Giovanni Maria Bernardoni (1541–1605) was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Early life
Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was born in northern Italy in the commune of Cagno in 1541. He worked as a mason until he was 23 years old upon which he left for Rome to join the Order of the Jesuits and become an architect. The Order directed him towards the construction of their main church in Rome, the Church of the Gesù, where he worked for 6 years. The construction was under the supervision of the famous Italian architect and the inspector of the Order's construction projects, John Tristan.

Architectural work

Italy

Starting in 1573, Bernardoni worked on the construction of churches in Milan, Florence, Naples, and Abruzzo. The Chief Vicar of the Province Bernardoni was in at the time wrote about him to the Superior General of the Society of Jesus saying: "We are happy that God has gladdened us by giving us this master who was essential in helping Father Giovanni".

Later, he goes on to work in Sardinia, specifically Cagliari, where he founds the Church of St. Michael towards the end of 1578 and the Church of Saint Catherine in Sassari (1579-1609).

Lithuania and Poland
In 1583, by command of the head of the Jesuit Order, Bernardoni was sent to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania where Prince Nicholas Radziwill had already been asking for an architect for a long time. However, he wasn't able to make it to his new assignment since on the way there, Bernardoni was taken in Lublin by the rector of the Gdańsk Jesuit College, Christopher Warszewicki who was very influential in Poland. In Lublin, Bernardoni worked for 3 years doing projects for the Lublin College and churches in Poznań, Kalisz, and a restoration after a fire in the Bridgettines convent in Gdańsk.

Nesvizh

After the persistent reminders of Prince Radziwiłł to the Order of Jesuits for an architect, in 1586 Bernardoni comes to Nesvizh and stays there for 13 years. There was a lot of work to do: firstly, the need to oversee the construction of Nesvizh college which had just begun. The project had already been prepared in Rome by Giovanni de Rossi, Bernardoni only needed to make adjustments and corrections. The main project was the local Church of the Jesuits which had to be designed and built. The prototype for this church became the main church of the Order of the Jesuits in Rome.

Work in Nesvizh moved quickly although before Bernardoni was a difficult task: in addition to the need to keep the style of buildings dictated by the Jesuits, the wishes of Prince Radziwiłł had to also be considered - including that the temple be built as a tomb for the Radziwiłł's. Due to the multipurpose nature of the church, the project require a lot of precision. For example, there were four staircases to ensure there would be a different path to separate locations and choirs for members of the princely family, priests, students of the college, and the commoners. There was also established two separate entrances to the crypt-dungeons, where different parts of the dungeon held the coffins of princes, monks, and eminent members of the community.

It is known that while working in Nesvizh, Bernardoni helped Minsk-born former furrier Jan Frankiewicz, who after joining the Jesuits worked in Nesvizh as a baker and was taught to be an architect by Bernardoni. Later, at the beginning of the 17th century, Frankiewicz built the St. Casimir's Church in Vilnius, which still stands at the Town Hall Square.

Over the years, many churches in Nesvizh were simplified, redone, and had additions made to them especially in the middle of the 18th century, but the stylistic basis of the building, both inside and outside remains unchanged since the times of Bernardoni. Apparently, the Radziwiłł's were involved in the design process of many of the buildings. In November 1593, the construction of the church was completed and the first services there were held.

Jesuit churches in Nesvizh were considered the first buildings built in the Baroque style on the territory of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth simply because they were completed more quickly than others, even those that were started being built much earlier. This is thanks to the exclusive interest of Radziwiłł's in the project, who did not allow interruptions in the construction, who promptly gave money to such an extent that in the end amounted to more than the previously agreed cost.

In 1993 a bust of Giovanni Bernardoni by sculptor Nicholas Gumilev was placed in the Old Nesvizh Park.

Krakow

Upon completion of his works in Nesvizh, in 1599 Bernardoni goes to Krakow for the construction of the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul as well as completing the Monastery of St. Bernard in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and St. Casimir in Vilnius.

In 1605, when the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul had only the dome left to build, the walls cracked to which Bernardoni orders the foundation to be dug so the walls could be strengthened; this was not his fault - the foundation was laid down by a different architect. Bernardoni managed to fix his predecessor's mistake and the dome was quickly erected where it remains till this day. He never saw the completion of his last work as he died that same year, in 1605.

Notable buildings
 Church of St. Voytseha and St. Stanislav Bskupa in Kalisz (1592—1597)
 Church of Corpus Christi in Nesvizh (1587-1593)
 Church of Sts. Peter and Paul in Krakow (1597-1619)
 Basilica of Our Lady of the Angels in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska (1603-1609)
 Church of St. Casimir in Vilnius (1604-1616) - designed by his student Jan Frankiewicz

References

Further reading

 Габрусь Т. Архитектурное проектирование в Белоруссии. У истоков //Строительство и архитектура Белоруссии. 1990. № 4. С.36—38.
 Габрусь Т., Галенчанка Г. Правераная алгебрай гармонія. Пачатак архітэктуры новага часу на Беларусі // Мастацтва Беларусі. 1990. № 5. С. 70—75.
 Барока ў беларускай культуры і мастацтве: зборнік / Нацыянальная акадэмія навук Беларусі, Інстытут мастацтвазнаўства, этнаграфіі і фальклору імя К.Крапівы; [навуковы рэдактар В. Ф. Шматаў]. ― Мн., 2005.
 Галенчанка Г. Альбом Бернардоні: Новая крыніца да гісторыі архітэктуры і будаўніцтва ў Нясвіжы (канец XVI— пачатак XVII ст.) // Ад Полацка і Нясвіжа да Падуі і Венецыі. ― Мінск, 1994. С. 79—86.
 Калнін В. Архітэктар Я. М. Бернардоні — прадвеснік барока на Беларусі // Барока ў беларускай культуры і мастацтве. ― Мінск, 1998. С. 124—139.
 Праблемы ідэнтыфікацыі мастацкай спадчыны Нясвіжа ў агульнаеўрапейскім кантэксце культуры: матэрыялы навуковай канферэнцыі (Нясвiж, 15 мая 2004 г.): у рамках IX Беларускага фестывалю камернай музыкi «Музы Нясвiжа — 2004» / [укладальнік Н. С. Стрыбульская; пад агульнай рэдакцыяй У. П. Скараходава]. ― 2004.
 L'architetto Gian Maria Bernardoni sj tra l'Italia e le terre dell'Europa centro-orientale / [Cur.]: Sante Graciotti, Jerzy Kowalczyk; Fondazione Giorgio Cini. 1999.
 L'architetto Gian Maria Bernardoni sj tra l'Italia e le terre dell'Europa centro-orientale (a cura di Sante Graciotti e Jerzy Kowalczyk). ― Roma, MCMIC [1999].
 Markowski F. Zamek Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła Sierotki w Nieświeżu. // Kwartalnik architektury i urbanistyki, t.IX, z.2. ― Warszawa, 1964. S.185—192.
 Poplatek J., Paszenda J. Słownik jezuitów-artystów. ― Kraków, 1972. S. 83.
 Salviucci Insolera L. Il periodo italiano di Giovan Maria Bernardoni //L'architetto Gian Maria Bernardoni… P. 3.
 Załęski S. Kolegium jezuitów w Nieświeżu// Przegląd Powszechny, № 54, 1897, s.239-252.
 Rūstis Kamuntavičius et alii: Artisti del lago di Lugano e del Mendrisiotto in Lituania, in Gli artisti del lago di Lugano e del Mendrisiotto nel Granducato di Lituania (dal XVI al XVIII sec.), Hrsg Giorgio Mollisi, «Arte&Storia», Edizioni Ticino Management, anno 13, numero 59, agosto-ottobre 2013, Lugano 2013.

1541 births
1605 deaths
People from Como
Italian Baroque architects
16th-century Italian architects
16th-century Italian Jesuits
Polish Baroque architects
Belarusian Baroque architects

Giovanni Maria Bernardoni


A penalty shootout in association football is a way of deciding who wins match if both teams have scored the same number of goals.

If the score is a draw after 90 minutes, usually the teams will play an extra 30 minutes of extra time. If the score is still equal, then a penalty shootout takes place. Usually each team takes five penalties each, and the team who scores the most wins. If both teams are equal after these penalties, then each team will take one more penalty until one team is ahead.

Penalty shootouts are normally only used in cup matches, and not league matches. If nobody wins in a league match, both teams get one point for the draw. In a cup match often a winner in needed to go to the next round.

Many famous cup finals have been won by penalty shootouts, like the 2006 World Cup final, the 2005 UEFA Champions League final and the 1994 World Cup final.

Sources
FIFA laws of the game

Football (soccer) terminology

Penalty shoot-out


Marlon Guillermo Lara Orellana (born April 30, 1966, in San Pedro Sula, Honduras) is a Liberal Party politician from Honduras. He was Mayor of the City of Puerto Cortes and former Minister of the Government under the presidency of Manuel Zelaya. He served as the 2nd vice-president of the National Congress of Honduras(Jan. 25, 2010- Jan. 21, 2014).

Background
Lara's family moved to Puerto Cortes, Honduras where he grew up. His brother Wenceslao Lara was elected Congressman on the 2005 elections and was re-elected on the 2009 elections for another four years term. He was also mayor of Puerto CortesMarlon Lara holds a Doctor in Chemistry and Pharmacy from UNAH (Universidad Autónoma de Honduras) and an Executive Master of Business Administration (MBA) from INCAE (Instituto Centroamericano de Administracion de Empresas). He speaks three languages: Spanish, English and French.

Political career
Lara is an active member of the Honduran Liberal Party (Partido Liberal de Honduras in Spanish). In 1989, at age 23, he started his political career by running unsuccessfully for a seat in the National Congress. In 1993 he ran for Mayor of Puerto Cortes, winning the election overwhelmingly. With his two subsequent re-elections, Lara was mayor for three consecutive terms (January 25, 1994 - January 25, 2006), a feat unprecedented among Honduran mayors at that time.

In 2004 he started an internal movement within the Liberal Party in order to win candidacy for President of Honduras in the near future. His movement lost the internal elections of the Liberal Party in 2005 by a wide margin, but helped him to secure a future appointment as Minister in the Government of Manuel Zelaya. On January 27, 2006, he was appointed the Minister-Director of FHIS-Fondo Hondureño de Inversion Social (Honduran Social Investment Fund) under the Zelaya Administration.

In December 2006 Lara was one of the Government Officials who failed the annual evaluation performed by President Zelaya. The evaluation process was a new initiative introduced by Zelaya and was headed by Minister Yani Rosenthal. Lara received one of the lowest scores among all ministers. Immediately the Government started the process to separate the failed official. He presented his resignation in January 2007. The evaluation process is being criticized, because the worst evaluated ministers were kept in the Government for four years.

2009 Honduran general election

Marlon Lara served as Elvin Ernesto Santos national chairperson during the 2009 elections. Marlon ran for congressman in the 2009 and 2013 elections and won. He was the 2nd vice-president of the National Congress (Jan 25, 2010- Jan 21,2014)

References

1966 births
Living people
Mayors of places in Honduras
Government ministers of Honduras
Liberal Party of Honduras politicians
People from San Pedro Sula
Deputies of the National Congress of Honduras

Marlon Guillermo Lara Orellana


, is a series of turn-based strategy video games produced by Bandai, based on the Gundam franchise. It takes its gameplay style from the SD Gundam series and adds political and military management to the One Year War. The Japanese title, Giren no Yabō, is derived from that of Nobunaga's Ambition, although the English title uses a different translation for the word yabō.

