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High winds change burn ban
Staff writer
Marion Fire Chief Mike Regnier ignited a discussion about changing the parameters of the county's burn ban protocol Monday when he met with county commissioners.
Because of controlled burns that had gotten out of control from Thursday through the weekend, Regnier notified commissioners that the majority of fire chiefs within the county were in favor of a ban. He said dry weather and changing of wind direction has led to many of the recent fires.
Because there are certain times during certain days when fire danger can be higher because of high winds, the National Weather Service issues "red flag fire warnings" to notify the public when there is a chance fires could grow out of control.
The simpler solution commissioners agreed upon would be to not allow burning for 24 hours whenever there was a predicted red flag warning or winds exceeded 20 miles per hour within the county, instead of passing a resolution to implement a burn ban. That way commissioners would not have to call a special meeting just to rescind the ban.
"Then you don't have a burn ban for a week," Commissioner Dan Holub said. "So when you put it on Monday but it rains tomorrow and you have to wait until the next meeting (to rescind the ban) — it's just crazy."
Because the current burn ban resolution has not passed, commissioners proposed to change the resolution to reflect their changes.
"To me it's a day-to-day thing, not a weeklong thing," Chairman Roger Fleming said.
Food vouchers available Monday
Health Department Administrator Diedre Serene informed the commission that her department will give out referral forms for the Marion County Emergency Food Bank from 9 a.m. to noon Monday and April 3 at Valley United Methodist Church in Marion.
She added that Hillsboro Community and St. Luke hospitals' labs would do blood work for patients through Friday. No appointments need to be made and testing costs $20.
Serene also said there were about 50 expected exhibitors for the county health fair this weekend.
Holub speaks
At the conclusion of the meeting, Holub gave a presentation objecting to several tax exemptions made by the state government.
His research showed:
- The loss of county and city revenue sharing and local ad valorem tax reduction cost Marion County more than $5.8 million.
- The county initially missed out on $1.3 million from the Keystone Pipeline property tax exemption, and $3 million for all county taxing entities combined.
- Since 1992, counties in the state lost more than $1.6 billion from tax exemptions and unmade transfers. Marion County lost more than $13.8 million.
- The legislature receives a fiscal note representing all proposed bills' economic impact, so every legislator and the governor already know the effect when a bill passes.
- Bills in consideration for 2014, with regards to mortgage registration fee cancellation, termination of the oil and gas depletion fund, auto taxes, redefining "real" and "personal" property, abolishing the Court of Tax Appeals, and the prohibition of use of tax dollars for lobbying stand to cost counties millions more.
In other business:
- Commissioners passed a resolution for Road and Bridge Superintendent Randy Crawford to place a stop sign at the intersection of 180th and Remington Rds. Commissioners later met with Crawford in a closed session discussing personnel. No action was taken upon return to regular session.
- Transfer Station Director Rollin Schmidt informed commissioners of a weak floor in the east bay of the transfer station, looking for direction. Commissioners were interested in fixing the floor, but wanted to further investigate what is underneath it before taking action.
- Commissioners approved the purchase of a $1,445 Lenovo ThinkPad from CDWG for Planning and Zoning Director Tonya Richards.


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here's an illustration about oxygen and life. how did earth develop the conditions to support life. very interesting article. working with art director craig mackie on this one. the O2 is gouache on yupo with digital for the background.
im practicing my pixacao font for my trip to brazil. hopefully i can understand more about this unique font by seeing it in person. right now it all looks like it done by the same person. but im pretty sure they would say the same thing if they see la tags.


