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Today the Western world is divided between two visions of our economic future. One vision is of austerity and the other is of growth. One is of hope and possibility, the other of despair and cynicism. The battle between these two visions has divided the United States and the entire Western world.
And both of them can be found in in President Obama latest budget.
It's almost as if the President decided that if the Republicans can't provide him with a challenger worthy of this debate, he'll conduct it with himself.
Double Vision
In one vision, the excesses and errors of the 1 percent have left the Western world too broke to fulfill its social contract with anyone but the wealthiest among us. Middle class and lower-income citizens must be abandoned to face a future of ever-dwindling resources. Government's only permissible spending is on wasteful military systems that enrich wealthy contractors and their corporations.
In the other vision, government retains its role as an engine of growth and change. It's wise enough to invest in long-term expansion before pivoting to address its deficit problems. It manages its budget, not "like a family," but like a business – one that understands that well-timed investment is the key to continued growth and prosperity, In today's world, that means investing in jobs, research, education, health, and infrastructure.
The President's budget won't pass, of course. The Republicans have made it clear that they would rather reject anything he proposes.At least the President's learning to fail more effectively than he's done in the past. He's finally starting to draw the clear distinction between growth and greed that the left's been advising him to make all along.
But he's still repeating the failed deficit logic of the past, too. Both of these approaches can be found in his budget. Which President will win the day?
Pro-Growth Obama
In this budget the Pro-Growth, Pro-Fairness President commits himself to real spending for jobs, with less of the smoke-and-mirrors pseudo-spending represented by tax cuts and other gimmicks. He commits to $476 billion in transportation spending, $141 billion in research and development, and additional spending on education and other initiatives.
The budget presentation given to the press by Alan Krueger, who chairs the President's Council of Economic Advisors, was as eloquent an explanation of our economic situation as has been given from the White House in many decades.
The Pro-Growth President would end the Bush tax cuts for income over $250,000 (which is not the same as "ending Bush-era tax cuts for families who earn more than $250,000," as the Wall Street Journal should know. A family that earns $250,001 would only lose that tax break for $1 in income. C'mon, guys, get it right.)
The Pro-Growth President also ends the 15 percent cap on dividends for earnings above $250,000 and imposes the "Buffett rule" of a 30 percent minimum tax rate for high earners. And it would collect $61 billion from Wall Street with a "Financial Crisis Responsibility Fee."
Well done, Mr. Pro-Growth President!
Austerity Obama
Unfortunately, with this budget Barack Obama also presents himself as the Austerity President. That's the same President who turned the economic reins over to failed economic thinkers – the kind who bullied down Christina Romer's $1.8 trillion stimulus recommendation, which conceivably could have ended the Great Recession and helped the 23 million Americans who are still un- or under-employed.
The Austerity President once again commits himself to the meaningless – and potentially reckless – goal of reducing the Federal deficit by $4 trillion over the next ten years. Most economic experts agree that a period of pro-growth spending should be followed by a concerted effort to address the Federal deficit. But it's too early to know when and how that should best be done.
By committing to this artificial goal, the President is reinforcing the pro-austerity arguments of his opponents – and of the decision-makers who have gutted Europe's economy and thrown it into another recession.
How badly has austerity wounded Europe? Its economy shrank by 0.3 percent in the last quarter of 2011. The deceleration continued throughout 2011: 0.8 percent growth in the first quarter, 0.2 percent growth in the second quarter, 0.1 percent growth in the third quarter, and -0.3 percent growth in the fourth quarter.
Italy swallowed the recessionary pill forced on it and is now officially in its fourth recession in the last ten years. It's not even really deficit reduction: The more Greece accedes to the demands of the Austerians, the worse its deficit becomes.
Heck of a job, Sarkozy and Merkel-ie! If that's not recession, it's recession's first cousin come for a very long visit.
Weak Tea
The Austerity President is too diffident to propose corporate tax changes that would significantly increase overall collections, even though the real tax rate for US companies is one of the lowest in the developed world. Apparently the fact that corporations are sitting on three trillion dollars in cash isn't enough to convince the White House that our corporate tax structure is seriously askew.
The Austerity President's pro-growth measures are still too small. Even if they were enacted, millions would still go without the work they need and want. $476 billion over six years is less than $80 billion per year. We need a short, sharp infusion of several times that amount to create jobs and restart the economy. We need it for 23 million people who need work, for an entire generation that's beginning its work life under the twin shadows of debt and unemployment, and for especially hard-hit minority workers.
Rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure alone will take an estimated $1.7 trillion, according to the American Society of Civil Engineers, and if it isn't done the entire economy will suffer.
And asking banks to pay $61 billion over ten years for destroying the economy is equally timid. That's $6.1 billion per year, which is a tiny fraction of the $20 billion bankers paid themselves in bonuses in 2010 alone, three years after destroying the economy and being rescued by the same taxpayers they continued to mistreat.
Austerity Cuts
The Austerity President's budget cuts social programs by a devastating 14 percent, after years of skyrocketing poverty and barely-abated widespread unemployment, much of it at historically high long-term levels As Karen Dolan notes, cuts would affect health care services, career opportunities programs for low-income people, Children's mental health services, housing for disabled people and people with HIV/AIDS, Rental Assistance benefits for low-income people, Community Development Block Grants, and programs in the National Park Service.
The Austerity President's budget cuts funding for the Department of Labor by five percent, a reduction that will mean less enforcement of working people's rights – and therefore less financial security for the middle class. As we should have learned by now, the middle class is the engine of economic growth. Anything that cuts into its prosperity hurts the entire economy.
The Austerity President's budget ends Saturday mail delivery, meaning that staffing cuts would presumably follow, and would impose an additional middle-class tax by allowing it to increase postal rates more quickly than the rate of inflation.
The cuts to Medicare place the burden on seniors, not on runaway health profits. They're just tinkering with a broken system. The Austerity President would rather not address the systemic problem that profit-making incentives present to our health economy. Increasing out-of-pocket costs and making overly crude cuts to provider reimbursement aren't the solutions we need.
The Austerity President cuts $33 billion for the Superfund to clean up toxic waste. It cuts $359 in Environmental Protection Agency funds for safe drinking water infrastructure, which is a doubly bad idea since it also costs the economy much-needed jobs. It even cuts $459 million in heating oil assistance for low-income households, which is very badly timed given oil's unexplained price increases lately.
The Austerity President's budget even cuts bacteria testing for produce, a reduction that fits in with the Austerity President's penchant for echoing anti-regulatory rhetoric from the right.
Austerity = Military Spending
Like other so-called austerity thinkers, this Austerity President makes an exception to his anti-spending beliefs when it comes to massive military expenditures. Despite the advertised Pentagon "cuts" – which are really reductions in the rate of growth – the President's budget spends more than half a trillion dollars for military spending in our post-Cold War world in 2013 alone.
$535 billion in spending goes to standard Department of Defense operations, while another $88.5 billion goes to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Homeland Security and the intelligence agencies account for nearly $100 billion in additional spending.
How much is the Administration planning to spend in its much-touted expansion of its investigation into the Wall Street fraud that shattered the economy? $55 million in new spending, That's $55 million in new spending to combat securities and mortgage fraud, versus nearly three quarters of a trillion in national security spending. $55 million is roughly 1/500th of the Justice Department's total budget.
Two Vision, One Budget – and an Election
The President deserves praise for submitting a budget that's much better than those of earlier years. He has clearly learned that progressives have been giving him the right advice all along: Americans want someone who will fight for them, someone who will articulate a vision of government's role in securing a better life for all of us. This budget makes that case. But it also repeats some of the erroneous assumptions and flawed austerity thinking that's been so thoroughly discredited by Europe's recent experience.
Sadly, the negative ideas are still at least as visible in this budget as the newer, more constructive ones. It's not clear what advantage the President and his advisers think he'll gain from amplifying the right's messaging and muddying his own. Do they really think they'll stop calling him a "socialist"?
If the economy is still seen as improving throughout the year – and given the low quality of opponents the Republicans seem determined to send his way – the Two-Vision President could win handily. But if there are more setbacks – a European bank crisis, more oil shocks – the President will need to articulate a clear, unadulterated vision of economic growth. The ambiguity of this budget won't help him do that, and there are land mines that could hurt him with key constituencies.
Last year at this time we were facing a Washington consensus that seemed unaware of the economic reality faced by most people outside the Beltway. This year that's changed. At least there's a raging debate underway between the forces of what the austerity extremists call "creative destruction" – but which is really just destruction – and those who would restore our country to its past prosperity, a task which can and should be done.
It's too bad that both of these forces are led by the same person. The right policies are finally being discussed in Washington. But they're in danger of being drowned out – by the same voice that's articulating them.


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BubbleSort Won't Leave a Bathtub Ring
I thought this was going to be my third and final post about parallelizing Bubblesort. However, my last idea on the subject went a bit long in the explanation. Therefore, some setup here and code in the next post.
