Thomas Wilkinson King (1809 – 26 March 1847) was an English pathologist and anatomist. He has been called "the father of endocrinology" because of a landmark paper he wrote about the thyroid gland while working at Guy's Hospital.

Early life and education
King was born in 1809 and was educated in London and Paris. He became a doctor like his father, who practised in Dover, and began training at Guy's Hospital as a teenager in 1824. He was appointed curator of the Guy's Hospital museum, a position previously held by Thomas Hodgkin, in 1837, and three years later became a lecturer in comparative anatomy and comparative physiology. He also lectured in anatomical pathology and wrote prolifically in the Guy's Hospital Reports, particularly about cancer.

Career
King has been called "the father of endocrinology" because of an important paper he wrote about the thyroid gland, where he proposed the concept of internal secretion of hormones into the bloodstream. The paper was published in the Guy's Hospital Reports in 1836, and fell into obscurity until it was discussed by Sir Humphry Rolleston at the Fitzpatrick Lecture in 1933. His paper described in detail the anatomy of the thyroid gland and theorised that, because of the thyroid's significant vascular supply and "peculiar" fluid, the blood vessels transported the thyroid's secretions throughout the body. He also proposed that the levels of thyroid secretions would vary during the day since the gland was subjected to periodic compression during chewing and movement of the nearby oesophagus, larynx and neck muscles.

Later life and death
King was one of the original Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England upon its establishment in December 1843. At that time, he was living and practising at 36 Bedford Square in London. He died of tuberculosis in 1847.

References

1809 births
1847 deaths
English anatomists
English pathologists
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Physicians of Guy's Hospital
Tuberculosis deaths in England

Thomas Wilkinson King


Classical Greece was the period in ancient Greece from about 500–323 BC. It had a civilisation and style which was considered by later observers to be outstanding. Politically, the classical period was dominated by Athens and the Delian League during the 5th century, or from the  beginning of the Greco-Persian Wars to the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. It is considered to have ended in 323 BC with the death of Alexander the Great and the subsequent collapse of the Macedonian Empire.

Classical Greece was followed by the Hellenistic period of history.

Ancient Greece

Classical Greece


Peninsula () makes up the southern tip of Vietnam. It is in Cà Mau Province, and lies between the Gulf of Thailand to the west and the South China Sea to the east.

Cà Mau is a triangular stretch of land, with a maximum length of 130 miles and average height of seven feet above the sea level. Its formation is almost totally the result of the deposits of the Mekong River, which is also behind the Cape Bai formation at the tail end of the peninsula.

Cà Mau's climate can be said to be tropical monsoonal year round except for the two to three months in winter when it sees a relatively dry climate.

Economy
Roads came to the Cà Mau after the Second World War. The peninsula's geographic features change dramatically as it tapers southward, the plains giving way to dense, tropical mangrove swamps. The serpentine waterways of the swamps have been a rich source of fish for the locals. The economy of the region is based on cultivated as well as natural products. Rice, honey, wax, fibre mats and fish are some of the things the locals of the region trade and export. The Cà Mau Peninsula was also once a citadel of the Viet Minh and Viet Cong guerrillas.

References

Peninsulas of Vietnam
Landforms of Cà Mau province

Cà Mau Peninsula


The Região das Hortênsias, in English "Hydrangea Flower Region", is a tourist destination in the Serra Gaúcha region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The cities in this region are: Nova Petrópolis, Gramado, Canela and São Francisco de Paula.

The Região das Hortênsias was created in 1989 to foment tourism in the area; However, the Região das Hortênsias is officially a "sindicato" or union established to help business development in the hospitality sector throughout the region.

Some in the region still speak German or the Brazilian variation of the German Hunsrückisch dialect called Riograndenser Hunsrückisch.

External links
Região das Hortênsias website (in Portuguese)

Geography of Rio Grande do Sul

Região das Hortênsias


Bottled water is drinking water packaged in plastic or glass water bottles. Various types of water are used such as well water, distilled water, mineral water or spring water. Some bottled water is carbonated. Sizes can range from small single serving bottles, to large containers used for water coolers.

Drinking water

Bottled water


Albert Reynolds Morse (October 20, 1914 – August 15, 2000) was an American businessman and philanthropist. His wife, Eleanor Reese Morse (October 21, 1912 – July 1, 2010) was also an American philanthropist. They founded the Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Early life and education
Reynolds Morse was born in Denver, Colorado to Bradish P. and Anna Morse. His father ran the specialist mining and machinery concern, Morse Brothers Machinery Company. His mother was the daughter of pioneer Albert Eugene Reynolds.

Reynolds Morse graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He then took an MBA at the Harvard Business School. For a decade after his MBA, Reynolds worked in industry before starting his own firm, Injection Molders Supply Company in 1949.

Reese Morse was the daughter of Cleveland pharmaceuticals manufacturer George Reese. After graduating from the Hathaway Brown School, she earned a bachelor's degree in music from Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida in 1937. She was initiated into the Florida Gamma chapter of Pi Beta Phi chapter at Rollins College.

Occupational life
Reynolds Morse had many business, writing and collecting interests in addition to the collection of Salvador Dalí's paintings which he and Reese Morse built up and to running Injection Molders Supply Company. For instance, he published "Injection Molding News"; added to the rock collection of the Denver Natural History Museum where he was a trustee, and he collected George Elbert Burr manuscript materials which he donated to the Denver Public Library.

Reynolds Morse also authored George Elbert Burr: Etcher of the American West and published an anthology of his own, which he called Some Fifty Unprofessional Poems, as well as Gold Links Tailings in memory of his maternal grandfather. Reynolds Morse collected and wrote about the works of M. P. Shiel. Reynolds' The Works of M. P. Shiel was published in 1948; he later turned this work into a four-tome set and added The Quest for Redonda and The New King. In 1989 Reynolds donated his Shiel collection to Olin Library at Rollins College.

The Morses' diligent collecting and their friendship with Gala and Salvador Dalí produced a valuable art collection that is now housed in the Salvador Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The Salvador Dalí Museum is said to be the world's most comprehensive collection of Dalí's works.

The year of their marriage the Morses began their long friendship with Dalí and on March 21, 1943, acquired their first Dalí work, Daddy Longlegs of the Evening - Hope!; early in April 1943 they acquired The Archaeological Reminiscence of Millet's "Angelus". Over time, becoming patrons of Dalí, the Morses acquired works by Dalí which they found both captivating and intriguing. Their absorption by the artist's work led Reynolds to author numerous studies of Dalí and his œuvre and Eleanor to translate from French to English numerous books about Dalí and his œuvre. In 1969, the Morses purchased The Hallucinogenic Toreador, before it was completed.

From 1971 to 1980, the Morses' considerable Dalí collection was on show in Beachwood, Ohio at the Salvador Dalí Museum, which was established there in a wing of their business premises. During that time the collection grew and required larger accommodation.

The Morses began the search for a new, permanent home for their collection. After seeing an article in the Wall Street Journal, "U.S. Art World Dillydallies over Dalí", St. Petersburg attorney James W. Martin persuaded local leaders to approach the Morses to choose St. Petersburg. With the financial support of the City of St. Petersburg and the State of Florida, the collection was housed in the Salvador Dalí Museum, formerly a warehouse on the waterfront, which opened in March 1982. A new, larger and more storm-secure museum near the current one, opened in 1-11-11 (at 11:11 am).
"Sharing their knowledge and understanding of Salvador Dalí and his art has been a lifelong mission for this dedicated couple."

Personal life
The Morses married in 1943. They had one son, Brad.

Reynolds Morse died on August 15, 2000, in Seminole, Florida, after a long illness. He was 85.

Reese Morse died on July 1, 2010, in St. Petersburg, Florida, of natural causes. She was 97.

References

External links
 Salvador Dalí Museum website
 Smithsonian Archives of American Art referring to Mr Morse's Journals, 1956–1973, in which (amongst other topics) the subject of lending art works, the carelessness of the museums, and insurance issues are discussed.
 Olin Library, Florida The A. Reynolds Morse collection is located in the Shiel Room of the Olin Library, 1000 Holt Avenue, Rollins College, Winter Park FL 32789, 407-646-2521.

Married couples
American manufacturing businesspeople
American philanthropists
American art collectors
Harvard Business School alumni
Businesspeople from Cleveland
Businesspeople from Denver
Rollins College alumni
University of Colorado alumni
20th-century American businesspeople

Reynolds and Eleanor Morse


A television station is a commercial business or organization that transmits their signals directly to television receivers (TV sets). It usually has a studio for making TV shows. Television transmissions can be broadcast using analog television signals or digital television signals. Broadcast television standards are set by the government. These standards vary around the world. Analog television stations usually broadcast their signals on one television channel. Digital television stations broadcast their signals over one or more subchannels.