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Huskar, the Sacred Warrior Guide by EozmWednesday, August 6th, 2008
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Skill Build
- Item Build
- Burning Spear and Helm of the Dominator
- Skill Strategy
- Combat Strategy
- Laning
- Farming
- Jungling
- Ganking
- Team Battles
- Replays
- Conclusion
- Change Log
- Credits
1. Introduction
So far, there are two excellent Huskar guide. I'm sure that by the time you read my post, you already read theirs, so I'm guessing that you know the basics on how to play Huskar.
My previous Huskar guide focused on the generality of Huskar, including his stats, skill explanations, early to late game strategies, etc. However, through comparing my guide with the other two guides, I have realized that my guide was too similar to theirs and it was just a simple hybrid which wasn't quite unique. This guide will focus more on the actual strategy section such as laning properly or how to gank/counter-gank, etc.
Due to shifting my focus on the strategies, I will not have many, if not, no images at all in this guide. This guide will also be text heavy. However, if you truly wish to improve your skill on Huskar, do proceed onto the guide. My second aim in this guide is that in the future, Huskar will be chosen more frequently in higher-level games.
If you wish to read a more detailed guide in terms of general Huskar, read Afterburn's Guide to Huskar, the Sacred Warrior. If you wish to see an abridged guide on Huskar, read Complete Idiot's Guide to Sacred Warrior.
2. Skill Build
For complete details about Huskar and his skills, click here.
Level 01 | Burning Spear
Level 02 | Berserker's Blood
Level 03 | Berserker's Blood/Burning Spear
Level 04 | Burning Spear/Berserker's Blood (opposite of level 3)
Level 05 | Berserker's Blood
Level 06 | Burning Spear/Life Break
Level 07 | Berserker's Blood
Level 08 | Burning Spear/Life Break
Level 09 | Inner Vitality/Life Break/Burning Spear (do not take Burning Spear if you took Life Break earlier)
Level 10 | Life Break/Inner Vitality
Level 11 | Life Break
Level 12 | Inner Vitality
Level 13 | Inner Vitality
Level 14 | Inner Vitality
Level 15 | Stats
Level 16 | Life Break
Level 17-25 | Sats
This skill build is for people who loves to play aggressively and enjoys flexibility. Berserker's Blood is maxed out first as the passive bonuses are great! With level 4 Berserker's Blood, Huskar can have +56% attack speed and +56 damage at 58% health. Burning Spear will then be maxed to maximize the Huskar's harassing cability. Some people prefer to take 1 level of Inner Vitality at 4, but I find this entirely useless as it only regenerates around 85 hp including Huskar's natural regeneration. Furthermore, it can only be casted once. I prefer to take extra damage over time than a mere 85 hp regeneretion, since I recommend that you get 3 sets of tangoes. With this build, early game kill will be guranteed as long as you play smart or your allies stun/slow the enemy.
If you plan to jungle, then follow the skill build in the Jungling section.
3. Item Build
In my opinion, Huskar is a very flexible hero. He can either be a ganker, a semi-carry hero, a tank or a hybrid of everything. Therefore, Huskar's item build may vary on personal preference. In terms of orb-effects, the only viable options seem to be lifesteal or corruption. The strategy I will focus on is both Burning Spear and lifesteal as they seem to be the best options for Huskar. The most important items on Huskar is Armlet of Mordiggian and Helm of the Dominator. As long as you get those two items, I don't really mind which item you get for my strategy.
Boots of Speed is a no-brainer. Bracers are gotten in order to keep your health high after you cast your Burning Spear or Life Break since the backfire damage does affect Huskar significantly. Helm of the Dominator is used for dominating creeps for easier kills as well as lifestealing your life back after ganks or when you have to fight a hero who has higher health. Armlet is just a must. It synergizes really well with Huskar. The additional 25 strength will allow his Inner Vitality to heal faster after deactivating the Armlet. Also, the attack speed bonus and damage bonus synergizes really with Huskar's Berserker's Blood. The degeneration can be countered by Inner Vitality or lifesteal.
Alternate/Luxury Item Build
Personally, I prefer Boots of Travel over Power Treads. Boots of Travel will allow you to push/defend more easily as well as give you more mobiliy to farm or gank. Satanic is for higher lifesteal towards late game where you won't have to dominate creeps for kills since there will be more team battles. Assault Curiass is for the armor bonus and negation and the nice attack speed bonus. Very useful for tanking damage and supporing allies with the aura. Get Black King Bar if you get focus fired by nukes and disables. With this item, it is possible to kill an entire team alone! The 3 damage item is up to you. Get Buriza if you want higher lifesteal from the critical. Get Monkey King Bar if there are channelers. Get Radiance if no one has it since it will help in pushes/defences.
Once again, I do not like to post an item build. This is what I typically get, so please do not argue with me about the item builds. I don't really mind what you get, as long as you get Armlet and Helm of the Dominator.
4. Burning Spear and Helm of the Dominator
I have been frequently questioned about maxing Burning Spear when I suggest Helm of the Dominator as core items. Here is the reason why.
When Burning Spear level 1 hits a target 5 times, the additional damage will be 180 damage. However, at level 4, the additional damage is 360. The basic math craft is: 5 x [Burn damage (6, 8, 10, 12)] x 6 (time).
This is excluding the magic reduction and natural/item regeneration. For example, if you hit a target once who has Ring of Health, you will only do 4 additional damage per second or so. However, if you hit the same target twice, you will be able to do around 11 damage per second. And so on. What I'm saying is, 180 (125 for say with magic reduction and natural/item regeneration) is caused by level 1 Burning Spear. However, level 4 Burning Spear will deal around 315 damage when the target is hit 5 times minimum.
Since my item build suggests Helm of the Dominator, you will have a pretty decent disable. Go with troll as ensnare is the easiest disable as it locks the target down for 2.5 seconds and this skill is targeted. Not to mention your own disable: Life Break. Hitting your opponent with Burning Spear constantly until the hero dies is fairly easy. In addition, even if the hero gets away with 200 or so life, the maxed Burning Spear will most likely kill the hero.
Honestly, I rarely find that I have to retreat before actually killing the hero by damage over time, since my enemy just decides to fight me despite the burn damage, meaning that the burn damage can stack easily. Even if my enemy starts to run, I can easily disable them as long as they're not super fast or goes invisible. Who knows, maybe the approximate 209 damage difference caused by maxing Burning Spear can actually get you a kill if your enemy does decide to go invisible or super fast at 200 life. Happened many times in my life!
I will try to get screen shots and matchcraft tables as soon as possible.
5. Skill Strategy
There are so many ways to use Huskar's skills to their max potential. Here are some combination of skills that I'd like to point out. These are just basic skill strategies.
Dominate Disables
Make sure that you dominate neutral creeps with disables. Huskar's only disable is his ultimate, so the dominated creeps are really beneficial for Huskar. Here are some neutral creeps and their abilities.
Centaur – Stun and Endurance Aura. Also can tank damage.
Furblog – Slow which gives 150 damage. Useful in early game. Also can tank damage.
Dark Troll – Ensnare and ability to raise skeleton armies.
Ghost – Frost attack. Very useful throughout entire game
Hellcaster – Very low life, but has purge. Get this guy against self-buffers or summoners.
Alpha Wolf – Not really a disable, but the command aura is nice.
Harass your enemies using Burning Spear. Either manually cast it or auto-cast it. Try not to auto-cast it during early game as it attracts creeps. Note that once you get lifesteal, or any other orb effect, Burning Spear can only take effect if you auto-cast it. Manually casting it will use the item orb such as lifesteal. My point is, once you get lifesteal, you must auto cast to harass.
Notice how Afterburn (Huskar) used Burning Spear to attack his enemy Balanar. After getting hit by some spears, even if he was able to lose Afterburn, the damage over time from the Burning Spear granted Afterburn a kill! This is why I said Huskar loses too much harassing capability without his Burning Spear.
Burn and Blood
As you get damaged, your attack speed and damage will increase. Use it to your advantage! Harass your enemies and let them attack you. Never be afraid to let your blood spill.
Break, Blood and Burn
If you cast your ulti, you will lose life. This will give you bonus in attack speed and lifesteal. Also, the ultimate will provide you with a slow, so auto-cast your Burning Spear and harass them as much as possible.
Afterburn (Huskar) casts Life Break on Lanaya then casts Burning Spear to damage her. With the slow and the damage, along with backfire, Afterburn was able to get a kill because of the burn damage and the increased damage from Berserker's Blood.
Heal/Double Heal
You can either cast your Inner Vitality or just lifesteal. Inner Vitality is Huskar's healing skill which requires mana. The heal is based on the primary stats, so the higher the primary stats, the better the heal. This should be casted on ally tanks or carries, or self for extra safety in team battles. If you want to regenerate really fast, cast Inner Vitality and lifesteal. Don't forget that the regeneration rate will increase when the target's health is below 40% health. In Huskar's case, when he is below 40%, his Berserker's Blood will be at max, so you will regenerate really really fast. Trust me.
In one-on-one combat, try to use this when you reach 40% of health, because if you cast it in the beginning, the enemy realizes your regeneration rate is high, so s/he might just run away. In addition, fighting without Inner Vitality in the beginning in 1 on 1 and dropping your health by 40% means that your opponent will think that he can own you as you only hav such few healths. Furthermore, if more enemies come after a 1 on 1 battle, the faster regen can keep you alive and you can either bait for your allies more safely, or just run away until the target gave up on you or whatever. Sometimes though, it is advisable to cast it in the beginning. I never found any reason to, so I rarely casted it in the beginning of a 1 on 1 fight. Don't forget, if Armlet is on, you will have higher regeneration as Unholy Strength provides +25 strenght!
Golden Rule: Armlet of Mordiggian
This item will provide you +65 damage, +25% attack speed, +25 str, +475hp when activited. When deactivated, it will provide +9 damage, +15% attack speed, +5 armor, +3hp/sec. Always turn this on when you are fighting heroes. Also, this is a great Art of Mindgame tool. Use the 475hp to your advantage. When an enemy with low life is chasing you, use it and kill him! Furthermore, when running away, you can use this to get life boost and run like mad! Again, turn it on in a battle! Always turn it on!
Life Break
This is Huskar's ultimate which will eat away 40% of your enemy's current health. Thus, Huskar cannot kill using this skill as a nuke. This skill provides 50% slow for 5 seconds, which is great as Huskar can harass the enemy while he is slowed. Use it on tank or carries as they are number one priority in team battles. Golden rule is that when you are about to die, you either cast it on green hp hero, or cast it on any hero around you who will not die in next 2 seconds so that your ally/ies can pawn him.
6. Combat Strategy
A good player needs to know the abilities of every heroes in DotA. Also, a good player has good map awareness and know which allies are near you and which enemy heroes are missing. Most importantly, you must have experience. Here are some other imporatant facts which you must drill into your minds when playing Huskar.
Health Management
Always manage your life. Although Huskar is stronger when his life is low, this is only up to 58% of health. Even this might still be dangerous against nukers. Managing your health is as important as farming! Managing your health also means that you determine whether you are still good for one more fight, or whther you should return. Always try to bait for your allies. Don't be a fool though! Manage your health!
Trading Hits
I see so many Huskar players run away when they have low health and are beinga attacked by enemies. That is no way to play Huskar. Never be afraid to trade hits with your enemy when the opportunity arises. Your stack damage from Burning Spear is very signifcant. Enemies will, in most cases, underestimate the burn damage and the Berserker's Blood. The lower your life, the stronger you get. Use it to your advantage. There is no reason why Huskar should be afraid of getting hits! However, be reasonable and manage your health.
