Heinz Waaske (1924 – 1995) was a German camera designer, notably father of the Rollei 35.

Early career
Born in Berlin, Heinz Waaske started his career as a precision mechanic apprentice at Telefunken in Sickingenstraße in Berlin, where he studied from 1939 to 1942. After serving in the German army during World War II, being severely wounded and taken prisoner, he joined Krenzin in Berlin-Kreuzberg.  There he encountered camera technology for the first time, and developed a great taste for it.  For financial reasons, he could not study engineering. He started designing a 16mm miniature camera in his spare time, and sold the prototype in 1948 for 3.000 Marks.

Work with Wirgin

From 1948, Waaske transferred to the Wirgin brothers company in Wiesbaden. He worked as a precision mechanic and soon rose to head of the prototype workshop, to technical designer, and eventually to chief designer. He first improved the medium format 6x9 cameras, allowing cheaper manufacturing procedures.

By then a chief designer, he decided to design a mirror reflex camera, which materialised as the Edixa miniature reflex. Wirgin joined the club of the renowned mirror reflex manufacturers. Waaske further designed all the successors to the Edixa, including the Edixamat reflex and the Edixa Electronica.

When he designed the Edixa 16, Waaske had to design the shutter himself, as suppliers could not provide sufficiently small mechanisms.  The Edixa 16 was a camera using the 16 mm film cartridges by Rollei, a cheaper alternative to the expensive Rollei cameras.

Waaske had understood that there was a market for small cameras which would use 135 film rather than the ultra-miniature formats.  He made the design in his living room and had Wirgin Musterbau manufacture the parts for the prototype.  When Waaske showed the prototype to Wirgin Musterbau, he was told "So, you've wasted my time and my equipment for your own projects?" Wirgin then left the camera business and the company closed.

At the time, the only other camera manufacturers were Leitz and Kodak, who had no interest in hiring Waaske.

Career with Rollei

Waaske joined Rollei in January 1965, and at first did not mention his attempts for a compact 135 camera.  The chief of development, Richard Weiß, had him work on the Rolleiflex SL 26.

When Waaske showed his pocket camera prototype to Heinrich Peesel, the head of Rollei, he was so enthusiastic about it that he decided the camera should immediately be developed further by Waaske for mass production, but using parts only from Rollei's suppliers.

The Rollei 35 was introduced at photokina 1966 and became instantly an international success.

Later, Waaske introduced improvements in the loading system of small format reflex cameras which were mass-produced with the Rollei Rolleiflex SL2000F.

Waaske's last contribution to Rollei was the Rolleimatic, which was designed to be as easy to use as the Instamatic camera, but use the 135 format, allowing for a better image quality.  Waaske resigned his position at Rollei in 1978, before the introduction of the Rolleimatic on the market, in 1980.

Career as independent engineer
From 1978, Waaske had his own technical design office in Braunschweig, working not only on cameras but also, for instance, on loudspeaker systems which went into production with Blaupunkt. His work was characterised by a "technical minimalism", with small and scarce pieces providing as many functions as possible.

Waaske was very inclined towards practical usefulness, and he was very critical of the  collection edition of the Rollei 35, with casing made of precious metal. His aim was at providing compact and functional to everybody. He also tartly rejected requests for designing military equipment, arguing that after his experience of the Second World War, he had had enough with war.

He died in 1995 in Braunschweig, and a street of the city was named Heinz Waaske Weg in his honour.

Works

For Wirgin
 Small format cameras:
 Edixa Reflex (also known as "Komet")
 Edixa Electronica leaf shutter automatic SLR
 Edixa Stereo
 16 mm subminiature cameras:
 Edixa 16, Edixa 16M, Edixa 16MB (black model) with a Schneider Kreuznach Xenar 25mm/2.8 lens
 Franka 16 with Rodenstock Trinar 25mm/2.8 lens
 Alka 16 with Isco Travegar 2,8/25mm lens

For Rollei

 Small format:
 Rollei 35 with Carl Zeiss Tessar 40mm/3.5 lens and Compur shutter (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500)
 Rollei 35S with Carl Zeiss Sonnar 40mm/2.8 lens.
 Rolleimatic

 110 "Pocket" Film
 Rollei E110 Carl Zeiss Tessar 25mm/2.8 lens
 Rollei A110 Carl Zeiss Tessar 25mm/2.8 lens
 "Instamatic" Film
 Rollei A26, Carl Zeiss Sonnar 40/3.5 lens

As independent designer
 1978 medium format (4,5 x 6 cm) for Minox
 1981
 Small format SLR with loading magazine
 Ultracompact Rangefinder camera with interchangeable lens for Minox
 Cassette film system for Zeiss microscope systems
 1984 misc work for Blaupunkt
 1987 Robot space exploration camera
 1990 automatic cameras for space safety

Bibliography
 Jorgen Eikmann, Ulrich Voigt: Kameras für Millionen, Heinz Waaske: Konstrukteur Wittig Fachbuch 1997,
 Claus Prochnow: Rollei 35 – Eine Kamerageschichte Appelhans Verlag,
 Claus Prochnow: Rollei Report 3, Lindemanns Verlag,
 Udo Afalter: Eine Kamera erobert den Weltmarkt 25 Jahre Rollei 35, Eigenverlag 1990, , 140 Seiten -1. und 2. Auflage vergriffen-
 Udo Afalter: Eine Kamera erobert den Weltmarkt Rollei 35 Kameras & lense, Lindemanns Verlag 3. überarbeitete Auflage 1994 -vergriffen-

References

External links
 Heinz Waaske on Camerapedia
  on Rolleiclub

1924 births
1995 deaths
20th-century German inventors
German prisoners of war in World War II
Engineers from Berlin
People from Braunschweig
People from the Province of Brandenburg
Wirgin people
Rollei people
20th-century German engineers

Heinz Waaske


Sutherland's Drug Store is a small family-owned drug store in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. The company was established in Fort McMurray, Alberta by Angus Sutherland in 1918 and expanded into the Yellowknife gold fields during the rush in 1938. Its first store was located in Old Town Yellowknife and was managed by Walter Hill and Keith Miller. The store closed during the war but reopened and expanded following the post-war gold boom. In 1948, the Old Town store was physically moved to the new downtown development and a second store was built in Old Town. Two stores were run by the chain into the 1950s. In 1951, Doug and Wilma Finlayson and A.L. Blackberg bought the Sutherland chain following the death of Angus Sutherland. In 1954, the Old Town store closed; in 1956, the current downtown store was built and the original store brought up from Old Town years previous was rented to commercial tenants. Sutherland's Drug Store continues to operate today in its expanded storefront and successfully competes with larger department stores in Yellowknife.

The second Old Town store built in 1947 still exists today and was used for various commercial purposes after 1954 including: the Rex Cafe, the Yellowknifer newspaper office, the Woodstove Shop, and is now used as residential apartments on School Draw Avenue.

References

Buildings and structures in Yellowknife

Sutherland's Drug Store


A hearing test is a check for a person's sense of hearing to measure what kind of sounds they can hear and if they have any hearing loss. There are many types of hearing tests used to understand different things about a person's hearing. Hearing tests are also different for adults and children as well. It is mainly audiologists that do hearing tests and they will know what kind of hearing test a patient needs.

Types of hearing tests
Since hearing loss does not always only make sound quieter and may make sound less clear too, there are many different hearing tests to use to understand what kind of hearing loss a person has.

Pure Tone Audiometry - the most common type of hearing test. A patient will listen to different sounds which are called pure tones. These sounds will be in different frequencies and softest sounds that can be heard are recorded. The two types of pure tone audiometry are air and bone conduction. If the results from these tests are different, this means that there is a problem with the outer and middle ear.
Air Conduction - a type of tone test that uses earphones placed inside the ear
Bone Conduction - a type of tone  test that uses a small vibrator placed behind the ear that sends sound through the skull into the inner ear
Speech Recognition Test - used to measure how much a person can understand speech which it is at a normal noise level by making them repeat words that are heard. This tests how clear sound is
Hearing In Noise Test - similar to the speech recognition test, it is done by making the patient repeat words they hear. This will happen both in a quiet space as well as a noisy space and sound will come from different directions
Tympanogram - a small instrument is placed inside the ear and air is pumped in to change the air pressure. This test will show if there is a problem with the middle ear or ear drum
Acoustic Reflex Measures - test to find where the hearing problem is. The middle ear has a muscle that moves when there is loud sound. Measuring how loud sounds are before it stops moving can give information on where the hearing problem is in the ear.
Static Acoustic Impedance - measures how much air is inside the ear canal. Can tell if ear drum has a hole in it
Auditory Brainstem Response - tests the inner ear and brain. Electrodes are used to measure brain activity when sound is present.

Hearing

Hearing test


Strategy is a word which was first used by the military. It comes from an ancient Greek word for the general officer commanding all the armed forces of a state. A strategy is a long term plan on what to do to achieve a certain goal.  When talking about the near future, people often use the word tactics.  Military theorist Carl von Clausewitz said "tactics is the art of using troops in battle; strategy is the art of using battles to win the war". Today, the word "strategy" is in common use; people might talk about "business strategy", for example.

