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Paseo Xaman-Ha, Mza. Lote Holetero 5 | Playacar, Playa del Carmen 77710, Mexico
"best first time trip"
Posted by: zeal on Nov 9, 2014
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Be immersed in fun. Surrounded by pristine beaches. Submerged among coral reefs. And enchanted by ancient Mayan ruins. Located south of Cancun International Airport in Mexico's Mayan Riviera, a Viva Wyndham Maya vacation puts you right in the middle of it all.
Share your experiences with others. Don't forget to send your review to Debbie by using an easy form.
"best first time trip"
Posted by:
zeal on Nov 9, 2014 >
1 contribution(s) GERMANY
Visited on: Oct, 2014 | Leisure | Solo
438 people found this review helpful
It was a one week holiday for me and I enjoyed every moment of my stay. Let me use this opportunity to say that this is my first time in the country and chose this hotel as my accommodation place. The country and the hotel environment were quite safe. When I visited the beach, it was beautiful and security was quite tight there. The hotel is safe; the rooms are phenomenal, always extremely clean with nice ocean view. The hotel actually built around a jungle so that just makes it unique from what I am used to in Cuba. There are no issues of mosquitoes or insects like that troubling the guests. The beach was clean, the waters warm and almost devoid of weeds. The sand is beautiful without rocks and also there are no rocks in the water. The beach always had plenty of chairs so whenever you went there; there were always lawn chairs available. I loved that the people here usually go out of their way to please strangers, the staff I can say it's their duty to make you feel welcomed but the people on the streets and other guests also do the same thing. The food is hot, very delicious so I can say that whoever prepared is very talented and a good cook. It is a great resort for the money I spent and I can say that I had the best first time experience in Mexico and hope to come back here.
"Ok hotel with excellent location and beach !"
Posted by:
Ricky on Feb 15, 2014 >
1 contribution(s) Canada
Visited on: Feb, 2014 | Leisure | Family and Kids
501 people found this review helpful
We stayed in Viva Wyndham Maya for a week of Feb 02-09 . The hotel is small compering to majority
of the hotels we stayed before but it's located on the great stretch of the beach in playa car. Food in the
main buffet was very stall and really not much to choose from so if you are not into tacos and tortillas
you will not like it much here. The service in the hotel is also kind of average with not real customer service
everything is pretty much answered with yes or no with no real solution offered . Big problem I find strange
here is wifi , you can use it only in the main lobby and areas around the lobby but since everybody is there
trying to connect it gets really slow and week receptions , specially in evening hours , so if you need to stay in touch
or do any small work here I wouldn't definitely recommend this hotel. The best thing about the hotel is the beach it's
really nice here and with lots of beach chairs available all the time. Also we really like the location of the hotel it's in
Playa Car and with walking distance to Fifth Avenue of Playa del Carmen. To wrap everything I would give it 3 stars
and call it just average hotel with the beautiful beach .
Room Number:
"Mix bag of good and bad"
Posted by:
Paul on Mar 24, 2013 >
1 contribution(s) Canada
Visited on: Mar, 2013 | Leisure | Solo
558 people found this review helpful
Most sites do not let you write a hotel review unless you book through them. Well I booked through iTravel2000, only later to find out that they display a 4 star review that's set in stone from SunWing's site. That makes iTravel's reviews instantly suspect in my book now.
The Good
The best part about Viva is the immaculate grounds, from parking right back to beach and the impeccably clean check-in area and various restaurants. Absolutely NO issue there. Workers were out there polishing and rinsing away every night. Vegetation and variety was outstanding. Beach tiki huts are very cool.
Room air conditioning was excellent.
Room's bathroom is nicely appointed.
The Bad
The rooms. "Superior" my butt. It's not so much the room but how they treat it. A single harsh florescent lights up the bed area at night, and it feels worse than staying in a hospital bed. There's one chair at the built-in desk, and it's super flimsy plastic.
GIANT COCKROACHES! One morning I woke up to find a giant 2 in long cockroach hanging out in my shower. That sucker was hard to kill, and took 30 min for him to finally go down the drain. After reporting it to the front lobby, I was told they would do NOTHING about it, nor switch me to a newer room that might not have the issue. I was told, point blank, that even the updated rooms could also have cockroaches in them, and with "so much nature around", they can't control it. I even showed the front desk pictures of it. They would do NOTHING. This same girl, if you can believe it, still tried to sell me a time share after telling me tough beans.
Bathroom shower curtain was too short at left and right... resulting in a soaked floor for most showers.
Bathroom sink is too high for most people. I'm 6-3 and just found its height to be OK but odd. If you're 5 ft tall, this sink will feel like you're having to reach up into a high drawer just to wash your hands.
Tub had not had water cycled through it in some time. Much rust came pouring out when switched from shower to tub setting.
No PPV option that I could see on TV, and No mini fridge/bar
Having to use a card for towel service on the beach seemed odd. If anyone wanted to rip off towels, they'd take the more plush white ones from the rooms directly.
Booking a themed restaurant required you to do it before noon, or forget about anything but the generic restaurant. Having the same food cooked at breakfast, lunch and dinner, practically. By the time you leave, you can't wait to come back home and enjoy some real cooking.
SINGLES - not recommended. I went there for a week, and have been single now for a few months. There were 0 single women there. And when you're a single guy, being surrounded by happy couples and married girls-onl
Room Number:
Room Block:
Mar 17
"Great place and you get your moneys worth."
Posted by:
Pat on Mar 10, 2013 >
4 contribution(s) Canada
Visited on: Mar, 2013 | Leisure | Family and Kids
612 people found this review helpful
I was worried going to this hotel given I was reading reviews from TripAdvisor. Well, we travel every year to different islands in the Caribbean and we consider this hotel to be one of the nice ones in terms of best bang for your buck. I would rate it more like a 3.5 star given its not a luxury hotel with all that fancy high end food ( we don't really care, we go for the beach and a hotel that accommodates well). Visit the playa del carmen commercial strip ( 20 minute walk, its worth it and good for shopping).
Exchange rate is good at hotel or airport. For all you beach lovers, this one ranks right up their with the best of them.
Weather was great. sunny all week! However, do bring a sweater it does get chilly at night ( drops from 31c day to +- 19 night with a breeze).
If you are one that is down to earth, simple and enjoys life with what it has to offer, then this is for you ( and family). If you are more the picky, fussy, never happy one, well, pay the high dollars and go elsewhere.
Room Number:
Room Block:
No problems with the arrival. Airport to hotel about 30 minutes. Check in was smooth ( we arrived at 2pm).
Simple and typical Caribbean rooms. All the required amenities. Block 3000 is the farthest from beach ( +- 7 minute walk) and most quite building. However, no matter where you are, everything is quite accessible by foot and not far.
Restaurants and Bars:
Buffet and snack bar was good. Nothing extravagant but does offer some variety. The booked restaurants were all quite good ( we ate at the Mexican, Italian and Mediterranean). We never got sick ( I read too many reviews on people being sick here).
I can understand those who stay for 2 weeks in which case the food does get kind of redundant.
Beach: Awesome. Clean, white sand no rocks.
Pools and grounds: very well maintained and there are 2 pools ( one for adults and one for everyone.
Activities on and off the Resort/Hotel:
Night entertainment was good, staff have a lot of energy and are very polite. Resort is well maintained.
"Awful experience...3rd time there would not go back"
Posted by:
TRUDY on Feb 17, 2012 >
1 contribution(s) Canada
Visited on: Feb, 2012 | Leisure | With Group
653 people found this review helpful
This first 2 time we went to this resort it was great, friendly people great service. this year we went in a group of 11 for three of us it was our third time there which meant nothing to the people at this resort. The experience with the chairs at the beach this time was ridiculous the security wouldn't in allow you to go to the beach bar in the early morning to get a coffee/tea and go back to your beach chairs once you left your stuff on the chairs when you walked away the security would remove all your belongings. The Security would stand and watch for anyone leaving their chairs and run to take your stuff a lot of people had words with the security and all the security people did was laugh...not much of a joke to me....the bartenders at the beach bar were not friendly and rude at times. (which saved me money as I did not tip to much this time) I am not paying someone to yell at me because there is sand on my cup...hello I am at the beach what do you expect. The shows suck never stayed to watch a complete show...boring!!!!
I adviced to you is think twice about to this resort
Room Number:
never received face cloths, didn't alway get extra roll of toilet paper
I one bottle of water for three people
Restaurants and Bars:
rude and unfriendly bartenders
grounds were well keep, kids place in hot tub by the pool so adults could not use. Also kids in swim up bar pool and that should not be aloud as the kids have their own people
Activities on and off the Resort/Hotel:
very few...didn't find activity staff overly friendly
Other Comments:
I would go back to the Mayan Riveria but NOT back to this resort
"This resort is not for family people. Very bad vacation."
Posted by: Svetlana
on Dec 12, 2011 >
1 contribution(s) Canada
Visited on: Dec, 2011 | Leisure | Family and Kids
666 people found this review helpful
My family went to Mexico before and really liked it but this vacation experience was so hell like. I'm still asking myself what did i spent so much money for? We booked 10 days vacation and it wasn't worth it. I'm not booking my family vacation in Mexico ever again.
We came with 1 older person and 2 young children late in the evening. Nobody greeted us, after a long wait we were checked-in in a check- out counter. We were assigned to the 3rd floor room , no elevator, we changed it to the 1st floor room. Nobody helped us to find our room in the dark resort. After 6,5 hours flight and another 30 minutes of checking -in ( we were the only family that came at that time ) we finally opened our vacation room.
The room was dark, floors dirty and huge TV took up half of the vanity table it wasn't hanging on the wall as pictures show. There was not enough space to put our luggage or to hang our belongings . Beds covers was so old I didn't feel like touching it. The room was step away from walking path where staff was riding some noisy bins late in the night and early morning.
We moved to the different room in the newer building. It looked much better until it starts raining and our light fixture has water running down it's cord . We let reception know about the leak and 2 days later nothing was fixed. Another rainy day and water running again.
Sealing in the shower was bulging more and more every day until it's cracked opened and stayed like that for 3 days! Shower head and ventilation was broken from day 1, sink fell out and gave our granny blue toe.
Water was never brought to the room - all we got is 2 little bottles on a first day . It was a chore to go to the buffet and refill our kids small water bottles. Our used face towels was not washed but folded again and again.
Restaurants and Bars:
For the amount of people that was in this small resort I say kitchen staff performed to their highest to make all that dishes , but it was quantity above quality matter- didn't enjoy it much.
One or two waiters new how to be professional on the job, the rest just shown bed attitude - it was expected that tourist would run away from their path fast enough to make a way for a waiter.
Restaurants was tight , everybody was just on top of each other.
Beach was good, clean but towel service staff was present there only half of the working time.
There was only 2 showers to rinse off that caused long waiting lines.
Pools in the resort made for adults who like to enjoy swim up bar . Nothing for kids to do there.
Water puddles around the pool was not drained or wiped so it was very slippery to walk in some places.
In the middle of the reception plaza was an old tree filled up with the fire ants nest . The ants are not visible during the day and there is no sign or fence around it. One evening my 3 year old was playing with a girl his age and they ran around that tree for a minute , next thing I know my child is shaking and screaming than the girl screaming too. So I took all of his clothes off as soon as I could , he was naked and looked like he was wearing black west - that's how many ants got under his clothes. The parents of the little girl was helping her too. It was one of the worst days of my life.
After my son was cleaned and calmed down I went to the resort reception - manager wasn't available and nobody knew where to find one. I told about the ants to the resort representative just to hear back " Well, it's a jungle".
Activities on and off the Resort/Hotel:
Kids club has a gated playground with splash pool where parents can leave 4 -12 years old kids. Our 7 years old spent a lot of time in the club, but our 3 years old wasn't allowed on that playground even with a parent supervision. That was one and only playground in the resort. Overall kids club was good but their swimming in the sea is not well supervised. At one point I saw my 7 year old kid with one of his friends playing in the waves . I asked them where is their group and we searched all beach together - kids club group left, leaving 2 kids in the sea >: [
There was equipment for diving and snorkelling off shore and boat was going for this activities ( $ ) quite often but it's not something to do with a little kids.
Walking distance from the resort was a little shopping plaza, we found one great souvenir store that sell all kinds of sea shells imaginable - it was a beautiful experience, I could call it the only highlight of our vacation.
Good thing for kids of all ages was kids on stage dancing every evening.
"Most fun you could have in a week"
Posted by: Linda
on Nov 5, 2010 >
1 contribution(s) United States of America
Visited on: Oct, 2010 | Leisure | With Group
738 people found this review helpful
No problem checking in our rooms were all ready and clean
Neat and clean rooms with a towel animal every day on our bed
Restaurants and Bars:
The staff was excellent at the bars and restaurants. Drinks were very good with plenty of booze in them. Loved the Japanese Restaurant and the food around the pool bar.
The grounds were always kept up clean and pretty and so was the pool. I liked seeing all the different creatures that came out and none of them bothered us.
Activities on and off the Resort/Hotel:
The activities staff worked real hard to keep us entertained in and out of the pool. Plenty of handsome men and pretty women. I enjoyed the entainment at night and they even had my son dancing on stage.
Other Comments:
I would love to be able to facebook the entertainment staff. I talked to Pillow one of the dancers and he was going to tell us how to get on the hotel facebook but I didn't get to see him the night we were leaving. He is a nice guy who is serious about dancing and he does a great job. I enjoyed watching Spike and Oscar too.
"Great value for the money"
Posted by:
Jeff on Mar 22, 2010 >
1 contribution(s) Canada
Visited on: Feb, 2010 | Leisure | Family and Kids
771 people found this review helpful
Clean rooms, small but lush grounds, friendly staff from grounds keepers up through management.
I can't say enough about the friendly staff, leadership comes from above and all the managers I spoke with were as friendly as could be.
Your Arrival:
We arrived with the rest of the tourists so the check in was hectic.
That's not a bad thing....hectic but also quick and efficient.
The Sunwing was also there to greet us.
Clean but basic, in fact very clean and the maid service was fabulous.
I know many people leave a dollar on the pillow for the maid in return for good service.
I do things different....if I get good service I tip at the end.
We got fabulous service each and every day and I made sure to search out the maid on the final day and left her a pretty good tip....she looked so suprised but it goes to show how good the service really was, even when I'm sure she thought we'd not be tipping.
Restaurants and Bars:
Good food with plenty of variety.
I'm a very picker eater and usually lose weight on holidays. I'm sure I've gained a few kilos,
The pool was small but well layed out.
The mexican brought in 11.2 Billion square feet of white sand to repair the hurricane damage.
I'm given to understand this was a smallish beach to begin with but it's huge now.
One note to smokers....and I'm one. I smoke when I drink and I smoke on the beach....In fact I always seem to have a smoke in hand on vacation, how hard is it for us smokers to get off your behind and go get an ashtray to take to the beach?
Activities on and off the Resort/Hotel:
Great animation staff.
My previous frames of reference is two trips to Cuba and 3 to the Dominican....these folks were motivated, they enjoyed what they did and they obviously had competition for their jobs, the worked hard and it showed.
Other Comments:
My only complaint is nothing to do with the resort but more to do with Sunwing.
To much time spent on the bus on the trip to Tulum/Xel-Ha.....so much to see but time was wasted on the bus waiting for people who could show up on time.....twice we waited for over 20 minutes and then spent time waiting for another bus because the first was to small.
Photos: http://www.flickr.com/photos/spaceritual/sets/72157623589939518/


