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This morning as we prepare for the Lord's table, I want to finish a message I began two months ago. Now I know you won't remember it and that's okay. Preaching is not just passing out information that you are to remember, it's a spiritual event which in and of its own self impacts you with conviction and comfort and clarity and encouragement and instruction and at the moment moves you up the path of maturity and helps you to love the Lord more. And I hope we have another event like that today. But nonetheless, two months ago I did talk about dealing with sin in the heart and I told you I'd finish it up next time we met for the Lord's table, and this is it, at least one I'm here. And I want to go back to dealing with sin in the heart.
Participating in the Lord's table calls on us to confront our sin. It is a remembrance of the death of Christ, we've sung of that as we just so beautifully heard. If it hadn't been for a hill called Mount Calvary, we'd all still be lost and we look back with great joy and gratitude to the cross. But that's not all this is. This is not just about remembering the cross, this is about contemplating our own sinfulness. This is about coming to the recognition that we are still sinners. And when we come to the Lord's table, we are called upon to face that.
In 1 Corinthians chapter 11 we read, verse 27, "Whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner shall be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord, but let a man examine himself and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup." You don't want to come to this table in an unworthy way. You want to come in a worthy way which calls for self-examination, that is calls for an examination of your own heart to see if in fact you are Christ's and in fact you have come before Him with a heart of penitence and contrition and a cry for purification as we heard so beautifully sung. If you don't do that, verse 29 says, you eat and drink judgment to yourself. Some in the congregation at Corinth were sick and some were dead as a result of coming with a trivial or shallow attitude to the Lord's table. So we come with seriousness looking at our sin and realizing that Jesus died for sin and yet, as I said in my prayer this morning, even though we realize that and are grateful for that, sin is still a reality and we contend as much or more than we obey the principles that we know are true.
Second Corinthians 7:1 says that we are to cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh, perfecting holiness in the fear of God. We are called to purity and this is a very important point in the life of the church when we face the need for that. And it's a lifelong battle, isn't it? Hebrews 12:1 speaks of the sin that so easily entangles us. Sin is in our nature, it's in our disposition, it's in our humanness. It's not just in our physical body, it's in our minds, it's in our affections, it's in our feelings, it's in our emotions, it's in our will.
This last week I was having breakfast early one morning with Dr. Joe Francis, he's on the science faculty of Master's College. He's a formidable scientist, to put it mildly, with an expertise in immunology. And among the things he was telling me which were so fascinating to me, this one stuck, he said, "There is more bacteria currently alive inside of you than all the people who have ever lived on the earth since creation." That is a frightening thought. And immediately my mind says, "Well what are they doing in there?" And he went on to tell me that a certain percentage of them are deadly. He said it is a mercy from God that you have an immune system. The immune system is what God gave you to encounter the Fall. There may have been bacteria before the Fall but they were all there for a good function. The Fall catapulted some of those bacteria into a deadly category and God gave you an immune system by mercy so that you could survive, and that is an indication that God is by nature a Savior because if we didn't have an immune system, we would die...and you know that too because you know that diseases that destroy the immune system eventually kill.
And I thought how parallel to that is our soul condition? We have sin bacteria in us that would kill us if it were not for the mercy of God. And as long as we are in this world, as long as we are this side of heaven, this side of our final transformation and glorification, we are battling against the corruption that is in us. Bacteria, those bacteria that corrupt and kill will do their work and all of us will die. It's inevitable unless we go up in the Rapture. Sin is fatal to all our bodies because of its corrupting influences. Sin is also pervasive in our souls but by the mercy of God and the grace of Jesus Christ, it is not fatal. It will not kill us. It will not catapult us into spiritual death or eternal death because we have been delivered from its penalty. But it's there. All that sinful corruption is in us. It is so pervasive and so subtle that we must be suspicious of our righteous behavior. And the only way to deal effectively with the sin that is in us is to oppose it on the inside, to deal with it on the inside. When bacteria have done destructive damage on the inside and when cells have gone awry, such as in cancer, you can't treat it on the outside, you have to treat it on the inside. Same is true spiritually. Sin has to be defeated on the inside. And that's what we're talking about when we talk about dealing with sin in the heart.
In James chapter 1 we basically have the pathology of this corruption, the pathology of this corruption is given in verses 14 through 16 of James 1, "Each one is tempted when he is carried away and enticed by his own lust." The problem is not outside of us, it's inside of us. It's not the devil who made you do it, it's not the world that is really the problem, although the devil through the system of the world produces the things that tempt, it is what's in you. We are tempted, says James, when we are carried away and enticed by our own lust. The problem is us. And when lust has conceived, it gives birth to sin. And when sin is accomplished, it brings forth death. There...there is that sort of spiritual bacteria that kills. And in verse 16 he says, "Do not be deceived." Don't think it's any other way, that's how it is, you are the problem. The problem is in you and if you're going to deal with sin you have to deal with it on the inside, not on the outside. If you don't deal with it on the inside, you'll never stop it on the outside.
I've said this so many times through the years, whenever sin runs loose on the outside, it's because it's long incubated on the inside. Sin is conceived, nurtured, incubated on the inside. All sin is incubated in the heart. And so it has to be dealt with there. Sinful behavior is due to heart shaping sinful thinking. First of all, you desecrate the holy place, you desecrate the temple of the Holy Spirit, and then you desecrate the courtyard. That's why Proverbs 4:23 says, "Watch over your heart with all diligence, for from it flow the springs of life." Your life is defined by what's going on in your heart. "As a man thinks in his heart, so he is." "It's not what goes into the man that defiles him," Jesus said, "it's what comes out of him." Sin is a matter of the heart and requires an active, aggressive immunology, some kind of system to kill its deadly effects before they break out in total destruction. So when we talk about sin, we have to get to the heart of the issue. We can't just talk about what shows up on the outside. And so I want to help you to understand something of the pathology of sin and how this particular corrupting influence works in us.
A number of years ago I wrote a book called The Vanishing Conscience and there's a chapter in there that...a couple of chapters, but one in particular that deals with some of this. And I want to go back to some of those things and remind you of them. Let me tell you how sin works inside. Let me tell you how it works in the heart, how it conceives and brings forth an action and ultimately destruction.
There are three ways in which the mind engages in sin...three ways. They are basically past, future and present. Sin works in the past, it works toward the future and it works in the present. That's another element of its pervasive character. So let's say, first of all, the mind engages in sin by remembering...by remembering. One way to sin in the present is to cherish the memory of sin in the past. I tell young people very often, how you live your life in your youth may dictate the character of temptation that you're going to have in the future because if you fill your young life with sin, you will not forget it and it will wind up being recycled. All your bad relationships, all your bad attitudes, all your evil deeds, all the hypocrisies, all the lies, all the times you cheated on the tests, all of that will assault your conscience not only at the time, but it will come back again. It will be reprocessed. To bring back a memory of a past sin is to induce a sin all over again.
And somebody will ask the question, "Can someone who is truly repentant about a sin still harvest pleasure from that sin, just from the memory of that sin?" The answer is yes, because of the deceitfulness of your own heart and the sinful tendencies of your flesh and your memory. Memory is a good thing, it's a gift from God. And before the Fall it was put in there so that you could sustain a relationship. How could you sustain a relationship with anybody if you couldn't remember anything? That's what happens with Alzheimer's. You can't have a relationship with anybody because you can't remember anything and so there's no way to build a relationship. You don't know who they are and you have no history. But sin works on the memory too. You're glad for your memory because that's why you have relationships. And it's wonderful to reprocess the blessings and benedictions and joys of life. You can think about the good things of life, of how you're loved and how you love and wonderful experiences and reprocess those and enjoy them. In fact, sometimes you will find the memory of events that were good is even sweeter than the event when it happened. You can find in your memory the ability to even embellish a vacation and make it better than it was because you can't remember how much it cost. You can embellish the face of a child you haven't seen or a loved one you haven't seen and make them even more wonderful and beautiful than they are. So memory rolls through the good things and that was God's intention so that we could enjoy the richness of life and savor those kinds of things. But at the same time, memory has a downside since the Fall and that is we have a hard time forgetting our sins. And so what happens is, our lustful hearts, a corruption that is in us, recycles those sins and we savor the pleasure of those sins all over again.
I've talked to many people through the years who have been virtually debilitated by that. People who have been converted out of homosexuality who are no longer engaged in that but are literally hammered by the memory of those vivid experiences. People who have been married in Christ and they have a marriage in Christ but they remember the life before Christ and all of the promiscuity and all of the immorality and it is coming back all the time, filtering back through their minds endeavoring to have its corrupting influence. Sin has a way of reprocessing itself. It's sometimes a sound, or sometimes a smell, or sometimes a photograph, or sometimes a common place or a sight that provokes a memory in the mind and temptations come running back. It can be thoughts of anger, it can be thoughts of vengeance. It can be old hatreds that long ago should have been forgotten. All kinds of tempting memories lodge in the mind and produce new sins every time we cycle back and find pleasure in remembering the sin.
