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EVOC Instructor- Basic, Course #2021
Course Description
Upon successful completion of this course, participants will be able to: Conduct commentary drives and remedial driver training; Instruct students in the laws of physics relating to vehicle motions, which affects vehicle operation; and Identify common driving errors, improper attitudes and unsafe driving techniques. Student will use other driving equipment such "Skid Car", "Skid Monster", PIT and Night drives. Students will receive a certificate of completion from the Washington State Criminal Justice Training Commission. Any necessary lodging and meal arrangements, and the costs incurred thereby, will be the responsibility of the applicant and/or their agency.
Equipment needs:
Optional Items:
Prerequisite: Yes; successful completion of Instructor Development (CJTC 2001).
Dress Code & Identification:
Cost: To be determined
Cancellation/ No Show:
*Is this class full or not available? Please complete the Course Interest Survey. Please Note: This is not a waiting list. You will not be contacted by WSCJTC unless there is enough interest to generate a class being scheduled. At that time we will contact everyone that has shown interest so that applications can be submitted.
Rev May 2019


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Administrative Resource
This page is intended to address the most common questions related to education requirements in Washington state.
Please refer to the legislation links for the full law, which direct you to the
Washington State Legislature.
Attendance Requirements
By what age is it mandatory that a child be enrolled in school?
Any child 8 years of age and under 18 years of age shall attend a public school.
Between what ages is a school district required to enroll a student?
It is the general policy of the state that the common schools shall be open to the admission of all persons who are 5 years of age and less than 21 years residing in that school district.
How many days are in a school year?
Each school district shall conduct a school year of no less than 180 school days in such grades as are conducted by the school district, and 180 half-days of instruction, or the equivalent, in kindergarten.
How many instructional hours per year is the school district required to offer?
District-wide annual average 1,000 hours in grades 1-8 and 1,080 hours in grades
9-12, which may be calculated as a district-wide average in grades 1-12 (1,027
hours). In kindergarten, at least 450 instructional hours, which shall be
increased to at least 1,000 instructional hours according to the implementation
schedule under
What is an unexcused absence?
Unexcused absence means that a child has failed to attend the majority of hours or periods in an average school day or has failed to comply with a more restrictive school district policy; and has failed to meet the school district's policy for excused absences.
What is the school required to do if a child fails to attend school?
Inform the child's custodial parent, parents, or guardian by a notice in writing or by telephone whenever the child has failed to attend school after one unexcused absence within any month during the current school year. School officials shall inform the parent of the potential consequences of additional unexcused absences.
When can a school district file a truancy petition?
If a child is required to attend school under
RCW 28A.225.010 and if the actions taken by a school district under
RCW 28A.225.020 are not successful in substantially reducing an enrolled student's absences from public school, not later than the seventh unexcused absence by a child within any month during the current school year or not later than the tenth unexcused absence during the current school year.
Classroom Discipline
Can a school district create its own discipline policy?
A school district's board of directors shall adopt policies that restore discipline to the classroom.
Can a school or school district discipline decision be appealed?
Any student, parent or guardian who is aggrieved by the imposition of discipline shall have the right to first an informal conference with the principal, second with the district superintendent, and third before the school district board of directors or its designee.
Dress Code
Can a public school enforce a dress code?
Each school district board of directors has the authority to impose dress codes at respective schools or within the entire school district.
Retention/Hold Back From Promotion
Can a school or school district retain a student without parent permission?
No applicable RCW or WAC
Individual school district policies will address this issue. Some schools model Washington State School Directors Association (WSSDA) Policy 2421, which states that retention may be beneficial if a school believes that the child is not demonstrating minimum competency in basic skill subjects in relation to ability and grade level.
Sports/Extracurricular Activities
Does the Superintendent of Public Instruction oversee interscholastic activities at the school district?
Each school district board of directors is granted and shall exercise the authority to control, supervise, and regulate the conduct of interschool athletic activities and other interschool extracurricular activities of an athletic, cultural, social, or recreational nature.
Student Transfer
Is a nonresident school district required to approve all transfers from another district (inter-district transfer)?
A nonresident district may admit all nonresident students who are released by a resident district.
Can a nonresident school district's denial of release or acceptance be appealed?
Requests for an appeal shall be addressed to the superintendent of public instruction.
Download Notice of Appeal Form SPI M-666 (PDF)
Can a school district approve a transfer for longer than one year?
WAC 392-137-225 and
All acceptances on nonresident students, whether granted by the nonresident district or ordered by the superintendent of public instruction, shall state the length of the acceptance or the conditions subsequent which would cause the acceptance to be terminated.
Can a school district denial of a transfer between schools within the district (intra-district) be appealed?
Each school district board of directors is responsible for making its own policies in regards to intradistrict transfers. Refer to the individual school district policy and procedure for the appeal process.
For more information on Non-Resident Student Transfers.
Transportation/Bus Routes
What regulations are established for school bus routes?
On divided highways and highways with three or more marked traffic lanes, public school district and private school bus routes shall serve each side of the highway unless there is a traffic control signal or adult crossing guard within 300 feet of the bus stop.
School Facilities (the use of)
Can a school district allow a religious entity to use their school facilities?
Each school district board of directors shall authorize school facilities to be used for various activities including religious activities. They may require a reasonable rental fee from any entity using school facilities.
High School Transcript FAQs
Washington State Standardized High School Transcripts contains the most frequently asked questions.
Updated 5/16/2016
Quick Links
Office of System and School Improvement (OSSI)
School Safety Center
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subset: commoncrawl


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As a small-town kid from Utah, I didn't expect anything like this to happen. I played sports for fun, something to do to stay active. You never know where life might take you. —Casey Glines
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Perhaps it would make a great trivia question one day.
Name the only athlete from Union High School in Roosevelt, Utah, to earn a football scholarship and play wide receiver at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University in Tallahassee, Fla.
The answer, at least for now, is Casey Glines.
Glines and his wife, Carol, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, left their apartment at Ephraim's Snow College and moved across the country a few weeks before fall camp. There was something exhilarating about the idea, she said.
"We could have gone up to Utah State and Florida is so far away," Carol Glines said. "We went for the adventure of it."
They have had to adjust to a new team, schedules, schoolwork and surroundings, but the Glineses are happy.
"We went into this blind, but this is what we need to be doing," Casey Glines said. "I've learned you keep going, regardless of how bad things may seem. You always strive to do better, to do the best you can with what you can."
Getting to FAMU
As young man at Union High, Glines was a three-time letterman and all-state athlete.
He leaned toward basketball as his favorite sport, and at 6-foot-6, he drew interest from the University of Alaska-Anchorage before deciding to serve an LDS mission in North Carolina.
But when he returned, a friend talked him into trying football at Snow College.
"I said, 'Why not?'" Glines said.
As a towering athlete with sure hands, he developed into a reliable receiver for the Badgers. In two years he caught 34 passes for 506 yards and three touchdowns.
As his junior college career drew to a close, Utah State coaches invited him to bulk up and walk on, but it didn't work out. Glines thought his football career was over.
During spring break, however, he received a call from Florida A&M offensive coordinator Quinn Gray, who had somehow managed to see Glines' game highlights.
"What would it take to get you to come here?" Gray said.
"Pay for school," Glines said, "and I will come."
Glines had observed closely when his older sister played volleyball at Western Wyoming before accepting an offer to compete at Alaska-Anchorage.
"She learned a lot and I could tell it was a really good experience for her," Glines said. "So when I had a similar opportunity with Florida A&M, I thought it would be a good learning experience."
Casey married Carol Brown in the Manti Temple in July 2012. Although she had lived her entire life in Ephraim, Utah, she agreed with her husband.
"I was in it for an adventure," she said. "My poor mother has missed me so much, but it's only two years. I can do anything if I can see a light at the end of the tunnel."
Temple trip
The Florida adventure started on a sour note.
For two weeks all the couple had in their new place was a blow-up mattress, Casey's PlayStation, a small TV and a few other items. For whatever reason, the moving trucks had been delayed. It was a frustrating few weeks, Glines said.
"They took their sweet time," he said.
Anticipating that life would only become more chaotic once football and school were in full swing, Casey and Carol decided they needed to go to the temple. It was easy in Ephraim with the Manti Temple only 10 minutes away. But the nearest temple to them now was in Orlando — a four-hour drive. But it was worth the trip, they said.
"That temple trip was special because we both really needed peace in our lives at that time," Carol said. "It was a real comfort having some familiarity of the temple in a place that is so vastly different than what we are used to. Whether it's in Manti or Orlando, the temple feels like home."
"We were far from home in a new place and we looked at each other like, 'Wow, what did we get ourselves into?'" Casey said. "But after the temple visit I felt more calm. When we came back our stuff had finally arrived. Carol found a job and I started football. Since then our lives have been crazy busy and we haven't looked back."
FAMU football
Florida A&M is a traditionally black college in Tallahassee. The football program is in the Football Championship Subdivision classification and plays in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. Its mascot is the "Rattlers."
So far this season the team is 1-4, including a discouraging 76-0 loss at Ohio State.
Glines, No. 9, has played in all five games, catching three passes for 22 yards and one touchdown. He feels like he is fitting in.
"In football you meet all kinds of people from all walks of life," he said. "Coming down here has been unique, but it's also been good. The guys treat me like one of them. You have that bond of playing football."
Carol finds it interesting to sit in the stands and listen to the comments by those around her who aren't aware of her connection to Casey. But once they find out she has a husband on the team, it doesn't take them long to figure it out who he is.
"It's all positive. They all say to throw the fade to No. 9. Don't you see that he's 6-foot-6?" she said. "The FAMU fans have high hopes for Casey and see him as a guy who can score touchdowns."
There is only one other married player on the team, and Carol said her husband is sometimes looked at "like he is crazy."
"The whole mindset of marriage is different here," she said.
The Glines are building friendships despite differences. As players have learned that Casey is a Mormon, they have reacted positively, he said. Some are content to know he believes in Christ. Others have asked deeper questions. He tries to keep the answers simple.
"People look at us," Carol said. "We are trying to be good examples."
Casey will soon have more opportunities to teach the gospel. He was recently called to leave his position as nursery leader and become the second counselor in his LDS ward's elders quorum.
The adventure continues, he said.
"As a small-town kid from Utah, I didn't expect anything like this to happen. I played sports for fun, something to do to stay active," Glines said. "You never know where life might take you."
Email: email@example.com Twitter: tbtoone


