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From JmPm
March 15th, 2004 - First Jerusalem.PM meeting
Lectures: Efficient Sorting Creating a web crawler in 3 steps
April 19th, 2004
Lectures: IO::All Making your regular expressions efficient
May 23rd, 2004
Lectures: Creating Excel sheets with Perl Introduction to Perl XS
June 22nd, 2004
Lectures: Splitting filename into Components Flushing your output Lisp and Perl: An Introduction to Functional Programming
August 4th, 2004 (Originally July 28th)
Lectures: Perl Debugger Primer
August 25th, 2004
Lectures: Raw Data Engine - A Perl Generic Cure for a Perennial Problem
September 28th, 2004 Lectures: The Quality of CPAN Modules Date and time calculations Converting bitmap to sophisticated ascii file
October 27th, 2004
Lectures: Reinventing Dates Charsets to UTF - The Perl Way Introduction to Web Services
November 28th, 2004
Lectures: Forks & Signals Invoking External Functions (Unknown at Compile Time) Towers of Hanoi - Again GD and Imagemaps: Dynamic Web Imagery
December 29th, 2004
We will be raffling some cool stuff from ActiveState!
Lectures: Introduction to XSLT Online Payments
January 30th, 2005
Lectures: Perl based database table conversion Regular expression efficiency
December 11th, 2005
Lectures: Dates again Glimpses on Perl 6 Introduction to object oriented perl
Lectures: 1. Tk
2. Tangram Tour
lectures: 1. regex quiz
2. mod perl
lectures: 1. humor in perl
2. bioperl
lectures: 1. web 2.0 and AJAX
2. CGI toolbox
lecture Perl 6
lectures: 1. Using Eclipse as a Perl IDE
2. Implementing an HTTP Upload Meter in Perl (and more)
1. Using regular expressions for simple linguistic processing
2. All sorts of sorts
1. Closures
2. An XML-RPC Server using Perl
1. Calling Java from Perl and Perl from Java
2. First Annual Jerusalem Perl Mongers Contest
1. LWP and the world of Metadata
1. Linguistic processing with regular expressions
2. MARC modules for libraries
1. Tricks for Web Builders
2. Web Services and Perl
1. Breaking down the Web into Smaller Pieces
2. A Hash Cookbook
1. Accepting payments online with PayPal and Perl
2. Stop leaks with Devel::Events - Extensible instrumentation framework
1. Test Driven Development
2. Perl::Critic
2. The Perl Community, Perl Monks and a few extras
1. Aspect Oriented Programming
2. Data Modification with XML: An Example
1. HTML table input – playing with CGI and Javasript
2. Jerusalem Perl Mongers Annual contest
2. An example for extending a command - line program with Perl/Tk
1. Perl 5.10
2. Perl debugging
The new Padre IDE for Perl and how to write cross platform desktop GUI application using wxPerl
1. On the Subject of Objects
2. Date calculations using the datetime suite - David Gang
1. Log4Perl ...and more...
2. the 'Balanced' module (extracting delimited substrings)
1. Design Patterns in Perl
2. Perl Celebs
1. There are Too Many Ways to Do it
2. What is wrong with Perl and what can be done about it
1. PHP and Perl
2. JQuery and Perl
3. Regex Machine
1. Cookies and Session IDs
2. XPath
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I'm considering refractive surgery (PRK) to correct my nearsightness and am wondering how long I would have to take off from work to recover. From what I've read it's at least a week.
Would I be able to function at work after a week, when I'm on the computer all day?
The time frame for recovery is my main concern in my decision making to have Lasik or PRK. So far every person, I know who has had Lasik are thrilled with the results and would do it again. However, from reading posts on this forum a lot of people prefer PRK

subset: commoncrawl


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|Games2Jolly White Man Rescue Escape FOREST ESCAPE
|Live Escape
|Games2Jolly White Man Rescue Escape
|Games2Jolly - G2J White Man Rescue Escape is another point and click escape game developed by Games 2 Jolly. We know that you are a great fan of escape games but that doesn't mean you should not like puzzles. So, here we present you this puzzle escape game, a cocktail with an essence of both puzzles and escape tricks. Good luck and have fun!
The place was very intimidating to see. People are afraid to go to that place. Why was there a dragula in that place. But that dragula is a very quiet..
It's the time to use your observing skills to discover the hidden objects in this game. Find the hidden objects in this Classic Kitchen within the tim..
imagine that you have been locked inside of this reformed house and you have to find the key and escape. You can find useful stuffs and interesting c..
You woke up all alone on the moon! Look around and see if you can figure out how to escape!!! Good luck! Good luck and have fun!
A baby tennis player lives in a beautiful small town. That baby tennis player was very active and beautiful. The baby tennis player was playing in a p..
In this game to escape from this house. Assume that somebody locked you need to move out of the house. They need help now. Click on the objects to int..
In this escape game, you came for research in an abandoned place. But unfortunately, you noticed that someone trapped a cobra in this place. You have ..
A lovely penguin lived in a forest near a palace. The lovely penguin went through the palace to find food. The lovely penguin was then stuck in the pa..
A smart cute girl was walking on a street to her place. Someone suddenly hit her on the back of her head and she fallen collapsed. When she opened he..
A summer girl is lived in a beautiful river village near to the forest. That summer girl was there to keep the village safe. One day, the summer girl ..
In this game, you are locked in a kids room and you have to try to escape the kids room by finding items and solving puzzles. Show your best escaping..
Assume that you are trapped in the chalet house and you try to find the key for chalet house by using objects, key, hints and by solving puzzles. Can ..
Note: The Google Chrome browser comes with the Flash player pre-installed automatically. I recommend Chrome as a secure browser to use when playing flash games online.
WowEscape.com is a specialised developer and publisher of escape games. Ever imagined being locked in a room and challenged to break out using nothing but your brainpower? Escape game, is a type of point-and-click adventure game which requires a player to escape from a place, house or room by utilizing the objects in that surroundings. On WowEscape.com you can find all type of escape games for all kind of people! We have a massive selection of best free online escape games! Wowescape.com is the first website to release all the new escape games daily. We make every effort to offer the best escape games for the escape gaming audience. WowEscape.com is a safe website to visit, as our website is also easy to use, and we mainly include games that meet the varied demands of the escape gaming audience. In short, we offer top best online escape games that have been appreciated from the gaming community and from the experts. You can also give suggestions for us through contact us link to keep improving the quality of the games and website. With a team of highly professional and experienced creative art production and programming teams, we are delivering the finest online escape games to the world. We are devoted to excel in our services and work towards delivering high quality escape games. We intensively support as well as encourage our users and game companies to download, and use our games for their pleasure and business purposes.


