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Update: NT Diagrams (7.015o)
Date: 08/31/06 at 09:59:48
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Trustee Members
Trustees form the pillars of support for The Ad Club, and include some of the best known marketing and media organizations in New England. They bring commitment, inspiration, and vision to The Ad Club and its activities. These are organizations who have designated a handful of key delegates to serve as liaisons to the broader advertising and marketing community. They bring tremendous leadership to Ad Club efforts.

subset: commoncrawl


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Easy One-Dish Dinners
Make meal planning easy by preparing one of these tasty one-dish entrées for dinner tonight.
If you're in need of an easy recipe for tonight, nothing is better than a one-dish dinner recipe. Whether you're throwing the ingredients together in one-pot or a sheet-pan, one-dish dinner recipes are perfect for easily preparing meals. You might think one-pot recipes can only be pastas or casseroles, but it can be anything from our Southwest Chicken Rice Bowl to Skillet Pork Chops with Apples and Onions. For a light dinner, go with the Roasted Chicken Caesar Salad. For a meal everyone can gather around the table for, the Creole Seafood Jambalaya perfect. These easy one-pot dinners are perfect for any night of the week. Check out the entire list of Easy One-Dish Dinners and prepare one of these tasty one-dish recipes tonight.


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Ok so I had never even heard of MSG and its 'dangers' until I started to read about Japanese and Oriental cooking. I have never experienced 'Chinese restaurant syndrome' nor have I met anyone who has. So I was very surprised to learn about it.
Then once I had discovered its apparent dangers, I watch something on the good old BBC that seemed to suggest the opposite. The show was E-Numbers: An Edible Adventure and it was the first or second episode. If you can watch iPlayer, do so as it is awesome. If not I am sure someone has youtubed it already.
Anyway basically one part of the show covered MSG. They asked chefs to discuss it but only one would Jun Tanaka (who I love!) Now he says he uses it in his cooking and says it adds something that he can't put his finger on but knows if it is missing kind of thing. There was also a sciency bit, which is what got me thinking, where they explained how MSG is absorbed in the body. Simply, the MSG seperates almost immediately when digested and the sodium part os absorbed like normal, the same as salt, and the glutamate is left the thing that causes all the problems apparently. Well glutamate is found in loads of foods like broccoli carrots chicken etc etc etc and the MSG glutamate is absorbed in the same way as in the other 'natural' stuff.
What did they do, grab a bunch of people and make them eat 2 different cuisines. One group ate Chinese food with no MSG but had loads of ingredients that contained glutamate naturally. And the other ate Italian and again, had foods that contained glutamate naturally. 7 (or 8 can't remember) out of the 10 said they had symptoms associated with eating MSG. The conclusion, it was the glutamate not the MSG compound.
I may not have explained it completely well, but I hope you get the idea. If not try and watch the show it was very good! So I'm wondering if this whole MSG thing was just over hyped?
I'm not short, I'm fun sized ^_^
Ooh, I must iPlayer this! the first part was really good!
I get the feeling that nowadays, people are much more open minded about E numbers - when I was growing up, my Mum had a copy of the book 'E is for Additives' and tried to steer away from all E numbers, and the consensus was that they were 'not natural' and generally evil. I DO in fact react badly to some additives. The point is though, some additives listed as E numbers ARE natural - cochineal, which I avoid as a veggie, for example - and just because they occur naturally, doesn't mean that they are 'good' or 'bad'. People can have pretty bad reactions to various natural additives.
I think perhaps with MSG, the scare was that restaurants and food producers were throwing it about liberally, and sticking it in EVERYTHING - which is a situation very similar to salt, which we all know is not damaging, so long as you eat the right amount - but it is interesting to think that 'natural' sources of glutamate may have similar effects to processed MSG.
I can't even remember what it was that MSG was supposed to do now - heart palpitations and what-not, was it? Oh, I'll stop rambling and check out episode 2, and then I can make a fair assessment!
Glutamate is in every protein in VERY large quantities. It's one of the 20 amino acids that make up the vast bulk of all proteins, and it's one of the most common ones. So if you are eating 100g of protein, you're probably eating at least 5 g of glutamate. And that's far far more than any cook adds to a serving of food as MSG. I have never been able to understand why people seem to react badly to it.
My blog is Food and Shoes
Well, I seem to have a very short attention span, 'cos it turns out that it WAS in the first episode...
Anyway, it does make sense that people would react to naturally occurring glutamates in the same way as MSG, although the 'experiment' wasn't particularly scientific... Still it's a good show, and it does teach me something new every so often. Good fun. There was a new one last night that any Brits out there (sorry, rest of world!) should be able to see on iPlayer or Catch-up. Just a warning...don't watch it while having your tea, like I did. Some slightly icky stuff this time round!
No that's what I said, but even if it not very scientific, I bed they could replicate the results at least... And it just shows maybe we're too harsh on some chemicals cause of what the media says. I didn't realise how many E-Numbers are things that occur naturally, but have to be given a name sort of thing like pregnant bugs (haha thats waaay funnier to me).
Last night was gross! I watched it at the gym, so glad I wasn't eating haha! And he actually ate that bacon! Like I ever would!
I finally got around to watching this the other day. First off, Stefan Gates at the moment is my favorite food-related TV personality. I loved the Cooking in the Danger Zone series. Anyway, the E numbers series is very entertaining and quite enlightening too, though I was surprised at how much of that I knew already. The MSG segment was great. My mother always reacts badly to MSG - or at least, she complains when she thinks some food has MSG in it - and she's Japanese! (I have wondered for some time if she's reacting just as much to the sodium in MSG as to the glutamates.) I'm just old enough to remember a time when Ajinomoto, the original MSG brand, was popular as a gift item in Japan - my parents used to get great big cans of it sent to them. Nowadays, MSG is getting almost as vilified in Japan as it is in the west, though people do still use 'flavor enhancers'. I don't think I'll be rushing out to buy MSG anytime soon, but it's interesting to ponder that a few people are sensitive to glutamates in general, not MSG per se.
The second episode about preservatives and flavorings was fascinating too. Funny in a way that we all seem to be clamoring for 'all-natural' products these days on the one hand, but get inordinately upset when some sort of food contamination scandal breaks out. With mass food production, you have to wonder if it's really realistic to expect food to be safe AND 'natural' all the time.
The Big Onigiri.
- Wherever you go, there you are. -
Its true about things having to be natural then complaining! The food companies just can't win can they? To be honest I think if its in moderation it can't be too harmful to me. I cook most things from scratch myself anyway, so even though my tom puree may have some in or something, I don't think I eat enough for the E's to be a problem.
I do think the media hype how 'bad' they are though. Good ol' Daily Hate and the likes scaring the public
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To use the Internet Explorer app on your Xbox 360 console, you need:
To start Internet Explorer later, go to Apps, My Apps and then Internet Explorer.
When you run Internet Explorer the first time, you will be prompted to configure settings. To access the settings at any time, follow these steps:
The following settings are available:
Turn on SmartScreen Filter to help protect against unsafe websites
SmartScreen Filter helps detect phishing (fraudulent) websites. As you browse the web, it analyses web pages. If it determines that a web page is suspicious, SmartScreen displays a caution message. SmartScreen Filter also checks the sites that you visit against a dynamic list of reported phishing and malicious software sites. If it finds a match, SmartScreen notifies you that the site has been blocked for your safety.
Send my browsing history to Microsoft to help improve Microsoft products and services
You can choose to send your browsing history to Microsoft to help improve Microsoft products and services. By default, this option is turned off.
Use web pages formatted for mobile devices
You can configure Internet Explorer to request the mobile version of web pages that you visit. This setting can help if web pages that you access don't look right on your TV or if the page uses Flash, Java, Silverlight or other plug-ins that Internet Explorer on Xbox doesn't support.
Use my whole TV screen to show web content
Some websites are not formatted for a widescreen display. They may have blank margins or bars on the side when viewed on an HDTV. If you're using a widescreen HDTV, this option will zoom in on the web page, reducing these margins.
Allow websites to store cookies on my Xbox
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All Bar One Aberdeen
5 Marischal Square, Broad Street, Aberdeen, AB10 1BL 01224 451020
5 Marischal Square, Broad Street, Aberdeen, AB10 1BL 01224 451020
This year we're doing something a little different for Valentine's Day at All Bar One Aberdeen and we want you to join us for Galentine's Week between 8th – 15th February 2019.
Because… why not? Valentine's isn't just about love hearts, roses, chocolate and cheesy cards (though we wouldn't say no to an oversized bouquet).
At All Bar One Aberdeen, Galentine's is all about those who you love, not just your significant other. Female relationships are just as (if not more) important — we love Valentine's and we love our gal pals!
Of course, you can still celebrate Valentine's Day on the 14th of February, but Galentine's is your chance to catch up with those amazing females in your life.
To make your celebration even better we're treating you to a complimentary bottle of wine or two of our Absolutini sharing cocktails when you purchase 4 small plates, so you can sit back, relax and toast to another year of being fabulous.
Simply show this page to your server and let them know you're celebrating Galentine's Day!
We want to give a shout out to the ultimate members of the girl squad.
Can you guess which one you are?
We all know that girl manages to juggle a million things at once whilst keeping their work/life balance in tact. This busy bee still always turns up on time, is down to party and miraculously looks fabulous no matter how late (or early 👀 ) you party till. They're the girl you can always rely on to never miss a lunch date.
Even if you and bae have been together for 7 years, 3 days and 53 minutes, he still won't know more about you than this bestie does. There's 'that weekend' at uni she'll never tell anyone about and that guy who even you forgot you kissed back at uni! Best of all, you know that secrets between you will always stay that way. She's the mind-reader - the one friend never has to ask whether you're getting a glass of wine or the bottle.
Picture this, it's Friday night, at home and Netflix just isn't doing it for you, who's the first person you call? We all have that one friend who will change from slippers to stilettos in the blink of an eye, all in the name of a good night out. She's already ordered the first round and shots by the time you get to the bar. As soon as she walks through the door, you know the good times are about to roll.
Sometimes the truth hurts, but there's always that one pal who's gonna tell you exactly how it is. She's more blunt than a sledge hammer, whether you want to hear it or not. Whether that's telling you to step away from triple denim or just that since meeting bae you've turned into a boring old fart who never lunches with the squad anymore. But this girl always has your best interest at heart. She's fiercely loyal and will always stick by your side.