The term "television stations" is normally applied to earth-based television stations and not to cable television or satellite television broadcasting. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency. That agency sets the rules which television stations must follow. In the United States, for example, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licenses television channels.

Affiliates
In the United States, stations are normally either "affiliates" or "independants". Affiliates are stations that are a part of a network. Most networks are nation-wide. Affiliates get much of the programs that they broadcast from the network. It is common for affiliates to broadcast the programs it gets from the network during the primetime hours of 8pm to 11pm and broadcast syndicated  or local programing during the rest of the day. Local programing often includes local news, weather and traffic reports. Independant station are not a part of a larger network. They normally provide locally created or syndicated programs and movies.

For example, KTLA is the CW affiliate in Los Angeles. They broadcast programs that are provided to them by the national network The CW. It also broadcast locally created sports and news programs.

References

Television station


Legends (derived from Latin legenda) are stories in oral tradition passed on by word of mouth.

The word is also used for famous or historically significant people, places, events, etc. We sometimes say of someone who is extremely famous that they are a "legend" or "of legendary fame".

Examples of legends are Ali Baba, the Fountain of Youth, Paul Bunyan, Bogeyman, Kraken, Sirens, Atlantis, the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, and Yeti.  Some legends are stories about real people; others are not. Odysseus and Robin Hood for example may have been real but most the stories about them are definitely fiction.

For some places, legends are the earliest history. For example, the origin of ancient Rome is known only from legends, as are the earliest dynasties in the history of China.

Oral tradition

Legend


Scroogled (a portmanteau of "screwed" and "Google")
was a Microsoft attack advertising campaign that ran between November 2012 and 2014. Created by Mark Penn, the campaign sought primarily to attack a competing company, Google, by pointing out disadvantages and criticism of their products and services in comparison to those run by Microsoft (particularly, Bing and Outlook.com). The original campaign focused on Google Shopping's change to a pay-per-click model, with later campaigns focusing upon Google's use of user data for targeted advertising, and the capabilities of the ChromeOS platform in comparison to Windows.

History
Although Microsoft had attacked Google in its advertising before, the Scroogled campaign began in November 2012, attacking the Google Shopping service for its shift to a pay-per-click (PPC) model in which retailers are required to pay Google to have products listed, and are ranked in search results by their payments and relevance. The site suggested that users use Microsoft's competing Bing Shopping service instead, which had previously vowed not to shift to a PPC model.

The next campaign in February 2013 incorporated elements of advocacy, attacking Gmail for using the contents of messages to generate targeted advertising, and recommending Outlook.com instead. The site also featured a survey of 1,000 users against the service's advertising practices, and a petition calling upon Google to stop engaging in the practice.

In April 2013, Microsoft attacked Android, citing a recent allegation that Google Play Store had been, without disclosure, leaking basic personal information about users (including names, email addresses, and phone numbers) to application developers.

In August 2013, alongside the launch of its Bing for Schools initiative, Microsoft argued that Google's use of advertising on search results pages in an educational environment could "distract [students] from their studies", unlike the ad-free version of Bing that can be enabled through the Bing for Schools program.

In November 2013, Microsoft began to offer Scroogled merchandise through Microsoft Store, such as shirts and mugs featuring designs attacking Google's privacy practices. That same month, Microsoft also released a Scroogled ad starring Rick Harrison in parody of his television series Pawn Stars, which saw Harrison rejecting a Chromebook at his pawn shop due to its reliance on web-based software, as opposed to a "traditional" computer with Windows and Office.

In March 2021, Google began complaining about Microsoft's "Scroogled playbook" in an official Google blog post.

Legacy
After terminating the Scroogled campaign, Microsoft redirected its website "scroogled.com" to "whymicrosoft.com", a website that argues that Microsoft's products are better than those of other companies. The website later was updated to redirect to microsoft.com/together, and later to microsoft.com/resilience. The website now redirects to https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/flexibility/.

References

External links

 Last crawled version on Wayback Machine
 YouTube Channel

Microsoft advertising campaigns

Scroogled


The word kickboxing represents a sport of combat of striking which is practised on ring. In the years 1960, in the United States, the sharp interest for the karate and for the other martial arts (kempo, kung-fu, taekwondo, bando, etc.) and the desire of several mass media does developping the things.

Various styles of martial practices developped with the various forms of contact. Many champions wanting to know the special end easy recognized qualities of their techniques, helped in causing their gradual change. Competitions were arranged in lot of different styles of combat; like Jhoon Rhee's United States National Karate Championship, the Ed Parker's Battle of Atlanta, and from the 1963 they opens on ring of Bando kickboxing (form come to have of the ancient Burmese boxing brought in from another country by the person with special skill Maung Gyi). Other important competitions like Mas Oyama's All Worth America Championship (Karate Kyokushinkai to the K.O.) has changed the traditional competitions of karate from yet arranged without contact.

Also, the Bruce Lee's (famous cinema actor, in the middle of the years 1970) and Jhoon Rhee's (Alan Steen's, Jeff Smith's and Gordon Franks's teacher) idea of fighting with protections and gloves, has opened a new way for all the persons who like "real combat". At the beginning, American kickboxing is rules of competition. Such rules allow the competitors of the various martial practices to compete in a certain kind of fighting (at the beginning that ones of the WKA - World Karate Association). If is so much the main opinion that is become one of the forms of sport of combat produced by the martial arts more practised in the world.

Among the most known world systems, loaded with the management of the professional and amateur designations as champions in the boxes pieds-poings we have: the WKA (World Kickboxing Association) that had been founded in the USA in the 1976, the WAKO (World Association of KickBoxing Organizations) that had been founded in Germany in the 1978 (WAKO has its origins in the organization of amateur gatherings), the ISKA (that had been founded in 1986) that came from the PKA that did the development of the full contact at the beginning and the WKN (that had been founded in the 1997).

Related pages

References
 Japanese kickboxing

Other websites
  Mikes Miles, A History of Kickboxing

International federations:
  WKA-Head office, World Kickboxing Association  that had been founded in 1976 (Founder, Howard Hanson, USA)
  WKA-Europe, World Kickboxing Association Europe (Germany)
   ISKA-Head office, International Sport Kickboxing Association that had been founded in 1986
  ISKA-Europe, International Sport Kickboxing Association Europe Europe (Hungary)
   WAKO-Head office, World Association of Kickboxing Organizations  that had been founded in 1978 (Founder, George Bruckner, Germany)
  WKN-Head office World Kickboxing Network  that had been founded in 1999 (Founder, Stéphane Cabrera, France)
  The Kombat League Federation

Sources
Alain Delmas, 1. Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la boxe et des autres boxes, Amiens, 1981-2005 - 2. Lexique de combatique, Ligue Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, 1975

Kickboxing

American kickboxing


"Be Strong" is a pop ballad written by Bridget Benenate, Matthew Gerrard, and Delta Goodrem, produced by Gerrard for Goodrem's second album Mistaken Identity (2004). It was released as the album's fifth and final single in Australia as a digital download on 17 October 2005. At the time of release, digital downloads were not included as part of the main singles chart, therefore "Be Strong" was ineligible to chart. In the DVD for her album Mistaken Identity, Goodrem reveals she wrote the song in support of her good friend and fellow cancer sufferer, late actress Belinda Emmett.

"Be Strong" was released with two exclusive and previously unreleased live B-sides: "Be Strong" and "Last Night on Earth", both recorded at the Sydney Super Dome on Goodrem's 2005 Visualise Tour. The video for "Be Strong" was also a hit on both the TV and the internet, taking out the number-one spot on the Yahoo! Music Video chart. It featured footage from Goodrem's before-mentioned, Visualise Tour in 2005.

The single was also released as a strictly limited edition promotional CD single. Sony BMG confirmed that 100 of these CD singles were pressed, 10 of which were the major prize in a competition on Goodrem's official website.

Track listing
Limited edition CD single
 "Be Strong"

Digital download
 "Be Strong"
 "Be Strong" (Visualise Tour Live 2005)
 "Last Night on Earth" (Visualise Tour Live 2005)

External links
Song Lyrics

2004 songs
2005 singles
Delta Goodrem songs
Songs written by Matthew Gerrard
Songs written by Bridget Benenate
Songs written by Delta Goodrem
Pop ballads
Song recordings produced by Matthew Gerrard
Epic Records singles

Be Strong (song)


Evolutionary developmental biology interprets development in the light of evolution and modern genetics. It is called for short 'evo-devo'.

In On the Origin of Species (1859), Charles Darwin proposed evolution through natural selection, a theory central to modern biology. Darwin recognised the importance of embryonic development in the understanding of evolution:
"We can see why characters derived from the embryo should be of equal importance with those derived from the adult, for a natural classification of course includes all ages".

