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Again this morning, we are coming to Matthew 10, and I would call your attention to verses 5-15. Let me read those verses as you follow along; that will become the setting for our message from the Lord's Word.
After having named the twelve apostles, Matthew writes, "These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, 'Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter not; but go, rather, to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. And as ye go, preach, saying, 'The kingdom of heaven is at hand.' Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons; freely ye have received, freely give. Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor copper in your purses, nor a bag for your journey, neither two coats, neither shoes, nor yet a staff; for the workman is worthy of his food. And into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, inquire who in it is worthy, and there abide till ye go from there. And when ye come into a house, greet it. And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it; but if it be not worthy, let your peace return to you. And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet. Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Day of Judgment, than for that city.'"
As we look again at this text, we are reminded that our Lord has trained the Twelve, and He is now about to send them out for the first time. This is part of their training, but it is also part of their sending. That is, they are going not only to be trained, but they are going to preach the Gospel as well, to a harvest of lost, scattered, shepherdless souls. Don't think for a minute that the Lord has only in mind their education in their being sent; He has in mind the salvation of open-hearted people as well.
So it is a twofold mission: evangelism is their primary job, and their own training is secondary, so that they will be better ready when they are fully, finally and officially sent out in their permanent ministry after the coming of the Holy Spirit. Our Lord was in the process of discipling them, of building them up so they could reach their generation with the Gospel.
Our own college pastor, Allen Hadidian, has written a very insightful and helpful book called Successful Discipling, and all of us should read and be familiar with it. In the book, he has an excellent definition of discipling. He writes, "Discipling others is the process by which a Christian with a life worth emulating commits himself for an extended period of time to a few individuals who have been won to Christ, the purpose being to aid and guide their growth and maturity, and equip them to reproduce themselves in a third spiritual generation."
The heart of what he is says is this: discipling is a process whereby an individual commits himself to others for an extended period of time to bring them to the place where they can reproduce themselves in the next generation. That is exactly what our Lord did. Our Lord was committed to giving Himself for an extended time to a few men so that they could be brought to maturity and equipped to reach their generation.
We are in the midst of this process as we study Matthew 10, and it is a key stage in their training. They would get a taste of what it's like to evangelize, a taste of what it is to step out of the fold, if you will, to leave the protective care of the Shepherd and hit the world. In verses 5-15, we see the principles for their mission, in verses 16-23, the reaction to their mission, and finally, the cost of being a representative of Christ closes out the chapter.
They had been with our Lord for some time, many months by now. They had seen His miracles, heard His unequaled teaching about the Kingdom; they had learned how to live, believe, trust. They had learned how to pray, and they are now ready to be sent to evangelize the towns and villages of Galilee, to reach that vast harvest of souls that our Lord saw in Matthew 9:37, those shepherdless sheep of verse 36. The multitude had been prepared in a way - they had seen enough and heard enough so that the ones of them who were open were open. All they needed was someone to give them the message.
So the Lord sends forth what we call the original missionaries, the first twelve sent by Christ Himself. In sending them, although they were unqualified from a human perspective, Jesus has poured His power into them, and made them able to change the world. In Matthew 10:1, it says, "He called them and gave them power." It was power that could enable them to go way beyond anything their humanness ever dreamed possible, in the advance of the Kingdom.
As Jesus sends them, He gives them principles for their mission. There is a sense in which this is a very isolated situation; you can never reproduce it in any point in history, there never have been another twelve disciples of Jesus, there never has been another time such as this time when the Kingdom was being specifically offered to Israel, so there are some dispensational limits to the specifics of this passage. Nonetheless, as we look at what Jesus said to them, I believe they are some timeless principles for any mission, for any missionary.
We asked the question last week, "What are the principles for an effective missionary?" I believe they're here. I believe that what our Lord tells them is a summation of the tremendously important principles for representing Jesus Christ in the world. All of us, though we may not be officially sent, as the Twelve, or as a pastor, teacher, or evangelist is, are nonetheless sent as representatives of Christ into the world.
Let me remind you of the first few that we looked at last time. The first principle for an effective mission is a divine commission. Look at verse 5. "These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them." In other words, they were under orders from the living God. Going out to represent the Lord Jesus Christ, you are not on your own, you do not make your own choices, call your own shots, determine your own direction, but you are under orders, under responsibility, answerable for everything you do and say to God Himself, who scrutinizes your ministry. So as one who represents Christ, you are under a divine commission.
I believe that is the first and essential element of Christian service - to know that Christ has sent us, gifted us, trained us, prepared us, and sent us out. For all that it means to be sent, for the sense of authority, for the sense of rightness about the mission, and also for all that it means about submission, for the sense of responsibility to the one who is our Lord, we need to recognize that we are divinely sent. We do not determine our own destiny, or mark out our own patterns and plans, but we are under His orders. That is necessary in any effective mission: that overarching awareness that I am sent by Christ Himself and He is the one who determines what I am and what I do.
Secondly, and we saw this last week, one who goes out representing Christ not only has a divine commission but a central objective. We talked about how important it is to have some precision in your ministry, to have a track, to have a focus, to know what it is you are called to do, gifted to do, sent to do, and to do it, and not to become so diversified that you wind up doing nothing very well.
In verses 5-6, He says, "Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter not; but go, rather, to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." We discussed the three reasons He said that. Reason number one is the specific place of the Jews: they were God's chosen people, the people of the promises and covenants, the ones given the law. They were the people who were to be the channel to reach the world. It wasn't that God was going to ignore the Gentiles; it was that Israel was being given the opportunity to be the vehicle to reach the Gentiles. The message was, "If Israel repents, and the Kingdom comes to Israel, then Israel will be used by God to draw all nations to the Messiah."
So God was going for a tool; Israel was not a cul-de-sac, Israel was a channel, a thoroughfare to the rest of the world. God was calling out a witnessing people, His covenant people, and saying, "Will you be My witness in the world to reach the nations?" So He says, "Go to them, and give them that first opportunity." That's why He sent them to the Jews only, in order to fulfill the special place of the Jews.
Secondly, He sent them because of the special problem of the Twelve. They weren't equipped for Gentile evangelism. The cultural gap was too great; there was too much hatred and too much bitterness and too much animosity to try to hurdle. These were young recruits; the responsibility of going to the Jews was enough without crossing cultural barriers and trying to go to the Gentiles and Samaritans.
Thirdly was the specific point of attack. Our Lord also knows that when people go out on a mission, they need to have a very specific target, and I think that's a third reason He narrowed the target. It made it so simple; they knew exactly where they were to go.
We realize today that we are not dispensationally oriented like this; we are not offering the Kingdom to Israel, or instructed to go to the Jew only. Rather, we are instructed to go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. Nonetheless, there is a perspective here that is important, and that is that we are to function in precision. In other words, we must know our gifts, understand our callings, and then move out. Paul was that way; he said, "I desired not to build on any other man's foundation. I went where Christ was not named." In other words, "I had a clear focus of what God wanted me to do." Based on our gifts and callings, we are to have that same precision.
One who represents Christ on a mission for Christ must have a clear message. In verse 7, He said, "As you go, preach, saying, 'The kingdom of heaven is at hand.'" That means that their message was very, very clear. It wasn't psychology, or philosophy, or human wisdom, or politics, or economics. The message was the Kingdom of Heaven and its imminence, the nearness of the Kingdom. "Tell them that Heaven is coming to Earth. Tell them of God and all of His reign and all that it means, internally and externally, in, and around, and over men. Talk about the Kingdom." Their ministry, A to Z, alpha to omega, was the Kingdom of Heaven, and it was clear and precise.
So they had a divine commission, a central objective, and a clear message. Now let's come to the fourth point and pick up where we left off last time. This is essential; those who represent Christ must have a confirming credential. If you were to go out and preach Jesus Christ, what reason would people have to believe anything you said was really from God? Why should they believe that? Why should people have believed the Twelve when they said, "The kingdom of heaven was at hand," and that Jesus of Nazareth was the Messiah? Why should people believe when they preached the principles of the Kingdom and maybe repeated much of the Sermon on the Mount? While they were preaching all of this, why would the people want to believe that? Why should they believe it? Because they had credentials, there was some confirmation.
If you go to the doctor and he diagnoses something, why do you believe that? Because he is a doctor and he has a diploma hanging on the wall that says he graduated from medical school and he knows his stuff. That's his credential. When you hire someone to work for your company, you make sure he has had the proper training for the work you expect him to perform.
But what would you do with a preacher when there weren't any seminaries? How would you know he was on target? In fact, the disciples were opposite of the existing religious establishment. They hadn't been educated in the right place - they were from Galilee, not Jerusalem. They didn't belong to the right group - they weren't Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, or Zealots. There wasn't yet any New Testament to compare with what they said, and no one had a copy of the Sermon on the Mount. Why believe them? Because they had credentials, that's why.
Verse 8 says, "Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons; freely ye have received, freely give." Those were the credentials of the apostles, and they were convincing enough to identify them as representatives of God. We've already discussed the specifics of healing, and cleansing lepers, and raising the dead, and casting out demons. All of that has gone on in chapters 8-9. We have seen the Lord do that already, and I don't want to spend time going over all of those things again, but I want you to see some rich truth here about the nature of these specific things. The credentials were the key to marking them out as representatives of God.
In II Corinthians 12:11-12, the Apostle Paul says, "In nothing am I behind the very chiefest apostles, though I be nothing." How did he know that? "Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all patience, in signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds." The credentials of an apostle were signs, wonders, and mighty deeds. Mighty deeds were miracles that created wonder, and the wonder pointed to God as the source. Paul said, "How did you know I was an apostle and came behind not the chiefest apostle? Because of the signs, wonders, mighty deeds, and miracles of an apostle. That was the proof."
That was the way it was with Jesus. A blind man Jesus healed said to the Pharisees who had questioned him, "You mean you don't know who He is, and He opened my eyes? You don't know where He came from, and I've been blind from birth and He made me to see?" In other words, he was saying, "It's pretty obvious to me where He came from; He came from God." So the ability to do these things points them out as from God. But if that is all that miracles were intended to do, it was unnecessary to do these kind of miracles.
It wasn't necessary to do deliverance miracles, healing miracles, raising the dead miracles; it wasn't necessary to do that. Just imagine - they could have leaped tall buildings in a single bound. They could have disappeared and then reappeared somewhere else. They could have shot up in space, flown over the city, and swooped over buildings. They could have done astounding things that didn't relate to what they did perform. They could have read minds. So why did they perform the types of miracles they did? Let me tell you why.
Look at the first credential: heal the sick, cleanse the lepers. What does that say to you? Not only did they heal the sick for the sake of the miracle and cleanse the lepers for the sake of the miracle, but the first credential they manifested was compassion and mercy on people in need.
As I said, it didn't have to be this. They could have done all kinds of astounding, miraculous tricks that didn't make anyone any better, but they were revealing the great heart of God, and God cares for people who are hurting, who suffer, who are poor, and who are sick. The miracles dramatized the mercy of God, and showed them that whatever the Kingdom of Heaven was, when it was at hand, sick people got well and lepers lost their leprosy. In other words, it would be an element of the coming Kingdom that God would remove disease. So they got a little foretaste of what the Kingdom was all about, and the first credential was compassion and mercy for people who suffer.
Jesus always had great concern for the poor. When John the Baptist was wondering if Jesus really was the Messiah, He said to John's disciples, "Go and show John this: the blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them." Why tell him that? Because that will reveal that this is God's Messiah because He shows the compassionate, merciful heart of God. It wasn't just a trick or a miracle for the sake of a miracle; it was a miracle for the sake of the true representation of the compassionate heart of God.
One who truly represents Jesus Christ gives himself to the poor, the hurting, the needy, and the downtrodden. When I see people who claim to represent Jesus Christ and yet are devoted to the rich and famous, I wonder about that. They are under the illusion that the Kingdom of God is advanced by money and the rich, but they are wrong. There is nothing wrong with that, in and of itself; those people need Christ too. But there is something wrong with the illusion. It is characteristic of God's representatives that they are drawn to the hurting, the downcast, the sick, the poor, and the needy, and that is the heart of God revealed.
You find throughout the Old Testament this indication. In Psalm 9:18, for example, "The needy shall not always be forgotten; the expectation of the poor shall not perish forever." Psalm 12:5 says, '"For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise,' saith the Lord; 'I will set him in safety.'" I'm skipping many, but in Psalm 35:10, it says, "All my bones shall say, 'Lord, who is like unto thee, who delivers the poor from him who is too strong for him, yea, the poor and the needy from him that spoils him?'" Near the end of Psalms, in Psalm 140:12, it says, "I know that the Lord will maintain the cause of the afflicted, and the right of the poor." Isaiah 41:17 is a beautiful verse that talks about how God comes to the rescue of those who are hurting.
In contrast to that, people who are representatives of a wicked world, a false teaching, do not manifest the compassion of God. That is why the Old Testament says that wicked men oppress the poor (Ezekiel 18:12), sell the poor (Amos 2:6), crush the poor (Amos 5:11), grind the faces of the poor (Isaiah 3:15), devour the poor (Habakkuk 3:14), persecute the poor (Psalm 10:2), and defraud the poor (Amos 8:5-6). People who are wicked and of the world use the poor, abuse the poor, step on the poor, and want to eliminate the poor and the needy; they are just in the way.
On the contrary, God cares for them. He doesn't forget them (Psalm 9:18). He hears their cry (Psalm 69:33), maintains their right (Psalm 140:12), delivers, protects, exalts, and provides for them (Psalm 35:10; 12:5; 107:41; 68:10). Psalm 14:6 says, "The Lord is their refuge." I believe they are even called 'my poor' in one text in the Old Testament.
False prophets and teachers are merciless and have no compassion; they use and abuse people. Jesus indicts the scribes and leaders of Israel with a tremendously bitter indictment. He says, "Beware of the scribes, who love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the market places, and the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost places at feasts; who devour widows' houses." Some religious leaders actually extorted from the poor. People even today who claim to love Christ will do anything for money, including robbing from widows their last mite. They have no thought for the needy. The one who represents our Lord is sympathetic, tender, drawn to the sick and the poor.
I was interviewed by a reporter who had surveyed many Christian leaders across America, and he was extremely disillusioned. He said, "I've talked to conservative and liberal Christians alike - fundamentalists, evangelicals, Bible-believers, clear to the other extreme of those who don't believe all the evangelicals believe, but still claim Christ. Out of all those I interviewed, I found one person I thought was more like Christ than any of the others." I asked him who it was, he told me the name, and I knew who it was.
He said, "He's way over here; he believes in God and Christ, but he doesn't believe that all of the Bible is necessarily inspired. He is not nearly as evangelical as many, but his entire life is given to caring for people who are poor, oppressed, and needy." He said to me, and this is a quotation from an unregenerate reporter, "He appears to me more like Christ than all the rest." It was really sad for me to hear that. He talked to a lot of people who had the right message but cared more for the rich and famous, while the one who impressed him didn't have the message quite together, but manifested the attitude. It was a sad indictment of Christianity in many ways.
What are the credentials? We can't heal the sick or cleanse the lepers - we aren't living in an apostolic era, but we can show the divine compassion those miracles were intended to demonstrate. Those are the credentials.
The second credential is: "raise the dead, cast out demons." The only thing I think about when I hear that is power. I mean, the power to raise the dead and the power to invade the kingdom of darkness, the unseen world of the demons, and overcome that kingdom, that's power! Now I can't raise the dead or cast out demons, and neither can you. Today, no one has the power and authority our Lord and His apostles had over demons and death. You say, "Then how does this relate to us?" Because it shows us power. The mark of the apostles was power.
Matthew 7 says how you can tell a false prophet, "By their fruits you will know them." If you don't see any power, any changed lives, any dramatic transformations, the result of their ministry being the shattering of the kingdom of darkness, or someone who was dead come to life in Christ, then that person is not a true preacher, or a true representative of Christ. A true representative of Christ will be marked by God's power everywhere he goes. False teachers and apostles are impotent, like it says in Jeremiah 5:13. Jesus told the leaders of Israel that they didn't know the power of God in Matthew 22:29. They were impotent to change anyone's life, even their own.
A true representative of God manifests power - not to raise those who are physically dead, but to raise those who are spiritually dead through the Gospel of Christ, to see people redeemed. A true representative will have power to shatter the demons as souls are released into the Kingdom of God.
By the way, when the apostles went forth, they had power. You can trace it through the gospels - in Mark, Luke, and Acts, all the way to chapter 28 - and you'll see tremendous power. Effective missionaries and effective representatives of Christ have power, and they raise the spiritually dead and shatter the kingdom of darkness with the message of light. Those are their credentials. If you're going to go out and represent Jesus Christ and be believed, you'd better have some credentials: compassion and power.
The third credential is most interesting. At the end of verse 8, it says, "Freely ye have received, freely give." If I have compassion and mercy that is not of the flesh but of God; if I have power in my ministry, it is not of the flesh. I didn't earn that power, or gain that power; I didn't get it by going to Bible college or seminary, or by being ordained. I got that power from God, right? Since I paid nothing for my power, I shouldn't charge anything. That's exactly what He's saying; the third credential is unselfishness. Show me someone who truly represents Jesus Christ and I will show you someone who is not in it for personal gain.
The Jewish exorcists, who were common in the time of Christ and went around casting out demons, charged people. When people were demon-possessed or had family members who were demon-possessed, they would go to the exorcists for deliverance. Ultimately those exorcists had no results because the people were demon-possessed because of sin, and the exorcists couldn't do anything about that. Nevertheless, people would pay great amounts of money to get exorcised.
Then there were medical doctors at that period of time, however primitive their science may have been, who would charge great amounts of money for physical healing. They would put prices on their services, as doctors today do, and as psychiatrists and psychologists do, who are the modern exorcists. People will pay a fortune to go to these kinds of people to get the kind of physical or emotional or mental deliverance they think they need.
Now along come the apostles, who instantaneously, with a word, whenever they wished, and at all times had the power of God to cast out demons. They could heal the sick of any disease and raise the dead. How much do you think they could have made? It's inconceivable. They could have made a fortune! Simon Magus, a sorcerer, was aware of the power the apostles had and tried to buy it in Acts 8. He was willing to pay any price because he knew he could make it back a thousand times over. Peter said to him, "Thy money perish with thee, because thou hast thought that the gift of God may be purchased with money." The Holy Spirit is a free gift, so Jesus says, "You received it free, so you give it free. Don't you ever charge anyone for your ministry; don't you ever put a price on your ministry or your power." This was the true law of the rabbis.
A rabbi was bound by the law to give his teaching freely and for nothing; he was forbidden to take money for teaching the law which Moses had freely received from God. The Talmud said the only time a rabbi could take money for his teaching was if he taught a small child, because that was the responsibility of their parents, and if they were shirking their responsibility in favor of having the rabbi do it, then they needed to pay him for it because it was their job.
The Mishnah said that a rabbi was never to take money for his teaching any more than a judge was to take money for his judging - that would be bribery - or a witness was take money for witnessing in a law court. Rabbi Zadok said, "Make not the law a crown wherewith to aggrandize thyself, or a spade wherewith to dig." Hillel said, "He who makes a worldly use of the crown of the law shall waste away, hence thou mayest infer that whosoever desires a profit for himself from the words of the law is helping his own destruction."
In other words, no rabbi put a price on his ministry or his teaching, but false apostles are always interested in their own, personal aggrandizement. They are always in it for their own gain. There is always a price on their service. You find someone who represents Jesus Christ that puts a price on his service, and I'll tell you someone who has just priced himself out of blessing from God.
I Peter 5 says we don't do this for 'filthy lucre.' Paul said to Timothy that when looking for an elder, find a man who isn't interested in personal gain. Paul says to Titus, "When you ordain elders in every city, find a man who isn't interested in personal gain." This isn't anything new; clear back in Isaiah 56:9-11, the prophet says, "All you beasts of the field, come to devour, all you beasts in the forest. His watchmen are blind, they are all ignorant; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. Yes, they are greedy dogs which never have enough. And they are shepherds who cannot understand; they all look to their own way, every one for his own gain, from his own territory." If you're going to serve the Lord for gain and put a price on your ministry, you just price yourself out of blessing.
Through the years I have been repeatedly asked this question, because so many people, I suppose, have a price. "What is your fee?" or, "How much do you charge?" I have been preaching for over twenty years, that seems amazing to me; I should have improved! Yet never once in my ministry have I ever set a price on anything I've done, and I never will. The Bible says I received it freely, so I give it freely. Why would I set a price? I've known pastors who have said, "I'll come to your church; my base salary is X. If you can pay it, I'll come." But the credentials of a representative of Christ are compassion for the needy, power to change lives, and unselfishness. No price.
You say, "Wait a minute, MacArthur, we pay you a good salary." You're right. That's the next point, and we do want to go on to that! There is another credential, and it's what I call a confident faith. It's not really a credential, but a mark of an effective missionary, apostle, or representative of Christ. Yes, a divine commission, a central objective, a clear message, and a confirming credential. Now, a confident faith.
You say, "You mean you can't put a price on your ministry? Then you're liable to go somewhere, spend a lot of money getting there, and what if they don't give you anything?" That's happened, sure. I went clear across the country for three days, preached my heart out, came back and never heard a word; not a 'thank you,' nothing. This has happened several times.
The other day, I got a long-distance phone call. "Remember back a year and a half ago when you spoke for us and we never said 'thanks' to you? We're sorry." I said, "It never bothered me. It's OK; it's fine." But that happens. I mean, I've gone three times in a row, 50-mile round-trips, spoken three times, and gotten a check for $3, $1 each time. That didn't even pay for the gas! Frankly, I sent it back; I thought they must have needed it more than I did! That's going to happen, and that's OK. Then, the rest of the time, I get more than I'm worth.
The issue with me is not to set a price. I received the power and the call and the gifts free; God gave them to me. I can't charge you for that, so I'll never set a price or ask a fee. On the other hand, the fifth principle is a confident faith. At the same time, I believe God will meet my needs. Look at verse 9. He says to them, "As you go, take neither gold, nor silver, nor copper in your purses," and that's coinage.
He says, "Don't take any money; don't think, 'I'm going to go, but first of all, I have to amass a fortune to support this trip. I mean, if I'm not going to charge anyone, and freely I've received and freely I'll give, then it is obvious that I have to support myself. So as soon as I get all my money collected and stuffed in my purse, I'll be on my way.' No," He says, "Don't take a thing. Don't take any money at all." Not only that, but He says, "Don't take a food bag," and that's what the word 'bag' probably means - a bag of supplies and food. He says, "Don't take two coats for if something happens to one, neither shoes, nor yet a staff."
You say, "Wait a minute; if they couldn't set a price, and couldn't take anything with them, they were going out there naked. They had nothing." Aha! A spiritual principle at the end of verse 10. Just remember this, "The workman is worthy of his sustenance." Who made up that principle? God says, "I did, and I will manage the resources." So you go in confident faith. You don't take anything; this is like survival training - you go out there without anything. What are You trying to teach these people, Lord? Confident faith, confident trust.Do you know what the Jews realized in this time? They knew this; this is how the rabbis were. They were never to put a price on anything, demand anything, or ask a fee; the people they ministered to were always to supply their needs. The Talmud tells us Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said, "If a man entertains a [rabbi] in his house and lets him enjoy his possessions, Scripture accounts it to him as if he had sacrificed the daily burnt-offering." God would bless him because he took care of God's servant.
So there is a double instruction here: God's man is never to be over-concerned with material things, but the people of God must see it as their duty to support him. I can't name the price, but it is your responsibility before God to support those who serve you, for the worker is worthy of his sustenance.
You say, "How should we do that?" Well, in I Timothy 5:17-18, it says, "Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor." It isn't just meeting their need, it's honoring them. It's not just honoring them, it's double-honoring them if they work hard in the Word and doctrine. Don't muzzle the ox that treads. In other words, if you want the animal to work, you have to feed it.
In I Corinthians 9:14, Paul says, "They who preach the gospel should live of the gospel." He doesn't mean live what you preach, he means live by your preaching; be supported in it. So we have to live by faith. We are not allowed to put a price, or make a demand, but to be unselfish. The responsibility is God's; God says, "I know the principle, and that is that a faithful worker is worthy, and I will move through the people to meet the need." It's all up to Him.
So it is all His. I've said this to young men all my life, "If you never ask for anything, and never seek anything, and never put a price on anything, then whatever comes, you can accept as a gift from God, and there will be no confusion in your mind at all, because you didn't seek to gain it."
That brings me to the sixth principle, and this is where the balance comes together. I call this a settled contentment. One who represents Christ and is sent out as an ambassador or missionary for Christ doesn't put a price on his ministry, trusts God to supply (and God will supply through the people according to the diligence and faithfulness of his ministry), but the point is that whatever he receives, he is to be content.
Verse 11, "Into whatsoever city or town ye shall enter, inquire who in it is worthy." What does that mean? 'Worthy' doesn't mean 'wealthy.' It means worthy. It is someone whose character, lifestyle, and integrity would be a fitting place for you to stay. For example, if you go into town and stay in a horrible home of dissolute, unregenerate, vile, wicked people, and you walk out of that every day to preach the message of holiness, no one would believe you. They would identify you with the unholiness of the place you're staying.
I remember preaching at a meeting in a certain city, and arrangements were made for me to stay in a particular motel. When I went to the motel after the meeting the first night, I noticed that about twenty semi-trucks were parked along the street and many women were standing in front of the entrance. It didn't take a Phi Beta Kappa to figure out what was going on. I said, "I can't stay in this place, because I'll get confused with what is going on around here." That's the point here. He's saying to find a place worthy of the occupancy of a representative of Jesus Christ; be careful where you stay. But when you find that place, "Abide until you leave the town." In other words, stay there all the time.
That's what's going to happen; you'll go into town, and every time it will happen this way. I've had this happen; some dear saint would come to me and say, "Would you stay with us? We'd love to have you." Of course I would say yes. Often their home was a humble little place. The food may not have been the bill of fare at some fancy restaurant, but it was nice and simple. But about two days later, someone would say to me, "We don't know where you're staying, but we live up on the hill, with eight swimming pools and a herd of horses, and we have a suite you can stay in." I'd find myself thinking, "That would be really nice. But how do I get out of the place I'm in now?" Jesus' instruction solves that dilemma: be content with God's provision and stay there until it's time to leave. If God wants you up on the hill, those people will meet you first when you come to town.
I've stayed in $150-a-day hotel rooms; I feel funny, like people are staring at me saying, "How did he get in here?" and I've stayed in places that you might not even stay in. Monty and I have stayed in places where every time we went into the bathroom, we had to collect the frogs. It wasn't really a bathroom, but that's what they told us it was. I mean, I've been in all those places, but the point here is, wherever it is that God, in His providence, takes you, be content to stay there. Don't be in the ministry to see how much comfort you can generate for yourself. That is settled contentment.
Contentment is so elusive, isn't it? Paul said to Timothy, "Godliness with contentment is great gain." Some people never know that experience of contentment. Paul said, "I have learned in whatever state I am, in this to be content. I know both how to be abased, and I know how to abound." Public preaching would lead to hospitable invitations, and they were to be careful not to lodge in a disreputable place, and not to start climbing a social ladder, but to concentrate on the business at hand.
Let me give you the two final principles very rapidly. An effective missionary representative of Jesus Christ has a concentration on the receptive. He says, "When you come into a house, greet it. And if the house be worthy, let your peace come upon it." When the disciples found the worthy house, they were to stay and minister to those gracious, hospitable people. Once they had established their lodging, they could begin their ministry in that town, which was to preach the Gospel from house to house. Whenever they visited another home, they were to greet the people in it.
The common Jewish greeting was 'shalom,' or 'peace.' It meant everything; wholeness, soundness, health, welfare, prosperity, well-being, blessing, and benediction from God. Just pour out your blessing, and say, "This house is blessed by God." Verse 13 says, "If the house is worthy, let your peace come on it." If it's a worthy house, pour out your blessing and benediction, let them have everything you have to give. "Concentrate on the receptive," is what He is saying. "Find the open hearts, the places where the Gospel has access and receptivity, and pour yourself into that place." That's the concentration that we have to have in ministry.
I really believe that's the focus that I want to have. I talk about this very often with people in the ministry, and we talk about who we preach to. Some say, "I just preach, and I'm going to get those people committed if it kills me." So that person ends up preaching to the periphery all the time, to the fringe, and ignores the dear people who are hungering and thirsting to grow, if all he is doing is banging the ears of the uncommitted.
I am committed, in my heart, and I think this is because of the Scriptural mandate, to preach to the people who want to learn the most. I want to feed a hungry heart. Now and then, I will fire out exhortations to the uncommitted. But I concentrate on feeding the people who are willing to receive God's Word because they are the catalyst to change the world. Don't just tickle people's ears, but feed them substance. Concentrate on the people who want to grow, who want to be nurtured, who are receptive. "When you find a house that receives you, pour out your peace on that house. Give them everything they want."
Concentrate on the receptive; in your ministry, that is important. You find those places where there is openness, and pour your heart into those places. Don't smash your head against the proverbial wall. That leads to the last principle, which is reject the contemptuous. There must be a rejection of the contemptuous.
At the end of verse 13, He says, "If it be not worthy, if they're not interested, not receptive, then let your peace return to you." That was an Oriental expression; they would give their peace, but if the house wasn't worthy, they'd take it back. In other words, they would unbless an unworthy house. They would come to a home and say, "Peace be unto you in the name of Christ." If the home was vile or rejecting, they would say, "We take back our peace. This house is unblessed." They would actually do that. They would confront the situation in that way by removing the blessing they had verbally given. So He says, "If you find a place where they are not worthy, then let your peace return to you. Don't waste it on them, take it back. Don't give them God's benediction if they're not worthy of it. Don't tell them God will bless them."
It's the same thing in the epistle of John, where he said, "If there come any unto you [who brings erroneous doctrine regarding Christ], receive him not into your house, neither bid him Godspeed; for he that bids him Godspeed is partaker of his evil deeds." He's saying, "Don't pronounce benedictions on people who are godless." Don't say, "Bless you, brother," to someone who isn't regenerated. God's blessing is not to be thrown around indiscriminately. Nor should people live under the illusion that they are truly blessed or redeemed when they are not.
Verse 14. "Whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when you depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet." That was a physical thing the Jews did. When people traveled in the time of Christ, they would get covered with dust. When Jewish people returned to Israel, they did not want to bring Gentile soil into Israel with them because they believed it would defile the land. So before they entered Israel, they shook the dust off themselves so they wouldn't bring any Gentile dirt back in.
So He says, "You're going to the lost sheep of the house of Israel, and if they don't hear your message, you treat them the way you treat a Gentile." That's what Paul did at the synagogue in Pisidia Antioch in Acts 13. He went in, and when they didn't receive his message, it says he shook the dust from off his feet and went next door to the Gentiles. He treated the Jews like Gentiles and the Gentiles like Jews. Treat them as a pagan.
You say, "Wait a minute! Does this mean we are to reject the contemptuous? If I go to someone and tell them about Christ and they aren't interested, we should just say, 'Nuts to you, fellow,' and split?" Not quite. A lot of us wouldn't be redeemed if we had been treated in that manner, right? The point is this: the assumption is that when people have seen the miracles and have fully heard the message and have been given ample opportunity to respond, yet they still reject Christ, then you are to leave and treat them as the pagans that they are.
In II Corinthians 5:20, Paul says, "We beg you in Christ's stead, be reconciled to God." There is a begging, a pleading, a compelling! But when the pleading is done, and the credentials are manifest, and all the signs are given, and they still refuse, treat them like pagans. Don't give them the benediction of God; walk away.
Verse 15 is the key. "Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Day of Judgment, than for that city." It wasn't very good for Sodom and Gomorrah, was it? Fire and brimstone rained down on both those cities and destroyed them so that they can't even be found today. In fact, they think they must be under the south end of the Dead Sea because they can't find a trace of them at all.
As it was an absolute, utter, total, devastating, and eternal destruction on those two cities, it will be worse for any house or city in Galilee that rejected the Gospel. This assumes that the town in Galilee or the house in Galilee knew and heard more than Sodom and Gomorrah did. The point is that they must, then, have had an awful lot of information.
The idea is that when a city with a greater exposure to the truth of God (namely, the representatives of the Lord Christ Himself), giving them the message and authenticating it with their credentials, turns its back on that, it is a Hebrews 6 situation. They have been exposed to all of the data, and have refused, it is impossible for them to be renewed to repentance. When you have done your best, but they are unreceptive and contemptuous, don't waste your time. Divine judgment rests on that city and that house; it is very severe.
What have we learned? The Lord sent out His twelve disciples two by two and gave them principles for an effective mission: a divine commission, a central objective, a clear message, a confirming credential, a confident faith, a settled contentment, a concentration on the receptive, and a rejection of the contemptuous. I believe those are excellent standards for our service to Christ.
Many of us get a direct hit with this message, I know I do, people who are pastors and missionaries. Perhaps you are thinking about going to the mission field or other Christian service. But secondarily, it hits all of us, because all believers represent Christ. As we go through these principles, we see how they affect all of us and apply to all of our hearts.
Let me just ask this in conclusion: if God were to compare those standards to your life, would you really be a faithful missionary? Do you run your life and your representation of Christ by these standards? The world has all the wrong criteria; the world would never have picked any one of the Twelve disciples to be missionaries. They have all the wrong standards, but God has all the right ones. Let me close with this story.
At 3 o'clock on a cold morning in the winter, a missionary candidate walked into an office for an appointment with the examiner of a mission board. The examiner had told him to report at 3 in the morning. The examiner arrived at 8 a.m., five hours later. The examiner, without saying a word of explanation, sat down and said, "Let's begin. You want to be a missionary with this agency, and I'm going to ask you some questions. First, please spell 'baker.'" The young man said, "B-A-K-E-R." The examiner replied, "Very good. Now let me see how much you know about figures. How much is twice two?" The young man said, "Four." The examiner said, "Excellent. I'm going to recommend to the board tomorrow that you be appointed as a missionary; you have passed the test." Then he left.At the board meeting, the examiner spoke so highly of the applicant, saying he was one of the finest young men that they had seen as of yet. He said, "He has all the qualifications of a missionary! First, I tested him on self denial; I told him to be at the office at three in the morning, in the cold. He left a warm bed and came out in the cold and never had a word of complaint. Secondly, I tested him on punctuality, and he was there on time. Thirdly, I examined him on patience by making him wait five hours to see me. He didn't even question why I was late. Fourth, I tested him on temper, and he didn't show any sign of it. Fifthly, I tested his humility by asking him questions that a little child could answer, and he showed no offense. He meets the requirements."
Patience, humility, punctuality (which demonstrates that you care for someone else by not making them waste their time waiting for you), and sacrifice (that you'd go out in the middle of the night), those are the things that God can use to make a man into what He wants him to be. He made these twelve, and gave them the principles for their mission. May we be so effective as they.
Thank You, Father, for our time this morning. Thank You for what we've learned about how we are to represent You. Bless every life here; may we all be little Christs, Christians. May the world see Christ in us - His compassion, His power, His selflessness. May we too know how to live by faith, trusting You for everything, and content with whatever You give, be it little or be it great. May we focus on the receptive and reject the contemptuous that we may go to the crying hearts with the message of Christ. Bring us together again tonight with great expectation, we pray in our Lord's name, Amen.
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Listed below are the archived public comments received prior to the adoption of the Final Delta Plan. They include comments for the Proposed Final Delta Plan, the Final Programmatic EIR, the Additional Document Form 399, the Modified Rulemaking Process, the Final Draft Delta Plan, the Recirculated Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Report, and the Rulemaking Process.
To review the archived public comments on the documents previous to these, please click here.

