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What happens in Las Vegas ends up in Denver District Court
Dick Wadhams must be glad he never signed on to help his good friend Sue Lowden in her Nevada U.S. Senate run because she's being sued for unpaid debts.
One of those suits was filed in Denver District Court, according to my former Rocky Mountain News buddy, Norm Clarke, with the Las Vegas Review-Journal.
Pollster Todd Vitale claims he is owed almost $78,000, and more than a dozen consultants are owed money, according to Clarke's story last month. Lowden's finance director, Janel Domenico, who joined Coloradan Ken Buck's Senate campaign after Lowden lost, is owed about $86,000.
Wadhams is chairman of the Colorado Repulican Party, and knows Lowden from her days as chair of the Nevada Republican Party. She lost the Senate primary to Tea Party favorite Sharron Angle, who couldn't unseat Democratic Majority Leader Harry Reid.


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NEW YORK (CNN) -- The newspaper that published an online, interactive map of handgun permit-holders in two suburban New York counties hired armed guards to protect its office after negative backlash from the map publication, according to a local police report.
The Jan. 1 report from the Clarkstown police department in Rockland County confirms the presence of armed private security guards at the Journal News. The incident report stemmed from e-mail responses to the newspaper's online map.
The police statement says Caryn McBride, the paper's Rockland editor, reported "that she received an email from an unknown subject who wrote that he wondered what (she) would get in her mail now."
"The email was brief and did not contain any threats," the police report continues, adding that the officer who wrote it told McBride "the email did not constitute an offense."
The report adds that a private company "is doing private security work on location at the Journal News ... (the company's) employees are armed and will be on site ... through at least Jan. 2, 2013."
The Journal News did not immediately respond Wednesday when asked by CNN for comment.
The armed guards' presence at Journal News comes after gun-owning blogger Christopher Fountains posted the home addresses of newspaper staffers on his blog in response to the map, which was published online on December 22.
Fountains spoke to CNN's "Starting Point with Soledad O'Brien" last week to explain his reasoning behind the posting. "I felt they were using this (the interactive map showing gun permit-holders' addresses) to harass gun owners," Fountain said. "So I harassed them back."
Fountain posted the name, home address and phone numbers of the Journal News' publisher, editor, visual editor and several other staff members. Fountain told CNN's "Early Start" that he was offended by the newspaper's actions and "wondered how they would like it if their addresses were published."
The map, published by the Journal News, allows readers to zoom in on red dots that indicate which residents in Westchester and Rockland counties are licensed to own pistols or revolvers. Blue dots indicated permit holders who "have purchased a firearm or updated the information on a permit in the past five years."
The paper's publisher, Janet Hasson, president of the Journal News Media Group, defended the decision Dec. 26 in a statement.
"One of our roles is to report publicly available information on timely issues, even when unpopular. We knew publication of the database (as well as the accompanying article providing context) would be controversial, but we felt sharing information about gun permits in our area was important in the aftermath of the Newtown shootings," she said, referring to the school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, in December.
™ & © 2013 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jason Horowitz joined the Boston Symphony Orchestra at the start of the 2006 Pops season. He teaches orchestral repertoire to NEC's violin majors, as well as offering studio lessons and chamber music coaching for Preparatory and Continuing Education students at NEC.
Horowitz's penetrating interpretations make him an "assured, eager advocate" (The Boston Globe) of composers of all eras. The Boston Herald has described his playing as "eloquent, persuasive, and, of course, wonderfully adept." His many appearances in NEC's renowned Jordan Hall include solo recitals, concertos ranging from Bach to Scelsi and Schnittke, chamber music, and several world premieres, including a "serene, limpid-toned performance" (The Boston Globe) of the violin concerto by Donald Sur. His concerts have taken him across America, Europe, and Asia.
Having received both performance and academic honors upon graduation from New England Conservatory, Horowitz returned to receive the school's highest performance honor, the Artist Diploma, in 1996. During these years in Boston, he also had the opportunity to work closely with the legendary Louis Krasner. He then continued his studies in Berlin with Christoph Poppen, joining the Munich Chamber Orchestra shortly thereafter.
Horowitz has participated in the Tanglewood, Norfolk, Banff and Pacific Music festivals, and has been concertmaster of the Breckenridge Music Festival since 2001. His yearly concerto performances there have included works of Tchaikovsky, Berlioz, Beethoven, and Mozart.
Other recent concerto engagements have included the Mendelssohn Concerto in the Czech Republic, the Menotti concerto with the Charleston Symphony, and Distant Light by Peteris Vasks with Boston Ballet, to the choreography of Peter Martins.
Bachelor of Music with honors, Artist Diploma, New England Conservatory.
Photo by Marco Bruggreve, courtesy BSO


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One of the things that has always attracted me about the World of the Fey is its naturalistic and almost shamanic attitude toward nature. There is a certain symbiosis which exists between those of the faerie world and their environment. It has been said that each raindrop, each snowflake, has within it one of the Fey just as every crystal has its own deva.
There is something otherworldly about the Fey, yet legend holds that they exist in the self-same world as we do no doubt laughing at our attitudes and struggles, while they simply co-exist with the very roots of beauty.
The Fey Tarot captures this mystery so completely that it is really quite difficult to express what a totally delightful vibrant deck it is. On the surface there is wide-eyed whimsy, and sometimes almost comical imagery like the Fool whose body and belt are bedecked with keys, as he stares with a wild expression into the grinning maw of a Halloween pumpkin. But the only keyhole in on his crown, atop his head and out of sight for him at least.
The fey figures depicted on the cards often have an oriental cast to their features not surprising when you consider artist Mara Aghems track record as a manga comic book artist. Her evocative attention to detail and symbol will be easily identified by anyone taken by this art form.
I loved the Death card here life is played out on a chessboard while a female fey watches on, slight amusement touching her expression. The chess pieces on the board represent some of the Major Arcana, as they gradually encircle a golden King.
This is by no means a traditional deck, and is perhaps not the easiest for a newcomer to tarot to start of with though if the imagery appeals it is surely detailed enough to assist an enthusiast prepared to study the very most minute of details in each of the cards.
The suits each hold to their own colour scheme Wands feature a good deal of green and gold; chalices many tones of aqua, and soft blues; swords are primarily reds and greys; pentacles strong violet and brown tones. The actual use of colour and detailed imagery makes this a very pleasant deck to study. It should be noted that none of the minor cards follow the custom of displaying the actual number of suit symbols to correspond with the number of the card but since that number is clearly displayed this does not cause any problems. It simply leaves room within the image for more of those fascinating details.
Lovely deck!


