John Clifton Snidecor (18 October 1907 – 14 December 1983) was an American professor and educator. He joined the faculty at Santa Barbara College of the University of California (now UCSB) in 1940 and served as acting provost from February to June 1956.

He received his A.B. degree from University of California, Berkeley and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Iowa.

Dr. Snidecor was a specialist in the application of scientific methods to speech and hearing problems. He published widely in speech journals and was the editor and main author of the book, Speech Rehabilitation of the Laryngectomized. He was honored by the California Speech and Hearing Association for his research and elected Fellow of the American Speech and Hearing Association.

References

University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Iowa alumni
1907 births
1983 deaths

John C. Snidecor


Brucellosis is a disease that is caused by bacteria in the Brucella genus. It is also called Bang's disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever, Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, and undulant fever. It is a very contagious disease (can be spread very easily from one person to another.)

Brucellosis is a zoonosis, a disease that is spread from animals to humans. Humans get the disease by drinking milk that is unsterilized, or by eating meat from sick animals. Sometimes, but not very often, the disease can be spread from human to human.

The disease was first called "Malta fever." British doctors in the military first discovered it in Malta during the Crimean War (1850s). Dr. David Bruce was the first person to discover the bacteria that caused brucellosis.

References

Animal diseases
Diseases caused by bacteria

Brucellosis


Seth Elijah Adkins (born October 30, 1989) is an American actor. He made his debut in the mid-1990s as a child artiste in the TV shows Small Talk and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch in 1996 and the films ...First Do No Harm and Titanic in 1997. He later made a successful transition to an adult performer. One of his most recent roles was in Matt Reeves' Let Me In (2010). He is also the current actor for Walt Disney's Pinocchio.

Personal life
Adkins was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He has two elder brothers, Zachary (b. 1978) and Josh (b. 1981). His father is a principal and his mother a former teacher. At an early age and with the support of his parents, Adkins followed his older brother into the acting profession. He graduated in 2008 from the Public Academy for Performing Arts.

Career
Adkins made his debut in 1996, in the shows Small Talk and in Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. He appeared in the series ER, and C-16: FBI, and in the films ...First Do No Harm, Stir, Titanic. He voiced Duby in the film Baby Geniuses. He had a role in the television movie Wuthering Heights, and in the feature films Funky Monkey, Bad News Bears, Privileged, and Let Me In. Adkins also appeared in the television series CSI: Miami and Touched by an Angel, Judging Amy, NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service, and Crash.

Other websites
Seth Adkins's official website

American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Actors from New Mexico
1989 births
Living people

Seth Adkins


Jacqueline "Jackie" Lockhart (née Steele, born 22 March 1965) is a Scottish curler who has competed prolifically in major international competitions for Scotland, and for the Great Britain team that competes at the Olympic Winter Games. She was part of the BBC's Winter Olympics commentary team for the Curling at the Sochi 2014, Pyeongchang 2018 and Beijing 2022.

Biography

Early performances
Having made her international debut at the 1983 European Championships, she went on to claim a silver medal in her first crack at the World Championships in 1985, in which she played second in the Scotland team skipped by Isobel Torrance.  The same line-up narrowly failed to win a medal in the following year's championships.

In 1992, as curling awaited full medal status at the Winter Olympics, Lockhart was skip of the team selected to represent Great Britain in the demonstration event at the Albertville Games.  The team struggled somewhat, however, and were ultimately edged into sixth place after a final play-off defeat to the Swedish team skipped by Anette Norberg.  Later in the same season, Lockhart and the same team represented Scotland at the World Championships, in which they secured a marginally better fifth place.

Olympics and World Championships
Later in the 1990s, eager to earn a place in the team for the first Olympic curling event to be given full medal status, Lockhart joined the established rink skipped by Kirsty Hay, which had become by then the dominant force in Scottish – and therefore also British – women's curling.  In the 1998 Olympics in Nagano, the team (Kirsty Hay, Jackie Lockhart, Edith Loudon, Katie Loudon and Fiona Bayne) performed strongly, coming within a fraction of an unlikely win in the semi-finals over Canada, skipped by the renowned Sandra Schmirler.  Having missed out, however, the team took a heavy beating in the bronze medal play-off at the hands of Elisabet Gustafson and her Swedish team.  The same line-up took Scotland to seventh place in the World Championships a few weeks later.

Lockhart missed out on selection for the Salt Lake City Olympics in 2002, and had to watch from afar as the team skipped by Rhona Martin won plaudits for becoming the winners of Great Britain's first gold medal in any sport at the Winter Olympics since ice dancers Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean in 1984.  However, Lockhart claimed to have been nothing but inspired by what she saw on television, and was to prove her point in spectacular fashion in the weeks to follow.  She started in the buzzing atmosphere that enveloped the Scottish Championships in Glasgow, where her team – largely inexperienced at the highest level apart from herself at skip – overcame Rhona Martin's rink in a three-match final to claim the right to represent Scotland at the World Championships in Bismarck, North Dakota, ahead of the newly famed Olympic gold medallists.

In Bismarck, not for the first time, Lockhart made a name for herself for her habit of constantly projecting her infectiously quirky worldview onto what was happening on the ice.  She initially baffled spectators, but not her teammates, with her repeated call for stones to be delivered at boob weight – which began to make sense when she pointed out that a call for barrier weight is normally signalled by an arm across the chest.  In the latter stages of the competition, despite what was at stake, she and her teammates Sheila Swan, Katriona Fairweather and Anne Laird jumped into an immediate frenzy of dancing every time a burst of pop music was played between ends.  None of this distracted from the task in hand, however, and the team won Scotland's first ever women's world title.

In the wake of Lockhart's triumph, much was made of her disclosure that she had deliberately ensured that the stone she used for her last delivery in the final against Sweden was exactly the same one used by Rhona Martin to seal victory in Salt Lake City.  The Scottish media dubbed it the Stone of Destiny, a slightly over-the-top allusion to the coronation stone for medieval Scottish monarchs, and it now sits as an exhibit in a sports museum.

During the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Lockhart played in every game up until the team's defeat to Norway, when as a result of poor performance she was replaced by Debbie Knox. She was stunned to be dropped from the team. According to the BBC news website she said "I was surprised and disappointed. I had a couple of slack shots [in Saturday's defeat to Norway]. Guess that was it."

In October 2006, Lockhart was a member of the Scottish team that won the European Mixed Curling Championship. She played third for Tom Brewster, Jr.  Lockhart, playing third for Kelly Wood won the bronze medal at the 2007 World Women's Curling Championship in Aomori, Japan.

Awards
Frances Brodie Award: 1998

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Scottish female curlers
British female curlers
Olympic curlers for Great Britain
Curlers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
World curling champions
Continental Cup of Curling participants
Sportspeople from Lanark

Jackie Lockhart


Howard Reid Cable (December 15, 1920March 30, 2016) was a conductor, arranger, music director, composer, and radio and television producer. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Biography
Cable received an Associate diploma (ATCM) from The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto in conducting and bandmastership 1939.  He is also a recipient of an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts (DFA) degree from the University of Lethbridge in 2002. Cable studied piano, clarinet, and oboe, and played in the Parkdale Collegiate Institute orchestra under Leslie Bell. While leading a dance band, the Cavaliers, 1935-41 in Toronto and at southern Ontario summer resorts, he studied at the Toronto Conservatory of Music with Sir Ernest MacMillan, Ettore Mazzoleni, and Healey Willan. He also studied with John Weinzweig in 1945.

Cable composed and arranged the original theme for the Hockey Night in Canada television broadcast, Saturday's Game, which opened the broadcast from 1952 until 1968. His arrangement for solo piano of Dolores Claman's The Hockey Theme that was the show's theme from 1968 until the mid-2000s is one of the best selling pieces of sheet music in Canada. (Jerry Toth arranged the broadcast version of "The Hockey Theme".)

Cable was conductor for the early CBC TV variety programs General Electric Showtime and Mr. Show Business. In addition he conducted and arranged music for various CBC radio and TV programs in the 1960s. From 1971 to 1985 he was host of the program Howard Cable Presents heard on St. Catharines radio station "CHRE-fm", and for most of the years it was the station's highest rated program.

It was Howard Cable's longtime relationship with Canadian Brass that put him on the international stage through numerous recordings and radio appearances.

In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada in recognition of his "legendary contribution to the Canadian music industry".

