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Human genome, all of the approximately three billion base pairs of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that make up the entire set of chromosomes of the human organism. The human genome includes the coding regions of DNA, which encode all the genes (between 20,000 and 25,000) of the human organism, as well as the noncoding regions of DNA, which do not encode any genes. By 2003 the DNA sequence of the entire human genome was known.
The human genome, like the genomes of all other living animals, is a collection of long polymers of DNA. These polymers are maintained in duplicate copy in the form of chromosomes in every human cell and encode in their sequence of constituent bases (guanine [G], adenine [A], thymine [T], and cytosine [C]) the details of the molecular and physical characteristics that form the corresponding organism. The sequence of these polymers, their organization and structure, and the chemical modifications they contain not only provide the machinery needed to express the information held within the genome but also provide the genome with the capability to replicate, repair, package, and otherwise maintain itself. In addition, the genome is essential for the survival of the human organism; without it no cell or tissue could live beyond a short period of time. For example, red blood cells (erythrocytes), which live for only about 120 days, and skin cells, which on average live for only about 17 days, must be renewed to maintain the viability of the human body, and it is within the genome that the fundamental information for the renewal of these cells, and many other types of cells, is found.
The human genome is not uniform. Excepting identical (monozygous) twins, no two humans on Earth share exactly the same genomic sequence. Further, the human genome is not static. Subtle and sometimes not so subtle changes arise with startling frequency. Some of these changes are neutral or even advantageous; these are passed from parent to child and eventually become commonplace in the population. Other changes may be detrimental, resulting in reduced survival or decreased fertility of those individuals who harbour them; these changes tend to be rare in the population. The genome of modern humans, therefore, is a record of the trials and successes of the generations that have come before. Reflected in the variation of the modern genome is the range of diversity that underlies what are typical traits of the human species. There is also evidence in the human genome of the continuing burden of detrimental variations that sometimes lead to disease.
Knowledge of the human genome provides an understanding of the origin of the human species, the relationships between subpopulations of humans, and the health tendencies or disease risks of individual humans. Indeed, in the past 20 years knowledge of the sequence and structure of the human genome has revolutionized many fields of study, including medicine, anthropology, and forensics. With technological advances that enable inexpensive and expanded access to genomic information, the amount of and the potential applications for the information that is extracted from the human genome is extraordinary.
Role of the human genome in research
Since the 1980s there has been an explosion in genetic and genomic research. The combination of the discovery of the polymerase chain reaction, improvements in DNA sequencing technologies, advances in bioinformatics (mathematical biological analysis), and increased availability of faster, cheaper computing power has given scientists the ability to discern and interpret vast amounts of genetic information from tiny samples of biological material. Further, methodologies such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have enabled the detection of the organization and copy number of specific sequences in a given genome.
Understanding the origin of the human genome is of particular interest to many researchers since the genome is indicative of the evolution of humans. The public availability of full or almost full genomic sequence databases for humans and a multitude of other species has allowed researchers to compare and contrast genomic information between individuals, populations, and species. From the similarities and differences observed, it is possible to track the origins of the human genome and to see evidence of how the human species has expanded and migrated to occupy the planet.
Origins of the human genome
Comparisons of specific DNA sequences between humans and their closest living relative, the chimpanzee, reveal 99 percent identity, although the homology drops to 96 percent if insertions and deletions in the organization of those sequences are taken into account. This degree of sequence variation between humans and chimpanzees is only about 10-fold greater than that seen between two unrelated humans. From comparisons of the human genome with the genomes of other species, it is clear that the genome of modern humans shares common ancestry with the genomes of all other animals on the planet and that the modern human genome arose between 150,000 and 300,000 years ago.
Ongoing collaboration between archaeologists, anthropologists, and molecular geneticists at the Max Planck Institute in Germany and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Joint Genome Institute in the United States has enabled sequence comparisons between modern humans (Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals (H. neanderthalensis). The data obtained so far demonstrate that modern humans and Neanderthals share about 99.5 percent genome sequence identity; some scientists have claimed that sequence identity may actually be as high as 99.9 percent.
Research suggests that populations of H. sapiens split from H. neanderthalensis ancestral populations perhaps as recently as 370,000 years ago and likely shared a common ancestor some 500,000–700,000 years ago. Genomic studies have indicated that there was almost no interbreeding between H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis. This suggests that when Neanderthals, the last of the Homo relatives of modern humans, became extinct about 30,000 years ago, only modern humans were left to populate Earth. However, other research has revealed that modern H. sapiens in Eurasia, specifically peoples in Europe, China, and Papua New Guinea, have genomes that are more similar to the Neanderthal genome than they are to the genomes of modern H. sapiens in Africa. Scientists estimate that 1 to 4 percent of DNA of modern Eurasians is shared with Neanderthals, a level of similarity that is not found between Neanderthals and modern Africans. These findings indicate that limited interbreeding and gene flow took place between Neanderthals and ancestral H. sapiens populations after the latter migrated out of Africa but before they dispersed to other parts of the world.
Comparing the DNA sequences of groups of modern humans from different continents also allows scientists to define the relationships and even the ages of these different populations. By combining these genetic data with archeological and linguistic information, anthropologists have been able to discern the origins of Homo sapiens in Africa and to track the timing and location of the waves of human migration out of Africa that led to the eventual spread of humans to other continents of the globe. For example, genetic evidence indicates that the first humans migrated out of Africa approximately 60,000 years ago, settling in southern Europe, the Middle East, southern Asia, and Australia. From there, subsequent and sequential migrations brought humans to northern Eurasia and across what was then a land bridge to North America and finally to South America.
As humans migrated across the continents, sequence variations arose that became differentially fixed in different populations. Some variations likely reflect what are called founder effects, changes in gene frequency that occur in small populations. Founder effects are generally characterized by genes that are expressed with increasing frequency from one generation to the next and can be traced back to the original founders of the population. Other variations reflect differential selective pressures at work. For example, populations living in equatorial climates were under strong selective pressure that favoured dark skin colour to protect against extreme sun exposure, thereby decreasing the deleterious health effects caused by sunburn and skin cancer. In contrast, populations migrating to more polar latitudes, where levels of sun exposure are relatively low, experienced strong selective pressure that favoured light skin colour, thereby facilitating the absorption of sunlight by the skin for the synthesis of vitamin D. In northern Europe and Scandinavia, therefore, individuals with genetic variations leading to lighter skin colour were less likely to become vitamin D deficient and suffer from the bone disease known as rickets.
Social impacts of human genome research
Databases have been compiled that list and summarize specific DNA variations that are common in certain human populations but not in others. Because the underlying DNA sequences are passed from parent to child in a stable manner, these genetic variations provide a tool for distinguishing the members of one population from those of the other. Public genetic ancestry projects, in which small samples of DNA can be submitted and analyzed, have allowed individuals to trace the continental or even subcontinental origins of their most ancient ancestors.
The role of genetics in defining traits and health risks for individuals has been recognized for generations. Long before DNA or genomes were understood, it was clear that many traits tended to run in families and that family history was one of the strongest predictors of health or disease. Knowledge of the human genome has advanced that realization, enabling studies that have identified the genes and even specific sequence variations that contribute to a multitude of traits and disease risks. With this information in hand, health care professionals are able to practice predictive medicine, which translates in the best of scenarios to preventative medicine. Indeed, presymptomatic genetic diagnoses have enabled countless people to live longer and healthier lives. For example, mutations responsible for familial cancers of the breast and colon have been identified, enabling presymptomatic testing of individuals in at-risk families. Individuals who carry the mutant gene or genes are counseled to seek heightened surveillance. In this way, if and when cancer appears, these individuals can be diagnosed early, when the cancers are most effectively treated.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Human Genome Project…organism, otherwise known as the human genome.…
ENCODE…the functional elements of the human genome. ENCODE was conceived by researchers at the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) as a follow-on to the Human Genome Project (HGP; 1990–2003), which had produced a massive amount of DNA sequence data but had not involved comprehensive analysis of specific genomic…
bioinformatics: The data of bioinformatics…the length of a single human genome; a decade later they contained more than 283 billion nucleotides, the length of about 95 human genomes. The U.S. National Institutes of Health has challenged researchers by setting a goal to reduce the cost of sequencing a human genome to $1,000; this would…
International HapMap Project(haploid genotype) map of the human genome. A haplotype is a set of alleles (differing forms of genes) that occur close together on a single chromosome and tend to be inherited together. By identifying haplotypes and mapping their chromosomal locations, scientists are able to associate genetic variants with specific diseases…
More About Human genome5 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- bioinformatics
- In ENCODE
- evolution
- Human Genome Project
- International HapMap Project