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Read the original article in Oregon Business here.
Our lives are surrounded by regulations to influence behavior, from not smoking in public places to not polluting waterways and being civil in public. Usually, a violation of these regulations is associated with a fine or a tax to discourage greater use, as in the cigarette tax.
The fines and taxes serve two purposes: 1) to discourage an unwanted behavior and 2) to generate revenue that funds the operation of public services, such as police and fire departments.
In a very broad sense, our society fines and taxes undesirable behavior and uses the funds to promote behavior we do want, such as safety on our streets and fire prevention for our homes.
When it comes to climate change, we also have a number of regulations to stop or discourage behavior that may lead to global warming. Violations of these regulations have fines associated with them. However, unlike the cigarette tax, there is no price or cost placed on emitting carbon. Furthermore, we are missing the second part of using the funds to promote behavior we do want.
A properly designed carbon tax can get us there.
In March 2013, we released our report Carbon Tax and Shift: How to Make it Work for Oregon's Economy which models one way of reducing carbon emissions while also assisting businesses and households by reducing distortionary income taxes and potentially generating revenue for the st
In 2008, British Columbia instituted a revenue-neutral carbon tax of $10/ton CO2e which has risen to its current cap of $30/ton CO2e. Results of the tax are still preliminary, but evidence suggests that BC has reduced emissions more than the rest of Canada while enjoying slightly higher GDP growth than the other provinces.
The revenue has been repatriated back into the economy primarily through cuts to corporate and personal income tax rates. As a result, BC now has the lowest corporate income tax rate in the OECD. In our review of carbon pricing schemes, BC stood out for the ease with which its program was implemented as well as the environmental benefits without negatively impacted the larger economy.
We estimated the net economic and environmental impacts of bringing this system to Oregon. While our research is preliminary, we find that there is a way to decrease CO2e emissions in Oregon while having a small, positive effect on Oregon employment. Our study models several different carbon prices, but we decided to use a price of $60/ton CO2e in our full scenario estimates.
When deciding how to repatriate carbon tax revenues, there is a tradeoff between equity and efficiency. A successful program will need to distribute the burden of the tax fairly, while also preventing adverse economic effects. During our simulations, we found that corporate income tax cuts are key for economic efficiency. If all of the revenue is devoted to corporate income tax cuts, the Oregon economy has the largest employment growth but fails to produce equitable outcomes. Because low-income households spend more of their income on energy, measures must be put in place to reduce the regressiveness of the tax.
Exempting low-income households would severely weaken the carbon price signal; instead, we suggest returning funds to low-income households either quarterly or annually through a greater decrease in the income tax rate, tax credits or subsidies. In addition to being ethically justified, giving extra relief to low-income households also leads to greater economic growth.
After running dozens of scenarios, we arrive at two preferred repatriation schemes. Both devote a majority of revenues to corporate income tax cuts, and include low-income household relief to ensure equitable outcomes. They differ in the amount of revenue set aside for targeted reinvestment. In one scenario, 10% of revenues are set aside for industrial energy efficiency projects. In the other 25% of revenues are used for industrial and residential energy efficiency, as well as transportation infrastructure. The outcomes differ in the amount of jobs created, as well as the distribution of the tax burden. In all of our scenarios, we find net changes in employment that corresponds to a fraction of 1% of Oregon employment.
We still have work left to do before a carbon tax could be implemented. Impacts on industry sectors and households need to be estimated in finer detail. A method for applying carbon pricing to imported electricity that is both economically valid and legally viable needs to be devised.
Between the experience in BC and the results of our research, we can avoid the trade-off between doing what is right for the environment and what is right for the economy. It would be ideal if carbon pricing was adopted on a national or regional level, but it could be adopted locally.
There will be winners and losers in any scenario, but with carefully-designed repatriation methods we can reduce what we do not want — carbon emissions — while promoting want we do want – a healthy economy and job creation.
Thomas Potiowsky, Jenny Liu, and Jeff Renfro are researchers at Portland State University's Northwest Economic Research Center.


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Applied linear regression models
Irwin, 1989 - Mathematics - 667 pages
Applied Linear Regression Models was listed in the newsletter of the Decision Sciences Institute as a classic in its field and a text that should be on every member's shelf. The third edition continues this tradition. It is a successful blend of theory and application. The authors have taken an applied approach, and emphasize understanding concepts; this text demonstrates their approach trough worked-out examples. Sufficient theory is provided so that applications of regression analysis can be carried out with understanding. John Neter is past president of the Decision Science Institute, and Michael Kutner is a top statistician in the health and life sciences area. Applied Linear Regression Models should be sold into the one-term course that focuses on regression models and applications. This is likely to be required for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in allied health, business, economics, and life sciences.
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Some Basic Results in Probability and Statistics
Populations 7
Inferences in Regression Analysis
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Common terms and phrases
appropriate Bonferroni box plot Calculate column conclusion confidence interval Cook's distance decision rule degrees of freedom denoted DFFITS effect error sum error terms error variances estimated regression coefficients estimated regression function estimated standard deviations expected values extra sums family confidence coefficient Figure fitted regression function fitted values gression Hence independent variables indicator variables interval estimate least squares estimates linear regression model mean response mean squared measure multicollinearity nonlinear regression normal error normal probability plot Note observations Obtain the residuals outlying P-value parameters percent confidence interval polynomial prediction interval Problem procedure quadratic reduced model Refer regres regression analysis regression line regression model 3.1 regression relation residual plot response function response surface sample scatter plot simple linear regression SSTO subset sum of squares Table test statistic tion transformation variance-covariance matrix vector weighted least squares Westwood Company example zero


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Tax Law Bylaws
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§1.1 Name.
The name of the section shall be the Tax Section, hereinafter referred to as the "section," of the Tennessee Bar Association (TBA).
§1.2 Purpose.
The purpose of this section shall be to assist the lawyer engaged in the practice of the law of taxation, to enhance his/her role, to broaden his/her knowledge, and to increase his/her skill through the dissemination of information and material on subjects of interest and concern to him/her and to provide a medium through which such lawyers may cooperate, encourage, and assist each other in the solution of problems common to their practice of law in these areas to the mutual benefit and improvement of the members of the section,the practice of law, the substantive law itself, and its just administration.
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Article II
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Any member of the TBA, upon proper application accompanied by advance payment of annual dues for the current year, shall be enrolled as a member of the section. The annual dues of the section shall be $20 and payable to the TBA at its headquarters in Nashville. Annual dues shall be paid in advance and are payable in full on the first day of July of each year for the 12-month period beginning on that date. The name of any person whose annual dues shall be more than six months past due shall be dropped from the roll of the section. Those members of the TBA whose names are carried on the rolls of the section and whose annual dues are paid in full in advance shall constitute the membership of the section.
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§3.1 Officers
The officers of the section shall be a chair, vice chair and a secretary.
§3.2 Council.
There shall be a council which shall consist of no less that six and no greater than nine members which includes the officers of the section. The outgoing chair shall continue to serve on the council for one year.
§3.3 Committees.
The following standing committees of the section may be established from time to time as determined by the council: Nominations, Budget, Newsletter, Tax Legislative, Continuing Legal Education (CLE) and IRS and Department of Revenue Liaison. The council may establish such other committees and for such terms as it deems necessary. The chair of the section shall annually appoint members of the council to serve as chairs of the standing committees and each committee chair shall appoint members of his/her respective committee. If it is anticipated that the chair of the section shall serve on the Nominations Committee.
Article IV
Duties and Responsibilities of Officers
§4.1 Chair.
The chair, or successively, the vice chair or secretary in the absence of the chair, shall preside at all meetings of the section and of the council. He/She shall formulate and present at each annual meeting of the TBA a report of the work of the section for the then-ending year. He/She shall plan and superintend all activities of the section during his/her term in office, subject to the direction and approval of the council. He/She shall call meetings of the council when in his/her discretion such meetings are required or when at least three members of the council request him/her in writing to do so. He/She shall perform all other such duties and acts as usually pertain to the office of president or chair of an association or organization or as may be designated by the council.
§4.2 Vice Chair.
The vice chair shall aid the chair in the performance of his/her responsibilities in such a manner and to such an extent as the chair may request. He shall perform other such duties and have such other powers as usually pertain to the office of vice chair or vice president or as may be designated by the chair or the council. In case of a death, resignation or disability of the chair, the vice chair shall perform the duties of the chair for the remainder of that chair's term of office or for the duration of the disability, as the case may be.
§4.3 Secretary.
The secretary, or a TBA staff member at the direction of the secretary, shall see to the publication of appropriate notices of all meetings and shall keep a record of the proceedings thereof.
The secretary shall assist the other officers of the section in such manner and to such extent as they may request and shall be the custodian of all books, papers, documents and other properties of the section.
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The council shall establish such policies of the section as it may determine which are not inconsistent with any policy of the TBA. It shall hear all reports of the officers and committees of the section and shall hear, consider and act upon such resolutions and matters presented to it which pertain to the activities of the section.
§5.2 Quorum.
The council shall act by majority vote of those present, provided that a quorum shall consist of not less than four members.
§5.3 Vote.
Members of the council when personally present at a meeting of the council shall vote in person, though when absent may communicate their vote in writing or by telecommunication or electronic mail, on any proposition to the secretary and have it counted, with the same effect as if they were personally present at such meeting.
§5.4 Propositions.
The chair of the section may, and upon written request of three members of the council shall, submit or call to be submitted in writing, to each of the members of the council, any proposition upon which the council may be authorized to act, and the members of the council may vote upon such propositions so submitted, by communicating their vote thereon, in writing, over their respective signatures to the secretary, who shall record in the minutes each proposition so submitted, when, how, and to whose request the same was submitted, and the vote of each member of the council thereon, and keep on file such written and signed vote. If the votes of a majority of the members of the council so recorded shall be in favor of such proposition or if a majority shall be against such proposition, such majority vote shall constitute the binding action of the council.
Article VI
Section Meetings
§6.1 Annual.
The annual meeting of the section may be held during the annual meeting of the TBA, in the same city or place as such annual meeting of the TBA or in such other city as determined by the council and with such program and order of business as may be arranged under the direction of the chair and the council or a committee thereof.
§6.2 Council Meetings.
Meetings of the council may be called by the chair or by a minimum of three members of the council at such time and place requested. Meetings may be held by any form of telecommunication.
§6.3 Special Meetings of Section.
Special meetings of the section may be called by the chair at such time and place, and for such purpose as may be approved by the council. Meetings may be held by any form of telecommunication.
§6.4 Quorum.
The members of the section present at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
§6.5 Vote.
All binding action of the section shall be by a majority vote of the members present.
§6.6 Mail Vote.
The council may direct that a matter be submitted to the members of the section for a vote by mail, telecommunication or electronic mail. Such mailing, telecommunication or electronic mail may be included in other written or printed material which is being distributed by mail to all of the members of the TBA or any part thereof which is inclusive of all the members of the section. In such event, binding action of the section shall be by a majority of the votes received in accordance with the rules fixed by the council.
Article VII
§7.1 General.
The council members annually at a meeting called for such purpose shall elect the chair. The council shall also at such meeting elect the section's officers from among the council members. The council shall use its best efforts to cause atleast two members of the counciltobe from each of the three Grand Divisions of the state. The council shall have staggered three-year terms, with the term of at least two council members expiring each year. Council members may be re-elected. Officers may be re-elected or elected for one-year terms. Elections of council members and officers shall be by a majority vote of the council members present at the council meeting called for purposes of electing the council members and officers after being nominated by the Nominations Committee or from the floor.
§7.2 Vacancies.
If any office shall become vacant such office shall be filled by the council for the portion of the term remaining.
Article VIII
Either an affirmative vote of a majority of the members present at a meeting of the section or a majority of the council members present at a meeting may amend these bylaws. Any amendment to be considered at a meeting must be submitted in writing to either all of the members of the section or all of the council members at least 10 days before the start of such meeting. Any amendment so adopted shall become effective only to the extent that it is not inconsistent with the constitution and bylaws of the TBA.
Article IX
Miscellaneous Provisions
§9.1 Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year of the section shall be the same as that of the TBA.
§9.2 Disbursements.
No invoice, statement, or other evidence of expenditure on behalf of the section shall be paid without having been approved by the chair or secretary of the section.
§9.3 Tennessee Bar Association.
No action by this section shall become effective as the action of the TBA until it is approved by the TBA Board of Governors. Any resolution adopted or action taken by the council or this section may, on request of the council or this section, be reported by the chair of the section to the TBA Board of Governors or to the annual meeting of the TBA for action thereon.
§9.4 Approval.
These bylaws and any amendments shall become effective upon the approval of a majority of those present at a meeting of the section and upon final approval by the TBA's Board of Governors.
Approved: June 17, 2006.| TBA Law Blog


