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Viviane Reding
Vice-President of the European Commission, EU Justice Commissioner
Building trust in the Digital Single Market: Reforming the EU's data protection rules
Conference organised by the Industry Coalition for Data Protection - American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union
Brussels, 28 November 2011
Ladies and gentlemen,
I am delighted to be with you today to discuss the reform of the European Union data protection laws and its impact on businesses. The collection and storage of personal information are now essential elements of almost all companies' daily business – from insurance firms and banks to social media sites and search engines. Vast amounts of personal data are transferred and exchanged every day, across continents and around the globe in fractions of seconds.
To flourish, the digital economy needs trust. And trust is about the confidence consumers have when giving personal information online. It is all too easy for those who are in control of our data to keep it without enough guarantees. A lack of trust makes consumers hesitant to buy online and accept new digital services. Reliable and consistent rules are essential if we want the digital economy to grow. These rules should make citizens feel comfortable about using new technologies and services. We need a framework for privacy that protects consumers and encourages the digital economy. Privacy and data protection are also fundamental rights in Europe and part of the EU Treaties and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
What are the challenges, then, that companies face under the current legal framework for data protection? What is hindering growth in the Digital Single Market? How can new European legislation overcome the current hurdles?
From a business perspective, I believe there are three main challenges.
Firstly, fragmented data protection rules make compliance costly for businesses.
At the moment, companies that operate in several Member States must comply with different laws and different decisions taken by data protection authorities in 27 Member States. A non-European company operating in the European Union has to abide by 27 different interpretations of the EU law on data protection. This is not helpful for businesses, and it is not helpful for citizens. The administrative burden associated with this fragmentation costs businesses an estimated 2.3 billion euros per year.
The second main challenge is the effect of the current rules on the competitiveness of our Internal Market. The fragmentation, inconsistency and incoherence of 27 data protection laws make it difficult to sell or shop cross-border. They also create barriers to market entry, particularly for small and medium-sized companies.
The third challenge is that of uneven levels of protection for individuals across the EU.
The fragmentation of rules is not only an issue for businesses. Privacy concerns are amongst the most frequent reasons for people not buying goods and services online. More than two thirds (70% ) of Europeans said they were concerned about how companies use this data and they think that they have only partial, if any, control of their own data. An overwhelming majority of 88% of Europeans believe that their personal data would be better protected if companies were obliged to have a Data Protection Officer. And more than 90% of Europeans want the same data protection rights across the European Union. These figures convey a strong message: Individuals don't always trust companies to keep their data safe. And they want the same level of protection wherever their data may be processed. Businesses understand that a high level of protection of privacy and personal data is a necessary condition to establishing a relationship of trust with their customers. The full potential of cloud computing, for example, can only be realised if it is seen as a trusted, reliable and safe way of storing data.
The existing European Union rules on data protection were adopted in 1995, when the full potential of the internet had not yet been realised. In 1993 the Internet carried only 1% of all telecommunicated information. By 2007, the figure was more than 97%. Although the basic principles and objectives of the 1995 Directive remain valid, these rules are not adapted to some new and emerging technologies and applications like social networks. We need to maintain both objectives of the original Directive, to ensure the free movement of personal data across the territory of the Union and to ensure a level of data protection. In a world of ever-increasing connectivity, our fundamental right to data protection is being seriously tested.
To address all of these challenges, the European Commission will propose a comprehensive data protection reform. To help businesses, I want to provide consistency and coherence. We need legal certainty and a level-playing field for all businesses that handle personal data of our citizens.
They need – the same as consumers – to have a 'one-stop-shop' when it comes to data protection matters – one law and one single data protection authority for each business; that of the Member State in which they have their main establishment.
The authorities responsible for data protection must be provided with sufficient powers to enforce the law and they must have sufficient resources to exercise their powers.
At the same time, we must strengthen coordination and cooperation between national data protection authorities to make sure that the rules are enforced consistently. As a result, companies will be able to sell goods and services under the same data protection rules to 500 million people – a fantastic business opportunity!
To unleash the full potential of the Single Market, for growth, innovation, and job creation, we need to boost businesses in other ways. In addition to creating a level playing field for businesses in Europe, I want to drastically cut red tape by eliminating unnecessary costs and administrative burdens to create a more business-friendly regulatory environment. This means doing away with the general requirement to notify data processing to data protection authorities. Instead, we will focus on those requirements which enhance legal certainty and are of real value.
In a world where the free flow of data is imperative for our global businesses and physical boundaries are meaningless, we also need to rethink the way we transfer data. It seems odd to say that data held by a European company is adequately protected whilst it is inside the borders of the European Union, but not when it is transferred to a different part of that same company in Asia or South America, even when there are safeguards in place. In the internet age, data protection laws that apply only within a given territory do not reflect reality. Personal data is often collected in one place and processed in another. I want to improve the current system of binding corporate rules to make this type of exchange simpler and less burdensome and to cut down on the time and money invested by companies. I intend to propose a consistent and streamlined approval process with a single point of contact for companies amongst the data protection authorities. And once the binding corporate rules are approved by one data protection authority, I want them to be recognised by all the data protection authorities in the European Union. And there should be no need for additional national authorisation in case of further transfers.
Industry self-regulation has an important, complementary role to play in this reform. But let me be clear: self-regulation is not a fig leaf for non-compliance; self-regulation only works if there is strong, legally binding regulation in the first place. This is why I encourage codes of conduct for businesses in Europe provided that they are fully in line with European data protection law.
These are the ways in which the new rules will help businesses. But businesses also have responsibilities and I expect them to do their share by fully complying with data protection rules.
We need to increase the effectiveness of the fundamental right to the protection of personal data and put individuals in control of their information. And this is where business responsibility comes in. It is also in companies' interest to respect their customers' privacy and build up trust so people feel comfortable sharing their personal information.
Firstly, businesses must ensure transparency for individuals, who must be provided – in a simple and understandable language – with appropriate information about the processing of their data.
Internet users must be told which data is collected and for what purposes. They need to know how it might be used by third parties. They must know their rights and which authority to address if those rights are violated. They should be put in a position to make informed decisions about when to disclose their personal information.
Secondly, business responsibility means that whenever users give their agreement to the processing of their data, it has to be meaningful. In short, individuals should be well informed about privacy policies and their consent needs to be specific and given explicitly.
Thirdly, business responsibility means better control for individuals over their own data: that's why the reform will include easier access to one's own data. I want to give citizens better data portability. This means that if a user requests their information, it should be given to them in a widely used format which makes it simple to transfer elsewhere. I strongly believe that users should not be bound to one provider simply because it is inconvenient to move their information from one service to another. I also want to create a right to be forgotten, which will build on existing rules to better cope with privacy risks online. If an individual no longer wants their personal data to be processed or stored by a data controller, and if there is no legitimate reason for keeping it, the data should be removed from their system.
Finally, business responsibility means that individuals are swiftly informed when their personal data is lost, stolen or breached. This year, we witnessed a massive security theft in online gaming services affecting millions of users around the world. This incident highlights why companies need to reinforce the security of the information they hold. Frequent data security breaches risk undermining consumers' trust in the digital economy. Our proposal will introduce a general obligation for data controllers to notify data breaches. In concrete terms, that means notifying data protection authorities and the individuals concerned when a data breach is discovered.
These are some of the main elements of the legislative package that I will propose early next year. We need to fix current weaknesses in the data protection framework and we will.
Everyone expects a strong, consistent and future-proof framework for data protection, with consistent rules across all Member States and across all Union policies. And I am determined to deliver.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Darvin wrote:FYI, Slime Pit and Namtar's Lair are both "connected" to the wrong dungeon in that image.
My bad, they moved around quite a bit while we set up the layout and i hadn't updated the "paths" layer. Decided to leave it there for the tease since,aesthetically, it's more representative of what it will feel like.


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Is 'Ultimate Tazer Ball' The Most Ludicrous Sport Of All Time?
Think 'Ultimate Tazer Ball' is a pretty silly name for a sport? Just wait till you you see it in action.
Based on an idea from Leif Kellenberger, this extreme sport involves eight players, a 24-inch ball, a 200 x 85 foot rectangular playing field and eight tasers. That's right, tasers.
If you take a look at their website, utblive.com, there's an extensive and detailed explanation of the rules, but the main thing is this: you can only tase people if you're holding the ball and in the special 'shock zone'.
Otherwise, it's a simple game of get-the-massive-ball-in-the-other-team's-goal - it just has that little bit of extra-added danger thanks to the chance of being attacked with an electroshock weapon.
If you're incredibly excited about seeing the sport live, why not head to Thailand for 3 March to see their Bangkok match. It's going to be... shocking. Sorry, we couldn't resist.


