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Andy (andyfb at TMP) came over for a game of MAA (Mighty Armies Ancients). I have played it solo twice before refighting Callinicum and Zama. Andy had the rules for about a week. Andy used his excellently painted Xyston Greeks and I fielded some ebay acquired Early Archaemenid Persian.
From memory:
Greeks - 15 units: 1 Hoplite General 7 Seasoned Hoplites, 4 Peltasts, 2 Thessalian Light Cavalry and 1 Heavy Cavalry.
Persians - 16 units: 1 Infantry General, 1 Immortal, 3 Sparabara, 5 Subject Foot, 2 Heavy Cavalry and 2 Scythian horse archers.
So, first thing - setting up terrain. How does that work? I don't know - Zama and Callinicum had no terrain! To the rules: OK, set up 2 pieces each. So we both set up 2 hills on the flanks. Ok, deployment. I don't know either - I've only used historical deployment. To the rules again - dice to see who deploys first, and then dice again to see who moves first. Andy setup first and I moved first. This poor die rolling was just the start for Andy.
|Deployment, Greeks at the top
We used the rules from the forum (and I used in the other games) where combat is all the front rank fighting value and rear rank support value (not primary fighter FV and all others support). Other things quickly decided on where the rules were unclear was that the start and end 90 degree turn allowed in movement does not subtract from the movement rate. And reading the rules seemed that whole groups had to line up - not just at a unit level, but we decided to play the way I have in previous games where you line up only contacted units in a group, which means possibly not all units in a group get to fight.
|Andy's hoplites. Slightly blurred which is a shame as they are excellent. There is a close up of some of the figures later.
Note: After a turn, I realised that all the Persian front rank units, except the heavy cavalry and the general, all have shooting. While it was not my original intent to do so, this gave a lot of shooting attacks and played a significant part of the game.
The Game
The Scythians were on the Persian right flank, moved up for shooting opportunities, No hits. Greeks responded by charging them with a heavy and light cavalry. Javelins got one horse archers, and combat took out the other one. Loses: Greeks 0; Persians 2. After one turn. Combat is fast. That is one of the fun parts of MAA - in combat, at least one unit will always be destroyed.
|The happy Greek cavalry after destroying 2 Scythian horse archers. The red die is indicative of Andy's rolling during the game
Meanwhile, with poor PIPs, Andy slowly moves the Hoplites forward. As they do, I snipe at them with all my shooting, killing about 2 Hoplites, one from each group, over 3 turns. Note: leftover PIPS can be used for commands. One command allows you to add 1 to a units shooting. I did this a lot - going from a 6+ to hit to a 5+ is doubling the chance of a kill.
|Looking across the Persian infantry at the (slowly) advancing Hoplites.
Meanwhile, the remaining cavalry was lining up with more Hoplites to charge my general and immortals. So I pre-emptively charged and destroyed a Greek heavy cavalry. The light cavalry ran to the flank.
|The General and Immortals charge the Greek Heavy Cavalry.
The Hoplites that forced the general the soaker group to retreat charged in again but lost.
|The two remaining Hoplites charge the large Persian infantry unit (and lose)
I also managed to shoot and destroy another three hoplites over the next two turns. The Greeks were now at their break point - 8 units lost - and the Persians claimed victory. The Greek General holds the centre (by himself though!).
|At game end. Note Persian blue die and Greek red one.
A very enjoyable game and great company. Thanks Andy. We were in the rulebook a few times but to be expected for a first game. Shooting is more powerful than Andy or I expected, especially with the command to increase the shooting chance. Andy only lost 5 Greek units to shooting, and 3 to combat. Persians lost 3 by combat as there was no missiles, other than Javelins, on the Greek side. I note - a day after the game on the just released reference sheet - the new Fantasy Mighty Armies has reduced the chance to hit for shooting. Andy's clearing a flank worked well, but was hard to exploit due to poor PIPs. In hindsight he believed he should have move faster with the Hoplites in the centre to reduce opportunities for shooting; or alternatively use the Peltasts to screen the Hoplites from shooting. My soaker 6-unit group actually worked as planned. Most combats were a foregone conclusion (or just about) as to who would win. I think the game play may have lasted an hour including rules discussions. But cannot really be sure as we chatted during the game as well.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Archive for the 'Argonia Cemetery' Category
Amanuensis Monday – Charlena Fay Isgrigg Obituary
Obituary – Charlena Faye Isgrigg
Book "Obituaries – Argonia Kansas and Vicinity"
Volume IV
Freda Deen Earles
Charlena Faye Isgrigg, daughter of Frank and Susan Kline Holt was born October 19, 1915 in Bluejacket, Oklahoma.
She moved to Milan, Kansas with her parents at the age of 10 and lived in the Milan and Argonia communities until the time of her passing
On October 29, 1937 she married Earl Isgrigg and to that union was born one daughter, Connie Hodson.
She was preceded in death by both her mother and father, one brother, Olin Holt and one sister, Bessie Edwards.
She leaves to mourn her passing, her husband, Earl; her daughter, Connie Hodson and grandson, Brad Hodson of West Allis, Wisconsin; two sisters, Mrs. Mildred Carrico, Commerce, Oklahoma, and Mrs. Lola Blackett, Wichita, and one brother, Virgil Holt, Milan.
( Sherry's Note: The obituary did not state the date of death, but according to www.findagrave.com, Find A Grave Memorial# 38953421 Charlena passed away on 26 Jul 1971.)


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On Day 1, a 2011 echo
Sox rally in opener, then fall to Tigers in 9th
Jonathan Papelbon was in Pittsburgh, setting down the Pirates 1-2-3 in the bottom of the ninth to preserve a 1-0 victory for the Phillies. Theo Epstein was in Chicago, where the local tabloid had a cover shot of him walking across Lake Michigan. J.D. Drew no doubt was counting his money after another grueling day of hunting in Georgia. Terry Francona was in a broadcast booth at Comerica Park, happy he didn't have to take questions from the Boston media after another excruciating loss.
So much for the departed.
The 2012 Red Sox started their season of redemption almost the way they finished last September. Wearing road grays, they jogged off the field, spitting out pieces of their broken luck after a one-out, walkoff RBI single to left field. This time it was Motown instead of Crabtown.
The Detroit Tigers beat the Sox, 3-2, Thursday in a nationally televised season opener. It was Bullpen Implosion, The Next Generation.
The Sox battled mightily, rallying for a pair of runs off indomitable Tigers closer Jose Valverde in the top of the ninth. But the tying outburst only made things more painful in the bottom of the inning when Mark Melancon and Alfredo Aceves reminded us that they certainly are not Daniel Bard and Papelbon.
One down, 161 to go. Who'll be the first to say, "Wait 'Til Next Year?''
In his first game as manager, Bobby Valentine was fully immersed in the baptismal waters of Boston baseball's Lake Woebegone. Bobby V used five of his 13 pitchers in a 3-2, nine-inning game. He brought his "closer'' into a tie game, on the road, in the ninth. He ordered a stolen base in the middle of the Sox' only rally. He used everyone on his "short'' bench, other than his backup catcher. But there was nothing he could do to stave off the painful loss.
"I saw a lot that I liked,'' said the 61-year-old skipper.
There were things worth celebrating. For six innings, we were treated to an old-timey 0-0 pitching duel between two of the game's best. Boston's Jon Lester was gritty and good, keeping the potent Tigers off the board until Jhonny Peralta and Alex Avila hit back-to-back, two-out doubles in the seventh to give the Tigers a 1-0 lead. Avila's double was a mere opposite-field fly that prompted some to say, "Carl Crawford would have had it.''
Unfortunately, Lester on one of his better days is no match for the best pitcher in baseball: Detroit righthander Justin Verlander. The pride of Old Dominion, Verlander was MVP and Cy Young last year when he led the league in wins (24), ERA (2.40), and strikeouts (250). He picked up where he left off, blowing the Sox away on two hits over eight Pedro-esque innings. Verlander walked only one and struck out seven different Sox hitters. Adrian Gonzalez, Kevin Youkilis, and Ryan Sweeney were among the Sox batters who went down looking at hellacious, jughandle, two-strike curveballs.
After Verlander was lifted, the Tigers rallied for another run off a pair of Sox relievers (Vicente Padilla, Franklin Morales, anyone?).
Had the Sox simply rolled over and lost, 2-0, we all could have tipped our hat toward Verlander and called it a day. No harm, no foul. But the Red Sox, to their credit, did not quit. And that is precisely how a Tigers win became a Red Sox loss.
Dustin Pedroia started the ninth-inning surge with a double off Valverde, who had converted 54 consecutive save opportunities, counting postseason play. A single by Gonzalez and a sacrifice fly by David Ortiz made it 2-1. Down to their final out, the Sox were rescued by newcomer Sweeney, who stroked an RBI triple to right. Alas, Sweeney was stranded when Cody Ross lined to short.
The bottom of the ninth - festooned with bloop hits, well-placed grounders, and Ramon Santiago getting hit by a curveball that he appeared to swing at - was a nightmare for Red Sox Nation. The Tigers won it on Austin Jackson's ground single to left.
The crowd at Comerica went wild. It sounded a lot like Camden Yards from last Sept. 28.
"It's disappointing, but we've got a long way to go,'' said Pedroia. "We're gonna be just fine. We rallied. That's what the Red Sox do. We're gonna fight to the end.''
"We're not going to give up, and we're not going to back down,'' said catcher Jarrod Saltalamacchia. "We're not scared.''
Good. The Sox should not be scared. They have considerable talent. They were the best team in baseball for four months last year, and most of that cast has returned.
But Red Sox fans are scared. They fear the Boston bullpen. They are afraid of a return to the Bad Old Days before the current ownership bought the team 11 years ago.
For six months, the Sox have been trying to clear the stench of the final days of 2011. Game One in Detroit only brought it all back for a day.
Dan Shaughnessy is a Globe columnist. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Mosaic Resources provides consulting services and technical analysis of potential oil and gas investments to the private investor and the financial investment community. Mosaic Resources provides the independent knowledge and analysis that you can trust when determining if an oil and gas investment opportunity is right for you and your clients.
With more than 40 years of experience with global conventional and unconventional global exploration plays, you can rely on Mosaic Resources to critically review the technical merits of any exploration opportunity.