Musical works

Brass Quintet
Agnus Dei
Carnival of Venice
Civil War Medley
Concerto Op 4 No 6
Contrapunctus No. 9
Coranto Alarm
Cum rides mihi
D'ou viens-tu, bergere
Data est de lachryis mihi voluptas
First Nowell
Flight of the Tuba [Bumble] Bee
Greensleeves
Holly and the Ivy
Ida and Dottie
Jig
Jingle Bells
Joker, The
Joy to World
It Came Upon a Midnight Clear
La Cloche de Noel
La Rose Nuptiale
La Virgen de la Macarena
Lassus Trombone
Lo How a Rose e'er Blooming
Maple Leaf Rag
McIntyre Ranch Country
Newfoundland Rhapsody
Newfoundland Sketch
Noël Nouvelet
O Christmas Tree
O Come All Ye Faithful
O Little Town of Bethlehem
Midnight Clear
Perpetual Motion
Point Pelee (Horn solo with, 2nd mvt to "Ontario Pictures")
Queen of Night
Rowland  (Lord Willowbye's Welcome Home)
Saddles and Saloons
Satyr's Dance
Silent Night
Six Carols A-Singing
Sousa Collection
Spinning Song
St. David's Day
Stephen Foster Treasury, A
The Challenge
Twelve Days of Christmas
Two Little Bullfinches
War Between the States
Wm Boyce  Suite

Brass Ensemble
Atlantic Medley
Canzon in echo duodecimi toni
Canzon No. 28
Canzon per sonar septimi et octavi toni a 12
Credo
Domine labia mea aperies
E questra vita
Gloria: Et in terra pax
Hodie completi sunt
Jubilate Deo
Kyrie eleison
Un  Canadien Errant
Olympic Fanfare
Peter Amberly
Sanctus
Sanctus VI: Hosanna in excelsis
Sonata octavi toni

Brass & Choir
Ding Dong Merrily On High
O Christmas Tree
Six Carols A-Singing
Twelve Days of Christmas
 Up on a Rooftop

Choir
 Anne of Green Gables (SSA)
 Up on a Rooftop (SATB)

Wind Ensemble/Concert Band
 Newfoundland Rhapsody (1956)
 Quebec Folk Fantasy (1953)
 Snake Fence Country (1954)
 Ontario Pictures (1986)
 McIntyre Ranch Country (2002)
 Good Medicine (2005)
 Saskatchewan Overture (2007)
 Canadian Musical Heroes (2015)
 A Musical Tribute to a Legendary Music Man (2016)
Concertino for Bass Trombone (2016)

Marching Band
 10 Provinces March (an arrangement of folk tunes)

References

 Cable, Howard  entry in The Encyclopedia of Music in Canada (part of The Canadian Encyclopedia)
 Howard Cable  Northdale Music Press Ltd. biography
 Howard Cable Canadian Music Centre biography

External links
 Howard Cable profile for University of Lethbridge Music Department
 Howard Cable Remembers the personal blog of Howard Cable

1920 births
2016 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Canadian composers
Canadian classical composers
Canadian male classical composers
Members of the Order of Canada
Musicians from Toronto
The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni
20th-century Canadian male musicians

Howard Cable


Stephen Williams (31 March 1908 - 23 November 1994) was a British radio announcer, presenter and producer, and a pioneer of commercial radio for the UK.

Born in London and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, as a young boy he was already, in his words, a "wireless fanatic": he said, "I was able to listen proudly to the debut of the BBC on 14 November 1922, and from the moment I heard the announcer say "This is 2LO calling, 2LO, the London station of the British Broadcasting Company", I was seized with an ambition to have a job like his."

During his university vacation in 1928 he got a job as announcer on a "broadcasting yacht" sponsored by the Daily Mail newspaper group. This vessel went round the coast of Britain, transmitting music on records and advertisements for the Daily Mail, from just outside territorial waters, an early precursor of the 1960s "pirate radio" ships..

The broadcasting yacht had been the idea of the paper's Circulation and Publicity Director, Valentine Smith, who soon transferred to the Sunday Referee, where he gave Williams a job with the idea of involving the paper in commercial broadcasting. They were soon in contact with Captain Leonard F. Plugge, who was starting the International Broadcasting Company (IBC).

At the beginning of 1932, Williams was sent to France to join Max Staniforth at the IBC's new Radio Normandy service, broadcasting to the south of England.

Recordings of two commercials read by Stephen Williams on Radio Normandy in 1932 are said to survive.

Stephen Williams moved on to a rival company to IBC, Radio Publicity, which started broadcasting to the UK from Radio Paris, then a much more powerful station than Radio Normandy, which rapidly gained a large British audience. But French listeners complained that their most popular station was now too dominated by English programmes, so Radio Publicity turned to the newly created Radio Luxembourg, where it was able to gain the sole concession for English programmes.

In December 1933, Williams thus became the first English radio presenter in Luxembourg as well as serving as manager of the station.

Shortly before his death in 1994, Williams gave an interview to Roger Bickerton about his work at Radio Luxembourg which was published in The Historic Record and AV Collector, Issues 39,40 and 41, April, June & October 1996.

Radio Luxembourg closed down on the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. Stephen Williams resumed his duties there when the station restarted in 1946. He left Luxembourg in 1948, and worked until 1975 as a freelance broadcaster.

When, on 1 January 1992, Radio Luxembourg's English service closed down as a terrestrial radio station, the last words heard, "Good luck, good listening ... and goodbye" were spoken by 83-year-old Stephen Williams, who had been the first person ever to say on the air "This is Radio Luxembourg" over 58 years earlier.

Williams was awarded the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by the Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1992.

He collected a large archive of material related to Radio Luxembourg, much of which his widow has donated to the Centre for Luxembourg Studies at Sheffield University.

References

1908 births
1994 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
International broadcasting
British radio personalities
British radio DJs
Radio Luxembourg (English) presenters
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Stephen Williams (Radio Luxembourg)


Joseph Earl Sheffield (June 19, 1793 – February 17, 1882) was an American railroad magnate and philanthropist.

Sheffield was born in Southport, Connecticut, the son of Paul King Sheffield, a shipowner, and his wife Mabel (née Thorpe).

He attended public schools, and moved south to enter the cotton trade. He was a clerk in a drygoods store in New Bern, North Carolina, from 1807 to 1812, and moved to Mobile, Alabama, in 1813, where he became a very successful shipper of cotton. He married Maria St. John of Walton, New York, in 1822 and relocated to New Haven, Connecticut, in 1835. He became owner of the Farmington Canal, a charter member and a chief projector of the New York and New Haven Railroad company, and president of the New Haven and Northampton Company.

The town of Sheffield, Illinois, was founded by Sheffield and Henry Farnam in 1852. Sheffield and Farnam constructed the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, and the townsite was intended as a coaling station for trains. According to Farnam, he and Sheffield flipped a coin to see for whom the town would be named. A monument to Joseph E. Sheffield and the Rock Island Railroad stands today in Sheffield's town square.

In New Haven, he lived on Hillhouse Avenue in a house designed and first occupied by Ithiel Town with later modifications by Henry Austin. His canal, later replaced with a railroad, crossed Hillhouse near his home.

He gave Yale University a building for its scientific department, and a US$130,000 endowment for the school, which was renamed the Sheffield Scientific School in his honor.

His son-in-law, John Addison Porter was on the faculty. Other donations to Yale followed, including his house and funds which were used to build North Sheffield Hall, to enlarge the library, and for other purposes. Trinity College and the Theological Seminary of the Northwest also benefited from his donations.

Sheffield died in New Haven, Connecticut, and is buried in Grove Street Cemetery.

References

External links

1793 births
1882 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
Benefactors of Yale University
Clerks
Burials at Grove Street Cemetery
People from New Bern, North Carolina
People from Southport, Connecticut
19th-century American philanthropists

Joseph Earl Sheffield


Nuruddin Muhammad Salim (known by his imperial name Jahangir)  (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627) was the fourth Mughal Emperor from 1605 to 1627.

Jahangir was the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great. He was married to Queen Nur Jahan ('Light of the World') and was much under her influence. she handled court matters and coins were issued in her name. He is especially well-known because of his memoirs, the Naam-i-Jahangiri (also called the Jahangir-name by some). His eldest son was Shah Jahan. Prince Khurram rebelled in the last years of his reign. The efforts of Nur Jahan, Jahangir's wife, to marginalize him were unsuccessful.
In 1622, Jahangir sent his son Prince Khurram against the combined forces of Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Golconda. After his son Khurram turned against his father and made a bid for power. As with the insurrection of his eldest son Khusrau Mirza, Jahangir was able to defeat the challenge from within his family and retain power. He conquered many new territories both in the north and in the south especially through his most decorated general, Muhammad Beg Zulfiqar Khan. He died at Mirpur on his way back from Kashmir to Lahore. After his death, Nur Jahan isolated herself and never talked to anyone.

He was buried at Lahore city, now in Pakistan. After his death, by his son and successor Shah Jahan came to power. Shah Jahan killed his father for his desire to be the ruler of the world but couldn't succeed, still military campaigns started by Akbar continued.

He also consumed excessive amounts of opium, at one point employing a special servant just to manage his supply of intoxicating drugs.