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hiddenNov 26, 2013 04:11:50 IST
Anchorwoman Katie Couric, who has hosted high-profile programs on all three major US television networks, will head a team of global correspondents and help shape news coverage at Yahoo Inc. , the Internet company announced on Monday.
Couric will join Yahoo next year as global anchor while continuing to host her talk show on the ABC television network. Yahoo Chief Executive Marissa Mayer had been wooing Couric for its growing news programming, according to media reports.
"News is a definitive daily habit for our users, and Katie will work with our talented editorial team to pioneer a new chapter of digital journalism," Mayer said in a statement.
Yahoo did not provide specifics about the planned format of its news programming. "Beginning in 2014, Katie will help develop Yahoo News' coverage with a growing team of global correspondents who will report on live world events, anchor groundbreaking interviews with major newsmakers and thought leaders, and much more," Yahoo said.
Couric was the popular co-anchor of NBC's morning program The Today Show. She left NBC for CBS News in 2006 to become the first female to host the nightly news on her own.
Currently she has her own talk show "Katie" on Walt Disney's ABC network.
Couric is the latest high profile journalist to join Yahoo news including former New York Times tech columnist David Pogue and New York Times political correspondent Matt Bai.
The talent roster shows that at least for now, Mayer is committed to building out its news division, something that was not clear when she first stepped into the role of CEO.
Yahoo has relationships in place with news organizations including ABC News. It struck up that partnership in 2011 to co-produce news projects and sell web advertising.
Tech2 is now on WhatsApp. For all the buzz on the latest tech and science, sign up for our WhatsApp services. Just go to Tech2.com/Whatsapp and hit the Subscribe button.


