text:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)
Applicant Questions:
Job postings for vacant positions at SSU are available 24 hours a day on any computer with internet access. Position vacancies found online include managers, senior administrators and staff.
You must first complete an online application on any computer with internet access. A resume may be attached to the application, but is not required for every position. Please see the job posting for specific requirements.
You will be asked to provide information such as your name, address, phone number, email address, and education, and employment history. It is helpful to have this information immediately accessible before you begin the application. The system will automatically time you out after 45 minutes if there is no activity.
No. All applications and application attachments for staff and management positions must be submitted through our online recruitment process in PeopleSoft.
Unfortunately, we no longer accept applications via fax, mail or email. If you do not have access to a computer or web to apply for open positions, most public libraries have computers with internet capability for public use. If you have difficulty finding internet or computer access or if you need assistance with our online process, please contact Employment Services at 707-664-3100.
No. A completed employment application is required for each desired position. Be sure to review your information before submitting each application. For ease of entry, online details (e.g. work experience, ed ucation, etc.) with the exceptions of your answers to the Application Questionnaire will be retained and carried over to your application the next time you apply. You may attach a different resume and cover letter to the application each time you apply.
Yes. In order to receive full consideration you need to completely fill out each section of the application, even if you attach a resume.
Yes. You may complete parts of the application process and come back to it later. You must click SAVE FOR LATER to save the information you have entered.
No. You will only be considered for the position(s) for which you submit an application. If you would like to be considered for other available positions, you will need to submit your application for each position.
All applications must be submitted via the online application no later than midnight PST on the closing date for the position. Applications cannot be submitted after a closing date has passed. Application deadlines or review dates are on each job posting.
When you apply for a job, you will be asked if you are applying with a resume. Once you select this option, you will be prompted to attach your resume. Please add your cover letter as the first page of your resume and attach as one document.
Each time you apply you can have a unique application, resume, and cover letter. After selecting "Apply now", complete and/or review all information on your application. For ease of entry, online details (e.g. work experience, education, etc.) will be retained and carried over to your application the next time you apply.
If you cut and paste text that has special formatting such as bullets, hyphens, and other characters into the application, the formatted text may convert to questions marks or other odd characters in the system.
The spellcheck feature is available in all long text fields in the system. Each time you see the symbol INSERT SYMBOL you can spellcheck the text that has been entered or pasted into a field.
Once you have attached your resume and submitted your application, you may not change or delete the document. If you have attached the wrong document or failed to attach a document, please email the correct document, including your name, the job title, and the job opening ID number to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Please note: Documents cannot be added to applications once the filing deadline has past
After you submit your application, you will receive a confirmation email from firstname.lastname@example.com. If you do not receive a confirmation email within several hours, check your spam or junk folder. Some email accounts read generated emails and spam and filter them out of your inbox.
No. We only accept applications for open job postings. Prior to applying for a job, each prospective applicant can create a profile that will reduce the amount of data entry when you actually do apply for an open position.
If the department does not find a suitable candidate among those who applied by the first review date, applications received after that date will be considered. This explains why a position may still be posted on our web site even though the "first review" date has passed.
The department conducting the search will contact applicants directly if they are selected for an interview. The screening process typically includes a three to six week review and selection period after the filing deadline. Only those candidates selected for an interview will be contacted.
Jobs are removed once the filing deadline has past or the position has been filled.
References are generally checked after the interview process.
External applicants will create a user name and password during new user registration. See the External Applicant User Guide for detailed steps.
Internal applicants will use their existing Seawolf ID login information to log into the system. See the Internal Applicant User Guide for detailed steps.
An external applicant in an individual who is not Not currently employed in a staff or faculty position, a student employee, an Instructional Student Assistant, Teaching Assistant, or Graduate Assistant
An internal applicant in an individual who is currently employed in a staff or faculty position at Sonoma State University.
Click on the job title to view a description of the position.
If you are chosen for an interview, the hiring department will contact you directly to schedule and interview. You may note your availability in your cover letter.
You may email email@example.com for an update.
We only accept applications for posted jobs and do not keep applications "on file"
If you submitted your application prior to the first review date or filing deadline, you will receive an email once the position is filled.
Technical Questions:
Click the External Applicants link
- Click the Login Help hyperlink in the Login box
- Enter the email address you entered when you first applied.
- Provided the email address matches that which is on your profile, an email will be sent with your user name.
Try closing all of your web browser sessions and then opening it again. Upon re-opening your browser, please delete your temporary internet files and cookies. How to Clear Your Browser's Cookies lists differetn browsers and how to clear your browser. After you have completed these tasks, you should be able to access the application. If you still cannot access the application, please contact Employee Services at email@example.com or (707) 664-2166.
The document must have an extension of "doc", "docx", "pdf", "rtf", or "txt". If you upload or attach any other type of document, we may not be able to open your document.
As a general rule, the system is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
If you have problems logging in to Sonoma State University's job opportunities web site, please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call (707) 664-2166.
The system will automatically time you out after 45 minutes if there is no activity.
All data submitted via this site is secure and encrypted using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology. SSL protects all information as it crosses the internet.
We recommend that you limit your web browser session to one.
If you are interested in a faculty position, you can view current postings by visiting the Faculty Affairs web site.
If your application is not listed in "My Career Tools," please clear your cache and reapply. Instructions on how to clear your cache.


text:
A pint-sized version of Apple'siPad, dubbed the iPad mini, is currently in production, according to a report.
The Wall Street Journal is reporting Asian suppliers have begun mass production of the tech giant's smaller tablet, citing executives at companies that make components for the devices.
During the summer, rumors were rampant that the tech giant was planning an imminent release of a smaller version of its wildly popular and market-beating iPad. Apple neither confirmed nor denied the speculation, and pointedly omitted any mention of an iPad mini when it unveiled the iPhone 5 late last month.
According to the Journal's sources, the smaller tablet will feature a 7.85 inch screen, a little bit smaller than Apple's 9.7 inch screen on the current iPad model.
Apple's competition in the tablet market has intensified over the last few years, with more companies launching their own smaller computing devices.
Google launched its Nexus 7, which features a 7-inch screen in July, while Amazon introduced its latest version of the Kindle Fire HD in Septemer. Amazon's new tablet is offered in 8.9-inch and 7-inch models.
Microsoft also got in the tablet game this year, unveiling its larger Surface tablet, which will operate on Windows 8 operating system and has a 10.6-inch display screen.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The rumors of print's death have been widely exaggerated. The Association of American Publishers crowed about the BookStats survey after it was published Tuesday. The survey was called the "deepest, most comprehensive statistical survey ever conducted of the modern U.S. publishing industry," covering every sector of the book business from 2008 through 2010.
Given the press discussions surrounding publishing during the past three years — the rise of e-readers like Amazon's (NASDAQ:AMZN) Kindle, the closure of chains like Borders (PINK:BGPIQ), not to mention the quagmire of contract disputes and digital store openings that make up the fledgling e-book industry — it's shocking just how well publishers are doing. CBS's (NYSE:CBS) Simon & Schuster, News Corp.'s (NASDAQ:NWS) Harper Collins, the Bertelsmann and Houghton Mifflin empires, and the many privately owned publishing houses operating in the U.S. have much to celebrate.
