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The primary reason Apple analysts have turned bearish seems to be concern about iPhone 5 demand.
Asian supply chain sources are saying Apple cut its iPhone 5 orders for the first quarter of 2013.
Apple may have put in a bigger manufacturing order under the assumption that the iPhone 5 was going to be hard to make. Turns out it's not that hard to make, so Apple can cut its order.
While that's a relatively benign reason to cut orders, some analysts still think it's a bad sign Apple cut its orders at all. They think, if demand was great, then it would just keep the machines cranking in overdrive, regardless.
And while, that might make some sense, we can think of another reason Apple could start cutting back on its orders of iPhone 5s.
There have been multiple reports of Apple releasing an iPhone 5S, the next iPhone, in June. If Apple really does put out a new iPhone in six months, then it makes sense to cool the manufacturing facilities in the first quarter of the year. It wouldn't want to build a massive inventory of iPhone 5s, if it's only going to replace it a quarter later.
Don't Miss: Why Citi Went Negative On Apple


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Summary: Gollum/Smeagol died a terrible and gruesome death. But imagine, if you will, an alternate ending to Frodo's epic journey - what if our hairy-footed hero had managed to resist the call of the Ring and had destroyed it of his own free will? What would have become of Smeagol then?
Categories: Movie-verse, Book-verse Characters: Gollum
Gollum's Fate by Narya [Responses - 1]

subset: commoncrawl


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Erie County is exploring ways to increase and stabilize funding for Visit Buffalo Niagara, including possibly a dedicated stream of revenues to ensure more reliable financing for the regional tourism agency, county officials told the Buffalo Place board of directors Wednesday.
As part of County Executive Mark Poloncarz' Initiatives for a Smart Economy blueprint, officials said they want to form an advisory board to come up with ways to increase the county investment in the former Buffalo Niagara Convention and Visitors Bureau. Dedicated, direct funding from the county is one option.
That's part of the county's focus on tourism as one of the 12 subject areas for investment that Poloncarz's new plan targets. They also noted that Gov. Cuomo's Western New York Regional Economic Development Council also plans to make an investment in regional tourism, as one of the initiatives to be funded by the state's promised Buffalo Billion.
Currently, Visit Buffalo Niagara has requested $650,000 from the county, said Deputy County Executive Richard Tobe.
"Buffalo, even given our size, is not maximizing the marketing dollars," said Maria Whyte, county commissioner of environment and planning, who also sits on the Buffalo Place board as the county's representative.
Increased funding would be a reversal of previous tourism cuts in past years, under prior administrations. Right now, the agency has a one-year contract with the county, and funding for the agency has been "static" since the infamous "red budget" and "green budget" crisis in 2005 under former Erie County Executive Joel Giambra, she said.
The funding goes hand-in-hand with a proposed feasibility study into building a larger convention center.
"The Convention Center is a 34-year-old facility and it is showing its age," Whyte said. "We know this from the feedback we've been getting about the tired-looking first floor."
Specifically, officials noted that the convention center has 64,000 square feet of convention display space. At that size, it competes for about 740 meetings a year, averaging 750 hotel nights, with visitors staying for 2.5 days.
If it could be tripled in size to 180,000 square feet, Buffalo could compete for 1,200 conventions with 3,000 people coming for 1,500 hotel nights. That could produce a gain of $3.1 million over current revenues, she said.
Developer Paul Ciminelli, who sits on the Buffalo Place board, as well as the Empire State Development Corp. board, applauded the renewed commitment to tourism, but said he worried that a lack of a dedicated funding stream means that another county executive could change course again in the future.
But Tobe said there's never any guarantee. "Whatever one legislature does, another one can undo," he said. "I don't know how you can make it ironclad."
Poloncarz unveiled his Smart Economy program earlier this month, laying out a program of 64 economic development initiatives in which the county can appropriately take part, while not addressing other areas like the medical campus in which the county is not involved. Tobe said the plan builds on what the regional council has already proposed and "recognizes the role that Erie County would be expected to play."
"It's not everybody's plan. But it's a role the county can play," he said. "It assumes partners in every instance."
email: email@example.com


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MACON, Ga. - After an outstanding week on the diamond for the Bisons, Grant Massey was tabbed the Atlantic Sun Baseball Player of the Week, the leauge officed announced Monday.
The junior shortstop combined to go 8-of-18 at the dish with five extra-base hits, three RBI's and seven walks in helping lead the Bisons to three wins. Massey also scored five runs on the week.
Massey blasted his first-career moon shot in Friday's 6-4 loss to Conneticuit.
Saturday against the Huskies, the Auburn, Ala., native touched up UConn's pitching for three doubles in a 4-for-5 day at the plate to pace Lipscomb in a 4-3 win.
Massey had a perfect week in the field, converting on all 20 of his chances.
The Player of the Week distinction is Massey's first-career A-Sun honor.
The Bisons return to action Wednesday when they travel to Western Kentucky for a 4 p.m. first pitch.