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By Roger Fredinburg
August 20, 2010
Obama is pushing us towards a civil war
If I told you I was getting so angry at all the stupid stuff going on around me, in fact so mad that I wanted to rip peoples heads off, squeeze the last breath out of their dying carcass, tear off their limbs and feed them to my dogs, many of you would relate to the emotional tug and applaud my desire to slap the morons silly.
Regardless of your position in the Left-Right paradigm, both sides of the great American debate are ready to kill each other.
President Obama and the way out lefty loonies have pushed too hard and too fast for us to arrive at a peaceful ending.
Republicans have run the hypocrites race and won.
The Bush team had both houses of Congress and the White House and they shrunk from the call.
I personally want them all arrested, tried, hung and cremated, hopefully on a new TV reality show.
We could call it "Paybacks are Hell" or something like that.
Imagine the viewership… All revenues ad would go to pay back the debt.
After quick but fair trials, convictions, and executions, all of the stolen wealth from the lying political hypocrites could be raffled off and that money could go to pay back some of the debt they ran up.
Maybe that would help us salvage a future for our children and coming generations of Americans.
Their personal belongings could be auctioned off on an internet site and raffle tickets sold for their more esteemed possessions like Boats, Cars, Real Estate and private Dominican Villas.
Those ticket sales might turn a handsome sum in a global raffle.
We could sell their surviving family members into slavery in the Sudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, China or someplace where they could fulfill the promises made to their foreign pals for loans and favors.
Let the family members of the discontinued scoundrel class use their backs to pay off the debts these morons ran up.
They had no problem putting our children into eternal bondage, why should their gene pool suffer any less reward.
Their rightful inheritance should be that they help pay off the debts those crooked congressional family members ran up for America.
In Arizona, where I predict the next shot heard around the world will be fired, the Feds have gone and created a quagmire far more dangerous than the idiotic Iraq invasion. (We were attacked by Saudi Arabian terrorists)
The Governors, multiple county Sheriffs, the good people of Arizona and other border folks must be at the ready to become vigilantes if required to save their communities from the onslaught of invasion.
The Federal government has gotten to be so stupid and has overreached and encroached on our lives to the point where we are literally at war with our own leaders.
I still can't wrap my head around the notion that a sitting President of the United States of America has sided with Mexican drug cartels against his own people, he is under oath to protect Americans from this very thing.
In the oath all public employees take, they swear to defend the country against all enemies, including "domestic enemies".
If President Obama and the self serving political class in America today aren't our domestic enemies, then I would sure hate to think about who a real domestic enemy might be.
We may try to ignore the reality because it's too hard to swallow, but the fact is, at some point, the divide is so wide that the only answer is mass protest that I predict will eventually lead to a violent resolution, or possibly the term revolution is more appropriate.
If we don't have the right to self defense and self preservation, then we have no rights at all.
To quote Alan Keyes in a recent article:
"The Constitution forbids the states to act without federal authorization "unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay" (Article I, Section 10). Surely, if the a state may, without federal authorization, go to war to protect its citizens from the imminent danger arising from foreign invasion of one type, it may, authorized by the letter and spirit of existing federal law, act to protect its citizens from the actual damage being inflicted upon them by an ongoing foreign invasion of another type."
I know I will be called a radical and a vigilante for writing this.
A vigilante is someone who illegally punishes someone for actual or perceived offenses, or participates in a group which metes out extralegal punishment to such a person. Often the victims are criminals in the legal sense.
"Vigilante justice" is sometimes spurred on by the perception that criminal punishment is either nonexistent or insufficient for the crime.
Some people see their governments as ineffective in enforcing the law; thus, such individuals fulfill the like-minded wishes of the community.
Persons seen as "escaping from the law" or "above the law" are sometimes the targets of vigilantism.
Governmental corruption is the prime target of vigilante freedom fighters.
Whatever the case, I am calling for an uprising amongst the few remaining patriotic America loving folks out there, especially in our border states, where invasion is a daily threat.
Rise up! And don't delay.
We need to cast out the political demons across this great land and return to the values of our founders.
I call for a mass political exorcism now! Let us pray…
The continued attempts at civility in this country are as futile as the rules of engagement were in Viet Nam.
If we keep taking fire without shooting back, then we will suffer a national death without honor.
Do the honorable thing, do what you know must be done.
Unload the weapons of rebuke this November and throw all the bums out. I mean all, local, state and federal. And don't vote for anyone who was formerly employed by the government. Why? Because they never met a tax proposal they didn't like, after all they lived off your taxes their entire government career and their public retirement depends on more and more of your money.
Please! Do it for the children.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lost a Pet?
If your companion animal is lost, act quickly
- Start looking! Don't assume your missing companion will be back in a day or two, has been stolen, or has "gone off to die." Begin your search as soon as you realize your pet is missing, and visit the Missing Pet Partnership for specific strategies on how to find lost cats and lost dogs.
- Visit PAWS or the local animal shelter that services your area. Here's a list of other animal shelters and agencies in Western Washington.
- Contact your local animal control to see if they have found your pet. Some communities provide a "free ride home" for dogs and cats who are wearing a current city license, and if you can provide officers with your current contact information.
- If your pet has a microchip, contact the microchip company to make sure your pet's registration is up-to-date with current phone numbers and contact information. Some microchip companies take lost reports over the phone. If you are not sure of the microchip brand, contact the veterinary clinic or shelter where your pet was microchipped.
- Check out the following pet list to see if your lost pet has already arrived at PAWS. If they are at the shelter, be prepared for the reclaiming process when you arrive at the shelter.
Next Steps:
- After you've initiated your local search, call animal control and other shelters in the surrounding area where the animal was lost and ask to file a lost report.
- Visit PAWS and area shelters and do it often. Looking in person is the best way to ensure that you and your pet are reunited.
- For lost cats, consider renting a humane trap as many displaced cats have not gone far from their homes. As of 2016, our statistics indicate that fewer than 14% of cats who come into the shelter are reunited with their families, while an additional 7% of lost cats are found by their own families when they use humane traps and other methods described on the Missing Pet Partnership website.
- Submit a "lost report" on animal related or social websites like Craigslist.
When you visit PAWS:
- PAWS takes in strays from Edmonds, Kenmore, Lake Forest Park, Mill Creek, Mountlake Terrace, Mukilteo, Shoreline and Woodinville in Washington State. If you lost your pet outside of the Greater Seattle Area in Washington State, search Petfinder.com for shelters near you.
- If you think your pet may be at PAWS, submit a lost animal report and visit during our open hours. (Please note that PAWS makes all lost animal reports available for public viewing. PAWS is not liable for information in the reports.)
When you arrive:
- PAWS staff will instruct you how to look for your cat or dog in the shelter.
- If you haven't already, you will need to complete a lost animal report. Remember to bring a recent picture of your cat or dog to attach to the report.
- Staff will also direct you to our lost and found station to look through the found animal reports. These are completed by citizens who are holding onto stray animals in the hopes of reuniting them with their guardians without leaving them at the shelter.
- As difficult as it may be, ask about records of animals who were found injured or dead.
- Lost and found reports are kept on file for approximately four weeks and are not returned to the reporter. PAWS is not responsible for returning photographs or other items attached to the report.
If your lost cat or dog is at PAWS:
- Good news that your pet has been found!
- Before your pet can be released, you must prove ownership and pay any related fines.
- Proof of ownership is established with pictures, veterinary records, pet tags, licenses or a microchip registered in your name.
- Fines are determined by the city or county where your pet was found. PAWS staff will tell you the amount and where to pay them.
- Depending on where your pet was found, fines are payable either to PAWS by cash or credit card or at the community police station.
- Once you're reunited, learn how to prevent your pet from getting lost again.
If your pet is not at PAWS:
- If your pet is not at PAWS, please keep coming back. Your pet may arrive the next day or the next week, and since many animals look alike we cannot guarantee we will be able to match a completed lost report with your pet. Your chances of finding your pet increase if you return to the shelter on a regular basis.
- Don't forget to visit other shelters in the area—you never know how far your pet may have wandered. Here is a list of other animal shelters and agencies in Western Washington.
- Be sure to check out these other resources for finding your lost friend.


