Un Gancho Al Corazón (English title: A Blow to the Heart) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Angelli Nesma Medina for Televisa that aired from August 25, 2008, to June 26, 2009. It is based on the Argentine telenovela Sos mi vida. In the United States the telenovela aired on Univision from June 22, 2009, to May 3, 2010. Un gancho al corazón came out on DVD on October 5, 2010.

Danna García and Sebastián Rulli star in the lead roles, while Laisha Wilkins, Roberto Blandón, Agustín Arana and Macaria starred as antagonists. Raúl Araiza, Margarita Magaña and Ana Martin starred as stellar performances.

Plot
Valentina López is a young professional boxer known as "La Monita". Roberto "Beto" Ochoa is her trainer and boyfriend, who puts her under pressure to train and win so he can get money for himself and his mother, Nieves. Nieves raised "Monita" because her own mother, Isabel, abandoned her.

In another place within the city is an enterprise called Sermeño Group, a realty enterprise owned by Mauricio Sermeño, an ex-car racer who wants to retire and have a family. Mauricio is engaged to Constanza, a selfish and rude woman. Mauricio is convinced that Constanza is the love of his life, even though her foul attitude and bad manners bother him. After a hand injury, "Monita" decides to find a different job in order to sustain her lazy boyfriend and her "mother-in-law".  With the help of her best friends Estrella and Paula, she goes to an interview at Sermeño Group, and after an eventful day, is hired as a secretary. Mauricio is convinced that "Monita" is honest and warm hearted and is attracted to her personality. With each day they spend together, they begin to fall in love, but because they are both in relationships, they hide their feelings in order to not hurt their significant others, unaware of their actions and unequal disregard for their feelings.

Mauricio is sure he wants to have a family, so he adopts three orphans named Aldo, Luisa, and Danny. Mauricio's cousin, Jeronimo, and Constanza disapprove of his decision. They try to make Mauricio change his mind but he is adamant he wants the kids in his life and says he will not abandon them. The children like "Monita" because she is kind to them and treats them as if they were her own children. They all quickly establish a close friendship and this captivates Mauricio, seeing Valentina as a potential partner. Unlike Valentina, Constanza hates the children, and since she is not kind, the kids reciprocate her feelings toward them. Constanza, Jeronimo, and Óscar, an unloyal employee of Sermeño Group, join forces to split Mauricio, "Monita", and the kids apart.

Even though Valentina and Mauricio fall in love with each other, they do not act on their feelings. Beto starts to fight in lucha libre as "El Fantasma Vengador" in order to bring in income so that Valentina feels better about him. He and Constanza meet and have sex, later trying to keep it a secret from their significant others, especially after they realize that Mauricio and Valentina are in love with each other. They will do anything to keep them apart.

Cast

Main
 Danna García as Valentina López "La Monita"
 Sebastián Rulli as Mauricio Sermeño
 Raúl Araiza as Roberto "Beto" Ochoa
 Ana Martín as Nieves Ochoa
 Otto Sirgo as Salvador Ulloa
 Eugenia Cauduro as Gabriela "Gaby" Palacios
 Laisha Wilkins as Constanza "Conny" Lerdo de Tejada Moncada / "La Momia"
 Úrsula Prats as Jacqueline Moncada
 Eric del Castillo as Marcos Lerdo de Tejada

Also main

 Roberto Blandón as Óscar Cárdenas Villavicencio
 Agustín Arana as Jeronimo Sermeño
 Verónica Jaspeado as Ximena Sermeño de Klunder
 Alex Sirvent as Rolando Klunder
 Lorena Enríquez as Paula Méndez
 Pablo Valentín as Tano
 Irma Lozano as Teresa García
 Raúl Padilla "Chóforo" as Don César
 Raquel Pankowsky as Bernarda
 Susana Lozano as Lorenza de Ulloa
 Ricardo Fastlicht as Lic. Marcos Bonilla
 Alejandro de la Madrid as Ricardo
 Carlos Ignacio as Mario
 Edgardo Eliezer as El Costeño
 Manuel Ojeda as Don Hilario Ochoa
 Margarita Magaña as Estrella Falcón
 Raquel Morell as Gertrudis
 Vilmatraca as Dorita
 Malillany Marín as Anastasia
 Luis Gatica as El Colmillos
 José Luis Reséndez as Fausto Buenrostro
 Manuel "Flaco" Ibáñez as Dr. Lefort
 Karla Álvarez as Regina
 Norma Herrera as Alicia Rosales
 Macaria as Isabel López
 Xavier Ortiz as Lalo Mora
 Mike Biagio as Cristián Bermudez
 Ricardo Margaleff as Arnoldo Klunder
 Martha Ofelia Galindo as Bruja Bartola
 Jorge De Silva as El Lobo
 Luis Uribe as Jairo
 Jaime Lozano as Jimmy

Recurring

 Ricardo Abarca as Aldo Hernández / Aldo Sermeño Lerdo de Tejada
 Felipe Sánchez as Iván García
 Renata Notni as Luisa Hernández / Luisa Sermeño Lerdo de Tejada
 Nicole Casteele as Daniela "Danny" Hernández / Daniela "Danny" Sermeño Lerdo de Tejada
 Lucia Zerecero as Katia Lerdo de Tejada Moncada
 Aldo Gallardo as Hector

Guest stars
Mariana Juárez as herself
Ana María Torres as herself
Cibernético as himself

Production
Production officially began on July 28, 2008. To prepare for her role, Danna García received advice from several boxers like Jesús Martínez, Mariana Juárez and Ana María Torres.

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 at esmas.com

2008 telenovelas
2008 Mexican television series debuts
2009 Mexican television series endings
Television shows set in Mexico
Televisa telenovelas
Mexican television series based on Argentine television series
Spanish-language telenovelas

Un gancho al corazón


Videoplasty is the third home video by Primus, following 1993's Cheesy Home Video and the fan club exclusive Horrible Swill. Videoplasty was released at the end of 1998 to complement the band's recent covers EP Rhinoplasty, and is composed mostly of highlights from a live show performed on October 14 that year at The Phoenix Theater in Petaluma, California. This live footage is interspersed with montages of clips filmed during previous tours and at other recent shows, footage shot backstage and in the studio, animations by bassist Les Claypool, and the band's then-current music videos, spanning the previous two years back to the recording of the Brown Album and presented in approximate reverse-chronological order.

Track listing
"To Defy the Laws of Tradition"
"Groundhog's Day"
Rhinoplasty Recording Session
Sno-Core Tour Fall 1998
"Kalamazoo"
"Too Many Puppies" / "Hello Skinny"
In the Studio with the Dust Brothers for [the] Orgazmo Movie
Recording with Rick Rubin for [the] South Park Album
Primus and Spearhead [at the] Benefit for Calder Spanier
"Tommy the Cat" (partial) / Europe Summer 1997 / Australia Spring 1998
DJ Disk and Brain jam / "Tommy the Cat" (reprise)
The Pitfalls of Eating Your Own Genitalia (animation)
"Seas of Cheese" / "Over the Falls" (intro)
"Over the Falls" (music video) - Directed by Les Claypool
The Making of the "Over the Falls" Music Video
Primus Records with Tom Waits in 1997
"Bob's Party Time Lounge"
New Year's Eve Dec. 31, 1997
US Tour Fall 1997
"Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers"
The H.O.R.D.E. Tour Summer 1997
The Skeeter Drinks the Taboo Fluid and Enters the World of the Undead (animation)
"Shake Hands with Beef" (music video) - Directed by Les Claypool
The Making of [the] "Shake Hands with Beef" Video
The Making of the Brown Album
"Here Come the Bastards"
Credits
"The Devil Went Down to Georgia" (music video) - Directed by Mike Johnson

Notes
All songs written by Primus, except "Hello Skinny" by The Residents and "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" by the Charlie Daniels Band.
Calder Spanier was the saxophonist for Charlie Hunter's band. He was killed in a road accident in December, 1997.
The song seen being recorded with Tom Waits is a cover of Jack Kerouac's track "On the Road" for the compilation album Jack Kerouac Reads On the Road. It was also later included on Waits' collection Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards.
2003's Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People DVD includes the three music videos from Videoplasty together with the "Making of the Brown Album" segment.
Design by Zoltron

Personnel
Les Claypool - bass, vocals
Larry LaLonde - guitar
Bryan "Brain" Mantia - drums
DJ Disk - turntables on the DJ Disk and Brain jam / "Tommy the Cat" (reprise) and "Here Come the Bastards"
Buckethead - guitar on "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers", stage theatrics during the DJ Disk and Brain jam and "Here Come the Bastards"
"The Devil Went Down to Georgia" performed by Festus Clamrod and The El Sobrante Twangers
Les Claypool - vocals and bass
Larry LaLonde - banjo
Bryan "Brain" Mantia - drums
Mark "Mirv" Haggard - slide guitar and voice of Johnny
Bryan Kehoe - voice of the Devil
Violina Misteriosa - violin

References

Primus (band) video albums
1998 video albums
Interscope Records video albums
Prawn Song Records video albums

Videoplasty


Ehteshamuddin (born 4 September 1950) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in five Test matches from 1979 to 1982.

A right-arm medium paced bowler who relied on accuracy rather than pace, Ehteshamuddin toured India with the Pakistan side that played six Tests in 1979–80, and was picked for three of them, the first, fourth and sixth. India won the series 2–0, but Ehtesham did well, taking 14 wickets at an average of less than 20 runs per wicket. In the fourth Test at Kanpur, he took five first innings wickets for 47 runs, his best Test bowling performance, sharing all 10 wickets with Sikander Bakht. He later played one match in the home series against Australia in the same season.

Ehteshamuddin's last Test was as a last minute replacement at Headingley on the 1982 England tour.  He was playing club cricket for Daisy Hill in the Bolton Association league at the time and the Pakistan team was hard-hit by injuries. Ehteshamuddin looked unfit, and though he took the first England wicket to fall – Graeme Fowler – he bowled only 14 overs before suffering a hamstring injury and was not able to bowl again in the match. The game and the series was lost. He did not play Test cricket again. His batting was modest.

In recent years, Ehteshamuddin has been a Pakistan national cricket team selector.

References

External links

1950 births
Living people
Pakistan Test cricketers
Pakistani cricketers
Punjab University cricketers
Lahore Greens cricketers
Lahore A cricketers
Lahore cricketers
Pakistan International Airlines cricketers
National Bank of Pakistan cricketers
National Bank of Pakistan B cricketers
Punjab (Pakistan) cricketers
United Bank Limited cricketers
Cricketers from Lahore

Ehteshamuddin (cricketer)


Gawain Garth Fagan, CD (born 3 May 1940) is a Jamaican modern dance choreographer. He is the founder and artistic director of Garth Fagan Dance, a modern dance company based in Rochester, New York.