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I'm Back! in "Omni" Season 5 Episode 3
Pictured: Eric Christian Olsen (LAPD Liaison Marty Deeks). The NCIS: LA team must find who compromised a classified vaccine project from a bio tech company. Meanwhile, Deeks struggles with his emotions upon returning to the field, on NCIS: LOS ANGELES, Tuesday, Oct. 8 (9:00-10:00 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network. Photo: Michael Desmond/CBS ©2013 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Approximately one million pool and spa drain covers have been recalled because they were incorrectly certified and may not protect against entrapment, according to a recent statement from the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
Public pool operators in the United States were required to install anti-entrapment drain covers on all pools and spas as a result of the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act, which came into effect in December 2008. In April of this year, the CPSC, the agency charged with implementing the law, announced it was investigating the processes used to certify the new anti-entrapment drain covers amid concerns that they had been incorrectly rated to handle the flow of water through the cover.
The investigation led to the voluntary recall of drain covers from eight manufacturers, announced just before Memorial Day weekend, the traditional opening weekend for many public pools around the country. The CPSC website says the recall is expected to affect fewer than 5 percent of all of the country's pools and spas, both residential and public.
The drain covers that are subject to the recall were made by A&A Manufacturing, AquaStar Pool Products, Color Match Pool Fittings, Custom Molded Products, Hayward Pool Products, Rising Dragon USA and Waterway Plastics during the period from December 2008 to April 2011 and by Pentair Water Pool and Spa from June 2009 to April 2011.
The agency says these recalled drain covers present a risk of entrapment and advises anyone with a pool or spa fitted with these drain covers to contact the manufacturer for more information or to call its drain cover recall hotline at 1-866-478-3521. The CPSC website also offers specific information about the recall for commercial pool operators.


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THL Toolbox > Tibetan Scripts, Fonts & Related Issues > Tibetan Input Tools for Windows > Keyman Keyboards
Keyman Keyboards
- Download Keyman Software here
- Download Chris Walker Keyman Unicode Tibetan Keyboards
- Download Peter Hauer Keyman Unicode Tibetan Keyboards
Contributor(s): Chris Walker, Peter Hauer, THL Staff.
A series of keyboards for entering Tibetan script in Windows applications has been created by Chris Walker from the University of Chicago, who has graciously agreed to make them available through THL. These keyboards use Tavultesoft Keyman, which is free for personal use. Installation is simple, and the keyboards can be invoked either through a keyboard shortcut or an icon. They enable the user to enter Tibetan script using either a Unicode Tibetan font or the Tibetan Machine font.
Download Unicode Tibetan Keyman Keyboards from Chris Walker
The following keyboard layouts are available for entering Unicode Tibetan:
Download Unicode Tibetan Keyman Keyboards from Peter Hauer
Peter Hauer from Linguasoft has also created a set of keyboards that use Tavultesoft Keyman, which is free for personal use. These keyboards come in self-installing packages along with documentation and are also free for personal use. They allow for input of Unicode Tibetan either through a direct one-for-one key-to-character correspondence or through the Extended Wylie Transliteration System. One may download either of those keyboard or both packaged together. When the file downloads, it will automatically install if one has the Keyman program properly installed on one's machine. Use of these keyboards depends on having a Unicode Tibetan font, such as Tibetan Machine Uni installed on one's machine.
The following keyboards were created by Peter Hauer of Linguasoft.
Download Legacy Tibetan Font Keyman Keyboards from Chris Walker
The following keyboard layouts are available for entering Tibetan using the Tibetan Machine font:
These keyboards can be downloaded individually or in a combined package. For installation instructions, see below.
We welcome feedback on any or all of these keyboards, please contact Chris at firstname.lastname@example.com with any suggestions, comments, enhancement requests, or bugs.
Installation Instructions
There are three simple steps to installing the Keyman keyboards:
- Make sure you have the proper font(s) installed
- Download and Install Keyman 6.0 for personal use
- Download and install the desired keyboard(s)
In order to use any of these keyboards, the proper Tibetan font needs to be installed. For these keyboards this is either the Unicode font, Tibetan Machine font, or the legacy font, Tibetan Machine. See our Tibetan Fonts page for more details.
The next step is to download the personal-use version of Keyman 6.0 from Tavultesoft Keyman's download page. The downloaded file is a self-installing .exe file. One simply has to double-click on this file and follow the installation instructions. When Keyman has been installed, one can activate it through the Start menu under All Programs > Tavultesoft Keyman. If one wishes to have Keyman always active, one can go to All Programs > Tavultesoft Keyman and choose the Keyman Configuration option. In the resulting window choose the option tab and click on "Start Keyman with Windows" box to activate it. Then, click o.k. When Keyman is active, a small icon of a keyboard key with a "K" in it will appear in one's icon tray:
The final step is to download the desired keyboard(s). Using the download links in the highlight box on the left of this page, download the desired keyboard. Unpack the .zip file that has been saved to your hard drive. One simply has to double click on the resultant keyman file to install the keyboard
Once Keyman and the keyboards have been installed a small icon of a keyboard key with the letter "K" on it will appear in one's icon tray at the lower right corner of one's screen. Clicking on this icon will produce a list of available (i.e., installed) keyboards from which to choose. Clicking on an option activates the keyboard.


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the attachments to this post:
Sulayman Jeng is the Editor- In - Chief of the Kibaaro Newspaper. He is responsible for editing and publishing news articles, opinions and rejoinders. Sulayman has BA in English and International Relations. He has been the assistant editor of Kibaaro Newspaper from Feb. 2014 to 14 Jan. 2015, when he took over as Editor-In-Chief. He can be reached on: +44 (0) 7405886075
Landing Nyassi, an advocate of multiculturalism, is a human rights activist with passion in environment and development related issues. He is a graduate from the prestigious Norwegian University of Life Sciences, where he bagged Bsc and Msc in Environmental sciences. Landing has been assistant editor with Kibaaro News from Feb. 2014 to 14 Dec. 2015, when he took over as Deputy Editor-In-Chief.
Yanks Darboe was a freelance journalist with Gambia's Daily Observer for 2 years prior to coming to the United Kingdom, where he studied Music, IT and Law. He is a qualified and practising solicitor in the United Kingdom and a renown political, legal and human rights activist. Contact Yanks at: email@example.com
Sarata Jabbi-Dibba has a wealth of experience on women's affairs. She was a former columnist of The Point Newspaper's She She She" column and Vice President of Gambia Press Union.
This entry was posted on December 15, 2015 at 00:31 and is filed under . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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Bamba Serign Mass is a well-known political, legal and human rights activist fluent in many languages. He anchors the famous 'Dialogue with the President' radio program every Thursday. He now hosts the 'Taareeko Program' every Tuesday on Kibaaro Radio. Contact him on email@example.com or call him on: (+44) 07401888096
Pa Ousman Darboe is one of the most sourced Gambian journalists. His stints at both Daily Observer and The Independent newspapers prove his fierce determination to get news from the firing line. He now heads the Kibaaro USA team and can be contacted on (+1) 425 772 3125
Monica Njie hosts Every Woman on Kibaaro Radio on Thursday. She wants to empower and enlighten women through the microphone.
Tijan Masanneh Ceesay is the script writer and presenter of the famed Christian Panorama programme on Kibaaro Radio on Sundays. He was one time Gambian Diplomat in Washington, who is admired for his work as a Diplomat. He is an accomplished Journalist and an acclaimed Public Speaker and Broadcaster, the youngest in Gambian history having taken to the airwaves at age fourteen. Tijan is also presenter of a new Sports program entitled, NYA WON FA WON and an entertainment program, KRIO CORNER which begins soon.
Fabakary Touray commonly known as DJ Faks joined the Kibaaro Radio crew to bring you the 'Lovers Night Show, Sundays and Mondays from 7.30pm GMT.
Imam Sarr is the Imam of the Gambian Mosque London. He studied at the Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. He will be presenting a weekly Kut'ba Sermons in Wollof on Kibaaro Radio every Friday.
Ousainou Baye Sankareh has been the Alkalo of the Kibaaro.com He anchors the Sarahuleh Radio programme on Kibaaro Radio.
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This will be the place to talk about how your games went and talk about upcoming games. and if board members play each other we can schedule times to play
Today i won 31-7. Had Cassel at QB who threw 2 TD and for 76 yds. but my D stepped it up with 4 Take aways.
D. Bowe is my reciever but didn't do anything lol.
I got the broncos next (Obi Jon or something controls them)