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Wearing; POL Design blazer, Lovers & Collaborators dress, leather clutch from Campberwell markets, YSL ring and Zara heels.
I wore this little ensemble to a launch event last week, the dress by Lovers & Collaborators has the perfect light pleating and grecian drape detail. Simply beautiful. Threw a bright blazer on over the top to make it a bit more informal, and fun.
After months of saving up, my new camera finally arrived today and I am so excited to get snap happy with it over the very exciting next few weeks! More to come soon..


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Multipurpose tool
Do the job of several pliers with Truecraft's Omni Grip pliers. The tool's chrome vanadium jaw, with a capacity of 21/2 in., can grab material of almost any shape, including hex, square, round, bar, sheet, rod, flat and angle stock. The pliers are pictured with the new bench clamp. It converts into a portable vise/clamp ideal for cutting or sweating pipe or molding other materials for drilling and sawing. The bench clamp has an industrial black finish and black epoxy. Contact Truecraft Tools, Dept. FIN, 615 Pierce St., Somerset, NJ 08875-6739, 800/532-8665.
Breathe easier
Get rid of exhaust fumes, smoke and heat from welding, brazing, soldering, refinishing and other fume-generating processes with the VB451 self-contained ventilating system. The 20-lb. system includes a 10-ft. hose, blower and steel nozzle. It has a nominal airflow of 450 cfm at 5,000 fpm to provide effective ventilation.
Additional hoses in 4-in. lengths can be added to the inlet or to the outlet to duct away fumes. Contact Neoterik Health Technologies Inc., Dept. FIN, 401 S. Main St., Woodsboro, MD 21798, 301/845-2777.
Heavy-duty sawhorse
These sawhorse brackets aren't just for sawing: Touting a load capacity of up to 1,000 lbs. (500 lbs./bracket), they could become a handy holder of heavy tools in your shop.
Owner Art Neumarkel of The Sawhorse Connection first built them from steel but found that structural aluminum has the same values as steel with three-fourths less weight than the heavy metal: A set of four weighs a total of 8 lbs.
Once assembled, you can tap a nail or set screw into the boards through the bracket's nail holes, and the legs will stay in place for transport. Price for a set of four: ¤59.95 (shipping included). Contact The Sawhorse Connection, Dept. FIN, Box 1373, Anacortes, WA 98221, 360/293-3079.
Pumping power
The new model DD-6 diaphragm pump is a powerful device that pumps almost any liquid, from thick, hard-to-pump chemicals to the lightest fluids, at a rate of up to 8 gal./min. The self-priming, closed-system design allows users to circulate the container's contents to remix separated or settled products, rinse the container and drain and clean discharge lines without removing the pump or opening the container. The device has a separate pump unit and motor, which allows easy removal of the pump and multiple pumping with a single motor. Contact Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co., Dept. FIN, 5599 E. Holmes Rd., Memphis, TN 38118, 800/343-7867.
Side view The Speedglas 9000 welding helmet is now being offered with a side windows option. Two windows offer welders peripheral vision to see potentially hazardous situations and to move more easily around work areas.
All Speedglas 9000 helmets are designed to protect the wearer from CO2 buildup. Exhaled air in the helmet is directed through four exhaust vents to remove CO2 as well as heat and humidity. Contact Hornell Speedglas Inc., Dept. FIN, 2374 Edison Blvd., Twinsburg, OH 44087, 800/628-9218.