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We've known since September that "12 Years a Slave," "Gravity" and "Captain Phillips" would be prime players in this year's best picture Oscar race. And when David O. Russell's fizzy con artist story "American Hustle" scored with critics and film academy members early last month, it earned a solid place among the contenders as well.
Thursday's Producers Guild of America feature film nominations provided a measure of clarity to the movies that might fill out the back end of the academy's best picture ballot. In addition to the quartet of films already mentioned, PGA voters nominated "Blue Jasmine," "Dallas Buyers Club," "Her," "Nebraska," "Saving Mr. Banks" and "The Wolf of Wall Street."
Among the notable contenders left out: the Coen brothers' period folk music film "Inside Llewyn Davis" and the historical drama "Lee Daniels' The Butler," a movie that Screen Actors Guild voters recognized last month as one of the year's best movie ensembles.
Will the PGA's 10 nominees line up with the academy's picks? Last year, Oscar voters nominated nine movies for best picture. (The category can range from five to 10 nominees, with the preferential voting system's math making it unlikely that the maximum number can be reached.) The academy bypassed two 2013 PGA nominees -- Wes Anderson's "Moonrise Kingdom" and the critically acclaimed James Bond movie "Skyfall" -- in favor of Michael Haneke's wrenching, French-language drama "Amour."
Since the academy expanded the best picture race from five to the now potential 10 best picture nominees and the Producers Guild followed suit, 32 of the 40 PGA nominees went on to earn Oscar nominations. The PGA winner ended up taking the academy's best picture prize 17 of 24 times, including the last six years in a row.
The PGA-nominated movies most on the bubble this year are probably Woody Allen's "Blue Jasmine," the AIDS drama "Dallas Buyers Club" and Spike Jonze's quirky romance "Her." One of those three probably will fall victim to the numbers game. Then it's a question of whether "Llewyn Davis" and "The Butler" have enough passionate supporters -- voters who love the films enough to place them in the No. 1 or 2 slots on their ballots, the spots that really matter in a weighted, preferential voting system -- to supplant another one of the PGA titles.
History is on the Coens' side here. Though PGA voters ignored their 2009 movie, "A Serious Man," it went on to earn a best picture Oscar nomination. The filmmakers have a strong contingent of loyal fans in the academy, the kind of die-hard patrons who'd put "Llewyn Davis" in the top spot on their ballot.
You could make a case that Jonze has developed that same kind of following. And "Dallas Buyers Club," which earned three SAG nominations, certainly seems to have its fans as well. Then again, "Dreamgirls" picked up PGA and SAG ensemble nominations, but failed to receive a best picture nod in 2007. So, "Dallas' " place at the table isn't quite secure.
The Producers Guild Awards will be held Jan. 19 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. Lori McCreary and Michael DeLuca serve as co-chairs for the show, which is not televised.


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Product Description
Welcome to Los Angeles, the City of Angels, where traffic never stops, people never sleep, and wonders never cease.
It's a brilliant plan, if Kemp McAvoy says so himself—and Kemp never hesitates to point out his own brilliance. Kemp is a night nurse for a beautiful but aging movie star in a medically induced coma. And with the help of her agent and a struggling young publisher, he's concocted a can't-fail scheme that will make them all rich.
Olivia Hayden is about to receive a heavenly visitor—an angel with a message for all humankind. All it takes is a blinding light and little adjustment of her meds, and when she awakes she'll think it was real—and they'll have an instant best-selling book.
The scheme seems foolproof. All they have to do for it to work is be good angels and stay out of trouble. But Kemp McAvoy has never been good at staying out of trouble—and he doesn't realize there may be out-of-this-world consequences for impersonating an angel.
From award-winning author Tim Downs comes this warm-hearted story of mistaken identity and unlikely redemption that will have you both laughing and looking at life from a higher perspective.


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Lady Gaga to Release 'Heavy Metal Lover' as Next Single, Perform at Grammys
Good news little monsters. Lady Gaga will be releasing a sixth single from 'Born This Way' and it appears that she, her team and her handlers have selected 'Heavy Metal Lover' as the next focus track.
Can you believe that Gaga's already pumped out six singles? 'BTW' hasn't even been out a year yet and she's already cycled through a half-dozen hits. The news was reported by a French music site, unearthed by Oh No They Didn't!
'Heavy Metal Lover' is one of the most synth heavy tunes on the record, with Gaga delivering her lyrics in a robotic tone over a cornucopia of beats. It's quite a dance-oriented banger, and is more reminiscent of tracks on 'The Fame.' Club hoppers, you ready? Gaga is about to invade those dancefloors with 'Heavy Metal Lover.'
Also, we recently reported a rumor that was floating around, suggesting that Gaga would both open and close the Grammys, despite no official confirmation from the people planning the show, pulling triggers and making decisions. Fast forward a few days and still no announcement regarding Gaga's participation. Now, ONTD! claims Gaga is set to open the 54th annual Grammys on Feb. 12.
Given last's year egg entrance on the red carpet, Gaga will have to come up with something big and bold to top herself. If anyone's up for that challenge, it's Ma Monster.


