James P. Mullins (born September 12, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from 1981 to 1984.

Military career
Mullins was born in 1928, in Jersey City, New Jersey. He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces in 1946. Mullins entered pilot training as an aviation cadet in 1948 and graduated in 1949 with a commission as a second lieutenant. He was assigned to the 2nd Air Refueling Squadron at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, where he flew KB-29M's, the Strategic Air Command's first aerial tanker.

During the Korean War, Mullins participated in combat evaluation of in-flight refueling systems for fighter aircraft while assigned to the Far East Air Forces Bomber Command at Yokota Air Base, Japan. In January 1953, he returned to the United States and was assigned to the 9th Air Refueling Squadron, initially at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, and later moving with the unit to Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho.

In July 1954, Mullins entered aircraft observer/bombardier training at James Connally Air Force Base, Texas, in preparation for an assignment in January 1955 to the 96th Bombardment Wing at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, as a B-47 aircraft commander. He moved with the wing in 1957 to Dyess Air Force Base, Texas, and served as a B-47 aircraft commander and an air training officer until September 1961. He was then assigned to SAC headquarters, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, as the B/RS-70 requirements officer in the Requirements Division, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in business administration from the University of Omaha in 1964, attended the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama from August 1966 to July 1967, and then completed RF-4C combat crew training.  He also earned a Master of Science degree in international affairs from The George Washington University, Washington D.C., in 1967.

He transferred to Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Republic of Vietnam, in August 1968, where he served with the 460th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing on consecutive assignments as detachment commander, tactical squadron commander and assistant deputy commander for operations. He completed 110 combat missions in RF-4Cs.

Mullins was assigned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., in August 1969 in the Directorate of Operational Requirements and Development Plans, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Research and Development, where he served as chief of the Aircraft Division.  He attended the six-week advanced management program at Harvard Business School in 1972.  In June 1973, he became vice commander, Ogden Air Materiel Area (later renamed Air Logistics Center), Air Force Logistics Command, Hill Air Force Base, Utah.

He was assigned as deputy chief of staff for acquisition logistics, Air Force Logistics Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in March 1975. He was reassigned within the command staff as deputy chief of staff for plans and operations in May 1975. This organization was renamed Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs in August 1975. He then returned to Hill Air Force Base as commander of the Ogden Air Logistics Center in August 1977.

In November 1978, Mullins took command of 15th Air Force at March Air Force Base, California. He assumed command of Air Force Logistics Command in July 1981. Mullins retired from the Air Force on November 1, 1984.

Mullins was a command pilot with more than 6,000 flying hours. His military decorations and awards include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster, Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal with five oak leaf clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster, and Air Force Outstanding Unit Award ribbon with "V" device and one oak leaf cluster.

  Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster
  Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster
  Distinguished Flying Cross
  Air Medal with five oak leaf clusters
  Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster
  Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with "V" Device and one oak leaf cluster

References

External links

1928 births
Living people
Military personnel from Jersey City, New Jersey
United States Air Force generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Air Force personnel of the Vietnam War
University of Nebraska Omaha alumni
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War

James P. Mullins


"To Priestley" is a sonnet by Samuel Taylor Coleridge first published in the 11 December 1794 Morning Chronicle. Like most of the Sonnets on Eminent Characters, "To Priestley" addresses an individual Coleridge particularly admired; Joseph Priestley held many political and theological beliefs that Coleridge adopted during this time.

Background
Coleridge completed "To Priestley" at the beginning of December 1794. Following "To Burke", "To Priestley was published in the 11 December 1794 Morning Chronicle as the third poem in the Sonnets on Eminent Characters series. The poem was later included in Coleridge's 1796 collection of poems and collections printed after with few changes.

After a mob burned Priestley's Birmingham house during the summer of 1791, he left England for America. The mob that drove Priestley away were motivated by Priestley's support of the French Revolution. Coleridge's own views were similar to Priestley's and even Priestley's ideas expressed in Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air and Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit were discussed in part in Coleridge's poetry.

Coleridge was also corresponding with Priestley at the time, to discuss Coleridge and Robert Southey's idea of Pantisocracy. During this time, Priestley's sons were working with Thomas Cooper to find an appropriate location for Coleridge to start up his community. In general, Coleridge viewed Priestley as both a spiritual and intellectual leader, and Coleridge's political life was to spread Priestley's views after Priestley left for America. However, Coleridge was to abandon Priestley's ideas about Unitarianism and religion a decade later as he turned to Anglicanism.

Poem

The original first line read "Tho' King-bred rage, with lawless uproar rude", the original seventh line read "Disdainful rouses from the Papal spell", and the original eleventh line read "That ground th' ensnared soul of patient Folly".

Themes
Like many of the Sonnets on Eminent Characters, "To Priestley" was dedicated to an individual that Coleridge viewed as one of his heroes. The imagery within the poem corresponds to the ideas in "To Burke" with an emphasis on Priestley being a defender of freedom and without flaws. The original line 1 of the poem described the royalty's role in the events leading up to the destruction of Priestley's home. The revised version describes John Reeves as the "dark Vizir" or, in the 1796 edition, describes Pitt.

Coleridge's views on Priestley appear in many of his works, including Religious Musings written at the end of 1794. John Bowring, in an 1830 review for the Westminster Review, emphasized how the poem served to represent a transitional stage in Coleridge's poetic career: "Happily he soon ascended into a purer region of fancy; and that not without leaving the print of his steps in the clay from which he sprung. The personifications in his Sonnet on the expatriation of Dr. Priestley, are as good as such things can be. The concluding reference to Priestley's philosophical discoveries, might suggest a noble group for the sculptor."

Notes

References
 Ashton, Rosemary. The Life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
 Barfoot, Cedric. "A natural delineation of human passions": The Historical Moment of Lyrical Ballads. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 2004.

 Flynn, Christopher. Americans in British literature, 1770-1832. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008.
 Jackson, James (ed). Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1996.
 Levere, Trevor. Poetry Realized in Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
 Mays, J. C. C. (editor). The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poetical Works Vol I.I. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
 Mays, J. C. C. (editor). The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poetical Works Vol II.I. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.

1794 poems
Sonnets on Eminent Characters
British poems
Works originally published in the Morning Chronicle

To Priestley


The Italian general strike of October 1922 was a general strike against Benito Mussolini's power-grab with the March on Rome. It was led by socialists and ended in defeat for the workers.  Mussolini famously referred to this as the "Caporetto of Italian Socialism".

Rudolph Rocker, an active Anarcho-Syndicalist of this period, claimed the event in his book: "When in 1922 the general strike against Fascism broke out, the democratic government armed the Fascist hordes and throttled this last attempt at the defence of freedom and right. But Italian democracy had dug its own grave. It thought it could use Mussolini as a tool against the workers, but thus it became its own grave-digger."

References

General strikes in Europe
1922 in Italy
1922 labor disputes and strikes
Anti-fascism in Italy
Labor disputes in Italy
Protests in Italy

1922 Italian general strike


Minnyhive (English: Moniaive  'monny-IVE'); , "The Haly Muir") is a veelage in the pairish o Glencairn in the historical coonty o Dumfriesshire in Dumfries an Gallowa, in soothwast Scotland. It staunds on the Cairn an Dalwhat Watters.  Minnyhive his been name't the best oweraw smaw veelage in the Nithsdale in Bloom competeetion five times in a raw, fae 2006 tae 2011. The veelage streetskip wis featurt in the 2002 Peter Mullan pictur The Magdaline Sisters. In 2004, The Times descrived the veelage as ane o the "coolest" in Breetain.

History

Minnyhive his existit as a veelage as faur back as the 10t century. On 4 Julie 1636 Charles I, Keeng o Scots grantit a chairter in favour o William, Yerl o Dumfries, makkin Minnyhive a "free Burgh of Barony".  Wi this chairter cam the richts tae set up a mercat cross and towebuith, tae haud a weekly mercat on Tysday an twa annual fairs ilk o three days duration. The Midsimmer Fair wis fae 16 Juin and the Michelmas Fair on the last day o September.