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That's really impressive! I'll have to admit: I am starting to develop faith in Microsoft which I've never had in my young life.
Me, I've thrown IE6 out the window (while still supporting IE7). But objectively speaking, the rest are right: IE6 and 7 will still be around for the years to come (two, three?), and in order to move forward we'll probably have to draw a line precise to the very micron. I concur especially with David regarding the adoption of IE8 and the practicality of CSS tables as it is now. He's certainly hit the nail on the head.

subset: commoncrawl


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1 syllable
- bruhn, brun, brunn, bun, bunn, byun, chun, chunn, done, donne, dun, dunn, dunne, fun, gruhn, grun, gun, gunn, hon, huhn, hun, hunn, hyun, in, jun, kuhne, kun, luhn, lun, lunn, mun, munn, none, nuhn, nun, nunn, one, pun, run, runt, shun, son, spun, stun, sun, thrun, thun, ton, tonne, un, won, youn, yun
2 syllables
- begun, c1, homerun, lajeune, m1, mcfun, mcmunn, outdone, outrun, redone, rerun, undone
3 syllables
- overdone, puget-1, simeone, terrebonne
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What If: LeBron Stayed in Cleveland
With all the speculation over LeBron's destination next season we consider what if he stayed put Cleveland.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: It would definitely have been a completely different NBA.
LeBron Hints He May Become A Laker.
Today In NBA History 2002: Michael Jordan Returns For Washington Wizards
11 years ago today, the greatest basketball player of all-time returned to the court for the team he partially owned.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: It's easy to forget how productive Jordan was in two years playing for the Wizards.
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Brandon Jennings Claims The Game Sucker Punched Him.
K Michelle Hits Jackpot. Reportedly Pregnant by NBA Star Lance Stevenson.
Rapper The Game Punches Brandon Jennings in the Mouth.
Deron Williams Hosts Annual Dodgeball Tournament "Dodge Barrage 2013"
Celebrity golf events are played out.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: Seeing Williams hobble around with a protective boot on his ankle had to be disconcerting for Nets fans.
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New shoes. New apparel. New season. D Rose is BACK.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Feels like Derrick Rose hasn't missed a beat.
Top 5 Most Exciting NBA Teams to Watch in 2014
The Miami Heat and Oklahoma City Thunder will be contenders in 2014, but which team has the best player and coach personnel to be a new and exciting NBA team?
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Everybody likes an underdog and here are five teams best poised to fill that very role in the 2013-14 NBA season.
LeBron Honeymoon pics in Rome leaked.
The media blackout is over and we got the pics of LeBron and Savannah on their honeymoon.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Looks like they've put all the accusations and scandal far behind them in these photos.
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Three of the most legendary performances at Rucker Park
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Hoopsvibe's quick call: If you ball it up at Rucker, you go down in history. This article features three historic performances.
A$AP Rocky and adidas collide for JS Wings 2.0 Black Flag
Hip Hop and Basketball Styles are Never Far Apart.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: With the color pallet being all black it's a little tough to see all the cool features, but they are definitely there.
Basketball Rules – Fouls & Penalties
You got to know the rules to break them.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Here's the info on what's what, so you know what's going on.
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HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: White just can't stay out of the headlines.
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Kobe Bryant is coming off a debilitating injury, but if anybody can have a successful recovery, it's him.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call – Laker Nation also has high expectations for their aging superstar, but the question still remains: when will he return and how good will he be?


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People on the 7th floor at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center say the doctor arrived about 7:30 AM Saturday. We're told Britney did not invite him in; she didn't even know he was coming. Sources say it was Brit's parents who told Dr. Phil to go to the hospital. When he walked into her room, we're told, a blindsided Britney walked out -- and eventually came back.
Sources say Phil tried speaking with Spears for about 15 minutes -- not an hour as Dr. Phil's press release states -- but she wanted none of it. We're told Phil was doing almost all the talking. As for walking with her to the car on her way out -- again, as his release states -- we're told if he was walking behind her, that's news to her. She absolutely was not accompanied by him.
Sources say Dr. Phil somehow convinced Brit's mom and dad to be on his show, which will tape Monday and air Tuesday (it was just moved up a day), but as one person put it, "Based on the interaction between Dr. Phil and Britney this morning, it'll be a cold day in hell before Britney goes on his show." We're told she absolutely will not appear on the program.
Sources say Dr. Phil wants to do a television intervention, something that isn't sitting well with some of the people who have known for a while that Britney has a very serious mental condition -- likely a bipolar disorder that is now in the red zone.
TMZ contacted Cedars to find out why the hospital let a television doctor on a floor that has such fragile patients, particularly since Britney had no idea he was coming. It's especially troublesome that Cedars let Dr. Phil go uninvited to Britney's room, since she had already been discharged and presumably had a right to know if someone wanted to visit. A Cedars rep made it short and sweet, telling us, "No comment."
A rep from the "Dr. Phil" show had no comment as well, other than "Dr. Phil met with Ms. Spears at family members' invitation."


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space-related agency of the United States government
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the civilian space program of the United States, and for its long-term aerospace research. This page is for quotes about NASA.
- For the benefit of all.
- NASA motto.
- The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States that activities in space should be devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all mankind.
- National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, which created NASA, signed by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower (29 July 1958)
- To improve life here. To extend life to there. To find life beyond.
- The NASA Vision
- To understand and protect our home planet, To explore the universe and search for life, To inspire the next generation of explorers.
- NASA Mission
- Shaping the Future: Launching New Endeavors to Inspire the Next Generation of Explorers.
- Motto of NASA's Office of Education
- NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Where else but in Texas would men set up to administer space?
- James Cameron, in Cameron Country, broadcast on BBC TV, July 12, 1969.
- There's been a lot of discussion about NASA culture and changing that. I think our culture has always been one of trying to do a very difficult job and do it well.
- Mark E. Kelly in an an interview prior to STS-121
- It [Traveling to Mars] is important for our future. If the dinosaurs had a space program, they'd still be here.