In this image, notice how Afterburn (Huskar) has critical health, but still approaches enemy Lich who has Frost Armour and half health. Afterburn stood ground and fought, and the outcome was that Afterburn was richer in experience and gold, while Lich died.
Studying Your Enemy
Know your enemy, his skills and his items. Also watch the way your enemy plays. Does your opponent last hit/deny very well? Does he know when to retreat when you go up to him? Determine the level of his skills. You need to empathize and predict your opponent's movements. Always, constantly check his health, mana and items!
Aptitude, Assurance and Aggression
The three mental A's you need to have. Aptitude. Be smart, and play smart. Know wheter you can fight your opponent. Predict your opponent's move. Assurance. Be confident. Never be a chicken and back away when you can just stand your ground and still make it out a live by the last hit from Burning Spear. Aggression. Be aggressive. Never hesitate to harass when the opportunity arises.
Chasing Your Opponent
If you don't have any disables, try to cancel your animation. If you don't have lifesteal, this is much easier. Just manually cast your Burning Spear on your enemy and click where he will run to directly after Huskar attacks. If you must auto-cast, then as soon as Huskar attacks, click next to the hero or the hero again.
Animation Canceling/Orb Walking
Well the general idea is that when your hero casts a spell, the animation takes place. Once the effect of the spell has occured, there is some delay time from casting, such as backswing. This signifcantly wastes time when chasing or running away. In order to cancel the animation, you must issue another command such as moving or attacking. By doing so, the new command will cancel the delay and perform the new issued command. Orb walking is manually casting your spell that can be auto-casted to not attract creep aggravation.
For Huskar, since he only has an average movement speed, you should cancel the Burning Spear animation. Simply, after Huskar casts his spear, click on the designated location where your opponent will go to. Once he starts moving, click on your target again to cast another Buring Spear. He also has a small delay time after casting Inner Vitality/Life Break/Unholy Strength (from Armlet) and this might change his target. Make sure you click on your target after activting your skills.
Creep Advantage
Usually the case is, if your life is lower than your enemy's, he will get greedy and chase you, regardless of your creeps attacking your enemy. Just try to let him attack you until your creeps arrive. When the creeps arrive, cast Inner Vitality if you have, Life Break your opponent and keep attacking the hero with your creeps using lifesteal. In most cases, you will live and receive +200 gold or so. Don't forget the 3 A's!
Don't forget, Huskar has excellent regeneration. Not only from Inner Vitality but also from lifesteal. Use it properly as stated in the Combo section above.
7. Laning
Huskar is an overall a pretty balanced hero. I believe that he is capable of any lane situation as long as you play correctly. Huskar's main role is harasser and farmer. Huskar does need to farm a bit for his items, such as Armlet of Mordiggian and Helm of the Dominator, etc. Honestly, there are just too many combinations of lane partner/enemy(ies) you can encounter. I can't really cover much on laning. However, whatever the case is, always last hit/deny creeps. Here is the general concept.
1 on 1
This is probably the easiest. Just harass your opponents by manually casting Burning Spear so that you do not attract creeps. You will be able to dominate your lane if your enemy is a melee hero. You might also be out harassed if your enemy is a nuker or long ranged harasser such as Silencer, Enchantress, Leshrac, etc.
1 on 2
This might be tough or it could be really easy. If the lane is double nuker and double stunner, either ask for lane switch or lane partner as you will be out harassed. If the enemies are both melees, it will be much easier as you can just harass both. I cannot really cover much detail on this as there are too many combinations of heroes. Just basically play safe, smart and know when to harass. Watch your opponents and determine whether they have good cooperation or not. If they are very uncoordinated, the case usually is that you will be able to dominate your lane.
2 on 2 or 2 on 1
This is like 1 on 1 lane except you have an ally. Again, watch your opponents' cooperation. Try to go for a kill if your ally is a disabler. Coordinate properly with your ally and try to go for a kill!
Afterburn (Huskar) was harassing Lanaya at level 1 using Burning Spear. She was forced to stay away from the creeps, making her unable to farm. This is why Huskar's Burn is such a great skill early game to establish lane control.
8. Farming
Basically, there are three ways Huskar can farm.
Creep Killing
The general concept is that Huskar can farm better with lower life as Berserker's Blood will increase his attack speed and damage, giving him better ability to farm. Huskar's attack animation is nice and his base attack time is quite low as well. Make sure you can dominate your lane so that you can farm more easily.
Hero Killing
Hero killing isn't really considered "farming" but I just included it here as killing heroes give you gold. Try to kill heroes as much as possible to get money for your items. But always work within limits! Don't go killstealing without permission!
Neutral Creep Killing
I only do this when dominating creeps and killing the creeps that I have attracted or just simply getting my life back. However, if you decide to go jungling, then this will be your main early game farming method. See below to learn how to Jungle with Huskar.
9. Jungling
With the permission and help from Sonicspear and Xenterex, I have included a Jungling Section. I personally don't do this, but if you really enjoy jungling, then go ahead. This requires a different Skill Build though, but still follows the Item Build recommended.
Assuming that your ally buys a chicken for the team, buy 3 Circlets of Nobility in the start. Creep pull the camp at x:45 and x:15. If you have any spare time, you can either kill the easy camp, or attack the hard camp. Sonicspear advises that you go for the easy camp unti level 3. In 15 minutes, you should be able to have 4 Bracers and Boots of Speed. Also, because of Huskar's Berserker's Blood, he is capable of taking the hard camps from lower level.
Here is the recommended Skill Build for Jungling Huskar.
Level 01 | Berserker's Blood
Level 02 | Inner Vitality
Level 03 | Berserker's Blood
Level 04 | Inner Vitality
Level 05 | Berserker's Blood
Level 06 | Life Break/Inner Vitality
Level 07 | Berserker's Blood
Level 08 | Inner Vitality
And so on. Raise Burning Spear when you decide to start ganking heroes. Sonicspear and I both agree that with this, you should follow the recommended Item Build suggested, which includes Helm of the Dominator as lifesteal is needed.
Here is a replay to help you by Sonicspear. Sonicspear_Huskar_Jungle.w3g ( 67.67k )
This is a replay by Xenterex, with normal mode. Huskar_Xenterex1.w3g ( 76.3k )
10. Ganking
Huskar is capable of solo ganking hero from level 1 due to his stackable orb-skill which. However, I suggest you farm your items up first before you go for hero kills. Also, use domination to your advantage. I see so many people in pubs get Helm of the Dominator and never dominate creeps. Disables are your friends! Huskar doesn't have disables until level 6 or whenever you decide to get Life Steal.
Determining the Role
Huskar can have many different roles depending on his item build. He can either be a tank, a carry, a ganker, a supporter, or everything! This might depend on your allies and enemies. Just know which role you are going to be and adjust to that.
Before Ganks
Know your hero and know your enemy. Check his items, levels, skills he raised, health, mana. Those are the must. Also, see which hero is up against you. If he is a nuker, just play with aptitude. It's always great to have allies such as dominated creep or actual ally!
During Ganks
As I have stated previously in the Combos and Combat Strategy sections, just trade hits and be smart. Predict your opponents movements. Heal yourself if you need to. Know which orb you want to use. Aptitude, assurance and aggression are the mental keys to your victory. Don't forget, stupidity is not aptitude!
After Ganks
If there are enemy heroes missing, then either go back to the fountain if you have critical life or go near your ally for safety and/or Double Heal yourself. Mostly, the enemy heroes are coming to get you with greed. Now if it is one hero that is gone, and you know you can fight again, then do so. Enemy heroes will underestimate Huskar's regeneration and will regret it.
11. Team Battles
Team Battles occur during big pushes, usually in the middle lane. Here are some helpful tips.
Determining the Role
Just like above. Huskar can have many different roles depending on his item build. He can either be a tank, a carry, a ganker, a supporter, or everything! This might depend on your allies and enemies. Just know which role you are going to be and adjust to that.
Before Team Battles
Know the roles of the enemies. Decide which hero to take out first. Just like ganking, know your opponents' items, skills, health, mana, levels, etc. These are crucial as knowing these can affect your battle significantly. If there is tank or carry, know when to cast Inner Vitality before engaging. If this is unnecessary, save it for later.
During Team Battles
You will mainly use Life Break during this stage in order to take out either the carry or the tank. Most of the time, the carry will have BKB on, so either save it until it finishes or cast it on a different hero. Make sure that you take out the pesky carriers before you shift focus on anyone else. Don't forget aptitutde, assurance and aggression!
After Team Battles
Heal your allies and heal yourself by lifestealing. Keep pushing and know when to return. If all enemies are alive and most of your enemies have regenerated, then stay. The cooldown time also affects them as much as they affect your teammates'. It is advisable that you push as much as possible before retreating.
12. Replays
The English spoken is quite different as I played Malaysians (I'm Korean).
The replay might not showcase my strategy, as I have hard time playing good games.
I was finally able to play an okay game. It had many noobish deaths. Check it out! Garena_Huskar.w3g ( 824.16k )
Here's a 1.22 patch replay by ha107642 using my playstyle. I haven't been able to obtain 1.22 patch as of yet. I'll upload his replay. n1huskar.w3g ( 465.84k )
13. Conclusion
To me, Huskar is a very fun hero to play with. He isn't your typical strength hero, nor is he your typical troll. He is the only troll with self confidence issues. If you wish to play well, you need good teammates who has great general knowledge of the game and knows what they are doing.
The main reason why I have changed my guide was because I wanted my Huskar guide to be focused more on the strategy. Many people tend to have this thing with not reading the "strategy" section of many guides as they are very dull and boring and doesn't outline specific strategies. I hope that my guide helped you. However, if you disagree with my playstyle, then that's fine with me. Don't forget, this is my strategy. I strongly encourage you to try your own strategies and create different ways of playing this great hero.
I'm not sure if this quote exists in the world. Someone else probably said it, but this is why I thought of while writing this new guide. Practice makes Permanent. Keep practicing, but you'll never be perfect, which is why you will practice forever. However, the skills you have obtained through your effort will be permanent. All you need to do is drill in the concepts in your mind and practice! I hope you enjoyed reading my text-heavy, image-less guide and still learned something out of it. Comments and feedbacks please! Thank you!
14. Change Log
5/25/2008 – Guide Finished
5/27/2008 – Edited Item Justification part along with the In-Depth Skill and Item Strategy, Inner Vitality part.
5/30/2008 – Edited In-Depth Skill section and added new replay!
5/31/2008 – Rewrote entire guide to shift focus on strategies more than anything else.
6/01/2008 – Changed text colors and re-formatted table of contents. Erased Enemies section.
6/02/2008 – Added Jungling section.
6/05/2008 – Added Burning Spear and Helm of the Dominator section.
6/07/2008 – Edited Laning section. Added Animation Canceling in Combat Strategy. Edited Conclusion.
6/18/2008 – Edited Animation Canceling/Orb Walking section in Combat Strategy section.
6/24/2008 – Added screen shots with permission from Afterburn.
7/06/2008 – Due to popular demand, added my Item Build.
7/26/2008 – Added a 1.22 replay that was played by ha107642. Many thanks to him.
15. Credits
All my friends for disliking Huskar which made me use him lol.
Kalorful for writing Complete Idiot's Guide to Sacred Warrior.
Afterburn for writing Afterburn's Guide to Huskar, the Sacred Warrior.
Afterburn, again, for providing me with screen shots.
Sonicspear and Xenterex for providing the Jungling section.
ha107642 for providing replay for 1.22 patch.
Gotank for the first actual in-depth criticism.
Jthy for moving the guide to appropriate location and adding my guide to list of complete guides.
All the people who read this guide and commented on it.


