A/ROSE (the Apple Real-time Operating System Environment) is a small embedded operating system that runs on Apple Computer's "Macintosh Coprocessor Platform", an expansion card for the Apple Macintosh.

The idea was to offer a single "overdesigned" hardware platform on which third party vendors could build practically any product, reducing the otherwise heavy workload of developing a NuBus-based expansion card. However, the MCP cards were fairly expensive, limiting the appeal of the concept. A/ROSE saw very little use, apparently limited solely to Apple's own networking cards for serial I/O, Ethernet, Token Ring and Twinax.  GreenSpring Computers developed the RM1260, which is an IndustryPack (IP) carrier card with a 68000 CPU running A/ROSE and is intended for the data acquisition market.

History

A/ROSE and the MCP originally came about in August 1987 during the development of the Macintosh II. While working on various networking products for the new system, the developers realized that the existing classic Mac OS would make any "serious" card difficult to create, due to large latencies and the difficulty of writing complex device drivers. Their solution was to make an "intelligent" NuBus card that was essentially an entire computer on a card, containing its own Motorola 68000 processor, working space in RAM mirrored in the main system, and its own basic operating system. The first version of the system was ready for use in February 1988.

A/ROSE was internally called MR-DOS (Multitasking Realtime Distributed Operating System), but Microsoft (developer of MS-DOS) did not appreciate the name and put pressure on Apple to change its name.  Eric M. Trehus, a QA engineer on the Token Ring card that ran A/ROSE reportedly said "A/ROSE by any other name is still MR-DOS."

A/ROSE is infamous for its esoteric purpose, which is generally not understood by Mac end users, as well as for causing many Mac emulators, such as Basilisk II, to produce a system error at boot time.

Overview
A/ROSE itself is very small, the kernel using only 6 KB, and the operating system as a whole about 28 KB. A/ROSE supports pre-emptive multitasking with round-robin task scheduling with a 110 microsecond context switch time and only 20 microseconds of latency (guaranteed interrupt response time). The system's task is primarily to move data around and start and stop tasks on the cards, and the entire API contains only ten calls.

A/ROSE is a message passing system, and the main calls made by programs running under it are Send() and Receive(). Messages are short, including only 24 bytes of user data, and sent asynchronously. To find the appropriate endpoint, A/ROSE includes a name server that allows the applications to bind their names to their task IDs, allowing them to move in the system and be found dynamically. The OS also supported a number of routines for finding, starting and stopping tasks on other cards, one of those "cards" being the host computer.

To coordinate communications and provide a mechanism for talking with the host's CPU, a cut-down copy of A/ROSE also ran inside the Mac OS in the form of a system extension, or "INIT", known as "Prep" (which should not be confused with the later PReP hardware standard). Device drivers for A/ROSE cards were also written as INITs and started up automatically. After starting, they find the Prep stub and use the normal A/ROSE communications channel it provides to communicate with the cards.

For instance, the Apple TokenTalk NB card installs its driver as an INIT, and optionally installs the Prep stub, assuming it had not been installed before. On startup the driver finds the Prep stub and asks it to enumerate the TokenTalk cards installed in the machine, and optionally uploads code or settings to them. From that point on, Prep handles the communications with the card, handing off the results to the TokenTalk driver.

References

External links
Inside the Macintosh Coprocessor Platform and A/ROSE

Embedded operating systems
Apple Inc. software
Apple Inc. operating systems
1988 software

A/ROSE


The Bashi Channel is a waterway between Taiwan and the Philippines. It is part of the Luzon Strait in the Pacific Ocean. It lies between Y'Ami Island of the Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan. The Philippines call Orchrid Island Botel Tobago. Many undersea cables use this channel. It is also important for military operations. Both Taiwan and the Philippines say the channel belongs to them.

Geography of Taiwan
Geography of the Philippines

Bashi Channel


Brother Bear is a 2003 traditionally-animated musical fantasy comedy-drama movie produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures on November 21, 2003. It is about a human named Kenai who turns into a bear and discovers brotherhood. The 43rd animated feature in the Disney animated features canon, it was originally titled Bears, and was the third and final Disney animated movie produced mainly by the Feature Animation studio at Disney-MGM Studios in Orlando, Florida, that studio was shut down in March 2004, not long after the release of this movie in favor of computer animated features. The movie received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Feature, but lost to Finding Nemo. A sequel, Brother Bear 2, was released on August 29, 2006.

Story
In post-Ice Age North America, the local Native Americans believe in the Great Spirits, who create life and are said to appear in the form of an aurora. Three brothers, Kenai (Joaquin Phoenix), the youngest, Denahi (Jason Raize), the middle, and Sitka (D.B. Sweeney), the elder, return to the tribe to receive totems, necklaces that take the shape of animals, with each animal being representative of something the brothers must achieve to prove themselves as men. Unlike Sitka, who receives the eagle of guidance, and Denahi, the wolf of wisdom, Kenai receives the bear of love, to which he objects, believing them to be thieves; he makes his point a fact when a grizzly bear steals their basket of fish. Kenai and his brothers pursue the bear; when the fight culminates on top of a glacier, Sitka sacrifices himself to save his brothers, by dislodging the glacier, but the bear survives. Following Sitka's funeral,
Kenai takes it upon himself to slay the bear, blaming it for his brother's death. After fighting and slaying the animal, Sitka's spirit appears in the form of a bald eagle, and the Spirits transform Kenai into a bear. Denahi arrives and, thinking that the bear also killed Kenai, vows to avenge his brother by killing it.

Kenai falls down some rapids and is healed by Tanana (Joan Copeland), the tribal shaman; while she does not speak the bears' language, but advises him to travel to the mountain where Sitka's spirit will turn him back into a human, but only if he atones for his crime; vanishing without explanation. Kenai discovers he can now communicate with animals, meeting two moose called Rutt (Rick Moranis) and Tuke (Dave Thomas). He ends up getting caught in a hunter's trap, but is freed by Koda (Jeremy Suarez), a sassy bear cub. The two strike a deal; in exchange for leading Koda to an annual salmon run, he will take Kenai to the mountain. The two form a brother-like relationship, and Koda reveals his mother is missing. The two are pursued by Denahi, who is out to avenge Kenai; unbeknownst to him, his brother is the bear he is hunting. Upon reaching the salmon run, where several bears congregate, including the leader Tug (Michael Clarke Duncan. Kenai accepts his new surroundings and is comfortable living amongst the bears. During a discussion, Koda tells a story about his mother getting involved in a fight with human hunters; this reminds Kenai of his brothers' fight with the bear, and he realizes, to his horror, that he killed Koda's mother.

Horrified by his actions, Kenai runs away in guilt, but Koda follows him. Upset, he confesses to Koda that he killed his mother, and the bear cub runs off in grief; an apologetic Kenai then travels to the mountain on his own. Meanwhile. Rutt and Tuke have a fight, but reconcile with each other in front of Koda, prompting him to forgive Kenai. On the mountain, Kenai is attacked by Denahi, but Koda steals his spear. Out of love for the bear cub, Kenai sacrifices himself, and Sitka's spirit transforms him back into a human, much to the surprise of Koda and Denahi. Upon realizing that the cub needs him due to his own mistakes, Kenai asks to be transformed back into a bear, with Denahi's support. Sitka complies, and transforms his brother back to his bear form, and Koda is briefly reunited with his mother's spirit, before she and Sitka depart to the spirit realm. In the end, Kenai lives with the other bears, and gains his title as a man through living as a bear.

Reception
The reaction from movie reviewers was mixed to negative with many panning the movie as coping older Disney movies like The Lion King and the 20th Century Fox movie Ice Age (although Brother Bear began production before Ice Age did), while others defended the movie as a different and resonable variation of the theme. The popular American movie critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper have given positive reviews of the movie. however so far, Brother Bear holds a rating of 38% in Rotten Tomatoes, which says that "Brother Bear is gentle and pleasant if unremarkable Disney fare, with so-so animation and generic plotting".

Voice cast
 Joaquin Phoenix as Kenai, the youngest of three brothers who gets turned into a bear, to teach him to see through their eyes
 Jeremy Suarez as Koda, a wisecracking grizzly bear cub, who helps Kenai on his journey to where the Lights Touch the Earth
 Rick Moranis as Rutt, a comic Canadian moose
 Dave Thomas as Tuke, another comic Canadian moose
 Jason Raize as Denahi, the middle brother
 D.B. Sweeney as Sitka, the oldest brother
 Joan Copeland as Tanana, the shaman-woman of Kenai's tribe
 Michael Clarke Duncan as Tug, a wise old cave bear
 Estelle Harris as Mabel, old lady bear
 Darko Cesar as foreign bear
 Frank Welker as Animals' vocal effects (uncredited)
Additional Voices Charlie Adler, Lori Alan, Carlos Alazraqui, Pamela Adlon, Matt Adler, Steve Alterman, Stephen Apostolina, Jack Blessing, Jack Angel, Dee Bradley Baker, Michael Bell, Bob Bergen, Gregg Berger, Lara Cody, Rodger Bumpass,Catherine Cavadini, Julianne Buescher, Nancy Cartwright, Paul Briggs, Kimberly Brooks, Doc Kane, Corey Burton, Stephen J. Anderson, Cam Clarke, Robert Cotworthy, Michael Corbett, David Cowgill, Randy Crenshew, Jim Cummings, E.G. Daily, John Cygan, Jennifer Darling, Debi Derryberry, Jonathan Dokuchitz, Dan Gilvezan, Patti Deutsch, Paul Eiding, Bill Farmer, Byron Howard, John DeMita, Chad Einbinder, Patrick Fraley, Sandy Fox, Jeff Fischer, Eddie Frierson, Earl Ghaffari, Michael Gough, Don Fullilove, Lex Lang, Hope Levy, Neil Kaplan, Tom Kane, David Kaye, Carole Jeghers, Rosanna Huffman, Daamen J. Krall, Marsha Kramer, Tim Mertens, David McCharen, Barbara Goodson, Mona Marshall, Anne Lockhart, David Michie, Lara Jill Miller, Michael Lindsay, Sherry Lynn, Mickie McGowan, Jim Meskimen, Rob Paulsen, Bobbi Page, Paul Pape, Patrick Pinney, Phil Proctor, Peter Renaday, Tony Oliver, Michelle Ruff, Don Hall, Susie Stevens-Logan, Brian Pimental, Andre Sogliuzzo, Justin Shenkarow, Terrence Stone, Skip Stellrecht, Steve Susskind, Paula Tiso, Marcelo Tubert, Kari Wahlgren, Russi Taylor, Wally Wingert, Frank Welker, Brian Tochi, David Zyler, Jim Ward, Billy West, Ezra Weisz, & Dave Wittenberg.