The distinction between strategy and tactics applies to any planning which might be done against an enemy or opponent. Strategy is what we broadly intend to do to reach our long-term goal or objective. Tactics is the detailed steps which are used as our progress is opposed by the opponent. For this reason, tactics are short-scale and flexible. Strategy, on the other hand, is changed as little as possible. It may be that our goal simply cannot be reached. In that case, a search goes on for a new goal and a new or adjusted strategy. Often, in war, chess or business, roughly the same tactics are still used to get to a different goal. Negotiation is another area where the distinction between strategy and tactics is especially clear.

References

Bibliography
Clausewitz, Carl von. 1989. On War, trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
Gray, Colin S. 1999. Modern Strategy. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
Liddell Hart, Basil. H. 1967. Strategy. New York: Praeger.
Luttwak, Edward. 2001. Strategy: the logic of war and peace. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
Sun Tzu. 1963. The Art of War. trans. Samuel B. Griffith. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
Watson, John 1998. Secrets of modern chess strategy: advances since Nimzowitsch. Gambit, London.

Military
Games

Strategy


"Struggle for Pleasure" is a musical piece released in 1983 by Belgian composer Wim Mertens. It is the theme music used by the Belgian phone operator Proximus. It was featured in the Peter Greenaway movie The Belly of an Architect.  Energy 52's track "Café Del Mar" features a main melody based on "Struggle for Pleasure".  It was also covered by Belgian dance music group Minimalistix in 2000 and reached dance charts across Europe.

Notes and references

1983 songs
Minimalistic compositions

Struggle for Pleasure


A sniper is a person who is trained to shoot perfectly at things that are very small or very far away. The sniper's target is usually an enemy. Many military snipers get special training to use a sniper rifle, a special type of gun. Most sniper rifles have a telescope called a sniper scope to help the sniper see the target. Snipers are also trained to be stealthy. Snipers hide or use military camouflage such as a ghillie suit that looks like (and may include some of) the surrounding foliage so that it is hard for the enemy to see them. A sniper is also called a "marksman".

Experienced hunters often share many of the skills that long range shooters need to know. The two jobs are very similar. The word "sniper" came from Britain when highly accurate shooters would hunt–also known as "snipe"–birds that were very hard to see and shoot.

Many police departments have snipers on their SWAT teams. Because police snipers do not always perform the same tasks as military snipers, police snipers are sometimes known as "marksmen".

Sniping
Snipers shoot targets that are far away. Because the bullet shot by a sniper has to travel a very long distance, the sniper has to be very careful when taking aim. There are three main things that have an effect on the accuracy of the shot. The sniper must plan for these things.
 The target may be moving, such as walking or running. A sniper must think about where the target will be when the bullet reaches it. A still target might move suddenly.
 The force of gravity affects the bullet, so that it will drop towards the ground. If the target is close, the effect of gravity does not have a big effect on the accuracy. If the target is far distant, then the sniper must judge how high to shoot, to make up for the distance that the bullet will fall as it flies.
 Wind affects the way in which a bullet will travel and can blow it away from the target. The sniper must think about the direction that the wind is blowing and the strength of the wind. The sniper might need to shoot to the left or the right of the target, to make up for the wind.

The bullets used by snipers are usually heavy. They are powered by a large amount of gunpowder. This makes the bullet travel very fast. The heaviness makes the bullet less affected by wind. The speed makes the bullet less affected by gravity. A fast bullet reaches a target quicker, before it has time for gravity to affect it. Large fast bullets do more damage to the target than lighter or slower bullets.

Accuracy
Most soldiers are trained so that they can shoot a target that is between  to  away and hit it with approximately half their shots. Very well trained soldiers, such as the U.S. Marine Corps, can hit a target that is between  to  away, with approximately half of their shots. A sniper is trained to be able to hit a target over , or half a mile away with almost every single shot. Some snipers are so accurate that they can shoot something out of a person's hand, but they usually aim for the target's head or chest. These areas are harder to miss, and are more likely to disable the target.

Sniper rifles

A sniper uses a special kind of rifle called a sniper rifle. This rifle is much more accurate than normal rifles. Almost all sniper rifles use a Sniper scope, a special telescope that allows them to see targets very far away. There are two different kinds of sniper rifles: bolt action rifles, which fire a single shot and then must be readied for the next shot, and semi-automatic ("semi-auto") rifles which fire a single shot each time the trigger is pulled.

Typically, bolt-action rifles have a longer range and are more accurate than semi-automatic rifles, however the rate of fire is slower than a semi-automatic rifle, which fires as fast as the shooter can squeeze the trigger. At close ranges, or where a shooter must make a quick follow-up shot, a sniper may prefer to use a semi-automatic rifle instead.
A magazine is used on semi automatic rifles and most bolt action rifles. Magazines hold more shots in the gun and make it much faster to ready the next shot.

Camouflage

Snipers usually wear camouflage clothing, to avoid being seen. Camouflage works by hiding the outline and shape of the human body, so that it is not easily seen. Camouflage does not work very well when the person wearing it is moving because the eye sees movement much better than shapes or colors. Snipers often paint their faces green or black to make them shine less, and blend in with the surroundings. Sometimes snipers wear special camouflage suits, called ghillie suits. Ghillie suits are made of shredded burlap or yute and often have plants attached to them. Snipers will often make several different ghillie suits to help them hide in different kinds of terrain. These suits are very effective at hiding the sniper. Often a sniper can be invisible to an enemy standing right next to him.

Police snipers generally do not need camouflage, because their main job is to make accurate shots, not to hide from the criminal. Sometimes police need to hide, so police snipers are trained in hiding techniques.

Snipers in War

Military snipers are chosen for their intelligence, their good sight and their ability to shoot very well. They are trained to use their sight very well. They are trained to see the enemy from far away, and to notice small movements that might show that enemies are near. They are also trained to hide themselves. Snipers use these skills to destroy enemy troops. Snipers generally work in a small unit (or team) of just two people, a sniper and a spotter. The spotter finds targets for the sniper with a telescope. If the sniper misses the target, then the spotter also helps the sniper adjust the next shot so it hits the target. The spotter also protects the sniper from enemies at close range.

Snipers are often used as scouts for the army because they can easily hide themselves from the enemy, even when they are close. They use the sniper scope on their rifles to see farther than most soldiers are able to see. Snipers are often able to notice details and remember information that ordinary soldiers would not. When a sniper is in a team with a spotter, it is usually the spotter's job to use a radio to speak with other military units. The team can report on the enemy position and enemy movements.

Snipers in World War I and II

In World War I (WWI), there were no special sniper rifles. Instead, snipers used normal rifles with a sniper scope mounted on them.

In World War II, snipers were common. They were an important part of the fighting. Every squad of the Soviet army included sniper or a 'marksman'. Camouflage tactics were developed during this time. Snipers were very useful during the Battle of Stalingrad. One Russian sniper was said to have killed over 240 German troops. Even that wasn't the best. Mihail Surkov killed 702 enemy troops and Semen Nomokonov killed 367 by sniping, including a general.

Police snipers
Police departments train and use snipers. These snipers mainly serve on the SWAT team for their department. Often they are called upon to provide security at special events, or to make sure that other snipers do not murder someone. This job is called counter-sniping. Most police snipers are trained by the military.

Famous snipers
Some snipers are famous for having killed hundreds of enemy soldiers. One such sniper is U.S. Marine Corps sniper Carlos Hathcock, who was famous in the Vietnam War for wearing a white feather in his hat. Other snipers are famous for being able to kill an enemy from very far away. Carlos Hathcock held the record for the furthest distance kill for a very long time – his farthest was over . However, in the Afghanistan War, snipers from the Canadian Army broke the record with a shot of . Other snipers are known for difficult shots. For example, Matt Hughes had to make a  shot in very high winds by aiming over  to the left of the enemy. An example of a famous sniper in WWII is Vasily Zaytsev. He supposedly killed 225 enemy soldiers during the Battle of Stalingrad.

Simo Häyhä (the White Death,bielaja smjert) has more documented kills than any other sniper in history.

Snipers in popular culture
Snipers are often used in video games as elite soldiers. Getting a headshot with a sniper rifle is thought of as a hard skill to learn. In some movies, assassins use sniper rifles; examples include Phone Booth and Vantage Point. Sometimes snipers have a bad reputation in the media; for example, in October 2002 two men went on a month long killing spree using a Sniper rifle in the Virginia and Maryland area.

Related pages
 Commando
 Infantry
 Special Forces

References

Other websites

 How Military Snipers Work.
 World War II - German sniper training film
Military occupations

Sniper


Lope de Vega (also Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) (25 November 1562 – 27 August 1635) was a Spanish Baroque playwright and poet. His reputation in the world of Spanish letters is second only to that of Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequalled:
he is estimated to have written between 1,500 and 2,500 fully-fledged plays – of which some 425 have survived until the modern day – together with a plethora of shorter dramatic and poetic works.

He was "The Phoenix of Wits" and "Monster of Nature" by Miguel de Cervantes because he did so much work. Lope de Vega renewed the Spanish theatre when people were becoming interested in it. Along with Calderón de la Barca and Tirso de Molina, he improved Spanish theater. He is considered a great dramatist and his plays are often performed. He is also one of the famous Spanish poets and authors.

Life
Lope de Vega was born in Madrid to a non-notable family, who came to the capital from Valle de Carriedo in Cantabria recently. Félix de Vega, the bread winner of the family, was an embroiderer.

