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A Brief History Of The People And Parish of Saints
Peter and Paul Church, Strasburg, ND
By Jerry Klein, Jr.
Reprinted with permission from the book, Saints Peter and Paul's Parish: Centennial Book 1889 - 1989, Strasburg, ND, published by the Centennial Committee, Strasburg, ND, 1989.
For additional information about Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church and Strasburg, North Dakota, consult the following sources: 1) Strasburg's Historic Church, North Dakota Horizons, Winter, 1997; 2) As We Reminisce: Strasburg, Emmons County, North Dakota, 1967; 3) Moments to Remember, 1976; 4) Saints Peter and Paul Parish Golden Jubilee Book, 1948; 5) Saints Peter and Paul's Parish Centennial Book 1889 - 1989: Strasburg, North Dakota, 1989.
No history of the People who started the parish of SS. Peter and Paul at Strasburg, North Dakota would be complete without a brief survey of background information. For these hardy pioneers certainly did not appear out of the ground in the spring of 1889. Nor were their German language and customs something new. Their's is an old and fascinating story.
It takes us back in time to the late eighteenth century, and the Rhineland Plain of Central Europe, where their forebears had lived for centuries. Here in the German-speaking French province of Alsace (spelled "Elsass" by the Germans), and the neighboring lands of Baden and the Rheinpfalz, the people had suffered greatly through the French Revolution. The reign of Napoleon, and the wars that accompanied it, took a great toll on these simple village people. While their chief goals in life were to raise their families in peace, farming the land, or working as artisans and tradesmen, their lives were filled instead with social, political, and economic upheaval and oppression.
It was no wonder that when Czar Alexander of Russia issued an invitation, in 1803, to enable farmers and craftsmen to settle the sparsely populated Steppes above the Black Sea, scores of Alsatian families, and families from the closely related neighboring German lands responded to his offer. Despite the fact that French authorities soon forbade out-going migration, the desire to own land under more favorable conditions pushed these hopeful colonists onward. Emigration was halted briefly, due to the military campaigns being waged by Napoleon. But by the year 1808, despite these obstacles, migration continued again.
On the Alsatian side of the Rhine, French officials tried in vain to halt the movement of people. But if the restless Alsatians were forbidden to emigrate through the proper channels, they simply disposed of their property discretely, and slipped out of the country by night, availing themselves of the cover of darkness and paths that were seldom traveled.
Germany did not exist as a unified nation at the time. The peasants of northern Baden and the south Palatinate (Rheinpfalz) weren't much better off than their Alsatian neighbors. In fact, some areas of the south Palatinate had come under French Rule at this time. Weary of war and economic hardship, many sought greener pastures on the Russian Steppe.
And so, families carrying the names of Baumgartner, Voller, Baumann, Keller, Scherr, Welk, Dosch, Hager, Klein, Kramer, Schwab, Wolf, Schneider, Wagner, Gross, Vetter, Feist, Kraft, Schwan, Roehrich, Mastel, Hulm, Burgad, Braunagel, Wald, and many others, said farewell to their friends and families in the ancestral homeland and began the long, nearly two thousand mile journey to South Russia. Along with others from several German states, they vanished into the east, part of a large migration of Germans to Russia. We today can only guess at the heartbreak they must have felt, as they left familiar faces and surroundings for the vast, treeless, empty, and as yet uncultivated Russian Steppe.
The Russian Period
When our forefathers settled in Russia, they were given land that had been won by Russia in a series of conflicts with the Turks. Here they were organized into colonies that were most often religiously homogeneous. Hence, the fact that most of the people that eventually settled around Strasburg, North Dakota were Roman Catholics is no mere coincidence. Their ancestors had been the founders of Catholic villages in Russia before them. The Kurschurgan Colonies near Odessa on the Black Sea were all Catholic, as was eventually the Bessarabian colony of Krasna, and the Crimean Colony of Rosenthal.
In Russia, as in Central Europe, these people all lived in villages and traveled by foot or by wagon to work in the outlying fields. Families owned their homes in heredity, and the Crown Land was owned by each community and allotted to individual households and passed on by heredity. In addition, communal pastureland was held in common.
The Russian authorities were poorly prepared for the arrival of thousands of German immigrants. And as a result, things got off to a rough start in the colonies. Before the settlements were even laid out, many of the settlers died as a result of disease bred in crowded, unhealthy, temporary housing. The first attempts at farming on the virgin Steppe were hampered by a lack of decent farm implements. It took several decades for these hardy people to turn this area of Russia into the breadbasket of Europe. But that's exactly what they helped to achieve. By 1860 the colonies were flourishing and were basically selfªsufficient from a material standpoint. Fertile soil and a good growing climate, combined with much hard work, enabled the Germans in Russia to provide themselves with almost everything they needed to live, from the food on their tables to the wine in their glasses. They became models of industry for their Russian countrymen; and early on, Czar Alexander I was justifiably proud of his German Colonies.
But all was not to remain well for the German-Russians. In 1871 the Russian government took away the privileges that had been enjoyed by them as a condition of their colonizing. Soon their young men were compelled to serve in the Russian Army, and their children were made to learn the Russian language in their schools. Restlessness among the people would have come anyway, for their numbers had increased so dramatically during the decades of colonization in Russia, that they were running out of available land to buy for the establishment of new daughter colonies. But the policy changes instituted by the Russian Czar caused some of these Germans to look across the sea for a better future. America, with its immense plains and the promise of free land in a free country caused many to consider leaving Russia. In the Kutschurgan villages of Strassburg, Kandel, Selz, Baden, Mannheim, and Elsass, in the village of Krasna in nearby Bessarabia, and in Rosenthal of the Crimea, as well as throughout the other German colonies in Russia, a migratory tide was beginning to swell.
Migration to the New World
So in the fall of 1888, five young men, all of them single, arrived in Dakota Territory to scout the land and its prospects. They were to then report back to the German colony of Strassburg, Russia, from which they'd been sent. They came as far as Eureka, which was the nearest railhead at the time, and then made their way across the open prairie to what is now Emmons County, North Dakota. What they found was empty grassland. Not a house or human being as far as the eye could see, except for the lonely farmstead of a Mr. Petrie. He later became a well known businessman of the pioneer era in Linton. But there was plenty of good land for themselves and their kinsmen back in Russia upon which to settle.
These "Kundschafter" (scouts) returned to Eureka with a favorable report. Here they spent the winter, having sent word to their friends and families in Russia, urging them to come to the New World.
Not surprisingly, the surnames of these five scouts are still well represented in the parish of SS. Peter and Paul today. All of them, but one, eventually helped to build the town of Strasburg, North Dakota and lived out their days here. The five were:
Sebastian Bauman who homesteaded northwest of town and married Katharina Kraft. They had ten children, and many of their descendants live in Emmons County today.
Joseph Baumgartner filed for a homestead, and eventually married Katharina Schneider (a different one than Mr. Bauman married of course!). They raised a large family, several of whom are still living, including Mrs. Magdalena Schwab and Mrs. Martha (Swertie) Wagner of Strasburg. The descendants in Emmons County and elsewhere are numerous.
Josef Burgad was also a homesteader. He married Margaretta, a sister of Joseph Baumgartner. They too reared a big family, as did most people in those days around Strasburg. Descendants of the Burgad pioneers are still well represented in the area.
Jacob Feist homesteaded for a while. But his interest soon turned to the mercantile business. He and Egidi Keller started the old Strasburg Bazaar out at the original Tiraspol (called after the Russian town of the same name) site, and moved it in 1902 to the present town site. He and his wife, Barbara Wald, also had a good sized family.
Josef Kraft took up a homestead near Strasburg. In 1902 he moved to Harvey, North Dakota. He was married to Rosina Fischer, the mother of their eight children.
This group of scouts spent the long winter months awaiting the arrival of their kinsmen from the colony of Strassburg. Finally they came in the spring, and the first group stocked their ox-drawn wagons with their worldly belongings and provisions and set out for the north. They arrived in the "Tiraspol" area at about mid-day on May 7, 1889, and that same day began to build the simple earthen huts that would be their first dwellings.
It was not a pretty sight that greeted them on that day. For shortly before their arrival, a prairie fire had roared through this region leaving little behind, but earth and stone. To make matters worse, that first night became quite cold, and a rain storm passed through the area which compelled the travel-weary settlers to pull the boxes from their wagons, turn them upside down, and get under them for shelter from the wet and cold. Today we can scarcely imagine how they felt, huddled together in utter darkness on the cold, charred earth, with the heavens raining down upon them. Surely they must have felt at that moment that God had abandoned them completely; and it would be best to retrace their steps the next day and get back to Russia, where there were homes and friends and warming fires!
But warmer days did come, so these hardy folk could put themselves into the tasks of building sod houses and planting that first small crop, just as their ancestors had on the empty steppe of Russia a few generations earlier. The first crop was poor, and what little flax they could cut was blown away by wind. So they resorted to pulling the rest by hand. The meager crop then had to be carted 50 miles to Eureka, which was the nearest place to buy or sell goods. It was a tedious journey, indeed, over the lonely prairie by ox-drawn wagon. There were no rest stops. Nor was there even a road!