Crew

Songs

Score by Mark Mancina/Phil Collins

Deleted songs
 "The Fishing Song" - This was intended for the salmon run sequence, but was replaced by "Welcome".
 "This Can't Be My Destiny" This was song by Phil Collins. But unfortunately it never made it to the movie. The song was however mention in the special feature by Phil Collins. This song was never released.

Sequel

Brother Bear 2 was released August 29, 2006.

References

Other websites

 Official site

 Brother Bear at the Big Cartoon DataBase(BCDb)

2003 movies
2003 animated movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Movies about bears
Movies about brothers
Movies set in prehistory

Brother Bear


Jamaica Pond is a kettle lake, part of the Emerald Necklace of parks in Boston designed by Frederick Law Olmsted.  The pond and park are  in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, close to the  border of Brookline.  It is the source of the Muddy River, which drains into the lower Charles River.USGS 2005

The pond has an area of about , and is  deep at its center (MassWildlife map), making it the largest body of fresh water in Boston, and the largest natural freshwater body in the lower Charles River watershed.  It is ringed by a  walking path, and is an extremely popular destination for Bostonians for walking, fishing, rowing, and sailing.  Around Halloween each year, the pond serves as the site for The Lantern Parade. Participants dress in their Halloween costumes and walk around the pond.

The pond once served as a reservoir for the City of Boston and the Town of West Roxbury, and it supplied ice in the winter to Boston and beyond.

According to the USGS, the name Jamaica derives from an Indian name meaning "abundance of beavers".

The pond's setting, Jamaica Park, was included in the Olmsted Park landscape complex that was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1971.

History
The Jamaica Plain Ice Company employed 350 men in 1874, and harvested as much 5,000 tons of ice a day from Jamaica Pond.

The pond was once the site of a popular annual winter skating carnival. In 1929, this carnival was cancelled by Mayor Curley when cracks appeared on the ice, and 50,000 skaters had to be evacuated. In recent years, ice skating is no longer permitted on the pond.

Overlooking Jamaica Pond until its 2007 demolition was Pinebank Mansion, the summer home of Edward Newton Perkins.

Gallery

References
Water resources and the urban environment, lower Charles River Watershed;

External links

MassWildlife map and information
Boston Parks & Recreation Department
Emerald Necklace Conservancy
Friends of Jamaica Pond
Sam Blackman: The Jamaica Pond Project
Boating on Jamaica Pond by Courageous Sailing
Jamaica Pond Lantern Parade by Spontaneous Celebrations

Jamaica Plain, Boston
Parks in Boston
Emerald Necklace
Ice trade

Jamaica Pond


Video editing is the act of changing video by arranging or changing the order, or content of the video. It is used to show information in things like video essays, movies, television and adverts (commercials). Video editing has been used more in recent years because more people are able to use it than ever, since the wide spread use of personal computers.

Video editing at home
The idea of editing videos at home was not practical at first, because of the price of video editing equipment. In fact, the original 2" Quadruplex System was so expensive, television companies usually only had one of them.

Ever since the year 1999 with the release of Windows ME, and the more successful Windows XP, almost every single home computer has had the capability to edit video. There are also more expensive products for this process, such as the ones created by Adobe, and Sony's Sony Vegas. There has also been an attempt by many companies, to try and make video editing, Automation, Google for instance with Google Photos, their photo storage service.

Types of editing
Nowadays, video editing has many different aspects. Originally, it was only about cutting and resequencing. It has now exploded into many different processes, such as special effects. These types of editing have different jobs attached to them.

 Linear video editing, using video tape and is edited in a very linear way. Several video clips from different tapes are recorded to one single tape in the order that they will appear.
 Non-linear editing system (NLE), This is edited on computers with specialised software. These are non destructive to the video being edited and use programs such as Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro and Avid.
 Offline editing is the process in which raw footage is copied from an original source, without affecting the original physical piece of media. Once the editing has been completed, the original media is then re-assembled in the online editing stage.
 Online editing is the process of reassembling the edit to full resolution video after an offline edit has been performed and is done in the final stage of making a video. It is sometimes called Post Production.
 Vision mixing, when working within live television and video production environments. A vision mixer is used to cut live feed coming from several cameras in real time.

This bullet-pointed section has been taken from the original Wikipedia article, with minor edits.

Open source video editing
Open source video editing, is exactly what it says on the tin. This software is usually free and is developed by members of the public, or a nonprofit organisation.

Best Linux-based open-source video editing software
Linux has a variety of amazing open-source applications including video-editing applications which are used to create cute cat videos on Youtube to amazing videos to broadcast.

References

Technology

Video editing


The Treasure of Far Island is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in New England Magazine in October 1902.

Plot summary
Douglass Burnham returns home in Empire City, Nebraska, after a fifteen-year hiatus. He is picked up from the train station by his father and his old friend Rhinehold. At home, his mother is cooking dinner. The next day, they go to a party with other locals, and he meets his old friend Margie; they talk about the old days. She admits she heard of one of his plays when she was in New York City once, and even walked past him on the streets but didn't say hello as he seemed busy. He begs her to go back to Far Island, a sandbar where they used to play as children. Despite her dislike of mosquitoes, they venture out and dig out an old 'treasure' they had buried in childhood. They reflect on the fantasy games they used to play, feeling that it is still real.

Characters
Douglass Burnham, a playwright. He is from Empire City, Nebraska, and has been living in New York City for fifteen years. He has also been to Italy, particularly the Maremma.
Mr Burnham, Douglass's father.
Mrs Burnham, Douglass's mother.
Rhinehold Birker, a childhood friend of Douglass and Margie's. He has always lived in Empire City, aside from his going to Arizona for treatment.
Mrs Governor
Margie Van Dyck, a childhood friend of Douglass's.
Edith Grew, a woman who likes to announcing her engagements to men every so often.
Temp, a childhood friend of Douglass and Margie's. He now lives in the Philippines.
Bake, a childhood friend of Douglass and Margie's. He now has a cattle ranch in Wyoming.
Mac, a childhood friend of Douglass and Margie's. He is now a government clerk in Washington, D.C.
Jim, a childhood friend of Douglass and Margie's. He is now keeps his father's hardware store.
Ned and Shorty, childhood friends of Douglass and Margie's. They died on a catboat on the Hudson River.
Pagie

Allusions to other works
The story starts with a quotation from a poem by Robert Louis Stevenson, whose novel Treasure Island led to the story's title.
Greek mythology is mentioned throughout the story, with especial allusions to Anchises and Apollo, Helen of Troy, Arcadia, Ida, Thracia, Orpheus.
The Bible is mentioned, namely with Eden.
Children's literature is mentioned with Alice in Wonderland.
More literature is mentioned with John Keats's May Day Ode, and William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, with the Montagues and the Capulets, and The Tempest, with Miranda.
The discovery of the Venus de Milo is alluded to.
Sinbad the Sailor is also mentioned.

Allusions to actual history
Mary Tudor is said to have been fond of Calais.

Literary significance and criticism
It has been suggested that the island in the story was a place on the Republican River where the Cather children liked to play. It is also mentioned in Chapter VII of The Hired Girls, in My Ántonia.

References

External links
Full Text at the Willa Cather Archive

1902 short stories
Short stories by Willa Cather
Works originally published in The New England Magazine

The Treasure of Far Island


Joe Anderson (born 1982) is an English actor.

He attended Richmond upon Thames College and later the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Both his parents work in the movie industry.  Anderson  has acted professionally since childhood. His skills include photography, guitar and gymnastics.

Anderson has worked in movie, television and on the stage at the Chichester Festival Theatre. He appeared in Copying Beethoven, playing Ludwig van Beethoven's nephew. He also appeared  in Across the Universe as Max, an American teenager drafted into the Vietnam War. Anderson is also starring as Joy Division bass player Peter Hook in Anton Corbijn's 2007 movie Control.

Filmography

 The Crazies (2010)
 Rogues Gallery (2009)
 Amelia (2009)
 Brand New Day (2009)
 High Life (2009)
 The 27 Club (2008)
 The Ruins (2008)
 Across the Universe (2007)
 Control (2007)
 Becoming Jane (2007)
 Little Box Of Sweets (2006)
 Copying Beethoven (2006)
 Silence Becomes You (2005)
 Afterlife (2005), 1 episode
 Midsomer Murders (2005), 1 episode
 Creep (2004)

Other websites

Agency CV
Joe Anderson Online

1982 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors

Joe Anderson


Kepler-13 Ab es un planeta extrasolar descubierto en 2011 por la misión Kepler de la NASA en torno a una estrella en un sistema estelar múltiple. Se trata de un gigante gaseoso caliente que orbita a su estrella madre en menos de dos días.

Nighttime Titanium Oxide Snow Leaves Dayside Cloud-Free and Cooler

Travelers to the nightside of exoplanet Kepler-13Ab should pack an umbrella because they will be pelted with precipitation. But it's not the kind of watery precipitation that falls on Earth. On this alien world, the precipitation is in the form of sunscreen.

Ironically, the sunscreen (titanium oxide) is not needed on this side of the planet because it never receives any sunlight. But bottling up some sunlight protection is a good idea if travelers plan on visiting the sizzling hot, permanent dayside, which always faces its star. Visitors won't find any desperately needed sunscreen on this part of the planet.

Astronomers didn't detect the titanium oxide directly. They used Hubble to find that the atmospheric temperature grows increasingly colder with altitude on Kepler-13Ab, which was contrary to what they had expected. If titanium oxide were in the daytime atmosphere, it would absorb light and heat the upper atmosphere. Instead, high winds carry the titanium oxide around to the permanently dark side of the planet where it condenses to form clouds and precipitation. The planet's crushing gravity pulls all the titanium oxide so far down it can't be recycled back into the upper atmosphere on the daytime side.

The Hubble observations represent the first time astronomers have detected this precipitation process, called a "cold trap," on an exoplanet.

Kepler-13Ab is one of the hottest known planets, with a dayside temperature of nearly 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2 760 °Celsius). The Kepler-13 system resides 1,730 light-years from Earth.

Referencias

Planetas extrasolares descubiertos en 2011
Planetas extrasolares
Jupíteres calientes
Constelación de Draco
Planetas extrasolares en tránsito
Planetas extrasolares descubiertos por Kepler

Kepler-13 Ab


Robert James Matthews (12 September 1926 – 30 August 2009) was a Latter-day Saint religious educator and scholar, teaching in the departments of Ancient Scripture and Religious Education at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah.

