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The big difference between our two major political parties is religion. Not the only difference as there are disagreements over taxes, spending, big government, etc., but as I see it, religious disagreements are huge.
Liberalism, embraced by most Democrats, is mostly secular. That means worldly rather than spiritual. That means leaving religion (let�s say Christianity) out of the equation. For example, should a bill or law be passed by Congress, religion or Christianity would not be a consideration by liberals.
One could argue that more Democrats than not embrace Christianity, but our government today is controlled by far left liberal secularists rather than Christianity as the driving force. Religious Democrats should keep in mind that voting for the Democratic Party in today�s world is voting for secularism whether that is one�s intention or not.
Conservatism, embraced by most Republicans is, for the most part, the direct opposite. Most conservatives would want religion, in particular Christianity, to be part of our governing process just as our Founders wanted.
Liberals always want to fall back on the Supreme Court�s separation of church and state. Conservatives, like me, would argue that the Supreme Court misinterpreted our Founders intention and would argue not all manmade laws are good laws. Removing God from the public square is liberal secularism, not conservatism that embraces our Creator, even in politics.
There is absolutely no doubt whatsoever in today�s government the two political parties are miles and miles apart. We are a divided country in far too many ways. When it comes to religion, let me illustrate.
Since the Supreme Court�s horrific Roe vs. Wade decision of 1973, there have been some 55 million unborn babies that have lost their lives. In this country, we abort babies at the rate of something like 1.3 million a year.
Tell me this is not a huge religious issue? Since SCOTUS decided it is legal to abort babies, scientists have determined life begins at conception. The Supremes didn�t have the fact that life begins at conception at the time of their decision. Conservatives want the justices to reconsider the 1973 decision. Would liberal secularists concur? Not in your lifetime nor mine.
Why, pray tell (pun intended) does our far left liberal secularist Democrat president leave out �by their Creator� when referring to the Declaration of Independence?� Seems obvious to me. He has issues with Christianity.
That being said, let�s take time this great historic Fourth of July, to celebrate what our Founders wanted for all of us and that is the natural God given right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It�s not logical to exclude the unborn from the preceding statement. Besides, there�s the 14th Amendment in our Constitution that is supposed to guarantee life.
As we speak, there is an assault on our freedoms (especially religious ones) unlike any other time since �the� Declaration. Besides abortion, case in point as follows:
Military brass, obviously from direction of our far-left liberal, secular Democrat commander in chief has been known to confiscate Bibles from military personnel and threaten those who would �evangelize� about Christianity.
The Obamacare secularist mandate forcing religious organizations to provide birth control to employees is a huge assault on religious freedoms in this country. Some 60 religious organizations have filed a lawsuit against our government as a result. With liberal judges controlling our justice system will there be justice? �
There�s much more to prove anti-Christianity by our government.
No, Thursday is not a religious holiday, but one could make a good argument that it should be. Happy Fourth of July. God bless believers and non-believers alike.
Les Knoll
Victoria and Gilbert, Ariz.


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Reggie Is Back, Villaraigosa Dodges May Day Protests
Reggie the Alligator, reports Channel 11, is back and bigger than ever. I say call Jack Bauer.
You may see the alligator tomorrow, but you won't spot the Mayor. Villaraigosa hopes the national media will forget his whole "clean your toilets" thing because, really, that sort of thing is not vice-presidential.
But neither does our Mayor -- or our "alcalde," as he calls himself during the Spanish portion of the infernal info-mercial you must endure every time you dial 3-1-1 -- want to alienate his compadres at Mecha, MALDEF and La Raza. So what was his "solution?" Get out of town! Seriously: he strategically chose to leave town today to avoid having to appear at, or explain his absence from, the May Day protests. Call it the all-things-to-all-people approach.
By the way, for those who still don't "get it" at the L.A. Times, illegal immigration is ALREADY a crime. So please, for the love of Mike, stop saying that the proposed federal legislation last year would have "criminalized" illegal immigration. It's already criminalized -- already a crime.
Anyway, let's hope the streets are as empty as they were last year. That light traffic, by the way, is what we would experience if we repealed Special Order 40 and started cooperating with ICE to enforce federal immigration laws.
Labels: reggie the alligator

subset: commoncrawl


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As you may know, I'm interested in everything to do with identity, travel and peace. Have any of your family members ever identified with, or admired, anyone in particular?
In her youth, my mother wanted to look like Audrey Hepburn, a person more than a decade older than herself. I have only just realised that in family photographs from the early 1960s, my mother dressed like Audrey Hepburn on special occasions. And I think my mother succeeded, except for the fact that she is somewhat petite and, at least in her early womanhood, had a shape more like Marylin Monroe than Audrey Hepburn.
Did your parents, grandparents, or even a great grandparent admire anyone? I know that my maternal grandfather admired Winston Churchill, but he did not try to look or act like him at all. I just feel I am lucky that my family, like Audrey Hepburn herself, survived the Second World War.


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Professor Reza Olfati-Saber has earned a CAREER Award, the National Science Foundation's top award for young faculty, for his work on mobile sensor networks.
Two professors have been named to endowed chairs. Ian Baker, an expert in metallurgy, ice physics, and nanomaterials science, has become the Fairchild Professor of Engineering. Keith Paulsen Th'84, co-director of the Dartmouth Advanced Imaging Center in Radiology, is the inaugural holder of the Robert A. Pritzker Chair in Biomedical Engineering.
Ursula Gibson '76 and Brian Pogue have been promoted from associate to full professor.
Professor Anatoly Streltsov Th'95 has been elected secretary of the Commission H (Waves in Plasma) of the U.S. National Committee for the International Radio Science Union.
Professors Laura Ray and Eugene Santos Jr. are two of three New Hampshire scientists who have been awarded research grant funding from the U.S. Department of Defense totaling nearly $1.6 million. Ray will employ wireless sensor networks to develop and test a theory that could improve the interpretation of sound by humans in remote or battlefield environments. Santos will develop an advanced cognitive-based communication protocol for medical teams to improve decision making and problem solving in trauma environments.
Tom Scanlon, research associate, has been named the third annual Carol Basbaum Memorial Research Fellow by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Scanlon has been working with professor Karl Griswold on enzyme therapeutics for treating complications associated with cystic fibrosis. The two-year fellowship provides $86,100 for new therapeutics for cystic fibrosis.
Professor Mark Borsuk has received an Early Career Research Excellence Prize from the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society.
Thayer School has been awarded a place in the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine, a multi-institutional, network developing advanced treatment options, such as tissue engineering, for severely wounded U.S. servicemen and women. "This new program will provide state-of-the-art technologies to help the wounded in the present wars," says Dr. Joseph Rosen, the Thayer principal investigator and an adjunct professor of engineering and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center plastic surgeon. "It will also have long term dual use for civilian-related problems."
Schweitzer Fellows Philip Wagner '09 and Caitlin Johnson '10 organized two events at Thayer in April to introduce kids to robotics. Through Dartmouth's FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Lego League, Thayer students showed elementary and middle school students how to build and program robots made of Legos.
Jessica Ogden '08 Th'08 won first prize in Dartmouth's Christopher G. Reed Science Competition for her research poster on "Toxicity and Efficacy of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy." Her advisor was Thayer adjunct and Dartmouth Medical School radiobiology professor Jack Hoopes.
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Dolores and I could smell the fried chicken as soon as we got out of the car and the closer we got to the door of the Beaver House, hopes for a first-class southern dinner seemed better and better.
One of the servers in the hallway slowed down long enough to tell us "someone will be right with you."
We discovered that time in this part of Statesboro was a matter of opinion.
"We only serve family style on Sundays, if that is alright with you," she said.
It was "We'll seat you in a minute," she said.
We wondered exactly where that would be since it seemed as though every seat at every table in every room in this grand old house had someone in it.
"Come this way," she said.
And we did.
We found ourselves at a table in the corner of a back parlor nearest the kitchen. The other two tables in the room each had seven or eight people who were in biker outfits. You know, mostly black, some leather, sturdy boots, some of the men sported bandanas tied around their heads, tattoos on their arms and probably other places.
The women seemed most capable. One wore a jacket with Hinesville on the back, so maybe they had been out for a Sunday afternoon drive and ended up at the Beaver House for nourishment.
They were certainly enjoying their food.
"We'll be with you in a minute," said our server.
Had we heard something like that before?
She turned to our motorcycle riding dinner companions and asked them if they would like seconds.
Yes, they would.
I muttered sotto voce "In our house nobody gets seconds before mama gets firsts."
More food came in for the adjacent tables.
We got glasses of water with lemon and watched as they munched down on more fried chicken. It sure did smell good.
"Anyone want dessert?" asked the server, and named off the sweets.
"I'll have the peach cobbler," I said.
That didn't even get a nod.
Finally, our food came, lots of little bowls with butter beans, rice and gravy, mashed potatoes, salad and fried chicken, all sorts of good cooking.
Delicious and worth the wait.
The peach cobbler arrived all sticky and gooey with ice cream on top.
No time for a nap. It was on to the Performing Arts Center for an afternoon concert by that delightful and talented musical genius Marvin Hamlisch.
That sure was some mighty fine fried chicken, tasted just as good as it smelled.
Annelore Harrell lives in Bluffton and can be reached at email@example.com.