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Children and adults can climb onboard one of the many miniature steam engines at Melsa, which run on a circuit around Queens Park. The sight of little legs – and not so little legs – dangling from tiny carriages as the trains weave around the track is guaranteed to delight.
It's a tradition begun by the city's Model Engineers and Live Steamers Association (Melsa) 30 years ago – and one that uniquely capture Maryborough's carefree, family-friendly lifestyle.
The miniature tracks and the station shelter can be found in Queens Park, Maryborough. The trains run on the last Sunday of the month as part of the Sunday in the Park celebrations including Brass Bands, food stalls and children's activities.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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Bicycle, also called bike, two-wheeled steerable machine that is pedaled by the rider's feet. On a standard bicycle the wheels are mounted in-line in a metal frame, with the front wheel held in a rotatable fork. The rider sits on a saddle and steers by leaning and turning handlebars that are attached to the fork. The feet turn pedals attached to cranks and a chainwheel. Power is transmitted by a loop of chain connecting the chainwheel to a sprocket on the rear wheel. Riding is easily mastered, and bikes can be ridden with little effort at 16–24 km (10–15 miles) per hour—about four to five times the pace of walking. The bicycle is the most efficient means yet devised to convert human energy into mobility.
Bicycles are widely used for transportation, recreation, and sport (see cycling). Throughout the world, bicycles are essential to moving people and goods in areas where there are few automobiles. Globally, there are twice as many bicycles as automobiles, and they outsell automobiles three to one. The Netherlands, Denmark, and Japan actively promote bicycles for shopping and commuting. In the United States, bike paths have been constructed in many parts of the country, and bicycles are encouraged by the United States government as an alternative to automobiles.
History of the bicycle
Bicycle predecessors
Historians disagree about the invention of the bicycle, and many dates are challenged. It is most likely that no individual qualifies as the inventor and that the bicycle evolved through the efforts of many. Although Leonardo da Vinci was credited with having sketched a bicycle in 1492 in his Codex Atlanticus, the drawing was discovered to be a forgery added in the 1960s. Another presumed bicycle ancestor, the vélocifère, or célérifère, of the 1790s was a fast horse-drawn coach that is not considered to be a predecessor of the bicycle.
Draisiennes, hobby-horses, and other velocipedes
The first two-wheeled rider-propelled machine for which there is indisputable evidence was the draisienne, invented by Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun of Germany. In 1817 he rode it for 14 km (9 miles), and the following year he exhibited it in Paris. Although von Drais called his device a Laufmaschine ("running machine"), draisienne and velocipede became more popular names. The machine was made of wood, and the seated rider propelled himself by paddling his feet against the ground. A balance board supported the rider's arms. Although von Drais was granted patents, copies were soon being produced in other countries, including Great Britain, Austria, Italy, and the United States.
Denis Johnson of London purchased a draisienne and patented an improved model in 1818 as the "pedestrian curricle." The following year he produced more than 300, and they became commonly known as hobby-horses. They were very expensive, and many buyers were members of the nobility. Caricaturists called the devices "dandy horses," and riders were sometimes jeered in public. The design raised health concerns, and riding proved impractical except on smooth roads. Johnson's production ended after only six months. The brief draisienne–hobby-horse fad did not lead to sustained development of two-wheeled vehicles, but von Drais and Johnson established that the machines could remain balanced while in motion. For the next 40 years, most experimenters focused on human-powered three- and four-wheeled velocipedes.
Treadles and pedals: powered velocipedes
There is evidence that a small number of two-wheeled machines with rear treadle drives were built in southwestern Scotland during the early 1840s. Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a blacksmith of Dumfriesshire, is most often associated with these. He is said to have traveled 40 miles (64 km) to Glasgow in 1842, although documentation is problematic. Gavin Dalzell of Lesmahagow probably built a similar two-wheeled machine in the mid-1840s and is said to have operated it for many years. This may be the heavily restored machine in the Glasgow Museum of Transport. It has wooden wheels and iron rims. The rider's feet swung treadles back and forth, moving a pair of rods connected to cranks on the rear wheels. Thomas McCall, another Scotsman, built similar machines in the late 1860s. Documents indicate that Alexandre Lefèbvre of Saint-Denis, France, built a two-wheeled velocipede powered by treadles connected to cranks on the rear wheel in 1842. Lefèbvre took his velocipede with him when he immigrated to California in 1861, and it still exists there in the History San José museum. Neither the Scottish nor Lefèbvre's machines were commercially exploited, and there is no evidence that they contributed to subsequent development.
The word bicycle came into use in Europe in 1868 to replace the cumbersome vélocipède de pedale. The first velocipede powered via pedals mounted on the front wheel was built in Paris during the early 1860s, but there is no conclusive evidence proving who conceived the idea of applying pedals to the front wheel or who actually did so. There is evidence that Pierre Lallement, a French mechanic, built and demonstrated such a machine in Paris in mid-1863. At that time he was working for M. Strohmayer, a Parisian maker of carriages for children and invalids. Lallement took parts for an improved velocipede with him when he went to the United States in 1865, and he completed his new veloce in Ansonia, Connecticut. Although a United States patent was issued in 1866, a manufacturer could not be enlisted, and Lallement returned to France sometime in 1868. In that same year, French velocipedes built by Michaux et Cie. (a company that made carriage locks) started a craze in America, and Lallement was able to sell his patent to American entrepreneur Calvin Witty for $2,000. This would soon have consequences for the American industry.
Pierre Michaux and his son Ernest presented their pedal-driven velocipede in the 1860s. The best evidence indicates that they built it in Paris in early 1864 (not 1861 or 1855, as stated in many histories), and a few more were built in 1865 and 1866. Some had malleable cast-iron frames, apparently in anticipation of large-scale production. Cranks and pedals were attached to the front wheel, which was 86 to 91 cm (34 to 36 inches) in diameter. The rear wheel was slightly smaller. Although the company filed no claim to the basic design, it patented a number of improvements in April 1868.
From boneshakers to bicycles
Michaux's role as the pioneer manufacturer of pedal bicycles is inextricably linked with the Olivier brothers, René and Aimé. In 1865 these two rich young men pedaled velocipedes more than 800 km (500 miles) from Paris to Marseille, and their subsequent enthusiasm for the new sport helped it to become a worldwide craze for the young, fit, and well-to-do. The brothers paid 50,000 francs for a 69 percent equity in Michaux, which then moved to a much larger factory. The first models had a serpentine-shaped malleable iron frame. Shortly thereafter the firm switched to a diagonal frame made of wrought iron, which quickly became the industry standard. Serious production commenced in 1867, the year of the Paris Exposition. Many visitors saw velocipedes on the streets; popularity spread; and the number of makers multiplied. By the fall of 1868, the new velocipede was a familiar sight across France, and sales reached new heights despite relatively high prices. In 1869 the Oliviers took full control of Michaux et Cie. and changed the name to Compagnie Parisienne des Velocipedes. Production reached about 200 velocipedes per month. By that time more than 100 French companies were making velocipedes. In 1869 ball bearings and tension-spoked wheels were invented, and the freewheel (which allows coasting) was patented. The hard ride of wood-spoked wheels and iron rims gave early velocipedes the sobriquet of "boneshaker," but solid rubber tires and wire-spoked wheels helped soften the ride. In 1870, just as the boneshaker was developing into a practical bicycle called the "ordinary," the Franco-German War set back the French industry. Bicycle manufacture survived, but most subsequent developments took place in Britain.
The first American bicycle craze (velocipedomania) was inspired by news from Paris. It began in late 1868 and quickly spread to the major East Coast cities. New York had the world's first cycling paper, The Velocipedist, published by the bicycle maker Pickering & Davis. Small American manufacturers sprang up, and more than 250 patents were filed in two years. Bicycles were promoted at indoor riding academies, often rinks from an earlier roller-skating craze, but enthusiasm quickly flagged when long-distance travel was found to be impractical. Calvin Witty's patent monopoly, in the form of a $10 royalty for every bicycle sold, assisted the demise, even though most makers ignored it. Interest had died out by 1871, not to be revived until after the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876.
Major bicycle production in Britain began in 1868, when Rowley B. Turner took a Michaux bicycle to Britain and showed it to his uncle, Josiah Turner, manager of the Coventry Sewing Machine Company. Rowley Turner ordered 400 machines, which were slated to be sold in Britain and France. Although the French sales were ultimately lost because of the war there, the British market easily absorbed the entire batch.
The ordinary bicycle
By the early 1870s, bicycle technology and usage had come into its own. The crude boneshaker, based on wooden carriage technology, was replaced by the elegant "ordinary" bicycle. Hollow steel tubular frames and forks, quality ball bearings, tension-spoked wheels, steel rims, solid rubber tires, and standardized parts became common. James Starley's 1871 Ariel set the design standard for the ordinary bicycle. The Ariel had a 48-inch (122-cm) front wheel and a 30-inch (76-cm) rear wheel. Starley's prolific improvements for bicycles and tricycles over the next 10 years earned him the title "Father of the Cycle Trade." By 1874 the centre of the bicycle industry had shifted from Paris to Coventry, and England led technical development into the 20th century.
Two British companies exhibited bicycles at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. Albert E. Pope, a Boston industrialist, liked what he saw and began to import British ordinaries. By 1880 the Pope Manufacturing Co. was making the Columbia, a copy of the British Duplex Excelsior. This was the beginning of the American bicycle industry. The ordinary's cranks were directly connected to the front wheel, and its speed was limited by pedaling cadence and wheel diameter. Larger front wheels went faster and handled better on bad roads. Tension spoking allowed front wheels ranging from 40 to 60 inches (102 to 152 cm) in diameter, according to the owner's leg length. Though these high bicycles were called ordinaries, by the 1890s the term penny-farthing had come into use as a pejorative, comparing the front wheel to the large British penny and the rear wheel to the much smaller farthing (quarter-penny). Ordinaries typically weighed about 40 pounds (18 kg), but track-racing models could weigh as little as 16 pounds (7 kg). The ordinary was inherently unsafe. Mounting and dismounting required skill, and the rider sat almost directly over the large front wheel. From that position he could be pitched forward onto his head by road hazards. Also, the ordinary was slowed by reverse pressure on the pedals or by a lever-operated spoon brake, and severe braking or even hard back-pedaling could pitch the rider forward. Finally, the ordinary was expensive, so that most riders were athletic young men from the upper and middle classes.
The safety bicycle
As the ordinary was developing, numerous designs offered safer alternatives, including tricycles, gearing to allow smaller front wheels, and treadle drives to lower the pedals and the rider. These were called safety bicycles. Chain-driven rear wheels were used on tricycles and prototype bicycles during the 1870s. Hans Renold invented the bush roller chain in Manchester, England, in 1880. This improved reliability and facilitated development of the safety bicycle.
The essential features of the safety bicycle were: spoked wheels roughly 30 inches (76 cm) in diameter, a chain-driven rear wheel with the front chainwheel roughly twice as large as the rear sprocket, a low centre of gravity, and direct front steering. Safety bicycles had decisive advantages in stability, braking, and ease of mounting. The first bicycle to provide all of these features and to achieve market acceptance was the 1885 Rover Safety designed by John Kemp Starley (James Starley's nephew). Prior to 1885 many alternative designs were called safety bicycles, but, after the Rover pattern took over the market in the late 1880s, safety bicycles were simply called bicycles. The last catalog year for ordinaries in England was 1892.
The early safety bicycles had solid rubber tires. In 1888 the pneumatic tire was introduced by John Boyd Dunlop, a Scottish veterinarian living in Belfast. These provided a more comfortable ride with greatly reduced rolling resistance. By 1893 virtually all new bicycles had pneumatic tires, which immensely increased their popularity. The pneumatic tire and the tension-spoked wheel did as much as the crank and pedal to establish the bicycle as a serious alternative to the horse. The 1890s saw mass production of practical bicycles with diamond-pattern frames, pneumatic tires, chain drives, and brakes. By the late 1890s most bicycles weighed only 25 to 35 pounds (11 to 16 kg).
The standardized design generated bicycle booms in Britain, the United States, and Europe, and hundreds of makers were spawned. In 1895 more than 800,000 bicycles were made in Britain. In 1899 more than 1.1 million bicycles were made in the United States. Large numbers of women started cycling, and the market greatly expanded; cycling came to symbolize the women's movement. But the boom quickly ended, and bicycle sales plummeted, which resulted in numerous bankruptcies and much lower bicycle prices. The end of the bicycle boom is incorrectly blamed on the automobile, but a more likely reason was the dynamic growth of early mass transit systems such as streetcars, which provided an attractive alternative to bicycle travel—especially in poor weather.
The modern bicycle
After 1900 innumerable refinements were made in materials, frame design, and components, but the bicycle's basic design remained almost static. The most significant technical improvement was multiple-speed gearing. After William Reilly was issued a patent for a two-speed internal hub gear in 1896, these gears became a feature of deluxe bicycles in Britain. By 1913 the Sturmey-Archer Company was making 100,000 three-speed hub gears per year. French cyclists experimented with a variety of multiple-speed mechanisms, and by the 1920s derailleur gears that moved the chain from one sprocket to another had become established in France.
By the 1920s in the United States, automobiles had largely relegated bicycles to those too poor or too young to drive. American bicycles weighed as much as 60 pounds (27 kg) and were styled like motorcycles to appeal to children. During World War II, American soldiers discovered lightweight geared bicycles in Europe, and a small adult market developed during the 1950s and '60s. In the 1960s a teenage fad developed for a new design that was typified by the Schwinn Stingray. These high-rise bicycles had small wheels, banana-shaped saddles, and long handlebars. By 1968 they made up about 75 percent of U.S. bicycle sales, and 20 million teenagers owned high-rise bicycles. Upon outgrowing them, however, the young consumers switched to 10-speeds, so named because two chainwheels and five freewheel sprockets allowed a total of 10 different gear ratios. Young buyers generated a second boom; from 1972 to 1974 annual U.S. sales doubled from 7 million to 14 million. About half of the bicycles sold were 10-speeds. The oil embargo of 1974 expanded adult bicycling, and the United States became the major market for quality bicycles. However, sales slumped back to 7 million in 1975, and many bicycle companies went bankrupt. Japanese and Taiwanese companies survived and took over the export market from European companies.
The next resurgence in cycling was caused by the so-called mountain bike. First called "clunkers" by their inventors, mountain bikes were developed in northern California during the 1970s. In the 1980s they replaced 10-speeds in the same way that safety bicycles had replaced ordinaries in the 1880s. The mountain bike became the standard bicycle in the developed world and in 1993 accounted for 95 percent of bicycle sales in the United States. Touring and racing bicycles became known as road bikes.
Bicycle design
Basic types
Most present-day bicycles fit into six main categories: utility, touring, racing, mountain, hybrid, and BMX. Utility bicycles are basic transportation in developing countries, where hundreds of millions are in service. In the developed world, utility bicycles are used by children or by adults for short trips. They have heavy frames, flat handlebars, wide tires and seats, simple brakes, and usually a single speed. Weighing more than 30 pounds (14 kg), they are ruggedly built, easy to maintain, and inexpensive. Folding small-wheel utility bicycles are popular for commuting in Europe owing to their easy storage. Most are derived from a unique bicycle created in 1963 by a British engineer, Alex Moulton. His design used a single large tube as its main horizontal member, and it featured small 16-inch- (41-cm-) diameter wheels and both front and rear suspension to overcome the harsh ride inherent in small wheels. Moulton's concept was widely copied (but without his patented suspension) in the United Kingdom and continental Europe.
Touring bicycles offer a stable ride and often have triple chainwheels as well as racks that allow the rider to carry specially designed luggage (panniers). These bikes have lightweight frames, 14 to 27 speeds, narrow tires and saddles, and typically drop-style handlebars. They weigh from 25 to 30 pounds (11 to 14 kg).
Road-racing bicycles are designed for maximum speed and weigh about 20 pounds (9 kg). They have very light frames, narrow high-pressure tires, dropped handlebars, and derailleur gears with at least 16 speeds. Track-racing models have a single fixed gear.
Mountain bikes have wide low-pressure tires with knobs for traction, flat handlebars, wide-range derailleur gearing with up to 27 speeds, and powerful brakes. Their flat handlebars allow an upright riding position. Many mountain bikes have front suspension similar to motorcycles. Full-suspension mountain bikes have unconventional frames to allow rear-wheel movement. Mountain bicycles weigh from less than 25 pounds to about 35 pounds (11 to 16 kg).
Hybrid bicycles combine the features of road bicycles and mountain bikes. They have become very popular and are generally used for light recreation and urban commuting. Most have flat handlebars and medium-width tires designed for paved roads.
BMX (bicycle motocross) bikes appeared in the early 1970s as an offshoot of motocross. They were designed for racing on dirt tracks replete with tight turns, berms, and jumps. BMX bikes are durable, with 20-inch- (51-cm-) diameter wheels mounted on a small frame. There is a single speed, the seat is low, and the handlebars are high. These traits make the BMX an extremely maneuverable bike, and it moved off the tracks and became popular on suburban and city streets. BMX-type bikes are used for freestyle riding, which emphasizes acrobatics rather than racing.
There are several other variants of the standard bicycle. Recumbent frames allow the rider to sit low to the ground in a slightly reclined position, with the legs driving cranks attached to a horizontal tube. Recumbents are often recommended for riders who are uncomfortable on traditional bicycles. There is no standard design, but the wheelbase is usually extended and the front wheel reduced in size. The design reduces wind resistance. Other variations include the tricycle, which has two rear wheels for increased stability and typically is used by small children and the elderly; the tandem bicycle, in which two riders sit one behind the other, the front rider steering; and stationary exercise bicycles.
Basic components
Bicycle frame tubing is usually made of low-carbon steel. Better-quality bicycle frames use aluminum or chromium-molybdenum alloy steel. More expensive materials, such as titanium and carbon-fibre composites, also are used. The most common design is the traditional diamond frame, which is formed by two triangles of tubing. The main triangle consists of the top tube, the seat tube, and the down tube. The rear triangle consists of the seat tube, chain stays, and seat stays. The seat post and saddle fit on top of the seat tube. The bottom bracket holds the spindle and the cranks. The right crank carries the chainwheel (or chainwheels). The head tube holds the steering forks, the stem, and the handlebars. The step-through, or lady's frame, has a lower top tube. Full-suspension mountain bikes use a different frame design with a pivoted rear triangle to provide rear wheel movement. There is no standard design.
Bicycle wheels have a rim to retain the tire, a ball-bearing hub, and spokes between hub and rim. Spokes are made of steel wire, laced tangentially and kept under tension by threaded nipples in the rims that are adjusted to keep the rim straight (true). Hub axles are held in the frame either by nuts or by a cam-action (quick-release) lever.
Rim diameters vary from 14 to 27 inches (36 to 69 cm), with the standard mountain bike rim being 26 inches and the standard road rim being 27 inches. Rim widths vary from 3/4 inch to 11/2 inches (2 to 4 cm). The rim cross section depends on the tire pressure and the brake type. Straight-side rims rely on the tire's steel bead for retention. Hooked-edge rims rely on air pressure to hold the tire bead under the lip of the rim. Quality rims are extruded from aluminum alloy, and inexpensive rims are made from chrome-plated steel. Tubular rims are used with tubular racing tires, which are glued to the rim.
Tires with wire beads are called clinchers, though the proper technical name is wired-on or hook-bead. Clincher tires have a wearing surface of synthetic rubber vulcanized onto a two-ply cotton or nylon casing. Air pressure is contained by a butyl rubber inner tube with either a Presta or a Schrader valve. Schrader valves are identical to automobile tire valves; Prestas are unique to bicycles.
Inventors have developed a variety of methods to transmit power from the rider's legs to the bicycle, but none can compete with the high efficiency, reliability, and low cost of chain drives. Derailleurs and internal hub gears are devices that allow riders to match pedaling speed (cadence) to changing terrain.
The rear derailleur moves the chain from one rear sprocket to the next. The front derailleur moves the chain from one front chainwheel to the next. By varying the size of the sprockets and chainwheels, the rear wheel can turn faster or slower than the crank. Modern bicycles have up to 10 sprockets on the rear freewheel and 3 chainwheels on the crank, providing a theoretical maximum of 30 different gear ratios. The rear derailleur includes a spring-loaded pulley to take up chain slack. In the 1990s simple levers for shifting were replaced by trigger and twist-grip mechanisms that precisely positioned the derailleurs in the centred positions and thereby reduced the skill required for shifting gears. Rear internal hub gears are available with 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 14 speeds. They are slightly less efficient than derailleurs.
Utility bicycles usually use a coaster brake inside the rear hub. The brake is activated by backpedaling. In developing countries rod brakes are often used. Rods connect the handlebar levers to stirrups that pull pads of friction material against the inside of the rim. Front and rear brakes on other bikes are actuated by cables connected to a brake lever on each handlebar. Caliper brakes squeeze two pads against the sides of the rim. Drum brakes that force two arcs of friction material against the inside of a steel drum on the hub are less common. Disc brakes have been designed for mountain bikes. They squeeze against a metal disc located near the hub instead of against the rims.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Cycling, use of a bicycle for sport, recreation, or transportation. The sport of cycling consists of professional and amateur races, which are held mostly in continental Europe, the United States, and Asia. The recreational use of the bicycle is widespread in Europe and the United States. Use of the bicycle…
roads and highways: Roads in the age of the automobile…before 1900, but from the bicycle, for whose benefit road improvement began in many countries during the 1880s and '90s. Nevertheless, while the requirements of the lightweight, low-speed bicycle were satisfied by the old "macadamized" surfaces, the automobile began to raise its own seemingly insatiable demands as the world entered…
Amsterdam…still relies on the time-honoured bicycle for transportation. The city continues to be famous for its countless Chinese and Indonesian restaurants and the hundreds of houseboats that line its canals. Since the mid-1960s Amsterdam also has been known for a permissive atmosphere, and it attracts many people seeking an alternative…
James Starley…inventor and father of the bicycle industry.…
PSA GroupPSA Group, major French automotive manufacturer and holding company that was formed from the merger of Peugeot and Citroën in 1976. It is one of Europe's largest carmakers. Its headquarters are in Paris. Peugeot's origins trace to 1810, when brothers Jean-Pierre II and Jean-Frédéric Peugeot created…
More About Bicycle5 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- effect on road construction
- importance in Amsterdam
- In Amsterdam
- invention and design by Starley
- use by police
- velocipede design
- In velocipede