The first settlers came to the Strasburg area in two groups that spring. The first arrived on May 7, and the second somewhat later. The first were the ones that got rain-drenched. That initial group included the following families:
Franz Baumgartner and Margaretta Thomas. Franz was a church organist in Strassburg, Russia; and he was the first to serve in that capacity, when the parish of SS. Peter and Paul was established.
Jakob Baumgartner and Christina Scherr. They farmed their homestead and raised a family. Jakob was a brother to Franz.
Johannes Baumgartner and Margaretta Braunagel. He was known as "der Alte Johannes". They homesteaded and supported a large family. Johannes was an older brother of Franz and Jakob, and the father of Joseph Baumgartner, one of the five scouts sent here from Russia in 1888.
Kaspar Feist and Katharina Feist. They were homesteaders and farmers with a big family. For those who may wonder, Feist was Katharina's maiden name, as well as her married name.
Albinus Schneider and Agatha Voller. Mr. & Mrs. Schneider homesteaded and farmed, moving to town in their later years. They too raised a big family.
The second group, which arrived shortly afterwards, was comprised of these families:
Jakob and Katharina Gefroh. They farmed here until 1902, when they moved to Karlsruhe, North Dakota.
Franz Giesinger and Katharina Lauinger. They took up a homestead and farmed.
Egidi Keller and Agatha Wald. They initially homesteaded. Mr. Keller was one of the founders of the Strasburg Bazaar, and he was the first postmaster at Strasburg.
Peter Kraft and Katharina Wald. Mr. & Mrs. Kraft farmed and raised a family on their homestead.
Lorenz Schwab and Regina Wald. They homesteaded northeast of town. Mr. Schwab was an accordion player in Strasburg's early days. Regina was a sister to Mrs. Egidi Keller and Mrs. Peter Kraft above.
Martin Schwab and Katharina Schneider. They were the parents of Lorenz Schwab, above. In 1902, they moved to the Karlsruhe area where they lived out their days.
These were the first pioneers to come the prairie of what would soon become Strasburg, North Dakota. But they were certainly not the last. As letters were sent back home to Russia, more and more colonists sold their holdings and booked passage for America. The tide of immigrants did not cease until 1914, when the First World War made the journey all but impossible.
Those early settlers lived on the bare edge of survival, because the first two harvest seasons were not at all good. When they had arrived in Dakota Territory, the great teeming herds of buffalo that had once grazed the northern plains, had been wiped out. But many buffalo bones still littered across the prairie. In that early time of desperate poverty, the people would spend all day long, scavenging the countryside for these buffalo bones. They would then haul buffalo bones to Steele or Napoleon, where a wagonload might fetch enough of a price to buy a sack of flour. This was enough to survive on. And for now, meat was only a delicious memory from the past.
The thick-walled adobe block type of construction with which they built their homes had served their forefathers well in Russia. Here too on the prairie, these simple earthen dwellings stayed cool during the hot summer months, and they provided better than average insulation and shelter from the icy wind and chill of winter. With Beaver Creek as the nearest source of wood for burning, the pioneers made good use of a skill they'd learned in Russia. That of forming cattle manure into clean burning bricks of fuel for their stoves. This "Brennmist" served them well in those first years.
A sack of flour, a sack of sugar, and a bag of coffee were the staples of life back then. With a bit of salt, some fresh cream and butter, and whatever vegetables had been grown in that year's garden, the stalwart Hausfrau of the day must use her imagination and culinary skills to create meals that were both tasty and nourishing. Many variations of these earlier recipes are still served in German-Russian homes today. The test of time has vouched for their simple goodness. And the noodle is still king in most Strasburg kitchens!
The Mission Church at Tiraspol
In 1889, not long after the arrival of the first settlers, they were visited by a Benedictine Monk from Conception Abbey, Missouri. He was here serving the Indians at Fort Yates on the west side of the Missouri River. When Father Bernhard Strassmeier heard that this group of German-Russian Catholics had settled in the region, he decided to make the 26 mile journey to visit them and tend to their spiritual needs. Apparently he had difficulty convincing these farm families that he was a priest until he showed them his altar and mass equipment. Thereafter, then on the visiting priests were greeted with deepest respect and reverence. The people would gather from far and wide, kneeling down and kissing the hands of the priests. For to them, the frontier missionaries were consecrated messengers from God who brought the nurturing power of the sacraments with them.
At times, Father Bernhard's brother monk, young Deacon Franz Gerschwyler (who later was ordained a priest), would accompany him on the long journey from Ft. Yates and assist in ministering to the settlement. Since there was as yet no church, mass was held in a private home. Here the good Fathers would look after the spiritual needs of the community, baptizing infants, performing marriages, visiting the sick and aged, and teaching the Word of God.
The first mass was celebrated in the fall of 1889 at the home of Franz Baumgartner. During this time, North Dakota became a state. At such occasions the people would come from all directions. After mass they would have some lunch and make "Maistube", catching up on the local news. As evening approached, they returned to their scattered farmsteads spiritually refreshed. A social people by nature, it must have been hard for them to say good-bye at the end of the day. Life on isolated homesteads was quite different to what they'd known in Russia, where everyone lived in town. Such were the conditions of the Homestead Act, however.
For almost three years, Frs. Bernhard and Franz had been making the trip over from the reservation to minister to the mission of St. John's parish, near Zeeland in McIntosh County, the new fledgling congregation at Strassburg, and another neighboring site of Kutschurgan settlement called Elsass (after the Russian town of that name). The name of "Elsass" was later changed to "Hague" by railroad officials.
When Fr. Henry Schmitz was assigned to St. John's parish in 1889 as the first resident priest there, Strasburg became the mission of that parish. The Benedictine Monks from Fort Yates, Fr. Bernard and Fr. Franz, beyond obligation, continued to visit the Strasburg mission on occasion. However, the congregation was now under the pastorate of Fr. Schmitz, a diocesal priest.
When Fr. Schmitz died in 1892, Fr. Joachim Widmer, a Benedictine Monk from St. Meinrad's Abbey in Indiana, came to St. John's parish. He continued to serve the mission at Strasburg; and he built the first church northeast of the present day city in 1893, with the help of Fr. Bernard and Fr. Franz. The project cost $l,200.00 to build this church, but in those days that was much money. Only by convincing a kind neighbor to loan them $600.00 to get started, were the parishioners able to get the project under way. Peter Miller, who was a financially capable member of the Holy Trinity Parish at Krassna, provided the step-up funds. Most of the settlers at Krassna were Bessarabian Germans. And their lives have been closely linked more in America with the Kutschurganer fammilies of Strasburg. Thus, most people are no longer aware of their different and fascinating backgrounds.
It didn't take long to build the church, and in that same year of 1893 the building was finished. Saints Peter and Paul were chosen as the patrons.
In 1895 Fr. Widmer was replaced at St. John's parish by another monk from St. Meinrad's Abbey, Fr. Stephan Stenger. He continued to serve the mission of SS. Peter and Paul. In January of 1899, Prior Vincent Wehrle sent one of his monks from St. Gall's Priory at Devils Lake to help Fr. Stenger with the Strassburg mission. Father Benedict Peter became the first resident pastor here. He stayed on the Peter Keller farm which was near the church. Plans were that Fr. Benedict would reside with Fr. Widmer at St. John's parish and continue to serve Strassburg as a mission. But on his first visit, he decided that Strassburg should have a resident priest and be established as a full-fledged parish.
This, of course, presented the Strassburg congregation with the task of providing their first priest with his own rectory. They immediately started the project. Fr. Benedict drew the plans for the rectory himself. And once they'd gotten the $700.00 worth of materials at Wishek, 40 miles distant, the parishioners donated the necessary labor to build the house. Fr. Benedict himself supervised the project and served as chief carpenter. He was a multi-talented man. One of his many accomplishments as a priest was to write a catechism for the Lakota Indians in their native language.
Fr. Benedict was recalled on the 6th of January in 1900, and was replaced by Fr. Josef Thuille, also a Benedictine from St. Gall's Priory. He was known for his excellent sermons.
Fr. Thuille left in June of 1903, while Fr. Benedict returned on an interim basis to fill his vacancy for the summer. In September, another monk was sent from Devils Lake. Fr. Justus Schweizer served here until the fall of 1906. Unfortunately, he had to contend with a continuing controversy that had arisen in the parish during his time of service.
The Railroad and the Birth of Strasburg
As yet, there was no town of Strasburg as such. The farms near the church, and the small store run by Jakob Feist and Egidi Keller hardly constituted a town. Strassburg was more of a rural parish. But in the spring of 1902, a spur of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul Railroad was built about 2-1/2 miles southwest of the location of the parish of SS. Peter and Paul. In the fall of that year, the first trains began to run. Jakob Feist and Egidi Keller decided to move their store closer to the railroad. Businesses began to grow in that new location; thus, the town of Strasburg was born. An interesting side note: The spelling for the town was originally "Strassburg" with double "s". The railroad had decided to name this new town Stafford. But the citizens petitioned officials to keep the original name that honored their former home in Russia, which had been named for the old city of Strassburg (or Strasbourg as the French spell it) in Alsace on the Rhine River. The railroad agreed, but somewhere one of the s's was dropped, and today we have the American spelling of "Strasburg".