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ATLANTA - Technically, Sunday's game ended with a touchdown by the Saints. But the outcome was complete with a little more than a minute remaining against the Atlanta Falcons, and the final meaningful play of the day was the same as the Saints' first offensive play of the game: an interception for the Falcons.
The Saints (4-5) continued the same pattern they have followed for most of the season, falling one game worse than .500 for the fourth time this year. They never led in a 34-20 loss to the Falcons (6-3) at the Georgia Dome, and a crowd of 64,826 watched as New Orleans found some more frustration.
"We can only play the whole 'we had a good week of preparation' card so long," Saints linebacker Scott Fujita said. "We can only play the whole 'we got great character on the team' card for so long. It's time for people to start stepping up and make some plays. It's freaking embarrassing."
Members of the Saints did, in fact, mention both of those "cards" after the game. Coach Sean Payton said New Orleans had one of its "better weeks" of preparation before heading to Atlanta, and quarterback Drew Brees talked about "a good team with quality players and quality character people and good leaders."
But the Saints all seemed to agree that the all-too-familiar pattern, which has kept them at the bottom of the NFC South standings, needs to stop.
"We haven't been over .500 since '06, and I don't count us starting off 1-0 this season as being over .500," said Brees, who threw a season-high three interceptions. "I mean being over .500 with some significance."
The Saints found themselves trailing 20-6 with 2:06 remaining in the third quarter, and from there, a game that New Orleans never really found its footing in only got worse.
The next drive for the Saints was a quick three-and-out with three incomplete passes, and the Falcons followed that up with another touchdown. Falcons running back Jerious Norwood turned a short pass into a 67-yard score, capping an 80-yard drive that took less than two minutes and gave Atlanta a 27-6 lead with a little less than a quarter remaining.
The Saints, who rushed for 105 yards on 17 carries, were forced to abandon much of their offensive game plan.
"We felt like we wanted to walk away from this game being the ones who had won the rushing battle," Brees said. "So we came in with an emphasis on running the ball. Unfortunately, we got midway through the third quarter and all of a sudden had to play catch-up."
Brees threw 58 times, and he completed 31 for 422 yards and two touchdowns. He also had the three interceptions, one on the first offensive play of the game and two in the fourth quarter, on consecutive drives.
The final interception came on first-and-goal from the Falcons' 8-yard-line with 1:30 remaining. Falcons cornerback Chevis Jackson returned the ball 95 yards for a touchdown -- the second-longest interception return for a touchdown in Atlanta history -- and the Falcons had a 34-13 lead.
Brees was sacked once but faced pressure almost all day from the Falcons.
"I think they were able to get pressure with the four-man rush, and we weren't able to do that," Payton said. "That, I think, is important, obviously a key component of the game if you're looking at it, when you're talking about trying to throw the football and trying to convert third downs and trying to operate in the red zone. He was under a lot of duress, I thought."
The Saints could not match that pressure in dealing with Falcons quarterback Matt Ryan.
Ryan added to his impressive rookie season by completing 16 of 23 passes for 248 yards, two touchdowns and no interceptions. Falcons running back Michael Turner added 96 yards on 27 carries, and Atlanta had a 17-6 lead by halftime.
New Orleans didn't score its first touchdown until less than 10 minutes remained, and an eventful comeback attempt -- Brees completed 19-of-34 passes for 294 yards, two touchdowns and two interceptions in the fourth quarter -- was insufficient.
"It's painful, because we've been hovering around that .500 mark for way too long now, trying to make a push, coming into these divisional road games feeling pretty good about ourselves, thinking this is our shot to get over the hump," Fujita said. "To go on the road twice now and just get hammered the way you did, in all phases of the game, it's real disappointing."
The Saints' last trip -- not counting their 37-32 win against the San Diego Chargers on Oct. 26 in London, which counted as a home game -- was a 30-7 loss at Carolina on Oct. 19.
With a game coming up at Kansas City on Sunday, the Saints are 0-4 in road games this season. They also seemed to be getting healthier heading into this weekend but now have to deal with a fresh batch of injuries, such as the fractured right kneecap that cornerback Mike McKenzie suffered Sunday.
"I think if we had played today's game anywhere, I think the result would have been the same," Payton said. "I don't think we can point to this being on the road. I don't think we can point our fingers at injuries. I don't think we can point to any of those things. I think we got beat today by a team that played better than we did."
Teddy Kider can be reached at email@example.com or 504.826.3409.
Related content from The Times-Picayune:
New Orleans Saints at Atlanta Falcons postgame chat
New Orleans Saints cornerback Mike McKenzie likely out for season


