text: +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | TPWD News Release 20111228b | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | This page contains only plain text, no HTML formatting codes. | | It is not designed for display in a browser but for copying | | and editing in whatever software you use to lay out pages. | | To copy the text into an editing program: | | --Display this page in your browser. | | --Select all. | | --Copy. | | --Paste in a document in your editing program. | | If you have any suggestions for improving these pages, send | | an e-mail to email@example.com and mention Plain Text Pages. | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ [ Note: This item is more than seven years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references. ] [ Media Contact: TPWD News, email@example.com, 512-389-8030 ] [ Additional Contacts: Larry Hodge, (903) 670-2255, email@example.com; Andrew Watson, (469) 964-9724 ] Dec. 28, 2011 Lake Fork Toyota ShareLunker First of Season ATHENS--Andrew Watson of Highland Village caught the first entry of the 26th Toyota ShareLunker season December 27, 2011, from Lake Fork. Watson and his father were fishing under the Texas 154 bridge for crappie using live minnows when the 13.51-pound largemouth bass began taking their minnows. "She broke my 8-pound line twice, so we decided to try to catch her," Watson said. The third time she took a minnow, Watson was ready. He played her around the boat for several minutes before bringing her to the net. The fish was held for pickup at The Minnow Bucket, an official Toyota ShareLunker weigh and holding station. The fish measured 25.5 inches long and 21.25 inches in girth. It is now Toyota ShareLunker 524. Anyone legally catching a 13-pound or bigger largemouth bass from Texas waters, public or private, between October 1 and April 30 may submit the fish to the Toyota ShareLunker program by calling program manager David Campbell at (903) 681-0550 or paging him at (888) 784-0600 and leaving a phone number including area code. Fish will be picked up by TPWD personnel within 12 hours. The person who catches the largest entry of the season will be named Angler of the Year. If that person is a Texas resident, he or she will receive a lifetime fishing license. The Angler of the Year will also receive a prize package from G. Loomis worth more than $700. The package will include a G.Loomis NRX 854C JWR casting rod, a 7'1", fast-action, power-oriented casting and pitching stick designed specifically for fishing big bass in heavy cover. It's rated for 14 to 20-pound test line and lures ranging from 5/16 to ¾ ounces. Also included will be a Shimano Chronarch 200 E7 casting reel. The new Chronarch E reels feature a long list of proven Shimano features including high efficiency gearing, a lo-mass drilled spool system and super stopper. For smoothness and durability, each has a shielded A-RB ball bearing, five shielded SUS bearings, and a roller clutch. The 200 weighs in at 7.6 oz.; the amount of line retrieved per crank is 30-inches. A 150-yard spool of 30-pound green Power Pro braided line will also be included. ShareLunker entries are used in a selective breeding program at the Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center (TFFC) in Athens. Some of the offspring from these fish are stocked back into the water body from which they were caught. Other ShareLunker offspring are stocked in public waters around the state in an attempt to increase the overall size and growth rate of largemouth bass in Texas. Anglers entering fish into the Toyota ShareLunker program receive a free replica of their fish, a certificate and ShareLunker clothing and are recognized at a banquet at the Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center in Athens. For complete information and rules of the ShareLunker program, tips on caring for big bass, a list of official Toyota ShareLunker weigh and holding stations and a recap of last year's season, see tpwd.texas.gov/sharelunker. The site also includes a searchable database of all fish entered into the program along with pictures where available. Information on current catches, including short videos of interviews with anglers when available, is posted on www.facebook.com/sharelunkerprogram. The Toyota ShareLunker Program is made possible by a grant to the Texas Parks & Wildlife Foundation from Gulf States Toyota. Toyota is a long-time supporter of the Foundation and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, providing major funding for a wide variety of education, fish, parks and wildlife projects. -30-


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2010 Recipients
|Biological Information
|Degree Awarded
|Dana Fabe
|First women appointed to AK Supreme Court '96. Active in advancing law related education & civic engagement for Alaska's young people
|D. Laws
|Oliver Leavitt
|Chairman of the Board of Directors of Arctic Slope Regional Corporation VP of Government Affairs. ASRC is one of 13 regional Native corps established by Congress under the AK native Claims Settlement Act '71
|D. Laws
|John Strohmeyer
|Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing; Pulitzer traveling fellowsip for finishing 1st in his class Columbia School of Journalism; Nieman fellowship from Harvard University
|D. Humane Letters
|Tom Albanese
|Commencement speaker & alumnus. CEO of Rio Tinto, the 3rd largest mining company in the world. First American to head a British company
|D. Sciences
|Jerry Brown
|Alumnus. Spent 30 years working for the US Gov't (Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab- CRREL) doing research on arctic soil & permafrost in collaboration w/ UAF
|D. humane Letters
|Paul John
|Honored political & cultural leader in AK; Yup'ik tribal chief of the Nunakauyak Traditional Council
|D. Humane Letters
|Tom Cashen
|Commissioner of Labor & Workforce Development '95-'98. Labor raining facility in Anchorage named in his honor '04
|D. Laws

subset: commoncrawl


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Generally, the reason you adapt a comic book franchise for a video game is because its most recognisable characters help drive its sales. Bane, while familiar to the Batcore, probably doesn't have much of a Q-score with the general public.
That doesn't stop Sefton Hill, the director of Rocksteady's award-winning Batman: Arkham Asylum from daydreaming about a standalone game starring the temperamental luchador pumped full of super ripped fuel, or really any of the other lesser-known villains in the Batman continuity.
"I think one of the things about working on Batman is that you really get to see how good all the villains are," he told Videogamer.com. "I really think there's scope to take some of those villains, even some of the not-so-famous ones like Bane, who has a phenomenal backstory, and really work on turning that into something original and fresh.
"That's kind of something [that would be]less popular, but something that could be really interesting and exciting. That could be crazy."
Yeah, and it's not gonna happen. If you were to ask, Family Feud style, for the name of a Batman villain, the results would go something like: Joker, Penguin, Catwoman, Riddler, Scarecrow, Two-Face, Mister Freeze, etc, Bane as a character is not even 17 years old. He's a strong supporting character - but the emphasis is on "supporting".
A Standalone Bane game? Yes Please, Says Batman Dev [Videogamer.com via CVG]


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Puerta de Alcalá Gate, Madrid.
Plaza de la Independencia s/n
28001 Madrid (Madrid Region)
- Autonome regio: Madrid Region
- Provincie/Eiland: Madrid
This is one of the most well-known monuments in Madrid. Built between 1769 and 1778 under the orders of King Carlos III, it was designed by Francisco Sabatini and erected as a triumphal arch to celebrate the arrival of the monarch at the capital. The granite gate is 19.5 metres tall and is elegant and well-proportioned. The façade features a number of decorative elements with groups of sculptures, capitals, reliefs and masks, among others.
- Bouw: Gateway
- Artistieke periode: Neo-classical
- Historische periode: 18th century


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AKCAKALE, Turkey � Syrian rebels seized control of a border crossing on the frontier with Turkey on Wednesday, ripping down the Syrian flag as the rebels fighting to oust President Bashar Assad expand their control of the country's north.
AKCAKALE, Turkey � Syrian rebels seized control of a border crossing on the frontier with Turkey on Wednesday, ripping down the Syrian flag as the rebels fighting to oust President Bashar Assad expand their control of the country�s north.
Two bombs also exploded in a Damascus suburb, causing civilian casualties, according to Syria�s state news agency SANA. The first blast went off near a secondary school in the Damascus suburb of Qudsayya, followed by a second explosion about 200 yards away, SANA said. The agency said school students were not among those hurt but had no further details.
Although the bloodshed prompted international sanctions that have isolated Assad�s government, the regime still has the support of Russia, Iran and China. On Wednesday, Assad met with Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi in the capital Damascus, Syria�s state-run news agency reported.
Salehi arrived in Syria after a visit to Cairo as part of an Egyptian-sponsored Syria peace initiative grouping Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Egypt � all supporters of the rebels � with Iran.
Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi warned Iran on Tuesday that its support for the Syrian regime was hurting chances of better relations between Iran and Egypt. The promise of greater rapprochement with Egypt is part of a package of incentives and efforts by Morsi to lure Iran, Syria�s staunchest regional ally, away from Damascus and find an end to the bloodshed.
After meeting with Assad on Wednesday, the Iranian foreign minister pledged his country�s �unwavering support� to Syria to end the fighting, according to SANA.
Assad, in turn, said �the success of any initiative is the truthful intention to help Syria,� the Syrian news agency said. SANA also quoted Assad as saying that the �current battle targets resistance as a whole not only Syria,� an apparent reference to hardline groups and countries opposed to Israel�s existence.
The capture of the border crossing with Turkey was a strategic boost for the rebels, allowing them to ferry supplies into the country as the fighters try to tip the balance in the civil war.
Syria�s rebels have captured several other crossings into Turkey, as well as one on the border with Iraq. The seizure on Wednesday is believed to be the first time they have overrun a frontier post in the northern province of Raqqa, which could help in the fight for control of Aleppo, Syria�s largest city, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) away.
�I am a free Syrian!� Zisha Bargash shouted, throwing his hands in the air as he watched the takeover from the Turkish side. �This is the beginning of the end Assad. Game over.�
Bargash was among a dozen people � some jubilant, some wounded � who managed to crawl under a barbed wire barrier between the countries. Some replaced the national flag with a rebel banner, sparking loud cheers and applause.
Turkish officials cordoned off the area on the Turkish side of the border, and police prevented a crowd of people from trying to storm the area and cross into Syria.
Although the rebels appeared firmly in control of the crossing, scattered gunfire was heard on the Syrian side and a government flag was flying in the distance, suggesting government forces were not far away.
The takeover of the Tal Abyad crossing comes after a day of fierce clashes as rebels and regime forces fought for its control. Turkey�s private Dogan news agency said earlier Wednesday that the rebels had surrounded the customs building and engaged in an intense firefight with Syrian snipers inside the building.
Civilians fleeing the violence reported that several people were killed in the fighting around Tal Abyad, Dogan reported. Several others were wounded in the battles and were taken to Turkey for treatment, the report said without giving specific numbers.
The 18-month-old conflict began with peaceful protests that were attacked by government security forces and has since evolved into a civil war. Activists say at least 23,000 people have been killed. Rebel factions have also been accused of summary executions and other abuses.
The conflict has sent refugees pouring into neighboring countries. Some 83,000 refugees have found shelter in 12 camps along the Turkish border with Syria.
Also Wednesday, Amnesty International said the Syrian government has carried out indiscriminate air bombardments and artillery strikes on residential areas that do not target opposition fighters or military objectives, and instead appear aimed solely at punishing civilians perceived to be supporters of the rebels.
Much of the recent fighting has centered on the contested city of Aleppo, but the London-based group said hundreds of civilians in other parts of northern and central Syria have been killed or wounded in recent weeks. Many of the victims were children, who were killed in attacks on people�s homes, cities� streets or while trying to take shelter from the bombings.
The conclusions were published in an Amnesty report that followed a visit to Syria by senior crisis researcher Donatella Rovera, who traveled to 26 towns and villages in the Jabal al-Zawiya area and other parts of the northern Idlib and north Hama regions between Aug. 31 and Sept. 11.