Mughal emperors
1569 births
1627 deaths
17th century in India

Jahangir


Hope is a confidence in something wanted.  It can also mean:

Surname
For people surnamed Hope, see Hope (surname)First names
Famous people with Hope as a first name:
 An old English girl's first name, now more popular in the USA
 Hope (Xena), a villain from Xena
 The Hope, a Clow Cards and villain from the series Cardcaptor Sakura
 Hope Clarke, an American dancer
 Hope Cooke, an American woman who became the Queen of Sikkim
 Hope Davis, an American actress
 Hope Lange, an American actress
 Hope Sandoval, an American singer
 Hope, an artificial construct created by Lex Luthor in Lex Luthor: Man of Steel Place names
Hope College in Holland, Michigan
Hope, Derbyshire, England
Hope, Flintshire, Wales
Hope, British Columbia
Hope, New Zealand
Hope, Quebec
Hope, Rhode Island

United States:
Hope, Alaska
Hope, Arkansas
Hope, Illinois
Hope, Maine
Hope, Michigan
Hope, New Mexico
Hope, New York
Hope, North DakotaSee also: Hope Island

 Things
 The Hope Diamond, a famous diamond.
 HOPE-X, the HOPE shuttle program, or the "H-II Orbiting Plane"
 Hackers On Planet Earth, a biennial conference series sponsored by hacker magazine 2600
 HOPE Worldwide, a benevolent organization
 The Hope Channel, a Christian television channel
 Hope (Doctor Who), a novel based on the television show Doctor Who Hope (ship), American merchant ship circa 1800
 Hope (emotion), a belief in a positive outcome in circumstances in one's life

 Music
 Hope (album), a progressive rock album by the Canadian band Klaatu
 Hope (hip hop album), a hip hop album by underground rapper Sage Francis and producer Joe Beats
 Hope, an album by Hillsong Music Australia (2003)
 "Hope", a 1985 Descendents (band) song from the album Milo Goes to College "Hope", a Cantonese theme song for Dae Jang Geum by Kelly Chen
 "Hope", a song by Avail from their 1992 album Satiate "Hope", a song by Shaggy (artist)
 "Hope", a song by Fat Freddy's Drop
 "Hope", a 1998 song by R.E.M. from their album Up "Hope (Twista song)", a 2005 song featuring Twista and R&B singer Faith Evans
 "Hope (Rush song)", a 2007 song by rock group Rush
 "Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi single)", a song by jazz pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi
 Also the title of a Toshiko Akiyoshi album, Hope (Toshiko Akiyoshi)'' (2005)
 Hope (band), a Canadian punk rock band
 Hatikvah, Hebrew for "The Hope", the national anthem of Israel
 Hope Recordings, a record label

Concepts
 Hope (virtue)
 Hope programming language, a small functional programming language

Other

Hope is the state motto of :Rhode Island.

Basic English 850 words

Hope


An abscess () is pus that has built up within the tissue of the body. Signs and symptoms of abscesses include: redness, pain, warmth, and swelling. This swelling feels like it is filled with fluid if it is pressed. The area of redness is often bigger than the area of swelling. Carbuncles are an abscess in the hair follicles.

An abscess is usually caused by a bacterial infection. Often many different types of bacteria can be part of a single infection. In the United States and many other areas of the world the most common bacteria present is MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Rarely parasites can cause abscesses and this is more common in the developing world. Diagnosis of a skin abscess is usually made based on what it looks like and is proved by cutting it open. Ultrasound imaging may be useful in cases in which the diagnosis is not clear. In abscesses around the anus, computer tomography (CT) may be important to look for deeper infection.

Treatment for most skin or soft tissue abscesses is to cut it open and drain out the pus. Antibiotics are usually not needed for healthy people. New studies have found that it is better to close the wound after draining, instead of packing it with gauze. This can speed healing and not increase risk of the abscess returning.  Sometimes simply sucking out the pus with a needle is not enough.

Skin abscesses are common and have become more common in recent years. As many as 65% of people who take intravenous drugs get abscesses In 2005 in the United States 3.2 million people went to the emergency department for an abscess. In Australia around 13,000 people were put in hospital in 2008 for the disease.

Signs and symptoms

Abscesses can form in any kind of solid tissue. They are usually on the skin surface (such as a boils, or deep skin abscesses), in the lungs, brain, teeth, kidneys and tonsils.  The condition can become more complicated if the pus and the infection spread to other parts of the body. This can lead to gangrene, where areas of body tissue die.

The main symptoms and signs of a skin abscess are redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function. There may also be high temperature (fever) and chills.

Internal abscesses are more difficult to find. The abscess can be painful, and a person will have a high temperature, and generally feel unwell.
Internal abscesses do not usually heal without medical treatment. In some cases an abscess could even cause death, for example where an abscess in the neck put pressure on the trachea.

If abscess is on the surface, it may be "fluctuant", that is it feels like it is full of fluid, when touched. This is a wave-like motion caused by movement of the pus inside the abscess.

Causes
Abscesses are caused by bacterial infection, parasites, or foreign substances.
Bacterial infection is the most common cause. Often many different types of bacteria are involved in a single infection. In the United States and many other areas of the world the most common bacteria present is MRSA. Among spinal subdural abscesses, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism involved.

Rarely parasites can causes abscesses and this is more common in the developing world. Specific parasites known to do this include: dracunculiasis and myiasis.

References

Other websites

Medical signs

Abscess


Derek Acorah's Ghost Towns is a paranormal reality television series which features noted Medium Derek Acorah as he visits towns in the UK to investigate hauntings. The team would travel in the "Ghost Town Van" and would allow townsfolk to tell the team about their encounters with hauntings in their home town. During the investigation, Derek would visit a random house and give the owner a psychic reading this was "Doorstep Divination." The show aired from 7 November 2005 until 28 November 2006.

Series guide

Series one
The first series aired every Monday night at 9pm on LivingTV between 7 November and 12 December. The show was hosted by Danniella Westbrook and Angus Purden. After each episode aired, a "behind the scenes" show "Ghost Towns Revealed" aired which followed the team as they filmed the episode.

 Faversham (7 November 2005)
 Shrewsbury (14 November 2005)
 Maidstone (21 November 2005)
 Northampton (28 November 2005)
 Bedford (5 December 2005)
 Royston (12 December 2005)

Series two
The second series aired every Tuesday night at 9pm on LivingTV between 31 January 2006 and 4 April 2006. Once again, Danniella Westbrook and Angus Purden joined Derek on the show.

 Stafford (31 January 2006)
 Blackpool (7 February 2006)
 Ely (14 February 2006)
 Oswestry (21 February 2006)
 Canterbury (28 February 2006)
 Lowestoft (7 March 2006)
 Salisbury (14 March 2006)
 Hull (21 January 2006)
 Lincoln (28 March 2006)
 Devizes (4 April 2006)

Series Three
The show returned for a third series at the end of 2006. It aired every Tuesday night from 3 October 2006 until 28 November 2006. This series featured a "new look" for the show as there were new opening titles and new presenters. Myleene Klass and Rhodri Owen presented this series. This was the last series of Ghost Towns to air.

 Swansea (3 October 2006)
 Chester (10 October 2006)
 Stirling (17 October 2006)
 Worcester (24 October 2006)
 Dorchester (7 November 2006)
 Guildford (14 November 2006)
 Glasgow (21 November 2006)
 Greenwich (28 November 2006)

Live
In early 2006, Ghost Towns broadcast two live events. The events would each last for three nights from 9pm until midnight. The studio host for the show was Liz Bonnin. Danniella Westbrook was unable to take part in the first live event and was replaced by Emmerdale actress Nicola Wheeler. Angus Purden was present for both live events and Danniella Westbrook returned for the second live event. Two companion shows aired during the live events. "Early Doors" aired 1 hour before the investigation began which featured interviews with the team. "Revealed" allowed viewers to call into the studio to discuss the nights events. This show aired for 1 hour after the live event.

Episodes

York
Night One (27 January 2006)
Night Two (28 January 2006)
Night Three (29 January 2006)
Halifax
Night One (10 March 2006)
Night Two (11 March 2006)
Night Three (12 March 2006)

Ending
Although the series still had good ratings and a fourth series was planned for 2007, Acorah announced plans to take a break from the show to focus on a large scale UK Tour demonstrating his mediumship. Once his tour finished he returned to television and LivingTV with Paranormal Egypt instead of a fourth series of Ghost Towns.

DVD
All three series of Derek Acorah's Ghost Towns are available on DVD.

Book
A book based on the investigation of the locations of series one is available. It was written by Derek Acorah and has contributions from Danniella Westbrook and Angus Purden.

External links

2005 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
2000s British reality television series
Sky Living original programming
Paranormal reality television series
English-language television shows
British supernatural television shows

Derek Acorah's Ghost Towns


Elisabet Sahtouris  is an evolution biologist, futurist, speaker, author and sustainability consultant to businesses, government agencies and other organizations. She is a US and Greek citizen who has lived in the US, Canada, Greece, Peru and Spain while lecturing, doing workshops and media appearances on all continents. She has a PhD from Dalhousie University in Canada. She consults with corporations and government organizations in Australia, Brazil, Europe, Asia, Africa and the United States.

Sahtouris co-convened two symposia on the foundations of science in Hokkaido and Kuala Lumpur. She is currently Professor in Residence at Chaminade University in Honolulu, Hawaii, teaching in the School of Business & Communication MBA Program and helping redesign it for entrepreneurship in local living economies. She is a member of the Evolutionary Leaders and a founding member of Rising Women; Rising World. She promotes a vision she believes will result in the sustainable health and well-being of humanity within the larger living systems of Earth and the cosmos.

She has appeared in films including Occupy Love, I Am, Femme, Love Thy Nature and Money & Life. Her books include EarthDance: Living Systems in Evolution, A Walk Through Time: from Stardust to Us,  Biology Revisioned (with Willis Harman). and new ebook Gaia's Dance: The Story of Earth & Us.

Works
Papers
Ecosophy article at: http://www.kosmosjournal.org/article/ecosophy-natures-guide-to-a-better-world/
After Darwin
Skills for the Age of Sustainability
Living Systems in Evolution

Books
Earthdance - Living Systems in Evolution
Biology Revisioned, with Willis Harman, North Atlantic Publishers 1998.
A Walk Through Time: From Stardust to Us
Gaia's Dance: The Story of Earth & Us

References

External links

 Articles & interviews
 LifeWeb - articles and books
 Elisabet Sahtouris MP3 audio -  Nature's Secrets of Success from The Great Rethinking: Bath
 Video of Elisabet Sahtouris with the Dalai Lama during filming of the documentary "Dalai Lama Renaissance"
 Elisabet Sahtouris MP3 audio - from Shift in Action, sponsored by Institute of Noetic Sciences

Evolutionary biologists
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
American people of Greek descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American biologists

Elisabet Sahtouris


The Darini (Δαρῖνοι) (manuscript variant: Darnii [Δάρνιοι]) were a people of ancient Ireland mentioned in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in south Antrim and north Down. Their name implies descent from an ancestor called Dáire (*Dārios), as claimed by several historical peoples, including the Dál Riata and Dál Fiatach (Ulaidh) in the same area of eastern Ulster as well the Érainn (Iverni) of Munster. An early name for Dundrum, County Down, is recorded as Dún Droma Dáirine, and the name Dáirine was applied to the Érainn dynasty.