Covenantin

In the 17t century, Minnyhive becam the place o haud for the Covenanters, a group o Presbyterian nonconformists that rebelt at haein the Episcopalian releegion gart on thaim bi the last three Stuart keengs - Charles I, Charles II, an James VIII (James II o England). Thare is a moniment aff the Ayr Road tae James Renwick, a Covenanter leader born in Minnyhive an aged 23 wis the last Covenanter tae be hangit in Edinburgh.

James Paterson

The Scots airtist James Paterson, a foonder member o "The Glasgow Boys", sattle't in Minnyhive in 1884 an steyed for 22 year. He pentit mony local scenes includin "The Last Turning", a view o a wumman approachin the veelage on the loan on the wastren side o the auld millpownd (noo stankit) in the Dalwhat dale - noo shawed in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. A James Paterson museum existit within the veelage until 2005, shawin photaes and memorabilia fae the collection o his granddochter, Anne Paterson-Wallace.

Cairn Valley Light Railway

The Cairn Valley Light Railway wis appent fae Dumfries in 1905 as a subsidiary company o the Glasgow and South Western Railway. Plans ineetial haed includit developin Minnhive intil a resort acause o the kintraside bein gey scenic and peacefu. Passenger services wis suspendit as a wartime economy on 3 Mey 1943 an til aw traffeck on 4 August 1947.

Local economy

The local economy is maistly sheep-fermin an cattle-fermin, as weel as forestry. The aurie his a lairge sel-employed community includin writers, airtists, graphic designers, historical interpretation centres, aromatherapists, staint gless wirkers, a wine importin business, a chocolatier, computer mendins, gairden an laundskipin services, a plant nursery, and childercare. The're a lairge general store includin a post office coonter, and a garage, a cafe, a chocolatier, an Italian restaurant, several airtist studios, a primary schuil, a guest hoose an twa hottles with baurs an restaurants (ane with accommodation), an twa veelage haws.

A bi-monthly newspaper, cried the Glencairn Gazette, is produce't bi volunteers and distreebutit til the residenters.

Namely fowk

Ane o Charlie Chaplin's sons skirtit tae an mairit in Minnyhive

 Rumer Godden OBE (1907-1988) - writer

 Alex Kapranos (born 1972) - o the rock baund Franz Ferdinand, he bocht the hoose o James Paterson

 Alan Grant (born 1949) - writer o Judge Dredd and Batman

 John Inglis (1808-1891) - meesionar

 Johanna Lumley (born 1946) - actress, she his a hame near Minnyhive

 Rab Smith (born 1948) - ex-perfaisional dairts player

Fests

In 2015 Minnyhive reinventit itsel as Moniaive Festival Village and gaed on tae win a Creative Place Award fae Creative Scotland. The veelage is hame tae a nummer o fests that is haudit ilka year, includin: the Moniaive Folk Festival, the Moniaive Michaelmas Bluegrass Festival, The Scottish Autoharp Weekend, the Moniaive Horse Show, the Moniaive and District Arts Association annual exheebeetion, the Glencairn and Tynron Amateur Cottages and Gardeners Horticultural Society shaw an the Moniaive Gala. In 2016 the Moniaive Comic Book Festival wis resurrectit as pairt o the Creative Place awaird programme, it haudit successfu its seicont comic-beuk fest in 2017.

Cairnhead Community Forest an Striding Arches

Cairnhead Community forest is a Scots chairity formt in 1998 tae herten an enable community participation wi its awner Forestry and Land Scotland. The're three airches bi airtist Andy Goldsworthy aroond Cairnhead on Bail Hill, Benbrack, an Colt Hill. Ilk airch staunds juist unner 13 fit heich, wi a spang o aboot 23 fit, an conseests o 31 blocks o haund-dresst reid saundstane weein aboot 27 ton.

The Geodial an Wildflouer Gairden

In 2009 a GeoDial wis commissiont bi the Geological Society of Dumfries and Galloway for the people o Minnyhive tae celebrate the geodiversity o th aurie. It staunds neist til the Dalwhat Watter in the Minnhive Wildflouer Gairden an riverside walk. The Geodial his an interpretation buird that identifys the rock types o the Geodila an o the rocks that mak up the stane circle that surroonds it.

Gailerie

References

External links

 Veelage wabsteid
 The Striding Arches
 The Moniaive Folk Festival
 The Moniaive Michaelmas Bluegrass Festival
  What's going on in Moniaive
 The Moniaive GeoDial

Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa
Dumfries an Gallowa
Places o Scotland

Minnyhive


An American flag sort is an efficient, in-place variant of radix sort that distributes items into buckets.  Non-comparative sorting algorithms such as radix sort and American flag sort are typically used to sort large objects such as strings, for which comparison is not a unit-time operation.
American flag sort iterates through the bits of the objects, considering several bits of each object at a time.  For each set of bits, American flag sort makes two passes through the array of objects: first to count the number of objects that will fall in each bin, and second to place each object in its bucket.  This works especially well when sorting a byte at a time, using 256 buckets. With some optimizations, it is twice as fast as quicksort for large sets of strings.

The name American flag sort comes by analogy with the Dutch national flag problem in the last step: efficiently partition the array into many "stripes".

Algorithm

Sorting algorithms in general sort a list of objects according to some ordering scheme. In contrast to comparison-based sorting algorithms, such as quicksort, American flag sort  is based on directly comparing the bytes (numerical representation) of the underlying objects. In-place sorting algorithms, including American flag sort, run without allocating a significant amount of memory beyond that used by the original array. This is a significant advantage, both in memory savings and in time saved copying the array.

American flag sort works by successively dividing a list of objects into buckets based on the first digit of their base-N representation (the base used is referred to as the radix). When N is 3, each object can be swapped into the correct bucket by using the Dutch national flag algorithm. When N is larger, however, objects cannot be immediately swapped into place, because it is unknown where each bucket should begin and end. American flag sort gets around this problem by making two passes through the array. The first pass counts the number of objects that belong in each of the N buckets. The beginning of each bucket is then computed as the sum of sizes of the preceding buckets. The second pass puts each object into the correct bucket.

American flag sort is most efficient with a radix that is a power of 2, because bit-shifting operations can be used instead of expensive exponentiations to compute the value of each digit. When sorting strings using 8- or 7-bit encodings such as ASCII, it is typical to use a radix of 256 or 128, which amounts to sorting character-by-character.

Performance considerations
It is worth noting that for pure English alphabet text, the counts histogram is always sparse. Depending on the hardware, it may be worth clearing the counts in correspondence with completing a bucket (as in the original paper.) Or it may be worth maintaining a max and min active bucket, or a more complex data structure suitable for sparse arrays. It is also important to use a more basic sorting method for very small data sets, except in pathological cases where keys may share very long prefixes.

Most critically, this algorithm follows a random permutation, and is thus particularly cache-unfriendly for large datasets. It is a suitable algorithm in conjunction with a k-way merge algorithm. (The original paper was written before cached memory was in common use.)

Pseudocode
american_flag_sort(Array, Radix)
    for each digit D:
        # first pass: compute counts
        Counts <- zeros(Radix)
        for object X in Array:
            Counts[digit D of object X in base Radix] += 1
        # compute bucket offsets
        Offsets <- [ sum(Counts[0..i]) for i in 1..Radix]
        # swap objects into place
        for object X in Array:
            swap X to the bucket starting at Offsets[digit D of X in base Radix]
        for each Bucket:
            american_flag_sort(Bucket, Radix)

Sample implementation in Python
This example written in the Python programming language will perform American flag sort for any radix of 2 or greater. Simplicity of exposition is chosen over clever programming, and so the log function is used instead of bit shifting techniques.
from math import floor, log
from copy import copy

def get_radix_val(x, digit, radix):
    return int(floor(x / radix**digit)) % radix

def compute_offsets(a_list, start, end, digit, radix):
    counts = [0 for _ in range(radix)]
    for i in range(start, end):
        val = get_radix_val(a_list[i], digit, radix)
        counts[val] += 1
    offset = start
    offsets = [start]
    for i in range(radix):
        offset += counts[i]
        offsets.append(offset)
    return offsets

def swap(a_list, offsets, start, end, digit, radix):
    next_free = copy(offsets)
    cur_block = 0
    while cur_block < radix:
        i = next_free[cur_block]
        if i >= offsets[cur_block+1]:
            cur_block += 1
            continue
        radix_val = get_radix_val(a_list[i], digit, radix)
        if radix_val != cur_block:
            swap_to = next_free[radix_val]
            a_list[i], a_list[swap_to] = a_list[swap_to], a_list[i]
        next_free[radix_val] += 1

def american_flag_sort_helper(a_list, start, end, digit, radix):
    offsets = compute_offsets(a_list, start, end, digit, radix)
    swap(a_list, offsets, start, end, digit, radix)
    if digit == 0:
        return
    for i in range(len(offsets)-1):
        american_flag_sort_helper(a_list, offsets[i], offsets[i+1], digit-1, radix)

def american_flag_sort(a_list, radix):
    for x in a_list:
        assert type(x) == int
    max_val = max(a_list)
    max_digit = int(floor(log(max_val, radix)))
    american_flag_sort_helper(a_list, 0, len(a_list), max_digit, radix)

See also
 Bucket sort
 Multi-key quicksort
 Radixsort
 Dutch national flag problem

References

General

String sorting algorithms
Articles with example pseudocode
Articles with example Python (programming language) code

American flag sort


Bedlight for Blue Eyes (stylized as BEDlight For BlueEYES) was an alternative rock band from Berkeley Heights, New Jersey signed to Trustkill Records.