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ST. LOUIS -- It's Matt Carpenter's turn.
The St. Louis Cardinals second baseman is an All-Star, a legitimate MVP candidate, the National League leader in runs, hits and doubles.
He wasn't even sure he was a second baseman until May. Now, he's another homegrown hero coming along at just the right time to help maintain the Cardinals' status as World Series contenders.
After all, it's the Cardinals Way.
One of baseball's most storied franchises is now a consistent juggernaut — on pace for its fourth playoff berth in five seasons — thanks to what can best be described as organizational mastery:
Identify and draft talented and versatile players. Teach them a wide variety of skills. Impart consistent franchise philosophies across all affiliates. And watch previously unheralded players flourish at the major league level.
It's a recurring theme: Third baseman David Freese and outfielder-first baseman Allen Craig became unlikely stars for an unlikely 2011 World Series winner, before Craig became the guy who has replaced and outhit Albert Pujols over the last two seasons and become a cornerstone of manager Mike Matheny's roster.
More recently, in the heat of a difficult National League Central race, 25-year-old Matt Adams, a 2009 23rd-round draft pick, has stepped up, hitting two extra-inning home runs to win a crucial game at the Cincinnati Reds. Adams is filling in for injured Craig, who two years ago was just like Adams: an unheralded product of the St. Louis farm system looking to prove he could play in the major leagues.
It's what the Cardinals do.
"The path that I've taken to get here — and Allen (took) — it's not your typical way," says Carpenter, a 13th-round draft pick who played five positions last season but earned his way into a regular role this season (he's still played three other positions) and found himself alongside Craig at the All-Star Game. "To see it pay off is pretty rewarding."
It is not your typical way, but it's the Cardinals Way.
They're often names familiar only to ultra-loyal St. Louis fans or your neighborhood fantasy geek.
But there always seems to be another one coming from a farm system that has become one of the game's most prolific.
"Next man up, the next guy is going to get it done," Matheny said Sunday after the sweep of the previously division-leading Pittsburgh Pirates was finished off by pitcher Michael Wacha, a 22-year-old making his sixth major league start.
"Expectations are high," general manager John Mozeliak says. "They embrace it."
And that's something of a learned trait in the Cardinals organization.
Philosophy's Roots are deep
That "next man up" philosophy goes back a half-century or so in an organization in which a coaching and development lifer named George Kissell — considered the godfather of how the Cards develop players — became as legendary as Hall of Famers such as Stan Musial and Red Schoendienst.
It stretches into the future in places such as Johnson City, Tenn., and Peoria, Ill., two of the Cardinals' Class A outposts.
"It seems like we're doing something magical," says former big-league catcher Dann Bilardello, in his first year managing the Class A team in Peoria and in his seventh season in the organization.
"In reality, we keep a consistent staff, and we consistently teach the right things."
They talk about the Cardinals Way in almost reverential tones. In seeking to explain it, players offer varying interpretations of the same theme.
"They preach how to get better but win at the same time," says pitcher Lance Lynn, who is a 31-17 since joining the St. Louis rotation last season.
"The Cardinal Way is simply being held accountable for your actions," Carpenter says. "It's integrity, playing hard, working hard, doing all the little things right."
Says Adams, "We're here to win a championship, and if you're not like that, you're just out there playing."
Adams figures he wouldn't be in the majors without the hours coaches spent working with him on defensive footwork or the in-season and offseason improvement plans he was given.
The teaching that Bilardello talks about is a difference-maker. It has to be, considering the success of players who, as Mozeliak says, "weren't necessarily high-profile, cover of Baseball America guys."
Yet the Cardinals turn them into household names.
"When Matt Carpenter first got here, would you have said he's going to be an All-Star? Allen Craig: What position? What's he going to do?" Bilardello asks.
"There's a lot of credit with scouting and everything else. But it's the players. They're the people who make our decisions hard or easy and, they make our decisions to say, 'Man, he deserves a shot.'"
Says Craig, who played every infield position as well as left and right field in the minors as the Cardinals sought a home for his offensive skills, "Every step of the way, I think I've had a coach who told me something that stuck."
Perfecting skills is focus
If you're looking for a secret formula, don't bother breaking into the Cardinals offices. They're what has become a fairly typical mix of traditional scouting and development people plus a healthy dose of statistical analysis.
"From an organizational philosophy, we embrace our past, we focus on today but have an eye for the future," says Mozeliak, who has been general manager since October 2007 and arguably holds the strongest sway over baseball operations since Whitey Herzog was building championship teams in the 1980s.
"The character theme gets a lot of play in this organization. We're certainly grateful for that reputation. But how we get there is not like a secret recipe. It comes down to strong scouts who understand what they're looking for and what will fit into our model. Then, once (players) get here, what the expectations are from our uniform staff."
What are they looking for?
"We look at what skills they have," Mozeliak says.
But they also try to perfect those skills.
Charlie Tilson is a 20-year-old outfielder the Cardinals took out of high school in the second round of the 2011 draft. Growing up in suburban Chicago, he didn't have the game repetition of some highly regarded Sun Belt kids.
In his first pro offseason, he was invited to St. Louis to work with veteran outfielder Matt Holliday.
"It was me, Ryan Jackson, Matt Adams and Kolten Wong (all fellow farmhands and now current Cardinals), and he took us through everything he does and how he prepares," Tilson says.
Tilson was sent to Peoria this year to get regular at-bats, and he hit .303.
"Obviously, I knew I belong," Tilson says.
Says Mozeliak, "Think of it as raw materials. When you're thinking about how to build something, he had a nice set of tools."
That's why, Mozeliak says, "we try to wear the more innovative hat."
Translation: Your position in the minors won't necessarily be your position in the majors. It's also why the Cardinals have tried to get one of Tilson's teammates, speedy outfielder C.J. McElroy (son of former major league pitcher Chuck McElroy) to bat left-handed in order to be a bigger threat as a leadoff man.
Model in action
That innovation carries over to the major league level.
Sure, they have their blue-chippers. Wacha was a 2012 first-rounder on the fast track; he also is one of 12 25-and-under pitchers the Cardinals have used this season.
Of the 12 offensive players with the most at-bats for St. Louis this year, all but Holliday and fellow outfielder Carlos Beltran are graduates of the farm system. Of the homegrown 10, only Freese and catcher Yadier Molina have turned 30.
No wonder Houston Astros general manager Jeff Luhnow, whose previous job was overseeing the Cardinals system, says of his franchise's rebuilding effort, "There are pieces of the Cardinals Way all over. We're bringing those to Houston."
And the Cardinals keep bringing theirs to St. Louis.
Wong is a 2011 first-rounder who made his debut last month.
"As soon as I got drafted, that day at Busch Stadium, I took BP," Wong says. "They told me to take some ground balls, and instantly (longtime coach) Jose Oquendo found something I could have done differently. Then turning double plays, he said, 'You can't do it that way, you do it this way.' From Day 1, it was a learning experience for me daily."
Back in Peoria, Bilardello has yet another player to "exploit that value," as he puts it: Breyvic Valera, 21, who calls himself a second baseman. Maybe so, but he also played shortstop, third base, left field and right field for Peoria this year.
Such multitasking is often a last resort for a player with deficiencies. But switch-hitting Valera is a legitimate prospect. He hit .309 for Peoria while showing up every day not knowing where he would play.
That versatility is what got Carpenter and Craig to the big leagues. And it's part of the message the Cardinals want to get across.
"They see there's a chance," Mozeliak says. "They see how many homegrown players we have in the big leagues. The level of optimism in a minor league clubhouse is high."
That tenor carries right through the system.
"You don't want to have that asterisk next to your name. 'Oh, this guy doesn't want to work hard,'" Adams says. "You want to get it so you're not that different person in the Cardinals system."
And it's all part of why the Cardinals think their young players have been so successful, especially in 2011. Freese was MVP of the NL Championship Series and the World Series; Craig hit three homers in their seven-game conquest of the Texas Rangers.
"When you have the kind of October they had in '11, there's a lot of growing up going on," Mozeliak says. "But I would also say that group was competitive throughout their careers. Nobody seemed (fearful) because they'd played enough playoff games. The stage was different, but they look like they embraced it."
They continue to embrace it, to expect success.
"It helps when people look at what guys do well, not at what they don't do well," Craig says. "That's part of the development we've had."
And a large part of the Cardinals Way.
"Nothing is done without a lot of things (going) right for us," Mozeliak says. "I assure you, it's not easy.
"I take a lot of pride in this."


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Colorado Public Radio transmits signals from AM and FM station and translator antennas across the state. All radio reception is affected by distance, physical obstacles and other broadcast signals. But often the handicaps imposed on radio signals can be lessened with relatively simple enhancements. Below are some general tips and a few examples of the kinds of antennas that may improve your reception. At the end we suggest some places to find a wide array of antennas to help you enjoy your radio more.
Reception Tips
How do I improve FM reception?
FM broadcasts deliver greater audio fidelity and are less susceptible to static, but they do have their own reception-related challenges. All radio waves travel in straight lines, and an unobstructed, line-of-sight path to a transmitting antenna makes for the best FM reception. Naturally, the farther the signal reaches, the weaker it gets, especially when out of line-of-sight. And when there are reflecting surfaces-tall buildings or mountains, for instance-near your receiving antenna, FM radio waves are also prone to a disturbance known as "multi-path." Like ripples in a small pool, these multiplied waves can cancel out the original broadcast signal at select points.
Because of multi-path reception, car radios are usually the worst receivers for FM. As your car moves, your antenna gathers signal reflections from multiple directions, wiping out the stereo portion of the signal and adding noise. One solution is to shorten the height of your antenna, reducing the sensitivity of your tuner so that it locks in on only the main broadcast signal.
Portable and desktop radios often have telescoping antennas or use the power cord or headphone cord as the antenna. When using one of these receivers, the position of the unit and the orientation of the antenna can be critical. If your receiver uses its power cord as an antenna, stretching out or moving the cord can improve reception. The same is true for units using the headphone cord as the radio antenna.
Most high-end component AM/FM stereo receivers require an external antenna, and many manufacturers supply the simplest kind: a T-shaped, flexible wire antenna called a dipole antenna. Attach this to the receiver's antenna terminals and orient the dipole as needed for best reception. If the dipole offers no appreciable improvement, you may need an external antenna. Designed specifically for FM reception, these look like TV antennas and are usually installed on a roof, on the sides of buildings or in an attic. Again, after connecting the antenna to your receiver, orient it until you get the best reception.
What is the difference between mono and stereo FM?
Mono operation gives an FM signal the best range, generally adding 30% to the useable distance over which listeners can hear a broadcast signal clearly. For radio formats in which spoken word predominates, mono is often a better choice.
FM reception problems are magnified by stereo broadcasting because of the receiver's increased susceptibility to noise in the stereo mode. A stereo FM receiver has a noise admitting bandwidth of 53 kilohertz, compared to about 15 kilohertz for mono. Through the stereo decoder circuit, all the AM noise above 19 Khz demodulates back into the 15KHz audio spectrum. This amounts to about an 11dB increase of noise intensity.
In addition, a left or right signal modulates the main and sub carriers just 45 percent each. This means that the recovered main and subcarrier signals are noisier than a mono signal by 6.9dB. When these are dematrixed, the net resulting noise is the RMS sum of the left and right channel noise that equals 1.4 times 6.9 or 9.8dB. The total net stereo reception noise is therefore 9.8dB + 11dB = 20.8dB worse than mono reception. In a good receiver that is fully quieted, the stereo noise will be sufficiently low. However, even the slightest reception problems that produce noise or distortion will be exaggerated on a stereo receiver -- 21dB more than what's heard from a mono receiver. Manufacturers recognize this problem, and include a mono switch on their stereo tuners so listeners can tame troublesome FM stations.
What affects AM reception?
AM reception, which travels both on the ground and through the air, is prone to interference by a variety of sources: other radio stations, lightning storms, and nightfall, when an outlying AM station's signal can reflect off the ionosphere and skip over areas that receive the signal during the day.
How do I improve AM reception?
With their external antennas, car radios tend to receive AM radio best, but sound and signal quality varies from car to car. Cars that employ their rear window defrosters as antennas may receive AM signals better than those with traditional external antennas; some people can find improvement by replacing their factory-installed antenna with an aftermarket antenna of higher quality. Reception may be disturbed as a car moves from one location to another, passing in and out of areas where the signal is obstructed by power lines or tall buildings.
Portable and desktop radios also often work well with AM broadcasts. Many contain internal, ferrite loop antennas; sometimes the power cord is also the antenna. These antennas are relatively directional, meaning that the quality of the received signal changes depending on where you put the radio. You may improve reception simply by moving your radio around until you are able to catch more of the signal. In some cases an external AM antenna may improve reception with a portable radio as it does with a component receiver.
When it comes to AM reception, not all component AM/FM receivers are created equal. Some have built-in antennas; some do not. Many high-end receivers, however, do have an external connection for an AM loop antenna, which might have come with the receiver when you purchased it. If your stereo receives AM poorly or not at all, you will need to install this loop antenna-usually a rectangular piece of plastic with two wires that connect to two screws on your receiver-and orient it appropriately for the best reception.
Better external loop antennas are also available. These are usually 8 to 12 inches in diameter and can be oriented and tuned just like you tune your radio to help eliminate nighttime interference and noise. Some must be hooked up directly to the external connections on your receiver; others need only be placed in close proximity to your receiver's existing AM antenna.
Where can I get AM or FM antennas?
First, a word of caution: Make sure that any antenna you purchase is returnable if it does not give you the result you desire. That said, there are many sites both locally and on the Internet that offer antennas or the instructions necessary for building your own.
Radio Shack and similar electronic and hardware stores often stock antennas for both AM and FM reception. A good AM loop antenna sells for $10 to $50 depending on features and looks. FM antennas and combined AM/FM antennas are often available as well, for prices that can range from $20 to $200 depending on the features you want. Often it is best to call around first to find someone knowledgeable about radio antennas. And there are also many online resources, including:
If you find a good source for information and products for improving reception,
please let us know, either by calling 1-800-722-4449 or by contacting us online.