Overview

The cognate Dari(o) ("agitation, tumult, rage") is a form widely attested in the Gaulish language, especially in personal names, and exists in the Welsh language as cynddaredd ("rage"). Thus the Darini may have been considered a people
"of great violence" and descendants of a so-called "red god". Over time, however, the Irish personal name Dáire would develop the meaning of "rutty" or "violent" apparently following a meaning of "bestial rage".

Dáirine can sometimes refer to the so-called Érainn dynasties altogether and not only to the Corcu Loídge and their corelatives in Munster.

Cú Roí mac Dáire is a king from Munster who appears frequently in the Ulster Cycle possibly reflecting memories of the prehistoric Darini when their power was great in Ireland. The Dál Fiatach of Ulster later claimed descent from his semi-divine clan, the Clanna Dedad, further associating the two provinces—although seemingly in contradiction to their descent from the Ulaid or Voluntii proper, until it is remembered that the Darini and Voluntii lived adjacent to one another in Ptolemy's Ireland and were no doubt ancient kin. Cú Roí's father was Dáire mac Dedad. The Clanna Dedad take their name from his grandfather, Deda mac Sin.

The legendary Conaire Mór, ancestor of the Síl Conairi, or Dál Riata, Múscraige, Corco Duibne, and Corca Baiscinn, was said to descend from Íar mac Dedad, brother of Dáire. This is simply another variant of the root present in Iverni/Érainn. Finally, the name Íth, given in the genealogies as the ultimate ancestor of the Corcu Loígde (Dáirine) and offering some confusion about their parentage and relation to the Iverni, in fact preserves the same Indo-European root *peiH- ("to be fat, swell"), thus in effect completing a basic picture of the Darini/Dáirine and their kindred in later historical Ireland.

Modern descendants
A number of Scottish clans and families in the provinces of Ulster and Munster, trace their origins either among the Darini/Dáirine proper or peoples closely related to them. These include the McMahon/McKenzie, Haughey/Hoey, McNulty/McKinley of Dál Fiatach, and the O'Driscoll and O'Leary of Corcu Loígde.

See also
 Irish nobility

References

Further reading
 Pokorny, Julius. "Beiträge zur ältesten Geschichte Irlands (3. Érainn, Dári(n)ne und die Iverni und Darini des Ptolomäus)", in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 12 (1918): 323-57.

Prehistoric Ireland
Tribes of ancient Ireland

Darini


Data vault modeling is a database modeling method that tries to preserve different sets of historical data from different sources. It is also a method of looking at historical data that deals with issues such as auditing, tracing of data, loading speed and resilience to change.

Data Vault Modeling focuses on several things. First, it emphasizes the need to trace where all the data in the database came from. Each row has extra attributes that describe where the data came from, and at what time it was loaded. This feature lets auditors find the source of the values.

Data vault modeling does not distinguish between data that conforms to the business rules and data that does not. The data that does not conform is generally called "bad data". Dan Linstedt, who developed the technology, said that a data vault modeling stores "a single version of the facts". In other data warehouse modeling schemes, the data warehouse generally stores "a single version of the truth", data that does not conform to the business rules is removed.

Because data vault modeling stores the source of the data separately from the data itself, it can cope with change in the business environment. It does this by explicitly separating structural information from descriptive attributes.

Finally, Data Vault is designed to enable parallel loading as much as possible, so that very large implementations can scale out without the need for major redesign.

Database modeling

Data vault modeling


Francis Scott (July 21, 1921 – October 5, 1995) was an American musician and arranger that was a member of the Lawrence Welk orchestra. His instruments were the piano and the harpsichord.

Biography

Francis Scott, Jr was born in Fargo, North Dakota. He was the youngest of three sons of Frank Roy Scott, Sr. and Alice Wilson Scott. He first took up the piano at age eight, and by the time he was twelve, he led his first band and started to arrange songs.  He originally attended North Dakota Agricultural College after high school, but after a year he left when he decided to pursue a career in music. He was the music director at radio station WDAY in Fargo from 1944 to 1956 where he scored over 2,500 arrangements for the station while composing music for community theater groups and conducting local ice shows.

In 1956, bandleader Lawrence Welk asked him to join his orchestra and his nationwide television show. He appeared on The Lawrence Welk Show playing piano and harpsichord during his tenure on the show until 1969, when he was replaced by the late Bob Smale. He also worked behind the scenes of the Welk show as an arranger, assisted the production staff and furnished programming ideas. Scott also arranged thousands of songs and recorded albums in his own right for Coral and Dot Records. He left the show and then moved back to Fargo with his wife, where he continued to work in music, organized a big band, and taught a course at North Dakota State University for a year plus continued to arrange music.

By the late 1970s, he moved back to California and formed his own orchestra, which he led until he died in October 1995. By that time, he lived in Palm Desert and had arranged more than seven thousand songs in his entire career.

Personal life
Scott was married to his first wife, Janette Daniels Scott from 1940 until her death in 1979; they had four children, Douglas, Sally, Todd and Frank. His second wife, Audrey Roseland Scott  (1924-2008), worked for Scott when they were at WDAY in Fargo during the 1940s. They were married from 1993 until his death two years later.

References

1921 births
People from Fargo, North Dakota
Musicians from North Dakota
1995 deaths
American music arrangers
Lawrence Welk
20th-century American pianists
American male pianists
20th-century American male musicians

Frank Scott (musician)


Paul Dale Smith (born November 1976) is a writer and playwright from Leicester, England but currently living and working in Greater Manchester. He writes under the name Dale Smith, and has had previous works published and performed under the names Paul Smith and Paul D. Smith.

He is most well known for work on various Doctor Who spin-offs.

Biography
Smith was born in Leicester in 1976, and has been writing since the age of 8. In his youth, he worked as a youth worker at his school, receiving training on various aspects of the job including child abuse awareness. Early in his career, he wrote stage plays but has recently turned to writing prose as "it's still almost impossible to get anything actually produced".

He has stated that his ambition is to "be Ian Rankin, lock stock and house in Edinburgh. But I'll settle for just being able to keep writing and keep getting stuff seen by people". In his spare time he draws and creates digital pictures, and also plays the guitar.

Career
Smith's first published work was a poem published in the Leicester Mercury about Native Americans. He was still a pupil at junior school at the time. By the time he had moved to secondary school, he had had several fan fiction short stories published in Cosmic Masque, the fiction magazine of the Doctor Who Appreciation Society and this encouraged him to submit two short stories to Marvel UK's Doctor Who Magazine. These were published in the Brief Encounters section, some of the last stories published before the feature was discontinued.

Whilst writing short stories, Smith was also studying at Soar Valley Community College, Leicester, where he developed a keen interest in the theatre. He joined Jez Simons' Haithi Productions youth theatre group where he appeared in Simons' and Joyti Patel's The Fire Dragon at the Phoenix Arts Centre alongside future ER cast member Parminder Nagra. He entered the Independent Radio Drama Productions (IRDP) Young Radio Playwright Competition 1994 with the play Hello?, after re-writing the ending at Simons' suggestion. He won the competition, and the radio play was broadcast on LBC and performed at the Cambridge Theatre, before transferring to the Old Red Lion Theatre for a four-week run.

Following the success of Hello? (with reviews calling the play "35 minutes of tense drama" and "frighteningly direct . . . it will haunt you for a long time afterwards.") IRDP produced another of Smith's plays. The Kissing Game enjoyed a four-week run at the Tristan Bates Actors Centre, and following a relocation to Manchester to read drama at Manchester University, Smith continued to have work produced: he was runner up in the 1997 Manchester Student Playwriting Competition before winning outright in 1998 with the play A Night on the Tiles. This was followed by a play set in and around Northampton during the Battle of Naseby.

Whilst the BBC considered Heritage for their Past Doctor Adventures range, Smith continued to write short Doctor Who stories, and during 2001 he had stories published in three major charity anthologies: Missing Pieces, The Cat Who Walked Through Time and Walking in Eternity. Smith has acknowledged the role these stories played in his successful commission, saying, "It can't be coincidence that the month that I was contacted about my proposal was also the month it was announced I had stories in the three biggest charity anthologies of the year, can it?"

After graduating from university, Smith worked part-time at Manchester University's John Rylands University Library, where he met his future wife. He returned to writing Doctor Who with the novella The Albino's Dancer, published as part of the Telos Time Hunter range, which was followed in turn by short stories for Big Finish Productions' Short Trips and Bernice Summerfield ranges.

Smith wrote a paper in the academic textbook Time and Relative Dissertations in Space edited by David Butler and the novel The Many Hands for the BBC's New Series Adventures range.

Most recently he contributed a short story to the Obverse Books' collection, Wildthyme in Purple and edited the collection The Perennial Miss Wildthyme, for which he also contributed a short story.