1562 births
1635 deaths
Spanish poets
Spanish playwrights

Lope de Vega


Smaug is a fictional dragon from The Hobbit. He is the main villain of the J.R.R. Tolkien book and it's adaptations. The author called him a "most specially, greedy, strong and wicked worm".

Fictional biography
Smaug is one of the most feared dragons on Middle-earth. He decided to sleep in a pile of gold until Bilbo Baggins woke him up. Smaug knows that Bilbo is after the Arkenstone. He left the area and decided to fly to Lake-town and ravage it with fire. He was killed by Bard the Bowman with an arrow.

Peter Jackson trilogy (2012-2014)
In The Hobbit movie trilogy, Smaug's motion capture and voice were done by Benedict Cumberbatch. He is digitally created by Weta Digital and is considered one of the most impressive features of the trilogy, specifically the end of the second movie. In the third movie, his death helped Sauron let his armies roam free.

Other media
Smaug, voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch became an interviewed guest for a December 2014 episode of The Colbert Report with clips from the third movie.

Fictional characters introduced in 1937
Fictional dragons
Characters in The Hobbit

Smaug


1628 was a leap year.

Events
 March 1 – writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
 August 10 – The Swedish 64 gun sailing ship Vasa sinks on her maiden voyage in the Stockholm harbor
 September 6 – Puritans settle Salem which will later become part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
 October 28–Siege of La Rochelle ends with the surrender of the Huguenots.
 Charles I reconvenes the English Parliament and accepts the Petition of Right as a concession to gain his subsidies.
 Island of Santorini explodes.
 John Felton assassinates George Villiers, duke of Buckingham.
 William Harvey publishes his findings about blood circulation.
 The Collegiate School, today the oldest educational institution in North America, is established.
 Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus, by William Harvey, is published.

1628


David Breakenridge Read (13 June 1823 – 11 May 1904) was a Canadian lawyer, educator, author, and Mayor of Toronto in 1858. Read was Mayor of Toronto from November 11, 1858 to December 31, 1858. He served a mere 50 days, thus making him the shortest-serving Mayor of that city.

Born in Merrickville, Ontario, the sixth child of John Landon Read [1789-??] and Janet Breakenridge [1795-1832]. Read was educated in Brockville, and, at the age of thirteen, was accepted into Toronto's Upper Canada College. Four years later, 1840, he was admitted to the Law Society of Upper Canada. Read began his law articles while working for George Sherwood in Brockville. His studies were finished with John Ross in Belleville and then John Willoughby Crawford in Toronto. Read was admitted into the bar in 1845. He then began a law practice which became successful. In 1845 he served as Barrister at Law.

He married Emily Ballard, born 1827, daughter of Norman Ballard. The couple had seven children.

In November 1855, he was elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada. The next year, Read was appointed by Attorney General John A.MacDonald to a commission to revise the statutes of Upper Canada. Read served as a junior commissioner and was the commission's secretary. In 1858, he was elected to Toronto City Council as alderman for St Patrick's Ward. Council appointed him Mayor of Toronto on November 11, 1858 after his predecessor, William Henry Boulton, announced his resignation. He served in that post until December 31 of that year, when Adam Wilson was elected to take that post. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.

Read continued to serve in the Law Society until his retirement in April 1881 at the age of 55. In November 1902, at the age of 79, Read suffered a stroke that would leave him bedridden for the final year and half until his death. He died on May 11, 1904, and was buried among many of his colleagues in a private funeral at St. James Cemetery in Toronto.

References

External links

1823 births
1904 deaths
Mayors of Toronto
Burials at St. James Cemetery, Toronto

David Breakenridge Read


Richard Todd is a Canadian retired ice hockey coach.  He has the second most wins by a coach in Ontario Hockey League history. Todd got his start as a coach with the Peterborough Petes in the 1970s as a trainer and worked his way up, becoming the team's head coach in 1982. Unlike the vast majority of hockey coaches, Todd never played the game at a high level. He led the team for the next eleven years, winning the J. Ross Robertson Cup in 1989 and 1993. Todd was awarded the Matt Leyden Trophy as OHL Coach of the Year in 1987–88. He also led Canada to a gold medal at the 1991 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. In 1993 Todd took a job as an assistant coach with the New York Rangers, winning a Stanley Cup with them in 1994. He retired in 1998, but came back as coach of the Petes in 2004. In his final two years with the team Todd recorded his 500th career victory. He did this faster than any other coach in Major Junior A hockey history, accomplishing the milestone in just 813 games. He also led the Petes to another OHL title before retiring again at the close of the 2005–06 OHL season.

References

External links

Living people
New York Rangers coaches
Peterborough Petes coaches
Stanley Cup champions
Year of birth missing (living people)

Dick Todd (ice hockey)


Aker BioMarine is a Norwegian fishing and biotech company providing krill products through a fully documented and secured catch and process chain. Based in Oslo, Aker BioMarine is part of the Aker Group and the company also created Eco-Harvesting.

History
Aker BioMarine was established as an independent enterprise in 2006, building on years of deep-sea fishing experience as part of Norway's Aker Group. Its previous business activities were with the exception of the biotechnology company Natural, previously organized under Aker Seafoods Holding, a 100 percent subsidiary of Aker ASA. In 2003, Aker BioMarine began harvesting and processing Antarctic krill. Aker BioMarine claims to solve the problem of harvesting krill in both a commercially viable and environmentally sound way through its proprietary Aker ECO-Harvesting technology. The company re-listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange on July 6, 2020.

Technology and products
Aker BioMarine produces krill products rich in omega-3 phospholipids. Krill is mainly used for the production of krill meal and krill oil, which in turn is used for animal or aquaculture feed and for human consumption through health products and omega-3 supplements.

The company has registered Superba as the company's brand name for nutraceuticals and Qrill as the company's brand name for its krill meal and krill oil products for aquaculture.

As for research, a 2009 study of Superba krill oil found that it gave a substantially larger reduction of fat in the heart and the liver than omega-3 from fish oil. A clinical study in children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) suggests that Superba krill oil offered significant improvements in both clinical scores and in identified EEG patterns as compared to typical ADHD EEG patterns. In one study, krill-fed salmon acquired 11% greater body weight than that of the fish in the control group.

In 2011, krill oil was classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a human food ingredient. In one study, krill-fed salmon acquired 11% greater body weight than that of the fish in the control group.

The company uses eco-harvesting, a technology that brings live krill on board the boat and prevents the unnecessary by-catch such as birds and sea mammals. It also reduces the waste incurred by traditional methods when a proportion of the catch at the bottom of the net is rendered unusable through pressure from the rest as it is hauled aboard.

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certified ECO-HARVESTING as sustainable on June 15, 2010. As of 2013, Aker BioMarine is the only krill fishery to achieve this distinction.

Awards and accomplishments
Aside from Superba receiving GRAS status and achieving MSC certification, the company received the "Investment in the Future Award 2012" from Nutrition Business Journal. Aker BioMarine received the award for "strategically investing more than $550 million to build out the krill supply chain in the Antarctic with a long-term focus on sustainable harvesting".

Memberships and associations
Aker BioMarine works closely with WWF-Norway and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) as well as independent scientists and marine conservationists to ensure that the company contributes to the well-being of the krill fishery and the Antarctic food chain. To that end, Aker BioMarine is a founding member of the Association of Responsible Krill harvesting companies (ARK), which works with CCAMLR to ensure a healthy and sustainable krill population in Antarctica.

References

External links

Aker ASA
Seafood companies of Norway
Companies based in Oslo
Food and drink companies established in 2006
Norwegian companies established in 2006
Fishing companies

Aker BioMarine


Dagobert I (;  605/603 – 19 January 639 AD) was King of the Franks. He ruled Austrasia (623–634) and Neustria and Burgundy (629–639). He has been described as the last king of the Merovingian dynasty to wield real royal power. Dagobert was the first Frankish king to be buried in the royal tombs at the Basilica of Saint-Denis.

Rule in Austrasia
Dagobert was the eldest son of Chlothar II and Haldetrude (575–604) and the grandson of Fredegund. Chlothar had reigned alone over all the Franks since 613. In 622, Chlothar made Dagobert king of Austrasia, almost certainly to bind the Austrasian nobility to the ruling Franks. As a child, Dagobert lived under the care of the Carolingian dynasty forebears and Austrasian magnates, Arnulf of Metz and Pepin of Landen.

Chlothar attempted to manage the unstable alliances he had with other noble families throughout much of Dagobert's reign. When Chlothar granted Austrasia to Dagobert, he initially excluded Alsace, the Vosges, and the Ardennes, but shortly thereafter the Austrasian nobility forced him to concede these regions to Dagobert. The rule of a Frank from the Austrasian heartland tied Alsace more closely to the Austrasian court. Dagobert created a new duchy (the later Duchy of Alsace) in southwest Austrasia to guard the region from Burgundian or Alemannic encroachments and ambitions. The duchy comprised the Vosges, the Burgundian Gate, and the Transjura. Dagobert made his courtier Gundoin—who incidentally established monasteries in Alsace and Burgundy—the first duke of this new polity that was to last until the end of the Merovingian dynasty. While Austrasian rulers such as Chlothar and Dagobert controlled these regions through part of the seventh-century, they eventually became autonomous kingdoms as powerful aristocratic families sought separate paths across their respective realms.