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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2001 Press Releases > September 2001 > Wayland awards diploma early to student with terminal leukemia
Wayland awards diploma early to student with terminal leukemia
Donetta Stewart's one major dream while enduring chemotherapy and cancer treatment was to receive her college degree.
On Saturday, Sept. 1, that dream came true when Wayland Baptist University presented a Bachelor of Business Administration degree to Stewart, a 23-year-old student at the Plainview campus, in a special ceremony just one day before she lost her battle with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
During Saturday's brief ceremony, nearly 65 friends, church members and former teammates gathered to witness Stewart's graduation. Armes called the Stewarts "an example of everything that is good about Wayland."
A survivor of lymphoma while a young child, Stewart was diagnosed with ALL in the spring of 2000. She'd been through chemotherapy that took a toll on her physical strength. She'd also considered other treatments, including a bone marrow transplant, but odds of success were low and a suitable donor could not be found.
Carrying a portable morphine pump, Stewart had enrolled for 13 hours this fall semester to complete the ten hours she lacked toward her degree. Fellow Wayland student Daniel Almsted, who works at Plainview Christian Academy with Stewart's husband Larry, approached Plainview president Dr. Paul Armes about the possibility of awarding the degree early in light of Stewart's special circumstances.
"The administrative team in Plainview discussed the possibility and thought it should be done. Dr. (Wallace) Davis, our chancellor, also was very enthusiastic that this should happen, so we went forward with plans for a ceremony," Armes said. "One of the neat things about Wayland is that we're willing to be creative when it comes to special situations."
After setting the wheels in motion for the necessary elements of the ceremony - including ordering the diploma itself - Armes then visited with Mark Murdock, chairman of Wayland's board of trustees. Murdock not only approved the move but also said that he'd like to be present to confer the degree much like he has done at previous commencement ceremonies.
Officially, Stewart's transcript will reflect hours credited for "life experience," a common practice with the university's Bachelor of Science in Occupational Education degree, primarily awarded at its 11 external campuses.
"This is our acknowledgment that not only is she an excellent student, but she is very deserving of this honor," Armes said. Stewart had maintained a 4.0 grade point average in her last three semesters, despite undergoing rigorous treatments.
The Stewarts have a daughter, Haven, who is 2 ½. They are members of Harvest Christian Fellowship, which has been supportive of the family by holding fundraisers to help offset medical costs.
Funeral services for Stewart will be held Wednesday, Sept. 5 in Plainview, with burial following in Amarillo. Stewart is a native of Canyon and is the daughter of Preston and Jenny Bingham of Amarillo.


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Caribou Wilderness
IntroductionThe United States Congress designated the Caribou Wilderness (map) in 1964 and it now has a total of 20,839 acres. All of this wilderness is located in California and is managed by the Forest Service. The Caribou Wilderness is bordered by the Lassen Volcanic Wilderness to the west.
DescriptionReminders of the volcanic and glacial origin of the Caribou Wilderness can be seen throughout this forested plateau. The forest is composed predominantly of lodgepole pine sprinkled with a mixture of Jeffrey pine, white and red fir, western white pine, and hemlock. Crater peaks, cinder cones, and numerous depressions have filled with water to become splendid timber-fringed lakes. The larger lakes support brook and rainbow trout, and black-tailed deer and black bears grace the Wilderness alongside squirrels, chipmunks, and the protected pine marten. You may see bald eagles and ospreys overhead, and mergansers and grebes on the ponds and lakes. Some of the water, percolating up through the porous volcanic aquifer, forms the head of the Susan River, a major water source for the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains. On the western border, which is shared by Lassen Volcanic National Park, stands Red Cinder, the area's highest point at 8,375 feet. From this high place, and from the tops of Black Cinder Rock and North and South Caribou Peaks, you'll find terrific views of the towering mountains that surround the Wilderness. A well-maintained trail system offers access along relatively easy slopes, but off the trails, the land is often rough and broken. Lakes are usually frozen well into June. Summer on the trails brings dashes of wildflower color and thick clusters of water lilies on the ponds--not to mention clouds of devilish mosquitoes. From Silver Lake, just outside the eastern boundary, the Caribou Lake Trail enters the Wilderness for approximately one mile, to split south about six miles to the Hay Meadows Trailhead, and north about four miles to the Cone Lake Trailhead. At Triangle Lake on the north trail, a path travels west about one mile before entering the national park. Receiving moderate human use, this area offers a chance for wondrous solitude.
Planning to Visit the Caribou Wilderness?
- Print a fact sheet
- General things to consider when visiting any wilderness
- Regulations
- Contact the Forest Service
- Visit the National Forest wilderness website
Leave No TraceHow to follow the seven standard Leave No Trace principles differs in different parts of the country (desert vs. Rocky Mountains). Click on any of the principles listed below to learn more about how they apply in the Caribou Wilderness.
- Plan Ahead and Prepare
- Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces
- Dispose of Waste Properly
- Leave What You Find
- Minimize Campfire Impacts
- Respect Wildlife
- Be Considerate of Other Visitors


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LONDON (Reuters) - Federal Reserve policymaker Richard Fisher said on Monday he was comfortable with the rise in U.S. Treasury yields following the central bank's signal it planned to slow its support, but cautioned that a big spike would be "destructive".
"I'm not uncomfortable with the current rates," Fisher told journalists after speaking at an event organized by OMFIF. "I don't think you can judge it based on a couple of days... we've had this market reaction but we have to wait and see how things settle out."
Last week Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke signaled the central bank may start winding down its bond-buying program later this year and end it by the middle of 2014, when unemployment will likely be about 7 percent.
His comments sent stocks tumbling and bond yields sharply up, as investors prepared for less stimulus from the Fed despite a less-than-stellar pace of economic recovery.
"What personally I would be worried about is a significant spike (in U.S. yields)," Fisher added. "That would show risk of financial instability but a gradual rise over time (would not worry me)."
Fisher, who heads the Dallas Federal Reserve, also said the central bank had to follow through with its signal if things panned out roughly as expected with the U.S. economy.
"If the big operators detect weakness they will test it. If they pick up a scent of lack of resolve they will test it."
"Collectively we will be tested. We need to expect a market reaction," Fisher added.
(Reporting by Marc Jones and Francesco Canepa)
Copyright (2013) Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions


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MM on 4th and 1 call "It was a solid call" — Chris Terlop (@ChrisTerlop) September 23, 2013
The play in question occured with 4 minutes left in the game. The Packers, with a 3 point lead, lined up on the Bengals 30 yard line facing a 4th and 1. The Packers had a couple options, bring Mason Crosby on for a 47 yard field goal attempt, or run a play to go for the 1st down. The Packers chose to go for the 1st down by running a very green Johnathan Franklin behind the right guard straight into the stout Bengals defensive front.
Franklin not only failed to get the first down, but also fumbled on the play. The fumble was returned for a touchdown, giving the Bengals the lead.
When speaking with the press on Monday, McCarthy said the call was solid but did not go into any further detail about the call.
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Lot #97 in Evergreen Farms subdivision. All lots are subject to the Evergreen Farms Declaration, Bylaws, and Restrictions. Custom home built by Port Harbor Homes.
The approximate monthly Principal & Interest payment for this property would be $249. This payment is based on a 30-year loan at a fixed rate of 3.82 % with a down payment of $5,590. Actual lender interest rates and loan programs may vary.
Use our Mortgage Payment Calculator to determine a more exact payment estimate.