In Ezekiel 23 and verse 19, the Lord condemned Israel and He condemned Israel for recycling old sins. And He did it with an interesting analogy. He compared Israel to a harlot, and this was His charge against her, "She multiplied her harlotries." How did she multiply her harlotries? "By remembering the days of her youth." She not only sinned in the present but she recycled all the sin in the past. And He said, "You know, that's what Israel has done. Israel is not only playing the harlot now, Israel is not only being unfaithful to Me, the true and living God, with other gods, Israel is not only now engaged in unfaithfulness, disloyalty and immorality, but they are even enjoying remembering the pleasures of sin in Egypt. This practice can be devastating. And if you do this, it hardens your conscience. If when these old memories come back they aren't immediately expelled and rejected because the conscience is so tender, if you can savor those things and dwell on those things, you are putting scar tissue over your conscience which is dulling its effectiveness, searing the conscience, the Bible calls it. Your own corrupt nature will take the garbage out of your past and try to drag it back through your minds so that you relive it again. That's why you better be careful about your life. You better be careful about your experiences. You better be careful about what you see, what you watch, what you read. You look at something you shouldn't look at, and it isn't just in that moment that you're tempted, that vision, that viewpoint can be recycled right back through again like time and time...put a lurid image in your mind time and time again it processes its way back.
Secondly, not only is the staging for temptation in remembering, but it's in scheming. Scheming...this looks at the future, not the past. And the Bible has a lot to say about people who plan sin. In Psalm 36 it says, "Transgression speaks to the ungodly within his heart." Boy, that is true. Transgression speaks to the ungodly in his heart, Psalm 36:1. And then in that same section, verses 1 to 4 it says, "He plans wickedness on his bed." In the quietness of the night when he's undisturbed by activity and he's lying on his bed, the evil that is in him begins to map out future iniquity. He sets himself, says the psalmist, on a path that is not good because he doesn't hate evil. In Psalm 64 it says of the wicked people, "They devise injustices saying we are ready with a well-conceived plot for the inward thought and the heart of a man are deep." What is going on in those quiet moments? What is going on in the silence of the bed? What is going on when you're still and activity has come to its halt is very often among the evil, the devising of future schemes of iniquity. Proverbs 12:2 says, "A good man will obtain favor from the Lord, but He will condemn a man who devises evil." Proverbs 12:20 says, "Deceit is in the heart of those who devise evil," who plan it. Proverbs 14:22 says again, "Those who go astray devise evil." Proverbs 15:26, "Evil plans are an abomination to the Lord." Proverbs 6 says, "The Lord hates a heart that devises wicked plans." The devising with any kind of folly, any kind of iniquity is an abomination to God. Some people do a lot of this, scheming, planning for evil that they will do. If I ever see that person I'm going to..... and you get the speech in your mind and plan your evil. Thoughts of anger, hatred, lust, greed, envy, covetousness, discontent, selfishness, pride, every other evil thing...don't reach back for the sins of the past, don't reach forward and plan sins.
Well there's a third way, let's just call that sins of imagining. We're talking about the heart. The heart's sins by looking into the past, it sins by looking in the future and it sins by imagining in the present. This is what Jesus was talking about when He said, "If a man looks on a woman to commit adultery, he's as guilty of adultery as if he did it," Matthew 5. You may have no intention of performing the deed, but if you imagine it, you have guilt. The heart begins to imagine sins before it acts them out. And every one of these imagined sins, and every one of these schemes, and every one of these remembrances offend a healthy conscience. You don't want to do that. You don't want to feed on anything that leads you toward sin, whether it's the past, present or the future, because if it works up into your heart, it's a sin before God. It's destructive, debilitating, potentially deadly and it may well manifest itself. And the Bible says, "Be sure your sins will find you out."
The world understands this, by the way. They really do understand this. They understand how to make people sin. The world is adept at generating covetousness, right? Very good at generating lust, very good at corrupting morals, very good at destroying the family, very good at raising people's anger, hostility, they know how to excite the heart in this system because that's how they live, that's how the world lives.
Just one little illustration of that that's an interesting one. It is a fact that people are more angry between four and six on the freeway than any other part of the day. They commute, by the time they get to four or five or six or seven when they're on their way home, they've worked a hard day, they have had certain disappointments and certain conflicts and whatever and they're really mad. And then they're on the freeway having to deal with everybody just below the line of road rage, and they're angry. So the world knows that the people you want to put on the air on talk radio are the kind of people who are angry already. So you get the angry, most confrontive, combative, hostile, loud-mouthed, rancorous trouble makers and you put them on between four and six and they take the anger already there in the people who are listening to that stuff and they elevate it and make them furious and therefore these people can achieve their agenda. The world system works in every way conceivable to do that. Anything the system can do to elevate sin in the heart. Even the health, wealth and prosperity preachers work real hard to produce covetousness in people. In case you wonder, they're a part of the church or the system, they're part of the system not the church. So that's how the heart sins.
Now you need to know those things because that's how the sin is staged. That's how temptation is staged. That brings to the table the question, what do I do about it? What am I going to do about it? How do I deal with this? And that's really what I want to talk about. I'm not going to say anything that's particularly new. I just want to rehearse again what we know to be true. We've got to deal with sin in the heart. How do we do that?
Well first of all, you can't do it through legalism. You can't do it through making rules on the outside about how people conduct themselves. If you don't get to the heart, legalism isn't going to accomplish anything. Legalism is like trying to capture people in a plastic bag, it just isn't strong enough to hold and they'll break out. Legalism will not do it. Just making rules and forcing people to conform to rules won't go. Monasticism won't do it either. Taking a vow of poverty and going off to live in a cave, if you're the only one there you just took the problem. It's you. Pietism won't do it. Trying to go through some extreme form of self-denial and spiritual flagellation and deprivation in an effort to externally discipline yourself and cut yourself off from those things that corrupt won't do it, neither will quietism, sitting back flopping somewhere saying I'm going to let go and let God. Pharisaism won't do it. Confessional booths won't do it. Rosary beads won't do it. Hail Mary's won't do it. There isn't any other external means that will do it because the instrument of killing sin on the inside, the instruments of doing that are only two...they are the Word of God and the Spirit of God. And unless that's where the concentration is, unless the focus is on the truth of God and the Spirit of God in the heart, all the stuff that deals with the outside, all the religious rituals and motions and emotions and all of the efforts that self-denial and deprivation and all the rules are meaningless. You've got to work on the problem in the heart.
So let me just suggest a few things. One, and these are what come out of Scripture, abstain from fleshly lust. I think this is so interesting. First Peter 2:11, "Beloved, I urge you as aliens and strangers to abstain from fleshly lusts which war against the soul." Isn't that interesting? Peter doesn't say, "Go get therapy." Peter doesn't say, "This is really a long process and somehow we've got to put you through this process and it's a very difficult one." He doesn't say, "You know, you're a victim, there's nothing you can do about it. You're a fallen creature living in a fallen body, so there's really not going to be any way you're going to get over this. Just live with it, deal with it." He doesn't say that, he says, "Stop it...stop doing it, abstain from fleshly lusts...the lust of the eyes, the lust of the flesh, the pride of life, stop it," he says. That assumes you have the capability, right? That assumes Romans 6, "Sin no longer has dominion over you. You once were the slaves of sin, you're now become servants of righteousness." First Corinthians 6, "Flee immorality," which assumes that you can do that. Peter just says, "Stop! It's not an addiction for which you're not responsible. It's not something overwhelming, stop! You can do it. It cannot be done for you, it cannot be done by somebody else, there's no some kind of formula here, just stop and stop now cultivating sin in your heart, stop! Just remember that you're dead to sin." Just like James, "Resist the devil and he'll flee. Stop sinning, resist the devil."
You say, "Well how do I do that?" Well here's the number two,"M"Make no provision for the flesh...make no provision for the flesh." Romans 13:14 Paul says, "Put on the Lord Jesus Christ and make no provision for the flesh in regard to its lust." If you're going to stop these evil desires, desires for evil, any kind of evil, if you're going to stop it, you can't accommodate it. You can't feed it. Stop reciting what makes you angry about a person. Stop reciting all the offenses that that person has rendered against you. Stop keeping a record of the wrong that they've done. Stop all of that. Stop exposing yourself to lurid images and pictures, stop exposing yourself to those things that appeal to the flesh. Stop exposing yourself to those things making you a proud individual. Stop. Stop feeding your own ego. Stop. Because you'll never be able to abstain from fleshly lusts if you don't stop making provision for it. If you feed the monster, the monster lives. If you starve the monster, the monster dies. So refuse to furnish your mind the things that excite your desires.
And then on a positive side, fix your heart on Christ. Fix your heart on Christ. "We all," 2 Corinthians 3:18, "with unveiled face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord the Spirit." That says it. As we gaze at the glory of the Lord, we're transformed from one level of glory to the next, to the next, to the next more and more like Christ. But you have to fix your heart on Christ. Be focused on Christ. You can't be focused on Christ and focused on sin at the same time. If you focus on Christ, 1 John 3 says, if you have that hope in you, then you purify yourself. It's a spiritual axiom that you become like what you worship. You become like what you worship. If you worship money, you literally become like it...shallow, trivial, easily bought, easily sold, relationships dictated by economics. If you lust for popularity and fame and a career and whatever without regard for what is right or what is the purpose of God, it will really define who you are. Whoever you worship you become like. As we fix our hearts on Christ, we discover our preoccupation with Christ is a process by which we are conformed to Him. So if I want to abstain from fleshly lust, then I can't accommodate those lusts. That is to say I can't focus on anything that feeds them. On the other hand, I focus everything on Christ. I become completely preoccupied with Him. There's no one like Him. You know, it would be a good thing for you when you're driving, instead of sitting in your car and getting angry, put in the Bible on tape or the Bible on CD and listen to the gospels and rehearse the story of Jesus Christ. Let Him occupy your thoughts.