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I am implementing the Gauss-Legendre algorithm for approximating pi in common lisp. How do I use a long float? I have not been using lisp for very long and it automatically uses float and prints somewhere around 10-14 digits, but I want to generate and display many more digits than that.
I keep reading (setf (EXT:LONG-FLOAT) 2000) (or something like that) for instance, but I have not been able to get this to do anything.


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Imagine all the medical supplies and food the "Scream" mystery buyer could have provided to Third World countries. Or, at least, imagine every square inch of wall space in his temperature-
The weird truth is, if our buyer hadn't shelled out a king's ransom, someone else would have. It's the nature of the art market, especially when images imbedded in our cultural psyche get put on the auction block.
And while it's not Munch's fault that an artistic symbol of existentialism became one of competitive materialism, I'm drawn to art that's readily available to more than just an elite few. Art that, due to its impermanent nature, will never be affected by the cold exclusivity of the market. Art that's so vibrant, beautiful and full of joy that viewers can't help but smash it to pieces with a broom handle.
I'm speaking, of course, of piñatas. And in Albuquerque, that conversation starts with Francisco Rodriguez. The owner of Casa de Piñatas has been at it for 16 years at his Nob Hill store. And while he's seen the patchwork of his enterprise crumble at times, his vision has remained whole.
Rodriguez' family set out from Juárez 30-plus years ago to find a new beginning in the Duke City. Back in Juárez, his father owned a factory that created the confection-filled papier-mâché vessels. When Rodriguez came here at the age of 14, he started constructing them on his own. "I used to make the little ones, piñatas, all the time," he says. "And then I start working just for friends, making for the parties." After graduating from Rio Grande High School with high grades, Rodriguez eventually ended up working at a grocery store, where he became the manager. He sold his piñatas there, as well as in front of a house he shared with family members at Columbia and Coal.
Rodriguez' mother was against him taking up the practice as a career, despite it being her husband's profession. "In Mexico it was considered to be low paying," says Rodriguez' son, Luis, who now shares duties with his father at the store. "It wasn't considered to be the best job one would have." But Rodriguez had a calling.
In 1996, he opened a little store at the intersection of Lead and Yale with his wife, Patty. Rodriguez handled the crafting, and his wife managed the business side. It's at that same location, 16 years later, that Rodriguez and his son continue the tradition of custom piñatas.
The process starts with cylindrical cones, fashioned mostly from newspaper. These are the structure for the legs, arms and torso, and also places where candy can be stashed. The rest of the bodies are an amalgam of metal wire, crunched up newspaper and wheat-
While the Rodriguez' say their most frequent requests come in the form of the current cartoon star or superhero (Dora the Explorer, Spider-Man, etc.), they've received more diverse orders. An ex-teacher of Luis' who lived in Wisconsin flew in and requested a Green Bay Packers piñata. "She actually purchased an airline ticket for the piñata itself," says Luis. "She sent us pictures of people taking pictures of it. People up there loved it." Expanding on the breadth of their customer base, Rodriguez adds, "We have the customers from El Paso to Canada, from San Francisco to New York."
They've also made Freddy Kruegers, replicas of the Titanic and a 6-foot Barney in a graduation cap and gown. It's that creative flexibility that sets Casa de Piñatas apart in the market, most of which consists of mass-production work sold at big box stores. "What they have is the price," says Rodriguez. "But I have the quality." This is, of course, assuming you see $35 for handcrafted art as being pricey.
Still, it hasn't been easygoing. In 2009, Rodriguez' wife got sick and died. "Since then," says Luis, "my dad suffered a stroke, the street shut down; he's hit a lot of bumps on the road." Luis is referring to the Lead and Coal reconstruction project that began in November 2010 [News, "Roads Less Traveled," Feb. 24-March. 2, 2011]. When the streets became diverted or closed, business slowed to a grinding halt. Rodriguez was worried he'd have to shut down at the time (like several area businesses did), but loyal customers enabled him to hang on.
Then about a month ago, Lead reopened and the Rodriguez' had a breakthrough. Luis says it came "that Sunday night they opened Lead. Monday morning I went to class, came back—by the end of Monday we had 25 orders." This is in stark contrast to the three or four orders a week they were getting while the street was closed.
Rodriguez is modest when reflecting on almost 50 years of artistry, enduring hardships and the future of his business. "We need the money to pay the bills," he says, shrugging. "Same baloney."


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Daily entertainment news with a trending video, what to watch tonight on TV and news on Joran Van der Sloot.
What to watch: 'O Brother, Where Art Thou?' on Bravo at 9 p.m. EDT/ 8 p.m. CDT
Set in the 1930's Deep South, three escaped convicts search for hidden treasure while the law pursues them. Based on Homer's epic "The Odyssey." Starring George Clooney.
Trending topic: Joran Van der Sloot
There's rumors that Joran Van der Sloot, serving a 28-year prison sentence in Peru, has found someone willing to marry him. The woman is unidentified. According to thedailybeast.com, Van der Sloot is appealing the sentence.
Video: Snooki talks babies and marriage
Giuliana grills the seven months pregnant reality star about her wedding plans. Plus, is her bestie JWoww planning her own walk down the aisle? Scroll down to the bottom of the page to watch the video.
-- GateHouse News Service


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Program details
Credits required: 36
|Kalamazoo—up to 18 credit hours available
|Online—up to 33 credit hours available
Industry highlights
Employment for education occupations is expected to grow 15 percent through 2020Bureau of Labor Statistics
Master of Arts (MA)
Getting acquainted with physical education (MA)—pedagogy concentration at WMU
Nine million children and teens ages 6-19 are overweight and obesity is the #2 cause of preventable death in the United States. (Get America Fit Foundation).
Be a part of the solution. The Master of Arts in Physical Education (with an emphasis in pedagogy) at Western Michigan University provides students with a comprehensive physical education immersion experience, and prepares them to emerge as experts in the field.
This online program from WMU's Department of Human Performance and Health Education connects students with a community of physical education professionals. The program is conducted almost entirely online.
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Individuals who wish to improve and expand their professional teaching skills, acquire self-assessment skills and develop supervision competencies. Most students who enroll in this emphasis are typically interested in continuing their careers in public and private schools and aspire to improve their teaching effectiveness as well as to become intern teaching supervisors. Please note that this program does not lead to initial teacher certification nor does it provide an endorsement to teach physical education for those already holding a teaching certificate.
Career opportunities
This degree, paired with Michigan Teacher Certification, prepares you to teach physical education courses at public and private schools, as well as preparing you for teacher supervision positions related to this field.
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- Online coursework can be completed from anywhere with the face-to-face components completed at a college near you, with prior advisor approval.
- Choose a thesis or non-thesis option.
State Authorization
For this Online program, the internship or field placement is optional. If you plan to complete this activity outside of the state of Michigan, you must complete the Activity Request Form at the time of enrollment for this course.Activity Request Form
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If your employer has a tuition reimbursement program, find out about WMU's deferment program for employer paid tuition.
"Best bang for the buck"
Washington Monthly placed WMU on a list of national universities that offer "the best bang for the buck." WMU came in at No. 50 based on the economic value students receive per dollar.