As the budding town began to grow and prosper, the problem became obvious. Its church was located 2-1/2 miles way! And so a bitter argument began over whether or not the church should be moved to town. Some said yes, and others said no. And soon the parish was torn asunder with contentious quarreling. The Bishop was finally called in to mediate the dispute. And with the authority of the Apostolic Succession, he directed Fr. Schweizer in 1906 to have the church moved to town. As is the case when convictions are deeply held, this did not end the matter. Bad feelings continued on both sides of the issue.
The church was transported safely to its new location. But the rectory did not fare so well. It broke in half as it was pulled across the railroad tracks. There it sat, a graphic parallel to the division in the parish, the two halves, barely connected, one on either side of the rails.At this point a train came along. Seeing no other way around the problem the engineer stopped the train, and then decided he could get through safely. By doing this, he severed the remaining connection. Eventually the pieces were brought to the intended site next to the church, and with a good deal of work the building was put back together again. However, divisions among the parishioners were not so easily healed. And in the fall of 1906 Fr. Schweizer was recalled, leaving Strasburg without a pastor for several months.
During this "cooling off" period, many of the people came to regret their self-destructive arguing. Abbot Vincent Wehrle came to Strasburg from the Abbey at Richardton to hold New Year's Services. He took the opportunity to plead with the people to forgive each other, forget the past, and put an end to strife. He told them that if they would do this, he'd appoint one of his best priests as new pastor at SS. Peter and Paul Parish. Some of the families had already left the parish and joined the new congregation at Rosenthal some miles northeast of Strasburg. But the remaining parishioners were able to bind up their wounds and heal their differences.
Abbot Wehrle was true to his word. And on January 15, 1907, Fr. Alois Strigl, a Benedictine Monk of Assumption Abbey became the new pastor. This good man accomplished much in bringing the community back to unity. Before long he had embarked on the project of building a larger, more durable church for the rapidly growing parish. More families were added as the parish roster continued to swell with new immigrants from Russia, plus the grown up sons and daughters of the original settlers who were beginning to raise families of their own.
The New Church
Fr. Alois wrestled with the vision of a new church, realizing full well that it would be a major undertaking. He put his trust in God and sought the support of the community. This he received, for in spite of their faults, the founders of Strasburg were a deeply religious people and were eager to build a beautiful and lasting house of worship for themselves and their descendants.
Therefore, Abbot Wehrle designated the site for the present church.
Abbot Wehrle and Fr. Schweizer borrowed John Keller's wagon and
horses, and they personally brought in the first
load of rock to be used in the construction of the foundation. Excavation of the basement was begun in September of 1909. By the following spring, work had progressed to the point that the foundation was ready for the laying of the cornerstone.
Now, it was Bishop Vincent Wehrle of the newly formed (3/21/10) Diocese of Bismarck, who returned to Strasburg to bless and lay the cornerstone. It was a proud day in the history of Strasburg parsh. But this progress must have been particularly gratifying for Bishop Wehrle. Born in the village of Berg, in the Canton of St. Gall, Switzerland in 1855, he came to the United States not long after his ordination to the priesthood in 1882. Young Fr. Wehrle came to Dakota territory in 1887 and eventually to Jamestown when the Diocese of North Dakota was established in late 1889. He came to love this part of the country and its people, believing very strongly in the future of the region. In those early days he traveled the prairie on horseback, by ox team, or on foot when necessary, often spending the night under the open sky wrapped in his buffalo robe. There was a time when he was the only active priest in North Dakota between Devils Lake and the Montana state boundry! Fr. Wehrle was here, when the prairies of western North Dakota were tilled for the first time. He established St. Gall's Priory at Devils Lake, and founded Assumption Abbey at Richardton. And in a very special and personal way he was instrumental in the successful establishment of SS. Peter and Paul Parish during those early critical, and formative years. He served as the first Bishop of Bismarck for 29 years, having been appointed to that holy office by Pope Pius X. By the time of his death at the age of nearly 86 years in 1941, he had witnessed the beginning of almost every church institution, hospital, parish, and school in the western diocese of North Dakota. He watched life change from wild frontier to prosperous farm country.
Work on the new church continued to progress rapidly. And by the middle of October, 1910 the outside of the building had nearly been completed. Fr. Alois was recalled to Richardton at this time due to failing health. He was replaced by Fr. Max Speckmaier who began to say mass and hold catechism classes in the church basement in November. Just before Christmas, a frenzy of work was done to install the inner furnishings. Pews, pulpit, communion railing, and the high altar were put up in time for the first mass which was Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve, 1910. The church was nearly filled for this happy and glorious occasion. And on Christmas Day, the crowd was so large that people were heard to comment that the church should have been built about 20 feet longer. Fr. Alois had wanted to build a slightly bigger church initially, and some of the young men of the parish were in favor of spending an additional $1,000.00 to build a higher tower. This would have been in keeping with the original plans drawn up by the architect, Mr. Anton Dohmen of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. But the elders of the congregation feared that if the young men had their way, they'd build another tower of Babel! And so, the church was made shorter and the tower lower. The seating capacity remained at 900. The finished product, as it stands to this day is 128 feet long, 50 feet wide with a 70 foot transept, and has a tower of 85 feet in height.
This beautiful structure remains one of the larger and more ornate churches in the state of North Dakota. And it stands as a fitting symbol of gratitude from a hard©working pioneer people to their God, whom they acknowledged as the provider of all the good things they achieved and enjoyed. The construction of the new church had cost about $45,000.00. By the time of completion, $24,000.00 in debt remained. But this was quickly reduced by the parishioners who were all assessed a special amount, and in addition gave freely and generously to put the finishing touches on the building. Thus, the angels on either side of the high altar were obtained, as well as the lovely stained glass windows, side altars and confessionals ($1,500.00), and various statues. The beautiful pipe organ cost $3,700.00. In time the Stations Of The Cross were purchased for a price of $700.00. A second bell was added to the tower. Two women of the parish each donated $100.00 for the Altar of the Sorrowful Mother in one of the rear side chapels. The Holy Sepulcher was provided in time for the first Holy Week services, because Fr. Max had simply mentioned that it would be well to have one for that special season.
The prices for all of these items and for the construction itself don't seem like much by today's dollar values. But make no mistake about cost. The founding families of SS. Peter and Paul Parish gave these sums, when the dollar bought much more than it does now. These parishioners gave freely, generously, and out of love. The succeeding generations should always remember these good souls in their prayers, and each time they have the privilege of attending mass in this beautiful church.
Big as the new church was, it was not large enough to contain the huge crowd of Christians, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, who came for joyful celebration on June 29, 1911, the feast of Saints Peter and Paul. Bishop Wehrle blessed the new church with a Solemn Pontifical High Mass on that day. A large number of parish children also received the Sacrament of Confirmation on this special occasion.
The Ursulines Come to Strasburg
Children have always been a treasured part of the Strasburg community. And a solid Catholic education was a high priority in the early years of the parish. It had long been the wish of Bishop Wehrle to have some of the Ursuline Sisters come over from Germany to teach at Strasburg. The Ursuline Order had been founded by St. Angela primarily for the education of youth. This was the work in which the sisters under her rule were to specialize. The Bishop's long cherished wish came to fruition when the first three, Sisters Hildegard, Edith, and Philiberta arrived at Linton by train on September 21, 1910, and were driven by horse team to Strasburg. They were welcomed on that rain-soaked evening with thunder and lightening!
Their first quarters were temporary in nature. The Gabriel Marbach family was away in Europe for a year, and had agreed to let the sisters use their home while they were gone. It was from these humble beginnings that the Ursulines started their teaching ministry in the new church basement which had been partitioned into classrooms. This was the only parish school in the area at the time, and the student population grew rapidly. School started that year with 70 students, but by the end of the school year there were 170. The numbers continued to increase.
The curriculum in those days was practical and basic. Classes were taught in English, but there were also courses in the German language, since the daily speech of home and commerce in Strasburg was mostly German. Young girls were taught the practical skills of the day for women, cooking, sewing, and knitting. And of course religious instruction was given to the children, outside of regular school hours.
It soon became apparent that the sisters would require more permanent quarters of their own. Since it was no longer being used, Fr. Max suggested to convert the old church to a home for the sisters. He called a meeting of the parish men on March 12, 1911 to discuss his proposal. They agreed to the concept of turning the old wood frame building over to the sisters. But when he asked who would be willing to donate labor and money to make the interior livable, the silence was deafening! Naturally, these people had already sacrificed greatly toward the construction of the new church. Some were probably simply "tapped out". He asked those to leave who did not wish to help, and his hopes must have dimmed as he watched most of those present get up and quietly walk out of the church basement.
But there was a strong core group of supporters remaining. They soon pledged $l,100.00 and labor to the project. This was strong start. And so, Fr. Max went back to the sisters and struck a bargain. The parish would provide $2,000.00 for the re-modeling, if the sisters themselves would make up the difference needed. At that point the building would become the property of the Ursulines. They agreed, and the work began almost immediately. By the following spring, renovation was finished, and the nuns moved in on April 2, 1912. The parish debt for its share of the project still remained. This troubled Fr. Max, so he called the first church fair ever to be held in the parish. With the proceeds, he was able to cancel the debt. Bishop Wehrle came from Bismarck on June 28, 1912, to bless the house and chapel, dedicating them to St. Anthony.