Beginning with personal contacts early in his career, Matthews was instrumental in conciliating relations between religious scholars affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now called the Community of Christ), which had separated in a schism in the 1840s. The two religious communities and their scholars had long been at odds over access to and interpretation of important early texts of the Latter Day Saint movement. Matthews was particularly influential when in 1969 and 1970, scholars affiliated with the RLDS were invited to meetings of the Mormon History Association. The new scholars were welcomed, and some were chosen as officers in the organization in later years. Matthews is also noted for his promotion of the concept that the currently-available text of the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible is reliable and authentic.

Biography
Matthews was born in Evanston, Wyoming., the youngest child of immigrant parents, who independently joined the LDS Church in England and moved to the United States. He earned a bachelor's degree in Political Science, a master's degree in Geography, and a PhD in Ancient Scriptures, all from BYU.  His doctoral dissertation was A Plainer Translation: Joseph Smith's Translation of the Bible – A History and Commentary.

Matthews and his wife, Shirley Neves, were the parents of four children: Camille, Daniel, Robert, and Tricia.

Matthews died in Provo, Utah, after an extended hospitalization for complications following open heart surgery.

Teaching and scholarship
Matthews began teaching in the Church Educational System (CES), as a seminary teacher in Soda Springs, Idaho, in 1955. He also taught institute classes in Southern California at the University of California, Los Angeles, under the direction of Paul H. Dunn, and was a course writer and editor with the seminaries and institutes division of CES.

In 1968, Matthews received a PhD in Ancient Scriptures from BYU. He began teaching in the Division of Religious Education at BYU in 1971. He served as dean of Religion Education at BYU for eight and a half years and then was a professor and department chair of the Ancient Scripture Department until his retirement, in 1992.

Matthews has the distinction of being the first person from the LDS Church to be allowed by the Community of Christ to work with the original manuscript of the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible, which was in its possession. He was a principal collaborator involved in compiling the Encyclopedia of Mormonism and authored articles on the Book of Moses and the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible.

LDS Church service
From 1946 to 1948, Matthews was a Mormon missionary in California. His mission president was Oscar W. McConkie, father of Bruce R. McConkie.

In the 1970s, Matthews served on the Church Adult Correlation Committee. Earlier, he had served as a bishop, high councilor and stake president. In the mid-1990s, Matthews was the first president of the Mount Timpanogos Utah Temple. At the time of his death, he was serving as a stake patriarch.

Matthews was the chief editor of the LDS Church's 1979 Bible Dictionary, which is printed together with the church's English edition of the King James Bible.

Publications
"A Plainer Translation": Joseph Smith's Translation of the Bible, a History and commentary (Brigham Young University Press: Provo, Utah, 1975). , OCLC 1230845
A Burning Light: The Life and Ministry of John the Baptist (Brigham Young University Press: Provo, Utah, 1972). , OCLC 481178
Selected Writings of Robert J. Matthews (Deseret Book: Salt Lake City, 1999). , OCLC 42290385
"Historicity and the Children of God" in Paul Y. Hoskisson, ed., Historicity and the Latter-day Saints Scriptures (Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University: Provo, Utah, 2001). , OCLC 48749213
Joseph Smith's Revision of the Bible: Notes, History, and Comparisons. Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 1969.
Who's Who in the Book of Mormon. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1976.
"A Bible! A Bible!" Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1990.
Behold the Messiah: New Testament Insights from Latter-day Revelation. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1994.
'Unto All Nations: A Guide to the Book of Acts and the Writings of Paul. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1975.
'There's No Substitute for Being There: Educational and Spiritual Benefits of Travel. Provo: BYU Religious Education and BYU Alumni Association, 1982.
'The Hope for Immortality: A Desire for the Ages. Provo: Division of Continuing Education, Brigham Young University, 1990. Reprinted in Selected Writings of Robert J. Matthews, 488–504.
'Toward a Greater Portrayal of the Master. Provo: Division of Continuing Education, Brigham Young University, 1995.
'The Role of the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible in the Restoration of Doctrine. Provo: Foundation for Ancient Research and Ancient Mormon Studies, 1997.
'How the LDS Edition of the King James Bible Came to Be. Provo: Crandall Historical Printing Museum, 2005.

Notes

References
Dust Jacket of "A Plainer Translation.
Deseret News article at http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695206730,00.html
In My Life: Robert J. Matthews at http://famouspeopleihaveknown.blogspot.com/2008/07/robert-j-matthews.html
Noted LDS Scholar, Educator Robert J. Matthews Dies at 82 at http://open.salon.com/blog/kathy_riordan/2009/08/31/noted_lds_scholar_educator_robert_j_matthews_dies_at_82
Publications of Robert J. Matthews at https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/witness-restoration/writings-robert-j-matthews-1960-2006

1926 births
2009 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Church Educational System instructors
Patriarchs (LDS Church)
People from Evanston, Wyoming
Temple presidents and matrons (LDS Church)

Robert J. Matthews


Valle Crucis Abbey (Valley of the Cross) is a Cistercian abbey located in Llantysilio in Denbighshire, Wales. More formally the Abbey Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Valle Crucis it is known in Welsh both as Abaty Glyn Egwestl and Abaty Glyn y Groes.
The abbey was built in 1201 by Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor, Prince of Powys Fadog. Valle Crucis was dissolved in 1537 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and subsequently fell into serious disrepair. The building is now a ruin, though large parts of the original structure still survive. Valle Crucis Abbey is now under the care of Cadw. The abbey received 5,690 visitors in 2018.

History
Valle Crucis Abbey was founded in 1201 by Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor, and was the last Cistercian monastery to be built in Wales. Founded in the principality of Powys Fadog, in the ancient commote of Iâl (Yale), Valle Crucis was the spiritual centre of the region, while Dinas Bran was the political stronghold. The abbey took its name from the nearby Pillar of Eliseg, which was erected four centuries earlier by Cyngen ap Cadell, King of Powys in memory of his great-grandfather, Elisedd ap Gwylog.

Madog was buried in the then-completed abbey upon his death in 1236. Not long after Madog's death, it is believed that a serious fire badly damaged the abbey, with archaeological evidence that the church and south range were affected.

The location on which Valle Crucis was raised was originally established as a colony of twelve monks from Strata Marcella, an earlier abbey located on the western bank of the River Severn near Welshpool. A temporary wooden structure was replaced with stone structures of roughly faced rubble. The completed abbey is believed to have housed up to about sixty brethren, 20 choir monks and 40 lay-members who would have carried out the day-to-day duties including agricultural work. The numbers within the church fluctuated throughout its history and the monks and the abbey itself came under threat from various political and religious events. The abbey is believed to have been involved in the Welsh Wars of Edward I of England during the 13th century, and was supposedly damaged in the uprising led by Owain Glyndŵr. Numbers also fell after the Black Death ravaged Britain.

The fortunes of Valle Crucis improved during the 15th century, and the abbey gained a reputation as a place of hospitality. Several important Welsh poets of the period spent time at the abbey including Gutun Owain, Tudur Aled and Guto'r Glyn. Guto'r Glyn spent the last few years of his life at the abbey, and was buried at the site in 1493.

In 1537, Valle Crucis was dissolved, as it was deemed not prosperous compared to the more wealthy English abbeys. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the site fell into disrepair, and the building was given to Sir William Puckering or Pickering on a 21-year lease by Henry VIII. The lease was renewed under the reign of Henry's son Edward VI in 1551, but after Sir William's death in 1574, the property was passed to his daughter, Hestor. In 1575 Hestor married Edward Wotton, 1st Baron Wotton, and the lease was extended to Baron Wotton in 1583 by Elizabeth I. By the late 16th century the eastern range was converted into a manor house. Valle Crucis remained with the Wotton family, and was inherited by the 2nd Baron Wotton, but upon his death it was passed to Hestor Wotton, his third daughter. Hestor married Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden and the abbey entered the family's ownership, before being sold shortly afterwards when the estate was sequestered by Parliament in 1651. By the late 18th century the building that remained were re-roofed and the site was used as a farm, before excavations were undertaken in the later half of the 19th century. The site is now cared for by Cadw, and is an open visitor attraction. It is surrounded by a caravan park, which occupies fields on three sides and extends up to the outer walls of the ruin.

Architectural layout

Valle Crucis Abbey consisted of the church plus several adjoining out buildings which enclosed a square courtyard. The church itself ran West to East in the traditional cruciform style. Today much of the original church is ruined, though the west end front wall survives, including the masonry of the rose window, and much of the east end.  In the 14th century the church was effectively divided by a pulpitum across the nave.  The lay brothers worshipped before an altar in front of the pulpitum, and the choir monks before the high altar or side chapels.

The outbuildings including the adjoining east range, which survives mainly intact and the west range, which housed the lay brethren's frater, but is now demolished. Completing the four sides of the inner courtyard was the southern frater and kitchen, which faced the church; these two building are also now ruins, with only foundation stones remaining. The east and west ranges housed the cloisters, with the east range also leading to the final structure, the abbot's lodgings which settled between the range and the church but outside the courtyard. The site is also home to the only remaining monastic fishpond in Wales, but suffered from being remodelled as a reflecting pool in the 18th century.

As well as the west end front wall, extensive parts of the east end of the structures survive to the present day. The chancel walls, the southern part of the transept, the east range of the cloister together with the chapter house and sacristy and the lower part of the reredorter all survive mainly intact. In 1870 the west end wall was restored by George Gilbert Scott.  Rather unusually for a monastic ruin, parts of the first floor can be accessed, including the dormitory and abbot's lodgings.

Many pieces have been removed by the local museum, and the font from the church was placed in the gardens of Plas Newydd, Llangollen by the Ladies of Llangollen in the late 18th century.

Gallery

See also
List of abbeys and priories in Wales
List of Cadw properties

Notes

References

 David H. Williams, The Welsh Cistercians (Gracewing, 2001).

