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Did Hitler Make History?
It's a reminder of socialism's lingering prestige that people still refer to the tyranny that ruled Germany as "fascism" and the tyranny that ruled Russia as "Stalinism" — as though one country had succumbed to a vast ideological system and the other simply to the evil of a single man. It would make much more sense to put it the other way around: Russia fell to "communism" and Germany was captured by "Hitlerism."
This is hardly pedantic quibbling. Americans now face European war for the first time since 1945. And this war has been understood by the Clinton administration and sold to the American public as a reprise of World War II half a century ago: the same sort of evil dictator, the same sort of racialist genocide, the same sort of mass suffering.
It's crucial, for this account of the war in Yugoslavia, that we believe Hitler's rule in Germany was not a unique catastrophe but remains to this day a live option, a political temptation to which other countries might give in, just as China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, and — for that matter — Yugoslavia independently succumbed to communism.
Indeed, Hitler's uniqueness may become one of the great foreign policy questions of the next century, analogous to the bitter dispute that once roiled America's universities and think tanks over whether the Soviet Union was merely continuing the (nasty but limited) policies of czarist Russia or whether it sought to realize the insatiable ambitions of Communist ideology.
From Slovakia to China, faltering Communist regimes have resorted to ultranationalism to stifle calls for liberty, to foster the appearance of national unity, and to justify encroachment upon their neighbors. It may be that these combinations of authoritarianism, nationalism, and aggression are fading shadows soon to be banished by the brightness of constitutional democracy.
But after the horrific events of our century, who'd want to predict it? If they are not fading — if Slobodan Milosevic represents the future — then we will likely find ourselves spending considerable time debating whether he and men like him are repeating "what was done in the name of Germany" (in the chilling phrase of the German defense minister Rudolf Scharping). And so, half a century later, we have acquired a new and compelling reason to understand what did happen in Germany — and the man who made it happen.
It's at just this juncture that the first volume of Ian Kershaw's massive biography of Hitler appears, the climax of four years of critically praised and commercially successful books about the Third Reich: Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners and Henry Turner's Hitler's Thirty Days to Power in 1996, John Lukacs's The Hitler of History in 1997, Ron Rosenbaum's Explaining Hitler last year, and, this year, the English translation of Brigitte Hamann's Hitler's Vienna, the definitive work on Hitler's youth and "lost" years.
Kershaw sums up the current state of Hitler scholarship with awe-inspiring comprehensiveness. He takes nothing for granted. One source for Hitler's early years, for instance, is a memoir written in the 1950s by August Kubizek, a young man from Linz who briefly lodged with Hitler during Hitler's Vienna period, 1908-1913. The two attended the opera together, which fact inspires footnote 110 to chapter two:
[Kubizek] mentions Hitler's admiration for Mahler, "at that time the conductor" in the Opera. Whether Hitler experienced Mahler conducting during his first two stays in Vienna cannot be established, but he and Kubizek could not have seen Mahler together, since Mahler's last performance, before leaving to take up his appointment at the New York Metropolitan Opera, was on 15 October 1907.
On the strength of his research, Kershaw authoritatively declares settled a series of problems that Hitler's biographers have been gnawing at for years. The claim that Hitler's paternal grandfather was Jewish: false. The story that Hitler fearfully hurled himself under the bodies of his comrades during the gun battle that crushed the November 1923 Munich putsch: false again. The rumors of extreme sexual abnormality: dismissed with scarcely a mention.
These are all probably sound conclusions, but the combination of minute detail and abrupt judgment makes Hitler an often blurry reading experience. Kershaw will summarize an entire library of research in a single sentence. That's a great achievement, but it results in a book that is as much bibliography as biography, and one that all but the most serious reader will have trouble grappling with and absorbing.
Kershaw wants to be rid, once and for all, of the myth of Hitler as the demonic god: the Miltonic Hitler, the Hitler of superhuman evil. This is the Hitler who haunts most popular writing about the Nazis and appears even in some of the more serious accounts.
Kershaw's Hitler is instead a distinctly mediocre man. Hitler always insisted that he'd arrived at his political views suddenly. He claimed to have discovered anti-Semitism in a single fatal encounter with a Jew in a Vienna street, staring at the man's face and wondering "Is this a German?" He asserted that he had charged into a political career at the end of 1918 as he recovered from British gas and heard the terrible news of the German surrender. The Hitler of Mein Kampf is a character out of nineteenth-century Romanticism, always being clapped by grand volcanic moments of passion and prophetic insight.
Some writers believe we should take Hitler at his words: Lucy Dawidowicz, for instance, held that Hitler's murderous hatred of the Jews did indeed take form in October-November 1918 and that his occasional tendency to avoid explicit references to Jews and to instead denounce "profiteers," "exploiters," and "international finance" was inspired by his sense of what he could get away with at the moment and what he could not. Others, like John Lukacs, date Hitler's conversion to extreme anti-Semitism to his witnessing of the abortive 1919 Bolshevik coup in Bavaria, some of the leaders of which were Jews.
But Kershaw's Hitler is not at all Romantic: He's a completely derivative person who read few of the books he claimed to have read and thought little for himself. Kershaw disagrees with Brigitte Hamann's argument that Hitler came to his anti-Semitism in Munich after the First World War. Rather, according to Kershaw, he absorbed it early from the gutter newspapers first of his hometown of Linz and then of Vienna.
Kershaw deals with Hamann's evidence — the recollections of those who knew Hitler that he complained of the lack of statues to Heine in Germany, praised Jewish courage in the face of persecution, and liked the music of Offenbach — by pointing out that the mental atmosphere in pre-war Vienna was so poisonously anti-Semitic that the young Hitler could have spilled a lot of bile before anybody took any notice of it. Then, too, the dealer who sold the water-colors Hitler lived by was Jewish, and Hitler — always the opportunist — took care with his words around people who might repeat them to the man who provided him his livelihood.
What came late to Hitler were not his hatreds, but his ambitions to act on them. His interest in ultranationalist politics was stirred, Kershaw maintains, by the army instructors who hired him to give postwar political instruction to the shrunken German Army. Kershaw makes much of Hitler's passivity during the Bolsheviks' attempted coup in Bavaria and the military counter-coup in 1919, arguing that through all the tumult of that year, Hitler's main aim was to avoid being demobilized and having to find a job. "Hitler," he remarks, "did not come to politics, … politics came to him — in the Munich barracks."
In every respect other than his capacity for evil, Kershaw's Hitler is a limited man. This is no Napoleon, who committed great crimes but also great acts of statesmanship. Kershaw aptly quotes a remark of Plutarch's: "When destiny raises a base character by acts of great importance, it reveals his lack of substance." Hitler, Kershaw says, was an unperson, with no private identity beyond his public acts. Which means that his biographer must "focus not upon the personality of Hitler, but squarely and directly upon the character of his power — the power of the Fuhrer."
Kershaw's Hitler is not even a great politician. The Munich putsch was idiotically organized, with no attempt to neutralize the army that made short work of it. Mein Kampf was boring and sold badly, especially the second volume released after Hitler's notoriety from the putsch had faded. He hated administrative work and idled away his post-putsch days while his associates tried to rebuild the Nazi party, with little success.
Hitler owed his success to economic crisis: Without the inflation of 1923, he could never have made his putsch; once stability returned, his party's share of the vote fell to 2.6 percent. Had the Great Depression been averted, he would have faded entirely away. Kershaw emphasizes how much Hitler's career owed to the complicity of others: the army units that provided weapons to nationalist paramilitary forces in 1919-20, the crazed Russian emigres who helped finance him, the biased judiciary that repeatedly failed to punish Nazis. And finally, of course, the bone headed politicians and army officers who permitted Hitler to assume the chancellorship in 1933. Hitler's first English-language biographer, Alan Bullock, saw this pattern as evidence of Hitler's cunning. Kershaw sees it as a reminder of the larger social forces at work. His chapter on January 1933 is tellingly entitled: "Levered Into Power."