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Continuing education in acupuncture is common for many acupuncturists. One of the biggest reasons for this is so that they can expand their practice into other areas of oriental medicine. Many acupuncturists pursue continuing education as a means to stay abreast of current and alternative techniques in this ancient art of healing.
Acupuncture is an ancient and complex art. Knowing alternative methods and techniques of acupuncture in addition to being skilled at other types of oriental medicine may help make you more valuable as a practitioner. As the healthcare community begins to recognize acupuncture and other alternative medicines, the demand for versatile acupuncturists may increase.
Continuing education in acupuncture is an ongoing process for many acupuncturists. Many institutions offer programs related to acupuncture designed to meet the needs of working adults, featuring evening and weekend classes. Another growingly poplar option is continuing acupuncture education online, which can be taken at the student's convenience. However, these may be limited in scope due to a lack of physical contact. It's important to make sure that your continuing education in acupuncture will appropriately meet your needs.
Continuing education programs that are related to acupuncture include:
- Acupuncture Technique
- Point Location
- Herbology
- Drugless Substances
- Nutrition
- Exercise
- Oriental Massage
- Acupressure
- Moxibustion
- Breathing Techniques


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Get FREE Companion Airfare*
It's the perfect time to purchase a new BlackBerry device, because you'll receive free companion airfare good for travel anywhere in the Continental U.S. and Canada. And right now, you can also enter for a chance to win the BlackBerry "Live Large Custom Getaway" valued at $15,000*.
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For companies that want to get up and running quickly with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server in a "pay as you grow" format.
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Surprisingly, many organizations lack formal policies to help protect handheld devices from unauthorized access. Start with a plan for verifying password integrity and implementing policies that encourage sound password habits.
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SalesNOW Trial Offer for Insurance Professionals
Between sales calls. Stuck in a cab. Waiting in a lobby. Turn your down time into productive time with SalesNOW on a BlackBerry® device. SalesNOW for insurance is a contact and deal management tool specifically designed for the insurance sales professionals to use on their BlackBerry device.
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The most advanced BlackBerry headset yet, it's packed with features to ensure call privacy, wearable comfort and portability. Top features include: 128-bit encryption, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) reducing background noise for improved sound quality, voice-activated dialing, last number redial and more.
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Stop the Evil Scientist as he plots to open a trans-dimensional portal to a place where monsters dwell and nightmares are born—the Haunted Planet. Includes 17 levels of action and hordes of monsters! Use your BlackBerry Connection discount code 52E4237 to save 20% at checkout.
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With a simple click of the menu button, BlackBerry users can translate their email or text message into one of fifteen available languages, including: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Farsi, Hebrew, Korean, Polish, Russian, Turkish and Ukrainian. Winner of the 2006 BlackBerry Developer Productivity Tools Challenge.
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Seven News Reporter's Flawless Recovery
A Seven News reporter has shown she's not to be messed with her during a live cross. Talented reporter Estelle Griepink had just begun her report from Flemington Race Course when an intoxicated woman attempted to snatch her microphone.
Remarkably Ms Griepink managed to rip it back and flawlessly finish her cross. What a professional!The stunning journo even managed to see the funny side of things sharing the clip on Twitter with the caption:' When crosses go wrong.'
It might have gone wrong, but what a recovery.
Hear what Jodie & Soda had to say about the incident:


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Post by Chris of the WhiskyWall.
Although Japan is one of the largest whisky producers in the world, the majority of the distillate comes from two companies: Suntory and Nikka. There are a handful of other small/medium sized distilleries but not many. There is now word that another company is joining the whisky distilling club: Miyashita Sake Brewery (Okayama Prefecture). As the same suggests, Miyashita comes from a sake production background. They also produce shochu and beer but I cannot say that I have had any of their products myself.
Miyashita believes that its wealth of experience in producing beer and shochu translate well to the production of whisky. Their goal is to make a uniquely Okayama style whisky. I guess that we'll have to wait a couple of more years to taste what that is. Hopefully this celebratory whisky will be a success and Miyashita will continue to distill whisky adding to the variety and uniqueness of Japanese Whisky.


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Bill Polian or bust!
If he gets canned end of this season and you are Woody Johnson, would you go after Pioli for GM.
I would.
Bill Polian or bust!
He goes by the name "Carlton" now. He's irreplaceable.
Scott Pioli sucks.
Pioli built a solid team...unfortunately a GM is only as good as his QB
Sound familiar?
Strong GM + Strong Coach = Superbowls
Have to be an exceptional coach to win without a strong GM.
Have no chance as a strong GM without a strong coach.
No thanks.
His record in KC is pretty suspect. He's probably better than Mike T, but A. that isn't saying much and B. he wouldn't be getting fired for outstanding performance.
I don't want anyone else's garbage.
Scott Pioli has romeo crennel and matt cassel leading his team. And u want this guy here?