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Posts tagged 'art and craft'
By krys February 6, 2012
Are you looking for a way to jazz up an old frame? As a photographer, I am always looking at frames and what they can bring to an image. Sometimes it's important for the image to stand alone and sometimes it's fun to play and compliment the image with something interesting or fun!


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Medium-duty planting width, seed capacity and heavy-duty performance all come together in a new line of 10HD feeder cup grain drills from Great Plains.
Available in 15-, 20- and 25-foot widths, all three models feature a 2.4-bushel-per-foot seed box for fewer stops and more productivity.
According to Tom Evans, vice-president of sales at Great Plains, one of the keys to performance, however, is the rugged 10HD row unit, which combines precise seed placement with extreme versatility and 11 inches of vertical travel via the parallel linkage.
"It starts with heavy-duty down-pressure springs that offer six different settings for down-force pressures ranging from 250 to 500 pounds per row," Evans adds. "Each row unit also features 15-inch by 4-millimeter thick planter blades for improved trash clearance and maximum strength and longevity. Producers will also appreciate the 18-position T-handle depth control that permits quick, precise setting of the opener depth."
Another Great Plains feature is the cast blade separator that protects each planter seed tube and keeps the blades from pinching together when penetrating packed soil, ensuring that every seed reaches the bottom of the seed groove.
At that point, seed and moisture are sealed in with a choice of closing wheels — 2-inches × 13-inches or 3-inches × 13-inches single center rib; 1-inch × 12-inch double V, or 1.25-inch × 13.5-inch double wedge style — so customers can tailor the machine to their specific soil types and conditions.
Equipped with Great Plain's simple, but field proven fluted feed metering system, all models offer row spacings of 6, 7.5 and 10 inches. However, a precision model is also available, which offers singulation of a wide variety of seeds on each row.
"Available options to further customize these new models to individual needs include Keeton seed firmers, Seed-Loc wheels, unit-mounted coulters and row markers," Evans concludes. "The bottom line is these new drills can be anything the customer wants them to be when the need calls for an economical, yet heavy-duty medium-sized model."
For additional information contact Great Plains Manufacturing Inc., 1525 E. North St., Salina, Kan. 67401: (785) 823-3276, or go to http://www.greatplainsmfg.com.


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Heres me crossing my fingers for an unrated xxxtreme herbie dvd. The last great healthy Lohan flick and we get it altered. She used to be a dime.
Disney technicians were forced to plough through numerous scenes - especially those showing the busty actress jumping up and down at a motor racing track, reducing her breasts by two cup sizes and raising revealing necklines on her T-shirts.
pubrick RIP


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Bachelor's degree in psychology, University of Louisiana at Monroe (formerly Northeast Louisiana University); Master's degree in communication, University of Louisiana at Monroe.
Professional Background:
Dixon got his start in college radio in 1988 at KLPI, where he filled numerous positions such as on-air host, music director, engineering director and training director. He worked briefly in commercial radio (KPCH) from 1988-1991 as an on-air host, but found commercial radio unsatisfying. In 1991, he began his public radio career at KEDM, where he mainly performed on-air hosting duties, but also acted as the music director and internet technologist.
In 2006, Dixon came to CPR to manage the technical operations center (TOC) and was later promoted to Linux systems engineer, then director of new media and technology, and finally vice president of new media and technology. During all of this, Dixon has acquired skills in various IT technologies and earned RHCE, LPIC-2, and MCSE certifications.
In his own words ...
Why I got into radio:
I was mainly interested in the music side of radio. In my career, I've hosted radio shows covering all of my music interests, including new age, space, ambient, classical, classic rock, indy rock, grunge and heavy metal. Once I began my career in public radio, I became interested in news and information programming, as well as the technical back-end of radio operations.
How and why I came to CPR:
When I first moved to the Denver area in 2002, I looked for employment opportunities at CPR, but there were none at that time. With $3,000 in my pocket and no job, I had to find something, so I worked IT at a small company for a few years. In 2005, I was ready to look again and I found the CPR job listing for a TOC manager. The rest, as they say, is history.