Nor is Kershaw's Hitler even very much of a dictator. Kershaw is much impressed by the school of modern history that sees the Third Reich as the opposite of a totalitarian regime: Hitler was simply too lazy and slovenly to run a government in the way that Stalin did. Hitler's agriculture minister Walther Darre tried vainly for two full years to get an appointment to discuss Germany's worsening farm problem. Kershaw bitingly describes the corruption and chaos of Hitler's peace time regime, with the state treasury treated as Hitler's personal; exchequer and businesses lavishing bribes on cronies to extract favors from the crumbling apparatus of government:
A flood of legislation emanating independently from each ministry had to be formulated by a cumbersome and grossly inefficient process whereby drafts were circulated and recirculated among ministers until some consensus was reached. Only at that stage would Hitler, if he approved after its contents were briefly summarized for him, sign the bill (usually scarcely bothering to read it) and turn it into law.
If Hitler felt pressed for time, "legislation that had taken months to prepare could simply be ignored or postponed, sometimes indefinitely."
The collapse of legal institutions and the weakness of the central dictatorship turned Germany into a kind of demented feudal system. The most important chapter in Kershaw's Hitler, "Working Towards the Fuhrer," quotes to powerful effect a 1934 speech by an official in the Prussian agriculture ministry.
Everyone with opportunity to observe it knows that the Fuhrer can only with great difficulty order from above everything he intends to carry out sooner or later. On the contrary, until now everyone has best worked in his place in the new Germany if, so to speak, he works towards the Fuhrer. Very often, and in many places, it has been the case that individuals … have waited for commands and orders…. However, it is the duty of every single person to attempt, in the spirit of the Fuhrer, to work towards him. Anyone making mistakes will come to notice it soon enough. But the one who works correctly towards the Fuhrer along his lines and towards his aim will...have the finest reward of one day suddenly attaining the legal confirmation of his work.
But what was the spirit of the Fuhrer? Given the radicalism of Hitler's own rhetoric and the barbarity of the men he chose as his closest associates, the disorder of the regime touched off what Kershaw calls a "Darwinian struggle," with victory going to the cruelest, the most ruthless, and (of course) the most anti-Semitic. "Hitler's personalized form of rule invited radical initiatives from below and offered such initiatives backing, so long as they were in line with his broadly defined goals."
Kershaw's dry style unwittingly denies the Hitler story much of its drama: Ron Rosenbaum, by comparison, describes the complicity of the German judiciary in Hitler's crimes with a blood-boiling fury. Rosenbaum agrees that Hitler was essentially a petty criminal, not a demon god, but he makes that criminality vivid and contemptible in a way that Kershaw never quite manages.
Kershaw, however, has his reasons for writing dryly, and they are stated flatly at the beginning of the book, when he explains his refusal to dwell on the stories of Hitler's twisted sexuality: "And even if the alleged repulsive perversions really were his private proclivities, how exactly they would help to explain the rapid descent of the complex and sophisticated German state into gross inhumanity after 1933 is not readily self-evident."
As Kershaw sees it, Hitler is not the most important part of his own story. The real protagonist is the German state, and the important puzzle Kershaw wants to unravel is not why Hitler did what he did, but rather why the Germans did what they did.
This is probably not the best frame of mind in which to attempt a biography, and it may explain why Kershaw's Hitler so often seems listless. Unlike Brigitte Hamann, who sleuths out the details of Hitler's time in Vienna and brings the most malignant sections of that glittering, horrible city to life, Kershaw does not seem at all sure that the biographical approach will teach us anything worth knowing.
Perhaps it is for this reason that so many reviewers have described his book as "biography for the 1990s." The phrase is meant as praise, of course, implying that the book is up-to-date. But unfortunately it also implies that the book reflects the 1990s academic aversion to the human personality in history. Kershaw singles out some leaders for special praise, but the most he will concede even to his heroes is that they have "symbolized the positive values of the century, have epitomized belief in humanity, hope for the future."
Even Karl Marx conceded that human beings make their own history (though he added that they do not make it precisely as they will). Now we seem bent on out-Marxing Marx, and eliminating even Hitler — surely the one man without whom the twentieth century would have been different — in favor of the impersonal collection of people, institutions, and ideas we call "Germany."
This is not a formula for moral responsibility. Even Daniel Goldhagen, a man given to rhetorical excesses (to put it mildly), returned in the best sections of Hitler's Willing Executioners to the responsibility of the individuals who ran the killing machine for Hitler: It was not "the German state" that did these things, but individual people like Fritz Müller of Salzburg, who served in a particular place at a particular time and is even now collecting a pension from his government; and Karl Shulz of Königsberg, who served somewhere else and now lives in a little flat in the south of Spain; and half a million more like them.
So, too, the caustic brilliance of Henry Turner's Hitler's Thirty Days to Power is that it never for one moment forgives the villainy and incompetence of the politicians and soldiers who let Hitler take power — and it musters its outrage not in a utopian spirit but in a grimly realistic one. The most practical option in 1933 for stabilizing the country and heading off Nazi dictatorship was a military coup and an authoritarian regime run by officers of the old aristocracy — and Turner believes we can blame men who failed to seize their chance to ward off a catastrophe they had every reason to foresee.
Look again at Kershaw's description of Hitler in power. To say that what really shaped Germany in the 1930s is the spontaneous action of individual Germans — "ordinary citizens denouncing neighbors to the Gestapo, … businessmen happy to exploit anti-Jewish legislation to rid themselves of competitors" — is to minimize the importance of the dictatorship under which that spontaneous action occurred.
Ordinary citizens often want to be rid of their neighbors, and businessmen often want to do down the competition, but it's seldom that they can invoke the unconstrained power of the state to do it. The fact that Hitler was sleeping till noon, eating a leisurely lunch, going for a walk, signing a few papers, and then screening movies until the small hours of the morning does not remove him from responsibility — not just the moral responsibility, which Kershaw concedes, but the operational responsibility as well.
In Explaining Hitler, Ron Rosenbaum wisely reminds us of Hitler's comment when challenged back in the 1920s over the seeming chaos of the Nazi party: "Nothing happens except by my will." Hitler chose to run his government this way, and these methods yielded for him the results he wanted. His government achieved considerable success in achieving his top priorities: cementing his power in place, murdering the Jews, waging war, and surrounding him with cheering crowds. If it was not so successful at managing the farm problem, that was by his decision and a result of his choices.
But if Kershaw's Hitler is a Hitler for the 1990s in his insignificance, he is also a Hitler for the 1990s in another way. Hitler: 1889-1936, Hubris is a book that, for all its deficiencies, makes particularly useful reading now in our new time of dictators and ethnic hatred. One can believe that Hitler's personality is both more interesting and more important than Kershaw thinks, and still accept Kershaw's contention that Hitler's evil is not the whole of the story. In 1984, Milton Himmelfarb published in Commentary a justly famous essay on Hitler's extreme personal capability entitled "No Hitler, No Holocaust." That's very true. But one can add, "No German Army, no Holocaust either."
As decisive as Hitler was to Germany, had Germany been something other than the dominant technological, military, and economic power in Europe, he would have been far less significant to the fate of the world. Without Germany, Hitler is Idi Amin. What made Hitler dangerous to non-Germans — including the almost entirely non-German Jews who died at Auschwitz and Treblinka — was the meeting of the wrong man with the wrong country. That's why it was obtuse of Vice President A1 Gore to call Slobodan Milosevic a "junior-league Hitler" (and not only because he meant "minor-league"). A minor-league Hitler simply isn't a Hitler.
One of the saddest consequences of America's increasing ignorance of history is its progressive identification of Nazism not only as the worst evil, but as the only evil. Much of the time, the use of Nazis as all-purpose bad guys is merely ridiculous — as when Steven Spielberg has Indiana Jones tangling with a Nazi expedition in Egypt in the 1930s, when Egypt was a British protectorate.