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Did you watch NBC's "TODAY" this morning? Like every other morning, I did! And after much anticipation, I was so pleased to see their new green-themed "The More You Know" PSAs, which encourage viewers to adopt sustainable habits. The PSAs are ingredients of NBC Universal's annual Green Week, November 14-21, and part of NBC's ongoing […]
Posts Tagged 'Green is Universal'
NBC's Green Week!
Nov 15
by Michaela Thayer
Category: Behavior Change, Best Practices, Social Marketing
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Comments Off on NBC's Green Week!
Tags: Anne Thompson, Brian Williams, Go Green, Green is Universal, Green Week, Morning Joe, NBC, NBC Affiliates, Social Marketing, The More You Know, Today Show


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The installation guideline changes
NEN-EN-IEC 60079-14:2014 is the new installation guideline for electrical material in hazardous areas.This guideline is important for you as end user, installer, designer or inspector.
One of the biggest changes concerns the chapter on cable entry systems. The selection chart, to select the appropriate Ex-d cable gland, has expired. The installer has to take into account, when selecting Ex-d cable glands, the characteristics of the cable.
First choice in the standard, for direct entries in Ex-d applications, is the 'compound' gland (also called "barrier gland" or cable gland with filling compound).
If you have already used the regular "compound' cable gland, you will have realised that this is a time consuming task. Therefor CMP Products has an excellent solution: The Rapid-Ex cable gland.
Rapid-Ex, cable gland with liquid filling compound
The Rapid-Ex cable gland is a cable gland with a liquid filling compound. That is why the setting time of the compound is significantly shorter compared to the conventional compound cable gland, so the installation time is shorter.
- Rapid-Ex brochure
- Video
Of course there are numerous other glands available besides the Rapid-Ex cable gland for hazardous areas in the protection type Exd, Exe, Exn etc.
Workshop and presentation Rapid-Ex cable gland
Are you not yet familiar with the Rapid-Ex cable glands? Or would you like to know more about how the cable glands need to be mounted? Please make a appointment for a workshop or a presentation.
The workshop is suitable for groups and they can be held at your location. The workshop or presentation can also be held at Electromach, so you can combine it with a tour in our factory.
Please contact us for an appointment.


text:
|Printed Work
|Recommends Dry Wash Only
|Product color may Slightly vary due to specific monitor, the settings and the lighting
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combine goals into a single goal
Major Section: PROOF-CHECKER-COMMANDS
Examples: ; Keep (main . 1) and (main . 2) if they exist, as well as the current goal; ; and for each other goal, conjoin it into the current goal and delete it: (wrap1 ((main . 1) (main . 2)))If
; As explained below, conjoin all subsequent siblings of the current goal ; into the current goal, and then delete them: (wrap1)
General Form: (wrap1 &optional kept-goal-names)
kept-goal-names is not
nil, the current goal is replaced by
conjoining it with all goals other than the current goal and those indicated
kept-goal-names, and those other goals are deleted. If
kept-goal-names is omitted, then the the current goal must be of the form
(name . n), and the goals to conjoin into the current goal (and delete)
are those with names of the form
(name . k) for
k >=
Wrap1 always ``succeeds'', even if there are no other goals to
conjoin into the current goal (a message is printed in that case), and it
always leaves you with no hypotheses at the top of the current goal's
conclusion (as though
top and
demote had been executed, if
Also see proof-checker documentation for
(see proof-checker-commands).


text:
British Justice Minister Jack Straw confirmed Sunday that he had tried — and failed — to keep the Lockerbie bomber out of an agreement to send Libyan convicts back to the north African nation to serve their sentences there.
Note for all readers
Hi Friends,
My Name is Rajesh and I am a technology expert/consultant. Most of my time was devoted towards the Open Source community and till sometime back I used to be a regular contributor to the community. I have also worked on various other technologies apart from Open Source. My other areas if interest is towards Photography, Driving, Traveling, Cooking (I will be writing some blog on this :)) and motivational speaking/guiding.
This blog is basically my effort to bring all the information I need from various sources to be at one place. I have given links to the source website so that they can get the credit for their content; I have no intention to copy or use this information for any commercial gain. If anyone feels that there are any information that was posted from their website needs to be removed, please do write to me, I will remove it at the earliest.
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» Tires » Goodyear » Ultra Grip Winter
Price start from $100.04 + Tax
Passenger Cars / Winter / Touring
The Ultra Grip Winter is Goodyear´s Studdable Winter - Snow tire developed for the drivers of coupes, sedans, minivans and crossovers, as well as sport utility vehicles and passenger-oriented light-duty pickup trucks. Designed to offer high levels of traction in cold wintertime temperatures, Ultra Grip Winter radials are molded to accommodate the use of optional metal studs to increase traction on hard-packed snow and ice.
- Vehicles should always be equipped with equivalent tires at all wheel positions. All Ultra Grip Winter radials, due to their exceptional hard-packed snow and ice traction when studded, must be used in sets of four to help ensure proper vehicle control.
- Goodyear Ultra Grip Winter tires meet the industry´s severe snow service requirements and are branded with the mountain - snowflake symbol.
- Install Ultra Grip Winter tires in sets of four only.


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Amid times of crisis, citizens often turn to social media as a method to share information, make observations and vent. But as a Georgia Tech professor's research into social media use amid the Mexican drug war shows, posts can reveal growing numbness, or desensitization, during times of protracted violence and stress.
Munmun De Choudhury, formerly of Microsoft Research and now an assistant professor in the School of Interactive Computing at Georgia Tech, led the research. Her team's paper, "'Narco' Emotions: Affect and Desensitization in Social Media during the Mexican Drug War," will be presented at CHI 2014, the leading conference on human-computer interaction. The presentation of the paper, which also earned Best Paper honors, comes soon after the capture of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán Loera, considered to be the world's most powerful drug lord, in Mexico.
The researchers declined to infer an actual causal relationship between drug war violence and social media numbness. But De Choudhury said the results do show a significant correlation between exposure to violence due to the ongoing urban warfare in Mexico and anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms gleaned from social media.
"General psychological research has demonstrated that prolonged exposure to violence, whether directly or word of mouth or through media reports, can have lasting and detrimental impacts including emotional numbness or desensitization," said De Choudhury. "And our research finds that this holds true with social media. Strong psychological markers of desensitization followed rises of violence in the Mexican drug war."
For the research, the team focused on four cities: Monterrey, Reynosa, Saltillo and Veracruz. The team used official homicide statistics as well as unofficial data from social media and a prominent "narco" blog to establish patterns of ongoing violence in those cities. Using Twitter's Firehouse stream, they gathered all Spanish-language postings with hashtagged mentions of these cities, disregarding retweets and non-drug related posts.
The team employed data from Twitter, because of that medium's considerable use in Mexico. At the time of the research, about 35 percent of Mexicans were online, of which 82 percent used social media. Of the Mexican social media users, 58 percent used Twitter.
"In Mexico, Twitter has acted as a unique platform allowing affected people to express their emotions, be it their frustrations or grievances or anger, about their circumstances as well as feelings of terror," De Choudhury said. "This not only expands the narrative of how citizens are dealing with the drug war, but our findings can also help researchers build theories about socio-psychological responses to crises."
After a period of chronic exposure to drug-related violence, the researchers found lowered affective responses in Twitter posts of citizens experiencing the violence. While the number of posts may have remained stable or increased, the levels of negative affect, which measures the level of displeasure of an emotion, decreased significantly.
The paper, "'Narco' Emotions: Affect and Desensitization in Social Media during the Mexican Drug War," was written by De Choudhury, along with Andres Monroy-Hernandez of Microsoft Research and Gloria Mark from the University of California, Irvine and is available here. The research earned Best Paper honors for CHI 2014, the leading conference on human-computer interaction, which will run from April 26 to May 1 in Toronto.


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Armed violence and development
Gun violence exacerbates poverty. At the same time, poverty provides the ideal breeding ground for gun violence. Sustainable development is undermined as long as this cycle remains unbroken.
Lost productivity due to homicides alone is conservatively estimated at between USD $95 and 163 billion each year. An estimated 60% of these homicides were carried out with firearms. Violence due to armed conflict can also decrease the annual growth of a typical economy by 2%.
The UN General Assembly has acknowledged this link between gun violence and development, as did the 2005 World Summit. Many countries support the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence & Development, which seeks to achieve measurable reductions in the global burden of armed violence by 2015.