Because of the continued growth of the community, more and more sisters came to live and teach at Strasburg. There were 19 sisters here at the highest point. But before that, the sisters took in as many as 30 children from the surrounding farming community as boarders during the school year. Twelve dollars per month was the cost for board and tuition at the Ursuline Convent, including laundry and private lessons. And when a child went home for the weekends, the monthly charge was reduced to $10.00. How things have changed! Widespread ownership of automobiles eventually made boarding unnecessary.
Meanwhile, the old rectory didn't appear adequate standing next to the majestic new church. In 1914, the parishioners decided to spend $15,000.00 for building a new rectory. Peter Moser won the contract to build the two story, fourteen room structure, which was to have running water and a steam heating system. Thus the parishioners presented their beloved pastor with a fine, modern home. Only because of the wholesome pride that they had in their parish community, were they so generous.
The Cemetery Is Moved to Town
When the parish purchased a 30 acre parcel of land from the Milwaukee Land Company at the very fair price of $l,700.00, one parishioner gave $500.00, and others gave according to their means. The balance was eventually paid off, mostly from the proceeds of another church fair. This land was used partially for the convent grounds, and also for the new cemetery almost two blocks northwest of the church. The old cemetery on the original church site east of town (known as the Tiraspol Cemetery) was then ordered closed, and the Bishop stipulated that no one else was to be buried there. Most of the remains of those who'd been buried in the old cemetery were eventually re©interred in the new cemetery.
Consecration of the Church and Development of St. Ben's School
Since the church could not be consecrated until it was free of debt, paying off the debt became the next priority. This was accomplished through some legal maneuvering by which the debt was transferred to other church property through the use of a new mortgage. At this time, the only consecrated church in the entire diocese was the monastery church at Richardton. So on June 28, 1916, Bishop Wehrle was again in Strasburg, this time to officiate at the consecration of the church. He was joined by twenty-five priests, Ursuline sisters, and thousands of lay people. This event topped even the blessing of the church five years previous, as the most meaningful and joyful occasion in the history of SS. Peter and Paul Parish.
While the new church was being built, Fr. Max already was formulating ideas about building a separate school facility. By 1913, all eight grades of study were being offered; and the church basement was rapidly becoming inadequate to meet the educational needs of the parish.
Finally by 1917, they were able to begin construction on St. Benedict's School, which took over a year to build and cost about $50,000.00. The people really struggled to achieve this project because they had the debt to contend with, as well as the continual cost of operating a parochial school. It took nearly ten years to cancel the debt.
Fr. Max Speckmaier resigned as pastor as SS. Peter and Paul Parish
in 1918 and moved on to new work as pastor at Glen Ullin, North
Dakota. His place was taken by Fr. Anton Nussbaumer, who, like
his predecessor, was a Benedictine Monk from Assumption Abbey.
Fr. Anton served in Strasburg during the prosperous 1920's and worked hard to reduce the parish debts. After nine years, he too moved on. And in 1927 Fr. Clemence Dimple, a Benedictine Monk of St. John's Abbey in Minnesota came to Strasburg as pastor. But he only stayed a few months, while parishioners became quite attached to him. They would have forcibly kept him here, if possible; but his duties called him elsewhere. In 1927, the first high school seniors graduated from St. Ben's High School. Classes had been attempted in 1920, but were abandoned because there weren't enough students. In 1923 they gave it another try, and this time the program was successful. Those first four graduates in 1927 were: John J. Baumgartner, Jr., Aloysius Kopp, Tillie Lipp, and Math P. Moszer.
In June of 1927, Fr. Augustine Fox, an Assumption Abbey Benedictine Monk, took reins as pastor and served for nearly twenty years. He immediately went to work on the $6,000.00 debt remaining on the school. He was able to erase the debt with the proceeds of a church fair. Now the parish was once again free of debt and could concentrate on some remodeling and repair projects that were becoming necessary as years passed. Father was able to raise nearly $6,000.00 more through another church fair the following year. These funds went toward the purchase of some additional statues, and re-decorating of the church interior.
The years of the Great Depression were devastating to the country. And Strasburg was no different. The "Dirty Thirties" saw many people leave the area in search of work. During this time, the parochial and public schools were combined. The parish itself was in fairly good shape financially, and the people had the strong consolation of their faith through the hard times. Thus, they were able to persevere until better days returned.
The War Years and Beyond
In 1940, Fr. Florian Fairbanks, O.S.B., was sent to assist Fr. Augustine who was no longer able to carry the burden of his pastoral duties alone. He had pastored the congregation through the difficult years of World War II. But his health took a serious turn for the worse after the war. In March of 1947, Fr. Fox formally retired to Assumption Abbey at Richardton. He had completed many years of dedicated service, since leaving his German homeland. He passed to his eternal rest in November, 1947.
Another Benedictine, Fr. Charles Daleiden, became pastor after Fr. Fox was transferred in August of 1947; He was replaced as assistant by Fr. Matthew Fettig, O.S.B. Now that the depression and war years were behind them, the parishioners could address some overdue work that needed to be done on the buildings of this once again thriving parish. Strasburg was fortunate to have the Notre Dame Sisters, who had come to replace the Ursulines in 1942. Ownership of the convent had reverted back to the parish. The Notre Dame nuns also specialize in education. They very capably filled the agenda of the Ursulines at the parish-owned school which was being operated as a "Special Public School". When the financial burden of the parochial school met head on with the depression in 1931, the school was leased to the School District, but continued to be staffed in part by the sisters. This arrangement, which was beneficial to the parish and the community at large continued until 1960. The parish was out of debt, and with the convent and schools functioning fine, some attention could be given to the church building.
In 1948, the poor church mice were displaced when the old wood floor, which had served since 1910, was removed from the church basement and replaced with concrete. This renovation work was done free of charge by the Hagart Construction Company, since being awarded the contract for installing the new sewer system. The ceiling too was ripped out at this time and replaced with "Nuwood". New fluorescent lighting and a fresh paint job by the women of the Marien Verein put on the finishing touches. The basement now had a whole new look.
Also in 1948, Fr. Robert Kruetz, an artist from Assumption Abbey, carefully repainting the altars and statues, plus polishing and replating altar utensils. The rectory also received some improvements, including new insulation to help hold down heating costs.
Fr. Thomas Jundt, O.S.B. continued as pastor in 1948. During his pastorate, the new addition of St. Benedict's High School was completed in 1949. Fr. Fettig continued as his assistant. When Fr. Jundt left in 1952, Fr. Fettig was appointed as pastor, while Fr. Roman Schmidt, O.S.B. was sent as the new assistant.
Since the roof had been repaired in 1948, it was now safe to do some major work on the interior of the church without worrying about the plaster being damaged because of leaks. In 1953 this significant re-decorating was begun in earnest, headed up by Fr. Matthew. The pews and kneelers were removed to make room for the painting scaffolds. And as it had long been felt that the church was too dark and somber-looking, a lighter color scheme was selected for the walls and ceiling, and some additional paintings were added. The view from the scaffolding revealed that the windows were also in serous need of repair. With the pews out, it was an excellent opportunity to do this work too, so approval was given. Also, the communion railing was repaired, and the sanctuary floor was tiled. These improvements cost in excess of $8,100.00. Although some parishioners did not continue the tradition of their forefathers' generous giving, most did, as $6,700.00 was raised. In turn, what had been one of the most beautiful churches in the state was now even lovelier.
Frs. Matthew and Roman were not able to enjoy the new look for long, however. They were both called to other duties in 1954. And although the parishioners tried to keep at least one of them, it was not to be. The Benedictine, Fr. Michael Messer, became the new pastor and remained for about six years. During his pastorate, he had several assistants. Fr. Claude Seeberger, O.S.B., 1954-55; Fr. Stephen Kranz, O.S.B., 1955-56; Fr. Anselm Ruelle, O.S.B., 1956-57; and Fr. Bartholomew Stovik, O.S.B., each served usually a year.
Vatican II, The 1960's To The Present
In 1960 some changes were inevitable. Fr. Michael moved on to a new assignment and was replaced by Fr. Mark Renner, O.S.B. He was joined in 1961 by Fr. Stephen Kranz who had been an assistant here a few years earlier under Fr. Michael. The "Special Public School" status at Strasburg came to an end with the school year of 1960-61. The parish had decided, while Fr. Michael was still here, to return to the status of things as they'd been before the two school systems, public and parochial, were joined in cooperative partnership in 1931. This made necessary the construction of a new school facility adjacent to the old gymnasium by the Strasburg School District. The parish in turn had to build a gymnasium for St. Benedict's High School and grade school children, since the old gymnasium was owned by the Public School District. Much of the labor, money, and machinery needed for this construction was donated by parishioners.
The community now had two thriving school systems. And with a strong economy and plenty of children to educate, even a small community like Strasburg can support two systems, although there had to be sacrifices. Not everyone wanted to see the two school systems split. But people in positions of power at the time felt this decision would be best. In retrospect, the old symbiotic relationship between the parish, and the Public School District worked to everyone's advantage, Catholic and non-Catholic alike. In its place the community eventually had two expensive systems that were increasingly competing for limited funds and students, in a period of economic decline and dwindling enrollment. This produced deep and bitter conflicts within the community, not so much among the students, but between the parents and other adults. No specific examples of the animosity need be given here. Those who have lived through these difficulties know full well how ugly such tension was at times. It's a credit to the people of Strasburg that as a community has adjusted to the realities of changed circumstances, more individuals have found it in their hearts to forgive each other, bury their grudges, and work together toward a better community for everybodys future.