How much? Net sales revenue has grown almost 6% since 2008, totaling just under $28 billion by the end of 2010. That revenue isn't a result of higher prices, either. More books are selling, with individual sales growing more than 4% over the same period. This growth also comes from almost every different market segment. Trade market — from old-fashioned consumer-targeted books like The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo to fad diet books like The Atkins Diet — sales revenue is up around 6% on its own. Professional and scholarly publishing grew by more than 6% and almost 5%, respectively. Most impressive, though, is higher education publishing. Even across the worst of the recession and the lumbering recovery, college textbooks are booming, with revenue coming to $4.5 billion, more than 23% growth since 2008.
It's good news all around. For shareholders in publicly traded companies with sizable publishing subsidiaries like the aforementioned News Corp. and CBS, as well as others like Time Warner (NYSE:TWX), this means print isn't dragging business down. For investors still affixed to book retailers like Amazon, this also is great news. It's also promising even for Barnes & Noble (NYSE:BKS). Even if strong book sales won't completely rehabilitate the company's bleeding retail business, they should at least make the company more attractive as an acquisition (to Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), perhaps?), especially given its reach as a chain of university bookstores.
What of the publishing industry's digital future, though? Have e-books begun their reign on American readers? Not just yet. E-book revenue totaled just $878 million in 2010, a mere fraction of other publishing segments. It's the rate at which e-book sales are growing that is most promising. That revenue figure represents nearly 1,300% growth since 2008. Individual e-book sales totaled 114 million last year, growth of more than 1,000% since 2008. E-books now represent about 6% of the overall trade market.
Should investors be pouring money into Amazon because the Kindle store is going to be raking in billions soon? No, since it's going to take years for e-books to equal print in revenue, and that's if the current rate of market growth stays steady. They should, however, take comfort in the fact that people are still reading. The sky is not falling — at least not in publishing.
As of this writing, Anthony John Agnello did not own a position in any of the stocks named here. Follow him on Twitter at @ajohnagnello and become a fan of InvestorPlace on Facebook.


text:
If you are looking 'how to put a any form in a blogger' then this post is going to help you. Putting a form in blogger is very easy. All you need to do just create a new post and put a form code (Provided by following sites below) in body section of your post and publish it. That's it.
There are various sites across the web which offers free forms to use for Blogger & Websites. Here I am going to share top 10 sites which offers free forms for Blogger & Websites with embedded code.
1. Google Docs
Google Docs provide embedded code forms for your blog or website. Just login to docs.google.com and click on the New > From Template > Forms. Choose form of your choice and copy embedded code. Follow steps mentioned below:
2. FormSmarts
FormSmarts is an integrated web form service that lets you create forms, publish them online, and get form results. Add a web form to your site or blog, or let visitors access your form from MySpace®, Facebook®, and anywhere you can post a link.
3. Kontactr
Kontactr is a one-click free contact form service. With Kontactr, you can fight against the amount of spam that you receive daily. Protect your email address by using our highly secure contact form. You can also use our simple tools to embed the form right into your own website.
4. Wufoo
Wufoo offers easy, copy/paste solutions for integrating a Wufoo form into a web page. For advanced users, full CSS and XHTML markup is also included. To simplify the process even further, the intuitive Wufoo theme manager allows you to customize the look of your form with a few clicks of the mouse so that your form seamlessly matches the look of your site.
Zoho Creator provides you with an easy drag-and-drop html form builder to build html forms online. Zoho Creator also makes it easy to embed HTML Forms in your website through simple copy/paste. Once you have collected data through HTML Forms, you can manage and edit the collected data online and share the data with others
6. My Contact Form
It is now easier than ever to keep in touch with your site's visitors. The arduous task of creating contact forms, email forms, feedback forms, questionnaires, surveys, order forms, polls, or any other type of web form is a thing of the past!
7. Free Contact Form
Script provided by this site works for a wide variety of website forms, not just contact us forms. These scripts are sometimes refered to as the following: contact form, website contact form, email form, PHP contact form, Javascript contact form, form to email, form 2 email, form2email, form generator, form builder, form maker, automatic contact form or contact form script.
8. FormSpring
FormSpring gives businesses and organizations an easy way to build any type of online form, integrate it with their website and begin collecting data. Once you have started collecting that data you can use the information you gathered in our online database or export it. With FormSpring anyone can build all types of web forms, collect data online and do it simply and efficiently.
9. Web Form Designer
WebFormDesigner can automatically validate your user's input - ensure the required fields are properly complete, and check that a valid email is input. Restrict input to alphanumeric, numerals only or just letters.
10. Kampyle
Customize the look and feel of your feedback forms to fit your website's, as well as your business needs. Create multiple feedback forms for different locations of your website with the relevant questions for each page.
Do you have any suggestions? Leave your comment.
10 Free Forms for Blogger & Websites
If you are looking 'how to put a any form in a blogger' then this post is going to help you. Putting a form in blogger is very easy. All you need to do just create a new post and put a form code (Provided by following sites below) in body section of your post and publish it. That's it.
90 comments :
- web tasarim said...
thanks for share.
- May 17, 2009 at 12:40 PM
- Nick Ladd said...
Thank you for the mention of myContactForm.com in your blog. I am the owner of the service, and wanted to point out that we have a step-by-step tutorial for adding myContactForm.com to Blogger available at the following URL:
- May 20, 2009 at 12:55 PM
- togar said...
Nice info..
I'll try immediately
- June 9, 2009 at 9:52 AM
- Cheri Amour said...
This is pretty cool! I may have to use one of these on one of my sites:) Thanks for sharing!
-Cheri Amour
- June 11, 2009 at 8:55 PM
Nice blog and thanks for the info. I'll try it too.
- June 25, 2009 at 10:29 PM
- smsfomobile said...
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- July 7, 2009 at 6:26 AM
- Tangi Adopt A Rescue said...
I found another one: allforms
free form to email: unlimited by mailjol
We provide free form to email with auto-responders and other form handling services which are feature rich and yet easy to use for both novice web users and experienced web designers. Feedback forms, Contact forms, Order forms, Signup forms, Survey forms, Questionnaires, Project forms, Application forms, File upload forms etc, all are supported here. Even if you don't have a form, you can create online using our Easy Form Creator. No programming knowledge required.
Free Form to E-Mail. No PHP or CGI required. Feedback Forms..Contact Forms..Autoresponders..Easy to use remotely hosted script..Create or build Forms Online
They have a free and a paid service; the pay service is only about $11 per year.
- October 25, 2009 at 6:00 AM
- shivan said...
thanks, very useful. All these are paid. I want free.
- November 20, 2009 at 10:29 AM
- bathmate said...
Thank you for posting.
it is really helpful to all.
- December 17, 2009 at 3:48 PM
- WebsiteHostingPro.com said...
Thanks for the info!