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Ultra Clear Panel - The Samsung Ultra Clear Panel absorbs ambient light, reduces reflections and lets the picture come to life. It displays deeper blacks and enhanced contrast for crystal clarity, without glare, so you can see clearly and enjoy more detail.
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S Recommendation - Receive personalized TV and movie recommendations based on your own preferences and what's popular and trending. Just ask your TV things like "what action movies are on" or open the Smart Hub to browse suggestions.
Voice Interaction - Easily control your TV with Voice Interaction. Voice command lets you talk to the TV to search what's on or to perform basic commands such as "last channel," "record" or "turn off." You can also add an accessory camera, which recognizes your hand motions to browse the Smart Hub, play games and more.
Quad Screen Multi-Link - Transform your TV into four screens that can access live TV, video clips and the web all at once. Watch your favorite golf tournament on one screen and search the web for current standings on another. Then watch a video tutorial to master your swing while navigating your Smart TV panel on the fourth screen.
Smart Remote Control - The Smart Remote Control gives you ultimate control of your Smart TV. Select TV functions by talking into the built-in microphone. You can also use the touchpad to navigate quickly, or use the remote like a mouse and simply point and click.
Smart View 2.0 - Turn your compatible mobile devices into a second TV with Smart View 2.0. Whatever is playing on your TV, Netflix, VOD or live TV can be streamed to your mobile device as a second viewing option. This lets you watch your favorite movies, shows and sports all around the house.
Screen Mirroring - Enjoy your entertainment content from your compatible mobile device on your big screen. Screen Mirroring allows you to wirelessly access and share videos, photos and music from your PC, tablet, camera and mobile device to your Smart TV.
Instant On - There's no waiting for this UHD TV to warm up. Your Samsung UHD TV turns on 4 times faster with Instant On, so you can quickly begin browsing apps or watching your favorite movies, sports or shows.
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DTS Premium Sound 5.1 - Delivers immersive 5.1 surround sound from any DTS-encoded content and converts any two-channel audio content into a 5.1 DTS surround sound track for discrete surround sound playback. Experience surround sound with maximum bass response, dialog clarity and consistent volume levels from all your content, including Blu-ray movies, TV programming, streaming and games.
Product Details:
Product Specifications:
Type - UHD 4K LEDScreen Size - 49.5" (Measured Diagonally)Apps Platform - Smart TV with Apps, S-Recommendation and Full Web BrowserDimming Technology - UHD DimmingAnynet+ (HDMI-CEC) - YesHDMI - 4
Full Specifications
Series - Series HU6950
Type - UHD 4K LEDBezel Width - 0.3" ThinStand Type (Color) - T-Shape (Titan Black)
Screen Size - 49.5" (Measured Diagonally)Resolution - 3840 x 2160Clear Motion Rate - 240UHD Up-scaling - Yes
Dolby - MS11Sound Effect - DTS Studio SoundDTS Premium Sound - DTS Premium Sound 5.1Sound Output (RMS) - 10W x 2Speaker Type - Down Firing
Wireless Connectivity
Wi-Fi - Yes
Smart Hub - YesProcessor - Quad CoreApps Platform - Smart TV with Apps, S-Recommendation and Full Web BrowserVoice Interaction - YesMotion Control - ReadySmart View 2.0 - YesSmart Evolution Ready - YesUltra Clear Panel - YesDimming Technology - UHD DimmingWide Color Enhancer - YesConnectShare - MovieRVU - Yes (Direct TV Ready)OSD Language - English, Spanish, FrenchAnynet+ (HDMI-CEC) - YesBD Wise - BD Wise PlusClosed Captioning - YesHistory - YesV-Chip - YesWi-Fi Direct - YesGame Mode - YesOne Connect - ReadyEco Sensor - YesClock & On/Off Timer - Yes
Inputs & Outputs
HDMI - 4USB - 3Ethernet - 1Component - 1Composite In (AV) - 2(1Common Use for Component Y)RF In (Terrestrial/Cable Input) - 1(Common Use for Terrestrial)Digital Audio Out (Optical)- 1Audio Out (Mini Jack) - 1IR out - YesRS232C- 1One Connect - Ready
Product Size (W x H x D) Without Stand - 36.1" x 21.2" x 2.0"Product Size (W x H x D) With Stand - 36.1" x 23.1" x 10.2"Shipping Size (W x H x D) - 41.1" x 25.0" x 6.5"
Product Weight Without Stand - 19.2 lb.Product Weight With Stand - 25.1 lb.Shipping Weight - 29.8 lb.
Power Supply (V) - AC110-120V 60HzTypical Power Consumption - 54WMaximum Power Consumption - 130WStandby Power Consumption - Under 0.5W
DTV Tuner - ATSC / Clear QAM
IR Extender Cable - YesRemote - Samsung Smart Control (TM1460A)Remote Control Battery - YesMini Wall Mount Compatibility - YesVesa Wall Mount Compatibility - Yes (400 x 400)Slim Gender Cable - YesPower Cable - YesUser Manual - YesE-Manual - Yes
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Emergency Lighting: No More Ugly Duckling
Feb 1, 1999 12:00 PM, By Joseph R. Knisley, Senior Editorial Consultant
Once the dread of architects, you can now incorporate emergency lighting fixtures into an innovative design without sacrificing performance.
Thanks to manufacturers of emergency lighting, you don't have to put up with obtrusive and ugly fixtures anymore. That's because they're now designing emergency lighting with aesthetics in mind. In fact, some fixtures are completely invisible. Sound interesting? Read on. Depending on the application and facility, certain types are preferable. Here's what you have to choose from:
• Special designer-type fixtures. You can use these where a completely unobtrusive appearance is of paramount importance. Fitted with an extruded aluminum frame and an acrylic or polycarbonate lens, some models come in full recessed, semi-recessed, and surface-mounted versions. One manufacturer uses a "push the lens" procedure to test proper operation. This unit design is ideal for any interior space where you (or the architect) want to avoid the appearance of emergency lighting equipment. Another interesting variation is the design conceals the fixture and lamp behind a door until activated, as shown in the diagram (above). These virtually invisible compact lighting fixtures preserve the integrity of an architectural or interior design while meeting national and state code requirements. Served by a central battery system, they are available in either ceiling or wall-mounted models.
• Fluorescent emergency ballast. The fluorescent ballast/battery pack converts a standard fluorescent fixture into an emergency light. The unit serves the same linear lamp as the fixture, so there's no exposed equipment to detract from the ceiling appearance. (Some use a separate compact fluorescent lamp as the emergency light source inside the fixture.) Some battery units can operate two or three 32W (4ft) T8 fluorescent lamps, two or three 39W, or two 40W to 55W (4-pin) long compact fluorescent lamps. This emergency fluorescent ballast unit is useful in commercial offices and public buildings, institutional, and health care facilities.
Most are available as dual-voltage models. You can retrofit them in the field or order them as part of the fluorescent fixture for new installations.
Here's how they work. When AC power returns after a power outage, the emergency ballast automatically switches to the charging mode and fully recharges in 24 hrs. You can check the unit for proper operation with a test switch. However, the newest emergency ballasts take some of the hassle out of Code-required testing. Instead of standing on ladders or using an extension device to hold the test switch, you simply use a handheld remote control transmitter to operate the emergency ballast, verifying its operation. You can install an emergency ballast unit inside the ballast channel, on top of the fixture, or remote from the fixture. This inconspicuous positioning inhibits unauthorized tampering and reduces the risk of vandalism. Heat can affect battery operation, so make sure you use units rated for operation at elevated temperatures.
A special version of this type of ballast serves as an uninterruptible interim lighting unit for generator-powered emergency lighting systems. During power failures, auxiliary generators typically take up to 10 sec. to reach speed and generate emergency power. This emergency ballast unit provides high illumination between the time AC power is lost and the emergency generator starts providing power for lighting. The unit operates one 17W to 32W T8, one 20W to 40W T10 or T12, or one 18W to 55W (4-pin) compact fluorescent lamp at high illumination for a minimum of 5 min. It is ideal for hospitals, educational facilities, and industrial plants.
• Unit-type equipment. Compact unit-type battery powered lights (usually using reflector type lamps) are available in fairly unobtrusive models for commercial and institutional environments. They're ideal for schools, hospitals, and offices.
Fitted with LED indicator lights, their design accommodates suspended T-bar ceilings and usually offers four head styles and several battery options. You can mount the battery/charger remotely. Industrial units and explosion-proof versions for special rated applications are also available.
A special version of the unit is the perfect solution to stairwell/corridor egress lighting. This series combines a self-powered full-size exit sign with two emergency lighting heads (some local codes require three heads), thereby eliminating the need for separate emergency light units in many applications.
Generally, power units for emergency lighting systems have built-in test equipment, or procedures, that regularly exercise the unit to ensure proper operation. Failure to successfully complete a test will activate a trouble light. Accessories for unit equipment include a vandal-resistant plastic shield, protective wire guard, and mounting shelf. The battery source can be lead calcium, pure lead, or nickel cadmium.
A vandal-resistant "always on" emergency lighting unit, using one or two compact fluorescent lamps with a polycarbonate diffuser, is a natural choice for apartment house hallways, stairwells, and exit locations.
• HID backup lighting. The NEC requires emergency lighting to back up slow-restrike high intensity discharge (HID) systems. The long restrike time for high pressure sodium (HPS), and even longer time for metal halide (M-H) sources, requires some form of back-up lighting system that's immediately available when power returns. HID sources need from 5 to 15 min. to cool down and restrike after power is lost.
You can specify an industrial HID lighting system to include a tungsten halogen lamp as a backup source within some of the fixtures. Here, you would provide a separate power supply for the tungsten lamp, which usually operates at 120VAC, allowing you to connect it to an emergency generator circuit.
Whenever the unit senses a loss of lamp current, the tungsten source turns on. A time delay following return to normal power keeps the tungsten lamp energized during the HID restrike time.
• Exit lights. Exit light design keeps evolving. Today, compact fluorescent, light emitting diode, and cold cathode light sources are popular. In addition, retrofit LED and compact fluorescent kits are available to convert older exit lights to longer life, lower wattage units.
Many compact fluorescent lamp/ballasts may have a power factor rating of 50% or less. As such, you should use the volt-ampere (VA) rating instead of the wattage rating when doing calculations. This way, you won't overload the circuits serving the equipment.
Many LED exit signs operate on less than 5W per face, whereas the older incandescent lamp models may consume 20W to 40W per face. Manufacturers offer a full line of Energy Star compliant exit signs, using the LED source. Developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Energy Star program promotes the most energy-efficient exit lights on the market today. Although they have a higher initial cost than other sources, Energy Star signs have much lower power consumption as well as lower maintenance costs.
Sidebar: Summary of Emergency Lighting Requirements
Safety requires installed emergency lighting throughout the path of any egress, stairs, aisles, corridors, ramps, escalators, and passageways leading to safety. You must continually illuminate these locations for a minimum of 90 min. For codes requiring longer illumination times, many manufacturers offer UL-listed modes with 2- and 4-hr extended run times.
Transfer of emergency lighting must be automatic, within 10 sec. of the loss of normal lighting power. The emergency lighting unit must provide initial illumination that's no less than an average of 1 footcandle (fc), or 10 lux, and a minimum at any point of 0.1 fc, or 1lux measured along the path of egress at floor level.
The design should not exceed a maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1. Adhering to this ratio minimizes dark-to-bright spots. In addition, you must clearly mark any changes in direction or routes.
If you select a battery source of power for the lighting unit, make sure you know the difference in operation and legal requirements between emergency lighting and other types of battery backup systems. Emergency lighting systems are Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed as Life Safety Equipment. Therefore, they have very stringent requirements in their construction and performance. Thus, emergency lighting equipment must be listed for this category as determined by NEC Art. 700 (Emergency Systems) and NFPA 101 (Code for Safety to Life from Fire in Buildings and Structures). These codes state when, where, and how to use the equipment. They also dictate that all emergency lighting systems have periodic maintenance, with records kept on file of this maintenance.
Under UL Standard 924, battery powered equipment must meet performance testing requirements, since it must provide a specific amount of illumination for 90 min. during a power outage. The UL listing report indicates a specific battery to use within a unit, and this information is included with the system in the form of markings. If you substitute any other battery type in one of these systems, you'll negate its UL listing. Besides, a substitute battery could damage the internal circuitry and cause premature battery failure.
Sidebar: Emergency Lighting Pointers
Lighting the egress path. When specifying emergency lighting for egress paths, visibility of the space is the most important consideration. For more uniform lighting, you may need more sources of lower output light rather than a fewer number of higher output devices spaced more widely.
Areas such as small offices not other otherwise requiring emergency light and normally occupied by five or more people, should have lighting at the door that's equal to the adjacent egress route.
Location of exit lights. Exit lights are, or can be, an integral part of the rest of the emergency lighting system. They should direct occupants to the nearest exit and clearly indicate clearly where that exit is. You must use the word "EXIT" and directional arrows.
Mounting heights (to the bottom of the fixture) are usually between 6.5 ft and 7.5 ft above the floor. You typically mount these above an exit door. During emergencies involving fire and smoke, however, it may be necessary for occupants to crawl along the floor. In fact, some state codes now require the use of low level satellite signs located near the floor. NFPA standards state when low-level exit signs are required, you must place them not less than 6 in. but not more than 8 in. above the floor. NFPA also has specifications for fixture size and letter size of these satellite signs.
Most design considerations for emergency lighting are Code-related. In general, federal, state, and local codes spell out what you need for reliable and sufficient emergency lighting as part of the conditions for a Certificate of Occupancy.


