deserve another opportunity, and with [Tortorella] here I'm really excited about what he's going to bring to this team and this organization.
"When I talk about a reset for us, this is the reset, right here. And I am very, very confident that we are headed in a new direction with a new voice, and I'm excited about it."
For all 30 in 30 stories go to NHL.com/30in30stories and for the full 30 in 30 schedule visit NHL.com/30in30.


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A stasis box was a relic from the ancient Slaver civilization. A type of storage unit, the box generates a field which holds its contents in a state of perfect stasis. Nothing, not even time, can penetrate an operable stasis box. While exceedingly rare, these relics often contain artifacts from the Slaver civilization. (TAS: "The Slaver Weapon").
A stasis box glows when it is near (within a few light years of) another stasis box. This makes the stasis box the only known detector of stasis boxes.
Items found in stasis boxesEdit
- A flying belt, the basis for artificial gravity technology used on starships
- A disruptor bomb, with the pin pulled
- A picture of a Slaver
- A cut of meat, over a billion years old, but still fresh (although the meat was from a species poisonous to Humans and Kzinti)
- A multi-use device
Like many elements from "The Slaver Weapon", the stasis box was a prior invention of science fiction author Larry Niven and appears in his other works.
External linkEdit
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