text:
Content about sport
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text:
- Remove This Item Size: 53cm
- Brand
- Size
- Range
- Category
- Features
- Colours
- Screen Size
- Price
- £0 £320 £0 to £320
- Warranty
Delsey Quarterback Premium 2Cpt Wheeled Cabin 17.3" Laptop Backpack
Regular Price: £229.00
Special Price £206.10
Delsey Tramontane Duffle Backpack - 53cm
Regular Price: £89.00
Special Price £80.10
Out of stock
Any seasoned traveller knows the importance of high-quality luggage. If you're making regular trips overseas, having substandard baggage will catch you out sooner or later. Their constant and often rough treatment by airport baggage handlers, not to mention the bumps and scrapes that occur naturally when in transit, make robust and sturdy luggage a vital investment. That being said, quality does not have to mean sacrificing on design and appearance. Every traveller should be able to expect both and few luggage brands epitomise this more than Delsey.
Immensely popular with travellers around the world, today one item of Delsey luggage is sold approximately every ten seconds worldwide! This status has been achieved through the hard work and ingenuity of their innovators over nearly 70 years. Paying such close attention to the quality and durability of their items and the continuous development of ideas demonstrates their commitment to improving the look and feel of suitcases by Delsey. It's clearly effort that is being acknowledged by the millions of Delsey customers worldwide.
Suitcases by Delsey
Suitcases by Delsey are just one of a number of luggage pieces on offer. Available in a selection of colours and sizes, they have the item you're looking for whether it's for a weekend away or a longer period of travel. As well as looking great, Delsey luggage also gives you the perfect solution for transporting your belongings safely and securely. The tough and durable exteriors provide a wealth of padding for already snugly packed contents, giving you peace of mind that they're well protected during even the roughest journeys. There's nothing worse than worrying about the fate of your belongings when you're travelling, but with Delsey luggage this will be the last thing on your mind.
Where can I find Delsey luggage?
Delsey has long been acknowledged for its luggage excellence. Many of the most well-known lifestyle publications have featured extended articles on Delsey luggage over the years, delivering a huge vote of confidence to customers looking for the perfect luggage solution.
If you want access to the very latest suitcases by Delsey, look no further than Luggage Superstore. We're confident that you won't find a more extensive range of competitively priced high-quality luggage anywhere else and the order process couldn't be simpler. If the multitude of choice on offer has left you unsure which piece of Delsey luggage is most appropriate for your needs, one of our experts will be only too happy to help. We can answer any questions you have and help you reach a decision that will see you invest in Delsey luggage that will look great and serve you well for years to come. Purchasing your Delsey suitcase or other items couldn't be easier – simply check out and pay with a safe, secure online transaction.