In June and July 2005, the band embarked on their first headlining tour, with support from the Higher, My Epiphany and Secret Lives of the Freemasons. Their debut album, The Dawn, was released in August 2005; the album reached No. 45 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart. In September and October 2005, they went on tour with labelmates Roses Are Red, alongside Stutterfly and Bleed the Dream. In October 2005, guitarist Justin Ortiz left the band to pursue alternative rock project Boy vs. Ghost. Not too long after, original vocalist Christian Guerrero left as well. Most recently, Bedlight's bassist and founding member James Granuzzo also left the band.

They went on an East Coast tour with Scary Kids Scaring Kids in November 2005. They also contributed to the Punk Goes 90's album, doing a version of Third Eye Blind's "Jumper" with their original band lineup. It prominently features a piano played by Sebastian Davin of Dropping Daylight throughout the song, and less guitar than the original.

As of 2007, the band has reformed with several new members, and recorded a second album, Life on Life's Terms, at Treesound Studios in the United States state of Georgia. The band's 2007 effort, Life on Life's Terms, leaked onto the Internet on July 4, 2007 from an unknown source six days before it was officially released. The record was released on Trustkill on July 10, 2007.

Life on Life's Terms marked a change in musical style which differentiated from their previous work. Whereas The Dawn was more influenced by emo lyrics and singing/screaming styles, Life on Life's Terms took a more straight-up rock and pop-rock approach. Life on Life's Terms, while not as widely acknowledged as a release as The Dawn, did garner much more positive reviews. Both CDs feature mild guitar solos in various songs despite the somewhat significant changes in musical stylings.

Beginning in October 2007, the band began touring with well-known alternative bands New Found Glory and Senses Fail, and in November Bedlight for Blue Eyes toured with Sullivan and Kenotia.

In April 2008, the band supported Kaddisfly on their headlining tour of the US. On November 1, 2008, the band announced that they were on indefinite hiatus.

On January 23, 2009, at The School of Rock in Hackensack, NJ, the band played their last show.

Daniel Rinaldi has since been filling in for the group Lannen Fall as their lead vocalist and has hinted at a new band coming soon.

Members
Current members
Daniel Rinaldi - vocals (2006-2009)
Derek Weber - guitar, vocals (2004-2009)
Dan Taylor - guitar, vocals (2006-2009)
Itzhak Bishburg - drums (2004-2009)
Chris Stiles - drums (2008-2009)

Past members
Christian Andre Guerrero - vocals (2004-2006)
James Granuzzo - bass guitar (2004-2006)
Justin Ortiz - guitar, vocals (2004-2005)
Joe Oliger - bass guitar, vocals (2005-2007)

Discography
The Dawn (Trustkill, 2005)
"Ephemeral Addictions" 3:10
"Midnight Symphony" 3:57
"The Nature of the Ghost" 2:37
"Leaving Berkeley Heights" 3:35
"Dig on This" 4:53
"Soundscapes and Lullabies" 2:39
"Faith" 4:42
"The Promise" 3:31
"Reciprocal" 3:49
"Ligeia" 4:52
Waste My Time Digital EP (Trustkill, 2006)
"Waste My Time" 2:51
"Ephemeral Addictions" 3:13
"Hindsight" 4:09
"Livin' on a Prayer" 3:46
Life on Life's Terms (Trustkill, 2007)
"The City and the Ghost" 4:00
"Waste My Time" 2:46
"Ms. Shapes" 3:10
"Whole Again" 3:58
"Walk with Me" 4:16
"Life on Life's Terms" 3:33
"Too Late for Us" 3:42
"Broken Door" 3:36
"Without You We Are Everything" 2:25
"Meant to Be" 3:45
"Michael" 4:33
'Punk Goes 90's' (2006)
"Jumper" 4:05
'Taste of Christmas' (2005)
"Christmas Song" 3:03
'Masters of Horror (soundtrack)' (2005)
"Hindsight" 4:03
'Taste of Chaos'(2005)
"Hindsight" 4:03

References

Alternative rock groups from New Jersey
Musical groups from New Jersey
People from Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
Musical groups established in 2004
Trustkill Records artists

Bedlight for Blue Eyes


USS Congress—the fourth United States Navy ship to carry that name—was a sailing frigate, like her predecessor, .

Congress served in the Mediterranean, South Atlantic Ocean, and in the Pacific Ocean. She continued to operate as an American warship until the American Civil War, when she was sunk by the ironclad CSS Virginia in battle of Newport News, Virginia.

Service history
Congress was launched at the Portsmouth Navy Yard on August 16, 1841 and placed in commission under Captain Philip Voorhees on May 7, 1842. Her first cruise, starting on July 15, took her to the Mediterranean for service with the Squadron of Commodores Charles W. Morgan and Charles Morris. In December 1843, Voorhees joined Commodore Daniel Turner's Brazil Squadron blockading Montevideo in safeguarding U.S. trade during the Uruguayan Civil War. On September 29, 1844, Voorhees captured an armed Argentine schooner that delivered a mail to the Argentine commanding officer. This overreaction damaged the US-Argentina relation and resulted in a court martial for Voorhees. His impetuosity resulted in a few months suspension, for Voorhees, but did little damage to his career. Congress remained active in the theatre until January 1845. She was then placed in ordinary at Norfolk, Virginia in March.

Congress was recommissioned on September 15, 1845, as flagship of Commodore Robert F. Stockton and sailed for the Pacific Ocean in late October. After landing the U.S. Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands at Honolulu, Hawaii on June 10, she proceeded to Monterey Bay where she joined the Pacific Squadron. Captain Elie A. F. La Vallette assumed command on July 20 and employed her along the west coast during the Mexican–American War. Large detachments of her crew participated in battles on Rio San Gabriel and the plains of La Mesa, and in the occupation of Los Angeles. She assisted in the bombardment and capture of Guaymas in October 1847, and in November furnished a detachment that aided in the occupation of Mazatlán. On August 23, 1848, she departed La Paz, Baja California Sur for Norfolk, Virginia, arriving the following January to be placed in ordinary.

In May 1850, she was assigned a threefold mission; protect U.S. interests between the mouth of the Amazon River and Cape Horn, prevent the use of the American flag to cover the African slave trade, and maintain neutral rights during hostilities among the South American countries. Departing Hampton Roads, Virginia on June 12, she arrived at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on September 1 and assumed duty as flagship of the Brazil Squadron under Commodore Issac McKeever until June 1853. She returned to New York City on July 20 for decommissioning. On June 19, 1855, Congress sailed for the Mediterranean and there followed two years as flagship of Commodore Samuel Livingston Breese. Sailing from Spezia, Italy on November 26, 1857, she arrived at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on January 13, 1858, and was placed out of commission. In 1859, Congress was reassigned as flagship of Commodore Joshua R. Sands and the Brazil Squadron, remaining in that area until the Civil War precipitated her return to Boston, Massachusetts on August 22, 1861.