I'm using Google Docs as Contact Form in my blogger blog at http://jutawanblogger.blogspot.com
- December 25, 2009 at 6:00 AM
- 123 Contact Form said...
Too bad you decided to review only 10 free form services. Please consider http://www.123contactform.com to your list.
- January 7, 2010 at 12:55 AM
- PHP Programming said...
Nice Post
- January 13, 2010 at 2:33 AM
- Fabio Santos said...
Thaks for intuitive post. Very interesting.
- January 23, 2010 at 10:42 PM
- Divine Friend said...
I found a very simple and quick contact form here
Please mention about it also if you like it
- February 19, 2010 at 6:12 AM
- Mom with a Mission said...
So glad I came across your post. Found a great template on Google Docs. Modified it for my purposes and now have a new entry form for my blog give-away. I'm thrilled! Thanks.
- March 11, 2010 at 4:32 PM
- Alex said...
yes, very good tips
formchamp.com has even an wizard to create forms, then one can either copy paste the code or the link to blogger, myspace, facebook or most sites
- March 16, 2010 at 11:18 AM
- Noor Haziah Bt Adam (Azie) said...
I try this one from this website http://www.mycontactform.com/index.php and its all perfect...!!!
Try it guys... =)
- April 2, 2010 at 9:44 PM
- Mohamad Marstias Billy said...
i think your utorial so usefull, but i want to ask how about make form that can be make me get the list for their e-mail for free without using andsubscribe from "getresponses" like "autoresponder services"
thnks for your answer
- April 22, 2010 at 12:45 AM
- sandeep said...
I read this nice and very informative post also try it in my blog site http://www.orissaseo.blogspot.com
really it works perfectly.
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- May 4, 2010 at 2:01 AM
- downmedia said...
thanks my friend
- May 25, 2010 at 4:32 AM
- Ari said...
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- June 15, 2010 at 5:05 AM
Thanks a lot for this
- June 17, 2010 at 11:04 AM
- Syu - Sarawak Cake House said...
Thank for for helping me to improve my blog:
- June 20, 2010 at 7:54 AM
- Disability Forms said...
Really these are very helpful to improve my blog, Thanks for sharing!
- January 4, 2011 at 12:45 AM
- Rakesh Sharma said...
Thanks @Disability Forms.
- January 9, 2011 at 12:28 AM
- Ecommerce developer said...
But i want to ask how about make form that can make me get the list for their e-mail for free without using andsubscribe from "getresponses" like "autoresponder services"
- January 19, 2011 at 4:26 AM
- Anoop said...
Thanks for sharing greate stuff. Actually i want to add contact form in my blog(http://seo-webdesignindia.blogspot.com/) so i search in google and finf you great stuff.
- February 12, 2011 at 9:24 AM
- syamtech said...
thanks you so much....wow!!!
- March 2, 2011 at 7:00 PM
- oscommerce development said...
Hey people thanks for the great information sharing with us. Its truly very nice.
- March 8, 2011 at 9:21 PM
- Ade Supriyatna said...
Thanks for your great information. I will try one by one to know about the features all of them. How about 123contctform.com that i've found ones?
- March 17, 2011 at 6:56 AM
- jimmy said...
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- March 25, 2011 at 7:29 AM
- PHP Web Development said...
This is pretty cool indeed! I may have to use one of these on one of my sites..Thanks!
- April 11, 2011 at 1:23 AM
- dhruv said...
good and straight tip.......bro
- April 15, 2011 at 6:44 AM
- eky said...
Having a contact form on a blog is a must for bloggers. It's the best way to hide email address from spammer.
- May 2, 2011 at 1:07 AM
- web forms said...
Zoho and wufoo are great builders
- June 7, 2011 at 12:51 AM
- nomura said...
So good, It was options for me.
Thank you very much.
- June 9, 2011 at 12:00 AM
- best web hosting said...
I love your blog. This is very much useful for me. How you got this informations? Thanks for sharing.
- June 14, 2011 at 2:13 AM
- Web Application said...
I liked it ... such an informative and helpful post for new bloggers.
- June 22, 2011 at 3:44 AM
- Web Application said...
Loved it .... beautifully explained information.
- June 23, 2011 at 3:41 AM
- san francisco shuttles said...
Great share...Actually i was looking for free forms for my websites.
- June 27, 2011 at 3:24 PM
Excellent choice but you forgot one of best free contact forms solutions: Contact Forms in Clouds.
- July 8, 2011 at 1:23 AM
- JelBee said...
Can i used this in any blogger template?
- July 19, 2011 at 5:33 PM
- Rakesh Sharma said...
@JelBee Yes you can use in any blogger template.
- July 20, 2011 at 4:55 AM
- business logo said...
I have seen something revealing after a very long time.
- July 26, 2011 at 12:17 PM
- Feedback Form said...
There are some great feedback form options out there. Thanks for sharing.
- August 4, 2011 at 6:49 PM
Forgot JotForm one of the best form builders. http://bit.ly/lJrEzs
- August 11, 2011 at 1:06 AM
- Business logo design said...
Thaks for intuitive post. Very interesting.
- November 24, 2011 at 10:39 PM
- e-junior said...
myContactForm.com really free.. but they give only 20 message per monnth.. =(
- December 7, 2011 at 5:35 PM
- Ruby Claire said...
Gr8 tips for new bloggers. Wufoo is new for me.
Office forms
- December 15, 2011 at 10:48 PM
- Missouri web design said...
Wow, this is really great. thank you for sharing.
- December 20, 2011 at 8:53 AM
- purchase domain name said...
I just found this blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites.
- January 12, 2012 at 4:21 AM
- Cameron Reid said...
Nice post. Here's a tool that lets you build your custom web form in minutes – without coding. Just point-and-click
- February 1, 2012 at 1:25 AM
- Contactformulier maken said...
You should check www.cloudformz.com too.
- February 3, 2012 at 2:37 AM
- Business Logo Designers said...
I just bookmarked it, thanks for sharing with us.
- February 26, 2012 at 10:26 PM
- Francesca said...
THANK YOU!!! You solved a problem for me :-)
- March 7, 2012 at 11:25 AM
I have been searching all over the internet for a good copy/paste html "contact us" form and had no idea that Google Docs had their own! Thanks a bunch!
- March 25, 2012 at 10:59 PM
- Ghostwriter said...
I read your above article you have done great job.
- April 18, 2012 at 11:02 PM
- Adrian said...
Good templates! Thank you so much for sharing this templates.Your views truly open my mind.logo design
- June 19, 2012 at 11:50 PM
I'm looking for an easy html code to insert into my Dreamweaver coded template for "comments" on the articles I publish.
Can you steer me in the right direction?
- July 10, 2012 at 2:10 PM
- Faisal imran said...
free contact form is best in my opinion ....
- August 26, 2012 at 5:23 AM
- Nicole, Nikki, Nicoli, [ur variation of my name here] said...
I highly suggest Wufoo. Keep in mind that for their free option you can only make up to 3 forms and only 100 entries per month are allowed. These limitations don't affect me, so I chose Wufoo over Google Docs.