Up to this point I've been describing a task parallel decomposition scheme. Each pass through the data is a task. If there are multiple threads executing different tasks on the same data, we need to assure that those tasks don't overlap in the data they are considering for exchange.
To accomplish this I set up virtual zones in the data that were protected by requiring a thread to hold a lock object associated to the zone before that thread could proceed to examine and exchange items in a zone. Thus, if a thread is currently within a zone that a trailing thread desires to enter, the coveting thread must wait for the preceding thread to finish data manipulations within the zone and release the lock object for that zone.
Besides task decomposition, there is another general approach to parallel algorithms: data decomposition. That is, rather than consider how to divide up the independent tasks than can be run independently to solve the problem, think about dividing the large data set into independent subsets that can be computed on in parallel. For example, to forecast tomorrow's weather for your local area, you can divide that area up into smaller subregions. Then, starting with the current conditions in each region, you can run the prediction algorithm on each region. Each region's computation will be (almost) independent of the computations in the other regions. (I say "almost" since weather at the boundaries of a region, coming from another region, tends to influence the upcoming weather in the target region. As the simulation progresses, wind can blow rain or snow or heat across the region boundaries. There will need to be some coordination of border conditions as the computation proceeds.) The more regions used to divide up the area, the more parallelism can be brought to computing a solution, but the less work there will be within each region and the more synchronization needed to keep the computations across region boundaries coordinated.
Many problems have both a task decomposition and a data decomposition. The code may turn out to be the same, but the mindset that the programmer uses to describe the parallel solution will be different. One of my favorite examples to illustrate this dichotomy is the grading of exams in a large university class with hundreds of students. A cadre of student teaching assistants does the actual grading in these situations. A task parallel solution would be to assign each assistant's grading duty based on the type of question asked. One student will grade the True-False questions, another will grade the short answers section, another might do the essay questions, and so on.

subset: commoncrawl


text: American President Essays: James A. Garfield ↑ American President Home James A. Garfield: Life in Brief James A. Garfield is remembered as one of the four "lost Presidents" who served rather uneventfully after the Civil War. Of the four lost Presidents—Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, and Harrison—Garfield is best remembered for his dramatic assassination a mere 100 days after he assumed office. From Poverty to Politics The youngest of five children born on a poor farm on the outskirts of Cleveland, Ohio, Garfield is perhaps the poorest man ever to have become President. Supporting himself as a part-time teacher, a carpenter, and even a janitor through college, he was an idealistic young man who identified with the antislavery tenets of the new Republican Party. After graduating from Williams College, Garfield studied law on his own and passed the Ohio bar exams in 1861 before throwing himself into politics and winning a seat in the Ohio legislature. Garfield was a loyal Unionist who built a reputation as a Civil War hero that earned him a seat in the House of Representatives without ever having campaigned. During Garfield's congressional terms, debates raged between legislators who demanded that all U.S. money be backed by gold and the "Silverites" and "Greenbackers," who wanted to issue paper currency and coin silver more freely in an attempt to alleviate pressing debts, especially those of struggling farmers. Garfield advocated hard money policies backed by gold, making him a favorite with eastern "Gold Bug" Republicans. He opposed cooperative farm programs such as those supported by the Grange, an agrarian organization; labor unions; the eight-hour workday; and federally funded relief projects. Like many men in office, Garfield had a scandal to live down. He was implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal in which congressmen who owned stock in Credit Mobilier, a construction company for the transcontinental Union Pacific Railroad, were accused of turning a blind eye to corruption in the company. In 1876, Garfield supported the reform-minded Rutherford B. Hayes for President. To soothe Democrats who were enraged by Hayes's election after disputes about the electoral returns from several key states, he supported the Compromise of 1877, which ended the military occupation of the South. Garfield also had a talent for achieving compromise between the "Stalwart" Republicans, led by Roscoe Conkling (the New York State political boss), and an opposing faction, disparagingly called "Half-Breeds" by Conkling and his allies. Presidential Politicking In the election of 1880, the Republican ticket looked like it would boil down to a fight between former President Ulysses S. Grant and the more moderate James G. Blaine. Garfield surprised everyone, however, by earning an ever-increasing number of votes in the convention balloting. He won the presidential nomination and eventually the election against Democrat Winfield S. Hancock, a Union general who made his mark at Gettysburg. The election was the closest on record. Garfield won by the narrowest of margins and only with the help of the New York political boss Roscoe Conkling, with whom Garfield had agreed to consult on party appointments—had New York gone Democratic, Garfield would have lost the presidency. Both James and Lucretia Garfield were devout members of a relatively new Protestant denomination, the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). "Crete" devoted herself to raising the Garfield's five children, all of whom grew up to have rather distinguished careers. Though she dreamed of refurbishing the executive mansion, Mrs. Garfield caught malaria from the swamps behind the White House before she could begin the project. Eventually, she enjoyed a complete recovery and lived to the ripe old age of eighty-six. Since Garfield was struck down four months into his term, historians can only speculate as to what his presidency might have been like. Garfield was assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau, an emotionally disturbed man who had failed to gain an appointment in Garfield's administration. Garfield did have time to appoint his cabinet, however, and in doing so, he refused to cave in to Stalwart pressure, enraging Senator Conkling, who resigned in protest. Had Garfield served his term, historians speculate that he would have been determined to move toward civil service reform and carry on in the clean government tradition of President Hayes. He also supported education for black southerners and called for African American suffrage, as he stressed in his inaugural address. Unfortunately, he is best remembered for his assassination. And although his killer was insane, Garfield's greatest legacy was the impact of his death on moving the nation to reform government patronage. James A. Garfield: Life Before the Presidency The youngest of three living children, James Abram Garfield was born on November 19, 1831, on a frontier farm in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. He spent his youth helping his near penniless, widowed mother, Eliza, work her farm outside of Cleveland, Ohio. He never knew his father, Abram Garfield, a strong man known for his wrestling abilities, who had died when James was scarcely an infant. Like his father, James was good with his fists and loved the outdoors, but he never liked farming. He dreamed instead of becoming a sailor. At age sixteen, Garfield ran away to work on the canal boats that shuttled commerce between Cleveland and Pittsburgh. During his six weeks on the boats, he fell overboard fourteen times, finally catching such a fever that he had to return home. While recovering, Garfield vowed to make his way in the world using brains rather than brawn. Education, Early Career, and Civil War Service Determined to succeed, Garfield worked as a carpenter and part-time teacher while attending Geauga Academy, located in Chester, Ohio. He supported himself with a part-time teaching position at a district school. From 1851 to 1854, he studied at the Eclectic Institute in Hiram, Ohio, and earned his living as a school janitor. In 1854, at the age of twenty-three, James entered Williams College in western Massachusetts as a junior; he was one of the oldest students enrolled in this institution. In 1850, at age eighteen, Garfield experienced a religious conversion and was baptized into the denomination of his parents, the Disciples of Christ. He thrived intellectually at Williams. He relished the opportunity to hear Ralph Waldo Emerson and the challenge of confronting the strong personality of Williams's president, Mark Hopkins. He fancied himself a reformer, identifying with the antislavery beliefs of the new Republican Party. Though a serious student, James enjoyed hunting, fishing, billiards, and drink in moderation, refusing to take the temperance pledge or to join in its cause. He also enjoyed the ladies, dating three young women simultaneously. Garfield eventually fell in love with Lucretia "Crete" Rudolph, one of his classmates at the Eclectic Institute. An attractive young lady, she possessed a keen intellect and equaled Garfield in her appetite for knowledge. While Garfield finished his studies at Williams, she taught school. After graduating from Williams with honors in 1856, Garfield returned to the Eclectic Institute. Though formally an instructor in classical languages, he taught a wide variety of courses, including English, history, geology, and mathematics. By this time, he was a Disciples minister. From 1857 to 1861, he served as president of the institute, though he found the faculty bickering intolerable. In 1858, he and Lucretia got married. Studying law on his own, he passed the Ohio bar exam in 1861. In 1856, Garfield campaigned in Ohio for John C. Frémont, presidential candidate of the newly formed Republican Party. Three years later, he threw himself into state politics, becoming the youngest member of the Ohio legislature. An enthusiastic abolitionist, Garfield believed that under no circumstances could the institution of slavery be allowed to extend into any of the western territories. Although he did not condone John Brown's bloody raid on Harpers Ferry, he believed that Brown's trial and execution would "be the dawn of a better day." In the presidential election of 1860, Garfield campaigned for Abraham Lincoln. When Southern states began to withdraw from the Union, Garfield came out strongly against secession and urged the federal government to respond with force. He said, "I am inclined to believe that the sin of slavery is one of which it may be said that without the shedding of blood there is no remission." He welcomed the fall of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, believing it would unite Northern sentiment in support of waging war on the Confederacy. In mid-August 1861, Garfield organized the 42nd Ohio Infantry, rising from lieutenant colonel to full colonel within a few weeks. Twice he gained distinction: In January 1862 at the battle of Middle Creek, his greatly outnumbered brigade defeated the Confederates, thereby leaving him in control of eastern Kentucky. In September 1863 at Chickamauga, he made a daring ride under enemy fire. By then, he was a major general, the youngest officer to hold this rank. Garfield served as chief of