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Expressive Arts TherapyName: Expressive Arts TherapyDate: October 3, 2018Time: 10:00 AM - 12:30 PM PDTWebsite: http://www.maringeneral.org/cihw-newEvent Description:Expressive Arts Therapy integrates art, movement, guided imagery, writing, reflection, and meditation to support your personal journey. This interactive class provides a creative outlet to help transform various feelings and emotions. Through creative expression, you will draw on the wisdom of your body and imagination to access your inner healing abilities.
What are the benefits?
• Increased emotional and physical well-being
• Renewed self-confidence and sense of hope
• Enhanced self-discovery, insight, and sense of empowerment
• Development of new coping skills for stress relief
No previous art experience is necessary. All art supplies are provided.


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The children of baby boomers score low on financial literacy tests, but they have one thing right when it comes to money: More young adults in the workforce are saving for retirement than any generation that came before them.
The amounts they are putting in funds are still low, so it's no guarantee of success. To be sure, the new generation of savers faces a challenge in building a nest egg when investing choices are bleak: Do they go with risky stocks or super-low bond yields? Is there any other choice?
Increasingly, they are going back to their parents with questions about savings plans. When they do, it's creating a familiar dilemma for many baby boomers—another potential "Don't do what I did, do what I say" situation like bad grades and partying.
What should parents say? "It's difficult," says economist Anthony Webb of The Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. "Young people should not be made to feel bad if they are not doing enough for their retirement. Nobody wants another lecture."
He says some of the popular literature on the topic is often not very helpful and worse, misleading, with either get-rich-quick schemes or homespun myths from the old school—sometimes both in the same package.
"These people write books saying if you just cut out a cup of coffee a day and invest it in the stock market, you can make millions over the years. First of all, it's not true. Second, it's up to individuals to make their own priorities," says the British-born economist. "And it's impertinent of me to say coffee is less important than something else."
Financial literacy overrated. Experts also say it's not clear exactly how much financial knowledge younger savers actually have. Webb does not put much stock in those financial literacy tests, either, since they often focus on arcane issues that have little bearing on the basics of saving money. "For most of us, it's a matter of following simple rules to save money and get advice," Webb says.
When young adults do ask parents for their two cents on saving, they often do so with a heavy dose of skepticism, says Lisa Szykman, associate professor at William & Mary School of Business, who has run focus-group research exploring young adults' personal finance behavior. They are likely to filter out stories that sound too facile, or just too parental. Support and encouragement in the right measure, however, could be the right tactic, she says.
"The good thing is that they are putting away money, and that's positive. But they are already feeling like it's never going to be enough," says Szykman. "They are getting discouraged, and those who lost savings in the market in recent years feel like it was a bait-and-switch."
White lies and real saving. At the root of the skepticism is the pervasive view among young people that they will never get the breaks of previous generations. In some cases, they will mistrust parents whom they feel squandered opportunities in boom times, she says, while others from wealthier upbringings may think their family's good life is hopelessly out of reach.
Doug Lockwood, a financial planner at Hefty Wealth Partners in Auburn, Ind., says he is having many more conversations with clients lately about young people saving money—although mostly these involve affluent parents expressing their fears over how their grown children will get by in more trying times. Few clients of firms like Hefty are in the under-35 demographic, Lockwood concedes. The bulge bracket is largely a baby-boomer-and-older phenomenon. Or as Webb puts it, boomers are "the python that swallowed the pig," metaphorically speaking.
"The conversation right now is reflective of the times," says Lockwood. "People want to see their kids save more and have less debt. But what young people are seeing with their parents is the product of the great boom of the 1980s and the 1990s and they can't see how they can get it. They want to have the same things. But they do not see the sacrifices that their parents made to get there."
When it comes to parents giving advice, there are good reasons for skepticism. An International Journal of Psychology study released last month found that 84 percent of U.S. parents lie to children get them to do the right thing, especially when it comes to food and money. But experts say "white lies" will not help when it comes to advising grown children on managing savings. Szykman says her research has found that young adults don't know about money but won't accept tall tales. They are "the most media-savvy and skeptical generation ever and they are skilled at getting at the truth," she says.
Fortunately for boomer parents, step one—saving money—has already been taken care of in some cases. New U.S. regulations are pushing retirement plans toward setting up automatic enrollments. So the decision on whether save at least something will often have been made by employers.
"When it's an opt-out [automatic-enrollment plan], it is more like a benefit, and they are more likely to stick with it," Szykman says. "Young people are already so overloaded with information, it's just one more overload if they have to think about getting out, and that means they are more likely to stay put for a while."
Census Bureau statistics show that the percentage of under-35 participation in savings plans is already twice the level of the 1990s, and experts expect it to be higher still with the new auto-enrollment of workplace savings. Experts expect auto-enrollment to boost savings even as young people faces huge challenges in paying back $1 trillion in college debt and finding solid footing in a difficult workplace.
One piece of smart advice parents can offer. Another change in retirement plans is that many more are starting to offer Roth-style workplace savings plans. For young people, the Roths are almost a "no-brainer," financial experts say, and parents can offer it as a smart idea that can help maximize early saving. Roths allow savings to grow tax-free and are not taxed at withdrawal time. Traditional savings plans allow tax-free contributions but savings are taxed as normal income at withdrawal.
"This is especially good for young people in lower tax brackets who don't need the deduction as much right now," says Lockwood. "They can really capture the full benefit of long-term savings plans."
And with the first step completed by auto-enrollment, parents can step back from dispensing stern warnings about the life of ruin that non-savers face.
"People are afraid already," says Webb, facing, as they are, a difficult economy and a tough workplace. "The trouble is that fear is not a call to action. Fear is a justification for hunkering down and doing nothing."
With high-achieving millennials, Lockwood suggests another subtle tactic to help to jar the competitive instinct that already got kids through college, or put them into the workforce, which is no small feat. "You can let them know the reality," says Lockwood. "If you don't start early putting saving funds into your spending priorities, you are going to have a hard time later catching up to everyone else."


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Rob, Thank you for your help. The study materials were very helpful. I was able to pass the exam on my first attempt. Thanks again. Dayle L.-R., LMFT
Dayle L.-R., LMFT
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Family Solutions has been helping thousands of MFT's become LMFT's since 1992, the year of the AMFTRB licensing exams' inception. Family Solutions offers real support designed to augment your previous training into a personalized approach to pass the exam. We work with you, tailoring our resources and support to what you actually need to pass the exam. Here is a small sampling of the ongoing feedback we receive on a regular basis.
George T., LMFT, Texas 01/08/2019
Just wanted to let you know I took the MFT exam last month and scored a 175. No doubt your prep materials were instrumental in my excellent score! I used the "green book," the model worksheets, and MFT Glossary. With those and a few practice exams I felt confident going in and was able to think through the questions in ways that assured I picked the best answers.
George T., LMFT
Jessie D., LMFT, Massachusetts 12/17/2018
Thank you so much for having a great program! Using the independent study guide, big Study Guide, cds and practice exams I was able to pass my LMFT exam on the first try, and by a very comfortable margin! Phenomenal, comprehensive and well-organized prep material that I would recommend to ANYONE taking their licensure exam!
Jessie D., LMFT
C. Clow, LMFT, Florida 12/07/2017
I used your materials over the Summer to study for the exam and passed with ease. Thank you so much for the help.
C. Clow, LMFT
Rochelle R., LMFT, Florida 11/17/2017
Rochelle R., LMFT
Tameka M., LMFT, North Carolina 11/09/2017
Good morning Rob! I've been so busy I forgot to tell you that I passed my exam on the first try back in July! I just sent my application for licensure in last week here in North Carolina. The board meets next week and will be notifying us the end of the month about approvals! I'm so excited!
Thanks for all that you do to help students to pass the exam. Your videos helped tremendously!!!
Have a great day!
Tameka M., LMFT
Margarete J., LMFT, Ontario 08/10/2017
Just got my results today. I passed with a score of 175. YAY.. I am so glad that is over!!
In retrospect, the best thing the Family Solutions' materials offers is a thorough overview of the material. I found the actual exam was more focused on practical applications which would include research and DSM type questions. I came out of the exam having no idea how well I did, so I was very pleased when I got my score. I really took my time answering the questions. I also practiced with the 100 item tests (at least 5 times) and the 200 item test (5 times). I felt taking the 200 item test helped me get used to the endurance aspect of the actual exam, though the actual exam took nearly the 4 hours allotted.
Margarete J., LMFT
Mailen P., LMFT, New Jersey 08/10/2017
Just took the exam on July 15th 2017 and I passed after studying weekends for two months. I used the study guide book provided here and the 100 and 200 question practice exam until I was getting 90's and up. With that being said, make sure you can read a case and immediately know what exact diagnoses to provide ( don't think that's depression, but know what type, etc.) the actual exam had a lot of those questions. I'm very excited I couldn't have done it without the help from here. :)
Mailen P., LMFT
Vanessa V., LMFT, Puerto Rico 08/10/2017
I received my results today. I passed. Hallelujah!
Vanessa V., LMFT
Nancy P., MA, LMFT, Connecticut 08/07/2017
Hi Rob,
I just wanted to thank you again for extending my test banks, I got notice over the weekend that I Passed! Your system was very helpful.
Best Regards,
Nancy P., MA, LMFT
Kenyatta P., LMFT, Texas 08/03/2017
This post has been well overdue, as I needed a month to recoup...Lol. Any who, I took the MFT exam on June 24, 2017. I received my test results in mail on July 13, 2017. I PASSED!!!!!!!! Thanks :-)
Kenyatta P., LMFT
Christine L., LMFT, Arizona 06/24/2017
I passsed the exam on 4/21/17.
Thank you.
Christine L., LMFT
Virginia C., LMFT, Colorado 06/17/2017
I passed!!!
Thanks, Rob
Virginia C., LMFT
Vicky W., LMFT , Hawaii 06/11/2017
Hi Rob,
Thank you for your guidance, and answering my multiple questions from Hawaii. I'm happy to say I passed the national MFT exam on my first attempt! Your resources and guidance were extremely helpful (DVD, CD's, green book. practice exams) in trying to find my way through the exhaustive amount of information to retain. I also enjoyed the mini courses in Crisis Management, HIPAA, and Outcome Research.
When I steered off course and started using a California based national website that caused me to spiral downward due to repetitive failed practice exams, your advice in focusing back on Family Solutions' materials, the major theories, DSM-5, ethics, statistics, and HIPAA proved invaluable. And then I went back to FSI's practice exams, and got my confidence back by scoring in the high 90's, which eventually lead to a passing MFT exam grade.
Vicky W., LMFT
Stephanie B., LMFT, Texas 05/24/2017
Hi All,
I wasn't sure immediately how to leave feedback but wanted to thank you all for the program you've put together. I passed my exam on the first attempt with a 176, passing starting at 144. The study guide, practice tests and other resources in the eStudy program were the perfect choice for me and the 90 days I had to study. I'm waiting on the Texas Board to get back in touch with me, but it's all smooth sailing from here thanks to your program!
Thank you,
Stephanie B., LMFT
Mary B., LMFT, Nevada 04/03/2017
I passed the test the first time around - yay! I am now licensed in California (30 years +) and now in Nevada!
Thanks for all the great testing material. I have recommended your company to others.
Mary B., LMFT
Maxine P., LMFT, New York - 04/09/2016
Hi Rob,
Just wanted to tell you I took the exam in January and got an 84.
However, I was not confident when I left the test. I should have done more study on dsm diagnosis as well as ethics.
Can't complain though under the circumstances. :)
I enjoyed your study materials and it has led me to read more about Erickson and Haley, in particular.
Wouldn't mind finding some additional training in strategic therapy and hypnotherapy.
Thank you so much for helping me pass the test.
Maxine P., LMFT