But at crucial moments it can be genuinely dangerous, and we are now, in April 1999, at one of those crucial moments. Suppose that some ordinance required us to refrain from invoking Hitler in any but the most extreme circumstances. What impact would it have, I wonder, if President Clinton were forced to say that the Serbs' expulsion of the Kosovars is the worst human-rights offense in Europe since the Turks expelled two million Greeks from Anatolia in 1922? It's true, of course — but doesn't it seem to lack the same urgency? After all, Americans do not typically remember to reproach themselves for having stood idly by in 1922.
By comparing anything to Hitler, we have already decided its moral meaning: We are saying "this is the worst thing there could be." But what Hitler ought to teach us — and the scholars who write about him ought to remind us — is that there are gradations even in wickedness. And those gradations matter.


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Female Blood Knight (World of Warcraft) – Cosplay of the Day
Blood Elves are some of the prettiest characters you'll find in World of Warcraft. It's no secret that these attractive elves also like their clothing and environments to be just as beautiful. So today we're featuring an armored heroine from the Blood Knights, a group of Blood Elf paladins that protect the city of Silvermoon.
The Blood Knights harness the power of the Light and use it to heal and smite. They are the protectors of the Blood Elf capital, Silvermoon City, and protect it at all cost. They were the first of the Horde's paladins and continue to use the Light to defend it from its enemies.
This is Zeraphie in her Blood Knight outfit, complete with shield, mace and tome. She looks like she's ready to fight off the forces of the undead and cleanse her allies' wounds at any moment. She's got the build, looks and attitude of a Blood Elf, which makes us wonder whether or not she'll sap our mana if we get too close. She gets extra points for not choosing one of World of Warcraft's more revealing female armor as the focus of her cosplay!
Take a look at all of her work on deviantART and then let us know if you enjoyed checking out this armored cosplaying master.
Want your Cosplay to be seen? Send your info to firstname.lastname@example.com and we may feature you in our Cosplay of the Day

subset: commoncrawl


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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QUEBEC CITY!#amazingracecanada on way to #quebeccity from #yqr wonder how many favours #aircanada will show them over regular passengers # boardingfirst@Kevin Korchinski @kevink61
Looks like Lacrosse to me
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The global trend of better and healthier food has also found its way to the Canadian après-ski scene. Those who don't want to spend an entire week eating junk food can enjoy an abundance of healthy eating options in the ski resorts around Vancouver. Chefs prepare out-of-this-world dishes with local ingredients that are sure to make you lose all interest in fast food.
In British Columbia, the province where Vancouver is located, the 'Farm-to-Table' movement is increasing in popularity. Put simply, this concept promotes products that are bought directly from the farmer without first having undergone processing or transport. Its success is clearly apparent: there are more land pastures popping up in the Vancouver area and more produce growing is taking place. And that's good for the restaurant industry, as chefs can now use fresh and local products both in summer and winter.


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Events for January 14, 2018 › Salsa Boot Camp
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Salsa Bootcamp January 2018
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Semeneya Salsa Bootcamp. Start the new year learning Salsa in 5 weeks! The bootcamp is taught by, internationally known instructor, dancer and CEO of Semeneya Dance Studio with 18 years of teaching experience, Lee Rios. Join Semeneya Studios for our Salsa BOOTCAMP on Wednesday January 3rd. During the 5-week Bootcamp we review fundamentals…


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One of the questions we get asked a lot in #freenode is "What's the command to register my channel?" This being the freenode staff blog, I'd like to answer that question the long way around.
Step 1 – make sure you're in the right place
The freenode IRC network has some very specific goals and objectives, and it's intended primarily for developers of free and open source software. Please read these pages and make sure we're the appropriate network for your channel and its users:
Step 2 – register your nick
If you're not identified to NickServ as a registered nick, then you can't register a channel. Instructions for registering a nick can be found here:
Step 3 – pick a channel name
Before you choose the name for your channel, you should be aware that freenode uses an unusual naming convention to indicate the difference between official (primary) and unofficial (about or topical) IRC channels. A primary channel is considered appropriate for a channel operated by a project (The Ubuntu project operates #ubuntu) or a group (The philadelphia linux users group operates #plug). In these examples, these groups have a valid claim to the channel name. An about channel or topical channel is a channel for a specific subject or topic, but operated by someone without a claim to the channel name. Please read our channel naming guidelines for more details:
The short version is that official channels (also known as primary channels) are named starting with one #, unofficial (topical or about channels) start with ##. If your channel is not an official one, please use ## at the start of the channel name, or you may be asked to move. Getting it right at the beginning is a lot easier, for you and for us. There is more information on this policy here.
Step 4 – check your channel is available to register
To check whether a channel has already been registered, use the command:
/msg ChanServ info ##channelname
If the channel is already registered, that will give you some info about it. If it's not, you'll get a message like this:
-ChanServ- The channel [##channelname] is not registered
Step 5 – create your channel
To create a channel on IRC, you just join it. If you're the first person to join that channel then you create it (if you're not then you'll join the other people in there, and you won't be able to register it unless someone gives you op status).
/join ##channelname
Step 6 – register your channel
The command to register your channel (once you've joined it and you have op status) is as follows:
/msg ChanServ register ##channelname
That's all you need. The channel will be linked to your nick, and whenever you're identified to your nick, you have full top-level access to your channel's settings.
Okay, so you've registered a channel now. That's not the end of this post… there are a LOT of other things you should do as soon as you've got your channel registered.
Step 7 – read some useful webpages
http://freenode.net/channel_guidelines.shtml – our Channel Guidelines – useful info on how to run a good channel on freenode.
http://freenode.net/catalysts.shtml – about Catalysts – an incredibly important concept that makes freenode the great network that it is. Please try to be a catalyst whenever you're on the network, but most importantly when you're running your own channel.
Step 8 – read the ChanServ help pages
The ChanServ help pages really are actually helpful. If you're running your own channel, you probably should have read everything in them – it won't take long, a few hours at most, and then you'll know all the cool things you can do with your channel.
/msg ChanServ help
Step 9 – consider registering your group with freenode
As well as registering your channel with ChanServ, it's possible to gain a more official relationship with freenode, where we have an established contact person that we know is allowed to represent your project to us. You can read about Group Registration here:
Step 10 – if in doubt, ask!
Finally, if you need help with anything to do with registering or running your channel, remember that the network staff on freenode are friendly and really do want to help you! You're welcome to /msg us at any time to ask for help. Even better, come and ask your question in #freenode , where both staff and volunteer helpers hang out being helpful


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My players need this for the up and coming campaign, for some reason I didn't put it into the book in time!
All non-gas planets are classes by how inhabitable they are. The higher the letter, the more inhabitable they are.
A - Volatile tectonics, toxic atmosphere, hot (proximity to the star). Not possible to live under, on or above the surface.
B - Volatile tectonics, toxic atmosphere, cool (not close to the star). Possible to live above the surface on a giant grav platform.
C - Highly toxic atmosphere, hot. Comfortable to live under the surface. On surface possible but not recommended.
D - Highly toxic atmosphere, cool. Comfortable to live under the surface. On the surface possible.
E - Low toxicity atmosphere, not breathable but not dangerous to skin contact. On or below the surface equally comfortable.
F - Low toxicity atmosphere, barely breathable but not more than a day at a time. On or below the surface equally comfortable.
G - Low toxicity atmosphere. Long term breathing might lead to death but not immediately lethal. Candidate for atmosphere generation to turn into H or I class.
H - Earth-like stable atmosphere but only through constant atmosphere generation.
I - Earth-like world, does not require atmosphere generation (although may have needed it to get to this state)


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Countryman B3 Double Tie Clip
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The double tie clip can hold two B3 lavaliers for applications where low-profile redundancy is important.
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The game you are trying to view has ceased development and consequently been archived. If you are a member of this game, can demonstrate that it is being actively developed and will be able to keep this profile up to date with the latest news, images, videos and downloads, please contact us with all details and we will consider its re-activation.