staff under Major General William S. Rosecrans, commander of the Army of the Cumberland, though he undermined his superior by supplying negative information to the War Department. In December 1863, Garfield resigned from the Army to take his seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, to which the war hero had been elected the previous November without ever having campaigned. Congressman Garfield During the war years, Garfield distinguished himself as one of the most radical Republicans in Congress. Even though he had campaigned for Lincoln, he never really liked the President and considered him a "second-rate Illinois lawyer" who had failed to vigorously prosecute the war. Garfield supported the seizure of rebel property in the North and the execution or exile of Confederate leaders. In the election of 1864, while campaigning for reelection, he scarcely mentioned the President. Over time, during his eight terms of office, Congressman Garfield tempered his youthful radicalism, becoming a seasoned politician. He developed an ability to work for compromise while still defending the core interests of his Western Reserve constituency. To some observers, Garfield's ability to walk a middle road smacked of opportunism. To others, it was the mark of a practical politician. During Reconstruction, Garfield differed from his more radical colleagues, often supporting moderation toward the defeated South. However, he eventually voted for the impeachment of President Johnson. In 1868 and 1872, he backed Ulysses S. Grant for President, though he possessed grave reservations about the general's administrative abilities and political wisdom. As a congressman, Garfield became an expert on financial matters by serving on key committees. He held various positions, including chairman of the Banking and Currency Committee, the Appropriations Committee, and the Military Affairs Committee. He was also a member of the House Ways and Means Committee. In that capacity, he advocated hard money policies despite the soft money, or inflationary, sentiment of his home district. He opposed all efforts to inflate the supply of money through the issuance of paper currency unbacked by gold; use of the unbacked greenback dollars (printed during the Civil War) to redeem government bonds; or free and unlimited coinage of silver into coins. This hard money stance made him a favorite with eastern "Gold Bug" Republicans in their fight to keep the nation's money supply from expanding. As creditors, "Gold Bugs," usually bankers and wholesalers, did not want the money they had loaned out to be paid back with less valuable or inflated paper dollars—dollars that were worth less in their purchasing power than the dollars they had advanced to their debt-owing customers and business clients. (See the Cleveland and Harrison presidential biographies for further discussion of the money issue during the Gilded Age.)Garfield also disliked the various cooperative farm programs supported by the Grange, the major voice of the embattled farmers and a group that advocated legislation ("Granger laws") regulating railroads. To the Ohio congressman, they represented "communism in disguise." On the tariff issue, Garfield took a middle line, advocating moderate and low tariff rates in response to the demands of his rural constituents for cheap European manufactured goods. However, when it came to the interests of his own district, he drew the line, for example, when they demanded a high tariff on pig iron. He opposed labor unions, fought the eight-hour workday for federal workers, and believed that federal troops should be used to break up strikes. During the economic depression of the 1870s, he was so concerned about government spending that he opposed federally funded relief projects. During his congressional tenure, Garfield was also identified as one of several congressmen who had accepted stock in Credit Mobilier, a construction company for the transcontinental Union Pacific Railroad that had received loans and land grants from the government. The congressmen involved were accused of using their influence to weaken congressional oversight of the company, thereby permitting the company officers to pay themselves huge expenses and salaries. Garfield admitted that he had received only $329 from the company. He also drew opposition because he voted for a retroactive salary increase and was linked to a corrupt paving contract. In 1874, his constituents returned him to the House, but this time the election was hard fought. In the presidential election of 1876, Garfield supported Ohio's governor, Rutherford B. Hayes, for President, in part because of Hayes's "sound money" position and in part because his sheer blandness might make him stronger than such polarizing rivals as Senators Roscoe Conkling of New York and James G. Blaine of Maine. Garfield served on the electoral commission that investigated the disputed electoral college returns from South Carolina, Louisiana, Florida, and Oregon. He voted with the seven other Republicans on the controversial fifteen-member committee to give Hayes the election by awarding all the delegates from these disputed states to the Republicans. Indeed, he was one of the "visiting statesmen" who approved the official Republican returns of the contested state of Louisiana. To soothe enraged Democrats who controlled the House of Representatives, Garfield worked behind the scenes in support of the Compromise of 1877, which ended military occupation of the South and brought at least one southern Democrat into Hayes's cabinet. During Hayes's administration, Garfield served as the Republican minority leader of the House, earning a reputation as a political strategist able to achieve compromise among the various factions within the increasingly splintered party. One group of Republicans rallied around Senator Conkling of New York, who, along with Senators J. Donald Cameron of Pennsylvania and John A. Logan of Illinois, concentrated on a harsh southern policy and sought the return of Ulysses S. Grant to the White House. They called themselves "Stalwarts," while labeling their party rivals mere "Half-Breeds." The "Half-Breeds," led by Senator Blaine, focused their attention on the need for a high tariff. But little separated the two factions—both sought the spoils of power and patronage. James A. Garfield: Campaigns and Elections The Campaign and Election of 1880: President Rutherford B. Hayes had vowed to be a one-term President, and he kept his pledge. When Republicans convened in Chicago in June 1880, the fight for the nomination stood between former President Ulysses S. Grant, a Stalwart, and James G. Blaine, the Half-Breed senator from Maine. Garfield, head of the Ohio delegation and chairman of the Convention Rules Committee, backed Treasury Secretary John Sherman of Ohio, a veteran of both the House and the Senate. Though he bore the cross of dullness, Sherman might emerge as the ideal compromise candidate. Garfield nominated Sherman. The convention deadlocked through the next thirty-three ballots, with Grant leading, followed by Blaine and Sherman. Throughout the convention balloting, Garfield had received one or two courtesy votes on each roll call. On the thirty-fourth ballot, Wisconsin cast sixteen votes for Garfield. On the next ballot, Garfield received fifty votes. The move became a stampede on the thirty-sixth ballot as the Blaine and Sherman forces rallied to the Ohio congressman, who had been elected by the Ohio state legislature to the U.S. Senate just prior to the Republican convention. Garfield won 399 votes to Grant's 306, putting him over the top and giving him the Republican nomination. Conkling's friend and protege, Chester A. Arthur, former customs collector at the Port of New York, received the party's nomination for vice president with Garfield's endorsement. Conkling warned Arthur against accepting the slot, predicting Garfield's defeat and urging him to "drop it as you would a red hot shoe from the forge." Arthur responded that the "office of the Vice-President is a great honor than I ever dreamed of attaning." Arthur's nomination had been organized behind Garfield's back. Garfield reluctantly approved, knowing he needed Stalwart support to emerge victorious. When Samuel J. Tilden, former New York governor and the Democratic nominee in 1876, withdrew his name from consideration, the Democrats nominated Winfield S. Hancock, a Civil War hero and career Army officer. Hancock had seen Civil War action at Antietam and Gettysburg, where he had blunted Pickett's Charge. He also fought in the Wilderness campaign and at a dozen other engagements as well. He served as the military governor of Louisiana and Texas during Reconstruction, running afoul of Radical Republicans when his policies supported whites and Democrats over blacks and carpetbaggers. The presidential campaign revealed few differences between the candidates, except for the tariff. Hancock stumbled when he dismissed the tariff issue as "a local question." Democrats attacked Garfield for his part in the Credit Mobilier scandal. Following President Hayes's advice, Garfield kept a low profile during the campaign. Since Garfield was, quite correctly, perceived as tied far more to the Half-Breeds than to the Stalwarts, he immediately realized that he had to mend political fences. On August 5, he met with party leaders, though not Conkling, in New York City. During an exchange of views, Garfield promised to recognize all party factions, including the Stalwarts, when presidential appointments were made. Though the terms were vague and ambiguous, pundits dubbed the conference the "Treaty of Fifth Avenue." Both Conkling and Garfield knew that the electoral votes in New York might well prove decisive in the election. In one of the closest elections on record, Garfield beat Hancock by a mere 7,368 votes, less than one-tenth of one percent of the total votes cast. Taking such minor parties as the Greenbackers and Prohibitionists into account, Garfield received only 48.3 percent. His support was much stronger in the electoral college, where he received 214 votes to Hancock's 155. Each candidate carried nineteen states. Garfield won the northern and midwestern states while Hancock carried the South and most of the border states. Had New York gone Democratic, resulting in a shift of a few thousand votes in each state, Hancock would have won in the electoral college. James A. Garfield: Domestic Affairs The great American novelist Thomas Wolfe, in his book From Death to Morning (1935), once referred to Garfield as one of the "lost presidents": Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, and Hayes, time of my father's time, blood of his blood, life of his life, . . . were the lost Americans: their gravely vacant and bewhiskered faces mixed, melted, swam together in the sea depths of a past intangible, immeasurable, and unknowable as the buried city of Persepolis. And they were lost. For who was Garfield, martyred man, and who had seen him in the streets of life? Who could believe that his footfalls ever sounded on a lonely pavement? Who had heard the casual and familiar tones of Chester Arthur? Where was Harrison? Where was Hayes? Which had the whiskers, which the burnsides: Which was which? Were they not lost?"Struck down by an assassin's bullet just one hundred days after his inauguration, Garfield had little time to achieve much. A good deal of time was spent over one appointment, the collectorship of the Port of New York. The port served as the greatest patronage plum in the nation, as the city's harbor collected more revenue than all other American ports combined. Garfield replaced General Edwin A. Merritt, a reformer, with William H. Robertson, president pro tem of the New York Senate and a strong Half-Breed. Since the Stalwarts saw the collectorship as a reward for support during the campaign, they were outraged. Over the years, Conkling's machine had relied upon "senatorial courtesy" to select the individual to