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text:
If you require further information following our Money Box Live programme, you may find the following links useful.
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text:
LONDON -- Aliya Mustafina stood atop the podium, proudly cradling her medal and watching the Russian flag rise.
She dared not even imagine such a scene six months ago, her left knee aching and the ruthless brilliance that had made her the world's best gymnast no longer within her command. Yet she refused to give in, to the pain in her body or the doubts in her mind, and the reward now lay heavy upon her chest.
"I am very, very happy I've won gold," Mustafina said after winning the Olympic title on uneven bars Monday. "Every medal represents its own thing."
No one could appreciate that better than Beth Tweddle.
Tweddle has been at the forefront of the transformation in British gymnastics, winning every prize there is -- except an Olympic medal. She'd come oh, so close four years ago, missing the bronze by a mere 25-hundredths points, and the devastation almost drove her into retirement.
To finally win a bronze Monday in what is surely the 27-year-old's last Olympics, in front of an adoring British crowd, was all that mattered and not the color.
"I tried to say it didn't matter if I didn't medal, but I've got every other title to my name," Tweddle said. "I can now say I would have been devastated walking away with no medal. I am going to sleep easy tonight."
U.S. star Gabby Douglas, meantime, left the floor without a medal for the first time during these games, finishing last in the event.
Though it is her aerodynamic uneven bars routines that earned Douglas her "Flying Squirrel" nickname, a medal was always a longshot. Mustafina, Tweddle and silver medalist He Kexin have far more difficult routines. To have a shot, Douglas would have needed to be perfect while the others made a slew of mistakes.
Her routine lacked its usual electricity, and she stalled as she pirouetted on the high bar. It was the briefest of hesitations, and she quickly recovered. But she needed every last decimal point she could get, and that cost her a bunch. A step on her dismount didn't help and, after politely smiling at the judges, she quickly walked off the podium and headed straight for the sidelines and her gym bag. Her score of 14.900 was the lowest in the eight-woman field.
"I made a little mistake and I paid for it," Douglas said. "You get toward the end of the Olympics and you get kind of drained. ... I've got two gold medals. Overall that's very good."
Mustafina was so dominant at the 2010 world championships it seemed impossible she wouldn't overwhelm the field again in London. She left those worlds with a medal in all but one event, including the all-around gold, and her haughty attitude was as entertaining as her gymnastics skills.
Six months later, however, she blew out her left ACL at the European championships, putting her chances of simply competing in London in doubt.
"Sometimes I did," Mustafina said when someone asked if she ever considered quitting. "But these urges left me quickly."
She threw herself into her rehab, coming back so quickly she actually tried to convince her coach she could compete at the world championships last fall.
But there were only glimpses of her old self, and she was downright dismal at this year's Europeans.
"I did not believe I could do it," she acknowledged. "I was nowhere near in the shape I am now."
On this night, however, she was as brilliant as she's ever been.
Mustafina's uneven bars routine is packed with so many difficult skills it leaves her gasping for air by the time she's finished. But she makes them look easy, flipping and floating from one bar to another. Her execution is exquisite, her toes perfectly pointed, her legs razor straight.
When she landed, she threw up her hands in triumph and turned on a megawatt smile. When her score of 16.133 flashed, coach Evgeny Grebenkin picked her up in a bear hug, and chants of "ROSS-EE-YAH!" (Russia) rang out.
She now has a complete set of medals, following her silver from the team competition and bronze from the all-around.
"I was hoping very much I'd done everything I could to win it," Mustafina said. "It's the worth of all the hard work I've put in."
Tweddle might have given Mustafina a real run for the gold had she not landed low on her dismount, needing to take two steps back to steady herself. But after her disappointment four years ago, any medal was as good as gold for Tweddle.
"I saw myself in third and I thought: 'Please don't be fourth again,'" she said. "I just can't put into words what it means to me."
The British have become a surprise force in gymnastics -- they won four medals at these games -- and it was Tweddle who led the way. Her bronze at the 2003 world championships was the first world medal for a British woman, and she won Britain's first world title, on uneven bars, three years later. She has since added two more world titles, one on floor exercise in 2009 and another on bars in 2010.
"It's the best feeling in the world," Tweddle said after securing her bronze. "It's the one medal that was missing from my collection and I've always said I don't care what color it is."
Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.


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And they lived happily ever after!
I started this strip over 9 years ago. Since then my mother's passed away, I've fallen in love, gotten married, gone back to school, had a baby, another's on the way, and yesterday was my 39th birthday. So, a lot has happened. It's been nice to have this as a constant in my life, but I feel it's time to move on. I'm going to try answer the questions I think you'll have. Feel free to ask more in the comments section.
Why am I stopping?
Part of it is that I want to grow as a cartoonist. I want to work in other areas, like hybrid comics: part writing/part comics. Part of it is that I've been writing female-centric comics for so long, and now that I have a son, I want to write something for him. But I don't want to change Princess Planet to be something new. I want to let it be what it is. There was a spark that made me decide to stop. My wife was looking at me colouring Epic Sail and said "You spend a lot of time on that". I realized that I've set up a certain expectation of full-colour, 6 panel work with Princess Planet, and now I feel like exploring work that's more immediate, and of varying length, and varying update schedules. I've never missed an update in 9 years, except when portioning out guest strips, and that took a lot out of me. It's time for a bit of a vacation.
Will there be a collection?
I've pitched a collection to one publisher already, but who knows what will happen? If you really want a collection talk to your favourite kids book/comic book publisher and tell them to collect it. Put it on their radar. With my growing family size, I don't have room in my apartment to store boxes of self-published books. If you want to be kept informed about possible collections, or other Princess Planet news, you can email SignUp @ theprincessplanet.com and I only email you if I have important Princess Planet alerts.
Will there be more Princess Planet?
I've made a 12 page pdf, called The Danger of the Dinosorcerer, with a self-contained adventure for Princess Christi and Princess Boo. I haven't asked you guys for money before (except the few of you who bought prints at shows -thanks!), so I hope you don't think it's unclassy of me, but I'm offering it as pay-what-you-want download (minimum $1 Canadian). It's all new material. So, if you want to use it as a tip jar, and give me some money in exchange for the enjoyment you've received from the strip, that would be much appreciated. If you just want to buy it to get 72 new panels of Princess Planet, that's cool too. If you don't want to pay anything, you're not missing out on an integral story line or anything, and you can always reread this strip. You get it by clicking on this link.
I don't think the website will have any new strips, but there might be new pdfs for sale – either because you demand it with your dollars/comments/emails, or if I get struck with a story that I just have to share. I'm not ending the strip because I feel like I'm done with the characters and world. I'm not sick, or tired or Princess Planet. I'm just interested in trying other things.
What's next?
Over the past couple of years I've been working on a book for OWLKids, called Draw Out the Story: 10 Secrets To Creating Your Own Comics. I'm really proud of how it turned out. It focuses on how to tell stories with comics, rather than on teaching you how to draw. You can draw in any style, or write in any genre, and the book will be helpful. If you're interested in the comic-making process, check it out. (And if you click on the link when you buy/pre-order it, I get a bit more cash than if you don't). This link is to the softcover but there's a hardcover too. I'll be having a launch party for it on September the 21 at The Little Island in Toronto. It's an amazing all kids comic shop on Bathurst St. Here's a few sample panels from the book.
Beyond that, I'm not sure what my next big project will be. In my spare time I've been working on a video game with a programmer friend, but that is years away from completion. I've also been working on little strips here and there, and pitching full-length graphic novels to publishers. I'm also updating a tumblr off all the pop culture portmanteau I don't use in Princess Planet. This strip has never been a place to drop a Star Wars or Doctor Who joke, so GarbageBarf has been a place to get that out of my system. What's mostly taken up my time in the past year has been looking after my son full-time. My wife's got the steadier income, so I've been looking after the little man and fitting in comics when he's napping or visiting nana. And you can of course read my Alex & Charlie comic every month in Owl Magazine.
I want to thank all of the readers who have been involved in making this a fun experience. I really enjoyed the banter we got going. I enjoyed seeing you riddle out the extra gags. I think there was only one troll in the run of the strip. So I want to thank all the commenters, especially those who got into the double digits: Ribuprissin, RavenBlack, ColdFusion, Golux, mdf, Lars, Hoppy, Reynard61, Nonsensicles, Lightbulb, Scarodactyl, Proteus, Alice Quinn, Anonymous, Bok, Anton Sherwood, Blue Night, Daniel, Dante Wynter, Varkarrus, USB, Sam, Kim, The Blonde One, das, littebeast, sirbacon, Emma, Toner, DSil, Aeonsama, Tamfang, Jai, KNO3, Mary Tee, Philosopher Zurg, CatzCradle, and Fat Sweaty. And thanks to everyone who drew Fan Art for the strip: Lars, Daniel, Hambot, and Kathleen! Big up to the people who covered the strip, El Santo at Webcomics Overlook, Alice Quinn at TDot Comics, Hansel Moreno at ReadComicBooks and Jenn at The Dragon podcast. Thank you to the readers who came back to read the strip but didn't feel the need to comment; the silent majority is much appreciated. A HUGE thank you to everyone who referred a friend and recommended someone else check out the strip. I want to thank my friends and peers for supporting me with encouragement, and guest strips, especially Steven Charles Manale who put up with me calling him for help with punchlines a lot. All the Transmission-X crew. And of course to my amazing wife, who helps me figure out what is funny and what is not. You are all awesome wizaardvark warbarian typhoonicorns!