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Rihanna Angry With Reporter at Chanel Show in Paris [VIDEO]
Rihanna usually loves media attention, but at a Chanel show in Paris, the R&B diva swatted a reporter who got too close to her.
After watching her friend, model Cara Delevingne, sashay down the runway at Chanel's supermarket-themed fashion show, RiRi tried to leave the venue but was blocked by a swarm of reporters.
When asked about Karl Lagerfeld's selection of music, which included Rihanna's own songs, the 'Stay' singer replied, "Exquisite." But then a reporter's microphone got too close to her face and she flipped out.
"Excuse me guys with that f---ing thing," she griped at the reporter before swatting the mic with her big Chanel bag.
Outside of the intrusion, the Chanel fashion show was a success. The event took place in an actual supermarket, which is unique to say the least. Shockingly, fashion icon Karl Lagerfeld told reporters that he doesn't go to supermarkets because he finds them boring. Huh?
Meanwhile, Rihanna continues to show off her fashion sense with a bevy of photos on Instagram, wearing the hottest designs from Paris.
Check out the photos below. You go, RiRi!


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Why See Dierks Bentley?
Burning Man Tour
Country singer Dierks Bentley is hitting the road again in 2019, on his Burning Man tour. Named after his most recent single, this new sojourn will feature special guests, including Jon Pardi, Tenille Townes, and his '90s cover band, Hot Country Knights.
Only just coming off his Mountain High tour, Bentley is raring to take to the stage again, bringing you his unmistakable country sound! First hitting the airwaves in 2003 with his debut record, he has since released ten albums, reached number one on the Hot Country Songs Charts 16 times so far. So don't miss your chance to see him live!
Additional Information
Performance date: 29 January 2019
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Please note: All prices are listed in US Dollars (USD). The term Rogers Arena and/or Dierks Bentley as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other trademarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Rogers Arena and/or Dierks Bentley and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Rogers Arena and/or Dierks Bentley and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.


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The 2009 Rice Leadership Development Program class began its first session at the end of March with a weeklong, firsthand look at rice production and marketing programs in the Gulf Coast states of Louisiana and Texas.
Class members included rice producers Brandon Bauman of Arkansas, Tom Butler and Josh Sheppard of California, John Earles of Louisiana and Kirk Satterfield of Mississippi and industry-related representative members Chad Duckworth and Kyle Stovesand of Arkansas.
The session began in Houston, where USA Rice Federation staff gave an overview of the rice industry, provided updates on domestic and international promotion efforts, and summarized the federation's organizational structure.
The class visited the largest domestic user of rice, Anheuser Busch, which purchases more than 9 percent of domestically produced rice.
Alumnus Michael Creed from Creed Rice, Inc., explained the role of international brokers and the various ways for shipping rice internationally.
On day two, Riviana Foods, Inc., hosted a tour of its instant rice plant and explained consumer and industrial marketing techniques.
The class also received an update on U.S. Rice Producers Association activities.
The class then traveled to East Bernard, Texas, where they met with leadership program alumnus Terry Hlavinka and Ralph Novosad with Hlavinka Equipment Company to talk about Texas rice production.
The next stop was at the farming operation of Steve Balas, who also serves on the Lower Colorado River Authority, where the class learned how agriculture and urban growth work together to provide water for everyone.
Linda Raun explained how she and her husband L.G. Raun market organic and specialty rice from their farm in El Campo.
The class then met with Dick Ottis, executive vice president of Rice Belt Warehouse, Inc., the state's largest rice storage facility.
Class members also met with Jay Davis of Coastal Rice and Futures, who described the use of the sales offices in south Texas.
The day ended with a reception and dinner at Greek Brothers Restaurant.
On the last day in Texas, the class met with RiceTec, Inc., a new sponsor of the program, where they learned about hybrid rice production technology.
The class wrapped up its Texas tour with a stop in Beaumont, where leadership class alumnus Mike Doguet used his rice farm, rice mill, sod farm, cattle operation and crawfish farm to demonstrate the importance of diversification.
In Lake Charles, La., alumnus Philip Bertrand with Farmers Rice Milling Company explained Louisiana rice marketing provided a tour of the company's agrilectric power plant, which burns rice hulls to power the rice mill and sells the surplus electricity.
Alumni Christian Richard, Dane Hebert, Buck Leonards, Ross Hebert and Jeff Durand sponsored a crawfish boil for the class, during which Eddie Eskew discussed south Louisiana production practices and salt intrusion problems that still face producers as a result of previous hurricanes.
The next day the class toured Louisiana State University Rice Research Station in Crowley, La., where alumnus Steve Linscombe summarized the latest rice research. The class then visited John PAC in Crowley, La., to observe the production of the bags used to send U.S. rice around the world.
For the final day, the class visited Russell Marine Group, Metairie, La., where they learned about laboratory testing services and were given a tour of the mid-stream loading facility on the Mississippi River, where ocean-going barges and vessels are loaded for international shipment.
John Deere Company, Syngenta and RiceTec, Inc., are sponsors of the Rice Leadership Development Program through a grant to The Rice Foundation. The USA Rice Federation administers it.