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As long as we're taking the measure of the country this week, let's look in on the far (and not so far) fringes of the right wing. What's up with them? And how worried should we be?
For the past several months, I've been trying to get a bead on the actual numbers of the far-right movement. To that end, I accrued a motley little collection of surveys, studies, and sociological research pulled together from here and there. I've been sort of walking around this pile, kicking at it, figuring out which pieces fit together, in the hope of getting a handle on exactly how many really scary people there are out there right now. It seemed like an important question to get answered.
Finally, I did what I should have done on Day One. I picked up the phone and called Chip Berlet of Political Research Associates, who knows more about the hard research on the far right than anyone else in the country.
"Chip, how many far-right wingers are there in the United States?"
I knew the question was vague. I figured, based on our past conversations, that I'd have to carefully define "far right" and qualify who belonged in that group. And then we'd have a discussion about how you slice and dice the various factions and their relationships to the whole, and….
But that's not what happened. Chip didn't even skip a beat.
"Ten percent of the population." He declared this with a jaunty certainty that's uncharacteristic of Chip, who usually has a sociologist's inbred caution about putting caveats around his claims.
"Ten percent? That's it? Flat out?"
"Ten percent. That's it. It's been the same number for most of our history, and it doesn't change much." He went on to explain that sociologists and social psychologists have spent decades doing on a large scale what I was doing with my little clutch of studies. And invariably, he said — no matter how they define "far right" or "authoritarian," no matter how they count up the fundamentalists and nationalists and proto-fascists, the numbers always come up somewhere between seven and 12 percent. Or, on average, about ten percent. Always. And it's been that way going back as far as they can go.
So there you have it: the answer to the question, "How many really hardcore conservatives are we dealing with here?" It's thirty million people, give or take.
Still: the number seemed small. Intuitively, it just seems like the crazy is running a lot deeper than that these days. Chip confirmed this: it is, in fact, deeper than that.
"There's another group of people that are actually more interesting right now," Chip explained. Dr. Robert Altemeyer, who did the original research on right-wing authoritarian followers, found that there's a second slice of the American populace — about the same size as the first one, or slightly bigger — who are conservative by temprament, but don't live full-time in that same overwrought hypervigilant paranoid space that the ultra-right wing authoritarian ten percent do. This group, Chip said, usually hews closer to the political center-right, keeping themselves at some distance from the really wild-eyed True Believers in the next cohort farther out.
But according to Altemeyer, I pointed out, these people tend move away from the center and embrace hard-line conservatism if they're under extreme social or economic stress, right? Exactly right, said Chip. It's happened several times before in American history — and it's precisely what's happening again now.
This faction's rightward march is being driven by the Tea Party movement, which is organizing the core of this second slice. It's actively decoupling itself from the center-right position of the GOP's mainstream, and forming stronger alliances with the ultra-right ten-percenters — creating a super-right-wing faction that includes upwards of 25-30 percent of the country.
A lot of progressive strategists who are unfamiliar with the factions within the right wing are looking at this newly congealed group as one contiguous bloc. That's a grave mistake. Despite the growing overlap, the two groups retain essential differences we need to keep our eyes on if we're going to deal with this new fusion effectively. A few examples:
* The ultra-right clings to racism as an all-purpose explanation for what's wrong with America. The Tea Party folks (as I explained last week) have largely moved past racism. Not to say you won't find it (especially among the elders); but it's a mistake to say — as some progressives do — that it's a universal motivating force.
Which isn't to say that hate won't figure prominently in their politics. Conservative politics literally, structurally cannot function without an "us-versus-them" narrative to keep voters on the barricades. But this alliance will be less grounded in racism against the usual black and brown groups, and more deeply rooted in mutual tribal agreements on the evils of socialism, liberalism, and Islam (the only acceptable racism left). We should also keep our eyes on a faint but already growing strain of anti-Semitism within the combined movement, as both groups begin to identify "Jewish bankers" as both the cause of the nation's current economic distress and the main proponents of socialism and liberalism in America.
- The ultra-right includes a higher-than-average number of people who live lives that can only be described as marginal. Their lack of attachment to family, careers, or community often feeds their rage, and stokes their persecution fantasies. It also makes them far more likely to resort to violence than the Tea Party members.
This isn't nearly as true of people in the second slice, who have generally made considerable investment in family, community, business and church ties, and are seeking to protect those investments at all costs. Those commitments keep them tethered a bit more closely to reality, and so they're typically far less willing to break the law to achieve their ends.
However, when this group joins forces with the far right, the dynamics change. Sometimes, their very presence can embolden the violence-prone radicals in the first slice, who feel an increased sense of permission (they'll be heroes to millions more people if they act), and who may actually receive more widespread community cover if they do commit a crime. Other times, they act as a sort of ballast, anchoring the more radical members back into society in ways that discourage violence as a tactic throughout the movement.
- The ultra-right is in this fight for life. Many of them were raised in families which have clung to extremist beliefs for generations. But for those joining the new Tea Party movement, their activism is more situational. They haven't done anything like this before. They're only stepping up now because they're worried and frustrated (as we all are) about the way power is being used in Washington and Wall Street. There's no telling how strong their commitment to this new alliance is, or how long it will last.
- The Tea Party congealed due to significant funding from GOP lobbyists, with a huge assist from Roger Ailes at FOX. You occasionally find the odd antediluvian fat cat giving money to ultra-right racist, nationalist, and militia groups, too; but it's been a long while since this faction got the kind of concentrated corporate fertilizer that's being lavished on the teabaggers.
There are more points of differentiation, but you get the point. There are two groups here: one comprising our perennial crop of evergreen wingnuts, and another that's only recently decamped from the center right and moved hard right to join them.
And it's the combination of the two that's worrisome. On their own, the far-right wingnuts can't elect a dogcatcher (and even trying to do that much would no doubt cause a schism that would wind out for years in court. It's just how they are.) But controlling 25 and 30 percent of the American electorate — while not enough to take over the country in straight numeric terms — is enough for the combined group to win limited but serious victories here and there. And, of course, their power is further magnified by the vagaries of the electoral college and the way we choose senators. In real terms, the system is set up so that this 30 percent can wield the political clout of 50 percent. That's where we are now — and it's one reason we're running into so much gridlock in trying to govern the country.
I've also noted before that even though this 28 percent is a minority in straight democratic terms; the history of revolutions is that it's also more than enough to take over an entire country if the combined group should decide to resort to violence. (The Nazis are the case I use most often here.) Two or three guys with guns can subdue and terrorize entire city blocks full of unarmed citizens. Strength in numbers is irrelevant — just as democracy is irrelevant — if you've got superior firepower and are willing to use it.
And this brings us down to the real driver that will determine which way this plays out. The ultra-right has steadily ratcheted up its calls for violence as the Obama administration unfolds and the economic stress drags out.
Will the "second slice" Tea Party folks follow them down that path?
Or will their strong attachments to the larger community keep them on the side of civilization?
Or, perhaps, will the ultra-right overplay their hand by launching a run of domestic terror that sends their new allies scurrying back toward the center, ending the coalition? (It's happened before.)
Much of the future of the conservative movement in America is riding on these questions. And there are other variables at play that will also affect how they'll be answered. One is FOX News — which, according to a poll last week, really is now the most trusted name in news. (Fortunately, those numbers are easily disputed; one of the rules of thumb when dealing with the right is that conservative groups of all types always grossly inflate their numbers, which is why figuring out how many of them there really are can be so fraught.)
Still, the FOX effect is out there. My newly-retired parents took a long road trip last week, during which they stayed with several friends. In every house they stayed in, their hosts — all of them educated professionals in their 60s and 70s, most of whom had been liberal-to-centrist all their lives — had stopped taking a daily paper, and were watching FOX exclusively. Whatever this says, it's not good. Given the constant stream of overtly eliminationist hate speech that flows from Messrs. Beck, O'Reilly, Hannity, and the rest, FOX may well be the biggest influencer determining which direction the Tea Party slice decides to go.
Another driver is the Democrats' continued fecklessness in clearly communicating the coherent moral values at the heart of the progressive worldview; and their extreme reluctance to support any kind of progressive populist agenda. Everybody knows now that there's a rising populist tide in America. Average Americans, left and right, are uniting behind an implacable fury at the big banks — and at Congress and Obama, who seem determined to enable criminal behavior rather than make any serious attempt to control it.
You don't need me to tell you that the tide is rising. We're seeing the signs of political climate change all around us. But most of the Village still regards any kind of populism as a dangerous (and avoidable) impulse. "Responsible" consultants are cautioning Democrats not to get out front of that wave and ride it. In 20 years, historians will record this as a mistake on the same magnitude as the one they made in 1972 when they started backing away from the unions. It's going to be the biggest missed opportunity since….oh, damn, it's hard to say, since the Democrats have already missed so many big ones that it's hard to keep track. But this one could, in the end, trump them all.
We've seen this far-right/second-slice alliance before. In Nixonland, Rick Perlstein documented how, back in the mid-60s, conservative suburban homeowners were driven into the arms of the far right by their fear of neighborhood integration in the wake of fair housing laws. The political careers of both Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan where launched on the resulting tide of rage.
What this suggests is that, even though the odds against newly amalgamated Tea Party right controlling Congress or electing their own president are slim to none, they're the GOP's main base — and as long as the populist wave crests and they can avoid succumbing to schisms (always the bane of conservative organizations), they'll probably hold onto enough power to keep doing serious damage to our democracy.
Any progressive strategy to weaken the right should probably begin with finding a way to peel the second slice back off from the ultra-right, and bring it back toward the center. Reviving a vital progressive populism is the best wedge and sledge we've got right now. And that's why we shouldn't hesitate to reach back to 1910 to inform the kind of politics we'll need to win in 2010.


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Why Am I Moving Left?
I used to be right down the middle. But America's changed, and so have I.
In my late 50s, at a time of life when most people are supposed to be drifting into a cautious conservatism, I am surprised to find myself moving steadily leftward.
This is unexpected. It comes even as I am financially comfortable and enjoying my work. (I'm writing this from my summer home in Maine.) I'm not a natural progressive—I spent the last quarter century covering the U.S. military, first for the Wall Street Journal and then for the Washington Post, and now for Foreign Policy magazine . I have written five books about the Marines, the Army and our wars.
Story Continued Below
I am puzzled by this late-middle-age politicization. During the time I was a newspaper reporter, I didn't participate in elections, because I didn't want to vote for, or against, the people I covered. Mentally, I was a detached centrist. Today I remain oriented to the free market and in favor of a strong national defense, so I have hardly become a radical socialist.
But since leaving newspapers, I have again and again found myself shifting to the left in major areas such as foreign policy and domestic economic policy. I wonder whether others of my generation are similarly pausing, poking up their heads from their workplaces and wondering just what happened to this country over the last 15 years, and what do to about it.
The things that are pushed me leftward began with the experience of closely watching our national security establishment for decades. But they don't end there. They are, in roughly chronological order:
Disappointment in the American government over the last 10 years. Our wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were the first big shocks. I thought that invading Afghanistan was the right response to the 9/11 attacks, but I never expected the U.S. military leadership would be so inept in fighting there and in Iraq, running the wars in ways that made more enemies than were stopped. I believe that the invasion of Iraq was wrong, not only launched on false premises but also strategically foolish in that ultimately it has increased Iran's power in the Middle East.
Torture. I never expected my country to endorse torture. I know that torture has existed in all wars, but to my knowledge, its use, under the chilling term "enhanced interrogation," was never official U.S. policy until this century. In fact, until our recent wars, the American military had a proud heritage of handling its prisoners better than most. During the Revolutionary War, Gen. George Washington reminded his men of the need to "Treat [captives] with humanity, and Let them have no reason to complain of our Copying the brutal example of the British army."
How we fought. I never thought that an American government would employ mercenaries in a war. And yet we did this in Iraq by hiring thousands of armed "security contractors" who in practice were subject neither to local law nor to the American military justice system, and so could and often did treat Iraqis badly. In September 2007, I remember, American officers, who by then understood the need to treat Iraqi civilians well, were outraged when Blackwater employees shot 37 Iraqis in Baghdad's Nisour Square—the rough equivalent of opening up on the lunch crowd in Dupont Circle. Yet to my knowledge, the U.S. government has not studied how the use of mercenaries poisoned the conduct of the war. Indeed, it gives every indication of planning to operate the same way in the future.
Intelligence officials run amok. I think that American intelligence officials have shown a contempt for the way our democracy is supposed to work in turning a vast and unaccountable apparatus on the citizens it is supposed to be protecting. I remain wary of Edward Snowden's motivations and connections, yet still am worried by the intrusive surveillance by the National Security Agency he has unveiled. At the very least, in a democracy, we should be able to be informed about the actions that have eroded our privacy but supposedly were taken in our name.
Growing income inequality. I also have been dismayed by the transfer of massive amounts of wealth to the richest people in the country, a policy supported over the last 35 years by successive administrations of both parties. Apparently income redistribution downward is dangerously radical, but redistribution upward is just business as usual. The middle class used at least to get lip service from the rich—"backbone of the country" and such. Now it is often treated like a bunch of saps not aware enough to evade their taxes.