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Topic: Lando Calrissian Adventures
Have any of you read the early novels like Han Solo and the Lost Legacy or Lando Calrissian and the Minharp of Sharu?
I am reading the Lando adventures now in a three volume collected edition. I really dig those older books because they feel a lot more like the original movies. There is not so much elaboration and less technical.
I highly recommend the Lando books but part of that is because he is just so damn smooooth!
[url=http://www.bobafettfanclub.com/multimedia/galleries/thumbnails.php?album=lastupby&uid=1624]My Fan Art[/url]


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We process personal data to provide professional services such as tax advice, general or specific business advice as part of the range of services we offer. We also process personal data in the administration and management of our business.
Your business contact details are used to provide you with information about our services and other information which we think will be of interest to you, unless you tell us not to.
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Personal data processed is kept by us for as long as is considered necessary for the purpose for which it was collected (including as required by applicable law or regulation). In the absence of specific legal, regulatory or contractual requirements, our retention policy period for records and other documentary evidence created in the provision of services is 7 years.
MMG Archbold may hold personal data in connection with Contacts (including individuals associated with existing clients and potential MMG Archbold clients) on our database.
The personal data of a Contact which may be added to our database will include contact title, name, phone number, email address and other business contact details.
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The personal data of Contacts will be retained for as long as it is necessary or can be deleted at any time at the request of the Contact.
MMG Archbold will continue to provide specifically requested marketing information to Contacts who have consented to receive such information for as long as is necessary. Contacts may opt out from receiving our marketing information at any opportunity either in writing, by email (firstname.lastname@example.com) or by post (MMG Archbold, Chapelshade House, 78-84 Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1RQ, or by telephone 01382 322004, and as such their details will also be removed from our database.
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The information can only provide an overview of the regulations in force at the date of publication, and no action should be taken without consulting the detailed legislation or seeking professional advice.
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You specifically agree that you will not use the content of this website for any commercial purpose.
"Copyright Tracy Dixon"
DO NOT pass on or copy this image without permission. It IS NOT the property of MMG Archbold.
Tracy Dixon retains all rights and Copyright over this image within.
We will post any changes to this policy on our website. Those changes will then apply to any future use by you of our website.
mmg archbold is a partnership and is registered to carry on audit work in the UK by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Details of our audit registration can be viewed at http://www.auditregister.co.uk under reference number 0370.
Derek Grant is licensed to act as an insolvency practitioner in the UK by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
mmg archbold is registered for VAT in the UK under VAT Registration number 269 4001 60.
Our Terms of Business cover all our client engagements – to read them Click Here
If at any time you are dissatisfied with the service you are receiving please let us know by writing to your contact partner or to Aileen Bollan who is the Director or Operations for the firm. If you are still dissatisfied you may refer the matter to our Recognised Professional Body at "The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Legal Services Department, ICAS, 27 Haymarket Yards, Edinburgh, EH12 5BH."
All contact details including legal disclosure requirements can be found on our contact.
The information provided on this web site is of a general nature. It is not a substitute for specific advice in your own circumstances. You are recommended to obtain specific professional advice from a professional accountant before you take any action or refrain from action.
1.1 We are a member of ICAS and in our conduct are subject to its Code of Ethics which can be found at www.icas.org.uk/Ethics.aspx. This is available in English.
1.2 Where we become aware of errors made by HM Revenue & Customs you give us authority to correct them. We will not be liable for any loss, damage or cost arising from our compliance with statutory or regulatory obligations.
1.3 We are a firm of statutory auditors registered to carry on audit work in the UK by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Details about our audit registration can be viewed at www.auditregister.org.uk under reference number 370.
MMG Archbold is licensed to act as an insolvency practitioner in the UK by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Details about our registration as insolvency practitioners can be viewed at www.insolvency-service.co.uk/newipsearch.htm under reference number 434.
Our VAT registration number is 269 4001 60.
Professional indemnity insurance
1.4 In accordance with the disclosure requirements of the Provision of Services Regulations 2009, our professional indemnity insurer is Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Plc, 20 Fenchurch Street, London EC3M 3AU. The territorial coverage is worldwide excluding professional business carried out from an office in the United States of America or Canada and excludes any action for a claim brought in any court in the United States of America or Canada.
2.1 Our fees are computed on the basis of time spent on your affairs by the principals and our staff, and on the levels of skill and responsibility involved. Disbursements represent travel, accommodation and other expenses incurred in dealing with your affairs.
2.2 If it is necessary to carry out work outside the responsibilities outlined in this letter, we will advise you in advance. Any additional work will involve additional fees. Accordingly we would like to point out that it is in your interests to ensure that your records etc. are completed to the agreed stage.
2.3 Where we have agreed that you will pay on an invoice rendered basis, invoices are payable in full (including disbursements) in accordance with the terms set out on the invoice.
2.4 Where we have agreed that you will pay us on a standing order or direct debit basis, we will discuss with you separately the amount and frequency of payments. These standing orders or direct debits will be applied to fees arising from work agreed in this letter of engagement for the current and ensuing years. Once we have been able to assess the amount of work and time involved we would be grateful if you would agree to pay an amount to us on a regular basis.
2.5 We reserve the right to charge interest on overdue accounts at the current rate under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998. We also reserve the right to terminate our engagement and cease acting if payment of any fees billed is unduly delayed.
2.6 In the event that we cease to act for you then you agree to meet all reasonable costs of providing information to your new advisers.
2.7 As directors you guarantee to pay personally any fees (including disbursements) for services provided to the company, that the company is unable to pay. This clause shall become effective in the event of a receiver or liquidator being appointed to the company, or the company otherwise being wound up.
3.1 If at any time you would like to discuss with us how our service to you could be improved, or if you are dissatisfied with the service you are receiving, please let us know, by contacting our Director of Operations, Mrs Aileen Bollan on 01382 322004.
3.2 We undertake to look into any complaint carefully and promptly and do all we can to explain the position to you. If we do not answer your complaint to your satisfaction you may of course take up the matter with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
3.3 In order for us to continue to provide you with a high quality service it is essential that you provide us with relevant records and information when requested, reply to correspondence in a timely manner and otherwise follow the terms of the agreement between us set out in these terms of business and any associated engagement letters.
3.4 Should we resign or be requested to resign we will normally issue a disengagement letter to ensure that our respective responsibilities are clear. Should we have no contact with you for a considerable period we may issue to your last known address a disengagement letter and hence cease to act.
3.5 We therefore reserve the right to cancel the engagement between us with immediate effect in the event of:
• your insolvency, bankruptcy or other arrangement being reached with creditors;
• failure to pay our fees by the due dates;
• either party being in breach of their obligations where this is not corrected within 30 days of being asked to do so.
4.1 In some circumstances, commissions or other benefits may become payable to us or to one of our associates in respect of transactions we or such associates arrange for you, in which case you will be notified in writing of the amount and terms of payment. You consent to such commission or other benefits being retained by us or, as the case may be, by our associates, without our, or their, being liable to account to you for any such amounts.
5.1 We may, from time to time, hold money on your behalf. Such money will be held in trust in a client bank account, which is segregated from the firm's funds. The account will be operated, and all funds dealt with, in accordance with the Clients' Money Regulations of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
5.2 In order to avoid an excessive amount of administration, interest will only be paid to you where the amount of interest that would be earned on the balances held on your behalf in any calendar year exceeds £25. Any such interest would be calculated using the prevailing rate applied by Royal Bank of Scotland plc for small deposits subject to the minimum period of notice for withdrawals. Subject to any tax legislation, interest will be paid gross.
5.3 If the total sum of money held or expected to be held on your behalf exceeds £10,000 for a period of time of more than 30 days, then the money will be placed in a separate client bank account designated to you. This account will be interest bearing, unless the interest earned would not be material. All interest earned on such money will be paid to you. Subject to any tax legislation, interest will be paid gross.
5.4 We will exercise reasonable skill and care to ensure that a fair rate of interest is earned.
6.1 During the course of our work we will collect information from you and others acting on your behalf and will return any original documents to you following the preparation of your financial statements. You should retain these records for 6 years from the 31 January following the end of the tax year. to which they relate. You should retain them for longer if HM Revenue and Customs enquire into your tax return.
6.2 Whilst certain documents may legally belong to you, unless you tell us not to, we intend to destroy correspondence and other papers that we store which are more than seven years old, other than documents which we consider to be of continuing significance. If you require retention of any document you must notify us of that fact in writing.