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August 26, 2008
From tweens to 20-somethings, students are heading back to school this year equipped with the latest electronic gadgets and high-tech accessories. Today's youth, the most techno-savvy generation yet, have grown up on the computer and Internet and have fully embraced the virtual world, with its emphasis on instant, constant information and communication. They have practically adopted iPod headsets and cell phones as appendages, often to the bafflement of older generations.
In the face of this nonstop barrage of technology-induced stimulation, a question on the minds of many parents, educators and scientists is: how is this affecting young brains? The question is an important one, and from a scientific standpoint, reasonable to ask given what is known about the developing brain.
A central tenet of neuroscience, for example, is that the brain continues to develop its "wiring diagram" at least well into a person's 20s. The frontal lobes, regions critical to high-level cognitive skills such as judgment, executive control, and emotional regulation, are the last to fully develop. It is also well accepted that during this extended developmental period, the brain is highly adaptable to and influenced by external environmental circumstances. Might the perpetual bath of technology-driven information and sensory overload impact the still-developing brain in some way?
"There are a lot of things we've learned about fundamental principles of brain development and interactions with the environment and so forth that one can reasonably hypothesize about what the effects might be," said Michael Friedlander, head of neuroscience at Baylor College of Medicine and a member of the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives. "But for the most part, the data aren't there yet. In terms of actual science investigating people who are using these technologies–the kind of experiments and hard data that most neuroscientists would like to collect–it's pretty thin."
Given that reality, he added: "The best we can do at this point is look at a lot of the science that has been done in much more controlled settings and try to extrapolate that to the real world of kids interacting with these technologies."A Cautionary Flag
While acknowledging that the dearth of data makes it impossible to know what's going on for sure, a few prominent neuroscientists are raising a cautionary flag about the possible long-term consequences of technology overload.
Among them is Dana Alliance member Jordan Grafman, chief of cognitive neuroscience at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. "In general, technology can be good [for children's cognitive development] if it is used judiciously," Grafman said. "But if it is used in a nonjudicious fashion, it will shape the brain in what I think will actually be a negative way."
The problem is that judicious thinking is among the frontal-lobe skills that are still developing way past the teenage years. In the meantime, the pull of technology is capturing kids at an ever earlier age, when they are not generally able to step back and decide what's appropriate or necessary, or how much is too much. The outcome, Grafman fears, will be a generation marked by "laziness of thinking."
"A lot of what is appealing about all these types of instant communications is that they are fast," he said. "Fast is not equated with deliberation. So I think they can produce a tendency toward shallow thinking. It's not going to turn off the brain to thinking deeply and thoughtfully about things, but it is going to make that a little bit more difficult to do."Multitasking Taxes the Brain
One area where the research is particularly strong is what is popularly known as multitasking. Plugged-in kids have gained a reputation for being masters at toggling between, say, a homework assignment and instant-messaging classmates, downloading music and texting on the cell phone, surfing the Internet while updating Facebook pages, and so on.
A 2006 survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation1 found that middle and high school students spend an average of 6.5 hours a day hooked up to computers or otherwise using electronic devices, and more than a quarter of them are routinely using several types of media at once. It also found that when teens are "studying" at the computer, two-thirds of the time they are also doing something else.
"Children's rooms are now almost pathogenic because they have so many distractions," said Dana Alliance member Martha Bridge Denckla, a neuroscientist at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins who studies attention deficit disorders in kids. "I think the most devastating thing that has happened is giving a child a room with a computer in it–you think you're being a good parent by doing so. Well, a funny thing can happen on the way to the homework."
While the common perception is that multitasking saves time, enabling one to get things done faster and better, the evidence suggests quite the opposite. It is clear from a large body of solid scientific research conducted over the past two decades that dividing the brain's attention between two or more tasks simultaneously has costs, both in performance and time.
Several independent research groups have reported evidence that, at the level of neural systems, multitasking actually entails rapid switching from one task to another. Each switch exacts a toll, at least doubling the time it takes to complete a task and decreasing both the level of performance and the ability to recall what you were doing later on. Study after study has found that multitasking degrades the quality of learning.2
Among the leading researchers who have published heavily in this area are Paul Dux, Vanderbilt University; Marcel Just, Carnegie Mellon University; David Meyer, University of Michigan; Hal Pashler, University of California at San Diego; Russell Poldrack, University of California at Los Angeles, and David Strayer, University of Utah.
The bulk of the evidence comes from laboratory-based studies, using carefully designed experiments in controlled settings to tease apart the brain mechanisms underlying task-switching and its costs–and much of it has been conducted with 20-somethings. As such, Grafman said, the research "relates very nicely to multitasking on computers" and is highly relevant to the developing brain.
Strayer's work has extended the research to real-world situations such as driving while talking on a cell phone. He has found significantly lower reaction times and a two-fold increase in rear-end accidents among both teenage and older drivers who were simultaneously engaged in cell-phone conversations.3 In one study, Strayer and colleagues concluded that "the impairments associated with using a cell phone while driving can be as profound as those associated with driving while drunk."3
"The bottom line is that if you try to do more than one thing at the same time, you're going to have a decrement in performance," said Grafman. "This has been shown over and over again, and it has not changed from the last generation of young people to today's young people."
He added: "I think that one of the big trade-offs between multitasking and 'unitasking,' as I call it, is that in multitasking, the opportunity for deeper thinking, for deliberation, or for abstract thinking is much more limited. You have to rely more on surface-level information, and that is not a good recipe for creativity or invention."
'Mile Wide, Inch Deep' Knowledge?
Friedlander echoed this sentiment: "If a child is doing homework while on the computer engaged in chat rooms, or listening to iTunes and so forth, I do think there is a risk that there will never be enough depth and time spent on any one component to go as deep or as far as you might have. You might satisfactorily get all these things done, but the quality of the work or of the communication may not reach the level that it could have had it been given one's full attention. There's a risk of being a mile wide and an inch deep."
Grafman emphasized that the issues–while relevant to people of all ages–are particularly of concern to children's whose brains are still developing. "When teens are learning routines–whatever those routines are–the dominant routine is going to play a bigger role in how their brain develops and what kinds of strategies are stored," he said. If they are constantly toggling between homework and instant messaging and videos, they may get really good at toggling, but as Grafman pointed out, "that does not necessarily equate to being a smarter person."Social Development in the Facebook Age
Another area of concern in today's digital world is the impact of electronic communication on social interactions. The hard science is slim, but experts say there is reason to believe that when the bulk of a young person's interactions with others is done electronically at the expense of face-to-face communication, social development may be affected.
So-called "social cognition," which encompasses such things as the ability to form impressions of others, make inferences about their intentions, gauge their emotional reactions and adjust your actions accordingly, is another complex skill that relies on the pre-frontal cortex, the brain's forward-most and last-to-develop region. Like other high-level cognitive functions, mastery of these skills requires practice. "If you don't have sufficient in-person practice, that has got to be handicapping you in some way," said Grafman.
Real-world interactions entail what Friedlander calls "broadband communication," a term borrowed from the digital world. "So much of what we're conveying to each other comes from the intonation of our voice, the looks, the facial expression, the body language, the pauses–all those subtle cues that go into communication. Kids who are spending all of their time interacting through this cyber world are very likely to not have the opportunity to develop sets of skills that are innate and important to the human brain in terms of what we call social cognition."
Friedlander also wonders if over-reliance on electronic interactions, which are so often marked by unnatural delays, even minute ones as in cell-phone conversations, might wire developing brains to a different baseline set-point for temporal processing–how time is interpreted.
"We don't really know how that will affect kids or if it will have long-term effects, but I think it supports the notion that one needs to be careful to not become totally immersed in the cyber world, because it may be a little more awkward interacting with real living people in real situations where those timing delays are somewhat different," Freidlander said.How Much is Too Much?
The information explosion brought about by the Internet and other modern technological tools has undeniably had positive influences on society. "These are enabling technologies," said Friedlander. "I think their greatest power lies in their ability to enable people to reach out to a world that is much greater than what any child is likely to get in their home or school environment. That's all good and positive."
The trick, he said, is knowing where to draw the line. "It gets down to a quantitative question: how much is too much? That's where the rubber really meets the road for most people, and that is a really tough question to answer."
The responsibility for making such decisions often falls on parents, but they may not be equipped, able, or willing to do so. "We always hear the same thing, that it's up to parents to control the use of these things and teach kids how to manage it all," said Grafman. "But in order for them to do this, they have to understand better themselves what they are creating with their children. Many parents today just say, 'here's your computer, put it in your room and do your homework on it,' and that's the last they see of the kid. If that's the case, how much are kids going to listen?"
Published August 2008
1 Kaiser Family Foundation, Program for the Study of Media and Health. "Media Multitasking Among American Youth: Prevalence, Predictors and Pairings." Released Dec. 12, 2006. http://kff.org/entmedia/7592.cfm (Accessed Aug. 15, 2008)
2 See for example:
· Foerde K, Knowlton BJ, Poldrack RA. Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(31):11778-83.
· Dux PE, Ivanoff J, Asplund CL, Marois R. Isolation of a central bottleneck of information processing with time-resolved fMRI. Neuron 2006;52:1109-21.
· Rohrer D, Pashler HF. Concurrent task effects on memory retrieval. Psychol Bull Rev 2003;101(4):96-103.
3 Strayer DL, Drews FA. Profiles in driver distraction: effects of cell phone conversations on younger and older drivers. Hum Factors 2004;46(4):640-9.
4 Strayer DL, Drews FA, Crouch DJ. A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver. Hum Factors 2006;48(2):381-91.
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Workshop: 12 PM - 3 PM A half day bring-your-own-lunch workshop with advocacy training and conversations to go more in depth on upcoming environmental legislative priorities and network with fellow advocates.
Summit: 4 PM - 6 PM Hear from advocates and elected officials about Maryland's environmental legislative priorities, with Bob Perciasepe, former MDE Secretary and Deputy Administrator of EPA.
This event is sponsored by the Maryland League of Conservation Voters.


