text:
Did you read today's front page stories & breaking news?
From the Wires
The Besen Group Announces 4G MVNO Key Success Factors
By: Marketwired .
Jan. 7, 2013 07:11 AM
WASHINGTON, DC -- (Marketwire) -- 01/07/13 -- CES 2013 -- The Besen Group, an international mobile data industry management consulting practice headquartered in the Washington DC area, with representatives in Paris and Tokyo, announced today 4G MVNO key success factors.
"We recommend 4G MVNOs to perform a detailed market entry evaluation and develop a bottoms-up business case based on their licensed and unlicensed spectrum requirements prior to sign wholesale and managed services contracts," said Alex Besen, Founder and CEO of The Besen Group LLC. "This is not an easy task as it requires 4G MVNOs to have a solid understanding of the US mobile broadband eco-system, spectrum holdings and spectrum propagation characteristics of each wholesale mobile network operator."
The Besen Group considers Amazon, Apple, Earthlink, Facebook, FreedomPop, Google, Go Daddy, Jolt Mobile, Kajeet, Karma, Leap Wireless, Microsoft, Republic Wireless, Starbucks, Ting, and XO Communications as current and potential 4G MVNOs in the US.
According to The Besen Group, 4G MVNO key success factors are:
The Besen Group offers the following services to 4G MVNOs:
About The Besen Group (www.thebesengroup.com)
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· Artikelansicht
The album is everything that you would expect of The Birthday Massacre, and so much more. As the band gets further along on its artistic journey, they are putting a fine point on all of the unique qualities that we have all come to expect from The Birthday Massacre. The band has progressed and matured, developing its musical style into a finely honed signature sound. Superstition is elements of band's entire career up until this point, from the sounds of 'Nothing And Nowhere', 'Violet', all the way through to 'Hide And Seek' fully realized. The album feels cinematic in approach, with the first trio of songs, 'Divide', 'Diaries' and the title track seeming to set the thematic scene before 'Destroyer', with it's driving rhythms burns it all down. In the wake of all of this, 'Surrender' gives the listener a brief moment of quiet, just breaths in the silence, before launching into perhaps one of the album's most personal sounding, intimate tracks. Chibi's vocals have always been an instrument integral to the sound of The Birthday Massacre, but never has it been more apparent than in 'Surrender'. As she seems to invite you further into their world the bouncing, uptempo, 'Oceana' and the dramatic 'Rain' highlight all the elements of what make The Birthday Massacre such a unique band. Rainbow and Falcore's songwriting are in top form, as the duo uses the band's signature elements to masterfully create emotional gravity within the songs. This is especially evident in 'Beyond', as the heavy guitar work and solos interplay with the lighter atmospherics of the keyboards and electronic elements, as well as in 'The Other Side', as the bass guitar and crunching drop-tuned guitars shine. All in all, 'Superstition' is the finest album The Birthday Massacre has recorded to date.
01. Divide, 02. Diaries, 03. Superstition, 04. Destroyer, 05. Surrender, 06. Oceania, 07. Rain, 08. Beyond, 09. The Other Side, 10. Trinity

subset: commoncrawl


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I wrote this blog post after having a conversation on IRC with someone (snippet below)
* sabhain wants to be laga in his next life and restore the diskless stuff to its awesomeness of 10.04
<tgm4883> sabhain, then the first step, would be joining #ubuntu-mythtv-dev
<sabhain> tgm4883, lol then step 0 would be to have time and learn programming beyond F90
<tgm4883> sabhain, possibly. I didn't know python though before I started helping out
Back in late 2006, I was what I like to think the average "computer guy". Whether they are purchasing a new computer or having computer issues friends and family all came to me with their questions. I knew a fair amount about the latest video cards, processors, RAM, and hard drives. I knew the best places to buy these things online, and I had built my previous two desktops. I had been exposed to Linux a few times previously, but hadn't really used it as a long term solution. I had been hopping back and forth between Windows XP and Fedora Core (4 - 6). This all changed at the beginning 2007.
At the end of 2006, I was finally fed up with the reformat and reinstall everything loop that is the maintenance cycle of Windows (although I had customized my install disk, so it was pretty quick). I made the decision to try and use Linux as a full time solution. Now I don't recall the reason I left Fedora (I have a vague recollection it was some issue I had with Yum), but I installed Ubuntu 6.10 in early 2007 on my Dell Inspiron 5100. I chose Ubuntu probably because of a Google search, but possibly also DistroWatch (previously, I had installed and tested Redhat 9, Mandrake, and SuSe). As I recall, it was also the first distro that didn't make my fan run at full speed 100% of the time. As I could now run Ubuntu on my laptop and not have it sound like a jet engine (and the battery ran considerably longer too), I was free to see what else I could do with Linux.
I had an old TV Tuner card laying around, so I looked into what software was available to make a DVR. This led me to MythTV and the #ubuntu-mythtv channel on IRC. This was around April 2007 and pre-Mythbuntu. As this was pre-Mythbuntu, MythTV was still a pain to setup. On top of that I was recording from a cable box, so I was recording over firewire (since my tuner was a crappy software encoder). I received a lot of help from someone who went by the handle majoridiot. As most of this was knowledge people had from installing it, I decided I was going to help out where I could. At this point, I didn't know any programming languages. I was a senior in college getting a BS in Information Systems, but we were required to take 2 Java programming classes, and the only thing I remembered was that I could define how to draw a circle and then just call drawCircle() whenever I needed it (oop ftw).
I started helping with documentation as it seemed the easy thing to do. Since Mythbuntu was just starting up there was much stuff to do, so I helped where I could. If the website needed updating I helped update it. Something needed tested, I installed it in a VM and tested it. Website needed completely rebuilt from Google cache because the host that Mythbuntu used went down and our contact would completely ignore every attempt we had to contact them (yes that actually happened in the early days. No I will not name who it was), lets get to rebuilding it. Eventually it came that there were things missing that would need to be developed. As most of the other developers knew Python, it seemed like a good thing to learn. So I started learning Python and making my first program. Where did I learn how to program in Python? From http://docs.python.org/ and superm1, the lead Mythbuntu developer.
So now I'm one of the main Mythbuntu developers and have been for some time. I've gotten both of my post-college jobs, been sponsored to go to UDS (2x), and am now working on the MythTV integration for Ubuntu TV, all because of my involvement with Mythbuntu. I point this out not as a "look at how awesome I am" but a "look what you can do just by investing your time in something you like".
If you want to help out in a project you love (whether it is Mythbuntu, MythTV, or anything else), we really do mean it when we say "No programming experience necessary". There are many different areas to help in, so come and talk to us and we can find a good fit for you. Everyone has to start somewhere, and the time spent can help you in other areas of your life/career.
TL:DR - You don't need programming experience if you want to help create something awesome. You can help in non-programming ways or learn it on the way. Come talk to us in #ubuntu-mythtv-dev and we'll help find you something to do.
I'd also like to thank superm1, daviey, rhpot1991, mrandr, majoridiot, foxbuntu, davemorris, and anyone else that has helped me along the way. I wouldn't be where I am now without the help from these people.
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Treasury pick hits Caymans snag
An investment Jack Lew made in the Cayman Islands has been flagged as an issue in the Treasury secretary nominee's vetting by the Senate Finance Committee, according to multiple sources close to the confirmation process.
The White House says the investment was previously disclosed and is already a public matter.
Story Continued Below
( PHOTOS: Jack Lew's career, life)
Republican staff "have told us that there are concerns," said Sean Neary, a spokesman for Finance Committee Democrats. "This came out through the vetting process in prior confirmations. Once it was looked into deeper, it was determined that it was not an issue. Lew has been completely transparent and forthcoming through any and all questions that have been posed."
Lew is scheduled to appear at a confirmation hearing before the committee on Feb. 13.
"That Mr. Lew had an investment in the Caymans from 2007 through 2010 will likely draw questions during his nomination hearing," said Antonia Ferrier, a spokeswoman for Finance Committee Republicans.
Lew has been confirmed by the Senate three times in the past — twice by unanimous consent. He was confirmed as director of the Office of Management and Budget under both Bill Clinton and Barack Obama and as deputy secretary of State under Obama.
Republicans have been critical of Lew since his nomination was announced last month. Sens. Jeff Sessions and Orrin Hatch have questioned his role in Medicare policy decisions and his role at Citigroup.
( PHOTOS: Obama's second-term Cabinet)
"He's got to still answer some questions or we may have to postpone the hearing," Hatch told POLITICO on Thursday. "Right now, I've agreed to the hearing date but it is subject to having answers to the questions that were raised. They aren't difficult to answer, they can answer them."
Sources said Republicans have not given any indication that they plan to use the information to stall the upcoming hearing or to block the nomination completely.
Committee members will have the chance to question Lew directly at the hearing next week.
"[They] have every right to bring these issues up, that is why we have the committee hearing," Neary said. "No one is being stopped from asking any questions at these hearings."
The flagged investment is a Citigroup employee investment fund called Citigroup Venture Capital International Growth Partnership II. Securities and Exchange Commission files list the address for CVCI as "South Church Street, Ugland House, Georgetown, Grand Cayman, Cayman Island."