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Std vs. StdXY
Mplus Discussion
Multilevel Data/Complex Sample
Florian Fiedler
posted on Sunday, December 18, 2005 - 11:58 am
What is the difference in Std and StdXY in MPlus output for a 2-level CFA-model with ordinal observed variables? On the within-level Std>1 and StdXY<1, on the between-level Std looks quite reasonable and StdXY is fixed to 1.
Do you have any hint on how to interprete this?
Thank you very much.
Florian Fiedler
posted on Sunday, December 18, 2005 - 12:10 pm
Additional to the first question:
Which of the standardized parameters should I report when describing the results of the 2-level-model, Std or StdXY?
posted on Sunday, December 18, 2005 - 6:01 pm
The User's Guide discusses how to interpret these columns. The Std column standardizes with respect to the latent variables only so here it is quite common that the values are > 1 because the non-latent variables (in your case the factor loadings) may have variance much greater than 1. For factor loadings of ordinal indicators, the StdYX column standardizes with respect to both the factors and the latent response variables and then it is more common to find values < 1. Note, however, that this is not always the case with correlated factors (see for example notes by Joreskog on the SSI web site).
If you report loadings and want to report standardized values in addition to the raw values, I would choose StdYX.
Martin Geisler
posted on Thursday, August 09, 2012 - 2:57 am
I'm doing a twolevel analysis (random intercept only) with pupils clustered in classes. Most of my predictors on level 1 are manifest and continous variables (e.g. IQ, Motivation, Academic Self Concept) but I have "sex" as a dichotomous variable. I want to report the regression coefficients in my study. Is ist right to take the regression coeffecients for the continous variables form the stdyx output and the regression coefficient for the dichotomous variable from the stdy output?
Thank you very much!
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, August 09, 2012 - 5:50 am
For continuous covariates, use StdYX. For binary covariates, use StdY.
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Chi-square diff test with weights and...
Mplus Discussion
Missing Data Modeling
Karen Chase
posted on Thursday, May 26, 2005 - 5:33 am
We are attempting to do a chi-square difference test for nested sub models using both weights and missing data. Looking at equations 119-120 in the technical manual it would seem that we need to fit the model using ML and also MLR to get the 4 bits of info we need for the calculation. But the ML model does
not estimate with weights. Any recommendations? It would also be helpful to know how to do the chi-square difference with weights not using missing data.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, May 26, 2005 - 5:50 am
If Mplus prints a scaling factor, then you can multiply the MLR chi-square by the scaling factor to get the ML chi-square.
Jim Prisciandaro
posted on Monday, November 20, 2006 - 1:21 pm
Hi Linda,
I have a similar situation as the post above (missing data, complex survey data). However, my models mostly involve binary outcome variables, so there are no provided chi-square values on my output. My outputs include loglikelihoods (with scaling correction factors).
I have questions regarding the rest of the information I need for the difference tests: 1) number of parameters: Can this be found in the "number of free parameters" row in the "Information Criteria" section? 2) To test the significance of the computed chi-square difference, I need the df reflecting the difference in degrees of freedom between the H0 and H1 models. However, df are not printed for my models. Is there an option for the df to be printed on my outputs?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, November 20, 2006 - 5:01 pm
1) Yes.
2) You use the difference in number of parameters. See the bottom section
Difference Testing Using the Loglikelihood
of the Chi-Square Diff testing section on our web site.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, November 20, 2006 - 5:02 pm
The difference in the number of free parameters is the same as the difference in the number of degrees of freedom.
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The whole concept of not knowing what you've got till it's gone could not ring more true to me than it does now. I've missed my Fit Chick Diaries! I feel sharing this aspect of my life with whoever stumbled across my site helped keep me on track with my goals and aspirations. I got bombarded with a load of craziness this summer, which made this all move to the back burner. But no more!
Over the summer, my husband took an internship in NYC and I had quite a bit of time to myself. I ran 20+ miles per week…not bad for a girl who used to cringe at the idea of a light jog! My longest run was 6.2 miles – a 10k – but I have yet to do an actual race!
My current goal is to build up my endurance and complete a half-marathon this spring or summer. I haven't registered yet because I still am not sure which one to enter.
I have quite a bit of training to do and, unfortunately, I live in the arctic tundra where we had 6 inches of snow fall already. I'm not letting the bitter winter hold me back, but I did ask for warm running gear for Christmas! Let's see if Santa was paying attention!
Anyways, any tips you can give this long distance newbie would be much appreciated!