A strange virus escape from a secret research laboratory, in about 4 hours the entire state of Atlas has been infected, the most part of the population is now "dead" or crazy. This virus is dangerous not just only for peoples but also to the environment. After the infection alot of places have got hard climate changes. A strange and dense fog has been appeared in many places. First rumours are saying that where there is fog, the virus will mutate humans into walking-deads otherwise if there is no fog the virus make people goes insane. Militaries and polices forces are making some outpost to defend and help the peoples. You have to survive to this hell, kill zombies and psycho's just when it's needed or you can fall in a dead-trap. Alot of survivors will ask you for help, it's a yours choice to help them or not. And remember that: Survivors are not all good people...so be careful every time.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
Here is the bed where Bobbie the psycho sleep, and make his dreams..


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- Preheat oven to 220 degree C.
- Spread tomato pasta sauce onto the puff pastry evenly, sprinkle chopped sausage, black olive and cheese.
- Roll it up, cut into 8 equal portions and place each portion into a foil case. OR cut into 12 equal portions and place them on the baking tray lined with aluminum foil.
- Bake for 15 minutes. Serve with ketchup or mayonnaise.
Pinwheel Pizza
Comments :
- Mat Gebu said... on
- 12 December, 2007 19:43
Kalau guna instant prata/roti canai rasa u ok tak utk resipi ini?
- Lydia said... on
- 12 December, 2007 20:53
i rasa ok juga... i pun dah fikir nanti i kat msia tak dpt puff pastri, guna instant prata je.
- Patricia Scarpin said... on
- 12 December, 2007 23:29
This is a great invention! I like it a lot!
- Mat Gebu said... on
- 13 December, 2007 01:14
Sky...kat M'sia tak semua tempat boleh beli pastry puff yg ready made punya...waa manyak mencii tau..waa sulah jalan manyakk penat itu dalam shopping area but still cant find any....Grrrrr!!!!
- tigerfish said... on
- 13 December, 2007 16:24
Sound so easy. If you had not emphasize the fact that it's so easy to make, I would have thought it's quite time-consuming from the look of the pictures. Puff pastry helps, isn't it?
- Lydia said... on
- 13 December, 2007 21:18
Patricia: I like it a lot too, thinking to try it with tuna soon.
Mat: Asal u tak tulis surat kat prata company tu suruh depa buatkan puff pastry? nanti i balik senang lah nak cari sikit. :p
tigerfish: It is really easy to make with ready-made puff pastry. :D I would surrender if I have to make the pastry myself!
- Michelle said... on
- 11 August, 2008 01:37
I love how versatile puff pastry is! What a great idea! Anything with puff pasty always looks far more impressive if you ask me!
- Lydia said... on
- 15 August, 2008 00:37
michelle: there is always a pack of puff pastry in my freezer, I love it very much.


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Did Nancy Grace Fart on 'Dancing with the Stars'?
Hot on the heels of her recent wardrobe malfunction, TMZ now has video of Nancy Grace (allegedly) breaking wind while being interviewed on Monday night's gassing, uh, we mean, 'Dancing with the Stars.'
Grace is denying any gas passing, telling TMZ, "As an ear witness on the scene, I can absolutely exonerate Tristan, myself and Brooke."
Is Nancy Grace the one who smelt it or dealt it? Was it a fart, or just an unfortunate stomach grumble? Watch the video below and determine for yourself. We'll have updates on "Fartgate 2011″ as they happen.
(via TMZ)


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1.1 Vodafone Hutchison Australia Pty Ltd trading as Lebara Mobile (ABN 76 096 304 620)will provide You with the Services in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement") and any documents validly incorporated by reference.
1.2 The Agreement commences when You purchase and are provided with a Lebara pre-paid product.
1.3 To the extent permitted by applicable Laws, Lebara may vary its Services or its charges or add new Services from time to time without notice to You. This will be in circumstances for example, where the variation is beneficial to You, or does not interfere with Your enjoyment of the Service. For all other variations, we will give You at least 21 days' notice in writing (normally by e-mail) before we vary the Agreement. The Agreement, as amended from time to time, will be available on the Website at www.lebara.com.au.
1.4 Defined terms are set out in clause 21.
1.5 By purchasing the Service, You agree to comply with the terms of the Agreement, the latest version of which can be found on the Website at www.lebara.com.au.
2.1 Services Descriptions
The Services Descriptions form part of the Agreement and provides a detailed description of the Services that we offer specific to the plan You have nominated. Please refer to the relevant Services Description set out on the Website at www.lebara.com.au for more information about Your applicable plan.
2.2 Accessing the Services
2.2.1 To obtain the Service, You will need to apply for a Lebara Device Pack or SIM Pack. No mobile phone is provided with the Lebara SIM pack.
2.2.2 You acknowledge and agree that Lebara will subject the information that You submit on Your order to a verification check.
2.2.3 If purchasing via Our Website and Your order is accepted, Your Lebara pre-paid SIM Pack or Starter Pack will be dispatched to You. Your order will be delivered to the delivery address You specify in the order.
2.2.4 Once You have received Your SIM Pack or Starter Pack, You will need to register the Service and select any optional Service features, if applicable.
2.2.5 You may only Port Your existing MSN when You first activate Your SIM card via the Website. Alternatively, You may call Us on 126 122 from Your Lebara Mobile or 1300 126 122 from any other phone during Lebara's standard hours of operation.
2.2.6 The SIM card is ready to use once You have successfully activated the Service by calling Our Customer Care Helpline or via the Website.
2.2.7 You may only Recharge by following the processes outlined in the applicable Services Description.
2.3 Additional services/features offered by Lebara
Please note that not all mobile phones support all additional services and it is Your responsibility to check which additional services are available on Your mobile phone.
2.3.3 Voicemail
2.3.4 Content and Data Services
2.3.5 Lebara will provide additional services You request provided the additional services are available on Your SIM card and mobile phone. You may need to select some of the additional services when applying for or registering the Services.
2.4 Use of Services
2.4.1 In using the Services, You must:
2.4.2 You must not use, attempt to use, or permit the use of the Services:
2.4.3 Lebara may ask You to stop doing something which Lebara reasonably believes to be contrary to clause 2.4.2. You must immediately comply with any such request. In the event You do not comply, Lebara may take all reasonable steps necessary to ensure compliance with clause 2.4.2, including suspending or disconnecting Your use of the Service.
2.4.4 You acknowledge that Lebara may be required by law to intercept communications over the Service and may also monitor Your usage of the Service.
2.4.5 Usage of the Services and Lebara SIM card is limited to fair and reasonable usage in accordance with the Lebara Fair Use Policy at www.lebara.com.au/fair_use_policy.YouYouYouYouYou.
2.4.6 You are wholly responsible for the security and use of Your mobile phone and SIM card and indemnify Lebara against all claims which may arise through Your use of the Services. This includes the use of Services such as SMS, MMS and other additional services offered by Lebara for use on Your mobile phone.
3.1 Either Lebara or You shall be entitled to terminate the Agreement at any time by giving at least 30 days' written notice to the other. Subject to an administrative fee, Lebara may provide a refund of any remaining Call Credits for Your Services where Lebara terminates the Agreement if You request such a refund in writing during such notice period addressed to Lebara Mobile Customer Care, PO Box 1113, North Sydney NSW 2060. No refund will be available for any Call Credits where You are in breach or have breached the Agreement, or where the Agreement has been terminated by You.
3.2 Lebara shall be entitled to terminate the Agreement immediately:
3.2.1 if You are in breach of Your obligations under the Agreement;
3.2.2 if We have a reasonable basis to suspect that You are involved in fraud and/or gross negligence;
3.2.3 where We are required to do so by law and/or directed to do so by a relevant authority; or
3.2.4 in the case of an emergency.
3.3 Where You do not recharge for a continuous period of 120 days following Your activation (for SIM's with preloaded credit) or last recharge of the services; or 60 days following activation of SIM's with preloaded plans the Agreement will terminate automatically and shall be deemed to be terminated by You.
3.4 If You are an individual, in the event of Your death, Lebara reserves the right to terminate the Agreement without notice as soon as Lebara becomes aware of Your death. Your estate must pay all outstanding charges under the Agreement.