Gihren's Greed

Released in 1998 for the Sega Saturn, the game follows the path of either the Federation or Principality of Zeon throughout the One Year War. The player has 150 turns to defeat the opposing side with either a scenario victory or a complete victory. Alterations can be made to the timeline, preventing deaths and disasters which in turn alter other timeline events.

Mobile Suit Gundam: Gihren's Greed
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou - Sega Saturn - 1998
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou [Append Disc] - Sega Saturn - 1998
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou Special - Bandai Wonderswan Color - 2003

Gihren's Greed: Blood of Zeon
Blood of Zeon features a more complex political system compared to the original Gihren's Greed. The player can now create ceasefires and treaties, and the military system now supports mobile suit upgrading and customization. The map system was also updated. Blood of Zeon also introduces mobile suits and characters from various Gundam OVAs, along with the third-party factions Titan, A.E.U.G, and the Axis.

On release, Famitsu magazine scored the Dreamcast version of the game a 30 out of 40, and gave the PlayStation version a 33 out of 40.

Mobile Suit Gundam: Gihren's Ambition: Blood of Zeon
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou, Zeon no Keifu - PlayStation, Dreamcast - 2000
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou, Zeon no Keifu [Append Disc] - PlayStation - 2000
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou, Zeon no Keifu + [Append Disc] - PlayStation Portable - 2005

Gihren's Greed: War for Zeon Independence
War for Zeon Independence adds an updated map system and military system to a rewritten script, several new characters, an updated spying system and Mobile Suits from MSV. The battles are fought in full 3D, unlike previous titles in the series. However, this installment omits the Zeta Gundam era conflicts featured in Blood of Zeon. As a result, the Principality of Zeon and the Earth Federation are the only factions featured in this entry. However, after completion of the game with each team, an option to use them in IF mode is unlocked. Each completion of the game increases the player's "IF" Level and more points to use in IF Mode. IF Mode allows the player to create their own team; Choosing such options as a leader (or creating their own leader), Their home base, which officers to start with, which technology group their faction is in and what units the player starts with. This also comes with a variety of Scenarioes to play through, with preset IF modes.

On release, Famitsu magazine scored the game a 33 out of 40.

Mobile Suit Gundam: Gihren's Greed: War for Zeon Independence
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou: Zeon Dokuritsu Sensouden - PlayStation 2 - 2002
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou: Zeon Dokuritsu Sensouden [Append Disc] - 2003
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Gihren no Yabou: Zeon Dokuritsu Sensouden + [Append Disc] - 2005

Gihren's Greed: The Menace of Axis
Menace of Axis is the fourth game in the series, released on February 7, 2008 for the PlayStation Portable. The game's graphics are rendered in 2.5D in line with PSP hardware constrains, Also, unlike its predecessor 'War Of Independence',  the game features conflicts from the One Year War (including the events of MS IGLOO) to Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam (with some events that occurred during the spinoff manga Advance of Z: Flag of Titans), Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ, and the events that take place during Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack and Mobile Suit Gundam: Hathaway's Flash. Factions featured in "Blood of Zeon" also make an appearance (Federation, Zeon, AEUG, Titans, Axis forces), both the first and second Neo Zeon movements. Garma's "Zeon Reborn" and Kycillia's "Legitimate Zeon" (previously unique to Blood of Zeon) are also available. A noteworthy trait of the game is it featuring nearly every Gundam protagonist and antagonist that piloted a mobile suit or was on board a battleship. Features include 2 new difficulties, "Very Easy" and "Special". This game was re-released as an expansion entitled Gihren's Greed: The Menace of Axis V, featuring new characters, Mobile Suits, and a bonus faction, the Tem Ray Army. A version for the PS2 was also released.

According to an interview with Norihiko Ushimura, Game Producer of the series, mobile suits from MS IGLOO, Harmony Of Gundam and Mobile Suit Variation are featured; there are said to be roughly 400 MS/MA featured in this version of the video game. Event scenes, however, do not have animation: instead there are more than 400 still scenes created in collaboration with Sunrise to represent important events as portrayed in previous titles.

Gihren's Greed: The Menace of Axis

Kidou Senshi Gundam: Giren no Yabou - Axis no Kyoui - PSP - 2008
Kidou Senshi Gundam: Giren no Yabou - Axis no Kyoui V - PSP/PS2 - 2009

New Gihren's Greed
New Gihren's Greed is the fifth game in the series, released on August 25, 2011 for the PlayStation Portable. Like the original Gihren's Greed, it is focused on the One Year War.

Reception

External links
 Gihren's Ambition at GameFAQs
 Help Menu for Blood of Zeon
 2002 Top 50 Japanese Console Game Chart
 Information on Menace of Axis (Japanese)

1998 video games
Bandai games
Dreamcast games
Gundam video games
Japan-exclusive video games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Sega Saturn games
Turn-based strategy video games
Video games developed in Japan
WonderSwan Color games

Gihren no Yabou


Jones Jones Jones was an event held at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff, Wales on the 3 November 2006, which broke the Guinness World Record for the largest gathering of people with the same surname—Jones.

Gala Concert

1,224 Joneses attended a Gala Concert in Cardiff featuring performances by Grace Jones, Dame Gwyneth Jones, John Owen-Jones and Tammy Jones, alongside a host of Welsh-speaking singers, actors and celebrities. During the evening, messages of support were shown from Aled Jones, Bryn Terfel, Stephen Jones, Ruth Jones, Rhys Meirion Jones and well wishes from Tom Jones and Catherine Zeta-Jones. The evening was co-presented by Gethin Jones, Gwenllian Jones and Aled Haydn Jones.

Past record holders
Also present on the evening were representatives of the past record holders, the Norbergs from Norberg, Sweden beating their record of 583.

Televised
The event was organised by the independent television production company Cwmni Da, events company Mr Producer of Cardiff and S4C. It was also televised on S4C on 26 November 2006.

Gallaghers take over record
As of Sunday 9 September 2007 the Gallaghers are holders of a Guinness World Record for "the largest same name gathering—last name". There were 1,488 Gallaghers who gathered in the LYIT Campus in Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland at the time of the count.

References and Related links

External links
Official website

Concerts in the United Kingdom
British television specials
S4C original programming
2006 in the United Kingdom
2006 in British television
November 2006 events in Europe
2006 in Wales

Jones Jones Jones


Taijul Islam (Bengali: তাইজুল ইসলাম; born 7 February 1992) is a Bangladeshi left-arm orthodox spinner who plays for the Bangladesh national cricket team. He made his international debut for Bangladesh in September 2014.

Taijul Islam was selected for Bangladesh A after a strong 2013–14 domestic season, and went on to make his Test debut for Bangladesh on its 2014 tour of the West Indies. He took a five-wicket haul on debut, and, when Zimbabwe toured Bangladesh later in the year, took figures of 8/39, the best figures by any Bangladeshi at Test level. He made his ODI debut later in the series, and took a hat-trick, becoming the first ever player to do so on debut.

Domestic career
Taijul Islam has played at domestic level for Rajshahi Division and North Zone, in the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL) for Duronto Rajshahi, and in the Dhaka Premier Division for Prime Doleshwar SC. He made his first-class debut for Rajshahi Division during the 2010–11 season of the National Cricket League.

Taijul Islam initially played in his hometown, Natore, before moving up to the Rajshahi Division league system. He toured Sri Lanka with the Bangladesh national under-19s during the 2009 season, and played three under-19 One Day Internationals and one under-19 Test. Taijul Islam made his first-class debut for Rajshahi Division in April 2011, during the 2010–11 season of the National Cricket League (Bangladesh). He played three matches late in the season, taking 14 wickets (including three four-wicket hauls). This impressed Khaled Mashud, a former captain of Bangladesh and leading figure in the Rajshahi team, and reputedly guaranteed his place in the squad for several seasons.

For the 2011–12 season, Taijul Islam secured a place with Prime Doleshwar Sporting Club in the Dhaka Premier Division, which, although it did not yet have list-A status, was one of the strongest one-day leagues in the country. He was also signed to Duronto Rajshahi for the inaugural season of the Bangladesh Premier League, playing three matches, including the team's semi-final loss to the Barisal Burners. Taijul Islam gained more game time during the following season, taking nine wickets from nine matches. Following on from this, in August 2013 he represented the Bangladesh under-23 side at the ACC Emerging Teams Cup in Singapore, which constituted his first matches at list-A level. The Dhaka Premier Division gained list-A status for its 2013 season, running from September to November, and Taijul Islam was one of the competition's leading wicket-takers, finishing with 22 wickets from 15 matches (behind only Farhad Reza for Prime Doleshwar). This including figures of 6/19 against Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club (led by Mushfiqur Rahim), a personal best.

Taijul Islam represented another side sponsored by Prime Bank Limited in a brief Victory Day Cup series at the end of December 2013. He played seven games in that competition, which was his second Twenty20 tournament of the year – he had also represented Rajshahi Division at the Bangladesh Games in April. The 2013–14 season was Taijul Islam's breakout season at first-class level. In the four-zone Bangladesh Cricket League, he took 37 wickets in four matches for North Zone, an amalgam of the Rajshahi and Rangpur Division teams. This included match figures of 12/122 (7/71 and 5/51) against East Zone, the first ten-wicket haul of his career. Against Central Zone, Taijul Islam took match figures of 11/177 (5/88 and 6/89), while in the tournament's final, against South Zone, he took 10/242, which included first-innings figures of 8/86. For these performances, Taijul Islam was named Man of the Tournament. His NCL season for Rajshahi Division was less successful, with 18 wickets from seven matches, though this including a ten-wicket haul against Sylhet Division, for which he was named man of the match.

In October 2018, Taijul Islam was named in the squad for the Khulna Titans team, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League. He was the leading wicket-taker for the team in the tournament, with thirteen dismissals in twelve matches. In August 2019, he was one of 35 cricketers named in a training camp ahead of Bangladesh's 2019–20 season. In November 2019, he was selected to play for the Rajshahi Royals in the 2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League.

International career

2014 to 2020
After Taijul Islam's performances during the 2013–14 domestic season, he was named in Bangladesh A's 15-man squad for its tour of the West Indies in May 2014. Bangladesh's senior team also toured later in the year, in August and September 2014. Taijul Islam was a late addition to Bangladesh's squad for the two-Test series, replacing another left-arm spinner, Abdur Razzak. On debut at Kingstown's Arnos Vale Ground (on Saint Vincent), he took 5/135 in the West Indies' first innings of 484/7 declared, bowling the majority of overs in tandem with Shuvagata Hom, an off-spinner also making his Test debut. Taijul Islam thus became the sixth Bangladeshi bowler to take a five-wicket haul on his Test debut.