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Pilot: Control tower, what time is it?
Control tower: What airline is this?
Pilot: What difference does that make?
Control tower: Well if it is UA, it is 6:00p.m.; if it is TWA, it is 1800 hours; if it is Ozark, the big hand is on the…..."
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By Tracey Primrose
June 19, 2014 — Jesuit Father Michael Rozier, who was ordained to the priesthood on Saturday, June 14, is a small town boy with a big horizon. He hails from Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, a farming community of 4,000 residents, a place the Roziers have called home since 1810. His ancestor, Ferdinand Rozier, laid down roots here, opening a general store in Ste. Genevieve with business partner John James Audubon. When Audubon, who later earned fame as a great ornithologist, naturalist and artist, flew the coop early on, the Roziers stayed. They operated the family business for the next two centuries, with young Michael and his siblings lending a hand, sweeping and mopping the aisles and unloading deliveries after school and on weekends.
Ste. Genevieve is a picturesque place that boasts the nation's largest collection of intact French colonial architecture, but for Fr. Rozier the heart and soul of his small town is the parish where he grew up, also named for the patron saint of Paris. Here, he attended Catholic school from kindergarten through twelfth grade and began to experience an early call to the priesthood.
"Our church sits at the center of the town square and seats 960 people," Fr. Rozier says. "It's amazing that in such a small town, the Catholic Church not only survives but thrives. Our parish was literally and figuratively the center of my life and the town's activity."
Traveling an hour from home to attend college at Saint Louis University, Fr. Rozier, who hoped to become a doctor, pursued pre-med studies while working in campus ministry, serving in student government and playing the French horn in the school's pep band. It was a busy and happy time and, importantly, a period in his life that helped confirm his vocation because Fr. Rozier came to know the Jesuits, and that changed everything.
Recalling that moment 11 years ago when he decided to enter the Jesuits, Fr. Rozier says, "I really fell in love with the life. I spent very little time daydreaming about being a physician, and I spent a lot of time daydreaming about my life as a Jesuit."
After two years at the Jesuit novitiate, Fr. Rozier was assigned to Regis College at the University of Toronto, where he earned an advanced philosophy degree and spent a summer in El Salvador learning Spanish and working with the poor.
When it was time to consider the next step in formation, Fr. Rozier was encouraged to "dream big dreams," which led the former pre-med student to consider his growing interest in public health. Excited about the prospect of helping people lead fuller lives on a massive scale, Fr. Rozier headed to Baltimore's Johns Hopkins University to pursue a master's degree. "What I love about public health is that at its best, it makes the healthy option the easiest option to choose."
His next assignment was a fellowship at the World Health Organization in Geneva, where he met and befriended public health workers from around the globe. Fr. Rozier recalls that his new friends, many of them disaffected Catholics, were anxious to talk about faith. "The conversations I had about faith when we were all there essentially for a very secular objective were astounding. I am very confident that the work of God is being done by these people."
After his time in Geneva, Fr. Rozier returned to his alma mater, Saint Louis University, to teach global health and public health ethics. The longtime student was back in the classroom, but this time, he was at the front of the lecture hall, inspiring a whole new crop of public health workers. He says, "Public health and Jesuit education go hand in hand. In both, we ask critical questions and put forth creative solutions. What I love most about public health is that it's one of those fields where young people can make a huge difference right away."
Fr. Rozier teaching at Saint Louis University during his Jesuit formation. Photo courtesy of Saint Louis University.
When he arrived at Saint Louis University, the school only offered graduate degrees in public health, but Fr. Rozier leapt at the chance to help develop an undergraduate program, which meant designing the curriculum and recruiting students. Three short years later, when he moved on for theology studies in Boston, there were upwards of 200 undergrads enrolled in the school.
At the Boston College School of Theology and Ministry, Fr. Rozier earned a Licentiate in Sacred Theology and a Master of Divinity degree while serving as a deacon at a local church. His 11-year path to the priesthood included assignments near home and across the globe, but as he contemplated his ordination, there was only one place on his mind: Ste. Genevieve. The church and the town.
"For years, parishioners I don't even know have come up to me and told me they're praying for me and are excited about my ordination and how they can't wait for me to come back and celebrate my first Mass. It is truly a humbling experience every time I go home," says Fr. Rozier. "Growing up in a small town was in some ways challenging, but in most ways, it was incredibly supportive. Everyone knows your business, but it also means that people are there to celebrate with you."
Fr. Rozier surrounded by family after his ordination. Photo by Thomas Rochford, SJ.
As he heads off to his next assignment, doctoral studies at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Fr. Rozier says that he "can't imagine being happier than I am today. If there's one thing I've learned over the last 11 years, what I imagined doing pales in comparison to what I'm asked to do."
Fr. Rozier celebrating his first Mass.
Meet the other Jesuits ordained in the United States this summer by clicking on the photos in the right column.
Do you want to learn more about vocations to the Society of Jesus? Visit www.jesuitvocations.org for more information.


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I've blogged about my novel, 2044, here and here. 2044 is a future tale that starts where George Orwell's 1984 left off. The problem in 2044 isn't Big Brother and the leviathan government. The problem is Big Brother, Inc., and the all-powerful marketplace.
This post broadens the horizons. FireDogLake will feature 2044 on its book salon on Sunday.
If you weren't familiar already, FireDogLake's book salon is a terrific forum where authors discuss their work. It's an on-line conversation and a chance for direct Q&A on important subjects. This Sunday's forum will put me in the company of James Galbraith (about the economy), Tom Ricks (about Iraq) and Eric Boehlert (about blogging on the bus), who have all been on Firedog's book salon. Of course, I'll be talking about 2044, my new novel where the government doesn't take over. It gets taken over.
The salon takes place every Sunday evening.
I'll be on this Sunday, July 6 from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. EDT. Right after we celebrate our independence.
Please join us. And ask me a question. A hard one.
It's not necessary but of course it's more than okay if you buy a book.
PS: Chapter one is available on my web page.


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TRIPOLI (Reuters) - Abdel Basset al-Megrahi, the Libyan convicted of the 1988 bombing of a PanAm flight over Lockerbie, died of cancer on Sunday aged 60, leaving many questions on the attack and its aftermath unanswered.
Megrahi, who said he was not responsible for bringing the jumbo jet down on the Scottish town and killing 270 people, was found guilty in 2001 but was freed in 2009 and returned to Libya because he had terminal cancer and was not expected to live long.
The decision by officials in Scotland to return Megrahi to Libya angered relatives of many victims, 189 of whom were American, and was criticized by Washington as Megrahi returned to a hero's welcome from Muammar Gaddafi.
That he survived for nearly three more years, outliving Gaddafi, who was overthrown last year, caused discomfort in Britain. Prime Minister David Cameron, visiting the United States on Sunday, said Megrahi should never have been freed.
Megrahi's brother Mohammed told Reuters he had died at his home in the Libyan capital from complications from prostate cancer and the funeral would take place on Monday.
"He was too sick to utter anything on his deathbed," another brother, Abdulhakim, said. "Just because Abdul Basset is dead doesn't mean the past is now erased," he said. "We will always tell the world that my brother was innocent."
Scottish leader Alex Salmond said his death confirmed his medical condition had been serious. "Mr Megrahi's death ends one chapter of the Lockerbie case, but it does not close the book," he said, noting Scottish lawyers were seeking other suspects.
Megrahi, the only person convicted for the bombing, was found guilty under Scots law of secretly loading a suitcase bomb onto a plane at Malta's Luqa Airport, where he was head of operations for Libyan Arab Airlines in December 1988.
The suitcase was transferred at Frankfurt to another flight and then onto New York-bound PanAm Flight 103 at London's Heathrow airport, concluded Scottish judges sitting at a converted Dutch military base selected as a neutral trial venue.
All 259 people aboard the aircraft were killed when it exploded and 11 people in the small town of Lockerbie died when homes and vehicles were obliterated by falling debris.
Relatives of those killed said it would not ease their loss and the White House said it would not end the quest for justice.
Megrahi, handed over by Gaddafi under a U.N.-brokered deal, always insisted he was merely an airline executive, not a Libyan intelligence agent as prosecutors charged.
His trial was part of a process of rapprochement by which Gaddafi distanced himself from association with groups regarded as terrorists in the West and secured renewed cooperation with Western firms keen to exploit Libya's oil and gas reserves.
Reaction to Megrahi's death reflected the controversies that have raged for years over his role.
Many people in Britain say they believe he was a scapegoat, while many in the United States have accused Britain of releasing him to help secure oil deals in Gaddafi's Libya. Britain has denied the charge.
U.S. Senator Charles Schumer of New York, who wanted the Libyan government that took over after Gaddafi's ouster and killing by rebels to take Megrahi into custody, said his return to Libya was a major injustice.
"The whole deal smelled of a deal for oil for this man's freedom and that was almost blasphemy given what a horrible person he was and the terrible destruction and tragedy that he caused," Schumer told CNN.
"I don't know if we'll ever get to the bottom of it now."
British Prime Minister David Cameron, who was in opposition when Megrahi was freed, said in Chicago: "I've always been clear he should never have been released from prison.
"Today is a day to remember the 270 people who lost their lives in what was an appalling terrorist act. Our thoughts should be with them and their families for the suffering they've had."
Jim Swire, the father of one of the British Lockerbie victims, said he was convinced Megrahi was innocent.
"I've been satisfied for some years that this man had nothing to do with the murder of my daughter and I grit my teeth every time I hear newscasters say 'Lockerbie bomber has died'" he told BBC News television. "This is a sad day."
Megrahi told Reuters in October the West had exaggerated his role and the truth about what happened would emerge soon.
Babette Solon Hollister, 79, whose 20 year old daughter died on the PanAm flight said: "I don't know if he was totally guilty but we know he was involved ... I doubt anything will be resolved now."
Libya's National Transitional Council (NTC), which ousted Gaddafi last year, has said it would work with the Scottish government over the possible involvement of others in the 1988 bombing, an attack the country's new rulers are eager to distance themselves from.
"We would have liked to uncover more truths, but his death will not shut the Lockerbie file," NTC spokesman Mohamed al-Harizy said on Sunday.
Gaddafi's Libya emerged from isolation after it scrapped a banned weapons program and paid compensation for the Lockerbie bombing.
Megrahi was handed over by Libya with fellow suspect Al-Amin Khalifa Fahima under a U.N.-brokered deal. Fahima was acquitted by the Scottish judges at Camp Zeist in January 2001.
Megrahi was jailed in the town of Greenock, near Glasgow.
On Sunday, his neighbors in the Libyan capital rolled out a carpet and set up chairs in the courtyard outside his house in preparation for condolence visits by family and friends.
"My brother was surrounded by his wife, children and his mother as he took his last breath," his brother Abdulhakim said.
Additional reporting by Lin Noueihed in Tunis, Olesya Dmitracova in London and Lily Kuo in New York, Adrian Croft in Chicago and Bill Trott in Washington; writing by Philippa Fletcher; editing by Alastair Macdonald