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Tuesday, August 26, 2008
I Smell Pigskin
Now off to a meme that Steph tagged me with and since it' s been awhile since I did one.
The rules:
1. Link to the person who tagged you.
2. Mention the rules.
3. Tell six unspectacular quirks of yours.
4. Tag six bloggers by linking.
5. Leave a comment for each blogger.
This isn't an easy chore since by now I've discussed most of my quirks, but here goes anyway. I'm keeping to a single theme.
1. I'm a mean video game football player. Madden or NCAA football by EA sports. Go ahead challenge but I'll warn you I like to run up the score, yes even on my seven year old. I have no mercy when the controller is in my sweaty palm.
2. I play fantasy football and have every year since 1991. Yes I am one of those guys.
3. Despite my tenure as a high school football ref I continue to curse the refs whenever I feel they have slighted either my beloved Nebraska Cornhusker or New Orleans Saints.
4. I once heckled Deion Sanders from the top tier of the Superdome. He played for the Cowboys at the time and the place was virtually empty. He was out there long before the other players to test his sore toe and I was fueled by one too many Blackened Voodoo Dixie Lagers and I harassed him until he shot me the bird. I was satisfied once I knew he'd heard my robust critique.
5. Back in my younger days I sued to wager as much as $1500 dollars a weekend on college and pro football. and this was at a time when I only earned a fourth that much each week. Those were in the days I worked at the feed store and I stopped when my boss, who bet twice what I did, got subpoenaed after our bookie was arrested.
6. While in Vegas last week I bet a whopping ten dollars on the Saints to win the Superbowl this year. Should they actually pull that off I'll get $160 dollars back.
So tell me, are you a football fan? College, NFL, or both? Who do you root for?
26 comments:
- Steph said...
Hey, thanks for playing! I think it's awesome that Deion Sanders flipped you the bird! I'd be proud of that, myself.
To answer the question you left at the end, no I'm not a football fan, but I cheered on the Miami University Redhawks when I went to school there. When I head back to western PA, I'm gonna have to pretend I'm a Steelers fan again, but I really couldn't care less. I watch the Superbowl exclusively for the commercials.
- August 26, 2008 at 3:37 PM
- Jenster said...
Good luck with your new position!!!
- August 26, 2008 at 3:53 PM
- March to the Sea said...
i married an alum of University of Michigan..so sort of by default I root for them..any anyone that beats the ever loving freaking tar out of Ohio State.
- August 26, 2008 at 4:04 PM
- Linda McLaughlin said...
Travis, hope you enjoy the coaching. Second graders should be fun.
I'm not a big football fan, though I prefer college ball over the pros. Since I'm a UT grad, I have to cheer for the Longhorns and my hubby's Crimson Tide. Prefer UCLA to USC as far as local teams go.
- August 26, 2008 at 5:07 PM
- yellowdog granny said...
i love college football..well, i love football and you already know i love my cowboys..but i love the baylor bears and every since i started following gramham from high school and he went to texas tec i have been rooting for them..
- August 26, 2008 at 6:40 PM
- yellowdog granny said...
oh..congratulations on your new super cool job...I always wanted to be a football coach..
- August 26, 2008 at 6:40 PM
- Beth said...
Hey, Coach, I love your view as to a successful season - everyone smiling after the last game. Better yet, after every game!
Hope your debut went well.
- August 26, 2008 at 7:13 PM
- Travis said...
Congrats on the head coaching gig. I helped coach 10-12 year olds one year for a buddy of mine. I handled the defense. It was fun.
I am a major football fan, mostly pro but I enjoy the college game as well. I usually blog all day on Sunday while I'm watching the games.
I don't do fantasy football. I can't bring myself to draft a player I don't like, or root for teams I don't like to do well.
Have fun!
- August 26, 2008 at 9:37 PM
- Charles Gramlich said...
Big, big fan, of course. Saints for sure. I also like Indianpolis and generally the Raiders. Like Green Bay.
In college, it's the University of Arkansas Razorbacks. Whooooo pig, sooieee, Razorbacks. I'll root for Nebraska a lot because a good friend does.
- August 27, 2008 at 12:08 AM
- Vodka Mom said...
GO PENN STATE! (yeah, I go for the tailgates, but I STAY for the football.)
- August 27, 2008 at 5:19 AM
- the walking man said...
Travis not a sports fan in general. Call it a left over bit of rebellion from my youth...but I found #4 to be funny as all get out. Oh to be heard...it's a wonderful thing.
- August 27, 2008 at 5:53 AM
- Bubblewench said...
NFL - Eagles - go figure.. I do Fantasy football too and my team this year is.. Pillage Idiots.
Not so big on college though. Boring.
- August 27, 2008 at 6:01 AM
- B.E. Sanderson said...
I love football. I've been jones'n for it since May and now that it's here, I'm feeling much better. NFL's good, but I'm more of a college fan. I can't wait for the season to begin there. For me, it's the University of Michigan (and I'm with March to the Sea - anyone who beats Ohio State is dandy in my book). I'll also root for Florida State - as long as they aren't playing Michigan in some bowl game or other - because I lived in Tallahassee for a while. On the pro scene, my favorite teams are the Packers, the Colts and the Steelers. But my heart bleeds blue & gold. *sigh* Here's hoping with all the changes the Wolverines have a good season this year.
- August 27, 2008 at 7:47 AM
- Danette Haworth said...
Not related to your post, but, oh my gosh, Travis, I just read your short story, The Simplest of Sounds. What a powerful story. I congratulate you on building up such suspense and tension in such a short amount of words. Excellent work!
- August 27, 2008 at 8:24 AM
Congrats on being named Coach! That's awesome!
I'm a Saints fan through and through! Geaux SAINTS!
- August 27, 2008 at 9:14 AM
- grace said...
I love football. :)
I was a Niners fan back when I lived in the SF bay area (back when they were good--with Steve Young and Jerry Rice and Dana Stubbelfield) but when we moved away and they got bad (related events, I'm sure) I sort of lost interest. I still like the sport, though.
Last superbowl, I had HOCKEY PRACTICE during the game, but we got out just in time to see the final field kick on the screen in the rink's lobby. I was dancing around halfway dressed in hockey gear. :)
- August 27, 2008 at 9:23 AM
- Tee said...
Not a fan of American football in any form but I like football soccer very much.
Anyway, I hope you have fun!
- August 27, 2008 at 11:09 AM
- Merry Monteleone said...
I'm not a football fan, but everyone around me is. I think you already know I'm a baseball person...
Hubby plays fantasy football and their draft is at my house on monday... this year I caught a break, they usually have it here the night before the first day of school.
My oldest son plays, too. He's eight and plays in a travel league, and he loves it - so I'm learning as I go. I asked if he wanted to play the flag football, too, but he wasn't interested. He didn't see the point if he didn't get to tackle people.
He likes defense and the offensive line. What's really weird is he is the sweetest kid you'll ever meet. He hugs teachers and other parents just because (always women now that I think of it so maybe that does have something to do with high testosterone).
- August 27, 2008 at 11:40 AM
- Lana Gramlich said...
I ask you--how can a ref possibly "slight" a team that sucks as badly as the Saints, really?
Good luck with the coaching. I bet that'll be fun.
- August 27, 2008 at 3:42 PM
- Lexi said...
Hey, Coach! I'm a HUGE football fan. Since I grew up in RI, I'm a Patriots fan. Since I moved to TX, I'm also a Longhorns fan. (I actually LOVE "the other" football too.)
- August 27, 2008 at 6:17 PM
- sex scenes at starbucks said...
Kansas University--20 years in the making, and the Broncos, baby.
We might not win a game, but I'll consider the season a success if everyone is smiling after the last game.
You and I have the exact same view of sports for kids.
So you coming to the conference or what??? It's smaller attendence this year--more chance at the editors and agents.
- August 28, 2008 at 9:51 AM
- Bina said...
Okay, I laughed my butt off on #4. That is TOO freaking funny! I have NEVER known anyone else that has done that.
You rock!
- August 28, 2008 at 2:33 PM
- Bina said...
By the way, my neighbor is a HUGE Nebraska fan. Has the flag on a pole on his porch, his sons have jerseys (they are 2 & 5) and he goes ALL OUT!
Me, I'm more of an NFL, but I don't mind watching the Vol's or Ohio State play.
- August 28, 2008 at 2:34 PM
- Monnik said...
I'm behind on posts... I'm so excited for football! Can't wait to hear about your 2nd graders' football season!
those odds against the saints aren't as bad as I'd have guessed.
"Go ahead challenge but I'll warn you I like to run up the score, yes even on my seven year old. I have no mercy when the controller is in my sweaty palm."
I do this with my son when we play chess. I can't help it - I always start off saying I'll let him win, then I go for the jugular and have him in check mate. muahahaha...
- August 28, 2008 at 4:09 PM
- Georgie B said...
I do pro football, New England Patriots.
To me college football is a waste most of the time (live in CT with an overrated UCONN football team), but I decided to follow Temple this year, only because a good friend of mine's nephew is a co-captain on the defensive line.
- August 30, 2008 at 6:55 PM
- Junosmom said...
Baseball! I grew up with the Cincinnati Reds at their pinnacle. Johnny Bench, Pete Rose and all that.
Now, I find myself living in college football territory and I just can't get into it. I may need therapy.
- August 31, 2008 at 8:50 PM


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We are delighted to announce the lucky winners of The King William Easter Colouring Competition 2013. Thank you to all budding young artists for taking part. The number of colouring pages to judge was immense and proved a tough job on our panel of judges.
Congratulations to Emily C. who has been voted best over 6 year old colourer, and to Olivia K. for best under 6 colourer. Your fabulous work was unanimously selected by our panel of judges and is displayed in the King William for all to enjoy.
Very well done to Olivia, (see photograph) who proudly shows her winning entry & prize of an Easter basket full of chocolate & Easter crafts goodies.