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Before I left for New York Fashion Week, I was obsessed with finding a nice handbag to take with me. I ended up getting this Nordstrom pleated satchel in an off-white shade (which I really do love!) but last night I was browsing Nordstrom online and saw a bag that is making me put a plan into action that my wallet can live with. I'm thinking that this Marc by Marc Jacobs Flash Leola leather hobo is just what I need for this summer. Add turquoise (Pantone's color of the year by the way), zippers and hobos together and for me, it's a match made in heaven.
I'm definitely on board with this handbag, are you? What kind of handbag do you love? I just love hobos and satchels. Let us know what type of handbag you love in the comments.


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Rattan Kubu Bone Lidded Storage Dog Basket
By House of Paws
From £59.99
Your dog probably has more toys than you can count and it can get messy at times! Get your pup a toy box to tidy away their precious collection of balls, interactive games, chews and squeaky toys. Stylish and practical, our dog baskets and toy storage boxes will blend seamlessly into your home décor.
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General Membership-Government
American Lands Council depends on local communities banding together to leverage their voice throughout the nation. Without your membership, we would no longer be able to move the Transfer of Public Lands forward. Some of the things that your membership makes possible are:
- Presentations that allow us to educate throughout the country
- Support and advancement of legislation
- National Conferences that allow elected officials and state leaders to coordinate efforts
- This website that provides coordination tools
Your membership will help support Transfer of Public Lands back to local control.
Your annual membership can be paid at once, or by monthly installments.
Our friendly ALC staff will send you a renewal notice via email one week before you membership is due to expire.
We are grateful for your continued support!
*Membership Subject to ALC Approval


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2.After you pay, please contact with our online support , we will arrange a face to face trade with you in game.
3.If you any questions, you can see the FAQ first. If your questions are not included in FAQ page, you can contact us by any way listing on the site.
All virtual currency, powerleveling service we are selling is made by human hand.
Possible account termination when using illegal leveling or illegally obtained gold.
1. Character name
2. Any Instant Messenger you are using.(If you have one)
MAPLESTORY MESOSFill in the character name in game, and click "BUY NOW" button. You will be redirected to paypal and then you can send your payment via paypal.
Possible account termination when using illegal or illegally obtained.
We always provide the SAFEST service needed.
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Distance from Augusta Springs, VA to Burkes Garden, VA
Driving distance between Augusta Springs, VA and Burkes Garden, VA is 201.08 miles (or 323.61 kilometers). If you drove an average car (using about 3.6 gallons of gas per mile), the gas would cost you around $, since you would need about gallons of fuel.
Leaving from Augusta Springs, VA you would reach Burkes Garden, VA in about 3 hours 40 mins if you keep an average speed of miles per hour, assuming you don't make any breaks or get stuck in traffic.


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"How to Build a Six-Figure Writing Career" - Free Workshop
During this free introductory training, you'll learn:
Earn More Money as a Freelance Writer
Are you a blogger who wants to add paid writing jobs to your portfolio? An excellent writer who has trouble finding paid work? A stay-at-home-mom who wants to turn solid writing skills into a career?
My name is Holly Johnson and I'm a professional blogger and columnist. As a freelance writer for various publications, I have spent years finding out how to get the best and most lucrative writing jobs. While I got my start on websites like Get Rich Slowly, I now write for publications like The Simple Dollar, Frugal Travel Guy, Lending Tree, and U.S. News and World Report Travel. After all this time, I have realized one thing - the opportunities you will find in online content creation and freelance writing are limitless.
Everything you read on the internet must be written by someone. Companies and corporate blogs pay big money to those who create concise, effective content. The jobs are out there, but they aren't always easy to get.
There are plenty of writing courses available, but I feel I have a unique perspective to offer. The fact that I actually write for a living (instead of just making money selling courses on the topic) has helped me learn what it takes to master this craft, get the best and highest-paying writing jobs, and plan a workday to maximize income potential.
Plenty of people have good or excellent writing skills but don't know how to build a lucrative writing career. My course was created to help you turn those skills into dollars just like I have.
I took Holly Johnson's Earn More Writing course and absolutely loved it! Not only were the modules very easy to understand, but the worksheets associated with each really helped me sharpen my focus. I started her course on a Monday, applied for a freelance writing job on the same day, and got it two days later! Her course is absolutely unbelievable and I can't say enough about it and her.
- Shanah Bell, Blogger, AdaptiveNourishment.com
"Earn More Writing" is the best freelance writing course on the web! Here are a few reasons why:
When I took Holly's course, Earn More Writing, I wasn't sure she could tell me anything I haven't already heard or read about before. Boy was I wrong! Holly is the master when it comes to teaching about freelance writing. Not only does she tell you what you need to do, she shows you the steps she took when she was first looking for jobs.
Holly's straight forwardness and honest demeanor make you feel comfortable right from the start.
Within the first month I made back the cost of the course, plus some. I highly recommend this course to anyone who is even half way considering becoming a freelance writer. You never know what will happen until you try.
- Crystal Barton, Blogger, HappilyEverUncluttered.com
Want to build a thriving freelance career from scratch? Let me show you how!
Holly Johnson is an award-winning writer and content creator who practically lives on the web.
In addition to serving as Contributing Editor for The Simple Dollar, Holly writes for well-known publications such as U.S. News and World Report Travel, Business Insider, LendingTree, Bankrate, Fodor's Travel, and Frugal Travel Guy. Her work has been featured in The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Fox News Business, Kiplinger's Personal Finance, CNN, the Indianapolis Star, and other premier publications.
With her husband, Holly also owns two websites of her own - Club Thrifty and Travel Blue Book. You can follow her on Twitter or Pinterest @ClubThrifty.
Love to write? Want to get paid?
"Earn More Writing" is for you!
I'm a systems expert. I create, test and study systems. It's what I'm fascinated with. I've also been interested in freelance writing but was too afraid until I found Holly's Earn More Writing course.
The price point is low, and I didn't expect much. However, Holly has a system of giving you confidence utilizing concise steps with a perspective of what's around the corner; good, bad and ugly. This is in and of itself great, but she is also active on the Facebook group page, which is a gem of information and support. I wouldn't hesitate for a moment to plunk down the funds to enroll again.
Do what she tells you. The system works.
- Rae Howard
Not convinced yet? I'm throwing in these great bonus materials for FREE!
Bonus #1: Get Rich Ghostwriting for CEOs
This bonus video explains the process of ghostwriting and how it can help you earn big bucks!
Bonus #2: Insider's Guide to What Editors Really Want
Learn what sets you apart from other writers, straight from the pen of a professional editor. Written by freelance editor and Boston Globe contributor Jon Gorey, this invaluable resource is our gift to you!
Bonus #3: List of 250 Businesses with Blogs
Don't think corporate gigs are out there? We'll give you a list of 250 business websites with blogs.
Bonus #4: Free Facebook Group
Learn and connect with other freelance writers inside our free Facebook group! Get ideas for pitching clients, learn how others price their services, and get support from people who know what it means to be a freelancer.
Bonus #5: Worksheets and Action Items
As an "Earn More Writing" student, you'll receive all of the course worksheets we offer at no additional cost. After each module, I'll also provide you with a list of action items to help get your freelance writing career off the ground.
Earn More Writing is a high-level online course that teaches you the foundation for freelance writing as well as advanced strategies to consistently increase your income. It is an extremely well thought out course that is packed with action steps and strategies for growth - absolutely no fluff!
From selecting your niche to planning your schedule to reaching your income goals, Holly teaches you how to create your ideal freelance writing career step-by-step. Each module is packed with specific action steps that you can implement immediately. She even shows you how to set up your schedule for optimal productivity and maximum earning capacity!
Earn More Writing teaches you how to become a valuable asset to your clients, which will ensure steady and increasing jobs for years to come. I highly recommend it!
- Roshni Gandhi, Business Attorney and Professional Writer
This course will pay for itself quickly. Holly explains everything in a down-to-earth way that works well for me, so it's easy to move through the modules. I've been writing online for over 12 years, and I still learned some important lessons that are helping me diversify my clients.
- Justin Pritchard, Freelance Writer and Ghost Author of Financial Books
If you want to earn money online, getting paid to write is one of the best gigs out there. I created Earn More Writing because I wanted to design the best possible training program for online freelance writers. I'm excited to show you the strategies I've used to create a six-figure income from the comfort of my own home. Thanks for stopping by!
"When you purchase my course, you're making an investment in yourself."
- Holly