3.5 Termination is without prejudice to the rights and obligations of the parties which have accrued prior to termination.
4.1 Suspension or Disconnection from the Services
4.1.1 In addition to Our rights under the terms of the Agreement, We may suspend or disconnect the Services in whole or in part at any time without notice or liability where:
4.1.2 Lebara may investigate any complaint made, whether by or against You and reserves the right to suspend the Services if a complaint has been made against You pending the results of the investigation of the complaint.
4.1.3 A service which has been suspended is not able to undertake any of the Services, including receiving, making or sending any calls, SMS or MMS other than making calls to Emergency Services or to the Lebara Customer Care Helpline from Your Lebara Mobile (126 122).
4.2 Permanent Disconnection from the Services
4.2.1 Lebara may permanently disconnect Your access to the Service from the Network where:
4.2.2 When disconnected from the Network:
4.2.3 Lebara reserves the right to charge You the SIM card replacement fee for SIM cards not returned within 7 days of cancellation.
4.2.4 Without limiting any other rights Lebara may have under the Agreement, Lebara may cancel the Services by at least 30 days' notice published in at least one major daily newspaper in each capital city in Australia.
5.1 Quality of Service
5.1.1 The Services are not available in all areas of Australia. The quality and the availability of the Services are subject to certain limitations, including, the proximity of base stations and circumstances beyond Lebara's control. These circumstances include geographic and atmospheric conditions, and the functional capability of the mobile phone used in connection with the Services.
5.1.2 The Services might also be adversely affected by other circumstances beyond Lebara's control, including, but not limited to, the following:
5.1.3 Within a Service area, it is technically impracticable to guarantee and Lebara does not guarantee that the Services are available in each place within that area, or that 'drop-outs' will not occur in the course of a call or that capacity is available at all times or that the Service is free of faults or error. Similarly, Lebara does not guarantee that all traffic can or will be transmitted by the Network or that there will be absolute protection of the Network against unauthorised access or interception.
5.1.4 You acknowledge that You are responsible for inquiring whether Network coverage is available in areas in which You ordinarily require the Service prior to the purchase of the Service.
5.1.5 You also acknowledge that the Services may not be available from time to time as a result of circumstances beyond Lebara's control, including (but not limited to) factors identified in clauses 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.
5.1.6 Lebara does not warrant that the Services will be free of blockages, delays, Network failure, congestion, interferences or faults of any kind. Lebara will not be responsible for any loss or damage that may arise as a result.
5.2 Fault Reporting and Rectification
5.2.1 As soon as You become aware of any fault in the Services, You must report that fault to Lebara by calling Our Customer Care Helpline or e-mailing us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Before reporting a fault to Lebara, You must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the fault was not a fault in Your mobile phone or equipment and that You are using the Service and equipment correctly.
5.2.2 You must provide all necessary assistance to enable location and rectification of any fault regardless of whether that fault is the responsibility of Lebara or another Supplier.
5.2.3 Lebara is not responsible for any fault that is in the equipment within the Network and will notify the Supplier of the fault and request its verification.
6.1 The SIM card remains the property of Lebara at all times unless it is assigned, distributed, sold or otherwise transferred by Lebara to distributors and/or retailers of Lebara's Services. You must take all reasonable care to keep the SIM card safe and in good condition and must notify us immediately if it is lost, stolen or damaged.
6.2 You will be liable for the charges incurred through the use of the Service supplied in relation to Your SIM card. This includes the charges incurred through the use of the Services where Your SIM card has been lost, stolen or damaged (whether activated or not) prior to Lebara being notified of the loss or theft.
6.3 You must return the SIM card within a reasonable time when requested by us if we issue You with a replacement SIM card or we no longer supply the Service to You. We may charge You a replacement fee if You do not return the SIM card upon our request, at the rate shown in the Standard Rate Table.
6.4 A SIM card replacement fee is applicable if You have lost or You have damaged Your SIM card at the rate shown in the Standard Rate Table.
6.5 Lebara will replace or, where applicable. refund a faulty SIM card free of charge in accordance with its obligations under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth). Return the faulty SIM card to:
Lebara Customer Care, PO Box 1113, North Sydney NSW 2060. Our goods come with guarantees that cannot be excluded under the Australian Consumer Law. You are entitled to a replacement or refund for a major failure and compensation for any other reasonably foreseeable loss or damage. You are also entitled to have the goods repaired or replaced if the goods fail to be of acceptable quality and the failure does not amount to a major failure.
6.6 SIM cards may be available for purchase from time to time on the Lebara Website. If the SIM card is available for purchase online and You decide You do not want Your Lebara SIM card after You have bought it online from www.lebara.com.au, You must return it to us within 7 business days at Your own cost. It must not be activated, not used to make or receive calls or send or receive messages or data and is still attached to the original SIM card holder.
6.7 Refunds (where applicable) will be credited to the card used for the original purchase after receipt of the returned equipment and satisfactory inspection by us. Please allow 30 days for the refund.
6.8 Subject to any applicable Laws, Lebara has the right to refuse the provision of subsequent SIM cards to You, once You apply to receive, or currently have registered in Your name or an associate's name, 3 or more Lebara SIM cards.
6.9 Lebara is not under any circumstances liable for any SIM card or any other goods which are lost in the post. You are advised to send returned goods by registered or recorded post to:
Lebara Customer Care,
PO Box 1113,
North Sydney
7.1 Mobile Phones
7.1.1 Lebara may offer for sale mobile phones to be used in connection with the Services.
7.1.2 You are responsible for the maintenance of Your mobile phone. If Your phone interferes with the Services, if requested by Lebara, You must:
7.1.3 Lebara will have no liability to You in relation to Your mobile phone, or Your use of the Phone in connection with the Services.
7.1.4 If You supply Your own mobile phone, You acknowledge that Lebara makes no warranty as to the suitability of the mobile phone for use in connection with the Services or individual service features.
7.1.5 If You supply Your own mobile phone, Lebara at any time may request You to provide proof of ownership of Your mobile phone to protect consumers from illegal trade in mobile phones. You must provide that proof within 5 business days of Lebara's request. If You fail to provide proof of ownership within 5 business days, Lebara may suspend Your Service until such evidence is provided.
7.2 Equipment Delivery and Returns
7.2.1 If You have purchased a Lebara mobile phone, You may return at Your own cost the mobile phone to the same point of purchase within 14 days of receipt in order to receive a full refund of the amount You paid for the phone.
7.2.2 A full refund will only be available if the Lebara mobile phone is undamaged, in good working order, and the original packaging is present including all accessories and the SIM card. All additional services, free or discounted products, vouchers, coupons or any gift or inducement of any type received as a result of purchasing the mobile phone must be returned. Lebara reserves the right to reject returns if any content is missing, or the mobile phone, SIM card or other accessories are damaged or marked, or are considered to be in poor condition.
7.2.3 You are responsible for the SIM card, mobile phone and other goods until they are received by us. Lebara is not under any circumstances liable for any SIM card, mobile phone or any other goods which are lost in the post.
7.2.4 If Your Lebara mobile phone, SIM card or accessories develop a fault or need repair as a result of them being defective within 6 months of the original purchase date, please contact email@example.com who will help or arrange for Your mobile phone or accessories to be repaired or replaced under the terms of the manufacturer's warranty.
7.2.5 If the manufacturer's warranty, as set out in the warranty information which accompanies the mobile phone, has an extended warranty beyond this 6 month period, please contact the manufacturer under the terms of their warranty during this extended period.
7.2.6 Lebara reserves the right to repair Your mobile phone or accessories or to replace them with a new or reconditioned mobile phone or accessories of the same manufacturer and model. Where the model has been discontinued or Lebara is unable to source it, we may replace it with a model with substantially the same features and functionality. Please note that it may take between 14 to 28 days (or on occasion longer) for Lebara to do this.
7.2.7 All products returned to You will be subject to a per unit delivery charge (see the Standard Rate Table such charge may be amended from time to time by Lebara). Lebara reserves the right to charge an administration fee (see the Standard Rate Table) for any items that are returned as faulty under the warranty that prove not to be faulty.