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MilfHunter Shes got the juice
April Mae's car broke down. Luckily Jessy Jones with his buddy were strolling by and offered to help. Quickly they discovered that April had no clue about cars so they started to have fun with her. She was dressed sexy for a job interview and figured all it would take is a blowjob to get any job. As she missed the interview, why not give the blowjob to Jesse instead. In return those guys would hopefully fix her car. So she followed them home to pick up some jumper cables and give Jesse a good time in return for the help. The parking lot blowjob got interrupted but now they had all the time in the world. She loved his big dick, so after every position she would suck it some more. They fucked doggystyle, they fucked with her on top, front and back, sideways, with her legs up. He gave her ass a short lick, banged her a little more, came all over her face and managed to aim a good portion of his cum straight into her mouth.


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Common Admission Questions
What information is needed in order to be considered for admission?
In order to be considered for admission a student must submit an application for admission, ACT or SAT score, and an official high school transcript. At Bethany, we look at each student individually, taking into consideration his or her total application. Applications are evaluated on the following criteria, listed in order of priority:
- Grade point average in college prep classes
- Standardized test score: ACT or SAT I; Bethany does not require the essay portion of the ACT, but does recommend it. Bethany's ACT code is 2086; the SAT code is 6035.
- Class selection
- Overall grade point average
- Motivation
- References
- Recommendations
This process allows the admissions committee to evaluate ALL the academic credentials of an applicant without creating benchmark numbers that must be met. Students who would like an indication of their potential acceptance at Bethany are encouraged to contact us.
We review applications as they are submitted and typically notify applicants of our admission decisions within 10 business days. The priority deadline to apply for fall semester is May 1. Applications should be submitted no later than July 1 (for fall semester enrollment) or December 10 (for spring semester enrollment). Applications are considered after these dates, but there is no guarantee of acceptance for the upcoming semester. Financial aid deadlines are earlier.
Does Bethany accept Advanced Placement Test (AP) scores for credit?
Students who score 50 or higher on the College Level Examination Program (CLEP), or 3 or higher on the Advance Placement Test (AP), or 5 or more on the higher level exams of the International Baccalaureate (IB) are given advanced placement with college credit. In addition, students who have taken college coursework through a postsecondary option program on the campus of an accredited college or university (PSEOP) or at their high school through an accredited college course (CIS) may transfer academic credits with a grade of C or above.
Does Bethany require its students to have a computer?
What criteria does Bethany consider when reviewing my application for admission?
Bethany's admissions process mirrors the College's approach of working with the abilities, qualities, and talents of each student. We do not make an admission decision under the restrictions of pre-determined minimum guidelines or numbers. Rather, we review each applicant on an individual basis on a variety of factors in an attempt to identify a prospective student's capability to experience academic success in a due amount of time.
Applications of prospective students to Bethany are reviewed under the following criteria in rank order: core GPA in college-prep classes, overall GPA, and standardized test score (either ACT or SAT). Other factorsthat might be considered include class selection, academic and character references, letters of reference, and an interview.
Bethany does not require the essay portion for the ACT, but does recommend it. Bethany's ACT code is 2086; the SAT code is 6035.
We review completed applications daily (application, transcript, and test score) and typically notify applicants of our admissions decisions within 10 business days.
Students can be accepted in one of two categories. Regularly accepted students enter Bethany with no academic restrictions. Conditionally accepted students, in an effort to increase the potential for academic success, are either encouraged to consider or required to attempt a lower number of credits their first semester and/or utilize Bethany's tutoring program via our Academic Success Center. Students can also enter Bethany on a part-time basis.
Applications should be submitted no later than July 1 (for fall semester enrollment) or December 10 (for spring semester enrollment). Applications are accepted after these dates, but there is no guarantee of consideration for the upcoming semester.
Residential life
Do you have co-ed residence halls at Bethany?
Is there open access to all the residence halls?
Are there curfews?
Do I have to live on campus at Bethany?
Can I have a car at Bethany?
If I don't have a car, how will I get around?
Spiritual life
Do I have to be Christian to go to Bethany?


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N.A. Juniors Game Night: 10/30
PEI Rocket 2 @ Moncton Wildcats 3 (SO)
D Mark Barberio, MON: 0-1-1, E, 0 PIM, 6 SOG
Season totals: 15 GP, 4-11-15, +9, 8 PIM
Moncton is first overall in the league at 15-0-2-0, setting a record earning points in the first 17 games of the season. The 1972-73 Quebec Remparts held the previous league record for best start to a season by earning points in the first 16 games.
Kingston Frontenacs 3 @ Brampton Battalion 4
W Kyle DeCoste, BRA: 0-0-0, -1, 4 PIM (interference, hooking)
Season totals: DeCoste: 12 GP, 3-2-5, -4, 17 PIM
Of Note: Both Dana Tyrell and Dustin Tokarski were named to Team WHL for the upcoming ADT Canada-Russia Challenge. They are the only two Lightning prospects named to the WHL, OHL, or QMJHL teams as Mark Barberio was passed over for the Q's squad.
Sioux Falls Stampede 1 @ Fargo Force 2
D Luke Witkowski, FAR: 1-0-1,+1, 19 PIM (interference, checking from behind, fighting, 10 min misconduct), 4 SOG
Season totals: 5 GP, 1-1-2, +2, 26 PIM
Witkowski's first goal of the year was the game winner for Fargo in their home debut.
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More Debugging C++ Code, WHOO-HOO!
Presupuesto $10-30 USD
Hey, ho, hey...I have a project that is all done, but my Code::Blocks is spewing errors at me all over the place in regards to my project that has class headers and implementation files in it. I'm fairly certain that I know how to add my classes into my project, and I've checked compiler settings, so all else it could be is I am riddled with errors that I am simply just not catching (even though I've triple checked this numerous times...). If someone is free, I would be grateful to have your help in getting to the bottom of what's wrong. THANKS!
Adjudicado a:
Hello. I have much experience with C++ programming and I have installed codeblocks on my machine
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Hi, I would like to help you. I use code:blocks and sometimes it gives errors that other IDEs do not. I have many years with C/C++ linux and windows so, It not gonna be a problem. good luck!
Hi! As someone who has waded through Code::Blocks compile errors many times myself, I feel your frustration! Sometimes the error is as simple as a missing 'int', other times you need to resolve some library hell. I Más


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Course Code: PAF4O5
This course emphasizes regular participation in a variety of enjoyable fitness activities that promote life-long healthy active living. Student learning will include the application of movement principles to refine their skills, participation in a variety of fitness activities (e.g. aerobics, weight training, jazzercise, self-defence etc) that enhance personal competence and health, and examination of issues related to healthy living. Reference should be made to the Healthy Active Living Education open course descriptions for Grades 10, 11 and 12 for health areas of study.