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Mom to a 6 year old who was allergic to all top 8 food allergens and more. The blog: one of the few that talks about thriving with top 8 allergies - recipes, alternative ingredients, product reviews etc. with a blog and twitter following around...
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Selena Gomez Might've Dumped Justin Bieber Again – and Not Because of His Ridiculous Pants
Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez have broken up yet again, and reports suggest another man got in the mix -- but not in the way you're thinking. (Of course not, because that would make them remotely interesting.)
The often truth-challenged Hollywood Life reports that Gomez, 20, dumped Bieber, 18, after he hung out with her ex, Nick Jonas, 20. The two pop poster boys apparently had a ping pong match and tweeted about it, causing Gomez to freak out.
In the wee hours of Dec. 14, the Biebs tweeted:
And then Jonas posted:
What sounds like a chance encounter turned brief-hang-session apparently sent Gomez, who was rumored to have "trust issues" in the past, off the deep end. As if the silly harem pants he's been sporting lately weren't enough for her to want to keep her distance.
"At this point, Selena isn't going to any of Justin's concerts ever again," a source told the site. "She doesn't want to speak to him anymore and told him it's over."
Of course, that was also the case about a month ago when Gomez dumped Bieber after the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. (We're sure he was devastated while surrounded by scantily clad supermodels. Just devastated.)
The pair reunited with a series of publicized dates and a slumber party, where they probably braided each other's hair and sang into their hairbrushes.
Still, the source said that Biebs has been hurting poor widdle Sel's feelings, and she's had it up to here (ostensibly, "here" is the top of her giant pumpkin-shaped noggin). "Hanging out with Nick proved that he wants to just be a jerk about this, and Selena's sick of being heartbroken. They are finished, and I think it's for good this time."
We do too, if only because we're so sick of talking about these two.
In any case, here's hoping Gomez doesn't team up with Taylor Swift for another off-pitch breakup anthem. That dance video was embarrassing enough.