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It's that time of year where New Year's resolutions are in full gear. You have promised yourself to make it to the gym more often, try harder to get that new job, or take more time out to do the things that you enjoy.
"All your resolutions have one common denominator — you must drive to get there. You have to drive to the gym, drive to your interview and drive to visit the vineyard that's been on your bucket list," says Rich White, executive director, Car Care Council.
So why not resolve to take better care of your car and drive smarter? All your resolutions depend on it! Here are 13 tips provided by the Car Care Council for 2013 that will help with your resolutions:
- Get regular oil changes since they are your best investment toward the longevity of the engine.
- Get regular brake inspections which are the best way to ensure safe and reliable breaking and minimize the cost of repairs when break service is needed.
- Make sure your gas cap is secure and tight. A loose gas cap can trigger the "Check Engine" or "service Engine Soon" light.
- Ensure your tires are properly inflated. Proper tire inflation can improve gas mileage by more than 3 percent when maintained regularly.
- Get regular alignment checks — they are your best way to maximize tire life and ensure that your car performs on the road as originally designed.
- Get routine tune-ups and engine performance checks — they can be your best assurance of good performance and fuel economy. A healthy running engine maximizes the life of expensive emission system components.
- Frequent washing and polishing is the best way to protect your car's finish from the damaging effects of acid rain.
- You should check the condition of the coolant each spring and fall to make sure the additives that protect against corrosion still function.
- Have any suspicions of a leak checked out at once. Carbon monoxide from your car's exhaust is odorless, colorless-and lethal.
- Try to replace your car's fuel filter every two years or 24,000 miles for best results.
- During normal driving, you may not notice a light that isn't working; inspect your car's lights at every oil change.
- You should test your battery every fall. If your car's battery is three years old or more, consider replacing it since the chances of failure increase.
- Improper ride height of your car can impact alignment angles and cause premature wear of some steering and suspension parts.
The Car Care Council is the source of information for the "Be Car Care Aware" consumer education campaign promoting the benefits of regular vehicle care, maintenance and repair to consumers. For a copy of the council's Car Care Guide or for more information, visit www.carcare.org.