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Wow! Talk about an interesting idea! A very neat experiment, called "Hydroglyphics", has been published by Philseok Kim, Jack Alvarenga, Joanna Aizenberg and Raymond Sleeper in the Journal of Chemical Education. This experiment allows you to transform a common plastic Petri dish into a unique teaching tool that can be used to demonstrate the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Check it out in the video below.
Corona discharge from a Tesla coil is used to promote a reaction between the hydrophobic, polystyrene Petri dish with oxygen in the air. The reaction causes oxygen to be added the polystyrene, forming carbonyl and hydroxide groups, rendering it hydrophilic. Regions on the surface of the Petri dish protected by a sticker do not react with oxygen and remain hydrophobic. Water added to the corona-treated Petri dish "sticks" to the hydrophilic portions, but avoids the hydrophobic portions of the dish.
As long as you have a Tesla coil (which costs about $200), the experiment is remarkably simple to conduct. The video below outlines in detail how to make these interesting Petri dishes. See the article for more information on this experiment, including a discussion of the chemistry involved in the chemical conversion of polystyrene to oxygenated polystyrene.
I hope you get a chance to try this experiment. If you do try it, I'd love to hear about any interesting modifications you discover. I've tried this experiment myself, and have shared it with many of my college students (they enjoy it, too). Having conducted this experiment several times now, I have two questions I'm curious about. Maybe some of you can help me understand what is going on here; please comment if you have some possible answers. First, when you breathe on the special Petri dish, water from your breath appears to condense on the untreated, hydrophobic portion of the dish, but not on the hydrophilic, corona-treated portion of the dish. This effect seems backwards to me. Second, because oxygen atoms are inserted into the polystyrene chain during corona treatment, it would seem that the mass of the dish should increase upon corona treatment. However, (I've only done this experiment once), I have noticed that a corona-treated Petri dish actually showed significantly lower mass upon corona treatment. (NOTE added 5/14/15: upon several repetitions of this experiment, we have observed what one might expect. That is, the mass of the Petri dish goes up after corona treatment). Why might this be so? I look forward to hearing from you.
Comments 2
Fog forms on hydrophobic parts
I think your breath fogs up only the hydrophobic parts because it does not get adsorbed so it beads up into visible droplets. The moisture in your breath would be adsorbed onto the hydrophilic portions so it would not be visible. Not sure about the weight difference, although heating the dish might drive off any water that was in the plate so I would heat the plate before doing the pre-weighing.
Hi Dr. Starkey:
I think you are right regarding the condensation pattern. Your comments make me wonder if I can view droplets with an optical microscope. I think I am going to try it out. Regarding the mysterious loss in mass, I should probably update this blog post. I have repeated this experiment several times now, and notice that the Petri dish increases in mass upon corona discharge, as expected.


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Passed away February 19, 2015 in Citrus Heights, CA, he was 81 years old.
Don was born on 11-28-33 in Norfolk, Neb. He proudly served in the US Air force during the Korean War and graduated from the University of Nebraska. Don and family settled in Salinas, CA where he went to work for the Monterey County Sheriff's Department in 1963, promoted to Chief Deputy Sheriff, Administration; he was responsible for the business operations of the Department. He retired in 1996 after 33 years of a much-loved career. He enjoyed his retirement years in Citrus Heights, CA.
He is survived by his beloved wife of 61 years, Octavia; 4 children: Debbie, Janet, Lisa and Jeff: 2 sons-in-law John and Tony; 6 grandchildren and 6 great-grandchildren.
A Mass and Funeral Service will be held, Saturday, March 7, 2015 at 11:15 a.m. at Calvary Catholic Cemetery, 7101 Verner Avenue, Sacramento CA 95841. A reception will take place immediately following at Rusch Park, 7801 Auburn Blvd., Citrus Heights, CA.
In lieu of flowers, please send donations to Wounded Warriors or St. Jude Children's hospital; two of Don's favorite organizations.
Travel | Car Care | Your Money | Your Kids


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Rachael Kraske of Omak helped her George Fox University women's track team both on and off the field.
The Bruins women's and men's track team recently were named 2013 NCAA Division III All-Academic Teams by the United States Track and Field and Cross Country Coaches Association.
The women's team finished with a 3.655 grade-point average, the second-highest grade-point average in the nation. Pomona-Pitzer Colleges took the top honor with a 3.686 GPA.
Sprinter Kraske and jumper Emily Wyatt each earned All-Academic Women's Team honors.
Kraske has a 3.42 GPA after two years while working toward a double major in English and Spanish.
She competed in the NCAA Outdoor National Championships, finishing 19th in the 400-meter hurdles.
Entering nationals, she was 13th in the 400 hurdles after running a 1:01.96 in the Saint Martin's University Last Chance meet, a time that led the Northwest Conference and is No. 3 all-time at George Fox.
Kraske earned four All-NWC honors at the conference championships, winning the 200- and 400-meter dashes and finishing second in the 100-meter hurdles and with the 4x400 meter relay team.
The George Fox women, who won their third straight conference outdoor championship and finished 14th in the NCAA Nationals (their highest place ever as an NCAA member), were one of 148 teams according All-Academic Team honors.
Okanogan County sent five soccer players to the National Premier League Champions Cup earlier this month in Denver, Colo.
The player, who competed for the U14 Wenatchee Fire representing Washington State, included Nico Avena and Shjon Balauro, who will be freshmen at Omak High School this fall, Victor Chacon and Felix Nava of Brewster and Charlie Thornton-White of Winthrop.
Wenatchee went 0-3 in flight C, but did score against elite teams from big cities.
St. Louis Scott Gallagher from the metro area of Illinois doused the Fire, 4-0, in the opener July 18.
St. Louis would win the tournament title.
"The first thing out of other teams' mouths was, 'Where the heck is Wenatchee?'" Steph Avena said. "Of all the teams, we were obviously from the smallest town. It sounds a little funny, Wenatchee versus Metro St. Louis."
Chicago Fire Juniors from Mississippi knocked the Fire, 5-2, on July 19 and Pro Soccer Academy FC from Maryland edged the Fire, 3-2, on July 20.
"The boys really grew in confidence as the tournament went on and played the last team, Maryland, well before losing by one goal," Avena said.
Balauro played in goal against Mississippi and earned a penalty kick against Maryland, which was converted by another Fire player.
The new football coach at Brewster is no stranger to this region.
Jake Johanson, 25, attended school in Pateros until the 10th grade then moved to East Wenatchee, where he graduated from Eastmont High School.
"I went on to play for the (minor league football team) Wenatchee Valley Rams for three years as a linebacker," Johanson said. "I coached two years as an eighth-grade assistant at Eastmont and then one year as a high school assistant at Eastmont. I have been an assistant for two years at Brewster."
Johanson, who graduated from Central Washington University, is a special education teacher for the junior and senior high schools at Brewster.
He replaces Mike Don, who returned to western Washington to be the head coach at class 3A Meadowdale.
Don was the coach at Lynnwood 2010-2011 before coaching a year at Brewster.
Professional Jet Ski racer Kevin Redinger is expected to be released from the hospital later this week after undergoing surgery for injuries he sustained in a high-speed crash July 21.
Redinger, 45, of Yakima, was racing in the Apple Pie Jamboree in Pateros when his ski bobbled and he fell into the path of racer Aaron Newport of Benton City. Newport's Kawasaki SXR hit Redinger at upwards of 55 mph at the checkered flag.
Initially, Redinger was taken to Three Rivers Hospital. Doctors had him transferred to Central Washington Hospital in Wenatchee, where he underwent a surgery that included removal of part of his intestines and colon.
Professional bullrider Shane Proctor, formerly of Grand Coulee, scored 84 points last Wednesday to finish tied for third overall in the Days of '47 Rodeo in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Riding Purple People Eater, the 28-year-old Proctor had the highest score of the night.
Proctor competed in both saddle bronc and bullriding and is currently ranked 12th in the world on bulls.
Wesley Silcox of Santaquin, Utah, won the overall bullriding title with 89 points. Hutch Haslam of Morgan, Utah, was second with 86 points and Matt Pojanowski tied Proctor.
Fishing continues to do well at the Conconully lakes.
"Fishing has been so great that I'm afraid we may run out of fish," Gene Bussell of Liar's Cove Resort said.
"There have been so many carryover rainbows caught between 15 to 18 inches long and a pound and a half to two pounds."
Anglers have been using lots of garlic, he said.
That includes garlic Power Bait, garlic Power Eggs and garlic Lunker Lotion.
"Most of the fish have been caught along the lower dam and about 45-feet deep," Bussell said.