List of works

Plays
 Hello? (1994), IRDP — radio play broadcast on LBC
 Hello? (1994), IRDP — stage play performed at the Old Red Lion Theatre
 The Kissing Game (1996), IRDP — stage play performed at the Tristan Bates Theatre
 A Night on the Tiles (1998), K486 — stage play performed at C venues
 Skin Deep (1998), Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester — section of full work performed in the Royal Exchange Studio
 The Lunatic (1999), Channel 12 — stage play performed at C Venues
 A Northamptonshire Tale (2000), Royal Theatre Northampton — stage play performed around Northampton

Prose
 Heritage (2003), , BBC Books
 The Albino's Dancer (2006), , Telos Publishing Ltd.
 The Many Hands (2008), , BBC Books
 Spinning Jenny (2017), , Obverse Books

Short stories
Brief Encounters
 Front Line (1993), Doctor Who Magazine. Editor — Gary Russell
 The Gallery (1994), Doctor Who Magazine. Editor — Gary Russell

Big Finish Productions
 Pluto in Short Trips: The Solar System (2005), , Big Finish Productions. Editor — Gary Russell
 Mother's Ruin in Collected Works (2006), , Big Finish Productions. Editor — Nick Wallace
 Driftwood in Short Trips: Transmissions (2008), Big Finish Productions. Editor — Richard Salter

Obverse Books
 The Fag Hag from Hell in The Panda Book of Horror (2009), Obverse Books. Editors — Paul Magrs and Stuart Douglas
 The Bronze Door in Wildthyme in Purple (2011), Obverse Books. Editors — Stuart Douglas and Cody Quijano-Schell
 About a Girl in Tales of the City (2012), Obverse Books. Editor — Philip Purser-Hallard

References

External links
 Dale Smith's homepage
 Dale Smith's Librarything page
 Outpost Gallifrey's Dale Smith page
 IRDP website
 Big Finish Website
 Telos website

1976 births
Living people
21st-century British short story writers
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
21st-century English novelists
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers
Writers from Leicester
Writers of Doctor Who novels
English short story writers
English science fiction writers
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
English male dramatists and playwrights
English male short story writers
English male novelists

Dale Smith (writer)


Paul Gilson (Brussels, 15 June 1865 – Brussels, 3 April 1942) was a Belgian musician and composer.

Biography
Paul Gilson was born in Brussels.  In 1866, his family moved to Ruisbroek in the Belgian province of Brabant. There he studied theory with the organist and choir director Auguste Cantillon, and began writing works for orchestra and choir. His first official training came from 1887 to 1889 under François-Auguste Gevaert in composition and under Charles Duyck in harmony and counterpoint at the Brussels Conservatory, and in 1889, he was awarded the Belgian Prix de Rome for a cantata, Sinaï, which was very well received. As the winner of the prize he was able to spend time in Bayreuth (1892), Paris (1893–4) and Italy (1895).

A large orchestral work, La mer, which was first performed in Brussels on 20 March 1892, established Gilson as a national musical figure and also gave him success abroad, though not in Paris.

In 1899 he became professor of composition at the Brussels Conservatory; he won the same post at Antwerp in 1904 but quit both after becoming inspector of music education in 1909, a post he would keep until 1930. Although he was a very prolific composer, his output decreased after 1905, after which Gilson wrote increasingly about music, in theory, criticism, and composition.

In 1925, a group of Gilson's students who called themselves Les Synthétistes (including René Bernier, Francis de Bourguignon, Théo De Joncker, Marcel Poot, Maurice Schoemaker, Jules Strens and Robert Otlet) first formed, declaring allegiance to Gilson's ideas about music. Along with Poot and Schoemaker, he founded La revue belge musicale in 1924; he was the chief editor until it folded in 1939. He also wrote pamphlets for Belgian radio.

Gilson corresponded regularly with Russian composers César Cui and Mitrofan Belyayev.  He died in his native city of Brussels.

Honours
 1932 : commander in the Order of Leopold.

Music
Gilson was somewhat conservative in his musical outlook. Some of his work is indebted to Wagnerian harmony, and his books on harmony and instrumentation also bear this out.

La Mer, the score which gave him his greatest success, is a set of four impressionistic movements ("symphonic sketches") in sonata form which were originally intended to illustrate verses by a French-speaking poet, Eddy Levis. Generally considered to form a programmatic symphony depicting the sea, Gilson's score (also known as De Zee) predated Claude Debussy's work of the same name by a decade. Despite being finely crafted, his later works such as the oratorio  Francesca da Rimini tended to be somewhat conventional, lacking the originality displayed in the orchestration of La Mer. An exception is the brilliant Variations symphoniques (originally scored for brass ensemble), which is also the composer's only major work without literary associations.

Works

For orchestra
 1890 Alla Marcia rhapsody for string orchestra
 1890 Rhapsodie à la marcia
 1892 La Mer 4 Symphonic sketches
 Lever de soleil
 Chants et danses de matelots
 Crépuscule
 Tempête
 1892–1893 Mélodies écossaises for string orchestra
 The Flowers Of The Forest
 Sweet May Morning
 Jig And Song
 1900 Ouverture symphonique Nr. 1
 Alvar
1902 Premier Concerto for Alto Saxophone
1902 Deuxième Concerto for Alto Saxophone
 1903 Variations symphoniques for large orchestra (adapted from the first version for brass ensemble)
 1903 Ouverture symphonique Nr. 2
 1904 Ouverture symphonique No. 3
 1910 Inaugural Fanfare for the Coronation of Albert I
 1929 Parafrazen op vlaamse volksliederen
 Sailors Dance

For wind orchestra
 1891 Fantaisie canadienne (Published by Breitkopf & Härtel as Fantasie über kanadische Volksweisen in 1898)
 1903 Variation symphonique for brass instruments
 1892/1925 La Mer 4 Symphonic Sketches for wind orchestra transcribed by Arthur Prevost
 Lever de soleil
 Chants et danses de matelots
 Crépuscule
 Tempête
 1930 Tornacum
 1930 Grande marche du Centenaire
 1948 Moeder for speaker and fanfare orchestra
 Binche
 Brabant – marche militaire
 Danse guerrière from the ballet La Captive
 Deuxième rhapsodie
 Deuxième valse symphonique
 Encore un ! allegro
 Epithalame
 Gavotte Monsignore
 Hommage à Weber
 Interlude solennel
 L'heureux voyage
 Le retour au pays : Prière avant le départ
 Marche commémorative
 Marche cortège
 Marche panégyrique
 Merxem – Allegro militaire
 Montréal – Allegro de concert
 Ouverture »Eleusines«
 Patrouille albanaise
 Poème symphonique en forme d'ouverture
 Polka fantaisiste
 Rhapsodie laudative
 Rhapsodie hawaïenne
 Richard III Ouverture
 Terugkeer naar het vaderland
 Triumph Marsch
 Variations
 Valse symphonique nr. 1
 Valse symphonique nr. 2
 Vestris – Danse mimique
 Quarantenaire – Marche solennelle

Stage works
 1890 Le démon Dramatic cantata on a text by Lermontov in 2 acts for soloists, choir and orchestra
 1892 Francesca da Rimini Dramatic oratorio based on a text by Dante for soloists, choir and orchestra
 1895 Gens de mer (Zeevolk) Lyric drama in 2 acts
 1896–1900 La captive Ballet in 2 acts
 1903 Princesse Rayon de Soleil (Prinses Zonneschijn), légende féerique en quatre  actes
 1910 Les aventuriers (Rooversliefde) Musical drama in 1 act
 1910–1921 Les deux bossus, ballet-Pantomime in 1 Act
 1940 Elijah Music for a play by Cyriel Verschaeve
 Daphné Ballett

Other works
 1889–1890 Six mélodies
 1902 Petite suite rustique for piano
 1934 Le mas d'Icare for a film by Carlo Queeckers for string orchestra
 1926 Sonatina for carillon
 1934–1936 Romantische werkjes
 1940 Aria di Timpani con 6 Variazioni
 Suite nocturne for piano
 Six chansons écossaises based on a text by Leconte de Lisle

Arrangements
Scheherazade arrangement of the symphonic suite by Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov for solo piano

Books and writings
 1913 Le Tutti orchestral
 1923 Traité de lecture musicale
 1923 Traité d'harmonie (3 Bände)
 1926 Traité de musique militaire
 Solfège – Cours complet de la lecture musicale en neuf volumes
 1942 Notes de musique et souvenirs (memoirs)
 1955 Arthur Meulemans: Paul Gilson (1865–1942)

References

External links

 Koninklijk Conservatorium Brussel now houses most works and manuscripts of Gilson, after the bankruptcy of CeBeDeM in 2015.

1865 births
1942 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century Belgian male musicians
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Belgian male musicians
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Composers for carillon
Concert band composers
Musicians from Brussels
Prix de Rome (Belgium) winners
Romantic composers
Royal Conservatory of Brussels alumni
Academic staff of the Royal Conservatory of Brussels

Paul Gilson


County Meath () is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Mide (in Gaelic Mide means "middle"). 184,135 people lived in the county according to the 2011 census. The county town is Navan, this is where the county hall and government are located. Trim used to be the county town.

The River Boyne flows through the county.