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Mark9 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 247 designs submitted by 62 freelance designers.
We are a technology startup in the marketing and advertising space. Our product is about finding the leaders in a market for our clients.
Our logo needs to feel like a solid, stable, big, and bold company. Think Visa, Brocade, Oracle, Cisco.
Our placeholder logo can be found at http://www.socialmatica.com.
Target audience will be high level marketing executives.
1. No Web 2.0 - although we are a technology start up we do not want a candy looking logo with a reflection like so many others.
2. The typeface should be clear, simple and bold. We want something that stands out. Again being careful not to be too fancy.
3. Nothing "cute". We are a serious company making a serious difference to the world of marketing.
4. We would like you to play with different uses of a mostly black logo with red accents.
5. Socialmatica is one word. Do not try to split it into Social Matica
logos we like:
We like the red and black of the Brocade logo.
The files we will require are:
Print file format - .ai (CMYK)
Web file format - .jpg and layered .psd (RGB)
Please do not use any stock images or clip art in the logo
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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This book is a collection of previously-published papers on the origins of economic thought discovered in the writings of some prominent Islamic scholars belonging to the five centuries prior to the pre-modern era. This period was labelled by the late Joseph Schumpeter in the 1950s as representing the "great gap" in literary history, in particular the history of economic thought. Since then, this mishap, already well embedded in the relevant literature, was further strengthened and perpetuated. However, during this period the Islamic civilisation was about the most fertile grounds for intellectual developments in various disciplines, including economics. The present single-volume collection of papers attempts to fill that blind-spot in the history of economic thought.
Table of contents
2. Challenging the 'Great Gap' thesis
3.1. Foreword by Professor S. Todd Lowry
3.2. Introduction by Professor S.M. Ghazanfar
5. References and further reading on economic thought in Islam: past and present
Figure 1: Front cover of Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the 'Great Gap' in European Economics, edited by S.M. Ghazanfar (Routledge and Curzon, 2003).
Review of Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the 'Great Gap' in European Economics, edited by S.M. Ghazanfar; Foreword by S. Todd Lowry. Book Series: "Islamic Studies Series". London/New York: Routledge/Curzon, 2003. xv + 284 pp. (hardback), ISBN: 0-415-29778-8. Paperback 2007. ISBN-10: 0415444519, ISBN-13: 978-0415444514, 22.9 x 15.5 x 2.3 cm.
The resurgence of various studies in recent decades on the history of socio-economic thought, focusing on the writings of various medieval Islamic scholars (e.g., Al-Ghazali, Ibn Taimiyah, Ibn Qayyim, and others), is a noteworthy progress in social sciences. This literature challenges the "great gap" thesis propounded by the late Joseph Schumpeter. This thesis argued that the centuries between the Greeks and the medieval Latin-scholastics were "blank," during which nothing of significance to economics was written anywhere. On the contrary, what emerged in recent scholarship is a totally different image. During this period several Islamic scholars wrote extensively on economics topics. Their writings, as those of their Latin-European successors, were teleological and holistic, with salvation as the ultimate purpose, but they include nevertheless significant positive content, and their discussion on numerous economic topics is remarkably similar to that found in contemporary literature. However, the mainstream literature completely omits their contributions; and, despite Schumpter's insistence on "filiation and continuity of ideas," his "gap" is thoroughly entrenched in the profession.
The book Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the 'Great Gap' in European Economics, edited by S.M. Ghazanfar, explores the field and seeks to contribute to a dialogue of mutual understanding, appreciation, and accommodation. Further, it attempts to fill the "great gap" in literary history. While only a few early Muslim scholars are included and the period covered is chiefly the Schumpeterian "blank centuries," obviously there were others during the same period and others beyond that period (e.g., Ibn Khaldun, 1342-1405) who wrote on economic issues; some wrote even separate treatise on economic matters. Beginning with the introductory essay that ignited the challenge, the book includes fifteen papers covering the works of several Muslim scholars. Themes discussed in their writings include, the functioning of the market mechanism in Islam before Adam Smith, economics of public finance in early Islamic writings, linkages and parallels between the economics of al-Ghazali and St. Thomas Aquinas, social thought of some early Muslim scholars and their influence on Latin-Europe, etc.
2. Challenging the 'Great Gap' thesis
Figure 2: Manuscript of al-Ghazali's al-Tabr al-Masbuk fi Nasihat al-Muluk wa al-Wuzara wa al-Wulat at the Ameican University in Beirut (Source).
The book under review challenges the conventional wisdom deeply entrenched in contemporary social sciences as to literary history and the origins of socio-economic thought. Concepts such as "rationality" and "progress" have been made exclusive to western contributions to human civilisation. As such, Europe and the West are assigned the unique position (quite erroneously, to be sure) of having evolved literary history in almost all its dimensions, leading to Enlightenment and Renaissance, and dynamic forces that resulted in 17th-century Scientific Revolution. At the same time, the non-European world is viewed as static, irrational, backwards, and basically "history-less".
This paradigm disregards the rest of the world when it comes to considering the progression of the ideas critical to the evolution of all human societies. Basically, it has been taken so much for granted that only "The West" has had any impact on "history" and "rational thought" and "knowledge" have been viewed as almost the exclusive domain of the Western mind.
In this context, Joseph Schumpeter, the Austro-American economist propounded the "great gap" thesis, arguing that between the collapse of the Greco-Roman civilisation and the dawn of the Enlightenment (the period generally identified as the European "Dark Ages"), no significant socio-economic thought or literary progression ever took place. He argued that "economic analysis begins with the Greeks," not to be re-established until the Latin-Scholastics emerged with St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)—the intervening centuries were simply "blank." Such a thesis ignores any contribution of the rest of the world to the history of economic thought and overlooks the numerous writings left by scholars from the early Islamic civilization in particular, but also from the Byzantine, Chinese, and Indian traditions.
Figure 3: Map of the Silk road and the Arab trade sea route (Source).
Since the world we live in now is pretty much defined by the economic successes of Europe and the West in the last two centuries (post Industrial Revolution), then it was never seen as necessary or possible to dispute the Schumpeterian thesis, like other Eurocentric ideas in the realm of culture or religion has been. It is in this context that Professor Ghazanfar's book is so original. It is an attempt to show that the aforementioned paradigm is patently absurd. Thus, the main objective of the book is to demonstrate, with well-documented evidence, that within the world of North Africa and West Asia, not only was economic activity (albeit in its non-European, non-Industrial form) alive and well, but so was economic thought in its various dimensions. By exploring and documenting the works of scholars who influenced the course of economic events and thought in this region and even directly influenced numerous medieval European minds (particularly the ecclesiastical and secular thinkers such as Aquinas or Bacon), Ghazanfar attempts to bring in ample examples of economic forces (from those designed to regulate the market to the relationship between private-sector economic activities and the role of the public sector) in order to show that the "great gap" was not present in the world to the south and east of the Mediterranean. In this, he is remarkably successful and is further assisted by auxiliary and complementary articles describing the situation in the Islamic lands beyond the Mediterranean environ. Some debates and discussions are also included, broadening the conversation to include more than a few issues particular to the world of medieval Islam. However, the fact that the book is an edited volume of several independently-written articles, each requiring its own introduction and narrative, the book tends to become a bit repetitive towards the end, although these parts can be easily escaped when they are absorbed properly from the earlier articles.
Figure 4: Islamic coins of the Abbadis period (Caliph Harun al-Rashid, r. 170-193 H/786-809 CE). Dirhams, script on each side "Madinat-al-Salaam mint", dated 190 H (Source).
While the focus of the book, Medieval Islamic Economic Thought, is primarily on economic thought originating in the writings of several medieval Muslim scholars, it also documents the multi-dimensional influences from the early Islamic civilization which gave rise to an unprecedented intellectual revival in Latin-Europe. Economic ideas of a few early Islamic scholars are documented and it is argued that these ideas are remarkably similar to those found in contemporary textbooks, though not as elegantly presented. For example, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali discussed the notions of specialization and division of labour in the early 11th century, something that is usually attributed to Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776).
Further, one finds discussion of incentives-based free-enterprise, voluntary-exchange economy, demand and supply forces and their intensities, production efficiency, stages of production, hierarchy of consumption needs, environmental concerns, poverty and income distribution, social welfare optimization, role of money (including currency debasement, counterfeiting), regional trade, public finances (including various types of taxes and their incentive-equity effects), elements of cost-benefits analysis, role of the state, regulation of markets, role of a market regulator (the muhtasib), etc. Indeed, the essential roots of modern capitalism lie in the early Islamic world.
3.1. Foreword by Professor S. Todd Lowry
Figure 5: Front cover of The Bazaar: Markets and Merchants of the Islamic World by Walter M. Weiss, Kurt-Michael Westermann (Thames & Hudson, 1998).
"The Anglo-American intellectual tradition focuses on the north European Atlantic-oriented societies during their cultural development over the last few centuries. This is particularly true of the history of economic thought. The consolidation of nation states and the growth of international commerce in England, France, the Low Countries, and the Hanseatic cities during the 16th and 17th centuries provided the foundations for the agricultural and industrial revolutions of the 18th and early 19th centuries. It is not surprising, therefore, that the classic paradigm in economic thought, set out in J.A. Schumpeter's erudite History of Economic Analysis in 1954, concentrated on the thought of this period with an emphasis on the "Great Gap" between the philosophical contributions of ancient Greece and their rediscovery in the Middle Ages. The interval between the intellectual culture of antiquity and its north European "rebirth" or Renaissance has been labelled the "Dark Ages" from a north European idiosyncratic perspective. Professor S.M. Ghazanfar has formally challenged this mindset, the "Great Gap" thesis that was emphasized by Schumpeter.
"The historical facts are undeniable, namely that the culture of antiquity was sustained and developed in the Islamic world during the medieval period; and the intellectual darkness in northern Europe from the 7th to the 11th century AD was a strictly local phenomenon. The torchbearers of ancient learning during the medieval period were the Muslims, and it was from them that the Renaissance was sparked and the Enlightenment kindled. This has been amply demonstrated in the history of science and mathematics in recent years. For example, in the early 12th century, the Englishman Adelard of Bath travelled to Muslim Spain and Syria, collecting and translating Arabic manuscripts on mathematics. He is credited with bringing Euclid's Elements into the medieval academic world. What has been generally ignored, however, is the character and sophistication of Arabic writings on economic subjects.
Figure 6: The Egyptian Bazaar in Istanbul (2007) (Source).
"The Muslim Scholastics oriented much of their work in terms of theological discourse, as did the Christian schoolmen. The number of these Christian writers that were able to read Arabic is little noted and the parallels between Muslim and Christian writings have yet to be definitively drawn. We can observe, however, for illustrative purposes, that the Scholastic doctrine of Lucrum Cessans or A Value Conceded, used by Christian theologians to justify the charging of a price to cover lost income resulting from the lending of money (opportunity cost), was a Muslim doctrine dating from early medieval times, according to Maxime Rodinson's Islam and Capitalism (1978). The influence of Aristotelianism as characterized by Louis Baeck in his The Mediterranean Tradition in Economic Thought (1994) was primarily moral. The Muslim Scholastics, preceding the Christian schoolmen, also couched their writings in moral or religious terms. They were, however, primarily dealing with practical issues of the day in the idiom of their culture. Yassine Essid, in his A Critique of the Origins of Islamic Economic Thought (1995), has described the administrative orientation of the institution of the muhtasib, or ombudsman, or market manager and judge. The manuals that provided guidance and instruction for his conduct give us a clear picture of the economy of the Muslim city. This official was in charge of weights and measures as well as standards of fairness and quality that are preconditions for the functioning of markets. Regulations varied with the need to protect the public and the economic health of the city from forces that would limit the fair balance of trade or take advantage of shortages of necessary consumer goods. This tradition was carried into Muslim Spain with the institution of El Señor del Suq, or master of the market. The Arabic word for market, suq, is preserved in modern Spanish as zoco or zocolo meaning central market or plaza.
"It was an Islamic principle not to set prices for the market, but, by the same token, there was no equivalent to the 18th-century belief in natural order emerging from the market. The market regulators could set maximum and minimum prices for goods and had elaborate rules illustrating the need to protect a zone of fair bargaining from a very sophisticated capacity for mercantile fraud. Requiring similar crafts and traders to be aggregated in separate sections of the market promoted competition and comparative shopping. Close supervision of weights and measures and quality also supported the market function. Once when a Tunisian friend came into my office, I was apprised of an old Arabic epithet when he commented, "This place looks like a suq!"--a jumbled mess. It is in this context that we must approach Professor Ghazanfar's interest in the economic writings of the Muslim theologians and the parallels with their Christian cohorts. Not only were the Muslim commercial towns of Spain and north Africa more sophisticated and better managed than the nascent towns of 11th- and 12th-century Europe, excepting Italy, but the European Scholastics and mathematicians looked to the Muslim world for their intellectual progress, as did the merchants. The Greek classics, particularly Aristotle's work, were accessible through translations from the Arabic. The strength of the commercial culture of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages has been somewhat ignored and brushed aside by the idiosyncratic nationalism of the Atlantic states. We have forgotten the trade languages, Lingua Franca in the eastern Mediterranean and Saber in the western Mediterranean, and the academic contacts between Cordoba and Paris. When, in the 13th century, the English sought to protect their small farmers from cattle theft and untrustworthy continental cattle buyers, they established special market towns with specific market days. The market rules prohibited forestalling, engrossing and regrating. Forestalling was buying from a farmer en route to the market with cajoling stories of collapsed prices, etc. It also meant that sales had to take place in the open market to be legal. In this way stolen cattle could be identified. It is hardly an accident that these three restrictions existed in the Muslim market rules with similar definitions (Essid, 155-7). As the "less developed" countries--France, the Netherlands and England--took up an active commercial life, it makes sense for us to look at their intellectual and practical evolution as an extension of the Mediterranean experience.
"The eminent analyst of medieval Scholasticism, Odd Langholm, in his recent book The Legacy of Scholasticism in Economic Thought (1998), brings out the institutional practicalities of Scholastic policy and theory. This same perspective on the relation between Muslim and Christian Scholasticism is in order and is a badly needed step toward a proper understanding of the influence of the superior Muslim scientific and philosophical erudition of medieval times. Not only can it be documented that many scientists and theologians in the medieval period read Arabic, it is strange that St Thomas Aquinas' embrace of Aristotelianism has seldom been correlated with a familiarity with Muslim academic erudition, since Aristotle's works were being drawn from Muslim intermediaries. Aquinas was raised in Naples, in the shadow of the then cultural sophistication of the Court of Frederick II in Sicily. Professor Ghazanfar has the study of Aquinas' Arabic sources.
"Furthermore, it is well known that the work of Averroes (Ibn Rushd) and Avicenna (Ibn Sina) were dominant influences in the School of Paris. It is, therefore, high time for extensive study of the Muslim literature of the time as the basis for a broader perspective on our theoretical heritage and the history of our economic customs and practices. It is seldom noted that our word cheque for a financial instrument comes from an Arabic term, and that our word magazine for storage room or literary collection comes from the Arabic word for warehouse".
3.2. Introduction by Professor S.M. Ghazanfar