Meanwhile, in 1966, Fr. Peter Goeser, O.S.B. became assistant pastor. Then in 1967, Fr. Roman Schmidt returned to Strasburg, now as pastor, replacing Fr. Mark. For a few months Fr. Peter stayed on as assistant pastor. Later in 1967, he received a fresh assignment.
As it has ever been before, the parishioners continued to have a great love for and pride in their church. When something needed doing, there were always those who came forward with their time, talents, and financial support to complete the challenge. Fr. Roman was perhaps the greatest example in always willing and eager to direct his efforts into whatever work needed to be done.
St. Mary's Society raised the necessary funds to tile the church basement floor and carpet the stairway in 1970. Labor was provided by the Knights of Columbus. By this time, the pioneer building which had been built as the first church in 1893, moved to town in 1906, and converted to a convent for the Ursulines in 1912, was seeing its last days of useful service. In 1972, the parish bought the Mary Lauinger home across the street from the rectory. With some creativity and hard work this well©kept old home was converted to a rectory for Fr. Roman who then had the sisters move into the larger, old rectory next to the church. Several years later, the pioneer church/convent building was sold and dismantled.
In 1966, St. Benedict's High School was consolidated with Linton's St. Anthony's High School. The new school occupied the St. Benedict's campus in Strasburg and was called Emmons Central High School, being used and subsidized by the seven Catholic parishes of Emmons County.
By the late 1970's, the regional economy in general, and the agricultural economy particularly had gone into a slump. As financial burdens became heavier on individual families, more and more of the students at Emmons Central were from Strasburg, and less and less from other parishes. Lower birthrates in the mid to late sixties and beyond were now showing up as lower student enrollments in the schools. This lower enrollment made all schools less efficient. The problem was more acute especially for the parochial school, because its existence depended upon free-will support of church and parishioners, with minimal help from the federal, state, or local governments. Eventually, the monetary burden became infeasible to continue carry, thus with the graduation of the senior class in 1985, Emmons Central closed its doors as the only private high school in the county during the previous 19 years.
In the fall of 1984, Fr. Roman ended his long term of pastral service to the people of SS. Peter and Paul Parish; He retired to the Abbey at Richardton. He had worked tirelessly for this parish and was conscientious to steer a clear course through calm, as well as turbulent, waters during his pastorate. Not only had the Church undergone dramatic change and growth in the wake of Vatican II, but the parish also had to face difficult local issues during those years. Fr. Roman, himself a German-Russian, understood the ethnic temperament of his people and pastored them accordingly.
In some respects, the parish at Strasburg had not kept pace with organizational changes of the Church bishops as liturgy, structure, and current church thinking. When Fr. Jerome Kautzman was sent to Strasburg as Fr. Roman's successor in 1984, one of his tasks was to introduce and explain various changes that Rome and the American Bishops had initiated. One such change was the switch to a conciliar form of parish government to replace the traditional trustee system. This had been mandated for many years by the Church, but not yet implemented at Strasburg. The involvement of lay people in the liturgy was also expanded, as had been encouraged by Rome. Physically, the communion rails were relocated so that the altar was open to the congregants of the church, in keeping with Vatican II guidelines. In 1984, the rectory was also moved back to its original location, while the sisters moved into the former Mary Lauinger home.
When Fr. Jerry came to Strasburg, he invited a friend of his, Dominic Pereira, to help with parish duties here. Dominic, a lively and robust character of Portuguese background, had been running a dining facility to feed the poor and homeless in Northern California. But he accepted the invitation and came to North Dakota. His gregarious and jovial nature endeared him to many parishioners from the start. And his cooking talents were put to good use for a number of benefit occasions in the community.
Whoever said that "you can please all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you can't please all the people all the time", really understood human nature. Because it seems that regardless of who's in leadership position, or is responsible for making decisions, or taking on a task, there's always someone with a different viewpoint or idea about how things should be done. And parish communities are no different. But this is a good thing. Groups and communities need the balance created by differing points of view to avoid becoming unbalanced or "overboard" in any one direction.
Naturally then, when Fr. Jerry made efforts to change some things that he honestly felt needed changing, some people thought, "Great! It's about time." And others thought "This is terrible! He's gone too far." Well, one thing's certain. Nothing ever stays the same on this earth. It never has, and it never will. Change, be it monumental or subtle, is as much a part of life as the law of gravity. Nevertheless, it is often traumatic. When asking people to change, it's crucial to take into account their sensitivities, their concerns, and the pace at which they're able to accept the changes. And there's the difficulty. Everyone's different! There were opinionated differences in those last few years. Rumors were flying. The real issues seemed to center around differences of opinion over possible changes to the interior of the church. Some wanted to move fast, others wanted to proceed slowly, or not at all. People, from all points on the spectrum of opinion had deeply felt convictions. A few, unfortunately, let their emotions carry them away to the point of uncharitable behavior.
This controversy was similar in serious impact to the one over whether or not the church should have been moved into town in 1906. That such disputes take place within a Christian Community is always regrettable. But we are all human beings who fall repeatedly on the road to perfection. It will always be thus. Hopefully we gain a bit of wisdom and understanding with each recovery.
In 1987, Fr. Jerry made the difficult decision to leave Strasburg. He recognized that the best interest of the parish would be served, when the controversies could remain in the past. And he knew that this would best be accomplished under a new pastor. Many in the parish viewed this decision of wisdom with sadness. Fr. Jerry's excellent sermons and his gift for extemporaneous prayer were an asset to the parish.
The Parish Today
But SS. Peter and Paul received an excellent new pastor in the person of Fr. Leonard Eckroth. His kind and gentle ways have done much to calm the storm and heal the wounds of the past in the parish. He is just the right man to direct and spearhead maintenance work that the parishioners have been eager to accomplish to ready the church in top shape for the centennial celebrations of the State of North Dakota and of the Parish community of SS. Peter and Paul, which started with a small group of brave pioneers back in 1889. Also Fr. Leonard is truly a good shepherd for the parish of today.
As we review accomplishments in the parish at the approach to our centennial, we find much to be thankful. Despite these times when there is a critical shortage of priests in our country, even though ours is a small parish, we have a very good resident pastor. There are two sisters teaching at St. Benedicts School which has remained open these many years because of the generosity of many, and in spite of the financial obstacles. Catholic education has always been important in this community. Should the future become impossible to maintain a parochial school, the commitment to solid instruction in the Catholic Christian faith will remain in the C.C.D. Program. Through deep sacrifices of past generations Strasburg today enjoys one of the finest, and more attractive, churches in the Midwest. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as was the Rectory during Fr. Kautzman's pastorate. SS. Peter and Paul Parish church is probably one of the most beautiful and inspiring small parish churches even in the entire country. An outstanding example of the depth of Christian commitment in a German-Russian community, these lively paintings, statues, and ornate architecture capture a dimension of spirituality that is not to be found visually in most of today's modern churches. There's a sense of solidness and permanence in the Catholic Christian Faith, as examplified in the church of SS. Peter and Paul at Strasburg. They give true meaning to the gospel words of Jesus that adorn the arch above the sanctuary in Latin; "Tu es Petrus et super hanc Petram aedificabo Ecclesiam meam." "You are Rock (Peter), and upon this Rock I will build my Church."
A Note to the Reader
As 1989 marks the 100th anniversary of arrival of the first permanent European settlers to what became Strasburg, North Dakota. It is also the 100th birthday of statehood for North Dakota. This history was written to provide the interested reader with some background and facts about the history of the people and parish of SS. Peter and Paul. Every effort has been made to be correct and accurate. However, be forgiving as you read, because mistakes will surely appear despite the best intentions of authors, editors, and printers. For these we sincerely apologize.
Some source materials for this history are the jubilee books from Strasburg for the years 1914, 1948, and 1976,Moments to Remember by Michael M. Miller - 1976, and Paradise On The Steppe and Memories Of The Black Sea Germans, both by Dr. Joseph S. Height. These last two books are available through the Germans from Russia Heritage Society, 1008 E. Central Ave., Bismarck, N.D. 58501
Jerry Klein is the son of Gerald and Florence (Schwab) Klein, both natives of Strasburg. His ancestors and relatives have been intimately involved in the growth and development of SS. Peter and Paul for four generations. He has made the German©Russian culture and people a personal topic of study; He received the Joseph S. Height Memorial Literary Award in 1987 for his paper German-Russian Dance Music In Transition: Strasburg, North Dakota.
For additional information on the Germans from Russia culture and history, review the website of the Germans from Russia Heritage Collection, North Dakota State University Libraries, PO Box 5599, Fargo, ND 58105-5599 - http://library.ndsu.edu/grhc


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13 Greatest Video Game End Credits
Mark Walton presents the 13 finest credit rolls ever to grace the back end of a video game.
Mark Walton presents the 13 finest credit rolls ever to grace the back end of a video game.