External links

 Valle Crucis Abbey Visitor website Cadw

Religious buildings and structures completed in 1201
Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
Religious organizations established in the 1200s
Cadw
Cistercian monasteries in Wales
History of Denbighshire
Ruins in Wales
Landmarks in Wales
Medieval Wales
Grade I listed buildings in Denbighshire
Tourist attractions in Denbighshire
Ruined abbeys and monasteries
Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation
Registered historic parks and gardens in Denbighshire

Valle Crucis Abbey


In common law jurisdictions, an acquittal means that the prosecution has failed to prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the charge presented. It certifies that the accused is free from the charge of an offense, as far as criminal law is concerned. The finality of an acquittal is dependent on the jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, an acquittal prohibits the retrial of the accused for the same offense, even if new evidence surfaces that further implicates the accused. The effect of an acquittal on criminal proceedings is the same whether it results from a jury verdict or results from the operation of some other rule that discharges the accused. In other countries, like Australia and the UK, the prosecuting authority may appeal an acquittal similar to how a defendant may appeal a conviction — but usually only if new and compelling evidence comes to light or the accused has interfered with or intimidated a juror or witness.

Scotland

Scots law has two acquittal verdicts: not guilty and not proven. However, a verdict of "not proven" does not give rise to the double jeopardy rule.

England and Wales

In England and Wales, which share a common legal system, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 creates an exception to the double jeopardy rule, by providing that retrials may be ordered if "new and compelling evidence" comes to light after an acquittal for a serious crime. Also, the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 permits a "tainted acquittal" to be set aside in circumstances where it is proved beyond reasonable doubt that an acquittal has been obtained by violence or threats of violence to a witness or juror/s.

In modern England and Wales, and in all countries that substantially follow English criminal procedure, an acquittal normally results in the immediate liberation of the defendant from custody, assuming no other charges against the defendant remain to be tried. However, until 1774, a defendant acquitted by an English or Welsh court would be remanded to jail until he had paid the jailer for the costs of his confinement. It was known for acquitted persons to die in jail for lack of jailer's fees.

United States

With one exception, the prosecution in the United States cannot appeal an acquittal because of constitutional prohibitions against double jeopardy. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled:

If the judgment is upon an acquittal, the defendant, indeed, will not seek to have it reversed, and the government cannot. U.S. v. Sanges, 144 U.S. 310 (1892). Ball v. U.S., 163 U.S. 662, 671 (1896)

A verdict of acquittal, although not followed by any judgment, is a bar to a subsequent prosecution for the same offense. Ball, supra, at 672.

Society's awareness of the heavy personal strain which a criminal trial represents for the individual defendant is manifested in the willingness to limit the Government to a single criminal proceeding to vindicate its very vital interest in enforcement of criminal laws. United States v. Jorn, 400 U.S. 470, 479 (1971)

Whether the trial is to a jury or, as here, to the bench, subjecting the defendant to postacquittal factfinding proceedings going to guilt or innocence violates the Double Jeopardy Clause. Smalis v. Pennsylvania, 476 U.S. 140 (1986)

It was decided in Fong Foo v. United States, 369 U.S. 141 (1962) that the prosecution cannot appeal a judgment of acquittal by a jury. In United States v. Jenkins, 420 U.S. 358 (1975), this was held applicable to bench trials. In Arizona v. Rumsey, 467 U.S. 203 (1984), it was ruled that in a bench trial, when a judge was holding a separate hearing after the jury trial, to decide if the defendant should be sentenced to death or life imprisonment, the judge decided that the circumstances of the case did not permit death to be imposed. On appeal, the judge's ruling was found to be erroneous. However, even though the decision to impose a life sentence instead of death was based on the judge's incorrect interpretation of the law, the finding of life imprisonment in the original case constituted an acquittal of the death penalty. Thus, death could not be imposed upon a subsequent trial. Even though the acquittal of the death penalty was erroneous in that case, the acquittal must stand.

The only exception to an acquittal being final is if the defendant was never in actual jeopardy. If a defendant bribes a judge and obtains acquittal due to a bench trial, the acquittal is invalid because the defendant was never in jeopardy in the first place. Harry Aleman v. Judges of the Criminal Division, Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, et al., 138 F.3d 302 (7th Cir. 1998).

An acquittal, while conclusive as to the criminal law, does not necessarily bar private civil actions in tort or on some other grounds as a result of the facts alleged in the charge. For example, the City of Los Angeles was held liable in 1994 for the 1991 Rodney King beating despite state acquittals in 1992 of all of its four main LAPD defendants, and in 1997 O. J. Simpson was held civilly liable for wrongful death even after being tried and acquitted in 1995 of murder. An acquittal also does not bar prosecution for the same offenses under a statute of a different jurisdiction. For example, in the United States, someone acquitted of a state murder charge can be retried for the same actions on a federal charge of violating civil rights, and police acquitted of a state charge of felonious assault, as in the Rodney King case, can likewise be tried on federal civil rights charges.

The effect of acquittals on criminal records
An acquittal does not mean the defendant is innocent of the charge presented—only that the prosecutor failed to prove that the defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

The charge may remain on the defendant's criminal record in the United States even after an acquittal, depending on the state regulations. A federal criminal record may include acquittals, case dismissals, and convictions.

In the UK, police forces can reveal whether individuals have been acquitted of criminal charges when issuing information for enhanced record checks, according to a 2018 Supreme Court ruling.

Depending on one's location, a background check may highlight not only convictions or plea bargains but also arrests, charges that were dropped or dismissed, and acquittals.

Acquittal vs "Not Guilty"
A "not guilty" finding is generally considered an acquittal, but there is a subtle difference between the two. A defendant found "not guilty" is not legally answerable for the criminal charge filed. An acquittal is when a judge or jury finds a defendant "not guilty" of the crime charged.

"Not guilty" also refers to a type of plea in a criminal case. To avoid confusion, the term "acquittal" is often used in place of it to refer to the court judgment.

Partial acquittal
When multiple charges are filed against a defendant, and a judge or jury finds the defendant not guilty of some charges but guilty of others, the defendant is said to have received a "partial acquittal". The defendant will then be sentenced for the charges that did not result in acquittal.

See also
Category:Criminal trials that ended in acquittal

References

Criminal procedure

Acquittal


The Protestant People's Party (PPP) was a minor Australian political party which operated in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in the 1940s.

The party contested the 1946 Australian federal election for election to the Senate, in which it gained 7.7% of the vote in NSW (which translated to 3% nationally). This was a particularly  impressive result for a minor party at the time, given the strength of the two-party system in Australia during the 1940s. Nevertheless, the result was insufficient to gain the PPP a parliamentary seat. Three years later, the PPP contested the 1949 Australian federal election, but saw its vote collapse to just 1% of the total NSW Senate vote. The PPP was never successful in winning representation to either the NSW or Australian parliaments.

See also
 List of political parties in Australia

References

External links
 The University of Western Australia - Australian Government and Politics Database

Defunct political parties in New South Wales
Protestant political parties
Defunct Christian political parties

Protestant People's Party


The Museum of Garment - Ethnologic Heritage Research Center (Spanish: Museo del Traje - Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico) is a museum located in Madrid, Spain, with collections devoted to fashion and costumes. The museum has over 160,000 pieces and documents. The current building was completed in 1973. Collections date from the Middle Ages up to clothes by Spain's contemporary fashion designers. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1962.

History
The current Museo del Traje dates from 2004. The museum, despite being a newly created institution, has a long and curious history. Its origin lies in the Historic Costume Exhibition, held in 1925. In the keynote address at this event, the Count of Romanones raised the idea of making the temporary exhibition permanent. Two years later he created a Board of Trustees of the Museum who would take charge of the funds of the exhibition, receiving them from the state, and form them into the new Regional Costume Museum and History (1927–1934).

In 1934, the Count creates the idea of creating another institution to pick up these treasured collections and also the traditions of the Spanish People. This new museum, the Museum of the Spanish Village, acquired the collections of Ethnography and Folk Art at the School of Education, and contained an extensive series of objects that the Regional Trustees acquired between 1934 and 1936. After several changes of venue the collections were moved in 1983 into the building then occupied by the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo. In 1993 the Museum of the Spanish Village and the National Museum of Ethnology are united in a single institution, the National Museum of Anthropology (1993–2004). However, both continued to operate independently.

Finally, in 2002, after a general discussion on the future of the museum, it was decided to enhance the public presence of the collection of costumes, from a modern perspective.

Building
The architect, Jaime López de Asiaín, was awarded the National Prize for Architecture in 1969 for this project, construction beginning in 1971. The building was completed in 1973 and inaugurated in 1975. The building was built as the home of the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art (MEAC), later to become the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. After the MEAC left the building in 1992 the building lay unused. A restoration of the building was carried out at a cost of 21 million euro in 2005, allowing the building to become the home of the Museo del Traje. The building takes to form of a tower set upon a large horizontal element containing the museum section. All are elevated above the surrounding landscape allowing visitors to walk beneath the building into a shaded courtyard containing a large monumental staircase. Several glass pavilions are set between the ground and the building above.

Gallery

References
This article is based on an article in Spanish Wikipedia.

External links

 Museo del Traje - official site

Museums in Madrid
Textile museums in Spain
Fashion museums
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in Madrid
Buildings and structures in Ciudad Universitaria neighborhood, Madrid

Museo del Traje


Andrew James McShane (January 2, 1865 – April 17, 1936) was mayor of New Orleans from 1920 to 1925.

McShane was born in New Orleans, the son of two Irish-American Catholics, Bernard McShane and Rose (Fitzpatrick) McShane.  After his father died, he entered the hide business at the age of nine, working his way through the ranks as a travelling salesman before becoming sole owner of his firm at the age of twenty-one.  His business was very successful.   He married Agnes Bruns of New Orleans in 1918; they had one daughter, Rosemary.

McShane was involved in New Orleans politics throughout his adult life.  He was associated with the reform-oriented groups that were opposed to the machine politics of the Regular Democratic Organization, or Old Regulars.  He held posts in the administrations of reform mayors Walter Flower and Paul Capdevielle.   McShane ran for a city council seat in 1912 under a 'good government' platform, but lost.

In the election of 1920, McShane was the mayoral nominee of the reform-oriented Orleans Democratic Organization.  The endorsement of reform governor John M. Parker helped him narrowly defeat the incumbent Old Regular mayor, Martin Behrman.

Despite the reform promises of the new administration, McShane was able to achieve very little.  He and his administration were hampered by inexperience at city government and by dissension between various factions of his supporters.  He was able to improve garbage collection, reform the Department of Public Works and the city's finances, and create a system of one-way streets to improve traffic flow.

McShane ran for re-election in 1925, but was soundly defeated by former mayor Martin Behrman.  After his defeat, the Old Regulars would continue to control the city until 1946.

McShane Place, a block-long street connecting Rampart Street and St. Claude Avenue, is named after him.