Ernst Haeckel (1866) proposed that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", that is, the development of the embryo of every species (ontogeny) repeats the evolutionary development of that species (phylogeny). Haeckel's concept explained, for example, why humans, and indeed all vertebrates, have gill slits and tails early in embryonic development. His theory has since been largely discredited.

The modern evolutionary synthesis
A renewed interest in the evolution of development came after the modern evolutionary synthesis (roughly 1936 to 1947). The conventional view had been that evo-devo had little influence on the evolutionary synthesis, but the following suggests otherwise.

Gavin de Beer
In Embryos and evolution (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis in evolution.

According to his theories, paedomorphosis (the retention of juvenile features in the adult form) is important in evolution because juvenile tissues are relatively undifferentiated and capable of further evolution, whereas highly specialised tissues are less able to change.

He also conceived the idea of clandestine evolution, which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradualist theory of evolution.

If a novelty were to evolve gradually in an animal's juvenile form, then its development might not appear in the fossil record at all, but if the species were then to undergo neoteny, in which sexual maturity is reached while in a juvenile form, then the feature would appear suddenly in the fossil record, despite having evolved gradually.

"In a series of remarkable books that established the synthetic theory of evolution, Gavin de Beer's Embryology and evolution was the first and the shortest (1930; expanded and retitled Embryos and ancestors, 1940; 3rd ed 1958). In 116 pages de Beer brought embryology into the developing orthodoxy... for more than forty years, this book has dominated English thought on the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny". Stephen Gould p221

Stephen Jay Gould called this approach to explaining evolution as terminal addition; as if every evolutionary advance was added as new stage by reducing the duration of the older stages. The idea was based on observations of neoteny. This was extended by the more general idea of heterochrony (changes in timing of development) as a mechanism for evolutionary change.

Neoteny and Man

It has often been suggested that the human species is, at least to some extent, an example of neoteny. These features of adult humans are different from those of adult great apes, but more similar to those of juvenile apes:

These are some of the neotenous traits in humans: flattened face, broadened face, large brain, hairless body, hairless face, small nose, reduction of brow ridge, small teeth, small upper jaw (maxilla), small lower jaw (mandible), thinness of skull bones, limbs proportionately short compared to torso length, longer leg than arm length, larger eyes, and upright stance.

Even more significant is the way that humans continue to learn and play into adult life, whereas in apes (and other mammals) this kind of behaviour is usually shown only in juveniles. This strongly suggest that our brain activities are, at least in this respect, more similar to juvenile apes than to adult apes.

Genetics and evo-devo

E.B. Lewis
Modern interest in evo-devo springs from clear proof that development is closely controlled by special genetic systems involving hox genes.

In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly Drosophila, Edward B. Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The latter then activate or repress systems of cellular processes that accomplish the final development of the organism.

Furthermore, the sequence of these control genes show co-linearity: the order of the loci in the chromosome parallels the order in which the loci are expressed in segments along the body. Not only that, but this cluster of master control genes programs the development of all higher organisms.

Each of the genes contains a homeobox, a remarkably conserved DNA sequence, which is similar in many widely different animals. This suggests the complex itself arose by gene duplication. In his Nobel lecture, Lewis said "Ultimately, comparisons of the [control complexes] throughout the animal kingdom should provide a picture of how the organisms, as well as the [control genes] have evolved".

In 2000, a special section of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) was devoted to evo-devo, and an entire 2005 issue of the Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution was devoted to the key evo-devo topics of evolutionary innovation and morphological novelty.

Further reading
Carroll, Sean B. 2005. Endless forms most beautiful: the new science of evo devo. New York: Norton.

References

Evolutionary biology
Developmental biology

Evolutionary developmental biology


The Summer Sonic Festival is a music festival in Japan. It is in Chiba and Osaka for three days in summer. It is planned and run by Creativeman Production.

History
In 2000, Creativeman Production planned a music festival at its 10th year anniversary of the company. They named it "Summer Sonic Festival," and held it at Yamanashi and Osaka. In 2001, they changed the event site, Yamanashi, to Chiba, because it was difficult to make a big stage in Yamanashi. In 2003, all of the tickets were sold out for the first time. It is considered to be the reason why all of the tickets were sold out is that famous UK bands, Blur and Radiohead, performed that year. In 2009, the festival was held for three days for the first time to celebrate its 10th festival. In addition, the number of artists who participated became approximately 180, and it was the most ever since the festival was held. On August 26 and 27, 2017, The festival was held in Shanghai for the first time. In 2020, the festival was cancelled because Tokyo Olympics and paralympics were going to be held at Makuhari Messe. However, the festival was held online as SUMMER SONIC 2020 ARCHIVE FESTIVAL. Moreover, on 19 to 21, September Super Sonic was going to be held as an alternative event, but no one knows when artists will be able to enter Japan due to COVID-19, so it was postponed to 2020.

Place
In 2000, the festival was held in SOUNDCONIFER229, Fuji-Q Highland, Yamanashi, and WTC Openair stadium, Osaka. Ever since 2001, the team running the festival changed the event site, Yamanashi, to Makuhari Messe and Chiba Marine Stadium, Chiba.

Attendance figures
In 2000, approximately 68 thousand people participated in the festival. In 2009, approximately 246 thousand participated in the festival. This is the most attendance figures ever since the festival was held. The number of attendance figures increased gradually since 2000, and reached a peak in 2009. it tends to decline a little since 2014, but still many people are participating in this festival.

Artists
The first headliners of Summer Sonic Festival are The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion(JSBX) and Green Day. In 2003, Blur and Radiohead. In 2009, My Chemical Romance , Linkin Park and Beyonce. In 2014, Queen + Adam Lambert, and Chemical Brothers. In 2017, LUNA SEA and Travis. Actually, Placebo, a UK band, was going to perform, but they could not come to Japan. So Travis performed instead of Placebo. In 2019, Red Hot Chili Peppers, B'z, and The Chainsmokers.

References

2000 establishments in Japan
Music festivals
Festivals in Japan
Chiba Prefecture
Osaka

Summer Sonic Festival


Samuel Cocking (19 March 1845 in Camberwell London – 26 February 1914 in Yokohama, Japan) was a merchant in Yokohama arriving in 1869, shortly after the "Opening of Japan".  Although he was born in Ireland, he moved with his parents to Australia at a young age and grew up mostly in Melbourne. In Japan he is known for the large greenhouse () and gardens that he developed in Enoshima that bears his name. However, a lot about his life and achievements are still not common knowledge in Japan.

He married Miyata Riki in 1872. Although Cocking and Miyata Riki did not have any children of their own, they adopted Miyata Riki's niece after her mother died at a young age. Cocking is buried in the Miyata family plot in a Buddhist cemetery in Yokohama, which is unusual for foreigners living in Japan at that time. Most foreigners (including Cocking's younger sister Florence who died shortly after joining her brother in Japan) were interred at the well known and well researched foreigners cemetery in Yokohama.

His company, "Cocking & Co" specialized in trading Japanese curios, art and antiques as well as importing chemicals, drugs, scientific and laboratory apparatus. He imported carbolic acid (phenol) which was used as a disinfectant, particularly against cholera. It is noted during one cholera outbreak he distributed his stock of carbolic acid free of charge. He exported peppermint oil – refined from peppermint grown in Yamagata prefecture. He is credited for introducing soap, bicycles, the electric lightbulb to Japan. He was also heavily involved in the fledgling photographic industry in Japan, importing photographic materials and chemicals and organizing the first photographic society in Japan. He also helped the foundation of Konishi Honten, a photographic store that would become Konica.

In 1880, he purchased (in his wife's name) the highlands, including derelict Buddhist shrines, on the island of Enoshima and began building the botanical gardens and a villa. The State Shinto 'Abolish the Buddha. Destroy Sakyamuni' policy Haibutsu kishaku (廃仏毀釈) of the new Meiji government had made the land available.

It was during the years of anti-Buddhist sentiment in Japan that Cocking was heavily involved in the Japanese curios trade. One famous incident involved Cocking being offered the Kamakura Daibutsu for 'a song'. He refused to buy the Daibutsu – no doubt feeling it had too much cultural importance to Japan and should remain in the country.

In 1887, he added a power plant (which was later the origin of the Yokohama Cooperative Electric Light Company). His garden is now operated by the city of Fujisawa as the Samuel Cocking Garden renamed after remains of Cocking's greenhouse were rediscovered during renovation work on the lighthouse and gardens.