American Civil War service

On September 9, 1861, she was ordered to duty under command of Capt. Louis M. Goldsborough in the Atlantic Blockading Squadron, later to serve under commanding officer W. Smith, and executive officer Lieutenant Joseph B. Smith.

Congress was anchored off Newport News, Virginia, as part of the Union blockade of that port on March 8, 1862, when she fell under attack by the Confederate ironclad, CSS Virginia (ex-USS Merrimack) and five other small ships. Serving aboard Congress at this time was McKean Buchanan, brother of the commanding officer of the Virginia, Franklin Buchanan. After exchanging broadsides with Virginia, Congress slipped her moorings and ran aground in shallow water.

The ironclad and her consorts attacked from a distance and inflicted great damage on the ship, killing 120, including the commanding officer, Joseph B. Smith. Executive officer Austin Pendergrast assumed command. Ablaze in several places and unable to bring guns to bear on the enemy, Congress was forced to strike her colors and raise a white flag. Heavy shore batteries prevented Virginia from taking possession. Instead she fired several rounds of hot shot (red-hot cannonballs) and incendiary causing Congress to burn to the water's edge, and her magazine to explode. Lt. Smith, having been in command at the time, died in the action. Eventually, during the battle, Congress sank by the stern. In September 1865, Congress was raised and taken to the Norfolk Navy Yard where she was later sold. She later was stripped for the valuable wood and metal near her mast. The sails later were used to make a flag in memory of the ship.

See also

 List of sailing frigates of the United States Navy
 Bibliography of American Civil War naval history

References

External links

Watch-, Quarter-, and Station-Bill of the U.S.S. Congress, 1842-1873 (bulk 1842-1845) MS 86 held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

Sailing frigates of the United States Navy
Mexican–American War ships of the United States
Ships of the Union Navy
American Civil War patrol vessels of the United States
Shipwrecks of the Virginia coast
Ships built in Kittery, Maine
Maritime incidents in March 1862
1841 ships
Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
Naval magazine explosions

USS Congress (1841)


OzEmail was a major Internet service provider (ISP) in Australia, until it was acquired by iiNet on 28 February 2005.

History
In the early 1980s, Sean Howard was the editor of the Australian Personal Computer magazine and subsequently founded Microtex 666, the largest service provider on Telecom Australia's Viatel service. In 1992, he sold his share of Computer Publications to Australian Consolidated Press and founded pioneering email service Oz-E-mail. At this time, OzEmail had eight staff members and was creating a system to integrate Lotus Software Cc:Mail, MicrosoftMail and Novell MHS Mail systems. The initial network consisted of 16 POPs around Australia.

In 1994 businessmen Malcolm Turnbull and Trevor Kennedy invested and the business was relaunched as internet service provider OzEmail.

On 28 May 1996, OzEmail became the first Australian tech stock ever to list on the NASDAQ. With the trading symbol OZEMY, over A$50 million in investment capital was raised. Two years later, OzEmail listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) with the symbol OZM.

Also in 1996, OzEmail was the unsuccessful respondent in a case involving the creators of Trumpet Winsock, regarding intellectual property and trade practices matters . The court found that Sean Howard was "closely involved in all stages of the project". At the time this distribution occurred in 1995, Trumpet Winsock 2.0B was commonly distributed by ISPs without properly licensing it. The lawsuit alleged that OzEmail deliberately removed reference to the fact that it was shareware and required registration. Trumpet Winsock 2.1 was the first timelocked version, released in July 1995. This was too late for OzEmail, which went ahead and distributed the 2.0B version without permission, before 2.1 was released, but it did have a draft README mentioning that the new version would be time-locked to 30 days and then need to be registered. That was also just before Windows 95 was released, which has built-in TCP/IP support. Trumpet Winsock 2.1 would not work with Win32 Winsock applications.

Through 1997 and 1998, OzEmail grew at a rapid rate through acquisitions and aggressive growth, while competing with some 850 ISPs. On 14 December 1998, WorldCom (later MCI) launched a takeover bid. On 24 February 1999, it became the 100% owner of OzEmail, removing OzEmail from the NASDAQ and ASX.  OzEmail continued its previous strategy of acquiring other companies. Malcolm Turnbull, who later became the Australian Prime Minister, was then chairman of OzEmail. He had purchased a stake in OzEmail in 1994 for $500,000 and sold his stake for $57 million in 1999 to WorldCom.

Perth based ISP iiNet purchased the assets of OzEmail on 28 February 2005 and started trading under the new name iiNet (OzEmail) Pty Ltd. Use of the OzEmail brand name was discontinued. Although existing customers kept their OzEmail usernames, new customers were signed up under the iiNet brand.

Voyager Internet
In 1995, OzEmail established a New Zealand offshoot, Voyager Internet, and was one of the first Internet providers in the country to go nationwide. Following the WorldCom scandal and its subsequent pulling out of consumer Internet services, by 2002 its customer base had been largely acquired by Telecom New Zealand's Xtra.

References

External links
OzEmail's history page.

Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Companies based in Sydney
Internet service providers of Australia
IiNet acquisitions
2005 disestablishments in  Australia

OzEmail


The Nissan Lucino is a small automobile nameplate used by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan between 1994 and 2000. The Lucino name applied simultaneously to a pair of entirely different vehicles—a two-door coupé version of the Sunny/Sentra (B14)—and badge engineered versions of the Nissan Pulsar (N15) three- and five-door hatchbacks. For Japan, coupés arrived first in 1994, followed by hatchbacks in 1995. Production in Japan ended in 1999, except for the five-door that lingered on until 2000.

Outside Japan, the coupé retailed in Mexico under its original name. North American customers were offered the coupé as the Nissan 200SX between 1995 and 1998, for model years of the same.

Coupé (B14; 1994–1999)

Based on the Nissan Sunny (B14) four-door sedan, the B14 series Lucino two-door coupé launched in 1994 to Japan, replacing the Sunny (B13) two-door sedan. The Lucino shared its basic styling, including front-end appearance, front-wheel-drive chassis, interior dashboard, and many dimensions with the Sunny. With the B14, Nissan decided to differentiate the two-door model from the four-door in Japan through means of a different name. This was to appeal to a new market of buyers who were very familiar with the Sunny, and augment the two-door coupé with badge engineered Nissan Pulsar (N15) hatchbacks, while still offering the Sunny as a four-door sedan. The affordable and traditionally practical two-door model was renamed Lucino, which was derived from the word "lucina", a character in Greek and Roman mythology for the goddess of birth.

All versions of the Lucino were exclusive to Nissan dealerships in Japan called Nissan Satio Store, just as the previous Sunny two-door had been. In 1999, when Nissan consolidated Nissan Satio Store locations into Nissan Red Stage, the Lucino coupé was cancelled.

In Mexico, the Lucino sold between 1996 and 2000 under its original name. In Mexico, two versions were available: GSE with the 1.6-liter engine, and GSR with the 2.0-liter unit.

Nissan 200SX

For the United States and Canada, Nissan renamed the Lucino, recycling the 200SX nameplate to designate the two-door coupé version of the Nissan Sunny/Sentra (B14). The 200SX, introduced in 1995 for the 1995 model year, replaced Nissan's previous compact two-door models, the Sentra (B13) and NX. With exception to this Lucino-derived model, every other Nissan with a name ending in "SX" refers to a car based on the Nissan S platform.

The North American 200SX came in base, SE, and sportier SE-R models. Base and SE editions shared the Sentra's twin-cam, 1.6-liter GA16DE inline-four engine. The SE-R inherited the  2.0-liter SR20DE engine used in the previous two-door Sentra SE-R. All three came with a five-speed manual transmission or four-speed automatic, and were equipped with dual airbags. Anti-lock brakes were optional in the SE and SE-R. The 200SX was never supplied with the SR16VE engine used by the Lucino in Japan.

North American cars received model year updates for 1996, 1997 and 1998:

1996
The SE and SE-R gained new body-colored mirrors and door handles.

1997
The base model adopted the same interior trim as its SE and SE-R companions, the round exhaust finisher was changed to an oval unit for this year's SE-R model, and the rear spoiler was made standard on all trim levels. For California, the SE-R was no longer available due to tightening emissions requirements.