Sources

 Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980.  Greenwood Press, 1981.
 New Orleans Public Library, Louisiana Division.  "Administration of Andrew J. McShane."
 Administrations of the Mayor's of New Orleans: McShane at nutrias.org

1865 births
1936 deaths
American people of Irish descent
Mayors of New Orleans

Andrew J. McShane


Trappey's Hot Sauce is an American brand of hot sauce that was originally produced by the New Iberia, Louisiana-based company Trappey's Fine Foods, Inc. Trappey's was purchased by B&G Foods in 1997. Trappey's makes Red Devil Cayenne Pepper Sauce, Bull Louisiana Hot Sauce, Indi-Pep Pepper Sauce, Chef Magic Jalapeño Sauce, Trappey's Cut Okra, Trappey's Creole Okra Gumbo, Trappey's Cocktail Okra (mild and hot varieties) and pickled jalapeños.

Trappey's is called Louisiana-style as it is no longer produced in Louisiana, but imported from Colombia. With a Scoville rating of 1,200 to 1,600, Trappey's Louisiana Hot Sauce is noticeably milder than some other Louisiana-style sauces.

The company was founded in 1898, when Louisiana entrepreneur (and former McIlhenny Company employee) B.F. Trapé grew tabasco chilies from Avery Island seed.

B.F. Trapé founded the company B.F. Trappey and Sons and, with the help of his ten sons and one daughter, began producing his own sauce, which he called "Tabasco". The McIlhenny family, makers of Tabasco brand sauce, eventually responded to this challenge and a several-decades-long feud by receiving a trademark for their Tabasco brand in 1906. Afterwards Trappey resorted to the less specific "Louisiana Hot Sauce". The company was sold to Perry and Wiltz Segura in 1982; after some interim owners, the McIlhenny Company acquired it in 1991, selling it to B&G Foods in 1997.

According to the nutritional information on the label, Trappey's contains distilled vinegar, red pepper, salt, guar gum, xanthan gum, ascorbic acid, and red#40. The sauce uses the xanthan gum to smooth consistency.

See also
Condiment
List of hot sauces
Scoville heat scale

References

External links
 Trappey's page on the B&G Foods site
 Trappey's sauce Louisiana plant closes

Hot sauces
Brand name condiments
Louisiana cuisine
New Iberia, Louisiana

Trappey's Hot Sauce


Admiral Sir Richard George Onslow,  (15 April 1904 – 16 December 1975) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth.

Early life and family
Onslow was born in 1904 at Garmston (near Ironbridge), Shropshire, second child and eldest son of George Arthur Onslow, farmer, and his wife Charlotte Riou Benson, daughter of clergyman the Reverend Riou George Benson.

In 1932, Onslow married Kathleen Meriel Taylor, elder daughter of Edmund Coston Taylor, cotton manufacturer, of Bank House, Longnor, Shropshire; they had two sons.

Naval career
Educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Onslow joined the Royal Navy in 1918 at the end of the First World War. He attended the Royal Naval College, Greenwich from 1934 to 1935.

At the start of the Second World War Onslow was on the Plans Division of the Naval Staff, with a combat interlude in 1940 on an unsuccessful attempt to evacuate the Belgian government and gold reserves from Bordeaux during the Fall of France, nearly becoming prisoner of the Germans. He next became captain of the destroyer  in 1941 in the role of defending Russian convoys, as well as the convoys to Malta. His services on the former convoys earned him the initial award of his Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and the Soviet Order of the Red Banner. He took over the anti-submarine training establishment HMS Osprey in 1943 and went on to be captain of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla in November, in which capacity he earned the third of his three bars to his DSO in the attack on a Japanese base at Sabang, Sumatra.

After the war Onslow attended the Imperial Defence College in London, and then became Senior Naval Officer in Northern Ireland and then, from 1948, Director of the Tactical Division at the Admiralty. After taking command of the training ship  in 1951, he became Naval Secretary in 1952. He was made Flag Officer (Flotillas) for the Home Fleet in 1955 and Flag Officer commanding the Reserve Fleet in 1956. His last appointment was as Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1958. He retired in 1962.

In retirement Onslow became a Deputy Lieutenant for Shropshire on 13 April 1962 and served until his death in 1975,  He settled in Shropshire  after retirement, making his home at Ryton Grove, Great Ryton, near Dorrington, where he died on 16 December 1975.

References

|-

|-

1904 births
1975 deaths
Military personnel from Shropshire
People educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne
Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Deputy Lieutenants of Shropshire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy admirals
Royal Navy personnel of World War I
Royal Navy personnel of World War II
Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies

Richard Onslow (Royal Navy officer)


Pratani Ramakrishna Goud, also known as R.K. Goud, is a well known Telugu film producer, director, screen play writer and distributor. He also acted in few movies like Jodi No 1.

He produced and directed several movies under his own banner R.K. Films namely Sardar Papanna, Jodi No 1, Swargamlo Ramanna. He also penned lyrics for the song 'Sirisilla' in the movie Mogudu Pellala Dongata.

Filmography

Director
 Sardar Papanna: with lead actors as Krishna (Telugu actor), Suman (actor), and Jaihind Goud.
Mogudu Pellala Dongata: starring Gurlin Chopra and Susanth.

Producer
 Jodi No 1: with lead actors as Uday Kiran, Venya ,Srija and Pratani Ramakrishna Goud.
 Prateekara Jwala: made in Hindi and Telugu languages with miss world Yukta Mukhi in lead role.
 Rowdygari Pellam: starring Sivajiraj directed by Sumit Roy.
Yuva Raktam: starring Vijay and Indraja directed by Janaki Sounder.

Distributor or Presenter
Bank: starring Jackie Shroff, Abbas and Rahul Dev directed by Arun Kumar.
Gaali Seenu: starring Mumaith Khan, Posani directed by Uday Bhaskar.
Swargamlo Ramanna: directed by Raj Kumar.
Allari Pellam: starring Sivajiraja and Subhasri directed by Shivaji.
Target: starring Mumaith Khan and Siva Balaji directed by Ramesh Raja.
Beats: starring Vinay and Pranathi directed by A.V.V. Naidu.
Malli Malli: starring Skanda and Kalyani directed by Raj Aditya.
Sunami: starring Ankita.
Miss Bharathi: directed by K. Ganeshan.
Dammunnodu: starring Rishi and Sowmya directed by B.V.V Choudry.

References

Telugu male actors
Living people
Telugu film directors
Telugu film producers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Pratani Ramakrishna Goud


S. B. Fuller (June 4, 1905 – October 24, 1988) was an American entrepreneur. He was founder and president of the Fuller Products Company, publisher of the New York Age and Pittsburgh Courier, head of the South Side Chicago NAACP, president of the National Negro Business League, and a prominent black Republican.

S. B. Fuller's life was an illustration of business success and self-help. His company gave inspiration and training to countless aspiring entrepreneurs and future leaders, including John H. Johnson of Johnson Publishing, George Ellis Johnson founder of Johnson Products, and Dr. T. R. M. Howard. Joe L. Dudley Senior of Greensboro, North Carolina had a similar business, the Dudley Products Company, which was a major distributor of Fuller products and also offered products of its own and kept the Fuller Products name alive after the end of S. B. Fuller's career.

Early life
Fuller (no relation to Alfred C. Fuller, founder of the Fuller Brush Company) was born into rural poverty to a sharecropper family in Monroe, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana in 1905. The family's poverty was such that he had to drop out of school in sixth grade. At nine he was selling products door-to-door and gaining experience as an entrepreneur. At fifteen his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Two years later his mother would pass away leaving seven children to fend for themselves. In an interview (U.S. News World Report – August 19, 1963 ) he spoke of this time " ...the Relief people came and offered us some relief, but we did not accept it because it was a shame in those days for people to receive relief. We did not want our neighbors to think we couldn't make for ourselves. So we youngsters made it for ourselves. "

After going to Chicago in 1928, Fuller worked in a wide range of menial jobs, eventually rising to become manager of a coal yard. Subsequent to his employment in the coal yard, he gained employment as an insurance representative for Commonwealth Burial Association, an African-American firm. Although he had a secure job during the Depression, he nevertheless struck out on his own preferring "freedom" to "security."

Entrepreneurship
His career as an entrepreneur started after he borrowed twenty-five dollars using his car as collateral. Along with his friend Lestine Thornton (who later became his wife), he invested in a load of soap from Boyer International Laboratories, manufacturer of Jean Nadal Cosmetics and HA Hair Arranger. His success selling soap door-to-door inspired him to invest another $1000. He incorporated Fuller Products in 1929. In four years he would be promoted to a manager at Commonwealth while continuing to grow his own company to a line of 30 products and hiring additional door-to-door salespeople.

The substantial number of African American families who moved to the South side of Chicago during the Great Migration became the customer base from which Fuller Products would see tremendous expansion. The additional growth was sufficient for the company to open its own factory in 1939. In 1947, Fuller purchased Boyer to prevent its bankruptcy, keeping his ownership a secret. The company began to manufacture and sell a diverse line of commodities from deodorant and hair care to hosiery and men's suits.  Fuller also purchased several newspapers including the New York Age and the Pittsburgh Courier. Additionally, he owned the South Center Department Store and the Regal Theater in Chicago.

Politics
Fuller was a leading black Republican although he always had an independent streak. He promoted civil rights and briefly headed the Chicago South Side NAACP. Along with Birmingham businessman, A. G. Gaston, he tried to organize a cooperative effort to purchase the segregated bus company during the Montgomery bus boycott. He told Martin Luther King Jr., "The bus company is losing money and willing to sell. We should buy it." King was skeptical of the idea, and not enough African American people came forward to raise the money.

Despite his belief in civil rights, Fuller's emphasis was always on the need for African American people to go into business. In 1958, he blasted the federal government for undermining free enterprise and fostering socialism. He feared that it was "doing the same thing today as was done in the days of Caesar—destroying incentive and initiative." He argued that wherever "there is capitalism there is freedom."

Fuller was a good friend and associate of Dr. T. R. M. Howard, of Mound Bayou, Mississippi and later Chicago.  Howard was a wealthy black entrepreneur and a prominent civil rights leader and mentor to Medgar Evers.  Fuller and Howard had probably met because of their mutual involvement in the National Negro Business League. Fuller was president of the organization for several terms in the 1940s and 1950s. He hired Howard to be medical director of Fuller Products and supported his Republican campaign for Congress in 1958.

Change of fortune
During the 1950s, Fuller was probably the richest African American man in the United States. His cosmetics company had $18 million in sales and a sales force of five thousand (one-third of them white). It gave training to many future entrepreneurs and other leaders.  "It doesn't make any difference," he declared, "about the color of an individual's skin. No one cares whether a cow is black, red, yellow, or brown. They want to know how much milk it can produce."