External links
Enoshima Jinja Shrine
Samuel Cocking and the Rise of Japanese Photography by Dr Luke Gartlan

British expatriates in Japan
Irish emigrants to Japan
1842 births
1914 deaths
19th-century Irish people
People from Camberwell
Businesspeople from London
19th-century English businesspeople

Samuel Cocking


Taylor Holmes (May 16, 1878 – September 30, 1959) was an American actor who appeared in over 100 Broadway plays in his five-decade career. However, he is probably best remembered for his screen performances, which he began in silent films in 1917.

Early life
Holmes was born on May 16, 1878, in Newark, New Jersey.

Career

Stage
He made his Broadway debut in February 1900 in the controversial play Sapho, which was briefly closed for indecency. Holmes played Rosencrantz with E. H. Sothern in a production of Hamlet and toured with Robert Edeson. He appeared in stage hits such as The Commuters, The Music Master, and His Majesty Bunker Bean.

Film

Early film appearances included Efficiency Edgar's Courtship and Fools for Luck. One of his first starring roles was in A Pair of Sixes (1918).

By the 1940s, he was working more on film than on stage. Holmes played a number of memorable roles, particularly in film noir, including the gullible millionaire conned in Nightmare Alley (1947), a shifty lawyer in Kiss of Death (1947), and as Gavery, a reptilian disbarred lawyer in Act of Violence (1949). He is also recognized for playing the Bishop of Avranches, who fiercely denounces Pierre Cauchon in the Ingrid Bergman Joan of Arc (1948), Marilyn Monroe's potential father-in-law in the 1953 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes ("I don't want to marry your son for his money, I want to marry him for your money!"), and the voice of King Stefan in Disney's animated feature Sleeping Beauty (1959), Holmes' last credited screen role. He also played Ebenezer Scrooge in a low-budget half-hour television version of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, first telecast in 1949.

Personal life
Holmes was married to actress Edna Phillips and was the father of actors Phillips Holmes, Madeleine Taylor Holmes, and Ralph Holmes.

Eight months after the release of Sleeping Beauty, Holmes died on September 30, 1959, at the age of 81.

Legacy
Holmes has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. His interment was in Culver City's Holy Cross Cemetery.

Partial filmography
Silent
Efficiency Edgar's Courtship (1917) (short) as Edgar Bumpus
Fools for Luck (1917) as Philander Jepson
Two-Bit Seats (1917) as Jimmy Mason
 The Small Town Guy (1917) as Ernest Gledhill
Uneasy Money (1918) as Lord Dawlish
Ruggles of Red Gap (1918) as Marmaduke Ruggles
 A Pair of Sixes (1918) as T. Boggs Johns
It's a Bear (1919) as Orlando Wintrhop
 A Regular Fellow (1919) (*George Eastman preserved) as Dalion Pemberton
Taxi (1919) as Robert Hervey Randolph
Upside Down (1919) as Archibald Pim
Three Black Eyes (1919) as Larry Van Cortlandt
 Nothing But the Truth (1920) as Robert Bennett
The Very Idea (1920) as Gilbert Goodhue
Nothing but Lies (1920) as George Cross
Twenty Dollars a Week (1924) as William Hart
Her Market Value (1925) as Courtney Brooks
 The Crimson Runner (1925) as Bobo (valet)
 The Verdict (1925) as Valet
Borrowed Finery (1925) as Billy
 One Hour of Love (1927) as Joe Monahan
Should a Mason Tell? (1927) (short) as Henry
Their Second Honeymoon (1927) (short) as Henry
King Harold (1927) (short) as Henry

Sound

Lovers' Delight (1929, Short)
He Did His Best (1929, Short)
Let Me Explain (1930, Short)
Dad Knows Best (1930, Short)
 Terry of the 'Times''' (1930) (unconfirmed, uncredited)
 It Happened in Paris (1932)
 Before Morning (1933) as Leo Bergman
 The First Baby (1936) as Mr. Wells
 The Crime of Dr. Forbes (1936) as Dr. Robert Empey
 Make Way for a Lady (1936) as George Terry
 Boomerang (1947) as T.M. Wade
 Kiss of Death (1947) as Earl Howser--Attorney
 Nightmare Alley (1947) as Ezra Grindle
 Let's Live Again (1948) as Uncle Jim
 Smart Woman (1948) as Dr. Jasper
 Hazard (1948) as Mr. Meeler
 The Plunderers (1948) as Eben Martin
 Joan of Arc (1948) as The Bishop of Avranches
 That Wonderful Urge (1948) as Attorney Rice
 Act of Violence (1948) as Gavery
 Joe Palooka in the Big Fight (1949) as Dr. Benson
 Mr. Belvedere Goes to College (1949) as Dr. Gibbs
 Once More, My Darling (1949) as Jed Connell
 A Christmas Carol (1949) as Ebeneezer Scrooge
 Woman in Hiding (1950) as Jed Connell
 Mr. Belvedere Goes to College (1950) as Lucius Maury
 Quicksand (1950) as Harvey
 Caged (1950) as Senator Ted Donnolly (uncredited)
 Father of the Bride (1950) as Warner
 Bright Leaf (1950) as Lawyer Calhoun
 Copper Canyon (1950) as Theodosius Roberts
 Double Deal (1950) as C.D. 'Corpus' Mills
 The First Legion (1951) as Father Keene
 Rhubarb (1951) as P. Duncan Munk
 Drums in the Deep South (1951) as Albert Monroe
 Two Tickets to Broadway (1951) as Willard Glendon
 Hold That Line (1952) as Dean Forrester
 Hoodlum Empire (1952) as Benjamin Lawton
 Sudden Fear (1952) as Scott Martindale (uncredited)
 Beware, My Lovely (1952) as Mr. Walter Armstrong
 Woman of the North Country (1952) as Andrew Dawson
 Ride the Man Down (1952) as Lowell Priest
 She's Back on Broadway (1953) as Talbot (uncredited)
 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) as Mr. Esmond Sr.
 Wonder Valley (1953) as Sweetheart's Father
 Untamed Heiress (1954) as Walter Martin
 The Outcast (1954) as Andrew Devlin
 Tobor the Great (1954) as Prof. Arnold Nordstrom
 Hell's Outpost (1954) as Timothy Byers
 Lady and the Tramp (1955) as Jim's Friend #2/Doctor (uncredited)
 The Fighting Chance (1955) as Railbird - the Tout
 The Maverick Queen (1956) as Pete Callaher
 The Peacemaker (1956) as Mr. Wren
 The Book of Acts Series (1957) as High Priest
 The Helen Morgan Story (1957) as Elderly Actor on Train (uncredited)
 Wink of an Eye (1958) as Mr. Vanryzin
 Sleeping Beauty'' (1959) as King Stefan (voice) (final film role)

References

External links

Taylor Holmes portrait section NY Public Library Billy Rose Collection

American male film actors
American male stage actors
1878 births
1959 deaths
Vaudeville performers
Male actors from Newark, New Jersey
20th-century American male actors
American male silent film actors
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City

Taylor Holmes


David Hughes (born 1971 in Säffle, Sweden) is a Jazz fusion/Smooth jazz electric and acoustic bass player and composer of Swedish/Scottish origin. He is based in Los Angeles, California, since 1994.

David Hughes is an acclaimed sideman and session musician. He has played with the likes of Christopher Cross, Jazz Crusaders, David Benoit, Keiko Matsui, Chaka Khan, Melissa Etheridge, Burt Bacharach and Connie Stevens and Ray Manzarek (the Doors). He also played on countless sessions for TV and radio and for films such as Firehouse Dog and Old School (film), in which he also appeared.

Early years

Hughes began playing piano at age six, switched to violin at age eight and picked up the bass guitar at age 11. In high school he started playing the double bass as well.

Training
After studies at the Royal College of Music, Stockholm, Hughes left for Los Angeles to study at Musicians Institute. Shortly after graduating 1995 he joined the teaching staff for a few years. He studied privately with Gary Willis, Jeff Berlin, Carol Kaye and Todd Johnson.

Solo Projects

David Hughes has released two albums largely featuring his own compositions. He often uses six-string fretted and fretless bass guitars. The two extra strings provide an expanded range suitable for playing melodies, solos, and chords.

Swoosh
His debut album Swoosh (2003) included guest appearances of David Benoit, Wilton Felder, Greg Mathieson and Allen Hinds and the musical style ranges from funky jazz to symphonic classical.

Foreign Shores
On the CD Foreign Shores (2007) Hughes has with more complex compositions and live, interactive performances. The album offers a fusion of modern jazz and funk, with enthusiastic exploration by the album's performers - i.a. Eric Marienthal, Gregg Karukas, Katisse Buckingham, Andy Suzuki, Jamey Tate, and on vocals, Justin Guarini.