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In early 2006, the Holy Cross Neighborhood Association chose to partner with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources to map out a plan for "sustainable restorationâ€. They invited top planners to lead their efforts at creating a better, energy independent, 'greener' neighborhood.
On August 29, 2005, the world changed forever for residents of New Orleans' Lower Ninth Ward. At 7:45 a.m. that morning, hours after Hurricane Katrina had already moved north, two floodwall sections on the Industrial Canal were flattened by storm surge "" sending a wall of water as high as 30 feet eastward across the Lower Ninth Ward. In this, one of the poorest areas of New Orleans, cars were tossed about like toys, homes were knocked off their foundations. Despite the city's mandatory evacuation rules, many residents had stayed: this area had not flooded for more than 40 years "" and never like this.
Once the floodwaters finally stopped rising, thousands became stranded in their homes; some drowned. In this natural "˜bowl', the water stayed for three weeks, topping many homes in lower lying areas. Even to the south in the Holy Cross Neighborhood, water levels remained at depths of 3 to 15 feet. Here, too, in this historic district with one of the highest rates of homeownership in all of New Orleans, the residents became evacuees, their solidly-built houses uninhabitable due to the damage done by floodwaters. Most of their contents were destroyed beyond repair. Walls and floors had to be torn out due to mold. No electric. No water. No home.
Today, nearly two years since Hurricane Katrina and the failure of the levees here and elsewhere in New Orleans, fewer than 20% of residents have been able to return to their homes "" and most of those living back in the Lower Ninth Ward still reside in FEMA trailers. City, state and federal government support has been virtually non-existent, insurance monies limited (most homeowners did not have flood insurance). Still, an amazing rebirth has been underway. It began just months after hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated the city. And it began with the Holy Cross people themselves.
In early 2006, the Holy Cross Neighborhood Association chose to partner with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources to map out a plan for "sustainable restoration". They invited top planners including architect Bob Berkebile to lead their efforts at creating a better, energy independent, "˜greener' neighborhood. In turn, this served as the catalyst for an unprecedented series of sustainability initiatives "" all concentrated in this small community of 1,800 homes.
Last summer, Global Green launched its Sustainable Design Competition for New Orleans. Co-sponsored by actor Brad Pitt, the competition attracted hundreds of entries internationally; the winning design, GREEN.N.O.LA, is a multi-family mixed-use development that includes an array of active and passive renewable energy features. The location? Right in Holy Cross next to the Mississippi River. Ground has already broken at the site and the first demonstration home is expected to be up and ready for touring this fall.
Yet this was only the beginning in what has become, in essence, a "perfect storm of sustainability". Last fall, an international preservation workshop and conference was held right on the levee In Holy Cross. In March 2007, Sharp Solar donated and installed 10 complete photovoltaic (PV) rooftop units to nine residents and one community center as part of a national "solar build" in the neighborhood. Each of these 1.5 kilowatt solar electric systems (approximately 80 modules) will offset up to 10% of a homeowner's annual electricity costs. That was followed by Green Light New Orleans Day in March, where energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs were installed in homes throughout Holy Cross. The neighborhood was also the site of the New Orleans "Step It Up 2007! National Day of Climate Action" rally "" fitting, perhaps, as the first of 1,400 events held nationally on April 14. In addition, April saw the debut of the new Center For Sustainable Engagement & Development, a program created by Holy Cross residents to strengthen their rebuilding efforts and become the nation's first zero carbon community. Yes, the first.
This remarkable journey continues for the Holy Cross Neighborhood with national demonstration projects underway for green deconstruction, sustainable affordable housing, bayou restoration and others. To learn more, visit www.zerocarbonNOLA.org.
Dave Macaulay of Kansas City writes about architecture and is the award-winning author of The Ecological Engineer. He has been working with residents and community organizations in the Lower Ninth Ward for nearly a year and half. His blog, Help Holy Cross http://www.helpholycross.org chronicles the rebuilding and sustainability efforts of the Holy Cross Neighborhood. In addition, he was co-creator of the "Perfect Storm" Webcast and Website http://www.zerocarbonNOLA.org.


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If you are reading this, do not forward this to colleagues. Do not forward on to your state medical association. Do not demand relevant discussion of this at your next professional meeting. We are good boys and girls, dear doctor, not activists -- leave that to the lawyers and lobbyists.
|Ophthalmologists walked out of a
session on the
Affordable Care Act Sunday during a national conference
held in San Francisco (via @kksheld)


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Field Surveyor
- Employer
- Information Providers, Inc
- Location
- Raleigh, NC
- Salary
- Pay per case completed
- Posted
- Feb 28, 2018
- Closes
- Apr 29, 2018
- Ref
- Raleigh, NC
- Category
- Claims, Premium Audit
- Job Type
- Contract
- Career Level
- Experienced (Non-Manager)
Job Summary
Information Providers, Inc . is a leader in 28 states conducting surveys of Residential and Commercial properties for Underwriting Purposes. We are seeking individuals to conduct on-site surveys for insurance underwriting purposes in an assigned territory.
- Job Title: Field Surveyor
- Status: Independent Contractor (1099 Position)
- Pay: Paid Per Report : Depends on location and work effort (Ranges from $8 - $21 per report)
- Schedule: Flexible - Monday-Saturday between the hours of 8 a.m. - Dusk. Applicants must have available work hours during the week, during business hours.
- Inspector visits properties and report their on-site observations for insurance underwriting purposes.
- You will identify all hazards or concerns and provide photographs and measurements for residential properties.
- This job involves working outside in all weather, safely navigating property, and terrain in all conditions, and regular driving.
- Inspector is responsible for setting their own schedule and must complete work orders within 15 days
- The majority of our Surveys are Residential. However, we also do some 'Main Street' type Commercial Surveys.
- On Line Orientation is provided to learn our Systems & Basic Operating Procedures.
- Qualified candidates musts have previous Independent Contractor experience in inspecting, assessing, adjusting, roofing or similar industries. Also, must be organized and have basic computer skills.
- Knowledge of basic home characteristics, materials and roofing is preferred.
- Professional conduct, clear, written communication, and strong interpersonal skills are required.
- Candidates must pass a pre-engagement drug test, background check, and motor vehicle report.
- A reliable vehicle, digital camera, 6-foot monopod or camera pole, measuring device (50 foot tape or measuring wheel), Windows-based computer (Windows 7 or later version), current version of Internet Explorer, high-speed internet connection and a Smart Phone with location services are required.


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Cardboard Nursery: Create a 100 Percent Recyclable Room
Cardboard Nursery: Create a 100 Percent Recyclable Room
To what extreme would you go to be green? Lessen your lil one's carbon footprint with an entire nursery (or toddler's room) that can be folded down and tossed into the recycle bin once your child has outgrown the goodies. If you're planning to raise an environmentally conscious kiddo, check out all our wonderful cardboard furniture and toy options.
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-15more images


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Italian automaker Faralli & Mazzanti has unveiled its latest offering to the storied halls of fine Italian exotics, the Evantra, which, if our ancient Etruscan history knowledge serves us well, is the goddess of immortality. While the name might be ancient, it's only been bestowed upon the exotic automobile for less than a week, as the car was originally named the Mugello.
Auto nomenclature aside, the Evantra is based around a steel space frame chassis. Potential buyers have the option of either composite body panels, or hand crafted aluminum bodywork, which can be further customized by request. It's quite possible that no two Evantras could be the same. Add to that a very polished design with tapered windows, a sinuous front fender and love-them-or-loathe-them suicide doors and the Evantra becomes a very unique ride indeed.
Performance-wise the Evantra is all you might expect from an Italian automaker; not satisfied with simply looking the part, the Evantra features a flat-six 3.5 liter engine which comes in either a naturally aspirated version or forced induction twin turbocharged variant, with the latter capable of 600 horspower and the former 400 thundering stallions.
The Evantra isn't heavy either; it weighs in at 2,645 lbs and can sprint to 60 in three and-a-half seconds. If you're serious about snagging one for your own garage then act quickly because Faralli & Mazzanti originally stated it only plans to produce five cars a year, but maybe they will go back on that like they did with the original name. And while no official pricing is available at this time, we would wager it will cost you well over six figures.