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This tool, made out of obsidian—a dark, glass-like rock—dates back to 10,000 BCE. It is impossible to shape obsidian just by hitting it with a stone.
The evolutionist historical perspective studies the history of mankind by dividing it up into several periods, just as it does with the supposed course of human evolution itself. Such fictitious concepts as the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age are an important part of the evolutionist chronology. Since this imaginary picture is presented in schools and in television and newspaper stories, most people accept this imaginary picture without question and imagine that human beings once lived in an era when only primitive stone tools were used and technology was unknown.
Spoons show that the people of the time had table manners. This is further evidence that they did not lead primitive lives, as evolutionists claim.
Yet when archaeological findings and scientific facts are examined, a very different picture emerges. The traces and remains that have come down to the present—the tools, needles, flute fragments, personal adornments and decorations—show that in cultural and social terms, humans have always lived civilized lives in all periods of history.
Hundreds of thousands of years ago, people lived in houses, engaged in agriculture, exchanged goods, produced textiles, ate, visited relatives, took an interest in music, made paintings, treated the sick, performed their acts of worship and, in short, lived normal lives just as they do today.
One of the proofs that primitive-minded ape-men never existed is this 40,000-year-old flute. Scientific research shows that flutes like this one, based on the present-day seven-note Western scale, were used tens of thousands of years ago.
People who heeded the prophets sent by God came to have faith in Him, the One and Only, while others worshipped idols. Believers with faith in God abided by the moral values commanded by Him, while others engaged in superstitious practices and deviant rites. At all times in history, just as today, there have been people who believed in the existence of God, as well as pagans and atheists.
Of course, throughout history, there have always been those living under simpler, more primitive conditions as well as societies living civilized lives. But this by no means constitutes evidence for the so-called evolution of history, because while one part of the world is launching shuttles into space, people in other lands are still unacquainted with electricity. Yet this does not mean that those who build spacecraft are mentally or physically more advanced—and have progressed further down the supposed evolutionary road and become more culturally evolved—nor that the others are closer to the fictional ape-men. These merely indicate differences in cultures and civilizations.
Evolutionists Cannot Account for Archaeological Discoveries
This stone carving is 11,000 years old—when, according to evolutionists, only crude, stone tools were in use. However, such a work cannot be produced by rubbing one stone against another. Evolutionists can offer no rational, logical explanation of such reliefs formed so accurately. Intelligent humans using tools of iron or steel must have produced this and other similar works.
When you examine an evolutionist's history of mankind, you'll notice the detailed depictions of how man's allegedly primitive ancestors went about their daily lives. Anyone impressed by the confident, authoritative style, but without much knowledge of the subject, may well assume that all these "artistic reconstructions" are based on scientific evidence.
Evolutionist scientists arrive at detailed descriptions as if they had been around thousands of years ago and had the opportunity to carry out observations. They say that when our supposed ancestors—who had now learned to stand on two legs and had nothing else to do with their hands—began making stone tools, and for a very long period used no other implements other than ones made of stone and wood. Only at a much later date did they start to use iron, copper and brass. Yet these accounts are based on misinterpretation of findings in the light of evolutionist preconceptions, rather than on scientific proof.
For this 550,000-year-old stone hand-axe to have been cut and shaped so accurately other tools made out of even harder metals such as iron or steel must have been employed.
In his book Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction, archaeologist Paul Bahn says that the scenario of mankind's evolution is nothing but a fairy tale, adding that so much of science is based on such tales. He stresses that he uses the word "tale" in a positive sense, but that still, this is exactly what they are. He then invites his readers to consider the traditional attributes of the so-called human evolution: cooking and campfires, dark caves, rites, tool-making, aging, struggle and death. How much of these conjectures, he wonders, are based on bones and actual remains, and how much on literary criteria?
Bahn is reluctant to openly answer the question he poses: namely, that man's alleged evolution is based on "literary" criteria rather than scientific ones.
In fact, there are a great many unanswered questions and logical inconsistencies in these accounts, which someone thinking along the lines of evolutionist dogma will fail to detect. Evolutionists refer to a Stone Age, for example, but are at a loss to explain how implements or remains from the time could have been carved and shaped. In the same way, they can never explain how winged insects first came to fly, though they maintain that dinosaurs grew wings and thus started to fly by trying to catch them. They prefer to forget the whole question, and to have others do the same.
Yet shaping and carving stone is no easy task. It is impossible to produce perfectly regular and razor-sharp tools, as in the remains that have come down to us, by scraping one stone against another. It is possible to shape hard stones such as granite, basalt or dolerite without them crumbling apart only by using steel files, lathes and planes. It is equally obvious that bracelets, earrings and necklaces dating back tens of thousands of years could not have been crafted using stone tools. The tiny holes in such objects cannot be made with stones. The decoration on them cannot be produced by scraping. The perfection in the objects in question shows that other tools made of hard metals must have been employed.
There Never Was a Stone Age
In the period denigrated by evolutionists as the "Stone Age," people worshipped, listened to the message preached by the messengers sent to them, constructed buildings, cooked food in their kitchens, chatted with their families, visited their neighbors, had tailors sew clothes for them, were treated by doctors, took an interest in music, painted, made statues—and, in short, lived perfectly normal lives. As archaeological findings show, there have been changes in technology and accumulated knowledge over the course of history. But humans have always lived as human beings.
This Late Neolithic necklace of stones and shells reveals not only the artistry and tastes of the people of the time, but also that they possessed the necessary technology to produce such decorative objects.
Pots, a model table, and a spoon dating to between 7,000 and 11,000 BCE provide important information about the living standards of people of the time. According to evolutionists, people of that age had only recently adopted a settled lifestyle and were only just becoming civilized. Yet these materials show that there was nothing lacking from these people's culture, and that they lived a fully civilized existence.
Just as we do today, they sat at tables, ate using plates, knives, spoons and forks, played host to their guests, offered them refreshments—and in short, lived regular lives. When the findings are examined as a whole, we see that with their artistic understanding, medical knowledge, technical means and daily lives, Neolithic people lived fully human lives just like those before and after them.
12,000-year-old beads
Right: According to archaeologists, these stones, dating back to around 10,000 BCE, were used as beads. The perfectly regular holes in such hard stones are particularly noteworthy, since tools made out of steel or iron must have been used to drill them.
A 12,000-year-old button
Left: These bone buttons, used around 10,000 BCE, show that the people of the time had clothing with fasteners. A society that uses buttons must also be familiar with sewing, cloth making, and weaving.
9,000 to 10,000-year-old needles and awl
Right: These needles and awl, which date back to around 7,000 to 8,000 BCE, offer important evidence of the cultural lives of the people of the time. People who use awls and needles clearly led fully human lives, and not an animalistic existence, as evolutionists maintain.
A 12,000-year-old copper awl
Left: This copper awl, dating back to around 10,000 BCE, is evidence that metals were known about and mined, and shaped during the period in question.
Copper ore, typically found in crystal or powder form, appears in the form of seams in old, hard rocks. Any society that made a copper awl must have recognized copper ore, managed to extract it from inside the rock and have had the technological means with which to work it. This shows that they had not just recently been primitive, as evolutionists maintain.
The flutes in the picture are an average of 95,000 years old. People who lived tens of thousands of years ago possessed a taste for musical culture.
The "Polished Stone" Deception
The most striking stonework has survived down to the present day in archaeological remains. In order to be able to give stone such a detailed and regular shape, powerful steel tools generally need to be employed. One cannot make fine shapes and designs by abrading or rubbing one stone together with another. Technical infrastructure is essential to accurately cut stones as hard as granite and make patterns on their surface.
Many stone implements remain sharp and bright, reflecting from accurate cutting and shaping. The way evolutionist scientists describe the era they came from as the "Polished Stone Age" is completely unscientific. It is impossible for polish to be preserved over thousands of years. The stones in question shine because they were accurately cut, not because, as is claimed, they were polished. This brightness stems from inside the stone itself.
Of the bracelets in the above picture, the one on the left is made of marble, and the right one from basalt. They date back to between 8,500 and 9,000 BCE. Evolutionists claim that in that period, only tools made out of stone were used. But basalt and marble are exceptionally hard substances. In order for them to be turned into such rounded links, steel blades and equipment must be used. It is impossible for them to have been cut and shaped without the use of steel tools.
If you give anyone a piece of stone and ask him to use it to turn a piece of basalt into a bracelet like that in the picture, what degree of success will they have? Rubbing one stone against another or striking them against one another cannot, of course, produce a bracelet. Moreover, these artifacts show that the people who made them were civilized individuals with aesthetic tastes and an understanding of beauty.
The illustrations show hand-made tools of obsidian and bone, hooks and various objects made out of stone. Obviously, one cannot obtain such regular shapes by striking raw material with a stone. Crude blows will merely break the bone and prevent the desired shape from taking form. In the same way, it is clear that sharp lines and pointed tips cannot be possible, even with tools of the very hardest stone, such as granite and basalt. These stones are cut regularly, just like slicing fruit. Their brightness stems not from their being polished, as evolutionists maintain, but from the shaping itself. Those who made these items must have had devices of iron or steel to let them shape these materials in the manner they wished. Slabs of hard stone can be cut so accurately only by using a material even harder, such as steel.
You can't Carve Stone with Stone
1. Stone inlays dating back to around 10,000 BCE
2. Pestles dating back to 11,000 BCE
3. An obsidian tool dating back to 10,000 BCE
4. Stone objects dating back to 11,000 BCE
5. Stonework dating back to between 9,000 and 10,000 BCE, with traces of malachite inlay
6. A socketed stone inlay resembling a nail, dating back to around 10,000 BCE
7. A hammer dating back to 10,000 BCE
These stone tools date back on average to between 10,000 and 11,000 BCE. Imagine that you wanted to make any one of the objects here by hitting or rubbing one stone with another, in the way evolutionists maintain was done at the time. Try to make regular holes such as those in figure 4. No matter how many times you strike the piece of rock in your hand, you will never be able to make such a perfect hole. To do so, you will need to use a drill made of some harder substance like steel.
Many archaeologists and scientists have performed tests to see whether such ancient artifacts could have been manufactured under the conditions that evolutionists conjecture. For example, Professor Klaus Schmidt carried out one such experiment on the carvings on the stone blocks at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, estimated to date back some 11,000 years. He gave workmen stone tools, of the kind evolutionists claim were employed at the time, and asked them to produce similar carvings on similar rocks. After two hours of non-stop work, all that the workmen managed to complete was a vague line.
You can carry out a similar experiment at home. Take a piece of hard stone such as granite and try to turn it into a spearhead of the kind used by people living 100,000 years ago. But you are not allowed to use anything else than that piece of granite and a stone. How successful do you think you might be? Can you produce a piece with the same narrow point, symmetry, smoothness and polish as those found in the historical strata? Let us go even further; take a piece of granite one meter square and on it, try and carve a picture of an animal, imparting a sense of depth. What kind of result could you produce by grinding that rock with another piece of hard stone? Clearly, in the absence of tools made of steel and iron you can make neither a simple spearhead, much less an impressive stone carving.
Stone-cutting and stone carving are fields of expertise all their own. The requisite technology is essential in order to make files, lathes and other tools. This demonstrates that at the time these objects were made, the "primitive" technology was well advanced. In other words, evolutionists' claims that only simple stone implements were known, that there was no technology in existence, are myths. Such "Stone-Only" Age has never existed.
However, it is perfectly plausible that any steel and iron tools used in cutting and shaping stones should not have survived down to the present day. In a naturally moist and acidic environment, all kinds of metal tools will oxidize and eventually disappear. All that will be left is chips and fragments of the stone they worked, which take much longer to vanish. But to examine these fragments and suggest that people at the time used only stone is not scientific reasoning.
Indeed, a great many evolutionists now admit that archaeological findings do not support Darwinism at all. Richard Leakey, an evolutionist archaeologist, confessed that it's impossible to account for the archaeological findings, especially stone tools, in terms of the theory of evolution:
In fact, concrete evidence of the inadequacy of the Darwinian hypothesis is to be found in the archeological record. If the Darwinian package were correct, then we would expect to see the simultaneous appearance in the archeological and fossil records of evidence for bipedality, technology, and increased brain size. We don't. Just one aspect of the prehistoric record is sufficient to show that the hypothesis is wrong: the record of stone tools. 1
The Fictitious Evolutionist Chronology
These pieces of copper, dating back to between 8,000 and 10,000 BCE, are believed to have been used as beads. The people of the time possessed the technical know-how to find copper ore and then work it.
In classifying history, evolutionists interpret the objects they find in line with their own dogmatic theories. The period during which bronze artifacts were manufactured they call the Bronze Age, and suggest that iron began being used much more recently—based on their claim that in the most ancient civilizations, metals were unknown.
As already mentioned, however, iron, steel and many other metals quickly oxidize and decay, much faster than stone does. Some metals such as bronze, which oxidize with much greater difficulty, may survive for longer than others. It is therefore perfectly natural that excavated objects made of bronze should be older and those of iron of a much more recent date.