United rule

Upon the death of his father in 629, Dagobert inherited the Neustrian and Burgundian kingdoms. His half-brother Charibert, son of Sichilde, claimed Neustria but Dagobert opposed him. Brodulf, brother of Sichilde, petitioned Dagobert on behalf of his young nephew, but Dagobert assassinated him and became sole king of the Franks. He later gave the Aquitaine to Charibert as a "consolation prize." In 629, Dagobert concluded a treaty with the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, which entailed enforcing the compulsory baptism of Jews throughout his kingdom. Besides signing this treaty, Dagobert also took steps to secure trade across his empire by protecting important markets along the mouth of the Rhine at Duurstede and Utrecht, which in part explains his later determination to defend the Austrasian Franks from the Avar menace.

Under the rule of Dagobert's father and like-minded Merovingians, Frankish society during the seventh-century experienced greater integration—the Catholic faith became predominant for instance—and a generally improved economic situation, but there was no initial impetus for the political unification of Gaul. Clothar II did not seek to force his Neustrian neighbors into submission, choosing instead a policy of cooperation. This did not prohibit plunder-raids to replenish the dynastic coffers, which Dagobert undertook in Spain for example—one raid there earned him 200,000 gold solidi. Historian Ian Wood claims that Dagobert "was probably richer than most Merovingian monarchs" and cites for example his assistance to the Visigoth Sisenand—whom he aided in his rise to the Visigothic throne in Spain—and for which, Sisenand awarded Dagobert a golden dish weighing some .

When Charibert and his son Chilperic were assassinated in 632, Dagobert had Burgundy and Aquitaine firmly under his rule, becoming the most powerful Merovingian king in many years and the most respected ruler in the West. In 631, Dagobert led a large army against Samo, the ruler of the Slavic Wends, partly at the request of the Germanic peoples living in the eastern territories and also due to Dagobert's quarrel with him about the Wends having robbed and killed a number of Frankish merchants. While Dagobert's Austrasian forces were defeated at the Wogastisburg, his Alemannic and Lombard allies were successful in repelling the Wends. Taking advantage of the situation at the time, the Saxons offered to help Dagobert if he agreed to rescind the 500 cow yearly tribute to the Austrasians. Despite accepting this agreement, Fredegar reports that it was to little avail  since the Wends attacked again the following year.

Rule in Neustria, from Paris
Also in 632, the nobles of Austrasia revolted under the mayor of the palace, Pepin of Landen. In 634, Dagobert appeased the rebellious nobles by putting his three-year-old son, Sigebert III, on the throne, thereby ceding royal power in the easternmost of his realms, just as his father had done for him eleven years earlier. In historian Ian Wood's view, Dagobert's creation of a sub-kingdom for his son Sigibert had "important long-term implications for the general structure of Merovingian Francia."

As king, Dagobert made Paris his capital. During his reign, he built the Altes Schloss in Meersburg (in modern Germany), which today is the oldest inhabited castle in that country. Devoutly religious, Dagobert was also responsible for the construction of the Saint Denis Basilica at the site of a Benedictine monastery in Paris. He also appointed St. Arbogast bishop of Strasbourg. Dagobert was beloved in many ways according to Fredegar, who wrote that "He rendered justice to rich and poor alike," adding that, "he took little sleep or food, and cared only so to act that all men should leave his presence full of joy and admiration." Such images do not fully convey the power and domination wielded by Frankish kings like Dagobert, who along with his father Chlothar, reigned to such a degree that historian Patrick Geary described the period of their combined rule as the "apogee of Merovingian royal power."

Dagobert went down in history as one of the greatest Frankish kings, in spite of his mediocre military record (cf. his defeats by the Saxons and the Wends), having held his lands against the eastern hordes and with noblemen as far away as Bavaria, who sought his overlordship.  Only thirty six when he died, Dagobert is considered the last of the great Merovingian kings by most historians, but this does not mean there was a major waning in Frankish power, especially in light of the writings of Paul the Deacon and John of Toledo. J.M. Wallace-Hadrill stated that Dagobert "had the ruthless energy of a Clovis and the cunning of a Charlemagne." Despite having more or less united the Frankish realms, he likely was not expecting unitary rule to continue given the diverging interests of the Austrasian and Neustrian Franks, atop those of the Aquitanians and Burgundians. Upon Dagobert's death in 639, Pepin of Landen was able to recoup his position at Metz. Meanwhile, Dagobert was buried in the abbey of Saint Denis Basilica, Paris, the first Frankish king to be buried there. Dagobert's interment at Saint-Denis established a precedent for the burial of future French rulers there.

Legacy
The pattern of division and assassination, which characterized king Dagobert's reign, continued for the next century until Pepin the Short finally deposed the last Merovingian king in 751, establishing the Carolingian dynasty.  The Merovingian boy-kings remained ineffective rulers who inherited the throne as young children and lived only long enough to produce a male heir or two, while real power lay in the hands of the noble families who exercised feudal control over most of the land.

In the 830s, a biography of Dagobert, the Gesta Dagoberti, was written, probably by Hincmar. It is mostly unreliable, but does contains some information based on authentic archival documents. Dagobert was immortalized in the song Le bon roi Dagobert (The Good King Dagobert), a nursery rhyme featuring exchanges between the king and his chief adviser, Saint Eligius (Eloi in French). The satirical rhymes place Dagobert in various ridiculous positions from which Eligius' good advice manages to extract him. The text, which probably originated in the 18th century, became extremely popular as an expression of the anti-monarchist sentiment of the French Revolution. Other than placing Dagobert and Eligius in their respective roles, it has no historical accuracy.

In 1984, a 112 minute long French-Italian comedy, Le bon roi Dagobert (Good King Dagobert) was made, based on Dagobert I. The soundtrack was composed by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis, Starring	Ugo Tognazzi, Coluche and Michel Serrault.

Marriage and children
According to the Chronicle of Fredegar Dagobert I had "three queens almost simultaneously, as well as several concubines". The rex Brittanorum Judicael came to Clichy to visit Dagobert I, but opted not to dine with him due to his misgivings about Dagobert's moral choices, instead dining with the king's referendary St. Audoen.

The Chronicle of Fredegar names three queens. Nanthild, Wulfegundis, and Berchildis, but none of the concubines. In 625/6 Dagobert married Gormatrude, a sister of his father's wife Sichilde. The marriage was childless. After divorcing Gormatrude in 629/30 he made Nanthild, a Saxon servant (puella) from his personal entourage, his new queen. She gave birth to Clovis II (b. 634/5) later king of Neustria and Burgundy.

Shortly after his marriage to Nanthild, a woman called Ragnetrude bore Dagobert I a son, Sigebert III (b. 630/1) later king of Austrasia. It has been speculated that Regintrud, abbess of Nonnberg Abbey, was also a child of Dagobert I, although this theory does not fit Regintrud's supposed date of birth between 660 and 665. She married into the Bavarian Agilolfing family, either Theodo of Bavaria or his son Theodbert of Bavaria.

Coinage and treasures under Dagobert

Treasures of Dagobert

Coinage

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 A translation of Brother's Grimm Saga, King Dagobert's Soul in the Ship

Merovingian kings
605 births
639 deaths
Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
7th-century Frankish kings

Dagobert I


Revesz syndrome is a fatal disease that causes exudative retinopathy and bone marrow failure.  Other symptoms include severe aplastic anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, fine sparse hair, fine reticulate skin pigmentation, ataxia due to cerebellar hypoplasia, and cerebral calcifications. Its effects are similar to that of Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. It is a variant of dyskeratosis congenita.

Cause
Revesz syndrome is a genetic disease  thought to be caused by short telomeres.  Patients with Revesz syndrome have presented with heterozygous mutations in TINF2 gene which is located on chromosome 14q12.  There is no treatment for this disease yet.

Diagnosis

Epidemiology
Revesz syndrome has so far been observed only in children. There is not much information about the disease because of its low frequency in general population and under reporting of cases.

History
The syndrome is named after the author of the original case published in 1992. The patient was a 6-month-old male from Sudan. At 7 months, the patient developed aplastic anemia, and subsequently died at 19 months. A second case was reported in 1994 in a young girl in Hungary. She had many of the same symptoms as the child in Sudan. A third case, reported in Calicut, India,  was that of a 5-year-old girl who also had additional features of retinal detachment and retinitis pigmentosa, which are unreported in this syndrome.

See also
 List of cutaneous conditions

Footnotes

References

External links

Disturbances of human pigmentation
Neurological disorders
Hepatology
Syndromes
Nucleus diseases

Revesz syndrome


Australian Screen Editors (ASE) was founded in 1996 by Henry Dangar (who became its first president) and Jenny Ward. The guild is "dedicated to the pursuit and recognition of excellence in the arts, sciences and technology of motion picture and televisual post production. It aims to promote, improve and protect the role of editor as an essential and significant contributor to all screen productions."

The current President of ASE is Fiona Strain. Immediate past presidents include Deborah Peart, Dany Cooper, Jason Ballantine, Karen Pearlman, Lindi Harrison and Peter Whitmore. It currently has about 500 members in all Australian states, predominantly in NSW and Victoria.