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Are you gay? Are you a nigger? If you answered "yes" to both of these questions, then GNAA might be exactly what you're looking for!
Mar 17 2006: GNAA Announces launch of JewsDidWTC.com
Jan 20 2006: GNAA Announces Full Cybermilitary Support of the German Government
Dec 31 2005: GNAA announces 2005 a successGNAA Troll Library
GNAA News
Here you will find latest GNAA news and various trolling and crapflooding activities.GNAA Announces OneNigger Suite of Collaborative Trolling Utilities
GNAA Announces Immediate Release of OSX_x86_YHBT
GNAA Congratulates the Debian Project on the Release of Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 "Sarge"
GNAA Announces victory over Wikipedia
GNAA in the press
Apple Bets Farm on Heterosexual Computing - GNAA Members Offended (June 2005)


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Sennelier is pleased to introduce the newest evolution of its watercolor line. Continuing its traditional color palette used by French Impressionist painters, Sennelier has now expanded the Sennelier Artists' Watercolor line to 98 colors to include more rich darks.
Color Swatches created using heavy application/diluted application and were applied on cold press watercolor paper (150 lb) material.
nickel azomethine yellow
Nickel Azo Yellow is a transparent, moderately staining yellow pigment with high tinting strength. It is considered a good color match in botanical and landscape painting for natural gamboge (NY24), a historic yellow pigment with fair to poor lightfastness.
Nickel azomethine yellow has excellent lightfastness.
Nickel azo yellow pigment is mildly toxic, and is often labeled as hazardous. Avoid respiratory and skin exposure to pigment dust. It should be disposed of properly with other hazardous wastes, not washed down the sink. However, the contribution of artist pigments to levels of nickel metal complexes in the environment is almost insignificant. Nickel is often present in the environment naturally. Nickel is used heavily in steelmaking, and in many industrial processes and products.
Nickel azomethine yellow has been developed as an artist pigment becasue it is a close match for gamboge, a historic yellow.
Gamboge Hue, New Gamboge.
iron(III)-oxide, hydrated
Fe2O3 • H2O
Yellow Ochre provides artists with earthtones from cream to brown. It has good hiding power, produces a quick drying paint, and can be safely mixed with other pigments. Its transparency varies widely from opaque shades to more transparent ones, which are valued for their use as glazes. If gypsum is present, Yellow Ochre is not suitable for frescoing. (See Brown Ochre, PY43.) PY42 is made from synthetic iron oxides. PY43 is made from natural iron oxide.
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Chamois, Iron Yellow, Mars Orange, Mars Yellow, Minette, Ochre, Sil, Yellow Earth, Yellow Oxide. Varieties of Yellow Ochre include Brown Ochre, Flesh Ochre, Roman Ochre, Spruce Ochre, and Transparent Gold Ochre.
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Description:PC Board: Multi-Server UPS Card for R6000 UPSPart Number(s)
Option Part# 123508-B21
Overview:The Multi-Server UPS Card seamlessly integrates into your Compaq UPS through an option slot available on the back of your Compaq UPS. The Multi-Server UPS Card facilitates direct communication with your critical servers (up to three servers) via individual serial communication ports preventing the need to purchase additional UPSs to support each server. The Compaq Multi-Server UPS Card is intelligently managed through Compaq Power Management Software. With the Compaq Multi-Server UPS Card each load segment functions as a separate UPS with individual shutdown schedules and load segment configurations. In addition the Compaq Multi-Server UPS Card enables system administrators the flexibility to manage multiple platforms with one Compaq UPS. If the network is down the Compaq Multi-Server UPS Card can still conduct prioritized shutdowns.


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Are you ready to party!? Well, then you have come to the right place because it's time again for another Party Time Tuesday!
The Challenge:
Christmas in July!!
The Sponsors:
Crafty Sentiments
Digi Garden
Viva Décor
Martha Pineda
The Inspiration:
I used a little tag shaped cardbase and some MME paper to set of my Digi Garden Image. The flowers are by Martha Pineda at Created by Martha!
Thanks for stopping by! Have a great week!
Keep it royal people!


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Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid is unabashed as he makes a serious, unsubstantiated claim about Mitt Romney: that the Republican candidate for president did not pay any taxes for 10 years. That, the Nevada senator says, is why Mr. Romney will not release tax returns beyond those he has already made public, his 2010 return and an estimate for 2011.
Senator Reid, in fact, is so certain he's doing the right thing that he repeated his charge on the floor of the Senate Thursday night, and put it out in a statement. Reid's assertion first appeared in a Huffington Post interview published on July 31. He said that about a month ago, he got a call from an investor in Romney's former company, Bain Capital, who claimed that Romney did not pay taxes for 10 years.
"Now, do I know that that's true? Well, I'm not certain," Reid told HuffPo. "But obviously he can't release those tax returns. How would it look?"
In his Thursday evening statement, Reid repeated his charge, citing "an extremely credible source," but again did not name the source.
To anyone concerned about the state of political discourse, Reid's charge is cause for alarm.
"It's another example of our political leaders not backing up allegations about the opposite party or another candidate with the facts," says Carolyn Lukensmeyer, executive director of the National Institute for Civil Discourse at the University of Arizona, Tucson. "The American public is really disgusted, and from some polls we've done, even ashamed of our national leaders' inability to solve problems."
And it's not that Republicans are angels. "We could easily be having this conversation about some statement from a leader in the other party tearing down [President] Obama," Ms. Lukensmeyer says.
The likely upshot, she says, is that Americans become further alienated from the political process and just don't vote.
But the campaigns are not in the business of driving up turnout in the name of civic participation. They just want one more vote than the opposition. If Reid's tactic is perceived to be successful – Romney's image remains poor and he loses in November – then chances are voters will be treated to more of same in the future.
Still, political analysts warn that Reid and the Democrats have to be cautious.
"People like a fair game in certain ways," says Julian Zelizer, a professor of history and public policy at Princeton University. "If there's a perception that this is about innuendo, rumor, and character assassination, it can backfire."
He cites Republican attacks on President Clinton in the 1990s, including impeachment, which ended up backfiring on the Republicans.
But Reid is a wily political operator – he almost miraculously won reelection in 2010 despite low job approval – so Romney & Co. can't dismiss him lightly. In replying to Reid's charge in an interview Thursday on Fox News, Romney showed rare pique in saying that Reid needs to "put up or shut up" with his allegations.
Some Democrats are giving Reid the benefit of the doubt.
"We know Harry Reid is one tough old boxer," says Peter Fenn, a Democratic communications strategist. "And you know, he's not letting up. He clearly thinks he's onto something here, or he wouldn't be doing it."
Watchdogs on political discourse aren't buying it. Without the evidence, they say, Reid should stop what some are calling McCarthy-esque tactics.
"What he said would not be admissible in court as evidence," Kathleen Hall Jamieson, director of the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg Public Policy Center, told McClatchy Newspapers.
But in the court of politics, anything goes, it seems. Ever since Romney released some of his taxes in January – revealing that he had paid an effective rate of 13.9 percent in 2010, and also that he had accounts in Switzerland and the Cayman Islands – he has been dogged by requests for more. So far, nothing illegal has emerged from Romney's financial disclosures. And it could be legally possible for him to have paid no tax in some years.
Romney's spokeswoman, Andrea Saul, has denied that there was any year in which Romney paid zero in taxes. In July, Romney told the National Review he did not want to release more returns because he was "simply not enthusiastic about giving [the Obama campaign] hundreds or thousands of more pages to pick through, distort, and lie about."
Romney's late father, former Michigan Gov. George Romney, began the tradition of presidential candidates releasing tax returns, when he put forth 12 years' worth in 1968. President Obama has released his tax returns back to 2000. In 2008, Republican nominee John McCain released only two years of returns. But he did not face pressure to release more, likely because he was running as a longtime senator and Vietnam War hero, not on a record in business.
Reid himself has not publicly released his tax returns, but his office says he is not required. He's not running for president.