7.1 We reserve the right during our engagement with you to deliver services to other clients whose interests might compete with yours or are or may be adverse to yours, subject to 8 below. We confirm that we will notify you immediately should we become aware of any conflict of interest involving us and affecting you.
7.2 If a conflict of interest should arise, either between two or more of our clients, or in the provision of multiple services to a single client, we will take such steps as are necessary to deal with the conflict. In resolving the conflict, we would be guided by the ICAS Code of Ethics which can be viewed at www.icas.org.uk/Ethics.aspx.
8.1 We confirm that where you give us confidential information, we shall at all times keep it confidential, except as required by law or as provided for in regulatory, ethical or other professional statements relevant to our engagement.
9.1 As part of our ongoing commitment to providing a quality service, our files are periodically subject to an independent regulatory or quality review. Our reviewers are highly experienced and professional people and are, of course, bound by the same requirements of confidentiality as our principals and staff.
10.1 This engagement letter is governed by, and construed in accordance with, Scots law. The Courts of Scotland will have exclusive jurisdiction in relation to any claim, dispute or difference concerning this engagement letter and any matter arising from it. Each party irrevocably waives any right it may have to object to any action being brought in those courts, to claim that the action has been brought in an inappropriate forum, or to claim that those courts do not have jurisdiction.
10.2 If any provision in this Standard Terms of Business or any associated engagement letter, or its application, are found to be invalid, illegal or otherwise unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality or enforceability of any other provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
11.1 Internet communications are capable of data corruption and therefore we do not accept any responsibility for changes made to such communications after their despatch. It may therefore be inappropriate to rely on advice contained in an e-mail without obtaining written confirmation of it. Unless specifically stated, such communications should not be construed as an offer or acceptance, or to form part, of a legally binding contract. Any views expressed in such communications are those of the individual sender, except where the sender specifically states them to be the views of MMG Archbold.
11.2 We do not accept responsibility for any errors or problems that may arise through the use of internet communication and all risks connected with sending personal or commercially sensitive information relating to your business are borne by you. If you do not agree to accept this risk, you should notify us in writing that e-mail is not an acceptable means of communication.
11.3 It is the responsibility of the recipient to carry out a virus check on any attachments received.
12.1 To enable us to discharge the services agreed under our engagement, and for other related purposes including updating and enhancing client records, analysis for management purposes and statutory returns, crime prevention and legal and regulatory compliance we may obtain, use, process and disclose personal data about you/your business/company/partnership/its officers and employees. We confirm when processing data on your behalf that we will comply with the relevant provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998.
13.1 In common with all accountancy and legal practices, the firm is required by the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 and the Money Laundering Regulations 2007 to:
Maintain identification procedures for clients and beneficial owners of clients;
Maintain records of identification evidence and the work undertaken for the client; and Report, in accordance with the relevant legislation and regulations.
13.2 We are obliged to comply with the terms and conditions of the legislation. We will provide details if requested.
13.3 The offence of money laundering is defined by section 340(11) of the Proceeds of Crime Act and includes concealing, converting, using or possessing the benefits of any activity that constitutes a criminal offence in the UK. It also includes involvement in any arrangement that facilitates the acquisition, retention, use or control of such a benefit.
13.4 We are obliged by law to report any instances of money laundering to SOCA without your knowledge or consent. In consequence, neither the firms' principals nor staff may enter into any correspondence or discussions with you regarding such matters.
13.5 We are not required to undertake work for the sole purpose of identifying suspicions of money laundering. We shall fulfil our obligations under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 in accordance with the guidance published by the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies.
14.1 We will provide services as outlined in this letter with reasonable care and skill. However, to the fullest extent permitted by law, we will not be responsible for any losses, penalties, surcharges, interest or additional tax liabilities where you or others supply incorrect or incomplete information, or fail to supply any appropriate information or where you fail to act on our advice or respond promptly to communications from us or the tax authorities.
14.2 You will not hold us, the owners of this firm and any staff employed by the firm, responsible, to the fullest extent permitted by law, for any loss suffered by you arising from any misrepresentation (intentional or unintentional) supplied to us orally or in writing in connection with this agreement. You have agreed that you will not bring any claim in connection with services we provide to you against any of our partners or employees personally.
14.3 Our work is not, unless there is a legal or regulatory requirement, to be made available to third parties without our written permission and we will accept no responsibility to third parties for any aspect of our professional services or work that is made available to them.
15.1 You are not permitted to use our name in any statement or document that you may issue unless our prior written consent has been obtained. The only exception to this restriction would be statements or documents that in accordance with applicable law are to be made public.
16.1 In the course of our providing services to you we may provide advice or reports or other work products in draft or interim form, or orally. However, final written work products will always prevail over any draft, interim or oral statements. Where you request it, we will provide you with written confirmation of matters stated orally.
17.1 We will retain all copyright in any document prepared by us during the course of carrying out the engagement save where the law specifically provides otherwise.
18.1 If we become aware of a dispute between the parties who own or are in some way involved in the ownership and management of the business, it should be noted that our client is the business and we would not provide information or services to one party without the express knowledge and permission of all parties. Unless otherwise agreed by all parties we will continue to supply information to the registered office/normal place of business for the attention of the directors/proprietors. If conflicting advice, information or instructions are received from different directors/principals in the business we will refer the matter back to the board of directors/the partnership and take no further action until the board/partnership has agreed the action to be taken.
19.1 Since we are not authorised by the Financial Services Authority then we may have to refer you to someone who is authorised if you need advice on investments. However, as we are licensed by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, we may be able to provide certain investment services that are complementary to, or arise out of, the professional services we are providing to you.
19.2 Such advice may include:
• advise you on investments generally, but not recommend a particular investment or type of investment;
• refer you to a Permitted Third Party (PTP) (an independent firm authorised by the FSA), assist you and the PTP during the course of any advice given by that party and comment on, or explain, the advice received (but not make alternative recommendations). The PTP will issue you with his own terms and conditions letter, will be remunerated separately for his services and will take full responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;
• advise you in connection with the disposal of an investment, other than your rights in a pension policy or scheme;
• advise and assist you in transactions concerning shares or other securities not quoted on a recognised exchange;
• assist you in making arrangements for transactions in investments in certain circumstances; and
• manage investments or act as trustee (or donee of a power of attorney) where decisions to invest are taken on the advice of an authorised person.
19.3 For corporate clients we may also, on the understanding that the shares or other securities of the company are not publicly traded:
• advise the company, existing or prospective shareholders in relation to exercising rights, taking benefits or share options, valuations and methods of such valuations;
• arrange any agreements in connection with the issue, sale or transfer of the company's shares or other securities;
• arrange for the issue of new shares; and
• act as the addressee to receive confirmation of acceptance of offer documents etc.
19.4 In the unlikely event that we cannot meet our liabilities to you, you may be able to claim compensation under the Chartered Accountants' Compensation Scheme in respect of exempt regulated activities undertaken.
19.5 We are not authorised by the Financial Services Authority. However, we are included on the Register maintained by the Financial Services Authority so that we can carry on insurance mediation activity, which is broadly the advising on, selling, and administration of insurance contracts. This part of our business, including arrangements for complaints or redress if something goes wrong, is regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. The register can be accessed via the Financial Services Authority website at www.fsa.gov.uk.
Financial Promotions
19.6 To enable us to provide you with a proper service, there may be occasions when we will need to contact you without your express permission concerning investment business matters. For example, it may be in your interests to sell a particular investment and we would wish to inform you of this. We may therefore contact you in such circumstances, but would only do so in our normal office hours of 8.45am to 5.00pm. We shall of course comply with any restrictions you may wish to impose which you notify to us in writing.
20.1 Sometimes we engage other organisations to do work on our behalf to ensure this is done promptly. Where this occurs, we will take all reasonable steps to ensure that those organisations recognise their obligations of confidentiality. In particular we will ensure that the organisations comply with at least the same standards of data protection as ourselves. By accepting these Terms you consent to such outsourcing arrangements including the transfer of any personal and financial data to such organisations. If you do not want your work to be outsourced you should notify us immediately in writing.