7.2.8 For mobile phones and other goods bought online from www.lebara.com.au, a refund will only be available if the unused phone and goods are returned to us within 7 business days of delivery at Your own cost. The unused phone and other goods must be returned in their original packaging. No refund will be available if:
7.2.9 When ordering a Starter Pack, We recommend Your order be delivered to a business address or an Australian post office.
7.2.10 we are not able to deliver packages to universities, hospitals, colleges, building sites or other such areas.
7.2.11 when Your parcel arrives by courier, You will be required to show some proof of identity and sign for the delivery.
7.2.12 Where You have ordered equipment from Us, You can cancel Your order at any time before receiving delivery. Once You receive the delivery, it cannot be returned.
7.2.13 After We have taken Your order, You may not change the name of the person accepting delivery or the delivery address. We may exercise Our discretion with respect to this clause if You can satisfy Us that You have reasonable grounds to request the changes
7.2.14 In the event of delivery failure, We will reorder and resend the goods to You. This process will require further 3 to 5 working days to reach You. We may require You to complete a declaration of loss form or sign a statutory declaration where a delivery failure is challenged.
7.2.15 Our courier will deliver the order to the delivery address advised to Us. Only You can accept delivery of the goods. Valid identification will be required to accept delivery.
7.3 Mobile Service Number (MSN)
7.3.1 If You do not have a MSN for Your mobile phone for use with the Services, We will allocate You a MSN automatically with the SIM card. If You do have a MSN, You can port it from another Carrier or Carriage Service Provider (see clause 8 for further details).
7.3.2 All MSNs are selected, issued and used by Us in accordance with the ACMA's Numbering Plan and Telecommunications Numbering Plan Number Declarations ("Numbering Regulations").
7.3.3 You do not own the MSN allocated to You and Your right to use the MSN ceases once Your access to the Services is cancelled for any reason unless You Port the MSN to another Supplier.
7.3.4 We may be required by the Numbering Regulations to vary, withdraw, suspend or re-assign a MSN We have allocated to You.
7.3.5 Except as set out in clause 7.3.6 below, if, for any reason, You require a new MSN, You may be obliged to pay a fee as set out in the Standard Rate Table and You will forfeit all remaining Call Credits on Your existing MSN.
7.3.6 If You require a new MSN because You have received calls of a harassing nature and You have reported the matter to the relevant law enforcement agency, We may at Our discretion issue a new MSN to You free of charge on the first two occasions. Thereafter, a fee as set out in the Standard Rate Table will be charged. In this situation, any Call Credits remaining on the original MSN will be forfeited.
7.3.7 We are not liable to You for any expenses or losses incurred by You or Your business due to:
8. MSN Porting from another Carrier or Carriage Service Provider to Lebara.
8.1.1 You may be able to Port a MSN You have obtained from another Supplier to us. Should You wish to do so, contact us to initiate the Port.
8.1.2 If in providing the Services to You, Lebara needs to change Your arrangements with Your current Supplier, then Lebara will do so in accordance with this clause.
8.1.3 If You wish to transfer Your existing MSN to Lebara, You must notify us of Your intention to Port when ordering Your Lebara Starter Pack or SIM Pack or when You activate the SIM card.
8.1.4 Porting will take place in accordance with the Australian Communications Industry Forum industry code Mobile Number Portability ACIF C570:2009 (as amended) ("MNP Code").
8.1.5 You acknowledge and agree that:
8.2 MSN Porting from Lebara.
8.2.1 You can Port a MSN You have obtained from Us for use with the Service to another Supplier.
8.2.2 If You Port Your MSN to another Supplier:
8.2.3 You may only Port the MSN, You cannot Port any additional services.
8.2.4 You may only Port an MSN for which You are the authorised customer.
9.1 If You obtain a mobile phone that is lost or stolen, or obtain the Services or a mobile phone under false pretences, Lebara may block Your mobile phone on the Network without Your consent, even if You are not aware it is stolen.
9.2 Lebara is not responsible for any lost or stolen SIM cards. You will be responsible for the charges for all Services used by any other person using Your lost or stolen SIM card.
9.3 If Your SIM card is lost or stolen, You may call Our Customer Care Helpline or email Us at email@example.com to request that Your SIM card be blocked. This will prevent unauthorised calls being made and charged to Your Service.
10.1 Billing
10.1.1 Lebara will not send You any bills, invoices or statement recording calls made from the Service.
10.2 Free Calls
10.2.1 Calls to Emergency service numbers (112 or 000), Customer Care Helpline (126 122) and Recharge (126 123) are free if called from Your mobile phone using the Services.
10.2.2 Lebara may offer free or discounted calls on promotions from time to time, and reserves the right to cease any or all promotions at any time without notice.
10.3 Service Rates and Charges
10.3.1 Once Your SIM card is activated You will be charged for the use of the Service in accordance with the rates and charges set out in the Standard Rate Table for Your nominated planYou. You can check which plan You are on by logging in to My Lebara or calling Customer Service.
10.3.2 Lebara may vary the rates and charges for the Services, including adding extra charges, from time to time, in accordance with clause 1.3. If You continue to use the Services after the entry into force of changes in prices, the new prices will be considered as accepted.
10.3.3 The Standard Rate Tables specify:
10.3.4 The current up-to-date binding standard rates and charges are published at all times in the Standard Rate Table for each plan. A copy of these documents can be found on the Website.
10.3.5 When You activate the SIM card on the Network, You will have available the amount of credit You have purchased. At no time can You convert into cash or redeem Call Credits as cash and You cannot apply Call Credits against any other Services held by You or anyone else with Lebara.
10.3.6 The SIM card may contain an initial credit and/or promotional credit that will be credited to Your account in accordance with the terms and conditions applicable to that offer.
10.3.7 You pre-pay for the Services by Recharging Your account with Us. You do this by purchasing Recharge vouchers, or otherwise purchasing additional Call Credits and following the procedures are set out in each Services Description.
10.3.8 Your pre-payments for Recharge vouchers or additional Call Credits otherwise purchased by You are not repayable by Us nor are interest payable on any credit You have with Us. Each time the Services are used by You (or someone else using Your mobile phone), Your Call Credits are reduced, by reference to the relevant rates and charges in the appropriate Standard Rate Table, save for those Services that are Included Services within any of Lebara's 30 day plans.
10.3.9 The call charges for international calls are in accordance with Your nominated plan and charged per minute and will be rounded up to the next whole minute. Therefore the minimum call charge shall be for one minute at prevailing rates plus any flagfall which may be applicable.
10.3.10 The call charges for national mobile and landline calls are in accordance with Your nominated plan and charged per minute and will be rounded up to the next whole minute (save for those Services that are Included Services within any of Lebara's 30 day plans). Therefore the minimum call charge shall be for one minute at prevailing rates plus any flagfall which may be applicable.
10.3.11 When determining the time at which a call is placed, the time used will be the local time at the mobile switching centre through which the call first passes. This will not necessarily be the local time at the place the calling party is located.
10.3.12 You will not be charged for Unsuccessful Calls.
10.3.13 Unless stated otherwise, the charges payable for the Services in the Agreement are inclusive of GST. Where the charges are expressed to be exclusive of GST, You must pay an additional amount to any GST payable on the supply of the Services.
10.3.14 Except in the case of an obvious error or subject to applicable Laws, Our records determine how much Your account is Recharged and the rate of use of the Services. Subject to applicable Laws, Lebara will only refund monies where We have charged You an incorrect amount.
10.3.15 For the avoidance of doubt any physical Recharge voucher shall expire by the date stated on the voucher (if any).
10.3.16 Please be aware that purchase of the Recharge voucher or additional Call Credits via the internet or electronically is not always secure. Subject to any applicable Laws, Lebara is not liable for any loss or damage, however resulting, from Your purchase of Recharge vouchers or additional Call Credits.