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Emil Andreas Horgen (1889–1954)
Emil Andreas Horgen graduated from the naval academy in 1912 and then trained as a military pilot both in Norway and England. He was a reserve pilot on Roald Amundsen's N24/25 expedition in 1925 and was engaged for the airship Norge flight in 1926 as rudder operator and navigation assistant. He and others of the Norwegian crew were in Rome for 1½ months for training by Umberto Nobile and his men before the Norge left there for Svalbard.
In 1928 he should have been on the Latham plane that was to search for the missing crew of the airship Italia, but he did not go as his wife was about to give birth to their child.
Horgen left the navy in 1936. He was called in again as second-in-command on the armoured ship Norge in 1940, but was on leave when the Germans invaded 9 April 1940. He was imprisoned by the Germans, but owing to bad health he was released before the Norwegian officers were sent to prisons in Poland. He left the navy as a captain in 1945.


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William Wellman Jr. as Charlie Evans
Rangy, sturdy-looking actor William Wellman Jr. portrays Charlie Evans from the original series episode âCharlie X.â Wellman was born in Los Angeles on January 20, 1937, one of seven children born to legendary director William âWild Billâ Wellman and his fifth wife, one-time actress Dorothy Coonan Wellman, who appeared in a few of her husband's pictures.Bill Jr. spent most of his childhood surround by Hollywood celebrities, including Gary Cooper, Tyrone Power, Henry Fonda, Carole Lombard, Frank Capra, Lana Turner, and Peter Lawford. His first girlfriend was Jane Fonda. Following graduation, he attended Duke University but eventually abandoned that direction for a career in the movies.
Starting off at age 19 in featured parts in the war pictures Lafayette Escadrille (1958) and Darby's Rangers (1958), both of which directed by his father, Bill Jr. also found other work on his own. Some of the teen exploitation he found himself in have since attained cult status, including High School Confidential! (1958), Macumba Love (1960) and College Confidential (1960). "Billy Jack" director Tom Laughlin also began using Bill prominently in his early work such as Like Father Like Son (1961) and The Born Losers (1967). He also managed to find some unbilled bits in several of Jerry Lewis' film slapstick of the 1960s, and fell in with the party crowd in A Swingin' Affair (1963), Winter A-Go-Go (1965) and A Swingin' Summer (1965). His TV career kicked in as the 1960s approached with a number of rugged guest roles on such established westerns as "Have Gun, Will Travel," "Rawhide," "Laramie" and "Gunsmoke." Throughout those years, he worked regularly in movies, television, stage, commercials and print modeling.
In later years, Bill found work in a few more cult classics, including Black Caesar (1973), It's Alive (1974/I), and Laughlin's "Billy Jack" sequels. Establishing himself as a solid character actor, he took the lead in the apocalypse thrillers Image of the Beast (1980) and The Prodigal Planet (1983), the latter featuring daughter Cathy Wellman. Bill has managed longevity and durability in a very difficult business. He is credited with nearly 200 movies and television shows, 17 stage productions and some 200 commercial and industrial films. In 1981, he was awarded the Best Actor of The Year by the Christian Film Distributors for Heartland's BROTHER ENEMY. He was nominated again in 1982 for Mark IV Pictures' THE PRODIGAL PLANET. He has occasionally appeared as a guest lecturer and has been active at autograph conventions. Of his many siblings, sister Cissy Wellman has also established herself on stage, film and TV.
Wellman portrayed a Bajoran Officer in the DS9 episode "Favor the Bold."
Biography courtesy of www.imdb.com & http://www.startrek.com/


text: We hope that the content on this website will help you in making the right decision for your child and your family. After you have explored the website and our rigorous classical trivium approach, come see it for yourself. Contact Ms. Good at email@example.com or call 763-496-1416 to visit the school.


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Calling it a national security breach, Texas Agriculture Commissioner Todd Staples says violent crime is bleeding across the Texas/Mexican border and accuses Washington of turning its back on a growing problem that threatens the security of the nation and the safety of every Texan.
Staples delivered the keynote address at the Angelo State University Narco-Terrorism Conference Aug. 21 and introduced a 16-part video series focusing on what he termed a growing problem of narco-terrorists expanding armed and violet incursions into Texas.
"Federal officials in Washington can no longer deny violence in Mexico is flowing into the United States," Staples told participants at the conference. "These brazen transnational criminal organizations are using terrorism to smuggle drugs and people through our Texas farms and ranches. The violence is not only taking place along the Rio Grande River, but also on property 50 or 60 miles north of the border."
Staples said Mexican drug cartels have chosen Texas as a primary point of entry to illegally smuggle drugs and humans into the U.S. and he says such incursions often involve violent crimes against foreign citizens who pay cartel "coyotes" to bring them into the United States, and he also charges the cartels with crimes against rural Americans.
"Our citizens are finding human remains in their fields along with drugs and cut fences," Staples told the group. "There also have been incidents where fearful U.S. citizens have sold their property or had to hold intruders at gunpoint in order to protect their families. Clearly, this is a national security breach that demands sufficient federal resources to combat the cartels and restore safety and security to Texas soil."
Video Series
The video series titled "Texas Traffic – True Stories of Drug and Human Smuggling," will be made available for public viewing on the web site www.ProtectYourTexasBorder.com in a series of 16 videos with a new video released each week for a four month period. The videos highlight live testimony and stories from property owners and law enforcement officials who have experience in dealing with narco-terrorism problems in Texas.
Among them is Dr. Mike Vickers, a veterinarian and property owner in Brooks County. Vickers, like Staples, testified before Homeland Security's Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations and Management last October. During that testimony he told committee members that property damage in Brook County alone has been staggering with damages including cut fences, extreme amounts of refuse, destroyed rural water sources, vandalized homes, and stolen vehicles, which he said were everyday occurrences. In addition, he testified that fires have also been set by smugglers, including one that resulted in the deaths of at least three illegal travelers and required many others to be air lifted to safety.
At the conference, Vickers compared the Texas border to a battleground and accused the federal government of downplaying the severity of the situation.
"The border is not secure," Vickers says. "It's dangerous. We are in a war zone. There's absolutely no truth to what they [federal officials] are saying."
Staples said the "Texas Traffic" video stories are a testament to the reality that violence initiated by Mexican drug cartels is flowing into the United States and extending northward into other areas of the nation, and he warned that statements from Homeland Secretary Janet Napolitano that the U.S. border is more secure than ever before are simply untrue. Using a PowerPoint presentation entitled "Texas in the Crosshairs," Staples offered conference attendees a barrage of statistics proving what he says Washington officials continue to deny.
"The 'Texas Traffic' testimonials prove the violence is here on the U.S. side of the border. The statistics also prove that the escalating violence in Mexico's drug wars is overwhelmingly taking place along the Texas portion of our border. Texas is clearly in the crosshairs," Staples concluded at the conference.