"While the 9/11 apocalyptic nightmare and subsequent events have generated an environment in which academic discussions of the "civilizational clash" vis-à-vis the West and the Islamic world have surfaced to the common consciousness, this very phenomenon also suggests the intense need for a dialogue across cultures and nations. That indeed was the spirit behind the 1998 United Nations resolution which declared 2001 as the "Year of Civilizational Dialogue". While the present volume focuses primarily on economic thought in the writings of several medieval Islamic scholars, it also documents the multi-dimensional linkages and influences, extending over several medieval centuries, between the then vibrant Islamic civilization and the evolving Latin-European culture. In that sense, this book may make some modest contribution toward cultivating the spirit of dialogue and appreciation of inexorable historic connections between the two worlds whose origins lie in the same crucible.
"The book is a single-volume collection of papers, published during recent years in various national and international journals, on the subject of the origins of economic thought among medieval Islamic Scholastics; this is not a book about Islamic economics, however. A key stimulus for these papers emanates from a blind spot that has long prevailed in the relevant literature and which was further strengthened and perpetuated by the late Joseph A. Schumpeter. In his classic History of Economic Analysis (1954), Schumpeter propounded the "Great Gap" thesis, namely that the several centuries between the Greeks and the Latin Scholastics (particularly St Thomas Aquinas, 1225-74) were simply "blank" centuries (Schumpeter, 74). During this period, argued Schumpeter, nothing of relevance to economics was written anywhere (nor was anything written, it would seem, in any other discipline) (Schumpeter, 52). Such a claim is patently untenable, as argued in Chapter 1 of this volume.
"Unfortunately, however, the "gap" tradition is well entrenched in almost all relevant literature-indeed, in almost all literary history. The li terature on economic ideas, often presented as "universal", "comprehensive" and "international in scope", almost invariably begins with Aristotle (384-322BC), then leaps to St Thomas Aquinas and beyond, but is restricted to European/North American scholarship. Despite his insistence on "intellectual continuity" and "filiation of ideas", Schumpeter chose to disregard the contributions from other civilizations and cultures, in particular the contributions of medieval Islamic writers. Almost precisely during this period, the Islamic civilization represented about the most fertile environment of intellectual activity in almost all areas of then known endeavours, including socio-economic thought. With the background of the rediscovered Greek intellectual reservoir, numerous Islamic scholars developed concepts and notions on various economic topics, among other things, which are remarkably similar, though less elegantly couched, to those found in the writings of subsequent European scholars as well as in the contemporary literature; some Islamic sages even wrote separate treatises specifically devoted to economic/commercial issues. Further, almost all of this intellectual output was transferred en masse, through various sources and over several centuries, to early Latin-Europe. And this knowledge transfer facilitated the 12th-century Renaissance, with its emphasis on science and philosophy, and laid the foundations for "the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century and eventually the rise of modern science in the seventeenth" (Nebelsick, 9). Indeed, this was the period when "Islam was at one and the same time the enemy and the great source of higher material and intellectual culture" (Watt 1965, 180).
"While the blind spot of the Schumpeterian literature "gap" persists in much of the mainstream literature, there is evidence of some recent accommodative gestures. The 1994 History of Economics Society conference commemorated the 50th anniversary of Schumpeter's classic, and it included sessions on the "gap" thesis (the lead paper, "Post-Greek/pre-Renaissance economic thought", is included in the present volume). Subsequently, several papers from this conference were published in an edited volume, and in referring to the "gap" controversy, the editor says: 'of all Schumpeter's alleged errors in the HEA, the one that seems to have stirred up the most debate among historians is Schumpeter's remark about the alleged "Great Gap" in the flow of analytic discussions between the 9th and 14th centuries' (Moss 1996b, 5).
And he further points out:
'Thanks to the research presented… and to a variety of important other writings and papers… as this century ends, historians can celebrate some success in responding to Schumpeter's implicit challenge…' ((ibid., 7)".
Notes on Contributors
S. Todd Lowry Foreword
- S.M. Ghazanfar, Scholastic Economics and Arab Scholars: The "Great Gap" Thesis Reconsidered (originally published, in seven languages, Diogenese: International Review of Humane Studies, Paris, no.154, April-June 1991)
- S.M. Ghazanfar and A. Azim Islahi Economic Thought of an Arab Scholastic: Abu-hamid Al-Ghazali (ah450-505/1058-1111ad) (originally published, History of Political Economy, vol.22, no.2, 1990)
- Paul Oslington, Economic Thought and Religious Thought, A Comment on Ghazanfar and Islahi (originally published, History of Political Economy, vol.27, no.4, 1995)
- S.M. Ghazanfar and A. Azim Islahi, A Rejoinder to "Economic Thought and Religious Thought" (originally published, History of Political Economy, vol.27, no.4, 1995)
- S.M. Ghazanfar and A. Azim Islahi, Explorations in Medieval Arab-islamic Economic Thought: Some Aspects of Ibn Taimiyah's Economics (originally published, S. Todd Lowry, Editor, Perspectives on the History of Economic Thought: Selected Papers from the History of Economic Thought Conference 1990, vol.7, Edward Elgar, Vermont, 1992)
- S.M. Ghazanfar, History of Economic Thought: The Schumpeterian "Great Gap", The "lost" Arab-Islamic Legacy and The Literature gap (originally published, Journal of Islamic Studies (Oxford), vol.6, no.2, 1995)
- Hamid Hosseini, Understanding The Market Mechanism Before Adam Smith: Economic Thought in Medieval Islam (originally published, History of Political Economy, vol.27, no.3, 1995)
- Hamid Hosseini, Innaccuracy of The Schumpeterian "Great Gap" Thesis: Economic Thought in Medieval Iran (Persia) (originally published, Laurence S. Moss, Editor, Joseph A. Schumpeter, Historian of Economics: Perspectives on the History of Economic Thought—Selected Papers from the History of Economics Society Conference 1994, Routledge, London and New York, 1996)
- S.M. Ghazanfar and A. Azim Islahi, Explorations in Medieval Arab-Islamic Economic Thought: Some Aspects of Ibn Qayyim's Economics (ah691-751/1292-1350ad) (originally published, History of Economic Ideas (Italy), vol.3, no.1, 1997)
- S.M. Ghazanfar, Medieval Islamic Socio-economic Thought: Links With Greek and Latin-European Scholarship (originally published, Humanomics, vol.13, nos.3-4, 1997)
- S.M. Ghazanfar, Post-Greek/pre-Rrenaissance Economic Thought: Contributions of Arab-islamic Scholastics During The "Great Gap" Centuries (originally published, Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, no.16, 1998)
- S.M. Ghazanfar, The Economic Thought of Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali and St Thomas Aquinas: Some Comparative Parallels and Links (originally published, History of Political Economy, vol.34, no.2, 2000)
- M. Nejatullah Siddiqi and S.M. Ghazanfar, Early Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Abu Yousuf's (731-798ad) Economics of Public Finance (originally published, History of Economic Ideas (Italy), vol.9, no.1, 2001)
- S.M. Ghazanfar, Public-sector Economics in Medieval Economic Thought: Contributions of Selected Arab-Islamic Scholars (originally published, Public Finance/Finances Publiques, vo.53, no.1, 1998)
- S.M. Ghazanfar, Medieval Social Thought European Renaissance: The Influence of Selected Arab-Islamic Scholastics (presented, International Medieval Congress 2001, University of Leeds, U.K., 2001; modified version published, Encounters: Journal of Intercultural Perspectives (UK), vol.9, no.1, 2003)
Contributors Information
- S.M. Ghazanfar, University of Idaho, USA
- Hamid Hosseini, King's College, Pennsylvania, USA
- A. Azim Islahi, Aligarh Muslim University, India
- S. Todd Lowry, Washington & Lee University, Virginia, USA
- Paul Oslington, University of New South Wales, Australia
- M. Nejatullah Siddiqi, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
5. References and further reading on economic thought in Islam: past and present
- Ahmed, Ehsan, ed., International Islamic Economics Seminar: Economic growth and human resource development in an Islamic perspective. Proceedings of the Fourth International Islamic Economics Seminar, (4th, 1992, Washington, D.C.). Herndon, Va., U.S.A.: Jointly published by the Association of Muslim Social Scientists and the International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1993.
- Ali, S. Nazim, "Information on Islamic Banking and Economics as Represented by Selected Databases". International journal of information management, vol. 13, No. 3:205 (June 1993).
- Ali, Syed Nazim, Information sources on Islamic banking and economics, 1980-1990. London; New York: Kegan Paul International; distributed by John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
- Ariff, Mohamed, ed. Islamic banking in Southeast Asia: Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ca. 1988.
- Ariff, Mohamed, ed., Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia: the Muslim private sector in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ca. 1991.
- Ariff, Mohamed, ed., The Islamic voluntary sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia. Pasir Panjang, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, ca. 1991.
- Baeck, Louis, "The economic thought of classical Islam. (Arab-Muslim Contributions to Political Economic Thought)". Diogenes, n ° 154 (Summer, 1991):99 (17 pages).
- Chapra, Muhammad Umer, Islam and economic development: a strategy for development with justice and stability. Islamabad, Pakistan: International Institute of Islamic Thought: Islamic Research Institute, 1993.
- Chapra, Muhammad Umer, Islam and the economic challenge. Leicester, U.K.: Islamic Foundation; Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, ca. 1992.
- Chaudhry, Muhammad Sharif, Taxation in Islam and modern taxes. 1st ed. Lahore: Impact Publication International, 1992.
- Choudhury, Masudul Alam, Contributions to Islamic economic theory: a study in social economics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.
- Choudhury, Masudul Alam, The principles of Islamic political economy: a methodological enquiry. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
- Essid, Yassine, A critique of the origins of Islamic economic thought. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1995.
- Fahim Khan, M., Essays in Islamic economics. Leicester, England: Islamic Foundation, ca. 1995.
- Gambling, Trevor, and Rifaat Ahmed Abdel Karim, Business and accounting ethics in Islam. London; New York: Mansell, 1991.
- Ghazali, Aidit and Syed Omar, eds., Readings in the concept and methodology of Islamic economics. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, ca. 1989.
- Ghazanfar, S.M., "Scholastic economics and Arab scholars: the "Great Gap" thesis reconsidered." Diogenese: International Review of Humane Sciences, Paris, no.154, April-June 1991.
- Ghazanfar, S.M.; Islahi, A. Azim, "Economic thought of an Arab scholastic: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali", History of Political Economy vol. 22 (Summer, 1990):381 (23 pages).
- Gran, Peter, Islamic Roots of Capitalism: Egypt 1760-1840. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.
- Gusau, Sule Ahmed, ed., Economic thoughts of seven great Muslim scholars. Sokoto, Nigeria: Printed and bound by Usmanu Danfodiyo University Printing Press, 1991.
- Hasanuz Zaman, Syed Muhammad, Economic functions of an Islamic state: the early experience. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1990.
- Houndmills, Jomo K.S., ed., Islamic economic alternatives: critical perspectives and new directions. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1992.
- Hosseini, Hamid S., "Contributions of Medieval Muslim Scholars to the History of Economics and their Impact: A Refutation of the Schumpeterian Great Gap". In: A Companion to the History of Economic Thought. Edited by Warren J. Samuels, Jeff E. Biddle and John B. Davis. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003.
- [International Conference], Industrialisation from an Islamic perspective: international conference proceedings. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia and Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Dept., 1993.
- [International Conference], International Conference on Islamic Economics (2nd: 1983: Islamabad, Pakistan): Distributive justice and need fulfilment in an Islamic economy. Edited by Munawar Iqbal. Islamabad: International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University; Leicester, U.K.: Islamic Foundation, ca. 1988.
- Iqbal, Zubair and Abbas Mirakhor, Islamic Banking. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1987.
- Iqbal, Zubair and Mohammed S. Amerah, Public Finance in Islam. Lahore: Readers Publishers, 1990.
- Iqbal, Munawar, and Wilson, Rodney, eds., Islamic Perspectives on Wealth Creation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
- Islahi, Abdul Azim, Economic concepts of Ibn Taimiyah. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, ca. 1988.
- Johansen, Baber, The Islamic law on land tax and rent: the peasants' loss of property rights as interpreted in the Hanafite legal literature of the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. London; New York: Croom Helm; New York: Methuen, ca. 1988.
- Jung, Mahomed Ullah ibn Sarbuland, The administration of justice in Islam; an introduction to the Muslim conception of the state. Introduction by Hamoodur Rahman. New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 1986.
- Kahf, Monzer, "The Islamic Economy: An Analytical Study of the Functioning of the Islamic Economic System", The Journal of Research in Islamic Economics, vol. 1, No. 2, 1984, pp. 83-85.
- Khan, Javed Ahmad, ed., Islamic economics and finance: a bibliography. London; New York: Mansell Publishing, 1995.
- Khan, Mehr Muhammad Nawaz, Islamic and other economic systems. Lahore: Islamic Book Service, 1989.
- Khan, Muhammad Akram, Glossary of Islamic economics. London; New York: Mansell, 1990.
- Khan, Muhammad Akram, An introduction to Islamic economics. Islamabad: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Institute of Islamic Studies, 1994.
- Kuran, Timur, "Islamic economics and the Islamic subeconomy". Journal of Economic Perspectives vol 9, (Fall 1995): 155 (19 pages).
- Kuran, Timur, "On the notion of economic justice in contemporary Islamic thought". International Journal of Middle East Studies vol. 21, n° 2 (May, 1989):171 (21 pages).
- Kuran, Timur, "The discontents of Islamic economic morality". American Economic Review v86, n2 (May, 1996):438 (5 pages).
- Maamiry [al-Maamiry], Ahmed Hamoud, Economics in Islam. New Delhi: Lancers Books, 1987.
- Mallat, Chibli, ed., Islamic law and finance. Introduction by W.M. Ballentyne. London; Boston: Graham & Trotman, ca. 1988.
- Mannan, Muhammad Abdul, Islamic economics: theory and practice. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987, ca. 1986.
- Manzoor, Nayyer, Islamic economics: a welfare approach. Karachi: Saad Publications, 1986.
- Masters, Bruce, "The 1850 events in Aleppo: an aftershock of Syria's incorporation into the capitalist world system". International Journal of Middle East Studies vol. 22, n1 (Feb, 1990):3 (18 pages).
- Meenai, Saeed Ahmed, The Islamic Development Bank: a case study of Islamic co-operation. Foreword by H.E. Mohammed Abalkhail. London; New York: K. Paul International; Distributed by Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, 1989.
- Mehmet, Ozay, Islamic identity and development: studies of the Islamic periphery. London; New York: Routledge, ca. 1990.
- Mehmet, Ozay, Islam and economic development: the challenge of modernity. Ottawa: Asian Pacific Research and Resource Centre, Carleton University, [1991].
- Mills, Paul, and Presley, John, "Islamic Finance: Theory and Practice", The Islamic Economic Studies vol. 1&2 (7), October 1999 and April 2000, pp. 137-139.
- Mirakhor, Abbas, "The Muslim Scholars and the History of Economics: A Need for Consideration", The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, December 1987, pp. 245-287.
- Naqvi, Safeer Reza, History of banking and Islamic laws. Karachi: Hayat Academy, 1993.
- Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider, Islam, economics, and society. London; New York: Kegan Paul International; Distributed by Routledge, ca. 1994.
- Naseef, Abdullah Omar, ed., Today's problems, tomorrow's solutions: the future structure of Muslim societies. London; New York: Mansell, 1988.
- Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, "Islamic economies: novel perspectives". Middle Eastern Studies vol. 25, (Oct. 1989), 15 pp.
- Naqvi, S.N.H., "Ethics and Economics - an Islamic Synthesis, The Muslim World Book Review, Autumn 1981, pp. 21-26.
- Nebelsick, Harold P., The Renaissance, The Reformation, and the Rise of Science. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992.
- Oslington, Paul, "Economic thought and religious thought: a comment on Ghazanfar and Islahi. (Response to S.M. Ghazanfar and A. Azim Islahi on History of Political Economy)", History of Political Economy vol. 27, (Winter, 1995):775 (6 pages).
- Presley, J.R.; Sessions, J.G., "Islamic Economics: The Emergence of a New Paradigm", The economic journal: the quarterly journal of the Royal Economic Society, vol. 104, No. 424 (May 1994): pp. 584-596.
- Sadeq, AbulHasan Muhammad et al., eds., Development and finance in Islam. Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia: International Islamic University Press, ca. 1991.
- Saeed, Javaid, Islam and modernization: a comparative analysis of Pakistan, Egypt, and Turkey. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1994.
- Saleh, Nabil A., with Ahmad Ajaj, Unlawful gain and legitimate profit in Islamic law: riba, gharar, and Islamic banking. London; Boston: Graham & Trotman, 1992, 2nd ed.
- Sattar al-Harran, Saad Abdul, Islamic finance: partnership financing. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, ca. 1993.
- Shaban, S.S.A., A classified bibliography on Islamic economics. Mashad, Iran: Islamic Research Foundation, 1989.
- Shad, 'Abdur Rahman, Zakat and 'ushr. Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1986.
- Sharif, M. Raihan, The concept of economic development in Islam. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Islamic Economics Research Bureau, 1986.
- Shirazi, Habib, ed., Islamic banking. London; Boston: Butterworths, 1990.
- Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah, Contemporary literature on Islamic economics: a select classified bibliography of works in English, Arabic, and Urdu up to 1975. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: International Centre for Research on Islamic Economics, King Abdul Aziz University; Leicester [Leicestershire]: Islamic Foundation, 1978.
- Soofi, Abdol, "Economics of Ibn Khaldun revisited", History of Political Economy vol. 27 (Summer, 1995):387 (18 pages).
- Tomass, M., Review of "Ghazanfar, ed., Medieval Islamic Economic Thought: Filling the "Great Gap" in European Economics", History Of Political Economy (The MIT Press), vol. 39, n° 1, 2007, pp. 180-183.