10.3.17 If You owe Us any money and this is not paid when it should have been paid, We may recover this from Your Call Credits. We may charge You interest daily on the unpaid amount at the rate of 15% per annum above the 30 Day Average Bid Bank Bill Swap Reference Rate last published in the Money & Bond Markets Section of the Australian Financial Review from time to time.
Please see the Lebara Website http://www.lebara.com.au/offer for the most up to date bundle and promotional offers (if any).
12.1 Personal Information
12.1.1 Lebara may collect, use, store and disclose Personal Information about You in compliance with relevant legislation and in accordance with the Lebara Privacy Policy at www.lebara.com.au/privacy.
12.1.2 You acknowledge and agree that, by providing Your Personal Information to us and/or by using the Services, You confirm that You have read and understood and agree to adhere with the terms of the Lebara Privacy Policy.
12.1.3 Calling Line Identification will be automatically activated on commencement of the Services. If You do not want Your number displayed, it is Your responsibility to deactivate this functionality.
12.1.4 If You wish to make any payment to Lebara using a credit card, Lebara may store Your credit card details in accordance with the "Terms and Conditions governing the collection, use and disclosure of credit card details". A copy of these Terms and Conditions will be made available to You upon Your request to register Your credit card.
12.2 Identification
12.2.1 You acknowledge that Lebara and other suppliers of pre-paid GSM services are required under applicable Laws to ask customers for evidence of their identity and that:
12.2.2 You must provide Lebara with any change in Your residential address and other customer details provided to Lebara within 14 days of any change by calling Our Customer Care Helpline, or emailing Us at email@example.com
13.1 Customer Care services are available by calling 1300 126 122 from a landline, or 126 122 from Your Lebara Mobile.
13.2 Calls to Customer Care are charged at the rate shown in the Standard Rate Table.
13.3 Any questions, issues or complaints regarding the Service can be sent:
13.4 Should You feel a complaint is not satisfactorily resolved, You may be entitled to raise certain matters directly with ACMA, the Australian Consumer and Competition Commission or the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman.
13.5 The National Relay Service ("NRS") makes it easier for You to contact Lebara if You are deaf or have a hearing or speech impairment. The NRS numbers are:
13.6 For translating and interpreting services over the telephone, the Translating and
Interpreting Service ("TIS") National may be of assistance. The TIS contact number is: 131 450
14.1 Lebara and its Related Bodies Corporate will not be liable in contract, tort (including negligence) or otherwise for direct or indirect losses, damages, inconvenience or expense arising under or in connection with the Services and Your use of it, loss of revenue, loss of use, lost business or missed opportunities or for any loss or damage that is indirect and/or was not reasonably foreseeable at the time these terms and conditions were entered into.
14.2 You may have certain rights and remedies under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) and other laws, which may imply certain conditions and warranties into the Agreement. Lebara does not exclude or restrict or modify those rights, remedies or implied conditions and warranties where it is unlawful to do so. All other terms, conditions, warranties, undertakings, inducements and representations, whether express or implied, relating to the supply of the Services are excluded.
14.4 Subject to any applicable Laws which cannot be excluded, including the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), Lebara has no liability to You or to any other person for:
14.5 You shall at all times indemnify and hold Lebara, its Related Bodies Corporate, and its partners and associates, harmless from and against claims for loss, damage, costs and expenses howsoever arising (directly or indirectly) resulting from Your breach of any provision of the Agreement, use of Services and/or any unauthorised or illegal acts or omissions.
14.6 Lebara relies on third parties to carry calls made in Australia to international destinations. Calls carried by third parties are outside the control of Lebara and You agree that Lebara is not in any way liable for any loss, damage, costs and expenses howsoever arising (directly or indirectly) suffered by You resulting from the carriage of these calls, including, but not limited to, the quality, connectivity or delay in the connection of these calls.
15.1 These acknowledgements and obligations are in addition to and not in substitution of any acknowledgements and obligations elsewhere in the Agreement.
15.2 You acknowledge and agree that:
15.3 Lebara supplies the Services (and each individual service) for the purpose of:
15.4 In using the Services, You must:
15.5 In addition to Your obligations under the terms of the Agreement, You must not:
15.6 If You breach clause 15.3, 15.4 or 15.5 in respect of the Services or an individual service then Lebara may, in addition to and without limiting its other rights, immediately suspend or terminate the Services or the individual service by giving notice to You.
15.7 You acknowledge that subject to any applicable Laws, including the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), Lebara gives no warranty as to the performance or characteristics of any software supplied in connection with the Service.
15.8 You must not reverse the charges on any telephone call or accept a reverse charged call. This applies if You loan/give Your mobile to someone else.
15.9 The maximum call length is 1 hour, 58 minutes and 0 seconds.
15.10 At Our discretion We can refuse to provide any part of the Services to You. If You feel that Your mobile phone should not be barred, please contact Us on Our Customer Care Helpline or via email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
16.1 Subject to applicable Laws which cannot be excluded, Lebara shall not be liable to You or be deemed to be in breach of the Agreement by reason of any delay in providing, or any failure to provide any of Lebara's obligations in relation to the Services, if the delay or failure was due to any cause beyond Lebara's reasonable control.
16.2 This includes, but is not limited to, the following: Network failure; Services' suspension dictated by the Network provider in order to carry out repairs, maintenance or updating; where required by Law or in order to protect You against any possible harm; war; accident; civil commotion; military action; act of terrorism; vandalism; judicial action; labour dispute; an act of a government or a government authority; acts of God; earthquake, fire, flood, or other natural calamity; computer viruses or failure of the internet or delay; or failure or default by any other Supplier.
17.1 The title and goodwill attaching to the names, trademarks, copyright, brands and logos of Lebara shall remain vested in Lebara at all times.
17.2 The intellectual property in the SIM card, Services (including the software) ("IP") does not belong to You and is supplied to You, under licence, by Lebara for proper use of the Services only. You may not copy any of the IP. If the mobile phone, SIM card and associated products are disconnected from the Services or if We change the IP, You must either destroy the SIM Card or return it to Us, as We may request. If it is not returned, on request by Us, You must pay for the SIM card (or its replacement) at the price stated in the Standard Rate Table at that time.
17.3 For the duration of the contractual relationship, Lebara grants You a non-transferable and non-exclusive right to use the Services and associated mobile products provided by Lebara in accordance with the Agreement. Lebara or the licensor fully retains the rights to all corresponding Intellectual Property Rights. If a Customer, in connection with the Agreement, infringes licensing rights of third parties and Lebara is held liable therein, the Customer shall hold and indemnify Lebara harmless against any such claims.
18.1 You are permitted to transfer rights and obligations arising from the Agreement to third parties only with the prior written consent of Lebara, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld. In registering with Us, the assignee is deemed to have accepted the terms and conditions of service contained in the Agreement and all liabilities (e.g. debt) associated with that SIM card.
18.2 Lebara is entitled to transfer this contract and novate its rights and obligations to any party without Your consent at any time and You appoint Lebara as Your lawful attorney to execute all documents and to do all acts necessary or desirable to give effect to any such assignment or novation.
19.1 Place of jurisdiction and applicable law
The Agreement and the supply of the Services will be subject to the laws of New South Wales, and You irrevocably agree to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of New South Wales in respect of any dispute arising from the Agreement.
19.2 Information
Lebara may give to and receive from other Suppliers information about Your Service, including particulars of calls and call charges.
19.3 Entire Agreement
The Agreement contains the whole understanding between You and Lebara to the exclusion of any prior or collateral Agreement or understanding of any kind relating to the Services.
19.4 No reliance
You acknowledge that You enter into the Agreement entirely as a result of Your own enquiries and that You do not rely on any statement, representation or promise by Lebara or on Lebara's behalf not expressly set out in the Agreement.
19.5 Waiver
No failure or delay on the part of any party in exercising any right, power or remedy under the Agreement in a timely manner shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor does it constitute acceptance of the matter, unless it is agreed in writing and signed by both parties hereto.