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Israel has given the go ahead for the construction of 900 housing units in occupied East Jerusalem, rebuffing a reported US request that it block construction at the Gilo settlement, officials have said.
Israeli officials had earlier on Tuesday declined to comment on a report in the Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper that said George Mitchell , the US envoy to the Middle East, had asked an aide to Binyamin Netanyahu, the Israeli prime minister, to halt the process.
Gilo sits on land captured by Israel in the 1967 Middle East war and annexed to its Jerusalem municipality.
Under international law, all Israeli settlements built on occupied land are illegal.
A spokesman for Nir Barkat, the Israeli mayor of Jerusalem, issued a statement saying the mayor "strongly objects to the American demand to halt construction in Jerusalem".
But Mark Regev, the Israeli government spokesman, declined comment on the report, which also said Netanyahu's negotiator had rejected Mitchell's request at a meeting in London on Monday.
Washington 'dismayed'
Relations between the US and Israel have been soured by Washington's repeated calls for a freeze on settlement expansion, a move Israel has so far refused.
The US said it was "dismayed" over the approval to expand the Gilo settlement and sharply criticised the ongoing evictions and demolition of Palestinian homes.
Robert Gibbs, the White House press secretary, said in a statement: "At a time when we're working to relaunch negotiations, these actions make it more difficult for our efforts to succeed."
Regev repeated Israel's refusal to include areas it annexed to Jerusalem as part of any accommodation of calls by Barack Obama, the US president, for "restraint" in West Bank settlement growth.
"Prime Minister Netanyahu, in order to get the peace process back on track, is willing to adopt the policy of the greatest possible restraint concerning growth in the West Bank - but this applies to the West Bank," Regev said.
"Jerusalem is Israel's capital and will remain as such," he said, stating an Israeli position not recognised by world powers and contested by Palestinians who want to establish a state with East Jerusalem as its capital.
Al Jazeera's Jacky Rowland in Jerusalem said: "What we are seeing is Israel's strategy of trying to differentiate between East Jerusalem and the rest of the occupied West Bank.
"We have seen the government repeatedly claim that Jerusalem is its so-called united capital and the government said just today that whereas it planned to exercise what it called maximum restraint in the West Bank, it claimed that Jerusalem was a different case."
The plan for the housing units was cleared at a local level in April and passed by a committee of the interior ministry on Tuesday, Rowland said.
"It [Gilo] is one of these Jewish settlements across the green line in occupied Palestinian land which is attached to Jerusalem basically as a way of Israel trying to strengthen its grip on the capital, and literally create 900 more facts on the ground," she said.
'Two-state solution'
Israel rejects the international description of Gilo as a settlement and says it is a neighbourhood of Jerusalem.
Tel Aviv's refusal to halt settlement construction in the Occupied Territories has stalled any hopes of resuming peace talks between the Palestinians and Israelis.
Al Jazeera's Nour Odeh, reporting from the West Bank city of Ramallah, said the announcement would be "very disappointing" for the Palestinians, who have set a complete freeze on settlement expansion as a precondition for resuming peace talks.
"This announcement in many ways validates the Palestinian argument that you have an Israel government that is not committed to the two-state solution; that does not even recognise that East Jerusalem is occupied land," Odeh said.
The Palestinians swiftly condemned the approval of the housing units, saying Israel is "not interested in peace".
Nabil Abu Rudeineh, the spokesperson of the Palestinian president, told Al Jazeera: "We condemn this step as it sends a clear message that Israel is not interested in peace and that it wants to ensure the failure of international efforts to reach peace and protect the two-state solution.
"Israel wants, through its actions, to secure the invalidity of establishing an independent Palestinian state. The international community's continued acceptance of these Israeli measures threatens stability in the region and the foundations of peace we seek."
The West Bank-based Palestinian Authority has expressed frustration at Israel's refusal to concede in order to get peace talks back on track and on Sunday said they would take steps to get the UN to back their right to an independent state.
While calling on Israel to show restraint in settlement expansion as a gesture of goodwill, the US has also urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to drop his demand for a total freeze.
Netanyahu has offered a temporary restriction on projects that have not already started in the West Bank, but Abbas says this is insufficient and that it does not include areas Israel annexed to Jerusalem.
© 2000 - 2019 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


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Before You Get Started
Apply eye makeup before doing the rest of your face. If shadow falls on your cheek, no worries.
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Step 1
Start with eye shadow primer from lashes to brow—it prevents color from smearing or creasing. Use a brown gel or pencil liner around the entire eye. On the upper lid, increase thickness as you go outward, extending just past your lashes. Smudge all over with a sponge-tip applicator to diffuse color.
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Step 2
Sweep an ivory-colored shadow over the entire lid in an outward direction with a small shadow brush. Go all the way up to the brow and get as close as you can to the inner corner. Next, add depth and dimension—a key part of the look—by layering on a medium brown tone from the lash line up to the crease.
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Step 3
Frame by using your darkest brown shadow around the entire eye—layering over the liner from step one—and extending outer corners past lashes. Next, sweep the ivory shade across the lid to blend all three shadows together, creating a soft, smoldering effect. Trace a brown liquid liner along the upper lash line. Curl lashes and finish with mascara.
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Smoky Eye Tools
Sonia Kashuk Crease Shadow Brush
The contoured shape gets into every crevice for an even application.
Available at Target stores and target.com, $6.
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Maybelline New York Expert Wear Eye Shadow
With this fail-safe palette, you can be sure all four shades work perfectly together.
Available at drugstores, $6.
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Revlon Colorstay Eyeliner
Water- and smudge-proof, this eyeliner really does stay where you want it—no midday raccoon eyes.
Available at drugstores, $7.
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Watch a Video How-To!
Family Circle Beauty Assistant Amanda Flores gets a step-by-step makeup tutorial in creating a Brown Smoky Eye look from e.l.f. Cosmetics Creative Director Achelle Dunaway. The how-to walks you through three easy steps to get this smoky look, perfect for fall, day or night.
Originally published in the October 17, 2010, issue of Family Circle magazine.
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The Early Offer is RecruitingNation's regular feature, giving you a daily dose of recruiting in the mornings. Today's offerings: The Class of 2014 will go down as one of the wildest recruiting rides in recent memory. With so many players switching commitments and some elite prospects still left on the board, here are five things to keep an eye on heading into recruiting's biggest day.
Does Bama have the best class ever?


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Showing Items 1 to 6 of 6
Little girls will adore the My Little Pony Bedding, Tangled Bedding and much more.
Boys will dig the Transformers Bedding, Batman Bedding, WWE Bedding and much more. And all kids will enjoy the SpongeBob SquarePants Bedding.
My Little Pony Bedding is the perfect addition to any little girl's room. The My Little Pony Bedding collection includes sheets set, comforter, complete bedding set and window treatments.
Transformers Bedding features Optimus Prime battling the evil Decepticons. Bold colors and graphics give Transformers Bedding the look that all boys love and includes sheets set, comforter, decorative pillows, sleeping bag, and a lot more.
Batman Bedding is perfect for any little fan of the Dark Knight. Batman Bedding features classic Batman colors in black, blue, orange and yellow and includes sheets set, comforter, decorative pillows, window treatments and pillowcases.
WWE Bedding will thrill any young wrestling fan. WWE Bedding brings Triple H, Undertaker and John Cena to your son's bedroom with the sheets set, comforter, accent pillow, throw blanket and much more.
SpongeBob SquarePants Bedding turns any bedroom into an undersea fantasy that all kids love. SpongeBob SquarePants Bedding features SpongeBob and his snail pal, Gary, and includes sheets set, comforter, blanket, decorative pillow and much more.


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After MUCH deliberation, we decided to name our little guy Colt Michael Alexander. Craig's dad actually suggested the name a while back and it kept coming back up until we decided to go with it. So Grandpa gets credit for Colt's name. My dad's name is Michael, so that's where the middle name comes from. Therefore, Grandpa and Pop both have ties to their grandson's name. I love it. In the middle of May, some of my sweet friends threw me a baby shower for Colt. It was so weird getting boy things! All we know around here is bows, frills, and pink and purple, so it has been kind of nice to have a change! The nursery is done in a cowboy theme, so that's the theme the shower was in. It was adorable!! From the awesome cake to the super cute diaper cake, to the jars we drank out of, everything went perfectly with the little cowboy theme. Thanks to my sweet friends (and sister-in-law) for making this a special day!
Most of the Hostesses
Grandmas, an aunt, and a big sister who got the privilege of coming since it was during little sister's naptime.
This is the AMAZING quilt that my mom made for Colt. I absolutely love it and it's big enough to be his bedding when he moves to a twin size bed! Thanks so much Nona!