Main towns

  Navan 28,559 people
  Ashbourne 11,355 people
  Laytown-Bettystown-Mornington 10,889 people
  Ratoath 9,043 people
  Trim 8,268 people
  Dunboyne 6,959 people
  Kells 5,888 people
  Duleek 3,988 people
  Dunshaughlin 3,903 people
  Stamullen 3,130 people

History
The county is sometimes known by the nickname "The Royal County" because of its history as the seat of the High King of Ireland.

County Meath formed the eastern part of the former Kingdom of Mide. The seat of the High King of Ireland was at Tara which is not far from Navan.

The archaeological complex of Brú na Bóinne is 5,000 years old. It includes the burial sites of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth, in the north-east of the county. It is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site.

Economy
The county has a lot of farms, mainly cattle, dairying, potatoes and grain. Meath is Ireland's leading county producer of potatoes, and a significant producer of beef, barley, milk, wheat, and root vegetables. Europe's largest underground lead-zinc mine, Tara Mines, has operated since 1977, at a location to the west of Navan.

Main roads in Meath
 The M1 motorway linking Dublin and Belfast
 The N2 / M2 motorway linking Dublin and Derry
 The N3 / M3 motorway linking Dublin and Cavan
 The N4 / M4 motorway linking Dublin and Sligo

Places of interest
 The Hill of Tara, an ancient historical site.
 Castles at Trim, Slane (private), Dunsany (limited opening), Killeen (A Hotel).
 Religious ruins at Trim (two), Bective, Slane (two), Dunsany, Skryne (Skreen).
 2500-year-old mound structures of disputed origin at Teltown.  Teltown is home to Ireland's pre-Olympic Games, which some records date back to 1869 BCE.
 Brú na Bóinne Unesco World Heritage Site.
 Loughcrew, an ancient historical site.

References

Other websites

Meath County Council
Meath Tourism
CSO Website
County Meath History Geography map guide

Meath

County Meath


A cell wall is the wall of a cell in plants,  bacteria, fungi, algae, and some archaea. Animal cells do not have cell walls, nor do protozoa. Cell walls protect the cells from damage. It is also there to make the cell strong, to keep its shape, and to control the growing of the cell and plant.

The cell wall is the tough, usually flexible but sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is outside the cell membrane and gives these cells support and protection, as well as acting as a filter. The cell wall also acts as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell by osmosis.

The material in the cell wall varies. In plants and algae, the cell wall is made of long molecules of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. The cell wall has channels which let some proteins in and keeps others out. Water and small molecules can go through the cell wall and the cell membrane.

Functions

Strength
The cell wall has mechanical strength, and supports cell shape. This mechanical strength is its main function:
"Think of the cell wall as a wicker basket in which a balloon has been inflated so that it exerts pressure from the inside. Such a basket is very rigid and resistant to mechanical damage. Thus the [organisms] cell that have a cell wall) gain strength from a flexible plasma membrane pressing against a rigid cell wall".
Although the plant cell wall is strong, it is not rigid or stiff. The flexibility of the cell walls is seen when plants wilt, so that the stems and leaves begin to droop.

Some plants add stiffening material to some of their cell walls. A secondary cell wall is an additional layer of cellulose which increases wall rigidity. More layers may be added containing lignin in xylem cell walls, or containing suberin in cork cell walls.  These compounds are rigid and waterproof. They make the secondary wall stiff. Both wood and bark cells of trees have secondary walls. Other parts of plants such as the leaf stalk may get reinforcement to resist the strain of physical forces.

Permeability
Small molecules, including small proteins, can easily get through the primary plant cell wall. Water and carbon dioxide are distributed throughout the plant. The pH is an important factor in the transport of molecules through cell walls.

Bacterial cell wall

Around the outside of the cell membrane is the bacterial cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan, which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.

The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria.  The antibiotic penicillin is able to kill bacteria by preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan and this causes the cell wall to weaken and lyse. The lysozyme enzyme can also damage bacterial cell walls.

Middle lamella
The middle lamella gives the cell shape, support, and strength. It is made of calcium and magnesium. Even though it is called middle lanella, it is the outer part of the cell. The middle lamella is the first wall of the cell to give protection.

Animal cell membrane
Animal cells do not have cell walls. They have microfilaments (the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton).

References

Cell biology
Plant anatomy

Cell wall


All Together Now is a 2008 feature-length documentary that chronicles the making of the Beatles and Cirque du Soleil collaboration project Love. The film details the story behind the unique partnership between the Beatles and Cirque du Soleil that resulted in the creation and launch of the Love stage show and the double Grammy-winning album of the same name. The film is dedicated to the memory of Neil Aspinall, a former assistant to the band and eventual head of Apple Corps, who died in March that year.

Background and release
All Together Now recounts how the Love project came into being, borne from the personal friendship between George Harrison and Cirque du Soleil founder Guy Laliberte. George saw how the twin talents of Cirque's artistry and the Beatles' music could be fused into something new and totally original. The title of the DVD refers to the Beatles song "All Together Now."

The director, Adrian Wills, records early meetings between the Cirque & Apple Corps' creative teams, as well as contributions from Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, Yoko Ono Lennon, and Olivia Harrison discussing how the Beatles' music can be used in a different way. The film touches on the decision to utilize the combined talents of George Martin and his son Giles Martin to produce what became a 90-minute soundscape created from the Beatles' multi-track recordings and how this new audio adventure was being quietly worked on in the famous Abbey Road Studios in London, England whilst the first creative ideas for the show were being formulated in Montreal, Canada.

These early stages of the project were all filmed, as were the first rehearsals in the theatre of The Mirage in Las Vegas, which was completely rebuilt with a one-of-a-kind sound system and complex round staging to house the Love show. George and Giles Martin, the show's musical directors, were involved with the Cirque du Soleil creative team, performers and backroom staff.

The DVD won the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video, in 2009, for the director, Adrian Wills, and the producers, Martin Bolduc and Jonathan Clyde. The Beatles did not receive the award as they did not perform in the video. They had, however, received an award in the same category several years earlier for The Beatles Anthology documentary.

References

External links

2008 films
Documentary films about the Beatles
Cirque du Soleil
Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video
Circus films
2008 documentary films
2000s English-language films

All Together Now (2008 film)


Abraham (originally Abram) is a man in the Book of Genesis and the Qur'an. There, he is said to be the father of all Jews. This is because he is their ancestor. Abraham is part of the Jewish, Christian and Islamic religions. Abraham is considered the father of these three religions, which are called Abrahamic religions.

Abraham is the father of Isaac with his wife Sarah. He also has Ishmael with Hagar, Sarah's handmaid, and he has other children with Keturah, whom he marries after Sarah's death. He is the grandfather of Jacob and Esau. Abraham is believed to be the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites and Edomites. Abraham was the son of Terah and the grandson of Nahor (son of Serug). Abraham's older brothers were named Nahor (son of Terah) and Haran.

The Covenant of Abraham
In the Book of Genesis, Abraham leaves his home in Mesopotamia for Canaan because the Almighty told him to go there and become the ancestor of a great nation. At the time, his name was Abram but then the Almighty told him to circumcise himself and all his sons and that "the uncircumcised male who dwells among you, his soul shall be cut off, for he has rejected my covenant" and after his circumcision Abram changed his name to Abraham.

The Binding of Isaac
When Abraham was circumcised, the Almighty told him that his wife Sarah would give birth to a son but Abraham laughed because of how old he was and asked the Almighty to give a blessing to Ishmael. The Almighty told Abraham that he would bless Ishmael and that Sarah would give birth to a son whose children would inherit what the Almighty promised Abraham.

After Abraham's circumcision three angels pretending to be humans came to him and told him that in one year his wife Sarah would give birth to a son but she laughed since Abraham was 100 years old (and she was 90) but the angels said that nothing is impossible for the Almighty. One year later, Sarah gave birth to a son. Abraham circumcised him and named him Isaac because of the laughter. Years after Hagar and Ishmael were sent away, the Almighty told Abraham "take your son, your only one, whom you love Isaac and sacrifice him" and Abraham took Isaac to a mountain to be a human sacrifice but then the Almighty sent an angel to Abraham to stop him from killing Isaac and said that "I have seen that you are indeed a God fearing man since you have not withheld your son, your only one from me" so Abraham sacrificed a ram instead of Isaac. And Abraham named the place Yireh.

Later life
After Abraham's wife Sarah died when she was 127 years old, Abraham bought the Cave of Machpelah from Ephron the Hittite for 400 shekels and buried Sarah there. He then sent his servant to find a wife for Isaac. Then Abraham married Keturah and became the father of many children. Abraham died when he was 175 years old and Isaac and Ishmael buried him next to Sarah in the Cave of Machpelah.

Abraham and the Idol Shop
According to a midrash in the Talmud, when Abraham was young, his father Terah told him to take care of his store selling idols but instead Abraham destroyed them except the biggest one and told Terah that it had destroyed the rest and Terah told him that idols are mindless statues and not deities so they couldn't have done that. Then Abraham asked Terah why he worshipped them so Terah took him to King Nimrod who tried to kill him by burning him in a furnace but a miracle saved Abraham. So Nimrod asked Abraham's brother Haran what he believed and Haran said he believed in the deity of Abraham because He would save him with a miracle. Then Nimrod threw Haran to the furnace and he died and Nimrod sent away Terah and his family. And then the Almighty told Abraham to go to Canaan.

Other websites
"Journey and Life of the Patriarch Abraham" is an old map from 1590 that is about Abraham

Old Testament people

Abraham


The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence (NDDN) is a standing committee of the House of Commons of Canada. Prior to 2007, it was the House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence and Veterans' Affairs.