The next thing, meditate on the Word of God. Meditate on the Word of God. "Thy Word I have treasured in my heart," said David,"that I might not sin against you," Psalm 119. "We are to meditate on it day and night," Psalm 1. "Meditate on it day and night, do what's written in it," Joshua 1:8. "It is a lamp unto our feet, a light to our path," it confronts sin, it attacks sin. Fill your mind and heart with the Word of God. Jesus said, "Sanctify them in Thy truth, Thy Word is truth." Fill your heart with it, load your mind with it, ponder it carefully. "Whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there's any excellence or anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things," Philippians 4:8. "Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly," Colossians 3:16. I mean, you can stop if you don't accommodate the lust by feeding it and if you focus on Christ and focus on the Word.
Another practical point, pray without ceasing. Prayer is a preemptive strike. Luke 22:40, Jesus said, "Pray that you may not enter into temptation." Do you ever pray like that? Lord, please lead us not into temptation. It doesn't mean that He's going to willfully lead you into a tempting situation, all you're really praying is, "Lord, please order the steps of my life so that I am not led into such a place." In Matthew 26:41 Jesus said, "Keep watching and praying so that you may not enter into temptation." Constant prayer. Psalm 19, "Who can discern his errors?" And then the psalmist prays, "Keep back Thy servant from presumptuous sins. Let them not rule over me." Lord, please protect me from sin...that should be at the very heart and soul of your prayer life.
And then another very practical, an obvious thing, exercise self-control. Self-control is the fruit of the Spirit, Galatians 5,"Love, joy, peace, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, self-control." Self-control is essential. We...says Paul...need to beat the body into submission, making it our slave rather than our master. This is discipline. This is the desire for self-control. And I have said this through the years, and I think it's true, you have to exercise self-control in general in your life to have it really work in the spiritual realm because basically everything in life is a spiritual issue. And if you're having problems with self-control in some areas of your life, you're going to have a very difficult time having self-control in the spiritual dimension of your life. He's not talking about punishing your body. He's not talking about flagellation or bodily neglect, not advocating anything that would weaken or injure the body. It was Martin Luther, you remember, who almost destroyed his body with excessive fasting as a young monk when he discovered in the Bible the just shall live by faith, not by fasting. But you need a watchful self-discipline that refuses to pander to every appetite of the body. Your body doesn't need to be given everything it desires.
All of this sums up in one thing, be filled with the Spirit. Be filled with the Spirit. You're going to be under the control of something, and you know in Ephesians 5 he says, "Do not be drunk with wine, that's dissipation, but be filled with the Spirit." When you're drunk with wine, you're controlled, dominated by it. You no longer are in control. You've lost the control. That's what drunkenness is, you...you do what the wine induces you to do and that's...in the ancient days they believed that that's how you ascended to the deities. You had an orgy and you got completely drunk and they thought that was a transcendental experience, like Timothy Leary, you know, in the smoking of marijuana and getting into drugs is a way to elevate yourself to the next level of consciousness. That's what the pagans believed. And he says, "Look, if you want to ascend to communion with God, don't get drunk, get filled with the Spirit. Don't be filled with alcohol, be filled with the Holy Spirit. That is to say to be utterly yielded to the Spirit's control because according to Romans 8:13 we kill sin by the Spirit, that's the point of Romans 8:12 and 13, we kill sin by the Spirit.
And what are we saying here? We're saying...Look, the Bible doesn't make this some kind of therapy. It doesn't make this some kind of long, drawn-out process, doesn't treat you as some kind of a victim. It simply says stop doing it and stop it by stopping the accommodation that panders to your sin, fix your eyes on Jesus Christ, focus on the Word of God, pray without ceasing, exercise self-discipline, and be filled with the Spirit. This is what Paul was talking about in Philippians 2 when he said, "Work out your salvation. God worked it in, you work it out and when it's done, it is really God who is at work in us to will and to work for His own good pleasure."
There are other things that could be added to that list, like clothing yourself with humility, like putting away spiteful feelings toward others, loving the brethren, putting on the armor of God, laying aside sinful attitudes, etc., etc. But the sum of it all is live and walk in the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh, Galatians 5:16. And it's up to you in the strength of the Spirit and the power of God, you're not a victim, you're not under the Law, you are not under the mastery and dominance of sin, you do not have to do what is evil, you can live a holy life. Deal with sin in the heart.
Just some reminders and I'll close. Sin is not killed when it's just covered up. In fact, if you're good at covering up your sin, you are feeding a monster. It's not good just because people don't know it's there. It's not good just because it's inside. It's not been killed just because you don't do it. If you're feeding it on the inside, it is strong and getting stronger. Proverbs 28:13, "He who conceals his transgression will not prosper."
Sin is not killed when it is only internalized. If you forsake the outward act of sin but feed it on the inside, it's only a question of time.
It is not killed when you exchange one sin for another. When you say, "Well, I'm not doing that anymore, but unfortunately I am doing this." That's not progress. A lateral move in sin is not progress. Just because you gave up drunkenness for covetousness, that's not advancing. Sin is not killed until the conscience is appeased. The goal is a good conscience. The goal is to sit in that quiet moment at peace, tranquil, resting with no accusations rising up in your heart to torment you. As long as your conscience is defiled, the battle rages. You want to pursue what Paul said in 2 Corinthians 1:12 when he said that he had a clear conscience. That he had conducted his life in holiness and godliness because his conscience was clear. You win the battle on the inside and you will enjoy a clear conscience...you will enjoy the peace, the quietness, the rest, the rejoicing, the deep gladness of a quiet conscience. And when you come up to minister, to speak of Christ, or to serve Christ, you will not be assaulted as a hypocrite by your own conscience for the sin that flourishes inside. You've got to get beyond just pushing it down, that just strengthens it. That incubates it longer so that when it finally breaks loose it's more formidable than ever.
This is the battle. This is the way we have to live our lives. And the Lord's table is a point at which we look at it again and ask, "How am I doing in this spiritual struggle?"
Father, we thank You now for this time. We have heard again the simple truths that relate to this matter of dealing with sin in the heart. Please, O God, grace us by the Spirit and the truth to stop sin in the heart, to not accommodate it, not feed it, not provide the experiences and attitudes and images that make it strong. May we, on the other hand, fix our hearts on Christ, meditate on the Word of God, pray without ceasing, exercise self-control and be filled with the Spirit. Walking in the Spirit we will not fulfill the lust of the flesh. May we enjoy, not repress sin, not hidden sin, not secret sin, but may we enjoy a clear conscience not accusing us, but excusing us, filling us with joy, peace, contentment. We ask that You would purify us indeed and cleanse us now as we come to this table in Your Son's name. Amen.
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The Carbon/Manufactured Graphite Section develops technical standards and guidelines for its products.
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Aluminum Jet Boats: Advantages and Design
If you're looking for information on aluminum jet boats, help can be daunting to find online considering the amount of information that's out there. This short article featuring a specific type of aluminum jet boats is intended to be a quick guide to some of the many reasons why welded aluminum jet boats are a top choice.
Although not meant as an exhaustive guide, you should hopefully be able to gain insight on some of the main points that make welded aluminum jet boats such great purchases compared to the other types of jet boats on the market.
The first section is meant to introduce aluminum itself - informing you on all the benefits this building material has to offer in terms of cost, design, and durability. The second section is all about jet boat design.
Aluminum - Why Use It?
In order to understand why aluminum has been chosen in boat design, you need to understand a bit about why and how it's used.
Aluminum is well known as a great building material the world over and is also very widely used. It finds its way into all kinds of vehicles such as automobiles, planes, and boats. It is also widely implemented as a building material, in electronics, electrical transmission lines, and much more.
In fact, welded aluminum is the most used metal on the globe after iron. The simple fact that it can be alloyed with so many different materials, also means it is extremely versatile and can be adapted to suit particular uses. Its many other beneficial properties clearly help explain why this metal in particular is so useful to boat builders - especially in order to increase speed and maneuverability, as well as reduce costs.
Aluminum in Boat Design
When talking about boats, especially aluminum jet boats, the materials used are extremely important both for the manufacturer as well as the consumer. Welded aluminum ticks a lot of boxes when it comes to cost, efficiency, and durability.
Aluminum is easily worked: This means welded aluminum building and repair work is quick and painless. Welding and shaping, for example, are far easier than when using steel, making whatever unique design much easier to implement.
Aluminum is light weight and durable: When you're talking about making improvements on your speed and fuel consumption, aluminum helps in both those regards due to its light weight. Even though aluminum is lightweight, however, it is still also extremely durable as a building material - being extremely well-suited to use in water.
Durability: Due to aluminum's special properties it will never corrode or decay and simply requires the regular treatments if it stays stagnant in water to avoid unwanted debris building up.
Cost Effective: Unlike other materials like steel that become basically worthless when discarded, scrap aluminum is worth almost all its weight and is very easily recycled. Aluminum is also a widely available metal, making it a perfect building material that is easily acquired and repaired.
Why Choose an Aluninum Jet boat
A jet boat has a lot of great advantages over other models, but in order to really appreciate them you must first understand a bit more about how they work. In very basic terms, jet boats eject water in order to propel, rather than by using an external propeller.
Jet boats are extremely maneuverable and very speedy. Jet boats are therefore the boat of choice for those seeking higher speeds and dynamic movement. Not only can they stop or reverse at a moment's notice, they also perform tighter turns and reach high speeds in less time, making jet boats an attractive choice.