We sit down with Greg Lopiccolo and discuss the past, present, and future of Harmonix.
GameSpot AU's Crosshairs takes a quick look at the history of the rhythm game genre and how it got to where it is today
We talk to Corporate VP of Microsoft Game Studios Shane Kim about Gears of War 2, among other things, at the Microsoft Spring Showcase 2008.
Watch this replay of our live, action-packed broadcast of the Guitar Hero III Rock-tacular finals where competitors show off their amazing licks and riffs.
Find out the winners of the awards for Outstanding Achievement in Music during part three of the industry's premier awards show.
Sit back and enjoy the industry's premier awards show, held on February 7, 2008.
We take a look at the latest in eyewear video!
We bring you Day 2 of CES 2008! We get down and dirty with hardware vendors, additional booth tours, and more!
We check out the hottest new TV tech!
Check out this clip shown at CES 2008 detailing Bill Gates' last day at Microsoft.
We visit Nyko for the latest on its 2008 lineup.
We chat a bit with Microsoft about its current and upcoming games, hiccups with the Xbox Live service, and more!
Check out this new clip, featuring Peavey's full-sized, real wood, customizable guitar controllers!
Check out what Microsoft said at its CES 2008 keynote address! Bill Gates plays Guitar Hero 3 with Slash!
Alex Sassoon Coby goes to the UK launch party for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock.
Rock out with Alex Navarro in this video review of Guitar Hero III.
For those about to rock with Guitar Hero III, we salute you.
It's faster and harder; get ready to Rock in Guitar Hero III.
Get ready to rock out with Guitar Hero III.
For those about to rock with Guitar Hero III, we salute you.
Get ready to rock out with Guitar Hero III.
It's faster and harder; get ready to rock in Guitar Hero III.
Check out this presentation for Guitar Hero III on the Wii.
Relive the GameSpot Players' Ball experience all over again.
Check out this special live episode of Button Mashing from the GameSpot Players' Ball in San Francisco.
Check out this demo of Guitar Hero III from the GameSpot Players' Ball.
We chat with the creators of Guitar Hero III about the new guitar peripheral and the game in general.
Are you ready to ROCK?!
Check out this stage demo for Guiter Hero III: Legends of Rock.
Take a look at this exciting new trailer for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock.
Take a look at this GameSpot E3 2007 stage show demo.
GameSpot's Ricardo Torres catches up with SCEA's vice president of marketing, Peter Dille.
GameSpot's Ricardo Torres catches up with Sony Worldwide Studios president Phil Harrison.
RAWWWK!! Guitar Hero returns on the Xbox 360!
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Love balloons are evergreen and simple, yet lovely, pieces which form symbols of love. A love balloon, when gifted to someone, even as a casual gift, is bound to touch their heart. An entire party based on the theme of love balloons is simply wonderful. It will make the party purely romantic and quite enchanting. It might sound funny and pointless, hosting a balloon themed party for adults, but even adults like balloons, specially if they are love balloons.
Organizing an entire party based on the theme of love balloons is not an easy task but it is not impossible either. A lot of planning and effort will be required, but the results that you will get will make all the effort worth it. All the work, from invitation cards to return gifts, needs to be done almost like a normal balloon theme party except for the fact that only small and big love balloons should be used.
You can use various ideas for the invitation cards. Write it on a piece of paper, put it inside a love balloon and inflate it. Send it like that to guests. They will need to burst the balloons to read the rolled piece of invitation paper. You can even have simple cards with a love balloons' background and a line like "I love balloons" or something printed on it in an attractive way along with the invitation.
The decorations is not the difficult part. Go wild using love balloons. Use them everywhere — from the entrance to the party lawn or hall. Use both simple air balloons and helium balloons according to the place where they are suitable. Make an archway out of love balloons. Have them hanging wherever they look good and can be seen. Use heart shaped love balloons of all colors and shades in addition to the common colors like red, white and pink. You can even cut out heart shapes from red colored hard construction paper and put it over tables, on walls etc. But make sure that you do not over do it as it may end up looking gaudy.
You can give a helium filled love balloon along with a memento to guests when they leave. Look for people around your area who give a love balloon delivery for the number of balloons you want. Always keep extra ones with you as they might burst or get blown away any moment.


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Visit the official Encounter website
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|KRDC Desktop Sharing Client - Use this tool to connect your computer to a the desktop of another computer to provide assistance or do work remotely. The serving computer could use e.g. Krfb.
|Screen Images are clickable, which displays the full-size image. You have to use the back-button of you browser to return.
Krdc is one of a pair of KDE programs - Krfb is the other. Krdc lets you log onto another computer remotely; either over a LAN or over the internet. Krfb lets you share your desktop through the local network with another user, probably somebody like the tech downstairs who you want to help you. Sharing your desktop can let her help you figure out something you are having trouble with. You can call the tech on the phone and be talking with her while she assists you. The tech can even "drive" your computer if you decide to let that happen.
Krdc is a client program. It must be matched by a server or "host" program (e.g., Krfb) that is running on another computer. In this explanation, we will use the terms "guest" and "host":
You can refer to the Krfb page to learn more about the Krfb/Krdc process.
This explanation is, therefore, from the perspective of the technician who is going to work remotely as the "guest".
The native protocol of the Krbf/Krdc connection is VNC.
You will note that you, as a guest technician, can provide assistance to many different operating systems because the VNC protocol is widely used for desktop sharing. You are not limited to working with remote host KDE desktops; you can login to Windows and other systems as well.
If you do not successfully connect to the host computer it may mean a mistake in typing the ip address. If the host's firewall is configured to block the needed port, then your connection will also be blocked. The port for the VNC protocol must be opened on the host computer. It may work out for the best if the technician does the initial setup of both computers, after which the host user just needs to click the appropriate sharing option when making the help call.
You can bookmark a connection on the Krdc "guest" to save time with repeat tech help calls. You'll need to enter the new password for each desktop sharing session. But for connections on your LAN or to a remote computer say at a university, your account and password probably won't be changing and you can leave it saved in Kwallet.


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We tend to forget that Martin Luther spent many years as a monk, in the Augustinian cloister in Erfurt, Germany. He had his choice of several different orders he could have joined, but elected to join the "Black Friars," an order known for its particularly stringent ascetic practices. Leaving behind a promising career in the law, he entered the walls of the monastery on July 17, 1505. It was only in the mid-1520s that Luther finally set aside his monk's cowl.
He would later remark, "If anyone could have gained heaven as a monk, then I would indeed have been among them." Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair. He said, "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailor and hangman of my poor soul." (See Kittelson, Luther the Reformer, pp. 53&79).
Reflecting on these years, thirty-two years later as he wrote the Smalcald Articles, Luther here acknowledges the original good intentions for the founding and maintenance of monastic communities: to educate men and women for the good of society and church. "They could produce pastors, preachers, and other ministers for the churches. They could also produce essential personnel for the secular government in cities and countries, as well as well-educate young women for mothers, housekeepers and such."
The last remark about young-women surely was written as Luther reflected on his beloved Katie, a product of the monastic system, where she had received precisely this kind of education, making her a particularly suitable helpmeet for the Reformer.
However, because the monastic institutions had lost sight of their primary and most important purpose, and had become "blasphemous" with all their "humanly invented services regarded as something better than the ordinary Christian life and the offices and callings ordained by God" they should be abandoned and torn down.
This is a key point to consider. Luther puts his finger on the chief evil associated with monastic communities: they had come to be regarded as "something better than the ordinary Christian life." This is what the unique Lutheran emphasis on vocation is all about: it is not in set-apart monasteries, or in liturgical finery, or in monastic rigor that one finds the true Christian life. No, quite the contrary. One serves God best and chiefly in the "ordinary Christian life."
There is a particularly moving and poignant letter by Martin Luther, composed during his time in hiding at the Wartburg Castle, in 1521, after he had been excommunicated and declared a public criminal. He wrote it as the dedication letter for his work Martin Luther's Judgment About Monastic Vows. It was a letter t0 his father, Hans. In the letter Luther describes the conflict between himself and his father when he became a monk over-against his father's wishes. He rejoices in their reconciliation and thanks his father for helping him to see the truly higher commands of God were not to be found in monastic life, but in the "ordinary life" as set forth in the Ten Commandments. He had come to realize that the only aspect of his monastic life that was God-pleasing was that through it God had called him into the ministry of the Word. He thanks God for reconciling him to his father and explains to his father how now, through the ministry of the Word, God is making many more sons for Himself. The letter concludes:
I am sending [you] this book, then, in which you may see by what signs and wonders Christ has absolved me from the monastic vow and granted me such great liberty. Although he has made me the servant of all men, I am, nevertheless, subject to no one except to him alone. He is himself (as they say) my immediate bishop, abbot, prior, lord, father, and teacher; I know no other. Thus I hope that he has taken from you one son in order that he may begin to help the sons of many others through me. You ought not only to endure this willingly, but you ought to rejoice with exceeding joy—and this I am sure is what you will do. What if the pope should slay me or condemn me to the depths of hell! Having once slain me, he will not raise me up again to slay me a second and third time, and now that I have been condemned I have no desire ever to be absolved. I trust that the day is at hand when that kingdom of abomination and perdition will be destroyed. Would that we were worthy to be burned or slain by him before that time, so that our blood might cry out against him all the more and hasten the day of his judgment! But if we are not worthy to bear testimony with our blood, then let us at least pray and implore mercy that we may testify with deed and word that Jesus Christ alone is the Lord our God, who is praised forever. Amen. Farewell in the Lord, my dearest Father, and greet in Christ my mother, your Margaret, and our whole family. (Luther's Works, Vol. 48:336).