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Coordinated treatment and care by a multidisciplinary team of clinician-researchers, with experience and expertise in treating cancer and its related symptoms, can help ensure quality of life for longer periods than have been possible in the past.
Follow-Up Care
Regular follow-up care after the initial course of treatment is very important. You should never hesitate to let members of your cancer care team know if you experience any symptoms, changes, or treatment-related problems.
Symptom Management
For many patients with gallbladder or bile duct cancer, symptom control is just as important as treatment aimed at controlling the disease. When the tumor is too widespread to be removed, palliative procedures may help prevent blockage of bile ducts and relieve symptoms, such as jaundice, itching of the skin, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Other Support Services
To help patients manage some of the other issues that may come up following treatment, Memorial Sloan Kettering offers a wide range of programs, including the following:
Integrative Medicine Service
Our Integrative Medicine Service is designed to enhance quality of life through healing regimens that address the body, mind, and spirit. Beneficial complementary therapies include various types of massage, acupuncture, hypnotherapy, meditation, visualization and other mind-body therapies, music therapy, and nutritional counseling, as well as classes such as yoga, t'ai chi, and chair aerobics. Patients may benefit from some of these services while in the hospital, while other services are better suited to recovering or recovered patients after discharge.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Counseling Center
Our Counseling Center offers individual and family counseling sessions to help cancer survivors and their families address the problems they may encounter in adjusting to life during and after treatment.
Help for Older Patients
A diagnosis of cancer is difficult at any age, but older patients face unique challenges. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is committed to providing cancer patients age 65 and older with the treatment, facilities, and support they need.
Memorial Sloan Kettering offers the services of a multidisciplinary geriatric team, which includes physicians, clinical nurse specialists, social workers, nutritionists, and psychiatrists, as well as members of the Palliative Medicine Service and the Integrative Medicine Service. The programs and care the team provides focus on the needs of elderly cancer patients.
For more information about our services for older patients as well as for their family and friends, visit the Help for Older Patients section of our website.
Screening & Wellness
Memorial Sloan Kettering provides numerous prevention, screening, and wellness services. Information about these services; up-to-date information on cancer screening tests and guidelines; guidance on how to stop smoking; and how to follow a healthy diet can be found on our website in the Prevention & Screening section.
Access Information Through our Patient Portal
Memorial Sloan Kettering offers a secure website — called MYMSKCC — for patients to access personalized information about their care. If you enroll to use MYMSKCC, you can view, confirm, and keep track of appointments; access over 300 lab results; make changes to contact and insurance information; communicate with your healthcare team and other staff using secure electronic messages; and pay bills and view balances. Learn more about MYMSKCC.
To enroll in MYMSKCC, please ask a Care Coordinator (CC) in clinic or contact your physician's office.
Supportive Care and Pain Management
At Memorial Sloan Kettering, we focus on all aspects of comprehensive cancer care, not just treating the disease. Our specialists in supportive care can help you cope with the side effects of therapy. These include pain, nausea, and fatigue. We can also help with the emotional and spiritual needs that often come up during and after cancer treatment.
Learn more about how our Supportive Care Service can help you throughout the cancer experience.
If you are in pain during your treatments or even after they're over, we have pain specialists who can help. We will build a plan that makes sense for you and your needs. Our experts can work with your doctor and pharmacists to give you solutions for both acute physical pain, which comes on suddenly, as well as chronic pain, which can linger. Our goal is to keep you as comfortable as possible.