External links
Official website
Smoothviews Foreign Shores review
Smoothviews Foreign Shores review
All About Jazz
www.smooth-jazz.de review

1971 births
Royal College of Music, Stockholm alumni
Swedish bass guitarists
Swedish people of Scottish descent
Living people
21st-century bass guitarists

David Hughes (bass player)


The Courthouse of Crawford County, Ohio, is a landmark of the county seat, Bucyrus, Ohio.  The courthouse was built in 1854 on East Mansfield Street by architect Harlan Jones and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 1985-02-28 as a part of the Bucyrus Commercial Historic District.

History
Crawford County was established in 1820 but the issue of a county seat was not resolved for 10 years. The county was divided between the northern population, favoring Crawford and the southern citizens who favored Bucyrus. The first county building, the jailhouse was built in 1827. The issues dragged on until the election of 1830, when the commissioners selected Bucyrus to be the temporary county seat. During much exhausting campaigning, it was decided to allow the county seat to remain in Bucyrus.

The first courthouse was designed by Colonel James Kilbourne and was completed in 1832 and accepted by the county in 1833. The two-story brick building resembled the Ohio Statehouse with a flat roof and a central cupola. The entire facade was painted white to give it a more stately appearance. During construction a scaffolding collapsed killing two workers, the names of which are located in the location of their death. In 1837 the decision was made to place a bell in the cupola and the county purchased on for $100.

As the construction on the courthouse was finishing, the old county jail of 1827 burned down. The county did have enough funds to construct a new one and this project was placed on hold until 1839. The new jailhouse was located close to the courthouse. The soft brick used in construction allowed many prisoners to escape which led to the whole block being surrounded by a solid board fence.

The needs of the county were met until it was decided that a new courthouse was needed in the 1850s. The county chose the Greek Revival plans drafted by O.S. Kinney from Cleveland. The red-brick building stood two stories tall and was topped by a cupola of white oak which housed a 1,500-pound cast-iron bell. On either side of the tower was a clock face, added in 1892. In 1895 a new bell was purchased and hung in the old tower. The front of the building contained a central door reached by a flight of stairs and framed by four wooden Doric columns.

The county was again in need of more room and decided on expanding the brick structure already standing. The idea was made to surround the brick building and to fix the weak points by remodeling them. The architect hired for this remodel was Harlan Jones of Mansfield. Extra room was provided by wings and in 1906 to 1908 a new stone-clad exterior was placed over the original brick front facade and the wooden columns were replaced with stone. A front portion was added and included a new courtroom. The roof was reinforced, and a dome was added. The dome was placed over the courtroom for extra light and was made by Bryant Art Glass of Columbus.

Exterior
The courthouse contains three floors and is made up of rusticated sandstone blocks. The bottom floor is partially underground and contains small square windows. The second and third floor windows are large rectangular windows, with the second floor windows capped by stone head casings.

The main entrance is located in a projected portico reached by a flight of steps. Six Corinthian columns support the entablature and pediment above. The doors are surmounted by a transom and sidelights with Ionic columns supporting a false balcony above.

The roof is surrounded by a balustrade with a central drum rising to an entablature. The tower continues to a four-faced clock with decorative iron-work, four Ionic columns support a pedimented roof. A circular drum with large rectangular windows rise to a dome, which in turn supports a small lantern.

References

Further reading
Thrane, Susan W., County Courthouses of Ohio, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis, Indiana 2000
Marzulli, Lawrence J., The Development of Ohio's Counties and Their Historic Courthouses, Gray Printing Company, Fostoria, Ohio 1983
Stebbins, Clair, Ohio's Court Houses, Ohio State Bar Association, Columbus, Ohio 1980

External links

Crawford County government page

Buildings and structures in Crawford County, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Crawford County, Ohio
County courthouses in Ohio
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Government buildings completed in 1832
Clock towers in Ohio
Historic district contributing properties in Ohio
Bucyrus, Ohio

Crawford County Courthouse (Ohio)


In Māori tradition, Hoturapa was a chief of Hawaiki. His wife Kuramarotini owned the canoe Matahourua. One day, Hoturapa and his wife went out fishing in the Matahourua with their friend Kupe. Kupe tricked Hoturapa to dive into the water to free one of the lines. Once Hoturapa was overboard, Kupe set sail for New Zealand with Kuramarotini (Tregear 1891:86, 186).

References
E.R. Tregear, Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Lyon and Blair: Lambton Quay), 1891.

Māori mythology
Legendary Polynesian people

Hoturapa


Anni Albers (born Annelise Elsa Frieda Fleischmann; June 12, 1899 – May 9, 1994) was a German textile artist and printmaker credited with blurring the lines between traditional craft and art.

Early life and education
Anni Albers was born Annelise Elsa Frieda Fleischmann on June 12, 1899, in Berlin, Germany. Her mother was from a family in the publishing industry and her father was a furniture maker. Even in her childhood, she was intrigued by art and the visual world. She painted during her youth and studied under impressionist artist Martin Brandenburg, from 1916 to 1919, but was very discouraged from continuing after a meeting with artist Oskar Kokoschka, who upon seeing a portrait of hers asked her sharply "Why do you paint?"

Fleischmann eventually decided to attend art school, even though the challenges for art students were often great and the living conditions harsh. Such a lifestyle sharply contrasted with the affluent and comfortable living that she had been used to. She attended the Kunstgewerbeschule in Hamburg for only two months in 1919, then in April 1922 began her studies at the Bauhaus at Weimar.

At the Bauhaus she began her first year under Georg Muche and then Johannes Itten. Fleischmann struggled to find her particular workshop at the Bauhaus. Women were barred from certain disciplines taught at the school and during her second year, unable to gain admission to a glass workshop with future husband Josef Albers, Fleischmann deferred reluctantly to weaving, the only workshop available to women. Fleischmann had never tried weaving and believed it to be too "sissy" of a craft. However, with her instructor Gunta Stölzl, the only woman 'master' at the school, Fleischmann soon learned to appreciate the challenges of tactile construction and began producing geometric designs. In her writing, titled Material as Metaphor, Albers mentions her Bauhaus beginnings: "In my case it was threads that caught me, really against my will. To work with threads seemed sissy to me. I wanted something to be conquered. But circumstances held me to threads and they won me over."

Career
In 1925, Fleischmann married Josef Albers, the latter having rapidly become a "Junior Master" at the Bauhaus. The school moved to Dessau in 1926, and a new focus on production rather than craft at the Bauhaus prompted Albers to develop many functionally unique textiles combining properties of light reflection, sound absorption, durability, and minimized wrinkling and warping tendencies. She had several of her designs published and received contracts for wall hangings.

For a time, Anni Albers was a student of Paul Klee, and after Walter Gropius left Dessau in 1928 the Albers moved into the teaching quarters next to both the Klees and the Kandinskys. During this time, the Alberses began their lifelong habit of traveling extensively: first through Italy, Spain, and the Canary Islands. In 1930, Albers received her Bauhaus diploma for innovative work: her use of a new material, cellophane, to design a sound-absorbing and light-reflecting wallcovering.

When Gunta Stölzl left the Bauhaus in 1931, Albers took over her role as head of the weaving workshop, making her one of the few women to hold such a senior role at the school.

The Bauhaus at Dessau was closed in 1932 under pressure from the Nazi party and moved briefly to Berlin, permanently closing a year later in August 1933. Albers, who was Jewish, made the move with her husband and the Bauhaus to Berlin, but then fled to North Carolina, where the couple was invited by Philip Johnson to teach at the experimental Black Mountain College, arriving stateside in November 1933. Albers served as an assistant professor of art.  The school was focused on "learning by doing" or "hands on learning." In the early 1940s when Albers moved classrooms and the looms were not yet set up, she had her students go outside and find their own weaving materials. This was a basic exercise on material and structure. Albers regularly experimented with different material in her work and this allowed the students to imagine what it might have been like for the ancient weavers. Anni and Josef Albers both taught at Black Mountain until 1949. During these years Albers's design work, including weavings, were shown throughout the US. She received her US citizenship in 1937. In 1940 and 1941, Albers co-curated a traveling exhibition on jewellery from household with one of the Black Mountain students, Alex Reed, that opened in the Willard Gallery in New York City.

In 1949, Albers became the first textile designer to have a solo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Albers's design exhibition at MoMA began in the fall and then toured the US from 1951 until 1953, establishing her as one of the most important designers of the day. During these years, she also made many trips to Mexico and throughout the Americas, becoming an avid collector of pre-Columbian artwork.

After leaving Black Mountain in 1949, Albers moved with her husband to Connecticut where she set up a studio in her home. After being commissioned by Gropius to design a variety of bedspreads and other textiles for Harvard University, and following the MoMA exhibition, Albers was approached by Florence Knoll to design textiles for the Knoll furniture company. For the next thirty years she worked on mass-producible fabric patterns, creating the majority of her "pictorial" weavings, some of which are still in production over fifty years later. She also published a half-dozen articles and a collection of her writings, On Designing. In 1961, she was awarded the Craftmanship Medal by the American Institute of Architects.