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Tomorrow is OpenStack Atlanta's second event (the first being a HackIn). Ken Pepple is going to be talking about deploying OpenStack, something he should feel very comfortable doing, given his book as well as Internap's latest announcement :-)
There's more info about tomorrow's event at the Meetup page.
OpenStack Design Summit
In a couple weeks, a bunch of us from DreamHost are going to be heading to the OpenStack Summit and Conference in San Francisco. There's a lot of buzz about it both inside the company, in the offices of our fellow OpenStack collaborators, and in the wider open source community. With Citrix's recent announcement, Internap's deployment, Eucalyptus' approval by Amazon, there's plenty of Cloud Drama to go around. Fortunately, the focus of the Summit and Conference is on the important positives: how to improve an extraordinary piece of software and disseminating expertise. Can't wait!
Last but not least, the Dev team at DreamHost has been using Github in conjunction with Launchpad in a manner similar to how the OpenStack project does it. The increased interest in open source software in our offices is starting to make its way out to our customers, and we've got a new web presence that is the first step in supporting this new direction. We're cooking up a bunch more stuff, so be sure to check in on our repos from time to time :-)


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Trust and Obey
The KISS principle—Keep It Simple, Stupid—is itself a rather simple principle. It argues that when we find ourselves entangled in complex and complicated arguments, chances are we have already left the proper playing field. While, for instance, the gospel is …Read More
Not So Fast
Jim and Sandra were longtime members at Christ Church. They gave generously — of their time, their talents, and their financial resources. Christ Church was known for being evangelistic and putting a priority on God's Word. And Jim and Sandra …Read More
Rest for Restless Hearts
Stroll into a bookstore these days and you will likely find a large area labeled "Self-Help," "Motivation," or "Personal Transformation." Go ahead, browse the volumes found here. Some are curiously interesting, and some will just make you laugh. Several books …Read More
What Is the Goal of Becoming a Christian?
It is my contention that we spend far too little time thinking through issues of teleology, the study of end or purpose or design. We prefer to leave these questions unexamined, and thus move through our lives less than deliberately …Read More
Murder and Anger
There are five main teaching sections in Matthew's gospel; these occur in chapters 5–7, 10, 13, 18, and 23–25. Some scholars suggest that these parallel the five books of Moses, and that therefore Jesus is portrayed as the new Moses …Read More
The Best-Laid Plans
To suggest that wisdom is always balanced seems to me to be a bit, well, unbalanced. Whoever first uttered the words of wisdom, "moderation in all things," should, I believe, have healed himself. All things? Isn't that a bit …Read More
Future Living
"You therefore, beloved, knowing this beforehand, take care that you are not carried away … and lose your own stability" (2 Peter 3:17). This morning I was looking at a stock that has really "taken off." I thought, "If …Read More


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I'm hosting about 300 domains for my clients on a single Apache server. They all don't have much traffic, so the server load is not a problem.
Theoretically there should be no limit how many of such low traffic domains I can have on the server, but I'm worried that if I have too many domains on the server, the sheer list of domains to check for each incoming request will slow Apache down.
Is there a rule of thumb how long an Apache config can be and how many different domains it can handle without an issue? Are 500 ok? 5000?
Clarifying: I'm not asking about how much traffic a server can handle. I know this specific server can handle at least twice the amount of its current traffic. I want to know if the number of domains is a critical factor or not.


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Discoveries unfathomable only a few years ago are reality today at the Texas AgriLife Genomics and Bioinformatics Service with the acquisition of next-generation sequencing technology on the Texas A&M University campus in College Station, said the director of the service.
"As we move into the genome-sequencing era, we are entering a truly amazing period in history," said Dr. Charles Johnson, director of the service. "Our mission is to facilitate scientific discoveries by guiding and empowering scientists across the Texas A&M University System over an increasingly complex and technologically advanced terrain."
The genomics and bioinformatics service was established in the fall of 2010, but it is the recent purchase of the Illumina HiSeq 2500 next-generation sequencing system that will give the team led by Johnson the capability to make a huge impact on crop breeding.
"Although focused on plant breeding, this machine has the potential to sequence the equivalent of the human genome in one day for as little as $1, 000," Johnson said. "It took more than 13 years to do the original human genome project, and cost $2.7 billion.
"We can also mix large numbers of samples within one lane using sequencing-based bar codingto provide cheaper per-sample pricing," he said, "which in turn leads to larger studies and greater scientific discoveries."
One of the keys to this technology is bioinformatics analysis, or analyzing the tidal wave of data and turning it into usable information, Johnson said. AgriLife has invested significant resources in this area as well.
He compared it to a giant puzzle, and the team of bioinformaticians, geneticists, statisticians, mathematicians and computer scientists are the ones who put the DNA information pieces together to make the complete picture.
Dr. Bill McCutchen, AgriLife Research executive associate director, said this genomics capability will be of particular importance to the wheat breeding program.
"This provides our scientists with the capability to quickly advance important traits that we find in our multiple research plots across Texas, traits such as drought tolerance," McCutchen said. "The molecular-marker system provides a genetic road map of sorts, and we can now advance our breeding and agronomic research programs at a much faster pace."
Johnson said AgriLife scientists are now able to connect the genetic information from large numbers of breeding populations to a wealth of phenotypic information, making the connection between genes and resistance to drought, disease and insects, as well as other high-value traits leading to increased yields over a broad range of conditions.
Instead of looking at one or two markers at a time, "we can look at hundreds of thousands of markers at one time," he said.
"We now have the ability with genomics to integrate and develop superior wheat varieties for yield, drought tolerance, quality and other traits in a much shorter period of time as compared to conventional means of breeding," McCutchen said. "By combining our strong breeding, pest management and agronomic expertise with genetic knowledge, we, AgriLife, are able to produce significant advancements across cropping systems."
Both McCutchen and Johnson said this technology applies to all crops, livestock, diseases and human health – anything with DNA.
"AgriLife Research, in a visionary effort, has launched this center and made it available to the entire Texas A&M University System," Johnson said. "We are not a for-profit center, but it takes a significant amount of money to keep the doors open.
"Our goal is to provide the best possible sequencing and bioinformatics service for all our collaborators, and through that effort, provide the greatest possible return to the citizens of Texas and the world by way of revolutionary new discoveries."