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The Wii U arrives in less than two months, and the general consensus seems to be that the console has some promise, but is likely doomed to be an also-ran. I've done my share of naysaying, speculating that the Wii U is probably doomed to a Dreamcast-esque fate.
But wait just a minute — is it possible the Wii U could not only compete against the Xbox 720 and PS4, but actually beat them? I think it is, for the following reasons…
People Are Eager For Something New and the Wii U is Going To Have a Huge Launch
It's been a long time since a new gaming console hit — the Wii and PS3 are both almost six-years-old. The Xbox 360 is almost seven. Meanwhile companies like Apple are training consumers to expect new hardware upgrades on an almost yearly basis. When the last new video game console launched the iPhone didn't even exist yet — now there's six of the things.
This is what an iPod looked like last time a new gaming console came out.
People are eager for something, anything new. The Wii U is already almost entirely sold out just based on pre-orders. It's going continue to sell out for months after launch. By the time the 720 and PS4 arrive in late 2013 or 2014, the Wii U may already have a substantial 10 – 20 million unit head start.
Nintendo Isn't Sega
As mentioned, the Wii U is being labelled the next Dreamcast a lot, but the comparison isn't really that apt. The Dreamcast was a final, desperate Hail Mary from a cash-strapped company coming off a major flop (the disastrous Sega Saturn).
By comparison the Wii U is the follow up to one of the most successful consoles of all time, from a company with over 10-billion in cold hard cash in the bank. Nintendo is not going to cut-and-run halfway through the Wii U's lifespan — at the very least this machine is going to get a solid five or six years of 1st party Nintendo support.
The Xbox 720 and PS4 Aren't Going To Be Cheap When They Arrive
There's a lot of speculation about what Microsoft and Sony's new consoles are going to deliver when they arrive — mind blowing Avatar-level graphics! A projection system that can turn any room into a holodeck-like 3D gaming environment! Sounds fancy. Sounds expensive.
Holodecks don't come cheap.
If Microsoft and Sony are as interested in pushing the bar with their next consoles as rumored, they're not going to be able to offer them at the $250 – $300 sweet spot most consumers wait for. Not at first at least. The scenario many are laying out where the next Xbox and Playstation arrive and obliterate the Wii U with their superior tech probably isn't going to happen. Microsoft and Sony's new machines could cost as much as $400 or $500 at launch — meanwhile Nintendo will be able to knock $50 from the cost of the Wii U and rake in another year or two of sales at a nice mainstream-friendly $250 price tag.


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Quick Links
The IEC 60364-5-52 standard applies to low voltage cables rated less than or equal to 1 kV AC. and 1.5 kV DC. This standard applies to both underground and above ground applications.
ETAP's cable capacity calculation handles both above ground (A/G) and underground (U/G in duct and buried) installations:
The cable capacity simulation program for above ground (trays, air drop, and more) and underground (in duct and direct buried) calculates the current capability of a cable based on number of circuits as limited based on the standard.
Electrical Power System Analysis & Operation Software
Subscribe to ETAP News
© 2019 Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Maintaining a healthy waterfront area has long been recognized as crucial to the community's economic and social welfare, and concerns were raised around the sale about potential risks to the town's future. The provincial government has agreed to eventually transfer ownership of the buildings to a local community association, which will manage the properties with the aim of renting and reselling to businesses that are compatible with Lunenburg's heritage.
The waterfront is an integral part of Old Town Lunenburg. The town is included on the World Heritage List as the best surviving example of a planned British colonial settlement in North America, retaining its original layout and appearance with a distinctive vernacular architectural style.


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The Angels and Lot
John Chrysostom, one of the finest preachers from the early church, says of Lot: "How could you help being amazed at his exceeding humility and the fervor with which he displayed his hospitality?" (Homilies on Genesis 4.3.10). Our ...Read More
The Men of Sodom
Some of those reading this study today may struggle with homosexual compulsions or other sexual sins. If this is the case, know that there is freedom in Christ if you repent and mortify these desires by the Spirit. The Lord ...Read More
Struck with Blindness
Lot's foolish and deplorable attempt to sacrifice the welfare of his daughters shows how easy it can be for believers to commit an evil act in the attempt to stop another one. Therefore, as John Calvin comments, we must ...Read More
Get Out of This Place
According to Matthew Henry, today's passage shows us that those who are saved by grace should proclaim the Gospel to their relatives. Unfortunately, we sometimes impair our witness to non-believing family members by living too much like the surrounding ...Read More
Rescued from Sodom
There are innumerable ways in which we can become too attached to this sinful world, even if we trust in Christ. One danger is materialism, evident, for example, when we put too much value in goods or when we neglect ...Read More
Never Look Back
Some of you reading today's study may be newborn Christians and especially tempted to engage in the sinful activities that once defined your lives. Others may be susceptible to looking to the culture to determine their attitudes and treasures ...Read More
The Power of Prayer
The bishop of Hippo, Augustine, had a mother who prayed for decades for his salvation, and the Lord doubtless used these prayers to move upon him, leading him to become one of the most influential theologians the world has ever ...Read More
Lot and His Daughters
Chapter 17 of the Westminster Confession of Faith summarizes the Bible's teaching on perseverance, arguing that those with faith may fall grievously, but they will not fall away finally. Lot fell greviously and yet not totally out of the ...Read More
Moabites and Ammonites
Children often repeat the sins of their parents, and so the later enmity between Israel and the peoples of Ammon and Moab is not surprising. Just as the sons of Jacob were not to follow the evil customs of these ...Read More