text:
News & Events
Grandmaster Flash Live
One of the pioneers of Hip-Hop, DJing, cutting, and mixing - This is a night you do not want to miss!
Your Friday nights will never be the same again
Make sure you join us each and every week at Studio and party straight through until 4am!
Grand Master Flash Story-
Born in Barbados, Grandmaster Flash is one of the Holy Trinity of Hip Hop.
Flash learned the basic art of cutting between records from Kool Herc in the mid-70′s.
Along with Afrika Bambaataa, Flash was an early competitor of Herc. Flash recalls Herc embarrassing him because he didn't have the system (nor did anyone else at the time) that could compete with Herc's. He decided to make up for what he was missing in volume with flawless technique.
Not only could Flash cut from one record to the next without missing a beat, he added in a new element. He would take phrases and sections of different records and play them over other records. He installed a device that would allow him, through the use of headphones, to hear what was going on on each record. Herc didn't use this technique until much later.
He began to develop a following from house parties and block parties. People would come to hear and see Flash and his partner "Mean Gene" Livingston. Gene's brother, a 13 year old named Theodore, practiced with Flash and is often credited as the inventor of "scratching." Obviously this technique was mimicked by every DJ and became standard practice.
By 1978, Flash had surpassed Herc in popularity, but there was a decided shift in the realm of hip hop. While still important, deejays began to take second place to MC's.
Flash rapped and made the shout outs on his own at first, but he knew if he wanted to remain innovative and retain his flawless turntable technique he needed some help.
He worked for a short time in 1978-79 with Kurtis Blow before recruiting a few of his friends Keith (Cowboy) Wiggins, and two brothers, Melvin (Melle Mel) and the older sibling, Nathaniel (Kidd Creole) Glover. They soon began writing their own rhymes and calling themselves The Three MC's. Over time they added in Guy (Rahiem) Williams and Eddie (Mr. Ness/Scorpio) Morris and became the legendary group Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five.
They went on to battle the likes of The Treacherous Three and, ironically, Grand Wizard Theodore (Livingston) and The Fantastic Five.
The group recorded the single, "We Rap More Mellow" on Brass Records under the name, The Younger Generation. They also released a along with a live version of "Flash To The Beat" on Bozo Meko Records under the name Flash and The Five.
They went on to record for Enjoy! Records before moving over to the land of Sugar Hill Records.
Flash is also credited with using the electronic beat box. He would put it between his turntables and use it to play the beat in between records.
Flash briefly appears in the hip hop film Wild Style cutting records in his kitchen.
In 1981, Flash released what is considered the most influential display of cutting and scratching ever recorded- "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel." On it he uses sections of Blondie's "Rapture", Chic's "Good Times," Queen's "Another One Bites the Dust," and sections from some of their previous work. This was the first time that people heard a song of nothing but a record on a record.
But, without question, the most influential song ever recorded by this group was released in June of 1982, only one week after The Sugar Hill Gang had released "The Lover in You" a much more typical Sugar Hill record. "The Lover in You" peaked out at #55 on the charts.
"The Message" peaked at #4.
"The Message" changed the playing field for what a rap record could do. It showed that you could make things other than party songs and still sell records. It featured Melle Mel and Duke Bootee (a Sugarhill session musician named Ed Fletcher). It is known that Melle Mel is angry about how everyone else shared credit for the song. Duke Bootee wasn't even credited on the song at all. Critics raved about the song, despite rumors that many members of the group didn't want to record it in the first place. Nevertheless it paved the way for such acts as Public Enemy and Boogie Down Productions who would also go on to infuse much of their music with political and social commentaries.
Also along the same lines as "The Message" was the anti drug song "White Lines (Don't Do It)" which was supposedly a tribute to cocaine before the "don't do it" was added in later.
By 1983, Run DMC was emerging and Flash and the Five began their fall from the spotlight. Flash sued Sugar Hill Records for $5 million in royalties. The suit split the group in half. Melle Mel leading one side (which included a performance in the film Beat Street) and Flash on the other. Although they did reunite in 1987 to record a new album, it was not well received and the group disbanded permanently.
In 1989, Cowboy died after spending nearly two years strung out on crack. He was twenty eight years old.
Production duties for Flash away from the Furious Five and his own material was Donald D's "Don's Groove" in 1983 Just Ice's 1990 album "Masterpiece" was solely produced by him.
Group members appeared in the documentary film The Show.
Grandmaster Flash was the musical director of HBO's The Chris Rock Show. He also appeared in Jon Favreau's 2001 motion picture "Made".
Grandmaster Flash has also been working on a new mixer, a turntable tournament, and other projects.
The group was recognized at the VH1 Hip Hop Honors in 2005.
Official Site – GrandmasterFlash.com
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Gene cloning: an introduction
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Purification of DNA from living cells
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adaptor amino acid ampicillin animal antibiotic antibody bacterial cells bacteriophage bacterium base pairing biotechnology blunt ended carried cDNA cell extract centrifugation Chapter cleave cloned gene cloning vectors cloning vehicle coded coli colonies complementary contain copy number cosmid culture density digest DNA fragments DNA sequencing double-stranded EcoRI EcoRl electrophoresis enzyme example expression vector Figure gene cloning gene cloning experiment genomic library host cell hybridization probing infection cycle Insertional inactivation insulin intron lacZ ligase ligation lysed medium method mitochondrial Molecular Biology mRNA mutagenesis mutation normal nuclease nucleotide nucleotide sequence obtained oligonucleotide organisms packaging phage DNA phage particles plant cells plaques plasmid plasmid DNA polylinker polynucleotide preparation produced promoter pUC8 purified recognition sequences recombinant DNA recombinant DNA molecule recombinant protein removed replication restriction endonucleases restriction sites resulting segment selectable marker single-stranded specific sticky ends strand structure synthesis techniques tetracycline transformed translation product types unique restriction virus vitro yeast zein


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The U.S. Farmers & Ranchers Alliance (USFRA), comprised of national, regional and state agricultural groups and their partners, announced plans to lead a conversation with Americans, addressing concerns about their food, where it comes from and how it's raised.
This movement will give farmers and ranchers a voice in traditional and social media conversations about agriculture — where it doesn't exist now — as well with key influencers who are shaping the "good food/bad food" debates in popular culture. Farmers and ranchers will ask consumers about their greatest concerns with today's food production practices and share the agriculture community's dedication to continuously improving how food is raised in order to provide healthy choices for people everywhere.
"No matter the cause, a knowledge and credibility gap has formed between the American people and their food," said Bob Stallman, chairman of USFRA and president of the American Farm Bureau Federation. "Farmer- and rancher-led organizations have joined forces to create USFRA because it is vital that those closest to the farm work together and lead the conversation about raising food. Our industry is continuously changing — improving how we care for the land, our animals and our communities. Farmers and ranchers want to, and need to, do a better job of answering Americans' questions about their food. With this new movement, we are making a commitment, starting today, to listen to consumers and having vigorous two-way conversations."
USFRA is comprised of 49 national, regional and state agricultural organizations, and this initiative marks the first time such a wide range of prominent farmer- and rancher-led groups have collaborated on such a significant effort.
New Movement Launching
USFRA announced its plans for a multi-pronged communications initiative at the Agricultural Media Summit in New Orleans (July 24–27). This effort includes an initial push to the farming and ranching community — encouraging this group to "Raise their Voices" and provide input on what they believe Americans should know about where their food comes from.
"We've allowed a lot of other folks to speak for farmers and ranchers in the past, often inaccurately," said Dale Norton, treasurer of USFRA and board member of the National Pork Board. "It's time for farmers and ranchers to make their voices heard. I encourage them to get involved in this movement by visiting our redesigned website at www.USFRAonline.org to take a survey and learn more."
In August and September, USFRA will begin reaching out to key influencer audiences through targeted advertising, a new Web presence, top-tier media briefings and a major event in the early fall addressing Americans' biggest concerns about food production.
"We are ultimately accountable to our customers — consumers both here and abroad — and need to show we are listening and improving," said Forrest Roberts, chairman of the USFRA Communications Advisory Committee, which led development of the movement strategy, and chief executive officer of the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. "We want a variety of people — including a diversity of small, medium and large farmers and ranchers — to join our conversation. This includes some people we may not always agree with. But we want everyone who is striving to create a better future for, and accessibility to food at the table."
For more information or to join the conversation, visit www.USFRAonline.org.


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Mexico Hotels
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Mexico is located in North America and has a rich and vibrant culture. Home to five major civilizations, Mexico offers a diverse landscape of mountainous ranges, colonial cities, tropical rainforests, vast desert scenery and stunning coastline. Visit the capital Mexico City for its architecture, museums and thriving nightlife.
Choose Hotels by Availability
Hotels in Mexico
Cancun has white sandy beaches, turquoise Caribbean waters and a wonderful sub-tropical climate. Scuba dive along the coral reefs, tour the nearby Mayan Riviera, visit the malls for exclusive shops or experience the fashionable restaurants, bars and discos. Must sees include Xel-Ha Park and the ancient Mayan city Tulum.
Riviera Maya
Riviera Maya in the Quintana Roo state offers relaxing white beaches and fantastic diving opportunities along the Great Meso-American Barrier Reef. Tourists can enjoy the ancient cities of Tulum and Coba, world heritage sites such as Sian Ka'an ecological reserve or Xcaret and Xel-Há parks.
Please note that information contained in these location guides was correct at the time of research, but may be liable to change. Any mentioned attractions/points of interest can change or close. Maps are a guide only. If you do find any inaccuracies or know of something you feel deserves inclusion in our guides, please email your comments to email@example.com.