Membership
Applications for ASE membership are invited from professional screen editors, assistant editors, students of screen editing and associated film industry professionals. Applicants must have a folio of significant editorial work in film and/or television. There are three types of memberships: Full members, associate members and student members. Some notable members such as Jill Bilcock are members of both the Australian Screen Editors and American Cinema Editors. Members are not permitted to use the acronym "ASE" after their names on screen credits until they obtain ASE accreditation.

Accreditation
ASE accreditation is like an honorary degree given to members who have made a significant contribution to editing. There are currently 46 accredited members. Accreditation is presented at the annual ASE awards night and are given under the following guidelines.

It is an acknowledgement of a very strong body of work over a period of time.
It is given by editing peers and therefore has a high value attached to it.
It is an acknowledgement of an editor who has continued to pass on the craft of editing to those who want to learn.
It is an acknowledgement of an editor who has continued to work actively in promoting the values of good editing and editing practices.

Guild structure
The ASE has an executive committee based in Sydney (New South Wales) and sub committees in Melbourne (Victoria), Brisbane (Queensland),Perth (Western Australia) and Adelaide (South Australia), who meet monthly to discuss issues and organise events such as talks by industry professionals, technical events and screenings.

Resources
ASE owns and operates both "Editsearch", an online based bulletin board for ASE members providing information on editorial related jobs, and a mentor scheme, where younger or less experienced members can gain work experience with senior industry professionals. In addition, ASE also provides a wealth of resources such as an online forum, technical articles and information about Australian editing culture as well as the history of editing.  A newsletter is also published quarterly and distributed to members.

Awards
ASE awards and accreditation nights are held annually in Sydney. Eligible members are presented with their ASE accreditation during this ceremony. The ASE Award itself is called an "Ellie" and resembles a small bronze Elephant with its trunk up and the winning film as a rubber stamp on the bottom. It is presented in the following eleven categories:

Short film
TV (factual)
TV (drama)
TV (comedy)
Documentary
Documentary (series)
Documentary (program)
Feature film
Commercials
Music Video
Open Content

The award for TV (comedy) is the most recent addition to the categories, having been added in 2014.

Best Editing in a Feature Film

Best Editing in a Documentary Feature
2014: Once my Mother, Denise Haslem
2013: Show Me The Magic, Scott Walton
2012: Paul Kelly: Stories of Me, Sally Fryer
2011: Girls Own War Stories, Antoinette Ford
2010: My Asian Heart, Andrew Arestides
2009: A Good Man, Nicholas Beauman
2008: The Cars That Ate China, Andrew Arestides
2007: Choir of Hard Knocks, Steve Robinson
2006: Unfolding Florence, Nick Beauman

Best Editing in a Documentary Program
2014: Cronulla Riots – The Day That Shocked the Nation, Melanie Annan
2013: Buckskin, David Banbury
2012: A Law Unto Himself, Andrea Lang

Best Editing in a Documentary Series
2014: Kakadu – Ep 4, Caspar Mazzotti
2013: Desert War Ep 1, 'Tobruk', Lawrence Silvestrin
2012: Australian Story, 'Streets with No Names', Steven Baras-Miller

Best Editing in Television Drama
2014: Redfern Now: Where the Heart Is, Nicholas Holmes
2013: Devil's Dust Part 2, Katrina Barker
2012: The Slap, Episode 1 'Hector', Mark Atkin
2011: Spirited, Series 1, Episode 2, Martin Connor
2010: Packed to the Rafters, Episode 44, James Manche
2009: Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities, Episode 4, Deborah Peart
2008: Underbelly, Episode 9, Peter Carrodus
2007: Bastard Boys, Veronika Jenet
2006: The Society Murders, Ken Sallows

Best Editing in a Television Comedy
2014: The Moodys – Ep 1, Paul Swain

Best Editing in Television Factual
2014: Taking on the Chocolate Frog – Ep 1, Marcos Moro
2013: Kings Cross ER, Series 2, Ep 1, Bob Burns
2012: Go Back To Where You Came From, Series 2, Episode 1, Orly Danon
2011: On Trial, Episode 1, Denise Haslem
2010: The Science of Teens, Episode 4: Moods, Fiona Strain
2009: Bondi Vet, Episode 12, Dave Redman
2008: Charlotte & Jordans Runway to LA, Episode 2, Philippa Rowlands
2007: Jamie's Kitchen, Australia, Episode 5, Philippa Rowlands

Best Editing in a Commercial
2014: RACQ 'Rescue Me', Sue Schweikert
2013:  John West 'Running with the Bears', David Whittaker
2012: Volkswagen Tiguan 'Cross Country', Drew Thompson
2011: AB '3 Year Olds', Bernard Garry
2010: ANZ 'The Chase', Peter Whitmore
2008: Toyota 'Earth's Greatest 4WD', Drew Thompson

Best Editing in a Music Video
2014: Belle Roscoe 'Let Me Cut in', Scott Walmsley
2013: 'Come into My Head' Kimbra, John Gavin
2012: Angus Stone 'Bird on the Buffalo', Peter Barton
2011: Schvendes 'Lay the Noose', Matt Osborne
2010: The Thomas Oliver Band 'Goin' Home', Katie Hinsen

Best Editing in a Short film

Best Editing in Open Content
2014: Canon, Jessica Mutascio
2013: Fragments of Friday Ep 5, Ann Foo
2012: Event Zero, Episode 4, Julian Harvey

Accreditations
2014: Karin Steininger
2013: Christopher Branagan, Deborah Peart

Lifetime Membership Award
2014: Nicholas Beauman
2013: Mike Honey

See also
American Cinema Editors

External links
Official Website of the ASE

References

Film editing awards
Film organisations in Australia
1996 establishments in Australia
Organizations established in 1996

Australian Screen Editors


Deindustrialization or deindustrialisation is a process that happens in countries when machines are being removed or reduced from how work is done. This can cause social and economic change. It is the opposite of industrialization.

During the deindustrialisation of a country, many people leave factory jobs to do other jobs that require little or no machines.

Society
Industries

Deindustrialization


Henry Moret (12 December 1856 – 5 May 1913) was a French Impressionist painter. He was one of the artists who associated with Paul Gauguin at Pont-Aven in Brittany. He is best known for his involvement in the Pont-Aven artist colony and his richly colored landscapes of coastal Brittany.

Early life
Moret was born in Cherbourg, but little is known of his life until he began his military service in 1875. Jules La Villette, his commander in Lorient, who first noticed his artistic talents, introduced him to Ernest Corroller, a drawing teacher and marine painter. Corroller taught him the art of landscape painting as practiced by masters such as Corot and Courbet, enabling him to register at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where in 1876 he studied under Rudolf Lehmann, Jean-Léon Gérôme and later, from about 1880, under the history painter Jean-Paul Laurens at the Académie Julian.

Career
Moret first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1880, presenting La plage de Locqueltas à marée basse; côte de Bretagne. He maintained contacts with Corroller, often returning to Brittany. In 1888, he arrived in Pont-Aven which had begun to attract a number of artists including Ernest de Chamaillard, Émile Jourdan, and Charles Laval, with Paul Gauguin playing the leading role. Moret was one of the first painters to move to nearby le Pouldu which soon became the new centre of attraction for the Pont-Aven artists. His work began to show signs of Symbolism, probably as a result of Gauguin's influence.

After Gauguin left the area in 1891, Moret began to develop his own style. In 1895, he established a fruitful relationship with Paul Durand-Ruel who maintained a number of galleries in Paris, London and New York, with an emphasis on Impressionism. During their relationship, Moret completed over 600 paintings, many of which were exhibited in Paris and New York leading to a growing clientele for his work. Moret also exhibited seven of his Breton paintings at the Salon des Indépendants. After 1900, Moret became more immersed in Impressionism, applying small flecks of paint to his work rather than the broad strokes favoured by the Pont-Aven artists. Increasingly he focused on landscapes where his light effects can be seen in the sunsets and storm scenes he painted around 1909. In addition to his oils for Durand-Ruel, he also completed some 800 watercolours and drawings. He died in Paris, aged 56.

Assessment

After initially painting in a rather classical manner, Moret's style developed under the influence of Gauguin and the Pont-Aven artists. As time went by, his works became increasingly Impressionistic, while revealing his love of nature. In Henry Moret, aquarelles et peinture 1856–1913, Maxime Maufra comments: "Coasts, forests, valleys, in every season he observed them with all his senses, reproducing them with all his spirit and sincerity." A catalogue to one of his posthumous exhibitions described how he "occupies a unique place in the evolution of art at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, as he has been able to fuse together two fundamentally opposing styles: the Syntheticism of Pont-Aven and Impressionism."

References

Bibliography
 Cariou, André, Henry Moret : un paysagiste de l'École de Pont-Aven : [exposition], Quimper, Musée des beaux-arts, 27 juin-19 octobre 1998 (catalogue), 1998,
 Rolland, Jean-Yves; Baranger, Marie-Bénédicte: Henry Moret, 1856-1913, Éd. Palantines (Plomelin), 2002. .

French Impressionist painters
1856 births
1913 deaths
People from Cherbourg-Octeville
Pont-Aven painters
19th-century French painters
French male painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
Académie Julian alumni
19th-century French male artists

Henry Moret


Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Burmester Pulleine (12 December 1838 – 22 January 1879) was an administrator and commander in the British Army in the Cape Frontier and Anglo-Zulu Wars. He is most notable as a commander of British forces at the disastrous Battle of Isandlwana in January 1879. Substantively a major, he held the rank of brevet lieutenant colonel.