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At this stage we don't have any organised trips to Armenia. That said, Intrepid can create tailor-made tours to many destinations, including Armenia. Our fully customised trips still offer the same small group experiences with local leaders, but made just the way you want it. Simply fill out your details below and one of our travel specialists will be in touch.
About Armenia
Few countries so regularly elicit the response of "Where's that?" as Armenia.
Couched in between such obscure neighbours as Iran, Georgia, Azerbaijan and several self-declared (and rarely recognised) republics, this little country is hardly positioned as a convenient summer stopover. Yet for many, herein lies its appeal. A country of hauntingly beautiful natural scenery, prevailing political stability, strong ties to the past and exceedingly warm local hospitality, travel in this Caucasus jewel makes for an experience enormously rewarded.
Armenia facts
|Capital city:
|Yerevan (population 1.2 million)
|2.9 million
|Time zone:
|(GMT+04:00) Yerevan
|Type C (European 2-pin) Type F (German 2-pin, side clip earth)
|Dialing code:
Armenia travel highlights
Armenia holiday information
Located at the crossroads of Europe, western Asia and the Middle East, Armenia has endured a past that's proven nothing if not eventful. Alternately divided and conquered by the Romans, Persians, Arabs, Mongols, Ottoman Turks and Russians over the centuries, Armenians have had to work hard at retaining a national identity – the offshoot of which is an avid patriotism that permeates every dimension of national life. The country became the world's first Christian country back in 301 AD, had developed its own alphabet barely 100 years later and suffered the 20th century's first genocide (in which it is estimated up to one and a quarter million of its population were killed).
Following a short-lived taste of independence from 1918-1922, the country submitted to Soviet rule under the Bolsheviks. A brief period of stability ended when Stalin started widespread purges of the populace and the persecution of the church. After Stalin's death, Krushchev brought an era under which the country flourished technologically and economically. But these reforms weren't enough to placate the Armenian population, who were among the first to let their dissatisfaction be known with the advent of glasnost. Following some demonstrations and violent clashes in 1991, the country became the first non-Baltic republic to declare independence and secede from the Soviet Union.
Today, Armenia is a stable country with a democratically elected leadership and economy that's on the up. Some tensions still exist with Azerbaijan and massive emigration over the decades has resulted in a diaspora that outnumbers the country's populace but, considering the history Armenia has emerged from, the country's future is looking comparatively rosy.
With almost half of the country at over 2,000 metres elevation, a dry, high-altitude climate typifies much of Armenia. May and June or September and October are generally considered the best times to visit, as the weather is warm but mild and the flowers are in bloom.
1. Andre Agassi
Born in Las Vegas to a father of Armenian heritage (former Olympic boxer, Emmanuel Agassi), this eight-time Grand Slam champ and Olympic gold medallist is widely regarded as one of the greatest tennis players of all time. With a penchant for boofy mullets, bright pink leggings and ridiculous aviators, he's certainly one with the most questionable fashion senses.
2. Kim Kardashian
Socialite, fashionista, sex icon and occasional filmmaker, Kim Kardashian is, rather depressingly, one of the world's most recognisable people. Her father Robert, who incidentally was the lawyer representing OJ Simpson, was the son of Armenian immigrants. In 2010, PETA named Kim one of the year's five worst people or organisations for animal welfare and she has previously attempted to account for her fame with the analogy: "A bear can juggle and stand on a ball and he's talented, but he's not famous. Do you know what I mean?" Umm… no.
3. System of a Down
Hard prog-rockers Daron Malakian, Serj Tankian, Shavo Odadjian and John Dolmayan, who collectively make up Grammy Award winning American band System of a Down, all claim Armenian heritage. Heavily politicised, the band have regularly campaigned for the American and Turkish Governments' official recognition of the Armenian Genocide – work for which Tankian received the Armenian Prime Minister's Award in 2011.
4. Cher
Another musician of American-Armenian heritage is Cherylin Sarkissian, better known as Cher. While sharing little of the System of a Down's musical sensibilities, she probably wouldn't have looked terribly out of place in the band's line-up during her 80s era.
5. Princess Diana
Recent genetic testing as conducted by BritainsDNA has come to suggest that Diana, 'the People's Princess', was partly Armenian. Making up 1/64th of her lineage, it's unclear what impact this heritage will have on future generations – except that Prince George is now due to be even better looking than was already assured.
|The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response
|Peter Balakian
|The Crossing Place: A Journey Among the Armenians
|Philip Marsden
|The Forty Days of Musa Dagh
|Franz Werfel
|Joan London
Intrepid takes the health and safety of its travellers seriously, and takes every measure to ensure that trips are safe, fun and enjoyable for everyone. We recommend that all travellers check with their government or national travel advisory organisation for the latest information before departure:
Intrepid takes the health and safety of its travellers seriously, and takes every measure to ensure that trips are safe, fun and enjoyable for everyone. We recommend that all travellers check with their government or national travel advisory organisation for the latest information before departure:
From Australia?
Go to: http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/
From Canada?
Go to: http://www.voyage.gc.ca/
From UK?
Go to: http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/
From New Zealand?
Go to: http://www.safetravel.govt.nz/
From US?
Go to: http://travel.state.gov/
The World Health Organisation
also provides useful health information:
Go to: http://www.who.int/en/
Armenia travel FAQs
Most nationalities require a visa to enter Armenia. We recommend obtaining an e-visa in advance using the following link: https://evisa.mfa.am/
Fill in the requested information and submit to receive a link to the application form emailed to you. Please use the address of your finishing point hotel for the Contact Information in Armenia. You will need to upload a scanned passport sized photo and a passport copy to complete your application.In the case that the website is down, it may be possible to obtain a visa on arrival at the land border. Please contact us if you are having difficulty accessing the website.
Tipping is becoming increasingly common in Armenia, particularly at restaurants and cafés, with rounding up the bill or adding 10% the general rule. Some restaurants have started adding service fees, though this won't necessarily be going to your waiter. Tipping for other services is not customary, save for taxi drivers where rounding up the fare is common.
There's no shortage of internet cafés in Yerevan (some 24-hours) and other larger cities outside of the capital.
Internet coverage throughout Armenia is reliable and extensive. Cheap, convenient and easy to come by, temporary pre-paid SIM cards are a good option. Vivacell and Orange both have booths offering free SIM-cards at the airport and offer better English services than their competitors.
Western-style sitting toilets are the standard in Armenia, although on occasion one may still encounter squat-style toilets in rural areas.
Coffee in a café = 700 Dram
0.5 litre bottle of beer from a supermarket = 380 Dram
Meal in a fast food restaurant = 1,800 Dram
Restaurant meal in the CBD = 3,000 Dram
Armenia's tap water is generally considered safe to drink. For the overly cautious, bottled water can be readily procured, though we recommend water purification tablets or asking your leader where filtered water can be found to cut down on unnecessary landfill.
Credit cards are accepted in Yerevan and other major cities, though it's best not to rely too heavily on them. Visa is the more commonly accepted of the major credit cards brands.
ATMs are common in Yerevan and other major cities, less so in small towns. Visa cards (with the Visa Electron) are the best bet, and some local ATMs are also connected to the Plus and Maestro systems.
1 Jan New Year's Day
6 Jan Armenian Orthodox Christmas
8 Mar International Women's Day
7 Apr Motherhood and Beauty Day
18 Apr Good Friday
24 Apr Genocide Remembrance Day
9 May Victory and Peace Day
28 May First Republic Day
5 Jul Constitution Day
21 Sep Independence Day
7 Dec Earthquake Memorial Day
31 Dec New Year's Eve
Please note these dates are for 2014. For a current list of public holidays go to: http://www.worldtravelguide.net/Austria/public-holidays
Responsible Travel
Intrepid is committed to travelling in a way that is respectful of local people, their culture, local economies and the environment. It's important to remember that what may be acceptable behaviour, dress and language in your own country, may not be appropriate in another. Please keep this in mind while travelling.
Top responsible travel tips for Armenia
- Be considerate of Armenia's customs, traditions, religion and culture.
- Armenians are big on hospitality – and that's putting it mildly. If invited to a local's place for a meal, bring a big appetite and your drinking hat: spreads will be huge, you'll be lavished with food and expected to participate in endless rounds of toasts. As a guest, it's customary to bring some kind of small gift for your host, such as flowers, chocolates or (preferably imported) alcohol.
- Armenians love talking politics, but there are certainly some sensitive topics – so be cautious in expressing strong opinions. Most Armenians revere Russia and Slavic culture, so asking about life under the Soviets is usually fine. The same cannot be said for Azerbaijan (due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) or Turkey, however, so exercise great sensitivity if engaging in these topics.
- Dress modestly and respectfully when visiting monasteries and churches. Shoulders to knees should be covered and shoes removed when entering places of worship.
- Try to avoid buying bottled water. Tap water in Armenia is generally safe to drink, so use a reusable water bottle or canteen to minimise unnecessary waste.
- Always dispose of litter thoughtfully, including cigarette butts.
- When bargaining at markets, stay calm, be reasonable and keep a smile on your face. It's meant to be fun!
- Learn some of the local language and don't be afraid to use it - simple greetings will help break the ice.
- Shop for locally made products. Supporting local artisans helps keep traditional crafts alive and supports the local community.
- Refrain from supporting businesses that exploit or abuse endangered animals.
- Please ask and receive permission before taking photos of people, including children.