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Your analysis of SDK starts off with calling lots of his play "very townie". You then go on to say his refusal to explain himself doesn't look townie. What are you communicating here, i.e., are you saying you're unsure of SDK? What of his play after refusing to explain? I found it weird to see you comment that a lot of his play looks townie then point out something scummy about him and leave it at that.
When you say you're worried about bessie "tunneling too hard", what exactly worries you about it? I get that you view it as uncharacteristic of her play, but do you mean "bessie is tunneling too hard and it's unlike her meta" or "her tunneling is distracting her from looking elsewhere" or some other meaning I didn't lay out here?
This, IMO, is one of the most concerning statements I've seen so far. When I read this, I asked myself, 'What is jimbob trying to do here by pointing out other players to bessie with similar behavior? Does he actually think that information will help him glean any idea as to her alignment?' I really don't like the, 'Well, what about them?' factor behind this quote nor am I sure of what he's trying to gain by posting this.jimbobmacdoodle wrote:bessie, you seem to think I'm a Serial Killer because I am downplaying the likelihood right? What is your opinion on Zyth, who made this comment implying they thought an SK unlikely, I think:How about FrozenFlame with his comments made about it? Or most recently mpolo?With the numbers of 8/3/1/1, why is it likely that there is an SK in this game? In the worst case scenario: a mislynch and mafia and SK both kill a member of town, we are in mylo on Day 2, that's pretty crazy.


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Welcome to the Probasco Chair
For citizens to function effectively in their roles as voters, consumers, workers, investors, and managers, they need to understand the principles of free enterprise which form the foundation of the American economic system. As a result of an initial bequest from the estate of Burkett Miller, the Probasco Chair was established to develop and implement policy, programs, and activities to fulfill this need. The mission of the Probasco Distinguished Chair of Free Enterprise is to develop, through the educational field, that type of political, social, and economic environment which will permit private enterprise to achieve its proper perspective in American economic life.
The Probasco Chair pursues its mission through four functional areas. Specifically, the Chair:
- Organizes Lecture Series for the University
- Presents Lectures to Civic and Professional Groups
- Produces Publications for Professional Audiences and the Lay Public
- Engages in Consulting and Programming with Chair Sponsors
"A wise and frugal government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, which shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labour the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities."
—Thomas Jefferson
First Inaugural Address
March 4, 1801


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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Matt resulted in his own elimination?! WTH. Why didn't he vote Grant?! WTH?!?!?!
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CAIRO (AP) — Egypt's toppled President Mohammed Morsi stood inside a glass-encased metal cage Tuesday, separated from other defendants for the start of a new trial Tuesday over charges from prison breaks during the country's 2011 revolution, state television reported.
Egypt's state news agency MENA reported that Morsi flew by helicopter from Borg al-Arab prison in Alexandria. Only 19 other of the 129 defendants in the case, including the leader of Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood group and other leading figures, are held by authorities. The rest, including members of the Palestinian militant group Hamas and Lebanon's Hezbollah, are on the run.
Egypt's state television broadcast exclusively from the courtroom. Its reporter said Morsi appeared in a separate cage from the other defendants in the case. He said defendants turned their back to the court, a form of protest of their prosecution.
The case is rooted in the 2011 escape of more than 20,000 inmates from Egyptian prisons — including Morsi and other Brotherhood members, during the early days of the 18-day uprising against ousted President Hosni Mubarak.
Authorities accuse Morsi and the other defendants of plotting to "destroy the Egyptian state and its institutions," conspiring with the foreign groups who infiltrated to Egypt through Gaza and using the turmoil during the uprising to organize the prison breaks. The prosecutors said more than 800 foreign fighters entered Egypt through Gaza to take part in storming of three prisons and killed a number of police officers and inmates.
A Brotherhood lawyer has said the trial appears aimed at "denigrating" Morsi and the Brotherhood.
It is Morsi's second court appearance since Egypt's popularly backed July 3 military coup. He missed a Jan. 8 hearing in another trial after security officials said bad weather grounded a helicopter meant to bring him.
The hearing is at a police academy complex in eastern Cairo, where a heavy security presence stood guard Tuesday. State television showed briefly showed live footage from inside the courtroom before the trial started.
Morsi is facing three other trials on different charges as well. Only one of those trials, where he is accused of inciting murder of his opponents while in office, has begun. Many of the charges he faces carry the death sentence.
In his first appearance, Morsi insisted he was still the country's legitimate president and challenged the legitimacy of the court, regularly interrupting the judges and prosecutors. The glass window over the metal cage is apparently to muffle the defendants' outbursts.
Since Morsi' ouster in July 3 in a popularly backed military coup, hundreds of senior Brotherhood leaders have been arrested in a widening crackdown against a group that authorities accuse of retaliating to Morsi's removal with a violent campaign. Hundreds of supporters also have been killed in security crackdown on protests that often turned violent. The group denies using violence to achieve its goal of having Morsi reinstated.
On Tuesday, hundreds of Morsi supporters clashed with police officers, with television footage showing protesters burn tires and police shooting tear gas canisters. Tuesday marked the third anniversary of the "Friday of Rage," one of the most violent days of the 2011 uprising when protesters and police clashed for hours before police withdrew from the streets and the military deployed.
Meanwhile, the interior ministry said two gunmen on a motorcycle shot and killed a senior police officer as he left his home in the Haram district of Giza, a Cairo neighborhood. Maj. Gen. Mohammed El-Said was the head of the technical office in the interior ministry, which is in charge of police.
Also Tuesday, MENA reported that gunmen blew up a natural gas pipeline Monday night in the volatile Sinai Peninsula south of el-Arish, the capital of the North Sinai governorate. It said firefighters rushed to the scene to extinguish a fire there.
Gas pipelines have come under attacks several times since Mubarak's downfall, which led to a fracturing of Egypt's security agencies. Suicide bombings also have spiked and spilled into the capital, Cairo, and other cities. An al-Qaida-inspired group called Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, or Champions of Jerusalem, has claimed responsibility for most of those attacks.
Associated Press writer Maamoun Youssef contributed to this report.


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Wabash Day 2010 - Zionsvilleby Steve Badger '87 • October 11, 2010 Share:
Wabash alumni and their families put in a hard day's work helping the Morning Dove Therapeutic Riding Center. Morning Dove offers equine-assisted therapy services to a wide range of people with physical, mental and/or emotional disabilities. The Riding Center has 18 horses and many acres of pasture and riding trails. New participants are referred by physicians or therapists, or find Morning Dove by word of mouth.
We were grateful for the unseasonably warm weather as we spent the day doing grounds work at the stables, pastures and riding trails. Our accomplishments included cleaning out the horses' stalls, washing and refilling with fresh water the drinking troughs, clearing debris from the trails, moving hay and other miscellaneous tasks. We started our day by gathering at Patrick's Kitchen in Zionsville for a hearty breakfast and good company before we started our work at Morning Dove.
We thank the following volunteers for participating: Bill Havlin ('84), Chuck Whybrew ('94) and his wife Melissa, Scott Benedict ('98), Scott Quick ('88), and my daughter, Kelsey. Special thanks to Scott Benedict and Tony Ridolfo ('92) for working with me to organize this year's event in Zionsville.