Biography

Early years
Fagan was born in Kingston, Jamaica to Oxford educated S.W. Fagan, former Chief Education Officer of Jamaica, and Louise I. Walker. It was a gymnastics class that initially drew his attention to dance early on. While attending Excelsior High school, he studied with Ivy Baxter at the Jamaica National Dance Company and performed at the inauguration of Cuban President Fidel Castro in 1959. Fagan was educated at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with sights on becoming a psychologist.

Career
Fagan worked at several dance companies in Detroit, and moved to Rochester New York in 1970, and there established his dance company originally named the "Bottom of the Bucket BUT ... Dance Theatre" in 1970.  He was a Professor, at State University of New York, Brockport starting in 1970. Fagan choreographed for the Dance Theatre of Harlem, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, and the Limón Dance Company in the 1970s.  He has studied the works of Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, Pearl Primus, Alvin Ailey, José Limón, and Katherine Dunham. He is also influenced by Caribbean and West African dances.

Fagan's choreography incorporates elements of modern dance, ballet, Afro-Caribbean dance, and social dance.  Many of his works are autobiographical or include themes of personal relevance.  His untitled 1977 work chronicles the dissolution of his marriage, showing a couple beginning a relationship with affection and passion but eventually drifting apart due to inevitable obstacles.  Griot New York, which premiered in 1991 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, is about the experiences of the underprivileged living in New York City.  The piece juxtaposes linear balletic movement with sharp angular gestures, twitching, and erotic partnering to represent the diversity and contrast found in big cities as well as conflict in his own life.  In Moth Dreams, choreographed in 1992, Fagan celebrates his childhood, adolescence, and relationship with his mother.

Personal life
Fagan resides in Rochester, New York, is now divorced, and has two children.

Stage productions

From Before (1978)
Oatka Trail (1979)
Prelude (1981, revised 1983)
Touring Jubilee 1924 (Professional) (1982)
Sonata and the Afternoon (1983)
Never Top 40 (Jukebox) (1985)
Passion Distanced (1987)
Time After Before Place (1988)
Until By & If (1990)
Griot New York (1991)
Moth Dreams (1992)
 Draft of Shadows (1993)
Prelude (1993)
 Postcards: Pressures and Possibilities (1994)
 Earth Eagle First Circle (1995)

 Mix 25 (1996)
 Nkanyit (1997)
 The Lion King (1997)
Two Pieces of One: Green (1998)
Woza (1999)
Trips and Trysts (2000)
Music of the Line/Words in the Shape (2001)
Translation Transition (2002)
DANCECOLLAGEFORROMIE (2003)
----ING (2004)
Life: Dark/Light (2005)
Senku (2006)
Edge/Joy (2007)
 Phone Tag Thanks and Things (2009)
  The North Star  (2018)
  coVid Virtue Victory  (2022)

Honours and awards
Fagan is a Distinguished University Professor at the State University of New York at Brockport. He has a Bachelor of Arts from Wayne State University, and earned a Doctor of Fine Arts from the University of Rochester in 1986, and holds honoris causa Doctors degrees from Juilliard School, Hobart College, William Smith College, and Nazareth College.

Fagan received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1998, and a three-year Choreography Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts. He was made Commander in the Order of Distinction of Jamaica in August 2001, and was presented the Prime Minister's Award by Jamaican Prime Minister P. J. Patterson .

In 2005 he received the Artist of the Year Award from the Arts & Cultural Council for Greater Rochester.

In 2012, Fagan was named one of America's Irreplaceable Dance Treasures by the Dance Heritage Coalition.

In 2021, Fagan was awarded the Eastman Luminary Award from the Eastman School of Music for his achievements in modern Dance

Awards
 1998 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreography – The Lion King
 1998 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Choreography – The Lion King
 1998 Tony Award for Best Choreography – The Lion King
 2000 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer – The Lion King
 2001 Samuel H. Scripps American Dance Festival Award – Lifetime Achievement
2021 Eastman Luminary Award - Lifetime Achievement

References

External links

 Garth Fagan Dance official website

 Archival footage of Garth Fagan choreography Scene Seen performed by Judith Jamison in 1988 at Jacob's Pillow

1940 births
Living people
Jamaican choreographers
Drama Desk Award winners
Helpmann Award winners
Jamaican male dancers
Jamaican dancers
Jamaican music educators
Modern dancers
National Endowment for the Arts Fellows
Commanders of the Order of Distinction
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Artists from Rochester, New York
State University of New York faculty
Tony Award winners
Wayne State University alumni
Bessie Award winners
Dance in New York (state)

Garth Fagan


Terrance Lee "Terry" Labonte (born November 16, 1956) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup Series retired American racecar driver. Labonte was introduced to racing by his father, who worked on racecars as a hobby. He is a brother of former driver Bobby Labonte, and the father of NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver Justin Labonte. He appeared in the 1983 Burt Reynolds movie, Prism Motorsporter Ace. In 1984, he portrayed a crewman from the movie The Dukes of Hazzard. In 2000, he appeared in a Denny's commercial.

Beginnings
Labonte started racing when he was 7 years old, and won a national championship at age 9, before moving on to the short tracks as a teenager. He won short track championships as a child, driving on both dirt and asphalt, in Houston and San Antonio from 1975-1977. During this time, he also met Louisiana businessman Billy Hagan. Hagan offered Labonte a job on his Winston Cup team along with the promise to drive five races that year.

1978-1985
Labonte's first NASCAR race came in at Darlington Raceway, racing the #92 Duck Industries Chevrolet. He qualified 19th in the Duck Industries Chevy and finished fourth that weekend. He ran four more races that season and had additional two top-ten finishes. In 1979, he competed for NASCAR Winston Cup Rookie of the Year along with the late Dale Earnhardt, Harry Gant and Joe Millikan, driving the #44 Stratagraph Chevrolet for Hagan Racing, In 1980, he had his first win for the Southern 500. While Labonte failed to win the top rookie of the year award, he was one of the rookies to finish the Top 10 in points. He ended the season with 13 Top 10 finishes, The following year, Labonte won the Labor Day weekend race, the Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway. He won $222,501 and finished sixth in final points. In 1984, He portrayed an unnamed pit crewman on the CBS series, The Dukes of Hazzard.

Labonte failed to return to victory lane over the next few years, but did not finish outside the top five in points. He won his second career race in 1983 in the Budweiser Chevy, In 1984, his team received sponsorship from Piedmont Airlines and he won at Riverside International Speedway and Bristol Motor Speedway the following year, clinching his first NASCAR Winston Cup Series championship. He dropped to seventh in final points in 1985. The same season, he own in his Busch Series debut at Charlotte in the #17 Pontiac for Darrell Waltrip.

1986-1993
After Labonte fell back to 12th in standings, he announced that he was leaving Hagan to drive the #11 Budweiser Chevy for Junior Johnson and Associates. In his first season with the team, he won four poles and the Holly Farms 400, rising up to third in standings, following that up with a fourth-place finish in 1988. In 1989, the team switched to Ford Thunderbirds. Despite two wins during the season, he fell back to tenth in the championship, causing him to leave the team.

He made plans to field his own team in 1990, but promised involvements fell through at last minute.

In 1990, he signed with the #1 Skoal Classic Oldsmobile team for Precision Products Racing. He had four Top 5 spots in the points standings. He came back to Hagan to drive the #94 Sunoco Oldsmobile in 1991. While he failed to go to victory lane, he won the first pole in 1998 at Watkins Glen International. In 1993, the team switched to the Kellogg's and Chevrolet. He began in 1992 without a finish inside the top 8 in the first eight races. He had a total of four top five finishes, and ended the sesason with eighth in points. For the first time in his career, he failed to finish in the top five and he dropped to eighteenth in points.

1994-2002
After Labonte left Hagan in 1993, he joined Hendrick Motorsports in 1994, where he started driving the #5 Kellogg's-sponsored Chevrolet Lumina and responded by notching three wins in each for his first two wins there. In 1995, the team switched to Chevrolet Monte Carlos. In 1996, he broke Richard Petty's streak for consecutive races ended after winning at North Wilksboro. Despite winning only two races, Labonte went on to win the championship that year as well, a record-setting of twelve years after his first. Driving while having a broken hand during the last two races of the season, Labonte's younger brother Bobby Labonte performed a dual victory laps at Atlanta Motor Speedway for the final day of the season; Bobby won the race and Terry won the championship, the only driver to win the race as a sibling won the championship. He also appeared in the Denny's Restaurant commercial in 2000.

Labonte posted twenty top-ten finishes in 1997, but did not win until the fall race at Talladega Superspeedway.

In 1998, Labonte was able to win the Pontiac Exitement 400 but dropped to ninth in points. Despite a win at his home track at Texas Motor Speedway and The Winston in 1999, Labonte finished 12th in standings, the first time he finished outside of the top 10 points since 1993. The year 2000 saw Labonte's consecutive start break be broken after he had an ear infection at the Pepsi 400, and was forced to miss the Brickyard 400 and Global Crossing @ The Glen. He began in 2001 with two top-six finishes in the first seven races but he had the worst finish of his career at the time when he finished 23rd in final points. He dropped back to 24th in 2002.

Final years
In 2003, Labonte went on to win his first pole at Richmond, and his last win at Darlington Raceway after leading 33 laps. He was unable to finish in the top five in 2004, and after a 26th-place finish. He announced that 2004 would be his last year at the circuit, and would run part-time schedules for the next cheerleaders. He borrowed the #44 from Petty Enterprises, and ran Hendrick's #44 Research & Development car with a sponsorship of Kellogg's, Pizza Hut, and GMAC. His best finish in the #44 came at Pocono Raceway, where he finished 12th. He also drove the #11 FedEx Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing part time, following the release of Joe Gibbs Racing, finishing ninth at Richmond.

Labonte began driving the #96 Texas Instruments/DLP HDTV Chevrolet Monte Carlo for Hall of Fame Racing, a new team started by Dallas Cowboys quarterbacks Roger Staubach and Troy Aikman, Labonte's former champion exemption guaranteed the final spot in the first five races.

Labonte's finishes in those left the team with 30th in points, sealing a spot for the team in each race as as long they stay in the top 35, Tony Raines took over the #96 car and is expected to run in the rest of the series, is expected to run the rest of the races, except road course races at Sonoma Raceway and Watkins Glen International. His best finish thus far began at Sonoma, where he finished third, Labonte's last race was to be at Texas Motor Speedway, Michael Waltrip hired him to drive the #55 NAPA Toyota for the road courses races in 2007.