text:
Patrick Stickles, who is not known for his lack of vocal restraint fronting punk-rock band Titus Andronicus, comes on the phone, oddly, speaking just above a whisper. "I should warn you," he says. "I'm going to have to talk in this quiet voice, 'cause I'm on the bus."
He can't talk on the bus? "The lady came on the intercom before and said, 'You should really only use your cellphone for emergencies, and if you do have to make a call, be really quiet.' I'm just trying not to get in trouble. I'm sitting pretty far in the back, though."
Wait — are other people on the tour bus asleep? It's only 3 p.m. in New York. "Not our tour bus. Which doesn't exist," he says. "I'm on the bus."
Oh! Stickles, 27, explains further. He recently departed from Manhattan, and is heading to New Paltz, N.Y., in the Catskill Mountains, to visit producer Kevin McMahon. It seems Stickles broke a guitar, and McMahon repaired it.
Was it some crazy Pete Townshend-style, guitar-smashing incident? "Oh, no, no," Stickles says, still keeping his voice low. "That would have been cool. This was just me playing with a drill at home."
If Stickles is destined to be a rich and famous rock star — which could happen because Titus Andronicus has put out some of the most cathartic, aggressively melodic music of the past five years, particularly 2010's roaring, Civil War-inspired "The Monitor" — he appears to be in his starving-artist phase.
He lived with his parents in Glen Rock, N.J., before recently moving back to Brooklyn. The band travels in a van, as opposed to a tour bus, and he takes public transportation.
What he really needs is a personal assistant. He broke his guitar because he "went a little crazy," filled his head with ideas for home projects, tried to install a bunch of electronics in his guitar, then became distracted and wound up with an instrument drilled full of large holes. "But, you know, that's my life — I get an idea, and then a more responsible friend cleans up after me," he says. "That's certainly how it's been in our bands — I always have to keep a more responsible foil around so that I can be wild and reckless.
"Some people's brains, they just work differently," Stickles continues. "I'm not good at logistical, organizational things. But I'm good at other stuff."
As screaming punk singers go, Stickles is part of the continuum from the Who's Roger Daltrey to Black Flag's Henry Rollins to the Pixies' Black Francis. He's skinny and awkward, exposed without the beard he recently shaved, but he has a presence that comes from Meaning Every Word. Recently, he arranged with a Nashville, Tenn., band called Diarrhea Planet to serve as their frontman during a version of fellow New Jersey native Bruce Springsteen's classic "Born to Run." At the beginning of the YouTube clip, the band attempts to explain the lead-in to Stickles. "I know the song!" he snaps back.
The song is familiar and iconic and almost begs for irony. Stickles won't have it. "No way! Never!" he says. "My relationship with it is probably the same as a lot of people from New Jersey, who grow up in the shadow of something greater than themselves. For me, it was growing up just 12 miles or so from New York City and everybody saying that New York City was cool and Jersey sucked. And feeling stifled and uninspired and not having all the opportunities that you would like to lead to an exciting and fulfilling life.
"We all feel that way sometimes, right?" he says. "It's probably how people in Evanston feel, right?"
Stickles formed Titus Andronicus in 2005, when he was a student at Ramapo College in Mahwah, N.J., and has struggled to keep a quorum in the band through three albums, from 2008's "The Airing of Grievances" to "The Monitor" to last year's "Local Business."
Eighteen musicians have been band members, including Stickles, and each of the original members has departed at one time or another. Despite this, Stickles steered Titus from the relentless sound of "The Monitor" (some built on classic blues riffs, notably "And Ever...") to the softer, more nuanced and self-searching style of "Local Business."
For "Local Business," Stickles, inspired by a Neil Young biography, insisted on a live sound rather than a layered collage of studio tricks. "Live" turned out to mean "100 takes of every song." Says Stickles: "When we made those first two records, we were pretty young, dumb kids. A lot of the perceived grit is largely a failure to achieve other things. They talk about how 'Born to Run' has 100 guitar tracks on it. I found that out and I was like, 'I want 100 tracks.' What they never tell you is every guitar track sounds good. A hundred (lousy) guitar tracks don't magically coalesce into one good-sounding one. It just sounds like 100 (lousy) ones. And that's something I didn't realize until I got older."
Stickles is just getting going when, toward the end of the half-hour interview, his voice drops even quieter.
"Sorry," he says, "I have to whisper. This old lady shushed me on the bus."
Twitter @chitribent
Titus Andronicus
When: 9 p.m. Saturday
Where: Metro, 3730 N. Clark St.
Tickets: $15; 773-549-4140 or metrochicago.com


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What I'm Drinking Now: Kiwi Caipirinha
This is another great recipe that Elisabeth found. This time from Sunset magazine. It's just as simple as the classic Caipirinha with the addition of some kiwi chunks during the muddling stage. The flavor is crisp and delicious with the kiwi flavor solid and harmonious with the lime and cachaça. Well done, Sunset. This is fantastic drink.
Kiwi Caipirinha
1/2 Lime, Quartered 1 Kiwi, Chopped and Peeled 2 oz Cachaca 2 tsp Sugar
1) Muddle kiwi, lime and sugar until sugar is dissolved 2) Add cachaça and cracked ice 3) Stir until well combined


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After meeting with senior management at Denver-based Qwest and Broomfield-based Level 3, J.P. Morgan telecom analyst Mike McCormack has a fairly rosy outlook on the former but is cautious on the latter, according to research notes he put out last week.
Qwest and Level 3 are Colorado's largest telecom companies. Qwest provides local phone service in 14 states, including Colorado, and operates a nationwide fiber-optic network. Level 3 also operates a massive communications network and provides broadband services to businesses.
"Overall, the meeting supported our positive stance on Qwest," McCormack wrote in a Nov. 10 note. "Management is committed to improving top-line trends in 2010, with potential benefits in each segment. Recent enterprise trends are encouraging, and Qwest continues to take market share from competitors."
McCormack met with Qwest CEO Ed Mueller, CFO Joe Euteneuer and COO Teresa Taylor.
McCormack came away less enthusiastic after meeting with Level 3 CFO Sunit Patel and COO Jeff Storey.
"While management remains upbeat that core network revenue trends are stabilizing, we remain cautious on shares of Level 3 as we believe visibility into 2010 and beyond remains poor," McCormack wrote in his report on Level 3. Read more…