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Obscura co-owner Evan
Michelson will be
lecturing at the Coney
Island Museum on Sunday,
August 15th at 4:30 pm.
The topic is "The Culture
of Curiosity": From humble
parlor to Princely
treasury, the Culture
of Curiosity has endured
for hundreds of years.
In equal parts uncanny
obsession, camp statement, melancholy musing, frivolous
commentary and timeless truth, ultimately it's all about
mystery and timeless metaphor.
Come and join in an exploration of the continuing appeal
of curated chaos in the home."


text:
Keith Findley was recently a guest on a one-hour national radio call-in show in South Africa discussing the importance of DNA in criminal cases. Joining him was Chris Asplin, former executive director of the U.S. Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence.
South Africa currently has no legislation authorizing extensive use of DNA testing in criminal cases, or any program for databasing DNA profiles of convicted offenders for investigative purposes.
The radio program was devoted to discussing these issues as the South African Parliament considers legislation to expand the use of DNA as a tool against human rights violations—including political rape and wrongful convictions—as well as to enhance the nation's ability to solve crimes.
Submitted by UW Law News on October 28, 2016
This article appears in the categories: In the Media
Related employee profiles: Keith A. Findley


text:
The millennial project: colonizing the galaxy-- in 8 easy steps
Empyrean Pub., 1992 - Science - 514 pages
An 8-step program, from colonies in the sea through orbiting colonies.
From inside the book
78 pages matching environment in this book
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THE MILLENNIAL PROJECT: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy StepsUser Review - Kirkus
In this boldly optimistic manifesto, Savage proclaims a master plan for the human race: to spread life throughout the galaxy. To many, space exploration seems irrelevant to Earth's real problems; but ... Read full review
LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - unclebob53703 - LibraryThing
Fascinating ideas, gets more far-fetched as it goes on, lost me about 2/3 of the way through Read full review
1 Cybergenic Organisms
2 Open Cycle OTEC
3 Nutrient Composition of Spirulina
43 other sections not shown
Other editions - View all
The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps
Marshall Thomas Savage
No preview available - 1992
The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy-- in 8 Easy Steps
Marshall Thomas Savage
No preview available - 1992
Common terms and phrases
accelerate algae amount anti-matter Aquarian Aquarius Asgard asteroid belt atmosphere atomic Avallon average beam Bifrost Bridge bubble carbon carbonaceous chondrites civilization cloud colonists comets cosmic cost crater create cubic deep water density diameter dome Dyson Earth ecosphere electrical electron energy engineering environment equator fuel galaxy gravity growth habitats heat human hydrogen inside interstellar kilogram kilometers laser Laser Propulsion launch capsule launch tube living lunar magnesium mariculture marine colonies Mars Martian mass materials megawatts membrane meteoroids meters Millennial Millennium Moon nitrogen nutrients oceans Oort cloud orbit OTEC outer oxygen payload Phobos planet planetary platform population pressure produce propellant protein radiation require Rigil rocket sea water seed ship solar system Solaria space colonies speed of light sphere Spirulina star structure surface temperature terraformed thousand tons trillion universe vapor virtually water shield York


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Our Other Videos
Our Other Videos
Member Articles
Why I delay my kids' vaccinations
The vaccine-autism debate rages on
by Lylah M. Alphonse | 11176 views | 8 comments | Rate this now!Follow @Work_It_Mom
8 comments so far...
What if mercury-free flu vaccines were made available? Would that change anyone's mind?
Flag as inappropriate Posted by InnovationMan on 7th May 2009
My firstborn had a lot of surgeries in his first year of life and because of that, his vaccines were delayed. I`m still rather worried about them, because we live in a third world country where stuff like this isn`t really talked about. But my boys are going through their vaccines at a very slow pace.
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Genesis on 11th August 2008
Lylah: Thanks for this post. Like you, I'm vaccinating my daughter --- but not at the pace recommended by the CDC. I have a petite little girl, and it was her baby pediatrician who actually suggested that I might not want to give her so many doses at once. Yes, it means more trips to the pediatrician... but it's fine.
Re: Jenn1125, I do believe that vaccinations are important. A school near us was shut down this year because of so many cases of whooping cough (many of the kids were not vaccinated). It got dangerous because the big kids were bringing whooping cough home to their baby brothers and sisters. Very scary.
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Rachel S. on 30th July 2008
Sandra: I'm going through that right now. Our youngest just got his MMR last week, and I've been hyper-alert for any signs of, well, anything...
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Lylah M. Alphonse on 24th July 2008
Interesting study just released that recognizes Mercury-Autism biomarkers:
According to a recent press release by the Coalition for Mercury-free Drugs (mercury-freedrugs.org), "A Prospective Study of Transsulfuration Biomarkers in Autistic Disorders," published in Neurochemical Research (July 2008), recognizes mercury susceptibility markers in patients diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD).
The complete study is here: http://www.usautism.org/PDF_files_newsletters/A_Prospective_Study_of_Mercury_Toxicity_Biomarkers_in_Autistic_Spectrum_Disorders1.pdf
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Lylah M. Alphonse on 24th July 2008
I also have a 10 year old son whom I believe was damaged by vaccinations. I've taken an approach similar to yours with his younger siblings. They've been vaccinated, but on my schedule. I've done research and I really do not want my kids to ever suffer through measles, mumps, pertussis, polio, or any of the other diseases that vaccinations defend against. But I'm scared every time I have to help hold a child still for injections. The gut wrenching fear does not dissipate until I can tell that the child is still doing well a week later.
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Sandra Tayler on 23rd July 2008
I did not hear this latest news, and I agree with another post, it's crap. Considering the fact that part of my job every day is to work with families with children with autism, I am pretty current on my research. I need to be careful what I say here, so I'm just going to say that this should be a parent's decision, and yes, there have been some studies to show links between mercury and autism. Is trhis just another form of governmental control?
Kids need to be exposed to these things-how are they supposed to build up an immunity????
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Tracy Popolizio on 21st July 2008
I wish they would do studies BEFRORE given this stuff to kids. I am at the end of the vaccine trail. I don't know what to do. I'm scared of the vaccines. I know they are dangerous.
As far as the flu vaccine being mandatory. That's crap. Do they know that are over 200 different rhinoviruses that can make you sick? Do they know that proper hand washing and infection control can prevent many illness? Do they know kids build up immunity by getting sick. I have tought my kids to wash their hands and not to share their drinks. They did not get sick at all this passed flu season? NOT ONCE! My son had allergies. That was it.
I think they are going nuts with this stuff. Seriously. They wonder why these bugs are becoming resistant. Let kids get sick. You don't have to intentionally get them sick. There's nothing wrong with it. GEEZE!
Next they'll have a vaccine against air. It's ridiculous.
Flag as inappropriate Posted by jenns1125 on 19th July 2008