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Today we're excited to announce several new speakers for Seattle 2.0 Startup Day, the one-of-a-kind entrepreneurial boot camp to be presented by GeekWire on Sept. 22 in Bellevue.
And a quick reminder: Early bird rates for the conference end tomorrow, so be sure to grab your tickets now.
This annual event, now in its fourth year, is a must-attend conference for anyone thinking about launching a new company, or looking to improve their existing startup. It's a chance to learn directly from startup vets — people with extensive experience launching and running their own tech companies, multiple times in some cases.
We've already announced speakers including Box CEO Aaron Levie, who just pulled in $125 million in venture capital for the file-sharing and data storage company; and Jordan Weisman, the legendary game designer whose company raised more than $1.8 million on Kickstarter to bring back the classic Shadowrun franchise.
New additions to the lineup include Adam Tratt, the CEO of Giant Thinkwell, which just launched the new presentation technology Haiku Deck; Aviel Ginsburg and Adam Schoenfeld of social media analytics company Simply Measured; and entrepreneurial vet Brenda Spoonemore, who is now co-founder and CEO of Dwellable, the vacation rental search site.
They join a roster that includes wireless industry vet Mary Jesse of Ivy Corp.; BigOven's bootstrapping Steve Murch; fast-growing zulily's Darrell Cavens; and GeekWire chairman Jonathan Sposato, the former Picnik CEO and the only person to have sold two companies to Google.
These startup vets will deliver a series of fast-paced talks — packed full of lessons learned, tips and insights from their own startup experiences. More background on all of these speakers is available on our Startup Day event page.
This annual event was started by Marcelo Calbucci of Seattle 2.0 four years ago, quickly becoming a mainstay of the startup scene. GeekWire is proud to carry on the tradition, while putting several new spins on the day — including live versions of two favorite GeekWire features.
The first is Elevator Pitch, inspired by our web video series of the same name. Throughout the morning at Startup Day, a handful of entrepreneurs will pitch their ideas to investor judges, get valuable feedback, and audition for a chance to present to the entire Startup Day audience. (No extra charge but space is extremely limited; choose ticket type "entrepreneur + elevator pitch" when you register).
In the afternoon, we'll bring you a live version of our Startup Resource Center. Select attendees can get the answers to everything they wanted to know about finance, law, sales, marketing, PR, team-building, design, user experience, but were afraid to ask. Choose a category and enjoy a 1:1 meeting with best-in-breed advisors. (This is a first-come, first-served perk offered at registration, so don't hit snooze on that alarm clock or you may miss out).
And to cap the day, we'll have a big after-party open to all attendees.
More information and registration available here. Wednesday is the last day for early bird rates.
Thanks to sponsors Microsoft BizSpark, Amazon Web Services, Perkins Coie, Turnstone, Bader Martin, Twilio, AterWynne, and SEOmoz for making this unique event possible. Email firstname.lastname@example.com for additional sponsor opportunities.


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Blog Archives
MLB Player Profile: The Cubs OF Alfonso Soriano
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Sunday, January.06, 2013
Alfonso Soriano: Misunderstood, Good, But Never A Fit
Alex Kantecki (Guest Baseball Writer and Cubs Correspondent): Follow @Akantecki
It's no secret Alfonso Soriano isn't the most liked player among Cubs fans. Following the 2006 season when then general manager Jim Hendry signed the Outfielder to the largest contract in team history ($136 Million over eight years), fans dreaming of a World Series title pinned their hopes on the unconventional Leadoff hitter that hit 46 HR and stole 41 bases with the Washington Nationals the year before. Soriano did his part and helped lead the Cubs to two straight National League Central titles in 2007 and 2008, but the Cubs were swept away in the Division Series both years. Like his teammates, Soriano struggled to do much of anything in the postseason, collecting three hits in 29 Plate Appearances and failing to score or drive in a single run in six games.
Alfonso Soriano 2012 Highlights – Parental Guidance Is Advised


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I am overweight. I've never been shy about that.
I am unfit. I've never cared about that.
I've always eaten unhealthily. I've been trying to change that recently.
So in all my glory, I recently decided that I would do a charity walk for a very good cause (mentioned here - viewtopic.php?f=2&t=79344&p=2857008). The walk is 10 miles and it's a week on Friday. At midnight.
I started 'training' tonight. I walked with my uncle for 4 miles. It took us 1 hour and 20 minutes, which I'm pretty proud of.
Walking the 10 miles next week is the first hurdle. But after that, I want my life to change.
I want to lose weight.
I want to become fit.
I want to eat healthily.
Hopefully writing my stuff down somewhere, which will be here, will help me.
I will weigh myself as soon as possible, as I do not know how much I weigh.
Hope I did all this right and that it ends up helping me.
That all changed. Different outlook now, different way of getting there.
Gym Work is tracked in the following spreadsheet: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc ... sp=sharing