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MLK Day march showcases S.A. diversity
Obama's inauguration brings joy to many.
A hundred thousand people marched on the East Side to celebrate Martin Luther King Jr.'s legacy and the simultaneous second-term inauguration Monday of the nation's first black president.
The yearly tradition is regarded as the largest MLK Day march in the nation, attracting dozens of community groups, T-shirted employees of corporations and government agencies, and tens of thousands of rank-and-file citizens of diverse cultural and racial backgrounds.
Organizers estimated that 100,000 people walked the nearly 3-mile route in spring-like weather, most of them honoring King and President Barack Obama.
The event also has evolved into something of a First Amendment free-for-all, a constantly moving soapbox for a variety of agendas and viewpoints. Participants represented City Council candidates, starkly opposing views of marriage equality, various strands of environmentalism, anti-abortion advocacy and the anti-politics of Occupy San Antonio.
At its heart, however, the event still was about King, with many marchers saying Obama embodied his dream of equal opportunity and justice. Many carried signs that pulled directly from King's iconic speeches and displayed his image, often alongside Obama's. Loudspeakers broadcast King's "I Have a Dream" speech from storefronts, churches and homes, spurring applause.
"This is a glorious day," former Mayor Henry Cisneros said as he waited for the march's start at 10 a.m. "This is a way that San Antonians can state their dedication to our country and its principles, such as justice for all, in a concrete way. ... I saw a sign that read, "Rosa sat so that Martin could march so that Barack could run.' Isn't that something?"
It was the march's 26th year since Cisneros created the MLK commission to throw city support behind it.
Faith groups were plentiful, from Livingway Church congregants to Eckankar members, Catholic parishioners to Buddhists. Freethinkers from San Antonio marched alongside local Sikhs, whose appearance was a first — 14 members of Sikh Dharamsal, one of two such temples in San Antonio.
Sikhs here stepped up efforts to take part in community events after the mass shooting last August at a Wisconsin temple, said Harvinder Singh, a volunteer director. Their religion, which began in India, introduced concepts of racial, gender and economic equality that U.S. Sikhs have found harmonious with King's legacy, he noted.
As marchers streamed past George Bernal's home, he remembered when MLK Drive was a two-lane, gravel-topped road with very little traffic.
"It's changed quite a bit," Bernal said, as waves of color, people and signs passed by. "It's quite enjoyable because the people are at peace."
Bernal's home has been a fixture along the route since the march began for his display of portraits of King and other leaders of world peace and his playing a recording of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."
In another tradition, the Clay and Nobles families have offered marchers a quick bite of breakfast at a house near the start of the route.
"It's a blessing to our family and friends," said Orvis Clay, who started cooking pork chops, eggs, bacon, sausage, chorizo, biscuits, toast and grits at about 4 a.m. Local churches donate food and money.
It was only the second year that Girls Incorporated of San Antonio, a nonprofit for girls 6 to 18, took part in the march. Joi Stevens, 17, said it was a chance to show younger members they can be "what they want to be."
"They need to see they're ready to take on any challenge," she said.
Members of the San Antonio Family Association held a sign promoting traditional marriage, visible to the marchers as they approached Interstate 10: "Man plus woman equals marriage." It drew support and denouncement, including middle fingers and chants of "shame" by pro-gay rights groups. A man walked up to block the first syllable of the word "woman," prompting cheers and copycats.
At the end of the route, thousands gathered at Pittman-Sullivan Park, welcomed by 24 members of the Toros Motorcycle Club, who had watched the start of the march, then rode around it.
Their participation dates to 1999 — they used to ride with the marchers but it "was too hard on our clutch handles," said Willie "Hawkeye" Lindsay, president of the San Antonio chapter. "We're a predominantly African American motorcycle club, so it's a civic responsibility to show our support."
A program of music, speeches and a large-screen video feed of Obama's inauguration finished the day.
"King showed us that people could live in peace with one another," said Father Kevin Fausz, who gave the invocation and is pastor of the East Side's Holy Redeemer Catholic Church. "That we could value the diversity and the giftedness that each person is endowed with by their Creator and that every person has a rightful place at the table. It's the work of everybody to bring that about."
The keynote speaker, the Rev. Frederick D. Haynes III of Dallas, challenged the audience to work for King's dream all year.
"If we want to make this more than a moment, we need to make it a movement," he said. "We must deal with unjust systems that continue to make the dream a nightmare."
Bishop David Copeland, the city's MLK commissioner, said he hopes to extend the spirit of the march into the new year by offering a summer program for high schoolers that would include a bus tour of civil rights landmarks in the South.
"The more we get young people to understand the philosophy and purpose of Dr. King, the better we'll be down the road in terms of conflict resolution," Copeland said. "There won't be so much polarization in our community."
email@example.com, email@example.com
Sarah Tressler contributed to this report.


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Elijah Paintsil
Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Disease), of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) and of Pharmacology; Associate Professor of Pharmacology
Departments & Organizations
Pediatrics: Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology: Secondary Faculty
School of Public Health: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS | Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases
Office of International Medical Student Education
Virology Laboratories
Yale Cancer Center: Virus and Other Infection-associated Cancers
Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS): Biochemistry, Quantitative Biology, Biophysics and Structural Biology (BQBS) | Molecular Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology
Yale Institute for Global Health
MacMillan Center: African Studies
Office of Cooperative Research
The Paintsil laboratory focuses on increasing our understanding of the host determinants of individual differences in response to antiretroviral therapy; biomarkers and pathogenesis of increasing incidence of cancers in HIV treatment-experienced individuals.
Education & Training
|Ghana Medical School
|Yale University School of Medicine
|Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY
|Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY
|Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
Honors & Recognition
American Academy of Pediatrics, Fellow (2003)
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), Member (2003)
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Member (2002)
Professional Service
Yale University (2009 - Present) Global Health Leadership Initiative
(2003 - Present) Council, African Studies
Infectious Diseases Research Sao Paulo, Brazil (2009)
Capacity building
1. Studying the effect of malaria during pregnancy on mother-to-child-transmission of HIV. 2) Surrogate biomarkers for monitoring HIV therapy and disease progression of Pediatric HIV in resource limited setting Accra, Ghana (2006)
Yale-Ghana Partnership in Global Infectious Diseases Research with the mission of accelerating progress in Infectious Diseases and Public Health research in Africa through collaborative partnerships that effectively build intrinsic research capacity, reverse "brain-drain" by strengthening academic...


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Creation & Re-Creation: 2013 Fall Conference at Reformation Bible College
Does God care about truth? Clearly, the answer is yes, for the words He speaks are truth itself (John 14:6). Is God concerned with goodness? How could he not be, since "no one is good except God alone"? (Mark …Read More
Nathan Clark George
Nathan Clark George is musician at Parish Presbyterian Church in Franklin, Tenn.


text:
RedEye's favorite holiday gift ideas 2012
Confused as to what gifts you should get for people on your holiday list? RedEye wants to help. Staff members picked out these ideas at three doable price points. Happy holidays from RedEye! Want more? Discuss this article and others on RedEye's Facebook page.
Copyright © 2019, Chicago Tribune