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University of California - Admissions
Here at the University of California, we welcome freshmen with the curiosity, enthusiasm and intellectual vitality to shape the 21st century.
Our doors are open.
UC freshmen come from all over California and throughout the world, from every culture and ethnicity and from across the economic spectrum. Every year, they arrive on our campuses nearly 40,000 strong — ready for challenge and discovery.
So, who do we consider to be a prospective freshman? You're a freshman applicant if you're currently in high school or have graduated from high school, but not enrolled in a regular session at a college or university after high school graduation.
While we recognize that each student is unique, with different strengths and life experiences, all prospective freshmen need to display academic rigor and meet the same minimum requirements to be considered for admission.
Academic preparation — the courses you take in high school, your grades and test scores — is the first step to getting into UC.
California applicants
The majority of our students come from California. If you're a California resident — educated in one of the state's public, private or parochial high schools — and among the top students in the state or in your school, you may qualify for admission by one of our special paths.
Out-of-state applicants
While we prioritize admission for California residents, we welcome students from all over the country to apply to UC. All of our campuses offer admission to out-of-state students.
How we review applications
When we read your application, we weigh factors beyond grades and test scores to assess your accomplishments and potential to succeed at UC.
Additional requirements
All UC students must satisfy certain requirements before they graduate, some of which can be completed while you're still in high school.
How to apply
Deadlines, tips, guidelines — everything you need is here.
Who is a freshman applicant?
A freshman applicant is currently in high school or has graduated from high school but has not enrolled in a regular (non-summer) session at a college or university. If you've completed college courses during high school (through summer after graduation), you're still considered a freshman applicant.
Safety first
All UC campuses provide comprehensive programs and services to help ensure students' safety and well-being.


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Business air travel is basically a hassle. The rush to the airport. Schlepping luggage to the counter. Long concourses to trek. Standing in lines. Crowded, noisy waiting areas to endure. Jostling down the cabin aisle with carry-ons and cramming them into stuffed overhead bins. Clambering into a cramped seat. The nerve-rumbling race down the runway.
But then to see the earth drop away beneath the climbing, banking aircraft—that's still a thrill for me even after all these years. Highways turn into ribbons, then into threads. Buildings become matchboxes, then specks. Fields turn into stubbly blankets and then into postage stamps, borderless and brown. Slipping through a cover of clouds into the bright brittle blue above never fails to startle and delight me, eyes and ears popping at the same time. At night, cities below sparkle like great yellow galaxies flung down on velvet.
A seat by the window makes it worthwhile. Even the view over the wing is not without its rewards. Watching its tip bounce gently in flight or observing the slow flutter of the flaps is remarkable. It's all the more interesting to me for having seen the factories, machine tools and the skilled workers involved in manufacturing these flying marvels.
That's why I always request a window seat, no matter how routine the flight. I am sullenly disappointed when it's denied. I want to see the bigness of the earth below and the vastness of a cloudless sky above. I want to be awed and humbled by great stretches of terrain. I want to look down on hills and mountains and clouds, a perspective that a century ago poets could only imagine as the enjoyment of angels.
Whether the flight lasts an hour or half a day, the view refreshes my outlook and resets my vision of the world. If I must read or write notes during the flight, glancing out the window every few seconds seems to sharpen my focus, not distract it.
Life is not full of choices. In most matters, the options are few or nil. Many things happen because they happen, not because conscious and deliberate decisions were made. Randomness abounds.
So when the agent's inevitable question, "Window or aisle?" comes up, I won't let pass my chance to control this one slight aspect of my destiny. And if I can exploit every little, similar opportunity elsewhere along life's journey, I won't be going along just for the ride. I'll be keeping my own spirit aloft, buoyed by the natural lift of wonder and joy.


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Hi guys,
We are steadily closing in on quite a big milestone, 50,000 members! Today we are almost at 47,000. I have not run the numbers to see exactly when we should hit 50k based on current growth rate, but it will probably be in a couple of months.
Do you have any ideas on how we can celebrate it and possibly use it as a promotion too to let all the tennis players that still have not heard about us know that we are here?
Views: 426
Replies to This Discussion
That's easy! Send out 50,000 coupons to Tennis Warehouse or some other tennis outlet.
That's an interesting idea. So are you suggesting, partnering with a big tennis retailer to celebrate it and in exchange they get some publicity? I wonder if that is enough reason for them to jump in.
Something like this:
All Tennisopolis Members get a 15% off coupon to ____ store.
Join Tennisopolis to claim your coupon.
Promote like crazy on fb, twitter, instagram, etc.
lets try wilson i got some connections.
I just tweeted Jon Muir. GM of Wilson. let see what we can get.
Thank you V! I hope he can come up with an idea for the promotion. I see you asked him for 30% off coupon codes - this would be huge. I normally see a lot at 20%, but 30% would be a super score.
30 percent sure is a big discount. I'd think that would drive up the membership here big time, for maybe the discount alone and not necessarily to be here. Sure you want that? lol
Well, we want two things - well, three things out of this. 1. Big thanks to our current members. 2. Attract new members. 3. Engage the new members for long term activity.
wow this is a really big deal! let's talk about this! How cool! I think it should definitely include a contest to invite your friends and the 50,000th member wins something super cool! Perhaps a new racquet from a sponsor right?
I think thats a cool idea! The person that referred them should get something too lol. What do you think??
Yeah, let's talk. I worry about just giving the 50,000th member a prize because then people will not join and try to wait until the right moment, rather than just joining right away. M
i see what you mean. Maybe a refer a friend two pack where the referer and the new member both get entered into a contest awarded after the 50,000th member joins? Do you have a way to track referrals? If not it would be great to add a referred by section in the bio to build community relations
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Tag Archives: Andi Ernst
Krautok 2014 – 6th of June at ://about blank
Krautok 2014 is on! Happening at ://about blank on the 6th of june we return after a break last year with lots of artists to bring you another marathon live jam. Krautok means no vinyl, no CDs, no DJing. Krautok … Continue reading
Posted in KRAUTOK Tagged about blank, Alex I.nsert, Andi Ernst, Anton Waldt, arkaei, Aschka, auddie, Autotune, Bozzwell, David Abravanel, Dirk Leyers, Dr Walker, Easton West, Electric Indigo, Eric D Clark, Fabian Feyerabendt, Haito, Jammin Unit, Kim Brown, Krautok 2014, lada, Live Jam, Martin Rowe, Mijk van Dijk, Nerk, Nicolas Bougaieff, ODD, Peter Kirn, Robotnik, S.U.O.P, Tallmen785, Toktok, Waktu Loopa, Yapacc Leave a comment


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The domestication of plant species was a major step along the way to our current culture. It was once thought that the practice had two origins (the Fertile Crescent and Central/South America) and spread culturally from there, picking up further crops as it went. Evidence has poured in, however, that crop domestication developed separately in a number of locations around the globe. The latest issue of Science has two research papers that look at different aspects of the process, along with a perspective that presents the big picture.
The first paper looks at material isolated from sites on the west slope of the Peruvian Andes, focusing on material that appears to come from domesticated plants. The big surprises are the dates obtained: squash appeared around 8-9,000 years ago, peanuts just shy of 8,000 years ago, and quinoa at roughly the same time. With agriculture in place, production moved to cotton by about 5,500 years ago. None of these items are likely to have originally been domesticated in this region, suggesting that seeds and techniques arose earlier and elsewhere.
The authors suggest a date of about 10,000 years ago might be a reasonable guess, which is a striking figure: the most firm date we have for human occupancy of the Americas is only about 13,000 years. The authors suggest that limited local cultivation acted as a supplement to a hunting-gathering society for a few thousand years and only gradually fostered the transition to an agricultural society.
The issue also contains a review of what's gone on in the genome of wheat since we domesticated it at about the same time as squash. Compared to its wild relatives, domesticated wheat is tetraploid: it has four copies of every chromosome, instead of two. At least some cultivars are hexaploid, with a further set of chromosomes derived from a different species of grain by hybridization.
The researchers suggest that all this extra genetic material has proven useful to the species in two ways. The domestication process normally creates a genetic bottleneck, in that relatively few ancestral plants wind up being expanded into a large population with little genetic diversity. Normally, low genetic diversity is harmful, but the extra chromosomes (especially those from a different species) have helped wheat remain diverse. The second is that it allows for an extremely flexible genome, one that has produced many variations for humans to select traits from. The extra copies of genes allow deletions, mutations, and even larger rearrangements to tweak gene expression and function in many ways, some of which would probably be fatal in an an organism with only two copies of a chromosome.
The news focus nicely pulls these ideas together. It notes that the South American model—one in which domesticated plants spread rapidly, but only gradually changed people to farmers—appears to apply in most other cases of domestication. It also discusses how slowly the genetic diversity that helped produce modern wheat allowed selection of a domestic species. It turns out that seeds from wild and domestic species are intermixed at agricultural sites for centuries after the tetraploid wheat appeared, and that the percentage of domestic wheat rose only slowly during that period.
It ends up with the big mystery: why did people suddenly think domesticating plants was a good idea? The 10,000 year figure is suspiciously close to the rapid climactic changes that accompanied the end of the last ice age, suggesting that changing temperatures might have disrupted food supplies enough to make domestic plants essential. The end of the ice age also pushed atmospheric carbon levels up by nearly 50 percent, which may have triggered favorable changes in the plants themselves. But it ends on an enigmatic note: maybe there was something cultural going on that we may never be able to reconstruct.