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Frequently asked questions
Why can't I make Cassandra listen on 0.0.0.0 (all my addresses)?
What happens to existing data in my cluster when I add new nodes?
I delete data from Cassandra, but disk usage stays the same. What gives?
Why does nodetool ring only show one entry, even though my nodes logged that they see each other joining the ring?
Nodetool says "Connection refused to host: 127.0.1.1" for any remote host. What gives?
Cassandra says "ClusterName mismatch: oldClusterName != newClusterName" and refuses to start
Is there an authentication/authorization mechanism for Cassandra?
Why does top report that Cassandra is using a lot more memory than the Java heap max?
I'm getting java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "ln" when trying to snapshot or update a keyspace
I have a row or key cache hit rate of 0.XX123456789. Is that XX% or 0.XX% ?
Why can't I call jmx method X on jconsole? (ex. getNaturalEndpoints)
I'm using Ubuntu with JNA, and weird things keep hanging and stalling and printing scary tracebacks in dmesg!
Cassandra dies with "java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Map failed"
What happens if two updates are made with the same timestamp?
Why bootstrapping a new node fails with a "Stream failed" error?
Why can't I make Cassandra listen on 0.0.0.0 (all my addresses)?
Cassandra is a gossip-based distributed system. ListenAddress is also "contact me here address," i.e., the address it tells other nodes to reach it at. Telling other nodes "contact me on any of my addresses" is a bad idea; if different nodes in the cluster pick different addresses for you, Bad Things happen.
If you don't want to manually specify an IP to ListenAddress for each node in your cluster (understandable!), leave it blank and Cassandra will use InetAddress.getLocalHost() to pick an address. Then it's up to you or your ops team to make things resolve correctly (/etc/hosts/, dns, etc).
One exception to this process is JMX, which by default binds to 0.0.0.0 (Java bug 6425769).
See CASSANDRA-256 and CASSANDRA-43 for more gory details.
What ports does Cassandra use?
By default, Cassandra uses 7000 for cluster communication (7001 if SSL is enabled), 9160 for clients (Thrift), and 7199 for JMX. The internode communication and Thrift ports are configurable in cassandra.yaml, and the JMX port is configurable in cassandra-env.sh (through JVM options). All ports are TCP. See also RunningCassandra.
What happens to existing data in my cluster when I add new nodes?
When a new nodes joins a cluster, it will automatically contact the other nodes in the cluster and copy the right data to itself.
What kind of hardware should I run Cassandra on?
See [CassandraHardware].
What are SSTables and Memtables?
See MemtableSSTable.
Why is it so hard to work with TimeUUIDType in Java?
TimeUUID's are difficult to use from java clients because java.util.UUID does not support generating version 1 (time-based) UUIDs. Here is one way to work with them and Cassandra:
Use the UUID generator from: http://johannburkard.de/software/uuid/. See Time based UUID Notes
Below are three methods that are quite useful in working with the uuids as they come in and out of Cassandra.
Generate a new UUID to use in a TimeUUIDType sorted column family.
/** * Gets a new time uuid. * * @return the time uuid */ public static java.util.UUID getTimeUUID() { return java.util.UUID.fromString(new com.eaio.uuid.UUID().toString()); }
When you read out of cassandra your getting a byte[] that needs to be converted into a TimeUUID and since the java.util.UUID doesn't seem to have a simple way of doing this, pass it through the eaio uuid dealio again.
/** * Returns an instance of uuid. * * @param uuid the uuid * @return the java.util. uuid */ public static java.util.UUID toUUID( byte[] uuid ) { long msb = 0; long lsb = 0; assert uuid.length == 16; for (int i=0; i<8; i++) msb = (msb << 8) | (uuid[i] & 0xff); for (int i=8; i<16; i++) lsb = (lsb << 8) | (uuid[i] & 0xff); long mostSigBits = msb; long leastSigBits = lsb; com.eaio.uuid.UUID u = new com.eaio.uuid.UUID(msb,lsb); return java.util.UUID.fromString(u.toString()); }
When you want to actually place the UUID into the Column then you'll want to convert it like this. This method is often used in conjuntion with the getTimeUUID() mentioned above.
/** * As byte array. * * @param uuid the uuid * * @return the byte[] */ public static byte[] asByteArray(java.util.UUID uuid) { long msb = uuid.getMostSignificantBits(); long lsb = uuid.getLeastSignificantBits(); byte[] buffer = new byte[16]; for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { buffer[i] = (byte) (msb >>> 8 * (7 - i)); } for (int i = 8; i < 16; i++) { buffer[i] = (byte) (lsb >>> 8 * (7 - i)); } return buffer; }
Further, it is often useful to create a TimeUUID object from some time other than the present: for example, to use as the lower bound in a SlicePredicate to retrieve all columns whose TimeUUID comes after time X. Most libraries don't provide this functionality, probably because this breaks the "Universal" part of UUID: this should give you pause! Never assume such a UUID is unique: use it only as a marker for a specific time.
With those disclaimers out of the way, if you feel a need to create a TimeUUID based on a specific date, here is some code that will work:
public static java.util.UUID uuidForDate(Date d) { /* Magic number obtained from #cassandra's thobbs, who claims to have stolen it from a Python library. */ final long NUM_100NS_INTERVALS_SINCE_UUID_EPOCH = 0x01b21dd213814000L; long origTime = d.getTime(); long time = origTime * 10000 + NUM_100NS_INTERVALS_SINCE_UUID_EPOCH; long timeLow = time & 0xffffffffL; long timeMid = time & 0xffff00000000L; long timeHi = time & 0xfff000000000000L; long upperLong = (timeLow << 32) | (timeMid >> 16) | (1 << 12) | (timeHi >> 48) ; return new java.util.UUID(upperLong, 0xC000000000000000L); }
I delete data from Cassandra, but disk usage stays the same. What gives?
Data you write to Cassandra gets persisted to SSTables. Since SSTables are immutable, the data can't actually be removed when you perform a delete, instead, a marker (also called a "tombstone") is written to indicate the value's new status. Never fear though, on the first compaction that occurs between the data and the tombstone, the data will be expunged completely and the corresponding disk space recovered. See DistributedDeletes for more detail.
Why does nodetool ring only show one entry, even though my nodes logged that they see each other joining the ring?
This happens when you have the same token assigned to each node. Don't do that.
Most often this bites people who deploy by installing Cassandra on a VM (especially when using the Debian package, which auto-starts Cassandra after installation, thus generating and saving a token), then cloning that VM to other nodes.
The easiest fix is to wipe the data and commitlog directories, thus making sure that each node will generate a random token on the next restart.
Can I change the ReplicationFactor on a live cluster?
Yes, but it will require running repair to change the replica count of existing data.
Alter the ReplicationFactor for the desired keyspace(s) using cassandra-cli.
If you're reducing the ReplicationFactor:
- Run "nodetool cleanup" on the cluster to remove surplus replicated data. Cleanup runs on a per-node basis.
If you're increasing the ReplicationFactor:
- Run "nodetool repair" to run an anti-entropy repair on the cluster. Repair runs on a per-replica set basis. This is an intensive process that may result in adverse cluster performance. It's highly recommended to do rolling repairs, as an attempt to repair the entire cluster at once will most likely swamp it.
Can I Store BLOBs in Cassandra?
Currently Cassandra isn't optimized specifically for large file or BLOB storage. However, files of around 64Mb and smaller can be easily stored in the database without splitting them into smaller chunks. This is primarily due to the fact that Cassandra's public API is based on Thrift, which offers no streaming abilities; any value written or fetched has to fit in to memory. Other non Thrift interfaces may solve this problem in the future, but there are currently no plans to change Thrift's behavior. When planning applications that require storing BLOBS, you should also consider these attributes of Cassandra as well:
- The main limitation on a column and super column size is that all the data for a single key and column must fit (on disk) on a single machine(node) in the cluster. Because keys alone are used to determine the nodes responsible for replicating their data, the amount of data associated with a single key has this upper bound. This is an inherent limitation of the distribution model.
When large columns are created and retrieved, that columns data is loaded into RAM which can get resource intensive quickly. Consider, loading 200 rows with columns that store 10Mb image files each into RAM. That small result set would consume about 2Gb of RAM. Clearly as more and more large columns are loaded, RAM would start to get consumed quickly. This can be worked around, but will take some upfront planning and testing to get a workable solution for most applications. You can find more information regarding this behavior here: memtables, and a possible solution in 0.7 here: CASSANDRA-16.
Please refer to the notes in the Cassandra limitations section for more information: Cassandra Limitations
Nodetool says "Connection refused to host: 127.0.1.1" for any remote host. What gives?
Nodetool relies on JMX, which in turn relies on RMI, which in turn sets up its own listeners and connectors as needed on each end of the exchange. Normally all of this happens behind the scenes transparently, but incorrect name resolution for either the host connecting, or the one being connected to, can result in crossed wires and confusing exceptions.
If you are not using DNS, then make sure that your /etc/hosts files are accurate on both ends. If that fails, try setting the -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=<public name> JVM option near the bottom of cassandra-env.sh to an interface that you can reach from the remote machine.
How can I iterate over all the rows in a ColumnFamily?
Use a CQL client ([ClientOptions]) and Cassandra 2.0. The cursor support in 2.0 means you can just write "SELECT * FROM foo" and paging through the resultset will be handled automatically.
Alternatively, you may with to use HadoopSupport.
Is there a GUI admin tool for Cassandra?
DataStax Opscenter, a management and monitoring tool for Cassandra with a web-based UI.
Cassandra Cluster Admin, a PHP-based web UI.
Toad for Cloud Databases, a desktop application and Eclipse plugin which support Cassandra.
DBeaver, a desktop application, support Cassandra using JDBC driver.
Cassandra says "ClusterName mismatch: oldClusterName != newClusterName" and refuses to start
To prevent operator errors, Cassandra stores the name of the cluster in its system table. If you need to rename a cluster for some reason, you can:
Perform these steps on each node:
Start the cassandra-cli connected locally to this node.
- Run the following:
- use system;
set LocationInfo[utf8('L')][utf8('ClusterName')]=utf8('<new cluster name>');
- exit;
Run nodetool flush on this node.
- Update the cassandra.yaml file for the cluster_name as the same as 2b).
- Restart the node.
Once all nodes have been had this operation performed and restarted, nodetool ring should show all nodes as UP.
Are batch_mutate operations atomic?
Since Cassandra 1.2, CQL batches are atomic by default (http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/atomic-batches-in-cassandra-1-2). Thrift API users must call atomic_batch_mutate instead of batch_mutate if they want this behavior.
Is Hadoop (i.e. Map/Reduce, Pig, Hive) supported?
For the latest on Hadoop-Cassandra integration, see HadoopSupport.
Can a Cassandra cluster be multi-tenant?
Most users of Cassandra stand up a cluster for each application or related set of applications as it is much simpler to tune and troubleshoot. There has been work done to support more multi-tenant capabilities such as scheduling and auth. For more information, see MultiTenant. However the well-trodden path is definitely single-tenant.
Who is using Cassandra and for what?
See http://planetcassandra.org/Company/ViewCompany?IndustryId=-1.