Early life

Pulleine was born in Yorkshire, the son of a vicar. His original commission into the British Army's 30th Regiment, was obtained without purchase in 1855 after his graduation from Sandhurst. He transferred to the brand new 2nd Battalion of the 24th in 1858 as a lieutenant and was promoted captain in 1861. In 1871 Pulleine bought a majority in the regiment's 1st Battalion, which was then sent to South Africa. Despite a brevet promotion to lieutenant-colonel in 1877 and over twenty years' service, he had no first hand combat experience.

9th Cape Frontier War

This would soon change when war broke out between the British and the Xhosa in the Eastern Cape. During British operations in the Cape Frontier, Pulleine was responsible for raising irregular cavalry from amongst European settlers in the area. They acquitted themselves well and, combined with Pulleine's work organising supply columns to besieged British garrisons, earned Pulleine a deserved reputation as an organiser and administrator. With the war at an end Pulliene took over as commandant of Durban-KZN, and subsequently commanded the Army's remount depot at Pietermaritzburg.

Anglo-Zulu War

When hostilities began on 11 January 1879 Pulleine was still in command of the Pietermaritzburg remount depot, and hurried to rejoin his regiment, arriving on the 17th. The 1st Battalion of the 24th Regiment comprised the main infantry component of Lord Chelmsford's Number 3 Column, which had crossed into Zululand on 11 January. With the 1st Battalion's commanding officer, Colonel Richard Glyn appointed by Chelmsford to command of the No. 3 Column, Pulleine would exercise field command of the battalion during its operations in Zululand.

Following a reconnaissance by Major John Dartnell and units of the column's irregular cavalry on the 21st, which suggested the Zulus were present in force to the South of the camp, Chelmsford ordered an advance with approximately half the column on the morning of the 22nd. In accordance with his original vision of the campaign, his intention was to bring the enemy to battle, ending the war quickly by destroying the Zulu force in a set-piece engagement. Chelmsford's last act regarding the defence of Isandlwana was to order up troops under Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony Durnford from Rorke's Drift. With the 1st Battalion of the 24th being left in camp, Pulleine took over command of Isandlwana on the morning of 22 January.

Battle of Isandlwana

Under Pulleine's command were the 416 officers and men of his own 1/24th and a company of the 2/24th. Also present was a two-gun section from N Battery of the Royal Artillery's 5th Brigade, and assorted support units, including Royal Engineers, Army Service Corps and Army Hospital Corps. In addition, Pulleine had at his disposal an assortment of local forces. These included four companies of the Natal Native Contingent, traditionally armed and equipped African troops with white officers and NCOs, and units such as the Newcastle Mounted Rifles and Natal Mounted Police, irregular cavalry made up of white volunteers armed with firearms. The arrival of Durnford's column in mid morning added a British rocket troop, two additional companies of the NNC and about 200 native irregular cavalry; some 500 men all told.

With the developing Zulu threat becoming increasingly apparent, Durnford's arrival created some confusion as to the camp's command arrangements. As a substantive Lieutenant Colonel and brevet Colonel, Durnford was senior in rank to Pulleine. But Durnford's orders, as given to him by Chelmsford's secretary John North Crealock, were ambiguous, failing both to clarify the command arrangements, and to instruct Durnford as to what if any, specific actions he was to take beyond simply moving his troops to Isandlwana. On receiving a report that the Zulus were retiring, Durnford decided on an advance by his own command. Initially he asked for two companies of Pulleine's infantry to accompany him, but Pulleine disagreed, indicating that the request was not in accordance with Chelmsford's orders to defend the camp.

The Zulus' had not initially intended to attack the British on the 22nd. However, the discovery of the Zulu main body by a cavalry patrol, possibly combined with the Zulus' realisation that the British had divided their army and the eagerness of the younger warriors, precipitated a full-scale attack on the camp. Pulleine's response was complicated by Durnford, who had been pinned down while chasing the supposedly retreating enemy force. Pulleine thus had to deploy his troops in such a way as to defend the camp and try to support Durnford in his attempt to break contact with the Zulus and withdraw.

The terrain at Isandlwana, consisting of tall grass and ravines, called Dongas, into which the advancing Zulus periodically disappeared, shielded the movements of the Zulu army from view of the British. It was hard to gauge exactly how many Zulus the British were facing, as the estimates of their numbers Pulleine had received from his scouts varied considerably. By the time the full extent of the Zulu threat had become apparent, it was largely too late for Pulleine to alter his dispositions significantly. The result was an overextended line, vulnerable to being outflanked by such a large enemy force. Even had Pulleine managed to effect an orderly withdrawal at this stage, there was no easily defensible position for him to retreat to, since the Isandlwana camp was not fortified, nor were the wagons laagered.

Though the British were able to hold the Zulus at bay for a time, a combination of factors including dwindling ammunition supply, problems with the infantry rifle which led to jams and the over-extension of the British companies to try to prevent the Zulu battle formation's encircling 'horns' from flanking the line, led to a general collapse. The Zulus overran the camp, eradicating any survivors who tried to make a stand, and chasing stragglers as far as the Buffalo River before overtaking and killing them. Pulleine was not among the small number of Europeans to escape. The Battle of Isandlwana was the worst defeat suffered by the British army in 150 years.

Death

It has never been established conclusively where and when on the battlefield Pulleine died. His body was never positively identified, and there were few survivors to provide an account of his final actions. Chelmsford did not linger at Isandlwana, and so only cursory efforts to identify the remains were possible. Even if a thorough search had immediately been mounted, most of the bodies had been badly mutilated by the Zulus and by the time a concerted effort was made to identify and inter the bodies, several months had passed, making individual corpses even harder to identify.

Donald Morris, in The Washing of the Spears, possibly basing his account on that which circulated amongst the 24th's officers after the battle, provides probably the fullest account of Pulleine's final moments. In his version, once it became clear the battle was lost, Pulleine ordered Melvill to attempt to escape with the colour before retiring to his tent, possibly to write a letter to his family, or alternatively to sketch a report of the defeat for Chelmsford. Before he could finish a Zulu confronted him and, despite wounding the man in the neck with his revolver, Pulleine was fatally stabbed by an assegai.

An unknown source describes Pulleine as having died 'early' in the fighting, and according to Henry Curling of the N/5 battery, Coghill informed him Pulleine was dead when he met Curling and Stuart-Smith as they began their flight to the Buffalo River. This account is supported by that of another British survivor Pte Bickley, who mentions Coghill reporting to Melvill that Pulleine 'had been shot.' This version of events would explain why Durnford was apparently unable to locate Pulleine once his force returned to the camp as the rout began.  Furthermore, in his memoir A Lost Legionary in South Africa, Commandant George Hamilton Browne describes coming across and saluting Pulleine's corpse on his way back from visiting his tent on the morning of the 23rd. Hamilton-Browne's 1st/3rd NNC had their tents on the extreme left of the camp, so the account would be consistent with Pulleine having died here.

It is also possible that Pulleine survived the British collapse, only to be killed in one of the desperate last stands which took place after it became obvious the British were doomed. Such a scenario is supported by at least one survivor account. Cracroft Nourse, a company commander with the NNC, describes how he saw 'half a company of the 24th, with their colonel in their midst, assegaied.' near the foot of Isandlwana hill as he began his escape.

Analysis

Pulleine remains an obscure figure in the history of the Anglo-Zulu war. This is perhaps summed up in his portrayal by Denholm Elliott in 1979's Zulu Dawn, as an affable, though retiring and somewhat ineffectual man. He was an able administrator, both in the commissariat department in the 1860s, for which he had received a commendation, and in South Africa during the Xhosa wars.

Pulleine's dispositions at Isandlwana were a contributing factor in the British defeat. Yet he had to deploy his men further from the camp in order to assist Durnford, who would have been unable to disengage and retire alone, and whom Pulleine had promised to support. Also, Pulleine would almost certainly have read a document penned by Chelmsford and circulated 'for the consideration of officers commanding columns when entering Zululand,' which recommended a deployment very similar to that effected by Pulleine. Ultimately, even Pulleine's flawed line held the Zulus in check until ammunition ran low, and units began to lose cohesion as they retreated and were set upon by the Zulus in close combat.

Pulleine's greatest failing as a commander, though he was by no means alone in this, was an abiding underestimation of his foe. The leisurely attitude of the British officers, including Pulleine, in the period immediately preceding the final engagement, demonstrate the complacency which permeated the thinking of the officer corps in the initial phase of the Anglo-Zulu war. For most of 22 January, Pulleine and his colleagues did not seriously think that the Zulus would attack the camp, so that when the Impis did strike, normal precautions such as the striking of tents and suspension of routine camp activities had not taken place. The former was of particular significance since it would have provided a much clearer signal to Chelmsford that the camp was in real trouble, and may have induced him to hurry back in time to rescue the situation.