1998
The SE-R returned to California this year, with additional emissions equipment on the SR20DE engine. The viscous limited-slip differential (VLSD) that came with the 1995 to 1997 model year SE-R trim levels was eliminated. All models received new head- and tail-lamps, revised bumpers. an altered grille, and white-face gauges. Base models replaced the 13-inch wheels with 14-inch versions. For the SE, an oval exhaust finisher replaced previous year's round exhaust finisher.

Hatchback (N15; 1995–2000)

Designated N15, the Lucino three- and five-door hatchbacks sold only in Japan, exclusive to the Nissan Satio Store from 1995. These were badge engineered versions of the Nissan Pulsar Series (N15) sold at Nissan Cherry Store locations. Three-door models lasted until 1999, with the five-door model seeing its demise in 2000, fully retiring the Lucino name and product line in Japan. This discontinuation occurred without a direct successor.

Production

Lucino
Coupés
Front-wheel-drive sports cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Sport compact cars
Cars introduced in 1994

Nissan Lucino


Izidor Cankar (22 April 1886 – 22 September 1958) was a Slovenian author, art historian, diplomat, journalist, translator, and liberal conservative politician. He was one of the most important Slovenian art historians of the first part of the 20th century, and one of the most influential cultural figures in interwar Slovenia.

Early life
Izidor Cankar was born in Šid, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (now part of the Serbian province of Vojvodina). His father, Andrej Cankar, was a Slovene tradesman from Inner Carniola, while his mother, Marija Huber, was from a mixed Danube Swabian–Croat family. Izidor was a cousin of the famous writer Ivan Cankar. At the age of seven, his father went bankrupt. Young Izidor was taken into foster care by his aunt Karolina Hofberg. Cankar grew up in a multicultural environment, and spoke Croatian, German, and Hungarian from a young age. He attended Croatian-language schools, and throughout his life he claimed his Croatian was better than his Slovene. In 1897, his cousins Ivan and Karlo Cankar convinced him to move to Ljubljana, where he attended the Classical Lyceum. In 1905, after finishing high school, he decided to become a priest and enrolled in the Roman Catholic seminary in Ljubljana. There, he met the theologian Andrej Kalan, who had a decisive influence on Cankar's future intellectual development.

After finishing the study of theology in Ljubljana in 1909, he enrolled in the University of Louvain, where he studied esthetics. During this period, he also spent time in London and in Paris. In 1910, he enrolled in the University of Graz, where he studied philosophy. In 1913, he obtained a PhD in art history at the University of Vienna with a thesis on the Italian baroque painter Giulio Quaglio, which he wrote under the supervision of the Slovene art historian France Stele. The same year he returned to Ljubljana, where he became the editor of the Catholic journal Dom in svet, transforming it into the most prestigious literary magazine in the Slovene Lands. Between 1918 and 1919, he worked as the chief editor of the conservative daily Slovenec, the most widespread Slovenian newspaper of the time. During the same period, he became active in the Slovene People's Party, taking part in the negotiations for the unification of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs with the Kingdom of Serbia.

After the formation of a unified Yugoslav state, he continued his studies in Vienna under Max Dvořák. In 1920, he returned to Ljubljana, where he became the director of the newly established Slovenian National Gallery. In 1923, he became a professor at the University of Ljubljana. During the same period, he decided to leave the priesthood. He did so in 1926, and married Ana Hribar, who came from a wealthy Ljubljana family. His departure from the priesthood and the Catholic Church and subsequent marriage surprised and outraged Ljubljana.

In 1933, he founded the Slovenian section of the International P.E.N., and he served as its first president until 1935. In May 1933, during the 11th congress of the international P.E.N. Club in Dubrovnik, Cankar voted for the expulsion of pro-Nazi writers from the organization, in contrast to the Croatian and Serbian representatives. At the same time, he became a close friend of the Yugoslav sculptor Ivan Meštrović and served as the godfather of his second daughter. In the late 1930s, he convinced his wife's family to donate money for the construction of the Museum of Modern Art in Ljubljana, of which he served as supervisor.

Diplomatic and political career
In 1936, Cankar was named Yugoslav ambassador to Argentina. He was in Buenos Aires during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. In 1942, the Yugoslav government in exile named him ambassador to Canada. In 1944, he resigned in protest against the policies of Prime Minister Božidar Purić, who continued to support the Serbian Chetnik resistance movement of Draža Mihajlović even after claims of his collaboration with the Nazi Germans in the fight against Tito's Partisans. Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King offered him a post in the Canadian foreign service, but Cankar declined. After the Treaty of Vis was signed between the newly appointed Yugoslav Prime Minister in exile Ivan Šubašić and the Yugoslav communist resistance leader Josip Broz Tito in June 1944, Cankar was named Minister of Culture and Telecommunications in the new coalition government. However, he resigned in autumn of the same year after failing to convince the leadership of the Slovene People's Party to recognize the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People and join forces with the Yugoslav Partisans.

In February 1945, he went to liberated Belgrade and was named ambassador to Greece. In 1947, he returned to Ljubljana, where he worked as a consultant for the National Gallery and the Museum of Modern Art. He was critical of the communist regime, but did not engage in any political action. In 1953, he became a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He died in Ljubljana in 1958, age 72, and was buried in Žale Cemetery.

Writing
In his early years, Cankar wrote several renowned essays, mostly related to esthetic issues. In 1911, he published the book Obiski (Encounters), a collection of interviews with contemporary Slovene authors and artists (Ivan Cankar, Rihard Jakopič, Fran Saleški Finžgar, Ivan Tavčar, Oton Župančič, Franc Ksaver Meško, and others). In 1913, he wrote his only major literary work, the essayistic novel, S poti (On the Way), written as a travelogue through Italy.

In 1926, Cankar published a major treatise in art history, Uvod v umevanje likovne umetnosti (An Introduction to the Understanding of Figurative Art), where he developed a systematic stylistic typology based on the theories of Heinrich Wölfflin. In the same year, he started publishing his magnum opus, Zgodovina likovne umetnosti v zahodni Evropi (History of Figurative Art in Western Europe), in which he applied his own esthetic theory in the overview of western art between late antiquity and the Renaissance. Between 1926 and 1936, he published the first critical edition of collected works of the writer Ivan Cankar, his cousin. In 1948, he also published Ivan Cankar's correspondence.

Izidor Cankar was also a translator: among other, he translated works of Jonathan Swift, Patrick Augustine Sheehan, André Maurois and Immanuel Kant.

Publications
 Cankar Iz. S poti. Ljubljana: Nova knjižnica / Nova založba, 1919. 3, 117 s.; Z cesty // Návštěvy. Sv. 5. Eva, 1921. 131 s. (czech); 2nd ed. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1996. 252 s.
 Cankar Iz. Uvod v umevanje likovne umetnosti. Sistematika stila. Izdaja 3.,. V Ljubljani: Karantanija, 1995. 185 s.
 Cankar Iz. Obisk na Rožniku In: Ivan Cankar, slovenski pisatelj: (1876-1918). Ljubljana: Mestni muzej, 1956.
Translations
 Lewis S. Babbitt / prevedel Izidor Cankar. Ljubljana : Državna založba Slovenije, 1953. 362 s.
 Swift J. Guliverjeva potovanja / prevedel Izidor Cankar. Ljubljana : Cankarjeva založba, 1967. 335 s.

See also
Alojzij Kuhar
Boris Furlan
Miha Krek

References

Further reading

 Rahten A. Izidor Cankar: A Diplomat of Two Yugoslavias. Mengeš - Ljubljana: Center for European Perspective - Scientific Research Council of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2009. 420 str., [16] str. pril.
 Rahten A. Izidor Cankar in Kraljevo jugoslovansko poslaništvo v Buenos Airesu = Izidor Cankar and the Royal Yugoslav Legation in Buenos Aires. Dve domovini : razprave o izseljenstvu = Two Homelands : migration studies. 2009. Št. 29. Str. 69-92.
 Rahten A. Očrt slovenske diplomacije ali diplomacije slovencev. Teorija in praksa : revija za družbena vprašanja.  2011. Št. 3 (maj-jun.). Str. 646-667, 814.
 Yugoslavia: El Mundo en Color. Textos de Jean Desternes, Izidor Cankar, Marcel Schneider, Mirko Hrovat y otros. Madrid: Ediciones Castilla, 1961. 448 pgs.