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By Abdi Sheikh and Abdirahman Hussein
MOGADISHU (Reuters) - Two car bombs exploded in the Somali capital Mogadishu on Monday, wounding at least five people including a government official, police and witnesses said.
Islamist militant group al Shabaab has waged a bombing campaign in Mogadishu ever since African Union troops drove the militants out of the capital in August 2011 but it was not immediately clear if the al Qaeda-aligned group was behind the latest blasts.
Ahmed Omar Mudane, deputy governor of the Lower Shabelle region, lost a leg and an arm when a bomb planted underneath his car detonated, senior police officer Colonel Ahmed Abdulle said.
A second car bomb exploded a few hours later outside the gate of the Oriental Hotel, wounding four people. Police said the second car was empty when the blast took place.
"We believe al Shabaab exploded the explosives in the car remotely," said Hussein Aden, a police officer at the scene of the second blast.
A Reuters witness saw two burnt out cars smoldering outside the hotel.
Last month three bombs exploded within an hour outside a hotel frequented by government officials in a heavily fortified district of the Somali capital, killing at least 11 people.
Somalia is rebuilding after more than two decades of civil war but Islamist rebels control swatches of the country outside Mogadishu and have frequently carried out attacks against government officials and foreign targets in the capital.
(Writing by Drazen Jorgic; Editing by Janet Lawrence)


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The San Diego Chargers have a new general manager: Tom Telesco.
The team has announced that Telesco is the new G.M., and a press conference introducing him has been set for this afternoon.
Telesco comes from the Colts, where he was vice president of football operations, and he was widely viewed as a strong candidate to land the job. So this news comes as no surprise.
Now Telesco will turn his attention to hiring a new head coach in San Diego. The fact that the Chargers brought in an executive from Indianapolis will ramp up speculation that the leading candidate to become San Diego's coach is Bruce Arians, the Indianapolis offensive coordinator who spent most of the season as the Colts' head coach while Chuck Pagano was undergoing chemotherapy. Arians is a strong candidate, and he may now have a strong ally in San Diego.


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The snow is starting to taper off in the Poconos and PennDOT has restored the speed limit on most major highways.
Traffic tie-ups caused by vehicles unable to climb hills were reported at Lincoln Avenue and Forge Road in East Stroudsburg, and Hallet Road in Stroud Township earlier today.
PennDOT asks motorists to allow plenty of space when driving near plow trucks. Also, for their own safety and the safety of plow operators, motorists should never attempt to pass a truck while it is plowing or spreading winter materials.
By 5:30 residents reported 5 to 8 inches of snow had fallen on the Poconos, depending on the location. Marshalls Creek residents reported in with 5 inches while residents in Mount Pocono and Abrightsville reported 8 inches.
Christmas Jam at the Sherman Theater for tonight is canceled
Ciro's Holiday Celebration With George Lang Trio is rescheduled for Jan. 5.
Send cancellations to email@example.com


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YHA London Oxford Street
A quiet hideaway from the bustle of the busiest street in the world, YHA Oxford Street allows you relax and have this fabulous city at your fingertips.
We offer private 2-bed, 3-bed or 4-bed, dorm-4 bed and family prices for all rooms (those with under 18 children only).
None of our rooms are ensuite - showers and toilets are within easy access of all rooms.
Due to the hostel location and layout of the building we would not recommend families bring children under the age of 14 here. YHA St Pancras, Thameside and St Paul's hostels are much better suited to families.
Reception is on the 3rd floor with lift access from the ground - accommodation on this floor is limited. Please note: There is no interior lift access to rooms above 3rd floor.
We apologise, but due to the building architecture we have no disabled facilities at YHA Oxford Street. YHA London Central has full disabled access and is our next nearest hostel.
Towels are available to rent or buy from reception, as are padlocks and travel adapters.
Smoking is prohibited across the entire UK in public buildings. Please do not smoke in our rooms."
Once inside, youll be greeted by a splash of colour and of course a smile! We have 104 beds in 2, 3, or 4 bedded private and dormitory rooms. Youll have access to a self-catering kitchen, an in-house laundrette, a TV lounge, bar, internet access and free WI-FI for YHA/HI members! Membership is available at reception if you wish to take advangage of this.
Our reception is open 24 hours and we operate a key card system throughout the hostel so you can get in and out whenever you like. Please note, due to our location we are a very busy and vibrant hostel and would not recommend families bring children under the age of 14 here. YHA St Pancras or St Pauls may be a more suitable location for younger families.
*** IMPORTANT - YHA is a charity aiming to inspire all, especially young people, to broaden their horizons, gaining knowledge and independence through new experiences of adventure and discovery. In support of this aim, YHA is a membership organisation and all prices quoted on this website are members rates. A non-member supplement equivalent to GBP 3.00 per person per night will be charged on arrival for those guests not in possession of a valid YHA (England & Wales) Ltd or equivalent IYHF/ Hostelling International membership card. ***
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hostel Facilities & Policies
- 24 Hour Reception
- 24 Hour Security
- Adaptors
- Bar
- Board Games
- Book Exchange
- Breakfast Not Included
- Card Phones
- Ceiling Fan
- Child Friendly
- Common Room
- Credit Cards Accepted
- Free City Maps
- Free WiFi
- Hair Dryers For Hire
- Hot Showers
- House Keeping
- Internet Access
- Key Card Access
- Self-Catering Facilities
- Late check-out
- Laundry Facilities
- Linen Included
- Security Lockers
- Luggage Storage
- Meals Available
- No Curfew
- Non Smoking
- Reading Light
- Reception (limited hours)
- Taxes included
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Towels For Hire
- Washing Machine
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 1 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
Must-Read Hostel InfoThis property has specific Terms & Conditions.
YHA is a charity aiming to inspire all, especially young people, to broaden their horizons, gaining knowledge and independence through new experiences of adventure and discovery.
Please note, we do not charge an additional temporary membership fee. Discounts are not available for members of YHA (England & Wales) or IYHF as part of this booking
• Hand soap is provided next to all sinks. Towels are not supplied as standard but can be rented or purchased from reception. Bedding is supplied in all rooms.
• Free Wi-Fi is available in social spaces
*All bookings for more than 16 people will not be accepted by YHA and will be cancelled.*
Check in from 2pm.
Check out before 10am.
Please note that our breakfast price is £6.25.
This property may pre-authorise your card before arrival.
Cancellation policy: Cancellation notice must be given at least one full day prior to arrival date. In case of a late cancellation or No Show, you will be charged the first night of your stay.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
From Oxford Circus Station:
Take exit eight. Turn left into Argyll Street; at the end, turn left into Great Marlborough Street. Go straight ahead until the intersection with Poland Street. There Great Marlborough Street changes into Noel Street and the hostel is on corner next to the tree mural.
Ordanance Survey Map Number:
Grid Reference:
Hostel Longitude:
Hostel Latitude:
Located Near
Within 5 minutes�� walking distance are a large variety of eclectic cafes, pubs, cinemas, quirky boutiques & great alternative nightlife. All of London��s major attractions are close by - London Eye, Madame Tussaud��s, London Dungeons & the Tower of London. We even sell discounted tickets at reception! If shopping is your thing, we are only a block away from London��s famous Oxford Street, Europe��s largest high street. And if that��s not enough for you, we are also nestled amongst London'��s West End.