Taijul Islam was subsequently selected for Bangladesh's home series against Zimbabwe, in October and November 2014. In the first Test of the three-Test series, he took 8/39 (his career best till now) from 16.5 overs in Zimbabwe's second innings, helping to bowl the side out for 114 runs. Taijul Islam became the first Bangladeshi to take eight wickets in a Test innings, breaking Shakib Al Hasan's previous record (7/36 against New Zealand in 2008). Only two left-arm bowlers have recorded better figures in a Test innings – Sri Lanka's Rangana Herath (9/127) and England's Johnny Briggs (8/11). Later in the match, Taijul Islam featured in an unbroken 19-run partnership for the eighth wicket, hitting the winning runs as Bangladesh won by three wickets. He was subsequently named man of the match.

Making his One Day International debut for Bangladesh against Zimbabwe on 1 December 2014, Taijul Islam finished with figures of 4/11 from seven overs, including a hat-trick. He became the fourth Bangladeshi to take an ODI hat-trick, after Shahadat Hossain, Abdur Razzak, and Rubel Hossain, and the first to take a hat-trick in ODI debut. At the 2015 World Cup played in Australia and New Zealand, Taijul Islam was included in Bangladesh's squad, but played only a single match, taking 0/58 against New Zealand. He was dropped from the squad for the team's next international ODI series, when Pakistan toured in April and May 2015, but was named in the squad for the two-Test series. In the first Test in Khulna, Taijul Islam took 6/163 in Pakistan's only innings, the second-best figures by a Bangladeshi bowler against Pakistan (after Shakib Al Hasan's 6/82 in 2011).

In April 2018, he was one of ten cricketers to be awarded a central contract by the Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) ahead of the 2018 season. In September 2019, he was named in Bangladesh's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2019–20 Bangladesh Tri-Nation Series. He made his T20I debut for Bangladesh, against Zimbabwe, on 13 September 2019, taking a wicket with his first delivery.

2021 to present
In May 2022, he was included in the Test and ODI squad of Bangladesh for West Indies tour. He was not included in the playing XI for the Test series and in the first two ODI matches. He was included in the playing XI for the third ODI, making his comeback in ODI since he last played against Zimbabwe in March 2020. In the match, he picked up his first five-wicket haul conceding 28 runs, his best bowling figure in ODIs. His bowling helped Bangladesh sweep the ODI series by a 3–0 margin.

See also
 List of Bangladesh cricketers who have taken five-wicket hauls on Test debut
 List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladesh Test cricketers
Bangladesh One Day International cricketers
Bangladesh Twenty20 International cricketers
Rajshahi Division cricketers
Rajshahi Royals cricketers
Cricketers who have taken five wickets on Test debut
People from Natore District
One Day International hat-trick takers
Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup
Fortune Barishal cricketers
Sylhet Strikers cricketers
Khulna Tigers cricketers
Prime Doleshwar Sporting Club cricketers
Legends of Rupganj cricketers
Prime Bank Cricket Club cricketers
Bangladesh North Zone cricketers
Cricketers from Rajshahi Division

Taijul Islam


Dieter Rubach (born 28 April 1955) is a German bass player, composer, engineer and producer.

Life and career

In the early 1970s, Rubach joined the heavy metal band Accept, first on keyboards, later on bass until he left in 1978 and was succeeded by Peter Baltes. In 1983, after leaving the German pop band Lichtblick, he formed his own hard rock band Bad Steve, along with other ex-Accept members like Frank Friedrich and Jan Koemmet, who left the band after their albums Breaker and Restless And Wild. Rumors and pictures say that 3 other Accept members (Jörg Fischer, Stefan Kaufmann and Hansi Heitzer) also played with Bad Steve.

In 1985, they released the album Killing The Night (produced by Alphaville's producer Wolfgang Loos), including the single Across The Rainbow, where a video was shot. They also supported Accept for a 1984 tour. It was the band's only album, before they split. It showcased Rubach as a songwriter and guitarist too.→

When lead singer Udo Dirkschneider left Accept in 1987, he formed his own band called U.D.O., recorded the album Animal House and asked Rubach for a brief stint in his touring band. The tour started in early February 1988 and U.D.O. played in Hungary, Germany, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, France, Finland, US and Canada. Rubach appears on several bootlegs, as well as on a RTL TV special called "MOSH". They also did a tour with Guns N' Roses, Zodiac Mindwarp and Lita Ford (where he met his old friend Martin Gerschwitz again) before he left the band in 1989.

Rubach continued to work as a session musician and arranger for famous German acts like Anne Haigis and Nino de Angelo. As a bandmember he also recorded with Scholle & his Friends, Melo Mafali, Eisenhertz, Lothar und die Trabanten and many more.

In the new millennium he was part of Martin Gerschwitz & Friends. They also shot a DVD at the SAE, Frankfurt in 2004, before he left the band and continued to record and perform with German bands The Pirates of Love, Funky Frank, Justin Nova and others.

As an audio engineer he worked for many artists like Scorpions, Elton John, Bonnie Tyler, Whitney Houston, Lionel Richie, Joe Cocker, Luciano Pavarotti, Iggy Pop, Pet Shop Boys, Chris de Burgh, Chris Rea, Art Garfunkel, Muddy Waters, Paul Young, Kelly Family, Electric Light Orchestra, Ace of Base, Miguel Rios, Billy Cobham, Helge Schneider, Rednex, Milva, Tato Gomez, Karel Gott, The United Jazz and Rock Ensemble, Supermax, Leningrad Cowboys, Angelika Milster, Baden Powell de Aquino, Grobschnitt, Tarkan, Beverly Craven, Andre Heller, Vaya Con Dios, Eleni Tzoka and for the musicals Jesus Christ Superstar, Cabaret, The Magic Flute and The Jungle Book. He also worked as a roadie, stage technician and light operator. He also recorded albums with Gil Scott-Heron, Rufus Thomas, Bourbon $treet and Irek Dudek. He owns a recording studio in Mannheim, Germany, Para-Studio.

Under a pseudonym he wrote several songs for the Eurovision Song Contest.

Discography

 1982 – Lichtblick – Lichtblick '82
 1985 – Bad Steve – Killing The Night
 1991 – Lothar und die Trabanten – Unter dem Wartburg

As sound engineer

 1990 – Gil Scott-Heron – Tales of Gil Scott-Heron
 1990 – Ozo – In the Threshold of Jain
 1992 – Rufus Thomas – Timeless Funk
 1992 – Anne Haigis – Cry Wolf
 1992 – Melo Mafali – Babylons Acumen
 1995 – Aida – Presents Mythos
 1997 – Bourbon $treet – Live on the Rocks
 2000 – Bourbon $treet – Straight Up Rock'n Roll

DVD

 2003 – U.D.O. – Nailed To Metal (Compilation) GER: #100
 2004 – Martin Gerschwitz & Friends – Live in Frankfurt

References

External links

German male musicians
German heavy metal musicians
German heavy metal bass guitarists
Male bass guitarists
German record producers
German audio engineers
People from Solingen
Living people
1955 births
Accept (band) members
U.D.O. members
Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
German male guitarists

Dieter Rubach


Rombo (fate, luck) apa kureva zviro zvinoitika.

Ane rombo rakanaka.
Chirombo chenherera kudya ikarutsa. It is the fate of an orphan that he eats and has to vomit.
Hurombo hune nherera, kudya ikarutsa. The pity of an orphan is to eat and vomit.
Chiromboi chagara nherera kudya ikarutsa. The little pity dwelling on an orphan is eating and vomiting.

Mitauro yeBantu

Lugungu inoti iromba kana maromba pakuwanda (n. chance meeting, encounter; act of being in the same place as somebody by chance).
Sangho vanoti lombo (n. frog) kureva datya.
Lingala vanoti konzo (n. luck) kureva rombo rakanaka.

Tsika

Rombo


Mainland is a term that simply means a large landmass or continent. It can also mean the largest of a group of islands. Sometimes the people who live on the mainland are called "mainlanders". Because of its larger area, a mainland almost always has a much larger population than nearby islands. Mainlander culture and politics sometimes threaten to dominate those of the islands.

Geography

Mainland


Spectrum Sports is a former regional sports network owned by Charter Communications through its acquisition of Time Warner Cable, including its Milwaukee and Eastern Wisconsin cable franchises, in May 2016. Broadcasting on Channel 32 exclusively on Charter Spectrum systems in the Milwaukee and Green Bay/Fox Cities areas, the channel launched in February 2007. This is not to be confused with WACY, Green Bay's actual broadcast Channel 32, which airs on Spectrum channel 83 on its northeastern Wisconsin systems.

The channel featured a mix of local sports roundtable discussion shows, UW-Milwaukee Panthers sporting events, programs featuring the former sports directors of several local television stations and newspapers, coaches' shows, high school sports, and other minor professional sports within the Milwaukee and Green Bay franchise areas of Spectrum. Until 2013 the network also aired Marquette Golden Eagles sports, including men's college basketball games from ESPN Plus, rebroadcasts of ESPN Marquette games, other Marquette sports, and archived Marquette sports programming; this was discontinued that year due to the new Big East Conference contract with Fox Sports 1 which will see some games sub-licensed to Fox Sports Wisconsin locally, and the athletic department considering taking their coach's shows online-only or discontinuing them altogether. The Horizon League also moved to a mix of airing their games through ESPN+ and Stadium (the latter sometimes simulcast by WVTV's "My 24" subchannel), leaving the network without much college game programming. The network also had rights through Time Warner Cable/Spectrum's 'official cable partner' designation to carry programming produced by and revolving around the Green Bay Packers.

On May 18, 2016, Charter completed its merger with Time Warner Cable, after an earlier attempt by Comcast to merge with Time Warner had failed the year before, placing the network and Time Warner Cable's Milwaukee operations under the control of Charter. As a result, it and the other ex-TWC RSNs rebranded under the umbrella of Spectrum Sports.

Replacement with Spectrum News 1 Wisconsin
The channel was never added to Charter's legacy systems in Wisconsin. This was due to Spectrum launching a statewide 24-hour news channel, Spectrum News 1 Wisconsin; a lack of sports job postings for the effort suggested that the content of Spectrum Sports would be merged into the new effort, with a relocation of the rebranded channel space to Channel 1 statewide. This was confirmed by Spectrum in October 2018, and Spectrum Sports ended autonomous operations before the launch of the new Spectrum News channel on November 27 at 6 a.m., using space in Spectrum's downtown Milwaukee headquarters. Time Warner planned to launch "Time Warner News Wisconsin" in the mid-2000s before deciding not to launch a news channel at the time and focus on a more scalable local sports channel. The network continued with archived content for the next month, going off the air late on December 31, 2018.