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Some new experiments trying to help more people emigrate from the Philippines
This page in:
One of my favorite papers in recent years is work by Gharad Bryan, Shyamal Chowdhury and Musfiq Mobarak who show that a very simple intervention – essentially buying a $8.50 bus ticket – has very large effects in terms of getting people to seasonally migrate in Bangladesh and do better as a result during the hungry season. The question is whether we can also spur international migration?
Unilateral facilitation in the Philippines
In a new paper co-authored with Emily Beam and Dean Yang, we report on several years of experiments that try to facilitate more international migration from the Philippines. The Philippines is well-known around the world for its efforts in bilateral facilitation of migration. The government has signed a number of bilateral migration arrangements with different countries, which, coupled with a well-regulated private recruiting industry, has resulted in an annual deployment of about 2 million Filipinos to practically every country in the world.
Yet the Philippines population is 97 million, with a labor force of about 42 million – so even in the Philippines, more than 95% of the labor force isn't working abroad despite the fact that per-capita income is only US$2,600 (US$4,400 in PPP terms). When asked in the Gallup World Poll, 51.1% of surveyed Filipinos aged 15 and older say they would like to work abroad if they had the opportunity. What prevents more people emigrating?
We worked in Sorsogon, a province that sends relatively few migrants overseas, to experimentally test a number of different interventions designed to overcome different potential constraints to migration:
- Information about how to apply: Details of the typical overseas costs; the steps needed to apply for work abroad; an advertisement to enroll in Pilijobs.org, an overseas job-finding website designed as part of this project; and a list of ways to avoid illegal recruitment.
- Information about how to finance migration: Details of the typical placement fees for work abroad and a list of Manila-based financial companies that provide loans for placement fees
- Job-matching and website assistance: We worked with several Manila-based recruitment agencies to develop and set up a jobs website on which applicants could match with recruiters and helped people enroll on this website.
- Passport assistance: We learned partway through that recruiting agencies prioritized applicants with passports, and that it was surprisingly time-consuming to get a passport – so we fully subsidized the costs of obtaining a passport and provided staff assistance to navigate the process for this treatment group.
You can lead a horse to water…
Our key results are:
- Demand for migration is much lower than income differences would suggest – only 34% of our sample say at baseline they are interested in working abroad, and only 5% of the control group search for work abroad over a period of more than 2 years (see figure below).
- While many individuals lack information about wages and costs of work abroad, giving this information doesn't have much impact. This relates to a previous post I did on the illusion of information campaigns.
- Alleviating frictions in matching and documentation barriers leads to more search effort, but no more migration: Individuals who got all information and the website assistance were three times as likely to search for work abroad, but only 0.8% of them actually migrated; our full assistance package led to 21% searching for work abroad, and also positive impacts on job-interview invitations, interview attendance, and job offer receipt – but still led to no overall increase in migration in the end.
Figure 1: Reported Interest in Migration, Search Effort, and Migration by Treatment Status
What's going on, and what next for policy?
Substantial fractions of those induced to search for overseas jobs by our treatments appear to be screened out by those on the demand side of the migrant labor market – recruitment agencies and the ultimate overseas employers. But our results also suggest that demand for international migration on the part of developing-country residents is likely to be overstated – those induced by an intervention to receive actual job offers commonly reject those offers in the end.
Taken together, these results suggest far more than a bus ticket is needed to spur international migration, and that even in a context like the Philippines, where there is a lot of supplementary supporting infrastructure to help migration in place, unilateral facilitation efforts on the part of developing countries may have limited impacts. The challenge then is how to spur demand for more migrants, and investigating policies that attempt to do this appears to be an important area for research, especially given the enormous development gains possible through international migration.
Join the Conversation
If people who actually receive job offers commonly reject them, doesn't revealed preference suggest the experienced gains to migration aren't as large as your priors suggest? Obviously the income gains are high, but maybe they don't outweigh the cost of being away from family, the risk of being exploited or being unsuccessful, or some other administrative costs that you haven't thought to measure. If given all the information, people have the opportunity to migrate and choose not to, it's not so obvious that the goal of policy should be to get them to migrate.
I agree we need to understand better what the true gains are - but also what the constraints are - our research shows there are a number of barriers which impede search activity, and that labor demand is a big issue - the paper details the reasons why people turned down jobs, and it is a mix of reasons.
Really interesting insights.
"The challenge then is how to spur demand for more migrants, and investigating policies that attempt to do this appears to be an important area for research, especially given the enormous development gains possible through international migration."
Specifically in relation to further research, are you talking about demand from employers in receiving countries? Or the demand from developing country citizens to emigrate? Or both?
Big fan of your work - the empirical work with John Gibson about development impacts in the Pacific from seasonal workers in New Zealand in particular is fascinating.
Thanks Henry. I am referring to demand from employers in receiving countries - other work with Dean Yang and Caroline Theoharides on migration from the Philippines shows how supply of migrants exceeds demand for migrants due to wage levels being higher than the market-clearing levels http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEC/Resources/MTY-Text-Revision_2-FI…
I have really benefitted from your work and Prof Dean Yang's articles as well. The figures I recall point to a global shortage in health sector. If we focus on specifics like healthcare do you consider that supply still exceeds demand for migrants?


text:
Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM
Holdings: Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 2006)-present
Search for journal articles in PubMed@USC
Search the USC Health Sciences Libraries catalog for print & electronic books, journals & databases
Search for recommended resources on different topics.
Search for information on the Norris Library website
Holdings: Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 2006)-present


text:
The executive vice president and chief financial officer of Diebold is leaving, the company announced Wednesday morning.
Another top-level executive is leaving Diebold.
In its third quarter earnings report issued Wednesday morning, Diebold announced that Bradley C. Richardson will step down as executive vice president and chief financial officer. No reason for his departure was stated in the company's press release.
Beginning next Wednesday, Christopher A. Chapman, vice president for global finance, will serve as the company's principal financial officer on an interim basis. Diebold said it has hired Korn Ferry to conduct a global search for a new chief financial officer.
Richardson, 55 and a Dayton native, joined Diebold in November 2009 after serving as chief financial officer and executive vice president of corporate strategy for Modine Manufacturing Co., a heavy-duty parts and specialty heating and air conditioning manufacturer. Before that he spent more than 20 years with BP Amoco.
He is the third top executive to leave Diebold this year.
In January the board dismissed Thomas W. Swidarski as president and chief executive officer, following the retirement of John N. Lauer as nonexecutive chairman. Charles E. Ducey Jr., executive vice president for North American operations, resigned a week later.
Richardson was hired on the heels of a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of how Diebold reported its revenue. The company eventually restated its earnings for 2003 through 2006 and agreed to pay $25 million to settle its dispute with the SEC.


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From the moment it premiered, Showtime's high-stakes, wildly ambitious spy thriller "Homeland" was not so much discussed as it was anointed. It was the first drama to both embody post-9/11 anxiety and serve as a master class in acting, a narrative high-wire act told from two distinct viewpoints in which the cost of war was endlessly calculated.
Two years later, "Homeland" has become a social media pinata, the subject of often outraged recaps, blogs and essays that gleefully harp on perceived flaws and inconsistencies. Last year the love affair between the two leads, Carrie (Claire Danes) and Brody (Damian Lewis), kept recappers and critics in perpetual churn while previous praise for Brody's daughter Dana did such a 180 that Dana became fodder for a "Saturday Night Live" skit.
This season, a revelation at the end of the third episode twisted more than the story line. Viewers who had been complaining about what they considered a slow start cheered while others, including some critics, called it out, in varying degrees of rancor, as a narrative cheat. So fevered was the reaction that creator Alex Gansa acknowledged to Entertainment Weekly's James Hibberd: "It was a long con and maybe we played it for one episode too many."
PHOTOS: Before they were actors on 'Breaking Bad'
Either way, we were once again treated to a debate about whether "Homeland" was losing its mojo.
At the end of the third episode.
"Homeland" is not the only show to be rigorously scrutinized episode by episode for signs of decay. Trends in social media and the sophistication of television dramas have created a new breed of Instant Response Viewer that increasingly affects how a show is perceived, to its benefit or detriment.
Instant Responders give new meaning to the term "my show"; they don't so much watch as obsessively hover. Like ambivalent lovers, they continually re-evaluate their relationship with a series, offer a running commentary that celebrates that which pleases them and denounces, with varying degrees of umbrage, what does not.
TALKING TV: 'Orange is the New Black' is the new hot
"Homeland's Carrie Plot Twist Now Officially a Lightning Rod" ran the headline of one blog post doing a postmortem on the postmortems; "Homeland Fans Feel Cheated" ran another.
Shows are deconstructed with the intensity of a master's thesis. Far from the passive experience it has long been considered, television viewing has become something between a blood sport and a teenage courtship.
Is this season as good as last season? Am I in or am I out, love-watching or hate-watching? Is there another show that might better suit my needs? What does my Twitter feed say?
The Instant Response Viewer is actually a second-generation model. Pre-Twitter, industry watchers began remarking on the rise of the Super Fan, those viewers who flocked to a show's message boards or Facebook pages, pledging devotion with passion that increasingly filled out the space where large viewership numbers used to be.
PHOTOS: 'Walking Dead' and the many meanings of zombies
Twitter made it easier for the Super Fans to connect, with each other, with a show's cast and creator and, in some cases, with the networks. NBC's "Chuck" was famously saved by a Twitter campaign (just as "Cagney and Lacey" had been saved, years earlier, by those bits of paper we once called "letters").
The media followed suit, hiring recappers and entertainment bloggers to keep up with hot shows and their audiences; many critics began reviewing shows episode by episode. Twitter sped things up, and the Instant Responders were born, tweeting and blogging reactions hours, or in some cases moments, after an episode has aired, replacing the next-day water cooler conversation with a real-time, often competitive focus group.
A crowded marketplace always intensifies demand, and there are so many good shows that time management has become a bona fide issue; Sunday night alone has become virtually impossible to navigate without a premium DVR package. Add to that the constant reassurance intense devotion often requires — I love you so much, please prove that you're worth it — and viewers' demands make some sense.
More important, at least for shows like "Homeland," the audience has changed. While the loyal masses are still happy to follow "NCIS" and "The Big Bang Theory" through episodes strong and weak, the emerging genre of "prestige dramas" answers to a much smaller and more demanding demographic, including those who once dismissed television as lowbrow.
GRAPHIC - 'Breaking Bad' to 'Justified': Killing off your favorite stars
One by one these television snobs have fallen, at first sporadically — to "The Sopranos" and "The Wire" — and then, when AMC opened the door to non-premium cable, in a great swooning rush. Even the president is unironically consulted on his favorite shows (which include "Homeland" and "Scandal").
Suddenly the idiot box was not so idiotic; great clots of fans rose, each with suddenly strong opinions that they could now offer publicly. Sometimes, they'd receive a direct response from the show's stars or writers, many of whom eventually learned how quickly infatuation can turn to disappointment, and even loathing. When Damon Lindelof, co-creator of "Lost," recently walked away from Twitter, more than a few observers chalked it up to relentless criticism of his series finale.
That the closing of Lindelof's account was reported as news underlines how deeply embedded social media has become to modern television. Indeed, the rise of the Instant Responders has been heralded as the Last Great Hope of old-school destination viewing. Since Twitter helped make the tween show "Pretty Little Liars" a cultural phenomenon and turn "Scandal" from bubble show to hit, a show's success on social media is often given equal weight as its viewership.
PHOTOS: Celebrities by The Times
Again, the media followed suit, increasingly reporting on these social media reactions and granting them an Every Viewer status that may or may not be deserved. The Twitter frenzy over Syfy's "Sharknado" produced far more stories than did the film itself. And although "Sharknado" did not benefit ratings-wise from all the attention, the network's next movie "Ghost Shark" was suddenly considered worthy of review.
But, as "Homeland" is finding, dissatisfaction can be just as contagious as enthusiasm. The first show fatally stung by the Instant Response mentality was AMC's "The Killing," which never recovered from the very vocal fury some fans and critics felt when the initial crime was not solved in the first season's finale.
Otherwise reasonable people publicly swore they would never watch another episode no matter what. Never mind that the show was undeniably hypnotic, with uniformly excellent performances, fearless writing and mood from here to next Thursday. Instant Responders were outraged. "I've wasted 12 hours of my life," was a leitmotif of the negative commentary. "The Killing" limped its way through two more seasons, a flawed but often still quite excellent show that never recovered from being gut-shot.
This isn't to say that a series can't collapse under its own weight or lose its way, and if a majority of viewers feel jerked around, well, that's a real problem for any storyteller. But no matter how much we would like to believe otherwise, a narratively faltering show can't be saved by the cries of its fans or in response to its detractors. "As You Like It" notwithstanding, the best stories are not written to order, or even to please.
Despite the influence Instant Responders now have, the power of the audience and the critics remains as it was four centuries ago, when the groundlings threw their chestnut shells onto the Globe Theatre stage to protest a tired plot or bad acting. We can support a show or kill it; technology just gives us tools to do it faster.
And, if we're not careful, without enough thought.
PHOTOS: Real places, fake characters: TV's bars and eateries
CRITICS' PICKS: What to watch, where to go, what to eat
Violence in TV shows