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James Duncan went to work making french fries at McDonald�s when he was 16.
Wednesday, the 24-year-old accepted a prize that recognizes the top 1 percent of managers out of 14,000 U.S. franchises.
The Ray Kroc Award, named for the McDonald�s founder, is based on sales as well as character, management and leadership, said Jeff Stanton, whose family company, Stanton Enterprises, owns six McDonald�s locations in Gaston and Mecklenburg counties.
Stanton nominated his Belmont manager for the honor. As he talked about his star employee, spontaneous clapping erupted from the drive through and the grill.
It wasn�t for Duncan. The award was a secret until McDonald�s USA President Jeff Stratton could let Duncan in on the big news.
The applause was for the goals met behind the counter. Duncan likes to recognize the store�s everyday successes, Stanton explained.
He said Duncan not only excels in day-to-day duties � things like scheduling and managing 70 employees, overseeing training programs, making restaurant orders and guaranteeing speed and cleanliness � but works hard to keep Stanton Enterprises in the know about the community.
He calls Duncan a leader and a partner.
The manager brings school fundraising ideas to Stanton and pays attention to the areas where McDonald�s can benefit the people in and around his store.
Among the Belmont restaurant�s projects are high school band nights and back-to-school nights that donated more than 1,000 backpacks with school supplies to local students in need.
The Belmont restaurant manager also spends time off the clock helping to mentor other McDonald�s leaders.
�He�s got such a heart for the business and wants to see people succeed,� Stanton said.
More proof of that quality is that the East Gaston High School graduate uses a portion of the salary he earns at McDonald�s toward his brother�s East Carolina University tuition.
The Kroc Award will help boost Duncan�s savings. It comes with a $2,500 cash prize as well as a three-day trip to Chicago for an awards ceremony in March.
Stanton says Duncan�s leadership is evident in the customer service he and others at the Main Street McDonald�s offer.
Customer Arlene Metcalf has her own view on the Belmont McDonald�s.
When her ankle was broken, employees brought her coffee to her regular table.
They rushed to open the front door when she was using a walker or a wheelchair.
When she gets there every morning, a chorus of �Hey Arlene� awaits.
�A lot of people, including me, have prayed over this place because they are so loving to everyone,� she said.


text:
Best Price galvanized heavy duty used livestock panels/ cattle panels/ sheep panels
1.Round pipe style livestock panels:
Pre hot dip galvanized steel pipe
Galvanized or epoxy paint (Powder coating)
Height × Length
1800mm × 2100mm
Vertical Pipe (Round Tube)
32mm O.D. 1.6mm Thickness
42mm O.D. 1.6mm Thickness
Horizontal Rails (Round Tube)
42mm O.D. 1.6mm Thickness
(6 round rails)
Fully welded post brackets.
Bull bars are fully welded.
Vertical Pipe (Square tube)
40mm × 40mm RHS × 1.6mm Thickness
50mm × 50mm RHS × 1.6mm Thickness
Horizontal Rails (Square tube)
50mm × 50mm RHS × 1.6mm Thickness
3.Round rail and Square Vertical pipe style live stock panels:
Horizontal Rails (Round tube)
1800mm × 2100mm, 1800mm×2250mm,
1800mm×2500mm, 1800mm×3100mm
Vertical Pipe (Uprights) (Square tube)
60mm × 60mm RHS × 1.6mm Thickness
Horizontal Rails (Oval rail tube)
30mm × 60mm × 1.6mm Thickness
40mm × 80mm × 1.6mm Thickness
45mm × 110mm × 1.6mm Thickness
42mm × 115mm × 1.6mm Thickness
Livestock Panel Gates for your reference:
2200mm × 2000mm
Frame Vertical Pipe
50mm × 50mm RHS × 1.8mm Thickness with fully welded caps.
Frame Horizontal Pipe
40mm × 80mm oval rail× 1.6mm Thickness ×6 rails
Fully welded oval types
Al the brackets and hinges are heavy dutyCommon specification:
6. Common specification:
No. of rails
Size of Rail
Livestock panels round rail
42mm O.D. 1.6mm
Livestock panels square rail
40mm × 40mm RHS × 1.6mm
Livestock panels oval rail
40mm × 40mm RHS × 2mm
30mm × 60mm × 1.6mm
30mm × 60mm × 2mm
40mm × 80mm × 1.6mm
40mm × 80mm × 2mm
42mm × 115mm × 1.6mm
42mm × 115mm × 2mm
1. We have 15 years production experience and have
5 years foreign import and export experience.
2. There have strict inspection in our company to control the quality.
3. We have streamline production to insure the competitive price,
which can insure that you are competitive in your market.
4. We promise to our customer that if there is something wrong with
the product within the lifetime, we will repair the products within 10
days or re-back money to you or re-produce the products with no charge.
Our factory was build in 14th February, 2004. After 7 years development based on the principal
of "Integrity First and Superior Quality", we build our own company in 13th January, 2011. Also we
bought about 5000 square meter place as warehouse and office. Now our company has about 100
workers work here and accumulated many customer from all over the world, like Europe, United states,
Canada, Australia, etc. We are appreciated for all of our customers and will go on to provide good
service for them.
Q:Are you factory or Middleman?
A:We are factory located in No. A-08 of Wire Mesh Industrial Zone, Anping County, Hebei Province, China.
How you insure your quality is good and price is competitive?
The goods are made of galvanized steel pipe, and profusion welded. It can insure you good quality.
Price: We based on your application to provide different designs of livestock panels. Also, we as a factory, no middleman squeeze the profit between you and us.
Q:Which kind of Trading Terms you can accept.
A:Payment: L/C, D/P, D/A, Western Union, Paypal, etc.
Q:How many days you need to produce one container fence?
A:Production Time: 12-15 days for one container.