You can see my form here: http://inspiredbynikki.blogspot.com/p/contact-nikki.html
The form is within an iframe, however Wufoo offers MANY options for customization (far more than Google Docs).
- September 15, 2012 at 9:58 AM
Please tell any service whose free form submission quota is maximum.I want to embed to my blogspot to fetch inquiry.
- September 16, 2012 at 7:12 AM
- Jayr said...
thanks! this one is helpful!
- September 29, 2012 at 3:57 AM
This article is very nice, I have found several things in this site. This is quite different and interesting. It becomes popular to the young generation day by day.
- February 7, 2013 at 12:23 AM
- Taimoor said...
Thank you dude. It was much useful to get all beautiful forms in one place.
- March 29, 2013 at 1:17 PM
- Lars Steves said...
Really nice article your collections made it perfect.
Thank you for sharing the nice article.
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- June 3, 2013 at 3:29 AM
- Nick Adams said...
Thank you give me a nice and good information related to website and blogger. I agree with your views. So keep it up..
- June 4, 2013 at 7:31 PM
- Bret Rick said...
Nice info Rakesh, thanks for sharing!
Website Design
- July 8, 2013 at 11:30 PM
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- November 15, 2013 at 11:01 PM
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- November 15, 2013 at 11:03 PM
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Angefangen besitzt für Costers del Sió alles im Jahre 1992, als Hugo Cocktail jener umtriebige Juan de Porcioles stellen seine Frau María
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- November 25, 2013 at 12:29 PM
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auch in Italien jetzt wieder. Angefangen hat für Costers del Sió alles im
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- November 28, 2013 at 5:44 AM
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Template to compile all of the panel by panel information from its sub-pages.
WARNING: this is still a work in progress.
This template is for automatically generating a "next page"/"previous page" breadcrumb. It also automatically includes an image with the panel name, if one exists according to the standardised imagename format, (canon name)_(page)-(panel).jpg. Nonstandard imagenames can be included manually of course.
- {{{1}}} is the page number. It is mandatory.
- {{{2}}} is the panel number, also mandatory.
- (optional) {{{3}}} is the article name that goes before the page number. For example, for the Battle for Gobwin Knob pages, this is "TBFGK" as in TBFGK 1:1 or TBFGK 10:4.
- If left blank, this option defaults to TBFGK.
- Automatic crop function (optional)
- {{{4}}} , {{{5}}} is the top left corner
- {{{6}}} , {{{7}}} is the bottom right corner
- {{{img_ext}}} is the optional image extention (default is .jpg)
Panel specific files should use the filenames of the form File:TBFGK_3-2.jpg (for page 3, panel 2). If the auto-cropping function is used the filename should be of the form File:TBFGK_37.jpg and the entire page is uploaded as a single file. The easiest way to get the file right is to just create a page that will include the paneler template first, and then use the link.
{{paneler |page number |panel on page |article name that goes before the page number (TBFGK, Klog, etc) |Auto crop left X coordinate |Auto crop upper Y coordinate |Auto crop right X coordinate |Auto crop lower Y coordinate }}
Using the code
would display all of the following:
Book (TBFGK)
Page by page (2)
Panel by panel (2:5)
Page Info [edit]
|Turn Number:
|Side's Turn:
|Gobwin Knob
Manpower the Temporary continues to stare forward, unmoving.
Gobwin: My lord...?
Manpower the Temporary: I can taste key lime pie.[1]


text:
Phil Mickelson and Tiger Woods are skipping the Northern Trust Open, but officials believe big hitters like Bubba Watson and popular personalities like Fred Couples and Rickie Fowler will provide a good show at Riviera Country Club.
The NTO field includes 16 of the top 30 players in the Official World Golf Rankings and 26 of the top 50.
Fowler and Watson are the featured players in promotions for the event. Mickelson had to be removed from advertisements when officials learned he wouldn't play about 10 days ago.
Golfers had until Friday afternoon to commit to play in the tournament that begins Thursday at Riviera Country Club.
It's no surprise Woods isn't in the field. He won't play at Riviera for the eighth consecutive year. Woods has played the event 11 times — twice as an amateur — and never won here. He received his first professional exemption at the Northern Trust Open as a 16-year-old.
"That's one of the great mysteries of this game, why Tiger won't play Riviera," said Mike Bone, general manager of the Northern Trust Open. "We just never heard anything definitively. When Jerry (West) was here, sometimes he'd get a sense one way or another."
West resigned as executive director of the tournament in November to focus on his gig with the Golden State Warriors. He made getting Woods to play here one of his top priorities, and he has known Woods since Woods was a teenager. West was unsuccessful in that endeavor, but many other players were happy to oblige with their presence.
This is the first year time since 2003 that neither Woods nor Mickelson will play in the Northern Trust Open. Mickelson has played the previous seven years — winning twice and finishing second twice — but this year's tournament fell on the same week as his daughter Amanda's spring break, and he's scheduled to be on vacation.
"We have Webb Simpson, Kevin Stadler, Keegan Bradley, Ernie Els, Davis Love III, Lee Westwood, Matt Kuchar, Fred Couples, Padraig Harrington, Jordan Spieth, Charl Schwartzel, John Merrick, Dustin Johnson and others," Bone said. "That's nothing to sneeze at."
The 54-year-old Couples will make his 32nd start at Riviera, extending his record starts here. Rory McIlroy has never played the event, but in December he admitted to being intrigued by the tournament and said he would probably play Riviera at some point.
"There's the three big names (Woods, Mickelson and McIlroy) that everybody wants that aren't here, but I'll tell you what, if we talk again in September after the Tour Championship, there's not a doubt in my mind that we'll have one of the strongest fields of the year," Bone said.
Riviera usually has strong fields and exciting finishes. Last year, Merrick won in a playoff at the 10th hole and the year before, Mickelson and Keegan Bradley both made difficult putts on the 18th hole to get into a playoff with Bill Hass, who eventually won.
Merrick — a UCLA alum — is the defending champion of the event. Stadler — who went to USC — just won the Waste Management Phoenix Open. And Max Homa (Valencia High) turned professional recently and will make his fifth professional career start.
There are three former FedEx Cup champion winners in the field as well — Haas, Vijay Singh and Jim Furyk.
Bone is confident Mickelson will return. Mickelson and Couples have been the most popular players at Riviera, drawing large galleries and seemingly always in contention. Bone is confident Mickelson will play here again, too.
"I don't have much doubt Phil will be back in the near future," Bone said. "I know he loves the course and he plays it well. I'm not sure if Tiger will ever play here again. If Jerry (West) couldn't get him here, I'm not sure who could. There's so many strong names in golf, especially the young guys. We're fortunate. It's a great balance with some of the legends. It's a fun mix."


text:
Panama, country of Central America located on the Isthmus of Panama, the narrow bridge of land that connects North and South America. Embracing the isthmus and more than 1,600 islands off its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, the tropical nation is renowned as the site of the Panama Canal, which cuts through its midsection. It is equally well known for its natural beauty, for its diverse plant and animal life, including hundreds of bird and tree species, and for its vibrant music and culture.