Programming
The following shows were broadcast and produced by the network:
The Roundtable – A roundtable show featuring Spectrum Sports' Sports Director Dennis Krause and state sports journalists. Airs weeknights.
Dennis Krause Show - A half-hour profile show with Krause interviewing sports coaches and former Wisconsin sports greats.
Sports32 Weekly – Weekly round-up of high school, college, or professional, premieres Tuesdays.
Timber Rattlers Field Pass - Program featuring stories, news and profiles involving Appleton's minor league baseball team, the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers.
The Rob Jeter Show – Official weekly coach's show for Milwaukee men's basketball coach Rob Jeter, with Bill Johnson.
The Keith Tozer Show – A weekly show involving the XSL indoor soccer league and the Milwaukee Wave, featuring Wave coach Keith Tozer, with Dennis Krause.
"The Midwest Ballers Show"

The following sporting events were carried by Spectrum Sports (Wisconsin):
WIAA athletics
Milwaukee Panthers athletics
Wisconsin Timber Rattlers baseball
Milwaukee Admirals hockey
Green Bay Gamblers hockey
Milwaukee Wave indoor soccer
Green Bay Blizzard arena football
Milwaukee Iron arena football

Other shows that aired on Spectrum Sports (Wisconsin):
Milwaukee Admirals All-Access
Milwaukee Iron Coach's Show
Sidelines
On the Water Adventures
Hunter's Exchange
John Gillespies Waters & Woods
Midwest Classic Golf with Tom Sutton
Raceline

References

Wisconsin
Television stations in Milwaukee
Defunct local cable stations in the United States
Television stations in Green Bay, Wisconsin
Television channels and stations established in 2007
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2018

Spectrum Sports (Wisconsin)


Guijoso is a Vino de Pago from Spain. This is the highest category on the quality scale of Spanish wines and means that in addition to having a proven track record of consistent quality, the wines have to be both produced from estate-grown grapes and also have to be processed and aged in a winery (bodega) located on the estate.

The winery and vineyards are in the Guijoso estate, located in the municipality of El Bonillo, in the province of Albacete (Castile-La Mancha, Spain) and acquired its status in April 2005. It is very close to the Lagunas de Ruidera, an area of wetlands and natural reserve, and is the source of the river Pinilla.

The whole estate is about 3,000 ha in area. About half this area is cultivated and the other half is low mountain scrubland used for hunting. There are installations on the estate for livestock, olives, vines and the winery.

History
The first vines were planted in 1985, and the first wine released to the market was in 1990 with Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. The winery (bodega) was inaugurated in 1993.

Vineyards
At a height of about 1,000 m above sea level, the vineyards cover an area of 72 ha. The main white varieties planted are Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc. The main red varieties are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo and Syrah.

The vines are planted on trellises (en espaldera) and have a drip irrigation system.

As required by the legislation, the grapes used in making the estate wine must be grown on the estate itself.

Climate
The climate is continental (long hot dry summers, very cold winters).

References

External links
Bodeas y Viñedos Sanchez Muliterno

Wine regions of Spain

Guijoso


Michael Diamond Resnick (born 5 Mairch, 1942; deed Nint Januar 2020), better kent as Mike Resnick, wis a faur ben an prolific American science feection owthor. He wis forbye a lang-time parteecipant in science feection fandom. His dochter, Laura Resnick, is forbye a science feection owthor.

1942 births
2020 daiths
20t-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
American male short story writers
American online publication eeditors
Place o birth missin (livin fowk)
American science feection writers
Asimov's Science Fiction fowk
Hugo Awaird-winnin writers
Nebula Awaird winners
Science feection eeditors
Science feection fans
Writers frae Chicago
20t-century American writers
21st-century American short story writers
20t-century male writers
21st-century male writers
Novelists frae Illinois

Mike Resnick


Rishta Ho To Aisa () is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language drama film, produced by M.M.C. Cooper on the Marco Enterprises banner and directed by Kalptaru. Starring Jeetendra, Rishi Kapoor, Juhi Chawla, Sujata Mehta  and music composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal.

Plot
Rajesh (Jeetendra) is a well-respected person in a village, who has a happy family, his wife Sharda (Sujata Mehta) and lovely daughter Pinky. He used to have a younger brother Vijay (Rishi Kapoor) who left the house at a very young age due to the thrashing from his father and becomes a pick-pocketer. Rajesh also comes to Bombay on some work and meets with an accident which was pre-arranged by his business rival Kalicharan (Paresh Rawal). Rajesh loses his memory, and his manager Giridhari Lal (Kader Khan) takes advantage of the situation and plants a beautiful girl Man Mohini (Swapna) in his house and Rajesh starts loving her. Meanwhile, Sharda and Pinky come to Bombay and circumstances prevail them to work as a servant in Rajesh's house only.

Simultaneously Vijay falls in love with Seema (Juhi Chawla), a stage dancer. Once Rajesh brings a costly necklace to Man Mohini. Vijay robs the necklace and gives it to Seema. The blame goes on Sharda and she has been put behind the bars. When Rajesh and Man Mohini finds Seema dancing with the same necklace and when Seema has been arrested Vijay comes and confesses the guilty. At the same time, Sharda is found pregnant and the question arises, whose child is it?  So Sharda tries to commit suicide along with Pinky, Vijay protects them and takes them back to their village where he releases that it is own house by seeing the portrait of his father and understands that Rajesh is his elder brother. At the same time Rajesh, Man Mohini, and Seema Kidnapped by Kalicharan, Vijay comes to their protection and in the quarrel, Kalicharan hits on Rajesh's forehead and he regains his memory. Finally, everyone is reunited and the movie ends with the marriage of Vijay and Seema.

Cast
Jeetendra as Rajesh
Rishi Kapoor as Vijay
Juhi Chawla as Seema
Sujata Mehta as Sharda
Swapna as Man Mohini
Kader Khan as Girdharilal
Paresh Rawal as Kalicharan
Sharat Saxena
Ashok Saraf

Soundtrack

References

1990s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Films directed by Kalpataru

Rishta Ho To Aisa


Kalākaua I (November 16, 1836 - January 20, 1891) was the last king of Hawaii. His full name was David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua. He was sometimes called The Merrie Monarch.  He was king from February 12, 1874 until his death on January 20, 1891.

Early life
Kalākaua's parents were a high chief and a high chiefess. He had two older siblings and six younger siblings. When he was four, he started school. He became fluent in English and the Hawaiian language. He started studying law at age 16. However, his government positions kept him from completing his legal training. By 1856, Kalākaua was a major on the staff of King Kamehameha IV. He had also led a political organization known as the Young Hawaiians. Kalākaua also served in the Department of the Interior. In 1863, he was appointed postmaster general.

Reign as King

The king before Kalākaua was King Lunalilo. He died on February 3, 1874. Kalākaua was elected to replace him. Kalākaua named his brother, William Pitt Leleiohoku, as his heir.

Kalākaua started his reign with a tour of the Hawaiian islands. This made him more popular. In October 1874, he sent representatives to the United States to negotiate a treaty. In November, Kalākaua went to Washington DC to meet Ulysses S. Grant. An agreement was reached and the treaty was signed on January 30, 1875. The treaty allowed certain Hawaiian goods, mainly sugar and rice, to come into the United States tax-free.

During the early part of Kalākaua's reign, he dismissed many cabinets and appointed new ones. This drew criticism from people who wanted Hawaiian government to be like the United Kingdom's constitutional monarchy. They believed the legislature should control the cabinet ministers rather than the king. This struggle continued throughout Kalākaua's reign.

In 1881, King Kalākaua left Hawaii on a trip around the world. He went to study immigration and to improve foreign relations. He also wanted to study how other rulers ruled. In his absence, his sister and heir, Princess Liliuokalani, ruled as regent. (Prince Leleiohoku, the former heir, had died in 1877.) The King received a royal welcome in San Francisco. In the Empire of Japan, he met with the Meiji Emperor. He continued through Qing Dynasty China, Siam under King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), Burma, British Raj India, Egypt, Italy, Belgium, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the French Third Republic, Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and back through the United States. During this trip, he met with many other heads of state, including Pope Leo XIII, Umberto I of Italy, Tewfik, Viceroy of Egypt,  William II of Germany, Rama V of Siam, President Chester Arthur, and Victoria of the United Kingdom. In this, he became the first king to travel around the world.

Kalākaua also built ʻIolani Palace. It cost $300,000, an amount unheard of at the time. Many of the furnishings in the palace were ordered by Kalākaua while he was in Europe.

Kalākaua decided to build the Kamehameha Statue. It honored Kamehameha I, the first king of the whole Hawaiian Islands. The original statue was lost when the ship carrying it sank near the Falkland Islands. A replacement was ordered and unveiled by the king in 1883. The original statue was later repaired and sent to Hawaii in 1912. A third statue, erected in 1969, is in the United States Capitol. It is the only statue there that commemorates a native Hawaiian.

King Kalākaua is said to have wanted to build a Polynesian Empire. In 1886, the legislature gave the government $30,000 for the formation of a Polynesian confederation. The King sent representatives to Sāmoa. There Malietoa Laupepa agreed to a confederation between the two kingdoms. This confederation did not last very long, because King Kalākaua lost power the next year to the Bayonet Constitution.

By 1887, some people were very frustrated with Kalākaua. They blamed him for the Kingdom's growing debt. They accused him of being a spendthrift. Some foreigners wanted to force him to abdicate and put his sister Liliuokalani onto the throne. Others wanted to end the monarchy altogether and make the islands part of the United States. The people who wanted to be part of the United States formed a group called the Hawaiian League. In 1887, members of the League armed with guns got together. The King was frightened by this show of force. He offered to transfer his powers to the foreign ministers representing the United States, the United Kingdom, or Portugal. The members of the league instead asked him to sign a new constitution.

This new constitution was nicknamed the Bayonet Constitution. It took away much of the King's executive power. It took away the voting rights of most native Hawaiians. The legislature could override a veto by the King. The King was no longer allowed to take action without approval of the cabinet. The House of Nobles, the house of legislature appointed by the King, was to be elected. Non-Hawaiian citizens could now vote. Robert Wilcox led a counter-revolution to give power back to the king, but it failed.

By 1890, the King was ill. Under the advice of his physician, he went to San Francisco. His health continued to get worse. He died on January 20, 1891 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. His final words were, "Tell my people I tried."

Kalākaua's remains were sent to Honolulu aboard the American cruiser USS Charleston. Because he did not have any children, his sister, Liliuokalani, became queen.

Legacy
King Kalākaua was called "the Merrie Monarch" because he loved the joyful things in life. While he was king, people started to do hula again. (It had been banned by Queen Kaahumanu in 1830.) There is a hula festival named for him, the Merrie Monarch Festival. He also brought back the Hawaiian martial art of Lua, and surfing. He and his brother and sisters were known as the "Royal Fours" for their musical talents. He wrote "Hawaii Ponoi", which is the state song of Hawaii today. Kalākaua strongly supported the ukulele as a Hawaiian instrument.

"Kalākaua Avenue" in Waikiki is named after him. It is the main avenue of Waikiki. It goes from the Ala Wai Canal to Waikiki beach. It continues almost to the Diamond Head crater.

References

Further reading

Other websites

Ukulele Hall Of Fame Museum - David Kalākaua
Kalākaua elected king
David Kalākaua
Kalākaua at Find a Grave

songwriters
1836 births
1891 deaths
Kings and Queens of Hawaii
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Native Hawaiians

Kalākaua


The 480 is a political fiction novel by Eugene Burdick (1964).

The plot revolves around the political turmoil after the John F. Kennedy assassination in 1963. In the novel, a fictitious charismatic character, John Thatch, an engineer, is seeking nomination for the Republican
Party candidate at 1964 presidential elections. He is described as being contaminated with the "political virus". A handful of political professionals are promoting his nomination, in confrontation with the Party establishment. There exist apparent parallels between Thatch and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., a write-in hero at New Hampshire primary.