Yugoslav essayists
Diplomats from Ljubljana
20th-century male writers
Slovenian translators
English–Slovene translators
French–Slovene translators
German–Slovene translators
Yugoslav art historians
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Yugoslav journalists
Slovene People's Party (historical) politicians
Ambassadors of Yugoslavia to Argentina
Ambassadors of Yugoslavia to Canada
Ambassadors of Yugoslavia to Greece
Slovenian Roman Catholics
People of Hungarian German descent
Slovenian people of German descent
Slovenian people of Croatian descent
Journalists from Ljubljana
University of Graz alumni
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
1886 births
1958 deaths
Slovenian theologians
20th-century translators
People from Šid
20th-century essayists
20th-century journalists
Politicians from Ljubljana

Izidor Cankar


Meretz, Hebrew: מרצ , meaning Vigour, is an Israeli political party.

Its ideology is left-wing social democratic, green, secular, and Zionist.

Political leader is Nitzan Horowitz

Meretz was founded in 1992 as a result of a merger of three parties: Ratz, Mapam and Shinui.

From the previous election results, in March 2020, the number of seats in the 23rd Knesset: 3 (/). In the most recent election, held on 23 March 2021 for the 24th Knesset, the party obtained six seats, pending the final count outcome of surplus vote sharing with the Labor party.

Participating in the Bennett-Lapid Government.

Other websites

1992 establishments in Israel
Green political parties
Political parties in Israel
Social democratic parties
Zionist parties

Meretz


Spyro: Year of the Dragon is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. The game was published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the Playstation in 2000. Year of the Dragon is the third chapter in the Spyro series. It was the last Spyro game Insomniac developed; their next title would be Ratchet and Clank for the PlayStation 2. It was released in North America and the PAL regions in October and November 2000, separately. However, unlike the other 2 games, it was not given a Japanese release.

Named after the animal in the Chinese Zodiac, which was the symbol at the time of the game's release, Year of the Dragon is based on a nominal purple dragon Spyro as he travels to the "Forgotten Worlds" after 150 magical dragon eggs are stolen from the land of the dragons from an evil sorceress. People travel through thirty different worlds collecting gems and eggs. Year of the Dragon introduced new characters and minigames to the series, as well as improved graphics and music.

With it's release, the game sold more that two million copies in the United States and received critical approval. Reviewers noted the game built on the successful formula of its former chapters by adding new activities and wide-ranging environments.

It was remade as a part of Spyro Reignited Trilogy.

References

2000 video games
PlayStation-only games
Spyro video games

Spyro: Year of the Dragon


Badr Shakir al-Sayyab () (December 24, 1926 in Jaykur, near Basra – December 24, 1964 in Kuwait) was an Iraqi poet who is considered one of the most influential Arab poets of all time. His works have been translated into more than 10 languages including English, Persian, Somali and Urdu.

Early life and career
Basr Shakir al-Sayyab was born in Jaykur, a town south of Basra, the eldest child of a date grower and shepherd. His mother passed away when he was six years old. He graduated from the Higher Teacher Training College of Baghdad in 1948 but was later dismissed from his teaching position for being a member of the Iraqi Communist Party.

Banned from teaching because of his political views, he next found employment as a taster, working for the Iraqi Date Company in Basra. However, he soon returned to Baghdad, where he worked as a security guard for a road paving company. He was actively involved in the 1952 Iraqi Intifada, in which he joined his fellow workers in sacking the offices of the US Information Service, climbed up an electricity pole and declaimed a revolutionary poem he had composed the previous night. The government instituted a campaign of repression against Communist sympathizers in the wake of the uprising, and al-Sayyab feared that he would be arrested. He decided to flee the country, obtained a false Iranian passport under the assumed name of Ali Artink, and escaped over the border to Iran. From Abadan he then sailed to Kuwait in 1953. This journey was the subject of his poem 'An Escape'  (Farar).

He worked for a while at the Kuwait Electricity Company, but in 1954 he returned to Iraq and severed all his links with the Communist Party. He was therefore allowed to work in the Iraqi public service again, and given a job in the General Directorate for Import and Export. However after the 14 July Revolution he wrote poetry critical of the new head of state Abd al-Karim Qasim, and was therefore dismissed from his post once again in April 1959. Following the Kirkuk Massacre he became outspokenly anti-Communist and published a series of essays called 'Kuntu shiyū'iyyan' ('I was a Communist').

In 1957 the Syrian poet Adunis and the Lebanese poet Yusuf al-Khal began publishing a new magazine, Majallat Shi'r ('Poetry Magazine') in Beirut.  Sayyab began writing for it and this brought him into contact with other writers in their circle, including Ounsi el-Hajj, and Khalil Hawi. In 1960 Sayyab visited Beirut to publish a collection of his poetry, and won first prize (1000 Lebanese pounds) in a competition run by Majallat Shi'r for his collection Onshudat al-Matar (The Rain Song) which was later to become among his most widely acclaimed works.

Illness and death
Returning to Iraq, al-Sayyab was given a job at the Iraqi Ports Authority and moved to Basra. However, he was arrested again on 4 February 1961 and held until 20 February. By this time his political stance and rising literary fame had brought him to the attention of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, which invited him to attend a conference entitled 'The Arab Writer and the Modern World' in Rome. In the same year, his health began to deteriorate. In April 1962 he was admitted to the American University Hospital in Beirut, and his literary friends, including Yusuf Al-Khal, paid his fees. On his return to Basra in September 1962 the Congress for Cultural Freedom provided ongoing financial assistance to him and arranged for him to go to London to seek medical advice.

At the end of 1962, al-Sayyab travelled to the United Kingdom. Professor Albert Hourani had managed to grant him a fellowship at Durham University and he also thought about registering as a student at Oxford University to undertake a PhD, but was not able to do so. Admitted to St Mary's Hospital, London his illness was finally diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis From London he went to Paris for a week in March 1963, where his diagnosis was confirmed.

In February 1964 his already poor health took a sudden turn for the worse, and he was taken into the Basra Port Hospital with double pneumonia, heart problems and an ulcer. As his treatment continued beyond what he could afford, the Society of Iraqi Authors and Writers, of which he was a member, secured the agreement of the Ministry of Health to continue caring for him. Eventually the Kuwaiti poet Ali Al-Sabti persuaded the Kuwaiti government to take over his treatment, and he was moved to the Amiri Hospital in Kuwait on 6 July 1964. While being treated there, he published a number of poems in the magazine Al-Ra'ed al-'Arabi ('The Arab Pioneer'). He died in the hospital on 24 December 1964.

Legacy

Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's experiments helped to change the course of modern Arabic poetry. He produced seven collections of poetry and several translations, which include the poetry of Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet, and Edith Sitwell, who, with T. S. Eliot, had a profound influence on him. At the end of the 1940s he launched the free verse movement in Arabic poetry, with fellow Iraqi poet Nazik al-Mala'ika, Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati and Shathel Taqa, giving it credibility with the many fine poems he published in the fifties. The publication of his third volume, Rain Song, in 1960 was one of the most significant events in contemporary Arabic poetry, instrumental in drawing attention to the use of myth in poetry. He revolutionized every element of the poem and wrote on highly involved political and social topics, as well as many personal themes. The Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish was greatly impressed and influenced by the poetry of Badr Shakir al-Sayyab.

In the realm of literary controversy, Sayyab stated that Nazik al-Malaikah's claim to have discovered free verse herself was false, and drew attention to the earlier work of Ali Ahmad Bakathir (1910–69) who had developed the two-hemistich format in the mid 1930s.  It was Bakathir in fact who had written fractured (caesura) poetry for the first time in Arabic poetry.  Bakathir (1910–69), in the second edition of his book "Akhnatun wa Nefertiti", acknowledged the recognition Sayyab had brought him.

In 2014, some of Sayyab's works were banned from the Riyadh International Book Fair by the Saudi authorities.

Just like many well-known and modern Iraqi figures, one of the tables in the Dar al-Atraqchi Café in Baghdad was named after him in his honor.