Jet boats are useful for those in law enforcement due to their speed and ability to maneuver more easily. They are also the one of the boats of choice for adventure and thrill seekers who look for that extra edge over more conventional models.
Jet boats also have a number of other benefits due to their lack of external propulsion apparatus. To start with, they are uniquely suited to shallow water that would otherwise be off limits to propeller boats. The lack of spinning blades means they are also far safer. This is true not just for swimmers but also for marine life.
Although you may have heard a major drawback is fuel efficiency this can be reduced by the design. Not only does aluminum reduce weight, and therefore cost, much of the inefficiency related to jet boats are due to bad design - when the jet-propulsion is not suited to the engine type.
Welded aluminum jet boats are quickly being recognized as one of the best ways to get from A to Z on water. Whether you're looking for speed, maneuverability, durability or simply a great design these welded aluminum jet boats have got it all.
If you're looking into your own design or simply want to see what's out there, don't wait - do a bit of research and call to inquire how aluminum could be used for your very own boat!
© 2014 Rogue Jet Boatworks ★ firstname.lastname@example.com ★ Aluminum Boats
2845 Merry Ln, White City, OR 97503 ★ Phone: (541) 944-2155 ★ Fax: (541) 826-5400


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Throughout the 2012 season, the Yale field hockey team is raising awareness and funds for the battle against myotonic dystrophy, a form of muscular dystrophy. Sophomore goalkeeper Ona McConnell has been diagnosed with this disease. Yale's campaign is known as "Get a Grip". In 2010 the Bulldogs raised more than $50,000 for the Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation, and last year they raised more than $40,000.
The 2012 campaign kicks off with the annual "Get a Grip" game at Johnson Field, Sunday Sept. 2 vs. Quinnipiac at 1 p.m.
About Yale Field Hockey's "Get a Grip" Campaign
The goals of the Yale field hockey team's "Get a Grip" campaign for the 2012 season are:
- Raise awareness
- Fundraise for research
- Support Ona and others with this rare disease
Yale will take donations for the Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation at the annual "Get a Grip" game (Sunday, Sept. 2 at 1 p.m. vs. Quinnipiac), and all who donate will receive a Myotonic Dystrophy wristband. "Get a Grip" T-shirts will be on sale as part of the fundraiser. The Bulldogs will wear specially designed jerseys during the game.
Throughout the season, the team will accept pledges for a "Goal-a-thon" in which donations are based on the number of goals Yale scores.
About Myotonic Dystrophy (or DM, for dystrophia myotonica)
Myotonic dystrophy, the most common of the nine forms of muscular dystrophy, is a rare genetic disorder that can cause problems with many systems in the body. This inherited disorder can appear at any age and can manifest itself differently in each individual. The various forms of myotonic dystrophy are caused by changes at different sites in the DNA of an individual (i.e. different gene mutations). The first type, often referred to as DM1, affects an estimated 1 in 8,000 people worldwide, or nearly 40,000 individuals in the US alone. Since the gene mutation that causes the second type, DM2, was located just a few years ago, its prevalence is still unknown. Other possible types, caused by different mutations, are currently being investigated.
Muscle issues are often, although not always, one of the first complaints of adult patients, characterized by the following:
- muscle weakness, most commonly seen in the arms, face, neck and often legs
- progressive muscle wasting (atrophy)
- stiffness and difficulty relaxing a muscle (myotonia)
However, classifying myotonic dystrophy simply as a muscle disorder is misleading because of the range of systems that can be affected.
The severity of symptoms seen and the range of systems affected can vary greatly between patients, even in the same family. In addition to muscle problems, issues with respiratory function, heart abnormalities, cataracts and the gastrointestinal tract are often seen. However, an affected person does not typically exhibit all, or even most, of the possible symptoms. Often, the disorder is mild and only minor muscle weakness or cataracts are seen late in life. At the opposite end of the spectrum, life-threatening neuromuscular, cardiac and pulmonary complications can occur in the most severe cases when children are born with the congenital form of the disorder. Regardless of the form of DM or the severity of symptoms experienced by a patient, individuals with myotonic dystrophy can have severe and sometimes fatal reactions to anesthesia.
There is currently no cure for myotonic dystrophy.
About the Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation
The Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation (MDF), where McConnell serves on the board of directors, exists to enhance the quality of life of people living with myotonic dystrophy (DM), and to maximize research efforts focused on finding treatments and a cure for this disease, through community support, education, advocacy and research. The MDF Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee are comprised of leading experts in the field of myotonic dystrophy and muscle research.
Further Information:


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SINGAPORE (Reuters) - U.S. technology companies including Cisco Systems Inc and IBM Corp are facing unprecedented difficulties selling their goods and services in China, as fallout from the U.S. spying scandal starts to take a toll.
Cisco said on Wednesday that its revenue would drop 10 percent this quarter, and continue to contract until the middle of 2014, in part due to a backlash in China against revelations about U.S. government surveillance programs worldwide.
"The U.S. government isn't doing any favors for Cisco," said Evercore Partners analyst Mark McKechnie, after the company's shares fell 10 percent in late trade.
In June, former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden revealed the spy agency had hacked network backbones around the world to gain access to sensitive information.
The leaks provoked a storm in the Chinese media and added urgency to Beijing's efforts to use its market power to create indigenous software and hardware capabilities, analysts and businessmen say.
"This is all about China using its own technology, and China building leading technology companies," said James McGregor, chairman for Greater China at consultancy APCO Worldwide.
In a call with analysts, Cisco Chairman John Chambers said Cisco "and our peers" were facing "challenging political dynamics" in China.
One of those peers, IBM, reported in October a 22 percent drop in China revenue, leading to a decline of 4 percent in third-quarter profit for the world's biggest technology services company.
IBM Chief Financial Officer Mark Loughridge attributed the company's problems to the "process surrounding China's development of a broad-based economic reform plan", which caused state-owned enterprises and governments to delay purchasing.
The company subsequently reassigned the head of its growth markets unit. IBM declined to comment for this story.
Beijing has long mistrusted foreign technology companies, China executives said, and the Snowden revelations have exacerbated those concerns.
Although Beijing has not prohibited state firms from purchasing Western-made technology services and equipment, the government has sent a clear message to chose Chinese-made equipment first, China-based executives say.
"While a formal document hasn't been issued, in the future we will try to buy IT equipment from domestic brands, such as Lenovo," said a person familiar with technology purchases at one of China's four big state-owned banks.
"The government's signal is pretty clear - they want to rely less on U.S. products, such as IOE (IBM, Oracle and EMC Corp," said a former China-based telecommunications executive.
Beijing is especially focused on security for government, energy, transport, and finance networks.
In August, the National Development and Reform Commission, China's top economic planning body, published a statement setting cyber-security standards for financial institutions, cloud computing and big data, information system secrecy management and industrial controls.
Four domestic software and hardware makers, including China National Software & Service Co., announced this month they have received a "top-tier" rating from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
China National Software's share price has gained nearly 250 percent since Snowden first revealed the existence of the NSA's clandestine data mining program in June.
"We hope and demand that relevant foreign companies respect China's laws," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said on Thursday, when asked about Cisco's woes.
"At the same time, as the Chinese government we of course have an obligation, a responsibility, to protect the country's security."
Cisco's problems in China have been particularly severe due to the San Jose, California-based company's longstanding rivalry with Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, which has faced stiff political opposition to selling equipment and buying companies in the U.S. telecom market.
In October 2012, Mike Rogers and Dutch Ruppersberger, the chairman and ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee, urged U.S. companies to stop doing business with Huawei, the world's second-biggest telecom equipment maker, and a second Chinese vendor, ZTE Corp, citing security concerns.
Snowden's revelations have reverberated in other big emerging markets such as Brazil, Mexico and India.
Chief Financial Officer Frank Calderoni said China was where Cisco was most affected by a political backlash, but noted that it was difficult to quantify how much of its revenue shortfall was due to politics versus macroeconomic trends.
"Between economic and political issues that are occurring in emerging markets we had a significant impact," Calderoni told Reuters in an interview.
China-based executives say that the impact of China's localization drive was expected to be uneven in the months and years ahead.
For telecommunications equipment, for example, domestic carriers will look to buy products from Huawei and ZTEover Sweden's Ericsson or Cisco, the former telecoms executive said.
Huawei, too, is making rapid progress in its server business, with shipments jumping 258 percent in the second quarter. IBM saw its market share shrink to 13 percent, from 18 percent, during the same period, according to Jefferies LLC.
Huawei now is the second-biggest server vendor in China's double-digit growing market, behind Dell Inc, which retains a market share of 23 percent but is growing at a rate beneath the market's 15.4 percent pace.
For other hi-tech products, including chips and database solutions, China will need more time before its products will be competitive.
"Everyone is feeling the heat from the NSA revelations," said a former employee at a major multinational technology firm. The important point, however, was that companies like IBM don't have competitors for their high-end equipment, the expert added. "If they don't buy from IBM they can't buy from anyone else."
(Additional reporting by Sinead Carew in New York, Michael Martina in Beijing, Jeremy Wagstaff and Lee Chyen Yee in Singapore and Beijing newsroom; Editing by Alex Richardson)


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Some of the most incredible minds on Earth lack this ability to filter irrelevant facts, or perhaps it is more accurate to say that to a savant, the irrelevant IS relevant, and incredibly so. Somehow their brains are able to store and access incredible loads of information, even perceiving and relating to this information in an entirely different way.