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Casa Hotel4
Casa Hotel, Lockoford Lane, Chesterfield, S41 7JB
Price FromView Rooms
- Excellent
- 153 guest reviews
"Very clean, smart hotel. Staff friendly. Delicious biscuits in room The only criticism was that the room was too hot but when we opened the..."
"Would have been better but had to pay again they couldn't find my booking confirmation...."
"Had a lovely overnight stay at Casa with evening meal and breakfast. Very well appointed room and although overlooking the dual carriageway..."
"the hotel was lovely, definitely 4 star. The bed was so comfy but was a bit disappointed there was no bath in the room, having said that the..."
About the hotel
Casa is Chesterfield's only independent 4 AA Star hotel – situated in the historic market town of Chesterfield, Casa is a truly impressive luxury hotel. With a subtle Spanish theme running throughout, guests will immediately be enveloped in a feeling of warmth, combined with a touch of the exotic. Located just 10 minutes away from Junction 29 of the M1, and just 5 minutes from Chesterfield train station, this hotel is easy to get to, and also provides parking for up to 200 cars, all free of charge.
Each of their 100 bedrooms are designed with you in mind; to be comfortable, relaxing and luxuriant. Guests can choose to stay in Deluxe rooms or Suites, however all rooms come with air conditioning, Hypnos beds, 32 Inch LCD TVs, fridges stocked with water and milk, tea and coffee making facilities and free Wifi as standard. Suite rooms are that little bit bigger, giving guests extra space, with a separate living area.
The Cocina Restaurant is Casa's award winning 2 AA Rosette dining experience – their talented chefs create dishes using only the finest produce available, locally sourced from Walton Lodge Farm and cooked using special Spanish charcoal fired ovens for that taste of authenticity. Guests can choose Tapas or the A La Carte menu, or a mixture of the two! There certainly is something for everybody here.
If you fancy something a little more laid back, why not try the Barca Bar? A comfortable place to meet and eat, where food is served throughout the day, and guests can choose from tapas, sandwiches or a full pub meal. Signature cocktails are also available here. Whatever you are there for, Barca Bar's vibrant atmosphere enhances any occasion.
There's plenty to do in the local area; with the Peak District National Park on your doorstep, there are plenty of walks for the nature enthusiasts to go on, while for those with children, Gulliver's Kingdom is only a 35 minute drive away in Matlock Bath. The beautiful Hardwick Hall and Gardens is only a 20 minute drive away, or visitors could take a trip down the Chesterfield Canal or for the day to Linacre Reservoir (a 15 minute drive from the hotel). For those that want to soak up a bit of culture, Chesterfield itself boasts the Chesterfield Museum and Art Gallery, as well as the Pomegranate Theatre, only 5 minutes away from the hotel. The hotel also hosts various events, including singers, tribute acts and wedding fayres, just to name a few.
Quality abounds at Casa, right from the grand reception finished with Spanish marble, to the deluxe bedrooms decorated in warm autumnal tones and boasting plush furnishings, to the on-site gym for those that want to keep fit while they stay here. Free Wifi is available throughout the hotel.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- Hotel Non-Smoking Throughout, Disabled Facilities, Air conditioning in rooms, 24 Hour Reception, Cots available, Wedding Licence, Safety Deposit Box, Tea/Coffee making facilities in each room, Hairdryer in each room, Iron And Board In Each Room, Minibar in each room, Telephone In Each Room, 24 Hour Room Service, Limited room service for hot food, Concierge, Laundry/Valet Service, Wake Up Call Available, Interconnecting rooms available, Lift to all floors, Public Air Conditioning
- Parking
- Car parking available onsite
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available, Meeting Facilities, In-room Broadband, In-room Modem Hook up, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas, Wi-Fi Available In Rooms, Private dining services
- Dining
- Restaurant, Bar
- Leisure
- Gymnasium, [Channels] News, [Channels] Sky Sports, [Channels] Music, [Channels] Childrens
- In Room Entertainment
- Accessibility
- Disabled Access Public Areas, Disabled Access Bedrooms, Disabled toilets on ground floor, Wheelchair Access, Wheelchair Access To Reception, Wheelchair Access To Restaurant, Wheelchair Access To Bar, Wheelchair Access To Conference Rooms, Wheelchair Access To Leisure Facilities, Wheelchair Access To Disabled Car Parking Spaces
Useful Info Show/hide
- 15:00
- 11:00
- Up to 15 years old
- The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
97% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
One night visit
Very clean, smart hotel.
Staff friendly. Delicious biscuits in room
The only criticism was that the room was too hot but when we opened the...
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Casa Hotel


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Starting December 2, 1946 as a fresh out of the army veteran, the staff at River Falls turned me from an "I can always quit student" into a "dedicated learner" by the time I graduated in May 1950. I went to work at the Appleton Vocational School on June 1, 1950. I had a very satisfying and enjoyable career thanks to the guidance of another River Falls Graduate, Lenard Warner. Len was a pace setter in Adult Ag Education in Wisconsin.
-Oliver Lerum, 1950


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CONCORD � In retrospect, the highlight of the weekend at Charlotte Motor Speedway was a guy on a tightrope, that and the Bank of America�s post-race media conference with �Goodtime� Clint Bowyer and his talk-show host of an owner, Michael Waltrip.
On Sunday, when I got home, I checked the social networks and all the traffic was about some man who, best I could tell, dove out of space.
I knew all the Dale Earnhardt Jr. fans were down and out, but son of a gun � don�t do it, man. You�ve got plenty to live for.
Turns out the man�s name was Horace Greeley or something (OK, it was Felix Baumgartner). I was tired and sleepy, and football and baseball were on, so about all I could muster when I learned Baumgartner made it was � cool.
Oh, yeah, the stock car race � to mimic no less an authority than Richard Petty, it was �one of them cool deals, too.�
Bowyer worked his way back into the Chase, as opposed to the space, race by winning at a track where he has never fared particularly well. Maybe it was because they splashed a bit too much beer around in Victory Lane, but when Bowyer arrived to talk about it, the best word to describe him was �giddy.� He giggled and kept saying, �Hey, like, can I go now?� but then someone else would ask a question and he�d answer it while giggling some more. I�m not saying he was drunk, though I don�t doubt that it came later. He was just sort of happy in the way of a man who�s been taking hits on helium balloons. But his voice didn�t even change, so that couldn�t have been it.
The whole affair was fun. It was late at night, and there was some giddiness all around. No one had to talk anymore about concussions.
In fact, even the racers loved the tightwire act. The guy�s name was Nik Wallenda, and, alas, like everyone in the Bank of America field, he wasn�t from North Carolina.
Bowyer: �I was pretty impressed with the tightrope in pre�race today. I was pretty impressed with that. I thought that was pretty cool.�
Waltrip: �Did you see, not only was he on that wire, he was walking straight uphill. Did you see him unclip? Naturally, they played �Free Falling.� That was real nice, Tom Petty's �Free Falling� as the guy is risking his life for our entertainment. What a good song to play as he's 250 feet in the air.�
Winning crew chief Brian Pattie: �So, yes, we're going to go for trophies the next five weeks. Thanks.� (Nice try.)
Bowyer even turned the race into a high-wire act, though he got a little help.
Question: �Clint, was going for fuel mileage kind of like walking a high wire?�
Bowyer: �Yeah, except I don't think you can just run out halfway across the wire. I guess you could fall off, but we can just stop and not get across and have to camp out right there.�
Good to know, huh?


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The crisis in the housing market has hit Madison. Dane County saw 1,768 foreclosure filings in 2010, five times the number recorded in 2000. Of particular concern is the effect these foreclosures could have on Madison's neighborhoods and neighborhood organizations.
And when the Capital Times set out to cover the story, they went to Professor Lisa Alexander, an expert in housing and community economic development law.
Professor Alexander teaches a course called Housing and Community Economic Development Law, in which students study issues and conduct service-learning projects for Madison-area CED organizations, including the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA) and the Southdale Neighborhood Association.
Last semester, some of Professor Alexander's students working with the Dane County Foreclosure Prevention Taskforce surveyed other communities to find best practices for dealing with foreclosures. Of particular interest were the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn., which share many similarities with Madison. Ideas that Professor Alexander and her students thought would be a good fit for Dane County include a public-private land bank to purchase foreclosed houses for resale, ordinances that penalize property owners who let property sit vacant, and "home tours" to make prospective buyers aware of foreclosed, vacant properties on the market.
Although Madison's neighborhoods have not had as severe impacts as neighborhoods in larger Midwestern cities such as Milwaukee and Detroit, Professor Alexander says that it is important to start exploring ways to lessen the impact of foreclosures before the situation gets any worse.
The full article is available here.
Submitted by UW Law School News on January 6, 2011
This article appears in the categories: In the Media