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It's Women's History Month and Rita Moreno has a new book out. See 25 of this badass latina's quotes!
Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez is pronounced dead after a 14 year term.
Eva Mendes celebrated a birthday this past Tuesday. See the star's fashion transformation.
The staff at Bloomberg Businessweek really need to get it together. This is mad disrespectful to Latinos and African Americans!
William Levy gets a new role and a new look! We aren't too sure about this one.
President Obama signed the Violence Against Women's Act just in time for International Women's Day! It's about time! See what we can do to help Latinas.
The new Machete Kills poster and trailer are out. Have you seen it? Sofia Vergara shows offher assets.
Want more from Krystyna? Follow her on Twitter @Krysty_C


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Twin Size Girl Bedding Sets Model
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Tim Holtz - Distress Oxide Ink Pad - Salty Ocean
The next generation of Distress® Inks has arrived- introducing Tim Holtz Distress® Oxide Ink Pads, a water-reactive dye & pigment ink fusion that creates an oxidized effect when sprayed with water. Use with stamps, stencils, and direct to surface. Blend using Ink Blending Tools and Foam.
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Celera Genomics' Third-floor Sequencing Laboratory
A laboratory technician processes bioinformatics data in Celera Genomics' third-floor sequencing room. The Celera Genomics Group is a definitive source of genomic and related medical information that provides the genetic blueprint information on many organisms to other researchers in the biomedical world. Similar to large astronomical databases, the database of information to house genetic code is quite immense and requires careful handling due to the vast amount of content. Celera is licensing STScI's Operational Pipeline Unified Systems (OPUS) software package to assist in the processing and storage of data from their genomics projects. This is a great example of how engineering work in the space program can be shared, and have a practical benefit to diverse enterprises such as biological research, medicine, and industry.
Credit: Celera Genomics, Rockville, MD


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Public opinion is not static. People's views about an issue can develop and change over time from disconnected, poorly informed reactions to more thoughtful and considered conclusions, from changeable public opinion to settled public judgment.
Public opinion is not static. People's views about an issue can develop and change over time from disconnected, poorly informed reactions to more thoughtful and considered conclusions, from changeable public opinion to settled public judgment.
This process evolves through seven distinct stages, according to Daniel Yankelovich, author, public opinion analyst and co-founder of Public Agenda. And unless one understands where people are in this process, survey results can frequently mislead.
People often approach an issue initially with strong, emotionally laden feelings and opinions, which tend to be unstable and changeable. People may not understand an issue or problem particularly well. They may not have thought through the consequences of their opinions, and resist confronting realistic costs and trade-offs.
The quality of public opinion at this stage is raw and unformed. However, when people's views have progressed through all seven stages of public opinion, their ideas become solid and stable, and they accept the consequences of the views they hold. When public opinion is fully developed, opinion surveys will reveal a reliable and stable picture of people's thinking, a picture which accurately reflects their values, priorities, and beliefs.
Stage 1 : Dawning Awareness
In this stage, people become aware of an issue, but do not yet feel a pressing need to take action. For instance, surveys show that most Americans say child care is a serious problem when they are questioned about it, but it rarely surfaces when people are asked to name the most important issues facing the country. People acknowledge the problem, but there is little real urgency. Americans are aware of many problems, but only a few rise to the top of their list of priorities. Distinguishing between awareness and urgency is essential to interpreting public opinion correctly.
Stage 2 : Greater Urgency
In Stage 2, people move beyond awareness to a sense of urgency. The dominant sentiment is often a panicky appeal to "do something!" Health care moved squarely into this second stage when the economic recession of the early 1990s had many people terrified about losing their jobs. Much of this anxiety was channeled into worry about insurance coverage. Although the health care issue had been kicking around for years, the public's concern rose sharply in economic bad times. In today's more comfortable economy, health care has receded as a top tier issue, and the debate centers more on the quality of care than on lack of insurance coverage.
Stage 3 : Reaching for Solutions
In the third stage, the public begins to look at alternatives for dealing with issues, converting free-floating concern into calls for action. Often, the public's attention focuses on choices that experts or policy-makers have crafted without being helped to understand the implications.
Since people do not fully understand the choices presented to them, stage three is a period of stunningly false endorsements, that is, the public expresses support for a proposal but backs down as soon as the costs and trade-offs are clarified.
In the health care debate, for example, people favor broad expansion of health care coverage for children, low-income workers and others, but support wavers when people consider the likely costs.
Stage 4 : Wishful Thinking
This is where the public's resistance to facing trade-offs is most manifest as people initially assume they can "have it all." On difficult issues ones that require significant change or sacrifice the public's wishful thinking must be overcome before people come to grips with more realistic solutions.
With health care, people start with the assumption that complete health care is a right, and that insurance should pay for any treatment that will save lives, regardless of the cost. Yet the public balks at increased premiums and out-of-pocket costs. The public shows resistance to facing realistic costs and trade-offs on the issue of health care.
Stage 5 : Weighing The Choices
In this stage, the public does "choice work": weighing the pros and cons of the alternatives for dealing with an issue. Stage 5 is hard work, as people come to understand that easy, cost-free solutions are unlikely to work, and that seemingly simple solutions may have down-sides. When the public has given a lot of thought to an issue and proposals for addressing it, they begin to hold firmly to their opinions even when presented with unpleasant consequences.
One example currently being played out around the country concerns raising standards in public schools. People are now more familiar with the debate, and their support for raising standards holds, even as they acknowledge that raising standards could result in higher drop-out rates, and even when they consider the prospect of failing youngsters who have tried hard, but have not learned what is expected. Stages 3, 4 and 5 can be grouped together under the general heading "working through" a term which encompasses rational thought as well as feelings and ethical concerns.
Stage 6 : Taking a Stand Intellectually
Stage 7 : Making a Responsible Judgment Morally and Emotionally
The two stages of resolution are linked, but different. People are quicker to accept change in their minds than in their hearts. In Stage 6 people accept an idea, but they usually do not act on it until they reach Stage 7.
It can take decades for some issues to arrive at the last stage of public opinion, and the issue of women in the work place is one such example. Over time the public has come to accept the idea of women working outside the home and strongly endorses ideas such as equal pay for equal work and non-discriminatory hiring.
The only kernel of the issue that remains even somewhat controversial is whether mothers of young children should work outside the home. Even here, although many Americans express concern about how children fare in today's working families, very few blame women for working for selfish reasons, and most believe that it is entirely possible to be a good mother while in the labor force.
The intellectual resolution of Stage 6 requires people to clarify fuzzy thinking, reconcile inconsistencies, consider relevant facts and new realities, and grasp the full consequences of choices. The emotional resolution of Stage 7 requires people to accommodate themselves to different situations, change their own thinking and behavior, and confront their own ambivalent feelings. The final two stages can be grouped together as the stages where the public comes to resolution about an issue.
For more information, see Coming to Public Judgement, Syracuse University Press, 1991, and "How Public Opinion Really Works," Fortune, October 1992, both by Daniel Yankelovich.


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For decades, textiles drove the economy in Gaston County and the surrounding area. Thousands worked shifts in sprawling plants and family names became synonymous with always-available jobs.
All that changed as more and more work moved overseas while the 20 th century wound down. Although a few textile operations continue to thrive and supply jobs for local workers, the once mighty industry plays a larger role in Gaston�s past than in its present.
Today, with such a big job machine virtually shuttered, entrepreneurs are rising up to create jobs in diverse businesses.
These are the men and women taking big risks and working incredibly hard to live their dream, and together they are forging a new economy as the Gaston area redefines itself.
Take, for example, Preston Wilson, the 33-year-old recipient of the Montcross Chamber�s initial EPIC Award, created to honor entrepreneurs for their progressiveness, innovation and collaborative approach to business.
No one-trick pony, Wilson has been building a variety of businesses and creating jobs since his early 20s. Today, with his partners, he owns at least half a dozen companies that are changing the face of downtown in Belmont and Mount Holly.
You might say that Linda and Lisa Nguyen have entrepreneurship in their genes.
The women�s parents opened Sake Express on North New Hope Road 13 years ago, but once the sisters took over the business, they saw things differently and wanted to build their own restaurant from scratch.
That�s just what they did at their new location which opened in September on East Franklin Boulevard. The d�cor is more modern, the menu expanded, and the payroll increased by the addition of jobs in their larger kitchen. This is not their parents� Sake Express.
Then there is Bruce Cochrane just up the road in Lincolnton. His family sold the furniture company it had operated for four generations. Eventually the new owners moved operations to China, leaving 1,300 people without jobs.
For three years, Cochrane mulled over an idea about getting back into the business, a risky venture given the weakness of the U.S. economy. He jumped in anyway and today employs 72 people who are making goods under the label Lincolnton Furniture �proof that manufacturing can flourish in the U.S.
These are but three examples of the dreamers, the risk-takers, the hard workers � the entrepreneurs � that are building up the economy in the Gaston County area. They represent business owners who find a niche and do whatever it takes to build an enterprise that first existed only in their dreams.
For the diversity they bring to life in this area, for the jobs they create, and the new economy they help drive, The Gazette today salutes local entrepreneurs and names each the 2012 Person of the Year.


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Latex provides the best protection against acetones, alcohols (isobutyl, isopropyl, methyl) and aniline dyes (dry or liquid). Latex provides good protection against acids (dilute solutions), ethylene glycol, and ketones. Not recommended for solvent or oil-based products.
100% natural latex is cooler than vinyl. Recently, more people are reporting skin allergies to natural latex; however, using a cotton glove underneath or a barrier cream (such as Gloves in a Bottle®) will help prevent skin reactions.
Sold in a dispenser box of 100 gloves.