In 1963, while at the Tamarind Lithography Workshop in Los Angeles with her husband for a lecture of his, Albers was invited to experiment with print media. She immediately grew fond of the technique, and thereafter gave up most of her time to lithography and screen printing. She was invited back as a fellow to Tamarind in 1964. Here she created the six print portfolio titled, Line Involvements. Albers wrote an article for the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1963, and then expanded on it for her second book, On Weaving, published in 1965. The book was a powerful statement of the midcentury textile design movement in the United States. Her design work and writings on design helped establish Design History as a serious area of academic study.

In 1976, Albers had two major exhibitions in Germany, and a handful of exhibitions of her design work, over the next two decades, receiving a half-dozen honorary doctorates and lifetime achievement awards during this time as well, including the second American Craft Council Gold Medal for "uncompromising excellence" in 1981. In 2018, the Tate Modern Gallery in London paired with the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, in Düsseldorf (Germany) for a retrospective exhibition and book of Albers's work.

Albers continued to travel to Latin America and Europe, to design and make prints, and lecture until her death on May 9, 1994, in Orange, Connecticut. Josef Albers, who had served as the chair of the design department at Yale University after the couple had moved from Black Mountain to Connecticut in 1949, predeceased her in 1976.

Legacy
In 1971, the Alberses founded the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation, a not-for-profit organization they hoped would further "the revelation and evocation of vision through art." Today, this organization not only serves as the office Estate of both Josef Albers and Anni Albers, but also supports exhibitions and publications focused on Albers works. The official Foundation building is located in Bethany, Connecticut, and "includes a central research and archival storage center to accommodate the Foundation's art collections, library and archives, and offices, as well as residence studios for visiting artists."

Albers was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.

Artwork
Albers was a designer who worked primarily in textiles and, late in life, with printmaking. She worked with multiple techniques, primarily lithography, embossing, silk-screening, and photo-offset. She produced numerous designs in ink washes for her textiles, and occasionally experimented with jewellery design. Her woven works include many wall hangings, curtains and bedspreads, mounted "pictorial" images, and mass-produced yard material. Her weavings are often constructed of both traditional and industrial materials, not hesitating to combine jute, paper, horse hair, and cellophane. Albers's early works, such as Drapery material (1923–26) and Design for Smyrna Rug (1925), display some of the characteristics that lasted throughout her career, notably her experimentation with colour, shape, scale and rhythm with abstract, crisscrossing geometric patterns. Her work in printmaking was also experimental as she would "print lines multiple times, first positive then negative, [and print] off-register...She would explore the limits and possibilities of her tools." To Albers, "there is no medium that cannot serve art."

Exhibitions

Select solo exhibitions

1940s
 1941 Willard Gallery, New York, "Anni Albers and Alex Reed: Exhibition of Necklaces," May 5–25, 1941
 1943 North Carolina State Art Gallery, State Library Building, Raleigh, North Carolina, "Painting, Prints, and Textiles by Josef and Anni Albers," October 18–29, 1943
 1949 Museum of Modern Art, New York "Anni Albers: Textiles," September 14October 30, 1949 (Exhibition traveled to twenty-six museums in the United States and Canada)

1950s
 1953 Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut "Josef and Anni Albers: Paintings, Tapestries and Woven Textiles," July 8August 2, 1953
 1954 Honolulu Academy of Art, Honolulu, Hawaii, "Josef and Anni Albers: Painting and Weaving," July 1August 2, 1954
 1959 MIT New Gallery, Cambridge, Massachusetts, "Anni Albers: Pictorial Weavings," May 11June 21, 1959. Exhibition traveled to the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh; Baltimore Museum of Art; Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, December 10, 1959January 10, 1960; Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston

1960s
 1969 Retina Gallery, Cambridge, Massachusetts, "Anni Albers Lithographs and Screenprints 1963–1969," October 24November 15, 1969

1970s
 1970 Earl Hall Gallery, Southern Connecticut State College, New Haven, Connecticut, "Anni Albers," November 4–24, 1970
 1971 Carlson Library, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut, "Anni Albers: Lithographs and Screenprints," January 20February 28, 1971
 1973 Pollock Gallery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, "Anni Albers: Drawings, Prints, Pictorial Weavings," September 30October 27, 1973
 1975 Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, "Anni Albers: Bildweberei, Zeichnung, Druckgrafik," July 10August 25, 1975. Exhibition traveled to Bauhaus-Archiv, Berlin, Germany, September 9November 11, 1975
 1977 Lantern Gallery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, "Anni Albers," January 12–30, 1977
 1977 Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York, "Anni Albers: Drawings and Prints," October 1November 11, 1977
 1977 Zabriskie Gallery, New York, New York, "Anni Albers: Prints," October 14November 12, 1977
 1978 Katonah Gallery, Katonah, New York, "Anni Albers: Graphics," December 10, 1978January 14, 1979
 1978 Pollock Gallery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, "Anni Albers: Recent Work," October 21November 3, 1978
 1979 Joseloff Gallery, Hartford Art School, Hartford, Connecticut, "Graphic Work by Anni Albers," October 3–26, 1979
 1979 Monmouth Museum, Brookdale Community College, Lincroft, New Jersey, "Anni Albers: Prints," April 1979
 1979 Paul Klapper Library, Queens College, New York, "Anni Albers: Graphics," March 5–30, 1979

1980s
 1980 Alice Simsar Gallery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, "Anni Albers: Prints," March 29April 23, 1980
 1980 Morris Museum of Arts and Science, Morristown, New Jersey, "Anni Albers: Evolving Systems," February 17March 3, 1980
 1980 University Art Gallery, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, "Anni Albers: Prints and Drawings," February 25March 28, 1980
 1980 Mattatuck Museum, Waterbury, Connecticut, "Anni Albers: Prints," January 3–13, 1980
 1982 Silvermine Gallery, New Canaan, Connecticut, "Anni Albers: Prints," January 9February 7, 1982
 1983 Carlson Gallery, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut, "Anni Albers: Printmaker," November 20December 18, 1983
 1984 Artists Signature Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, "Anni Albers: Silkscreen Prints," September 23November 2, 1984
 1985 Arts Club, Chicago, Illinois, " Anni Albers: Prints; Ella Bergmann: Drawings; Ilse Bing: Photographs," September–October 1985
 1985 Renwick Gallery, Washington D.C., "The Woven and Graphic Art of Anni Albers," June 12, 1985January 5, 1986
 1989 Villa Stuck, Munich, Germany, "Anni und Josef Albers: Eine Retrospektive," December 15, 1989February 25, 1990. Exhibition traveled to the Josef Albers Museum, Bottrop, Germany, April 29June 4, 1990

1990s
 1990 Museum of Modern Art, New York, "Gunta Stölzl, Anni Albers," February 15July 10, 1990
 1998 Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern, Switzerland, "Josef und Anni Albers: Europa und Amerika," November 6, 1998January 31, 1999
 1999 Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy, "Anni Albers," March 24May 24, 1999. Exhibition traveled to the Josef Albers Museum, Bottrop, Germany, June 12August 29, 1999; Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, September 20December 31, 1999; Jewish Museum (Manhattan), New York, February 27June 4, 2000

2000s
 2001 Davidson Art Center, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, "Anni Albers: Works on Paper from The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation," September 4November 4, 2001
 2002 Gus Fisher Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand, "Anni Albers: Works on Paper," May 18July 6, 2002
 2004 Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, New York, "Josef and Anni Albers: Designs for Living," October 1, 2004February 27, 2005
 2004 Fuji Xerox Co., Tokyo, "Print work by Anni and Josef Albers and their life at Black Mountain College," 2004
 2006 Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain, "Anni y Josef Albers. Viajes por Latinoamérica," November 14, 2006February 12, 2007. Exhibition traveled to Josef Albers Museum, Bottrop, Germany, March 11June 3, 2007; Museo de Arte de Lima, Peru, June 27September 23, 2007; Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso, Mexico City, Mexico, November 6, 2007March 23, 2008; Museu Oscar Niemeyer, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, May 29August 24, 2008