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ClearerTypeAugust 07, 2006
A nice new feature of IE7 I noticed last week: ClearType is now a browser-specific feature.
When Windows XP was released in 2001, Microsoft launched ClearType as a way of smoothing on-screen fonts. Great, except for some reason, it was off by default. Most users never found the setting to enable it, so for the past 5 years, we've still had to assume users are seeing ugly pixellated fonts on the web.
But Vista aside, even in the forthcoming IE7 for XP, ClearType is a browser-specific setting and it's enabled by default. Combine this with IE7's presumed quick march onto user's systems, and we're going to see a whole lot of ClearType in the near future.
Nicely done, IE team.
Try using ClearType for any period of time on a CRT and you might find out why it is off by default in XP; remember, it is designed to work on the subpixel level of TFTs :] Oh, and it was possible for application to use it since the beginning (it's just that programmers did respect the system wide setting in this case until now - I wonder why…)
Anyway, as I do not have the slightest clue about the current percentage use of TFTs I have no idea if this a good thing or not.
But why is ClearType so great? I understand anit-aliasing, and that's great, but ClearType makes text look blurry to me.
I love Cleartype, and got in the habit of enabling it on any PC I worked on, even when it wasn't mine, but I think it's a bit weird enabling it for an application rather than a system - I think it should respect the system preference, rather than be set on individual apps. If I, for whatever reason, disable Cleartype in the system, I want all apps to respect that…
Great find!
I've long always just enabled it on desktops of people that I come across who are not using it. This is one area where I really wonder how people have just lived with ugly fonts for so long. I guess they just didn't know any better.
I really hope the adaption rate for IE7 is as fast as we assume it will be.
I'm glad they enable it by default. Being used to OS X I can't stand going to a Windows machine and not having anti-aliasing for screen fonts.
It still looks very welfare (think food stamp) compared to Safari and Quartz. I don't understand what's to hard, but they seem only capable of doing a half-ass job with rendering type.
What I wonder is why Microsoft doesn't have a decent non-subpixel anti-aliasing option, like "Standard" in OS X.
Whilst ClearType is certainly a Good Thing™, even on CRTs I find (sometimes with a bit of a tweak using the PowerToy) and as useful as it is to use as Web Developers that IE is going to force it on and as a Mac user it doesn't directly affect me any more, I still have the same reservation as Paul Haine above.
ClearType is a system preference. That's the only way that makes sense. Microsoft screwed up not having it switched on by default in XP but their solution should be to pop on a new Windows update that gives you a big, unavoidable visual-comparison style choice as to whether to enable it or not. Push people to switch it on (like they did with Automatic Updates in SP2). Encouraging individual apps to implement their own ClearType setting is just opening up a world of pain for application consistency for the rest of XPs life, and it'll inevitably carry over into Vista as well which will be a real shame.
Actually can you imagine people still have CRTs? Even people running Windows XP. On older CRTs ClearType can look really bad.
This setting was a typical MS choice, disabled by default for everyone and available for people with better hardware. MS even released a Power Tool for ClearType.
Paul, Ben – good general point, I think I agree with it too. But I can't see any way Vista won't have ClearType on by default system-wide, so this strikes me as more of a temporary kludge for those who don't upgrade from XP for a while.
Maybe the better route would have been to have a Windows XP Update flip the system-wide switch, but I'm happy enough if this is all we get in XP.
I just tried it here at work, and no thanks.
ClearType on my Dell 24" LCD is shithouse. It's like my monitor has been smeared with Vasoline.
Why is this so hard? My Powerbook looks beautiful.
> Encouraging individual apps to implement their own ClearType setting is just opening up a world of pain for application consistency for the rest of XPs life
Yeah I think the installer should instead ask whether Clear Type can be enabled system-wide, or at least apply the setting only to users with a LCD display.
But that kind of thinking would benefit Firefox and Opera too.
On a old 15 inch CRT now, ClearType is a godsent. I love it – and it's good that IE7 has it on by default so people can finally learn about it after 5 years.
Does ClearType only benefit poorer quality TFTs?
I've tried it on both my Samsung's at home and my IBM at work, it just gives text a purple blur, making text a pain to read.
I remember trying CoolType on my old half-dead CRT when I first got XP, it looked more like standard antialiasing, I quite liked it.
Text looks great on Macs and Linux (standard antialiasing), I don't see why we can't have that.
Hi Dave,
I don't think it's "a browser-specific feature" and that eventuallly one won't be able to turn off in Vista.
At least, that's what I hope it will be like, cos' ClearType really IS nice. (And also the fact OS X users won't be able to mock anymore with our poor fontrendering :D)
Above that: Office 2007 beta also has on ClearType by default (and it can be disabled). If you haven't tried it yet, you must really do.
A satisfied user (yes, they do exist!)
You can tune cleartype either by going
to a MS site (IE only) http://www.microsoft.com/typography/ClearType/Tuner/Step1.aspx
or by downloading a little app
These two options allow people to turn on cleartype if they don't allready have it on, and once on you can choose how bold/antialiased you want it. I've never had problems with any of the many laptops and desktop LCDs I've used.
I think that you guys that have problems should try use one of the two apps and see what you're not seeing :)
I tried the PowerToy app, and I managed to reduce the purple effect, but black text still looks like a mash of other colours.
When I take a screenshot and zoom in using photoshop, I can see why it looks like this. It's because it is actually is like this. Black text is now made up of oranges and purples.
ClearType only seems to improve italic fonts, which is probably why they seem to use it all over the place on their demo site above.
How can black text become clearer by adding orange and purple? Surely this can only benefit poorer quality TFTs that mess up the image in a way which turns the orange and purples back into black.
If you find ClearType an advantage, can I ask what TFT you're using? Is it running in its native resolution?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClearType has a good explaination of the technology and also explains why I see a mash of colours.
"ClearType and similar technologies work because human vision is much more sensitive to variations in intensity than it is to variations in color."
This is also the basis of JPEG compression, so I can't deny it's the case, but perhaps my eyes (and others who don't like ClearType) are more sensative to chrominance than average, or all the monitors I've used aren't matching pixels and dots uniformly (I've tried a lot).
I don't like it and agree with Kevin's earlier comment about it making the text look blurry. I like the rawness of the pixels.
I'm not sure why MS decided not to enable any sort of font smoothing by default in XP. Personally, I preferred Standard over ClearType any day. As someone stated earlier, ClearType for me looked like someone smeared Vasoline on my monitor. Standard seemed to do the trick, however I really only enjoyed the effect on larger type sizes. Headings on webpages looked great, while the smaller font sizes had a bit of a mushy feel to them.
I agree with people about it being very annoying that it doesn't respect the system-wide setting but for me it's great on my main monitor. It looks crap on my secondary LCD monitor though.
Clear Type technology is only bad quality parody to Mac OS X Quertz (see this comparison: http://www.pixy.cz/pixylophone/obrazky/cleartype_vs_quartz.jpg )
Mac OS X antialiased text seems like printed, but MS Clear Type text is pain to read. This is the reason why it was off by default. Even Linux has better anti-aliasing then Microsoft. Just try these systems side by side, Clear Type is definitely the worst and Mac OS X the best.
At work I have two machines, my monitor has two hookups but my older machine doesn't have DVI (while the new one does). So I'm forced to use DVI for one and the old VGA for the other. Honestly ClearType looks tons better through the DVI. It might have to do with other interference issues. But I have Cleartype turned on with my new machine and off with the older one. Maybe a weaker symbol is hampering others?
I do agree wholeheartedly… OS X destroys Windows with this stuff.
Has anybody else noticed that IE7 popup blocker is now blocking popups from any link which has a target="_blank" – I thought blockers were supposed to be disabled on user initiated links but it seems by default IE7B3 has it on "KILL ALL WINDOWS" mode…
Is this just me? – I have not had the time to research.
Apple has the great advantage that they have a very limited range of hardware where their stuff has to work. If one hooks up a non-Apple LCD to a Mac and it looks crap then it's the LCD's fault, but if one hooks up the same LCD to a Windows machine it's Microsoft's fault…
As for the original topic, a decent anti-aliasing for IE was over-due, but in my opinion Opera still show the best performance of all the Windows browsers in this respect.
I have a quick solution for those of you who don't like ClearType. Turn it off and forget about it.
Anyone who does like it. Keep it on and enjoy it.
There's no need to post the same complaints over and over again. I swear some people just like to read their own writing.
As for the mac os anti-aliasing looking better, if you compare that image martin posted (thank you) it's clear to see that the mac makes the fonts look more bold than the windows version. Couldn't you just tweak cleartype to a more bold setting?
I don't think the post is about how well ClearType works on a particular display but wheather it is on by default and in what situations.
To me it is simply another reminder of the many variations in a users visual experience.
Björn, you might try user the ClearType Tuner (that Ben mentioned indirectly) for adjusting ClearType on a CRT. After tweaking, I prefer having ClearType enabled…
I should have mentioned that you'll have to open up IE to use the tuner, of course:P
Phillip thanks for those tools, but why do I need them? My Mac's version of this tech is beautiful. It's just another example of poor quality copying from our friends in Redmond.
If I turn on ClearType in its default state my PC becomes unusable. I certainly can't program on it anymore, I'd go blind.
There is no setting I can get in the ClearType tools linked that give acceptable results.
A shame.
Seeing as how IE is usually faster for me than Firefox, I see the list of reasons to use Firefox dwindling, and myself possibly switching back to IE…
As pointed out by others, ClearType tends to work best on LCD monitors. When WinXP was released in 2001, I'm guessing the percentage of users (who were expected to get WinXP) who had LCD monitors was probably not high enough to justify enabling it by default - as noted, it can look bad on older CRTs, but on some it doesn't look bad. (Though I suspect some of it is subjective.)
Five years later, it probably makes sense to enable it by default. Though, sometimes it's hard to speculate that a majority of users will have a technology just because it's cheap or widespread. I remember even a few years ago, hardly any PC games/software were released on DVDs because market research indicated a majority *still* did not have DVD drives.
Or, as a current example, take DVD burners: They're dirt cheap ($40 CDN or less for a dual-layer burner), but I'm willing to bet that most computers (not just ours, or those of tech-saavy people) do not have them.
Peter's right. I bought my first LCD in 2001. A 15" Viewsonic that ran about $400-500. It wasn't a deal for sure, but I had less deskspace than brains or money at the time. Now a 20" or 21" runs in the $300-500 range and 17" lcds run regularly under $200.
However, while it does make sense to enable it by default, I think it should remain a system wide setting as some other have stated. On the other hand, there may be circumstances where having the ability to disable it on a per-application basis could be useful.
Okay, it's been a while since anyone's made an original point, so after this marker I'll be aggressive about deleting comments that don't say anything beyond:
- ClearType looks better on LCDs
- ClearType is great/horrible
- It should be enabled system-wide instead of on a per-app basis.
Initially I thought it looked blurry with ClearType, and I was having a hard time looking at it. CRT & LCD.
Then you stop looking for the pixels *on* the screen, and start looking ever so slighlty *through* the screen. Bit like those auto-stereo-ooh-its-a-sail-boat things.
My eyes are more relaxed, I don't squint at the screen so much because I don't have to work out where every pixel is to form the letters. Like normal book reading you start scanning the words, instead of peering at every letter. Our brain was designed for softer shapes anyway, not pixellations.
And if its inclusion in IE7 means I can design so that other people see what I see, especially large italic fonts, then all the better. Although I can hear "that IE7 is so much better than Firefox, look at the text…" , which would be very infuriating!
May not contain original material.
I'd always thought that ClearType wasn't on by default because on hardware that was around at XP's inception, it actually causes a noticeable performance hit. It certainly did for me on my old Athlon XP 1800+ (with integrated graphics admittedly). I left it off on that machine for that reason, and have only begun using it permanently since upgrading to a much faster machine with a 6600GT graphics card.
Thanks for bringing this to my attention, Dave. I enjoy the feature so to me this is good information you've shared.
Like Tim, I had a very hard time adjusting to ClearType on my Laptop LCD (and I still don't use it on my Desktop CRT).
When I friend tried to convert me, I wretched at the way it looked, and refused for months to switch over. Every once in a while, however, I would try it out for a while. Finally, I started liking ClearType more. Certainly, it looks more blurry when you compare to "Standard" (which seems to do nothing) or "nothing". However, when I switch back to standard now, my eyes hurt and I wretch at the ugliness.
Simply put, it just takes getting used to. I am now happy with ClearType, I think it has made my screen easier to read. But the transition was not easy!
I love ClearType, but there are still fonts it doesn't smooth, like the ones used for dialogue boxes in Illustrator. Agh!
Like Tim and Ryan I also had a hard time getting used to ClearType. Finally I switched over, like Ryan said, "it just takes getting used to". I've tried going back but it just isn't as readable.
On my 19" CRT ClearType is brilliant I love it – Im not entirely convinced that it's good that IE7 has it on by default though.
Didn't even know before that such thing exists - just tried it today and so far it's great. But I think that having it enabled/disabled per application is actually a good idea since ClearType is good for web pages an such but not so great when it comes to work with monotype fonts like, for example, Courier. I had to switch font to DejaVu Sans Mono in my IDE to make it usable again.
I think the point of this entry was that ClearType was initially only activated from within the Windows OS and now can be activated from within the IE 7.0 browser. When I first installed IE 7.0 beta, I was pretty horrified by the quality of the text on my large LCD monitor and started to get a headache. It took me about 24 hours to figure out it was ClearType and another 24 hours to figure out how to turn it off. I also tried to "tweak" the settings, but that apparently only effects the OS CLearType settings (which I had already turned off). Note this was two beta versions ago, so they may have fixed that by now.
Regardless of whether you offer ClearType or not, or whether it is default or not, or whether it is controlled by the OS or the browser settings, I would highly recommend that there be an easy way for the user to know what it is and how to turn it off and on.
Cleartype control is appallingly bad on the Office 2007 beta. I've managed to turn it off (at the Word app level) for Outlook, but persists in the sender and subject fields!
So now I've got crisp body text and blurry sender fields, which just serve to constantly remind me what a bunch of muppets the MS designers are!
People are going to want Cleartype off, or Cleartype on, for all their apps. They are *not* going to want a mix of aliased and anti-aliased within the same application.
This is slightly off-topic, but I understand that the version of ClearType in Vista will somehow be an improvement over the one in XP. Hopefully those improvements will include making it easier for people to adjust to their individual taste.
As for myself, I've been using ClearType for the last five years and find it vastly better than nothing or than XP's "standard" anti-aliasing option. I'm glad to see it getting more exposure in IE7.
@Jeff: Office 2007 is in beta. It's an old software joke (and truism) that beta is Latin for "it doesn't work yet."
I think, that clear type feature looks worst than no antialising method on LCD monitors. For me is better readable looks better no antialiased text with common fonts (verdana, tahoma or with font here).