Stephen Wiltshire is considered an autistic savant. He has an ability which can certainly be described as a "super power". Sometimes referred to as the "human camera", Wilshire has the unnerving ability to draw exact replicas of intricate structures, buildings and landscapes—virtually anything he lays eyes on—after a quick glance. Without taking notes or drawing rough sketches, Wiltshire methodically replicates what his eyes have seen down to the exact number of windows in tall skyscrapers.
While watching a video (see link below) of Stephen drawing Rome, it almost seems as if he is a character straight from NBC's popular TV series Heroes—born with a superhuman ability. Like many other savants, Wiltshire's mind is a mystery. He did not speak his first words, "pencil" and "paper" until he was five years old. Savants like Wiltshire seem to have been born fundamentally different.
Imagine being able to learn one of the most difficult languages on Earth, Icelandic, in just 7 days. Well known Savant, Daniel Tammet, makes is look easy. His extraordinary abilities are linked to synesthesia. He "feels" numbers in terms of texture, shape and color. Some scientists believe that the epileptic seizures he suffered as a small child, which nearly ended his life, somehow unlocked the door to an incredible ability that may be inherent in all humans.
Individuals have been known to develop extraordinary abilities much later in life, or after severe brain trauma. Alonzo Clemons, for example, developed an incredible talent, which appears to have emerged directly following a head injury as a child. He can see a fleeting image (on a television screen for example) of any animal, and in less than 20 minutes sculpt a perfect replica of that animal in three-dimensional accuracy. The wax animal is correct in each and every detail, down to each fiber and muscle.
Similarly, Orlando Serrell did not possess any unusual skills until he was struck by a baseball on the left side of his head on August 17, 1979 when he was ten years old. Serrell suffered from a long headache, but after the headache ended, Orlando inexplicably had the ability to perform calendrical calculations of amazing complexity. He can also recall details of his life, like the weather, where he was, and what he was doing every day since the day that baseball hit his head.
Because of cases like these, some scientists believe that the potential to express multiple super-abilities is a universal trait, but is obscured by the normal functioning intellect. In the case of some savants, it is believed that damage to the brain has somehow disrupted normal functioning and therefore allows the brain to express these incredible skills and abilities. Various researchers have noted how many "disabled" individuals are simultaneously "superabled" through some little understood phenomenon.
Mind expert Allan Snyder of the University of Sydney and director of Centre for the Mind, is certain that all people have these latent super abilities, but only some are able to express them through "malfunctions" of overriding brain functions.
"They are exceptional in that they can tap in and somehow we can't. They have privileged access," said Snyder.
So, if all of us have latent super-abilities, is it possible to activate them permanently, or at least periodically, without compromising normal brain functioning? Probably, say the Australian scientists who used transcranial magnetic stimulation to temporarily switch off the frontal temporal lobe of volunteers. Afterwards the subjects showed an immediate improvement in calendar calculating, naming the day of the week of any recent history event, and in their artistic abilities. Of course these were just the abilities tested. Scientists do not know all of the latent abilities that humans may possess.
It has been predicted that more advanced neurological studies may someday discover how to allow "Regular" people to tap into the incredible latent powers of their own mind, and thereby unleashing some of the "superhuman" potential in all of us.
The Daily Galaxy


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Second Fridays in February 2013
February 8 Second Friday--CANCELLED
- Friday, February 8, 2013
- Museum of Art
4–6 PM Hands on! art-making for ages 4+ w/adult (while supplies last)
6–6:30 PM Open Eyes: An informal guided gallery conversation about an art object
Light Refreshments
Museum Shop open 10 AM–8 PM
Image Credit: Min, Yong Soon, American, born South Korea, born 1953. Movement(detail), 2008. Installation. Records, CD's, round mirrors of varying sizes with painted round sun variable. SC 2008:38. Purchased through the initiative of the Korean American Students of Smith (KASS) and the Korean Arts Foundation (KAF) with gifts of alumnae and other donors.


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Selous Impala Camp
Selous Impala Camp is situated on a wooded stretch of the stunning Rufiji River within the Selous Game Reserve. Simply though stylishly designed, it offers varied safaris and combines well with its sister camp in Ruaha National Park, the rather more spartan Mdonya Old River Camp.
Continue reading our full report on Impala Camp
Our view of Impala Camp
On our last safari here in July 2017, Impala Camp had a friendly atmosphere with an attentive team who tried their utmost to ensure you enjoy your stay. It's a comfortable and down-to-earth camp that doesn't charge top prices and has become a firm favourite in the Selous.
Read the Owner's description of Impala Camp
Rooms at Selous Impala Camp
Impala Camp: Traveller ratings
At Selous Impala Camp, the wide Rufiji River is everything.


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Learn Mandarin Online from Teachers and Students
A while back we did this comic that I found on the site called "F my life" which I don't think I need to translate for any of the native English speakers out there.
Views: 552
Thanks Shu and Teacher GEN! We appreciate it!
I navigated to your site as well out of curiousity! I saw some of the comics and they are awesome! Those are good material for learning Chinese and still keeping the fun! Good job, MandMx! the one with bicycling through Shanghai with a Christmas tree on board and also the chopsticks comic cracks me up! two thumbs up!
No, I am in US now :)
I got a lot of spam comments too. But the filter does the work. Thank you for finding my comment, and not let it lose in the sea of spams! Did you look my post about how to say infatuation and charming? There are a few phrases with mi 2 迷,and I tried to make it humorous a lot. Hope it can make the readers smile a bit when they read that.
Have a new week to you and happy drawing.
Thanks for the comment and thanks for telling me it was there. I get TOO many spam comments nowadays so if you didn't tell me I would have deleted it... but I found it!
So you are from Taiwan? Do you teach Chinese in Taiwan?
Hi MandMX,
I did go to your website and left a comment there:) You got a great website!
No, I don't know that magazine. I came from Taiwan and I did not have any chance to China yet :( I wish some day though.
Humor is very important, it can make learning Chinese fun :) When I teach the class, I try to make my teaching interesting. With smile and laughter, the students can learn better, and remember the class well after the class ends.
I like your humor! Keep up the awesome work!!
Thanks Shu! You used the word 幽默 in your response. There was a humor magazine in China that I used to get with that name. I felt very juvenile getting that book but then again my Chinese level is very juvenile. Do you know the name of that magazine? It had a ton of comics in it and they were all in Chinese. Almost like a Mad Magazine in China.
Thanks again!
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'Next man up' might be an overused sports cliché, but it's also the reason my Seahawks are going to beat the 49ers. Meet my defensive backfield partner Byron Maxwell, whose strong play has us on the brink of Super Bowl XLVIII
Winning in the NFL has more to do with survival than it does talent. The best teams in the league are only as good as the guys on the bottom of the depth chart who you've never heard of, who get called on when injuries and suspensions transform rosters in midseason. They're the guys who find themselves covering Michael Crabtree or Anquan Boldin in the NFC Championship Game, and sometimes they make the difference between winning and losing.
For the Seahawks, Byron Maxwell is that guy. And he's one of the many reasons I believe we'll not only survive, but also dominate on our way to the Super Bowl.
Let's rewind.
The week of our first game against San Francisco in Week 2, my now-suspended Pro Bowl teammate Brandon Browner was out with a hamstring injury. More-than-capable corners Byron Maxwell and Walter Thurmond would replace him on the right side, but I felt I needed to step up. With Crabtree out for the Niners, I requested to shadow Anquan Boldin with the intent of shutting him down. One week after catching 12 balls in a win, Boldin finished with one catch, and we won 29-3.
Ten weeks later, Maxwell—who was drafted two rounds after me in 2011 and has been my roommate ever since—was starting for the first time in place of Browner against the Saints here in Seattle. We suited up and the 12th man had our ears ringing. He came over to me, jumping up and down, and said, "Man, I'm feeling good." I said, "Let's go make a play." Early on, Brees tried to throw a wheel route to Jimmy Graham and Maxwell peeled off his receiver and broke it up. He celebrated; he turned up.
That's when I really knew we wouldn't miss a beat with Maxwell in the lineup.
You see, when you're an inexperienced cornerback playing against the best quarterbacks in the NFL, you know you're going to get picked on. And there are two ways you can go about it: You can be nervous. You'll wonder how you're going to react. Guys ask themselves: What am I going to do if the ball comes? What happens if they keep catching balls on me?
Or you can go in there and say: I understand what they want to do on first down, second down and third down. I understand their concepts, their plays and their formations. I'm going to be aggressive and put myself in a position to make plays. That's the mentality that Maxwell has. Like Earl Thomas always says, Maxwell gets "lost in the game."
That kind of hard-headed, singular thought is what separates great players from good players. Throughout each of our careers, we have our abilities questioned one way or another. Maxwell came into the NFL stiff—literally. He couldn't touch his toes while standing. So he took up hot yoga and has been dedicated to it for three years. He even finds a way to do it in road cities. Sometimes before he goes to bed on the road he'll do the poses right there in the room—Crouching Camel or whatever it's called. He's proud of it. It got him through shin, hamstring and shoulder injuries that kept him off the field while I was able to earn a role. The way he feels about yoga is the way I feel about film study, because I know I'm not the best athlete playing corner in the NFL.
Maxwell is part of the reason we'll survive this marathon season for one more week.
Everybody comes into this league with a weakness, just like each team enters the season with holes in its roster. The trick is turning those weaknesses into strengths. That's what Byron Maxwell gave us.