The novel criticizes the socio-political effects on society at large from the use of computers to run massive simulations, which predict the public reaction to certain (proposed) political moves before implementing them. Such simulations make it easy to manipulate the public consciousness.

The "480" in the title denotes the number of groups (by party affiliation, socioeconomic status, location, origin, etc.) that the computer simulation uses to classify the American electorate. The full list of these is reproduced in the Appendix, claimed by the author to be the true list used by the Simulmatics Corporation (real name) in Senator John F. Kennedy's Presidential campaign in 1960. The cover features an IBM 5081 punched card.

The Simulmatics Corporation was created by MIT Professor Ithiel de Sola Pool, who provided a non-fiction backup to "The 480" in "Candidates, Issues, and Strategies: A Computer Simulation of the 1960 Presidential Election," MIT Press, 1964 (with co-authors Robert P. Abelson and Samuel L. Popkin). They built their model from 130,000 archived interviews in Gallup and Roper polls over a ten-year period. Based on its output, they advised Kennedy that he would benefit from a strong civil rights stand and that he had nothing to lose, and much to gain, by attacking religious bigotry and dealing frankly with his Catholicism.

The 480 has been cited as prefiguring the effect of modern social media and data gathering on politics.

References

1964 American novels
Novels about elections
1964 United States presidential election
McGraw-Hill books

The 480


Robert Stanley Goralski (January 2, 1928 – March 23, 1988) was a United States news correspondent for NBC News for 15 years in the 1960s and 1970s during a 35-year career in communications.

Biography
Robert Goralski was born in Chicago, Illinois, on January 2, 1928. He served in the United States Navy during World War II in Pacific shipboard service as a Quartermaster aboard USS Sanctuary.  He was later recalled up to serve in the Navy during the Korean War. He completed his undergraduate education at the University of Illinois, graduating in 1949 with a Bachelor of Science in Journalism and Political Science.

Journalism career
From 1947 to 1951 he was a full-time news broadcaster at WDWS, Champaign, Illinois, in his student years, becoming news director after graduation. He married the former Margaret Walton, originally of Wilton Junction, Iowa, and later of Silvis, Illinois, in 1948. They met at the University of Illinois-Urbana. As a Naval Reservist, he was recalled to duty during the Korean War, serving as a combat correspondent. After leaving the naval service, he continued his journalism career.

From 1952 to 1956 Goralski worked with Radio Free Asia at Tokyo, Japan, Karachi, Pakistan, and New Delhi, India. He produced, wrote and narrated the series "The Voice of Asia." From 1956 to 1961, Goralski moved to the Voice of America, in Washington, D.C., where he supervised broadcasts as English editor for Asia and Chief of the Burmese Service. He also oversaw production and programming, broadcast and wrote commentaries and feature programs for other services. He also had temporary assignments abroad, primarily in Asia.

NBC News
From 1961 to 1975, Goralski was a television and radio correspondent with NBC News. He served for extended periods as White House, State Department, Pentagon and Energy correspondents. As a White House correspondent, Goralski anchored coverage of John F. Kennedy's funeral for NBC.

In the mid-1960s, Goralski shifted to covering the Pentagon, and spent two years total in Southeast Asia, covering the war in Vietnam. On June 5, 1967, Goralski was one of seven American newsmen from the wire services, the three major American television networks and several individual newspapers across the United States that flew on board the aircraft carrier USS America in the Mediterranean. These seven were soon joined by others, 29 in all including media representatives from England, Greece, and West Germany.  At night, Goralski of NBC News and Bill Gill of ABC News teamed up to present the "Gill-Goralski Report" on the shipboard television station, WAMR-TV, a half-hour on the latest developments in the Mideast and around the world.

In the mid-1970s he was back in Washington, D.C., and covered the Watergate hearings for NBC. In one notable instance, the hearings broke for a fifteen-minute pause that actually lasted over an hour. Goralski, live on national feed, had to essentially retell the entire history of the political break-in at the Watergate complex that led up to the hearings in order to fill up the air during the unexpectedly long recess.  Goralski also covered the My Lai massacres trial of Lt. William Calley. Due to his coverage of the original incident, he was called as a witness during the proceedings. He also reported stories breaking from the Middle East, Laos, the Dominican Republic and sites of international conferences.

After NBC
In 1975, Goralski left broadcasting and accepted a position as Director of Information for Gulf Oil Corporation. There he developed and directed corporate communications at the national and local level and served as a spokesman on public affairs issues. In an article in The Washington Post, published February 10, 1978, about political fundraising through political action committees, it was reported that "Not all special-interest groups are willing participants, however, Gulf Oil Corp., whose political gifts practices caused an international scandal a few years ago, steers clear of fundraisers and requests for funds as official corporate policy.

"'We avoid them like the plaque,[sic]' says Robert Goralski, director of Gulf's public relations."

From 1983 until his death in 1988, he was a self-employed author, lecturer and consultant. In 1981, Goralski published the "World War II Almanac, 1931-1945", (G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, ) which went through several printings. Other publications include "Press Follies", a collection of journalistic goofs and gaffes, published by I.I.S. Books in 1983, and "Oil and War" with Russell Freeburg (William Morrow & Company) in 1987. Goralski also wrote the introduction to "The CBS Benjamin Report", published by the Media Institute in 1984, contributed a portion of "The Best of Emphasis" (Newman Press) in 1968, and the annual section on Vietnam for Yearbooks of the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1966-1975 editions.

Death

Goralski died of cancer in McLean, Virginia on March 23, 1988, at the age of 60. He is interred at Arlington National Cemetery. Goralski was recognized by the Columbia School of Journalism and the American Television Academy for his news reporting.

Goralski is survived by his three children, Douglas, Dorothy, and Katherine. His wife, Margaret, who served on the Board of Directors at the Claude Moore Colonial Farm in Langley, Virginia, died after a long illness on January 26, 2013. She was 84.

See also
 Russell Freeburg

Notes

References

Goralski, Robert, Resume, NBC biographical materials, courtesy of his wife, Margaret.

1928 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male journalists
American television reporters and correspondents
United States Navy sailors
American radio reporters and correspondents
American war correspondents
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
NBC News people
Deaths from cancer in Virginia
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
20th-century American male writers

Robert Goralski


A&M Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group which operates through the Interscope-Geffen-A&M division. It was set up in 1962.

History
A&M Records was started by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss. They made 2 records under the name "Carnival Records." Finding the name Carnival was already being used, they changed the name to A&M, after their names, Alpert and Moss. From 1966 to 1999, the company's office was on the grounds of the historic Charlie Chaplin Studio at 1416 N. La Brea Avenue, near Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.

Pop music
In 1960s and 1970s, A&M was among the leading labels for 'light' pop music. Acts they recorded included:
Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass
Baja Marimba Band
Burt Bacharach
Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66
We Five
The Carpenters
Chris Montez
Captain and Tennille
Quincy Jones
Paul Williams
Joan Baez
Phil Ochs
Gene Clark

In 1971 piano player Billy Preston who joined the label and brought success in R&B and funk music. The Carpenters are label's most successful act of the 1970s having sold more than 100 million albums worldwide.

British acts
At the end of the 1960s, A&M added British musicians to the label. These included:
Joe Cocker
Procol Harum
Fairport Convention
Free
The Move
Spooky Tooth.

1970's
In the 1970s, A&M made an agreement with Ode Records. They released albums for:
Carole King
Hummingbird
Cheech and Chong

Other famous acts with A&M reords in the 1970s included:
Nazareth
Y&T
The Tubes
Styx
Supertramp
Rick Wakeman
Squeeze
Peter Frampton.

A&M in England, Europe and Canada
A&M records were first sold in the United Kingdom by EMI's Stateside Records label. It then sold records under the A&M name with Pye Records until 1967. A&M Records, Ltd. was started in 1970. A&M Records of Canada, Ltd. was also formed in 1970, and A&M Records of Europe in 1977.

In the 1970s, A&M saw potential in English punk music and on March 10, 1977 signed the Sex Pistols after the band had been dropped by EMI. However, A&M themselves sacked the band within a week.

Success
Within 10 years of starting, A&M became the world's largest independent record company. In 1979, A&M made an agreement with RCA Records (which later became BMG) to distribute its records in the US, and with CBS Records in many other countries.

A&M's success continued in the 1980s with acts that included:
Falco
Janet Jackson
Atlantic Starr
The Police
Suzanne Vega
Oingo Boingo
Annabel Lamb
Bryan Adams
Joe Jackson
Scottish rock band Gun.

Other labels
Over the years, A&M has a made its own special labels:
Almo International for middle of the road
Omen Records (1964–1966) for soul
Horizon Records for jazz (1974–1978)
AyM Discos for Latin American
Vendetta Records for dance music
Tuff Break Records for hip-hop music

References

American record labels
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
1962 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California

A&M Records


Wild Reeds () is a 1994 French drama film directed by André Téchiné about the sexual awakening of four teenagers and their subsequent sensitive passage into adulthood at the end of the Algerian War. The film was selected as the French entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but not nominated.

Plot
The film is set in southwest France in 1962. François (Gaël Morel), a shy young man from the lower middle class, is working towards his high school diploma. He spends most of his time talking about movies and literature with his best friend, Maïté (Élodie Bouchez), whose mother Mme Alvarez (Michèle Moretti) is François's French teacher. Mme Alvarez and Maïté are communists. At the boarding school, François becomes acquainted with Serge (Stéphane Rideau), the sensual son of immigrant farmers. At night, he joins François in the dormitory to chat. Finally, Serge draws François into an erotic relationship.

François discovers his homosexuality and develops a deep attraction for Serge, who has only acted out of curiosity. François confides this discovery to Maïté, who swallows her disappointment and encourages him to come out of the closet. When Serge becomes increasingly interested in Maïté, she declares herself to be interested in nobody.

Serge's brother Pierre dies while serving in the army in Algeria, and Maïté's mother suffers a nervous breakdown, having previously refused to help Pierre desert. An Algerian-born French exile, Henri (Frédéric Gorny), enrolls in the boys' boarding school and aggravates their conflicts, adding a political conflict. He is obsessed with events in Algeria and supports the OAS, which opposes Algerian independence and defends the rights of French settlers there. He treats François without sympathy and bluntly tells him to own up to his homosexuality. His political stance provokes Serge's hatred. Henri finally engages Maïté, his political opposite, and they yield to their mutual attraction.

Each member of the quartet develops in the course of the film, shifting repeatedly from stubborn positions to more flexible appreciations of their circumstances, explained in French class by a reading of "The Oak and the Reed", one of La Fontaine's Fables.

Cast
 Élodie Bouchez as Maïté Alvarez
 Gaël Morel as François Forestier
 Stéphane Rideau as Serge Bartolo
 Frédéric Gorny as Henri Mariani
 Michèle Moretti as Madame Alvarez
 Jacques Nolot as Monsieur Morelli
 Eric Kreikenmayer as Pierre Bartolo, the Groom
 Nathalie Vignes as Irène, the Bride
 Michel Ruhl as Monsieur Cassagne
 Fatia Maite as Aicha Morelli

Production
The project was first conceived as part of a television film series dealing with adolescence, Tous les garçons et les filles de leurs âges, entitled Le chêne et le roseau (The Oak and the Reed), which made up the first 55 minutes of Wild Reeds. But after completing the script, Téchiné decided to make it a full theatrical release. Based on his own life story, it is his biggest personal success in France and his most intimate film.