Luther's remarks about the good that God brought out of monasticism, in his personal experience, applies as well to monasticism's history in general. Through the monastic orders God preserved the Sacred Scriptures and the Christian faith itself during the darkest days of Europe, when much of culture and learning had collapsed after the fall o the Roman Empire. Even as we must reject and condemn the errors born of monasticism, we must take care to thank God for the blessings and benefits that resulted from the existence of the monasteries, particularly the missionary work conducted throughout Europe in the first millennium.
Encouraging people to seek to live a "higher" Christian life in monastic communities, as Luther says in this article "conflicts with the chief article on redemption through Jesus Christ." How is that? When the Church teaches, or creates the impression, that by observing humanly devised services to God, one is in fact bringing oneself closer to God, making oneself more holy in God's eyes, then the merits of Christ are obscured, clouded and eventually set aside in favor of a focus on the "higher" calling invented by man. This is what monastic communities had become, and still are.
Even to this day in the Roman Church, those who pursue a vocation of full-time service to the Church are known as "religious" as opposed to the laity. Here, and elsewhere in the Lutheran Confessions, monasticism is soundly and roundly criticized and rejected, chiefly because of its threat to the "chief article" — the Gospel of Christ.
Though brief, this article contains a profound insight for the church today, and a challenge. Consider how it is possible to give people the impression that it is when they are doing things at their church that they are serving God in a higher way? There is always lurking about the danger of a "New Monasticism" by which people are made to feel that it is only when they are on the congregation's property, involved in a parish committee or project that the are truly serving God. Thankfully in recent yeas there has been a renewed emphasis on the doctrine of vocation, whereby we are able to see that the entire "ordinary life" of the Christian is service to God. And it is the "ordinary life" of our various callings and stations in life that we are the witnesses to Christ that we are called to be.
Indeed, perhaps the greatest use of this particular article today is to help us understand the high calling each of us has in Christ in our "ordinary life," made new in Christ.


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Brendan MacFarlane
March 29
MASS Design Group
April 10
Nette Compton
April 19
Janice Barnes
April 25
David Lewis
May 1
Watch Stories, Histoires and other lectures on the BAC's Vimeo Channel.
March 29, 2012
Abstract: "Stories are often an aspect that remains untold or hidden behind our projects; yet we feel that they are the reason that gives depth to certain projects, going beyond just what we see. They are often the very motor to projects." - Brendan MacFarlane.
In his lecture, Brendan explains the stories behind his work, how they have developed and gave form and meaning. On Friday, March 30th, MacFarlane held an informal seminar with a group of advanced BAC students on campus. The seminar was an extension of his lecture the previous night, and dug deeper into the fine detail of how the firm's work moved from idea and model to a realized and comprehensive project. Topics of discussion explored the prominent use of color in MacFarlane's work, what part color plays in the designs, and how specific colors are chosen.
Brendan MacFarlane of Jakob + MacFarlane was born in New Zealand, and received his B.Arch degree from the Southern California Institute of Architecture, and his M.Arch degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Jakob + MacFarlane is an architectural firm based in Paris, France. The firms work explores digital technology both as a conceptual consideration and as a means of fabrication, using new materials as a possibility to create a more flexible, responsive and immediate environment.


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THINKING ABOUT JOINING?Download our Pre-joining Fitness booklet and stay one step ahead. TEST YOUR SPEEDAnd see how you improve during your training.
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"To promote, develop and administer the sport of Rugby League at all levels throughout the Royal Navy & Royal Marines".
Royal Navy Rugby League has developed rapidly since its recognition by the Service in 1997 to become probably the fastest growing sport in the Navy today. This area of the RN website is aimed at giving all visitors a flavor of what the sport can offer the men and women who are involved in RNRL as well as keeping followers of the sport up to date with what is happening in the world of Royal Navy Rugby League.


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"True Detective" and "Breaking Bad" produced only eight episodes apiece but, for their ensembles, it's the quality not the quantity that counts. The shows should dominate the Emmys' drama series acting nominations. Here's an early look at the front-runners in the four categories.
Matthew McConaughey, "True Detective"
Bryan Cranston, "Breaking Bad"
Woody Harrelson, "True Detective"
Kevin Spacey, "House of Cards"
Jon Hamm, "Mad Men"
James Spader, "The Blacklist"
Prime contenders: Michael Sheen, "Masters of Sex"; Jeff Daniels, "The Newsroom"; Damian Lewis, "Homeland"; Matthew Rhys, "The Americans"
Bubbling under: Hugh Bonneville, "Downton Abbey"; Hugh Dancy, "Hannibal"; Steve Buscemi, "Boardwalk Empire"
For your consideration: We know everyone has jumped off the "Homeland" bandwagon, but it'd be a shame if voters didn't send Lewis, playing the late, great Nicholas Brody, out in style. Yes, the Venezuela drug house scenes didn't move the needle, but that changed when the action moved to Iran. The man will always have a star on our Emmy memorial wall.
Analysis: Room must be made for the "True Detective" partners, which will probably be bad news for a trio of 2013 nominees — Daniels, Lewis and Bonneville. And while "The Blacklist" doesn't deserve a place among TV's great dramas, it does afford Spader, a three-time Emmy winner, the chance to devour acres of scenery. The question: With Spacey a sure bet to return, is there room enough for a couple of great hams from patently ridiculous shows?
Julianna Margulies, "The Good Wife"
Robin Wright, "House of Cards"
Claire Danes, "Homeland"
Kerry Washington, "Scandal"
Lizzy Caplan, "Masters of Sex"
Elisabeth Moss, "Mad Men"
Prime contenders: Keri Russell, "The Americans"; Vera Farmiga, "Bates Motel"; Michelle Dockery, "Downton Abbey"; Tatiana Maslany, "Orphan Black"
Bubbling under: Connie Britton, "Nashville"; Mariska Hargitay, "Law & Order: SVU"
For your consideration: There was justifiable gnashing of teeth last year when Emmy voters shut out the Cold War spy drama "The Americans." The show was even better this season, with Russell's hard-core Commie turning into one of television's great antiheroes. Hey, somebody has to replace Walter White, right?
Analysis: This is the deepest of all the Emmy acting categories, and come nomination morning, there will be plenty of reasonable cries of "snubbed" surrounding deserving contenders such as Caplan, Russell, Farmiga and Maslany. Who knows? Maybe, like last year, there will be room for seven. It's hard to see either Dockery or Britton returning, which should provide a little wiggle room for some worthy choice. But there's such an embarrassment of riches here, it's impossible to make anything approaching a definitive call. So we'll just go with one of our favorites: Caplan.
Aaron Paul, "Breaking Bad"
Josh Charles, "The Good Wife"
Peter Dinklage, "Game of Thrones"
Dean Norris, "Breaking Bad"
Jon Voight, "Ray Donovan"
Mandy Patinkin, "Homeland"
Prime contenders: Jeffrey Wright, "Boardwalk Empire"; Jim Carter, "Downton Abbey"; Brendan Coyle, "Downton Abbey"; John Slattery, "Mad Men"
Bubbling under: Noah Emmerich, "The Americans"; Mads Mikkelsen, "Hannibal"
For your consideration: How has Norris never been nominated for "Breaking Bad"? Now that it's over, it doesn't seem possible that "Bad's" true hero never received his due, but that will likely change this year (it will, right?) with all the high drama that happened after Hank, sitting on the toilet, discovered Walt's epic betrayal by way of "Leaves of Grass."
Analysis: Last year, the Emmy went to Bobby Cannavale, whose character met an untimely end on "Boardwalk Empire." With the spectacular exits of Charles and Norris, it could be back-to-back years for the dearly departed. The remaining spots will go to past favorites Paul and Dinklage, with the "Downton" gents battling Showtime's finest — Patinkin and Voight — and Wright, one of the bright spots in "Boardwalk's" fourth season. Slattery, based on the "Mad Men" finale alone, also deserves to be in the mix.
Anna Gunn, "Breaking Bad"
Maggie Smith, "Downton Abbey"
Christine Baranski, "The Good Wife"
Emilia Clarke, "Game of Thrones"
Michelle Monaghan, "True Detective"
Joanne Froggatt, "Downton Abbey"
Prime contenders: Bellamy Young, "Scandal"; Christina Hendricks, "Mad Men"; Archie Panjabi, "The Good Wife"
Bubbling under: Lena Headey, "Game of Thrones"; Betsy Brandt, "Breaking Bad"; Monica Potter, "Parenthood"
For your consideration: It's not too late to give Potter the nomination she deserved last year for her fantastic work as the oh-so-relatable mom on "Parenthood." Her character didn't have to battle cancer this year, but Potter delivered plenty of fine, four-hankie moments. (We're tearing up just thinking of that car ride with Max.) Make it right, Emmy voters.