Honors
In 1988, the senior Labonte was named as the NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers. A park was renamed for the Labonte brothers in their hometown of Corpus Christi in 2001, and they were chosen an entry into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2002. Labonte supports a variety of charities and due to his efforts, the Ronald McDonald House in Corpus Christi, the Victory Junction Gang Camp, and the Hendrick Marrow Program had been benefited. In 2016, He was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Labonte has lived in Thomasville, North Carolina, area for most of his career, Terry and Kim Labonte married in 1978. During his first year with Billy Hagan, where worked while they was in high school in Texas, they have two children who have grown up around racing, just as Labonte did years ago, Justin Labonte, born in 1981, was a late model champion at Caraway Speedway in 2003 and raced a limited Busch Series schedule in 2004 (including a win at Chicagoland Speedway in July) with a sponsorship for the Coast Guard, That sponsor expanded to a full schedule in 2005, Kristy, born in 1983, graduated with a business marketing major from High Point University.

Other series
In addition to 22 races in Cup, Labonte has won 11 races in Nationwide, and 1 in the Craftsman Truck Series. He has been the champion for the 24 Hours at Daytona and the 12 Hours of Sebring as well as three all star races, the Busch Clash (now the Advance Auto Parts Clash), and the Winston in 1985 (now the Monster Energy NASCAR All Star Race) in 1998 and 1999. He also won the IROC championship in 1989. Including his two championship seasons, he has finished in the top 10 in year-end standings 17 times, and his top 10 totals approach 25% and 50%, respectively of his total races.

References

Other websites

https://www.nascar.com/drivers/dps/tlabonte00/cup/index.html
http://www.terrylabonte.net
https://www.racing-reference.info/driver?id=labonte01

1956 births
NASCAR drivers
Sportspeople from Texas
People from Corpus Christi, Texas
Living people

Terry Labonte


Dean Alvord (December 4, 1856 – April 18, 1941) was an American real estate developer, college professor, and philanthropist known for his real estate developments in the New York City Metropolitan Area and in Florida. He was a relative of both Jonathan Edwards and Aaron Burr.

Life and career
Dean Alvord was born in Syracuse, New York, on December 4, 1856. He graduated from Syracuse University in 1882. He was a member of Syracuse University's Phi Gamma chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.

Alvord eventually moved to Brooklyn in New York City in order to continue pursuing his career in real estate and development after initially starting his career in Rochester, New York, where he developed a successful neighborhood.

Around 1899, Alvord would purchase roughly  of farmland in Brooklyn and would soon develop it into a neighborhood called Prospect Park South. He chose the location in part to take advantage of the area's public transportation. Soon afterwards, Alvord developed the Laurelton section of Queens.

In the first decade of the 20th century, Alvord began developing the famed community of Belle Terre in Port Jefferson, New York, ca. 1902–1903.

In 1905, Alvord purchased and developed a large area in Shinnecock Hills on the eastern end of Long Island. Following (and as a result of) this purchase, Alvord became the owner of roughly 10% of Long Island's shoreline.

Around 1908, Alvord began developing another well-known community, Roslyn Estates, New York, which was developed with winding roads and ponds.

Alvord's development corporation went into receivership around 1913.

Alvord moved to Clearwater, Florida, in 1913. He moved there intending to retire, but ultimately continued working as a developer; Alvord continued working as a developer until his death. It was during this time when he developed the Harbor Oaks subdivision of Clearwater, which he opened around 1914. The Harbor Oaks subdivision is now a historic district known as the Harbor Oaks Historic District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Alvord was also one of the Long Island Motor Parkway's originators.

Additionally, Alvord briefly taught at Syracuse University, where he had previously attended college, and also served as the General Secretary of the Rochester YMCA.

Development style
Alvord, who was active in – and an advocate for – civic improvement and the beautification of streets, was known for making his developments with "park-like atmospheres." He was known for having architects design the homes in his communities to be of various architectural styles, and required that the dwellings built within his communities have setbacks in order to ensure that they all had large front lawns.

Death
Alvord died on April 18, 1941, at the age of 84 at Tampa Hospital in Tampa, Florida – although some sources state that his death took place in 1937.

Personal life
Alvord was married to Nellie Barnum, who was a descendant of Alexander Hamilton. Alvord himself was a direct descendant of Johnathan Edwards (and was therefore also a distant relative to Aaron Burr) on his mother's side.

Alvord had two sons and two daughters. He also had a sister, Emily Feigel.

Notable developments

 Belle Terre, New York
 Harbor Oaks, Florida
Laurelton, Queens
 Prospect Park South, Brooklyn
 Roslyn Estates, New York

References

People from Syracuse, New York
People from New York City
People from Brooklyn
People from Clearwater, Florida
Real estate and property developers
Syracuse University alumni
Syracuse University faculty
1856 births
1941 deaths

Dean Alvord


Marlene Zarader, born in 1949, is a French philosopher. She teaches philosophy at the Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III in Montpellier. Since became a member of the Institut Universitaire de France in 2007.
Her book The Unthought Debt was originally published in French in 1990. The work was translated to English by Bettina Bergo.

Publications
 Heidegger et les paroles de l'origine, 1986
 La dette impensée. Heidegger et l'héritage hébraïque, 1990. Translated to English by Bettina Bergo (Stanford University Press, 2006).
 L'Être et le neutre. A partir de Maurice Blanchot, 2001
 La patience de Némésis, 2009

Participations to others publications in English
 « Phenomenality and transcendence », in : Transcendence in philosophy and religion, J. E. Faulconer, Indiana University Press, 2002, p. 106-120.
 « The mirror with the triple reflection », in : Christopher Macann (ed.) : Martin Heidegger : Critical Assessments [4 volumes], Routledge ed., London and New-York, 1992, vol. II, p. 17-36. Reissue in : Critical Heidegger, Routledge ed., London and New-York, 1996, p. 7-27.

Sources
 review of The Unthought Debt

1949 births
Living people
French philosophers

Marlène Zarader


The 1992 Fianna Fáil leadership election began in January 1992, when Charles Haughey resigned as party leader.  Haughey had been party leader for thirteen years and had served as Taoiseach on three occasions.  His successor was elected by the members of the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party on 6 February 1992. After one ballot the election was won by Albert Reynolds.

Candidates

Standing
 Albert Reynolds, Former Minister for Finance
 Michael Woods, Minister for Agriculture and Food
 Mary O'Rourke, Minister for Health

Declined to stand
 Bertie Ahern, Minister for Finance
 Brian Lenihan Snr, former Tánaiste

Campaign
The beginning of the end of Charles Haughey's leadership occurred in November 1991 when the Minister for Finance, Albert Reynolds, launched a leadership challenge.  On that occasion the challenge failed, however, it was not to be the end of the issue.

Following the leadership challenge the business of government continued and the Minister for Justice, Ray Burke, introduced the phone-tapping bill.  This did not please the Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann, Seán Doherty, who had been dismissed from the cabinet in 1982 over his alleged involvement in the phone-tapping of journalists telephones.  He considered the bill to be an affront to his character.  He had always denied that he acted alone with regard to the tappings and had taken the rap in 1982.  However, he was deeply unhappy that he would have to deal with the bill in the Seanad.  In a television interview in early January 1992 Doherty indicated that he had not acted alone and that the phone-tappings were known by other senior members of the government.  Doherty's comments were criticised by fellow politicians as bringing up old divisions.  On 21 January 1992 he called a press conference in which he stated that Charles Haughey had known fully about the phone-tappings when previously he had stated the opposite.  Haughey called his own press conference denying the claims, however, his partners in government, the Progressive Democrats, indicated that they would have to withdraw from the government as there was no way they could continue with Haughey as Taoiseach.  Haughey told them that this was not necessary as he had decided to stand down as leader of Fianna Fáil and Taoiseach.

On 30 January Haughey announced his resignation to the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party.  Albert Reynolds, the sacked Minister for Finance, immediately threw his hat into the ring.  Haughey had wanted Bertie Ahern to stand for the leadership, however, he declined.  Reynolds had no serious competition, however, Michael Woods and Mary O'Rourke also stood for the leadership.

Result
At the meeting of the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party on 6 February 1992 the following votes were cast:

Aftermath
On 11 February, Reynolds was nominated as Taoiseach by the Dáil and formed the 22nd Government of Ireland.

1992 elections in the Republic of Ireland
Albert Reynolds
History of Fianna Fáil
Fianna Fáil leadership elections
Indirect elections
Fianna Fáil leadership election

1992 Fianna Fáil leadership election


Albinus (died 732) was an abbot of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury. He assisted Bede in the compilation of his Historia Ecclesiastica, and what we know concerning him is chiefly derived from the dedicatory epistle at the beginning of that work. Albinus was a pupil of Archbishop Theodore and his coadjutor Adrian of Canterbury, abbot of St. Peter's. Through the instructions of the latter he became not only versed in the Scriptures, but likewise a master of Greek and Latin (Chron. G. Thorne). On the death of Adrian, Albinus succeeded to the abbacy, being the first native Englishman who filled that post. Bede in his epistle says that he was indebted to Albinus for all the facts contained in his history relating to the Kentish church between the first conversion of the English and the time at which he was writing. Much of this information was collected by the presbyter Nothelm, who, at the instigation of Albinus, undertook a journey to Rome and searched the archives there. Nothelm was the medium of communication between Bede and Albinus, for it does not appear that the two ever met. Albinus died in 732, and was buried beside his master Adrian.

References

732 deaths
8th-century English historians
Abbots of St Augustine's
English abbots
Kentish saints
Year of birth unknown
8th-century English clergy
8th-century writers in Latin

Albinus (abbot)


Mount St. Helens is a volcano in the U.S. state of Washington. It is 96 miles (154 km) south of Seattle and 53 miles (85 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon. The volcano is in Cascade Range of mountains. It is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc in the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanos.  This is a deadly volcano.

Mount St. Helens was first called Louwala-Clough, which means "smoking" or "fire mountain" in the language of the Native American Klickitat people. This volcano is well known for its explosions and flows of lava. Its most famous volcanic eruption was on May 18, 1980. In 1982, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and the United States Congress made the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, a 110,000 acre (445 km²) area around the volcano that is also a part of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest.