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Saturday, April 09, 2011
Horse Racing on TV a Disappearing Act
(CHICAGO, IL - April 9, 2011) The irrelevance of horse racing in the popular culture was evident on several fronts this week. In Illinois, some state legislators denounced supporting the sport by saying it no longer attracts the public's notice. Proof that these claims have merit is borne out by the networks' indifference to two Grade 1 stakes with Kentucky Derby influence.
If the Santa Anita Derby and Wood Memorial aren't important enough to be televised, there are only five days of racing that are. It may be in this decade that they, too, will evaporate. Horse racing has long been considered a niche interest. But dismissing historic fixtures with such disregard makes the niche a mere secret.
Throughout the year, only the Triple Crown races and two days of Breeders' Cup action – five days in all - will bring horse racing enjoyment to television audiences. Bowling, rodeo and boxing are on more than that. Surf the dial and find totally unwatchable trash on a regular basis. Yet, no person of marginal horse racing knowledge would think to abandon these poor offerings for the industry-produced sources that will carry this weekend's action in alternate fashion.
Regulars maintain that the slight won't affect them in one way or another. They know the landscape and can make do with computers. Nevertheless, witnessing horse racing's main competitions disappear from key media has not been a pleasant experience. Considering the sport's almost universal exclusion in newspapers and its status as "other" on Network Internet sites, the introduction of horse racing to new fans using conventional tools is nearly impossible.
As for upcoming Grade 1s like the Blue Grass Stakes and Arkansas Derby, the future's no better. With fewer people able to learn about Dialed In and Uncle Mo by TV discovery, the Kentucky Derby will lose luster and probably viewers. Promotion occurs as a result of compounded effort.
There are two ways to become newsworthy. The first is to make news. The second is to buy it. Horse racing, at least on this weekend, seems incapable of either.
Vic Zast will be back on Monday morning with TrackWords. Find him on the weekend at Facebook and Twitter.
Written by Vic Zast


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EVERETT — The Snohomish County Council has prepared an emergency moratorium to prohibit building within a half-mile of landslide hazard areas, such as the hillside near Oso that collapsed March 22.
The proposed legislation would have a huge impact along coastal bluffs and mountain valleys, where an estimated 30,000 people already live in parts of the county with known landslide dangers.
"It would be a six-month moratorium, which is all we can do by ordinance," Council Chairman Dave Somers said. "It would prohibit any new construction, any new housing construction, within a half-mile of a landslide hazard zone throughout the entire county."
The ordinance is expected to be introduced at the council's regular 9 a.m. Wednesday meeting. It would not apply to projects with completed building applications.
The zones subject to the moratorium would be defined by the county's rules for building in critical areas and a 2010 study of natural hazards.
The county's critical areas rules, last updated in 2007, require a special review for building sites within 200 feet of a known landslide area.
The mudslide that hit the rural Steelhead Haven neighborhood east of Oso stretched 5,827 feet — more than a mile — from the scarp to the farthest southern point. It covered 245 acres in an estimated 10 million cubic yards of debris.
The county's existing 200-foot buffer for geologically hazardous areas would not have applied to any of the homes destroyed by the March 22 slide, which caused 41 confirmed deaths with two more people listed as missing.
The closest of the more than 40 homes destroyed that day was well over 300 feet from the toe of the slope.
Two big slides on the same slope blocked the North Fork Stillaguamish River in 2006 and 1967.
Given a history of instability, geologists, as early as 1999, had warned that the slope was at risk of failing again. However, they did not predict that debris field would extend more than a mile, clear to the south side of the valley.
For county policy makers, the overriding safety concern in recent years was always flooding. In particular, they worried about the river endangering lives and property when it carved out new channels.
In 2002, the county secured a Federal Emergency Management Agency grant for a $1.9 million buyout of 10 homes a few miles upriver from Steelhead Haven. Those homes were considered in imminent danger.
A 2004 plan to address flooding on the Stilly considered buying out homes at Steelhead Haven, but gave it a lower priority than competing projects. Officials believed they would be able to manage risks by shoring up the hillside to the north. At the time, they mainly had an eye toward managing flood dangers and protecting salmon and steelhead fisheries.
A lobbyist for the area's largest homebuilders group agreed with the county's decision to prioritize safety through the moratorium.
"The impact on the building industry would be extremely minimal in the short term," said Mike Pattison of the Master Builders Association of King and Snohomish Counties. "We have to be mindful of the fact that these landslide areas are largely rural areas and the vast majority of construction happens in urban areas. While there may be a development or two affected, the big picture is that it will have a minimal short-term impact on development."
Somers said he hopes the emergency moratorium will give the county a chance to assess its building codes and how it can better gauge risks, perhaps through newer technologies such as LIDAR, which can be used to map landscapes from the air.
There's also a question about where to draw the line when it comes to regulating safety.
"In general, there's a question about the county's role in prohibiting development," Somers said.
If the council passes an emergency moratorium, it must follow up with a public hearing within 60 days.
Noah Haglund: 425-339-3465, firstname.lastname@example.com.


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From PostgreSQL wiki
External Security Provider
This page is for discussion of ESP in PostgreSQL
ESP (External Security Provider) is an idea to support an additional access control feature in PostgreSQL.
It tries to reorganize existing (the default PG) access control into well structured security functions, and modify the main logic to call the security functions on access controls.
Primarily, it intends to separate how permissions are checked from what permissions are checked.
For example, the default PG model applies the following checks to create a new table.
- ACL_CREATE on the namespace of the new table.
- ACL_CREATE on the tablespace of the new table, if explicitly given.
- Ownership of the parent tables, if the new table inherits them.
Currently, these checks are inlined within in DefineRelation() and MergeAttributes() individually. The ESP tries to moves them into a separate security function, and replace invocations of pg_xxx_aclcheck() and pg_xxx_ownercheck() by the new security function.
void check_relation_create(....) { /* * Check ACL_CREATE of the namespace of the new relation */ aclresult = pg_namespace_aclcheck(namespaceId, GetUserId(), ACL_CREATE); if (aclresul != ACLCHECK_OK) aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_NAMESPACE, get_namespace_name(namespaceId)); /* * Check ACL_CREATE of the tablespace, if explicitly given */ if (OidIsValid(tablespaceId) && tablespaceId != MyDatabaseTableSpace) { aclresult = pg_tablespace_aclcheck(tablespaceId, GetUserId(), ACL_CREATE); if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK) aclcheck_error(aclresult, ACL_KIND_TABLESPACE, get_tablespace_name(tablespaceId)); } /* * Check ownership of the parent table, if inherited */ foreach (l, inheritOids) { if (!pg_class_ownercheck(lfirst_oid(l), GetUserId())) aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_CLASS, get_rel_name(lfirst_oid(l))); } }
In this example, the main logic (DefineRelation()) calls check_relation_create() with all the needed information to make access control decision, then check_relation_create() checks user's permissions according to the specifications.
It means the check_relation_create() encapsulates how permissions are checked from the caller. The caller knows only result of the series of permission checks whether the creation of new table is allowed, or not.
The new security functions shall perform as entrypoints of optional security providers.
In our community, people who are good at various kind of security models are not majority. So, if we put hooks of the external security providers on the main logic directly, it may cause bugs when we reworks the main logic.
However, as long as these external security features are invoked from well frameworked security functions, its meanings are clear. So, we can avoid matters in source code management.
Leading examples
We already knows a few OSS software which support well frameworked security functions.
- Linux - LSM (Linux Security Modules)
- available at v2.6.x series
- Known security provides
- Root capability
- SELinux
- Smack
- TOMOYO Linux
- AppArmor (not merged yet)
- Xorg - XACE (X Access Control Extension)
- available at X11R7.2 or later
- Known security providers
- SELinux
LSM is designed to host an optional MAC security feature, but it does not integrate existing DAC permission checks. So, it works just stubs, when no MAC security feature is available.
XACE is designed to host both of the default DAC security feature and an optional MAC security feature. It shares common security hooks.
Steps to upstream
Step.1 Access control reworks
In this phase, we reworks existing PG access control facilities into well structured security functions, without any external security providers.
In most cases, it will be simple one-to-one replacement.
In the case when multiple PG permissions are checked on the operation to a certain database object, we will call the new security functions as soon as possible after we can resolve all the needed information.
- Patch size
- If we try to rework all the access control at once, the patch scale will growth too large to review.
- The patch should be divided per object class basis. E.g) Reworks for schema, relation, types, ...
- What parameters should be delivered to ESP routines?
- All the needed information to make access control decision.
- The number of parameters will increase infinitely? When a new security provider is proposed, we can make advice if it requires too strange parameters.
Step.2 Security label support
To host label based MAC features, it is necessary PostgreSQL to provide a capability to assign a label on database objects. The label is similar to owner-id and database-acls used in the default PG security. It is used to identify the security properties of the database object, and label based MAC feature makes decision based on the label. In SELinux, we call label security context. But label is more neutral name in generall.
postgres=# SELECT security_label, relname, relkind FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 't1'; security_label | relname | relkind ------------------------------------------+---------+--------- unconfined_u:object_r:sepgsql_table_t:s0 | t1 | r (1 row)
- During row-level access control is not available, the system column does not need to be writable.
Step.3 Add external security providers
We shall add entrypoint of external security providers on the security functions reworked at step.1.
- Which is preferable way to implement? built-in? or loadable-module?