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Common Lisp family
- Guy L. Steele Jr. Common Lisp Reference Manual.
- Swiss Cheese Edition. August 1981.
- Flat Iron Edition. February 1982. (See Orlikowski and Yates 1994.)
- Colander Edition. July 29, 1982.
- Laser Edition. November 16, 1982.
- Excelsior Edition. July 15, 1983.
- Mary Poppins Edition. November 29, 1983.
- Guy L. Steele Jr. Common LISP: the Language. Digital Press, 1984, 465 pages.
- Daniel G. Bobrow, Linda G. DeMichiel, Richard P. Gabriel, Sonya E. Keene, Gregor Kiczales, and David A. Moon. Common Lisp Object System Specification. Technical Document 88-002R of X3J13. Lisp and Symbolic Computation, Volume 1, Number 3-4, February, 1989.
- Part 1. Programmer Interface Concepts. Pages 245-298. DOI Online at dreamsongs.com
- Part 2. Functions in the Programmer Interface. Pages 299-394. DOI Online at dreamsongs.com
- Parts 1 and 2. SIGPLAN Notices, June 1988. ACM DL
- Guy L. Steele, Jr. Common Lisp: the Language, Second Edition. Digital Press, 1990, 1029 pages. Online at www.cs.cmu.edu
- Kent M. Pitman et al. Information Technology - Programming Language -
Common Lisp (formerly ANSI X3.226-1994 (R1999)).
- ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004). For sale: Online at ansi.org
- Drafts 1, 2, and 3. Originally online at ftp://parcftp.xerox.com/pub/cl/*. Online at CMU AI Repository
- Third (final) draft proposed standard. Version 15.17, document X3J3/94-101, May 11, 1994. .tar.gz at naggum.no
- Kent Pitman. Common Lisp HyperSpec, version 7.0. LispWorks Ltd., 2005. Online at www.lispworks.com
- Archive of email to email@example.com, December 1981 to November 1984.
- COMMON.1[COM,LSP]1. Online at saildart.org
- COMMON.1[COM,LSP]2. Online at saildart.org
- Online at cddddr.org
- Larry Masinter and Bill vanMelle. Report on Common Lisp to the Interlisp
Community. Email message, circa December 1981, 8 pages.
- Computer History Museum: gift of Larry Masinter, Lot X6058.2011. PDF
- Text file from SUMEX-AIM INTERLISP, <lisp>comlisp.report.1. Text file
"In a fit of optimism that usually does not characterize him, Gabriel approached the Xerox Interlisp group, and received a warmer welcome than he did in Berkeley, but he left with only an indication that someone, probably Bill VanMelle, would attend the meetings, mostly as an observer." [Steele and Gabriel 1993]
- Arun Welch. CL History. Posting to comp.lang.lisp, October 20, 1994,
Message-ID <email@example.com>.
Online at groups.google.com
Online at CMU AI Repository
A collection of email from key Common Lisp contributors spanning 1981 to 1984; also mentions ELISP.
- Guy L. Steele, Jr. An overview of COMMON LISP. Proceedings of the 1982 ACM symposium on LISP and functional programming, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvaniam, August, 1982, pages 98-107. ACM DL
- Herbert Stoyan. Common LISP - a Survey and a Critique. Rundbrief der Fachgruppe Kűnstliche Intelligenz in der Gesellschaft fűr Informatik. Number 28, November 1982, pages 11-20. PDF at ai-conference.de
- Richard P. Gabriel and Larry M. Masinter. Performance of Lisp systems. Proceedings of the 1982 ACM symposium on LISP and functional programming, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pages 123-142. ACM DL
- Rodney A. Brooks and Richard P. Gabriel. A critique of Common LISP. Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on LISP and functional programming, Austin, Texas, pages 1-8. ACM DL
- Richard P. Gabriel. Performance and Evaluation of Lisp Systems. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1985. PDF at www.dreamsongs.com The MIT Press
- Archive of email to email@example.com, December 1985 to May 1990.
- BIG5.MSG[COM,LSP]1. Online at saildart.org
- Online at cddddr.org
- For archives of email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, and firstname.lastname@example.com see http://ml.cddddr.org
- Jon L White. Reconfigurable, retargetable bignums: a case study in efficient, portable Lisp system building. Proceedings of the 1986 ACM conference on LISP and functional programming, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pages 174-191. ACM DL
- S.E. Fahlman. Common Lisp. Annual Review of Computer Science, Volume 2, June 1987, pages 1-19. Online at annualreviews.org
- Linda G. DeMichiel and Richard P. Gabriel. The Common Lisp Object System: An Overview. Proceedings ECOOP 1987, June 1987, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 276, Springer, pages 151-170. SpringerLink Online at ecoop.org via Internet Archive Online at dreamsongs.org
- C. Queinnec and J. Chailloux, editors. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Lisp Evolution and Standardization. February 22-23, 1988, Paris, France. Published by IOS, Amsterdam, 1988.
- Takayasu Ito and Taiichi Yuasa. Some Non-standard Issues on Lisp Standardization. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on LISP Evolution and Standardization, February 22-23, 1988, Paris France, Published by IOS, Amsterdam, 1988, pages 11-20. PDF
- Larry Masinter. Common LISP Cleanup. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on LISP Evolution and Standardization, February 22-23, 1988, Paris France, Published by IOS, Amsterdam, 1988, pages 21-24. Computer History Museum: gift of Larry Masinter, Lot X6058.2011. PDF of preprint
- Kent M. Pitman. Interactions in Lisp. Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Lisp Evolution and Standardization, February 22-23, 1988, pages 45-49. Online at www.nhplace.com
- Linda G. DeMichiel. Overview: The Common Lisp Object System. Lisp and Symbolic Computation, Volume 1, Number 3-4, February, 1989, pages 227-244. DOI Online at dreamsongs.com
- Richard P. Gabriel, Jon L. White, and Daniel G. Bobrow. CLOS: Integrating Object-Oriented and Functional Programming. Commun. ACM, Volume 34, Number 9, 1991, pages 28-38. ACM DL Online at dreamsongs.com
- Henry G. Baker. Critique of DIN Kernel Lisp Definition Version. Lisp
& Symbolic Computation, Volume 4, Number 4, March 1992, pages 371-398. Online at
"The last ten years have seen both a boom and and bust for the Lisp language. From its inception in 1958 until its commercialization in 1980, Lisp was content to live a life of academic obscurity, servicing the needs of Artificial Intelligence, theorem proving and symbolic algebra researchers. In this role, Lisp could explore many new ideas and quickly absorb new ideas from the programming language 'mainstream'. However, when AI became a business, Lisp was drawn to the money like a moth to the flame. Lisp quickly sought to become 'industrial strength', and ANSI Common Lisp was the result. Unfortunately, 'industrial' quickly became 'rust belt', as the newly standardized Common Lisp could not quickly grow and adapt to the new, more "open" environment.
In Lisp's quest for industrial respect, it abandoned its traditional customers. Symbolic algebra developers (e.g., Maple, Mathematica) forsook Lisp for the more portable and efficient C. Logicians gave up Lisp for Prolog and ML. Vision researchers, seeking the highest performance from parallel computers, dropped Lisp in favor of C, Fortran (!) and various fringe parallel languages. AI companies were forced to move their expert systems into C, C++, Ada and Cobol (!) because of the large size, poor performance and poor integration of Common Lisp systems. Academicians teaching undergraduates chose Scheme and ML for their small size, portability and clean semantics."
- JoAnne Yates and Wanda J. Orlikowski. Knee-jerk Anti-LOOPism and other E-mail Phenomena: Oral, Written, and Electronic Patterns in Computer-Mediated Communication. MIT Sloan School Working Paper #3578-93 Center for Coordination Science Techincal Report #150, July 1993. Online at ccs.mit.edu
- Wanda J. Orlikowski and JoAnne Yates. Genre Repertoire: Norms and Forms
for Work and Interaction. MIT Sloan School Working Paper #3671-94, Center
for Coordination Science Technical Report #166, March 1994.
Online at ccs.mit.edu
"Most of the work [designing Common Lisp] was carried out by E-mail discussion. These discussions were captured in file archives. One research at the Sloan School at MIT has used these archives to study computer-mail-based decision-making and interaction. [Steele and Gabriel 1993]