The 1980 eruption was the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in the history of the United States. 57 people were killed; 250 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles of railways, and 185 miles of highway were destroyed. A massive debris avalanche was triggered by an earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale. This caused the eruption, which reduced the height of the mountain's summit from  to  and replacing it with a  wide horseshoe-shaped crater. The earthquake was caused by a sudden surge of magma from the Earth's mantle. The debris avalanche was up to 0.7 cubic miles (3.1 cubic kilometers) in volume.

History

Before the eruption in 1980, Mount St. Helens was the fifth-highest peak in Washington State. The peak rose more than 5,000 feet (1,525 m) above its base, where it rises from the ridges that are around it. It stood out from the surrounding hills because of the symmetrical cone shape and the snow that covered the top. Because of its cone-shape, it was called the "Mount Fuji of America", after the famous Mount Fuji which is a symbol of Japan.

Modern eruptions

In the months before the large eruption that took place on May 18, 1980, there were many signs of volcanic activity. On March 20, 1980, Mount St. Helens was the center of a magnitude 4.2 earthquake. Steam venting from the volcano started on March 27. By the end of April, the north side of the volcano started to grow larger.

On May 18, a second earthquake of magnitude 5.1 made a huge part of the north face of the volcano collapse. It was the largest known debris avalanche in recorded history. At 8:32 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time, the magma inside of St. Helens exploded. On the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated a five, which is the same rating of the famous Vesuvius eruption in 79 AD.

For more than nine hours, ash erupted from the volcano, rising into the air for 12 to 16 miles (20 to 27 km) above sea level in the air. This cloud rising from a volcano is called a "plume". The pyroclastic flow of heated rocks and gas that poured out of the Volcano spread over an area of over 230 square miles (600 km²), destroying plants and buildings. The ash spread east at about 60 miles per hour (95 km/h), with some ash reaching Idaho by about 12:00 pm, almost 3.5 hours after the eruption. By about 5:30 pm the plume of ash became smaller.  Through the night and for several days after, there were smaller eruptions.

As well as the effect of the fast-moving hot gasses and stones from the explosion, the collapse of the northern side of Mount St. Helens caused lahars, or volcanic mudflows. These were mixtures of volcanic ash with melted ice and snow. The lahars went many miles down the Toutle and Cowlitz rivers, destroying bridges and killing many trees. A total of 3.9 million cubic yards (3.0 million m³) of material was carried 17 miles (27 km) south into the Columbia River by the lahars.

The St. Helens May 18 eruption released 24 megatons of thermal energy. It released more than 0.67 cubic miles (2.8 cubic km) of ash and other material. The collapse of the north side of the volcano shortened St. Helens' height by about 1,300 feet (400 m) and left a volcanic crater one to two miles (1.6 to 3.2 km) wide and half of a mile (800 m) deep. The eruption
killed 57 people, nearly 7,000 game animals (deer, elk, and bear), and about 12 million fish from a fish farm. It destroyed or damaged over 200 homes, 185 miles (300 km) of highway and  of railways.

1980-2004
Between 1980 and 1986, more volcanic activity continued at Mount Saint Helens, with a new lava dome made in the crater. Several small explosions and eruptions took place, making more lava domes. From December 7, 1989 to January 6, 1990, and from November 5, 1990 to February 14, 1991, the volcano erupted with sometimes huge clouds of ash.

The ash reached a number of states, as far east as Montana and as south as Colorado.

2004 to present activity

Magma bubbles came to the top of the volcano on about October 11, 2004, and a new lava dome was made on the first dome's south side. This new dome grew throughout 2005 and into 2006. Several new features were seen, such as the "whaleback," which is solid magma being pushed to the top of the volcano by magma under it. These features do not last long and break down soon after they are formed. On July 2, 2005, the tip of the whaleback broke off, and a rockfall sent ash several hundred meters into the air.

Mount St. Helens showed important new activity on March 8, 2005, when a 36,000-foot (11,000 m) plume of steam and ash came from the volcano. The plume was seen from as far away as Seattle, a city that is 96 miles away. This fairly small eruption took place because of a new lava dome being formed and a 2.5 magnitude earthquake.

Another feature that grew from the dome is a "fin" or "slab." About half the size of a football field, the large volcanic rock was being moved up as fast as 6 feet (2 m) per day. In mid-June 2006, the slab had rockfalls very often, but was still being pushed up from inside the volcano.

On October 22, 2006, at 3:13 p.m. PST, a magnitude 3.5 earthquake broke the lava dome. The resulting collapse and avalanche sent an ash plume 2,000 feet (610 m) over the crater, although it quickly disappeared.

On December 19, 2006, a large white plume of steam was seen, and some journalists from the media thought there had been a small eruption. However, the Cascades Volcano Observatory of the United States Geological Survey says that there was no large ash plume, so it could not have been an eruption. The volcano has been erupting on occasion since October 2004.

References

Other websites

 Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument website from the U.S. Forest Service.
 Mount St. Helens picture and current status from the United States Geological Survey website
 The VolcanoCam Live camera from the U.S. Forest Service

Volcanoes of Washington (state)
VEI-6 volcanoes

Mount St. Helens


Spider-Man: No Way Home is an American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man.  The movie is co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. It is the sequel to Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) and the 27th movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It released theatrically in the United States on December 17, 2021, while it already released in Los Angeles on December 13, 2021, and was released theatrically in India on December 16. A sequel to the film is in the works, which will be released on July 12, 2024.

Plot
Just after Peter Parker / Spider-Man came back to New York City, J. Jonah Jameson plays footage that frames Peter for Quentin Beck / Mysterio's death and reveals his secret identity to the world. He is found not guilty thanks to Matt Murdock, but people still believe he killed Beck. This makes his life very difficult, and he and his Aunt May are forced to live in Happy Hogan's apartment. Peter, MJ, and Ned apply for college but their applications are rejected because of Peter being Spider-Man. Peter goes to Doctor Strange and asks him to cast a spell to make people forget he is Spider-Man. He damages the spell by changing it too much, however, making it so that people from other universes who know he is Spider-Man come to this universe. On Queensboro Bridge, Peter finds an administrator from the college he wanted to go to and tries to get her to accept him and his friends' applications. However, Doctor Otto Octavius / Doctor Octopus arrives on the bridge and attacks Peter. Octavius is defeated, realizing that this Peter isn't from his universe.

Suddenly, Norman Osborn / Green Goblin attacks them both. Before they can fight, Peter is brought back by Strange, who has already caught Curt Connors / Lizard. He tells Peter to capture the villains who came through. Peter finds Max Dillon / Electro and captures him with the help of the Flint Marko / Sandman, who Peter also captures. Osborn is retrieved after going to a F.E.A.S.T. building seeking help. Strange wants to send them back to their own universes, but Peter wants to cure & help them before sending them back in order to prevent their deaths. He frees them and traps Strange in the Mirror Dimension after a fight, taking the villains back to Happy's apartment. Peter cures Octavius by using Stark technology to replace his broken neck chip. He makes cures for the Osborn and Dillon, but the Goblin persona takes over Osborn before he could be cured. The Goblin then tricks Dillon into attacking the others and the other four escape. After beating Peter in a fight, the Goblin kills May and escapes. Meanwhile, MJ and Ned learn how to open portals using Strange's Sling Ring which they use in an attempt to find Peter, only to find the Spider-Men from the villains universes. The Peter from Osborn, Octavius, and Marko's universe is called Peter-2 and the Peter from Connors and Dillon's universe is called Peter-3.

Peter is found by Ned and MJ, who comfort him. The other Spider-Men tell him their own stories and encourage him to fight in May's honour. They make the cures for the villains and meet Marko, Connors, and Dillon on the Statue of Liberty, with Ned and MJ following them. The villains are cured, with Octavius and Strange arriving to help them. Before Strange can send them back, the Goblin attacks and blows up the spell. MJ is knocked off by the explosion and nearly falls to her death, but Peter-3 saves her, bringing him closure for not saving Gwen Stacy. An angry Peter attacks the Goblin and nearly kills him, but Peter-2 stops him. The Goblin then stabs Peter-2. Peter injects him with the cure, restoring him to a regretful Norman. Strange stops the spell and sends everyone back by making everyone forget who Peter is. Peter later tries to tell MJ the truth, but cannot bring himself to do it. He visits May's grave and vows to carry on.

In a mid-credits scene; Eddie Brock sits in a bar and talks with Venom about other superhumans and the recent events that occurred in this universe. He suddenly glows and is transported back to their universe, leaving a part of the symbiote on the counter.

Cast
Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man
Zendaya as MJ
Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange
Tobey Maguire as Peter Parker / Spider-Man / "Peter Two"
Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man / "Peter Three"
Jacob Batalon as Ned Leeds
Jon Favreau as Harold "Happy" Hogan
Marisa Tomei as May Parker
J. B. Smoove as Julius Dell
Martin Starr as Roger Harrington
Benedict Wong as Wong
Jamie Foxx as Max Dillon / Electro
Alfred Molina as Otto Octavius / Doctor Octopus
Willem Dafoe as Norman Osborn / Green Goblin
Thomas Haden Church as Flint Marko / Sandman
Rhys Ifans as Curt Connors / Lizard

Reprising their roles from previous MCU films are Tony Revolori, Angourie Rice, Jorge Lendeborg Jr., Hannibal Buress, and J. K. Simmons. Charlie Cox reprises his role as Matt Murdock, a blind lawyer who leads a double life as the vigilante Daredevil, from Marvel Television's Netflix series. Tom Hardy appears uncredited in the mid-credits scene as Eddie Brock / Venom, reprising his role from Sony's Spider-Man Universe. Holland's brother Harry was set to make a cameo appearance as a drug dealer, after doing the same in Cherry, but his role was removed from the final cut.

Reception
The film received favorable reviews from critics and overwhelming positive reviews by audiences. Critics praised the performances, characters, story, action sequences, and emotional weight, despite some criticism towards the script. It was a financial success grossing more than $1.9 billion. The film became the highest grossing film of 2021. It is the Spider-man film that made the most money so far and is the sixth largest grossing film of all time.

References

Other websites

2020s English-language movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
American sequel movies
American superhero movies
Marvel Cinematic Universe movies
2021 action movies
Spider-Man (2017 movie series)
2021 science fiction movies

Spider-Man: No Way Home


Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa or drinking chocolate, is a hot drink. It is usually made by mixing chocolate or cocoa powder, sugar, and usually a sweetener. Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream or marshmallows. Hot chocolate is usually drunk to make the drinker feel happier or warmer. Some studies have shown that hot chocolate may be healthy because of antioxidants that are in cocoa. Until the 1800s, hot chocolate was also used by doctors as a medicinal drink.