The home of several Native American peoples, such as the Guaymí, Kuna, and Chocó, Panama became the first Spanish colony on the Pacific. Celebrated as "the door to the seas and key to the universe," it served in the 1530s as the staging point for the Spanish conquest of the Inca empire, and until the 19th century it was a transshipment point for gold and silver destined for Spain. With the independence of Colombia, which once controlled Panama, from Spain, Panama came to serve as another staging point, this time for oceangoing migrants to the gold fields of California.
Since 1914 the 51-mile- (82-km-) long Panama Canal, which connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, has afforded a long-sought shortcut for shipping and assures the country's standing as one of the most strategic transportation hubs of the world. The canal also secures Panama's ongoing role in international affairs and world commerce. The United States relinquished jurisdiction of the Panama Canal on December 31, 1999, marking an unprecedented shift in Panamanian society. For the first time in nearly a century as an independent nation, Panama controlled the entirety of its national territory.
Panama enjoys a lively mix of cultural influences, expressed in the country's cuisine, artwork, music, and literature. Its capital, Panama City, is located on the Pacific coast just east of the canal. A cosmopolitan city where skyscrapers tower above whitewashed bungalows, it enjoys a handsome setting and a growing importance as a commercial and financial services centre for the region. However, its economic progress has been hampered periodically by environmental problems and political turmoil.
Panama is bounded to the north by the Caribbean Sea (an extension of the Atlantic Ocean) and to the south by the Pacific Ocean. It has an elongated S shape, with its Caribbean coastline stretching some 800 miles (1,290 km) and the Pacific coast some 1,060 miles (1,700 km); however, a line drawn from the Costa Rican frontier in the west to the Colombian border in the east would extend only 480 miles (770 km). The shortest distance across the isthmus is about 30 miles (50 km), from the mouth of the Nergalá (Necategua) River, which flows into the Gulf of San Blas on the Caribbean shore, to the mouth of the Chepo River on the Pacific coast. Nearly as narrow is the portion of the isthmus traversed by the Panama Canal.
A central spine of mountain ranges extends almost the entire length of Panama, dividing the country into Atlantic- and Pacific-facing slopes. The two principal ranges, the Tabasará Mountains (Cordillera Central) in the west and the Cordillera de San Blas in the east, are separated near the centre of the country by a saddle of lower land. This depression (the Panama Canal site) divides the country again—roughly into western and eastern halves. Of the four quadrants thus formed, the southwestern has the largest number of settlements; however, the environs of the canal account for most of Panama's population and commerce. The country's highest peak is an inactive volcano, Barú (Chiriquí), which reaches an elevation of 11,401 feet (3,475 metres).
Paralleling the principal mountain chains, a lower mountain arc extends along Panama's southern coast. It appears only in well-separated segments—for example, on Azuero Peninsula as the Canajagua Massif and in eastern Panama as the Sierra de Jungurudó, Sapo Mountains, and the Majé Mountains. The highlands and mountains are made up primarily of igneous (volcanic) rocks.
The lowlands include the plains of Panamá and Chiriquí provinces, the plains and hills of Colón province, the Chepo and Chucunaque river basins in the east, and the narrow northeastern plains of the Caribbean region. Sedimentary rocks such as slates and shales underlie most of the lowland zones.
The Pacific coastline is extended by the Azuero Peninsula and the Gulf of Panama and by numerous headlands and bays, whereas the largest embayment on the Caribbean side is Chiriquí Lagoon. The Pacific coastline is more indented and irregular, and its continental shelf is much wider than that on the Atlantic side. In addition, most of the republic's more than 1,600 islands lie off its Pacific coast; they include the Perlas Archipelago (Pearl Islands) and the islands of Taboga, Cébaco, Parida, Jicarón, and Coiba, the largest. The principal archipelagoes off the Caribbean coast are those of Bocas del Toro and San Blas.
Drainage and soils
Of Panama's many short rivers, those that flow to the Caribbean include the Sixaola, Changuinola, Indio, Cricamola, La Miel, and Chagres. Rivers flowing to the Pacific include the Chiriquí Viejo, Santa María, Chepo, Chucunaque, and Tuira. During the rainy season the Tuira is navigable for some 40 miles (60 km) and the Chepo for 20 miles (30 km). Water in the Panama Canal does not flow from coast to coast; rather, it is released from the rain-fed Gatún and Alajuela (Madden) lakes in the central highlands. In effect, the water flows to both coasts simultaneously via the canal's system of locks and dams. For details on the engineering and operation of the waterway, see Panama Canal.
Soils are commonly reddish to brown and rich in clay. They vary in fertility, and in many areas crops can be grown continuously only if fertilizers are applied. On poorer soils, a shifting subsistence agriculture is practiced. Under this system small plots are cleared, cropped for a few years, then abandoned until their natural fertility is restored—a practice called roza in Panama.
Areas of alluvial soils (which develop from clay, silt, sand, and gravel deposited by streams) are especially fertile but are limited to the lower parts of river valleys. The commercial banana plantations around Puerto Armuelles and in western Bocas del Toro province are mainly on alluvial soils. Some of the soils along the inland edges of coastal mangrove swamps have also proved productive. In some areas, exceptionally fertile soils have developed from volcanic ash.
Climatic conditions are markedly different on the Atlantic and Pacific sides of western Panama, especially in the amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall. On the Caribbean slopes of the Tabasará Mountains, which face the rain-bearing trade winds, average rainfall is approximately twice as heavy as on the leeward Pacific slopes. The Caribbean coast receives 60–140 inches (1,500–3,550 mm) per year, while the more populated Pacific region receives 45–90 inches (1,140–2,290 mm). Furthermore, on the Caribbean side rain falls almost throughout the year, while on the Pacific side there is more seasonal variation—in Chiriquí province, for example, there is a pronounced dry season lasting from January to April, and March is usually the driest month. In accordance with this rainfall pattern, tropical rainforests are typical on Caribbean slopes, whereas savannas (tropical grasslands) are more common southward in the seasonally dry areas between the Tabasará Mountains and the Pacific shoreline. Toward the Colombian border both sides of the isthmus have year-round rainfall.
Because of Panama's tropical location, the mean temperature of the coldest month seldom drops below 78 °F (26 °C) on either coast. The Panamanian mountain slopes create three climatic zones: a low, hot zone, lying at elevations below 2,300 feet (700 metres), which makes up nearly nine-tenths of the country's territory; a temperate zone, at elevations ranging from 2,300 to 4,900 feet (700 to 1,500 metres), which accounts for most of the rest of the land; and a tiny cold zone, lying above 4,900 feet. Each zone has its characteristic plant growth and crops; cacao and bananas are produced mainly in the hot lowlands, whereas coffee is grown in the temperate zone.