- John C. Mallery, Howard E. Shrobe, Robert Laddaga, Thomas F. Knight, Kalman Reti, Paul Robertson, Andrew J. Blumberg, Susan Felshin, and Patrick H. Winston. Modernizing Common Lisp: Recommended Extensions. Email to email@example.com. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 7, 1999. Online at lists.tunes.org
- Masayuki Ida. The History of Lisp Standardization during 1984 – 1990.
Proceedings of the 2002 International Lisp Conference, San Francisco,
California, October 2002.
"CLtL1 was the output of a hastily united group of MacLisp successors, who felt InterLisp group was stronger than they were. They did not dream of international matters or even of commercial interests. Most of them thought it is just a US academic research matter: most of them did not know how to make international standards, or even American national standards."
- Kent M. Pitman. Common Lisp: the untold story. Talk at Lisp50@OOPSLA, the 50th Anniversary of Lisp workshop, Monday, October 20, 2008.
- In Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Lisp (LISP50), Charlotte Herzeel (Ed.). ACM, 2008, 12 pages. ACM DL
- Online at nhplace.com
- Daniel Weinreb. Common Lisp Implementations: A Survey. Version 8, February 14, 2010. Online at common-lisp.net/~dlw
"There has been a new wave of interest in Common Lisp over the last few years. This paper is a November, 2007 (updated February, 2010) survey of Common Lisp implementations that are currently being actively maintained. It also provides references to writings about why Lisp is interesting and important, Lisp textbooks, and useful Lisp resources including repositories of available libraries."
- David S. Touretzky. COMMON LISP: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation.The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1990. Online at cmu.edu
Implementations - open source
BBN Butterfly Common Lisp
CMU Common Lisp (CMUCL)
"CMUCL was developed at the Computer Science Department of Carnegie Mellon University. The work was a small autonomous part within the Mach microkernel-based operating system project, and started more as a tool development effort than a research project. The project started out as Spice Lisp, which provided a modern Lisp implementation for use in the CMU community. CMUCL has been under continual development since the early 1980's (concurrent with the Common Lisp standardization effort). Most of the CMU Common Lisp implementors went on to work on the Gwydion environment for Dylan. The CMU team was lead by Scott E. Fahlman, the Python compiler was written by Robert MacLachlan." [CMUCL credits]
- Sources: http://www.cons.org/cmucl/
- Older versions:
- Versions 15e, 16f, 17e, 17f. Online at CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository
- Versions 15d, 16c, 16e. Online at ftp.funet.fi
- D. McDonald, editor. CMU Common Lisp User's Manual: Mach/IBM RT PC edition. CMU-CS-87-156, Carnegie Mellon University, September 1987.
- Robert A. MacLachlan, editor. CMU Common Lisp User's Manual. Carnegie Mellon University.
- CMU-CS-92-161, July 1992, 145 pages. PDF
"CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible, then of Karlsruhe University, and Michael Stoll, then of Munich University, both in Germany. It supports the Lisp described in the ANSI Common Lisp standard plus many extensions.
CMUCL's CLOS implementation is derived from the PCL reference implementation written at Xerox PARC. Its implementation of the LOOP macro was derived from code from Symbolics, which was derived from code written at MIT. The CLX code is copyrighted by Texas Instruments Incorporated. " [CLISP Common Lisp Summary]
- Sources: http://clisp.cons.org/
- Older versions: Online at CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository
Kyoto Common Lisp (KCL)
"A new player from Japan – Kyoto Common Lisp (KCL) – provided a bit of a spoiler: KCL has a compiler that compiles to C, which is compiled by the C compiler. This Lisp was licensed essentially for free, and the Common Lisp companies suddenly had a suprising competitor." [Steele and Gabriel 1993]
"Kyoto Common Lisp (KCL) is a highly portable and implementation of Common Lisp originally developed at Kyoto University in Japan. KCL conforms to CLtL1."
- Sources: free but requires a license. Online at CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository
- Taiichi Yuasa and Masami Hagiya. Kyoto Common Lisp Report. Research Institute for Mathematics Sciences, Kyoto University, August 1985, 87 pages. PDF PostScript
T. Yuasa. Design and Implementation of Kyoto Common Lisp. Journal of Information Processing, Volume 13, Number 3, 1990, pages 284-295. PDF PostScript
Austin Kyoto Common Lisp (AKCL)
"Austin Kyoto Common Lisp (AKCL) is a collection of ports, bug fixes and improvements to KCL written by Bill Schelter. {A}KCL generates C code which it compiles with the local C compiler."
"To build AKCL, one must also have in place the sources for KCL. At the time one builds AKCL, one automatically merges AKCL changes with the KCL sources, which are left unmodified, in accordance with the KCL license."
GNU Common Lisp (GCL)
"GCL is the product of many hands over many years. The original effort was known as the Kyoto Common Lisp system, written by Taiichi Yuasa and Masami Hagiya in 1984. In 1987 new work was begun by William Schelter, and that version of the system was called AKCL (Austin Kyoto Common Lisp). In 1994 AKCL was released as GCL (GNU Common Lisp) under the GNU public library license. The primary purpose of GCL during that phase of its existence was to support the Maxima computer algebra system, also maintained by Dr. Schelter. It existed largely as a subproject of Maxima.
After the passing of Dr. Schelter in 2001, it was decided that GCL should be actively maintained and improved. GCL is currently maintained by a team of 12 developers across the world coordinated via the gcl-devel mailing list." [GCL History]
- Sources:
- Older versions: Online at CMU Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Rutgers Common Lisp for TOPS-20 on DECSYSTEM-20
Charles L. Hedrick and J. Storrs (Josh) Hall developed a Common Lisp for the DECSYSTEM-20 running TOPS-20 at Rutgers University during 1983-1985. This system was based on Carnegie-Mellon's Spice Lisp, but used an assembly language kernel whose "interior design is sort of a cross between the Spice machine and Elisp, the Rutgers extended-addressing version of UCI Lisp" [Hedrick 1985]. The Spice system code, which is the portion of the runtime written in Lisp, was used with only minor modifications to deal with representation dependencies. The Spice compiler was modified to generate code for the DECSYSTEM-20.
The version of the kernel and Lisp code exhibited here contains bug fixes and improvements by Björn Victor, Per-Erik Martin and others at Uppsala University, Sweden, and also by Peter Samson at Systems Concepts, San Francisco, California.
The Flavors code was adapted for Common Lisp from Spice Lisp Flavors by Torbjörn Åhs and Björn Victor at Uppsala University. Spice Lisp Flavors was adapted by Steven Handerson from Symbolics Flavors. Symbolics Flavors was designed by Howard Cannon and David Moon. [Cannon 1979] [Weinreb and Moon 1980] [Moon and Weinreb 1985] [Moon 1986]
Source code
- Charles L. Hedrick and J. Storrs (Josh) Hall. Common Lisp for TOPS-20 on DECSYSTEMS-20. Rutgers
University, 1983-1985. Modifications and additions by Björn Victor and others at
Uppsala University, Sweden, 1985-1997. Distributed by permission of Charles
L. Hedrick, July 28, 2005.
- TOPS-20 DUMPER tape supplied by Björn Victor, July 22, 2005. .tps.gz
- Unix ASCII version, converted using Tim Shoppa's split_tap and his version of read20 .zip
- Same files, unpacked. Online at pdp-10.trailing-edge.com
clisp.tps.gz was processed by uncompressing it with gzip, then running
split_tap < clisp.tps, which produced three output files, and finally running
read20 -C -f out02.dat -xto process the actual TOPS-20 saveset.
- Charles L. Hedrick. Tops-20 Common Lisp Red Pages. Rutgers University