19.6 Notice
A notice issued under the Agreement must be in writing and will be taken to be received:
19.7 Survival
A finding that any provision of the Agreement is, or has become, invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under applicable law shall not affect or impair the validity, legality or enforceability of any other provisions of the Agreement provided that this does not materially prejudice either party in their respective rights and obligations of the Agreement.
19.8 Conflict
In the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of the Agreement and any advertising materials, these terms and conditions shall take precedence.
If You require Your usage history, You can access up to twelve months of usage through My Lebara. Alternatively, You can contact the call centre and we can provide the information in PDF format. Unfortunately, we do not keep records after twelve months.
21.1 In the Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:
Unless the contrary intention appears or the context otherwise requires, the words, terms or expressions set out below where used in the Agreement shall have the respective meanings set out below.
ACMA means the Australian Communications and Media Authority.
Activate/Activation means the initial activation of the Services pursuant to clause 2.4.4.
Agreement means the Lebara Prepaid Mobile Services Standard Form of Agreement and any other documents validly incorporated by reference and has the meaning given on page 1 of this document.
Appendix 1 means Appendix 1 to this document, which contains Lebara's Standard Rates and Charges.
Call Credits means the amount of money You have in Your balance, from which Lebara will pay for the services used by You.
Carrier has the same meaning as defined in Section 7 of the Telecommunications Act.
Carriage Service Provider has the same meaning as defined in Section 87 of the Telecommunications Act.
Customer means any natural person, legal entity or partnership that uses the Services provided by Lebara and is deemed to have accepted the Agreement.
Customer Care means the customer service facilities provided by Lebara from time to time.
Customer Care Helpline means 1300 126 122 if You are calling from a landline, or 126 122 if You are calling from Your mobile phone.
Emergency means a situation which, unless immediately remedied, has the potential to endanger life or safety or causes an immediate risk to property.
GSM means the Global System for Mobile communications cellular network.
GST means the goods and services tax under A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 that may be in force in Australia from time to time.
IMEI Blocking means blocking the mobile phone so that it cannot be used on any GSM network.
Intellectual Property Rights includes any rights associated with inventions, copyright, designs, trade marks, trade names, service marks, indicia of origin, business names, patents, petty patents, innovation patents and includes any right to apply for any of the above rights.
Interruption/Interrupts in the supply of goods or a service means a delay in supplying, a failure to supply or an error or defect in the supply of, those goods or that service.
Law/s means any:
Lebara/We/Us/Our means Vodafone Australia Pty Ltd trading as Lebara Mobile (ABN 76 096 304 620)whose registered office is at 177 Pacific Hwy, North Sydney NSW 2060
Lebara Standard Plan means the Lebara Standard Plan adopted and introduced by the Company on or around 30 March 2009, further details of which are set out in the Lebara Services Description.
Lebara Services Description means the Services description of all Lebara Plans, a copy of which can be found on the Website and which forms part of the Agreement
Lebara Mobile means a mobile phone provided to You by Lebara in for use with the Services, or otherwise compatible with the Services.
MSN means a Mobile Service Number allocated pursuant to the Telecommunications Numbering Plan 1997.
Network means the Vodafone network which is used to supply the Service and which We resupply to You as set out in the Service Description.
Network Locking means that the mobile phone has been programmed to work only on one of the GSM networks.
Personal Information has the same meaning as defined in the Privacy Act .
Port/Porting means the transfer of a MSN between suppliers of telecommunication services.
Privacy Act means the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), as amended.
Recharge means pre-paid recharge vouchers which when activated give the customer an amount of Call Credit.
Related Bodies Corporate has the meaning given in section 50 of the Corporations Act 2001.
Service and Services means the Lebara pre-paid digital telecommunications service and other such services as Lebara may provide to You from time to time.
Services Description means the Lebara Services Description and any services description of other plans adopted and introduced by the Company from time to time.
SIM card means the subscriber identity module card, to be used with a mobile telephone handset to enable use of the Services.
SIM Pack means the SIM card and collateral provided by Lebara to begin using the pre-paid mobile Services. No mobile phone is provided with the Lebara SIM pack.
Standard Rate Table means the table containing Lebara's standard rates, tariffs and charges for each plan, attached at Appendix 1.
Starter Pack means the SIM card and collateral provided by Lebara to begin using the pre-paid mobile Services.
Supplier means a Carrier, Carriage Service Provider, telecommunications service providers or equipment suppliers which supply a public mobile telecommunication service to Customers.
Telecommunications Act means the Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth), as amended.
Unsuccessful Call means a call which is not successfully connected to a called number (a called number includes a number to which a called number diverts, which may also include connecting through a switch or PABX or similar system), including where:
Website means the Lebara website at www.lebara.com.au as updated from time to time.
You or Your means the Customer who has contracted with Lebara for the supply of the Services.
Buying a recharge voucher or topping up Your account is represents an exchange of cash for Lebara credit. The way that the Goods and Services Tax (GST) works means that no GST is charged on this transaction. Therefore, we do not provide You with a tax invoice. When You use Your credit to make calls, send messages, use data or spend it in other ways, GST applies to those individual transactions. We are not required to provide tax invoice unless You spend $82.50 or more on an individual call, message or data session. If You need to claim Your usage, please speak to Your accountant or the Australian Tax Office. To substantiate a tax claim, generally You'll need to provide evidence such as call records and the dates and amounts that You recharged with and You can get this from My Lebara.


text:
b. 1911, Montevideo, Uruguay - d. 1995, Montevideo, Uruguay
A founding member of the Taller Torres-García, Matto studied painting as a child before meeting Joaquín Torres-García, the atelier's founder in 1939. Following this encounter and encouraged by the creative environment at the Taller, Matto's artistic production shifted from his early Surrealist-influenced work to paintings and sculptures with markedly orthogonal compositions; these works were often executed on humble material supports such as cardboard and found wood pieces.
At the age of 21, Matto traveled to Tierra del Fuego and acquired the first Pre-Columbian pieces of what was to become a major collection and an important influence on his art. In 1962, Matto opened his collection of Amerindian art to the public. The Museum of Pre-Columbian Art housed ceramics, textiles and sculpture from Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.
The Central Bank of Uruguay commissioned Matto to design a silver coin for the F.A.O. (United Nations Organization for Agriculture and Food). It was in circulation in 1969 and won the first prize from the Gesellschaft für Internationale Geldgeschichte, an international numismatic association based in Frankfurt, Germany.
In 1982, Matto was invited to participate in the First International Meeting for Open Air Sculpture in Punta del Este, Uruguay. He made a U shaped form sculpture in cement placed next to the beach.
His recent exhibitions include "Francisco Matto: Exposição Monográfica," 6a Bienal do Mercosur, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2007; "Francisco Matto: The Modern and Mythic," The Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, Texas, 2009; "Constructed Dialogues: Concrete, Geometric, and Kinetic Art from the Latin American Art Collection," The Museum of Fine Arts Houston, Texas, 2012-2013. His work has also been included in group exhibitions in Paris, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Germany, Moscow, Tokyo, New York, and throughout Latin America.
Gallery exhibition catalogue with essay by Alicia Haber, Illustrated chronology by Cecilia de Torres, 75 color plates, Spanish with English text, 206 pages
Published by Galería Oscar Prato, Montevideo
$ 50.00 + postage
A study of Matto's Matisse inspired paintings of the 1930s & 40s, before he joined the Taller Torres-García; and the relationship between the artist's poetry and his painting
Essays by Lilian Uribe and Cecilia de Torres; In Spanish and English; 30 color and 40 black and white reproductions, 102 pages, 10¼ x 8½ in.
Published by Galería Oscar Prato, Montevideo & Cecilia de Torres, Ltd., New York
$ 30.00 + postage


text:
The Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS) conducted by a consortium of researchers across Canada and coordinated centrally by the Propel Centre for Population Health Impact at the University of Waterloo. CSTADS is implemented with the cooperation, support and funding of Health Canada.
Propel Centre for Population Health Impact
Faculty of Applied Health Sciences
University of Waterloo
200 University Avenue West
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
Telephone: 519-888-4520