text: SWRT Subaru World Rally Team bonnet / rear trunk decal, 1 pc (one), approx. 21 1/2inch (L) x 4 1/4inch (H) - Standard Color: YELLOW - Decal does not have background - These decals are computer die-cut, highly detailed graphics which made by high quality vinyl material - They can last up to 5-7 years under any weather condition - The Decals are supplied complete with application tape, just peel and stick !! *Remarks: (1) Any special requirements other than our available options, email to us & ask !


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Friday 25 January
|Campanula (1)
The plants, often known as 'bluebell' in Scotland, is a delicate, beautiful wildflower (4). It is a member of the bluebell family; the name of the genus Campanula derives from the Latin for 'bell', and refers to the shape of the flowers (4). The blue, or rarely white, nodding flowers are papery thin (5), and occur either solitarily or in loose spikes (6). The stems are creeping at the base, with round leaves, hence the specific name rotundifolia, which means 'round-leaved' (4); in contrast, the leaves on the erect part of the stem are long and narrow (2).
This perennial species is one of the last flowers of the year (5); the flowers are present from June to October (6). It has thickened, branching, creeping storage stems known as 'rhizomes'; roots grow from the underside of the rhizome, and during the growing season new growth sprouts from buds along the top (5).
Found throughout Britain, but is scarce in southwest England (3). Outside of Britain it is known in north temperate areas, including North America and Eurasia, reaching as far north as 70°N (2).
The harebell is found in a very broad range of dry, open and fairly undisturbed habitats (5), such as grasslands, roadsides, fixed sand dunes, as well as railway and road verges (3). It also tolerates a range of soil pH, and can thrive in acid heaths and calcareous grassland (5).
Widespread (3).
This species is not threatened.
Not relevant.
For more information on British plants and their conservation see Plantlife- the wild plant conservation charity:
Visit the website of the Botanical Society of the British Isles at:
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Posts Tagged 'Big Picture in Sales Management'
Seeing the Big Picture in Sales Management
As a new sales boss, what does one consider to get your most crucial tasks along with responsibilities? While I ask this specific question throughout seminars along with workshops, almost all of the answers my spouse and I receive revolve all-around. It's not an undesirable answer, the other that probably will make your current owner as well as executive operations pretty satisfied, after most, so prolonged as your current staff can be moving solutions and cracking open accounts.
That is certainly mostly genuine, but this doesn't happen tell the full story. My spouse and I mention this specific now since, as we've worked with many companies across America, I've noticed a unique trend – that quite a few sales professionals have difficulties seeing your big photograph. That can be, they are generally doing aspects of their job adequately, but generally aren't choosing a long-term watch.
Now, before anyone rush off to see me precisely how impossible it can be to consider the long-term when you'll find new products to get down, new opponents springing up continuously, and your constant force of acquiring business, ok, I'll assure you I recognize. I'm certainly not saying that will getting prior these problems is ever before easy; what We are saying can be that if you possibly could keep a close look towards the longer term, that future could get simpler.
Let us explain: I look at sales managers to get two critical jobs. You are the short-term, day by day responsibilities that will probably spring in your thoughts at your opening on this article. Those people include instructing the income staff, instilling product or service knowledge, retaining the crew motivated, placing quotas, using the services of sales training companies, and such like. Failure to perform all of these will almost definitely mean staying replaced — or losing sight of business totally – very quickly.


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A new facility at the University of Illinois has been proposed that would complete the value-chain between research and commercial viability of advanced biofuels and chemicals.
The state's Capital Development Board has designated more than $20 million to build the Integrated Bioprocessing Research Laboratory (IBRL) in the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES) at Illinois. The new facility would be an outgrowth of the Center for BioEnergy Research (CABER).
The new facility would be built as flexible as possible to develop efficient strategies for the conversion of various feedstocks, says Hans Blaschek, director, CABER. "Even on the corn ethanol side, there are still opportunities to improve efficiencies—water use, for example," he notes. Scientists at the new facility also would focus on better ways to convert energy crops, such as Miscanthus and switchgrass, to liquid fuels and chemicals. Polylactic acid, butanol and other chemicals produced by fermentation are just a few examples.
Farmers have reaped the benefits of this kind of research, Blaschek says, pointing to how much higher crop values and land values are today than 30 years ago. "We're all about diversification and we feel strongly that we can produce both fuel and food efficiently."
CABER already has been working with the Illinois Department of Transportation on the feasibility of planting energy grasses along rights-of-way throughout the state. The new lab would study how to convert these grass materials for co-firing or biofuel production. There already is a plot of land being studied near Rantoul, IL. Even with last year's drought, blue stem grass grew relatively well, Blaschek notes.
Scientists at ACES also have been working with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory on the efficient production of butanol as a next generation liquid fuel.
ACES researchers have studied the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on pre-treatment of Miscanthus. They also have analyzed the influence of feedstock particle size on lignocellulose conversion, said Vijay Singh, professor, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, ACES. "In other words, how fine do we have to grind this material in order to maximize ethanol yields?"
In addition, ACES worked with the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research and the USDA to study the effects of mycotoxins on ethanol production. The effect of the fungus was only observed on the oil content in distillers dried grains with solubles, and was found to have no detrimental effect on ethanol.
Singh is working to develop industry relationships and provide connectivity between industry and other institutions interested in pilot-scale proof-of-concept activities. DuPont Industrial Biosciences and Novozymes have already joined as affiliate members, and Singh said in the last year, five multinational companies recently completed projects at the current facility.
Groundbreaking for the new facility is expected to take place this fall, with completion expected in 18 months.