In addition, it's not logical to maintain that any society able to produce bronze was unaware of iron, that a society with the technical knowledge to produce bronze did not use any other metals.
Bronze is obtained by adding tin, arsenic and antimony, with a small quantity of zinc, to copper. Anyone who creates bronze must have a working knowledge of such chemical elements as copper, tin, arsenic, zinc and antimony, know at what temperatures these are to be melted, and possess a kiln in which to melt and combine them. Without all this knowledge, it will be very difficult to produce a successful alloy.
To begin with, copper ore is found in old, hard rocks in powder or crystalline form (which is also referred to as "native copper"). A society that uses copper must first possess a level of knowledge to identify it in powder form in these rocks. It must then construct a mine to extract the copper, remove it, and carry it to the surface. It is clear that these things cannot be done using stone and wooden tools.
Copper ore must be introduced to red-hot flame in order for it to liquefy. The temperature needed to melt and refine copper is 1 084.5 oC (1 984 oF). There also needs to be a device or bellows to ensure a steady flow of air to the fire. Any society working with copper must construct a kiln able to produce such high heat and also make such equipment as crucibles and tongs for use with the furnace.
This is a brief summary of the technical infrastructure needed to work copper—which by itself, is too soft a metal to hold a sharp edge for long. Producing harder bronze by adding tin, zinc and other elements to copper is even more sophisticated, because every metal requires different processes. All these facts show that communities engaged in mining, producing alloys and metal-working must have possessed detailed knowledge. It is neither logical nor consistent to claim that people with such comprehensive knowledge would never have discovered iron.
On the contrary, archaeological discoveries show that the evolutionist claim that metal was unknown and not used in very ancient societies is untrue. Proof includes such findings as the remains of a 100,000-year-old metallic vessel, 2.8-billion-year-old metal spheres, an iron pot estimated to be 300 million years old, fragments of textiles on clay dated to 27,000 years ago, and traces of metals such as magnesium and platinum, successfully melted in Europe only a few hundred years ago, in remains dating back a thousand years. These scattered remains totally demolish the Rough Stone Age, Polished Stone Age, Bronze and Iron Age classifications. But a large part of these findings, after appearing in many scientific publications, have either been ignored by evolutionist scientists or else hidden away in museum basements. Fantastical evolutionist tales have been presented as the history of mankind, instead of the true facts.
Believers Have Led Civilized Lives Throughout History
The true religion, together with superstitious beliefs, have existed in all periods of history, just as they do today. At all times, believers have fulfilled their religious observances in obedience to God's command.
Throughout the course of history, God has sent messengers to call people to the true path. Some people have obeyed these messengers and believed in the existence and oneness of God, while others have persisted in denial. Ever since humans first came into existence they have learned faith in the one and only God, and the moral values of the true religion, by means of our Lord's revelations. Therefore, the evolutionist claim that earliest societies did not believe in the One and Only God is untrue. (Greater detail will be provided on this subject later in this book.)
The Qur'an reveals how, in all periods of history, God has sent messengers to call people to believe and live by religious moral values:
Humanity was a single community. Then God sent out prophets bringing good news and giving warning, and with them He sent down the Book with truth to decide between people regarding their differences. Only those who were given it differed about it, after the clear signs had come to them, envying one another. Then, by His permission, God guided those who believed to the truth of that about which they had differed. God guides whoever He wills to a straight path. (Qur'an, 2:213)
Another verse reveals that a messenger has been sent to every society to warn its members, remind them of the existence and oneness of God, and to call them to abide by religious virtues:
. . . There is no community to which a warner has not come. (Qur'an, 35:24)
Although our Lord has sent people messengers and sacred scriptures, some have fallen into misunderstanding, turned their backs on the virtues of the true religion and adopted deviant superstitious beliefs. Some have developed pagan beliefs and fallen into the perversion of worshipping the earth, stone, wood, the Moon or the Sun, and even so-called evil spirits. Even today, along with believers in the true religion, there are also some who worship fire, the Moon, the Sun or idols made of wood. Some people ascribed partners to our Lord, even though they were fully aware of His existence and uniqueness. Yet still our Lord has sent them messengers, revealed to them the errors they had fallen into, and called on them to abandon their superstitious beliefs and live according to the true religion. And in all periods in history, there have been believers and unbelievers, those with a pure faith and those who have gone down paths of perversion.
Throughout history, believers who have lived with the prophets have enjoyed high-quality lives under very civilized conditions. They lived within a sophisticated social order in the days of the Prophets Noah, Abraham, Joseph, Moses and Solomon (peace be upon them all), just as they do today. In all ages, believers have prayed, fasted, heeded the bounds set by God, and lived clean and lawful lives. Archaeological findings reveal the best, noblest and cleanest standards of living from those possessed by devout believers in God. The prophets and true believers used the finest means available in their times, in a manner appropriate to His approval.
Today there are people with superstitious beliefs who worship idols, just as there were in past ages.
All technological progress in the time of Nimrud was used in the best way by Prophet Abraham (pbuh) and those who believed with him. Technical knowledge in the time of Pharaoh was used in the service of Prophets Joseph, Moses, Aaron (peace be upon them all) and true believers of that time. The high level of technology attained in the fields of architecture, art and communications in the time of Prophet Solomon (pbuh) was employed in the wisest manner. The wealth and magnificence that our Lord bestowed as a blessing on Prophet Solomon (pbuh) inspired awe down the generations.
We must remember that the information and means possessed by those living hundreds of thousands of years ago, and by people alive today, are blessings from God. People who founded civilizations hundreds of thousands of years ago, who created beautiful paintings on cave walls tens of thousands of years ago, who built the pyramids and ziggurats, who constructed giant stone monuments and who constructed great structures on the highest altitudes in Peru did so through God's inspiration and teaching. People who study the sub-atomic particles today, who send shuttles into space and who write computer software do so because God so wills. All the information that human beings have possessed since they were first created is a blessing from God, and every civilization they have founded is equally the work of our Lord.
God created man out of nothing and gives him various tests and blessings throughout his life in this world. Every blessing bestowed is also a test. People who know that the civilization, technology and means they possess are actually all blessings from God give thanks to our Lord, Who increases His blessings on them:
And when your Lord announced: "If you are grateful, I will certainly give you increase . . ." (Qur'an, 14:7)
God causes His devout servants to enjoy pleasant lives both in this world and in the Hereafter. This is revealed in the Qur'an:
Anyone who acts rightly, male or female, being a believer, We will give them a good life and We will recompense them according to the best of what they did. (Qur'an, 16:97)
As a manifestation of this verse, all Muslims throughout history have possessed the finest means of the age they lived in, and have led pleasant lives. Naturally, some have been tested with difficulty and troubles, but this does not suggest that they lived under difficult, primitive conditions and did not live civilized, humane lives. No matter how wealthy, comfortable and advanced their civilizations might have been, those who have denied God and persisted in their denial, who failed to live by proper moral values and brought about corruption on Earth, have always ended up disappointed. In addition, many of them have perhaps enjoyed more advanced technologies than those of present-day societies. This is also revealed in the Qur'an:
Haven't they traveled in the Earth and seen the final fate of those before them? They had greater strength than them and cultivated the land and inhabited it in far greater numbers than they do. Their messengers also came to them with the clear signs. God would never have wronged them; but they wronged themselves. (Qur'an, 30:9)
Pieces Millions Of Years Old That Evolutionists Cannot Account For
This metal sphere is just one of several hundred in one stratum in South Africa that is estimated to date back millions of years. The carefully shaped grooves that they contain cannot be the results of any natural phenomenon. This discovery shows that metal has been used since the very earliest times, and that for millions of years, humans have possessed the technology to make fine grooves in metal.
The 5 June 1852 issue of Scientific American magazine carried a report regarding the discovery of the remains of a metallic vessel some 100,000 years old. This bell-shaped vessel resembled zinc in color, or a composition metal, with a considerable portion of silver. On its surface there were finely worked figures of bouquets or flowers, and vines or wreaths. Evolutionists, who claim that metal was not used in the very earliest periods, can't possibly account for this discovery. Clearly, the people who created this artifact possessed an advanced culture capable of producing metallic compounds and working metal.
According to the theory of evolution, living things evolved through specific stages, from a bacterium down to human beings, taking place in an imaginary sequence lasting millions of years. In this scenario, Man is the last evolved living thing and has completed his development within the last 20,000 years. Yet scientific findings and the fossil record provide not a single piece of evidence that such developments ever took place. In fact, they show that such is not possible.
In 1912, two employees of the Municipal Electric Plant in Thomas, Oklahoma made an astonishing discovery as they were loading coal. They came upon a solid chunk of coal which was too large to use, so one of the employees broke it up. When he did so, he found an iron pot inside it. When it was removed, the outline or mold of the pot could be seen in a piece of the coal. After examining the coal, many experts stated that the pot had to be between 300 and 325 million years old. This finding cannot be accounted for by evolutionists, who maintain that the use of iron began in around 1,200 BCE.
Other findings include tools and decorative objects, once used by human beings, dating back millions of years. Darwinists are quite unable to place in their imaginary evolutionary tree any human beings who lived 50 or even 500 million years ago—a time when they maintain that there were no living things on Earth apart from trilobites. It's of course impossible for them to do so!
God brought human beings into existence with the simple command "Be!" in the same way that He did all other living things.
1. The pestle and mortar pictured here were discovered in 1877 in an ancient river bed under Table Mountain. The river bed is at least 33 million years old, proving that human beings have always lived human lives.
2. This fossilized shoe sole was found in a 213-million-year-old rock. Millions of years ago, people were wearing shoes, and doubtless had clothing, and enjoyed a culinary culture and rich social relationships. The only known photograph of this fossil was published in a New York newspaper in 1922. Discoveries like this, which refute the claim of the evolution of human history, are either concealed or ignored by evolutionists.
3. A shape resembling a human face has been engraved on this 3-million-year-old piece of flint. It's very difficult to make such regular holes in flint, and special metal tools are needed for the purpose. It is impossible for this to have been done under very primitive conditions, of the kind evolutionists suggest.
Therefore, we are just as likely to make discoveries regarding the remains of people who lived 500 million years ago as those of who lived 100 years ago. God, Who created all things out of nothing, can certainly bring into existence any living thing He wills, at whatever period in history He wills. This is of course an easy matter for God, with His infinite might and power. But Darwinists fail to comprehend this truth, which is why they have no explanation to offer for all the proofs of Creation. They have no other solution than to repeat scenarios that have already been undermined by scientific facts. But with every passing day, evidence from excavations being carried out further demolishes the dogma of evolution.
Cultural Accumulation is No Evidence of Any Evolutionary Process
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, by Frans Francken II the Younger, Musee des Beaux-Arts, Quimper, France
Evolutionists maintain that the first human beings were half-ape creatures whose mental and physical characteristics developed over the course of time, that they acquired new abilities, and that civilizations evolved for that reason. According to this claim, based on no scientific evidence whatsoever, our supposed primitive ancestors led animalistic lives, became civilized only after they became human, and registered cultural progress as their mental capacities developed. Fictitious images of primitive Man, with a body entirely covered in fur, or seeking to make fire while squatting under animal skins, walking along the waterside with a freshly killed animal on his shoulder, or seeking to communicate with his peers by gestures and grunting, are false recreations based on this unscientific claim.
The fossil record does not support this fantasy. All scientific findings point to the conclusion that Man was created as Man, out of nothing, and has always lived as human since the first day he was brought into being. Neither do archaeological findings support the evolutionist chronology in any way. Findings from the period when evolutionists claim that humans had only learned to speak show that human beings of the time had kitchens and enjoyed family lives. Decorative objects and raw materials for paint have been found in excavations from times when evolutionists say that humans were still unaware of art. Many examples will be considered in detail in later chapters of this book.
Madonna with Saints, by Giovanni Bellini, Venice, 1505
All these discoveries reveal that humans never endured primitive, animalistic lives. There never was an uncivilized age when all people used only stone and wooden implements. Believers have always led human lifestyles, with clothes, plates, bowls, spoons and forks used in a manner befitting human beings. People have always lived in circumstances, spoken, constructed buildings and produced artworks befitting human beings. There have been doctors, teachers, tailors, engineers, architects and artists, in established social orders. By the inspiration of God, people possessed of reason and good conscience have always made the finest use of the blessings on Earth.
Of course, as technology has advanced and peoples have accumulated knowledge, there have naturally been technological changes. New devices have been developed in line with the prevailing circumstances, scientific discoveries have been made, and cultural changes have occurred. However, the accumulation of knowledge and technological progress made over the course of history do not imply that any evolution took place.
It's perfectly natural for knowledge to keep on accumulating. A person enjoys different levels of learning in primary school, in his high school years and at university. But if someone constantly accumulates knowledge throughout his life, that doesn't mean that he is constantly evolving and progressing by means of random effects. A similar dynamic applies to the life of a society. New discoveries are also made in light of a society's needs, new mechanisms are invented and subsequently improved upon by later generations. Yet this is not a process of evolution.
1. Richard Leakey, The Origin of Humankind (Science Masters Series), New York: BasicBooks, 1994, S. 12.