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10 states where gas prices are plunging
March gasoline prices fell for the first time in 10 years. As of Apr. 1, the price of gas had fallen in 29 of the previous 33 days. Nationally, gas costs 30 cents a gallon less than it did a year ago and 15 cents a gallon less than it did following the February run-up in prices. AAA predicts the average price of gas in 2013 will be lower than 2012's average of $3.60 a gallon — the highest AAA has ever recorded.
There are some significant reasons for the price drop. First, Americans are driving less — about 2.7% less, according to Department of Transportation figures, or nearly 90 billion miles since reaching a peak of more than 3 trillion miles in November 2007. Second, older, less-fuel efficient cars are being replaced by new ones that get better gas mileage. Third, refineries are finishing up their spring maintenance and turnarounds a bit earlier this year, so production is ramping back up sooner.
STORY: $3 a gallon gasoline: In some places, yes
However, the main reason that gas is cheaper now than it was a month ago is that crude oil prices have dropped. Several of the states on this list had the highest gas prices a year ago: Illinois (fourth most expensive), Washington (fifth), Oregon (sixth), Indiana (ninth) and Michigan (10th). As of Monday, only two are among the 10 most expensive: Illinois, at sixth, and Washington at eighth.
According to Michael Green from AAA: This year we have also seen an increase in North American crude, whether it's out of the Bakken or Eagle Ford, or out of Canada, and that's certainly helped with oil prices in the United States. It's affected West Texas Intermediate (WTI), but it's also affected some of the other blends, such as Western Canadian Select (WCS), and there's a Bakken blend price. So refineries are buying oil from different places, and that certainly helps lower their costs, having these lower prices.
Illinois is a major hub for Canadian crude oil, and the state's refineries have access to crude that is currently $15 a barrel cheaper than WTI and nearly $30 a barrel cheaper than Brent. Washington receives the cheaper crude by rail. As AAA's Green noted, "Whenever oil is less expensive, that certainly helps the cost of gasoline. If it costs refineries less to make it, they're gonna sell it to you for less."
The cheaper crude making its way to the Midwest and the Gulf States is traveling by pipelines where possible and by rail and truck where there are no pipelines. Railroads hauled 233,800 carloads of crude in 2012, up from 65,800 in 2011 and just 29,600 in 2010. The availability of lower priced crude to refineries in Washington, Indiana, Michigan and Virginia is directly attributable to rail transport.
It is very possible — some might even say very likely — that the highest pump prices for gasoline are behind us for this year. Most analysts do not see prices rising to February levels again this year, barring some shock to the system, such as major political turmoil in big oil producing regions like the Middle East or Africa, major shutdowns due to bad weather or some major accident. That is the good news. The better news is, there really is no bad news.
To identify the 10 states where gas prices are plunging, 24/7 Wall St. considered data for April 1, 2013, and April 1, 2012,from AAA's Daily Fuel Gauge Report. Refinery capacity figures came from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and are as of January 2012. We also considered figures from the EIA on daily crude oil production, which are current as of January 2013. Figures on 2011 median income came from the U.S. Census Bureau, while fourth quarter 2012 cost-of-living comparisons are based on data from the Missouri Economic Research and Information Center (MERIC). We also reviewed tax figures from the American Petroleum Institute. The effective tax rate given here is current as of January 2013, and combines each state's excise tax and other state taxes and fees. The 18.4 cent per gallon federal surcharge was not included.
These are 10 states where gasoline prices are plunging.
10. Arkansas
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -8.8%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.44 (5th lowest)
> No. of refineries: 2
> Daily crude oil production: 18,000 barrels (17th highest)
Over the past year, Arkansas gasoline prices have fallen from an average of $3.77 per gallon to just $3.44. This has made Arkansas the fifth cheapest state for gas buyers, up from 12th the year before. The low cost of filling a tank also helps drive down the price of transportation, which was the fourth lowest in the nation during the final quarter of 2012, according to MERIC. Lower gas prices help people in Arkansas save money; this is especially important in a state where the median household income was among the nation's lowest in 2011, at $38,758. Arkansas only has two refineries, with a total refining capacity of just 90,500 barrels a day as of January 2012, the fifth lowest among the 30 states with refining facilities. The likely reason for falling prices is that the state is so close to Louisiana and gets its refined products primarily by cheaper pipeline transportation.
9. Louisiana
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -8.8%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.47 (10th lowest)
> No. of refineries: 18
> Daily crude oil production: 195,000 barrels (7th highest)
Louisiana is one of the nation's leading oil producers. In January, the state produced 195,000 barrels per day, more than all but six other states. As of January 2012, Louisiana had 18 operating refineries, more than any state except Texas. Also helping consumers: In March, prices for some types of crude oil coming from the Gulf Coast declined relative to the WTI benchmark price. The state additionally has one of the nation's least-burdensome gasoline tax frameworks; residents pay just 20 cents in state taxes per gallon, while the average consumer nationwide pays more than 30 cents in state taxes per gallon.
8. Tennessee
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.0%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.42 (4th lowest)
> No. of refineries: 1
> Daily crude oil production: 1,000 barrels (tied for 26th highest)
Tennessee is one of the nation's least-expensive states in which to live. Among the reasons why, it is the third cheapest state for transportation, in part due to low gas prices. On April 1, a gallon of gas in Tennessee cost just $3.42, less than all but Wyoming, Montana and South Carolina. On the same date in 2012, 10 states had cheaper gas than Tennessee. Such price declines at the pump are especially important in Tennessee, where the median household income was nearly $10,000 below the U.S. median. Tennessee has just one refinery, with a capacity of 180,000 barrels a day. Like Arkansas, proximity to Louisiana refineries is probably a key reason for low gas prices, together with connections to three major pipeline systems.
7. Georgia
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.0%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.50 (15th lowest)
> No. of refineries: 0
> Daily crude oil production: n/a
Although nearly a cent lower than in 2012, and nearly two cents below the U.S. average of 30.4 cents per gallon, Georgia residents still pay a higher effective tax rate than Americans in 30 other states. Despite this, the average gallon of gas in Georgia costs $3.50, in the bottom third of all states. Prices also fell considerably relative to the rest of the nation in the past 12 months, declining 9%, versus 7.4% across the United States. Although no oil is produced or refined in the state, the Plantation Pipeline — one of the nations largest, transporting 600,000 barrels of gasoline and other fuels every day — runs through Georgia on its way from Louisiana to Washington, D.C.
6. Michigan
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.1%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.68 (15th highest)
> No. of refineries: 1
> Daily crude oil production: 22,000 barrels (16th highest)
Over the past 12 months, the price of gas in Michigan has fallen from an average of $4.05 per gallon to $3.68. Additionally, while Michigan prices are still higher than the nationwide average, the gap has shrunk from 13 cents to just five cents. But this may not last for long: Governor Rick Snyder has called for a major gas tax hike as part of an initiative to raise roughly $1.2 billion to fix and improve the state's roads. According to the American Petroleum Institute, as of January, Michigan already had one of the nation's highest effective tax rates on gas, at 38.7 cents per gallon. The state has only one refinery, with a capacity of 106,000 barrels per day. Supplies come primarily from Indiana and Illinois.
5. Virginia
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.1%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.55 (20th lowest)
> No. of refineries: 0
> Daily crude oil production: n/a
Virginia had among the nation's lowest costs of transportation in the fourth quarter of 2012. Contributing to this was the difference in gas prices between the state and the rest of the nation, which has increased over the past year. A gallon of gas is now eight cents cheaper in Virginia than the U.S. average, versus just one cent cheaper 12 months ago. This makes gas extremely affordable in a state where the median income in 2011 was nearly $62,000, seventh highest in the nation and more than $11,000 above the median nationwide.
4. Illinois
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.1%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.85 (6th highest)
> No. of refineries: 4
> Daily crude oil production: 26,000 barrels (15th highest)
Despite falling by 39 cents in the past year, the average gallon of gas in Illinois still costs $3.85, one of the highest prices in the nation. The state is among the nation's leading refiners, with a capacity of 918,000 barrels per day, trailing just Texas, Louisiana and California. Many of the refineries in Illinois have access to relatively inexpensive crude oil from Canada and North Dakota, which costs less than crude oil imported to the Gulf Coast of the United States. But while prices fell relative to the rest of the nation, little oil comes from Illinois, and the state charges a higher effective tax rate than all but four other states, at 39.1 cents per gallon.
3. Washington
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.3%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.74 (8th highest)
> No. of refineries: 5
> Daily crude oil production: n/a
A year ago, Washington had one of the nation's highest average gas prices, with a gallon of gas costing $4.12. But over the past 12 months, gas prices fell by more than nearly all other states. Early in 2013, gas prices in Washington actually fell below the U.S. average — particularly impressive since the state has one of the highest taxes in the nation. As of late 2012, refineries in the state began receiving large oil shipments by rail from North Dakota, where oil production in January 2013 was up 38% from the year before. This has made the state's refineries less dependent on oil from Alaska and has helped drive down prices. Washington is one of the largest refiners of oil in the nation, with more than 630,000 barrels produced per day.
2. Oregon
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -9.4%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.71 (11th highest)
> No. of refineries: 0
> Daily crude oil production: n/a
In the fourth quarter of 2012, Oregon was one of the nation's more expensive states to live in, with the fourth highest cost of transportation. But this may change; gas prices have fallen by 39 cents over the past year, and the wide gap that existed between prices in Oregon and the United States as a whole has shrunk in recent months. Although there are no operating refineries in Oregon, there is a pipeline from neighboring Washington, which is the fifth largest oil refiner in the nation.
1. Indiana
> 1-yr. change in gas prices: -11.6%
> Gas price, 4/1/2013: $3.61 (24th highest)
> No. of refineries: 2
> Daily crude oil production: 7,000 barrels (tied for 22nd highest)
No state experienced a larger decline in gas prices during the past year than Indiana. In the past year, gas prices fell by 47 cents per gallon — eight cents more than in any other state. Among the likely reasons for falling prices, the amount of crude oil imported from Canada to the Midwestern U.S. has risen dramatically in recent years. Oil from Canada is considerably cheaper than oil from the Gulf Coast, where much of the Midwest's oil used to come from. While Indiana had just two operating refineries as of January 2012, it had the nation's eighth highest daily refining capacity, at 363,500 barrels per day. Most of this was accounted for by a BP refinery in Whiting.
Hess and Ausick write for 24/7 WallSt.com, a financial news and analysis website.


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Copied from PN Facebook Account Click the link below to watch video.
"This incident is from june 11 Mission UMMEDE NUH. which was launched to save a vessel named MV SUEZ. vessel was under the custody of pirates from 1 year. Pakistan Navy was contacted by the captain of ship SUEZ Captain Wasi stating that their life is at risk and ship is sinking. . Admiral Noman Bashir Ordered PNS BABUR to save the people on board. while Indian ship INS GUDAVRI was also on this mission. Indian navy said they were been contacted by the captain of vessel SUEZ. but captain wasi stated that when he contacted for help. He got no answer and only Pakistan Navy replied them with distress signals. while on their way to save the sinking vessel INS GUDAVRi was changing his course again n again to interupt PNS BABUR from crossing him to reach MV SUEZ. as a result captain Pns Babur decided to do this act.
Pakistani officials said that whilst the rescue operation was under-way, the Indian naval ship arrived in the vicinity of the disabled MV Suez and tried to hamper the efforts of the PN ship that had come along for humanitarian assistance
After successful Completion of this Mission. Whole crew was was shifted to PNS ZILFIQAR and were brought to PNS DOCKYARD where they got a warm welcome from Naval Officials and Public.
PNS BABUR gave Indian Navy Ship a Hit and officers and sailors on board were chanting Pakistan Zindabad and Allah O AKBAR.
Pakistan Navy showed them how strong we are and what's their actual position in front of Pakistan Navy.
NOTE: Video has been made from Indian Ship and Please ignore the vulgar language being used by Indians"