Analysis: Four members of last year's class — Gunn, Smith, Baranski and Clarke — are no-brainer nominees. "Homeland's" Morena Baccarin didn't see much screen time this season, nor did Hendricks in "Mad Men's" truncated seven-episode run. (Though we did love how she handled Bob Benson's proposal.) Their absence will give Froggatt a spot again for her harrowing storyline involving Anna's rape, with the sixth slot likely going to "True Detective's" Monaghan, who more than held her own with the show's celebrated men.


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- Reduced price
Lampshades cupolas
À partir de €20.83 Tax included
Cupola in polyester fibre
The cupola is sold folded with instructions and a balloon to return it to its perfect shape.
This lamp can only be hung. It can't be adapted to our base.
Universal mount provided for hanging (compatible with E27 sockets)
Electrical fitting and bulb not included
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Difference between revisions of "Main Page"
(→Electrochemistry with EChem and Chart)
(→Electrochemistry with EChem and Chart)
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Revision as of 17:28, 29 May 2013
WeDAQ, is a wiki created for discussion about eDAQ products and their uses, including helpful hints, technical notes, and application notes for teaching and research.
If you need help creating or editing content go to the Help page
- 1 Helpful Tips
- 2 Application Notes
- 3 Technical Notes
- 4 Screencast Training Videos
- 4.1 Electrochemistry with EChem and Chart
- 4.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with the Z100
- 4.3 Chart Software
- 4.4 Chromatography with PowerChrom
- 4.5 C4D for Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Electrophoresis
- 4.6 SDx Tethered Membranes
- 4.7 FIA Flow Injection Analysis
- 4.8 Pod-Vu for isoPods
- 5 Minutes of Meetings
Helpful Tips
Cleaning and Polishing Voltammetric Electrodes
Cyclic Voltammetry: Hints and Tips
Application Notes
Plotting the IV Curve of a Solar Cell in EChem Software
Click here for more application notes. You will have to register on the web site but this is FREE.
Technical Notes
Screencast Training Videos
Electrochemistry with EChem and Chart
Check the Performance of the Potentiostat with Potentiostat Maintenance Check
How to Setup the EChem Software for Cyclic Voltammetry
How to Setup the Chart Software for Chronoamperometry
Using the eDAQ Potentiostat in Galvanostat Mode
How to Draw a Baseline and Integrate a Peak in the EChem Software
Overlaying Voltammograms in EChem Software
Computed Functions in EChem for Data Calculations and Smoothing
How to Copy and Paste EChem Data to Other Software
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with the Z100
ZMAN Basic Overview of ZMAN software
ZMAN3 Kramers-Kronig Consistency
Chart Software
Setting up the Software
Digital Outputs and the Event Manager
Timed and Multiple Add to Data Pad
Converting Units
Analysing Data
Marker to Calculate Height of a Peak
Saving, Importing and Exporting Data
Copy and Paste Chart Data to Other Software
Automatically Exporting Chart data into Excel
Open PowerChrom Data in the Chart Software
Chromatography with PowerChrom
Copy and Paste Data to Other Softwares
Open a Chart Data File in PowerChrom Software
C4D for Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Electrophoresis
A Procedure for C4D Analysis in PowerChrom Software
A Procedure for C4D Analysis in Chart Software
The C4D Profiler in PowerChrom Software to Optimise C4D Settings
Using the C4D Detector Software to Control the ER125 C4D Detector
HV Sequencer to Trigger PowerChrom Software in Microchip Electrophoresis
A Procedure for Microchip Electrophoresis with C4D
SDx Tethered Membranes
How to assemble a tethaPlate cartridge
FIA Flow Injection Analysis
Integrate a Peak and Calibration Curve


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A young boy's letter to a soldier serving overseas forever changes lives. Through a series of letters, Jared Marshall and Sgt. Vince Carerra bond over a love of baseball. Jared reveals his loneliness and estrangement from his dad after his parents divorce. When Vince returns home, he meets Jared and his mother, Dana (Lori Loughlin, "90210"). The two begin to fall in love. Complications arise when Vince gets his orders to deploy. Vince and Dana discover that true love can overcome any obstacle.
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- Binding: DVD-Video
- Height: 0.70 inches
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- DVD Region: Region 1


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Wed, 05 Mar 2008
Speed up Windows with... encryption !!?!
I was listening to the Security Now! podcast yesterday, where Steve Gibson talked about the latest release of TrueCrypt. I've had great experiences with TrueCrypt in the past, and Steve seems to have nothing but good things to say about it as well.
The most fascinating thing that he mentioned was that in his benchmarks (which entailed restoring a very fragged XP image, then running a batch script which used ntimer to clock the windows defraggers and vopt), Windows ran significantly *FASTER* when fully-encrypted with TrueCrypt, than without.
So it seems that the TrueCrypt guys have created drivers that not only encrypt/decrypt your data seemlessly on the fly, but are actually quite faster than the default Windows drivers. Amazing.
I haven't tried to reproduce this locally, as I try to avoid firing up my Windows vm guest at all costs. However, I'm interested to hear if anyone else notices this dramatic performance boost that Steve talks about when using TrueCrypt5 in Windows.
posted at: 16:46 | link | | 2 comments


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After decades in the arts world, Ursula von Rydingsvard still thinks big.
Perched on scaffolding above a towering cedar sculpture in her Bushwick studio, she bobs up and down with a graphite pencil, marking lines on individual wooden beams before an assistant tosses them, ready for cutting, to a circular saw below.
It is a process she follows for all her large-scale sculptures, including a 20-foot-high work to be installed in September at the Barclays Center's entrance.
For an internationally recognized artist who has worked in Brooklyn for more than 30 years—she was among the early wave of artists who found space in Williamsburg in the 1970s—the Barclays Center commission holds special meaning. It will be her first outdoor sculpture in Brooklyn.
The sculpture, named "Ona," was constructed first in cedar and now is being cast in bronze at a foundry in upstate New York. The name means "she" or "her" in Polish, the artist's first language.
"There's going to be, I hope, a kind of humanity in it," Ms. von Rydingsvard, 70 years old, said.
The sculptor eschews sketches and renderings, so what the final product will look like remains somewhat of a mystery. Many of her works have roughly textured, puzzle-like surfaces. This sculpture, the artist said, will have a surface that undulates like waves chasing each other in the sea.
Descended from Polish peasant farmers, Ms. von Rydingsvard was born to Polish parents in Deensen, Germany, in 1942. She grew up in a series of postwar refugee camps for displaced Polish people—nine in all. Her work is as much about the labor as it is about the final product, said her dealer, Mary Sabbatino, vice president of Galerie Lelong.
"For her, labor is almost a kind of sanctification," Ms. Sabbatino said.
Ms. von Rydingsvard earned an MFA from Columbia University in 1975, and since then has been recognized with grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Guggenheim Fellowship and induction into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Her sculptures are included in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art and the Brooklyn Museum, among others.
Her large-scale sculptures sell for between $500,000 and $1 million, depending on the materials and the time involved, Ms. Sabbatino said. She is best known for these large-scale works, built from cedar beams.
They typically start the same way: with a shape drawn in chalk on the floor. Working from an image or an idea in her head, the artist starts to build up from that shape, stacking cedar four-by-fours into an intricate structure like a fantastical set of Lincoln Logs.
The cedar is soft and malleable, shipped from a single mill in British Columbia that knows which trees she likes. As her colleagues stack the beams, she marks in pencil the curved edges that her studio assistant, Ruben Muñoz, will cut.
The circular saw is designed to cut wood in straight lines, not to navigate complex curves. So Mr. Muñoz must make many small cuts—"hundreds of nibbles," Ms. von Rydingsvard said.
Her vast studio feels like a friendly cedar mill, with fine sawdust hanging in the air and a resident cat lounging undisturbed on a forklift seat.
Mr. Muñoz said he is awed by the artist's physical stamina. "She is so strong, she is so powerful," he said. "Some days Ursula is so focused on working. The end of the day my back—I go straight to my bed."
The wooden structure, once complete, is disassembled and then painstakingly glued together. For this process, Ona required 3,000 pony clamps. Many of Ms. von Rydingsvard's works remain as cedar sculptures. But Ona is being cast in bronze.
At the Polich Tallix foundry in Rock Tavern, N.Y., fabricators have made molds of the cedar structure in ceramic and in sand bonded with resin. Now they are pouring silicon bronze, a durable alloy heated to about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, into the molds.
David Berliner, COO of Barclays Center developer Forest City Ratner, commissioned the work. He said he hopes the sculpture will be "iconic and exuberant and hopeful," signaling that the arena isn't just a sports venue but a cultural center. Other artworks commissioned by Barclays Center include murals by Brooklyn-based artists Mickalene Thomas and José Parlá.
Ms. von Rydingsvard's work, he said, has a strength and heroicism that should complement the Barclays Center's muscular architecture, and beckon people emerging from the subway at the corner of Atlantic and Flatbush avenues. The 10,000-pound sculpture will stand in front of the arena's main entrance under the so-called oculus, a circular opening in a roof that juts over the plaza. "It will be a meeting place," he said. "I'll meet you by the sculpture."
The Wall Street Journal. 29 April 2013