Plant and animal life
In spite of its relatively small area, Panama has a great variety of landscapes and habitats: tropical rainforests, savannas, cool montane forests, tidal lands covered by stilted mangrove trees, coral reefs, and beaches. Because of its ancient role as a land bridge over which species have migrated between the continents, the isthmus is home to a rich intermixture of plant and animal life. As a result of this interchange, Panama's wildlife includes such mammals as sloths, anteaters, and armadillos—which derive from South America—as well as jaguars, tapirs, and deer—which came originally from North America. Also among Panama's rich fauna are several species of giant sea turtle, which lay their eggs on the beaches. Few comparable areas have a larger number of bird species, both resident and migratory.
National parks and reserves occupy about one-sixth of the nation's land area. Panama's parks are known for their lush tropical rainforests and abundance of wildlife. The Darién region of eastern Panama is the site of a national park created in 1980 and added to UNESCO's World Heritage List the following year. La Amistad National Park was established in 1988 alongside Costa Rica's protected Talamanca Range–La Amistad region; the two zones were designated a transboundary World Heritage site in 1990. Among other national parks are Chagres (1984), Portobelo (1976), and Coiba (1991).
Ethnic groups
In the 16th century, when the Spaniards came to the isthmus, it was occupied by Kuna (Cuna), Guaymí, Chocó, and other American Indian groups. The population soon included persons of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry, termed mestizos. During colonial times people from Africa were brought to the isthmus as slaves, and still other mixed ethnic types developed as the Africans were incorporated into the society. During the 19th century, with the construction of the Panama City–Colón railroad, new groups arrived—North Americans (primarily from the United States), French, and Chinese. Large numbers of West Indians (mainly from British Barbados and Jamaica, as well as Martinique) came to Panama as labourers during the construction of the canal, and additional U.S. nationals, Spaniards, Italians, and Greeks also arrived.
Although they are but a small fraction of the total population, Indians are found scattered over a considerable area, often in rainforests on rough terrain. The most numerous of the Indian groups are the Guaymí, who live in the western provinces of Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro, and Veraguas. Next in numbers are the Kuna, who are found primarily in the San Blas Archipelago and on the coast nearby. The Chocó live mainly in the province of Darién. Although most are engaged largely in subsistence agriculture, fishing, and hunting, some Kuna are traders, sailors, or mechanics or work in other occupations. Many Guaymí work on the banana plantations of western Panama.
Mestizos are the largest population group in Panama. They predominate in the savannas to the west of the canal and in the central provinces of Panamá and Colón, where they have intermarried with people of West Indian and African ancestry.
People of African descent are settled throughout much of Panama—for example, in the hot lowlands of the Chagres River basin, in the eastern province of Darién, and in the Caribbean lowlands. Peoples from the British West Indies are more recent arrivals and make up only a small minority. They live primarily in Panama City and in Bocas del Toro province.
The United States has influenced both the economy and the culture of Panama. U.S. citizens live primarily in the canal area and in Panama City. Other significant minorities in Panama are Chinese, East Indians, and Middle Easterners, all of whom play an important role in commerce and industry and who participate in the country's political and professional life. There is a sizable Jewish community, founded when Spanish and Portuguese Jews fleeing the Inquisition began to settle in Panama. They initially were forced to practice their religion in secret. The population was increased by Jewish immigrants from the West Indies (notably from Curaçao) in the mid-19th century. Panama had the Western Hemisphere's first Jewish president, Eric Arturo Delvalle (del Valle), who served in the 1980s.
Spanish is the official language of Panama and is spoken by the vast majority of the people. Although fewer than one-tenth of the people speak American Indian languages, all of Panama's Indian groups preserve their native tongues, and many Indians also speak Spanish. Most Panamanians from West Indian backgrounds speak English, which is also commonly taught in schools.
Roman Catholicism is the religion of about three-fourths of Panamanians. The number of Protestants grew rapidly in the late 20th century, especially among Pentecostal churches. There is also a long-standing Protestant tradition within the African population of Bocas del Toro province and among Indian groups and West Indian immigrants. Three synagogues serve the Jewish population. Some Panamanians practice the syncretic religion Santería, a combination of Roman Catholic and traditional West African beliefs and customs. Panama's constitution guarantees freedom of worship.
Settlement patterns
The most densely settled part of Panama is in the vicinity of the canal, on a broad coast-to-coast strip of land that crosses the country where it is at its lowest and narrowest. This area, partly drained by the Chagres River, is known as the Chagres, or Route, region. It includes the cities of Panama City and Colón, the urban district of San Miguelito, and the towns of Balboa, La Chorrera, Gamboa, and Cristóbal. Panama City, situated on the Pacific coast overlooking the Bay of Panama, is the dominant population centre and the focus of Panama's industrial, commercial, political, and cultural activities. San Miguelito is the second largest urban centre, and Colón the third largest.
The densest rural population is found in the broad area of plains and low hills lying between the Azuero Peninsula and the Tabasará Mountains. The least densely settled areas are in the eastern third of the country, especially in the large province of Darién, and on the Atlantic slopes of the Tabasará Mountains.
Demographic trends
The 1911 census enumerated 336,000 persons in Panama. By the late 1990s the population had increased more than eightfold. Panama's rate of natural increase was about average among Latin American countries. During World War II many immigrant labourers arrived, but they were later repatriated.
The proportion of the population living in cities grew rapidly in the late 20th century; Panamanians are now predominantly urban, although the nation remains less urban than most Latin American countries. About one-third of its people live in hamlets or isolated dwellings, and many engage in subsistence agriculture. There was much internal migration from the mid-20th century, when increasing numbers of people began moving to urban areas—especially to Panama City and Colón—in search of better living and economic conditions. In addition, because many rural inhabitants practice shifting agriculture, they have tended to move to new zones in order to obtain land for farming and herding.
Nearly three-fourths of Panama's gross domestic product (GDP) is generated by the service sector—a greater proportion than in any other Latin American country—and services employ the majority of the workforce. Services have grown mainly because of offshore banking and canal traffic; public administration and other services are also important. Agriculture and fishing account for less than one-tenth of the GDP but nearly one-fifth of the workforce.
Prior to the 1990s U.S. forces stationed in Panama supported approximately 5 percent of the GDP. The Panamanian government, recognizing that the U.S. troop withdrawal would remove hundreds of millions of dollars from the national economy, has attempted to compensate by redeveloping formerly U.S.-controlled properties, including prime real estate in Panama City. The government has also promoted ecotourism and the repair of rail and road systems. In recent years large investments from China, Latin America, and the Middle East, as well as from the United States, have helped boost economic growth.
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
Seminomadic and subsistence agriculture exists alongside large, modern commercial enterprises. Since the enactment of a land tenure system in 1962, some small farmers have acquired land, but by late in the 20th century fewer than one-third of all farms were owned by the people working them.
The most common agricultural products are sugarcane, bananas, rice, plantains, corn (maize), and oranges, and the commercial cultivation of these and other crops increased considerably during the 20th century. Livestock raising (cattle, pigs, and poultry) is an important and long-established economic activity, and beef and hides are exported. The country's largest cattle-raising farms are in the southwestern savannas—in Chiriquí, Los Santos, and Veraguas provinces. The provinces of Panamá, Los Santos, Chiriquí, and Veraguas raise the most pigs, whereas Panamá, Coclé, and Colón are the largest centres for poultry and egg production.