Despite his opinion, the White Citizens Councils organized a boycott of Fuller's Nadal products line during the 1950s, when they learned an African American owned the company. This would be the beginning of a turn of fortune for Fuller's business interests that would affect his activities throughout the 1960s.

In 1963 Fuller was the first African American inducted into the National Association of Manufacturers. During his acceptance speech he stated that "a lack of understanding of the capitalist system and not racial barriers was keeping blacks from making progress." In an interview that same year with U.S. News & World Report he said, "Negroes are not discriminated against because of the color of their skin. They are discriminated against because they have not anything to offer that people want to buy." Afterwards his company suffered severe setbacks as many of his comments were reported out of context. Major national black leaders reacted angrily and called for a boycott of Fuller Products.

In 1968, Fuller sold unregistered promissory notes in interstate commerce for which he was charged with violating the Federal Securities Act. After pleading guilty, being placed on five years' probation, and ordered to repay creditors $1.6 million, Fuller Products entered bankruptcy in 1971. Although the company reorganized, and reported profits of $300,000 in 1972, and the cosmetics portion of the old company was rebuilt, it never returned to the firm's previous levels of size or profitability.

In 1976, Fuller, as a result of health problems, asked his top distributor, Joe Louis Dudley, Sr., to move to Chicago and become President of the Fuller Products Company. Dudley ran both Fuller Products Company and Dudley Products Company from 1976 until 1984. In 1984, Fuller Products Company was purchased by Dudley.

Fuller was eighty-three years of age when he died at St. Francis Hospital in Blue Island, Illinois from kidney failure.

Family

Fuller was the father-in-law of neurologist and Canadian football hall-of-famer Tom Casey.

See also
 List of African-American Republicans

References

Bibliography
 Mary Fuller Casey, S.B. Fuller: Pioneer in Black Economic Development (Jamestown, N.C.: Bridgemaster Press, 2003).

 .
 John N. Ingham and Lynne B. Feldman, eds. African American Business Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
 S. B. Fuller. The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Volume 2: 1986–1990. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1999.
 ''S. B. Fuller, Master of Enterprise: A Great Businessman Is Remembered." Issues & Views 5 (Winter 1989).

External links
 Welcome to the World of Dudley | Corporate: Joe L. Dudley, Sr. Entrepreneur and Humanitarian
 S. B. Fuller: Master of Enterprise

1905 births
1988 deaths
Illinois Republicans
African-American people in Illinois politics
20th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Chicago
20th-century African-American businesspeople

Samuel B. Fuller


Bo Skovhus (born May 22, 1962 in Ikast, Denmark) is a Danish opera singer (baritone).

Skovhus studied at the Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus, at the Royal Academy for Opera of Copenhagen and in New York with Oren Brown.

While studying voice at the Royal Academy for Opera of Copenhagen, Skovhus was considering becoming a doctor.  Based on a recommendation from his teacher, he was offered the role of Don Giovanni in the Vienna Volksoper's 1988 production of Don Giovanni.  His debut was a stirring success, and launched his career.  He appeared frequently in Vienna, at both the Vienna Volksoper and at the Vienna State Opera. He has sung Lieder as well, for example, Hugo Wolf's Italienisches Liederbuch with Finnish soprano Soile Isokoski (Ondine ODE998-2D).

He signed an exclusive contract with Sony Classical, and has recorded several albums on that label:

 The Heart of the Poet (1996)
 Schubert: Die Schone Mullerin (1997)
 Arias (1998)
 Mahler: Das Lied von der Erde (2000)
 Escape Through Opera (2001)

He teaches masterclasses at the American Institute of Musical Studies in Graz, Austria.

References

Sources

Bo Skovhus at Sony BMG Masterworks

1962 births
Living people
People from Ikast-Brande Municipality
Danish opera singers
Operatic baritones
Royal Danish Academy of Music alumni
Österreichischer Kammersänger

Bo Skovhus


The Stephen Joseph Theatre is a theatre in the round in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England that was founded by Stephen Joseph and was the first theatre in the round in Britain.

In 1955, Joseph established a tiny theatre in the round on the first floor of the Public Library.

The theatre flourished and in 1976 moved to a supposedly temporary home on the ground floor of the former Scarborough Boys' High School.

However, a permanent home proved difficult to find and it was not until late 1988 and the closure of the local Odeon cinema by Rank Leisure that the theatre's long-standing Artistic Director, Alan Ayckbourn, found a suitable venue. Ayckbourn launched a £4 million appeal to transform the old cinema with a view to opening it up in 1995.

The new theatre, known simply as the Stephen Joseph Theatre, opened in 1996 and comprises two auditoria: The Round, a 404-seat theatre in the round, and The McCarthy, a 165-seat end-on stage/cinema. The building also contains a restaurant, shop, and full front-of-house and backstage facilities.

The Round boasts two important technical innovations: the stage lift, facilitating speedy set changes, and the trampoline, a Canadian invention which allows technicians particularly easy access to the lighting grid.

It is also the place where the image used for the cover of Richard Hawley's album Coles Corner was taken.

Notable staff

 Chrissie Glazebrook, novelist
 Malcolm Hebden, associate director

Patrons

 James Norton, actor

References

External links

 Theatre website

Theatres completed in 1951
Theatres in Scarborough, North Yorkshire
1951 establishments in England
Cinemas in Yorkshire

Stephen Joseph Theatre


Laxmi Narayan Mandir is a Hindu temple, devoted to Laxmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth.  It is located at 31 Nawabpur Road in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The temple is about 300 years old. It was established in the Bengali year of 1056.

Hindu temples in Bangladesh
Dhaka

Laxmi Narayan Mandir, Dhaka


Exchange of gases or gas exchange is carried out by organisms.

Animals breathe out carbon dioxide and breathe in oxygen. Plants use carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis, which makes oxygen. Plants only do this out during the day, when there is sunlight. Plants respire all day and night.

In the human respiratory system, gas exchange happens in the alveolus (alveoli for plural). These are in the lungs and help with diffusion. Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream, from the air. Oxygen is used in aerobic respiration. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream, into the air. Carbon dioxide is a waste product made by respiration.

References

Physiology

Gas exchange


Defamation is saying or writing something about another person that hurts their reputation. Usually, when people use the word defamation, it means that the statement is not true.  In this case, it is against the law. A statement that is defamation is called defamatory.

In order to be defamatory, a statement has to claim to be a fact instead of an opinion. For example, saying, "Mr. Jones is mean" cannot be defamatory, because it is someone's opinion. However, if someone says, "Mr. Jones steals candy from children", then the statement is defamatory if it is not true, because it would be a fact, not an opinion.

If a defamatory statement is written, such as in a book or in a newspaper, it is called libel. If it is spoken out loud, it is called slander. Somebody who is the victim of defamation can sue the person who wrote or said it.

Defamation is a tool of bullying.

Defamation laws
Defamation laws are not the same in every country. In most countries it is a civil wrong or tort. In some it is a crime. In many countries the burden of proof is on the person claiming that somebody is defaming them. This means they have to prove that the thing that was said about them is false. However, in England, it is the other way around. If somebody claims that a statement is defamation, the person who made the statement has to prove the statement is true.

References

Types of crime

Defamation


Tong Sala (; ) is the principal town and administrative centre of Ko Pha Ngan, an island in the Gulf of Thailand. While Haad Rin hosts the Full Moon Party and attracts many of the island's visitors, Thong Sala is mostly used by tourists as a ferry terminal and jumping off point.

The port area has three main piers, one of which is able to handle medium- to large-sized container and passenger craft. The others accommodate smaller passenger and dive boats that serve the islands of Ko Pha Ngan, Ko Samui, and Ko Tao, and the mainland ports of Surat Thani and Chumphon.

References

External links

Populated places in Surat Thani province

Thong Sala


Orhan Boran (30 June 1928 – 26 May 2012) was a Turkish radio and TV host and actor. He was also widely known for his laudable usage of the Turkish language.

Early life
Boran was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1928 as the son of Hikmet Boran, a graduate of the medical college. At the age of ten, Orhan enrolled at the famed Galatasaray High School, where he was a boarder even on weekends. His first stage experience came when he was still at Galatasaray as he took part in school drama productions. The plays were directed by Necdet Mahfi Ayral, a fine actor with the Municipal Theaters, and Boran had the leading role.

Career
Boran's stage career was launched when he graduated from high school in 1946. A year after joining the ranks of the Municipal Theaters, Boran found the opportunity to go to Paris and work as an intern with a theater known as Les Mathurins. He came back to Turkey in 1949, feeling that the theater was not for him. That same year, when Radio Istanbul went on the air, he 'found his calling,' as he puts it. The programs he did then, at the age of 21, gave him instant celebrity. And it was at this time that he began doing one-man stints in night clubs, laying the foundations for the Stand-up Banter that has become synonymous with the name Orhan Boran.

In 1956, by taking first place in an examination given by the British Consulate in Istanbul, Orhan Boran found himself in London, where he worked for the Turkish service of the BBC. He was also London correspondent for the Turkish daily news Dunya. His success as a correspondent was to bring him within the sphere of Hürriyet and Milliyet, leading Turkish newspapers, and start his 25 years in print.

On returning to Turkey in 1960 he quickly went back into radio. It was also at this time that the 'Stand-up Banter' performances began, forerunners of today's stand-up comedy in modern Turkey. Boran's stories were mostly based on his imaginary family and the conversations between the family members.

At a time when he hosted nearly all the radio quiz programs in Turkey, he also created a famous fictitious character named Yuki (a rabbit-like character voiced by Boran himself) for a radio show during the 1960s. Boran created other characters besides Yuki, entertaining listeners for years and years with the stories of the derelict brother-in-law, the sister-in-law doomed to be an old maid, and many more. In the late 1990s, an animation version of Yuki based on scripts taken from the early radio programs was produced as a series of for television, however, because of the marketing problems, it failed to hit the screen.

Boran ended his long stage career in 1981 with a show called A Musical Belly-Laugh, written by himself and featuring a number of artists. He then started to host his own television programs: Panel, Hello Friends (Merhaba Arkadaşlar), Sunday Nights With Orhan Boran (Orhan Boran ile Pazar Geceleri), and Moments With Orhan Boran (Orhan Boran'lı Dakikalar).

Having won numerous awards from the Ministry of Culture and the Turkish Language Association, Boran in 1992 joined the faculty of the Marmara University School of Communications in order to share what he had learned with the younger generation who have always meant so much to him. But although he loved being an academic, his heavy work schedule forced him to resign from this post.