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Today's BlogTalk & Noonday Broadcast is going way back into the archives - from August 2010 – "Taking the Brakes Off of Your Ministry" Speaker: Pastor Andru Kelly!!
One Church Worldwide (Hour of Power) Teleconference Ministries. Join us on blog talk radio every Monday through Friday, weekdays at 12 Noon & live via teleconference on Monday & Thursday Nights at 8:00PM & Sunday Morning at 9:00 AM! (All times are Eastern Time!) To join us via teleconference, dial 1-218-237-3840 access code 141787 #, God is doing a new thing!!
For more information on OCWM, Please be sure to visit our website, www.onechurchworldwideministries.com! Find us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/groups/ocwm.
Enjoy the Service!! On behalf of OCWM & Pastor Andru Kelly, GOD BLESS YOU!!
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well, hmm. As to that first thing, you are right, and that is wrong of me, and i can only remind you, perhaps, of how hard it can be to assimilate some new truth, and then have to go through the process of finding your humility all over again, now coming from this new understanding of truth.crochet1949 wrote:bbyrd009 wrote:bbyrd009 wrote:ah, well, i apologize, really, i have no attitude on this, and recognize that there are other valid perspectives, as i perhaps kind of showed at our discussion on America. Wherein i guess i conflated Trump with Hitler, but did not mean to denigrate Trump. The point being that i love my nation, too, but i am surrounded by "Christian Patriots," who don't seem to understand why their country is melting, and everyone is turning gay, and their children are suddenly rife with autism and cancer, or sterile as they reach child bearing years.crochet1949 wrote:Lands sakes -- talk about ATTITUDE. I've not heard That kind of attitude in a while. Hopefully not everyone in your group of Oneness Pentecostals come across like you do.
I'm a conservative Independent Baptist.
So please understand i seek to elicit hard questions, to examine them, not condemn.
You Also tend to put yourself on a different / somewhat Higher level than other people. You sound like someone who has come To the United States from another country and have settled in Florida -- like thousands of others have. 'Their' country is melting, etc. IF that is happening -- it's Probably because a Few people in this Society have chosen to take Prayer out of schools and choose to disregard the Bible / God's authority/ guidelines. The Christian segment of this country were not up-front enough to take a Louder verbal stand FOR their Biblical beliefs. We sort of stood back and couldn't believe it was Happening. This country was founded upon Biblical principles and no one thought that would change. And Now we are fighting to be heard.
Not 'everyone' is turning 'gay'. Cancer Has become much more common for a variety of reasons.
As my counselor has stated -- this is a fallen world -- negative stuff Does happen. And that which we Do have control over is how we respond. When someone Does treat me poorly, how do I respond Back. How often do "I" consider 1st - what would Jesus Christ do in this situation ?"
This country is not perfect -- because no one alive is perfect. But I'd rather live Here than any other country.
That is "die daily," i guess, and it seems to get harder, not easier, the closer one gets to truth. At least for me.
As to the rest, i could prattle on, from my pov, and thoroughly shred pretty much every other characterization up there; but, while i welcome these critiques, that is why i come to forums, i perceive that this would not be appreciated by you, and would not lead you into any more truth, and would in fact prolly just drive you further away. Even if the pot thing did seem to make some impression?
So, i hope you see that, even with things like the pot issue, i recognize that my pov is quite extreme, i mean, truth be told, i would advocate for life sentences for those who have deliberately suppressed naturopathy and/or pot in pursuit of profit, and unfortunately, those people closely coincide with the ones you are defending up there imo, so i am not sure what to say about that now.
My understanding of what Jesus would do is, He would make a whip, and start turning some tables over, only you and i are def at odds, i guess, as to which tables should be turned.
So, i'll just leave that there, for now, and suggest to you that if you have never been to Jerusalem, you owe it to yourself to go before you die, and while this might come off as completely non-sequitur in that context, if you have any major dental work coming up, you can even pay for the trip (and even come out ahead, possibly) by getting the work done over there, world-class orthodontists in Sharm el Sheik, and an implant is like $188. Or was, that info is about 5 years old.
And yes, i agree, there is no place like home, but there also seems to be no substitute for travel to broaden one's horizons, and expand one's comfort zone, wadr. We are here to change, and change is hard enough as it is, among us who actively seek to circumvent our need for God in every, single area of our lives, and chase satan at every opportunity--i could provide reflections for you of the "service" our sons and daughters are expected to provide, "so we don't have to sacrifice," (which, sorry if that is one of your more favorite songs), or characterizations of, oh, insurance, or prescriptions, or even driving a car if you live in an urban area, many times literally following behind the bus that would have gotten you there both cheaper and with less environmental damage, but again i see that these reflections would not be appreciated, so i refrain when i detect that, unless asked to elaborate, which let's admit that my replies to you are usually elaborate enough.
Bet you just would not believe that i am actually capable of--and prefer--giving one-word replies to people, huh


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This weekend was one of my favorite annual Park Slope traditions: the Park Slope Methodist book sale! Every year, this neighborhood church collects thousands of book donations (and CDs, and records) of every kind, and the BK literati flock to pick up hardcovers and paperbacks for just a dollar or two.
This year, I tried to exercise some restraint – after all, I've got books spilling out of the shelves in my room as it is! But I did manage to pick up a few art and home-related titles (I was in a non-fiction mood), that are really fun!
My favorite book of the day is A Book Of Garden Flowers by Margaret McKenny and Edith F. Johnston (Macmillan, 1940). Margaret McKenny turns out to be a renowned Washington State naturalist, and I later found some of her enthusiastic letters about mushroom hunting. But the piece de resistance is Edith Johnston's GORGEOUS lithographs of flowers! Each one is more beautiful than the next (so much so that I almost scanned the whole book!). Take a look . . .
Truly lovely, no?
I also picked up a couple of cookbooks that I'm really digging:
The Pleasures of Slow Food by Corby Kummer (Chronicle Books, 2002). – This glamorous coffee-table volume takes a warm glimpse into the "slow food" movement – where hand-crafted cooking methods enjoyed among company take the place of modern American fast-food culture. I can only hope that I'll get around to cooking soft-shell crab bisque or pickled herring with apples and creme freche, because the photos are absolutely drool-worthy!
Speaking of photos, I'd never normally buy a cookbook without them, but this little gem caught my eye and I think it'll be most useful! Edible Pockets For Every Meal by Donna Rathmell German (Nitty Gritty Cookbooks, 1997) is a super-simple guide to all kinds of dumplings, turnovers and "pasties" ( . . . whatever those are!). You can mix-and-match various dough/roll recipes with endless combinations of fillings from different cultures. Check out how friendly the design is:
Want some of these delightful titles for yourself? Make sure to be on the lookout for the Slope's book sale next February!