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Do you really need a Persistence Layer?
Well that depends, but in many cases it's far more than what you really need...
Continuing from my earlier post about building an AJAX / SOAP App in 15 minutes, the only way to build an app this fast is KISS. If you're worrying about EJBs, Relational DBMS, or file storage, you've gone too far.
Here's a screenshot of the completed app (you can try a sample of the app yourself here):
For Sticky Notes, the only way to KISS was to stay entirely in the Object domain; that meant keeping a strict eye for only what was necessary, and not a bit more. Thus for the Server side, I chose Terracotta because:
- I can code plain POJOs without having to worry about another code layer
- With the Terracotta server in persistence-mode I get to stay in the Object domain, and persist my objects naturally.
- It exposes SOAP services from simple POJOs - no work required.
- It's a cinch to run standalone without a container (it uses Jetty)
- interfaces with SOAP
- it looks like they are going to have a number of new output formats real soon now (DHTML and Java ME) - hopefully I will get more bang for my buck using OpenLaszlo than trying to build something out of DHTML and any of the numerous Javascript AJAX toolkits out there...
If you saw my Notes service version 1.0, it needed a few tweaks to implement the full app. I've updated the Notes project which is now at version 1.1.
In particular, I had to
- add a "getNotes()" service, which just returns an array of integer ids representing the notes that are stored.
- add a "deleteNote(int id)" service. This deletes a note given the input id.
- beefed up the "setNote()" service. I added x, y, width, and height parameters. (Of course I had to add a Note object to store all of these values as well.)
- beefed up the "getNote()" service. Obviously this now has to return x, y, width and height in addition to the msg.
NOTE THE CODE LINKED TO BELOW IS DEPRECATED! Terracotta is now Open Source, the code below will work fine but has not been updated to the recent versions of Terracotta. There is also a full Terracotta Forge available for projects.
The full source code is available at the Terracotta Project Site. In addition you can view a simple version of the app (which has all of the SOAP removed, so you can see it in action, but no persistence takes place) here.


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Simple Truths
The Live Simply series, a set of four booklets based on the values of St. Francis of Assisi, is packed with practical, portable advice about ethical eating, holistic health, creation care, and sensible shopping. Ideal for anyone seeking a life of simplicity and satisfaction in a world of consumption. Franciscan Media
Lost and Found?
A decomposing body is found in the Sonoran Desert, with a tattoo, "Dayani Cristal." The documentary Who is Dayani Cristal? shows the efforts to find out who this mysterious migrant was and the journey he likely followed. A haunting look at the people affected by the politics of immigration. www.whoisdayanicristal.com
Seeing Holiness
Inspired by meditation and mysticism, author Christine Valters Painter makes visual prayers come to life through the camera lens in Eyes of the Heart: Photography as a Christian Contemplative Practice. Each chapter includes a spiritual practice, reflection questions, and stunning black-and-white or full-color photography. Sorin Books
Chronic Love
In Sober Mercies: How Love Caught Up with a Christian Drunk, recovering alcoholic Heather Kopp details how she hit rock bottom—only to discover that God's grace knows no limit. A bluntly honest must-read for people of faith struggling with addiction or a loved one's substance abuse. Jericho Books
New and Noteworthy
Simple Truths


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The Hope College Great Performance Series is returning for the 2011-12 season with a range of cultural events highlighting the best in dance, music and theatre.
From the alluring movements of the River North Dance Chicago Company to sounds of jazz legend Kenny Barron, the series will feature a range of events suitable for anyone and everyone to experience.
The season will open on Thursday and Friday, Sept. 29 and 30, with 7:30 p.m. performances by River North Chicago Dance Company at the Knickerbocker Theatre. Under the direction of Artistic Director Frank Chaves, River North is a jazz-based contemporary company. The "Chicago Sun-Times" has described River North Dance Chicago as "enthralling, a hugely attractive and technically impressive company."
On Thursday, Oct. 13, at 7:30 p.m. in Dimnent Memorial Chapel, the Enso String Quartet will take the stage. With a 2010 Grammy nomination for "Best Chamber Music Performance" this award-winning young ensemble is growing a wide fan base. "The Washington Post" has said that the quartet gives "a thrillingly athletic performance."
The Kenny Barron Trio features the legendary jazz pianist, who has taken home nine Grammy nominations since 1992. The combo will perform in Dimnent Memorial Chapel on Friday, Nov. 11, at 7:30 p.m. With "The Los Angles Times" describing Barron as "one of the top jazz pianists in the world," it was no surprise in 2005 when Barron was inducted into the American Jazz Hall of Fame. The trio features Barron on piano, Ray Drummond on bass, and Ben Riley on drums.
On Friday, Jan. 27, at 7:30 p.m., ETHEL with Robert Mirabal will perform in Dimnent Memorial Chapel. ETHEL, the pioneering string quartet, collaborates with three-time Grammy-winning Native American flutist Robert Mirabal to present a program inspired by the sun mythology of Native America. Using the instruments of the string quartet, Native American flutes and drums, as well as the spirited voices of Hope students, ETHEL and Mirabal will unite to create a cross-cultural contemporary music event.
The Calefax Reed Quintet, called "one of the classical arena's best-kept secrets" by the "New Jersey Star Ledger," will perform on Tuesday, Feb. 28, at 7:30 p.m. in Dimnent Memorial Chapel. The Amsterdam-based ensemble has won a number of prestigious prizes over its 25-year history. The five musicians arrange, recompose, and interpret music from eight centuries to suit their unique constellation: from early music to classical and jazz to world premieres. The group can be heard throughout Europe, Russia, China, India, Turkey, Japan and the United States.
The recent sold-out performances by the Cashore Marionettes, featuring artist Joseph Cashore and his "friends," prompted encore performances on Friday, March 30, at 7:30 p.m. and Saturday, March 31, at 2 p.m. Characters of depth, integrity and humanity are portrayed in a series of scenes taken from everyday life and set to music. The visit will include characters featured during the Cashore Marionettes' 2010 appearance along with new creations. As "The Toronto Sun" has said, "the range of movement truly has to be seen to be believed and even that might be pushing it."
Individual and season tickets are now available. Season subscriptions are $63 for regular admission, $50 for senior citizens, $24 for students and $140 for a family (no matter how many children). The subscriptions are such a savings that they are equivalent to seeing two shows for free. Individual tickets are $18 for regular admission, $13 for senior citizens, and $6 for children 18 and under. Both individual tickets and season subscriptions are available at the Hope College ticket office or by calling (616) 395-7890.
The ticket office is open weekdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and is located in the main lobby of the DeVos Fieldhouse, at 222 Fairbanks Ave., between Ninth and 11th streets.
More information about the season may be obtained online by visiting https://hope.edu/gps/.


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By Jeff Goodman
Harrison Barnes is a veteran at Chris Paul's Camp.
In fact, this was the 6-foot-8 forward's third go-around at the event – which features the NBA star point guard and a bunch of college and high school players.
But this time it truly made sense.
North Carolina's highly touted recruit struggled out of the gates a year ago as a freshman before turning it around in the middle of the season (not coincidentally when Kendall Marshall was inserted into the starting lineup).
One of the areas in which Barnes struggled was putting it on the floor and beating defenders off the dribble.
"I want to work on my ballhandling and what better way than to work with one of the best point guards in the world," Barnes said from the CP3 Camp. "Ballhandling a big emphasis for me this offseason.
Barnes, who will also attend the Kevin Durant Skills Camp, also said he has focused on developing a more adept post game – as well as the overall consistency of his shooting.
Barnes' return, along with that of teammates John Henson and Tyler Zeller, have made the Tar Heels the likely No. 1 team (Kentucky is a close second) entering next season.
Barnes admitted there was plenty of flip-flopping with his decision to return to school.
"There was a lot of going back and forth," he said. "But at the end of the day, I'm happy with my decision to stay at UNC and don't have any second thoughts about it."
Barnes said the lockout played a part – as did how much he enjoys college. He also said coming so close to the Final Four was a factor.
"That didn't sit well with me," Barnes said. "To work so hard and come so close."