occupy this key position. By this practice, senators, rather than the President, could choose or veto federal officials from their states. For several months, the Senate of the United States was tied up. Only when Conkling and his senatorial colleague, Thomas C. Platt of New York, resigned their offices in protest did Garfield win the fight, thereby becoming the undisputed party leader. Garfield was able to put his financial expertise, which was acquired through his congressional committee experience, to work by recalling government bonds that were paying 6 percent interest. The Treasury was able to refinance them at 3.5 percent, which saved $10 million annually—about 4 percent of the overall budget at that time. Amid tremendous intraparty strife, Garfield managed to appoint his cabinet. In a most polarizing move, the new President insisted upon having James G. Blaine as secretary of state. In the important Treasury post, Garfield broke openly with Conkling when he appointed William Windom of Minnesota; Garfield insisted that he wanted someone free from the influence of eastern bankers. Garfield appointed the son of Abraham Lincoln, Robert T. Lincoln, as his secretary of war, principally because of the prestige associated with the Lincoln name. For attorney general, Garfield named Wayne McVeagh, a Philadelphia lawyer and a member of the anti-Grant faction of the party. The sixty-seven-year-old Samuel J. Kirkwood, wartime governor of Iowa, took the Interior slot while William Henry Hunt, an attorney from New Orleans, was chosen as secretary of the Navy. Thomas L. James, postmaster of New York, assumed the postmaster general's office. James had been a Stalwart, but he was loyal to Garfield. In 1881, the Post Office Department was the largest department in the federal government, housing over half the federal bureaucracy. Not surprisingly, it was prone to much corruption. As Garfield assumed the presidency, what was known as the Star Route Scandal erupted. It centered on the granting of federal contracts to private stagecoach and wagon agencies involved in serving isolated areas of the West. The affair shocked the nation, implicating members of Garfield's own party in the sale of postal route contracts in return for payoffs. James A. Garfield: Foreign Affairs James A. Garfield's foreign policy activities were limited to filling vacant diplomatic positions, most notably his appointments of writer James Russell Lowell as U.S. minister to England and Lew Wallace, a former Union general and popular writer, to the post in Turkey. Garfield had hoped that Wallace might write a novel equal to his best-seller Ben Hur based on his experiences in the region. During Garfield's short term in office, Secretary of State Blaine was so involved with patronage matters that he had little time to deal with Latin American affairs, the Chinese immigration issue, or fishing disputes with the British in the Pacific—all of which demanded his attention. James A. Garfield: Death of the President On July 2, 1881, at 9:20 a.m., James A. Garfield was shot in the back as he walked with Secretary of State Blaine in Washington's Baltimore and Potomac train station. The proud President was preparing to leave for Williams College—he planned to introduce his two sons to his alma mater. The shots came from a .44 British Bulldog, which the assassin, Charles J. Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum. Garfield's doctors were unable to remove the bullet, which was lodged in the President's pancreas. On September 19, 1881, the President died of blood poisoning and complications from the shooting in his hospital rooms at Elberon, a village on the New Jersey shore, where his wife lay ill with malaria. Guiteau, age thirty-nine at the time, was known around Washington as an emotionally disturbed man. He had killed Garfield because of the President's refusal to appoint him to a European consulship. In planning this violent act, Guiteau stalked Garfield for weeks. On the day Garfield died, Guiteau wrote to now President Chester A. Arthur, "My inspiration is a godsend to you and I presume that you appreciate it. . . . Never think of Garfield's removal as murder. It was an act of God, resulting from a political necessity for which he was responsible." At his trial, the jury deliberated one hour before returning a guilty verdict. Sentenced to be hanged, Guiteau climbed the scaffold on June 30, 1882, convinced that he had done God's work. James A. Garfield: Family Life Because Garfield never knew his father, he always held a special place in his heart for his mother, to whom he credited his success. Eliza Ballou Garfield, the first mother of a President to attend her son's inauguration, survived her son's death by seven years. She lived at the White House with her son's family during Garfield's brief term of office. She was a frail woman who dressed only in black and wore a lace handkerchief on her head to hide her thinning white hair. Garfield, a strong man, standing over six feet in height, personally carried his mother up and down the White House stairs. When Garfield was assassinated in 1881, he had four sons and one daughter who ranged in age from nine (Abram) to nineteen (Harry). Two other children had died in infancy. His daughter Mary "Mollie", age fourteen in 1881, met her husband, Joseph Stanley-Brown, who was Garfield's presidential secretary, while living in the White House. The other two boys, James, age sixteen, and Irvin, age eleven, kept the President and his wife busy and happy with their youthful escapades. The children all grew up to be successful and productive citizens. In 1908, Harry, a professor of politics at Princeton, became the president of Williams College. During World War I, he also served as Woodrow Wilson's fuel administrator. In 1907, James became secretary of the Interior under President Theodore Roosevelt. Irvin became a successful corporate lawyer in Boston, and Abram, a graduate of MIT, worked as an architect in Cleveland. Mary, whose husband became a prominent investment banker, was active in civic affairs in New York and Pasadena, California. James A. Garfield: The American Franchise In the decade prior to Garfield's election in 1880, Republicans and Democrats were nearly equal in number in the Senate and the House of Representatives. In most years, a slight majority of Democrats in the House faced a bare majority of Republicans in the Senate. This equal division in government reflected a similar division among the nation's 50.2 million people. The population had increased by 10 million in the 1870s—of which nearly 3 million were immigrants. As had been the case for most of the century, the two national parties neatly divided the nation's states in the presidential elections—nineteen states to nineteen. Republicans, Democrats, and Party Bosses Voters who cast Republican ballots typically identified with the party's claim to having saved the Union from the rebels. They responded to "waving the bloody shirt," a reference to a Republican congressman who had displayed the bloody shirt of a Northerner beaten by Southern white supremacists. Republicans supported federal pensions to Union Army veterans and cultivated the Grand Army of the Republic, the national organization of Union veterans. They also liked to think of themselves as morally superior to Democrats, usually supporting temperance and calls for decency and morality in politics. On the money issue, most Republicans were opposed to paper currency and the free coinage of silver. On tariffs, they usually came down on the side of protection. Democrats, on the other hand, more frequently defined themselves in terms of what they opposed rather than what they supported. Most Democrats rejected government intervention in the economy, especially protective tariffs and government land grants to railroads. In the North, Irish and German Democrats opposed prohibition, and southern Democrats opposed federal enforcement of voting rights for African Americans. On election day, each party turned out massive numbers of voters. In 1880, nearly 80 percent of the eligible voters cast ballots. Open voting enabled party bosses to check how their people voted and to punish disloyal voters with the loss of jobs and other forms of political intimidation. Most voters supported one party or the other on the basis of ethnicity, race, or religion. Catholic immigrants generally voted Democratic, as did most southern whites. Old-stock Protestants in the North, most Scandinavian and British immigrants as well as most African Americans generally voted for Republican candidates. Agrarian Votes In the 1870s, thousands of midwestern and southern farmers found little reason to support either the Republicans or the Democrats in because neither party seemed able to address the depression in agricultural prices. Farmers who had borrowed heavily to modernize their farms in the 1860s and 1870s found the prices they received for corn, wheat, and cotton dropping badly. At first, many discontented farmers joined the Grange movement, which supported state legislation to regulate rail rates for farm products, cooperative retail and wholesale stores, and the cooperative marketing of crops. When, in the mid-1870s, internal bickering doomed the organization, angry farmers joined the Greenback movement, which ran third-party candidates in the congressional elections of 1878 and the presidential election of 1880. The Greenback Party supported printing paper currency unbacked by gold, which had been done during the Civil War, as a means of raising farm prices. They reasoned that if currency grew more rapidly than the economy (the production of goods), prices would rise as more dollars chased fewer and fewer goods. This would be good for farmers and most debtors. In the presidential election of 1880, Greenback candidate James B. Weaver of Iowa, a Greenback congressman, got only 3.4 percent of the popular vote, or 308,578 votes. (For more information on the electorate in the post-Civil War era to 1900, see the American Franchise section in the Grover Cleveland biography.) James A. Garfield: Impact and Legacy Murdered within months of his inauguration, Garfield served as President too briefly for him to have left much of an impact. Still, his legacy is far more ambiguous than most people realize. His replacement of Merritt shows him not only lacking judgment but acting as a spoilsman himself. His secretary of state, James G. Blaine, conducted foreign policy in, at best, an offhand manner, adding to the burdens of his successor, Chester A. Arthur. Nevertheless, Garfield appeared to be increasingly dependent upon Blaine as his short-lived presidency emerged. Since Garfield was passionately devoted to hard money and a laissez-faire economy, it is doubtful whether he could have really coped with the recession that began in 1881. He might have advanced the cause of civil rights, but without again stationing federal troops in the South, his options were limited. For his reputation, it might have been just as well that he died when he did. He died in the prime of his life, still politically untested. The times did not demand a President in the heroic mold, and Garfield could therefore be remembered as a martyr above all else, as one who truly gave his life for his nation. Citation Information Consulting Editor Justus Doenecke Professor Doenecke is a professor emeritus of history at the New College of Florida. His writings include: The Presidencies of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur (University Press of Kansas, 1981) Debating Franklin D. Roosevelt's Foreign Policies, 1933–1945 (With Mark S. Stoler, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005)


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24 Jul 2012
(Hong Kong) Dragonair announced that it plans to resume operations with flights departing from Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) starting from 10:00am on 24 July and flights arriving at HKIA starting from 11:00am.