Finally, the decisive action needed to avoid disaster was prevented by the confused command situation precipitated by Crealock's vague orders, which failed to confirm Durnford in command, or to give him any specific instructions. Chelmsford later attempted to lay the blame for the defeat on Durnford, suggesting that he had disobeyed Chelmsford's order to 'take command,' and thus be bound by the earlier instruction to Pulleine to defend the camp. This is however unfair, since Chelmsford's original order, recovered from Crealock's order book on the field, contains no specific reference to 'taking command.' Because of this, Durnford acted with considerable freedom in making what was ultimately a mistaken decision to go on the offensive, and in this regard Pulleine's reluctance to commit any of the 24th's infantry companies to Durnford's advance was sound.

See also
Battle of Isandlwana
Rorke's Drift
Zulu (film)
Zulu Dawn

Notes

References

30th Regiment of Foot officers
South Wales Borderers officers
1879 deaths
British Army personnel of the Anglo-Zulu War
British military personnel killed in the Anglo-Zulu War
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
1838 births

Henry Pulleine


Ralph Arthur "Babe"  Pinelli, born Rinaldo Angelo Paolinelli (October 18, 1895 – October 22, 1984), was an American third baseman and umpire in Major League Baseball. Born in San Francisco, his playing career was mostly with the Cincinnati Reds from 1922 to 1927. He also played with the Chicago White Sox (1918) and Detroit Tigers (1920). After that he became a highly regarded National League umpire from 1935 to 1956, officiating in 6 World Series: 1939, 1941, 1947, 1948 (outfield only), 1952 and 1956; he was crew chief for the final two Series. He also umpired in the All-Star game in 1937, 1941, 1950 and 1956, working behind home plate for the second half of the last three games, and he worked in the 3-game series to determine the NL champion in 1946.

Pinelli wrote an article for The Second Fireside Book of Baseball, titled "Kill the Umpire? Don't Make Me Laugh!" in which he told about his rookie year of 1935, when he was told that he should not call a strike on Babe Ruth, who was winding up his career with the Boston Braves. Pinelli did not see it that way. When he was behind the plate and Ruth came to bat, and a close pitch went by at which Ruth did not swing, Pinelli deemed it a strike and so called it. Ruth turned to the umpire and bellowed, "There's forty thousand people in this park that know that was a ball, tomato-head!" Pinelli did not lose his cool. He replied calmly, "Perhaps—but mine is the only opinion that counts." Ruth had no answer for that.

His final game as a home plate umpire provided an extraordinary capstone to his career. He was behind the plate for Don Larsen's perfect Game 5 in the 1956 World Series. His final call as a plate ump presumably was "Strike 3! You're out!" to pinch-hitter Dale Mitchell. Pinelli later recalled that after the game, he returned to the umpires' room and burst into tears. It has often been reported that that was Pinelli's final game as an umpire, but that is incorrect; Pinelli was a field umpire for the final two games of the Series, and then called it a career.

In his book The Game of Baseball, Gil Hodges recounted a story of how, while dressing for a game, he and several other Brooklyn Dodgers debated which umpires were most likely and least likely to eject a player from a game. Hodges recalled that Pee Wee Reese expressed the opinion that Pinelli was the umpire least likely to throw a player out. Reese was indeed ejected from that day's game—by Pinelli.

Pinelli died at age 89 in Daly City, California. He was elected to the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 2000.

References

External links

Retrosheet
National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame

1895 births
1984 deaths
American people of Italian descent
Baseball players from San Francisco
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery (Colma, California)
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Detroit Tigers players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Major League Baseball umpires
National League umpires
Oakland Oaks (baseball) players
Portland Beavers players
Sacramento Senators players
San Francisco Seals (baseball) players

Babe Pinelli


Kim Allan Williams Sr. (born 1954) is an American cardiologist. He is a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology and served as its president from 2015 to 2016. He is currently a trustee of the organization.

Education
Williams graduated from the University of Chicago in 1975 and the Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago in 1979.

Career
He has board certifications in internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, nuclear medicine, nuclear cardiology, and cardiovascular computed tomography. He has served on the faculty of the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit, Michigan, and since 2013 at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, where he is the head of the cardiology department.

Williams has served as president of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, chairman of the Coalition of Cardiovascular Organizations, and chairman of the board of the Association of Black Cardiologists, among other positions.

In July 2022, Williams became the 24th Chair of the University of Louisville Department of Medicine in Louisville, KY.

Veganism
Williams has been vegan since 2003; after being selected as incoming president of the American College of Cardiology in 2014, he published an essay on his reasons for being vegan and his belief in the cardiovascular benefits of veganism in MedPage Today. Some questioned his views and motives for writing the essay, but Williams maintained that his enthusiasm for plant-based diets was based on his interpretation of medical literature and his own experience lowering his cholesterol by removing dairy and animal protein.

In 2020, he wrote the foreword to Healthy at Last, a book about plant-based eating by Eric Adams, at the time the Borough President of Brooklyn, New York City, and now mayor of New York City.

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
African-American people
American cardiologists
American veganism activists
Fellows of the American College of Cardiology
Physicians from Chicago
Plant-based diet advocates

Kim A. Williams


Sarah Kay is a professor of French at New York University.

Education
Kay was a student in the UK at the University of Oxford.

Career
She started her teaching career at the University of Liverpool then moved to the University of Cambridge. She was head of department at Cambridge from 1996 until 2001 and Director of Studies at Girton College, Cambridge, from 2003 to 2005. Kay has been a fellow of the British Academy since 2004 and was awarded a D.Litt. (Cambridge) in 2005.

Publications
 Parrots and Nightingales: Troubadour Quotations and the Development of European Poetry (Penn University Press, 2013)
 (with Adrian Armstrong) Knowing Poetry: Verse in Medieval France from the Rose to the Rhétoriqueurs'' (Cornell University Press, 2011)
 The Place of Thought: The Complexity of One in Late Medieval French Didactic Poetry (Penn University Press, 2007)
 Žižek: A Critical Introduction (Cambridge: Polity, 2003)
 (with Malcolm Bowie and Terence Cave) A Short History of French Literature (Oxford University Press, 2003)
 Courtly Contradictions (Stanford University Press, 2001)
 (with Simon Gaunt)  The Troubadours. An Introduction (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
 The Chansons de geste in the Age of Romance (Oxford University Press, 1995)
 (as co-editor with Miri Rubin) Framing Medieval Bodies (Manchester University Press, 1994)
 (as editor) Raoul de Cambrai (Oxford University Press, 1992)
 Subjectivity in Troubadour Poetry (Cambridge University Press, 1990)

References

External links
 Kay's profile at New York University
 Review of Kay's Courtly Contradictions published in The Medieval Review'', 2004.

Fellows of the British Academy
Literary critics of French
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Academics of the University of Cambridge
New York University faculty
Princeton University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Fellows of Girton College, Cambridge
British literary critics
British women literary critics

Sarah Kay


In biological classification, faimily () is
 a taxonomic rank. Ither weel-kent ranks are life, domain, kinrick, phylum, class, order, genus, an species, wi faimily fittin atween order an genus. As for the ither weel-kent ranks, thare is the option o an immediately lawer rank, indicatit bi the prefix sub-: subfaimily (Latin: ).
 a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. In that case the plural is faimilies (Latin )
Exemple: Wawnits an hickories alang tae Juglandaceae, the wawnit faimily

Whit daes an disna belang tae ilka faimily is determined bi a taxonomist. Seemlar for the quaisten if a parteecular faimily shoud be recognised avaw. Eften thare is nae exact greein, wi different taxonomists takin a different poseetion. Thare is nae haurd rules that a taxonomist needs tae follae in descrievin or recognisin a faimily. Some taxa are acceptit awmaist universally, whiles ithers are recognised anly rarely.

Scienteefic clessification
Faimily
1rank13
Zoological nomenclatur

Faimily (biology)


Civil law is a branch of the law in common law countries. The other branch of common law is criminal law. Civil law is concerned with the duties individuals owe to other people or to their government. This excludes the duty not to commit crimes. The American form of civil justice is considerably different from European systems. Two features stand out, class actions and the awarding of punitive damages in tort cases. Many people in other countries are amazed at the number of civil cases in the United States. Americans sue in a wide variety of cases for compensation and medical expenses that are covered in other countries by national health insurance and government compensation programs.

Civil cases
Civil law is concerned with cases such as divorce, child custody and support and related lawsuits. Contract cases, tort cases (when someone is hurt and seeks compensation) and crimes which are tried in a criminal court and then tried in a civil case. Examples would be cases resulting from drunk driving or hit and run.

Civil cases use a lower preponderance of the evidence standard of proof whereas criminal cases use the higher standard of beyond a reasonable doubt. An example of the differences and that the same crime can result in both criminal and civil trials is the O. J. Simpson trials. In his criminal trial a jury decided the evidence did not meet the higher standard so he was acquitted of murder charges. But in the civil wrongful death trial he was found guilty.

Civil jury trials
The right to a jury trial in civil cases is found in the United States but in very few other places. England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have all but done away with civil jury trials in favor of bench trials. Fewer than 1 percent of civil trials in the US are jury trials. Where juries are used, the presence of a jury has changed the form of civil proceedings. A jury has to be impaneled, they must hear witnesses and go over evidence before reaching a verdict. The verdict, in turn, must follow the instructions given by a judge.

Civil bench trials
Bench trials in civil cases are usually conducted differently than jury trials. Judges usually prefer settlements to trials and prefer bench trials because they save time. A judge can streamline a case by asking for what he wants to see and hear, not what is presented for the benefit of a jury.