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It's all right here. The energy, the music, the motivation and all the ways you want to move. Passionate Instructors. Hundreds of classes. Complimentary with your membership.
Whether you're a novice or a yogi, please come join us. Build strength, increase flexibility and release tension as you advance your practice — all at your own pace.
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Indoor Cycle
Our indoor cycling classes use motivating instructors, cutting-edge bikes and pulse-pounding music to help you push toward new levels of fitness.
Personal Training
Reaching your fitness goals is as crucial to us as it is to you. We've got dedicated trainers that bring one-on-one support and customized attention to help you achieve success.
Pilates is the body conditioning system that combines strength, flexibility and cardio for a totally toned you. Start with a complimentary demonstration class or a private session.
We've got classes designed for every swimmer out there, from pros to those who prefer the shallow end. All ages and skill levels can take a dip with plenty of open swim time.
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Take the guesswork away and know with certainty that your nutrition and exercise plan will work for your body with the programs and assessments provided with Life Time Weight Loss.
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Give your kids a playground that they can actually learn in. Bring them into an exhilarating, fun-packed atmosphere, while you get the beneficial, undisturbed workout you deserve.
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Keep kids active all year long with our fun activities, including: Parents' Night Out, Martial Arts, Sports Classes, Swim, Birthday Parties and Camps.
Kids Swim
Kids love swimming. Our trained instructors will lay a foundation of fundamental strokes and safety training to provide years of aquatic fun.
Put some fun into your workout with Life Time Tennis. From kids to seniors, beginners to seasoned competitors, Life Time Tennis covers the whole court.
Actual spaces may appear different depending on club.


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In this article, published originally in Saudi Aramco World in 1969, focus is laid on the history of Cairo, the capital city of Egypt, founded in 969 by General Gawhar, in the name of the Fatimid Caliph. Written on the occasion of the millemium of Cairo, The author describes the splendours of the city, especially under the Fatimids and the Mamluks, and quotes the testimonies of travellers who visited it in pre-modern times.
Irene Beeson*
Note of the editor
This article was published first in the print edition of Saudi Aramco World, vol. 20, No. 5, 4, September/October 1969, pp. 26-30 (read online here). We republish it with new illustrations and suggestions for further reading.
As anniversaries go, Cairo's Millennial has been grim.
Despite brave efforts to focus on the dancers, singers, painters and other artists come to mark this rarest of events, Cairo's attention has been elsewhere, a harsh reminder, perhaps, of the night 1,000 years ago when, according to legend, the whim of a raven gave a new city an ominous name.
Figure 1a-b: Two historic maps of Cairo, Egypt: a. Map of 1492 by Schedel; b. map by an unknown artist, 16th century. (Source).
It was August 8, 969. General Gawhar, in the name of the Fatimid Caliph, had just conquered al-Fustat, then the capital of Egypt, and had chosen a site north-east of it for a new palace to house the Caliph when he came to claim his prize. Around the site, mattocks in hand, stood laborers listening for the sound of bells strung on ropes outlining the site. According to his plan, General Gawhar would ring the bells at the most favorable conjunction of the planets. But just as Mars reached its zenith, a raven darted down and perched on the rope. The bells rang, the laborers began to dig, and the city became "The Warrior", in Arabic, "al-Qahira," twisted later by western tongues into "Caire" and "Cairo."
Until that fateful night, Egypt's capital had moved up and down the Nile Valley for 5,000 years—changing name and site according to the wishes of conquerors and dynasties. Most recently—that is, when the Caliph al-Mu'izz attacked Egypt—the capital had been the Roman-ruled Misr which the first Muslim conquerors of Egypt had named, in 641, al-Fustat.
Like Cairo, the name and site of al-Fustat, whose charred ruins archeologists are just now excavating after 800 years, was chosen by a bird: a dove that laid an egg in the tent of 'Amr ibn al-'As, the Arab conqueror of Egypt, as he was about to march on Alexandria. 'Amr immediately declared the spot sacred and when he returned, triumphant, from Alexandria, instructed his soldiers to build their quarters around the tent, thus giving the new city its name: "town of the tent." Later a mosque—the mosque of 'Amr, Egypt's first Islamic religious building—was erected on the site of the tent.
Figure 2: Entrance of the Mosque of Amr ibn al-'As, also called the Mosque of Amr, originally built in 642 CE, as the centre of the newly-founded capital of Egypt, Fustat. The original structure was the first mosque ever built in Egypt, and by extension, the first mosque on the continent of Africa. (Source).
For a time after the Fatimid conquest, al-Fustat continued as the metropolis of Egypt. Although nearby Cairo was growing, it was still essentially a royal enclosure reserved for the Caliph, his court, slaves, administration and army. Al-Fustat was the real capital and for years after, travelers marveled at its beauty. The geographer Ibn Hawkal, for example, wrote in 987 that al-Fustat, then about a third the size of Baghdad, was a city of shaded streets, gardens and handsome markets with houses up to seven stories tall, and large enough to accommodate 200 people. And nearly 70 years later, a Persian, Nasir-i-Khusrow, marvelled at the wonderful wares in Fustat markets: iridescent pottery so delicate he could see his hand through it, costly green transparent glass, rock crystal, tortoise shell and a profusion of fruits and flowers and vegetables even during the winter months.
In the meantime, the Caliph al-Mu'izz had made a significant decision: he would move his court to Cairo. Egypt, for some 300 years a province administrated by governors appointed in such centers of Muslim power as Damascus, Medina and Baghdad, was now to be a center of power itself. And the compound called al-Qahira would be its capital.
By then, the royal compound was an impressive place. Stretching from what is now Bab-al-Futuh to Bab Zuwayla, and from Bab al-Ghurayyib beyond al-Azhar Mosque to Khalq Street, was a wall so thick two horsemen could ride abreast on it, and so long they had to build seven gates to provide adequate access and egress. Inside, in an area measuring half a square mile, was a rahba (a square now called Khan al-Khalili), so large that 10,000 soldiers could parade in it. On the eastern side was the palace of al-Mu'izz. This palace, which occupied nearly a fifth of the compound, was the structure the historian Makrizi would later say had "four thousand chambers," one an Emerald Hall with pillars of marble, another the incredible "Golden Hall", a pavilion where the Caliph on a golden throne surrounded by his chamberlain and gentlemen in waiting surveyed, from behind a screen of golden filigree, the festivals of Islam.
Figure 3: Drawing of the old Egyptian capital Fustat, dated 1903-1906 (Gutenberg project: The book "History of Egypt by Rappoport", vol. 11 (see online here). (Source).
The compound was so large that from a distance, according to Nasir-i-Khusrow, it looked like a mountain. And the palace was so magnificent that only the words of one who was there could properly capture it. Such a one was William of Tyre who in 1168 came to Cairo with the ambassadors from the Crusaders. They were led, he wrote, through long mysterious corridors and guarded doors, across a spacious open court and arcades on marble pillars, and along halls with ceilings inlaid with gold. There were marble fountains, birds of "wondrous plumage," and animals "such as the ingenious hand of the painter might depict, or the license of the poet invent..."
Finally, he said, they came to the throne room where "the multitude of pages and their sumptuous dress proclaimed the splendour of their lord ... and the heavy curtains broidered with gold and pearls were drawn aside and on a golden throne robed in more than regal state, the Caliph sat revealed."
Another great structure constructed in the compound was the great mosque of al-Azhar ("The Resplendent") built between 970 and 972, rebuilt several times since, yet remaining at the core essentially the same. Five years later, the Caliph's son al-'Aziz would dedicate the mosque to learning, a step that would make it, during the next 1,000 years, a major theological center of Islam, with students from all over the world gathering for instruction in Islamic theology, law and tradition, and in Arabic, grammar and rhetoric. But that was later. At the beginning, it was simply a great mosque and the scene for Caliph al-Mu'izz's official arrival—and the beginning of a profound change in the history of Egypt.
Figure 4: Coptic and Arabic inscriptions in old Cairo. The verses are John 4:13 and 14; whilst the English translation of the Arabic reads: "In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. All who drink from this water, will also be thirsty. But whoever drinks the water that I give will never, ever be thirsty" ("John (shortened to "jo"), page 4:13 and 14 - paid attention to this (probably meaning "wrote this"). Under the supervision of Nakhla-Bakk Yusuf Al-Nazir, year 1899". (Source).