Passengers whose flights are cancelled are advised not to go the airport. Dragonair will assist with alternative arrangements for affected passengers.
Flights on 24 July may be subject to further changes. Passengers are advised to first check the airline's website, www.dragonair.com, to get the latest flight information before leaving for the airport.
Passengers who are booked on flights departing July 24 and 25 are encouraged to postpone non-essential travel. The airline will waive re-booking, re-routing, cancellation and refund charges for all tickets issued worldwide (irrespective of fare type) on or before 24 July for travel on Dragonair on 24 and 25 July.
To ensure customers receive the latest flight status updates via SMS or email, they are advised to update their contact details when checking in online.
Dragonair continues to monitor the situation closely and will issue further updates once more information becomes available. The airline regrets any inconvenience this may cause and hopes for passengers' understanding.


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The month of October is always wonderful in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Between the fall colors, the cooling temperatures, the wonderful groups who visit, and of course, the events at The Genealogy Center, we have 31 days of research fun planned. Woven within our various offerings are several special programs that might entice a visit.
Every Tuesday (10/5, 10/12, 10/19, 10/26) from 2:00-4:00 pm, we are offering 30 minute one-on-one consultations with our staff concerning your research problems. Please email your consultation request or call 260-421-1225 to schedule your appointment.
On Friday & Saturday, 10/8-10/9, the 3rd Annual Military Symposium will feature national speaker, Amy Johnson Crow, who will present The Last Full Measure: Military Burials, Researching Your Civil War Ancestors Online, State and Local Records for Civil War Research, After Mustering Out: Researching Civil War Veterans, and For Benefit of the Soldier: Civil War Fraternal Organizations. Registration is required.
The last Friday of the month, October 29, we are celebrating Family History Month with our annual Midnight Madness. From 6:00 pm to midnight, researchers will have six extra hours to delve into the Center's collections.
Friday, October 29, through Sunday, October 31, researchers are invited to participate in Start Sharing the News! A Celebration of Collaboration. It begins Friday with a dinner at the historic Baker Street Station, followed by multiple sessions on Saturday, ending with a tour of the Lindenwood Cemetery on Sunday. Registration is required.
Take time now to schedule your trip(s) to Fort Wayne to take advantage of all these opportunities.


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National Association of Unclaimed Property Administrators
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searchable database
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A resource website to
search for any unclaimed insured deposits
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FDIC: How to Solve Mysteries of Old Bank Accounts
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for unclaimed accounts from liquidated credit unions.
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The official source of information about U.S. Savings Bonds. Check the
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text:
- Status : Released
- Release Date of film : 2014-10-24
- Original title : John Wick
- Tagline : Don't set him off.
- Movie Genre : Action, Thriller,
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- Film Note : -movie_rating-
- Societies of production : Lionsgate
- Vote Count : 193
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- Average rate : 7.5
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- Keanu Reeves Character (John Wick)
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- Dean Winters Character (Avi)
- Adrianne Palicki Character (Ms. Perkins)
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- Toby Leonard Moore Character (Victor)
- Daniel Bernhardt Character (Kirill)
- Bridget Moynahan Character (Helen Wick)
- John Leguizamo Character (Aureilo)
- Ian McShane Character (Winston)
- Bridget Regan Character (Addy)
- Lance Reddick Character (Hotel Manager / Charon)
- David Patrick Kelly Character (Charlie)
- Clarke Peters Character (Harry)
- Kevin Nash Character (Francis)
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text:
Smartphones eclipse laptops as top WiFi hogs
Phondleslabs now using cellular merely to fill in gaps
Two out of five devices using public Wi-Fi networks are smartphones according to new figures. Laptops nipped in just below, accounting for 39 per cent of connected computers, tablets lag behind at 17 per cent, and the rest are unidentified.
The numbers come from the Wireless Broadband Alliance, which got them from biz research outfit Informa and is using them to push support for Passpoint: the next-generation authentication system allowing devices to identify themselves automatically, and mobile network operators to extend their connectivity into the 2.4GHz Wi-Fi band, which is probably why the Small Cell Forum has agreed to work with the alliance to integrate phone masts into hotspots.
It's the first time smartphones have outranked laptops in Wi-Fi usage, but this shouldn't be surprising given the way a phone is always looking out for connectivity while a laptop has to be powered up before it starts communicating - for the moment at least.
However, anyone connected to a hybrid mobile phone base station via Wi-Fi with a device that isn't otherwise on the mobile network presents problems for the base station's operator and the regulator, in the UK at least, when it comes to controlling access to stuff online.
So, for example, a cellular operator will block access to pornography until the customer has proved their age, but the same customer, on the same device, can switch to Wi-Fi and access all the flesh they desire from the Wi-Fi-enabled base station. More importantly, for the operator, Wi-Fi users can't be securely identified as customers for billing purposes, so they can't access their mobile phone account details and can't use PayForIt or other operator-billing mechanisms.
There are three ways to solve that, so the operators are enthusiastically endorsing all of them. The first is to stick phone masts in every Wi-Fi hotspot, and the aforementioned forum and alliance are now committed to working on that. The second is to find a way of identifying the user over the public Wi-Fi networks as enabled by Passpoint and next-generation hotspots being identified by the alliance. THe third is to create devices that will switch to cellular for secure authentication, which is a work in progress.
The third option is similar to what happens when one runs up Google Maps on an Android device. No matter how solid the Wi-Fi connectivity, the cellular data flashes up to enable the app to grab information about the local base station, which is then used to narrow down the location, but it's not a big jump to imagine a similar process authenticating a payment or ticket.
Handsets will seek out the quickest way to connect to the internet, whatever that may be, and these numbers show that's increasingly bypassing the network operator, which isn't going to disappear any time soon but needs to do more to avoid being relegated to filling in the gaps between hotspots. ®


text:
The Real Face Of India Su30
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#681 YellowSubmarine
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- Location:Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Posted 22 August 2008 - 08:22 PM
imho, Pakistan will be getting Erieyes to do that job.
Patriotism is the last refugee of scoundrels - Samuel Johnson
#682 Batajnica
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- 218 posts
Posted 22 August 2008 - 08:39 PM
imho, Pakistan will be getting Erieyes to do that job.
Erieyes is the eraly warnning system,it's job is announce advance and guide the fighter go to combat airspace.its radar donot have smallangle resolution about closeformate on bvr yet.
fire contral radar with the machinescanning antenna of fighter cannot track two fighters on highangle at sametime,when the highangle of targertes happen ,machinescanning antenna has to abandon track one of them
#683 blueazure
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Posted 23 August 2008 - 06:21 AM
fire contral radar with the machinescanning antenna of fighter cannot track two fighters on highangle at sametime,when the highangle of targertes happen ,machinescanning antenna has to abandon track one of them
erieye is based on electronic scanning technology (AESA) and does not require the radar to be mechanically steered.this allows for complete 360 degrees coverage and multiple target tracking capability.