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The following commentary does not necessarily reflect the views of AgWeb or Farm Journal Media. The opinions expressed below are the author's own.
Experts cover today's key dairy labor issues and offer fool-proof techniques to optimize employee performance, satisfaction and longevity.
By Greg Larson, MIone multi-box robotic milking system expert with GEA Farm Technologies
You've read about them in Dairy Today. Your neighbor, or a dairy in the next county, may have one. Now you're wondering if your farm, too, might someday be the home of a robotic or automatic milking system (AMS).
Switching to robotic milking is a weighty decision. But those who have done it say it has been a life-changing leap that has permanently transformed their life as dairy producers.
Quality of life is the most obvious advantage of robotic milking. Instead of your schedule being ruled by milking times, you have the flexibility to adjust your work hours around other activities.
While using an AMS might initially sound like a way of removing oneself from the cows, the opposite is actually true. Being freed of milking responsibilities provides more time to walk among the cows in the barn, observing their behaviors and monitoring their physical condition. It also makes it possible to focus more on reproduction programs, hoof health, calf and heifer rearing, and excellent forage production.
Many dairy producers who have switched to an AMS also say their work now focuses less on the physical task of executing milking two or three times a day and more on analyzing data, working on feeding and breeding strategies, and setting and monitoring goals for the farm. With relief from the physical exhaustion of the constant demands of milking, they can focus more clearly on the bigger picture of their dairy enterprises.
Hired labor savings is another tremendous advantage. Locating, hiring, training and managing labor are time-consuming and sometimes frustrating tasks for dairy managers. With an AMS, you'll never have to scramble when a worker doesn't show up for a shift, quits or is fired. You not only are relieved of the time and expense of hiring additional workers, but also of the regulatory and accounting tasks that are a part of employing on-farm labor. And, because robotic milking systems prepare and milk every cow the same way, every time, you eliminate the "procedural drift" and human error that can otherwise occur.
Robotic milking allows cows to listen to their natural instincts. They have the freedom to be milked, eat, rest and ruminate on their own schedule, not one that has been predetermined for them. This allows for improved udder health; fewer digestive upsets and metabolic problems; and — almost always — higher milk production.
Cow health and well-being is carefully monitored for every animal, because computerized AMS monitoring detects cows that are not visiting the robot frequently enough. This could be an indication of a foot injury or other ailment. Daily monitoring of individual-cow milk production, activity level and feed intake during milking are additional indicators of animal health. And evaluation of milk conductivity can detect mastitis infections at the subclinical stage, so they can be treated and cured efficiently.
Customized feeding options also help to create a nutrition plan tailored to the individual needs of every cow. Feeding of concentrates in the milker box is programmed for each animal, and can be adjusted to meet specific nutritional needs that change throughout lactation. Some robotic milking systems also allow for zone feeding post-milking. This system releases cows to specific feeding areas where they receive a TMR or PMR (partial mixed ration, minus the concentrates) based on their level of production, stage of lactation, parity or other factors prioritized by the herd owner and nutritionist.
Special-care areas also can be set up in conjunction with an AMS that might include a hospital area, maternity pens, fresh-cow pens, hoof-trimming facilities and palpation rails.
As you explore the possibility of switching to robotic milking, you will no doubt have many questions for the companies who manufacture and install AMS. Among them might be:
• How many milking units will be required to accommodate my herd size?
• What is the cost per unit, and how does it compare to the construction of a traditional parlor?
• How many hours of hired labor can I expect the system to replace?
• What improvement in milk production can I expect to realize?
• Can my current facilities be retrofitted to accommodate an AMS?
• If we're building new facilities, can the AMS manufacturer assist with their design?
• What accommodations can be made to the milking system to allow for future herd growth?
• Does the system allow for various methods of controlling cow traffic?
• Does the system allow for customized zone feeding after milking?
• What will the transition to robotic milking be like for me and my cows?
• What type of technical support does the manufacturer offer, both during the start-up transition, and after the system is up and running?
One of the best ways to explore the merits of robotic milking systems is to visit dairies on which they already are in use and talk to the producers who own them. They will be able to share their own decision-making processes, explain the functions of their individual systems and facility designs, and tell you the results that they have witnessed in their own operations.
If you're interested in focusing less time and effort on managing hired labor and more of it on managing your cows — on your own schedule — then robotic milking may be right for you.
For more information, contact Greg Larson, MIone multi-box robotic milking system expert with GEA Farm Technologies at (877) 973-2479, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, or go to: http://www.gea-farmtechnologies.com.
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U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
Teenaged Male Employee Hugged, Touched and Spanked by Supervisor, Federal Lawsuit Alleged
NEW YORK – McDonald's will pay $50,000 to settle a sex discrimination suit brought by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the agency announced today. The EEOC charged that McDonald's USA, LLC unlawfully subjected an employee to sexual harassment at one of its Perth Amboy, N.J., restaurants.
According to the EEOC's lawsuit (Civil Action No. 2:09-Civ-05028 (WJM)(MF)), filed September 29, 2009 in U.S. District Court for District of New Jersey, an assistant store manager made lewd comments to a teenaged crew member and touched, spanked and hugged him in a way that made him very uncomfortable. The crew member was only 16-17 years of age when these incidences took place.
The case was resolved pursuant to a consent decree signed by Judge William J. Martini on October 19. Besides paying the victim $50,000 in compensatory damages, McDonald's will also take important steps to prevent future workplace harassment. The company will post and maintain EEOC remedial notices and posters; train all employees and managers at the restaurant on the federal laws that prohibit discrimination; maintain an anti-discrimination policy and complaint procedure; and cooperate with EEOC's compliance monitoring.
EEOC Acting New York District Director Elizabeth Grossman said, "The EEOC takes very seriously allegations of sexual harassment involving teenagers because many of them are in the workplace for the first time and don't know how to complain, especially when the harasser is their supervisor." Adela Santos, the EEOC trial attorney assigned to the case, added, "We are very pleased that McDonald's agreed to settle this case without protracted litigation and that it is taking steps to prevent future workplace discrimination."
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.