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Concepts used throughout the world describing improvements to production throughput are often generally referred to as "reliability." But what does this term actually mean? The answer to this question is not as simple as it may seem.
Once a plant decides to introduce a reliability plan, the actual steps agreed upon by the staff are affected by the definition used, because different interpretations of "reliability" can lead the site in totally different directions. Therefore, before taking on this type of endeavor, managers must concur on many fronts, including what tasks are considered reliability issues, how such tasks will improve profitability, and who (if anyone) should be involved in the reliability project. The absence of such answers may very well limit the potential of future improvements. But before you can make improvements, you must change the way you think. Let's take a look at a few examples to illustrate the transformation in mind-set that's necessary to redefine reliability.
Paradigm No. 1: Reliability means fewer breakdowns.
A common definition of reliability explains equipment as producing fewer breakdowns. Improving reliability is about having the ability to identify issues and repair equipment before the operations department notices anything is wrong. Although the operations department certainly appreciates the shift from unplanned stoppages to planned outages, maintenance still incurs the cost of components and labor required to reinstate the equipment's functionality. Therefore, not much benefit is seen. With this definition, condition monitoring takes center stage, and unplanned stoppages decrease. Frustratingly, however, maintenance costs and labor requirements change very little, if at all.
Further analysis of this situation shows the equipment still needs to be replaced or repaired at the same frequency. So while production reliability does benefit, no practical equipment reliability has been achieved. Labor and material required for repairing the equipment stays largely unaffected, and any savings in reduced consequential damage is usually consumed in the additional inspections required. This shows that a more refined definition of reliability is required — one that not only includes reliability of production between shutdowns, but also reliability of equipment (i.e., fewer needs for the shutdowns to fix the equipment). Maximizing life of equipment means fewer breakdowns and planned shutdowns, lower maintenance costs, less labor requirements, and fewer spares.
Using this definition, the reliability concept should encompass actions that incrementally improve the equipment life currently being attained (e.g., lubrication, cleanliness, alignment, balancing), which, in turn, increases the mean time between failures (MTBF). It becomes apparent from this definition that actions such as condition monitoring are not related to reliability but rather to the minimization of mean time to repair (MTTR).
Redefining Paradigm No. 1: Reliability means less need for intervention.
Paradigm No. 2: Reliability is used to determine equipment performance.
Site management teams are quite aware that equipment is not the only consideration for maintenance. Health and safety, environmental concerns, information management, and planning/scheduling are just a few of the other issues that need to be considered part of normal business. When all of the other aspects that need to be managed are taken into account in maintenance planning, it becomes apparent that reliability is not just the ability to maintain the functionality of equipment but the requirement for all maintenance processes to function properly.
Every time a process needs intervention from employees, cost is incurred. Labor is valuable, so a lower labor requirement in any of these processes is desirable. This is achieved by making the process more reliable. Therefore, reliability expands from referring just to equipment to the entire business.
When you realize that a task taking 10 min. a day adds up to one working week per year, it becomes more important to measure intervention instead of simply production impact. Ten minutes of avoidable attention a day is one week lost per year, which that person could be using to address other issues.
Redefining Paradigm No. 2: Reliability can be used to determine performance of all activities.
Paradigm No. 3: Reliability practices belong to the plant floor.
Traditionally, reliability tasks are believed to be the responsibility of engineers and trades people. This may be the case when the term reliability relates only to equipment, including the relating tasks such as alignment, lubrication, and precision maintenance. Plant managers typically do not see how those tasks relate to their level.
When the reasons that initiatives do not get implemented are studied, however, it becomes apparent that management causes most of the problems. Insufficient communication about what engineers are doing and why reduces the buy-in of other employees. Not creating enough time or not checking the quality of tasks can also affect how fast a task can be completed. These initiatives must be driven by the managers to ensure the organization is delivering all the support team members require in order to implement their tasks properly. Without senior management support and involvement, reliability initiatives will undoubtedly struggle.
Redefining Paradigm No. 3: Reliability practices belong to the boardroom.
Actions speak louder than words
Implementation of a reliability program affects all personnel and starts with the business needs of the facility (e.g., production volume, costs, employee satisfaction, etc.). The issues affecting these objectives need to be clearly understood and prioritized. For example, assume a gearbox failed last night and caused 10 hr of downtime. Of course, the temptation is to investigate it. But how does this failure, which occurs every 6 yr, compare to the most frequent type of equipment failure on the same site (e.g., motors)?
The most common reason rotating equipment fails is due to bearing issues. So how much loss results from bearings compared to a specific equipment type? A gap in the site planning process may result in each job taking 10 min. longer than required. How does this loss, which results in less work being done, compare to the production and cost loss from bearings? Furthermore, how does communication loss compare to planning loss, and, if this is an issue, what actions are currently underway to address it?
When there is no way to compare the losses for the above examples, or the site has not tried comparing them, confusion and disagreement set in. Because different people will have different passions, the result is multiple initiatives clashing for the same limited resources and money. When this happens, progress in all initiatives slows down.
Once reliability is adopted as a measure of overall business loss, it's a lot easier to get management support for reliability initiatives, which is critical for project success. By raising the definition of reliability, it's easier to see how the lack of reliability of equipment or processes contributes to the different key performance indicators or overall equipment effectiveness.
Redefining reliability
One of the key issues in adopting this new philosophy is the difficulty in defining a reliability problem. The first question asked by management is typically, "What is causing the gap in overall equipment effectiveness or cost?" The first level answer is typically easy to see — availability might be the reason effectiveness level is low. The lower and more detailed the level at which a response is required, however, the more difficult providing that response gets due to lack of data.
A site will most likely be able to describe the most obvious availability losses, but is the most frequent type of equipment failure known? It's human nature for people to focus on what they know, which is normally equipment failures, rather than identifying major contributors to loss, such as a notoriously unreliable item like communication.
Before anything gets addressed on a plant site, it generally becomes apparent that the documentation of loss is unreliable. Improving failure codes and understanding what is slowing people down will give a far greater understanding of where focus should be directed. The most successful facilities (Secrets to the Most Successful Sites on page 14) are the ones with a systematic approach to improvement.
Reliability is one topic in which implementation falters due to lack of time. Time is created, however, by understanding that a lot of the current tasks are not getting as many results as the reliability initiatives can achieve — or that some of the initiatives being pursued are focused on issues with too long of a payback period. Luckily, you can typically free up time by simply reprioritizing your company's business needs.
Kleine is a programs manager with ABB Process Automation, South Asia Service, Rotorua, New Zealand. He can be reached at [email protected].
Sidebar: Secrets to the Most Successful Sites
Start with a business need — Key financial variables that affect the site should be identified. These variables are the ones that will make the largest difference to the profit margin of the company. For example, it's important to understand clearly if maintenance cost needs to be decreased or maintenance cost per unit produced. Many examples are available showing a reduction in spending that resulted in a loss several times that amount in lower production due to decreased reliability. The site strategy needs to emphasize the few variables where the focus should be kept.
Develop management support for the concept before it is started — Many processes are scheduled to be implemented on sites because other sites are doing it or because someone believes they will add value. Unless the senior managers are sold on the fact that these processes are critical to achieving objectives, little focus will be put on them — and they will take many times longer than necessary to implement. Excessive time to implement should be considered a loss, because it means people are not available to work on other initiatives. For this reason, fewer initiatives should be implemented simultaneously — and the ones chosen should be those managers drive and show a personal interest in.
Establish how reliability can satisfy the business needs — As mentioned earlier, there is a distinct difference between reliability (reducing the need for intervention) and consequence minimization (fixing it faster). Many people are passionate about repairing, so focus can easily turn to these issues, and reliability gets neglected. It's critical to understand that improving reliability reduces both time and cost to repair. Most other initiatives address only one or the other at a time.
Select reliability improvements based on their ability to deliver quantifiable business benefits — Many good reliability topics are chosen, but when a given task is selected, often little or no data is provided in terms of a business case or the return on investment predicted. Reliability initiatives are best focused on the most frequent issues, as these are the ones that will give the fastest evidence of improvement. Addressing an issue that only occurs every 5 yr will need another 5 yr to see any benefit.
Sustain momentum by publishing improvements — It's generally accepted that interest in an initiative will halve if no improvement is seen within three months. As the results are observed, these need to be published and shared across the organization to maintain commitment — not only by the team members, but also by senior management. Lack of evidence will result in people looking for alternative initiatives before the current ones gain traction.
Maintain quality — If a process is agreed upon, it's important to follow the process. When things get busy, there is a tendency to try to take shortcuts. This results in poorer results, fewer published improvements, and a drop in interest. Managers must show interest in the quality of work to maintain the standard.


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Dr. Clifford Christians, an internationally acclaimed scholar of communication ethics who is retired from the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, will present "Truth in a Technological Age" on Monday, March 11, at 4 p.m. at Hope College in the Fried-Hemenway Auditorium of the Martha Miller Center for Global Communication.
The public is invited. Admission is free.
Christians argues that despite the development of globalization and the capacity to communicate via technology worldwide, truth is still a non-negotiable requirement for media.
Christians is the former director of the Institutions Research and chair of the doctoral program in communications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is retired from university's faculty as research professor emeritus of communications, professor emeritus of media studies and professor emeritus of journalism. He has been a visiting scholar in philosophical ethics at Princeton University and in social ethics at the University of Chicago, and a PEW fellow in ethics at Oxford University.
He has published essays on various aspects of mass communication (including professional ethics) in "Journalism Monographs," "Journal of Broadcasting," "Journalism History," "Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network," "Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics," "Journal of Communication," "Journal of Mass Media Ethics," "Media Development," "Communication," "Qualitative Inquiry," "European Journal of Communication" and the "International Journal of Mass Communication Research."
He is a member of the Society for Philosophy and Technology and has authored several essays on communications technology for its publications. He contributed the article "Media Ethics" to the "International Encyclopedia of Communications" and an entry on "Communication Ethics" for the "Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics." He authored an issue of "Communication Research Trends" on current developments in communication ethics worldwide.
Christians completed the third edition of Rivers and Schramm's "Responsibility in Mass Communication," has co-authored "Jacques Ellul: Interpretive Essays" with Jay Van Hook, and has written "Teaching Ethics in Journalism Education" with Catherine Covert. His book by Oxford University Press was published in 1993, "Good News: Social Ethics and the Press," co-authored with John Ferre and Mark Fackler. His "Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning" with Kim Rotzoll and Mark Fackler is now in its sixth edition (Longman, 2001). His book with Michael Traber, "Communication Ethics and Universal Values," was published by Sage in 1997. In 2002 he co-edited with Sharon Bracci, "Moral Engagement in Public Life: Theorists for Contemporary Ethics." His book with colleagues Glasser, McQuail, Nordenstreng and White, "Normative Theories of the Media," is forthcoming from the University of Illinois Press.
He serves on the editorial boards of a dozen academic journals, is the former editor of Critical Studies in Media Communication, and currently edits The Ellul Forum. He has lectured or given academic papers worldwide in countries that include Belgium, Norway, Russia, Finland, Taiwan, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, England, Singapore, Korea, Scotland, Philippines, Slovenia, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Spain and Sweden.
Christians is listed in "Who's Who in America," "International Who's Who in Education" and "Outstanding Scholars of the 21st Century: Communication Ethics." The Lambda Pi Eta Honor Society of Duquesne University gave him its Ethics Scholar Award in 1999, and the Carl Couch Center for Social and Internet Research offers its Ethics Research Award annually in his name. In 2003 he won the AEJMC Presidential Award for distinguished service to journalism and mass communication education, and in 2004, AEJMC's Paul J. Deutschmann Award for Excellence in Research. He was the James A. Jaksa Ethics Scholar in Residence at the Eighth National Communication Ethics Conference in June 2004. He also holds five teaching awards from the University of Illinois.
The Martha Miller Center for Global Communication is located at 257 Columbia Ave., at the corner of Columbia Avenue and 10th Street.