2010s
 2010 Alan Cristea Gallery, London, "Anni Albers: Prints and Studies," March 18April 17, 2010
 2010 Design Museum, London, "Anni Albers: Truth to Materials," March 22May 10, 2010
 2010 Ruthin Craft Centre, Ruthin, Wales, "Anni Albers: Design Pioneer," December 4, 2010February 6, 2011
 2015  Mudec, Museo delle Culture, Milan, "A Beautiful Confluence: Anni and Josef Albers and the Latin American World," October 28, 2015February 21, 2016
 2016 Davis Museum at Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, "Anni Albers: Connections," September 28December 18, 2016
 2017 Musée des Beaux-Arts, Le Locle, Le Locle, Switzerland, "Anni Albers: L'Oeuvre Gravé," February 19May 28, 2017
 2017 Mercy Gallery, Loomis Chaffee School, Windsor, Connecticut, "Harmony," April 25May 30, 2017
 2017 Galleria Carla Sozzani, Milan, "Anni Albers: The Prints," June 16September 10, 2017
 2017 Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut, "Small-Great Objects: Anni and Josef Albers in the Americas," February 3June 25, 2017
 2017 Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain, "Anni Albers: Touching Vision," October 6, 2017January 14, 2018
 2018 K20 Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, "Anni Albers," June 9September 9, 2018. Exhibition traveled to Tate Modern, London, October 11, 2018January 27, 2019
 2018 Alan Cristea Gallery, London, "Anni Albers Connections: Prints 1963–1984," October 1November 10, 2018
 2019 David Zwirner Gallery, New York, "Anni Albers," September 10October 19, 2019

Select publications
 On Designing. The Pellango Press, New Haven, CT, 1959. Second edition, Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, CT, 1962. First paperback edition, Wesleyan University Press, 1971 ().
 On Weaving. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, CT, 1965.
 Albers, Anni, and Gene Baro. Anni Albers. Brooklyn, N.Y. : Brooklyn Museum, Division of Publications and Marketing Services, 1977.

See also
 Fiber art
 Gunta Stölzl
 Margaretha Reichardt
 Otti Berger
 Friedl Dicker-Brandeis
 List of German women artists

References

Further reading

 Anni Albers: Prints and Drawings. University Art Gallery, University of California, 1980.

 Coxon, Ann, Briony Fer, and Maria Müller-Schareck, eds (2018). Anni Albers. Yale University Press. .

 Albers, Anni (July 5, 1968). Interview with Sevim Fesci. Archives of American Art. New Haven, Connecticut.

External links
 , extensive official site
 Anni Albers at the Alan Cristea Gallery
 Anni Albers at the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum

 Anni Albers at the National Gallery of Art
 Anni Albers in the National Gallery of Australia's Kenneth Tyler Collection
 Oral history interview with Anni Albers, 1968 July 5 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art
 Anni Albers papers, 1924-1969 from the Archives of American Art

1899 births
1994 deaths
People with acquired American citizenship
Bauhaus alumni
Academic staff of the Bauhaus
American art educators
Textile artists
German weavers
20th-century American artists
20th-century American women artists
20th-century German women artists
20th-century American printmakers
American women printmakers
American textile designers
Artists from Berlin
Jewish American artists
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
20th-century German Jews
American people of German-Jewish descent
Women textile artists
German textile artists
Black Mountain College faculty
20th-century textile artists
American women academics
20th-century American Jews

Anni Albers


The function of 3D television is making a two-dimensional screen look like its picture is in three dimensions. This effect starts when we observe two shifted displays.

3D televisions with glasses

Basic division of 3d technologies
stereoscopic 3D display – requires glasses
Autostereoscopic 3d display – without glasses

3D televisions in shops and e-shops are in 90% of cases stereoscopic. Glasses are used to see the picture in three dimensionals. The glasses divide display into two components (either shifted in color or otherwise).

What 3D TV can do

3D TV can do anything as well as 2D TV. The newest types of TV even can convert 2D into 3D but the quality is low.

Movies in 3D format are still scarce. Few people would invest their money into partially exploited machine.

Specification of three-dimensional perception

The best 3D television images are on larger television screens.

The closer a person sits to the screen, the stronger the 3D effect. Three-dimensional image processing is also more difficult for the brain.

Because the observation of 3D space in a 3D TV is so hard, viewers should be sitting during the watching 3D TV.

Television technology
Display technology

3D television


USS Oberon (AK-56/AKA-14/T-AKA-14/LKA-14) was a  in the United States Navy. She was named after Oberon, one of the moons of the planet Uranus.

Oberon (AK–56), originally named Delalba (MC hull 133), was built at Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey; renamed Oberon 16 February 1942; launched 18 March 1942; sponsored by Mrs. W. Creighton Peet; acquired by the Navy 15 June 1942, commissioned the same day.

Service history

World War II
Oberon completed alterations and shakedown before joining a task force steaming to the invasion of North Africa on 24 October 1942. Despite air raids, a submarine attack, and casualties among sister ships, she commenced off-loading supplies on D-Day, 8 November, at Fedhala, French Morocco. Mission accomplished, the cargo ship returned to Hampton Roads, Virginia, on 24 November and began preparations for a Pacific voyage.

Early in the new year, Oberon transited the Panama Canal; and, while sailing for the South Pacific, was reclassified AKA–14. She discharged her cargo at New Caledonia and the New Hebrides before returning to Norfolk, on 12 March 1943. Completing overhaul Oberon again crossed the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and took station, 10 July, off Gela for the landings on Sicily. Two months later her anti-aircraft batteries again blazed during unloading operations in the difficult invasion of Salerno Bay, Italy. Withdrawn to sail the Oran to Bizerte supply run, Oberon departed the area in December with 120 Army paratroopers and supplies bound for Belfast, Northern Ireland. Later that month an Atlantic storm caused more damage than had enemy actions.

After repairs in the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Oberon returned to North Africa in April via Cardiff, Wales. As part of Assault Group II preparing for the invasion of Southern France she practiced landings until 13 August along both the Algerian and Italian coasts. D-Day, the 15th, went smoothly as she landed 151 soldiers and sailors plus valuable support equipment at St. Tropez, France. After five additional logistic missions from Oran and Naples, the attack transport joined a convoy en route to the United States late in October.

With Germany facing defeat, Oberon was reassigned to the Pacific. Once again she began the new year in transit through the Panama Canal, and then proceeded to Leyte, Philippines arriving on 21 February 1945. With other units of Amphibious Group 7 she helped to take Kerama Retto late in March and joined the attack on Okinawa on 1 April. The appearance of kamikaze planes the next day was a challenging new experience from which Oberon emerged unscathed and with one kill to her credit. She retired on 26 April to the South Pacific and later received news of Japan's capitulation while steaming to the Philippines. With occupation troops from the 81st Division embarked she sailed into port at Aomori, on northern Honshū, on 25 September. After an additional voyage to Yokohama, Oberon turned homeward and late in November reached Seattle, WA.

Korean War
In the post-war years, Oberon served with the Navy Transportation Service carrying cargo and personnel between the West Coast and American bases in the Pacific. Incorporated into the Military Sea Transportation Service at its initiation on 1 October 1949, she became an ammunition replenishment vessel during the Korean War. Arriving at Sasebo, Japan, on 15 January 1951, Oberon served in the war zone for seven months. On 9 March she conducted her first rearming-at-sea mission with carriers, and later much of her time was spent shuttling supplies between Sasebo and Wonsan, Korea. A second tour of duty in the war zone occurred during the first five months of 1952.

Decommissioning and sale
The truce signed at Panmunjom curtailed her assignments. She was decommissioned on 27 June 1955 and was placed in reserve until struck from the Navy List on 1 July 1960. She was transferred to the Maritime Commission, placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, and berthed at Olympia, Washington. Reclassified LKA-14 (Amphibious cargo ship) on 1 January 1969, the ship was sold for scrap to Marine Power and Equipment Co. of Seattle, Washington, on 3 December 1970.

Oberon received six battle stars for World War II service and five for duty in Korea.

References

External links

51 Years of AKAs
World War II War Diary of the USS Oberon

Arcturus-class attack cargo ships
Type C2-F ships of the United States Navy
Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey
1942 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States

USS Oberon


A tire-pressure gauge, or tyre-pressure gauge, is a pressure gauge used to measure the pressure of tires on a vehicle. Tire-pressure gauges can be used both professionally and casually and come in many different sizes.Since tires are rated for specific loads at certain pressure, it is important to keep the pressure of the tire at the optimal amount. The precision of a typical mechanical gauge as shown is ±. Higher precision gauges with ± uncertainty can also be obtained.

Tire-pressure monitoring systems

Many modern cars now come with built-in tire pressure sensors that allow all four tire pressures to be read simultaneously from inside the car.  Before 2005, most on-board tire-pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) used indirect pressure monitoring.  The anti-lock brake sensors detect one tire rotating faster than the rest and indicate a low tire pressure to the driver. The problem with this method was that if tires all lost the same pressure then none would show up against the others to indicate a problem. However, research have shown that both direct and indirect tire pressure monitoring systems are equally effective.