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I obviously don't write about every single thing I make, (because that would be ridiculous) but unfortunately I don't always write about the dishes I photograph and plan to write about either. Consequently, there are some dishes have been languishing in the depths of my hard drive for months now, (or more accurately, the shallows, I need a bigger hard drive) and have most likely given up hope of ever making their internet debut. Well fear not tasty dishes, it's your time to shine!
Million Layer Lasagna: This dish is extremely popular every time I make it, (yes, I've made it multiple times and still not managed to write about it). What it is not, however, is a 30 minute meal. This is an all day affair that begins with making fresh pasta and rolling it out whisper thin, (for those of you with pasta machines; all the way down to number 1) and continues with making multiple fillings. This particular lasagna has a roasted red pepper filling, a pesto filling, a cheese filling and a wild mushroom filling. Each one was made into a puree so that it wouldn't tear any of the delicate pasta layers that were laid on top. I have also made it using a typical beef, veggie and cottage cheese filling, but I made the pasta slightly thicker in that case.
Retro Layered Salad: I'd wanted to make a big layered salad ever since I got my multi-purpose cake dome/punch bowl just so that I could show off my new purchase. This salad was the perfect choice for that. It's also wonderfully retro and I love it. The recipe comes from the Canadian Living Cookbook from about 20 years ago and I think the best part is the peas. The salad also contains lettuce, tomato, green pepper, red pepper, hard boiled eggs, red onion, mayo, sour cream and cheddar cheese. It sounds like a hodge podge of a salad, but it's really quite good.
Wild Mushroom Soup: Every so often I venture down the road to visit our mushroom growing friend and return with boxes of various mushrooms from shiitakes to oyster mushrooms to beech and maitakes. After one of these visits, every dish I make contains mushrooms. Sometimes I simply fry them up as a side dish with butter, occasionally I make wild mushroom pierogies and quite often I'll make this wild cream of mushroom soup. The flavour is rich and earthy and delightful.
Vegetable Quesadillas: This recipe came from a summer issue of Fine Cooking magazine and was served for lunch out on the back deck on a bright and sunny day. Aside from the corn, the veggies and herbs were straight from the garden. It was served with salsa and sour cream on the side.
Stuffed Squash: These squash were absolutely adorable and a perfect vessel for stuffing with virtually anything. Unfortunately, the flavour of the actual squash was not my favourite. I found it to be somewhat bitter. Presentation wise, it scores high, but doesn't live up to its looks in terms of flavour.
Tea Flower: I found these tea blossoms in Chinatown in
Technorati Tags:
Lasagna + Mushrooms + Quesadillas + Squash + Tea


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Professional Grade Networkable 32-Channel NVR - RAID, Rack-Mount
Professional Grade Networkable 32-Channel NVR - RAID, Rack-Mount
The Alibi 7000 series is a high-performance product line, designed to meet the demands of mid-to large-scale enterprise surveillance applications.
The Alibi 7000 Series 32-Channel Rack-mount NVR supports up to 32 IP cameras with 320 Mbps recording capability to tackle large-scale enterprise storage needs. With a recording resolution of 12.0 megapixels, it delivers ultra-sharp, high resolution images.
16 hard drive bays support up to 16 x 8TB hard drives with RAID redundant storage that ensures video and data is never lost in the event of hard drive failure. Dual GB LAN interfaces for multiple function modes: load balance, failover, and independent.
This NVR supports H.264 and H.265 video streams that help reduce file size, maximize recording time, and save hard drive space.
Local video outputs include HDMI and VGA. It is also equipped with 16 alarm inputs that connect to specific camera locations and 4 alarm outputs to connect to external devices such as a siren or fire alarm. This enables trigger recording based on the camera location connected to a specific alarm/sensor.
This versatile recorder allows multiple selectable recording modes: continuous, motion detection, POS, schedule, and event. Recording features include event search, event log, and email notification.
The user-friendly Alibi Central Management Software (CMS) views up to 64 live cameras and supports up to 256 devices with 1,024 maximum channels. It is loaded with powerful features that include: drag-and-drop system and camera selection, customizable displays, device grouping, alarms and notifications, and remote system management.
Free Alibi Witness mobile app delivers convenient remote viewing of live and recorded video.
Note: Certain recording features and capabilities of NVRs, including motion detection recording, depend on IP camera compatibility.
3U rack-mount design fits standard 19″ racks. Connectors include:
- (16) sensor inputs
- (4) digital outputs
- (3) USB ports
- (1) eSATA
What's Included:
- (1) Alibi 7000 series 32-channel rack-mount NVR with RAID
- (1) USB mouse
- (1) Remote control
- (1) Power supply cable
- (1) 6′ HDMI cable
- (1) 6′ CAT5e patch cable
- (1) Set of hard drive mounting hardware
- (1) Set of mount tab hardware
- (1) CD-ROM (user guide and installation tools)
Protection and Warranty:
All Alibi purchases are protected by a 30-day money-back guarantee, unlimited US-based technical support, and our Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty that covers your entire purchase, with no asterisks and no exceptions! The warranty covers all Alibi camera and recorder hardware and components, and pre-installed hard drives. If you have an issue, we provide unlimited technical support – and manage all returns and exchanges directly, minimizing unnecessary downtime.


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NOT INCLUDED: Lunches, optional tours& mobile phone calls.
TOUR CONDITIONS: "JUST CRUISIN" reserve the right to alter or modify itinerary if prevailing weather, road conditions or adverse conditions require such change. Tour costs do not include additional accommodation, meals and incidental expenses incurred from flooding, natural delays, unavailable connections or other unforseen circumstances. It is suggested travel insurance is purchased to cover additional accommodation, meals and incidental expenses resulting from flooding, natural delays unavailable connections or other unforeseen expenses prior to departure. Due to the nature and remoteness of outback travel it is suggested anyone with health problems should seek advice from their doctor if necessary.
BOOKING CONDITIONS: A deposit of 20% is required to confirm your reservation. Balance is payable 21 days prior to departure.
CANCELLATIONS: More than 14 days prior to departure will incur $200.00 Administration Fee. Between 14 days and 48 hours cancellation incurs a 30% fee of full payment. Between 48 hours and 24 hours 60% fee of full payment. Less than 24 hours or fail to board - no refund.
No refunds will be made for services not availed once travel has commenced.
DON'T FORGET: Your camera, good walking shoes and hats. Please limit luggage to a small bag, and most of all don't forget your sense of adventure. It is suggested that appropriate sickness, accident & personal liability insurance be taken out.
|Map Legend
|Kangaroo Island, Flinders Ranges,outback


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Fuel oil to natural gas conversion calculator
Calculation does not include service installation or equipment costs. Appliance costs vary depending on: fuel, age, manufacturer and number to be converted or replaced, etc. Contact your heating/plumbing contractor for estimates. Installation of higher efficiency appliances increases savings. A daily facilities charge of 33 cents is included in your monthly bill and is reflected in the estimate above. If the calculator shows a negative number, switching to natural gas would not be beneficial at this time.


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CO2 Controller Model # 2002B by Control Wizard. This unit was manufactured to connect to the Control Wizard CO2 Monitor Model # 2002A.This unit is designed to turn CO2 equipment ON and OFF at preset levels by computing the Monitors signal output. Simply plug in your CO2 equipment in the outlet provided. Then, plug one of its power cords into a wall outlet and the other cord into a controlled power outlet (like you would find on any brand of atmospheric controller) that powers your exhaust fans. When the exhaust fans are powered the Controller will automatically turn your CO2 equipment OFF. This saves CO2 from being vented while the area is being cooled. When the exhaust fans shut OFF the CO2 equipment is allowed to fill the room to your pre-set levels.
— Ships from Portland, Oregon USA.


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2 syllables
- bisel, bissell, bristle, cissell, fissel, fissell, fissile, glycel, gristle, hisel, kissel, kissell, missal, missel, missile, schissel, sissel, this'll, thistle, whistle, wissel
3 syllables
- abyssal, dismissal, entwistle, epistle
4 syllables
- antimissile, euromissile
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Facilities Management
Facilities Management plans, builds, maintains, renovates, and upgrades the critical physical infrastructure and buildings of the campus. The department includes several service areas.
Facilities Planning is responsible for designing and building new structures on campus, as well as remodeling and renewing existing spaces.
Plant Operations and Grounds maintain campus facilities and landscaping on a day-to-day basis. They are often the first point-of-contact for any member of the campus community when something needs to be built, modified, or repaired.
Environmental Health and Safety and Risk Management are responsible for maintaining campus compliance with Federal, state, and local environmental regulations, as well as protecting the campus community from injury or illness.
Utility Management works to develop and initiate energy-saving programs throughout the campus.
Please visit the Facilities Management website for more information.