At this point, he's well-prepared, and he's playing as well as any corner in the NFL. He understands that when you begin to change things because the stage is bigger and the lights are brighter, you start making mistakes. So he'll approach the NFC championship the same way he approaches every game.
It's the reason I won't be asking to shadow any one player when the 49ers come here Sunday, and it's part of the reason we'll survive this marathon season for one more week.


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Zend Technologies has launched the Simple API for Cloud Application Services project, an open source initiative that lets developers use common application services in the cloud, while enabling them to unlock value-added features available from individual providers. The project aims to facilitate the development of cloud applications that can access services on all major cloud platforms. Zend, IBM, Microsoft, Nirvanix, Rackspace and GoGrid are co-founding contributors to this community project.
The Simple Cloud API project empowers developers to use one interface to interact with a variety of cloud application services, enabling them to more easily access new technologies from cloud vendors. The first deliverables will include interfaces for file storage, document database, and simple queue services from platforms like Amazon Web Services, Windows Azure, Nirvanix Storage Delivery Network and Rackspace Cloud Files. As a result, developers can deploy software applications to access services in these environments without making time consuming and expensive changes to their source code.
"Cloud computing offers irresistible value to enterprises of all sizes, but the lack of portability across cloud application services for even the most basic operations has been an impediment to broader adoption of cloud services," said Andi Gutmans, CEO at Zend Technologies.
"The Simple Cloud API combines the benefits of open source community processes with the active participation of the cloud vendors themselves," continued Gutmans. "With early participation and support from industry leaders and the Zend Framework community, we anticipate that this important project will continue to grow, serving a wide range of application developers and businesses building modern Web applications for the cloud."
The Simple Cloud API project is designed to encourage widespread participation and contributions from the open source community, resulting in the availability of Simple Cloud API adapters for virtually all major cloud providers.
Although led by Zend, the largest corporate contributor to the PHP programming language, the Simple Cloud API can be translated to any object-oriented language for the Web. The PHP implementation will be available in the widely adopted open source Zend Framework project as a new component, called "Zend Cloud." PHP developers can take advantage of this new component to utilize existing client libraries available in Zend Framework in a uniform way.
Zend Cloud adapters will be available for services such as:
- File storage services, including Windows Azure blobs, Rackspace Cloud Files, Nirvanix Storage Delivery Network and Amazon S3
- Document Storage services, including Windows Azure tables and Amazon SimpleDB
- Simple queue services, including Amazon SQS and Windows Azure queues
Zend Cloud will also provide adapters for local services to make offline coding and testing against cloud services as easy as connected development.


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Gardening: Choosing the best live tree
Cora Mattocks, executive director of Daybreak Adult Day Services Inc., talked to the local AARP chapter about dementia and Alzheimer�s disease. The two are very closely related with many symptoms nearly the same, she said. Alzheimer�s will start killing many parts of the brain cells and patients say and do things they would not normally do. Mattocks handed out a remembrance package and explained each part of it. For information about Daybreak, call 252-527-6882. For information about AARP, call Mary Tyndall, chapter coordinator, at 252-527-1505.
Peg Godwin: Choosing the best live tree
You can support North Carolina farmers this holiday season as you select a tree. First choose between an evergreen tree with the roots attached or a live cut Christmas tree. A living tree is best if you have a suitable location to plant it outdoors after the holidays.
Many garden centers offer living trees grown in containers for use as Christmas trees. If you are considering purchasing one, note the soil conditions (wet or dry) and the surroundings on your property where it could be planted. A good location has good drainage and sun most of the day. Check to make sure there is plenty of vertical clearance, as trees grow tall. Potted trees perform best if they are only kept indoors for a few weeks.
Several varieties are available including Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) or �Green Giant� Thuja. Both are large evergreen trees with nice texture that eventually reach 30 to 40 inches tall by 15 to 20 feet wide. Less traditional, but no less beautiful are hollies and Southern magnolia.
In your home your living tree can be kept healthy by placing it in a cool, bright spot away from heating vents and out of direct sunlight. Keep it moist but not wet and never allow the container to sit in water. You might like to water these trees with crushed ice, which melts slowly and soaks into the soil. After Christmas you will need to recondition your tree to the outside climate for a few days before planting it by placing it in a sheltered spot, such as an open garage.
When planting your tree be sure to plant it no deeper than the depth of the root ball, water-in and mulch well, but do not pile mulch around the trunk of the tree. Water the tree once a week through the first season after planting if rain does not provide enough water.
A live cut tree can be brought indoors for the holidays, and can then be chipped for mulch or composted after the presents are opened. Live cut trees are your best choice if you want to keep your tree up for several weeks and do not have a good location to plant it after the holidays.
Some enjoy the experience of choosing and cutting their own tree. Look for a tree farm by checking the NC Eastern Christmas Tree Growers Association website, www.nc-chooseandcut.com, or the NC Department of Agriculture�s NC Farm Fresh website, http://www.ncfarmfresh.com.
If you prefer a Fraser fir, there are plenty of local places you can purchase North Carolina mountain-grown trees. Look for a tree with good color and few brown needles. Check the needles for freshness by bending a few. The needles of freshly cut trees will break crisply when bent, while the needles of older trees will feel rubbery.
A cut tree will perform best if the bottom inch of the trunk is cut off before placing it in a tree stand. This ensures the tree can absorb plenty of water, which needs to be checked daily. Clean water is all that is needed to keep trees fresh. Additives are not necessary and may even reduce tree quality.
Once all the decorating is done sit back and enjoy the tree that was grown with care.
Peg Godwin is the horticulture agent at the Lenoir County Cooperative Extension Center, 1791 N.C. 11/55, Kinston, NC 28504. Reach her at 252-527-2191 or firstname.lastname@example.com or 252-527-2191.


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York Manufacturing Company Workers, Saco, ca. 1900Item 23044 info
Textile manufacturing was a vibrant industry in Biddeford and Saco for over 100 years.
In the 1950s many of the mills closed; only Pepperell remained open.
Around the same time the local textile machine manufacturers had closed and relocated to South Carolina.
In 2009 WestPoint Home, a division of Pepperell shut its doors and ended over 175 years of textile manufacturing in the Biddeford and Saco area.
Many of the mill buildings still stand and are being given new life as condominiums, restaurants and artist studios.


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RALEIGH � A lawyer defending the North Carolina General Assembly's latest redistricting maps says groups suing over the boundaries have provided no proof that lines could be drawn better and still comply with state and federal laws and court cases.
Alec Peters with the state Attorney General's Office argued Tuesday before a three-judge panel considering lawsuits over maps for seats at the legislature and for North Carolina's congressional delegation. Democratic voters and advocacy groups want the maps declared unconstitutional. They had their say Monday.
Peters said Republican legislative leaders followed criteria the state Supreme Court laid out last decade involving how boundaries drawn. He also contends that the plaintiffs are suing largely because they don't like that the boundaries favored the GOP politicians who drew the maps.


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This yellow gazpacho with ratatouille was created by David Burke: "Creating vegetable dishes? Love it! It is the way of the future and a nice challenge. It also gives us a chance to show off."–Linda Long
Yellow Gazpacho and Ratatouille
- Quick Glance
- Serves 6 to 8
- For the yellow gazpacho
- 1 tablespoon cumin seeds
- 1 tablespoon coriander seeds
- 1 tablespoon celery seeds
- 6 ripe yellow beefsteak tomatoes, roughly chopped
- 3 cucumbers, peeled, seeded, and roughly chopped
- 3 yellow peppers, cored, seeded and roughly chopped
- 2 red onions, roughly chopped
- 1 bunch cilantro, roughly chopped
- 1 jalapeño pepper, seeded and chopped
- 2 cups sherry vinegar
- 1 cup extra virgin olive oil
- Store-bought or homemade Tabasco, salt, and pepper, to taste
- For the ratatouille
- 1 tablespoon canola oil
- 1 red bell pepper, finely diced
- 1 yellow bell pepper, finely diced
- 1 eggplant, finely diced
- 1 yellow squash, finely diced
- 1 zucchini, finely diced
- 1 red onion, finely diced
- 3 cloves garlic, finely chopped
- Salt and pepper, to taste
- 2/3 cup prepared tomato sauce
- 1/4 cup finely chopped basil leaves
- 1 or 2 corn tortillas
- Garnish
- 1 scallion, julienned
- Make the yellow gazpacho
- 1. Toast the cumin, coriander, and celery seeds in a nonstick skillet until aromatic. Cool, and then grind in a spice grinder until fine.
- 2. Combine all of the gazpacho ingredients except for the Tabasco, salt, and pepper in a bowl and marinate overnight.
- 3. Purée in a food processor and strain out pulp. Season with Tabasco, salt, and pepper; refrigerate.
- Make the ratatouille
- 4. Heat oil in a 10-inch saute pan. In small batches, saute vegetables until slightly brown and crispy. Remove and place into a mixing bowl. Season with garlic, salt, and pepper to taste.
- 5. Bind with tomato sauce and basil. Heat oven to 350°F (175°C). Cut the corn tortilla into 1/4-inch strips. Place on a baking sheet and top with another. Crisp for about 10 minutes; cool.
- 6. Fill a large wine glass about one-third to one-half full (depending on the size of the glass) with the yellow gazpacho and float a teaspoon of ratatouille in the center with the scallion julienne.