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The Boy Next Door High QualityMovie The Boy Next Door Movie with duration 91 Min and broadcast on 2015-01-23 and MPAA rating is 244.
- Original Title : The Boy Next Door
- Movie title in your country : The Boy Next Door
- Year of movie : 2015
- Genres of movie : Thriller,
- Status of movie : Released
- Release date of movie : 2015-01-23
- Companies of movie : Universal Pictures, Nuyorican Productions, Blumhouse Productions, Smart Entertainment,
- Countries of movie : United States of America,
- Language of movie : English,
- Durationof movie : 91 Min
- Average vote of movie : 5.2
- Youtube ID of movie : MgbBwovOOoc
- Translation of movie : EN,ES,RU,FR,IT,EL,NL,DE,HU,SV,HE,PT,CS,ZH,RO,PL,UK,ID,DA,TR,
- Actors of movie :
- Jennifer Lopez ( Claire Peterson )
- Ryan Guzman ( Noah Sandborn )
- Ian Nelson ( Kevin Peterson )
- John Corbett ( Garrett Peterson )
- Kristin Chenoweth ( Vicky Lansing )
- Hill Harper ( Principal Edward Warren )
- Lexi Atkins ( Allie Callahan )
- François Chau ( Detective Johnny Chou )
- Bailey Chase ( Benny )
- Raquel Gardner ( Barbara )
The Boy Next Door Synopsis:
Play Streaming The Boy Next Door A recently cheated on married woman falls for a younger man who has moved in next door, but their torrid affair soon takes a dangerous turn. Full The Boy Next Door Movie HD
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Director : Rob Cohen, Screenplay : Barbara Curry, Producer : Jason Blum, Producer : Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas, Producer : John Jacobs, Producer : Jennifer Lopez, Music : Nathan Barr, Music : Randy Edelman, Director of Photography : David McFarland, Editor : Michel Aller, Casting : Nancy Nayor, Production Design : Charles Varga, Set Decoration : Lisa Son, Costume Design : Courtney Hoffman, Hairstylist : Jacklin Masteran, Makeup Artist : Carlton Coleman, Property Master : Annie Brandt, Art Department Coordinator : Liz Schindler, Art Department Assistant : Carissa Huizenga, Dialogue Editor : Aynee Osborn, Sound Re-Recording Mixer : Daniel J. Leahy, Sound Re-Recording Mixer : Kevin O'Connell, Supervising Sound Editor : Kelly Cabral, First Assistant Sound Editor : Gayle Wesley, Special Effects Coordinator : Elia P. Popov, Visual Effects Editor : Dwight Raymond, Camera Operator : Ian S. Takahashi, Camera Operator : Tim Arasheben, Steadicam Operator : Brad Grimmett, Still Photographer : Suzanne Hanover, Second Unit Cinematographer : John Grillo, Gaffer : Daniel McNutt, Costume Supervisor : Anastasia Magoutas, Digital Intermediate : Marisa Clayton, Music Editor : Michael T. Ryan, Script Supervisor : Carmen Tabanyi, Script Supervisor : Casey Rieboldt
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Hello, nice of you to come and take glance at my recipe review. Here, I have made a fine selection of recipes and chefs. Amanprana and/or I has/have a special bond with each of them. We, for example, have cooked together and have the same vision of eating. Healthy, tasty and refreshing meals without fuss. Tasty meals to be healthy and happy. Ayurvedic cuisine, macrobiotics, raw food, vegan cooking and proper food combinations have inspired my recipes.
In the meantime, I have put together quite a few recipes. From appetizers to pancakes and from delicious snacks to smoothies. The emphasis is on pure and natural, without refined nutrients. Nutrition is your best medicine!