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Skeptic Check: War of the Worlds
Categories: Earth
Oct 21, 2013
It was the most famous invasion that never happened. But Orson Welles' 1938 "War of the Worlds" broadcast sure sounded convincing as it used news bulletins and eyewitness accounts to describe an existential Martian attack. The public panicked. Or did it? New research says that claims of mass hysteria were overblown.
On the 75th anniversary of the broadcast: How the media manufactured descriptions of a fearful public and why – with our continued fondness for conspiracies – we could be hoodwinked again.
Plus, journalism ethics in the age of social media. Can we tweet "Mars is attacking!" with impunity?
And why we're obsessed with the Red Planet.
- Michael Socolow – Associate professor of communication and journalism at the University of Maine
- Jesse Walker – Senior editor at Reason Magazineand author of The United States of Paranoia: A Conspiracy Theory
- Katy Culver – Assistant professor at the school of journalism and mass communication at the University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Kevin Schindler – Outreach manager at the Lowell Observatory


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Apiti Loop Ride
A great multi-day ride with a few hilly sections, so ideal for people of moderate fitness. Starts in the CBD of Palmerston North City.
This is a stunning ride through some of the Manawatu Region's most stunning countryside. A great way to do this ride is as a multi-day ride. Plan ahead, book into some accommodation and check out some of the hidden treasures of the Region. A great way to experience the local hospitality, this ride won't disappoint. There are a few hilly sections in this ride, so it's recommended for moderate fitness levels.
For food and drink, you can stock up in Ashhurst, or visit the Cheltenham General Store on your way through. Country pubs are a speciality on this route, as well as some delightful cafes. Be sure to take your camera, as you will come across some lookout points with breathtaking views.
Getting there:
Starting at The Square, head down Fitzherbert Avenue, over the bridge and up the hill onto Summerhill Drive. Follow this around to the left and it will become Fitzherbert East Road. You will follow this for approximately 11km, before coming to Napier Road where you need to turn left. Turn right onto Cambridge Avenue, and then turn left into Oxford Street, which becomes Colyton Road. Next, turn right onto Kimbolton Road (State highway 54.) Continue along Kimbolton Road. You will pass through Cheltenham. Keep following Kimbolton Road through Kimbolton, (this becomes Rangiwahia Road, it is still State Highway 54.) Turn right onto Apiti Road. Stay on Apiti Road. Apiti Road will become Oroua Valley Road. This road takes you through to the rural township of Apiti. Through Apiti, continue on Oroua Valley Road until you come to the Pohangina Valley East Road turn off on your right. Turn right into Pohangina Valley East Road and follow it right down for approximately 46km. You will come out at Pohangina Road, where you need to turn left. This road becomes Cambridge Avenue, which puts you back in Ashhurst. From here you can choose to head back through Aokautere or take the shorter route down Napier Road which leads directly to The Square in Palmerston North City.
Along this ride, take in the stunning scenery and country side views. There is a quaint selection of accommodation options, some tucked away, nestled in secluded bush areas and some in the heart of historical towns dotted throughout the route. Make sure you pre-book all your accommodation to avoid disappointment.
- Springvale Gardens
- Makoura Lodge
- Totara Reserve
- Table Flat Farmstay
- Cheltenham Hotel
- Nikau Country Retreat


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Major Area Options (33 hour program)
General Requirements
Specific Requirements
To complete the master of arts degree in English, the student may choose either a thesis or a non-thesis program. The department head will help prepare a plan of study in either program. Both thesis and non-thesis require 33 hours of graduate work. The recommended schedule for graduate work is as follows:
Note: Graduates may take summer courses when available with the understanding that enrollments of fewer hours during the long semesters may affect financial aid.
Comprehensive Exam and Thesis
All students studying for the master of arts in English must satisfactorily complete a written Comprehensive Exam administered each spring. Specific information about the exam (length, scoring, sample questions, etc.) is available in the English office. The reading list for the exam is available in the department office.
In addition to the comprehensive exam, thesis students are required to complete a thesis of 60-80 pages on a research topic and an oral defense of that thesis. In consultation with the department head, the student must select a committee with one chair and one or two second readers. While taking thesis hours, the student is expected to consult with the committee and to make satisfactory progress on the thesis. The final thesis must be formatted according to the thesis handbook for West Texas A&M University, available through the Graduate School. The thesis director will notify the graduate office that the candidate has successfully defended the thesis.
Students must see the department head and file a plan of study before completion of 15 graduate hours.
ENGL 6300 Intro to Graduate Studies
ENGL 6311 Seminar in Technical Communication
ENGL 6094 Individual Study
ENGL 6301 Seminar in Thesis Methods
ENGL 6302 Thesis
ENGL 6310 Seminar in Language Studies
ENGL 6330 Seminar in Literary Genres
ENGL 6331 Seminar in Major Writers
ENGL 6350 Seminar in Cultural Periods
ENGL 6381 Seminar in Theory
ENGL 6392 Seminar in Special Topics


text:
Leigh Service Station Ltd
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- 01702 474206 | 01702 471649
- 1647-1653 London Road, Leigh On Sea, Essex, SS9 2SQ
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Key factsPrint summary
FINANCE AVAILABLE SUBJECT TO STATUS , 6 months warranty, Service history, Excellent bodywork, Black Cloth interior - Excellent Condition, Tyre condition Good, Metallic Silver, 2 owners, OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK, £4,495
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- 201906149000421
- 2009
- 09
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Vehicle summary
|Body style
|Engine size
|1242 cc
|Fuel type
|Number of doors
|Number of seats
|Gearbox type
|CO2 emissions
|133 g/km
|Insurance group
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (miles)
|60000 miles
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (years)
|3 years
|Standard paintwork guarantee
|No details available
Performance & economy
|Fuel consumption (urban)
|No details available
|Fuel consumption (extra urban)
|No details available
|Fuel consumption (combined)
|No details available
|0 - 60 mph
|13.3 seconds
|Top speed
|104 mph
|Engine power
|81 bhp
|Engine torque
|84.09 lbs/ft
|1433 mm
|Height inclusive of roof rails
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|3950 mm
|2489 mm
|1722 mm
|Width including mirrors
|No details available
|Fuel tank capacity
|42 litres
|Minimum kerb weight
|No details available
|Interior features
|Exterior features
|Map Reading Lights/Aesthetic Lighting
|Bumpers - Body Colour
|Quickclear Heated Windscreen
|Rear Wash/Wipe
|Reach and Rake Steering Wheel
|Body Colour Rear Spoiler
|Leather Gearknob
|16in - Alloy Wheels
|Trip Computer
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Golisano Institute awarded $5 million
RIT's Golisano Institute for Sustainability will receive $5 million as part of the Finger Lakes Regional Economic Development Council's funding award. The funds will be used for equipment and test beds for Sustainability Hall. The award to RIT was part of a package of $96.2 million dollars coming to the nine-county region through the Regional Economic Development Council competition, which was recognized with the top award among the three "Best Plans." Prior to the commitment, RIT had been awarded a $13.1 million grant by the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Construction Grant Program in a highly competitive national program, and $10 million in previous funding from the state of New York that was used toward construction of the new facility.