- 7. Place a 1 1/2 x 3-inch-ring mold in the center of a side plate. Carefully fill mold with ratatouille and pack to remove any excess liquid. Let set momentarily, then carefully slide a turner underneath and transport to a dinner plate; remove mold. Add two corn tortilla strips as garnish. Serve immediately.
Yellow Gazpacho and Ratatouille Recipe © 2009 Linda Long. Photo © 2009 Linda Long. All rights reserved. All recipes and photos used with permission of the publisher.
If you make this recipe, snap a photo and hashtag it #LeitesCulinaria. We'd love to see your creations on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.


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|Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
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Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Annual to tree
Leaves simple to pinnately to palmately compound, generally alternate; stipules free to fused, persistent to deciduous
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium free or fused to ovary, saucer- to funnel-shaped, often with bractlets alternate with sepals; sepals generally 5; petals generally 5, free; stamens (0)5many, pistils (0)1many, simple or compound; ovary superior to inferior, styles 15
Fruit: achene, follicle, drupe, pome, or blackberry- to raspberry-like
Seeds generally 15
Genera in family: 110 genera, ± 3000 species: worldwide, especially temp. Many cultivated for ornamental and fruit, especially Cotoneaster , Fragaria , Malus , Prunus , Pyracantha, Rosa , and Rubus
Reference: [Robertson 1974 J Arnold Arbor 55:303332,344401,611662]
Family description, key to genera by Barbara Ertter and Dieter H. Wilken.
Perennial to shrub, often bramble-forming, often prickly, prostrate or clambering to erect
Leaves generally palmately lobed to compound; leaflets often stalked, toothed
Inflorescence various
Flower: hypanthium shallow; bractlets 0; sepals 5, generally reflexed, tips generally linear; petals 5; stamens generally > 20; pistils fewmany, ovaries superior, jointed to slender to club-shaped styles
Fruit: aggregate of sweet, fleshy-coated achenes (drupelets) that generally separate jointly from receptacle (raspberry-like) or separate jointly with part of fleshy receptacle (blackberry-like)
Species in genus: 200700 species: worldwide, especially n temp, Andes
Etymology: (Latin: ancient name for bramble)
Coastal forms often have smaller, hairier, rounder leaves; hybrids and other escapes from cultivated expected.
Arched bramble
Stem 515 mm diam, 5-angled; prickles many, ± wide-based, generally ± curved
Leaf compound; stipules linear; petiole ± 39 cm; leaflets 35, generally widest above middle, sharply toothed, white below; longest leaflet stalk ± 1040 mm; longest leaflet blade ± 511 cm
Inflorescence: panicle, many-flowered, nonglandular
Flower: sepal tips generally ± 1 mm; petals 1015 mm, obovate, white to pinkish; pistils > 15
Fruit blackberry-like, ± oblong, black, ± glabrous
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Ecology: Common. Disturbed moist areas, roadsides, fencerows
Elevation: < 1600 m.
Bioregional distribution: California Floristic Province
Distribution outside California: to British Columbia; native to Eurasia
Synonyms: R. procerus Mueller
Favored by rats for food, shelter.


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A lifelong love of learning led Matthew Pittinsky to become the co-founder and chairman of Washington, D.C.-based Blackboard Inc., which provides the software and services many schools use in online courses. Established in 1998, Blackboard went public in June 2004, and today its E-Learning software is used by more than 2,000 colleges, schools and companies worldwide. In October 2005, Blackboard announced its pending acquisition of WebCT Inc., slated for completion by early 2006. The addition to Blackboard expands the company's service roster to 3,700 higher education, K-12, corporate, government and commercial academic institutions.
Mr. Pittinsky received his undergraduate degree in education policy at American University, and was also enrolled in the school's teacher certification program. But his interest in how the Internet can support the learning process led him away from the 'traditional' teaching profession. He received his master's degree from the Harvard University Graduate School of Education, and is currently pursuing a PhD in the sociology of education at Teachers College, Columbia University, where he is exploring how online and in-class peer relationships influence student achievement.
In addition to his responsibilities at Blackboard Inc. and his PhD studies, Mr. Pittinsky serves on the board of directors of In2Books, a non-profit that uses technology to improve literacy in early education, as well as the board of trustees of American University. He also served as an early member of the IMS e-Learning standards board.
"Many institutions are still not aware of the tremendous value e-Learning solutions provide their students, faculty and campus," Mr. Pittinsky says, noting he believes the future holds widespread adoption of e-Learning as part of the mission of academic institutions.
Tell us about your career in the field of e-Learning. When did your interest in the field of E-Learning start?
Education is in my blood. I come from a family of educators – my mother worked as a teacher in the Baldwin district in Long Island for 30 years, and my father was an administrator at SUNY Stony Brook and Yeshiva University, as well as the president of the school board in our hometown.
I've always been passionate about the field of education. I originally planned to become an educator, but during the training, I became even more interested in how we can use the Internet to transform teaching and learning. That was the original mission of Blackboard, and eight years later we are still working to enable educational innovations by connecting people and technology.
Along the way, I have been fortunate enough to serve as an early member of the IMS e-Learning standards board, and I am currently working on my doctorate in the sociology of education at Columbia Teachers College.
What differences and similarities do you find between your current role as entrepreneur/cofounder/chairman of Blackboard Inc. and your previous experiences in the workforce?
The differences are vast – the longest jobs I held prior to starting Blackboard were operating rides at an amusement park and working at KPMG Consulting (which is now Bearing Point). Neither of these two experiences compare to what I spend my time doing at Blackboard.
What factors were in play in your decision to start Blackboard Inc.? How did you manage to grow the company from serving 15,000 students in 1998 to serving 12 million in 50 countries across 2,000 campuses and companies by 2004?
My partner, Michael Chasen, Blackboard's CEO and President, and I wanted to start Blackboard because we recognized a real need for enterprise software that could enhance education. The Internet was changing so many aspects of life and society. We were working in the higher education practice for KPMG and saw so many college campuses being wired for web access, but there were few programs to leverage the technology that would really impact the academic experience. We started Blackboard to change that.
After launching our first product we saw tremendous interest, particularly from the higher education community. We attribute the ease of use of our product to that initial growth (rather than focusing on too many features, Blackboard focused on ease-of-use) and grassroots demand from instructors, who really drove the business at the beginning.
We also understood and put a great emphasis on having a solid financial model. We knew we needed a sound business to success and we attribute that to our success today.
How have your educational experiences contributed to your success in the e-Learning field?
Having spent a lot of time in school studying education, I've always contemplated how innovation can impact a particular teacher and a particular set of students and how that innovation could improve learning outcomes. I've always applied that measuring stick to what Blackboard does, and I think it's been important.
What do you enjoy most about your career?
While there are many rewarding aspects of my career, I think what I enjoy the most is seeing how much Blackboard has really added to the education experience – it's the individual anecdotes I hear from our clients that make it all worthwhile. Anecdotes about how districts can share resources, provide better training for teachers, about how community colleges can work together to connect students and faculty, how students in rural districts can access courses and training they would not be able to without this technology, and how students in urban areas can learn from students abroad and share cultures.
Who were the biggest inspirations for your career?
My parents were big inspirations for my career, constantly showing me the rewards of lifelong learning and knowledge. I have also had many professional mentors, including faculty members and people whom I have worked for and with.
Coincidentally, I was in the first month of dating my wife, Julie, when I decided to start Blackboard. She has always been a tremendous support to me and my goals.
What was your greatest success and biggest setback?
The day when Blackboard went public was a huge milestone, basically because it emphasized how much trust we had built in this company, and it enabled us to continue our growth and move forward. It wasn't so much about the financial implications as it was about gaining that vote of confidence from new shareholders and rewarding the support of our early investors.
I think the biggest setback might be that we were actually considering merging with a small private company called WebCT in 1998-99, but did not think they would be interested. However, soon after, a company called Universal Learning Technologies stepped in and acquired them. So I think our hesitation to ask the question was a setback. However, it seems to have worked out; we are very excited about our recently announced plans to merge with WebCT.
What are some favorite projects that you've completed in your career, and what makes them stand out?
Writing and editing The Wired Tower with the late Neil Postman is by far one of the most exciting projects in my career. I am also very excited about completing my dissertation, which I am currently working on.
What exactly do you do as cofounder/chairman of Blackboard Inc.? On a basic level, what skills does your job demand? What are your key responsibilities?
I think it's important to say that my role as chairman of Blackboard is a very unique position which enables me to utilize the individual experiences and talents I have in a way which is probably not typical. My job does not have a set description or skill set which I apply and work towards. My responsibilities are tied to my interests and passions. This has been very powerful for me personally and professionally, and I believe it's been critical to Blackboard's success.
As chairman of Blackboard, I spend a lot of my time thinking about the strategy of the company: where is Blackboard headed in three years, five years and even 10 years from now. I meet with leaders in the industry – including clients, investors, major stakeholders and our board members – to talk about where we are going and to hear what they are thinking. I provide this information and feedback to various leaders at Blackboard to make sure this information is translated into a clear strategy for the company.
What are the tools of the trade that you use the most?
E-mail, it allows me to work virtually, as well as books on a wide range of topics which help open my imagination.
What are the greatest stresses, what causes you the most anxiety?
Balancing all the demands on my time, between Blackboard (including a lot of required travel), working on my doctorate at Columbia and making sure that family time is not 'just what's left over.'
What are your top pet peeves with the field of e-Learning?