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Alfa Romeo 4C - the rivals
* Alfa Romeo 4C photos released * Price is yet to be confirmed * What will its rivals be?...
The Alfa Romeo 4C has been unveiled in final production form ahead of its debut at the Geneva motor show next month. Here we take a look at the cars it will be competing with.
Alfa's 4C is a mid-engined, rear-wheel-drive sports car that's powered by a retuned version of the company's 1750 Turbo engine. This is said to be capable of producing up to 300bhp.
Prices for the 4C haven't been released, but a starting price of anywhere from 30,000-50,000 is possible.
Depending on the Alfa 4C's final pricing structure, these are the cars it could be going head-to-head with.
Audi TT
The Audi TT has been the What Car? Coupe of the Year every year since 2007. Its combination of good looks, refinement and quality make the TT a fearsome competitor to the 4C.
For buyers who are driven by performance figures, Audi offers the 270bhp TTS and the 335bhp TT RS, which could be rivals to a higher-spec 4C. All TTs have tight body control, but impress with a comfortable ride as well.
The Audi TT is a great everyday car, too. Drive it sedately and it's comfortable and refined, push on a bit, though, and the TT rewards you with sharp steering and impressive performance.
BMW 135i M Coupe
BMW's 135i M Coupe differs from the 4C in that it's a conservatively styled, four-seater hot hatchback. However, with prices starting at around 33,000, the BMW is definitely in 4C territory.
The 135i offers fantastic performance, with its 302bhp 3.0-litre engine propelling the car from 0-60mph in just 5.1 seconds. The driver will also enjoy the car's sharp handling and quality interior.
The BMW 135i M Coupe will appeal to a number of buyers, but those looking for something that stands out from the crowd might well be drawn to the Alfa Romeo 4C.
Jaguar F-type
Jaguar's F-type two-seat convertible is hotly anticipated and promises great handling and impressive performance from its supercharged V6 and V8 engines.
Prices for the F-type will start at 58,500, with range-topping models costing around 80,000. The Alfa 4C is expected to cost significantly less. However, if the 4C's dynamics and build quality are up to standard, it should prove a strong competitor to Jaguars F-type.
Nissan 370Z
The Nissan 370Z has a 3.7-litre V6 engine that produces 342bhp, which is more than the Alfa Romeo 4Cs 1750 Turbo engine will offer. The 370Z has strong grip but its ride is firm and it's less agile than many rivals.
The 370Zs interior is a little low-rent and overall refinement is disappointing. The Alfa Romeo 4C should have no problems competing in these areas.
Porsche Cayman
The Porsche Cayman starts at just less than 40,000 and should be direct competition for the Alfa Romeo 4C. The Cayman offers fantastic performance and handling in a package that also includes a high-quality interior.
Alfa Romeo will need to give the 4C a faultless ride, brilliant handling and a supremely classy interior if it's to worry Porsche.
Subaru BRZ/Toyota GT86
The Subaru BRZ and Toyota GT86 start at just less than 25,000, so should undercut the 4C by a significant margin.
The Subaru and Toyota both handle well and are very agile. They have to be worked hard to achieve peak performance, but the quick steering and fast throttle responses make the BRZ and GT86 fun to drive. However, they might well fail to match the kerb appeal of the new Alfa.


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Sunday, 14 November 2010
The Anatomy of Beauty ~ Imo Nse Imeh
There is something about his art work, that is so out of the ordinary, it makes one look beyond the soft strokes of his brush into the meanings behind the figures and faces. I love how he paints stoic faces and tranquil bodies, paired with tortured forms, leaving the viewer with the notion of pain, but at the same time, survival. Imo explains his art as him imagining the world as comprising a conceptual fattening house, in which the isolated black body realizes trauma and devastation, but then emerges with insight, acuity and spiritual prowess.
For me, it is important to show the suffering that black people have endured through the history of time but it is even more important to show that through such trauma we gained knowledge, power and depth which no one can take away from us. This is why i think Imo nse imeh's work is devastatingly relevant to the world we live in today. It reminds us of where we came from, but at the same time shows us the beautiful places that we are going to.
7 comments:
- Pwettybambi said...
Wow speechless...Yayyy Nicole is back happy feet.
- 14 November 2010 at 14:09
- GhenzRealizms said...
His work is truly amazing! http://ghenzrealizms.blogspot.com/
- 15 November 2010 at 08:20
- Fashion Rehab said...
His work is insane!! must admit. nice post, I'm following :)
- 3 December 2010 at 05:05
- Ag said...
I am mindboggled these images and artwork are honestly breath taking!!!
- 16 January 2011 at 23:57
- Giagerry said...
WoW! they r amazing!!
"but it is even more important to show that through such trauma we gained knowledge, power and depth which no one can take away from us<---(Y)
- 28 June 2011 at 15:36
- Mikki said...
WOW..I really have no (other) words for the artwork...
I would be so scared of buying and hanging such master pieces in my home for fear of staring at them all day.. lol
would get NO work done...
- 12 August 2011 at 05:55
I am - and have always been - a major fan. I am blessed to own 3 works, and wish I could own more. Truly amazing!
Erich W.
- 15 January 2013 at 16:52