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DiNozzo in Question in "Dressed to Kill" S11 E16
"Dressed to Kill" -- When DiNozzo confronts a man impersonating a Navy officer, guns are drawn and the perpetrator is left dead. The subsequent investigation uncovers that the only eyewitness is DiNozzo's father, who is in town to disclose a secret to his son, on the 250th episode of NCIS, on Tuesday, March 4 (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network. Pictured left to right: Sean Murray, Michael Weatherly and Mark Harmon Photo: Richard Cartwright/CBS ©2014 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved


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Sanford Health Buys Biotech Company Hematech
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) - Dakotas-based Sanford Health says it has acquired Sioux Falls-based biotech company Hematech.
Hematech is a subsidiary of Japanese pharmaceutical company Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd. Sanford Health is based in Sioux Falls, S.D., and Fargo, N.D.
Sanford says the new company will be rebranded Sanford Applied Biosciences LLC. Terms of the Dec. 31 deal were not disclosed.
Sanford senior executive vice president Dave Link says Hematech has been conducting cutting-edge research in Sioux Falls for more than a decade. Links says that by coming together, Sanford can build on Hematech's expertise and technology and bring about new solutions to serious health issues.
Hematech occupies more than 20,000 square feet of laboratory and office space in the Sioux Falls Technology Park.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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The American Psychiatric Association has formed working committees to revise by 2011 its Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM), the definitive resource on the Diagnostic Criteria for all mental disorders. Statements currently within the DSM Paraphilias criteria are contradicted by scientific evidence, therefore NCSF must conclude that the interpretation of the Paraphilias criteria has been politically – not scientifically – based. This politically motivated interpretation subjects BDSM practitioners, fetishists and cross-dressers to bias, discrimination and social sanctions without any scientific basis. We call on the American Psychiatric Association to remove or drastically restructure the Paraphilias section in the DSM.
The American Psychiatric Association's Paraphilias Subworkgroup Agrees: Kinky is NOT a Diagnosis!
In the proposals for the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM-V), alternative sexual behavior has been depathologized. NCSF applauds the American Psychiatric Association's Paraphilias Subworkgroup's revisions which state that you can be a fetishist, transvestite, sadist or masochist without having a mental disorder. More work needs to be done but this is an important first step!
Read more about the project. Included is relevant PR responses from the revision committee members as well as our responses to them.


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Six days after nearly knocking off the NFL's best team, the Ravens looked like the league's worst one.
Playing without both first-string cornerbacks and without any execution, the Ravens flopped to a 44-20 blowout loss to the Indianapolis Colts at M&T Bank Stadium last night.
The Ravens' seventh straight loss was as painful as it was embarrassing - their offense, defense and special teams constantly tripped over themselves - and sealed the team's second losing season in three seasons.
The Ravens' offense turned the ball over five times, including three interceptions and one fumble by Kyle Boller. Their defense allowed the most points against it since November 1998. Only a last-minute touchdown by backup quarterback Troy Smith allowed the Ravens to avoid matching the largest margin of defeat in the Brian Billick era.
"We didn't compete," receiver Derrick Mason said. "In this league, in order to be considered one of the elite teams, you got to do it week in and week out. We showed a level of competitiveness last week. We didn't show it this week. I don't know why. As players, you got to be able to get up each and every game regardless of who you're playing and what you're playing for."
Mason added: "This one hurts. I think it comes to a point where you should get tired of walking into a locker room with the same look on your face and the same old feeling. As a competitor, you should want it to change."
If last week's three-point loss to the unbeaten New England Patriots was the high point of the season, last night's defeat was clearly the low one.
A national audience again witnessed the Ravens at their worst. Sloppy tackling and poor coverage on defense, two turnovers on offense and a blocked punt all led to a 30-0 hole just 18:03 into the game and prompted swarms of fans to head out of the stadium.
About one-third of the sellout crowd remained at halftime and those fans booed as the Ravens headed off the field.
"It was hugely disappointing to our fans, players and organization to not follow up with a better game than that," Billick said. "All we know to do is go back and work. I wish there was a better answer than that, but I don't have it."
Boller had his worst effort in seven starts this season. After looking poised last week, he was 19 of 25 for 132 yards, his fewest passing yards in a start since 2004.
"They were much more ready to play than us," Boller said. "We can't play the way we did and expect to be in a game, let alone win it."
The impending disaster built up throughout the night.
After the NFL's afternoon games, the last-place Ravens (4-9) were mathematically eliminated from the playoffs for the third time in four years.
Just before game time, the Ravens learned Samari Rolle had re-injured his shoulder in the locker room and would join their other starting cornerback ( Chris McAlister, knee) on the sideline.
On the game's opening drive, Colts quarterback Peyton Manning effortlessly drove down the field, picking on backup cornerback David Pittman on four of his first six passes. The last time was when Reggie Wayne beat Pittman down the right sideline and caught a 34-yard touchdown pass in stride.
"[Playing without McAlister and Rolle] forced a lot of young guys to have to step up," linebacker Bart Scott said. "Peyton saw blood in the water and went after it."
On the Ravens' first drive, running back Willis McGahee fumbled on the team's fourth play, setting up Indianapolis at the Ravens' 12. Two plays later, Colts running back Joseph Addai scored a 1-yard touchdown to increase the margin to 14-0.
On the ninth play of the Ravens' second drive, Boller was intercepted when linebacker Gary Brackett undercut an inside route by Derrick Mason and returned the pick 49 yards to the Ravens' 19. One play later, Manning casually tossed a 19-yard touchdown pass to Addai, who was left uncovered on the left sideline.
Down 21-0, Ravens coach Brian Billick wasn't playfully blowing kisses to opposing players this time. He was a picture of disbelief as cameras caught him saying "Wow" to himself.
After the Ravens couldn't manage a first down on offense, punter Sam Koch had a punt blocked for the first time in his two-year career. It was knocked 30 yards through the end zone for a safety.
The Colts (11-2) extended their advantage to 30-0 on an 11-yard run by Addai before the Ravens ended their shutout with a 94-yard kickoff return by Yamon Figurs, the only bright spot in a woeful first half.
Asked about the difference in the Ravens' effort from last week to this one, offensive tackle Jonathan Ogden pointed to turnovers, which the Colts converted into 21 points last night.
"We're not good enough offensively that we can do that," Ogden said. "We're not good enough to do that to our defense."
Holding a 44-7 lead, the Colts mercifully pulled Manning out of the game with 8:10 left in the third quarter. Manning finished 13 of 17 for 249 yards and four touchdowns. His quarterback rating was 157.5 (out of a possible 158.3).
The Ravens have sole possession of last place in the AFC North for the first time this season. This is the longest losing streak by a Baltimore NFL team since the Colts dropped 14 in a row in 1981.
Now, the Ravens will get to measure themselves against the NFL's worst team when they play the winless Miami Dolphins on Sunday.
"We ain't going to quit," Scott said. "You don't want to be the guy on Miami's record ... [where] the only team they beat was the Ravens."


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I can't remember where I heard this, but it stuck in my mind.
How many movements are there in a kata? Take Naihanchi Shodan. How many movements are there? Take Kusanku. How many?
The anwer is "one." The only movement that counts in any kata is the movement that you are doing. The one that you just did is over. The one that comes next has not yet begun. Only the one you are doing counts. It requires 100% of your attention and effort. Thinking back or ahead only subtracts from the movement at hand.
Doing any movement with 100% of your attention and effort is the practice of kata. Kata is not simply the sequence or pattern. With one perfect movement, the kata is perfect.
Kata is not a question of how many but of how well.
Charles C. Goodin
How Many Movements in a Kata?
I can't remember where I heard this, but it stuck in my mind.
Posted by Charles C. Goodin on Wednesday, May 23, 2007