Are there any OBDC drivers for Cassandra?
Yes: http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/using-the-datastax-odbc-driver-for-apache-cassandra
Are there ways to do logging directly to Cassandra?
For information on logging directly to Cassandra, see LoggingToCassandra.
On RHEL nodes are unable to join the ring
Check if selinux is on; if it is, turn it OFF.
Is there an authentication/authorization mechanism for Cassandra?
Yes. For details, see ExtensibleAuth.
How do I bulk load data into Cassandra?
See BulkLoading
How do I unsubscribe from the email list?
Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com
Why does top report that Cassandra is using a lot more memory than the Java heap max?
Cassandra uses mmap to do zero-copy reads. That is, we use the operating system's virtual memory system to map the sstable data files into the Cassandra process' address space. This will "use" virtual memory; i.e. address space, and will be reported by tools like top accordingly, but on 64 bit systems virtual address space is effectively unlimited so you should not worry about that.
What matters from the perspective of "memory use" in the sense as it is normally meant, is the amount of data allocated on brk() or mmap'd /dev/zero, which represent real memory used. The key issue is that for a mmap'd file, there is never a need to retain the data resident in physical memory. Thus, whatever you do keep resident in physical memory is essentially just there as a cache, in the same way as normal I/O will cause the kernel page cache to retain data that you read/write.
The difference between normal I/O and mmap() is that in the mmap() case the memory is actually mapped to the process, thus affecting the virtual size as reported by top. The main argument for using mmap() instead of standard I/O is the fact that reading entails just touching memory - in the case of the memory being resident, you just read it - you don't even take a page fault (so no overhead in entering the kernel and doing a semi-context switch). This is covered in more detail here.
I'm getting java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "ln" when trying to snapshot or update a keyspace
Updating a keyspace first takes a snapshot. This involves creating hardlinks to the existing SSTables, but Java has no native way to create hard links, so it must fork "ln". When forking, there must be as much memory free as the parent process, even though the child isn't going to use it all. Because Java is a large process, this is problematic. The solution is to install Java Native Access so it can create the hard links itself.
How does Cassandra decide which nodes have what data?
The set of nodes (a single node, or several) responsible for any given piece of data is determined by:
- The row key (data is partitioned on row key)
The replication factor (decides how many nodes are in the replica set for a given row)
The replication strategy (decides which nodes are part of said replica set)
In the case of the SimpleStrategy, replicas are placed on succeeding nodes in the ring. The first node is determined by the partitioner and the row key, and the remainder are placed on succeeding node. In the case of NetworkTopologyStrategy placement is affected by data-center and rack awareness, and the placement will depend on how nodes in different racks or data centers are placed in the ring.
It is important to understand that Cassandra does not alter the replica set for a given row key based on changing characteristics like current load, which nodes are up or down, or which node your client happens to talk to.
I have a row or key cache hit rate of 0.XX123456789 reported by JMX. Is that XX% or 0.XX% ?
What are seeds?
Seeds are used during startup to discover the cluster
If you configure your nodes to refer some node as seed, nodes in your ring tend to send Gossip message to seeds more often ( Refer to ArchitectureGossip for details ) than to non-seeds. In other words, seeds are worked as hubs of Gossip network. With seeds, each node can detect status changes of other nodes quickly.
Seeds are also referred by new nodes on bootstrap to learn other nodes in ring. When you add a new node to ring, you need to specify at least one live seed to contact. Once a node join the ring, it learns about the other nodes, so it doesn't need seed on subsequent boot.
Newer versions of cassandra persist the cluster topology making seeds less important then they were in the 0.6.X series, where they were used every startup
You can make a seed a node at any time. There is nothing special about seed nodes. If you list the node in seed list it is a seed
Seeds do not auto bootstrap (ie if a node has itself in its seed list it will not automatically transfer data to itself) If you want a node to do that bootstrap it first and then add it to seeds later. If you have no data (new install) you do not have to worry about bootstrap or autobootstrap at all.
Recommended usage of seeds:
- pick two (or more) nodes per data center as seed nodes.
- sync the seed list to all your nodes
Does single seed mean single point of failure?
The ring can operate or boot without a seed; however, you will not be able to add new nodes to the cluster. It is recommended to configure multiple seeds in production system.
Why can't I call jmx method X on jconsole? (ex. getNaturalEndpoints)
Some of JMX operations can't be called with jconsole because the buttons are inactive for them. Jconsole doesn't support array argument, so operations which need array as arugument can't be invoked on jconsole. You need to write a JMX client to call such operations or need array-capable JMX monitoring tool.
What's the maximum key size permitted?
The key (and column names) must be under 64K bytes.
Routing is O(N) of the key size and querying and updating are O(N log N). In practice these factors are usually dwarfed by other overhead, but some users with very large "natural" keys use their hashes instead to cut down the size.
I'm using Ubuntu with JNA, and weird things keep hanging and stalling and blocking and printing scary tracebacks in dmesg!
We have come across several different, but similar, sets of symptoms that might match what you're seeing. They might all have the same root cause; it's not clear. One common piece is messages like this in dmesg:
INFO: task (some_taskname):(some_pid) blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
It does not seem that anyone has had the time to track this down to the real root cause, but it does seem that upgrading the linux-image package and rebooting your instances fixes it. There is likely some bug in several of the kernel builds distributed by Ubuntu which is fixed in later versions. Versions of linux-image-* which are known not to have this problem include:
- linux-image-2.6.38-10-virtual (2.6.38-10.46) (Ubuntu 11.04/Natty Narwhal)
- linux-image-2.6.35-24-virtual (2.6.35-24.42) (Ubuntu 10.10/Maverick Meerkat)
Uninstalling libjna-java or recompiling Cassandra with CLibrary.tryMlockall()'s mlockall() call commented out also make at least some sorts of this problem go away, but that's a lot less desirable of a fix.
If you have more information on the problem and better ways to avoid it, please do update this space.
What are schema disagreement errors and how do I fix them?
Prior to Cassandra 1.1 and 1.2, Cassandra schema updates assume that schema changes are done one-at-a-time. If you make multiple changes at the same time, you can cause some nodes to end up with a different schema, than others. (Before 0.7.6, this can also be caused by cluster system clocks being substantially out of sync with each other.)
To fix schema disagreements, you need to force the disagreeing nodes to rebuild their schema. Here's how:
Open the cassandra-cli and run: 'connect localhost/9160;', then 'describe cluster;'. You'll see something like this:
[default@unknown] describe cluster; Cluster Information: Snitch: org.apache.cassandra.locator.SimpleSnitch Partitioner: org.apache.cassandra.dht.RandomPartitioner Schema versions: 75eece10-bf48-11e0-0000-4d205df954a7: [192.168.1.9, 192.168.1.25] 5a54ebd0-bd90-11e0-0000-9510c23fceff: [192.168.1.27]
Note which schemas are in the minority and mark down those IPs -- in the above example, 192.168.1.27. Login to each of those machines and cleaninly stop the Cassandra service/process, typically by running:
- nodetool disablethrift
- nodetool disablegossip
- nodetool drain
'sudo service cassandra stop' or 'kill <pid>'.
At the end of this process the commit log directory (/var/lib/cassandra/commitlog) should contain only a single small file.
Remove the Schema* and Migration* sstables inside of your system keyspace (/var/lib/cassandra/data/system, if you're using the defaults).
After starting Cassandra again, this node will notice the missing information and pull in the correct schema from one of the other nodes. In version 1.0.X and before the schema is applied one mutation at a time. While it is being applied the node may log messages, such as the one below, that a Column Family cannot be found. These messages can be ignored.
ERROR [MutationStage:1] 2012-05-18 16:23:15,664 RowMutationVerbHandler.java (line 61) Error in row mutation org.apache.cassandra.db.UnknownColumnFamilyException: Couldn't find cfId=1012
To confirm everything is on the same schema, verify that 'describe cluster;' only returns one schema version.
Why do I see "... messages dropped.." in the logs?
This is a symptom of load shedding -- Cassandra defending itself against more requests than it can handle.
Internode messages which are received by a node, but do not get not to be processed within rpc_timeout are dropped rather than processed. As the coordinator node will no longer be waiting for a response. If the Coordinator node does not receive Consistency Level responses before the rpc_timeout it will return a TimedOutException to the client. If the coordinator receives Consistency Level responses it will return success to the client.
For MUTATION messages this means that the mutation was not applied to all replicas it was sent to. The inconsistency will be repaired by Read Repair or Anti Entropy Repair.
For READ messages this means a read request may not have completed.
Load shedding is part of the Cassandra architecture, if this is a persistent issue it is generally a sign of an overloaded node or cluster.
Cassandra dies with "java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Map failed"
IF Cassandra is dying specifically with the "Map failed" message it means the OS is denying java the ability to lock more memory. In linux, this typically means memlock is limited. Check /proc/<pid of cassandra>/limits to verify this and raise it (eg, via ulimit in bash.) You may also need to increase vm.max_map_count. Note that the debian and redhat packages handle this for you automatically.
Why should I avoid order-preserving partitioners?
See Partitioners.
What happens if two updates are made with the same timestamp?
Updates must be commutative, since they may arrive in different orders on different replicas. As long as Cassandra has a deterministic way to pick the winner, the one selected is as valid as any other, and the specifics should be treated as an implementation detail. That said, in the case of a timestamp tie, Cassandra follows two rules: first, deletes take precedence over inserts/updates. Second, if there are two updates, the one with the lexically larger value is selected.
Why bootstrapping a new node fails with a "Stream failed" error?
Two main possibilities:
- the GC may be creating long pauses disrupting the streaming process
- compactions happening in the background hold streaming long enough that the TCP connection fails
In the first case, regular GC tuning advices apply. In the second case, you need to set TCP keepalive to a lower value (default is very high on Linux). Try to just run the following:
$ sudo /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=60 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=60 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=5
To make those settings permanent, add them to your /etc/sysctl.conf file.
Note: GCE's firewall will always interrupt TCP connections that are inactive for more than 10 min. Running the above command is highly recommended in that environment.


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