For Egypt, the advent of the Fatimids was far more than a change of rule and the shifting of the capital. It was a complete departure from the country's religious, political, social and cultural traditions, a period in which Egypt asserted itself as the leading country of the Muslim Empire.
The men responsible for this change were al-Mu'izz, and his son al-'Aziz. The father, who had coveted Egypt for years, only ruled there for two years but during them he cleared the way for his son's 21 years of peace and prosperity.
One of the important contributions made by al-Mu'izz was tolerance. Although a Shi'ite, he avoided extremes in substituting his beliefs for the orthodox Sunni teachings that had been predominant until his conquest. Another was economic strength. At Maks, near present day Ezbekyia, he built first docks, then ships: 600 ships, some measuring 275 by 110 feet, a fleet that strengthened trade so substantially that Egypt soon rivaled Baghdad.
Figure 5: A mosaic depicting Saint George in Old Cairo (photo by Przemyslaw Idzkiewicz, October 2004). (Source).
To pay for the extravagances of an entourage already 20,000 strong, and his own love of luxury (he even encouraged representational painting, an art form banned by orthodox Muslims), he instituted a system of tax collection so rigorous it produced the equivalent of $150,000 a day from al-Fustat alone.
Al-'Aziz followed his father's example. He added his own palace, "the Lesser Western Palace," plus the Golden Hall, the Great Diwan and the Pearl Pavilion—all of which have vanished. He laid the foundations of the Mosque of al-Hakim in which the dome was later introduced. Samples of the Islamic dome can be found still in three Fatimid mosques in Cairo: al-Azhar, al-Hakim and al-Guyushi. This charming little mosque, perched on the edge of Muqattam Hill, was built in 1805 by Badr al-Gamali, and is the only mosque of that period with a minaret intact.
Had the rest of the Fatimid Caliphs followed the example of al-Mu'izz, the history of the next 177 years might read quite differently. But with the accession of the mad al-Hakim the story of the Fatimid turns into a saga of repression, famine and war that would go on and on until the day in November, 1169 when troops ignited 20,000 barrels of naphtha and burned al-Fustat to the ground in a fire lasting 54 days.
Ominously, the reign of al-Hakim, nicknamed "the lizard" by a tutor, began with a murder. Fifteen years old, already feared by the court for his "terrible blue eyes" and a thunderous voice that made even adults tremble in his presence, al-Hakim immediately ordered the death of the regent who had served him for four years. It was the first of many such orders as, for 25 years, al-Hakim sought to force all Egypt to comply with his often eccentric decrees.
Figure 6: Front cover of Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide by Caroline Williams, published by The American University in Cairo Press, revised edition 2004 (paperback); reviewed here.
Not only did he ban alcohol, as one would expect from a good Caliph, but also ordered the destruction of vineyards, outlawed raisins and confiscated honey. He forbade all games, even chess, and ordered shoe makers to stop the manufacture of outdoor footwear for women—to force them to stay indoors all the time. Eventually women were not only forbidden to appear at their latticed windows but also from going onto the roofs of their own houses. In 1005, he also instituted widespread persecution of Egypt's Christians. His final outrage—the one that led to his downfall—was to proclaim himself the incarnation of God, a violation of orthodox beliefs. When the people threatened revolution, he sent in troops but lost control of them.
Despite a few improvements to Cairo—the Hakim mosque, the Musalla al-'Id, and the Dar al-'Ilm (The Hall of Science) in the great palace,—the reign of al-Hakim seemed to spoil the Fatimid line. Although there were peaceful and prosperous periods—most notably one 20-year period during the 58-year reign of the handsome and amiable al-Mustansir—much of the Fatimid story thereafter involves battle, disease, and death.
During al-Mustansir's reign, for example, Turkish elements in the army fought the Sudanese and Berber elements for ten years, drove them out and took Cairo; they were only defeated when Badr-al-Gamaly, the shrewd and forceful governor of Damascus, was brought in by al-Mustansir to restore order.
In 1066, there began a seven-year famine during which women would barter a house for a sack of flour and butchers sold horses, jackasses, dogs and cats. After the famine there was plague.
Badr-al-Gamaly and his son Afdal Shahansha did bring a period of tranquility to Egypt. They pacified Fustat, borrowed money and restored agriculture. During that period, artisans of the land—the plasterers, woodcarvers, glassblowers and jewelers—recorded in stone, wood, plaster and in glass and precious stones, the glory of the Fatimids. There were major improvements effected in the city too, notably the construction of a new wall and the three great stone gates, Bab al-Futuh, Bab al-Nasr and Bab Zuwayla, all three of which stand today as monuments of the Fatimid period.
During ensuing reigns, however, the dynasty staggered to its end in a series of palace revolts, and uprisings so serious that in 1149 the people of Cairo appealed to Amir Tala'i ibn Ruzzik, governor of Ashmunain in Upper Egypt to come to the rescue. He did and soon after he built a mosque to mark his victory. It stands today near the Bab Zuwayla.
Figure 7: Map of Cairo, from Kitab Bahriya by Piri Reis. Source: Suleymaniye Library in Istanbul, MS Ayasofya 910.
By now, however, the Crusaders had moved west from Jerusalem, and were threatening Egypt. When Tala'i failed to drive them away, he too fell.
The end was in sight, and after a governor of Upper Egypt called Shawar marched on Cairo and seized the vizierate from Tala'i's son, it was not long in coming. Soon involved in the constant struggle for power, Shawar offered a third of Egypt's revenue to a Sunni prince called Nur id-Din for his support against the rebels. Nur id-Din came, soon broke with Shawar who was then involved with the Crusaders, and, after Shawar's great fire had reduced al-Fustat to smoking ruins, invaded the city, and named Salah-id-Din as prime minister, the same "Saladin" who would loom so large in the later events of the Middle East, and would also, in 1171, suppress the title of "Fatimid Caliph" forever.
With the destruction of al-Fustat, Cairo, naturally, began to grow. Some of the sumptuous palaces had been sold, the others fell into decay and as the centuries went by what had been the glory of the Fatimids slowly vanished in the spreading sprawling mass of Cairo until today, on the 1,000th birthday of the city, only a few mosques, ancient gates, and sagging walls, and some fragments of pottery and carving remain as evidence of this violent, yet also brilliant, beginning to one of the world's most famous cities.
Further readings
- Abu-Lughod, Janet (July 1965), "Tale of Two Cities: The Origins of Modern Cairo", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot (1984), Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali (illustrated, reprint ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Beattie, Andrew (2005), Cairo: A Cultural History (illustrated ed.), New York: Oxford University Press.
- Butler, Alfred J. (2008), The Arab Conquest of Egypt - And the Last Thirty Years of the Roman Dominion, Portland, Ore: Butler Press.
- Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1992), Islamic Architecture in Cairo (2nd ed.), Leiden: Brill.
- Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2004), The Black Death (illustrated, annotated ed.), Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Collins, Robert O. (2002), The Nile (illustrated ed.), New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
- Daly, M. W.; Petry, Carl F. (1998), The Cambridge History of Egypt: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003), The New Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd revised ed.), Singapore: Tien Wah Press.
- Golia, Maria (2004), Cairo: city of sand, London: Reaktion Books.
- Hawass, Zahi A.; Brock, Lyla Pinch (2003), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Archaeology (2nd ed.), Cairo: American University in Cairo.
- Hourani, Albert Habib; Khoury, Philip Shukry; Wilson, Mary Christina (2004), The Modern Middle East: A Reader (2nd ed.), London: I.B. Tauris.
- McGregor, Andrew James (2006), A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006), Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Raymond, André (2000), Cairo, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
- Sanders, Paula (2008), Creating Medieval Cairo: Empire, Religion, and Architectural Preservation in Nineteenth-Century Egypt, Cairo: American University in Cairo.
- Shillington, Kevin (2005), Encyclopedia of African History, New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Shoshan, Boaz (2002), David Morgan, ed., Popular Culture in Medieval Cairo, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Winter, Michael (1992), Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798, London: Routledge.
*Irene Beeson is a free lance correspondent for several British and Middle East newspapers and magazines.