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2016 Presidential Election
The #NeverTrump Crowd is Wrong
by Jim Braswell
I write this piece without reservation. It may not be popular among the elite class. Hell, it may rub some of my friends the wrong way, but I feel it needs to be written.
Know that I supported Scott Walker. In my mind, his successful union busting agenda combined with restrained spending offered a blueprint to turn around this country. Alas, I didn't have my way and carried on with supporting other candidates. I've watched from the sideline as the field dwindled to three; one of the remaining is Donald Trump.
The Donald has caused quite the controversy within GOP intra-politics. Some say he's the devil, calling him and his followers Hitler, Mussolini, fascist, and Nazis. Some think he's the opposite. I'm not particularly fond of Trump's style, but I'm not convinced he is Lucifer reincarnated.
The purpose of this article is to address the former claim and not the latter, particularly in light of Trump's likely nomination. There's enough anti-Trump propaganda on the Internet to read, just look at Twitter.
I want to expose the hypocrisy of those attacking Trump, especially those who have something to lose. That's what it comes down to: those who oppose have something to lose.
You have the likes of GOP quasi-elites like Erick Erickson, Matt Walsh, Ben Shapiro, <insert another pundit's name who has never accomplished a damned thing in his or her life besides write articles and condemn those who don't agree with their opinions> who are forming a #NeverTrump coalition with a keyboard as their weapon of choice. Along the way, they've managed to insult Trump voters, implying that "Trumpkins" are stupid, racist, blah, blah, blah. You know, the same tactic the Left uses against the GOP: labeling people.
Then you have the GOP elites. These names include elected officials like newcomer Ben Sasse, Lindsey Graham, Mitt Romney; professional pundits like Karl Rove, Stephen Hayes, and Bill Kristol; and money people like Paul Singer and the Ricketts family, lobbyists who want to make sure the president's door is always open…to their interests.
This combined brain trust of pundits and elites, all of whom are completely ignorant to why the GOP base is angry, are holding secret tinfoil hat meetings in an effort to further their #NeverTrump campaign. Rather than allow the plebian GOP voters have their say, the GOP bourgeoisie are mounting a preemptive strike, hoping to install someone they prefer, because they're apparently smarter than those racist, bigoted, low-information, confederate flag-waving, fascist, Nazi Trump voters.
A side note: Most of the Trump voters I know are successful businessmen who don't view politics as a hobby or a career. They're all common sense people who are tired of politics as usual. I don't expect the Beltway crowd to understand them. The likes of Erickson and Sasse have never put their tails on the line by signing a commercial lease or loan, had to make payroll, you know, run a damned business. But according to Erickson & Co., my friends are low-information morons.
I'm certain that the same GOP quasi-elites and GOP bourgeoisie would absolutely refuse to support the likes of Romney and McCain with the same veracity. We won't talk about how Romney supported government-mandated healthcare, was pro-abortion, including donating to Planned Parenthood, and supported bans on firearms. Nor will I mention how McCain is pro-mass immigration/amnesty, called Christians "agents of intolerance," supported the disastrous NAFTA, claimed that overturning Roe vs. Wade would lead to more illegal abortions, and voted for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
I'm also certain that the above deadenders would organize a similar #NeverTrump campaign to stop the likes of Bush. You know, they were the same family who expanded entitlements (hello, Medicare prescriptions), raised taxes, instituted the federally mandated No Child Left Behind, thereby expanded the Department of Education's power, added economic-stifling regulations to the tune of $100 million a year, and inflated the federal budget by over $800 billion. They also gave us Justice Breyer and Chief Justice Roberts. That's important.
There's more…a lot more.
I don't intend to praise Trump. As I said, I have my reservations about the man. I agree with some of his policies, others not so much. I also consider some of his actions morally reprehensible. Then again, people like Franklin, JFK, Obama, Cleveland, Nixon, Hoover, the list goes on and on, were influential in this country. Washington isn't a place where saints thrive. But who the hell am I to judge? Even Saul had his good days.
No, I intend to proffer a reason to vote for Trump this November. My only hope is the reader keeps an open mind.
First, let's look at logic.
I want to stop Hillary Clinton above else. An individual who has abused her office, causing the loss of American lives, and was involved with something called the Whitewater Scandal doesn't deserve to represent the Red, White, and Blue. Hell no. The memory of those bare-footed, near-hypothermic bastards who crossed the Delaware River in the thick of winter deserve better.
The GOP quasi-elite and GOP bourgeoisie would have you think otherwise. Those pasty-skinned theorists who sit behind a desk all day would rather you fall on the sword this November by voting for the unicorn third-party candidate than help elect Trump. Their reasoning? Hillary would somehow be better because Trump's policies are terrible.
Let's talk about the real result of a magical third-party candidate. Hillary will win.
What does a Hillary win mean for us? First, it most certainly cements a pro-abortion, anti-2A, pro-entitlement, pro-affirmative action SCOTUS for the near future. How does this compare to a Trump victory?
The arguments I hear are that Trump will nominate a liberal justice. Why? How? Is there any concrete proof of this? Rather than take a chance on Trump, the anti-Trumpkin is vehemently against this idea. To put it bluntly, the anti-Trumpkins definitely want Trump to lose rather than take a chance. They want to admit defeat even when there's a chance for victory. It's like that kid in little league who refused to swing at strike three. They simply don't want to try. It's an asinine and backwards way of thinking. It also leads to my greater point about Trump.
How or why doesn't this super awesome brain trust think outside the box? It's so obvious it's apparent. If our GOP leaders in Congress are the tactical geniuses they claim to be, how come they're incapable of thinking like strategists?
Play to Trump's ego. It at least gives us a fighting chance. The man's head is as big as Everest. You play to him, make him think he's making the good decision.
Let's take SCOTUS for example. We're all worried about that.
Rather than let Trump zigzag his way through the selection process, you preemptively strike a deal with him. You say, "President Trump, to really chisel out your legacy for years to come, we think you should nominate this judge/intellectual." It's not rocket science. You can take a page out of Trump's playbook and own the man's ego like he claims to own the banks.
I understand the argument my good friend Brian Griffiths makes about down ticket issues, but this should be the job of the local and state GOP operatives. If you're a good enough representative, you'll be reelected. That's how Republicans manage to win elections in heavily Democrat districts. It happens.
Should we talk about Hillary's other possible paths of destruction? How about raising the minimum wage? How about raising taxes? How about more business-crushing regulations? Raising short-term capital gains? "Free" college? How about further expansion of Obamacare? Another housing crisis because she wants to allow Fannie and Freddie to insure jumbo loans? The list goes on and on.
With no sign of Republican-controlled Congress stopping any of Obama's initiatives, why would they stop Hillary's?
This is all apparently a-ok with Erickson, Sasse, and friends.
Let's move onto Trump's main policy points, at least the more controversial. I'll attempt to be succinct on each, as it would take me hours to describe every policy in detail. You'll get the point.
I'll start with the two most controversial.
Immigration: This is the genesis of the useful idiots labeling Trump as a racist. Why? He dared mention the idea of temporarily restricting Muslim immigration. You'd think he was the first candidate/elected official to advocate such a measure. You'd also be wrong.
Both parties have adopted restrictive immigration policies in the past. There's a difference though. Trump's policy is based on a culture, not race.
One of the most important jobs of the president is national security. There's no doubt something is wrong in Islamic community overseas. ISIS and the Syrian crisis is an example. Allowing mass Syrian immigration into the country will increase the chances of an ISIS-led attack. Even the experts agree. It's common sense to curtail this, and a conservative position.
Also, look at the mass-immigration of able-bodied Muslim men into Europe. It won't take long for you to find stories about children and women being raped. Why are there politically correct "cultural understanding" classes?
I don't want to get into the weeds of a policy debate as this article is about the demonizing of Trump rhetoric, but I would point to the recent Pew Survey about Islam and Sharia. Again, this is about culture.
Pew Research conducted a poll three years ago about this very fact. Among those countries in the Middle East-North Africa corridor, anywhere between 29% (Lebanon) to 91% (Iraq) claimed Sharia Law should be the law of the land. South Asia was even more startling, with 82% of respondents in Bangladesh, 84% in Pakistan, and 89% in Afghanistan agreeing.
This isn't across the board, though. Look at areas with much more exposure to Western Legal Tradition and culture. Much, much lower agreement on Sharia. See for yourself.
More importantly, anywhere between 29% (Morocco) and 74% (Egypt) claim that Sharia Law should apply to Muslims and Non-Muslims.
Now, what does Sharia Law entail? In the Middle East and North Africa, anywhere between 44% (Tunsia) to 76% (Palestine territory) of Muslims who claim that Sharia should be the law support cutting off the hands of thieves and robbers.
How about stoning as a punishment for adultery? Again, the highest support comes from the Middle-East North Africa region and South Asia. It ranges anywhere from 44% (Tunsia) to 85% of Sharia-loving Afghanis. Even better, support for taking the life of someone who abandons Islam is upwards of 88% in Egypt and 79% in Afghanistan.
Think about this: In a country like Afghanistan, 89% said Sharia should be law of the land. Among that 89% (9 in 10) 61% state that Sharia should apply to both Muslims and Non-Muslims. That's about 5 in 10 Afghanis – 50% of the total population. Of that 50% of the population, 81% believe in chopping of arms of thieves, 85% claim that adulterers should be stoned to death, and 79% claim you should die if you convert. That's 4 in 10 Muslims who want Non-Muslims to suffer these draconian sentences. That's insane! Sorry if I don't want my daughter exposed to that barbaric nonsense.
Unlike natural-born American Muslims who appreciate life outside of Sharia, those from certain areas of this world don't think like us. Allowing unfettered mass-immigration will have grave consequences. I would guide the reader to Theodore Dalrymple's book Our Culture, What's Left of It about how Muslim immigrants cannot divorce their ideology from the government. Look at the Islamic communities in Paris. Closer to home, look no further than Somali gangs in Minnesota. That's just a microcosm of what can happen in this country.
If temporarily Muslim immigration from hot spots is a racist platform, then Rand Paul, Ted Cruz, Kasich, hell, the majority of the field are racists as well. Do I need to remind you that it's not about race, but a culture?
In a broader sense, how about Trump's "build that wall" proposal? This is where Sasse, Erickson & Co. and the rest of the deadenders start using a tactic of the Left. They're claiming a few knucklehead "alt-right racists," or whatever they're called, hate "Mexicans." Once again, this argument is about culture, not race.
There's a multitude of reasons for real immigration reform and strong borders. This ranges from the control of diseases we have contained in this country to curtailing gangs and the transport of heroin (illegal immigrants account for 90% of heroin trafficking in America).