Poetry
Christ After Crucifixion (المسيح بعد الصلب)
 Wilting Flowers (أزهار ذابلة, 1947)
 Hurricanes (أعاصير, 1948)
 Flowers and myths (أزهار وأساطير, 1950)
 Dawn of Peace (فجر السلام, 1951)
 The Grave Digger (Long Poem) (حفار القبور, 1952)
 The Blind Prostitute (المومس العمياء, 1954)
 Weapons and Children (الأسلحة والأطفال, 1955)
 Rain Song (انشودة المطر, 1960)
 The Drowned Temple (1962, المعبد الغريق)
 Alaguenan? Home (1963)
 The Balcony of the Nobleman's Daughter (1964, شناشيل ابنة الجلبي)

See also
 List of Iraqi artists

Footnotes

Suggested reading
Abbas, Ihsan "Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab's book, A Study of His Life and Poetry"
Placing the Poet: Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab and Postcolonial Iraq by Terri DeYoung State University of New York Press (31 May 1998)
 The Poetry of B.S. Al-Sayyab: Myth and the Influence of T.S. Eliot
 Reading T.S. Eliot in Arabic: A Talk with Ghareeb Iskander. ArabLit Quarterly, October 17, 2020

External links

Badr Shakir al-Sayyab Biography
Badr Shakir al-Sayyab Poems
al-ahram Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab Youssef Rakha outlines the life course of a modern legend.
Extended Biography

1926 births
1964 deaths
Iraqi Communist Party politicians
Iraqi communists
20th-century Iraqi poets
Iraqi Shia Muslims
People from Basra
Muslim socialists

Badr Shakir al-Sayyab


White-collar crime refers to crimes done by people who work in offices. Those people often wear shirts with white collars. This is a sign of high status.  Persons who work with their hands are sometimes called "blue collar" workers. Most white-collar crimes are done by persons in banking, business or government. The can include bribery, embezzlement, fraud or money laundering. The crimes are done along with their regular work. The term was created by Edwin Sutherland in 1939.

A related term, "fur-collar crime" refers to crimes committed by high-ranking officials, nobles and people of high status during the 15th century in Western Europe. Noble warriors, especially young bachelor knights who were not assigned any tasks, often did it. They robbed, plundered, and pillaged because they were bored and out of money. Crimes committed against a helpless peasantry by members of the nobility often went unpunished.

References

Financial crimes

White-collar crime


The Birds is a 1963 American horror movie. It was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It is set in San Francisco, California. The movie stars Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren. It was Tippi Hedren's first movie. It also stars Jessica Tandy, Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright. The movie is part of the National Film Registry, because it is culturally significant.

Plot
The story is about bird attacks. Melanie Daniels is a city woman. She meets Mitch Brenner at a pet store. She pretends to work at the store. She drives to Bodega Bay to give love birds to his daughter. She first goes to the center of town. She meets the school teacher Annie Hayworth. She takes a boat to cross the lake. She drops off the birds and goes back in the boat. Mitch follows by car. A seagull attacks Melanie on the boat. Mitch helps her out of the boat. Mitch bandages her cut in the restaurant.

Later Mitch invites Melanie to birthday party of Cathy. There, birds attack the children. Lydia's chickens have not been eating. So she goes to the neighbor. She finds his dead body. His eyes have been removed. Dead birds are in the room. At the schoolhouse, Melanie is waiting and birds come to the playground. Annie and the children leave the school building quietly, but the crows attack. Gulls attack the gas station in the town. Gasoline causes an explosion. The people panic and leave the restaurant. Melanie gets trapped in a telephone booth. Back at the restaurant, a woman accuses Melanie that it is all her fault.

Mitch and Melanie get Cathy from Annie's place. Annie is found dead. Melanie and the Brenners go to their house. Birds come in through the fireplace. They secure the windows and fireplace with wood and nails. The birds attack again. They eat at the wood of windows and doors. They break in through the roof. Melanie goes up to see and is attacked. Mitch comes up and brings Melanie downstairs. He listens to the radio in the car. The radio says that there were other attacks. The attacks were around Bodega Bay. Eventually the Brenners and Melanie leave. They drive with the car and take the lovebirds.

Cast

 Rod Taylor as Mitch Brenner
 Tippi Hedren as Melanie Daniels
 Jessica Tandy as Lydia Brenner, mother of Mitch and Cathy
 Veronica Cartwright as Cathy Brenner
 Suzanne Pleshette as Annie Hayworth, school teacher
 Ethel Griffies as Mrs. Bundy, ornithologist (somebody who studies birds)
 Charles McGraw as Sebastian Sholes, fisherman
 Lonny Chapman as Deke Carter, innkeeper
 Karl Swenson as Christian preacher
 Joe Mantell as Cynical Businessman
 Ruth McDevitt as Mrs. MacGruder, owner of the bird shop
 Malcolm Atterbury as Deputy Al Malone
 Elizabeth Wilson as Helen Carter, Deke's wife
 Richard Deacon as Mitch's neighbor in San Francisco
 Alfred Hitchcock makes his signature cameo as a man walking dogs out of the pet shop at the beginning of the film.

Production

Development
Evan Hunter did the screenplay for the movie. It is based on Daphne du Maurier's novella "The Birds". Hitchcock wanted the movie to start funny and end with horror. The audience would know bird attacks would come but not when. These things would create suspense. Hitchcock really liked suspense. The movie was to be shocking. Hunter and Hitchcock developed the story. Hitchcock wanted the ending to be puzzling and not clear. So he cut part of the original ending out.

Birds in the Film
Most of the birds were real. Some were mechanical like a machine. The real birds were caught and trained.

Soundtrack
There is much silence in the movie. This creates suspense. It is a contrast to the noise of the birds. There is no traditional score. The music tells the audience what emotions to have. Sound effects were created with the electroacoustic Mixtur-Trautonium. This was a form of synthesizer.

Special effects
The movie had many technical difficulties. It was challenging to make. There were many special effects for the birds. The sodium vapor process ("yellow screen") was used for the attack scenes of the birds. The process shoots two images at the same time and overlaps them. SVP was better for the fast-moving wings of the birds. Blue backing and sodium matter and optical printers were also used. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award for best special effects.

Themes and style

Themes
One theme in the movie is love vs. violence. The two lovebirds are in contrast to the violent crows and gulls, who attack people. There is also the theme of civilians being trapped. This is seen in the telephone booth. Melanie is trapped in a very small space and the birds attack. Any time someone goes out, they are in danger. At the Brenner's house, they must seal windows and doors. Outside, the birds surround them in every direction. In the beginning, only birds are in cages. Eventually humans are trapped like in a cage. There is conflict between nature and man. Humans can be very vulnerable to nature. The attack of the birds can also be a form of punishment.

Style
The movie is slow-paced and builds up to the attack scenes. This means that not much happens until the birds attack. When the birds attack, a lot happens and everything gets chaotic. There are many short shots put together in a short time. This is called montage editing. Eyeline matches and point-of-view (POV) are used. This is when the audience sees the same things the actors see. It is as if one is in the head of the actor. One can see their emotions and how they see things. The camera switches from facing the actor to the object of their sight and back again. There are also shots from the view of birds. An example is the birds-eye view. This happens when the birds attack the center of town and the gas station. One sees the entire town from above.

Real life event inspiration
The Birds film was partly inspired by the true events of a mass bird attack on the seaside town of Capitola in California on August 18, 1961.

"Capitola residents awoke to a scene that seemed straight out of a horror movie. Hordes of seabirds were dive-bombing their homes, crashing into cars and spewing half-digested anchovies onto lawns."

Alfred Hitchcock heard of this event and used it as research material for this film which was then in progress. The real cause of the birds' behaviour was toxic algae, but that was not known back in the 1960s.

Reception
The movie had mixed reviews at first. It received better reviews later. It is important in the horror genre. On Rotten Tomatoes it has positive reviews with a 95% rating.

Controversy
There was a controversy about Hitchcock and Hedren. Hitchcock seemed to be obsessed with her. She accused him of sexual assault. She was also injured on the movie set.

References

Other websites

1963 movies
1963 thriller movies
1963 horror movies
American horror movies
Movies about birds
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies set in California
Universal Pictures movies
Cult movies

The Birds (movie)


Neulette is a commune. It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France.
Neulette is currently under the lordship of the family that owns the town and they have a very huge peasant army of 16. In 1962 we had a population of 40, but a war with our neighbors brought that number down. Without the town of Neulette, the allies would have lost WW2.