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Announcements from the Rep
Caps and Gowns are shipped either to the school or to your Jostens representative to be handed out in the spring at school at the schools discretion.
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[From the back of the box]:
"The ultimate sport of kill-or-be-killed is now an explosive new experience, with mind-blowing new ways to move like lightning and annihilate enemies.
For the first time, pilot a formidable force of battle vehicles that tear across the land, skies and deep space. Load up pulverizing new weapons. Storm across 40 never-before-seen arena maps. Move faster, fly higher and shoot further."
Unreal Tournament 2004 fan


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Make the Most of Your Visit
From Midwinter2008
One of the best guides for visitors (the best I've found so far!) for exploring the city of Philadelphia is gophila.com. Includes Things to Do and a Calendar of Events, guides to Hip and Family Friendly Philadelphia, Podcast Tours, and more.
Also plenty of information on historic sites... walk in Ben Franklin's footsteps or hit some of Rocky's hot spots.
Another useful guide to the historic district is ushistory.org's virtual tour.
Streetscapes of Philadelphia, including the Convention Center area, are now available from Google's Street View


text:
© Norman Parkinson Archive/ Iconic Images
The Beatles (George Harrison; Paul McCartney; Ringo Starr; John Lennon)
by Norman Parkinson
bromide print, 12 September 1963
9 7/8 in. x 14 7/8 in. (250 mm x 378 mm) image size
Given by Norman Parkinson, 1981 in conjunction with the NPG exhibition 'Norman Parkinson: 50 Years of Portraits and Fashion'
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How do I not overdo it tomorrow?January 2, 2013 at 10:33 pm | Posted in Me, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 2 Comments
Tags: aches, arthritis, fatigue, flare, flare-up, joint pain, knee, R.A., RA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatology, sleep, stiffness, stress, tiredness, work
Today was my first day back at work – knee flare seemed to be pretty much over: the swelling had gone right down, it didn't feel terribly hot, but it was achy now and then. Hurrah.
However, now the other knee had started to ache – RA, or just a reaction to me walking 'funny' because of the left knee flaring? I don't know – but to add to the mix, today being my first day back at work meant it was also the first day since the holidays where I haven't spent a significant amount of time with my feet up – and I'm really feeling that this evening, as I sit here typing with an ice pack clamped between my knees, and the heat pack waiting for me in bed!
Here's the thing though – we're moving offices tomorrow!
Fortunately hubby has the day off and has been volunteered, slightly unwillingly but with good grace, to be my feet, and the facilities manager in the building is also going to help us lug stuff, and then my two colleagues are both fairly fit … so hopefully I can pull out a conductor's baton from somewhere and just direct operations!
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Beginners Robotics Guide : Motors
by, 03-05-2010 at 08:52 PM (21270 Views)
This article covers the 3 main types of motors which are used in robotics namely the DC motor , Stepper motor and the Servo motor. The article also gives various circuits which can be used to drive the motors . This article is a must for all those starting out or are confused about motors .
Nearly all the robots we make have motors be it servo , stepper or some other unless you are using stuff like pneumatics , synthetic muscle etc . Any way coming back to the point there are mainly 3 types of motors
DC Motors
DC motors are widely used in robotics because of their small size and high energy output. They are excellent for powering the drive wheels of a mobile robot as well as powering other mechanical assemblies.
Ratings and Specifications
Several characteristics are important in selecting a DC motor. The first two are its input ratings that specify the electrical characteristics of the motor.
Operating Voltage.
If batteries are the source of power for the motor, low operating voltages are desirable because fewer cells are needed to obtain the specified voltage. However, the electronics to drive motors are typically more efficient at higher voltages. Typical DC motors may operate on as few as 1.5 Volts or up to 100 Volts or more. Robotics often use motors that operate on 6, 12, or 24 volts because most robots are battery powered, and batteries are typically available with these values.
Operating Current.
The ideal motor would produce a great deal of power while requiring a minimum of current. However, the current rating (in conjunction with the voltage rating) is usually a good indication of the power output capacity of a motor. The power input (current times voltage) is a good indicator of the mechanical power output. Also, a given motor draws more current as it delivers more output torque. Thus current ratings are often given when the motor is stalled. At this point it is drawing the maximum amount of current and applying maximum torque. A low voltage (e.g., 12 Volt or less) DC motor may draw from 100 mA to several amperes at stall, depending on its design.
Usually this is specified as the speed in rotations per minute (RPM) of the motor when it is unloaded, or running freely, at its specified operating voltage. Typical DC motors run at speeds from one to twenty thousand RPM. Motor speed can be measured easily by mounting a disk or LEGO pulley wheel with one hole on the motor, and using a slotted optical switch and oscilloscope to measure the time between the switch openings.
The torque of a motor is the rotary force produced on its output shaft. When a motor is stalled it is producing the maximum amount of torque that it can produce. Hence the torque rating is usually taken when the motor has stalled and is called the stall torque. The motor torque is measured in ounce-inches (in the English system) or Newton-meters (metric). The torque of small electric motors is often given in milli-Newton-meters (mN-m) or 1/1000 of a N-m. A rating of one ounce-inch means that the motor is exerting a tangential force of one ounce at a radius of one inch from the center of its shaft. Torque ratings may vary from less than one ounce-inch to several dozen ounce-inches for large motors.
The power of a motor is the product of its speed and torque. The power output is greatest at about half way between the unloaded speed (maximum speed, no torque) and the stalled state (maximum torque, no speed). The output power in watts is about (torque) x (rpm) / 9.57.
DC Motor Control
To control a DC motor we have to first convert the Digital 01 output into one which can drive the motor for this we use the HBridge . Given below is a simple HBridge circuit
When both the points A & B are "HIGH" Q1 and Q2 are in saturation. Hence the bases of Q3 to Q6 are grounded. Hence Q3,Q5 are OFF and Q4,Q6 are ON . The voltages at both the motor terminals is the same and hence the motor is OFF. Similarly when both A and B are "LOW" the motor is OFF. When A is HIGH and B is LOW, Q1 saturates ,Q2 is OFF. The bases of Q3 and Q4 are grounded and that of Q4 and Q5 are HIGH. Hence Q4 and Q5 conduct making the right terminal of the motor more positive than the left and the motor is ON. When A is LOW and B is HIGH ,the left terminal of the motor is more positive than the right and the motor rotates in the reverse direction. You could have used only the SL/SK100s ,but BC148 used have a very low hFE ~70 and they would enter the active region for 3V(2.9V was what I got from the computer for a HIGH) . You can ditch the BC148 if you have a SL/SK100 with a decent value of hFE ( like 150).The diodes protect the transistors from surge produced due to the sudden reversal of the motor. The approx. cost of the circuit without the motor is around Rs.40.
After the Hbridge is you wish to control the power of the motor this can be easily done with a PWM based control
Pulse Width Modulation
Pulse width modulation is a technique for reducing the amount of power delivered to a DC motor. Instead of reducing the voltage operating the motor (which would reduce its power), the motor's power supply is rapidly switched on and off. The percentage of time that the power is on determines the percentage of full operating power that is accomplished. This type of motor speed control is easier to implement with digital circuitry. It is typically used in mechanical systems that will not need to be operated at full power all of the time.
Figure illustrates this concept, showing pulse width modulation signals to operate a motor at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the full power potential.
Stepper Motors
The shaft of a stepper motor moves between discrete rotary positions typically separated by a few degrees. Because of this precise position controllability, stepper motors are excellent for applications that require high positioning accuracy. Stepper motors are used in X-Y scanners, plotters, and machine tools, floppy and hard disk drive head positioning, computer printer head positioning, and numerous other applications.
Stepper motors have several electromagnetic coils that must be powered sequentially to make the motor turn, or step, from one position, to the next. By reversing the order that the coils are powered, a stepper motor can be made to reverse direction. The rate at which the coils are respectively energized determines the velocity of the motor up to a physical limit. Typical stepper motors have two or four coils. For more information on stepper motors you can read the stepper motor tutorial on the website . Any way here is a very simple stepper controller
Servo Motors
Servo motors incorporate several components into one device package:
* a small DC motor;
* a gear reduction drive for torque increase;
* an electronic shaft position sensing and control circuit.
The output shaft of a servo motor does not rotate freely, but rather is commanded to move to a particular angular position. The electronic sensing and control circuitry -- the servo feedback control loop -- drives the motor to move the shaft to the commanded position. If the position is outside the range of movement of the shaft, or if the resisting torque on the shaft is too great, the motor will continue trying to attain the commanded position.
Servo Motor Control
A servo motor has three wires: power, ground, and control. The power and ground wires are simply connected to a power supply. Most servo motors operate from five volts.
The servo controller receives position commands through a serial connection which can be provided by using one I/O pin of another microcontroller, or a PCs serial port! The communication protocol, that is used for this controller, is the same with the protocol of all the famous servo controllers of Scott Edwards Electronics Inc., this makes this new controller 100% compatible with all the programs that have been written for the "SSC" controllers...! However, if you want to write your own software, it is as easy as sending positioning data to the serial port as follows:
Byte1 = Sync (255)
Byte2 = Servo #(0-15)
Byte3 = Position (0-254)
So sending a 255,4,150 would move servo 4 to position 150, sending 255,12,35 would move servo 12 to position 35.
The standards of the serial communication should be the following: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no parity.
The control signal consists of a series of pulses that indicate the desired position of the shaft. Each pulse represents one position command. The length of a pulse in time corresponds to the angular position. Typical pulse times range from 0.7 to 2.0 milliseconds for the full range of travel of a servo shaft. Most servo shafts have a 180 degree range of rotation. The control pulse must repeat every 20 milliseconds. This pulse signal will cause the shaft to locate itself at the midway position +/-90 degrees. The shaft rotation on a servo motor is limited to approximately 180 degrees (+/-90 degrees from center position). A 1-ms pulse will rotate the shaft all the way to the left, while a 2-ms pulse will turn the shaft all the way to the right. By varying the pulse width between 1 and 2 ms, the servo motor shaft can be rotated to any degree position within its range.
To build your own servo controller for servo motors go to 16 channel serial servo controller for robotic applications
For question and queries please use the forums
References :