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After five years, my white winter coat was looking a little worse for wear. Dry cleaning wasn't doing the trick anymore and it just looked dingy. In a panic, I searched eBay and found the same coat in black for a steal and bought it. And then I found it in white and bought that! But what to do with the dingy one? Here's a good shot of the coat when we visited Meat in Louisville, KY:
With my collection in place, I figured I had nothing to lose, so why not dye it green?! I bought two bottles of liquid Rit Dye in kelly green. The directions online were pretty easy. My aunt, MaryLee, generously offered up the services of her washer and we got to work. I used about 1.5 of the bottles, but wished I had just used both. When it first started running through it looked like a very dark, forest green!
This is how the individual pieces turned out, though. It's still wet in these photos and a little splotchy. Batman is helping it dry.
It's a little hard to tell, but the lining turned into a lovely shade of pale blue! How perfect!
Now Batman and Lenny are helping it dry.
Detail of the wrist straps with new buttons.
I didn't like the look of the original white buttons on the now-green coat, so I replaced them with navy buttons. The final product turned out to be the perfect spring coat!


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Android Magazine UK – Issue 61, 2016-P2P
This article has been published at RLSLOG.net – visit our site for full content.
Whether you're a beginner wanting to get up to speed or an advanced user looking for tips, tricks and hacks Android Magazine is the ultimate guide to this cutting-edge mobile technology. Every issue readers can find the hottest reviews of the very latest hardware and in-depth opinion on the massive selection of Android apps and games currently available. There's also a huge tutorial section sharing expert knowledge on setting up, configuring and getting more from Android technology, along with a dedicated hacking section for anyone who wants to get under the hood of what is now the world's most popular mobile operating system.
Android Magazine UK – Issue 61, 2016-P2P
English | PDF | 100 pages | 53,57 MB
Download: UPLOADED – NTi
more at RLSLOG.net


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It's ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Audie Cornish.
And I'm Robert Siegel. And it's time now for All Tech Considered.
SIEGEL: Almost every Monday, we ask NPR's Steve Henn or Laura Sydell to tell us about the week ahead in tech news. Well, today we're going for broke. As we say goodbye to 2012, we thought we'd take a look ahead a bit further into the new year.
Steve and Laura both join us now to give their best guesses as to what's in store for us in 2013. Hello, everyone.
LAURA SYDELL, BYLINE: Hello.
STEVE HENN, BYLINE: Hello.
SIEGEL: And, Laura, let's start with you. What do you think? Is this the year we finally get jet packs?
SYDELL: Yes, we're going to get jet packs.
SYDELL: And there are going to be sort of traffic jams over Manhattan. No, alas, not yet. We are likely to get new game consoles this year from both Sony and Microsoft. And what you're likely to see is, as always, you're going to have better graphics and very likely, 3-D, at least from Sony - probably from both of them. So gamers have that to be excited about.
But you're also going to see, I think, a continuation of the trend of turning these devices into more than just game consoles, but into something that's really a home entertainment center. And word on the street is that particularly, Microsoft is going to go for this. So you might have a game console that wirelessly connects to every screen in your house. So you could have somebody playing a game in one room and watching television through the game console in another room. And so, it really will be the central device in your house.
SIEGEL: Very exciting. Now, we've been hearing a lot about 3-D printing lately. Do you think that'll come to play a bigger role in the consumer market?
SYDELL: Yes, the price of 3-D printers has come down significantly. And for those who aren't exactly sure what it is, it basically takes material - it could be a metal, whatever - it melts it down and then it prints it into a 3-D object. So you might be able to print out your own jewelry or toys. So I think this is the year, you're really going to see that, and I think that's going to be an exciting trend for people - especially if you're creative.
SIEGEL: And finally, speaking of trends, Laura, tablets have caught on with consumers. But in terms of sales, they still are in the shadow of the laptop. Does that change next year? Does the tablet overtake the laptop?
SYDELL: I think it changes big time. As we know, Apple introduced this back in 2010 and tablets have taken off. The prices come down. You've got Google, you've got Amazon. And in a lot of ways, you can work on these devices now. So I think people would think: Do I want a laptop or am I going to spend $200 on a Google Nexus, say. And I think people may very often go for the tablet. And I think this year they will actually overtake the laptops in sales.
And lastly, speaking of Apple, I want to say a lot of people believe Apple is going to release a streaming music service this year. And that's going to be big. That will add to the landscape of Pandora and Spotify.
SIEGEL: Well, onto Steve Henn. Steve, I hear that you also have some predictions for the coming year, including the price tag of some of those devices Laura just mentioned - smartphones, tablets.
HENN: Yeah. I think that smartphones' and tablets' prices will continue to come down. That's a trend that we've seen for a long time. But I think what that means is that some of the most interesting technology trends will actually take place in the developing world. Right now, the vast majority of phones that are sold in developing countries are feature phones. But as that begins to change, as the price of smartphones comes down, we're going to see first millions and then billions of people connecting to the Internet through these smartphones.
And really what that gives them access to, for the first time, is supercomputing in their pocket. You know, I think that obviously this trend won't happen all at once and it won't happen all next year. But as it accelerates, I think it will transform economics in these regions, politics in really profound ways. So that's one thing I'm going to be watching next year.
SIEGEL: And what about the good old-fashioned PC? Where is it left in all this?
HENN: Well, I think the bigger, older mainline PC manufacturers - especially ones with roots in the United States - will continue to struggle mightily.
You know, in 2011, HP abandoned its own smartphone platform. Just a few weeks ago, Dell announced it was getting out of the Smartphone business. And I think really, that these companies, by doing that, have cut themselves off from a huge part of where growth in computing is going to take place in the next few years - in these lighter cheaper devices and in developing markets around the world.
SIEGEL: Well, if the PC is a kind of dinosaur at this point, tell us about some new evolving life form that we haven't seen yet.
HENN: Well, I think one of the new life forms will be in the emergence of devices that we didn't previously think of as computers, having really sophisticated computing and connectivity embedded in them. So we're already seeing things like that with Google Glass. These are these augmented reality glasses that Google will start selling next year, that will project data about your environment on lenses just a few inches from your eyes. I think we're going to see much more of that.
I think we're going to see connectivity and computing embedded in more cars, glasses obviously, watches and thermostats. But I think what's going to distinguish these products isn't going to be sort of their design esthetics. But the idea that artificial intelligence will drive them to give users really contextually relevant information when they need it.
So I think in the future, maybe even next year, you're going to come to expect your smartphone to warn you if there's a traffic jam coming. And if you're choosing between digital wallets that are built into your mobile phone, you're going to choose the one that offers you really smart financial advice. That trend I sort of think of as big data for little people. And that's the final trend I'm watching.
SIEGEL: Well, Steve Henn and Laura Sydell, it sounds like an interesting year ahead. Thanks to both of you.
SYDELL: You're welcome.
HENN: Our pleasure.
Copyright © 2012 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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AC Milan AS Monaco As Roma Atletico Madrid Barcelona Bayern Munich Borussia Dortmund Inter Milan Juventus FC Napoli PSG RB Leipzig Real Madrid Sevilla Valencia
Aberdeen Celtic Hamilton Academical Hearts Hibernian Kilmarnock Livingston Motherwell Rangers Ross County St Johnstone St Mirren
Barnsley Birmingham City Blackburn Rovers Brentford Bristol City Cardiff City Charlton Athletic Derby County Fulham Huddersfield Town Hull City Leeds United Luton Town Middlesbrough Millwall Nottingham Forest Preston North End Queens Park Rangers Reading Sheffield Wednesday Stoke City Swansea City West Bromwich Albion Wigan Athletic
Spurs 0 West Ham 0
Tottenham 0 West Ham 0
Tottenham lost further ground in the race for fourth place as they were held to a frustrating goalless draw in today's London derby against West Ham at White Hart Lane.
Just 24 hours after being paired with Real Madrid in the Champions League quarter-finals, Spurs' chances of qualifying for next year's competition took a big blow despite dominating for large parts of the match.
Michael Dawson, Gareth Bale and Aaron Lennon all rattled the woodwork and Jermain Defoe was guilty of missing several good opportunities to break the deadlock, while West Ham stopper Robert Green performed superbly.
It is the sixth time that Spurs have failed to take all three points following a Champions League game and last week's aggregate win over Milan now seems a distant memory.
The result means Tottenham trail Chelsea by two points ahead of their match against Manchester City while a rejuvenated West Ham are now out of the relegation zone.
Hope was high for Spurs before kick off after Bale was passed fit to make his first start in two months while Harry Redknapp sprung a surprise by dropping Peter Crouch for Defoe, who was looking to score his 100th Spurs goal.
Avram Grant recalled Demba Ba and handed Lars Jacobsen the task of shackling Bale at right-back.
The Hammers went in to the match looking for their first win at White Hart Lane since April 1999 when Redknapp was in the opposition dugout.
Three minutes had elapsed when Dawson picked up a Modric pass and rattled the bar with a superb curling effort.
Bale then cut a low cross inside the box for Defoe, who flicked a shot inches wide of Green's far post to deny the former West Ham man.
West Ham continued to struggle as Modric and Rafael Van der Vaart both went close before Demba Ba slid Carlton Cole through against the run of play, but the former Chelsea man's weak shot was easily gathered by Heurelho Gomes.
Modric's trickery allowed him to sneak past his marker soon after but the 20-yard shot he aimed at goal slipped a matter of centimetres past Green's right-hand post.
With five minutes of the first half left, Lennon struck a post after racing down the right but the rebound off the woodwork caught Defoe by surprise and the striker's improvised six-yard effort went two yards wide of goal with Green stranded at the near post.
Carlton Cole turned William Gallas on the edge of the box and drew a good one-handed save from Heurelho Gomes at the start of the second period as West Ham looked to shock the hosts with an early strike.
Noble then drew the fury of the home bench after sliding in let with a two-footed challenge on Bale. Referee Mike Dean gave the midfielder a yellow card.
Green kept the scores level with a quick reaction save with his legs from Defoe's six-yard stab after Redknapp chose to switch Bale and Lennon.
Gary O'Neil tricked his way past Benoit Assou-Ekotto and his cross flew into Noble's path but his overhead kick flew a foot wide.
Cole's mis-timed challenge saw him plunge his studs into Sandro's shin. The Brazilian needed treatment but returned to the pitch soon after and the striker was booked.
West Ham performed much better in the second half and looked far more comfortable on the ball.
Cole had an appeal for a penalty turned down on the hour after Dawson appeared to push the striker as he went up for a header.
Ba then unleashed a 25-yard piledriver that Gomes saved magnificently with a diving one-handed save.
Pavlyuchenko fluffed a chance to put Tottenham ahead from eight yards, but then almost immediately made up for his failure, drawing a top save from Green with a 25-yard drive.
Upson hacked down Modric on the edge of the box with six minutes left, handing the hosts a good opportunity to snatch the win.
Bale stepped up and bent a left-foot shot destined for the top corner that Green somehow tipped onto the bar. The ball dropped down and Jacobsen hooked clear, much to the visitors' relief.
Pavlyuchenko played Defoe in with two minutes left but he blasted high and wide before Modric did the same in the last minute of injury time.