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pi-top teaches students to create their own inventions and it is designed to ease the novice user into tinkering with software and hardware.
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The easiest and most expressive way to paint and have fun, enhancing tactile and sensorial development in youngest children. Our finger paint is easy to apply and once it dries, it maintains vivid and bright colours without scratches, even after multiple layers.
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Made for comfort and durability, HearFones® do
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The cycle of hype and debate surrounding South Carolina defensive end Jadeveon Clowney — surefire all-pro one day, guaranteed bust the next — hasn't gone unnoticed to former Southeastern Conference rival Kony Ealy.
Clowney might become the No.1 pick in next month's NFL draft. But Ealy, a Missouri standout and a possible first-round pick himself, figures it's just a matter of time before he and others remind everyone Clowney isn't the only pass rusher available.
"I feel like I'm the best guy in this draft, period," Ealy told USA TODAY Sports on Tuesday. "And that's not a cocky thing — that's just a confidence thing. It's not just talk. It's been proven. My numbers show for it. My size and speed and agility show for it. What else can you want?"
DEFENSIVE TACKLES: Nix has motor to match massive size
RUNNING BACKS: Sankey, Hyde best at devalued position
If production were all that mattered, not much. Playing in the same division of the SEC last year, Ealy had 9½ sacks and Clowney, who had broken out with 13 sacks in 2012, had three amid injuries and questions about his motivation.
On the flip side, one of Ealy's teammates, Michael Sam, had 11½ sacks on the way to earning SEC defensive player of the year honors in 2013 — and he's projected as a late-round pick. NFL teams look at traits, not numbers, and as impressive as Ealy is athletically, Clowney's on his own planet.
"I feel like it's not really a competition against just Jadeveon Clowney; it's a competition against ourselves," Oregon State defensive end Scott Crichton told USA TODAY Sports. "I'm trying to be the best in the whole league. That's my motivation."
Crichton played three years with the Beavers and had 22½ sacks. He also figures to be off the board before the second day ends, along with Clowney, Ealy, Notre Dame's Stephon Tuitt, Auburn's Dee Ford,
But only one is getting round-the-clock pre-draft coverage this year. Ealy says he's fine with the attention being on Clowney, whom he said he is "real cool" with and believes will do well as a pro.
"I just hope he keeps his head straight," Ealy said. "There's no knocking him. But I'm the best defensive end in this draft. I may not have a whole lot of hype, but I don't (need) anybody to acknowledge me."
Ealy maximized opportunities to show NFL teams their options, even after Clowney stopped conducting private workouts. Ealy said Tuesday he has worked out for seven teams and just finished his fifth and final visit.
Crichton recently wrapped up a five-day trip to Pittsburgh, Dallas, Denver and San Diego. He also worked out for the Carolina Panthers, Atlanta Falcons and New England Patriots and will visit the Seattle Seahawks today.
"I just can't wait to be on the field again and show them what I've got," Crichton said. "All these other defensive ends are phenomenal players, don't get me wrong. But I think I'm the most complete out of all of them."
In the end, Clowney is almost sure to be the first pass rusher off the board, if not the first player overall. The Houston Texans' decision on how to use their No.1 overall pick may have less to do with how he fits into their defense — likely as a pass rush-focused outside linebacker — than their comfort level with the total package.
PHOTOS: Prospect, NFL player comparisons
To Ealy, the fact that the only questions about him are regarding his development on the field is one more reason to consider him the draft's best pass rusher. Doubt his freakish ability? Ealy said he snapped a metal blocking sled in half during a private workout.
"I've never had an injury, never had an off-the-field distraction," Ealy said. "I really don't pay attention to a lot of what outside people say.
"The only thing that matters is what the NFL coaches say, and then everybody else — we'll see what happens May 8."
TEAM NEEDS: Replacing pass rushers a priority
Dallas Cowboys: They cut DeMarcus Ware and haven't re-signed Anthony Spencer, who played in one game in 2013 before having microfracture knee surgery. A pass-rush presence is desperately needed, especially with defensive tackle Jason Hatcher gone as well.
Atlanta Falcons: Newly signed Tyson Jackson is a run stopper, not a pass rusher. Osi Umenyiora, 32, is no longer cut out to play every snap. They need somebody to generate more pressure off the edge. Ends combined for 11½ of their paltry 29 sacks last season.
Pittsburgh Steelers: Cameron Heyward is an ascending player, but Ziggy Hood bolted to the Jacksonville Jaguars, Al Woods signed with the Tennessee Titans and 35-year-old Brett Keisel is a free agent. The only other ends on the roster were undrafted a year ago: Brian Arnfelt and Nick Williams.
Houston Texans: Durable Antonio Smith left for the Oakland Raiders, leaving a void opposite J.J. Watt. Pass rush help figures to come from upgrades at outside linebacker, but they need another end suited to Romeo Crennel's two-gap scheme.
New York Giants: Losing Umenyiora and Justin Tuck (Oakland Raiders) in consecutive offseasons thinned a deep pass-rushing group. They did sign Robert Ayers, who had a career-high 5½ sacks last season for the Denver Broncos. But they could use more options to take heat off Jason Pierre-Paul.
Seattle Seahawks: Depth was nearly as big a key to the champs' defensive dominance in 2013 as talent. But Seattle couldn't afford to keep veteran ends Red Bryant and Chris Clemons, both salary cap casualties this offseason, and Cliff Avril's contract expires after this season. On the plus side, any variety of players work in the team's scheme — Avril and Clemons are edge rushers who are a bit undersized, while Bryant was the largest starting end in the NFL.
Kansas City Chiefs: They could be in the market for a five-technique such as Notre Dame's Stephon Tuitt to take over for departed Jackson on their three-man line. Beefing up the rotation is a priority regardless.
(Note: Scouts spoke on condition of anonymity for competitive reasons.)
Jadeveon Clowney, South Carolina
Height: 6-6. Weight: 266.
Scouting report: Supremely talented athlete who comes with questions about his motor and commitment. Sack total dropped from 13 in breakout 2012 season to three as a junior in 2013. Built for 4-3 right end but could transition to 3-4 outside linebacker. Potential No. 1 overall pick.
Insider's take: "His athletic ability's off the charts. It's something that we haven't seen in a guy who's that size. What makes him rare is that he's as big as he is and as fluid as he is. He's a fast player. He's an explosive player. Anything that you ask him to do coming off the edge, he can be able to do it athletically." — NFC scout
Projected round: First.
Stephon Tuitt, Notre Dame
Height: 6-5. Weight: 304.
Scouting report: Big-bodied, disruptive lineman who moved around in Notre Dame's multiple scheme. Had 12 sacks in 2012 and nine more as a junior in 2013 despite being hobbled early following sports hernia surgery. Can eat up blockers on run downs and rush the passer inside.
Insider's take: "Obviously, the 3-4 teams are going to love him. He's got to be one of the best guys in terms of being a five-tech that can anchor the defensive front because he is a 315-pounder that is athletic and agile. The motor runs a little hot and cold on him. You certainly can tell when it's third down with him. But he's a good player." — NFC area scout
Projected round: First.
Kony Ealy, Missouri
Height: 6-4. Weight: 273.
Scouting report: Quick, exciting edge rusher who needs further development against the run and pass. Finished three-year college career with 14 sacks, including 9½ as a junior in 2013. Has room to get bigger and stronger. Could play a hybrid role as a five-technique and standup rusher.
Insider's take: "He's got all the athletic skill that you'd like for a guy that size. He's not always consistently strong, and he's not always consistently relentless. He doesn't have a legitimate, go-to pass rush move. But you see all the traits to be a really, really solid player in the NFL. He has great get-off. He can rush the passer. He's just raw because he's young." — NFC scout
Projected round: First-second.
Dee Ford, Auburn
Height: 6-2. Weight: 252.
Scouting report: Undersized pass rusher who may project better as a 3-4 outside linebacker. Battled a knee injury early last season but returned to post 10½ sacks, pushing total to 20½ in parts of five seasons. Missed most of 2011 with back injury. Held his own against SEC's best.
Insider's take: "Exceptional quickness off the line of scrimmage. You question a little bit how he plays in a 4-3. (He could be) an open-side end to come off the edge as a pass rusher. You're just concerned about the size and the length to play against the run. But definitely a very good pass rusher and he's going to go (early), because those guys come at a premium." — NFC scout
Projected round: Second.
Michael Sam, Missouri
Height: 6-2. Weight: 261.
Scouting report: Productive, high-energy player who led the SEC with 11½ sacks as a senior. Athletically limited. Lacks bulk to play the run on a consistent basis or fluidity to cover in space. Projects as a designated pass rusher in the NFL. Hopes to become NFL's first openly gay player.
Insider's take: "He's tight, he's stiff and he's short. He's got a lot going against him. But he's got the part that's going to be hard for us to discount, and that's his motor. You have to decide on your roster, what does he do and how does he fit? He's relentless, and players like that — they can make things happen just with their will alone." — NFC scout
Projected round: Fifth-seventh.
Contributing: Nate Davis
MOCK DRAFT: Bortles is top quarterback
USA TODAY Sports' Lorenzo Reyes projects the first round of the 2014 NFL draft and explains some key selections. USA TODAY Sports


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How we manage roads during winter
When we get long periods of snow and ice, we will work with your local councillors and community to decide on the things they want to do as a priority to enable people's daily lives to continue as normal as possible.
We will help deliver these priorities, which could include things like clearing snow or helping vulnerable people with their shopping or putting their bins out. Volunteering makes a real difference in the community, if you would like to register to be a community volunteer please contact your Neighbourhood Manager.
There are no specific laws stopping you from clearing snow and ice on the pavements outside your property, pathways to your property or public spaces. If an accident did happen, it is highly unlikely that you would be sued as long as you make sure you do not make the pavement or pathway more dangerous than before.
People using areas covered by snow and ice have to be mindful of their own safety.