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OutKast will headline the 2014 BET Experience, the three-day music festival scheduled for June in downtown Los Angeles.
Black Entertainment Television is expected to make an official announcement Monday that the Atlanta duo will topline the festival's rap-heavy showcase, which includes Rick Ross, ASAP Rocky and DJ Khaled.
When BET announced in March the first set of performers for the festival, which will be in its second year, the network teased a "very special hip-hop reunion you won't want to miss."
RELATED: The inside story on OutKast


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Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering
On-line version ISSN 2309-8775
Print version ISSN 1021-2019
J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng. vol.52 n.2 Midrand Oct. 2010
Evaluation of recycled water recovered from a ready-mix concrete plant for reuse in concrete
S O Ekolu; A Dawneerangen
A study was conducted into the quality of recycled water at a ready-mix concrete plant to determine its suitability as mixing water for concrete. Concrete mixes made at a water/cementitious ratio (w/cm) of 0,5, with or without 50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and mortars of 0,47 w/cm were prepared using municipal and recycled water. Recycled water was used to replace municipal water at various proportions of 0, 30, 50 and 100%, then used as mix water. Tests were done on fresh and hardened concretes and mortars. The chemical impurities present in the recycled water satisfied the limits given in SANS 51008 /EN 1008 and ASTM C 94 for mix water. The use of recycled water as mix water led to a slight reduction in slump of concrete or flow of mortar. Hydration heat output and air permeability were not affected, and mortar compressive strengths increased with a rise in the proportional amount of recycled water used in the mix. In mortars, the use of 100% recycled water gave a substantial increase in strengths of up to 8%. Within the limitations of this study, it was found that recycled water from ready-mix concrete plants can be suitable for use as mix water in concrete-making.
Keywords: recycled water, ready-mix concrete, compressive strength, setting time, slump, flow, permeability, mortar
Significance of recycling waste wash water from ready-mix concrete operations
Waste water from a ready-mix plant consists of wash water from rinsing out truck mixers, storm water run-off, sprayed water from rinsing the exterior drums and sprayed water from dust suspensions. It is estimated that a truck uses approximately 500 litres of water per washout. Typically, a truck mixer washout takes place twice daily and if there are 15 trucks per day, this amounts to the use of 15 000 litres of wash water per day. Obviously, it can be seen that when this consumption is combined with storm water run-off, sprayed water and conveyor water washdowns, significantly large quantities of waste water are generated at a typical ready-mix plant in any given working day. Also, a typical ready-mix plant may produce 500 m3 of concrete per day. On the basis of 200 litres/m3 of concrete, the plant consumes 10 000 litres of municipal water per day. This water quantity is sufficient to supply water to over 200 African households daily. Certainly, the industrial consumption of municipal water may exert remarkable strain on the water supply network, especially in Africa where water shortages are apparent, with some communities lacking adequate water supplies.
Environmental pressures have also mounted regarding the disposal of waste water as regulations have been crafted to control water quality and provide environmental health protection. Past practices have been to dispose of waste water either at construction sites, landfills, vacant plots, plant yards or almost any location provided the disposal raised no public concern. However, wash water discharge from truck washing contains cementitious materials and other impurities. According to the South African National Water Act (NWA 1998), such water may not be discharged into urban sewers due to its high content of dissolved solids and its high pH. The National Water Authority does allow the discharge of effluent, provided that the water quality of such effluent meets the requirements of the Act. The practice of recycling waste water has therefore become essential, both as a means of water conservation and as a necessary process for a safe environment. When reused in concrete, wash waste water can also make an economic contribution as its reuse does not necessitate chemical treatment.
Wash waste water from ready-mix concrete as mix water for concrete
Studies have been done on the potential use of waste water in concrete, but although important conclusions have been reached, some mixed results have also been reported. Abrams (1924) conducted an extensive series of tests consisting of about 6 000 concrete and mortar specimens representing 68 water samples. He found that any naturally occurring or municipal water supply suitable for drinking purposes can be used as mix water for concrete. Although no wash waste water was used in this early study, a significant finding was that different types of water containing impurities such as marsh water, alkaline sulphate water and industrial waste water were satisfactory when tested in mortars or concretes since in many instances, the strength would be greater than 90% of the strength of control specimens made using pure water. However, algae in the mixing water were found to entrain air and reduce concrete strength significantly.
Borger et al (1994) examined the strength, setting time, workability and sulphate resistance of mortars incorporating recycled wash water. Mortars with a water/cement ratio (w/c) of 0,485 and 1:2,75 aggregate-cement ratio were used. It was reported that the age of the wash water had the greatest effect on strength, with an increase of up to 20%. An increase in strength was generally realised when water of ages up to 8 h were used in mortars, while workability and permeability were reduced. Sulphate resistance was also reported to have increased. These effects were attributed to the increased cement content of mortars from suspended cement particles present in the wash water. A study by Selih et al (2003) done on recycled water produced at three Slovenic batching plants using 30 MPa concrete of 0,4 w/c made with CEM I 42.5R cement also attributed the slump and air content reduction observed to an increased level of fine particles. Unlike the findings of Borger et al (1994), Selih et al (2003) reported a 10% loss in strength as a result of using recycled water but also indicated improved water tightness. Sandrolini and Franzoni (2001) also investigated the use of waste wash water from a medium-sized ready-mix concrete plant for use as mix water, and showed that the 28-day compressive strengths of mixes containing wash water were at least 96% of those of the control mix. The concrete mix used had a w/c of 0,57 with CEM II/A-L 42.5R cement. Reduction in water absorption and porosity was also reported, indicating potential improvement of durability due to the use of the wash water.
Depending on the water source or impurities present, some recycled water may not be suitable for use in concretes. Such findings were reported by Kuosa (2005) in a study of five types of water containing detergents. The recycled water, used in proportions of 26 to 100% of mix water, had no effect on the setting time and strength of concretes. However, its use adversely affected the air-void structure and spacing factor, rendering its effect in air-entrained concrete a potential issue of durability concern regarding freeze-thaw resistance.
Potential use of sludge water as mix water in concrete has also been investigated with mixed results. Concretes with w/c's of 0,5, 0,6 and 0,7 were studied by Chaatveera et al (2006) for unit weight, slump, temperature rise and mechanical properties of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, as well as drying shrinkage and acid attack. Although the unit weight and temperature of fresh concrete were not affected by the use of sludge water, slump and strength decreased. Increasing the proportion of sludge water in the mix water also increased drying shrinkage and weight loss due to acid attack.
Assessing the suitability of recycled water for use in concrete
The traditional criterion widely employed to define the suitability of mix water has been to compare its quality with fitness for drinking. However, specifications have been developed giving limits of acceptable chemical impurities and their effects on certain concrete properties. These major criteria are given in SANS 51008 and ASTM C 94 in which the 7-day or 28-day compressive strength of concretes or mortars incorporating recycled water must achieve at least 90% of the strength of control samples made with municipal or distilled water. For mixes containing recycled water, ASTM C 94 allows deviations of 1 h and 1,5 h for the initial and final sets respectively, while SANS 51008 specifies deviations not exceeding 25% of the setting time of a control mix made with distilled water.
While use of recycled water in the ready-mix concrete industry in South Africa is practised, and encouraged in the interests of water conservation and environmental protection, there has been little or no investigation into its effects on the properties of concrete. This study examined the quality of recycled water at a ready-mix concrete plant in Gauteng to determine its suitability as mixing water for concrete. Tests done on the properties of fresh and hardened mortars and concretes include slump or flow, unit weight, setting time, total hydration heat output, compressive strength and air permeability.
Materials and mixes
A 200 litre water sample was collected from the water pit at the ready-mix concrete plant and kept in a drum for laboratory use. Water stored in the drum was manually agitated before being drawn for concrete mixing. In the water pit, an agitator is used to stir the water to prevent solids from settling at the bottom. A 200 litre sample of municipal water was also collected to be used in the mixes at different replacement proportions. CEM I Portland cement complying with SAN 50197-1 and ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) complying with SANS 1491-1 were the cementitious materials used. In all the mixes, 19 mm granite coarse aggregate, crushed granite sand, natural filler sand and a water-reducing admixture of type Omega 101 were used.
Recycled water was used to replace tap water at the various levels of 0, 30, 50 and 100%, then used for making mortars and concrete mixes. As shown in Table 1, a total of eight concrete mixes with w/c's of 0,5 were made. Four of the mixes contained 100% CEM I 42.5N, while the other four mixes consisted of a 50:50 CEM I/ggbs blend. Cubes of 100 mm were used to test the 7-day or 28-day compressive strengths, and cubes of 150 mm were used for air permeability measurements, which were done using a Torrent permeameter (Andrade et al 2000). Four mortar mixes with a w/c of 0,47 and an aggregate/cement ratio of 2,5 were prepared and then tested for flow using a flow table, and for compressive strength using 50 mm cubes. No ggbs was used in the mortar mixes. Concrete mix designations C0%, C30%, C50% and C100% consisted of only CEM I cement, while designations starting with "CS" contained a 50:50 CEM I/ggbs blend. Designations with "M" indicate mortar mixes. The percentage value in the designation represents the proportion of recycled water used in the mix water.