It is believed that the hot chocolate drink was first made by the Mayan people about 2,000 years ago. Another cocoa drink was made by the Aztecs by 1400 . The drink became popular in Europe after being brought from Mexico, and has changed a lot since then. Today, hot chocolate is used around the world. It comes in many different types such as the very thick cioccolata densa in Italy, and the thinner hot cocoa that is usually drunk in the United States.

History

Chocolate is made from cocoa, the dried and partly fermented seeds of the cacao tree (Theobroma cacao). The cacao tree is a small (4–8 m (15–26 ft.) tall) pine tree found in the deep tropical areas of the Americas. New studies show that the most found type of the plant first came from the Amazon basin. It was slowly moved by humans to other places in South and Central America to farm. Early kinds of another type have also been found in what is now Venezuela. The scientific name, theobroma, means "food of the gods". The fruit, called a cacao pod, is shaped like an oval, 15–30 cm (6–12 in.) long and 8–10 cm (3–4 in.) wide. It gets ripe from yellow to orange, and weighs about 500 g (1 lb) when ripe.

The first known use of cacao is chocolate found in jars at the site of Puerto Escondido in Honduras. It was used there around 1100  An early Classic Period (460–480 ) Mayan grave from Río Azul, Guatemala, had cups with the Mayan words for cacao on them with traces of an old chocolate drink. The Maya are usually given credit for making the first chocolate drink over 2,000 years ago. The drink would be changed even more in Europe.

To make the drink, the Maya ground cocoa seeds into a paste and mixed it with water, cornmeal, chile peppers, and spices. They then poured the drink back and forth from a cup to a pot until a foam was created. The drink was served cold. Maya of all social classes could get the drink, but the rich drank chocolate from fancy vessels or cups.

By the 1400s, the Aztecs took over a large part of Mesoamerica, and took cacao into their culture. They thought of chocolate with Xochiquetzal, the goddess of pregnancy. They also used chocolate drinks as sacrifices to gods. The Aztec kind of the drink was bitter and spicy, and was called xocolatl. It was made a lot like the Mayan chocolate drinks. Vanilla, chile pepper, and achiote were added to the drink, and it was believed to fight tiredness, which is because of the theobromine content, a mood enhancer. Because cacao would not grow in central Mexico and had to be brought into the empire, chocolate was an important luxury good in the Aztec empire. Because of this, cocoa beans were used as money.

The first time Europeans saw chocolate was in the 16th century when Montezuma (who was ruler of the Aztec then) showed xocolatl to Hernán Cortés, a Spanish conquistador. What the Spanish then called "chocolatl" was said to be a drink made of a chocolate base with vanilla and other spices that was served cold. Montezuma's rulers have been said to drink about 2000 cups of xocolatl per day, 50 of which were drank by Montezuma himself.

Because sugar had not come to the Americas, xocolatl was said to be something that one did not like in the beginning. The drink tasted spicy and bitter, unlike today's hot chocolate. As to when xocolatl was first made warm, sources are not sure about when and by whom. However, Jose de Acosta, a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century, described xocolatl as a drink with a bitter taste that the natives liked a lot.

European changes

After defeating Montezuma's warriors and taking the Aztec's riches, Cortés went back to Spain in 1528. He brought cocoa beans and chocolate drink making equipment. At this time, chocolate still was only the bitter drink made by the Mayans. Sweet hot chocolate and bar chocolate were not made yet.

After coming to Europe, the drink slowly got popularity. The court of King Charles V soon began drinking it, and what was then only called "chocolate" became a popular drink with the Spanish upper class. Also, cocoa was given as a gift when the Spanish Royal Family married other royalty. Then, chocolate cost a lot in Europe because the cacao beans only grew in South America.

The first shipment of chocolate to Europe for sale purposes was a shipment from Veracruz to Sevilla in 1585. It was still a drink, but the Europeans added sugar to sweeten it, and took out the chili pepper. They also added vanilla, cinnamon, and other spices. Sweet hot chocolate was then made, making hot chocolate a luxury item with the European royalty in the 17th century. Even when the first Chocolate house (a store like a coffee shop now) opened in 1657, the drink still cost a lot. A pound cost 50 to 75 pence (between 50 and US$75 now).

In the late 1600s, Hans Sloane, president of the Royal College of Physicians, went to Jamaica. There, he tried chocolate and did not like it, but found it was better with milk. When he came back to England, he brought the recipe with him, bringing milk chocolate to Europe.

In 1828, Coenraad Johannes van Houten made the first cocoa powder making machine in the Netherlands. The press took apart the greasy cocoa butter from cacao seeds, leaving a chocolate powder behind. This powder—like the cocoa powder used now—was easier to stir into milk and water, and led to solid chocolate. By using cocoa powder and a little bit of cocoa butter, bar chocolate was then able to be made. The term "chocolate" then came to mean solid chocolate, instead of hot chocolate.

Use and types
Today, hot chocolate is used around the world. However, there are two main styles of the drink.

Name

The words "hot chocolate" and "hot cocoa" are sometimes used instead of each other, but there is actually a difference between the two. "Hot cocoa" is made from a mix of cocoa, sugar and ingredients, all powdered, to make the drink thick without cocoa butter. "Hot chocolate" is made right from bars of chocolate, which has cocoa, sugar and cocoa butter in it. The biggest difference between the two is the cocoa butter, which makes hot cocoa have less fat than hot chocolate, so it is better for one's health.

Hot chocolate can be made with dark, semisweet, or bittersweet chocolate. It is cut into small pieces and stirred into milk with sugar. American hot cocoa powder can be made with powdered milk so it can be made without milk. In the United Kingdom, "hot chocolate" is a sweet chocolate drink made with hot milk or water, and powder with chocolate, sugar, and powdered milk. "Cocoa" usually means a similar drink made with just hot milk and cocoa powder, then made sweeter with sugar.

North America
In the United States, the drink is most popular in powdered or crushed form. It is made with hot water or milk. This is the thinner of the two main types. It is very sweet and often is served with marshmallows, whipped cream, or a piece of solid chocolate. European hot chocolate first came to the U.S. as early as the 1600s by the Dutch, but the first time colonists began selling hot chocolate was around 1755. Hot chocolate is usually drank in cold weather and winter in the United States. It is not taken with meals very often.

In Mexico, hot chocolate is still popular. Besides the instant powder form, Mexican hot chocolate uses semi-sweet chocolate, cinnamon, sugar and vanilla. Hot chocolate of this type is often sold in tablets or bars which can be put into hot milk, water or cream. It is then mixed until the drink gets a creamy foam. Mexican cinnamon hot chocolate is often served with a variety of Mexican breads or pastries called pan dulce ("sweet bread") and churros.

Europe
In Europe, most kinds of hot chocolate are very thick. This is because they are made from pure chocolate. In the United Kingdom, hot chocolate is usually thinner. As Europe was where hot chocolate was first made popular, there are many different types.

Among the thick types of hot chocolate served in Europe is the Italian cioccolata densa. German types are also known for being very thick and heavy. Hot chocolate and churros is the normal working-man's breakfast in Spain. This style of hot chocolate can be very thick, often being like warm chocolate pudding.

There are even more types of thick hot chocolate in Europe. Some cafes in Belgium and other areas in Europe serve a "warme chocolade" or "chocolat chaud". This is a cup of heated milk and a small bowl of bittersweet chocolate chips to put in the milk. In England, some kinds of powdered drinks are as thick as pure chocolate kinds.

Health
Even though hot chocolate is usually drunk for enjoyment, it can also be good for the health. Hot chocolate has a lot of antioxidants that may be good for the health. From the 16th to 19th centuries, hot chocolate was used as a medicine and a drink. Explorer Francisco Hernández wrote that chocolate drinks helped fever and diseases of the liver. Another explorer, Santiago de Valverde Turices, thought that large amounts of hot chocolate were good for fixing chest problems, and small amounts could help stomach problems. When chocolate first came to France in the 17th century, it was used "to fight against fits of anger and bad moods". This may be because of a chemical that makes a person's mood better in chocolate.

There are also some health effects which are not good. Hot chocolate has a lot of calories, saturated fat, and sugar. Caffeine from the cocoa in hot chocolate can cause bad effects.
There is evidence that the caffeine causes a mild addiction to the drink.

Related pages

 Chocolate
 Cocoa
 Chocolate milk

References

Drinks

Hot chocolate


The Toronto Sun is an English-language tabloid newspaper published daily in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The newspaper is one of several Sun tabloids published by Postmedia Network. The newspaper's offices are located at Postmedia Place in downtown Toronto.

The newspaper published its first edition in November 1971, after it had acquired the assets of the defunct Toronto Telegram, and hired portions of the Telegrams staff. In 1978, Toronto Sun Holdings and Toronto Sun Publishing were consolidated to form Sun Publishing (later renamed Sun Media Corporation). Sun Publishing went on to form similar tabloids to the Toronto Sun in other Canadian cities during the late 1970s and 1980s. The Sun was acquired by Postmedia Network in 2015, as a part of the sale of the Suns parent company, Sun Media.

History
In 1971, the Toronto Sun Publishing was created and purchased the syndication operations and newspaper vending boxes from the Toronto Telegram, which ceased operations in the same year. The Toronto Sun also recruited staff from the former Telegram conservative broadsheet newspaper, and published its first edition on 1 November 1971.

Publisher Doug Creighton was originally going to name the new newspaper the Toronto News but Andy Donato, who was asked to design the paper's first front page and decided to call the paper the Toronto Sun instead. Creighton decided it was too late to change it and renamed the paper.

The Toronto Sun was originally published out of leased space at the Eclipse White Wear Company Building at 322 King Street West. In 1975, the newspaper moved into the Toronto Sun Building at 333 King Street East which was eventually expanded to six storeys to house all of the newspaper's operations. In 2010, the building was sold to property development company First Gulf, and the Sun consolidated its operations onto the second floor. It remained in the building until it relocated offices in 2016.

In 1978, Toronto Sun Holdings and Toronto Sun Publishing were consolidated to form Sun Publishing. The corporation expanded its tabloid footprint, having established its second tabloid, the Edmonton Sun through a partnership agreement with Edmonton Sun Publishing in 1978. The Albertan was acquired in 1980 and made into the company's third tabloid, the Calgary Sun in 1980.

In 1988, The Washington  Post described the Sun as an example of tabloid journalism.

21st century
In 2004, the Sun began its annual George Gross/Toronto Sun Sportsperson of the Year award. By the mid-2000s, the word "The" was dropped from the paper's name and the newspaper adopted its current logo.

The paper acquired a television station from Craig Media in 2005, which was renamed SUN TV. It was later transformed into the Sun News Network until its demise in 2015.