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The value of anything is established by its properties. If values aren't really arbitrary, then there is an absolute morality. The rest of this is trying to explain why values can't be arbitrary, they can only be misunderstood as arbitrary.
This thread is an argument that order is the basis of all concepts. Order is very rigid, so when you build a concept like a moral system on it, like all concepts should be built, it is going to lead to absolute results. Morality is based on values, and the only way to justify morality is to prove your values are accurate. My argument is that values aren't arbitrary, thus there is an absolute morality.
Original post below:
Many atheists shy away from absolute morality because it sounds religious. I argue that there has to be an absolute morality because the universe is absolute. This may seem wrong as there are many subjective things. I am contending that this isn't true because subjectivity resides on the conceptual level and like disorder and change is not a part of actual existence, but rather merely descriptive. Absolute morality has to exist because the base foundation for morality is order, which enables it to have structure as a social concept. This means that even as a concept, it has to have an absolute and most perfect form as a social concept.
I have been working on this for a while, and I think I am nearing completion, but I am wondering what faults may be found with this line of thought... I have had to return to the drawing board to correct my errors a few times already.
This below is an addendum:
What I am contending is that once morality is conceived as a concept, the nature of order upon which any concept is structured necessitates a most perfect form.
Individual perception causes humans to see the concept with innaccuracy in contrast to the order with which the concept maintains structure in conceptual reality. This creates subjectivity.
But where I am really going with this is that order is the base functional principle of any structure in the universe.
At the very foundation of the level of actuality lies order. Without order, molecules neither form nor bind. Order enables structure, which in turn enables every other level of existence. Order permeates every level of existence as its foundation, including anything that exists on the conceptual level. For this reason, structural order serves as the archetypal basis that justifies having a moral system.
Disorder is mistaken as coexisting with order, but it exists on the conceptual level only and is a name given to an observation of change. It is not a counterpart to order. That means disorder is not actual. It is conceptual.
These things tie together to start to point out that best action can be established on the basis of the order of the universe, and the lack of actuality of disorder which would be its only challenger.
Views: 3028
The universe is absolute? I see, great argument. There must be an absolute best color too then.
I'll bite Korsan. On what basis must there be?
Morality, right/wrong - they are human concepts. In nature, there is no right or wrong, no morality - just survival, and random chaos.
For there to be absolute morality, someone will have to define what is moral & what isn't. And that's a big step towards religion.
If it is directly tied to a functional aspect of the physical universe, then the concept is bound to that physical aspect.
But even existing in the purely conceptual, someone wouldn't have to define it for there to be an absolute version. Concepts are based on thought structure. Thought structure is bonded by order. Anything built from order can be perfectly ordered. Anything perfectly ordered is a perfect form. Subjectivity is due to variant perceptual inaccuracy. Since morality is a conceptual ideal, it exists in perfect form even if not understood.
It wouldn't be a step toward religion. It would be a step toward greater accuracy.
No, only ideals are absolutes. But that doesn't make them actual. I think it really important to distinguish what is conceptual and what is actual, because we refer to both as reality without that distinguishment far too often.
Like this. God is a real concept. But God is not real.
Morality did not exist before us, and it will not survive our extinction unless another species carries the torch. The functional principle it is tied to is what is actual.
Michael, I didn't discover it beyond dispute since anything can be disputed even without good grounds. I did discover this beyond reasonable dispute though. But certain things do not need to be accepted as real if there is no good evidence for them being there. I believe this is what justifies saying invisible unicorns aren't real either.
But my contention that ideals are absolute comes from what I was saying to Askay: Concepts are based on thought structure. Thought structure is bonded by order. Anything built from order can be perfectly ordered. Anything perfectly ordered is a perfect form. Subjectivity is due to variant perceptual inaccuracy. Since morality is a conceptual ideal, it exists in perfect form even if not understood.
So... morality is like the Force? Both are real concepts, but neither exists in our universe in a measurable way? If there was no morality before it was conceived as a thought by a person the same way that the Force did not exist until George Lucas conceived of it as a thought, then neither one is part of the physical universe, because without their respective creators they never were/are/or will be. Am I understanding what you are trying to say?
"The functional principle it is tied to is what is actual." What are you talking about when you say "functional principle," and what is your definition of "actual?" That sentence translates to me as, "The process based on a natural law it (morality?) is tied to is part of a concrete reality," which makes it sound like you are saying that an imagined idea, like the Force, is somehow part of reality because it comes about from some process that is a part of reality?
I'm trying to understand, but you speak with a higher level of philosophical study that most people don't comprehend. People like me.
If it is directly tied to a functional aspect of the physical universe, then the concept is bound to that physical aspect.
That's a huge if. And since humans are the only beings that seem care about morality, or that animal morals aren't that great, I'd say such a statement requires the universe to be built for humans to be moral, or built with a purpose. Seems like religion to me.
Even conceptual constructs needs to be grounded in something tangible. Mathematics for instance, can be simulated physically. Take one stone, then take another - they will always add up to two stones. You need base cases, there are no such base cases when it comes to morality.
A quote from A Game of Thrones comes to mind -
Power resides where men believe it to reside.
Same applies to morals. If men believe something to be moral, then it will be considered moral.
Yes, but morality exists on the conceptual level and is limited to humans at the moment, and the functional aspect exists on the physical level and it seems all living things follow that principle.
How they go about doing it depends on their complexity of thought. Something like morality exists in ape communities in some sense. I remember the study of monkeys that proved they had a concept of fairness.
Dear Folks:
The bible might contain a blueprint for a moral life, but you are stuck with messy humans that would apply it. It might be nice to have a 'moral calculus', like an app. on your cell phone. You input the importand details of a situation, and out pops the absolute correct thing to do. If you are a christian, you have a ready made moral mapping, as long as you stay within a rather confined decision space, which might make their moral calculus much more simple. Behind all of this seems to be the assumption of a perfect determinism.
Where would you begin?
I would favor a propositional model, made up of premises/assertions, and a computational method. Not all ethical or moral decisions are open ended, and some must be made in a vast web of possible social impacts. An 'ecology of effect' should be assumed.
A possible computational model might consist of a high order matrix, initial state details would have to be encoded, which would then pass through the matrix to determine a vector, or the moral decision as an output. Since the inputs are mostly in a text format the encodeing could offer a special problem of language ambiguity, a reduction to a symbolic representation might be helpful.
Since many decisions are open ended, or not confined, a chain of matrix operations matched to the resulting vector would need to be done in recursion. If memory serves, this is called a Marcove Chain.
A theory of 'moral computation' might be a great PHD paper in mathematics and ethics.
The other option might inviolve: FLYING BY THE SEAT OF YOUR PANTS! OR DO THE BEST THAT YOU CAN! This has always been my fall back position..LOL
James, I think this is very interesting. Because morality is an ideal tied to order, it seems it can be done.
Dear John:
I tried doing something like this in school during my first run at a philosophy degree. The little paper was meet with a short blank stare and a long note indicating that my reach exceeded my grasp..;p).
You might look into Bayes' Theorem. If you cound find a way to give weighted values to certain decisions based upon the probability of a positive result, you might be able to test each one, to determine the best. To be able to determine an exhaustive list of possible decisions I expect will be the 'hard' part. If an ethical/moral choice can be considered the act of a rational being, some 'calculus' could be helpful or even mandatory.
You could take each option and unpack it to list positive and negative outcomes and compair between them. I one that generates the greatest probable good could be the best candidate. Your weighting will depend upon your metaphysical commitments, in this case not absolute.


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Hope College has taken a commanding lead in a bid to win the Commissioner's Cup of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) for a 12th consecutive year.
Hope College has taken a commanding lead in a bid to win the Commissioner's Cup of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) for a 12th consecutive year.
The Commissioner's Cup is awarded to the MIAA-member college with the best cumulative performance in the league's 18 sports for men and women.
Thru the eight sports sponsored in the fall, Hope has built a 22-point advantage in the Cup standings. Hope tops the standings in both men's and women's sports with a cumulative total of 103 points followed by Calvin 81, Adrian 64, Alma 58, Trine 55, Albion 48, Olivet 40 and Kalamazoo 40.
Hope teams finished first or second in seven of the eight fall sports. Championships were won in men's golf and women's cross country. Hope finished in second place in men's cross country, football, men's soccer, women's golf, and volleyball. The women's soccer team tied for fourth.
New this year is a consistent policy for determining who will represent the MIAA in NCAA championships. Regular season competition determines the league champion while a season-ending tournament determines who receives the MIAA's automatic bid to NCAA play. There were five fall sports (men's and women's soccer, men's and women's golf and volleyball) that had the oppornuity to play in a qualifying tournament with Hope teams qualifying for all five, the only member school to achieve that fete. Hope's volleyball and men's soccer teams advanced to their respective NCAA tournaments. Opportunities to qualify in men's and women's golf will occur next spring.
Hope has won a league leading 33 Commissioner's Cup since the award was initiated in 1934-35, including 26 of the last 32 years. The current string started in 2000-01.
Commissioner's Cup Standings (thru fall sports): 1. Hope 103. 2. Calvin 81. 3. Adrian 64. 4. Alma 58. 5. Trine 55. 6. Albion 48. 7. Olivet 40. 8. Kalamazoo 35.
Men's All-Sports Standings: 1. Hope 50. 2. Trine 34. 3. Albion 32. 3. Calvin 32. 5. Adrian 26. 6. Alma 22. 7. Olivet 20. 8. Kalamazoo 8.
Women's All-Sports Standings: 1. Hope 53. 2. Calvin 49. 3. Adrian 38. 4. Alma 36. 5. Saint Mary's 28. 6. Kalamazoo 27. 7. Trine 21. 8. Olivet 20. 9. Albion 16.


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Inkedibles Frosting Sheets
Inkedibles premium Frosting Sheets in a generous, convenient pack of 24 sheets. These carefully prepared frosting sheets work perfectly with edible inks and come with a peel-off backing that is easy to remove when you are ready to apply the printed frosting sheet to your cake. Simply feed the frosting sheet through the printer as you would a regular piece of paper, print with edible printer ink, and apply the printed frosting sheet to your cake.
This food product item is not returnable if it is opened. Refund on returned package of unopened frosting sheets is contingent upon their return condition.