- Daniel Weinreb and David Moon. Flavors: Message Passing in the Lisp Machine. A.I. Memo No. 602, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, November 1980. PDF at MIT
- David Moon and Daniel Weinreb. Introduction to Flavors. 1985.
"This document is adapted from text written primarily by David Moon and Daniel Weinreb which appeared in the Lisp Machine Manual, fourth edition, chapter 20, copyrighted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology."
- Steven Handerson and Jim Muller. Spice Lisp Flavors. Spice Lisp Project, 1985. PDF
- Skef Wholey, Scott E. Fahlman and Joseph Ginder. Revised Internal Design
of Spice Lisp. DRAFT, Spice Document S026 [Revised], undated.
Stoyan includes a document with these authors and title as Spice Document S226, 1983.
- Howard I. Cannon. Flavors - A Non-Hierarchical Approach to Object-Oriented Programming. Unpublished draft, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1979 (revised 2007). Posted by permission of the author. PDF
- David Moon. Object-oriented programming with flavors. Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications, Portland, Oregon, 1986, pages 1-8. ACM DL
Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL)
Forked from CMUCL in 1999.
- Sources: http://sbcl.sourceforge.net/
Implementations - commercial
Allegro CL. Franz Inc.
Control Data Corporation Common Lisp
"Following CDC ALISP lineage for a moment, ALISP [at University of Massachusetts Amherst] was eventually replaced with work on a native Common Lisp that was headed by Richard Hudson." [Dan Corkill, personal communication, September 4, 2010]
"The Lisp/VE team was led by Richard L. Hudson and consisted of David M. Hart, Susan E. Lander, Andy Podgurski, Mali Anand, and Joanne Pommers. the compiler and runtime was written by the Lisp/VE team primarily in Lisp and a language called Cybil (Cyber Implementation Language). It leveraged a lot of the CMU Spice Lisp code to implement many of the Common Lisp functions and libraries. It faithfully implements the Common Lisp dialect and was available commercially as part of CDC's Cyber 180, the last machine CDC built." [Richard L. Hudson, personal communication, September 10, 2012]
"I think it was also the first full implementation of Pitman's condition system (I recall Susan exchanging a lot of question/clarification emails with Kent during that time.)" [Dan Corkill, personal communication, September 10, 2012]
- Anonymous [Richard L. Hudson]. LISP for NOS/VE Language Definition: Usage Supplement. Publication Number 60486213, Control Data Corporation, Preliminary version, March 1985. Computer History Museum, Herbert Stoyan Collection on LISP Programming, Accession number 102720188. PDF
- Anonymous [Richard L. Hudson]. LISP for NOS/VE Language Definition: Usage Supplement. Publication Number 60486213, Control Data Corporation, Revision B, December 1989. Gift of Richard L. Hudson. PDF
Corman Common Lisp. http://www.cormanlisp.com/index.html
- PowerLisp for Macintosh (includes source): http://www.cormanlisp.com/PowerLisp.html
"PowerLisp 2.02 is being released with complete source code (the entire product, including editor, can be built from scratch). This product is free for personal use. For commercial use, please contact us at email@example.com. A more complete license is being developed and will be posted here when available."
Digital Equipment Corporation VAX LISP
The manuals in this section are a gift of Beryl Nelson to CHM.
"The VAX LISP language is an extended implementation of the COMMON LISP language defined in COMMON LISP: The Language. In addition to the features supported by COMMON LISP, VAX LISP provides the following extensions:
- DCL (DIGITAL Command Language) LISP command
- Extensible editor
- Error handler
- Debugging facilities
- Extensible pretty printer
- Facility for calling out to external routines
- Facility for defining non-LISP data structures (alien structures)
- Facility for defining interrupt functions (that is, functions that execute asynchronously)
- Window and graphics support for the VAXstation II workstation" [User's Guide, Chapter 1]
- VAX LISP/VMS, Software Version 2.0, May 1986.
- VAX LISP/ULTRIX, Software Version 2.0, May 1986.
- VAX LISP instructional materials, 1984.
- Anonymous. VAX LISP Student Workbook. Volumes I, II, and III.
- Anonymous. VAX LISP Tests/Exercises.
GCLISP. Gold Hill.
Lucid Common Lisp (now Liquid Common Lisp)
- Source as of 1994 lucid/sl subdirectory of lucid.tar: https://archive.org/details/archiveteam-lucid-collection
- http://www.lispworks.com/products/lcl.html
Texas Instruments Explorer Lisp
- Anonymous. Lisp Reference. TI Part Number 2243201-0001, Texas Instruments Explorer. PDF at bitsavers.org
See also: http://linuxfinances.info/info/commonlisp.html
Computer algebra
- Axiom.
at axiom-developer.org
"Axiom has been in development since 1971. At that time, it was called Scratchpad. Scratchpad was a large, general purpose computer algebra system that was originally developed by IBM under the direction of Richard Jenks. The project started in 1971 and evolved slowly. Barry Trager was key to the technical direction of the project. Scratchpad developed over a 20 year stretch and was basically considered as a research platform for developing new ideas in computational mathematics. In the 1990s, as IBM's fortunes slid, the Scratchpad project was renamed to Axiom, sold to the Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG) in England and became a commercial system. As part of the Scratchpad project at IBM in Yorktown Tim Daly worked on all aspects of the system and eventually helped transfer the product to NAG. For a variety of reasons it never became a financial success and NAG withdrew it from the market in October, 2001.
NAG agreed to release Axiom as free software. The basic motivation was that Axiom represents something different from other programs in a lot of ways. Primarily because of its foundation in mathematics the Axiom system will potentially be useful 30 years from now. In its current state it represents about 30 years and 300 man-years of research work. To strive to keep such a large collection of knowledge alive seems a worthwhile goal."
- Maxima. Online at
"Maxima is a descendant of DOE Macsyma, which had its origins in the late 1960s at MIT. It is the only system based on that effort still publicly available and with an active user community, thanks to its open source nature. Macsyma was the first of a new breed of computer algebra systems, leading the way for programs such as Maple and Mathematica. This particular variant of Macsyma was maintained by William Schelter from 1982 until he passed away in 2001. In 1998 he obtained permission to release the source code under GPL. It was his efforts and skill which have made the survival of Maxima possible, and we are very grateful to him for volunteering his time and skill to keep the original Macsyma code alive and well. Since his passing a group of users and developers has formed to keep Maxima alive and kicking. Maxima itself is reasonably feature complete at this stage, with abilities such as symbolic integration, 3D plotting, and an ODE solver, but there is a lot of work yet to be done in terms of bug fixing, cleanup, and documentation. This is not to say there will be no new features, but there is much work to be done before that stage will be reached, and for now new features are not likely to be our focus." [About Maxima]
Theorem provers
The Boyer-Moore theorem prover pioneered the approach (also used by ACL2) of using "home-grown dialect of Pure Lisp" as a logic language, and also uses a regular Lisp as an implementation language.
- R. S. Boyer and J Moore. Nqthm (the Boyer-Moore theorem prover).
- J Stother Moore. The Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover (NQTHM). Web page. Online at www.cs.utexas.edu
- Source code, documentation, and examples. Online at www.cs.utexas.edu
- Matt Kaufmann and J Strother Moore. ACL2 (Applicative Common Lisp - A
Computational Logic).
- Project web page with source code, documentation, and examples. Online at www.cs.utexas.edu