As of the end of 2007, the Sun had a Monday through Saturday circulation of approximately 180,000 papers and Sunday circulation of 310,000.

The Sun was acquired by Postmedia in 2015, with its purchase of Sun Media from Quebecor. Following the acquisition the Toronto Sun staff and operations moved to 365 Bloor Street East, the same building that houses the National Post, in March of 2016. However, the two newspapers maintain separate newsrooms.

Circulation

The Toronto Sun has seen—like most Canadian daily newspapers—a decline in circulation. Its total circulation dropped by  percent to 121,304 copies daily from 2009 to 2015.

Daily average

Notable staff

Editors-in-chief
The Toronto Sun originally had several editors with various responsibilities, none with the title "editor-in-chief"; however, from 1971 to 1976, Peter Worthington was listed on the newspaper's masthead immediately under the publisher, Doug Creighton.

 Peter Worthington (1976–1982)
 Barbara Amiel (1983–1985)
 John Downing editor (1985–1997), no editor-in-chief until 1995
 Peter O'Sullivan (1995–1999)
 Mike Strobel (1999–2001)
 Mike Therien (2001–2004)
 Jim Jennings (2004–2006)
 Glenn Garnett (2007)
 Lou Clancy (2007–2009)
 James Wallace (2009–2013)
 Wendy Metcalfe (2013–2015)
 Adrienne Batra (2015–present)

Current staff

 Adrienne Batra, editor-in-chief, former comment editor and municipal affairs columnist
Mark Bonokoski, columnist, editorial writer
 Andy Donato, editorial cartoonist
Brian Lilley, provincial, national affairs columnist
Steve Simmons, sports columnist

Former staff

 Charles Adler, QMI columnist
 David Akin, columnist
 Barbara Amiel, editor and columnist
 Joan Barfoot, reporter
 Christie Blatchford, columnist (deceased)
 Mark Bourrie, reporter
 Jim Brown, manager (deceased)
 Dalton Camp, columnist (deceased)
 Gordon Chong, columnist (deceased)
 Sheila Copps, columnist
 Michael Coren, QMI columnist
 Danielle Crittenden, reporter, columnist
 John Downing, city hall columnist, editor-in-chief
Tarek Fatah, columnist (deceased)
 Mike Filey, Toronto history columnist (deceased)
 Doug Fisher, Parliament Hill columnist (deceased)
 Allan Fotheringham, national affairs columnist (deceased)
 David Frum, columnist
 W. Gifford-Jones, M.D. (pseudonym for Ken Walker), medical columnist
 Edward Greenspan, lawyer, columnist (deceased)
 George Gross, corporate sports editor, columnist (deceased)
 Max Haines, "Crime Flashback" feature (deceased)
 Paul Hellyer, columnist and founding investor (deceased)
 Jim Hunt, sports writer (deceased)
 Ajit Jain, columnist
 George Jonas, columnist (deceased)
 Warren Kinsella, political columnist
 Linda Leatherdale, business editor, columnist
 Ezra Levant, QMI columnist
Sue-Ann Levy, political columnist, former municipal affairs columnist
 Bob MacDonald, columnist (deceased)
 Heather Mallick, columnist
 Salim Mansur, columnist
 Eric Margolis, international affairs columnist, contributing editor
 Rachel Marsden, columnist
 Lois Maxwell (Moneypenney), columnist (deceased)
 Judi McLeod, education reporter
 Ben Mulroney, columnist
 Ted Reeve, sports columnist (deceased)
 Sid Ryan, columnist
 Paul Rimstead, columnist (deceased)
 Laura Sabia, columnist (deceased)
 Morton Shulman, columnist (deceased)
 Joey Slinger, columnist
 Walter Stewart, columnist (deceased)
 John Tory, mayor of Toronto, former Rogers executive
 Garth Turner, business editor
 Sherri Wood, columnist (deceased)
 Peter Worthington, columnist, former editor (deceased)
 Lubor J. Zink, columnist (deceased)

See also
 Media in Canada
 List of media outlets in Toronto
 List of newspapers in Canada
 List of the largest Canadian newspapers by circulation

References

Further reading

External links

Newspapers published in Toronto
Postmedia Network publications
Newspapers established in 1971
1971 establishments in Ontario
Conservative media in Canada
Daily newspapers published in Ontario

Toronto Sun


Frederick Burton (October 20, 1871 – October 23, 1957) was an American actor. He appeared in 122 films between 1914 and 1947. Burton was born in Gosport, Indiana and died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles.

Life and career
The following comes from a 1907 issue of Life Magazine: FREDERICK BURTON, the actor, hails from Gosport, Ind. He got his start on the stage after making a hit in a Knights of Pythias benefit in Gosport. After three years' absence from home, his company played in Terre Haute and Burton invited his father to come over and see him act. The old man took in the show, and after the last curtain went back on the stage to see his son. Presently the treasurer appeared at the dressing room door and handed Burton his weekly pay envelope. Burton senior saw the figures on the outside and his eyes sparkled.
"You don't mean to tell me you get that much every week, do you?" exclaimed the old gentleman.
"That's right," Burton replied, modestly.
"Well, what other chores do you have to do besides actin'?" the old man asked. — Harper's Weekly.

Burton was known on the stage for his portrayal of rural Americans and would return to his family farm in Gosport every summer to reacquaint himself with the land.

In 1913, Burton, along with Sydney Shields, starred in Reckless Age, a play produced by Cecil B. De Mille shortly before he switched to film. He appeared in over 120 films between 1914 and 1944, mostly playing supporting and bit parts.

Partial filmography

 The Career of Katherine Bush (1919)
 The Fear Market (1920)
 Yes or No? (1920)
 The Education of Elizabeth (1921) - Middleton
 Bits of Life (1921)
 If Women Only Knew (1921)
 The Man She Brought Back (1922)
 Broadway Broke (1923)
 The Rejected Woman (1924)
 Back to Life (1925)
 So's Your Old Man (1926)
 Running Wild (1927)
 The Big Trail (1930)
 Freighters of Destiny (1931)
 One Way Passage (1932)
 The Night of June 13 (1932) (uncredited)
 No Other Woman (1933)
 Bedside (1934)
 Love Birds (1934)
 Theodora Goes Wild (1936)
 Fury (1936) as Judge Daniel Hopkins (uncredited)
 The Saint in New York (1938)
 Flight to Fame (1938)
 Inside Information  (1939)
 Hollywood Cavalcade (1939)
 Go West (1940) as Johnson (uncredited)
 The Man Who Lost Himself (1941)
 Miss Susie Slagle's (1946)

Sources

External links

1871 births
1957 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Burials at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery
Male actors from Indiana

Frederick Burton (actor)


Francisco de las Casas y Saavedra (1461–1536) was a Spanish Conquistador in Mexico and Honduras.

Francisco de las Casas was born in Trujillo, Spain. By 1513 las Casas was married to Maria de Aguilar, daughter of Geronimo de Aguilar, and they maintained a house in Trujillo, where she sold a block of land in Trujillo that she owned. They had a son, Gonzalo. Cortés refers to Francisco de las Casas as "mi primo" in his fifth letter to the Spanish Crown.  Maria is also Cortés' cousin.

In the service of Hernán Cortés

In October, 1522, King Carlos wrote, appointing Hernan Cortés as governor of New Spain.  Francisco de las Casas, along with Rodrigo de Paz brought this news from Spain to Mexico, by way of Cuba, where they stopped to notify Cortés's political enemy Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar.  They arrived in Mexico City in 1523 and their news was a cause for celebration.  Cortés rewarded Francisco de las Casas by appointing him a Captain, and giving him the town of Yanhuitlan in encomienda.  Francisco was elected Alcalde Mayor of Mexico City in 1524.

The colony of Honduras
In January, 1524, Cortés directed captain Cristóbal de Olid to establish a colony for him in Honduras. Olid sailed with a force of several ships and over 400 soldiers and colonists.  He sailed first to Cuba, to pick up supplies Cortés had arranged for him, where Governor Velázquez convinced him to go and claim the colony he was to found as his own.  Olid sailed from Cuba to the coast of Honduras, coming ashore at Triunfo de la Cruz where he initially settled and declared himself governor.

Hernán Cortés, however, in 1524, got word of Olid's insurrection and sent his cousin, Francisco de las Casas, along with several ships to Honduras to remove Olid and claim the area for Cortés.  Las Casas, however, lost most of his fleet in a series of storms along the coast of Belize and Honduras.  His ships limped into the bay at Trujillo, where Olid had established his headquarters.

When Las Casas arrived at Olid's headquarters, a large part of Olid's army was inland, dealing with another threat from a party of Spaniards under Gil González Dávila.  Nevertheless, Olid decided to launch an attack with two caravels.  Las Casas returned fire and sent boarding parties which captured Olid's ships.  Under the circumstances, Olid proposed a truce to which Las Casas agreed, and he did not land his forces.  During the night, a fierce storm destroyed his fleet and about a third of his men were lost.  The remainder were taken prisoner after two days of exposure and without food.  After being forced to swear loyalty to Olid, they were released.  However, Las Casas was kept a prisoner, soon to be joined by González, who had been captured by Olid's inland force.

The Spanish record two different stories about what happened next.  In one version, Olid's men rebel and swear allegiance to las Casas, and Olid is tried and beheaded in Trujillo.  In another version, Olid escapes and hides in Naco, where las Casas finds him, and kills him in a knife fight.

In the meantime, Cortés had marched overland from Mexico to Honduras, arriving in 1525.  Cortés ordered the founding of two cities, Nuestra Señora de la Navidad, near modern Puerto Cortés, and Trujillo, and named Francisco de las Casas Governor.  However, both las Casas and Cortés sailed back to Mexico before the end of 1525, where Francisco was arrested and sent back to Spain as a prisoner by Estrada and Alboronoz.  Francisco returned to Mexico in 1527, and returned again to Spain with Cortés in 1528.

Settling down and growing old

In Yanhuitlan, Cortés is credited with giving Maria de Aguilar, Francisco's wife,  the mulberry seeds for starting the silk industry for which Yanhuitlan became famous in the colonial period.  In 1567, Francisco hired the painter, Andres de Concha, to paint the images on the retablo in the church at Yanhuitlan, Oaxaca, his encomienda.