The average illegal immigrant has a 10th grade education. An individual with less than a high school degree heads half of unlawful immigrant households. That's not good. They're a burden on an already bloated budget. The average illegal immigrant receives about $25K in benefits…while only paying about 10K in taxes. That's a net loss of 15K! If you aggregate those numbers together among all illegal immigrants, they create a deficit of $54.5 billion dollars.
Finally, since certain cultures think it's perfectly fine to have sex with twelve year olds, why not address the absurd amount of child rape around the border. More than 2,000 sex offenders are deported every year in Texas alone. Illegal immigrants sexually assaulted nearly a thousand Texas children over a course of three years. Since when did building the wall become a racist policy? It's mind numbing that we would rather refrain from offending someone than protecting our own children. Yet, Trump is racist and a bigot, along with all of his followers.
Trump wants to bring the best and the brightest back. I would equate this to a point system akin to Australia and New Zealand. The pro-immigration crowd claims this is racist. At least we're in good company with down under.
Sorry, the deadenders lose me on this. I don't see how this is racist. I don't see how looking out for the security and the economic stability of the country has anything to do with it. Horrible that many on the Right don't see this.
Let's move on to trade policy: I love economics.
Trump is being attacked for his proposed 45% tariff on Chinese goods. Some websites who have a clear bias against Trump claim that this would devastate the economy, send us into a recession, and that a trade deficit is actually good for the economy.
Free trade is wonderful if it's balanced. It becomes an issue when one country manipulates free trade agreements by purposefully devaluing their currency, thereby making it more beneficial for one country to import the cheaper goods. This is what China, along with other emerging markets, are doing. The reason they're employment this practice is because of a history of borrowing currency in an attempt to catch up with the modern world. They are essentially selling of their goods at a discount in order to increase exports and keep unemployment low in order to pay of their debt.
What does this practice cause to the US?
According to University of Maryland Professor Peter Morici, the trade deficit with China grew $25 billion in 2015, killing 200,000 American jobs. US manufacturing employment growth is particularly hit hard, and has slowed by 30%.
Professor Morici also uses another example: the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement. Since 2012, imports from Korea have risen more than exports, increasing the trade deficit by $16 billion and destroying 130,000 American jobs.
As a whole, the US trade deficit is about $500 billion a year and costs 4 million jobs. Staggering. There is nothing liberal about protecting American jobs, particularly those in manufacturing.
Thus, Donald Trump threatens a 45% tariff on Chinese goods. What happens? The powers that be gasp and claim the US economy will fall apart.
You wonder if any of them ever heard of the Overton Window? Trump opened it just enough for Cruz, Kasich, and Rubio to start talking about unbalanced trade. Hell, Cruz even backed down from TPP (a whole different debate about sovereignty and the right of Congress to approve treaties). Oh, and TPP will most certainly open the door for more currency manipulation – fun for those not in the manufacturing sector.
Does Donald Trump really think a 45% tariff will work? Doubt it. Does he think a threat will work? If he studied President Reagan, I think he'd conclude that it would.
This will make some "conservatives" head spin.
For those of you who claim to be Reagan experts but never really studied his policies, you might be surprised to know that Ronald Reagan praised free trade but was really a protectionist. Take for example in 1981 when Ronald Reagan imposed a 45% tariff on Japanese motorcycles. It helped Harley and almost killed Honda.
I'll let that number sink in for a moment.
That's not the end. Reagan also raised tariffs on Canadian lumber and cedar shingles, imposed a 100% tariff on $300 million worth of Japanese electronics, and threatened and forced Japan to voluntary accept restraints on auto exports after threatening a veto. There's more. There's so much more.
You get my point. If you're attacking Trump's trade rhetoric, you can't praise Reagan. You'd be a hypocrite.
Before we move on, I'd encourage the reader to think about other aspects of trade. What else could it mean for the country?
I mentioned a little earlier about one of the president's most important jobs being national security. In their book Balanced Trade, Richman, Richman, and Richman found a statistically significant correlation between balance of trade and national power. Those countries with balanced trade had an increase in national material capabilities, while those with an unfavorable balance saw a decrease in national power.
We need to make stuff. Plain and simple.
Protecting our country is a conservative value.
I'd also like to point out the first two policies – protective tariffs and restrictive immigration – were adopted by one of the greatest conservative presidents ever to grace the Oval Office: Calvin Coolidge. Those policies, along with his cost-cutting measures, led to one of the greatest economic decades of this country.
How about a quick look at other objections the #NeverTrump crowd has:
"He's going to kill children": There's something called Kool-Aid; you should drink it if you think he's going to kill children. Again, he's opening the Overton Window? Ridiculous to even take this idea seriously.
Abortion: If you're not going to vote for Trump because he's pro-abort, then you should've never voted for McCain or Romney. Period. It's hypocritical to have given Romney, a former pro-choicer, a pass on this issue and not Donald Trump. "But he's going to fund Planned Parenthood." He's using this tactic to appeal to single women – a group we need to start winning back. He also clarified that he won't fund Planned Parenthood if they perform abortions.
Look, I'm about as pro-life as you can get, but I'm also willing to give Donald Trump the benefit of the doubt and not demonize his past statements. I did the same for McCain. I did the same for Romney. I'll do it for Trump. I also look at the alternative and what she will do for abortion "rights."
He's donated to Democrats: This is a complete joke. The only people who care about who an individual donates to are those inside the political bubble. Period. Most businesspersons I know have donated to both parties. Why? Access. They're not political ideologues, and they don't follow every vote of a politician. Trump might be different if he's an ideologue –
someone like a George Soros who donates exclusively to Democrats (sans Kasich) – but he's not. He's actually supported Republican presidents in the past, including George H. and Reagan. I don't buy this argument. I look at it as a talking point for the vehemently ant-Trump crowd. If you're so against Trump donating to Democrats, then maybe you should stop using Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
Wants government to run health care akin to Canada/England: This is the most laughable criticism. Critics claim that Trump's past statements about England's health care system show he's pro-big government. These same critics ignore Romney's past actions, particularly his installment of Romneycare in Massachusetts. If we're being totally fair, and this might but a few people, but government mandated healthcare was the child of the conservative think-tank Heritage Foundation. What about Bush expanding Medicare with his prescription drug program? That isn't discussed.
Trump doesn't want government run healthcare. He wants competition. I know the idea is hard to swallow for some, but he's made it clear several times. Again, we gave a pass to Romney and Bush, but we're demonizing Trump.
I could make the same comparisons between several other areas the #NeverTrump deadenders make and past GOP candidates, including eminent domain, taxes, weapons ban, etc. You can easily research and find that Trump is very similar to those the #NeverTrump crowd have supported in the past.
This brings me to my final issue. It revolves around this whole idea that Trump is vulgar and racist. Look, I don't fault someone for choosing to vote for someone else in the primary. That's fine. That's not what this piece is about. If you're not voting for Trump because he's both vulgar and supposedly a racist (he's not), then you're letting your emotions get to you, and more importantly, allowing the media to control the narrative.
On to vulgarity: I simply don't care. As I stated earlier in this piece, show me a white knight in Washington, and I'll show you a unicorn. Yes, Trump is vulgar at times, and he's extremely non-PC. I'm ok with the non-PC stuff. I simply don't care. As far as vulgarity? That argument is a joke. There isn't news cycle that goes by without a politician being indicted or bought out by special interests. Yet, the #NeverTrump crowd would remain silent on these people, maybe even supporting some.
The list includes Representative Grimm in New York, Former Speak of the House John Boehner, former Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell, Senator Marco Rubio, the list goes on and on. There's so much corruption in Washington on both sides of the aisle that it's hard to take seriously any Trump criticism about him being vulgar. Why didn't I include the aforementioned activities? It adds more shock value when you find out for yourself what happened.
At least with Trump it's the devil I know.
On the racist/violent rhetoric of his supporters: Trump's violent rhetoric is overblown. The media will point to him not disavowing David Duke. He disavowed him several times before that Sunday interview. That's not an honest criticism.
As far as his supporters? They're angry. They've been forgotten thanks to Washington. Democrats pander to the #BlackLivesMatter, immigrant, minority, government babies crowd. Republicans seem to care only about big businesses and investment bankers. Who is forgotten? The demonized working class, the same people who lose manufacturing jobs in order to "stimulate our economy."
Sorry, this is MY family. Though I hate to use labels, I'll play by the rules. The working class has watched their jobs evaporate. It's easy for the #NeverTrump crowd to look down upon these people while they punch away at their keyboards, thinking that manual laborers are ignorant and backwards, that they don't have a right to be upset, that Trump – who speaks to their anger – is an imbecile and therefore they're imbeciles as well.
Let me remind the reader that those imbeciles make up a majority of our military. They are the sons and daughters, the fathers and mothers who end up feeding our armed forces. While the #NeverTrump warriors mash away and continue to write articles, they don't see how broken the middle class is, their wages having been reduced by $4,000 since 2000. You don't think they have a right to be angry? Sorry, they damn well do, and if you think they're racist because they believe in something most have long since forgotten, go pound sand. Really. Pound sand. They've made more sacrifices in a week than policy wonks will ever make in a lifetime.
Trump is their outlet. I take no issue with this.
Instead, the #NeverTrump crowd would rather facilitate a Hillary Clinton election, the same person who:
- Terminated for unethical behavior while investigating Watergate.
- Involved with the Whitewater Scandal and Travelgate as First Lady.
- Was Secretary of State during Benghazi
- Clinton Foundation received millions of dollars from terrorist countries in exchange for political favors.
- Kept classified information in a private server,
- The list can go on and on
So, my #NeverTrump friends, please go mount your donkey and attack some windmills. Go ahead and talk about how you'll start a third party or you'll never vote for him in the general. Fall on that sword and put the rest of us at peril. I don't buy it.
This #NeverTrump nonsense is just that: Nonsense. Look at the policy differences between the last several GOP candidates and Trump. Not many differences. Trump is actually more conservative in some areas. The only real difference between Trump and those before him? The elites can't control him.
That might be a good thing.