Bench trials have several advantages. They are usually much less formal than a jury trial. Attorneys for both sides can usually agree on the facts of a case before the trial starts. This can save a great deal of time otherwise spent on hearing witnesses and reviewing evidence. This can save on the costs of a trial. In a jury trial, the judge is required to give instructions to the jury before they deliberate. If a judge makes an error in his instructions, this is called a reversible error and can be used as a basis for an appeal. In a bench trial, the judge gives no instructions since there is no jury. This means the judge cannot be reversed due to an error in the instructions.

Related pages
Civil code
Administrative law
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

References

Types of law

Civil law (common law)


The Sun's Darling is a masque, or masque-like play, written by John Ford and Thomas Dekker, and first published in 1656.

The Sun's Darling was licensed for performance by Sir Henry Herbert, the Master of the Revels, on 3 March 1624. It was probably composed not long before; nineteenth-century speculations that the text was an old play of Dekker's, revised by Ford, have fallen out of favor. The original text may have been revised c. 1638–39; material in the early portion of Act V reflects the dominant political situation at that time. Cyrus Hoy has suggested that the play was revised and revived at that time, as a response to Thomas Nabbes's Microcosmus (1636; published 1637). Several attempts have been made by individual commentators to identify the shares of the two collaborators, though no general agreement on the question has been reached.

The first edition was a quarto printed by T. Bell for the bookseller Andrew Pennycuicke. The 1656 title page states that the play was "often presented" by Queen Henrietta's Men at the Cockpit Theatre; but it also makes the questionable claim that the play was "often presented" at Whitehall Palace — a claim dropped from the title page of the second quarto of 1657. If the work had a Court performance, it would in all likelihood have been once or at most twice, not "often."

Pennycuicke dedicated Q1 to Lady Newton, wife of Sir Henry Newton. Q2 was dedicated to Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton; that dedication is signed by Pennycuicke and the actor Theophilus Bird. Both the 1656 and 1657 editions include prefatory verses by John Tatham. The title pages describe the work as a "moral masque" — an accurate description, in that the drama combines the traits and characteristics of the traditional morality play with those of the 17th-century masque.

Featuring standard masque-style personifications, like Youth, Health, Delight, Time, Detraction, Fortune, etc., and rich in songs, dances, and May-Day games, the play has some obvious crowd appeal to explain its popularity in its own era. The protagonist is Raybright, who is the child and "darling" of the Sun. To treat his melancholy, he is given a year to experience the earthly pleasures of the four seasons. He falls, however, under the deceptive influences of Humor (in the Elizabethan sense) and Folly, and his search for satisfaction is unfulfilled. In the end the Sun warns Raybright that he must resist Folly and Humor to attain harmony.

Some critics have praised the "vitality and beauty" of some of the lyrics in the play; others have judged the work more harshly.

Notes

References
 Logan, Terence P., and Denzell S. Smith, eds. The Later Jacobean and Caroline Dramatists: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 1978.
 Stavig, Mark. John Ford and the Traditional Moral Order. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press, 1968.
 Waith, Eugene M. Patterns and Perspectives in English Renaissance Drama. Newark, DE, University of Delaware Press, 1988.

English Renaissance plays
1624 plays
Masques
Plays by Thomas Dekker (writer)
Plays by John Ford (dramatist)

The Sun's Darling


Ľudovít Fulla (27 February 1902, Ružomberok – 21 April 1980, Bratislava) was a Slovak painter, graphic artist, illustrator, stage designer and art teacher. He is considered one of the most important figures of Slovak creative art in the 20th century.

Style
Fulla's work was fundamentally important for the establishment of Slovak modernism. His personal style is characterized by a special "poetry of the image" relying on surface and decoration, a synthesis of rational and emotional elements, brilliant colour, knowledge of folk art, East Slavonic iconography and world Modernism. Ľudovít Fulla was predominantly inspired by the Prague modernist milieu. In his works, the principles of Wassily Kandinsky, Marc Chagall, Pablo Picasso and Paul Klee can be found. In the only manifesto of Slovak modernists, he and his friend Mikuláš Galanda formulated a firm stance in their attempt of a mixture of styles. Fulla was recognised for generations for his bright red, orange and yellow. This may have played off the folk iconography always present in his works, or may have been a further admixture of artistic period styles.

Works
Balóny (Balloons)
Požehnanie statku (Blessing of the cattle)
Vyhnanie z raja (Expulsion from the paradise)
Ukrižovanie (Crucifixion)
Slovenská madona (Slovak Madonna)
Dedinská svatba (Village Wedding)
Other:

References

External links
Artworks by Ľudovít Fulla
Ľudovít Fulla (pdf)

Slovak artists
Slovak painters
Modern painters
1902 births
1980 deaths
People from Žilina
Slovak schoolteachers

Ľudovít Fulla


SMTPS (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure) is a method for securing the SMTP using transport layer security.  It is intended to provide authentication of the communication partners, as well as data integrity and confidentiality.

SMTPS is neither a proprietary protocol nor an extension of SMTP.  It is a way to secure SMTP at the transport layer, by wrapping SMTP inside Transport Layer Security (TLS). Conceptually, it is similar to how HTTPS wraps HTTP inside TLS.

This means that the client and server speak normal SMTP at the application layer, but the connection is secured by SSL or TLS.  This happens when the TCP connection is established, before any mail data has been exchanged. Since whether or not to use SSL or TLS is not explicitly negotiated by the peers, services that speak SMTPS are usually reachable on a dedicated port of their own.

Difference between SMTPS and smtps
"smtps" is also the name of an IANA-registered service, with the TCP port number 465. The service was intended for use by Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs), as a point of contact where these could exchange email in an encrypted form rather than in plaintext. The registration was quickly revoked, however, as standardization efforts resulted in an alternate approach. The registration has never been reinstated.

When describing the IANA service registration, the official capitalization is "smtps". When describing the network protocol, the capitalization "SMTPS" is often used (similar to how HTTPS is capitalized).

Port 587 is the well-known port for submitting mail to a server, frequently (but not required to be) encrypted using STARTTLS. Some email service providers allow their customers to use the SMTPS protocol to access a TLS-encrypted version of the "submission" service on port 465. This is a different service from what the original IANA registration dedicated the port to (for it used to be dedicated to encrypted content delivered as-is / in plain text, whereas nowadays' SMTPS on port 465 still uses plaintext content, only wrapped within TLS-encrypted transportation-basically the reverse mechanism).

RFC 8314 corrected this problem (a special exception was made to assign TCP-465 to two use cases simultaneously) and integrated the use of port 465 as a TLS-encrypted "submission" port into the well-known port registrations published by IANA. The service is named as submissions.

While there is no longer any officially registered endpoint for the SMTP service, it is still possible to exchange email over an encrypted transport with similar guarantees as those offered by smtps, in particular with the guarantee that either the exchange succeeds securely, or does not happen at all, by using DANE in combination with DNSSEC.
Many email servers are configured to either not deliver email securely at all, or to first try secure delivery with the STARTTLS mechanism. If that fails, for example, because the remote service does not offer it, or because a successful MITM-attack has stripped announcement of the feature, it simply falls back to delivery by insecure means.

History
In early 1997, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority registered port 465 for smtps.
Late 1998 this was revoked when STARTTLS was standardized. With STARTTLS, the same port can be used with or without TLS. The use of well-known ports for mail exchanges communicating with SMTP was discussed in particular at the time. Port 465 currently shows as registered for both Source-Specific Multicast and submissions.

RFC 8314 "Cleartext Considered Obsolete: Use of TLS for Email Submission and Access" proposed to recognize port 465 for implicitly encrypted email submission officially. And the IANA registration was updated 2017-12-12 using a special IESG approval accordingly.

See also

References

Internet mail protocols
Transport Layer Security

SMTPS


SketchUp is a 3D modelling program made for architects, engineers, and moviemakers. It is easier to use than most programs used for three dimensional drawings.  SketchUp was created by the company @Last Software and released in August 2000. In 2006, @Last Software was bought by Google. They released SketchUp6 in January 2007. SketchUp6 can use add-ons that let things build with the program be made into files that can be used with Google Earth. In 2012, SketchUp was bought by Trimble Navigation.

Other websites
SketchUp official website
SketchUp Wiki The SketchUp Wiki

Software

SketchUp


Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig, (c. 941–23 April 1014), (Middle Erse: Brian Bóruma, Erse: Brian Bóroimhe) better kent as Brian Boru, wis an Erse king who endit the domination o the so-cawed Hie Kingship o Ireland bi the Uí Néill. Buildin on the achievements o his faither, Cennétig mac Lorcain, an brither, Mathgamain, Brian first made hissel King o Munster, then subjugatit Leinster, makin hissel ruler o the sooth o Ireland. He wis the foonder o the O'Brien clan, an the Kennedy clan who claim descent frae his faither hauld him in hie esteem as well.

Keengs o Munster
Keengs o Limerick
Heich Keengs o Ireland
941 births
1014 daiths
10t-century Erse fowk
Buirials at St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Kirk o Ireland)
Monarchs killt in action
11t-century Erse monarchs
Roman Catholic monarchs
Murthert royalty
Assassinatit Erse politeecians
O'Brien dynasty
Dál gCais
10t-century Erse monarchs

Brian Boru