Considering Panama's abundant and valuable forest resources, there has been little use of the country's native trees for industrial purposes. Mahogany, tropical cedar, cativo (a large tree belonging to the legume family), and other woods supply domestic sawmills, and some logs are exported. Large tracts of Panama's rainforests have been felled, burned, and replaced by pastures for the cattle industry.
Fishing has developed rapidly as a commercial venture. Shrimp and lobsters are among Panama's most important exports, with several thousand tons of shrimp caught yearly. The shrimp and fish (mainly anchovy and herring) catch is taken mostly from the shallow waters of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Panama. Lobsters are caught mainly off Bocas del Toro and San Blas on the Atlantic side. Aquaculture has also been successfully developed.
Resources and power
Clay, limestone, and salt are the leading mineral products, and gold, ferrous sand, and manganese have been mined on a small scale. There are commercially significant but largely unexploited deposits of copper, including the Cerro Colorado find in Chiriquí province. Deposits of bauxite, phosphates, and coal have been minimally exploited, as have various construction materials such as stone and gravel. Petroleum reserves have been found off the Pacific and Caribbean shores.
Electricity was long distributed by the state-run Institute of Hydraulic Resources and Electrification before it was privatized in 1998. Much of Panama's electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams. The first plants were opened in 1975 at La Yeguada in Veraguas province and in 1976 on the Chepo River; the largest, at La Fortuna, opened in 1984.
Although there has long been a considerable international trade based on the country's key location as a crossroads, modern industrial development began mainly after World War II. The leading industries are food processing (notably fish, sugar, bananas, and cacao), oil refining (near Colón), and the production of natural gas and electricity. Other major products include clothing, shoes and leather goods, alcoholic beverages, paper, chemicals, cement (in the limestone areas near the Trans-Isthmian Highway), and tobacco products. The main manufacturing centres are Panama City and the Colón Free Zone, and there is some industry at Colón and David.
Finance, trade, and services
Finance and trade are the cornerstones of the Panamanian service sector, which is, in turn, the basis of the national economy.
In 1970 the Panamanian government began to promote offshore banking by giving international transactions tax-exempt status; it also removed other forms of regulation. As a result, Panama attracted great amounts of foreign capital, and by the 1980s it had become Latin America's largest financial centre. Several major Latin American, North American, and European banks have branch offices in Panama City. Some of these also operate branches in the provinces and provide loans for industrial, agricultural, and cattle-raising ventures.
The National Bank of Panama (1970) oversees the banking system, which was partly reformed in 1998 to discourage money-laundering schemes connected to narcotics trafficking. The national currency, the balboa, is issued only in coins. The balboa is at par with the U.S. dollar, and U.S. paper currency is freely circulated. The Stock Exchange of Panama (1960) is the main stock exchange.
Panama's principal imports are machinery, fossil fuels, transportation equipment, and chemicals and chemical products. One-fourth of imports are from the United States. Smaller amounts come from China, Mexico, and Costa Rica, among other countries.
Exports include food products such as bananas, shrimp, and coffee as well as clothing. The United States takes the largest share of these exports. Other principal export destinations are Germany, Costa Rica, China, Taiwan, and the Netherlands.
The Colón Free Zone, established in the mid-20th century at the northern end of the canal, has become increasingly important as a manufacturing, warehousing, and reexport centre similar to the maquiladora districts of other Central American countries and Mexico. The Free Zone's several hundred factories produce chemical products, textiles and clothing, machinery, and transportation equipment. Raw materials or semifinished products come from Hong Kong, the United States, Japan, Italy, South Korea, and elsewhere. Finished products are sent largely to Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and other countries of Central and South America, but some are used domestically.
Since the colonial era, contraband trade has been significant in Panama among those wishing to avoid duties or other government controls. In the late 20th century Panama became a major transshipment centre for smuggling narcotics such as Colombian cocaine and heroin. Until 1999 the U.S. military directed a regional drug interdiction program from Panama, but narcotics traffic was only partly abated, and the rate of drug consumption among Panamanians soared in the 1990s. Cocaine and heroin continue to traverse Panama en route to destinations in North America, Europe, and elsewhere.
Restaurants and entertainment, real estate, government, tourism, insurance, and miscellaneous other services are also important to the Panamanian economy.
Tourism contributes nearly one-fourth as much to the Panamanian economy as the finance and real estate sector. In addition to the unique attraction of the Panama Canal, tourists are drawn to the thousand miles of beaches on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts as well as the myriad of offshore islands and the mix of colonial and contemporary life in Panama City, which also boasts a lively night life. The mild climate affords year-round opportunities for tennis, golf, fishing, boating, and diving and other water sports. The San Blas islands draw visitors to the traditional culture of the Kuna. Panama's abundant and varied flora and fauna on both land and sea draw ecotourists, who have their choice of habitats to explore, including richly diverse cloud forests and coral reefs. Much of the potential in this area, however, remains underdeveloped.
Labour and taxation
About two-thirds of Panama's labour force works in the broadly defined service sector. Workers in the private sector and most government workers have the right to form unions and to bargain collectively, but only about one-tenth of workers are union members. The Labour Code establishes guidelines for worker's rights and regulates the terms of employment. Women are guaranteed equal pay and maternity benefits, and more than one-third of women are employed outside the home. Underemployment and unemployment have been a problem since the recession of the 1970s, with the rate of job creation consistently lagging behind the rate of new entrants into the labour market. About one-seventh of Panamanian workers were unemployed in the late 1990s.
Panamanian workers and businesses pay a progressive income tax. Other levies include value-added tax, property tax, payroll tax, tax on the manufacture or importation of consumer goods, and various other fees. Taxes comprise seven-tenths of the national revenue.
Transportation and telecommunications
Since prehistoric and ancient times the Isthmus of Panama has been an intercontinental passageway for migration. Today, Panama links the oceans as well, via the Panama Canal, an interoceanic highway, a railroad, and an oil pipeline.
Panama Canal and coastal ports
The Panama Canal, built by the United States and operated continuously since its opening in 1914, has fortified Panama's role as an international shipping and trade centre. From 1903 until 1979 a strip of land 10 miles (16 km) wide lying on either side of the canal, the Canal Zone, was controlled by the United States. By treaties signed between the two countries in 1977, the Canal Zone was abolished in 1979, and Panama reasserted its sovereignty over the Canal Zone, with Panama and the United States sharing in the operation and defense of the canal itself until the end of 1999, when Panama assumed full control.
The Panamanian coastline has many natural harbours that are excellent for sheltering vessels, but the best ports are those at either end of the canal—Cristóbal, near Colón, and Balboa, near Panama City. Other important ports, primarily serving the banana trade, include Almirante and Puerto Armuelles. Coastal shipping is important for Panamanian agriculture.