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High Dynamic Range
"In image processing, computer graphics, and photography, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI or just HDR) is a set of techniques that allow a greater dynamic range of luminance between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standard digital imaging techniques or photographic methods. This wide dynamic range allows HDR images to more accurately represent the range of intensity levels found in real scenes, ranging from direct sunlight to faint starlight. " ~Wikipedia
These are my ventures into this wonderful imaging technique.


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Federal judge tosses 72 suits against MERS
An Arizona federal judge dismissed 72 lawsuits against Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems Inc., which tracks ownership and servicing rights of U.S. mortgages. U.S. District Judge James Teilborg, relying on a September appellate court decision, rejected the argument by plaintiffs in the consolidated litigation that naming MERS as a beneficiary on deeds of trust means they're unsecured and the properties can't be foreclosed. "This court does not find legal support for the proposition that the MERS system of securitization is so inherently defective so as to render every MERS deed of trust completely unenforceable and unassignable," Teilborg wrote in his order dismissing the claims. MERSCORP Inc., the parent company of MERS, hailed the ruling as a validation of its business model, which has survived attacks by plaintiffs lawyers in jurisdictions across the U.S., as dozens of states have ruled in the company's favor. "The court's dismissal of these 72 cases against MERS, including six class actions, is an extremely significant ruling and shows that claims being made against MERS and MERSCORP alleging fraud, or that security interests are unenforceable, or alleging that foreclosures are inappropriate due to MERS' presence as a party, are meritless," said MERSCORP in a statement. Valerie Edwards, co-lead plaintiffs' counsel, said plaintiffs plan to appeal. "We believe that the court's decision misinterprets the 9th Circuit's previous decision in the Cervantes case," said Edwards, a partner with Koeller, Nebeker, Carlson, Haluck, LLP in Phoenix, Ariz. She was referring to Cervantes v. Countrywide Home Loans, et al., a September ruling from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that found borrowers were not harmed by the use of MERS and couldn't show that its operations violated state law. Contrary to the plaintiffs' allegations, MERS' role as a beneficiary and its assignments of mortgages were proper, and MERS and its appointed trustees do have the power to foreclose, Judge Teilborg found. In addition, he ruled that the plaintiffs lacked standing to challenge the assignments. "[A]s specifically agreed to by the plaintiffs in their deeds of trust, MERS holds legal title to the secured interests and is the beneficiary or lien holder of record, as nominee or agent for plaintiffs' lenders and the lenders' 'successors and assigns,' " he wrote. In light of his decision that there was nothing improper about MERS' role as a beneficiary, Teilborg also ruled that shareholders or directors of MERS could not be held liable for aiding and abetting wrongful foreclosure. At the same time, he rejected a motion to certify a question from the case to the Nevada Supreme Court. "The court's detailed and reasoned opinion is a major decision for MERS," MERSCORP said. Write to Liz Enochs.


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Weight loss, and better yet quick weight loss is easier than you think. People ask me all the time - Can I really lose 30 pounds in ten weeks? Yes, you absolutely can. I lost 30 pounds in 10 weeks without dieting, pills, or hard work. I am going to show you how to get free and fast weight loss solutions. This can be achieved in 7 simple steps. These steps are essential to fast, healthy weight loss.
Step 1 - Eliminate Negative Beliefs
The first of my free and fast weight loss solutions is to eliminate negative beliefs about you, your worth, and your beauty. You will eliminate the reasons for your guilt and shame. I know that this sounds corny this is the most important step to losing weight fast and safely. I call it the beginning of My EFT Weight Loss Success Protocol.
weight loss recipes, weight loss for men, weight loss help,
At the root of our problems with food are problems with us and heavy doses of shame and guilt. This is true for most people, although everyone does not have their issues showing up on the outside as fat and extra weight for everyone to see.
Do not underestimate the importance of this step. We are not fat because we love food too much, have no willpower, or simply because we overeat. The answer to our issues is a simple, yet deep one. We overeat, love food too much, lack willpower, and are powerless in the face of our food addictions because of our emotions.
In this first free and fast weight loss solution you will neutralize these negative feelings with something other than food - which, if you didn't figure it out by now, is the way you've been neutralizing these feelings up until now.
There are many free and easy ways to do this. EFT is my personal favorite. But don't take my word for it. Google 'EFT and weight loss' and find out for yourself.
Your own belief is the most important thing. Without a strong belief you will most likely only attract and negative experience, despite the effectiveness of these 7 simple steps.
Step 2 - Beef Up Your Excitement
People have traditionally ignored the power of positive thinking. This is especially true when it comes to losing weight. Thankfully, movies like 'The Secret' and 'What The Bleep', and books like Wayne Dyer's Power of Intention have touted the uber-value of positive thinking, and we can easily apply their tenets to getting slim, making weight loss a lot more fun, exciting, and effective. You will absolutely achieve faster results with a positive mindset!
A great thing to do to get and keep a high level of motivation is to make a vision board. Get a bunch of magazines and cut out pictures of people, places, things, and words that put you in the feeling of being your goal weight right now. If you need to paste your face over some model's - go ahead and do it. Do not be ashamed. Do whatever feels good and makes your feel excited and hopeful.
Attach your photos and images to a piece of poster board and put it in a place where you will see it everyday. Look at it often and feel good.
Change your pictures as your goals change. Keep your motivation fresh and strong. Keep this up throughout your entire weight loss journey. Keep this up everyday.
Vision boards are not only one of the most fun, but also the most awesome of the free and fast weight loss solutions.
Add in Traditional Weight Loss Methods
Now that we have eliminated negative limiting beliefs and put some positive energy in its place, we can get more benefit than ever from traditional methods like diet and exercise.
Step 3 - Detox
I love to start out a weight loss initiative with a good detox. It's like spring cleaning for the body. I like gentle natural ones like a fruit juice fast, a fruit and vegetable detox, or even the Lemonade MasterCleanse.
The initial weight loss is a great boost for your motivation, and eliminating toxins helps you start with a clean slate. Another great part about a detox is that it is a gentle push to the body towards equilibrium, making it more likely that you will naturally shed pounds as your body re-balances itself.
Make sure to drink lots of water. You should drink half of your weight in ounces. If the thought of that makes you gag - then add a splash of lime or lemon juice to make your water tasty and delicious.
Step 4 - Weight Loss Plan
I am not a fan of diets, but you can get extra mileage from your plan by coupling your expanded energy with good old-fashioned diet and exercise.
When I lost my first 30 pounds, I did not diet at all - in fact I ate whatever I wanted. Using EFT to get rid of my negative thinking and emotional blocks, I no longer wanted to overeat like I used to, and I naturally started eating less. I believe that is very important not to deprive yourself.
However, should you choose a traditional diet - and many do - there are many great ones on the market. A fast and free weight loss solution here is the simple adage - just eat fewer calories then you burn off.
Now for exercise. Again, I did not exercise except for walks with my son. It doesn't matter the plan you choose, it should just make you feel great and give you a good workout that fits your personality. Whether it be kickboxing, or pole dancing, walking, running, step aerobics, dancing, or plain old working out in the gym - find an exercise program that works for you.
Step 5 - Tone and Sculpt
Adding toning and sculpting to your plan is like getting your car washed, detailed, and waxed. Your results will delight you. There are great exercises you can do at home like tricep dips, squats, and lunges.
Step 6 - Supplements
In a perfect world, we would get all of our nutrients from out perfectly balanced diets. However, this almost never happens. Most of us are lacking important nutrients from our daily requirements. But not to fear, we can still get what we need through some simple supplements. Start with a great multivitamin.
Step 7 - Energy Balancing
The last part of these free and fast weight loss solutions is to balance our energy system. Weight Loss happens naturally as the body is balanced, bringing the body back to normal, back to center. Energy balancing techniques like yoga, meditation, and tai chi are not only good for the mind, but are great for the body too.


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Telecentric lenses are the key component of accurate machine vision measurement systems. Unlike conventional lenses, optical magnification remains constant within the field of view and depth of field. This is especially important on the manufacturing floor, where part fixtures and camera triggers are seldom 100% repeatable.
This telecentric lens has been carefully designed for 35 mm (up to 36 mm x 24 mm) and large format linescan (up to 40.96 mm) camera sensors. The lens is telecentric on both ends, hence the term "bi-telecentric". With lenses only telecentric in object space, a small dot of light grows larger and becomes elliptical as it moves from the image sensor's center towards its edge. This bi-telecentric lens keeps the principal rays parallel not only when entering but also when exiting the lens. The result is greater image precision.
Compatible even with the largest format image sensors, this lens features extremely low distortion and high resolution.
The working distance (measured between the front of the lens and your object) should be kept within +/- 3% of the nominal value shown below for maximum resolution and minimum distortion. The f-number shown below is the "working" or "real" f-number of the lens when used as a macro.
Please contact us if you need a lens having a smaller aperture or a different mount.
|Lens Type:
|< 0.09 %
|Depth of Field:
|5.00 mm
|< 0.03 degrees
|Working Distance:
|198.0 mm
|Lens Mount:
|Image Circle:
|43.30 mm
|405.4 mm
For the sharpest image near the borders, keep the object within half the specified depth of field. The length is measured from the lens's front to its flange. Designed for 35 mm (36 mm x 24 mm) and large format linescan (up to 40.96 mm) camera sensors. Distortion is typically < 0.09%, and is guaranteed not to exceed 0.20%. Telecentricity is typically < 0.03%, and is guaranteed not to exceed 0.08%.
Learn about lenses in our Lens Tech Center.
Contact us for compatable filters.