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After years of fruitless negotiations, the United States may soon face an unfamiliar problem in its long confrontation with Iran: Are we willing to take yes for an answer?
Negotiators are scheduled to meet again in Geneva this week to try to move toward an agreement that would put reliable limits on Iran's nuclear program — limits strong enough to reassure other countries that the mullahs cannot build a nuclear weapon.
Officials on both sides say they are still a long way from a deal, but they also describe the talks as an important moment of opportunity. Iran's new president, Hassan Rouhani, wants a deal to lift the international sanctions that are crippling his country's economy, something he promised to try to achieve during his election campaign last spring.
The challenge, of course, is that Iran wants minimal limits on its freedom but maximum relief from economic sanctions. The United States and its allies want the opposite combination, a deal that would dismantle much of Iran's nuclear program before most sanctions are lifted.
And the two sides will have to cut their deal in the face of intense mistrust and political sniping on both sides. Only last week, Iranian hard-liners staged their annual "Death to America" rally outside the long-shuttered U.S. Embassy in Tehran, and Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, felt compelled to defend his negotiators against charges that they are giving too much away.
On Capitol Hill, meanwhile, American hard-liners have made it clear they want to toughen sanctions on Iran, not relax them.
"Sanctions are the only way to prevent a war," Sen. Mark Steven Kirk (R-Ill.) said last week. "Just leave [them] in place and let the Iranians run out of money."
Sen. Robert Menendez (D-N.J.), chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, has drafted a bill to escalate sanctions further.
One positive sign: Both sides have agreed on a structure for the talks. In a first phase, between now and the end of the year, they'll try to reach an interim agreement that would freeze Iran's nuclear program in exchange for what U.S. officials have described as modest relief from sanctions. As described by U.S. negotiator Wendy Sherman, the idea would be to "put time on the clock … so we have time to negotiate a comprehensive agreement." An important part of the interim deal, she told an Israeli television interviewer, would be that any sanctions relief be "limited, temporary [and] reversible."
Under one proposal being discussed, Iran would get access to some of the billions of dollars in oil earnings that the sanctions have effectively frozen in bank accounts around the world — but the regulations that froze the assets would remain in place, and the money could be turned on and off like a spigot, depending on Iran's behavior.
That's phase one. Phase two would be another round of negotiations to reach a final deal — one that, in U.S. eyes, would include limits on Iran's nuclear program so strenuous that no other country, including Israel, would worry about Iranian nuclear weapons again.
To Western nuclear experts, such an agreement would have to cover a daunting list of issues. It would need to eliminate Iran's stockpile of highly enriched uranium, either by shipping it out of the country or by reducing it to a less dangerous form. It would need to limit Iran's ability to enrich nuclear fuel by reducing the number of centrifuges in the country. It would need to stop the new Arak nuclear reactor from producing plutonium. And it would need to impose intrusive international monitoring to ensure that the agreement was kept.
But to get such a deal, the United States and its allies would almost surely have to relax one long-standing demand: that Iran end all nuclear enrichment.
From Iran's standpoint, that is a deal-breaker, warned Robert Einhorn, a State Department nuclear negotiator during the Clinton and Obama administrations. "Rouhani and his negotiating team have … indicated a willingness to accept constraints on a domestic enrichment program, but never a willingness to give it up altogether," he said. "The hard-liners [in Tehran] would pounce on any deal that could be portrayed as a humiliating surrender."
On Capitol Hill, too, the hard-liners are waiting to pounce. For years, the U.S. position has been that Iran must end its enrichment program, and pro-Israel organizations say that should still be the goal. And Congress is still discussing tougher sanctions, a move Obama administration officials say would backfire by causing the negotiations to collapse (and potentially cause international sanctions to unravel too).
Congress should back off. In recent history, moments of opportunity between Iran and the U.S. have been rare. This one shouldn't go to waste.
A nuclear deal with Iran, if one can be struck, will deserve tough scrutiny. But we have to be willing to take yes for an answer.
Twitter: @DoyleMcManus


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Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (1)
Cultural (1)
- Pyu Ancient Cities (2014)
Sites on the Tentative List (16)
A Tentative List is an inventory of those properties which each State Party intends to consider for nomination. More about the Tentative List Process...
- Bagan (1996)
- Wooden Monasteries of Konbaung Period: Ohn Don, Sala, Pakhangyi, Pakhannge, Legaing, Sagu, Shwe-Kyaung (Mandalay) (1996)
- Badah-lin and associated caves (1996)
- Ancient cities of Upper Myanmar: Innwa, Amarapura, Sagaing, Mingun, Mandalay (1996)
- Myauk-U Archaeological Area and Monuments (1996)
- Inle Lake (1996)
- Mon cities: Bago, Hanthawaddy (1996)
- Ayeyawady River Corridor (2014)
- Hkakabo Razi Landscape (2014)
- Indawgyi Lake Wildlife Sanctuary (2014)
News (5)
- Director-General of UNESCO expresses solidarity with the people of Myanmar after earthquake in Bagan Friday, 26 August 2016
- Myanmar's first site inscribed to World Heritage List Sunday, 22 June 2014
- Director-General Visits the Buddhist Monuments of Bagan Wednesday, 8 August 2012
- Italy announces support to UNESCO for Safeguarding Cultural Heritage in Myanmar Wednesday, 14 December 2011
- Paper Series N°12 "The State of World Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (2003)" Monday, 4 April 2005
Events (2)
- International World Heritage Youth Forum: Living with Heritage: Temple, Environment and People (T.E.P.) 08-Jun-2013-17-Jun-2013
- UNESCO Regional Workshop on Periodic Reporting Follow-up for North-East and South-East Asia 12-Dec-2005-16-Dec-2005
Acceptance of the Convention:
Friday, 29 April 1994
Source: Official Relations (UNESCO/ERI)
UNESCO Country page
Permanent Delegation of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to UNESCO
UNESCO Country page
Permanent Delegation of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to UNESCO
H. E. Mr Kyaw Zeya
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to France, Permanent Delegate
World Heritage
- UNESCO Worldwide (UNESCO/ERI)
- Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO/CLT/ITH)
- Cultural Heritage Laws Database (UNESCO/CLT/NATLAWS)
- Ratified Convention (UNESCO/LA)
- Biosphere Reserves (UNESCO/SC)
- Documents & Publications (UNESCO/UNESDOC)
- Multimedia Archives (UNESCO/MSS/BKI/ISS)
- UNESCO transparency Portal