It is one of limited number of films on the politically delicate subject of the Algerian War. They include The Little Soldier (1963), Avoir vingt ans dans les Aurès (1972), and La Question (1977).

Music
 "Barbara Ann" – The Beach Boys
 Adagio for Strings – Samuel Barber
 Wo die Zitronen blühen & Frühlingsstimmen – Johann Strauss II
 "Runaway" – Del Shannon
 "Let's Twist Again" – Chubby Checker
 "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" – The Platters
 "Soave sia il vento" (from Così fan tutte) - Mozart

Reception

Critical response
Wild Reeds has an approval rating of 100% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 10 reviews, and an average rating of 8.2/10. Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 83 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

Box office
In France the film received limited release, playing at a total of 40 cinemas and opening in second place at the French box office gaining 37,688 admissions its opening weekend. In total the film had 589,301 admissions in France and was the 51st highest-grossing film of the year. The film opened on one screen in Montreal, Canada on 18 November 1994 and grossed $7,000 in its opening weekend. It was released in the United States on May 10, 1995 grossing $38,192 in 7 theaters, eventually grossing a total of $917,915 in the United States.

Accolades

At the 1995 César Awards, Les Roseaux Sauvages won Best Film, Best Director (André Téchiné), Most Promising Young Actress (Élodie Bouchez) and Best Original Screenplay.

César Awards (France)
Won: Best Director (André Téchiné)
Won: Best Film
Won: Best Writing (Olivier Massart, Gilles Taurand and André Téchiné)
Won: Most Promising Actress (Élodie Bouchez)
Nominated: Best Supporting Actress (Michèle Moretti)
Nominated: Most Promising Actor (Frédéric Gorny)
Nominated: Most Promising Actor (Gaël Morel)
Nominated: Most Promising Actor (Stéphane Rideau)
Un Certain Regard, Cannes Film Festival (France)
Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics (USA)
Won: Best Foreign Language Film
National Society of Film Critics (USA)
Won: Best Foreign Language Film
New York Film Critics (USA)
Won: Best Foreign Language Film
Won: Louis Delluc Prize

See also
 List of submissions to the 67th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of French submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links
 Wild Reeds at FilmsDeFrance.com

1994 films
Films directed by André Téchiné
French coming-of-age drama films
1990s French-language films
French LGBT-related films
Gay-related films
1994 LGBT-related films
Films set in 1962
Louis Delluc Prize winners
Films produced by Alain Sarde
Juvenile sexuality in films
1990s coming-of-age drama films
Best Film César Award winners
Films whose director won the Best Director César Award
1994 drama films
1990s French films

Wild Reeds


Petrus was the third archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, between 1187 and 1197.

He was ordained by the mighty Danish archbishop Absalon in Lund, the primate of Sweden at that time. When Sweden got a new king, Sverker, who was related to the Danish Royal Court, Absalon extended his authority over Sweden. When Petrus in 1196 elected three bishops, Absalon requested the Pope to interact since the bishops were the sons of other priests, and this was not allowed according to Canon law. He also mentioned that several Swedish bishops refused to travel to Absalon's synods. Absalon was an authoritative person whom the Pope entrusted and gave him right, but by this time Petrus had already died.

References
 Svea Rikes Ärkebiskopar, 1935.

See also
 Archbishop of Uppsala

Roman Catholic archbishops of Uppsala
12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Sweden
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing

Petrus (archbishop of Uppsala)


Andrew Chrysoberges, also called Andrew of Rhodes or Andrew of Colossus (died 1440), was a Greek Dominican prelate and theologian.

He was Greek by birth, and born to Eastern Orthodox parents. In early youth he had no opportunities for education, but afterwards devoted himself to Latin and Greek, and to theology, especially the questions in dispute between the Latin and Greek Churches. The study of the early Fathers, both Greek and Latin, convinced him that in the disputed points, truth was on the side of the Latin Church. He therefore converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism, made a profession of faith, and entered the Dominican Order about the time of the Western Schism. He led thenceforth an apostolic life.

He was especially earnest in his efforts to induce other Eastern Orthodox to follow in his footsteps and convert to Catholicism. In 1413 he was made Archbishop of Rhodes. The Dominican biographer, Jacques Échard, credits him with having taken an active part in the twentieth session of the Council of Constance (1414–18). Others maintain that there is here a confusion with Andrew of Colaczy, in Hungary.

At the Council of Basle, he delivered an oration in the name of the Pope (Mansi, XXIX, 468–481). He took part in the Council of Ferrara-Florence, and was one of the six theologians appointed by the papal legate, Cardinal Julian Cesarini, to reply to the objections of the Greeks. He argued that it was fully within the province of the Church to add the Filioque clause to the Creed, and that the Greek Fathers had been of the same opinion.

After the close of the Council, trouble arose between the Latins and Greeks in Cyprus; the latter accused the former of refusing to hold communion with them. Andrew was sent thither by Pope Eugene IV, and succeeded in establishing peace. He also succeeded in overcoming the local forms of the Nestorian, Eutychian, and Monothelite heresies. The heretical bishops abjured and made a profession of faith at a synod held at Nicosia; some of the prelates went afterwards to Rome to renew their profession before the Holy See.

There are preserved in the Vatican manuscript copies of his treatise on the divine essence and operation, compiled from the commentaries of St. Thomas Aquinas, and addressed to Cardinal Bessarion also a little work in the form of a dialogue in reply to a letter of Mark of Ephesus against the rites and ceremonies of the Roman Church (Patrologia Graeca, CL, 862).

References
Quétif and Échard, SS. Ord. Praed, I, 801
Hefele, Concilieng., VII, 472, 681, et al.
Schmidt in Kirchenlexikon I, 835
Antoine Touron, Hommes ill. de l'ordre de S. Dominique, s.v.
Hugo von Hurter, Nomenclator (2d ed.), II, 821
Bzovius, Ann. Eccl. ad an, 1438, x 8
Joseph Hergenröther (ed.) The Mystagogia of Photius, 146 sqq.

Attribution

1440 deaths
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy
Former Greek Orthodox Christians
Greek Dominicans
Greek theologians
Year of birth unknown
15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Cyprus
People from Constantinople

Andrew of Rhodes


Miao Xiaochun (, born 1964, in Wuxi, Jiangsu, China) is an artist and photographer based in Beijing.

Life
Miao Xiaochun was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. In 1986 he received his bachelor's degree and graduated from Nanjing University. In 1989 Miao graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, China and from Kassel Academy of Fine Arts in Germany in 1999 for two master's degrees. Until now he is teaching Art Photography and Digital Media at the Central Academy of Fine Arts.

He is best known for his large scale photographs, often assembled panoramas, of modern Chinese cityscapes. His signature element is the presence of "He", a figure in ancient Chinese scholar costume. Other works include computer graphics installations such as The Last Judgement in Cyberspace, a 3D monochrome reworking of Michelangelo's The Last Judgment from the Sistine Chapel replacing every figure with a virtual model of Miao himself.

Miao Xiaochun is considered one of the most representative and influential artists In the domain of China's new media art. He started in 90s his creative explorations on the interface between the real and the virtual. His extensive body of work includes photography, painting and 3D computer animation which are parallel to each other.  He works in contemporary photography based on the "multiple view point" perspective to pioneer connections between history and the modern world.

Miao Xiaochun successfully uses 3D technology to create upon a 2D image a virtual 3D scene, to transform a still canvas into moving images, concurrently changing the traditional way of viewing paintings and giving a completely new interpretation and significance to a masterpiece of art, especially with the striking use of his idiosyncratic imagination about history and the future. His works add an important example to contemporary negotiations with art history, and open up new potential for art as he experiments with new possibilities, taking a step forward into new potential spheres.

His photographic and 3D animation works such as The Last Judgment in Cyberspace, H2O, Microcosm, Restart and Disillusion as well as his digital ink painting series "Beijing Handscroll"are worldwide exhibited.

2011

Out of Body, White Box Museum of Art, 798 Beijing;

Beijing Handscrolls, Guardini Foundation, Berlin, Germany;

MIAO XIAOCHUN, Galeria Arsenał w Białymstoku, Poland

2010

Macromania, Ludwig Museum, Koblenz, Germany;

Miao Xiaochun—Two Big Video Works, Today Art Museum, Beijing;

Recent Works by Miao Xiaochun, Arario Gallery, Seoul

2009

Index, White Space Beijing and Alexander Ochs Galleries Berlin|Beijing, Beijing;

Microcosm, Arario Gallery, Beijing-New York

2008

The Last Judgment in Cyberspace, Museum of Contemporary Religious Art, St. Louis, MO, USA

2007

The Last Judgment in Cyberspace, Contemporary Art Centre of South Australia, Australia;

H2O—A Study of Art History, Osage Contemporary Art and Ideas, Hong Kong

2006

Urban Landscape, John Hope Franklin Centre of Duke University, USA;

A Birdview, Zhu Qizhan Art Museum, Shanghai, China;

The Last Judgment in Cyberspace, Walsh Gallery, Chicago

2004

Phantasmagoria—Photographs by Miao Xiaochun, Walsh Gallery, Chicago

2002

Linger, Galerie Urs Meile, Lucerne, Switzerland

2001

From East to West and Back to East, Museum of CAFA, Beijing, China

1999

Kulturbegegnungen, Galerie Stellwerk, Kassel

1994

Miao Xiaochun, Beijing Art Museum and Shanghai Art Museum

1992

Miao Xiaochun, National Museum of Chinese History, Beijing

1991

Miao Xiaochun: Recents Works, Beijing Art Museum

1988

Miao Xiaochun's Paintings, Gallery of CAFA, Beijing

Group exhibitions
2013

55th Venice Biennale, The Chinese Pavilion, Venice, Italy

Move on Asia-Video Art 2002 to 2012, ZKM, Karlshure, Germany

Nothing to declare? – World Maps of Art since 89, Academy of the Arts Berlin, Germany

2012

The World of Soul: As Virtual Artistic Engineering, First Shenzhen Independent Animation Biennale, B10 Art Center, Shenzhen

The 7th Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art- Mountains and Waters: Chinese Animation Since the 1930s, Queensland Art Gallery l Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australia

Conceptual Renewal – Short History of Chinese Contemporary Photographical Art, Si Shang Art Museum, Beijing

Chinese Contemporary Public Art, Kassel, Germany

The Unseen, Main Exhibition of The 4th Guangzhou Triennial, Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, China

Transformation: A View on Chinese Contemporary Art, Istanbul Modern, Istanbul, Turkey

Architecture China-The 100 Contemporary Projects, Reiss-EngelhornMuseen(REM), Mannheim, Germany

Go figure! Contemporary Chinese Portraiture, National Portrait Gallery and The Sherman Contemporary Art Foundation, Canberra and Sydney, Australia

Height, The First Xinjiang Contemporary Art Biennale, Ürümqi International Exhibition Center