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At home, Cara encourages Tad to read Dixie's diary. He opens to a page where Dixie, as a young girl, talks about wanting to marry a boy who makes her laugh every day. She also wanted to have both a girl and a boy. Cara thinks Dixie got her wish, but Tad points out she never knew Kathy. Tad puts down the diary and say he needs to get out of the house. Cara asks if he wants company. He says, "You bet I do."
There In A Heartbeat.
Maria offers her support, Greenlee works David and Tad confides in Cara.
In the park, Tad admits he will always miss Dixie, but he thought he got to the point where the memories weren't painful. He explains how he turned out okay because of Dixie and fills Cara in on some of his caddish past. Tad realizes he hasn't made peace with her death, but thinks now is the time. Cara wants to help him move on, like he did for her. Tad responds that he needs her and asks her to be there when he says goodbye.
Amanda meets JR in the park and tells him she might have cancer. JR tells her he's there for her. Amanda responds if she does have cancer he is the last person she would lean on. He understands, but he can relate because he survived cancer. She doesn't want to hear his stories and tells him despite Jake being okay about their tryst, she's quitting her job. JR is glad someone's relationship is going well. He tells her about Marissa being a lesbian and takes a drink. Amanda expresses some concern, but JR assures her he's tough and he'll be okay. JR comes on to her, but she pushes him away.
After Asher runs out of pills, he goes to the hospital to get a refill from Frankie. Frankie refuses because he thinks he's abusing them. Asher gets upset, as Caleb walks up. Frankie offers to give Asher some names regarding addiction. Asher gets defensive and walks away. Caleb stops him and says he will be his father in all this and orders Asher to come with him.
Asher and Caleb walk into the mansion and find JR drinking. Caleb wants to take Asher home with him. After JR becomes more belligerent, Asher leaves with his father. JR grabs his keys and a bottle of booze.
Greenlee is startled awake after having a dream about David at home. She tells Ryan she thinks she's remembering something from when David saved her from the accident. She recalls seeing the Orpheus logo on her I.V. drip as well as someone else on a gurney. She doesn't quite know if it was a dream or if it really happened though. She wants to work David to figure it out. Ryan says they have to find a way to manipulate David just right.
Griffin calls Maria from the hospital about David and Project Orpheus. At first, she says she doesn't know anything about it, but then she recalls something. She tells Griffin how when she went on the run fearing she killed someone, David gave her a credit card registered to Orpheus. She tells him if David is hurting someone else and Griffin needs help stopping him, she will be there in a heartbeat.
Griffin heads into David's office for answers on Orpheus. He accuses David of lying to him and demands the truth. David gets upset and warns him if he wants to stay onboard he needs to back off and stop asking questions. If he doesn't, David will cut him loose. After Griffin leaves, Greenlee enters demanding her medical records because she's experiencing numbness in her leg and she needs her new doctor to look at her history. David grows concerned and wants to examine her, but Greenlee says he won't ever get that close to her again. As they argue about her medical records, Greenlee fakes a pain in her leg. David declares no other doctor can help her. Greenlee agrees to let him examine her.
Ryan finds Griffin at Krystal's and asks if Greenlee was part of Project Orpheus. Griffin tells him there's no way of knowing, but Ryan wonders about the other patient. Griffin is taken aback, but says it sounds like a dream. Across the restaurant, Amanda confides in Opal that she might have cancer. Opal urges Amanda to let her family love and take care of her.
Griffin returns to David's office demanding to know if Project Orpheus is pure research or has he been experimenting on humans?
Tomorrow's Pine Valley spoilers for All My Children:
Jane is hurt by David's words.
Cara fills Ryan in on David and Griffin's past.
Kendall feels Griffin is putting a wall between them.
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The smiling pre-wedding faces of Prince William and Kate Middleton will be staring out from the Vanity Fair cover on newsstands this week.
The never-before-seen photo was shot last November by Mario Testino during the shooting of the official engagement photo.
The inside of the magazine's July issue features other photographs of Prince Charles, Prince Harry and Diana, Princess of Wales, all done by by Peruvian photographer. It's the the first time William has been on the Vanity Fair cover. Witness the cover from September 2003 (right).
The Daily Mail reports that the Vanity Fair article will cover everything from who does the chores around their home in Wales to requests for Philadelphia cream cheese and Brussel sprouts in their honeymoon suite.
It will also tell the story of Kate's father, Michael, realizing the pair were in a serious relationship when Prince William arrived at the Middleton home in Bucklebury by helicopter.
A palace aide told Vanity Fair that on the wedding day, the couple watched the wedding on video as they lounged in terrycloth robes between engagements. "It was just the two of them, and they were so excited to actually see it on the television," the aide told the article's author, Katie Nicholl. "Harry joined them afterwards, and they were all in high spirits."
Speaking about the engagement photo session, Testino said the couple had exuded "sheer happiness."
"They are a young couple in love."
Testino, who has also been pegged to be the wedding photographer for supermodel Kate Moss next month, has a history with the royals, having photographed Princess Diana.
He figures he knows why he was chosen for the royal couple's engagement photos: "I guess it was a way for them to keep William's mother in the whole process of it."
Pippa in Paris
The Duchess of Cambridge's sister, Pippa, draws attention whenever she steps out her front door these days.
This week she has been gracing the grandstand at the French Open tennis championships in Paris, fresh from a vacation in Madrid.
Pippa Middleton watches the match between Maria Sharapova of Russia and Agnieszka Radwanska of Poland on Monday, equipped with oversized Gucci glasses. (Reuters)


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Managing Editor
Schouten is an Indianapolis native and Indiana University graduate who joined IBJ in 2006 after stints at the Sarasota Herald-Tribune and the Arizona Republic. He covered the real estate beat for most of those years, and launched the Property Lines blog, before taking over as managing editor in March 2013.
Schouten has been honored for investigative and enterprise reporting by the Society of American Business Editors and Writers, the Alliance of Area Business Publications and the Society of Professional Journalists in Indianapolis. During his tenure as moderator of Property Lines, the blog was recognized twice as the best among business journals by the AAPB.
Schouten serves as secretary of the board of governors of the Society of American Business Editors and Writers, and is set to serve as the organization's president in 2016. He is treasurer of the Indianapolis Press Club Foundation, and a board member of the Indianapolis Public Schools Education Foundation.
He lives in Butler Tarkington with his wife and two rescue dogs.
(317) 472-5370
IBJ and our partners use technology such as cookies on our site to personalize content, provide social media features, and analyze our traffic. By continuing to use our site, you accept our use of cookies, revised Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.


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Call anywhere on your cell phone for $5 with Asterisk
I was searching for some PHP info when I came across this cool article. It describes how one could use asterisk@home with your cell phone and call anywhere in US for $5 a month. If you shudder when you have to pay your long distance cell phone bills, and if you have some ingenuity, you could save a bundle.
Article is very informative and is rather long. But it certainly is interesting read if you are interested in VOIP- IP telephony.
Have a good read at Nerd Vittles.....


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The Evil Mad Scientist is fed up with the Looney Tunes and plans to get rid of them once and for all. Using his homemade time machine and giant ACME eraser, he will travel through time and erase the Looney Tunes and their ancestors from existance. Little does he know though that the Looney Tunes have built their own time machine, and will fight the Evil Mad Scientist to save themselves from dissapearing.


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HILLSDALE � A long-standing business in Hillsdale is closing after 14 years of motivating women to exercise for better health.
�It�s bittersweet,� Curves of Hillsdale owner Mary Turner said of the June 21 closing, noting she loves her members and hates to disappoint them, but the time has arrived.
As a former owner of a travel agency, the decision is actually a second retirement.
�My husband, Bill, has chemotherapy every six months and I want to enjoy more time together,� she said. �He�s been a big help and support to me with the business.�
Turner prides herself on community involvement, noting the business has held a food drive yearly for Domestic Harmony.
The franchise opened on June 21, 1999, under its first owner, Kathie Ward, and was the third to open in Michigan. Now, there are more than a dozen within the zip code area around Michigan, Indiana and Ohio.
Turner sold her travel agency corporation in 2000 and began working for Ward at Curves the following year. She decided to buy the franchise in 2009 and has owned it�4-and-a-half years, enjoying steady growth throughout.
�I just chose not to renew for another five years,� Turner said.
Admitting that she�s agonized over it for months, Turner wants the emphasis to remain on accomplishments made, and members wish for the same.
�We�re glad she kept it going for another four-and-a-half years,� long-time member Kathleen Swanson said.
For Swanson, the regular exercise program involving 30 minutes, three times a week, has helped her stay off medication for her osteoporosis condition, noting all she needs is her vitamin D and regular exercise.
�I will continue with strength training because it�s very important for women in general,� Swanson said. �My mother had osteoporosis and was doubled over with it�� I don�t want to end up that way.�
She said the advantage of working out at Curves is that it covers all major muscle groups that include components of a complete exercise program: warm-up, strength training, cardio, cool down and stretching.
To stay on track, she and member Teresa Keck have organized a walking club for interested members, and Keck teaches Zumba in Jonesville.
But saying goodbye to a place that has been a big part of their lives is not easy, said Phyllis Sawyer, who remembers the first day Curves opened.
�It was a mad house with all of us going around working on the equipment,� she said. �I went around more that the two-and-a-half times showing people how to use the equipment.�
Sawyer, 85, said Curves has helped her stay young while fostering close friendships.
�I�m probably the oldest one here and being around all the younger women has helped,� she said. �All ages do it.�
Sawyer liked having no mirrors, no TVs, but plenty of good conversation. She will miss the people, the fun and the laughter.
�This has been such a different place�� members are very nice,� Sawyer said. �It is a place of information, because we�ve had caterers, interior designers, lawyers, doctors, real-estate agents�� all kinds of people in all different occupations.�
While a member, Sawyer lost a daughter and�a husband and went through all kinds of life happenings with the help of friends at Curves. She not only went there for exercise, she enjoyed working there, still helping others and still on staff.
Member Susan Brown recently returned to Curves last October after she was a member six years ago. She will also miss the camaraderie and having a place where only women work out.
�I�ve never worked out with men, so I wouldn�t feel comfortable somewhere else,� Brown said. �Curves has a nice group of ladies.�
On Friday, the last day for Curves to be open, members will come together for one last round of the circuit�� a place that grew from one to three units as equipment increased.
�It will leave a big hole,� Turner said of the business. �We�ve had a lot of fun here.�
Curves to close in Hillsdale