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DISGRACED Tory councillor John Morgan will only have to pay back £5 of more than £154,000 he stole from an elderly Alzheimer's sufferer.
At a confiscation hearing today at Oxford Crown Court a barrister for the Crown Prosecution Service said because his wife was awarded their £250,000 home in divorce proceedings the pensioner has no remaining assets.
Alan Blake, prosecuting, said it was with "regret" that the CPS had decided it could not oppose civil court proceedings which had ruled the house should belong to Morgan's wife.
Recorder Patrick Hamlin said in light of the prosecution's decision the former Wantage and Vale of White Horse councillor would have 28 days to pay a nominal sum of £5.


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Yesterday, I was having some issue syncing the file to UbuntuOne. It turns out to be a disk space issue in the end, but during the process I learned couple tricks that is quite useful for troubleshooting UbuntuOne. So, I thought someone else might be interested in this as well:
UbuntuOne lesson 101:
To enable debug logging you need to:
1) Quit syncdaemon
killall ubuntuone-syncdaemon
2) Append the following lines in the ~/.config/ubuntuone/syncdaemon.conf
level = DEBUG
3) Then, the logging can be found in ~/.cache/ubuntuone/log/syncdaemon.log
UbuntuOne lesson 102:
Using the following command to see the current file transfering status:
u1sdtool –current-transfers
UbuntuOne lesson 103:
To request a "rescan" on a specific folder
Read more
u1sdtool –refresh /full/path/to/folder


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Victims of Sioux Falls Motorcycle Crash Identified
A Sioux Falls woman was killed Wednesday night in a two-vehicle crash near the Interstate 29 interchange on I-229.
The South Dakota Highway Patrol says 38-year-old Michael William Billet of Brookings was driving the motorcycle and 35-year-old Shauna Lynn Rose was a passenger.
The two had stopped on the shoulder of the highway and were coming back onto the road just after 9:30 pm when they were struck from behind by a vehicle driven by 20-year-old Dylan Waldner of Renner.
Rose died of her injuries and Billet had serious but not life-threatening injuries. Troopers say neither was wearing a helmet. Waldner was not wearing a seat belt, but he was not injured.


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AT&T is having 'many discussions' with popular software-as-a-service providers about using its scalable dedicated networks for their cloud offerings, in a move that could make them more popular enterprises that have tough service level agreements.
Steven Caniano, vice president of hosting, managed applications and cloud at AT&T, revealed at a briefing this week at the company's Global Network Operations Centre that capacity on networks is a problem for popular public cloud providers that want to be seen as serious players in the enterprise. Although he was reluctant to be specific about what companies AT&T was engaged with, he said that there was 'no lack of interest'.
"I will tell you that a lot of the very common, large cloud providers, who desire a play in the enterprise, are having many discussions as to how to do that, and many of those discussions are with us," said Caniano.
"I would suggest that this an area to watch."
Although AT&T offers its own variety of cloud services over dedicated global networks, which are designed to be more secure and more scalable than those available on the shared public internet, he believes that there is scope to partner and increase the company's market share in the –as-a-service market.
He said: "We will win a larger share if we find a way to be more relevant for when a customer needs a cloud capability we don't provide. Whether that's in another geography, or a SaaS functionality that we aren't in the market of building, but would sit nicely on top of our cloud - we believe that is a positive trade off."
Caniano explained that the traditional public cloud providers, which often rely on public internet infrastructure to deliver the data and provide services, are struggling to deliver the performance of a scalable, dedicated network, at a low cost.
"What's interesting in the traditional [public cloud] model, is that one of the big elements of costs is the network. Generally with those models, you pay on the traffic that leaves across the network. In some cases that's a higher proportion of the bill than what you get in the datacentre," said Caniano.
"Amazon and Google get a lot of attention by saying that they are lowering the cost of each virtual machine, but you almost never see them say anything about doing something with the network. They are going to need to - that's a hidden cost of cloud."
He added: "We have offered our AT&T cloud in an integrated fashion with our network. We have literally built the cloud into our network, such that when you are an AT&T VPN client, and they run traffic all over the world on our enterprise networks, without any additional pipe, in a secure fashion, you can dynamically access our cloud. We think it gives you the best of both, we scale the network with the cloud as you need it."
AT&T has already made moves in this area, albeit just at an infrastructure level, where it partnered with IBM earlier this year to provide its SmartCloud Enterprise+ solution over AT&T's virtual private network.
Caniano reiterated that AT&T's strategy is definitely to pursue partnerships like this in the future.
"I would say that we have a twofold strategy in cloud. One is to offer a premier, integrated, network-based cloud that we sell directly to our customers. The second is to offer a secure, cloud enabled network that connects to partners that we can offer through their clouds," he said.
"We are not a software company that is going to build a Salesforce.com CRM, we are not a Microsoft that is going to build a suite of services. There are many clouds out there that would benefit from our technology. "
He added: "We do see the opportunity to position our network as a platform for cloud processing across multiple clouds. A highway for business, that would not be open to public traffic, but would go to repositories it needs – the IBM cloud, partner X cloud, etc."


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written by
Gay Stewart and
John Stewart
The National Science Foundation's Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program seeks to encourage talented science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors and STEM professionals to become P-12 mathematics and science teachers. In this workshop, Gay Stewart, PI of a Noyce at the University of Arkansas and adviser on several other Noyce projects, will help participants gain an understanding of the features of the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program and assist them in developing their own ideas for projects and proposal preparation. Her funded proposal, with reviewer comments and project responses, will be used to help participants consider their own programs and data, and how to prepare a potentially successful proposal.
Last Modified June 21, 2011


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New Judge Sworn in for South Dakota's 2nd Judicial Circuit
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) - A new judge has been sworn in to the 2nd Judicial Circuit serving Lincoln and Minnehaha counties.
KELO-TV reports that Mark Salter was sworn in as the 35th judge in the 2nd Judicial Circuit on Friday.
Salter replaces William J. Srstka, who is retiring.
Salter has worked at the U.S. Attorney's Office since 2004. He has been the chief of the office's appellate division since 2009. Before that, he worked at a private practice in civil and business law. Salter also is a veteran of the U.S. Navy.
Salter says he is grateful for the opportunity.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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|Home > Florida Then & Now > A Short History of Florida > Sir Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake
- The students will be able identify Sir Francis Drake and his various exploits.
Sunshine State Standards Benchmarks:SS.A.1.2.1 - SS.A.2.2.3 - SS.A.3.2.4 - SS.A.4.2.2 - SS.A.6.2.3 - SS.B.1.2.1
cache knighted landmark vulnerable perseverance estate
Suggested Activities:
- On a map of the Caribbean region, locate and label the Dominican Republic, Cartageña, and St. Augustine.
- Have the students research what it means to be "knighted". Create a list of people who have been knighted, past and present.
- Have the students research more about Sir Francis Drake and his trip around the world.
- Complete and review FCAT questions.
(Note: Actual FCAT practice passages are wrtten at the students' independent reading level. These Florida History selections are written at the students' instructional reading level. Therefore, students should not be asked to complete the questions until after receiving class instruction on the vocabulary and content of the passage. Students should also read the Florida History selection independently before answering the FCAT questions and be permited to return to the selection for rereading as they answer.)
|Home > Florida Then & Now > A Short History of Florida > Sir Francis Drake
Florida: A Social Studies Resource for Students and Teachers
Produced by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology,
College of Education, University of South Florida © 2002.


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Computing machines, whether hardware or software or some combintation, are frequently modeled as ``state machines.''
To so model a computing machine we must represent its states as objects in our mathematical framework.
Transitions are functions or relations on state objects.
In what language shall we define these objects, functions, and relations?
The mathematical languages we were taught in high school
trignometry, and
are inappropriate for modeling digital systems. They primarily let us talk about numbers and continuous functions.
To see what kind of expressive power we need, take a closer look at what a typical state contains.