Whatever You Want—New Media Show, Kara Kitchen, Beijing, China

ARSENALE 2012, The 1st Kyiv International Biennial of Contemporary Art, Kyiv, Ukraine

Photo España—Image Anxiety, Fundación Telefónica, Madrid, Spain

Future Pass, Wereldmuseum, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, Taichung, Taiwan; Today Art Museum, Beijing, China

Beijing Index, Digital Art Museum, Art Beijing 2012

2011

The Global Contemporary. Kunstwelten nach 1989(Art Worlds after 1989), ZKM, Germany

The 54th Venice Biennale—Future Pass, Venice, Italy

Limitless, Arario Gallery, Beijing

New Horizon—Contemporary Chinese Art, The National Museum of Australia, Canberra, Australia

Meta-Question Back to The Museum Per Se, Inauguration Exhibition of The 4th Guangzhou Triennial, Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, China

30 Years of Contemporary Chinese Art—Moving image in China 1988-2011, Minsheng Art Museum, Shanghai

Spectrum, Chinese Independent Animation, A4 Contemporary Arts Center, Chengdu, China

Verso Est. Chinese Architectural Landscapes, MAXXI, Rome, Italy

Representation of Realistic Art—The 5th Chengdu Biennale 2011, Chengdu Contemporary Art Museum, Chengdu, China

Move on Asia - The End of Video Art, Casa Asia, Barcelona, Spain

New Age, New Media, exhibition tour in Ten Cities of China and Australia

"Dual senses" and "Dynamic views"— Contemporary Art Exhibition across the Taiwan Straits of 2011, NAMOC, Beijing; Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts(TMOA)

A Decade of the Rabbit, White Rabbit Museum, Sydney, Australia
Magic Spaces, Today Art Museum, Beijing, China

2010

A Fresh Look at Chinese Landscapes, Galerie Moderne Chinesische Malerei des Museums für Asiatische Kunst, Berlin, Germany

Mediators, The National Museum in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Negotiations—The Second Today's Documents, Today Art Museum, Beijing, China

Made in Korea, China and Japan(Made in Pop Land), National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea

Reshaping History—Chinart from 2000-2009, National Conference Center, Beijing, China

DIGIFESTA—Speed of Earth '2010 km/second, see', Gwangju Museum of Art, Korea

2009

Beijing Time, Casa Asia, Matadero Madrid; Santiago Art Museum, Spain

Guangzhou Photo Biennial, Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, China

Animamix Biennial: Metaphors of Un/real, MoCa Shanghai, China

Open Vision—Chinese Contemporary Art, Czech National Gallery, Prague

Next Nature, National Gallery of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Vistas | Vision of U-City, Incheon International Digital Art Festival, Incheon, Korea

Nature | Nation, Museum on the Seam | Social-Political Contemporary Art Museum, Jerusalem, Israel

The Dream Machine, The Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Spectacle—to Each His Own, Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei

2008

Images in the night, Le Grand Palais, Paris, France

Expenditure, Busan Biennale, Busan MoMA, Korea

Up: Chinese Contemporary Art, Singapore Art Museum

Mediations, Poznan Biennale, Poland

China: Construction—Deconstruction, Museu de Arte de São Paulo, Brazil

Go China—New World Order, Present day Installation Art and Photography, Groninger Museum, Groningen, the Netherlands

Re-Imagining Asia, The House of World Cultures, Berlin, Germany; The New Art Gallery Walsall, Walsall, UK

China Design Now, 2008-2010, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK; Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio, USA; Portland Museum of Art, Oregon, USA

China Gold, Museum Maillol, Paris, France

Synthetic Times: Media Art China 2008—International Media Art Exhibition, National Art Museum of China, Beijing

55 Days in Valencia, Institut Valencia d'Art Modern, Spain

2007

China—Facing Reality, Museum of Modern Art Ludwig Foundation Vienna, Austria; National Art Museum of China, Beijing

China Now, Cobra Museum of Modern Art, Amstelveen, the Netherlands

Energy: Spirit • Body • Material—1st Today's Documents, Today Art Museum, Beijing

Red Hot: Contemporary Asian Art Rising, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, USA

Floating—New Generation of Art in China, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea

Thermocline of Art-New Asian Waves, ZKM Karlsruhe, Germany

New Directions from China: China New Media Art, Plug.in, Basel, Switzerland

Contemporary Photography from China. Zhuyi! China!, ARTIUM, Centro-Museo Vasco de Arte Contemporaneo; Palau de la Virreina, Barcelona, Spain

Made in China, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Denmark; Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel

2006

Media City Seoul 2006, The 4th Seoul International Media Art Biennale, Korea

SUSI: Key to Chinese Art Today, Metropolitan Museum, Manila, the Philippines

China now—Art at a time of transformation, Essl Museum, Austria
Totalstadt: Beijing case, ZKM Karlsruhe, Germany

New Urban Reality: Chinese Contemporary Art, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

2005

Scapes: The Century and Paradise, 2nd Chengdu Biennale, China

Mahjong—Contemporary Chinese Art from the Sigg Collection, 2005-2009, Art Museum Bern, Switzerland; Hamburger Kunsthalle, Germany; Museum der Moderne Salzburg, Austria;UC Berkeley Art Museum & Pacific Film Archive(BAM & PFA), Berkeley, California, USA; The Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, USA

Re-Viewing the City, Guangzhou Photo Biennial, Guangdong Museum of Art, China

2004

Between Past and Future—New Photography and Video from China, 2004-2006, International Center of Photography and Asia Society, New York, USA; Smart Museum of Art and Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, USA; Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, USA; Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK; Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany

Spellbound Aura—The new vision of Chinese Photography, Museum of
Contemporary Art, Taipei

2003

Me and More, Museum of Art Lucerne, Switzerland

Encounter, Museum of CAFA, Beijing; Liu Haisu Museum, Shanghai, China

Left hand, right handA Sino German Exhibition of Contemporary Art, 798 Art Space, Beijing, China

2002

Urban Creation, The 4th Shanghai Biennale 2002, Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai, China

Media City Seoul 2002, The 2nd Seoul International Media Art Biennale, Korea

China—Tradition and Modern, Ludwig Museum, Oberhausen, Germany

Golden Harvest—Chinese Contemporary Art, Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb, Croatia

1991

The First Annual Exhibition of Chinese Oil Paintings, The National Museum of Chinese History, Beijing, China

References

External links
, Miao Xiaochun Studio]
Miao Xiaochun, Saatchi Gallery]
Miao Xiaochun at 88MoCCA - The Museum of Chinese contemporary art on the web
Miao Xiaochun, F2 Gallery
Miao Xiaochun, Walsh Gallery
Miao Xiaochun, Alexander Ochs Galleries
 "Miao Xiaochun at Eli Klein Fine Art"

Living people
1964 births
Chinese photographers
Central Academy of Fine Arts alumni
Artists from Wuxi

Miao Xiaochun


Tooth Protectors is a rare video game for the Atari 2600 video game console. It was released exclusively via mail order in 1983 by American pharmaceutical and consumer goods manufacturer Johnson & Johnson.

Background
Released in 1983, Tooth Protectors is one of the earliest "advergames" or "promogames" – games with overt tie-ins to retail products – and one of several released that year for the Atari 2600 platform (others included M Network's Kool-Aid Man and Purina's Chase the Chuck Wagon.) Commissioned by Johnson & Johnson and developed by DSD/Camelot, it was the only game released for the Atari 2600 by either company.

The game was never given a traditional retail release, but was instead available exclusively to Johnson & Johnson customers who mailed in proof of purchase stamps to the company. Today it is considered rare and valuable; the game received a rating of 9 ("Extremely Rare") from the Atari Age rarity guide.

Gameplay

The gameplay is similar to that of Activision's Kaboom!, in which the player must prevent objects dropping from the top of the screen from reaching the bottom by positioning their character directly under the falling objects. In Tooth Protectors, the objects are small "snack" squares dropped by the "Snack Attacker", a menacing-looking face that moves horizontally along the top of the screen. The player's character is a small smiling face carrying a strand of dental floss above its head. The player must prevent the snack squares from reaching the row of white teeth along the bottom of the screen; repeated hits by the snacks cause the teeth to blink and disappear from tooth decay.

Occasionally the Snack Attacker will dive from the top of the screen in an attempt to grab the player; the player loses a turn if the Snack Attacker succeeds. If teeth begin to decay, the player can press the joystick's fire button to call in the "Tooth Protectors": an orange toothbrush, green box of dental floss and purple dental rinse bottle move across the teeth, brushing, flossing and rinsing them.

The instruction manual included with the game ends by presenting "The Real Tooth Protectors": advertisements for Johnson & Johnson-branded toothbrushes, dental floss and dental rinse.

References

1983 video games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600-only games
Action games
Advergames
Johnson & Johnson
Media about oral hygiene
Video game clones
Video games about food and drink
Video games developed in the United States

Tooth Protectors


Closeburn Castle is a privately owned tower house, probably of the 14th century, but possibly older, and is one of the oldest continually inhabited houses in Scotland. The castle is located 1 km east of the village of Closeburn, in the historical county of Dumfriesshire, 2 km south-east of Thornhill, in Dumfries and Galloway,  Scotland.

History
The Kirkpatrick family was confirmed in their lands of Closeburn in 1232 by Alexander II. The tower house was probably built in the late 14th century, although some sources give a date as early as 1180 or as late as 1420. Sir Roger de Kirkpatrick was with Robert the Bruce at Dumfries in 1306, and assisted in the murder of John "the Red" Comyn. His son, also Sir Roger, commanded a force which recaptured Caerlaverock and Dalswinton castles from the English in 1355. He was then murdered by Sir James Lindsay at Caerlaverock in 1357.

In 1685 the Kirkpatricks' loyalty to Charles I was rewarded with a baronetcy. In the 17th century the Kirkpatricks moved out of Closeburn to an adjacent, newly built manor house. However, this burned down in 1748, with the castle sustaining some damage. Renovations were made to the castle, and the family moved back in. The Kirkpatrick family finally sold Closeburn in 1783 to a local minister, James Stewart-Menteith. It has since changed hands several times, but is still occupied as a dwelling house.

The Castle

The original tower house was built on a promontory in a now drained loch. It was surrounded by a timber palisade, and later, a stone walled barmkin, or defensive courtyard, with round towers at the corners. The tower is approximately 14.5 m by 10.5 m, and rises 15 m to a flush parapet. Inside, a vaulted basement incorporated a prison. A hall above is also vaulted, with a third vault at roof level enclosing three upper storeys. The first-floor entrance to the tower still retains its iron yett, a defensive gate of metal bars.

The barmkin was presumably demolished to make way for the 17th century manor. When the family returned to the tower in the mid 18th century, the upper chambers were subdivided, and windows were enlarged to improve the standard of accommodation. The crenellations were added to the parapet around this time. Further renovations were carried out in the 19th century; a single storey extension was added to the south west, and a red sandstone porch was added to the north side after 1856. It is possible that the architect David Bryce was responsible for the additions.