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DCIS diagnosis and treatment
Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
My mother is 71 years old, and has a ductal carcinoma in situ. The doctors scheduled her for a sentinel node biopsy, and informed us that regardless of the outcome, she would have to have radiation therapy, because of the involvement of the lymph nodes. My questions are, is sentinel node biopsy useful after having had the lumpectomy? Should it be performed at the same time? And why is radiation therapy mandatory?
Thank you.
Lawrence J. Solin, MD, FACR, Professor of Radiation Oncology at the University of Pennsylvania, responds:
There are a number of different issues that have been raised. First, the issue of whether or not a sentinel lymph node biopsy need to be performed should be discussed with the patient's doctors. In general, a sentinel lymph node biopsy is not routinely done for pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but there are some exceptions. Second, a sentinel lymph node biopsy can be done at the same time as a lumpectomy, or can be done afterwards. Both approaches should provide the right information, and some surgeons prefer one approach or the other. Third, radiation treatment is often given after lumpectomy for DCIS. Randomized trials have shown that the use of radiation after lumpectomy reduces the chance that the tumor will recur in the breast. Finally, one of the important questions that needs to be discussed is whether or not the patient is a candidate for adjuvant tamoxifen. Usually, a medical oncologist can make this recommendation. Finally, there are some clinical trials available for patients with DCIS, and these can be discussed with the patient's doctors.


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American Grill & Hearth Heatilator Deals
Sign up to get your personalized coupon for $100 off a Heatilator fireplace, stove or insert. Offer expires 2/5/2017.
Online Coupon Offer Details: To qualify complete online form with your name, email address, phone number and submit. Information submitted will be available to Heatilator dealers. This coupon can be redeemed at any authorized Heatilator dealer in the US and Canada before the expiration date. This coupon is valid once and cannot be combined with other coupons or promotional offers. Offer not applicable to SimpliFire Electric Fireplaces, Heatilator EcoChoice products, Gas Log Sets or Accessories. For purchase only; not valid on service. Authorized dealers are required to honor manufacturer's coupon. Coupon must be presented to dealer at time of original quote. Coupon may not apply if presented after original quote has been generated.
Additional Rules Governing Use of this Coupon: This coupon is valid for consumer sales only, no builder or contractor sales. (i) not redeemable for cash or cash equivalents (including Gift Cards and online Gift Certificates); (ii) not valid on past purchases; (iii) not eligible for purchases of previously owned or refurnished products; (iv) not valid on purchases made from third parties; (v) not valid if presented after time of original quote. Online coupon only valid if printed by consumer, not valid if printed in dealership. This offer is subject to change or discontinuation without notice. Void where prohibited by law. Heatilator is a registered brand of Hearth & Home Technologies Inc. ©2014
Campaign: Online Coupon - $100


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ESA's Branches are designated on the basis of geographical contiguity for the purpose of holding meetings, providing an opportunity for presentation of papers, and stimulating interest in entomology.
ESA members automatically become members of geographical Branches based on the mailing address they provide when they join the Society. Each Branch has elected officers. An annual meeting is held in each Branch so that members benefit from interacting with others in a specific region and sharing scientific information on topics of interest to that region. Members may change their automatically assigned default branch by contacting ESA. And they may join multiple Branches for a small fee.
To view Branch officer rosters, Branch meetings, and other information, please select from the following links. You may also click here to view the details of all Branch meetings that are currently available.
Eastern Branch
In the United States: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
In Canada: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario (east of 80° longitude), Prince Edward Island, Quebec
International Branch
Membership in the International Branch is for ESA members who reside outside of the following areas: United States, Canada, Mexico, American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Johnston Atoll, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Midway Islands, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and Wake Island.
North Central Branch
In the United States: Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
In Canada: Manitoba, Nunavut, Ontario (west of 80° longitude)
Pacific Branch
In the United States: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming
U.S. Territories: American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Johnston Atoll, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Midway Islands, Wake Island
In Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Yukon
In Mexico: Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora
Southeastern Branch
In the United States: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
U.S. Territories: Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands
Southwestern Branch
In the United States: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
In Mexico: All locations, except Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora


text:
- Telephone:
- 0161 9375584
Key factsPrint summary
FULL SERVICE RECORD, MOT 12TH MAY 2020 AND JUST SERVICED...READY TO DRIVE AWAY...BEAUTIFUL CONDITION BOTH INSIDE AND OUT, CLIMATE CONTROL, BLUETOOTH, REAR PARKING SENSORS, AUTO LIGHTS/WIPERS, MULTI FUNCTION LEATHER STEERING WHEEL, CRUISE CONTROL, NON SMOKER, 2014 MODEL 170 BHP ENGINE ( FIRST REGISTERED OCTOBER 2013 ) BEST VALUE LOW MILEAGE PETROL M-SPORT AVAILABLE NATIONWIDE AND IN SUPERB ORDER !! , MINERAL GREY, 4 owners, £8,790
This car comes with
18in Light Alloy Wheels M Star -Spoke Style 386M with Mixed Tyres and Wheel Bolts, Locking, Air Conditioning, Automatic with Two - Zone Control, Alarm System (Thatcham Category 1), Auto Start - Stop, BMW Professional Radio with Single CD Player (with MP3 Playback Capability), Bluetooth Hands Free Facility/USB Audio Interface, Comfort Go Keyless Engine Start, DAB Digital Radio, Electric Windows - Front and Rear with Open/Close Fingertip Control, Anti-Trap Facility and Comfort Closing, Heat Protection Glazing with Green - Tint, Hillstart Assist, On - Board Computer (OBC), Tyre Puncture Warning System (TPWS), Upholstery - Hexagon Cloth/Alcantara , Anthracite
- 201905238260254
- 2014
- 63
- £8,790
- 879
- 52,000
- Cars
- g9DhQs8ugpI=
Vehicle summary
|Body style
|Engine size
|1598 cc
|Fuel type
|Number of doors
|Number of seats
|Gearbox type
|CO2 emissions
|137 g/km
|Insurance group
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (miles)
|No details available
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (years)
|3 years
|Standard paintwork guarantee
|3 years
Performance & economy
|Fuel consumption (urban)
|36.7 mpg
|Fuel consumption (extra urban)
|58.9 mpg
|Fuel consumption (combined)
|47.9 mpg
|0 - 60 mph
|7.4 seconds
|Top speed
|140 mph
|Engine power
|170 bhp
|Engine torque
|184.40 lbs/ft
|1421 mm
|Height inclusive of roof rails
|No details available
|4324 mm
|2690 mm
|1984 mm
|Width including mirrors
|No details available
|Fuel tank capacity
|52 litres
|Minimum kerb weight
|1305 kg
|Interior features
|Exterior features
|Outside Temperature Display with Acoustic Ice Warming (at +3deg C)
|Rear Wash/Wipe
|Interior Trim, Aluminium Hexagon
|18in Light Alloy Wheels M Star -Spoke Style 386M with Mixed Tyres and Wheel Bolts, Locking
|Interior Trim, Satin Silver
|Non-Metallic Paintwork
|Interior Trim Finishers - Estoril Blue, Matt
|Auto Start - Stop
|12V Power Socket in Front Centre Console and Passenger Footwell
|High-Gloss Shadowline
|On - Board Computer (OBC)
|Run Flat Tyres
|60:40 Split Folding Rear Seat
|Body Colour Bumpers
|Standard Seat for Driver and Passenger with Manual Adjustment
|Exterior Mirrors - Aspheric, Electric Adjustment
|Heated Rear Windscreen
|Six Speaker, 4x25W Loudspeaker System
|Comfort Go Keyless Engine Start
|Electric Windows - Front and Rear with Open/Close Fingertip Control, Anti-Trap Facility and Comfort Closing
|Handbrake Lever and Gear Lever Knob in Leather
|BMW Professional Radio with Single CD Player (with MP3 Playback Capability)
|Sport Seats Front
|6.5in Monitor with 800x480 - Pixel Resolution
|Multi-Function Controls for Steering Wheel
|Centre Console
|Upholstery - Hexagon Cloth/Alcantara , Anthracite
|Floor Mats in Velour
|Air Conditioning, Automatic with Two - Zone Control
|Cupholders, Two
|Armrest Front Sliding
|M Sport Steering Wheel
|Steering - Wheel Column Adjustment, Manual
|Leather Steering Wheel
|Headlining Anthracite
|Bluetooth Hands Free Facility/USB Audio Interface
|DAB Digital Radio
|Heat Protection Glazing with Green - Tint
|Drivers Airbag
|Dynamic Traction Control (DTC)
|Electric Power Steering (EPS)
|Daytime Driving Lights
|Dynamic Stability Control (DSC+) Comprising - Automatic Stability Control (ASC), Cornering Brake Control (CBC)
|Front Passenger Airbag with Deactivation
|High Level Third Brake Light
|Alarm System (Thatcham Category 1)
|Child Seat ISOFIX Attachment, for the Two Outer Rear Seats
|Anti - Lock Braking System (ABS) Including Brake Assist
|Engine Immobiliser (EWS IV)
|Front and Rear Head Restraints
|Tyre Puncture Warning System (TPWS)
|Central Door Locking - Remote Control
|Centre Rear Seat Belt
|Hillstart Assist
|Pyrotechnic Belt Tensioners and Belt Force Limiters - Front
|Side Front (Seat - Integrated) - Head, Front and Rear - Curtain Head Protection System
|Electronic Differential Lock
|Foglights Front
|BMW Mobility Tyre Sealing System
Please note
This includes MPG figures which are calculated under European Standards, in test conditions, and will vary under normal driving conditions. The information displayed above describes the typical specification of the most recent model of this vehicle. It is not the exact specification for the actual vehicle being offered for sale which may vary. Specifications for older models may also vary. Please contact us prior to purchase to confirm the exact specification of this vehicle.
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