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Computational Phonology
Jane Chandlee and Jeffrey Heinz
Computational phonology studies the nature of the computations necessary and sufficient for characterizing phonological knowledge. As a field it is informed by the theories of computation and phonology.
The computational nature of phonological knowledge is important because at a fundamental level it is about the psychological nature of memory as it pertains to phonological knowledge. Different types of phonological knowledge can be characterized as computational problems, and the solutions to these problems reveal their computational nature. In contrast to syntactic knowledge, there is clear evidence that phonological knowledge is computationally bounded to the so-called regular classes of sets and relations. These classes have multiple mathematical characterizations in terms of logic, automata, and algebra with significant implications for the nature of memory. In fact, there is evidence that phonological knowledge is bounded by particular subregular classes, with more restrictive logical, automata-theoretic, and algebraic characterizations, and thus by weaker models of memory.
Computational Semantics
Katrin Erk
Computational semantics performs automatic meaning analysis of natural language. Research in computational semantics designs meaning representations and develops mechanisms for automatically assigning those representations and reasoning over them. Computational semantics is not a single monolithic task but consists of many subtasks, including word sense disambiguation, multi-word expression analysis, semantic role labeling, the construction of sentence semantic structure, coreference resolution, and the automatic induction of semantic information from data.
The development of manually constructed resources has been vastly important in driving the field forward. Examples include WordNet, PropBank, FrameNet, VerbNet, and TimeBank. These resources specify the linguistic structures to be targeted in automatic analysis, and they provide high-quality human-generated data that can be used to train machine learning systems. Supervised machine learning based on manually constructed resources is a widely used technique.
A second core strand has been the induction of lexical knowledge from text data. For example, words can be represented through the contexts in which they appear (called distributional vectors or embeddings), such that semantically similar words have similar representations. Or semantic relations between words can be inferred from patterns of words that link them. Wide-coverage semantic analysis always needs more data, both lexical knowledge and world knowledge, and automatic induction at least alleviates the problem.
Compositionality is a third core theme: the systematic construction of structural meaning representations of larger expressions from the meaning representations of their parts. The representations typically use logics of varying expressivity, which makes them well suited to performing automatic inferences with theorem provers.
Manual specification and automatic acquisition of knowledge are closely intertwined. Manually created resources are automatically extended or merged. The automatic induction of semantic information is guided and constrained by manually specified information, which is much more reliable. And for restricted domains, the construction of logical representations is learned from data.
It is at the intersection of manual specification and machine learning that some of the current larger questions of computational semantics are located. For instance, should we build general-purpose semantic representations, or is lexical knowledge simply too domain-specific, and would we be better off learning task-specific representations every time? When performing inference, is it more beneficial to have the solid ground of a human-generated ontology, or is it better to reason directly with text snippets for more fine-grained and gradual inference? Do we obtain a better and deeper semantic analysis as we use better and deeper manually specified linguistic knowledge, or is the future in powerful learning paradigms that learn to carry out an entire task from natural language input and output alone, without pre-specified linguistic knowledge?
Computer-Based Tools for Word and Paradigm Computational Morphology
Raphael Finkel
The Word and Paradigm approach to morphology associates lexemes with tables of surface forms for different morphosyntactic property sets. Researchers express their realizational theories, which show how to derive these surface forms, using formalisms such as Network Morphology and Paradigm Function Morphology. The tables of surface forms also lend themselves to a study of the implicative theories, which infer the realizations in some cells of the inflectional system from the realizations of other cells.
There is an art to building realizational theories. First, the theories should be correct, that is, they should generate the right surface forms. Second, they should be elegant, which is much harder to capture, but includes the desiderata of simplicity and expressiveness. Without software to test a realizational theory, it is easy to sacrifice correctness for elegance. Therefore, software that takes a realizational theory and generates surface forms is an essential part of any theorist's toolbox.
Discovering implicative rules that connect the cells in an inflectional system is often quite difficult. Some rules are immediately apparent, but others can be subtle. Software that automatically analyzes an entire table of surface forms for many lexemes can help automate the discovery process.
Researchers can use Web-based computerized tools to test their realizational theories and to discover implicative rules.
Game Theory in Pragmatics: Evolution, Rationality, and Reasoning
Michael Franke
Game theory provides formal means of representing and explaining action choices in social decision situations where the choices of one participant depend on the choices of another. Game theoretic pragmatics approaches language production and interpretation as a game in this sense. Patterns in language use are explained as optimal, rational, or at least nearly optimal or rational solutions to a communication problem. Three intimately related perspectives on game theoretic pragmatics are sketched here: (i) the evolutionary perspective explains language use as the outcome of some optimization process, (ii) the rationalistic perspective pictures language use as a form of rational decision-making, and (iii) the probabilistic reasoning perspective considers specifically speakers' and listeners' beliefs about each other. There are clear commonalities behind these three perspectives, and they may in practice blend into each other.
At the heart of game theoretic pragmatics lies the idea that speaker and listener behavior, when it comes to using a language with a given semantic meaning, are attuned to each other. By focusing on the evolutionary or rationalistic perspective, we can then give a functional account of general patterns in our pragmatic language use. The probabilistic reasoning perspective invites modeling actual speaker and listener behavior, for example, as it shows in quantitative aspects of experimental data.
Generative Grammar
Knut Tarald Taraldsen
This article presents different types of generative grammar that can be used as models of natural languages focusing on a small subset of all the systems that have been devised. The central idea behind generative grammar may be rendered in the words of Richard Montague: "I reject the contention that an important theoretical difference exists between formal and natural languages" ("Universal Grammar," Theoria, 36 [1970], 373–398).
Learnability and Learning Algorithms in Phonology
Anne-Michelle Tessier
Phonological learnability deals with the formal properties of phonological languages and grammars, which are combined with algorithms that attempt to learn the language-specific aspects of those grammars. The classical learning task can be outlined as follows: Beginning at a predetermined initial state, the learner is exposed to positive evidence of legal strings and structures from the target language, and its goal is to reach a predetermined end state, where the grammar will produce or accept all and only the target language's strings and structures. In addition, a phonological learner must also acquire a set of language-specific representations for morphemes, words and so on—and in many cases, the grammar and the representations must be acquired at the same time.
Phonological learnability research seeks to determine how the architecture of the grammar, and the workings of an associated learning algorithm, influence success in completing this learning task, i.e., in reaching the end-state grammar. One basic question is about convergence: Is the learning algorithm guaranteed to converge on an end-state grammar, or will it never stabilize? Is there a class of initial states, or a kind of learning data (evidence), which can prevent a learner from converging? Next is the question of success: Assuming the algorithm will reach an end state, will it match the target? In particular, will the learner ever acquire a grammar that deems grammatical a superset of the target language's legal outputs? How can the learner avoid such superset end-state traps? Are learning biases advantageous or even crucial to success?
In assessing phonological learnability, the analysist also has many differences between potential learning algorithms to consider. At the core of any algorithm is its update rule, meaning its method(s) of changing the current grammar on the basis of evidence. Other key aspects of an algorithm include how it is triggered to learn, how it processes and/or stores the errors that it makes, and how it responds to noise or variability in the learning data. Ultimately, the choice of algorithm is also tied to the type of phonological grammar being learned, i.e., whether the generalizations being learned are couched within rules, features, parameters, constraints, rankings, and/or weightings.
Models of Human Sentence Comprehension in Computational Psycholinguistics
John Hale
Computational models of human sentence comprehension help researchers reason about how grammar might actually be used in the understanding process. Taking a cognitivist approach, this article relates computational psycholinguistics to neighboring fields (such as linguistics), surveys important precedents, and catalogs open problems.
Morphology and Phonotactics
Maria Gouskova
Phonotactics is the study of restrictions on possible sound sequences in a language. In any language, some phonotactic constraints can be stated without reference to morphology, but many of the more nuanced phonotactic generalizations do make use of morphosyntactic and lexical information. At the most basic level, many languages mark edges of words in some phonological way. Different phonotactic constraints hold of sounds that belong to the same morpheme as opposed to sounds that are separated by a morpheme boundary. Different phonotactic constraints may apply to morphemes of different types (such as roots versus affixes). There are also correlations between phonotactic shapes and following certain morphosyntactic and phonological rules, which may correlate to syntactic category, declension class, or etymological origins.
Approaches to the interaction between phonotactics and morphology address two questions: (1) how to account for rules that are sensitive to morpheme boundaries and structure and (2) determining the status of phonotactic constraints associated with only some morphemes. Theories differ as to how much morphological information phonology is allowed to access. In some theories of phonology, any reference to the specific identities or subclasses of morphemes would exclude a rule from the domain of phonology proper. These rules are either part of the morphology or are not given the status of a rule at all. Other theories allow the phonological grammar to refer to detailed morphological and lexical information. Depending on the theory, phonotactic differences between morphemes may receive direct explanations or be seen as the residue of historical change and not something that constitutes grammatical knowledge in the speaker's mind.
Textual Inference
Annie Zaenen
Hearers and readers make inferences on the basis of what they hear or read. These inferences are partly determined by the linguistic form that the writer or speaker chooses to give to her utterance. The inferences can be about the state of the world that the speaker or writer wants the hearer or reader to conclude are pertinent, or they can be about the attitude of the speaker or writer vis-à-vis this state of affairs. The attention here goes to the inferences of the first type. Research in semantics and pragmatics has isolated a number of linguistic phenomena that make specific contributions to the process of inference. Broadly, entailments of asserted material, presuppositions (e.g., factive constructions), and invited inferences (especially scalar implicatures) can be distinguished.
While we make these inferences all the time, they have been studied piecemeal only in theoretical linguistics. When attempts are made to build natural language understanding systems, the need for a more systematic and wholesale approach to the problem is felt. Some of the approaches developed in Natural Language Processing are based on linguistic insights, whereas others use methods that do not require (full) semantic analysis.
In this article, I give an overview of the main linguistic issues and of a variety of computational approaches, especially those stimulated by the RTE challenges first proposed in 2004.
Type Theory for Natural Language Semantics
Stergios Chatzikyriakidis and Robin Cooper
Type theory is a regime for classifying objects (including events) into categories called types. It was originally designed in order to overcome problems relating to the foundations of mathematics relating to Russell's paradox. It has made an immense contribution to the study of logic and computer science and has also played a central role in formal semantics for natural languages since the initial work of Richard Montague building on the typed λ-calculus. More recently, type theories following in the tradition created by Per Martin-Löf have presented an important alternative to Montague's type theory for semantic analysis. These more modern type theories yield a rich collection of types which take on a role of representing semantic content rather than simply structuring the universe in order to avoid paradoxes.