#684 Batajnica
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Posted 23 August 2008 - 07:39 AM
may be i donot make clear.
it is a question about bvr combat
the erieye is early warnning radar ,after it guide the fighter fly to the BVR ,the erieye turn over the targart to the fighter,
the fire contral radar of fighter camnot solution the number of targert ,at the moment of through into bvr .
lacking bvr ability,J-7P must use the close formate tactic so that fan out when the radar start tracking of bvr fighter, the fan out action can destory the aiming of bvr fighter,then j-7p apart in high angel ,overrun the max multiple tracking angle of the machine scanning antenna radar of bvr fighter,
put bvr fighter had to abandon one of they,so the abanded j-7p will close bvr fighter and combat
if bvr fighter equipement the phases array antenna radar ,it have high angle of multiple tracking ,so it can tracking two j-7p aparting in high angle and guide the aa missile attacking j-7ps at sametime yet
when tracking and guide in bvr combat,the erieye can do nothing other than aford the posation information.
#685 Siddharth
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Posted 23 August 2008 - 09:20 AM
^^ what he is trying to say is you cant lock on target using AWAC. It only provides situational awareness.
for the end game you still on-board radar to lock.
#686 JET_Flash
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- 2,392 posts
Posted 23 August 2008 - 09:59 AM
for the end game you still on-board radar to lock.
Thanks for simplification...
We create and destroy,And again recreate,In forms of which no one knows[AL-Waquiah Qu'ran 56:61] Wings of Fire by A P J Abdul Kalam
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#687 blueazure
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Posted 23 August 2008 - 10:28 AM
for the end game you still on-board radar to lock.
#688 pegasusflight
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- 566 posts
Posted 23 August 2008 - 01:01 PM
simply diving down low and flying in denser air at lower altitudes can severely degrade
the range of BVR....PAF probably has awesome anti-BVR tactics to the point that even
rust-buckets like F-7P's cannot be ignored by an attacking force..with Erieye's guidance,
the lethality of basic fighters such as F-7 class will be multiplied manyfold..and keep in
mind, we are not talking against NATO, after all, it is the clown airforce who has lost
MiG-21's to F-6's...
#689 Siddharth
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Posted 23 August 2008 - 01:46 PM
the range of BVR....PAF probably has awesome anti-BVR tactics to the point that even
rust-buckets like F-7P's cannot be ignored by an attacking force..with Erieye's guidance,
the lethality of basic fighters such as F-7 class will be multiplied manyfold..and keep in
mind, we are not talking against NATO, after all, it is the clown airforce who has lost
MiG-21's to F-6's...
how enlightening!! If you ever find that "awesome anti-BVR tactics" please do tell us.
btw the technique you just mentioned is also known as "terrain masking". To counter that all radars have "Look-down/shoot-down" capability. And most modern radars, even BARS, has high resistance to ground clutter.
#690 Batajnica
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Posted 23 August 2008 - 07:52 PM
btw the technique you just mentioned is also known as "terrain masking". To counter that all radars have "Look-down/shoot-down" capability. And most modern radars, even BARS, has high resistance to ground clutter.
the awesome anti-BVR tactics of russia airforce:
the antagonist's guideing process:
after the early warnning radar (surface radar or awacs) intercept the j-7p,will guide the bvr fighter near to the j-7 until arrive the point of bvr.
then the early warnning radar or awacs turn over the signal j-7 to the bvr fighter. the bvr fighter at the point open its fire contral radar to scan the derection j-7 at,the bvr fighter will turn into tracking once intercept the signal of j-7,keeping to track few seconds,detect the j-7 track,the bvr fighter will shoot with bvr aa missile.
there are some chances with j-7.
bocouse the early warnning radar have enough angular resolution for close formate,it turn over the signal to bvr fighter as one batch ,the remaining questiones must be resolved by bvr fighter.
the bvr fighter donot have enough angular resolution over 40km yet,and its fire rang often be 30-40km.
once the close formate of j-7p suddenly fun out between 30-40km,the bvr fighter will face elect which and retracking ,the times will be dropped ,the range is dropped too,only few secondes hesitateing and retracking,the bvr fighter will lose its bva combat chance,had to close combat. the head closeing speed between the fighters will be over 2000km/h, range are cut over 33km/minute,only after 30seconds or more shorter time, the bvr fighter will have to dog combat with j-7p.
the fun out action will make the bvr fighter need estimate which one should be tracked continue,and rebulid the tracking .beside there is flinty worry on another.
#691 Batajnica
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Posted 24 August 2008 - 09:18 AM
equipement the phased array antenna radar ,the bvr fighter can tracking two targertes aparting high angle (about within 120 degress) continue,two j-7s all be tracked and be attaced .
#692 Asian Union
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Posted 09 March 2014 - 12:41 PM
What can it do?
Why did the Indians opt for it?
How could they employ it?
The threat SU-30 poses to Pakistan.
Development History
The IAF compared the Su-30 MKI against the French Mirage 2000-5 and reportedly opted for the former primarily because of economic reasons since the Russian aircraft was appreciably cheaper and as such the number that could be acquired would be substantially larger. This option was resorted to by the IAF despite the fact that it already is operating the Mirage 2000 aircraft and inducting more of the same would have been significantly more economical in logistic, operational and maintenance terms.
Su-30 MKI aircraft that were to be manufactured in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. The immense size of the programme and the large quantum of aircraft involved meant that this project would be completed by the year 20173. Interestingly, the news report in November 2003 that reported the above news also stated that the Indians were continuing negotiations with the French for transfer of technology pertaining to the Mirage 2000 aircraft.4
Having been confronted with a serious setback as regards the logistical support for their predominantly Soviet military aircraft inventory, the Indian Government in general and the IAF in particular had realized that they could not afford to put all their eggs in the same basket. This required increasing the diversity of sources from which they were acquiring military wherewithal. The IAF has traditionally been operating combat aircraft of Soviet origin since the early 1970s when it first inducted the MiG-21 Fishbed series of fighter aircraft. Subsequently, the IAF went on to become the largest operator of Soviet origin aircraft outside the USSR when it also acquired the MiG-23, the MiG-25, the MiG-27, the MiG-29 and finally the Su-30 MKI. In the immediate aftermath of the demise of the erstwhile USSR, the IAF faced a major problem in getting spare parts and logistical support for its Soviet origin aircraft since Russia did not possess all the manufacturing establishments for these aircraft and some were located in the newly independent Commonwealth of Independent States. This stoppage in the supply of essential parts created a major problem in maintainability for the IAF and is probably one of the major reasons for it to start thinking in terms of diversifying its sources of equipment procurement.
India sees her emerging role as a regional/global power of consequence very seriously and wants to assert that her military potential is in accordance with her perceived power potential and clout. This could explain the decision to go in for such a large number of Su-30 MKI aircraft.
Tu-22 Blinder supersonic strategic bomber aircraft, one is led to the conclusion that the IAF has embarked on a plan to transform itself from a purely tactical air force to one that has significant strategic potential.
The report of the Parliamentary Accounts Committee cited above went on to say that "As per the revised delivery schedule effected in February 2001, 10 fully upgraded multi-role aircraft [Su-30 MKI-3] were expected to be made available between July and December 2003 and 22 partially upgraded aircraft, including ten aircraft in Phase I and twelve in Phase II were to be delivered at the latest by June 2002 and June 2003 respectively. As against this, only 10 Su-30 MKI-1 aircraft were received and inducted into the Indian Air Force in September 2002.†According to the report, these delays have already caused an increase of Rs 546 crores in the project cost which was earlier valued at
Rs 6310 crores, due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
Apart from being refuelled in flight by a tanker aircraft, the
Cockpit. Both the aircrew are provided with a modern zero-zero ejection seat with the rear occupant's seat being slightly raised for improved visibility. Like the US F-16 aircraft, the seats of the Su-30 MKI are also inclined rearwards at an angle of 30 degrees from the vertical.
The six liquid crystal displays (LCDs) installed in the cockpit have been provided by Sextant Avionique of France. The same company is responsible for providing the six Multi-Function Displays (MFDs), the Totem INS system with GPS technology and the VEH-3000 holographic Heads-Up Display (HUD).
The N011-M Bars Radar for the Su 30 MKI is a phased array system with a powerful processor and multiple targets track capability using NCTR7 methods.
Radar System.