After 59 years, Boran retired from show business on 10 June 2005.

Orhan Boran died on 26 May 2012 at the age of 83. He had been suffering from bone marrow disease for two years.

He was laid to rest at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery following the religious funeral ceremony held in Galippaşa Mosque in Erenköy, Kadıköy.

References

External links

 Biyografi.net - Biography of Orhan Boran
 Hürriyet Newspaper Online -  Biography of Orhan Boran

Mass media people from Istanbul
1928 births
Turkish people of Abkhazian descent
Galatasaray High School alumni
Turkish radio presenters
Turkish television presenters
Turkish male stage actors
Turkish male comedians
Turkish people of Circassian descent
Hürriyet people
Milliyet people
BBC people
Turkish stand-up comedians
2012 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Deaths from cancer in Turkey
Burials at Zincirlikuyu Cemetery
Turkish male film actors

Orhan Boran


David Noel Redding (25 December 1945 – 11 May 2003) was an English rock musician, best known as the bass player for the Jimi Hendrix Experience and guitarist/singer for Fat Mattress.

Following his departure from the Experience in 1969 and the dissolution of Fat Mattress in 1970, Redding formed the short-lived group Road in the United States, which released the self-titled album Road before he re-located to Clonakilty, Ireland, in 1972. There he formed the Noel Redding Band with former Thin Lizzy guitarist Eric Bell, with whom he released two albums. Although by the 1980s Redding had largely removed himself from the music business, he would later perform around his new hometown with wife Carol Appleby.

He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 as a member of the Jimi Hendrix Experience.

Biography

Background
Redding was born at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Folkestone, Kent, to Bromley-born Margaret (née Berggren) and Horace Albert Redding. He grew up on Cliff Road, Seabrook, where his mother ran a guest house, with his Swedish-born grandmother, his brother Anthony, and his sister Vicki. He attended St Leonards Primary school in Hythe, and the Harvey Grammar School in Folkestone. At the age of nine he played violin at school, and then mandolin and guitar. His first public appearances were at the Hythe Youth Club, and at his school.

At 17 Redding became a professional musician and toured clubs in Scotland and Germany with Neil Landon and the Burnettes (formed in late 1962) and the Loving Kind (formed in November 1965). In addition, the Lonely Ones reunited in September 1964, and Redding remained with them a year before taking his leave.

The Jimi Hendrix Experience
Upon his arrival in England in September 1966, Jimi Hendrix and his producer/manager Chas Chandler set about finding backing musicians. Although Redding had played guitar up to that point, he switched to bass guitar and became the second member of the Jimi Hendrix Experience, followed shortly by drummer Mitch Mitchell, to form a power trio.  With the group, he recorded three landmark albums: Are You Experienced, Axis: Bold as Love, and Electric Ladyland. Redding also wrote and sang lead on two songs, "Little Miss Strange" and "She's So Fine". His playing style was distinguished by the use of a pick, a mid-range "trebly" sound, and in later years the use of fuzz and distortion effects through overdriven Sunn amps. For the bass line in "Red House", Redding was recorded playing on a normal six-string guitar.

By 1969, Hendrix was performing and recording with a number of different musicians. Without consulting Redding, Hendrix announced that he intended to expand the group. Redding responded by quitting the Experience during the American tour on 29 June 1969, and returned to England. However, when Hendrix's attempts to form a new group were unsuccessful, his manager, Michael Jeffery, tried to reunite the Experience in early 1970. The three were interviewed by Rolling Stone magazine to announce the reformation, but ultimately Redding was passed over in favour of bassist Billy Cox, who had performed with Hendrix at Woodstock and on  the Band of Gypsys album with Buddy Miles.

Fat Mattress
In 1968, Redding formed the group Fat Mattress with another Kent musician, Neil Landon. The band also included Jim Leverton on bass and keyboards and Eric Dillon on drums. Redding played guitar and vocals, and a key part of the Fat Mattress sound was the vocal harmonies between him, Landon and Leverton. The band initially toured in support of the Jimi Hendrix Experience, requiring Redding to play two full sets each night. He left Fat Mattress after only one album with them, though some of his compositions would appear on their second album.

Later years

Redding soon went on to other projects. While living in Los Angeles, he formed Road, a three-piece in the same psychedelic hard rock vein as the Experience, with Rod Richards (ex-Rare Earth) on guitar and Les Sampson on drums, and Redding switching back to bass. They released one album, Road (1972), with the three members taking turns on lead vocals.

Redding moved to Ireland in 1972. He formed the Noel Redding Band with Eric Bell (from Thin Lizzy), Dave Clarke, Les Sampson, and Robbie Walsh. Despite the band's name, Redding shared songwriting and lead vocal duties equally with Clarke. They released two albums for RCA, three tours of the Netherlands, two tours of England, one tour of Ireland, and a 10-week tour in the US. The band dissolved after a dispute with their management company. Tracks recorded for a third unreleased album were later released as The Missing Album on Mouse Records.

In his book Are You Experienced?, co-authored with his wife Carol Appleby, he spoke openly about his disappointment in his being cut off from the profits of the continued sale of the Hendrix recordings. He had signed away his royalties in 1974, and in 1980 sold the bass guitar he used with the Experience to a collector. Redding had received $100,000 as a one-off payment after he had been told that there would be no more releases of Jimi Hendrix Experience material. This was before the advent of CDs and DVDs.

In 1990, Redding and Appleby were involved in a car crash returning home from a concert in Glounthaune. Appleby was left brain dead by the accident, with Redding later stating that "she was in intensive care on life support and after four days I had to make the terrible decision of shutting down the machine". They had been together for seventeen years and, just two days prior to the accident, Appleby had finished helping Redding co-write his autobiography.

In 1997, Fender produced the Noel Redding Signature Jazz bass in a signed limited edition of 1000. Premiered at the NAMM Show in January 1997, the bass was based on the 1965 Jazz bass which Redding used throughout his time with the Experience. Redding tracked down the person to whom he had sold the bass some years prior, who agreed to allow Fender to inspect it. Redding stating that "Fender got the original bass from him, copied it, and sent me a prototype, and it was exactly the same as my original bass; they did a brilliant job".

After meeting San Francisco musician and songwriter Keith Dion in London during the awarding of an English Heritage Blue Plaque Award in 1997, Redding performed several tours across the United States with Dion's band "3:05 AM". Recordings from these tours were released on the UK and European releases "West Cork Tuning" and "Stone Free". Video footage from these tours was shown in May 2014 during the now annual Noel Redding Tribute Festival held in Clonakilty each year. Positive feedback was also received from the Irish Cultural Minister and the head of the Irish Film Board.

In 2002, a live album Live From Bunkr  Prague was released. Predominantly made up of Experience material, the concert was recorded in 1995 in the Czech Republic with guitarist and singer Anthony Krizan of the Spin Doctors, rhythm guitarist Ivan Kral of the Patti Smith Group and drummer Frankie LaRocka. The band rehearsed for a mere 45 minutes before performing. Vaclav Havel, the then President of the Czech Republic watched from the side of the stage.

Redding's last performance was in Clonakilty at De Barras pub, where he had held the Friday night residency for nearly 20 years, performing with some of the local musicians who appeared on his last album Thank You, Goodnight and Good Luck including Steve Pawsey, Jeff Ward, Jim O'Neil, Eric Bell and Les Sampson.

Death
Redding was found dead in his home in Clonakilty on 11 May 2003, three weeks after the death of his mother. A postmortem was carried out on 13 May at Cork University Hospital in Wilton, Cork. The report concluded that Redding died from "shock haemorrhage due to oesophageal varices in reaction to cirrhosis of the liver". He was 57 years old and survived by a brother, a sister and a son, Nicolas Noel Redding, by his former wife, Danish-born Susanne.

Legacy
In the village of Ardfield, local people erected a plaque to Redding's memory. His then partner, the US-born Deborah McNaughton, had returned to America where she died from breast cancer nine months after Redding's death.

Three months prior to his death, Redding had threatened to sue Experience Hendrix, LLC, the company that manages the Hendrix catalogue, for £3.26 million in lost earnings. The estate rejected his claim and went on to release a posthumous compilation album entitled The Experience Sessions in 2004. Along with unreleased takes of Redding-penned Experience album tracks "She's So Fine" and "Little Miss Strange", the album contained unreleased songs recorded by The Jimi Hendrix Experience which Redding had written whilst with the band. Most of the tracks are outtakes from the Axis: Bold As Love and Electric Ladyland albums, and feature Redding on guitar with Hendrix on bass. It also featured a live version of Hendrix's "Red House" with Redding on rhythm guitar. Notably the album features the song "Dream", but omits the other Redding-penned song "Dance" which was recorded during the same session on which Hendrix participated on bass. Written by Redding for drummer Mitch Mitchell to sing, Hendrix would later take Redding's guitar riff and use it for his own song "Ezy Rider", which was first released on the posthumous album The Cry of Love.

A town square in Redding's hometown of Folkestone was renamed "Noel's Yard" as a memorial, described as being "a public 'Theatre in a Square' which promotes commerce, the arts, entertainment, as well as the best of British seaside living within a vibrant and safe creative community".

In 2013, an art exhibition was organised to mark the 10th anniversary of Redding's death. It was opened by his brother Anthony.