Regulations on tire pressure
Since September 2007 all new automobiles below  in weight sold in the United States are required to incorporate a Tire Pressure Monitoring System, which is capable of monitoring all four tires and simultaneously reporting under-inflation of 25 percent of cold placard pressures in any combination of all four tires. TPMS known as Direct TPMS are capable of TREAD Act legislation requiring simultaneous pressure measurement for each tire pressure.

References

Pressure gauges
Tires

Tire-pressure gauge


Number 8 wire is a  gauge of wire on the British Standard Wire Gauge that has entered into the cultural lexicon of New Zealand.

Use for farm fencing
Early farm fences in New Zealand were generally used to protect crops, gardens, and orchards from farm animals, rather than to contain the stock. Fencing methods used were post-and-rail fences, ditch-and-bank fences, stone walls, and hedges, but all proved too expensive to install and maintain to fence entire properties and tended to be unreliable. To prevent stock straying, boundary keepers were employed to patrol boundaries. In the 1850s, heavy annealed iron wire became available for fences, but this wire was very thick and only came in short lengths, was hard to work and to keep taut, and was expensive to use. In England, in 1855, Henry Bessemer patented the Bessemer process that led to the mass production of low-cost high-quality steel, leading to the large scale production of affordable lighter gauge steel wire.

The introduction of the new steel fencing wire of various gauges in the 1860s allowed the rapid construction of low-cost fencing and was quickly adopted for use on New Zealand sheep farms. Galvanised number 8 steel wire soon became the preferred standard. These new, lightweight steel wire fences were not suitable for cattle, as cattle would lean over or on the fences and damage or push the fences over. When barbed wire became available in 1879, it was used as the top wire and perhaps a lower additional wire in conjunction with No. 8 wire on fences on dairy and cattle farms to prevent the animals from damaging the fences. This further extended the use of number 8 wire.

From the early 1960s, high-tensile 12½ gauge (2.5 mm) steel wire has largely replaced number 8 wire for New Zealand fencing, as it is lighter and cheaper, though also more difficult to work. Since 1976, when New Zealand adopted the metric system, number 8 wire is officially referred to as 4.0 mm gauge wire, although the older term "Number 8 wire" continues to be commonly used.

In language and culture

As a consequence of the ubiquitous use of number 8 wire in New Zealand, remote farms often had rolls of number 8 wire on hand, and the wire would often be used inventively and practically to solve mechanical or structural problems other than fencing. Accordingly, the term "number 8 wire" came to represent the ingenuity and resourcefulness of New Zealanders, and the phrase "a number 8 wire mentality" evolved to denote an ability to create or repair machinery using whatever scrap materials are available on hand. New Zealand hardware and DIY store franchise Mitre 10 have adopted "Number 8" as their in house brand for generic hardware supplies and tools.

The Waikato Museum runs an art award named after the wire.

See also
Culture of New Zealand
Agriculture in New Zealand
MacGyverism — a similar concept describing the resourceful use of materials to hand.
Baling wire
Duct tape — often used in a similar improvised way.
Fence
Fred Dagg
Yankee ingenuity
Jugaad
WD-40

References

New Zealand culture
Wire gauges
New Zealand slang
Standards of New Zealand

Number 8 wire


Chad William Hennings (born October 20, 1965) is a former American football defensive tackle for the Air Force Academy Falcons and Dallas Cowboys. He won the Outland Trophy in his senior year of college in 1987.

Despite facing an obligation to enter the Air Force upon graduating the Academy, Hennings was selected in the eleventh round of the 1988 NFL Draft by the Cowboys, and played in the National Football League (NFL) from 1992 to 2000, winning three Super Bowls.

Early years

High school and college
While at Benton Community High School in Van Horne, Iowa, Hennings became an All-state football tight end and the state heavyweight wrestling champion his senior year.

After being offered full scholarships from different universities he chose to attend the United States Air Force Academy, near Colorado Springs. Lettering as a freshman in 1984, he started his college football career as a tight end before being switched to the defensive line as a sophomore.

Hennings was moved to defensive tackle in his sophomore season, became a starter and made the All--WAC second-team. That 1985 season was the greatest in Air Force history as the Falcons went 12-1, were conference co-champions, defeated Texas in the Bluebonnet Bowl and placed fifth in the final coaches poll. During his junior year in 1986,  he became a dominant defensive player, was named to the first of two All-Conference teams, the first of two Academic All-American teams and the second of three Academic All-WAC honors.

His senior year in 1987, he led the nation with 24 sacks, was a unanimous first-team All-American selection, received the Stan Bates Award as the conference's top scholar-athlete, earned defensive player of the year honors from the Western Athletic Conference and the Outland Trophy as the nation's top interior lineman. He also played in numerous postseason all-star games including the Japan Bowl and the East-West Shrine Game.

Hennings is a member of the Western Athletic Conference all-time team and was named WAC defensive player of the decade for the 1980s. He was inducted into the Colorado Springs Sports Hall of Fame in 2004, the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame in 2005, the College Football Hall of Fame in 2006, and was in the inaugural class of the Air Force Academy Athletics Hall of Fame in 2007. He was also inducted into the GTE Academic All-American Hall of Fame.

USAF
After graduating from the U.S. Air Force Academy in June 1988, Hennings entered undergraduate pilot training at Sheppard Air Force Base, in Wichita Falls, Texas, as part of the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training (ENJJPT) Program conducted by the 80th Flying Training Wing. ENJJPT is an elite program, and when his ground training studies faltered (he had been an honor student at AFA), his squadron commander isolated him from all contact regarding the Dallas Cowboys, who had drafted him in April 1989. After UPT, Hennings completed Lead-In Fighter Training and because of his size, was eligible only for F-111, F-15 Eagle, or A-10 Thunderbolt II RTU. He became an A-10 pilot and was assigned to the 92d Tactical Fighter Squadron, a unit of the 81st Tactical Fighter Wing based at RAF Bentwaters in the United Kingdom, in June 1990.

While with the 92d TFS, Hennings deployed twice to the Persian Gulf. From April to June 1991, and October 1991 to January 1992, based at Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, Henning flew 45 A-10 missions in support of Operation Provide Comfort, an effort that helped provide relief and humanitarian aid to Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq. He was twice awarded the Air Force Achievement Medal, a humanitarian award and an Outstanding Unit Award for his actions in the service. He was promoted to captain on June 1, 1992.

Football career
Because of his military commitment (originally 8 years because he chose to fly), he dropped in the 1988 NFL Draft until the Dallas Cowboys took a chance and selected him in the eleventh round, with no indication of an early out from the Air Force. President and general manager Tex Schramm had also secured his rights by signing him to a multi-year contract with a $25,000 bonus in 1988.

After the 1991 Gulf War, the United States military underwent an across the board reduction in budget and Hennings was able to have the remaining four years of his active-duty commitment (service academy and rated pilot) waived, which was unprecedented at the time. He continued service in the Air Force Reserve for nine years as a liaison officer to the Air Force Academy after his separation from active duty, then went into the Individual Ready Reserve.

While entering into the NFL, there were some rumors about the Cowboys trading him to the Denver Broncos, but when Jimmy Johnson saw his workout for the team, those plans were canceled.

In 1992, he left the U.S. Air Force and joined the Dallas Cowboys as a 26-year-old rookie, playing on special teams and quickly becoming a key reserve, on one of the best defensive line rotations in the NFL.

In 1995, he registered his first starts while Leon Lett was serving a four-game suspension. The next year, he replaced Russell Maryland who left via free agency to the Oakland Raiders.

While his play on the field was very good, it was his attitude, character and leadership that was also valuable to the Cowboys teams of that decade, contributing to the top ranked defenses of the early nineties and winning 3 Super Bowls in 4 years.

He spent nine seasons with the team, before retiring after missing half of the 2000 season with injuries. He finished with 27.5 sacks, 6 fumble recoveries and one touchdown in 107 games.

Personal life
Hennings is married and has two children. Following his football career, Hennings became a Christian motivational speaker and author. His self-help book for men, "Rules of Engagement: Finding Friendship, Faith, and Strength in a Disconnected World" was published in 2009.

In November 2012, Hennings was named as a 2013 recipient of the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award, presented each year to six distinguished former college student-athletes on the 25th anniversary of the completion of their college sports careers.

References

External links

 A New Blue Yonder
 Colorado Sports Hall of Fame bio

1965 births
Living people
Air Force Falcons football players
All-American college football players
American Christian writers
American football defensive tackles
American football defensive ends
Players of American football from Iowa
United States Air Force personnel of the Gulf War
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Dallas Cowboys players
People from Tama County, Iowa
United States Air Force officers
Military personnel from Iowa

Chad Hennings