Radar Modes. The radar has the following modes of functioning in the air-to-air and the air-to-ground / air-to-sea roles:
• Velocity search Real Beam Mapping Sea surface search
• Range while search Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) mapping Moving sea targets selection
• Track while scan Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Mapping Tracking and measuring of sea target coordinates
• Target Identification (ID) Moving ground target selection Sea target ID
• Close Combat Tracking and measurement of ground
• target co-ordinates
Radar Specifications
• Operating Band X and L bands (NATO 'I' and 'D' bands)
• Antenna diameter 1 metre
• Antenna Gain 36dB
• Main side lobe level -25 dB
• Average side lobe level -48 dB
• Beam Width 2.4 degrees (12 different beam shapes)
• Antenna weight 100-110 kgs
• Scan mechanism Mechanical and electronic
Communications Equipment. The communications equipment comprises VHF and HF radio sets, a secured digital telecommunications system, and antenna-feeder assembly. It mounts an automatic noise-proof target data exchange system, which provides for coordination of the actions of several fighter aircraft engaged in a group air combat. It is reportedly being developed as part of the INCOM project by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
Probable Employment of Su-30 MKI by IAF8
The envisaged employment of the Su-30 MKI by the IAF that I have worked out takes into consideration various factors including the expected opposition from the PAF, the remaining assets that the IAF possesses and the very nature of the war that India and Pakistan are engaged in.
Employment Considerations.
Being a prime symbol of its inventory, the Su-30 MKI will be employed by the IAF in a careful, albeit not necessarily a cautious manner.
The theme of this article must be taken in the correct spirit in which it was written. I am a firm believer in the saying that 'forewarned is forearmed' and as such the purpose of this article is not to paint a gloomy or scary picture but rather to acquaint my readers with the facts that I could lay my hands on from a variety of open sources including printed material as well as the internet.
If after reading this article, some minds are agitated and start thinking on counters to the IAF's Su-30 MKI fleet, I feel that the purpose of writing this article would have been more than fulfilled from my perspective. In order to effectively counter any threat, one must first know as much as possible about it so that an effective and workable counter-strategy can then be devised and subsequently implemented, with a high degree of success.
#693 irfan_kashmir
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- 163 posts
- Location:CA, USA
Posted 16 June 2014 - 03:14 PM
forget about SU 30 MKI i think we should be worried about indian purchase about Dassault Rafale aircraft
#694 blueazure
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Posted 24 June 2014 - 11:29 PM
Talk about the Rafale when it is actually inducted in your air force
#695 irfan_kashmir
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- 163 posts
- Location:CA, USA
Posted 01 July 2014 - 03:35 PM
i do not agree when people say SU 30 MKI is not potent , our chinese frnds have 200 SU 27 its the same class ,
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Justin Bieber Has Onstage Encounter With Overzealous Fan in Dubai [Video]
An overzealous Justin Bieber fan made his way on to the stage and had an encounter with the singer at Biebs' May 5 Dubai gig.
The fan breached security, got on the stage and managed to make contact with The Biebs, grabbing him. The teen's security deal quickly responded, swarming the attacker, described as a young male in jeans and a tee, according The National, an English-speaking publication Dubai (via Hollywood Life).
The fan tried to avoid security, knocking over a grand piano that was situated on the stage in the process. Biebs' team was able to get a hold of and apprehend the fan and a crisis was averted. Even so, it was still a headache for the bodyguards and bouncers, no doubt.
The Biebs didn't miss a (beauty and a) beat. He kept singing as though nothing had interrupted him. It's probably a more-than-common for him to be swarmed by fans hyperfocused on having a "moment" with him. But it's likely still scary for him to be confronted by fans who make the way to the stage, when things are fast-moving and chaotic.
You can check out the fan-filmed footage of the hairy situation below. You can see the production hands quickly springing to action to return the piano to its upright position.
While we'd hardly call it "an attack," it was a dicey situation, yet one that barely blew up his spot or broke up the flow of the show.
Watch Footage From Justin Bieber Dubai Show


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When Bills defensive end Mario Williams was repeatedly complaining about a wrist injury, the team wasn't disclosing it on their injury report.
And so it shouldn't be a surprise that Williams is now claiming he had a tear in the wrist at a time when the team insists he didn't.
Coach Chan Gailey recently denied a report that Williams had played with a torn wrist ligament. Per Tim Graham of the Buffalo News, Williams told reporters on Wednesday that a tear was there.
"As far as I know," Williams said regarding whether a ligament was torn. "I don't really know all the lingo. I just wanted to get it done, whatever needed to be done. I don't know as far as exact terminology of it being torn. I've heard that myself, but I just know something was wrong."
Pressed for details, Williams was more explicit. "He said there was a slight tear or whatever," Williams said as to what the doctor told him. "I don't know the severity of it. But, obviously, it was something that caused me not being able to use it. You'd have to ask for the exact verbiage from the training staff."
Whatever it was, Williams had surgery on it during the bye week. At least the Bills aren't denying that.


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July 1, 2018, 11:49 pmKevon Looney - F - Golden State Warriors
The Clippers have reportedly talked to free agent F/C Kevon Looney but no deal is imminent, according to Brad Turner of the LA Times.
Looney won't get a ton of interest on the market this summer but he'll almost certainly find a new team either way. It's more likely he signs with a rebuilding team as opposed to a contender, and that's probably best for him at this stage in his career.
Source: Brad Turner on Twitter
Fantasy News
June 26, 2019, 7:13 pmThomas Bryant - C - Washington Wizards
Thomas Bryant has been given a qualifying offer from the Wizards, making him a restricted free agent.
Bryant surprised last season, coming from obscurity to finish with top-125/100 value (8/9-cat). That despite Scott Brooks toying with his minutes. If the Wizards can keep Bryant around last season's workload he'll easily be a steal in fantasy leagues, though we're obviously hoping he takes hold of the starting job.
Source: Fred Katz on Twitter
June 26, 2019, 6:30 pmRomeo Langford - PG - Boston Celtics
The Celtics start Summer League practice this weekend but first-round pick Romeo Langford will not be cleared for full contact.
Langford is recovering from right thumb surgery, which is not expected to have any significant long-term effects. This is just the Celtics taking it easy on their new rookie. Hopefully he's cleared before Summer League ends, otherwise we'll get our first look at him in preseason.
Source: Adam Himmelsbach on Twitter
June 26, 2019, 5:58 pmEnes Kanter - C - Trail Blazers
The Blazers, Lakers and Celtics are among the teams that will be interested in free agent Enes Kanter, according to Chris Haynes of Yahoo Sports.
Portland knows Kanter well and would surely like to have him back after his admirable work filling in for an injured Jusuf Nurkic, while playing through his own serious ailments, in the playoffs. The Celtics could use a ferocious rebounder to replace Aron Baynes and are barren at the center spot with Al Horford's departure, while the Lakers are lining up cost-effective depth with their roster almost completely empty. Kanter might not replicate his Knicks numbers, but he'll be a standard-league asset no matter where he lands.
Source: Chris Haynes on Twitter
June 26, 2019, 5:51 pmCheick Diallo - PF - New Orleans Pelicans
Cheick Diallo will be an unrestricted free agent after the Pelicans decided not to extend him a qualifying offer.
Diallo has solid per-minute output but the playing time has never been there for him in New Orleans. He's got talent and good work ethic, but the league is flooded with available big men at the moment. Hopefully Diallo lands in a spot where he can continue his development.
Source: Adrian Wojnarowski on Twitter
June 26, 2019, 5:43 pmNikola Mirotic - PF - Milwaukee Bucks
Nikola Mirotic is another player on the Mavs' list of free agent targets, per Brad Townsend of the Dallas News.
Mirotic is not as high on the list as Patrick Beverley, but the Mavs see the stretch forward as a potential fit. While Mirotic ended the postseason out of the rotation for Milwaukee, he's going to be a hot commodity given his floor-spacing and should hold solid standard-league value no matter where he ends up.
Source: Dallas News
June 26, 2019, 5:39 pmTobias Harris - SF - Philadelphia Sixers
The Clippers, Mavs, Nets, Nuggets, Wolves, Kings, Grizzlies and Pelicans are expected to be interested in Tobias Harris once free agency opens.
The Clippers are the most surprising team on the list, but only because they dealt Harris unexpectedly last season. Even so, the team and player had success together and the relationship wasn't necessarily damaged by the deal. Harris is one of the top second-tier free agents available and should have his pick of competitive offers. The Sixers are said to be confident about re-signing him, but they won't be able to do so without a fight.
Source: The Athletic
June 26, 2019, 5:30 pmJulius Randle - PF - New Orleans Pelicans
The Bulls are expected to indicate "early interest" in Julius Randle, according to The Athletic's Shams Charania.
Randle is coming off a career year and is looking to cash in. The Bulls have plenty of space available and won't be in the mix for max players, so there's definitely a fit salary-wise if Chicago can get in on Randle before other teams pivot off the top players. It would be a pain for fantasy players however, as Randle joining a frontcourt that already features Lauri Markkanen and Wendell Carter Jr. would put a cap on each player. The Knicks and Nets are also interested in Randle, and we'll hear about more suitors in the coming days.
Source: The Athletic
June 26, 2019, 5:25 pmRondae Hollis-Jefferson - SF - Brooklyn Nets
Shams Charania of The Athletic is reporting that the Wolves, Rockets and Suns are among the teams that are interested in Rondae Hollis-Jefferson.