text:
It's another MotorWeek group test, and this time we've got sports sedans. Like yesterday, it's a tough job!
We've got the Acura TL, the Audi A4, the BMW 328i, the Cadillac ATS, the Mercedes C250, and the Volvo S60, all of which are described with nice hyperbole by our friend John Davis.
MotorWeek didn't keep the fun to themselves for this Southern California road test. Nope, they got the guys from Cars.com and USA Today. Ultimately, they don't make the decision on which is best though.
They asked one couple shopping for a car to choose which they preferred. That's how the Volvo placed second and MotorWeek's own champion driver's car, the ATS, didn't make the top three.
MotorWeek Theater is our showcase of some of our favorite classic reviews from public television's finest motoring program. How does this video only have 7,857 views on YouTube? Is it because there's just too much sporty luxury?


text:
Find the perfect size! Click here!
Visit our store in rocklin,california! Click here!
Need a little Help ? Click here!
Pet steps are fast becoming an indispensable aid for concerned owners who value their pets independence. Pet stairs are useful not only for elderly or infirm dogs and cats but also for little creatures that cant reach their favorite places without jumping or human assistance. Also, many owners can no longer help their pets access the bed or sofa.
Our Pet Steps are constructed of untreated plywood and attractive plush cut-pile carpet for long durability and a lasting product that will provide your pet years of enjoyment.
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text:
Florida Manatee
Preserving Manatee Habitat
As Florida's human population increases and waterfront development continues, manatees are losing the habitats they rely on to survive. Development can damage seagrasses (manatees' main food source), degrade water quality and reduce the availability of warm water from natural springs that provide manatees shelter during periods of cold weather. At temperatures below 68 degrees Fahrenheit, the stress of the cold can become dangerous, or even fatal to manatees.
The Problem
Residential and commercial development has reduced the number of natural warm springs that manatees once used to stay warm during the winter. Now, most manatees rely on the warm water outfall that power plants produce. But if plants are shut down, or their equipment fails, manatees would be left in the cold. The survival of Florida's manatees will depend on protecting the natural warm springs that they rely on, and ensuring that they can enjoy those places safely.
How We're Helping
We have advocated for the establishment of more protected areas for manatees, including Three Sisters Spring at Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge and Kings Bay Manatee Refuge, so that manatees can shelter in the warm springs they need and travel to them with reduced threats from speeding watercraft. And we continue to advocate for increased protection and restoration of natural springs so that more manatees can use them to keep warm in winter. Defenders also comments on conservation and management plans for these and other protected areas to ensure that seagrasses remain healthy for manatees.
We are also encouraging agencies and utility companies to develop plans with manatees in mind so that any future change in power plant operations don't endanger these marine mammals.
And lastly, Defenders is working to ensure that manatee critical habitat – that is, the habitat especially protected for manatees under the Endangered Species Act - will be revised to include most the important areas, such as warm water, travel corridors, and food sources. Though the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has determined that revision of manatees' critical habitat is needed, it has not made this revision a priority, so we continue to push for this much-needed step.
You may also be interested in:
Length: 10-12 feet
Weight: 1,500-1,800 lbs
Lifespan: 50-60 years in the wild


text:
On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 10:12 AM, firstname.lastname@example.com <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > Would you really want to change the site color's scheme to high contrast > black and white at only 1000 lux? If Microsoft data are to be believed, I > would set the threshold between 10 000 and 100 000, depending of the screen > brightness and reflectance. > > What do you think? Yes, 1000 lux is far too little. "bright" is supposed to mean "direct sunlight, or similarly bright conditions that make it hard to see things that aren't high-contrast". Based on Wikipedia's lux table <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux>, I'd set "bright" to start around 10k lux. Similarly, "dim" is supposed to mean "dark enough that the light produced by a white background is eye-straining or distracting", so 300 is far too high (given that it's roughly office lighting). I'd have it start at 50 lux or so. ~TJReceived on Thursday, 13 September 2012 17:24:38 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Monday, 23 October 2017 14:53:55 UTC


text:
Open redirect
This article is a stub. You can help OWASP by expanding it or discussing it on its Talk page.
This is a Vulnerability. To view all vulnerabilities, please see the Vulnerability Category page.
Last revision (mm/dd/yy): 03/16/2012
Vulnerabilities Table of Contents
An open redirect is an application that takes a parameter and redirects a user to the parameter value without any validation. This vulnerability is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without realizing it.
Platform All web platforms affected
Risk Factors
The phishing use can be more complex, using complex encoding:
Real redirect: http://www.vulnerable.com/redirect.asp?=http://www.links.com
Faked link: http://www.vulnerable.com/security/advisory/23423487829/../../../redirect.asp%3F%3Dhttp%3A//www.facked.com/advisory/system_failure/password_recovery_system
Related Attacks
Related Vulnerabilities
Related Controls
- To avoid the open redirect vulnerability, parameters of the application script/program must be validated before sending 302 HTTP code (redirect) to the client browser.
The server must have a relation of the authorized redirections (i.e. in a database).
Related Technical Impacts


text:
Mammogram after Mastectomy?
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
I had a nipple-sparing mastectomy last year. Do I need to have mammograms because of the nipple sparing? I have seen reference to this in clinical practice guidelines, but I think they mean if you only had one breast removed.
Kevin R. Fox, MD, Assistant Director, Clinical Affairs and Associate Professor of Hematology/Oncology at the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, responds:
Your assumption is correct. Mammograms serve no purpose after bilateral mastectomy, even with nipple sparing. For you, a good clinical exam and review of your health or any symptoms suffices.
This is not the case for women who only had one breast removed, as they should continue to have mammograms on the remaining breast.


text:
After a strangely jarring conversation with the new hospital chaplain, Abby finds herself taking the elevator upstairs, to the surgical department. Making her way to her husband's office, she waffles outside the door, pacing, stalling.
It's not until she sees one of the surgical nurses casting a curious look in her direction that she knocks softly on the door, then pushes it open. She takes a deep breath, running her fingers through her hair, and lets the door close behind her as she steps into Lee's office.
She begins to speak but has to clear her throat before she tries again. Hey...how's the leg feeling? She approaches her husband slowly, gesturing to his injured leg.
She steps towards him then, wrapping her arms around him, letting her hands explore him instead of her eyes.
He relaxes under her touch, much more comfortable with this sort of admiration. He brings his hands up to brush her hair back from her face. This is turning into a fantastic shower.
She looks up at him, nodding. It is...thank you.
He brushes his lips over her brown, kissing away the drops of water on her skin. I love you.
I love you too. She reaches up to rest her hand at the back of his neck, massaging lightly.
He lets his head fall forward, his forehead rest against her brow. I'll do whatever I can, whatever you need me to do...to help you.
She closes her eyes, nodding slightly against his forehead. I know...
Just needed you to know. And part of him wishes that all she needed was to be held like this.
She nods again, shifting to rest her head on his chest.
He sighs deeply as he holds her, one hand continually sluicing the warm water from her back.
She relaxes against him, wishing they could just stay like this. We could just stay like this...She mumbles.
He smiles sadly at her words then shakes his head. We could...but then things wouldn't change. And they need to.
I know. She pulls away from him, tipping her head back to the water, then wiping her face off. We should get going.
He bites his lip, not liking that she's right. Yeah...
She raises up to kiss him lightly. I'll get better, I promise. Okay?


text:
MPI: Messages, Not Streams
Periodically, new MPI developers get confused about MPI because they're coming from environments where they're used to dealing with streams for inter-process communication: TCP sockets, bi-directional POSIX pipes, etc.
Streams are simple flows of bytes. For example, when you write a 32-byte buffer down a TCP socket, it's just an in-order sequence of bytes. When the receiver actually tries to receive the message, it may receive some, all, or none of those 32 bytes, depending on the receiver's timing.
MPI presents a simpler abstration to applications: the application will receive nothing until it receives an entire incoming message.
Let me explain.
Note that many transports — including both TCP sockets and MPI — have blocking and non-blocking modes.
In blocking mode, both TCP and MPI wait for the entire incoming set of bytes to be received. Hence, in this case, they're both roughly the same.
However, TCP still receives a simple sequence of bytes with an optional receiver-side memory map where to put those bytes. MPI, on the other hand, receives a message. A message is not just an atomic unit (representing some set of bytes); it also has type and memory layout information with it.
Hence, when you tell MPI to receive 37 integers, it actually will deliver 37 integers back to you (not just 37*sizeof(int) bytes). More generally, you can also tell MPI to receive a specific struct type — which may include memory "holes" between members. MPI can even receive an array of those structs.
The different is more pronounced in non-blocking mode. Applications that care about performance typically use non-blocking network modes because the network is usually several orders of magnitude slower than the main CPU. Hence, a best practice is to start a network communication (either a send or a receive), go do other CPU-based
work, and then check for completion of the network communication later.
Streams-based applications (e.g., those using TCP sockets) may not get the entire incoming message in one downcall because not all of the bytes may have been received by the network layer yet. Non-blocking streams-based receiving code may look something like this:
int ret, recvd_so_far = 0; size_t len = 37 * sizeof(int); while (recvd_so_far < len) { ret = read(fd, buf, len); if (recvd_so_far + red < len) { buf += ret; recvd_so_far += ret; /* Do some other work */ } }
In MPI, there's no need to keep attempting to receive new bytes. Instead, an application tells MPI what message to receive, and then can either poll repeatedly or block waiting for completion. So there still may be a loop, but there's no sense of internal accouning of how many bytes have been received (etc.) — the message has either arrived
or it has not. Perhaps something like this:
int flag; MPI_Request request; MPI_Irecv(buf, 37, MPI_INT, ..., &request); do { MPI_Test(&request, &flag, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); if (0 == flag) { /* Do some other work */ } } while (0 == flag);
In short, the main differences between streams and messages are abstraction and convenience. Of course an application can effect message-like semantics over streams — we do this for TCP-based MPI implementations, after all. But the point is that the application shouldn't have to deal with the added accounting and messiness of streams.
From an application's point of view, messages are simpler to handle.
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.
1 Comments
Fab Tillier
I think you hit the nail on the head with "the application shouldn't have to deal with the added accounting and messiness of streams". Note that you could replace "streams" with "shared memory" or "RDMA networking", etc. Those things are messy, and MPI is surprisingly good at hiding the mess while still delivering the performance.