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Journal Article
Innovation, Organizational Learning Orientation and Reverse Knowledge Transfer in Multinationals Companies pp47-55
© Jan 2014 Volume 12 Issue 1, Special Edition for ECKM 2013, Editor: Monika Petraite, pp1 - 82
Look inside Download PDF (free)
Abstract: Today, innovation is considered one of the main source of competitive advantage for the companies. For multinationals companies (MCNs) innovation is particularly important because they have more challenges to face than domestic organizations. MNCs have also a potential advantage for developing innovations, as they have access to new ideas and knowledge generating in the different locations they operate in. But this potential advantage can only become real if MNCs are able to transfer the knowledge they acquire in one of their locations to the others. This paper analyses the relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation in MNCs. In particular, this research focuses on knowledge transfer from the subsidiaries to the headquarters (reverse knowledge transfer). In addition, this paper studies the effect of the firm´s learning orientation as a mediator in the relation between reverse knowledge transfer and innovation. These relationships are tested using a sample of 104 Spanish MNCs. Our findings show that reverse knowledge influences indirectly on the headquarters' innovation through its effect on the firm's learning orientation. These findings have implications for both academics and practitioners.
Keywords: Innovation, Knowledge Management, Reverse knowledge transfer, Learning orientation, Multinationals Companies, MNCs
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GOODYEAR, Arizona -- Ubaldo Jimenez allowed three runs in seven innings of the Cleveland Indians' 4-3 loss to the Chicago Cubs on Sunday.
He gave up three hits, including back-to-back doubles to Anthony Rizzo and Alfonso Soriano in fourth inning. He struck out three and walked one.
Chris Rusin shut down the Indians in 5 1-3 innings. The left-hander allowed singles by Mike Aviles and Nick Swisher. He walked three and struck out three.
Michael Bowden pitched a scoreless 123 innings for Chicago. Casey Coleman gave up two runs in two-thirds of an inning and Jensen Lewis allowed a run in the ninth.
Aviles hit a two-run single off Coleman in the eighth.


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Can teen violence be stopped?
WASHINGTON (SBG) - New questions about the country's juvenile justice system have arisen after a teenager with a prior record allegedly killed a Maryland police officer last week.
National correspondent Michelle Macaluso has more about teen violence and how to stop it in the video player above.


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Missouri Legislature nears mandatory quitting time
For the fourth straight year, Missouri lawmakers were entering the final day of their annual session with a proposal to overhaul the state's numerous tax credit programs still lingering as a remote possibility.
Facing a mandatory quitting time of 6 p.m. Friday, legislative leaders planned to make one final attempt to pass legislation that would create several new business incentives while scaling back the amount of tax credits awarded annually for the renovation of historic buildings and the construction of low-income housing.
The agenda for the final day could also include one last attempt in the Senate to refer a transportation sales tax to the 2014 ballot.
Even if both of those matters fail, Republican legislative leaders already were declaring the session a success. They highlighted the passage of a potential $700 million income tax cut, new labor organization restrictions, numerous pro-gun measures, a tweak of the state's education laws governing unaccredited schools and a bill that would restock an insolvent state fund for disabled workers, among other things.
The tax credit overhaul also was listed as a priority by some lawmakers and Gov. Jay Nixon when the annual session began in January. But as in the past, House and Senate members had different opinions about how greatly the state should curtail the historic and low-income housing tax credits.
A plan being circulated for final-day consideration would reduce annual tax credits for historic preservation projects to $90 million from the current cap of about $140 million. It would gradually lower the cap for the main low-income housing tax credit to $110 million annually from the current $135 million.
House Speaker Tim Jones called those "significant cuts," though some senators said the reductions still did not go far enough.
The proposal also would create several new incentives for businesses, including ones targeted at computer data centers and investors in startup technology companies. And it would extend the expiration date on a somewhat controversial tax credit that has allowed a developer to amass a large amount of land in north St. Louis.
"It's the first time we've moved a significant tax credit reform bill this far into the process," said Jones, R-Eureka. "Now it's really up to the Senate as to whether or not they want to bring this across the finish line, or if they can."
Senate Majority Leader Ron Richard, R-Joplin, said he was going to make an attempt to do so Friday.
But Sen. Brad Lager, R-Savannah, said he would block the legislation.
"There is no agreement on a tax credit reform bill," Lager said. "These people are drunken sailors. … They cannot quench their thirst to spend. No way is that bill passing."
Similar measures have failed in each of the past three regular legislative sessions and in a fall 2011 special session that had been called by the governor for the specific purpose of overhauling the state's tax credit programs.
Last year, Missouri redeemed about $629 million of tax credits, which directly reduce the amount of money the state receives in tax revenues.
In addition to the broad-based bill curtailing and creating tax credits, another measure pending on the final day would merge four of Missouri's current business incentives into a new program called Missouri Works. In general, the new program would make it easier for businesses to qualify for incentives but would also give the Department of Economic Development greater flexibility in determining how much aid they should get.


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In conventional UNIX systems, the root user, also referred to as superuser, is all-powerful. Programs that run as root, or setuid programs, are all-powerful. The root user has the ability to read and write to any file, run all programs, and send kill signals to any process. Effectively, anyone who can become superuser can modify a site's firewall, alter the audit trail, read confidential records, and shut down the entire network. A setuid program that is hijacked can do anything on the system.
Role-based access control (RBAC) provides a more secure alternative to the all-or-nothing superuser model. With RBAC, you can enforce security policy at a more fine-grained level. RBAC uses the security principle of least privilege. Least privilege means that a user has precisely the amount of privilege that is necessary to perform a job. Ordinary users have enough privilege to use their applications, check the status of their jobs, print files, create new files, and so on. Capabilities beyond ordinary user capabilities are grouped into rights profiles. Users who are expected to do jobs that require some of the capabilities of superuser assume a role that includes the appropriate rights profile.
RBAC collects superuser capabilities into rights profiles. These rights profiles are assigned to special user accounts that are called roles. A user can then assume a role to do a job that requires some of superuser's capabilities. Predefined rights profiles are supplied with Solaris software. You create the roles and assign the profiles.
Rights profiles can provide broad capabilities. For example, the Primary Administrator rights profile is equivalent to superuser. Rights profiles can also be narrowly defined. For example, the Cron Management rights profile manages at and cron jobs. When you create roles, you can decide to create roles with broad capabilities, or roles with narrow capabilities, or both.
In the RBAC model, superuser creates one or more roles. The roles are based on rights profiles. Superuser then assigns the roles to users who are trusted to perform the tasks of the role. Users log in with their user name. After login, users assume roles that can run restricted administrative commands and graphical user interface (GUI) tools.
The flexibility in setting up roles enables a variety of security policies. Although no roles are shipped with the Solaris Operating System (Solaris OS), three recommended roles can easily be configured. The roles are based on rights profiles of the same name:
Primary Administrator – A powerful role that is equivalent to the root user, or superuser.
System Administrator – A less powerful role for administration that is not related to security. This role can manage file systems, mail, and software installation. However, this role cannot set passwords.
Operator – A junior administrator role for operations such as backups and printer management.
These three roles do not have to be implemented. Roles are a function of an organization's security needs. Roles can be set up for special-purpose administrators in areas such as security, networking, or firewall administration. Another strategy is to create a single powerful administrator role along with an advanced user role. The advanced user role would be for users who are permitted to fix portions of their own systems.
The superuser model and the RBAC model can co-exist. The following table summarizes the gradations from superuser to restricted ordinary user that are possible in the RBAC model. The table includes the administrative actions that can be tracked in both models. For a summary of the effect of privileges alone on a system, see Table 8–2.Table 8–1 Superuser Model Versus RBAC With Privileges Model
User Capabilities on a System
Superuser Model
RBAC Model
Can become superuser with full superuser capability
Can log in as a user with full user capabilities
Can become superuser with limited capabilities
Can log in as a user, and have superuser capabilities, sporadically
Yes, with setuid programs only
Yes, with setuid programs and with RBAC
Can log in as a user with administrative capabilities, but without full superuser capability
Yes, with RBAC and with directly-assigned privileges and authorizations
Can log in as a user with fewer capabilities than an ordinary user
Yes, with RBAC and with removed privileges
Can track superuser actions
Yes, by auditing the su command
Yes, by auditing profile shell commands
Also, if root user is disabled, the name of the user who has assumed the root role is in the audit trail


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The Department of Revenue administers tax laws in a fair, consistent and efficient manner that supports the state and local budgets, which allow Indiana to be a highly desirable place to live, work and do business. In accomplishing that mission, the Department provides tax services to assist Hoosier taxpayers in resolving their tax issues and concerns and develops tax regulations and directives based on Indiana tax laws.