Hollis-Jefferson had a brutal season, injuring his groin in a charity game last summer and never catching up. He fell out of the rotation at times, just one year after emerging as a potential long-term solution at power forward. RHJ is a worthwhile reclamation project for any team and is not that far removed from top-100 fantasy output. He's not someone to forget on draft day, depending on where he lands.
Source: The Athletic
June 26, 2019, 5:22 pmCory Joseph - PG - Indiana Pacers
The Suns, Wizards, Kings and Bulls are among the teams that have shown interest in Cory Joseph, per Shams Charania.
Point-guard-needy teams should be all over Joseph, as he can be a cost-effective backup and acceptable fill-in starter to help any young players learn the ropes. CoJo figures to get more interest as the top guards on the market sign on, as his game fits with just about any team — from rebuilds to contenders.
Source: The Athletic
June 26, 2019, 5:17 pmD'Angelo Russell - PG - Brooklyn Nets
Shams Charania is reporting that the Lakers' interest in D'Angelo Russell is "real," and that the team likes that he is familiar to the organization.
Reports of L.A.'s interest in Russell continue to roll in, and if they do pursue him it would mean that they're passing up on adding a third superstar. The Nets have the right to match any offers coming Russell's way, and with the Lakers likely to have between $24 and $28 million available, Brooklyn would have quite a decision to make if they don't get Kyrie Irving as rumored.
Source: The Athletic


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Alliant Over Penfed - A Self-Employed's Loan Story
Alliant Over Penfed - A Self-Employed's Loan Story
Good to know. Thanks for sharing. What state do you livein?
Also self-employed and I was denied by PenFed because I have not been making my current salary for the last 2 years. Alliant approved me for 70k at 1.99% for 5 years (I already have an HSA with them). The entire experience was MUCH better with Alliant (PenFed you needed to call repeatedly and talk to a different, clueless person each time and fax everything in; with Alliant, everything was handled through email with the same person throughout). If they are offering 1.49% now, I see no advantage to going with PenFed.
Heh. Msdison was a clue, unless there's another in another state.
The Alliant vs. PenFed slugfest for Tesla business is now on!
Did Alliant ask you to sign 4506 form to verify your income with IRS?
Thanks for the answer. Would you give me your email address if possible. I want to talk to you and ask a few questions about your experience in details. Thanks.
@ kyleket
I sent you an email. Please check your SPAM if you don't see it
i did note on the alliant site that you need to have the monthly payment on autodraft to get this rate, otherwise .4% higher. i did use penfed w/o knowing of alliant. my loan is less than 2weeks old. anyone know if a payoff and refi could qualify as a new vs used car loan
Wow, that's great to hear. I think my check from Penfed will expire before my car is ready, and then I'd be subject to their higher interest rate.
I just spoke with Alliant who indicated there could be a 6 month window to refinance the original auto loan and qualify for a new car loan with them. I may check this out as benefits are:
.25% lower rate
1 additional yr financing
increased financing amount
I'm not a banker but wouldn't a 12 month extension negate a .25% lower rate?
Their rate is for 6 yrs (72 months) vs Penfed at 5 yrs (60 months). Their 7 year loan is at a higher rate
On the longer loan you pay more total interest over the life of the loan but a lower monthly payment. The question is what is more important to you?
actually, with the lower rate, the total interest for 6 yrs is less that the higher rate for 5 yrs, but not by much.
The total amount of interest that you would pay on a $70,000, 5 year loan, at 1.99% with Penfed is $3,598.22. Additionally your monthly payment is $1,226.64.
The total amount of interest that you would pay on a $70,000, 6 year loan, at 1.49% with Alliant is $3,219.04. Additionally your monthly payment is $1,016.93.
Personally I went with Alliant (very easy process) and my car was delivered on 3/30.
Thank you for the tip, KyleKet. I ordered almost the same car (blue, 19, pano, tech, sound, 85kw). You have good taste, so I gave Jonathan a call. Great guy, we are prequaled and downhill from here.
Thanks for writing this review; helpful for me and deserved of Alliant.
Those interest rates are amazing, in The Netherlands (Europe) we pay about 6% for financial leasing a MS.
Our interest rates in the US are literally insane. Americans: get fixed interest loans now! The bubble is going to burst. The Fed can't dump funny money into our financial system without effect forever.
Won't work. You'll be doing both. It's additive.
Bad idea. We've had one too many head-ons already.
Amazed at how easy Alliant made this loan process!
I was vacationing on a Caribbean island when I got my delivery email, and had to move fast to get financing. All I had as an iPad mini and a spotty WiFi connection, but that was enough to get/send all the emails to Tesla, open a new account with Alliant, and apply for a loan. Both Tesla and Alliant were very nice about accommodating me (for instance, I couldn't take phone calls, so they did everything by email and DocuSign), and they had all the digital paperwork ready by the time I got back from vacation!
1.49% for six years, 100% financing, picking up the car this Wednesday
In contrast to most here, we did better in terms of final rate (1.74%) and speed of processing with PENFED, so shop and compare. My local CU, where I do my regular banking had a 2.9% rate.
I am in Warsaw, Poland for another 2 months of a 5 month Fulbright Scholar appointment, so between their websites and SKYPE, I did everything online. My wife will be briefly back in California to take delivery next week.
Another +1 here for Alliant. We weren't even planning to finance the car, but when we read here about the 1.49% rate, we concluded that this basically amounts to free money, and we would be crazy not to do it, if we could get that rate.
Our loan specialist, Nicole, was terrific, the process extremely speedy, and a pleasant experience all around.
But what makes this interesting is that we're retired, and our income, as reflected by our tax returns, is very low. It's very low because we are very frugal. It doesn't have to be low. So it took an extra day for our request to go all the way to their loan committee at the top of the heap. We were approved for 85% financing, based on our credit ratings (both over 800) and our assets, which they said they don't ordinarily consider when underwriting.
So they went out of their way to accommodate us, as unusual customers, and we really appreciate it. And we appreciate the free money.
Alliant was great for me. Approved less than 24 hours after submitting, great, responsive communication. Super easy process. Very happy.
Another happy Alliant CU customer--Nicole helped me too--.
I am also very happy with Alliant. They're overnighting the check to Tesla. Penfed by comparison was very disorganized.
We started the loan application process with PenFed but found the communication with them to be not very good and ended up using Alliant.
Alliant rates are currently as low as 1.49% and up to a 72 month term. We worked with Jason Freese and he is familiar with the process for Tesla and has been great to work with and was a very easy process. He said anyone can contact him directly and his informtion is:
Jason Freese
Alliant Credit Union
11545 W Touhy Ave Chicago IL 60666
800-328-1935 Ext 2164
Direct 773-462-2164


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May 29, 2018
In a conference call with leading figures in the blockchain industry, including :
Parker Fairfield, the CEO of blockchain agency FusionICO, announced the relaunch of the company's Asia fundraising services.
"This is huge,"Dubinin said, further to the announcement. "Asia, and specifically China, are where the biggest pools of funding are right now. Everyone wants Chinese whale investors involved in their ICO, but very few can bring them to the table."
"The fund-raising will be carried out for all users,"Fairfield elaborated, referring to the users of the chat group communities that FusionICO sets up for all clients, as part of a larger Asia communications strategy. "However, aside from crowd-funding processes, we will be placing emphasis on book-building." "Book-building" as a term refers to raising funds from relatively small pools of big investors, referred to in investment communities as "whales".
Fairfield went on to introdue the key figure to be responsible for book-building in Asia, Yao Hu, FusionICO Head of Investor Outreach. "I'm very happy to be joining the FusionICO team," Hu told participants, "and very excited to be in charge of our re-launched book-building services."
Hu went on to outline the processes by which FusionICO would win and secure multi-million dollar commitments from pools of whale investors. "We have implemented a multi-channel approach, involving both digital and offline tactics. Those channels and tactics will yield focused lead generation and data-base building. Closing these leads will be up to me and my team."
"Yao is an experienced closer," said Alexey Burdyko, CEO of Play2Live, which successfully concluded its ICO with FusionICO. "Asia, and of course China, have a lot of grey area to navigate, not just for book-building, but even to promote your project. Fusion's book-building efforts were critical to Play2Live's ICO. The fact that they are re-launching that service is great news for projects looking to raise funds in Asia."
Responding to queries as to why the book-building service had been suspended, Fairfield wasted no words. "FusionICO only offers services it knows it can deliver on. We had a company shakeup, and as a result could not offer the book-building service with full confidence. Our new team and process is already yielding results, so that we can confidently re-launch book-building for clients."
Fusion ICO brings the best projects to the right Asia investors, with complementary project value growth components: local Asia comms offices, and project development/consulting. Its international team, experienced in tech and operations, is dedicated to realizing your blockchain/startup vision.
Information contained on this page is provided by an independent third-party content provider. This Site make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. If you are affiliated with this page and would like it removed please contact support [at] perpetualwire.com.