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One of the biggest mixed bags in recent years — that's how some are describing the 2011 peanut production year.
"It all depended upon whether or not you got rainfall this year," says Marshall Lamb, research director for the National Peanut Research Laboratory in Dawson, Ga., and advisor for the Farm Press Peanut Profitability Awards, which is entering its 14th year and seeking nominees for its 13th class of winners.
Texas has suffered through its worst drought in history, says Lamb, and as a result, the peanut crop there was devastated, both dryland and irrigated.
"In the Southeast, some growers experienced severe drought conditions and some received rainfall," he says. "While some of our growers harvested excellent crops — both irrigated and dryland — others ended up abandoning and destroying their crops. Peanut producers in the Virginia-Carolinas region had a pretty good crop overall."
The jury is still out on the quality of this year's crop, says Lamb. Quality problems were prevalent in the 2010 peanut crop, requiring that some of the peanuts be re-milled.
"We've heard talk that there are some quality problems with the 2011 crop, but we're just now getting into some of the high-risk components of measuring quality. I don't think it'll be as bad as in 2010," he says.
With tight supplies and the National Posted Price topping $1,200 per ton for runner peanuts, it would seem as though growers are in the driver's seat as they approach the 2012 crop. There undoubtedly will be stiff competition for acreage among the various crops, but peanut producers should be careful not to overdo it, says Lamb.
"We're in one of the most difficult situations we've ever been in as an industry," he says.
"Carry-out from the 2011 crop into 2012 will be the lowest we've seen in years, probably the lowest we've seen in decades, so we know we have to increase peanut acres. But if we go overboard, we could put a surplus back into the market. It's going to be difficult to produce just the right amount. It'll be hard for growers to resist planting a lot of peanuts, especially with other commodity prices being on a downward trend recently."
Peanut butter manufacturers already have increased the price of their products by 30 to 40 percent, in anticipation of future shortages.
Since the Farm Press Peanut Profitability Awards are based on production from the previous year, the 2012 class of winners most likely will come from irrigated production, says Lamb.
"Although some producers with irrigation made outstanding yields this year, it didn't come without a price. The 2011 crop was an expensive one to make, so it'll be a challenge to meet the criteria required for being a Peanut Profitability Award recipient," he says.
Lamb has been advisor for the awards program since its inception, and he says it's no easy feat for growers to be nominated for and then to win the Farm Press Peanut Profitability Award.
"In a year like 2011, the educational component of the Peanut Profitability Program is more important than ever. Ideally, our winners from this year can help other growers by telling them how they survived and even prospered under difficult conditions," he says.
Standard of excellence
Peanut Profitability has set a standard of excellence during its existence, says Lamb, and while it has never been an easy honor to earn, Lamb expects another fine group of nominees in 2012.
The Farm Press Peanut Profitability Awards are based on production efficiency, honoring those growers who produce the highest yields at the lowest cost per acre. Awards are presented to growers from the Lower Southeast, including Alabama, Georgia, Florida and Mississippi; the Upper Southeast, including Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina; and the Southwest, including Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico.
The awards program has honored 12 classes of winners from throughout the U.S. Peanut Belt. Since the program's beginning in 2000, the Peanut Profitability Awards have honored 36 deserving growers. The Farm Press Peanut Profitability Awards Program began with the first-ever Southern Peanut Growers Conference in conjunction with the Southern Peanut Farmers Federation.
Winners of the 2012 awards will receive an expenses-paid trip for two to the Southern Peanut Growers Conference, set for July of next year in Panama City, Fla. They also will receive limited-edition signed and numbered prints from noted Southern watercolor artist Jack DeLoney.
In addition, the winners are featured in special Peanut Profitability issues of Southeast Farm Press, Southwest Farm Press and Delta Farm Press.
Lamb, who was instrumental in creating the criteria for the awards program, designed the nomination form used by growers in determining production efficiency.
"While achieving consistently high yields and grades is important, it's only part of the equation to maximizing profits. The elements of production cost and price are equally important factors," says Lamb.
The grower nomination form for the Peanut Profitability Award is very extensive, notes Lamb, and considers both fixed and variable costs.
"We've had nominees in this program with higher yields than most, but they did not correctly manage their cost structure. We're looking at per-unit costs, and how effectively farmers manage their cost structures," he says.
The awards program, he says, is based on a producer's entire peanut operation. "We're not talking about small plots in select fields. Rather, we look at the overall management by these growers. This includes yields, costs and marketing management for the entire farm, and most of our winners come from sizable farms," says Lamb.
Assisting with the awards program is an Advisory Board comprised of Extension peanut specialists, county agents, economists and commodity group officials from the major peanut-producing states. They help to distribute nomination forms within their respective states and educate potential nominees about the program.
Farm Press editors, working with Lamb, select the regional winners from the pool of state nominees. Members of the Advisory Board, along with Lamb, are charged with periodically reviewing the awards program to insure consistency and accuracy.
Data entered on a farmer's nomination form, notes Lamb, should be based on an entire farm operation and not on individual farms or small plots. Actual per-unit costs and returns information will remain confidential to Lamb and his staff.
Growers may submit their nomination form directly to the National Peanut Research Laboratory, or they may submit it to their county Extension agent, peanut specialist or economist. The deadline for all nominations is April 15, 2012.
Growers can access the nomination form via the Internet at http://www.southeastfarmpress.com, http://www.southwestfarmpress.com, and http://www.deltafarmpress.com. In addition, it can be linked from
various commodity group websites.
To receive a hard copy of the form, call Farm Press headquarters at (662) 624-8503.


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Issue 19 of Kinfolk Magazine, according to its publisher, "explores our relationship with adrenaline and its vital contribution to our quality of life." The slow-living magazine from Portland made an interesting connection between slow living and living dangerously. The editors wrote, "If we aspire to live life instead of just watch it, our days won't be safe or stilted: The best stories start with the most unexpected moments, and these experiences normally come from confronting our comfort zones instead of taking the easy, expected or well-lit route." That has surely been my own experience in the wilderness.
The Kinfolk editors encourage "finding joy in knuckle-whitening moments." Time slows and almost stops in those moments.


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States' feathers ruffled as feds declare lesser prairie chicken threatened
The federal government on Thursday designated the lesser prairie chicken as a threatened species, a long-anticipated announcement that politicians warned could set off a possible battle over states' rights.
The lesser prairie chicken is a species of grouse with feathered feet and striped plumage. It lives in Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Colorado.
The bird's habitat has shrunk by more than 80 percent since the 19th century, as the once-open prairie has transformed into a mosaic of farms, ranches and towns, crisscrossed by roads, fences and power lines. The introduction of wind turbines and oil and gas wells further reduced the native grasslands preferred by lesser prairie chickens, which once were plentiful in the Great Plains.
The bird's population hit a record low of 17,616 birds last year, a reduction of 50 percent from 2012.
"We can't ignore the mounting evidence that the prairie ecosystem that supports the lesser prairie chicken and so many other species is in trouble," U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Director Dan Ashe told reporters Thursday in Washington.
Threatened status means federal officials believe the bird likely soon will be in danger of extinction. The designation is one step beneath endangered and provides for more flexible protections under the Endangered Species Act, Ashe said.
The move prompted anxiety among landowners and threats of defiance from politicians in the bird's five-state habitat. They worry the listing could wreck havoc with the area's economy by limiting land use and raising regulatory costs.
Stacy Hoeme, a rancher in in Gove County, Kan., said he is concerned about what potential federal hoops he may have to jump through with the threatened status of the prairie chicken.
"It makes me nervous," he said. "I want to see them protected but without going overboard."
In Texas, independent oil producers said the designation would undoubtedly affect oil and gas production. And Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas, said, "Today's decision, which has real-world consequences for Texas families, landowners and businesses, is a missed opportunity to acknowledge Texans' unprecedented conservation efforts."
Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback was blunt about his dismay. "This is an overreach on the part of the federal government," he said in a statement Thursday.
Brownback had voiced his opposition to listing the chicken as a threatened species in a letter sent in January to Ashe.
In the letter, Brownback said the listing wasn't justified and "would jeopardize Kansas' largest industries _ agriculture and energy."
The governor blamed the recent decline in the chickens' numbers on three years of drought in Kansas and in the other four states that are home to the bird.
"The interests of conservation and protection of the species can be furthered without the heavy-handed measures that could accompany a federal listing," he wrote.
Brownback added that Kansas stands ready to challenge the listing in court.
A bill pending in the Kansas Legislature would prevent the federal government from protecting the lesser prairie chicken in the state by declaring any federal law related to the bird null and void. The bill, which passed the state Senate 30-10 on Feb. 12, makes it a felony for any federal employee to enforce the bird's threatened status.
"This issue is not just about one type of bird, it's about states' rights," Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach said in an interview Thursday.
Kobach, who drafted the bill, said litigation over the bird's status likely would cost the state $100,000 to $400,000, but "this is a fight that is necessary for Kansas to carry out."
Kobach questioned the science behind the federal government's decision and said the lesser prairie chicken's population will bounce back once the drought lets up.
"The people in Washington differ significantly from the Kansas wildlife and parks biologists, who are much more familiar with the lesser prairie chicken and still regard it on a secure enough footing that it can be hunted," Kobach said.
In Washington, conservative members of Congress were quick to voice their condemnation of the Obama administration's announcement of the listing.
Sen. Pat Roberts, R-Kan., pledged to "fight to undo this foolish and overly prescriptive rule."
Roberts said he is disappointed that the Fish and Wildlife Service ignored voluntary attempts to conserve the prairie chicken's habitat.
"I have actively opposed listing the lesser prairie chicken, especially during an ongoing drought and when it causes considerable economic hardship for Kansans," Roberts said in a statement. "We have voluntary efforts, both public and private, at the state and local level to improve the prairie chicken population. Fish and Wildlife should have taken these efforts into consideration before determining this bird must have federal protection."
Cornyn criticized the administration for making its decision
"based on arbitrary deadlines set in a closed-door meeting, ignoring the ongoing efforts by Texas landowners and businesses."
Cornyn, Roberts and other senators from Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas sent a letter to Ashe last month, requesting a 60-day extension of Fish and Wildlife's final decision on the bird. Other lawmakers who signed the letter included Ted Cruz, R-Texas; Jim Inhofe, R-Okla., Tom Coburn, R-Okla., and Jerry Moran, R-Kan.
Ashe granted the extension, but the extra time didn't change his agency's determination to list the lesser prairie chicken as threatened.
The agency had been working for years with officials and landowners in the five affected states to encourage voluntary conservation efforts for the bird.
In a gesture that agency officials described as unprecedented, the bird's threatened status will coincide with implementation of a special rule that will enable all five states to continue to manage conservation efforts for the lesser prairie chicken and avoid further regulation of activities such as oil and gas development, utility line maintenance and "normal agricultural practices on existing cultivated land."
"I don't anticipate the need for a lot of federal action or any federal action if the range-wide plan is implemented," Ashe said Thursday. "States will be in the driver seat for management. . . . There's also a long history of state legislation to try to prohibit fed officials from conducting federal activities at the state or local level, and I'll leave it at that."
Environmentalists on Thursday welcomed Ashe's announcement.
Ron Klataske, executive director of Audubon of Kansas, said he's saddened that the lesser prairie chicken's situation has deteriorated to the point where listing became necessary, but he's hopeful that the federal government's action on Thursday can help save the bird.
"We really have an opportunity for everyone to refocus their energies to recover this species so that it won't have to be listed as threatened for very long," Klataske said. "Because if we do the right thing the population should recover and then they won't have to be listed anymore."Beccy Tanner of The Wichita Eagle contributed.