Land and air transportation
The country has some 7,000 miles (11,000 km) of roads, one-third of which are paved. The main routes extend from the capital to the central provinces (Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos, and Veraguas) and to the western section of the country (Veraguas and Chiriquí provinces). The principal highways include the Trans-Isthmian Highway, running across the isthmus from Panama City to Colón, and the Inter-American Highway, which is the Panamanian section of the Pan-American Highway; the latter has been completed from the Costa Rican border eastward, through Panama City, to a point near Yaviza in Darién province, some 25 miles (40 km) from the Colombian border. Completion of the final segment of the highway has been delayed because of concerns about the impact of road construction and usage on the sensitive ecology of the area.
In 1982 an interoceanic oil pipeline was built in western Panama, connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic coasts. The line extends some 80 miles (130 km) from Puerto Armuelles over the Tabasará Mountains to Chiriquí Lagoon. A road was built through the mountains paralleling the pipeline.
A 49-mile (79-km) transcontinental railroad, the Panama-Colón line (now the Panama Canal Railway), was completed in 1855 by a U.S. company. The Chiriquí National Railroad operates both passenger and freight service between La Concepción and Puerto Armuelles and freight service between David and Pedregal on the Pacific. A railroad in Bocas del Toro province serves the banana-growing area.
Tocumen International Airport, Panama's major airport, is located 16 miles (26 km) from the capital and is served by several airlines. There are regular flights between Panama City airports, notably the former Albrook Air Force Station, and more than 100 airfields throughout the country. Panama has both domestic and international airlines.
In 1996 legislation established a regulatory commission for public utility companies. A major move toward privatization was taken in 1997, when 49 percent of the national telecommunications monopoly INTEL, which provided basic telecommunications services, was sold to a British firm. Additional privatizations were also planned, and some services, such as cellular, paging, and satellite communications, were fully privatized by the early 21st century. Panama leads the countries of Central America in both standard and cellular telephones per capita. A full range of business and Internet services is expanding rapidly, though still small in scale.


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Find Your Perfect Home.
Hebron Real Estate
Hebron is located in Indiana. Hebron, Indiana has a population of 3,704. Hebron is more family-centric than the surrounding county with 44.42% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 34.19%.
The median household income in Hebron, Indiana is $54,148. The median household income for the surrounding county is $62,818 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Hebron is 34.1 years.
Hebron Weather
The average high temperature in July is 82.6 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 16.8 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 39.5 inches per year, with inches of snow per year.
Hebron Map
Real Estate Near Hebron
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American Physical Society Sites|APS|Journals|PhysicsCentral|Physics Magazine
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For a large variety of systems in nature, the relaxation back to equilibrium—when a system returns to its original state after being disturbed—depends upon the system's aging processes.
Glasses of all kinds such as silica, electron, spin, etc., are characterized by a rugged, complex energy landscape, with many valleys in which the system can be "trapped." This phenomenon is why slow relaxations and memory effects are often observed in these glass systems.
The image below schematically illustrates the rugged energy landscape of glass.
Image Credit: Ariel Amir (Harvard University), Yuval Oreg and Yoseph Imry. (Weizmann Institute of Science)
This close-up of glass artwork by Dale Chihuly is used to illustrate the rugged energy landscape generically associated with glassy systems.
This image appeared in the March Meeting 2012 Image Gallery. Support was provided by a BMBF DIP grant as well as by ISF and BSF grants and the Center of Excellence Program. Yoseph Imry was also supported by a continuing Humboldt Grant.
March Meeting 2012 Image Gallery
"Huge (but Finite) Time Scales in Slow Relaxations: Beyond Simple Aging," Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 18640 (2011)


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Over here at Casa Lewis I have a bedroom conundrum.
Currently I have my bed against a wall...which looks great
However, with tiny closets and an ever growing collection of crap
I have a large window in my room which if I put the bed up against would make me have like 10x more space...
I as a designer know, that beds in front of windows are totally acceptable
But the duck....he's not so sure.
Lets take a look at some amazing bedrooms where beds in front of windows totes works


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Madonna enlists fans for film project in Miami
MADONNA closed out her North American tour on Tuesday night (20Nov12) by encouraging fans to join in a special movie project filmed at her final gigs in Miami, Florida.
The pop superstar wrapped up the North American leg of her MDNA shows with a pair of concerts at the American Airlines Arena on Monday (19Nov12) and Tuesday (20Nov12).
Ahead of the shows, the singer informed fans she would be filming a tour DVD movie at the final Miami show and she also asked gig-goers to take part in the "MDNA film project".
Fans were instructed to download a special app and film Madonna's rendition of her track Give Me All Your Luvin', before uploading the footage using the software.
The fan-filmed footage will later be edited together into a unique video.
The DVD filming and the movie project on Tuesday reportedly went as planned, unlike Monday night's show in Miami which is said to have been marred by technical difficulties.
Madonna reportedly took to the stage on Monday more than three hours late, prompting boos from the audience, and she played until the early hours of the morning.
The Holiday hitmaker will take her MDNA tour to South America later this month (Nov12).


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Random Act of Malice
Seconds after leaving Deacon's Corner today, I spotted a curious-looking item lying in middle of the shoulder.
In my travels, I see plenty of junk lying on the road and in the ditch. There are times I think there is more garbage on the side of Manitoba highways than there is in the Brady Road landfill site. Unfortunately, this was no ordinary piece of trash cavalierly discarded out of a motorist's window.
As you can see, this is a steak knife, deliberately and carefully placed with the blade up, just waiting for an unsuspecting motorist or cyclist to drive over it and Saskatchewanize their tire. As I investigated further, I noticed that someone had kicked enough sand up to the base to keep it upright so the wind wouldn't blow it over.
Inconsiderate behavior in this part of the world hardly warrants front-page news. This stunt, however, struck me as particularly insidious. The sick-minded individual who planted this booby trap on the highway might call it clever, but other words such as malicious and nasty come to mind. In any event, I foiled this person's attempt at humor by kicking the knife off the highway.
Another day, another random act of malice in the Socialist People's Republic of Manitoba.


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"Why isn't Lekey Dorji a minister?" Questions Zhemgang's constituents
Jul 26, 2013
The People's Democratic Party's (PDP) Dzongkhag Coordinator from Zhemgang is in the capital to meet the Prime Minister-elect to find an explanation as to why their MP-elect Lekey Dorji isn't among the ministers chosen.
Tenzin Lhendup said it was important to find an answer, since PDP's president, Tshering Tobay, during his campaign in Zhemgang, had announced that Lekey Dorji will be given a ministerial berth if PDP comes to power. "He had also specified that Lekey Dorji would be the minister of communications, considering his background and expertise.
Many people, especially the constituents of Bardo-Trong in Zhemgang, are also disappointed after the ministerial portfolios were announced yesterday.
They say the Prime Minister-elect is not keeping his words. "We were told that Lekey Dorji will be one of the ministers during the election campaign by the Prime Minister-elect themselves," said Lhakpa Dorji, one of the constituents.
Another constituent, Kinley Wangdi, said he voted because they were promised a minister. "We need a minister from Zhemgang. Then only will the under-developed Zhemgang will see development."


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25th September 2013
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