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Seowon, Confucian Academies of Korea
Permanent Delegation of the Republic of Korea to UNESCO
Document Word
Les Listes indicatives des États parties sont publiées par le Centre du patrimoine mondial sur son site Internet et/ou dans les documents de travail afin de garantir la transparence et un accès aux informations et de faciliter l'harmonisation des Listes indicatives au niveau régional et sur le plan thématique.
Le contenu de chaque Liste indicative relève de la responsabilité exclusive de l'État partie concerné. La publication des Listes indicatives ne saurait être interprétée comme exprimant une prise de position de la part du Comité du patrimoine mondial, du Centre du patrimoine mondial ou du Secrétariat de l'UNESCO concernant le statut juridique d'un pays, d'un territoire, d'une ville, d'une zone ou de leurs frontières.
Les noms des biens figurent dans la langue dans laquelle les États parties les ont soumis.
Sosu Academy
151-2 Naejuk-ri, Sunheung-myeon, Yeongju-si City Gyeongsangbukdo Province
Namgye Academy
586-1 Wonpyeong-ri, Sudong-myeon, Hamyang-gun County, Gyeongsangnam-do Province
Oksan Academy
7 Oksan-ri, Gyeongju-si City, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province
Dosan Academy
154 Dosanseowon-gil, Dosan-myeon, Andong-si City, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province
Pilam Academy
378 Pilam-ri, Hwangnyong-myeon, Jangseong-gun County, Jeollanam-do Province
Dodong Academy
35 Dodong-ri, Guji-myeon, Dalseong-gun County, Daegu Metropolitan City
Byeongsan Academy
31 Byeongsan-ri, Pungcheon-myeon, Andong-si City, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province
Donam Academy
74 Im-ri, Yeonsan-myeon, Nonsan-si City, Chungcheongnam-do Province
Museong Academy
500 Museong-ri, Chilbo-myeon, Jeongeup-si City, Jeollabuk-do Province
Seowon, the submitting property, refers to private Confucian academies in Korea established during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) to serve memorial rites for noted Confucian sages as well as to educate the youth of the dominant ideology. Seowon, the local footholds of Joseon's neo-Confucian literati class, also served as the venue for discussion on state affairs and social management of the era. Seowon embodies the quintessence of the literari class, who governed Joseon society based on Confucianism, containing the key to understanding the Confucian culture of Joseon and the ruling class with the ideology.
Korea saw its first Confucian academy in 1543 (the 38th year of King Jungjong) when the then Magistrate of Punggi County, Ju Se-bung, built Baegungdong Seowon in Sunheung. In 1550, Baegundong Seowon was recognized by King Myeongjong and was awarded the nameplate of Sosu Seowon, becoming the first of many seowons to be recognized by the King. Currently, 637 academies remain in the Republic of Korea, and the nine properties among them, now submitting for nomination, are those in best condition with good management system, having high significant value as important historic sites.
The nine academies included in this nomination are these: Sosu Seowon (in Yeongju); Namgye Seowon (in Hamyang); Oksan Seowon (in Gyeongju); Dosan Seowon (in Andong); Pilam Seowon (in Jangseong); Dodong Seowon (in Dalseong); Byeongsan Seowon (in Andong); Donam Seowon (in Nonsan); and Museong Seowon (in Jeongeup).
Each of the nine seowons has the following characteristics.
Sosu Seowon, built in 1543, was the first seowon to be established in the Joseon Dynasty. It was established to revere An Hyang, the first person to import Confucianism into Korea from China in the late Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). The surrounding landscape of Sosu Seowon shows the typical seowon location, and is representative of the code of rituals and formalities of ancestral rituals.
Namgye Seowon was established in 1552. It is the first seowon to apply the typical Joseon Dynasty seowon spatial arrangement of placing the teaching area in front and the ritual area in the rear. It is representative of a seowon's function as a core venue for social education of its locals.
Oksan Seowon built in 1573 is known for its unique building arrangement. The entire layout conforms to the strict formality of Confucian decorum, taking the geometric style, but its main buildings stand facing the west instead of the south, the direction usually favored by Koreans, considering the harmony with its surrounding area. Along with its original purpose for education, the academy still functions as a major venue for clan activities of the descendents of the sage revered here.
Dosan Seowon was built in 1574 to honor Yi Hwang, the foremost Korean Confucianist philosopher of the age. It was constructed on the hill behind Dosan Seodang, a community school where Yi studied and taught disciples. The academy had its strength in the lecture of Neo-Confucianism.
Pilam Seowon, which exemplifies the architecture of Confucian academies constructed on the flat ground, was built in 1590. The academy functioned as a stronghold of the local politics that was connected to the central political arena, as well as a place for serving deceased scholars.
Byeongsan Seowon was established in 1613. It is noted for a picturesque landscape formed by the Nakdong River flowing in front and Mt. Byeong lying beyond the river. It displays the most typical architectural style of Korean Confucian academies, which seeks the "unity of heaven and human beings (天人合一)" ideology.
Donam Seowon was built in 1634. Kim Jang-saeng enshrined in this academy was one of Joseon's great scholars in the study of ritual. Seowon served as the cradle for discussion of the study of ritual in the Joseon Dynasty.
Museong Seowon was established at the center of a village in 1696 by a magistrate who wished to promote learning among the locals. It was known for its social education programs that emphasized rituals and music, the key elements which Confucianists should keep in mind by themselves at all times.
Justification de la Valeur Universelle Exceptionnelle
Seowon played an important role in establishing the teacher-student lineages of Neo-Confucianism in Korea, by functioning as a major venue for transmitting Neo-Confucian truth and teaching in Joseon society. In the academies, the "Study of Ritual" of Chinese scholar Zhu Xi was transformed fit for Korean society, based on which the country's own theory of ritual was established and developed thereafter. Seowon also internalized the tradition of moral philosophy that put its priority on perfection of character. It understood knowledge as a medium for realizing benevolence, a universal value, not for attaining a mere political power or worldly interests. They initiated and developed communities of knowledge joined by the neo-Confucian literati class in Joseon society. For individuals, it was the place to realize virtue in their minds and at the same time, to practice common virtue of the nation. The selection of sites of those academies were focused on the appropriateness of the land for practicing the "overcoming oneself to recover decorum (克己復禮)" and "unity of heaven and human beings (天人合一)." They feature unique landscapes in both their interior and exterior spatial arrangements along with their surrounding nature.Seowon is known for its rituals that keep taking their original form with high formality almost unchanged up to date, comparing with those other Confucian academies around East Asia. Seowon also took the major role in networking human resources and cultural activities in the region thereof. The circulation and diffusion of books and other publications were also centered in these academies, and each academy still houses the old printing woodblocks and published books. The academies are equipped with a wealth of intangible cultural heritage that display their history, education, rituals and documentary culture. They also identify the literari class's erudition and practice of virtue as well as history of the local and entire Korean culture.
ii) Since the establishment of neo-Confucianism in Joseon society, seowon had taken and retained its unique architectural style, highly suitable for diffusion of neo-Confucianism in the rural areas of Korea.
iii) The architectural style of seowon shows a testimony to the typical private education of Joseon society.
iv) The architectural style of seowon is distinct in its unique spatial composition being in harmony with nature. The front landscape of a seowon is typical of Neo-Confucian scenic beauty, reflecting the "unity of heaven and human beings" ideology, a concept that emphasizes the inseparable relationship between humans and nature.
vi) As the center of local culture and society, seowon produced a wealth of collections of literary works and publications. They served as the gathering place of intellects, where public opinions and sentiments were concentrated; as the place for social education, where rituals and lectures were provided; and finally, as libraries and publishers for local society.
Déclarations d'authenticité et/ou d'intégrité
Confucian rituals were formalized and practiced in seowon. As each academy has been managed at the national level as a state-designated Historic Site, the submitting buildings and their surrounding areas have successfully kept their authenticity until today. Seowon also played a pivotal role in social education based on which the spirit and culture of Neo-Confucianism were widely disseminated and established in Joseon society. The rules of decorum, the core value of Neo-Confucianism, were put in practice in various rituals of memorial rites, lecture and everyday life performed in seowon.
The original roles of seowon ranging from memorial rites to lecture and social education have continued up until today by local Confucian scholars still living in the nearby areas. Also, the land of properties and their surrounding landscape have been kept in good condition under the systematic management of the government.
As the properties have been designated and managed at the national level, each site has its surrounding protected area sufficient to preserve the core property. To avoid any damage derived from negative impacts of uncontrolled development and deterioration, the Korean government has established national and public management systems for effective protection of the properties.
Comparaison avec d'autres biens similaires
The submitting nine Confucian academies of Korea are regarded particularly best-preserved among those of its kind still remained in Korea. Compared to others located across the country, the nine academies reveal their obvious excellence in terms of outstanding universal value, authenticity and integrity.
Confucian academies were first built in China. Chinese academies are known to affect the similar institutions in its neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam, but the tradition in Japan and Vietnam has almost been cut off as of today. What makes the nine Korean Confucian academies distinctive compared to the equivalent of those in China are as follows:
Compared to Chinese academies that focus on lecture and study, Korean seowon puts their priority on social education and memorial rites for sages.
The Confucian memorial rituals especially for great scholars keep their original form only in Korean academies, while the tradition has already ceased in China.
Through these rituals, Korean seowon reveres the deceased sages' erudition and virtue, behavior and righteousness and played a significant role in social education to establish and disseminate the Confucian spirit and culture, which highly values the rules of decorum.
The spatial composition of Korean seowon does not accord to that of China, adopting its own type of layouts in harmony with nature.
While the Chinese buildings of seowon are arranged in strict symmetry, Korean seowon makes full use of their natural topographical features in laying out the buildings with high flexibility.


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Pre-Orders for Two DVDs from Harry Potter Ultimate Collector's Edition Now Available
Jul 13, 2009
HBP Film
Last week as we heard in New York from Potter producer David Heyman, there will be ultimate collector's editions of the Harry Potter films due out on Blu-ray and DVD. Tonight, Amazon.com has two discs in what is clearly labeled "ultimate collector's edition" available for pre-order: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, with the label reading "including 'Creating the World,' " and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, with that label on the cover reading "includes 'Creating the Characters.' " Please note: These do not have a release date yet available, it is possible these will be out around the same time as the Half-Blood Prince DVD, which as weve been reporting is due out December 7th. Stay tuned, more on these DVDs when can!
Thanks Kayla!


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