Test procedures
Tests for slump, density and strength of concrete were done in accordance with SANS 5861 and SANS 51250 respectively, while setting time evaluation was conducted on all mixes according to BS 5075-1. The compressive strengths of mortars were tested in accordance with SANS 51255, while mortar flow tests were done to ASTM C 230. Water analysis was performed using analytical instruments consisting of a Varian A10 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, a Liberty 150 ICP emission spectrometer, a PW 1400 X-ray spectrometer and a gas chromatograph. The setting time evaluation, mortar strength tests and water analyses were done as required by SANS 51008 criteria for water evaluation.
Measurement of the rate of heat evolution from hydrating cement in concrete was done by adiabatic calorimetry (Ballim & Graham 2003). It involved placement of a 1 litre sample of fresh concrete in a water bath such that a stationary air pocket separated the concrete sample from the water. The signal from the thermal probe placed in the sample was computer monitored and the water bath was automatically maintained at a constant temperature. The Torrent permeameter (Andrade et al 2000) used to assess air permeability was an apparatus which created a controlled, uni-directional flow of air from the pores into the inner chamber, while the outer chamber acted as a guard ring, thus ensuring stable conditions of measurement. The non-destructive test gave a coefficient of permeability of concrete to air.
Chemical analyses of recycled water
The analyses of recycled water and municipal water are reported in Table 2, giving amounts of chemical impurities. The values obtained for recycled water satisfy the maximum limits set out in SANS 51008. The pH of the recycled water was 12,1 as compared with 7,9 for municipal water. The recycled water presumably contained highly alkaline suspended cement particles gathered from the rinsing of truck mixers, which resulted in the high pH measured. The amount of chlorides and sulphates present in both recycled and municipal water were within the required limits but the total dissolved solids (TDS) of 1 991 mg/L in recycled water was significantly higher than in municipal water which had a TDS of 107 mg/L. Although the alkalinity due to the sodium and potassium content is higher in recycled water, its sodium equivalent Na2Oe of 58 eppm is much lower than the 600 ppm that would cause concern about the alkali-silica reaction. The recycled water also contained high quantities of calcium, carbonate and bicarbonate compared with municipal water. If the analyses of recycled water are compared with the limits set out by the National Water Act of 1988 regarding discharge into municipal storm water drains, the values for pH, conductivity, carbonates, calcium and TDS are all above the required maximum limits.
Effect of recycled water on properties of fresh concrete
The results of the slump, density, setting times, strength, permeability and heat of hydration tests conducted on the concretes are given in Tables 3 to 4, and Figures 1 to 5.
Slump and density
A trend is noticeable in Figure 1 showing that as the proportion of recycled water replacing municipal water in the mixes is increased, there is some steady corresponding decrease in slump. The recycled water contained high levels of fine particles, possibly reducing the effective w/c ratio compared with corresponding mixes of municipal water. As shown in Table 3, there was also a small but steady general increase in the density of the concrete as the proportion of recycled water used to replace municipal water was increased.
Setting times
The setting time results of the concrete mixes are reported in Table 3. The control mix, C0%, achieved an initial setting time of 2 h 10 min and a final setting time of 4 h 08 min, while mixes C30%, C50% and C100% containing recycled water all gave shorter initial and final setting times. C100% had the fastest setting time, giving initial and final setting times that were 20 and 35 min shorter than those of the control mix respectively. For mixes containing ggbs, CS0% achieved an initial setting time of 2 h 44 min and a final setting time of 4 h 35 min, which are longer setting times than those of the control mix C0%. These longer setting times of the CEM I/ggbs mixes are attributed to the presence of slag, which is known to increase the setting time of concretes for the same w/c ratio. The CS mixes also showed a relative reduction in setting times with an increase in the proportion of recycled water incorporated into the concrete mixes. Mix CS100% had the fastest setting time by 12 min for the initial set and by 13 min for the final set relative to CS0%. The reduction in setting times for mixes containing ggbs were not as pronounced as for mixes without ggbs in the binder. Analysis of these results shows compliance with the requirements of SANS 51008, as the setting times of the mixes made with recycled water are above 1 h for the initial set and below 12 h for the final set, and do not deviate by more than 25% from the setting times of their respective control mixes.
Heat output due to hydration
As shown in Figure 2, the concretes with or without recycled water showed similar properties in terms of total heat output, giving peaks of 313,2; 312,1; 296,8 and 314,8 kJ/kg for mixes C0%, C30%, C50% and C100% respectively, although mix C50% had a slightly reduced total heat output. Similarly, the maturity heat rates obtained were not found to be significantly different.
Effect of recycled water on hardened concrete properties
Compressive strength
Figures 3 and 4 show the results for compressive strength of hardened concrete for mixtures of CEM 1 and 50:50 CEM I/ggbs binders respectively. It can be seen that for concrete mixes, the difference in strengths was 2 to 3 MPa, with no particular trend associated with the proportion of recycled water in the mix. As with most other properties, small changes are usually masked in concretes due to the large volumes of aggregate they contain. In this study, compressive strengths measured with mortars were used, as required by the specifications, to get a clearer picture of the effect of using recycled water.
Air permeability
Permeability results are given in Figure 5 for mixes of CEM I and CEM I/ggbs binders. It can be seen that there is relatively less variation for mixes of CEM I binder compared with mixes of CEM I/ggbs binder. The results indicate that the blending of recycled water with tap water at various levels has an insignificant effect on permeability.
Workability and strength effects of recycled water in mortars
The results of the flow tests and 28-day compressive strengths measured for mortars are given in Table 4. It is clear that flow reduces in proportion to an increase in the quantity of recycled water used, confirming the findings showing slump reduction already discussed earlier for concretes. The 28-day strength of mortar made with 100% municipal water was 62 MPa, while mixes containing partial combinations of municipal and recycled water gave higher strengths than the control sample. The mix with 100% recycled water gave 66,5 MPa, an increase of 8% over the strength of the control. Interestingly, compressive strength monitoring of ready-mix concretes made using recycled water and used for a major project in Gauteng also has found that the use of recycled water consistently increases the strength of concrete (Attwell 2010).
Based on the results of this investigation, the following conclusions on the use of recycled water from ready-mix concrete plants can be made:
The recycled water was highly alkaline with a pH of 12,1 and had relatively high amounts of total dissolved solids, carbonates and calcium compared with municipal water whose pH was determined as 7,9. Treatment of the waste wash water would be required prior to its discharge into a municipal storm water system.
A trend showing some loss in workability of up to 10 mm and an increase in unit weight was observed when recycled water was used to replace municipal water partially or fully as mix water for use in concrete or mortars. Although these effects are small and may be considered negligible, they are worth noting and may be attributed to the presence of fines and cement particles in recycled water.
The setting times of concretes made with CEM I binder were more prominently reduced by the use of recycled water compared with concrete mixes incorporating slag. In plain concretes, initial and final setting times were reduced by as much as 20 and 35 min respectively when 100% recycled water was used.
An increase in compressive strength was realised as the amount of recycled water in the mixing water increased, when tested using mortars. Concrete did not show an increase in strength as found for mortars, but all the concrete mixes achieved at least 90% of the strength of the control, with some results equalling or exceeding the strength of the control mix. In mortars, an increase in strength of up to 8% due to the use of recycled water was observed.
To sum up, observations and test results indicate that recycled water may be used as mix water for concrete without having significant adverse effects on its properties.
This paper is based on the work of Amit Dawneerangen towards an MSc degree in Civil Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. The authors would like to thank Afrisam (Pty) Ltd (formerly Holcim) for providing the ready-mix plant site and facilities for the successful conduct of this study.
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Sandrolini, F & Franzoni, E 2001. Waste wash water recycling in ready-mix concrete plants. Cement and Concrete Research, 31: 485-489. [ Links ]
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|STEPHEN EKOLU is a lecturer in construction materials engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. For six years, after obtaining his BSc, he worked in different capacities as construction site engineer in materials testing and in research. He then obtained an MSc (Eng) with distinction from the University of Leeds, UK, and a PhD from the University of Toronto, Canada. His research interests include materials science aspects of concrete, durability, waste utilisation and recycling, and sevice life of concrete structures.
|AMIT DAWNEERANGEN is Technical Manager, Product Support, with AfriSam (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, Gauteng. He holds a BSc (Eng) from the University of Natal and an MSc (Eng) from the University of the Wiwatersrand. He also has a Diploma in Advanced Concrete Technology from the Institute of Concrete Technology, London. This article is produced from his investigational project report for Master's degree.