Mandate
The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence is a permanent committee established by the Standing Orders, the written rules under which the House of Commons regulates its proceedings. It is mandated to review all matters pertaining to the Department of National Defence ("the department") and the Canadian Armed Forces. It may examine and report on matters referred to it by the House of Commons or it may undertake studies on its own initiative.

The National Defence Act established the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces – the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air Force – as two separate entities operating in close cooperation under the authority of the Minister of National Defence. National Defence Headquarters is a "combined" headquarters consisting of both military and civilian personnel. The Standing Committee on National Defence is responsible for examining legislation, activities, and expenditures of the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces, as well as the effectiveness of related policies and programs.

When examining legislation or undertaking a particular study, the Committee may hear from a variety of witnesses including the Minister, relevant departmental and Canadian Armed Forces personnel, academics, subject matter specialists, stakeholders, Ministers and officials from other departments, and members of the public at large.

Order in Council Appointments, whereby individuals are appointed to certain senior posts within the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces, are referred to the Committee after they have been tabled in the House of Commons. Within thirty sitting days of this referral, the Committee may choose to examine the qualifications and competence of these appointees in relation to the posts to which they have been appointed. If the committee decides to present a report to the House, the report will ordinarily state that the committee has reviewed the appointment or nomination and whether or not the committee finds the person qualified and competent to perform the duties of the office.

The Committee is also empowered to study and report the following agencies and other independent bodies:

Defence Research and Development Canada*
Office of the Chief Military Judge*
Communications Security Establishment Canada*
Office of the Communications Security Establishment Commissioner*
Military Grievances External Review Committee (formerly known as the Canadian Forces Grievance Board)*
Military Police Complaints Commission*
Office of the Ombudsman for the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces
National Search and Rescue Secretariat
These bodies operate as independent units within the defence portfolio. The other agencies report to Parliament through the Minister of National Defence.

For procedural information regarding the mandate and power of committees please consult the relevant section in the Compendium of House of Commons Procedure.

Matters pertaining to the Department of National Defence
Care of ill and injured Canadian Forces members
Maintaining the readiness of the Canadian Forces

History
Until 1986, the Standing Committee on External Affairs and National Defence was responsible for examining defence policy. One result of the Canadian parliamentary reforms implemented during the 1980s was the establishment of a separate Standing Committee on National Defence in 1986.

In 1989, Veterans Affairs was added to the mandate of the Committee, and it was renamed the Standing Committee on National Defence and Veterans Affairs. However, on April 5, 2006, at the beginning of the 39th Parliament, the House of Commons adopted a motion which amended its Standing Orders to, among other things, divide the areas of responsibility and establish both a Standing Committee on National Defence and a Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs.

Membership

Subcommittees
Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure (SNDD)

References

External links
 Standing Committee on National Defence (NDDN)

National Defence
Parliamentary committees on Defence
Department of National Defence (Canada)
Canadian Armed Forces

Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence


Phillip Wayne Barham (born December 4, 1957) is a classical and jazz saxophonist was the professor of saxophone at Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville, Tennessee until October 2018.

Biography
Barham was born in Dowagiac, Michigan. He received a bachelor of music degree in woodwinds from the University of North Texas in 1982 and a master of music in woodwinds (saxophone) from the University of Michigan (where he studied with Donald Sinta) in 1983. He has previously served on the faculties of the California State University, Northridge, Andrews University, and Lake Michigan College. He has performed throughout the United States and Europe, and has concertized in Japan, as well. His former students include Andrew J. Allen and Lynzii O'Connor.

Barham's phenomenal playing has literally taken him around the globe. 'An American master saxophonist...' declared a London critic after Phil Barham's debut there in 1990. That recital in the Purcell Room, London, was part of his first European tour of debut recitals that also took him to Oslo, Norway, where he played in the Universitetets Aula, and to Geneva Swiwtzerland, with two recitals, one at the Musee International de la Croix-Rouge and the other in the Palais de l'Athenee. Audiences and critics agreed with the opinion already offered by the New York TÏmes: '...ability to swing at a dancing rhythm or to blister through a swift rippling melody...' published after his New York debut at Carnegie Recital Hall in 1987.

Barham has received critical acclaim across the country. At a recent concert in the Midwest, one critic was moved to write: '...world-class saxophonist... technical virtuosity...a dazzling performance that brought the audience to its feet in a standing ovation.'

On March 2, 1991, Barham completed his 1990–1991 season with a solo recital at Merkin Concert Hall, New York City. Barham presented his Tokyo debut under the auspices of "Music 2000" on October 30, 1993. This concert was held in Sogetsu Hall and featured music by American composers. On September 28, 1994, Barham performed for the Dame Myra Hess Memorial Concert Series held at the Chicago Public Library Cultural Center. Recently, he was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts to record the works for U.S. contemporary composer Rodney Waschka II. Barham has performed at the University of North Texas, Denton as guest artist.

Barham was also a clinician under the Yamaha Musical Instruments Performing Artist program. Barham is presently a clinician for the Selmer Company and assistant professor of Saxophone at Tennessee Technological University. He has also been the Saxophone Instructor for Western Michigan University's Summer Seminar. In 1989, he received the honor of being among the 'Outstanding Young Men of America.' In constant demand as a clinician and performer, Barham has appeared regularly with the Southwest Michigan Symphony, the South Bend Symphony and the Kalamazoo Symphony. Barham has also appeared on Public Television's WNIT "Open Studio." His recent performances include Alexander Glazunov's Concerto with the Holland Symphony Orchestra, Darius Milhaud's Scaramouche with the Bryan Symphony Orchestra and John Williams' Escapades with the South Bend Symphony Orchestra.

Discography
"America's Millennium Tribute to Adolphe Sax Volume XII". Tucson: Arizona University Recordings (AUR 3129), 2007.
Summer Concerto by Rodney Waschka II
Performed with the Tennessee Tech Symphony Band, Joseph Hermann, conductor.

"America's Millennium Tribute to Adolphe Sax Volume X".  Tucson: Arizona University Recordings (AUR 3124), date?
Ballade pour Saxophone et Orchestre ou Piano, by Henri Tomasi
Performed with the Southern California Chamber Players, May Chang, conductor.

"The Virtuoso in the Computer Age -- Volume II". Baton Rouge: Centaur Records (CRC 2133), 1992.
Last Night by Rodney Waschka II
Performed with Yumi Mayama-Livesay, piano

References

External links

1957 births
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
Andrews University faculty
Living people
Barham, Philip
People from Dowagiac, Michigan
21st-century American saxophonists
21st-century American male musicians

Phillip Barham


Nowa Karczma  is a village in Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Nowa Karczma. It lies approximately  east of Kościerzyna and  south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

References

Villages in Kościerzyna County

Nowa Karczma, Gmina Nowa Karczma


The FN P90 is a very short personal defense weapon made by FN Herstal. It was made to replace 9x19mm Parabellum submachine guns in NATO because NATO needed a small automatic weapon for non-combat specialists to protect themselves and could shoot through body armor. The P90 shoots the FN 5.7x28mm bullet, the same bullet as the FN Five-seven pistol. It is a small, high-velocity bullet that can shoot through body armor. The P90 has a rare feature where the box magazine is loaded parallel to the gun's barrel rather than perpendicular to it. Each magazine can hold 50 bullets. The P90 fires at a fast 900 rounds per minute (RPM). The P90 is fully ambidextrous, which means both right-handed and left-handed people can use the gun without any problems. It weighs only 2.6 kilograms (5.6 pounds) and is only 50.5 centimeters (19.9 inches) long. It is even small and light enough to fire with one hand. The P90 is very common in militaries and police forces in NATO countries. A semi-automatic only version called the PS-90 can be bought and used for civilian purposes.

References

Firearms

FN P90


Museo Municipal Carmen Funes, or, the Carmen Funes Municipal Museum, is a museum of paleontology in Plaza Huincul, Neuquén Province, Argentina. It is best known for its collection of dinosaur fossils, including the only specimen of the largest recorded dinosaur remains, Argentinosaurus huinculensis, and the only known sauropod embryos, which were discovered at a huge nesting site in Auca Mahuida, Patagonia. Its standard abbreviation is MCF-PVPH, or just PVPH to denote the paleontological collection.

Overview

The founder and director of the museum is the Argentine paleontologist Rodolfo Coria. The museum has an exhibition area, workshops for preparing fossils, and stores. Field work, often in cooperation with American museums, continues in fossil-rich Patagonia. The museum's collections include 11 holotype specimens.

Significant past exhibits include:
 "Tiniest Giants: Discovering Dinosaur Eggs": Features the sauropod eggs and embryoes from Patagonia, in cooperation with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
 "Giants of the Mesozoic": Features a mock battle between the largest terrestrial predator known, the Giganotosaurus, and the largest terrestrial animal known, the plant-eating Argentinosaurus. With the Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta, Georgia.

The museum was established in 1984 with municipal funding, and has become a significant tourist attraction in the province of Neuquén Province. The museum is located at 55 Córdoba Avenue, Plaza Huincul, Neuquén Province (postal code 8318), east of the intersection of National Route 22 and Provincial Route 17.