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Posted: May 02, 2015 01:00 AM CDT
Updated: May 02, 2019 05:27 AM CDT
2015: Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, who is fourth in line to the British throne, is born in London. [ + - ]
2012: Former NFL linebacker Junior Seau commits suicide at age 43 by shooting himself in the chest in Oceanside, California. Seau, a 10-time All-Pro, 12-time Pro Bowl selection and member of the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team, started for the San Diego Chargers for 13 seasons before spending three years with the Miami Dolphins and then finished his career with four years for the New England Patriots. After his death, studies by the National Institutes of Health concluded that he suffered from chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a type of chronic brain damage that had also been found in other deceased former NFL players. [ + - ]
2012: A pastel version of "The Scream" by Norwegian painter Edvard Munch sells for $120 million in a New York City auction, setting a new world record for an auctioned work of art. [ + - ]
2010: English actress Lynn Redgrave, known for such movies as "Tom Jones," "Georgy Girl," "Shine" and "Gods and Monsters," dies of breast cancer at the age of 67 in Kent, Connecticut. Redgrave, who's seen here in 2006 and who earned Oscar nominations for "Georgy Girl" and "Gods and Monsters," was a member of the famous British acting family, including her sister, Vanessa Redgrave, and her nieces, Joely Richardson and Natasha Richardson. [ + - ]
2009: Jack Kemp, the former NFL quarterback who was also Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole's running mate in 1996, dies of cancer at the age of 73 in Bethesda, Maryland. Kemp, who played 10 seasons in the AFL for the Los Angeles/San Diego Chargers and the Buffalo Bills, also represented western New York in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1971 to 1989 and served as the secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President George H.W. Bush. [ + - ]
2008: Cyclone Nargis makes landfall in Burma, spawning a storm surge, killing more than 138,000 people and leaving millions of people homeless. [ + - ]
2008: The superhero action movie "Iron Man," starring Robert Downey Jr. as the titular hero, premieres in theaters. The movie would prove to be a box office hit, earning more than $300 million in North America alone, and spawning two direct sequels so far. Downey has also reprised the role in several other movies in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. [ + - ]
1985: Singer-songwriter Lily Allen, best known for songs such as "Smile," "LDN," "Not Fair" and "The Fear," is born in London, England. [ + - ]
1983: Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback and punter Norm Van Brocklin dies of a heart attack at age 57 in Social Circle, Georgia. He played for the Los Angeles Rams and Philadelphia Eagles in a 12-year NFL career, leading the Rams to an NFL championship in 1951 and the Eagles to another in 1960, thus becoming the only quarterback to win an NFL championship with two different teams. Van Brocklin led the NFL in passing three times and in punting twice and was named to nine Pro Bowl teams. He played collegiately at Oregon and is also an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame, and spent 13 seasons coaching in the NFL after retiring as a player. [ + - ]
1975: Soccer star David Beckham, one of the best known soccer players in the world, is born in London, England. Beckham rose to fame playing for Manchester United, debuting at age 17 and ultimately helping the team to six Premier League titles, two FA Cup wins, and the UEFA Champions League title in 1999. He's also played for Real Madrid, the Los Angeles Galaxy and AC Milan and captained the England national team for six years. [ + - ]
1972: J. Edgar Hoover, the first director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, dies of a heart attack at the age of 77 in Washington, D.C. Hoover, seen here in 1961, became director of the Bureau of Investigation, the predecessor to the FBI, in 1924, and was instrumental in founding the FBI in 1935, where he remained director until his death. [ + - ]
1972: Actor and former professional wrestler Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, who has starred in movies such as "The Scorpion King," "Walking Tall," "The Game Plan," "Fast Five" and "G.I. Joe: Retaliation," is born in Hayward, California. Johnson, who has semi-retired from wrestling, had 17 championship reigns in WWE from 1996 to 2004. [ + - ]
1969: The British ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 departs on her maiden voyage to New York City. [ + - ]
1957: U.S. Sen. Joseph McCarthy, best known for his accusations of Communist spies and sympathizers inside the federal government and elsewhere in America, dies of hepatitis at the age of 48 in Bethesda, Maryland. The term "McCarthyism" was originally coined to criticize the actions of McCarthy, who was censured by the U.S. Senate in 1954 following his highly publicized and unsuccessful hearings seeking to substantiate his claims. [ + - ]
1955: Tennessee Williams wins the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof." [ + - ]
1954: Stan Musial of the St. Louis Cardinals sets a new major-league record for most home runs in a day when he hits five in a double-header against the New York Giants. He hit three homers in the first game, a 10-6 win for the Cardinals, and two more in the second, a 9-7 loss. The mark was tied by San Diego Padres first baseman Nate Colbert during a double-header on Aug. 1, 1972. [ + - ]
1952: The world's first ever jet airliner, the De Havilland Comet 1, makes its maiden flight with fare-paying customers, traveling from London to Johannesburg. [ + - ]
1952: Actress Christine Baranski, known for her TV work on the series "Cybill," "The Big Bang Theory" and "The Good Wife," is born in Buffalo, New York. Baranski, who has also appeared in movies such as "The Birdcage," "Chicago," "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" and "Mamma Mia!," rose to fame as a Broadway actress, winning two Tony Awards, and continues to work on stage in addition to her screen appearances. [ + - ]
1948: Country music singer-songwriter and actor Larry Gatlin, who teamed up with his brothers to become one of country music's most successful acts of the 1970s and 1980s, is born in Seminole, Texas. Some of his biggest hits as Larry Gatlin & the Gatlin Brothers include "All the Gold in California" and "Houston (Means I'm One Day Closer to You)." He's seen here in 2009. [ + - ]
1946: A riot and standoff begin at Alcatraz Island Federal Penitentiary following an unsuccessful escape attempt. The standoff, known as the "Battle of Alcatraz," would last until May 4 and leave two guards and three inmates dead. Two of the surviving convicts were later executed for their roles. [ + - ]
1946: Singer Lesley Gore, best known for such pop hits as "It's My Party," "Judy's Turn to Cry" and "You Don't Own Me," is born Lesley Sue Goldstein in New York City. She died of lung cancer at the age of 68 on Feb. 16, 2015. [ + - ]
1945: The Soviet Red Army takes Berlin after 12 days of fierce house-to-house fighting. Pictured here are Soviet soldiers hoisting the Soviet flag on the balcony of the Hotel Adlon in Berlin after the battle. [ + - ]
1939: New York Yankees slugger Lou Gehrig sits out a game for the first time in 14 years, a streak running 2,130 games that began on June 1, 1925. His record of consecutive games played wouldn't be broken until Cal Ripken Jr. did so in September 1995. Gehrig was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, now commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease, in June 1939 and died on June 2, 1941. [ + - ]
1936: Pop singer Engelbert Humperdinck, best known for his No. 1 hits "Release Me" and "The Last Waltz," is born Arnold George Dorsey in Madras, British India. [ + - ]
1929: Rock 'n' roll singer-songwriter and guitarist Fred Lincoln "Link" Wray Jr., whose 1958 instrumental hit "Rumble" essentially introduced the power chord to rock music, is born in Dunn, North Carolina. Wray, who died of heart failure in 2005, has been credited with making both punk and hard rock possible and was named by Rolling Stone as the 45th best guitarist in history. [ + - ]
1920: The first baseball game of the Negro National League is played in Indianapolis. The new league was the first black baseball circuit to achieve stability and last more than one season. The league, which at first operated mainly in Midwestern cities, fell apart in 1931 during the Great Depression. A second Negro National League began play in 1933 and lasted until 1948, the year after Major League Baseball integrated. At that point its surviving teams merged into the Negro American League, which had begun playing in 1937. [ + - ]
1918: General Motors acquires the Chevrolet Motor Company. [ + - ]
1903: Pediatrician and writer Benjamin Spock, whose 1946 book "Baby and Child Care" is one of the biggest bestsellers of all time, is born in New Haven, Connecticut. He died at age 94 on March 15, 1998. [ + - ]
1863: Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He would survive the shooting with the loss of an arm to amputation but succumbed to pneumonia eight days later. [ + - ]
1729: Catherine the Great, the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, is born Sophia Augusta Fredericka in Stettin, Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia. She came to power as empress following a coup and the assassination of her husband, Peter III, in 1762 and reigned until her death at the age of 67, revitalizing Russia into one of Europe's great powers. [ + - ]
1536: Anne Boleyn, the Queen of England as the second wife of King Henry VIII, is arrested and imprisoned on charges of adultery, incest, treason and witchcraft. She would be found guilty on May 15 and beheaded four days later. [ + - ]
1519: Leonardo da Vinci, widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived, dies at the age of 67 in Amboise, France. Leonardo, often described as the archetype of the "Renaissance Man," was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. His most famous paintings include the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper" and is also known for conceptualizing a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, and more technological ideas during his life. [ + - ]
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Distance from Bairdford, PA to Graysville, PA
Driving distance between Bairdford, PA and Graysville, PA is 68.52 miles (or 110.27 kilometers). If you drove an average car (using about 3.6 gallons of gas per mile), the gas would cost you around $, since you would need about gallons of fuel.
Leaving from Bairdford, PA you would reach Graysville, PA in about 1 hour 42 mins if you keep an average speed of miles per hour, assuming you don't make any breaks or get stuck in traffic.


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by Rama
I am home maker. My weight is 76 kg, height is 5'3" and age is 40 years.
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