One of my main beliefs in how Blackboard can improve education centers around the concept of Networked Learning Environments, which Blackboard enables. Networked Learning Environments make it possible for many different educational tools to be linked together and easily accessed outside the boundaries of time and space. For example, in a networked learning environment, a student can access his class syllabus, texts from the library reserves and a lecture taking place in another city. This provides a much more robust experience, opening up many new channels for learning which might not otherwise be feasible without technology.
What is right and wrong with post-secondary education in America?
I'm one of the oddballs who believe most things about post-secondary education in America are right. I don't believe universities should turn into corporations; what some people describe as the slow-moving nature of universities seems less important when you consider the tremendous contributions to society which have come out of universities.
Do you feel that is important for someone to be passionate about the field of education in order to be successful?
Absolutely. To invest the time and energy into a field as large as education, which has issues that are somewhat intractable, it's crucial that one is passionate about it.
How did you choose American University for your bachelors in education policy, Harvard University's Graduate School of Education for your masters and Teachers College, Columbia University for your current PhD studies in the sociology of education?
I looked for universities that combined strong education programs with equally strong social science programs, and looked for schools that would accept me.
What have you enjoyed the most about your education thus far?
My classmates. One of the reasons I am studying the sociology of education at Columbia is because of the unique opportunity to tackle the topic while working with teachers and administrators who each bring an individual, unique perspective.
Would you change anything about your education if you could?
Do better in school before heading to college.
How can prospective students interested in technology and e-Learning assess their aptitude for the field?
This is a tough question – e-Learning is such a broad field. I think doing internships is helpful and speaking to people in the field to understand what they do, so that one can learn about the variety of opportunities in this field.
How has your education benefited your career?
It has broadened my horizons. Education is at the foundation of my world view.
What drove you to return to school to earn your PhD? When is a good time for students to pursue advanced degrees?
I've always wanted to (get my PhD). I began when Blackboard turned profitable. If you don't start, you'll never finish.
How can students in all types of disciplines expect E-Learning to impact their education?
I think e-Learning will be felt in all aspects of education, from accessing your child's homework assignments to continuing adult education. E-Learning creates more choices, greater flexibility and more access to education.
What are some common myths about the software profession? The field of e-Learning?
I think one of the common myths related to software is around the open source discussion, and the idea that open source software is less expensive than a commercial system. While we see many benefits to open source software, particularly as a complement to supported systems, we don't think open source software is a more cost effective option, particularly for academic institutions. In fact, in many cases, it is probably more expensive than a commercial system. The cost of support is a main issue: how does an institution provide cost-effective support for open source programs developed by so many different people and customized on an on-going basis?
I think the value of e-Learning software is another area which is often under-emphasized. Many institutions are still not aware of the tremendous value e-Learning solutions provide their students, faculty and campus. We have heard many times throughout the years that Blackboard is the second most important program used on campuses by students and faculty, second only to e-mail. This demonstrates how mission-critical e-Learning initiatives are, and we think the leaders of academic institutions are just now beginning to realize this.
What are the hottest specialties developing in the field of e-Learning?
The growth of high quality content. There is a tremendous opportunity in the world of publishing related to academia. We are just hitting the tip of the iceberg on this now with our course cartridge program. Cartridges are electronic portions of textbooks (certain chapters and quizzes) which students can access online to use instead of or in conjunction with a textbook. There are currently more than 3,000 cartridges in Blackboard. We think this trend will continue to develop and expand – it will be interesting to see what emerges in the coming years.
How has the growth of the Internet impacted e-Learning? What does the future hold?
The growth of the Internet has absolutely impacted e-Learning. With greater access and more high speed connections available, e-Learning programs are becoming even more mission-critical at academic institutions. We also see deeper penetration with E-Learning programs at the K-12 level; as students begin using the Internet at younger ages, they will want and expect to get their school work online as well.
What are the best ways to get a job in the e-Learning field?
I would answer this the way I would answer "what is the best way to get a job in any field?" Determine what companies are in the e-Learning space, research them, see what jobs are posted on their web sites and locate a recruiter in the company or someone in your field in the company to network with. Determine what knowledge and skill sets you bring to the table and how that fits in with what the company is looking for. Also, network with people in education: ask them who they know, what products/companies are good and well respected, etc. In addition, becoming a member of and attending events of professional organizations and non-profit organizations in the education arena is a terrific way to get and share information and network for opportunities.
How available are internships and other hands-on experiences?
Here at Blackboard, we will be assessing the need for interns next year and rolling out a program if there is demand. I think we will probably look to bring on two to four interns next year. Across the industry, internships can be difficult to locate, but there are opportunities. Using similar techniques I mentioned to get a job, you can get to the people who make those decisions. Volunteer experience can be just as valuable, as well.
What kinds of entry-level jobs are available in the field?
This is our second year doing campus recruiting. There are jobs available for associate technical consultants, entry level QA analysts and associate tech support analysts. In general, if you have some technical knowledge and great multi-tasking and people skills, a support role is a good way to learn the products and clients and gain/enhance customer service skills. It's an area where you can take and grow more junior talent (with one to three years of experience) and position them for further success in that area or other parts of the organization.
What is the job market now in the industry?
The job market is hot in general. Companies slowed down their campus recruiting efforts when times were tough, but this is definitely ramping up again. On the experienced hire side it is very competitive, especially for technical people with relevant industry experience.
What further advice can you give to prospective students thinking about an education and career in the field of e-Learning?
The key to success in any arena is to focus on it and make it happen for yourself. Take charge of your career and mine the marketplace for the opportunity that is right for you.
Is there anything else you can tell us about yourself, your career, or the field of E-Learning that would be interesting or helpful to students?
This is a very exciting time, particularly for academic e-Learning. In the early stages of development, corporate e-Learning was more prevalent, but the trend we are seeing now is widespread adoption of e-Learning across academic institutions. We think this is just the beginning and we are very enthusiastic about the future.
Editor's Note: If you would like to contact Mr. Pittinsky directly for further information on his education experiences or the field of e-Learning, click here. More information about Blackboard Inc. is available at www.blackboard.com.


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For entry into the Royal Navy as an officer you need a good educational background with 180 UCAS points or more (2 A-levels or equivalent). Many officers now join as graduates, though by no means all. Not all courses and qualifications, especially those at BTEC or of a more vocational nature, are suitable for inclusion within this 180 points total. Therefore candidates should seek guidance through their Naval Careers Adviser.Education is not all we look for though – personal qualities of potential leadership, initiative and management are just as important.
If you're interested in a career as an officer in the Royal Navy and want to achieve as much as you can, our sponsorship schemes give you the chance to get financial assistance or earn a wage while you study.
A-Level Sponsorship Opportunities
Sixth Form Scholarship Scheme
If you are a student in Year 11 or 12 you can apply for one of our Sixth Form scholarships of £1,050 a year. You will also get the chance to experience Naval life before you start training, for example by sampling life at sea as the guest of the wardroom of a ship. If you are successful in gaining a scholarship you are also free to apply for university sponsorship.
Welbeck College
Those with aspirations to join the Royal Navy as an Engineer could study at the Defence Sixth Form College (DSFC), Welbeck, near Loughborough. This is a purpose built sixth form college, with on-site, en suite boarding accommodation, and boasts some of the country's finest, state-of-the-art facilities and equipment. You will study alongside other students pursuing careers in the Armed Forces and MOD Civil Service.
Degree Sponsorship Opportunities
If you're thinking of going to university or are already studying for a degree you could consider applying for one of our degree sponsorship schemes. There are 3 bursary schemes available, the Standard Bursary, the Technical Bursary and the Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme, or you might apply for a University Cadetship.
Bursary Schemes
As a bursar you will remain a civilian while studying but will be expected to spend part of your vacations getting to know the Service. You can apply for a bursary either before you start university or at any time during your course.
Standard and Technical Bursaries
Standard Bursaries are available to those wishing to join the Warfare, Logistics or Fleet Air Arm branches, to assist with the costs of studying any subject at any UK university. The bursary is currently worth £1,500 per year.
Technical Bursaries are available to those studying for an accredited engineering degree who wish to be an Engineer Officer on joining, and is £4,000 per year at present.
Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme (DTUS)
This Scheme is also for those wishing the join the Royal Navy as Engineer Officers. Approximately 30 students each year are sponsored to read accredited engineering degrees at the Universities of Southampton, Newcastle upon Tyne, Aston, Birmingham, Loughborough and Northumbria.
Financial support of £5,500 per year is available for members of the DTUS Scheme.
Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme
Golden Hello
If you are interested in a career as an Engineer Officer and already hold an accredited engineering degree you may be eligible for a Golden Hello of up to £12,000.
University Cadetship
This scheme is for people who really want to get on in the Royal Navy and you will start university or college as an officer. You are paid a substantial salary for each year of your study:
- 1st year £11,337
- 2nd year £13,016
- 3rd year £14,615
- 4th year £15,954
You will complete one full year of Naval training before beginning your degree course. This consists of two terms at Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, and a period of time at sea.
Medical and Dental Cadetship
Medical and dental cadetships are available to students on accredited degree courses for their last 3 years of study. You are paid a substantial salary for each year:
- 1st year £13,296
- 2nd year £14,597
- 3rd year £16,625
Please note: All these sponsorship schemes require a certain period of service within the Royal Navy as part of their terms and conditions. Anyone receiving any assistance under any of these Schemes who then does not join the Royal Navy, or who leaves before the period of service is complete, may be required to repay some or all of the money they received. For further details, please ask at your local Armed Forces Careers Office.