text:
For two years the N900 was my digital camera. With the mobile phone replacing my digital camera I don't have to carry an extra device with me. Besides that my old digicam is broken and thanks to the N900 I didn't have to buy another one.
However, the good old days of the N900 are gone. Can any of Nokia's new phones keep up with the N900 camera-wise?
I'm going to compare the N9, the N950, and the Lumia 800 to the N900. I'm not comparing to the N8, simply because I don't have one, and it's known to be the best camera phone anyway.
The N9 is Nokia's flagship Qt device. It is mostly sold in countries where the Lumia devices are not on sale. Online retailers and some electronics stores sell the N9 in other countries as well. It features a 8 MP camera.
The N950 is not on sale at all. It got cancelled due to unknown reasons before it went on sale in late 2010. It also has a 8 MP camera, but rumour has it that the hardware is actually capable of 12 MP. You only get 8 MP out of it with the software, though.
In my opinion the N950 is not very good as an everyday's phone. It's a developer's device but not a reliable phone.
The Lumia 800 is Nokia's current flagship Windows Phone 7 device. It has stolen the design from the N9 right down to the retail box and its contents. The Lumia 800 and N9 look like twins. I assume both phones have exactly the same camera hardware with 8 MP.
The N900 is the legendary but aging king of Nokia's premium devices. It is a Linux box in your pocket, rather than a mere smartphone. Since the device is quite thick, it actually feels like a digicam in your hands. It is the only device with a movable lens cover. To take a photo, simply open the cover, aim, focus, and shoot. The camera has only 5 MP, but used to be one of the best (if not the best) cameras in mobile phones at its time.
Only the Lumia 800 got a dedicated camera button like the N900. That button is placed well and works with two steps (focus - shoot) just like the N900. During regular one-handed use, however, this button is a little disturbing on the Lumia. It is not as recessed as the other buttons and it breaks the otherwise beautiful design of the phone.
The N9 and N950 both don't have a camera button.
All of these phones use Carl Zeiss optics. So they should all produce good images in theory. The N950 is a little different here, because it bears no Zeiss logo. Only devices with Zeiss optics that passed the Carl Zeiss certification may use the logo. One can only speculate about the N950. Didn't it pass, or has it just never been submitted for certification due to being cancelled before going no sale?
None of these phone cameras can do optical zoom. If you need to zoom a lot, you should consider getting a real digicam.
Let's compare the most common situation: aim, focus, shoot with automatic settings. You can always get a lot more out of the camera if adjusting the various parameters. But for quick pictures you usually won't do that.
My scene for comparison is a look out of a window with the focus being on the traffic sign outside. Some curtain is visible inside the room, and lots of leaves are on the hedge and in the forest outside. So there are quite a lot of fine details to capture for the camera. A little reflection on the window pane makes focussing harder. The lower part of the image is quite dark. Digital cameras tend to produce a lot of grain in these areas.
These are the images taken by N900, N950, N9, and Lumia 800, respectively:
While images on the N900, N9, and N950 are easily accessible, the Lumia posed a problem. USB mass-storage mode or Bluetooth file transfer are not available. So I tried to upload the photo to SkyDrive and download it to my computer. But SkyDrive crippled the image's resolution even when attempting to download the "original image". So I sent the photo via E-Mail to me. This worked, but still, the image was crippled to 2 MP. So if I cannot get an 8 MP photo off the phone, I will compare the 2 MP photo with the others instead. Well done, Microsoft! The photo doesn't show more details in the gallery on the Lumia, either, so I'm wondering if the Lumia does save with a higher resolution than 2 MP at all.
Let's take a look at the traffic sign first. The N900 produces the sharpest result. But with 5 MP, the camera fails to capture the details. The sign is getting quite pixelated. The blurry image and the washed-out colors of the N950 are totally unacceptable.
The Lumia 800 and N9 are about on par. The 8 MP capture the details pretty well, but they're both a bit blurry. The colors are most natural on the N900 and N950. The Lumia is over-saturated.
Next we look at the curtain, which is supposed to be out of focus. None of these images appear to be clearly out of focus, though. The N950 produces a very blurry image. The colors are quite OK, except for the Lumia this time. The N900 and the N9 produce the best images, but the N900 shows more color artifacts. The most color artifacts are visible on the Lumia.
Look at the hedge now. Again, the N950 produces the worst result. The Lumia and N9 are lacking contrast, but the Lumia is slightly better than the N9 here. The N900 even though it only has 5 MP is the clear winner this time.
Now let's prepare for the really shocking results and compare the darker areas. The Lumia produces a very dark area that is too dark, but there is almost no color noise. The other phones produce very noisy images with the N900 being the worst. There is a tint of green in all images except on the Lumia, which is the clear winner this time.
To sum it up, the N950 is the clear loser in this comparison. It does not have and in my opinion does not deserve a Carl Zeiss logo.
Next comes the Lumia 800. While its camera is about on par with the N9, the fact that you cannot easily get your pictures off the phone in full resolution, makes it a bad joke. The colors are a bit over-saturated and generally a bit too dark on the Lumia 800, too.
The N9 scores second place. It has serious trouble under low-light conditions, however.
The N900 has problems under low-light conditions as well, but captures more color detail in general. With some software improvements, the N9 could beat the N900 one day.
Sunday, January 1, 2012
Comparison of Camera Phones
Posted by Martin Grimme at 7:21 AM 4 comments:
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European Commission
Brussels, 27 June 2013
Elements of the political agreement on the European Union's future budget 2014-2020
Article 3a
Global margin for payments
1. Every year, starting in 2015, as part of the technical adjustment referred to in Article 4, the Commission will adjust the payment ceiling for the years 2015-2020 upwards by an amount equivalent to the difference between the executed payments and the MFF payment ceiling of the year n-1.
2. The annual adjustments shall not exceed the following maximum amounts (in 2011 prices) for the years 2018-2020 as compared to the original payment ceiling of the relevant years:
2018: EUR 7 billion
2019: EUR 9 billion
2020: EUR 10 billion
3. Any upward adjustment shall be fully offset by a corresponding reduction of the payment ceiling for year n-1.
Article 9f
Specific flexibility to tackle youth unemployment and strengthen research
Up to EUR 2 543 million1 (in 2011 prices) may be frontloaded in 2014 and 2015, as part of the annual budgetary procedure, for specified policy objectives relating to youth employment, research, ERASMUS in particular for apprenticeships, and SMEs. These amounts shall be fully offset against appropriations within and/or between headings in order to leave unchanged the total annual ceilings for the period 2014-2020 and the total allocation per heading or sub-heading over the period.
Article 9g MFF Regulation
Global margin for growth and employment,
in particular youth employment
1. Margins left available below the MFF ceilings for commitment appropriations for the years 2014-2017 shall constitute a Global MFF margin for commitments, to be made available over and above the ceilings established in the Annex for the years 2016 to 2020 for policy objectives related to growth and employment, in particular youth employment.
2. Each year, as part of the technical adjustment provided for in Article 4, the Commission shall calculate the amount available. The Global margin or part thereof may be mobilised by the budgetary authority in the framework of the budgetary procedure pursuant to Article 314 TFEU.
Aid for the most deprived
In order to maintain the current level of funding for this programme, in addition to the EUR 2.5 billion already agreed, Member States may decide to increase their allocations by up to EUR 1 billion on a voluntary basis.
In the context of this agreement the Council commits to take a formal decision on the first tranche of DAB 2 no later than ECOFIN Council on 9 July 2013.
The Council commits to take all necessary additional steps to ensure that the Union's obligations for 2013 are fully honoured. On the basis of a proposal to be made by the Commission in early autumn on the basis of the latest updated estimates regarding payment appropriations, the Council commits to decide, without delay, on a further draft amending budget to avoid any shortfall in justified payment appropriations.
For more information see also:
SPEECH/13/583 Multiannual Financial Framework: political agreement reached - Statement by President Barroso following his meeting with the President of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz, and Taoiseach Enda Kenny for the Irish Presidency of the Council
Nota: The Institutions agree to use this amount as follows: 2143 million for Youth Employment, 200 million for Horizon 2020, 150 million for Erasmus and 50 million for COSME.
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