External links

 "Carmen Funes Museum". Inter Patagonia. (Spanish version)

Natural history museums in Argentina
Museo Carmen Funes
Museums established in 1984
Museums in Neuquén Province
Dinosaur museums in Argentina
Museo Carmen Funes

Museo Carmen Funes


Nian gao (), sometimes translated as year cake or New Year cake or Chinese New Year's cake, is a food prepared from glutinous rice flour and consumed in Chinese cuisine. It is also simply known as "rice cake". While it can be eaten all year round, traditionally it is most popular during the Chinese New Year. It is considered good luck to eat nian gao during this time of the year because nian gao () is a homonym for "higher year" or "grow every year" (), which means "a more prosperous year". The character  is literally translated as "year", and the character  (gāo) is literally translated as "cake" and is identical in sound to the character , meaning "tall" or "high". Nian gao () also is an exact homonym of "sticky cake" (), the character  (nián) meaning "sticky".

This sticky sweet snack was believed to be an offering to the Kitchen God, with the aim that his mouth will be stuck with the sticky cake, so that he cannot badmouth the human family in front of the Jade Emperor. It is also traditionally eaten during the Duanwu Festival.

Originally from China, it spread to or gave rise to related rice cakes in Southeast Asian countries and Sri Lanka due to overseas Chinese influences.

History
Making of nian gao can be traced back to the Northern and Southern dynasties (386–589 AD). The agricultural text Qimin Yaoshu, written during that time, referenced an older recipe book Shi Ci () and the glutinous rice dish, ye (): "Use glutinous rice flour, sieve with silk cloth, add water and honey, use hand to knead the dough, making two-inch squares, cut to four sticks, put date and chestnut meat on and under the sticks, grease around, cover with bamboo leaves, steam thoroughly, set aside two hours, if the leaves are still on, ripped off, set the sticks free." Ye was the earliest variant of nian gao known to have been made.

Significance and rituals
Nian gao sounds identical to 年高, meaning "higher year," implying promotions or prosperity year after year. This association makes nian gao a popular gift item during the New Year period. The traditional nian gao is round with an auspicious decoration such as the character for prosperity () on its top. The character is often written in the traditional Chinese script.

As a gift item, nian gao are fashioned into different shapes with attractive packaging to suit the festive season. Popular designs include a pair of carps () symbolizing surplus every year, ingots (), or the God of Wealth (). These designs are auspicious symbols and send good wishes for the New Year.

Production
Despite numerous varieties, they all share the same glutinous rice ingredient that is pounded or ground into a paste and, depending on the variety, may simply be molded into shape or cooked again to settle the ingredient. Nian gao has many varieties, including the types found in Cantonese cuisine, Fujian cuisine, Shanghai cuisine, and northern Chinese cuisine.

Types

Guangdong/Cantonese cuisine

The Guangdong variety is sweetened, usually with brown sugar. It is distinct with a dark yellow color. The paste is poured into a cake pan and steamed once more to settle the mixture. The batter is steamed until it solidifies and served in thick slices. It may be eaten as is. The nian gao becomes stretchy and extremely sticky. It can also be served as a pudding flavored with rosewater or red bean paste.

The next stage is optional, as it can be sliced and be pan-fried afterwards, often with egg, to make fried nian gao (). When fried, it is slightly crispy on the outside, and remains pasty on the inside. During the Chinese New Year, it is cut into square pieces and served along with similar cake dim sum dishes, like water chestnut cakes and taro cakes. People also send pieces of nian gao to their friends and relatives as wishes for prosperity and good fortune.

Fujian/Hokkien cuisine
In the Southern region of Fujian, nian gao, natural amber, is mainly used for the New Year ritual and gifts. It is made of glutinous rice and taro, which are then usually sliced and cooked before eating. It can also be wrapped in egg or cornstarch (corn flour) or sweet potato to fry.

Jiangnan and Shanghainese cuisine

Nian gao is white along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (the Jiangnan region), and it is a mild food. It is made by mixing rice with glutinous rice; the ratio between the two can be adjusted according to personal preferences. The softer version has an increased proportion of glutinous rice. Cooking methods include steaming, frying, sliced frying, or in soup. Ningbo nian gao is the most famous, and common practices include pickled pork soup nian gao and shepherd's purse fried nian gao. Shanghai's ribs nian gao are also distinctive.  The Shanghai Niangao style is usually packaged in a thick, soft rod to be sliced up or packaged sliced and either stir-fried or added to soup. Depending on the cooking method, this style is a soft to a chewy variant.  The Shanghai style keeps the nian gao white, and is made with nonglutinous rice.  The color is its distinct feature. When served as a dish, the most common is the stir-fry method, hence the name (炒年糕, chǎo nián gāo).  Three general types exist.  The first is a savory dish; common ingredients include scallions, beef, pork, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, etc. The second is a sweet version using standard white sugar.  The last version is almost tasteless, and is often consumed for its chewy textures.

Northern cuisine
Northern nian gao can be steamed or fried, and is mainly sweet in taste. The Beijing versions include jujube and either glutinous rice or yellow rice, mince nian gao, and white nian gao. The Shanxi  makes nian gao using fried yellow rice and red bean paste or jujube paste for filling. Hebei uses jujube, small red beans, and green beans to make steamed nian gao. In Shandong, it is made of red dates and yellow rice. The Northeast type is made of beans on sticky sorghum.

Similar food in Asia

Burmese cuisine
It is commonly called tikay () in Burma, from Hokkien tike (). Introduced by the Sino-Burmese, it is commonly eaten during the Lunar New Year.

Cambodian cuisine
Buddha cake, or nom preahpout, (នំព្រះពុទ្ធ) is a Cambodian counterpart consumed during Khmer New Year.

Indonesian cuisine
In Indonesia, it is known as kue keranjang or dodol Tionghoa or dodol Cina, the latter both meaning "Chinese dodol", a similar Indonesian rice flour confection.

Kue keranjang was originally named as nien kao or ni-kwee or yearly cake or seasonal cake, because they are only made once a year. In East Java, this cake was named kue keranjang because the wrapper is made from a bamboo basket with a little hole in the middle. In West Java, it was named China cake, as the origin of the cake from China, but some call it China Cake because the producers are Chinese (known as Tionghoa).

Japanese cuisine
In Japan, mochi is a similar glutinous rice cake eaten primarily for the Japanese New Year.

Korean cuisine
In Korea, tteokguk, a soup dish that uses the garae-tteok similar to the Shanghai variety of nián gāo, is traditionally eaten during the Korean New Year.

Peranakan cuisine
Peranakan Chinese offer steamed sticky cakes called kueh bakul (粘糕; nian gao) to the Kitchen God, Zao Jun (also known as Zao Shen and Zao Wang) as offerings.

Philippine cuisine
In the Philippines, the food is called tikoy, originating from the Hokkien word 甜粿. It is popular during the Lunar or Chinese New Year and was culturally assimilated within the population's own cooking techniques through trade networks between the Philippines and Hokkien-speaking regions such as Fujian and Taiwan. It is sweetened with brown sugar, giving it a dark yellow to light brown colour, but it is also often prepared with different flavours, such as ube (purple yam), giving it a purple colour, or pandan, giving it a green colour. Tikoy may be eaten as is, but can also be dipped in beaten egg and lightly pan fried until crispy, but still chewy inside. Also a version of tikoy is made in southern Quezon province. Unlike others, this variant is sweet and is similar to Japanese mochi. Tikoy can also be consumed as an ingredient in the Filipino dessert called turon or be eaten with ice cream and chocolate or covered with grated coconut flesh and peanuts.

Sri Lankan cuisine
In Sri Lanka, seenakku () has a Malay origin and derives from Chinese influence. Seenakku is a popular sweet among the country's Sinhalese and Malay communities and is served with grated coconut. Seenakku is called cheena kueh by the Sri Lankan Malay community, with its name reflecting its Chinese origin.

Vietnamese cuisine
Bánh tổ is a Vietnamese counterpart to the Chinese nian gao. It is a speciality of Quảng Nam province and also consumed by the ethnic Chinese community.

Influence outside Asia

Mauritian cuisine
In Mauritius, the nian gao is commonly called gâteau la cire (literally translated as 'wax cake'); however, it can be written in diverse ways such as gato la cire, gato lasir, or gato lacire, etc. It is a traditional cake of the Sino-Mauritian community. Traditionally, it is made with rice flour, sweetened with sugar, sometimes honey, and has orange zest as the key ingredient. The classic colour of the nian gao in Mauritius has traditionally been brown; however, new colours along with new flavours, such as white (which is coconut-milk based), green (which is pandan-based), red, and yellow, has recently been introduced on the island in 2018. In Mauritius, the nian gao is a cake which symbolized sharing; it is customary for Sino-Mauritians to share and distribute nian gao to celebrate Chinese New Year to their families and friends; and thus, nian gao is consumed by locals regardless of their ethnicity. Some nian gao found on the island is imported while others are traditionally made by the local ethnic Chinese community. The traditional way of making nian gao is still transmitted from generations to generations in some families.

American Cuisine
Chinese Americans eat cooked or fried nian gao on Chinese New Year's Eve and on New Year's Eve. In Hawai'i, nian gao is known as gau and is a popular food consumed during the Chinese New Year.

See also

 List of steamed foods
 Rice cake
 Bánh
 Garae-tteok

References

External links

Moral & Rituals
History of Nian Gao

Chinese desserts
Glutinous rice dishes
Snack foods
Cantonese cuisine
Shanghai cuisine
Mauritian cuisine
Thai desserts and snacks
Dim sum
Chinese New Year foods
Chinese rice dishes
Steamed foods
Sri Lankan desserts and sweets
Hawaiian desserts
Rice cakes

Nian gao