References
Coventry, Martin The Castles of Scotland (3rd Edition), Goblinshead, 2001
Gifford, John The Buildings of Scotland: Dumfries and Galloway, Penguin, 1996
Hume, John R. Dumfries and Galloway, an Illustrated Architectural Guide, Rutland Press, 2000
Lindsay, Maurice The Castles of Scotland, Constable & Co. 1986

National Monuments Record of Scotland, Site Reference NX99SW 3.00

Castles in Dumfries and Galloway
Category B listed buildings in Dumfries and Galloway
Listed castles in Scotland

Closeburn Castle


Ronald Wallace (1911–2006) was a theologian and Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary. He was also a member of the Torrance family of theologians.

Career overview
 Brora, Minister without Charge
 1940 Minister, Pollock Church, Glasgow
 Church of Scotland's Huts and Canteens
 1951 Minister, St Kentigern's Church, Lanark
 1958 Minister, Lothian Road Church, Edinburgh
 1964 Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary, Decatur, Georgia
 1977 Near East School of Theology, Beirut

Education
His secondary education took place at the Royal High School. At sixteen he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh and studied a degree in civil engineering. He proceeded to the Faculty of Arts.  Studies in Divinity followed; he was a pupil of H.R. Mackintosh and William Manson.  While Minister of St Kentigern's in Lanark he gained his PhD on Calvin's Doctrine of the Word and Sacraments.

Family and theological connections
In July 1937 he married Mary Moulin Torrance, the sister of Thomas F. Torrance.  They had a son, David, and two daughters: Elizabeth and Heather.  Wallace's nephews include theologians Iain Torrance and Alan Torrance; moreover, his son-in-law George Newlands is also an academic theologian.

Sources
Torrance, I.R. (1 March 2006) "Obituary: Professor Ronald Wallace" The Scotsman

1911 births
20th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Scottish scholars and academics
Scottish Christian theologians
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
2006 deaths
Columbia Theological Seminary faculty
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
People from Brora

Ronald Wallace


Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe-Ferdinand Celestin d'Espie de La Hire) (28 January 1878 – 5 September 1956) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels.

Adolphe d'Espie was born on 28 January 1878 in Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyrénées-Orientales. He was a scion of an old French noble family dating back the reign of Saint Louis, which gave the ancient city of Toulouse a Capitoul during the Middle Ages. He was a soldier during World War I. He died during 1956 at Nice as a result of a congestion of the lungs due to chronic pulmonary problems from having been gassed during that war.

At the age of twenty, the only son of the last Comte d'Espie chose the pseudonym "Jean de la Hire", clearly indicating the admiration he dedicated to La Hire, legendary comrade of Joan of Arc, claiming to be his descendant. As numerous young ambitious provinciaux eagerly wanting literary fame and fortune, he migrated to Paris with the support of his uncle, the then already famous sculptor Aristide Maillol. But his debuts were not very successful and, after he was not awarded the Prix Goncourt, he abandoned classic literature and decided to author more popular novels of the roman populaire genre.

During his lifetime, he authored more than 300 novels and short-stories, some published with more than 100,000 issues, the most popular being his super-science works - and among them the Nyctalope series. Most of them - mainly in the dime novel style: detective novels, adventures, romances, western stories, etc. - were published as series in popular newspapers, magazines and quarterlies.

Overview
Jean de La Hire is remembered nowadays mainly for having created one of the first literary superheroes of so-called pulp fiction: The Nyctalope, Leo Saint-Clair. A common mistake is to believe that The Nyctalope appeared first in L'Homme qui peut vivre dans l'eau (The Man Who Could Live Underwater) (1908). In fact, there is no Nyctalope in this book but a previous member of the Saint-Clair family, Jean, later identified in other books as Leo's father. The real Nyctalope appeared for the first time in Le Mystère des XV (1911) and continued to be published until the mid-1950s, when its books were reprinted by La Hire's son-in-law as rewritten editions.

The Nyctalope's adventures were of the science fiction style:
In Le Mystère des XV (The Mystery Of The XV) (1911), Oxus tried to conquer the planet Mars. In Lucifer (1920), the villainous Glo von Warteck tried to command the world using "Omega Rays" to enslave mankind. In Le Roi de la nuit [The King Of The Night] (1923), the Nyctalope flew to Rhea, an unknown satellite of Earth.

La Hire was also the author of La Roue Fulgurante (The Fiery Wheel)  (1908), a classic "space opera" in which five Earthmen are abducted in the eponymous "fiery wheel" (a flying saucer) and taken to Mercury by aliens who look like columns of light.

La Hire's other works included Le Corsaire sous-marin (The Underwater Corsair) (1912–13), a 79-issue feuilleton derivative of Jules Verne, Joe Rollon, l'autre homme invisible (Joe Rollon, The Other Invisible Man) (1919), a variation on H.G. Wells' story and Les Grandes Aventures d'un boy scout (The Great Adventures Of A Boy-Scout) (30 issues, 1926), a serial that features the adventures of boy scout Franc-Hardi in underground realms, other planets, etc.

In 1940 he published an anti-French and pro-Nazi volume, Le Crime des évacuations ; Les Horreurs que nous avons vues, in which he praised the Nazis for their helpfulness to the French war refugees. During the German occupation of France, he joined the National Popular Rally (RNP) and the Groupe Collaboration. After World War II, in 1948, he was convicted of indignité nationale as a collaborator with Nazi Germany.

References

Selected bibliography (excluding the Nyctalope)
 La Roue Fulgurante (The Fiery Wheel) (1908) (translated by Brian Stableford, , Black Coat Press, 2013)
 Le Corsaire Sous-Marin (The Underwater Corsair)  (79 issues, 1912–13)
 Au-Delà des Ténèbres (Beyond Darkness) (1916)
 Joe Rollon, l'Autre Homme Invisible (Joe Rollon, The Other Invisible Man) (written under the pseudonym of Edmond Cazal) (1919)
 Le Labyrinthe Rouge (The Red Labyrinth) (1920)
 Raca (1922)
 La Prisonnière du Dragon Rouge (The Prisoner Of The Red Dragon) (1923)
 Les Dompteurs de Forces (The Tamers Of Forces) (1924)
 La Captive du Soleil d'Or (The Captive Of The Golden Sun) (1926)
 Les Grandes Aventures d'un Boy Scout (The Great Adventures Of A Boy-Scout) (30 issues, 1926)
 Le Zankador (1927)
 Les Aventures de Paul Ardent (The Adventures Of Paul Ardent) (6 issues, 1927–28)
 Les Ravageurs du Monde (The Ravagers Of The World) (1929)
 L'Oeil de la Déesse (The Eye Of The Goddess) (1929)
 Le Roi des Catacombes (The King Of The Catacombs) (1929)
 Les Hommes Sans Yeux [The Eyeless Men] (1930)
 Le Cercueil de Nacre (The Mother-Of-Pearl Coffin) (1930)
 Kaitar (1930)
 Les Amazones (1930)
 Le Fils du Soleil (The Son Of The Sun) (1931)
 Sous l'Oeil de Dieu (Under God's Eye) (1932)
 Les Chasseurs de Mystères (The Hunters Of Mysteries) (1933)
 Le Secret des Torelwoch (The Secret Of Torelwoch) (1934)
 Le Maître du Monde (The Master Of The World) (1934)
 Le Regard Qui Tue (The Killing Eyes) (1934)
 La Mort de Sardanapale (1935)
 L'Énigme de l'Oeil Sanglant (The Mystery Of The Bloody Eye) (1935)
 Le Volcan Artificiel (The Artificial Volcano) (1936)
 Le Mort-Vivant (The Living Dead) (1936)
 L'Antre aux Cent Démons (The Lair Of A Hundred Demons) (1935)
 Les Envoûtées (The Spellbound) (1935)
 Le Démon de la Nuit (The Night Demon) (1937)
 Le Million des Scouts (22 issues, 1937–38)
 La Guerre! La Guerre! (War! War!) (written as Commandant Cazal) (5 issues, 1939)

External links

1878 births
1956 deaths
People from Pyrénées-Orientales
National Popular Rally politicians
Groupe Collaboration members
19th-century French novelists
20th-century French novelists
French science fiction writers
French male novelists
19th-century French male writers
20th-century French male writers
Writers from Occitania (administrative region)
French military personnel of World War I
People convicted of indignité nationale

Jean de La Hire


Gentbrugge is one of the 25 districts ("wijken") of the city of Ghent, Belgium in the Flemish Region. Gentbrugge, together with Oud Gentbrugge, had been a separate municipality before 1 January 1977, when it fused with Ghent.

Neighborhoods
The district of Gentbrugge itself has been divided in four neighborhoods: Dries, Sportplein, Coninxdonk and the rural area Zwarte Fles with a population of 3417, 3653, 268 and 6 respectively in 2008.

Demographic facts
 Between 1999 and 2008, the population grew by 2,1% as compared to 7,1 for Ghent entirely
 The average age is 9 to 42 years
 The number of non-Belgian inhabitants is with 3,7% lower than the average of Ghent (10,01%)

Gentbrugse Meersen
The Gentbrugse Meersen is a rural area of 270ha surrounded by urbanized Gentbrugge to the West, the Scheldt river in the East, and parted in the middle by the E17 freeway. It is being developed by the City of Ghent to an area for nature development/conservation and recreation.

It is home to the Gentbrugse Meersen Cricket club. In June 2022, it was announced that the venue would host the first two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches in June 2022, between Belgium and Malta.

Places of interest
 Rattendaelepark. A historical park, now for recreational use. From the Castle Vilain named after its first owner Albijn Vilain  (1619). Only a tower remains.
 The water tower, visible when entering Ghent by the E17 highway from Antwerp. Originally from 1937 and colorfully repainted in 1990 by the Ghent artist Chris Demangel.
 Gentbrugge used to host the stadium of the Belgian first league football club, KAA Gent, also known as La Gantoise. Now the football club resides over at the Ghelamco Arena in the city of Ghent.
 The St. Eligius Church near the Brusselsesteenweg. Originally neo-gothic from 1884, but expanded in art-deco style in 1937 by the architect W. Vandenbogaerde.
 The castle Coninxdonck, built in the 19th century to replace a medieval castle.
 The Administrative Center. An example of sixties functionalism designed by the Belgian architect Paul Felix in 1973.

Sports
Gentbrugge used to have the stadium (Jules Ottenstadion) of the First Class-team KAA Gent, also known as La Gantoise.
The final tribune of the stadium got demolished in June 2014. Since then, La Gantoise resides at the Ghelamco arena near the U.Z. clinic in Ghent. There are some tennis courts in Gentbrugge of a team which is also called La Gantoise, besides the hockey team.

There's also another football team in Ghent, which played its games in the Emanuel Hielstadium. This team was created on the 1 April 1899 when the teams Athletic Club Gantois, Sport Pédestre Gantois, and Football Club Gantois merged and became a member of the UBSSA as Racing Club de Gand. In the period before 2010, this team has changed its name after some later developments into KRC-Gent-Zeehaven and it plays its matches in Oostakker. The fields in Gentbrugge have accommodated athletics from 2010 in order to give a suitable training field to the Racing Club Gent for Athletics.

See also

 Zeeschelde

References

External links
Official site of the district Gentbrugge
Local activities and events
Site of Gentbugse Meersen nature conservation area
Artikel about the end of the football stadium in Gentbrugge

Sub-municipalities of Ghent
Populated places in East Flanders

Gentbrugge