Discography
The Loving Kind
 "Accidental Love" / "Nothing Can Change This Love" (Piccadilly 7N 35299) 1966
 "Love the Things You Do" / "Treat Me Nice" (Piccadilly 7N 35318) 1966
 "Ain't That Peculiar" / "With Rhyme and Reason" (Piccadilly 7N 35342) 1966

The Jimi Hendrix Experience

For a more complete listing of Redding's recordings with Hendrix, see Jimi Hendrix discography and Jimi Hendrix posthumous discography.
 Are You Experienced (1967)
 Axis: Bold as Love (1967)
 Electric Ladyland (1968)

Fat Mattress
 Fat Mattress (1969)
 Fat Mattress II (1970)
 "Naturally" / "Iridescent Butterfly" (1969)
 "Magic Lanterns" / "Bright New Way" (1969)
 "Highway" / "Black Sheep of the Family" (1970, co-wrote the A-side only, no performance)

Road
 Road (1972)

Randy California
Kapt. Kopter and the (Fabulous) Twirly Birds (1972, appears pseudonymously on three songs)

Noel Redding Band (also known as the Clonakilty Cowboys)
 Clonakilty Cowboys (1975)
 Blowin' (1976)
 The Missing Album (1995)
 "Roller Coaster Kids" / "Snowstorm"
 "Take It Easy" / "Back on the Road Again"

Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends
 Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends (1970)

British Invasion All-Stars
 British Invasion All-Stars (2001)

305 AM and Keith Dion
 West Cork Tuning (2001)
 West Coast Experience (2002)
 Stone Free (2003)
 On Tour with 305 AM (2003)
 West Cork Tuning Deluxe Edition (2003)

Noel Redding and Friends
 Live From Bunkr  Prague (2002)
 Thank You, Goodnight and Gud' Luck (2009)

Yardbirds Experience
 Family Tree: Birds of a Feather (2006)

References

Sources
 Obituary from Billboard.com

1945 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from cirrhosis
English rock singers
English male singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
Rhythm guitarists
English rock guitarists
English rock bass guitarists
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
People from Folkestone
Musicians from Kent
The Jimi Hendrix Experience members
People educated at The Harvey Grammar School
English expatriates in Ireland
Alcohol-related deaths in Ireland
Male bass guitarists
20th-century English bass guitarists
21st-century English bass guitarists
English people of Swedish descent
Screaming Lord Sutch and the Savages members
The Noel Redding Band members
Fat Mattress members
Lord Sutch and Heavy Friends members
20th-century British male singers

Noel Redding


David J. DeWitt (July 20, 1948) is a computer scientist specializing in database management system research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prior to moving to MIT, DeWitt was the John P. Morgridge Professor (Emeritus) of Computer Sciences at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was also a Technical Fellow at Microsoft, leading the Microsoft Jim Gray Systems Lab at Madison, Wisconsin. Professor DeWitt received a B.A. degree from Colgate University in 1970, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1976. He then joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison and started the Wisconsin Database Group, which he led for more than 30 years.

Professor DeWitt is known for his research in the areas of parallel databases, benchmarking, object-oriented databases, and XML databases.

He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering (1998) for the theory and construction of database systems. He is also a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.

He received the ACM SIGMOD Innovations Award (now renamed SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award) in 1995 for his contributions to the database systems field. In 2009, ACM recognized the seminal contributions of his Gamma parallel database system project with the ACM Software System Award. Also in 2009, he received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award for his contributions to the database systems field.

DeWitt Clause
Several commercial database vendors include an end-user license agreement provision, known as the DeWitt Clause, that prohibits researchers and scientists from explicitly using the names of their systems in academic papers.

In essence, a DeWitt Clause forbids the publication of database benchmarks that the database vendor has not sanctioned. The original DeWitt Clause was established by Oracle at the behest of Larry Ellison. Ellison was displeased with a benchmark study done by David DeWitt in 1982, then an assistant professor, using his Wisconsin Benchmark program, which showed that Oracle's system had poor performance.

References

External links

American computer scientists
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Microsoft technical fellows
Database researchers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Michigan alumni

David DeWitt


Talbot v Laroche (unreported) was an 1854 legal action, pivotal to the history of photography, by which William Fox Talbot sought to assert that Martin Laroche's use of the unpatented, collodion process infringed his calotype patent.

Background
Fox Talbot had developed the calotype process and patented it in 1841 to run until 1855. By 1852, many in the photographic community felt that Fox Talbot's insistence on the economic rights in his intellectual property were hampering the development of photography in England and had called upon him to relinquish his patent. He had made a concession by allowing a free licence to amateur photographers but he still insisted that professionals pay an annual licence fee. The situation was exacerbated by Fox Talbot's insistence that Frederick Scott Archer's collodion process was covered by his patent. The collodion process was widely used and there was  disquiet among the professional photographic community at the payment of a licence to Fox Talbot, rather than Archer, for its use.

In 1854, Fox Talbot applied to the Privy Council for an extension of his patent and Laroche was instrumental in fomenting opposition. Laroche was a professional photographer who has been claimed as a collaborator of Archer. He orchestrated the Photographic Society's public opposition to an extension and entered his own formal objection with the Privy Council. As a deliberate casus belli, he advertised his  photographic services in The Times, stating that he used "the new process on paper", the collodion process. Laroche's solicitor was Peter Fry, an amateur photographer who had been active against the original patent.

Fox Talbot had won actions against other photographers and sued Laroche for £5,000 damages (£350,000 at 2003 prices) for infringement of his patent.

Legal argument
Fox Talbot claimed that his patent covered "the making visible photographic images upon paper ... by washing them with liquid" and argued that Laroche's use of pyrogallic acid rather than his own mixture of silver nitrate, acetic acid, and gallic acid was immaterial.

Laroche argued:
There was prior art in the calotype patent rendering it invalid. In particular, the method had been developed by Joseph Bancroft Reade and described in an 1839 lecture.
The technique used by Laroche differed in that:
It used pyrogallic, rather than gallic, acid; and
It used collodion rather than paper.

Case
The case was heard 18–20 December 1854 in the Guildhall, London before Chief Justice of the Common Pleas Sir John Jervis.

Fox Talbot's leading counsel was Sir Frederick Thesiger, later to become Attorney-General, assisted by William Robert Grove, a barrister and distinguished scientist who was to go on to become a judge. The first witness was Fox Talbot and Grove performed the examination-in-chief. There were then ten witnesses for Fox Talbot:

Alfred Noble
Dr Miller
William Thomas Brande
Prof. August Wilhelm von Hofmann
Henry Medlock
William Crookes
Nevil Story Maskelyne
Antoine Claudet
Henry 'Collins' (Collen)
William Carpmael (1804–1867, Talbot's patent agent)

Laroche did not give evidence but the witnesses called by his counsel included:

Joseph Bancroft Reade
Edward William Brayley
Andrew Ross
Robert Hunt
A. Normandy
Dr J. Stenhouse
C. Heisch
T. Taylor
W. H. Thornthwaite
Mr Elliott
Mr (possibly T. S.) Redmond

Thesinger gave the closing speech for Fox Talbot and Jervis gave a lengthy summing up for the jury.

Verdict
The jury found that Fox Talbot was "the first and true inventor of the calotype process ... the first person who disclosed it to the public" but that Laroche had not infringed his patent.

Notes

Bibliography

1854 in case law
United Kingdom patent case law
19th-century photography
1854 in British law
Court of Common Pleas (England) cases
English law articles needing infoboxes

Talbot v Laroche


A reference scenario is an imagined situation where a library patron brings a question to a librarian and there is then a conversation, called in the field a reference interview, where the librarian works to help the patron find the information they want.  These scenarios are used in training future librarians how to help patrons.  Basically, a scenario is as short as a couple of sentences, including a question and a situation that underlies that question.

A great deal of reference teaching puts students to researching the answers to made-up questions.  This focuses the student on learning about the reference sources at hand by using them to answer those questions.  Scenarios are something different.  They focus the student on the interaction with patrons.  In class practice sessions, one student can be the patron and the other the librarian, as long as the one practicing as the librarian doesn't know the whole scenario in advance.

Scenarios are valued because often the question asked is not the end of the patron's information hunt, but the start.  Patrons often start by voicing a question that they think the library can answer, rather than the question they are really seeking to answer.  Or they pose a question that the librarian doesn't understand.  Reference librarian skills are very much about mediating a gap between what the patron wants and what the library can provide.  This can involve the librarian making him or herself a partner in the patron's search, teaching them what the library really has to offer, or even just clarifying a confusing word: Does the patron want information about soaps to clean with or soaps as in soap operas?

See also

Reference work
Library reference desk

Further reading

 Ross, Catherine, Kirsti Nilsen, and Patricia Dewdney. Conducting the Reference Interview: A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians.  New York: Neal Schumann, 2002.

Reference
Library science education

Reference scenario


British English or UK English is the dialect of the English language spoken in the United Kingdom. It is different in some ways from other types of English, such as American English. British English is widely spoken throughout most countries that were historically part of the British Empire.

Use in other countries
American English is used in the United States. In Canada, the accent sounds extremely similar to American English but with few exceptions (see Canadian English). Canada has mixed the spelling rules of American and British English to form its own spelling rules.

All members of the Commonwealth of Nations learn British English, while American English is often learnt in the Americas, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The United Kingdom and Ireland use British layout keyboards, while Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand and the US use American layout keyboards. In continental Europe, English as a second language is sometimes taught in American English, except in Scandinavia and the Netherlands where British English is taught.

Pronunciation
In the United Kingdom, the spelling remains the same but the pronunciation varies with local dialect. For example, a person from a place near London may not pronounce his "r"s the same as a person from Scotland. Across the country, the accent is different. In Liverpool, people may speak with a "Scouse" accent, in Birmingham with a "Brummie" accent.

In London the "Cockney" accent was once common, but is almost never heard today. All these regional accents became less extreme in the 20th century. This is generally attributed to the arrival of radio and television. Another factor is the increased mobility of people. A similar process has been noted in the United States, where regional differences are much less noticeable than they used to be.

Spelling

There are many words that sound the same in both American and British English but have different spellings. British English often keeps more traditional ways of spelling words than American English. Many of the British English rules are also used in other countries outside of the United Kingdom. Most of those countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Vocabulary
In British English, "dock" refers to the water in the space between two "piers" or "wharfs". In American English, the "pier" or "wharf" could be called a "dock", and the water between would be a "slip".

Some common differences:

British English – American English
 accelerator – throttle
 autumn – fall
 biscuit – cookie
 bonnet – hood (of a car)
 boot – trunk (of a car)
 bum – butt
 caravan – travel trailer, mobile home
 chips – French fries
 courgette – zucchini
 crisps – chips (especially potato chips)
 care home - assisted living facility\home
 sweets - candy
 face flannel – washcloth
 flat – apartment
 football – soccer
 garden – yard
 bungalow - ranch house
 handbag – purse
 jumper – sweater
 lift – elevator
 lorry – truck
 manual gearbox – stick shift
 metro, underground, tube – subway
 motorway – freeway
 mum – mom
 nappy – diaper
 number plate – license plate
 pants - underpants
 pavement – sidewalk
 lower ground floor - basement
 ground floor - first\main floor
 let - rent or lease
 fuzz\coppers - police, the cops
 knackered - exhausted, tired
 aeroplane - airplane
 pram – stroller
 petrol – gas or gasoline
 phone box - phone booth
 post – mail, mailbox
 railway – railroad
 shopping trolley – shopping cart
 loo – toilet
 take-away – take-out
 trousers – pants - Only Superman wears his pants outside of his trousers
 torch – flashlight
 tram – streetcar
 holiday - vacation

Other websites
 British and American English differences

References

British English