References
Cortés, Hernán, Letters from Mexico, Translated and Edited by A. R. Pagden, Grossman Publishers, New York (1971)
Duncan, David Ewing, Hernando de Soto - A Savage Quest in the Americas - Book II: Consolidation, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York (1995)
Scanlan, Thomas, Colonial Writing and the New World, 1583-1671, New York: Cambridge University Press (1999)

External links
Altman, Ida, The Library of Iberian Resources Online, Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and America in the Sixteenth Century
Kerr, Robert, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. IV

1460s births
1536 deaths
People from Tierra de Trujillo
History of Honduras
Spanish colonial governors and administrators
15th-century Castilians
16th-century Spanish people
People from New Spain
Extremaduran conquistadors

Francisco de las Casas


Galactic Patrol is a science fiction novel by American author E. E. Smith. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine Astounding in 1937. The stories in this volume were the first parts written of the original Lensman saga. It was later published in book form in 1950 by Fantasy Press.

Although portions of Triplanetary were written earlier, they were not originally part of the Lensman story and were only later revised to connect them to the rest of the series. First Lensman was written later to bridge the events in Triplanetary to those in Galactic Patrol.

Plot synopsis
Galactic Patrol introduces Kimball Kinnison, who will be the hero of the next three books - Gray Lensman, Second Stage Lensmen and, to a lesser extent, Children of the Lens.  Kinnison and Clarissa MacDougall are the penultimates of the human breeding program the Arisians set up many eons earlier.

The book deals with the earliest stages of Kinnison's career, starting with his graduation as a Lensman from the Patrol's academy. Organized pirates, known as Boskonians, have gained a great advantage with a new type of space drive, making their ships far faster than anything the Patrol can build. That is, with the exception of one ship, the Britannia. New and experimental, built to be the fastest thing in space, she has abandoned the traditional ray armament of a space ship for an offensive weapon much older - explosive artillery, fired at an opponent held in place by unbreakable tractor beams. Her mission is to capture a Boskonian ship of the new type intact enough to get the secret of her speed (hence the artillery, which the scientists of the patrol think can damage another ship enough to disable it without destroying the information they require). The experimental nature of her weapon means that she would be useless to a man experienced only in using the standard weapons of the time, so she is given to the inexperienced Kinnison to command.

Kinnison is successful in capturing a ship, but has to flee the converging pirate raiders. He tries to evade his pursuers and return the priceless information to Tellus (Earth). In the process, Kinnison finds and frees a previously unknown, mentally enslaved race (the Velantians) from their masters (the Delgonian overlords), making valuable allies and adding a new member race to civilization. He also destroys several pirate ships, completely frustrates the main villain, "Helmuth speaking for Boskone", and deduces the location of one of the pirates' secret bases.

Kinnison successfully returns to Earth in a captured pirate ship and is promoted to the exalted rank of Unattached Lensman. Unattached Lensmen (commonly called "Gray Lensmen" because their uniform is made of plain gray leather) are endowed with virtually unlimited power and authority. He immediately sets out to infiltrate what he believes to be an important pirate base. Unfortunately, Kinnison is in over his head and the telepathically capable "Wheelmen" who man the base discover and almost kill him before he can escape. While in the hospital recovering, Kinnison is assigned the pretty, but tough, nurse Clarissa MacDougall. He behaves badly and is rude and condescending to her, blindly lashing out because he blames himself for his abject failure with the Wheelmen. Kinnison, once recovered, goes to Arisia to learn how better to use his Lens. Kinnison is the first Lensman to be accepted for further training by the Arisians, and leaves weeks later many times stronger and with numerous additional capabilities.  He is now a Second Stage Lensman.

For practice, Kinnison tries out these capabilities by infiltrating a Patrol base and trying to control the mind of a base member from a distance. After he reveals himself to the base commander, he is asked to judge a murder case that the local authorities have been unable to solve. He then reads the minds of the two accused men, finds which one is guilty, and using his mental powers, executes the culprit.

Using the information that Kinnison brought back about the new space drive, the Galactic Patrol quickly rebuilds its ships and goes out pirate hunting again. The Boskonians are being beaten back with the new ships when suddenly all their ships disappear from space.  When they appear again, they have also been rebuilt and are now equal to the best that civilization has to offer. The bloody war goes on.  Ships and men die, but neither side can gain a decisive advantage.

Kinnison locates the headquarters of Helmuth who "speaks for Boskone" and, with the help of the Grand Fleet of the Galactic Patrol, destroys it and kills Helmuth.

Reception
New York Times reviewer Basil Davenport declared that Galactic Patrol was "far above the interplanetary cowboy and Indian school" because of "Smith's ability to create planets with truly original climates and inhabitants" as integral parts of his story. P. Schuyler Miller, reviewing the same 1950 edition favorably for Astounding, declared that "What John Ford is to horse-opera -- Grade A, homogenized -- Doc Smith is to space-opera."

See also
 1937 in science fiction

References

Sources

External links

1938 science fiction novels
1938 American novels
American science fiction novels
Lensman series novels
Novels first published in serial form
Space opera novels
Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact
Fantasy Press books

Galactic Patrol (novel)


Blanche Grambs (1916–2010) was an American artist who is known for her prints depicting the Great Depression, coal miners, the poor, and the unemployed.

Life
She was born in Beijing, China. She trained at the Art Students League in New York under Harry Sternberg. She worked in the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project during the New Deal, beginning in 1936 and producing over 30 prints for the WPA. She created lithographs and intaglio prints.

Grambs was actively political, attending classes in Marxist theory at the New York Workers School and participating in communist rallies. She was arrested in 1936 at an organized sit-in, protesting cuts to the WPA FAP budget. For her art, she traveled to Lanceford, Pennsylvania to create prints and etchings of the coal miners. Grambs' work reflected her political leanings and commitment to social reform.

She married Hugh "Lefty" Miller, and they moved to Paris together. Shortly after their arrival, war broke out, and they moved back to New York, where she continued to work as an artist. Her later work included contributing illustrations to over 30 children's books.

Grambs' work is held in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Detroit Institute of Art, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Baltimore Museum of Art, the British Museum, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the University of Michigan Museum of Art.

Gallery

References

External links

1916 births
2010 deaths
Art Students League of New York alumni
Painters from Beijing
20th-century American painters
American women printmakers
American women painters
20th-century American women artists
Federal Art Project artists
20th-century American printmakers
American women illustrators
American expatriates in China
21st-century American women

Blanche Grambs


Evie Shockley is an American poet. Shockley received the 2012 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Poetry for her book the new black and the 2012 Holmes National Poetry Prize. She was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 2018.

Early life and education
Born in 1965, Shockley is originally from Nashville, Tennessee. Shockley received a BA from Northwestern University, studied law at the University of Michigan from whence she received her JD, and received a PhD in English from Duke University.

Career
Shockley began as an instructor at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. In 2002, she started her career as an assistant professor at Rutgers University-New Brunswick in New Jersey.

Her work toured South Africa in 2007 as part of Biko 30/30, an exhibit dedicated to activist Steve Biko.

She published the book Renegade Poetics: Black Aesthetics and Formal Innovation in African American Poetry in 2011. The book explores the poetics of the Black Arts Movement.

the new black, published in 2011 was lauded by poet Le Hinton and he also said Shockley was the "present and future of poetry." In this book her poetry draws connections within our culture, for instance a poem that cites statistics and black lives through poetry.

In 2017 Shockley released her book of poetry, semiautomatic. Her work includes a kind of collage style that mixes more tradition forms with quizzes or labels and compares historical figures and contemporary cultural icons with scenes of civil rights movements and atrocities of the twenty first century. The title plays with the same kind of pun referring to the gun and also her take on a cycle of contemporary reactions to violence. She dedicated this book to Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi who founded Black Lives Matter.

Awards
In 2012 she was awarded The Holmes National Poetry Prize. She was a MacDowell Colony Fellow in 2013.  Shockley's book, the new black, won the 2012 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award. semiautomatic was a 2017 finalist for The Believer Poetry Award and the LA Times Book Prize.

Bibliography
 The Gorgon Goddess (Carolina Wren Press, 2001)
 a half-red sea (Carolina Wren Press, 2006)
 31 words * prose poems (Belladonna* Books, 2007)
 the new black (Wesleyan University Press, 2011, 2012 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Poetry)
 Renegade Poetics: Black Aesthetics and Formal Innovation in African American Poetry (University Of Iowa Press, 2011)
 semiautomatic (Wesleyan University Press, 2017)

References

External links

 Evie Shockley, Roderick A. Ferguson, Maria A. Windell, Daniel Worden. "Reconsidering Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric. A Symposium, Part I" Los Angeles Review of Books. (6 January 2016)
 Adam McGee, Ed Pavlić, Evie Shockley. "From the Editors: Allies". Boston Review. (23 October 2019)

1965 births
Living people
21st-century American poets
Duke University alumni
The New Yorker people
Northwestern University alumni
Poets from Tennessee
University of Michigan Law School alumni

Evie Shockley


Ruth Berlau (24 August 1906, Charlottenlund – 15 January 1974, East Berlin) was a Danish actress, director, photographer and writer, known for her collaboration with Bertolt Brecht and for founding the Bertolt-Brecht-Archiv in Berlin.

Born to a merchant family, she learned French at a convent school, but had to drop out due to a pregnancy at the age of thirteen. She studied acting and established her Danish reputation playing Anna in Brecht's Drums in the Night. During her teenage years, she financed a bicycle tour of France, by writing up a somewhat fictionalized account of her travels for a Danish newspaper. In 1930, she toured the Soviet Union by bicycle, and on her return joined the Communist Party of Denmark. Later she took part behind the front lines in the Spanish Civil War.

In 1933, she presented herself to the newly arrived Brecht and his wife Helene Weigel, then staying on  Fyn or Thurø and within two years had become his lover. In 1936 or 1939, she divorced her husband, Dr Robert Lund, and threw herself into a collaboration with Brecht, acting as a secretary as well as writing, translating, photographing and directing. With Brecht, Berlau published the short story collection Jedes Tier kann es, considered obscene in its time.

In 1940, she followed the Brecht clan to Sweden, Finland, the USSR and finally to the United States, where a rupture with Brecht took place in 1944. In New York, she gave birth to her only child, who was born premature and only lived for a few days.

After the war, she followed the Brechts to Berlin, but was blacklisted from the Berliner Ensemble by Weigel after Brecht's death in 1956.

Death
She died at age 67 in the Charité hospital after setting her bed alight with a cigarette.

Writings
 Brechts Lai-Tu. Erinnerungen und Notate. Hrsg. und mit einem Nachwort von Hans Bunge. Gudrun Bunge (Mitarbeit). Sammlung Luchterhand. Bd 698, Darmstadt, Neuwied, Luchterhand 1987,
 Jedes Tier kann es. Erzählungen. Mit einem Nachwort von Klaus Völker. Mannheim, Persona-Verlag 1989,  (originally published as Maria Sten (pseud.): Ethvert dyr kan det, København, Arthur Jensens Forlag, 1940)

References

External links

sketch at fembio (in German)
Red Ruth a film documentary
Fuegi's review of the memoirs edited by Hans Bunge

1906 births
1974 deaths
People from Gentofte Municipality
Danish communists
Danish literary critics
Danish women literary critics
Modernist theatre
Danish women short story writers
Danish expatriates in Germany
Danish expatriates in the United States
Danish emigrants
Immigrants to East Germany
Danish women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Danish women writers
20th-century Danish short story writers
Communist women writers
20th-century Danish dramatists and playwrights
Danish women photographers

Ruth Berlau


Substrate may mean:
Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached
Substrate (marine biology), the earthy material in the bottom of a marine habitat, like dirt, rocks, sand, or gravel
Substrate (aquarium), the material used in the bottom of an aquarium
The stratum that is covered by another geologic stratum
Substrate (biochemistry), a molecule an enzyme has an effect on
Substrate (chemistry), the catalytic material upon which chemical species react
Substrate may also mean:
Wafer (electronics), material upon which integrated circuits are fabricated
Printed circuit board (electronics), or the electrically insulating portion of a PCB structure
Substratum, in linguistics, a language that influences but is supplanted by a second language
Neural substrate, in neuroscience, the set of brain structures that underlies a specific behavior or psychological state
Substrate (printing), the base material to which images will be printed

Substrate


Allan Stewart (1865–1951) was a Scottish painter who built his reputation on romantic, historical and particularly military paintings as well as landscapes and portraits.

Life and work
Born in Edinburgh on 11 February 1865, his father being the postmaster at Leith, Stewart was educated at the Edinburgh Institution. He studied art at the Royal Scottish Academy Schools where he was awarded several prizes, and also in Spain and France.

He showed paintings at the RSA, at the Royal Academy, at Glasgow and Liverpool, and at other provincial exhibitions. The paintings included a number depicting military events, including To the memory of brave men: The last stand of Major Allan Wilson at the Shangani, 4 December 1893, exhibited in 1896, The Mazoe relief, June 1896, an incident in the Matabele Rebellion in 1899, and in the following year, The Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman. Another contemporary battle scene by Stewart was The Charge of the Gordon Highlanders at Dargai painted in 1898 and exhibited at the Fine Art Society.

In his paintings of contemporary military scenes, he often called upon veterans who had been present at the actions. For his painting of Rally the Greys for instance, he interviewed veterans of the battle then living in Edinburgh, one of whom lent the artist a rare shell jacket worn during the charge. Others provided him with photographs of some of the officers and copies of letters. When Stewart began work on his painting of Dargai, he was assisted by Lieut.-General W.H. Dick-Cunyingham VC. Besides his oil paintings, he also illustrated many books on travel including works on Ceylon and British North Borneo, and history.

Stewart served on the staff of the Illustrated London News for a number of years and in this capacity, went to South Africa as a "special" artist during the Boer War. One picture from this period was The Yorkshire Regiment and New Zealanders repulsing the Boers near Colesberg, Cape Colony. He also accompanied King Edward VII on his Mediterranean tours During the First World War, He served as a captain in the Royal Engineers and for some time was attached to the Australian and American forces. Two of his paintings of the war are The Charge of the Scots Greys at Quenlin and The road back, Templeux-le-Guérard, 30 September 1918.

He worked at Kenley, Surrey until around 1925 before moving to Rose Cottage in St John's Town of Dalry near Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, where he died on 29 January 1951, aged 85 leaving his wife and three children. He is buried in Dalry Churchyard.

Paintings
 Queen Mary going to her execution
 Prince Charles's Last look at Scotland
 Royal Company of Archers (portrait group) Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh)
 "Rally the Greys!" Balaklava, 25 October 1854 (1895  – Royal Scots Dragoon Guards)
 To the Memory of Brave Men: The Last Stand of Major Allan Wilson at the Shangani, 4 December 1893 (1896  – Bulawayo Museum, Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe))
 To the Memory of Brave Men: The Last Stand of Major Allan Wilson at the Shangani, 4 December 1893 (1896  – Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth)
 The Charge of the Gordon Highlanders at Dargai (1898  – 48th Highlanders of Canada Officer's Mess, Toronto)
 The Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman (1899  – Cavalry & Guards Club, London)
 A royal fugitive, 1746 (1906)
 The Charge of the Scots Greys at Quenlin
 The Road Back, Templeaux-Le-Guérard, 30 September 1918 (1925  – Australian War Memorial, Canberra)

References

Further reading
 Harrington, Peter. (1993). British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914. London: Greenhill.
 Obituary, The Times, 31 January 1951, page 8.

External links

People educated at Stewart's Melville College
19th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
20th-century Scottish painters
1865 births
1951 deaths
Painters from Edinburgh
19th-century war artists
World War I artists
British war artists
Magazine illustrators
19th-century Scottish male artists
20th-century Scottish male artists

Allan Stewart (artist)


Stanford Caldwell Hooper (August 16, 1884 – April 6, 1955) was a Rear Admiral of the United States Navy, and a noted radio pioneer who has been called "the Father of Naval Radio". Hooper conducted pioneering radio tests, established land stations for communication with the fleet, and served as technical advisor and head of many boards and committees dealing with communications.

Biography
Hooper was born in Colton, California, and educated in the San Bernardino public schools. At age 8 his father built him a telegraph transmitter and taught him Morse code; by age 10 he was working as a relief telegraph operator during summer vacations. He entered the United States Naval Academy at age 15, and after graduation in 1905 served on various ships. From 1910-1911 he taught electricity, physics, and chemistry at the Naval Academy, then from 1912-1914 (and again 1923-1925) served as the first Fleet Radio Officer, where he created the Navy's tactical signaling codes. During 1915-1917, 1919–1923 and 1926-1928 he was in charge of the Navy's Radio Division.  In 1917-1918 he commanded the , for which he was awarded the Navy Cross for distinguished service.  In 1922 he supervised installation of the first wireless telephone in the White House for President Warren Harding. In 1928 he was appointed the Chief Engineer for the new Federal Radio Commission, the predecessor of the Federal Communications Commission.  Afterward he served as Director of Naval Communications from 1928 to 1934, and on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations in various capacities until June 1942, having won promotion to rear admiral in June 1938.  He was forcibly retired in January 1943 following a clash with Federal Communications Commission chairman James Lawrence Fly in mid-1942, though remained activated until June 1945.  He became a contractor with commercial electronics firms after retiring until his death.

Awards and honors
Hooper received the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1934 "for the orderly planning and systematic organization of radio communication in the Government Service with which he is associated, and the concomitant and resulting advances in the development of radio equipment and procedure." In 1945 he received the Elliott Cresson Medal for research in radio electronics from the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, and in 1948 an honorary LL.D. from Drury College. He also received the French Légion d'honneur, the Department of Navy Electronics Trophy, and the Marconi Medal of Honor. The destroyer  was named in his honor, and he is honored annually via the Rear Admiral S. C. Hooper Trophy.

References

Sources
 IEEE History Center biography
 Susan J. Douglas, "The Navy Adopts the Radio, 1899-1919", in Military Enterprise and Technological Change: Perspectives on the American Experience, Merritt Roe Smith (ed.), MIT Press, 1985, pages 154-174. .
 "Wireless Telephone Receiver Installed in Harding's Study", The New York Times, February 9, 1922.
 USS Hooper (DE-1026)

1884 births
1955 deaths
Engineers from California
American electrical engineers
Radio pioneers
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
United States Navy rear admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Navy World War II admirals
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
People from Colton, California
Military personnel from California

Stanford Caldwell Hooper


Karl Hagedorn (1922–2005) was a German American painter, who worked on lithographs and etchings. He should not be confused with another artist of the same name, who was born in Berlin in 1889, settled in Manchester, England, in 1905, and died in 1969.

Biography
Hagedorn was born 1922 in Güntersberge (Harz) in Germany. From 1956 to 1959, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, designing and executing mosaics and murals. In 1959 he emigrated to the United States, where he lived and worked in St. Paul, Minnesota, as a free-lance artist. From 1962 to 1965 he designed stained glass windows and became Art Director at the Catholic Digest. From 1960 to 1972 he was a faculty member of St. Paul Art Center and in 1971 and 1972, also a faculty member of Hamline University, both in St.Paul. He then traveled for six months through Europe, before returning to the USA. From 1973 to 1997 he worked and lived in New York. In 1998, he moved to Philadelphia, where he died in October 2005. Since 1967 his works have been shown frequently in both one-man and group exhibitions in the United States and Europe. He had numerous individual exhibitions in galleries, and participation in museum and group exhibitions. His work is represented in many public collections, including the Neues Museum Nürnberg.

Awards
1966: First Award for Graphic, Minnesota State Fair Exhibition and
Purchase Award / "Drawing USA", St. Paul Art Center.
1967: Merit Award, "Minnesota Biennal", Minneapolis Institute of Arts.

Work
Hagedorn was always interested in one theme: Man and machine. "In the early USA paintings of Hagedorn, there appear, at first sparingly and later on in increasing numbers technical components – fragments of machinery, graphic elements, traffic and sign symbols. The more the human figure becomes abstract and geometrical, almost robot-like, the more the abstract parts become humanized, softer and more supple, as if they wished increasingly to assume a human nature."(Wolfgang Horn quoted in Hagedorn, 1998)

In the spring and summer of 2014 the Anita Shapolsky Gallery on the Upper East Side in New York City exhibited "Symbolic Abstraction" by Hagedorn.

Quotes
"My painting developed itself from the human form. Herein lies the key to all future works. The mechanism of the organic, the electrical-chemical-physical system of the brain, the neurological system [...] – all of this interests me more and more. I understand these things indirectly [...] to interpret, to react to them [...]. In this respect, mechanical elements, graphic and cartographic symbols, words or parts of words, letters and figures represent connections to the human system [...]. The human figure, in its external appearance, disappeared from my paintings; the configuration of an idea or idea or image of humans – in the cosmos – is what I try to make visible." (Karl Hagedorn in conversation with Curt Heigl)

Publication
Karl Hagedorn – European Roots – American Blossoms, edited by Klaus D.Bode, Nürnberg 1998,

References

External links
 Information and pictures about Hagedorn

1922 births
2005 deaths
People from Harz (district)
People from the Free State of Anhalt
Emigrants from West Germany to the United States
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
American etchers
Artists from Minnesota
20th-century American printmakers
20th-century American male artists
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
Hamline University faculty

Karl Hagedorn (1922–2005)