Communes in Pas-de-Calais

Neulette


A shock site is a website that wants to be offensive and to shock people that see it. Shock sites usually show pictures that are meant to make people feel disgusted. These pictures are often violent, or pornographic. For example, in 2004 Goatse.cx showed a picture of a man stretching his anus. Often these sites are mentioned in emails, or online discussions, which tries  to trick users into following links to another website.

Common shock sites
 Goatse
 Meatspin
 Tubgirl
 Lemonparty
 2 Girls 1 Cup
 Mr. Hands
 Kids in a Sandbox
 Jar Squatter

Pranks

Shock site


Holy Flying Circus is a 90-minute BBC television comedy film first broadcast in 2011, written by Tony Roche and directed by Owen Harris.

The film is a "Pythonesque" dramatisation of events following the completion of Monty Python's Life of Brian, culminating in the televised debate about the film broadcast in 1979.

Plot
At a meeting in the offices of their film distributor, the members of Monty Python discuss allowing the film Life of Brian to be released in America first because of America's first amendment. John Cleese voices his support for the idea, and says that he loves Americans. We then see American reporters at a screening of the movie where a near riot is taking place, with the protesters condemning the film as "blasphemous". The Pythons review a disheartening statement made by a religious leader, implying that the film causes violence. Cleese misinterprets this (possibly deliberately) and goes off on a tangent about little kids carrying out copycat crucifixions on their friends. Their distributor, Barry, suggests a low profile approach for the UK release so as not to cause too much upset. "Let's not project an advert onto the side of Westminster Abbey or make Life of Brian Christmas crackers".

Much of the film is taken up with preparations for a debate on the BBC2 chat show Friday Night, Saturday Morning. Initially, the Pythons are reluctant to take part but decide that Cleese and Michael Palin should represent the troupe on the programme. Palin's wife is depicted with a remarkable resemblance to Terry Jones (Rufus Jones plays both parts). The production team of the BBC chat show eventually manage to gain a commitment from Malcolm Muggeridge and Mervyn Stockwood, then the Bishop of Southwark, to oppose the two Pythons. Portions of this televised discussion are recreated towards the end of the film.

Cast
 Darren Boyd as John Cleese
 Charles Edwards as Michael Palin
 Steve Punt as Eric Idle
 Rufus Jones as Terry Jones and Michael's Wife
 Tom Fisher as Graham Chapman
 Phil Nichol as Terry Gilliam
 Michael Cochrane as Malcolm Muggeridge
 Roy Marsden as Bishop of Southwark
 Tom Price as Tim Rice
 Stephen Fry as God
 Ben Crispin as Jesus
 Simon Greenall as Barry Atkins
 Paul Chahidi as Harry Balls
 Jason Thorpe as Alan Dick / Desmond Lovely
 Mark Heap as Andrew Thorogood

Title sequence
The title sequence for the film was created using a two meter tall Terry Gilliam-inspired Phonotrope created by Jim Le Fevre. It consisted of over 2000 laser-cut frames and was 1.8 meters wide at its base.

Reception
The film received mixed reviews from critics, while receiving just over half a million viewers on BBC Four and proving very popular on iPlayer. Chris Harvey of The Telegraph wrote, "Constantly inventive, often very funny, the drama followed a fictional religious group intent on pillorying the Pythons and having Life of Brian banned", although he added that it "abandoned some of its humour and subtlety for preachiness." Phil Dyess-Nugent at The A.V. Club praised the concept and most of the performances, but said: "At the risk of committing blasphemy myself, one problem may be that the filmmakers actually love the Pythons too much. If that is a problem, it was probably an insurmountable one, since no one who only loves Python to a sane and reasonable degree was ever going to conceive the idea for this movie." Most praised the casting of the Pythons, predominantly for Palin and Cleese. HFC gained approval from Palin and Terry Jones, but Cleese says he "absolutely detested" the drama, in particular Boyd's portrayal of him. Gilliam commented on the fact that Cleese did not like it, and reasoned that the Pythons would have no reason to complain about somebody "taking the piss" out of them when they'd been doing it to others for years.

References

External links

2011 television films
2011 films
2011 comedy films
BBC television comedy
Comedy films based on actual events
Films set in the 1970s
Monty Python
Cultural depictions of comedians
Cultural depictions of actors
Cultural depictions of British men
Films directed by Owen Harris (director)
2010s British films
British comedy television films

Holy Flying Circus


Doctor Anthony Druid, also known as Doctor Droom and Druid, is a fictional mystic and a supernatural monster-hunter appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Co-created by writer-editor Stan Lee and penciller Jack Kirby, he debuted as Dr. Anthony Droom in Amazing Adventures #1, published in March 1961 (with a cover date of June 1961). Kirby's art was inked by artist Steve Ditko. Dr. Droom appeared in four more issues of Amazing Adventures before his stories discontinued. Over a year later, artist Steve Ditko approached Stan Lee with a new magic character called Mr. Strange. Liking the idea, Stan Lee renamed the character Dr. Strange and wrote an origin story similar to Dr. Droom's. Dr. Anthony Droom was finally reintroduced to comics in 1976 in Weird Wonder Tales #19 in a retelling of his origin story which renamed him Dr. Anthony Druid. This retelling included new writing by Larry Lieber (brother of Stan Lee).

Through his knowledge, Dr. Druid has enhanced physical and mental abilities (such as hypnosis and the ability to sense magic) and knows how to counteract magic and protect against it (though rituals and special arrangement of symbols). According to the lore of Marvel Comics, this makes Dr. Druid a mystic but not a full sorcerer like Dr. Strange since he does not cast spells that alter the state of people or the environment around him and does not draw power from  Earth's magical energy, extra-dimensional energy, or energy linked to magical entities.

Considered a scholar of multiple fields, the brilliant Dr. Anthony Druid is originally a psychiatrist who then becomes an author and physician. After Dr. Druid undergoes a series of tests in Tibet, a dying lama and mystic mentally transmits to his mind secrets of how to enhance his own body and mind's power and control, as well as knowledge regarding magic and supernatural threats. Later it is said Dr. Druid also taps into the knowledge of Celtic ancestors regarding magic. With the combined knowledge of both his Celtic ancestors and the Tibetan lama, Dr. Druid acts as a magic-based consultant and hero of Earth. Over the years, he has worked with the superhero team known as the Avengers, and it is later said he was part of a group known as the Monster Hunters. On multiple occasions, he has worked with the sorcerer Dr. Strange.

Publication history
Originally introduced as Dr. Anthony Droom, the character debuted in Amazing Adventures #1 in 1961. The origin story was written by Stan Lee, penciled by Jack Kirby, and inked by Steve Ditko. In the story, Anthony Droom is referred to as a psychiatrist, scholar, and physician and is independently wealthy. After undergoing a series of tests in Tibet, he is chosen by a dying lama to protect humanity from threats. In this version of the character's origin, he is imparted with all of the lama's knowledge and then is also transformed by magic from his Caucasian appearance to now having the appearance of Asian heritage. He is told that his appearance suits his new knowledge and role. In the subsequent stories of Amazing Adventures, Droom continues to have an Asian appearance and is given a yellow skin tone.

After his origin in issue #1, Dr. Droom starred in stories in Amazing Adventures #2–4 and #6 (1961). Dr. Droom did not appear in the series again afterward, which was retitled as Amazing Adult Fantasy starting with issue #7 (the same series that with its final issue, Amazing Fantasy #15, would introduced Stan Lee and Steve Ditko's creation Spider-Man).

According to Lee, the idea of Doctor Droom was essentially succeeded by Doctor Strange: "... I always liked [Doctor Droom], but I forgot about him. It was a one-shot thing. And one day while we were trying to think of some new heroes, I thought I'd like to bring back a magician". Lee later clarified that the inciting incident to bring forth a magical character similar to Dr. Droom came when Steve Ditko brought him artwork for a character he called Mr. Strange. Stan Lee changed the name to Dr. Strange and gave the character a new version of Dr. Droom's origin, making Stephen Strange a physician who loses the use of his hands and then seeks out help from a sorcerer in the Himalayas for help, only to then become the man's student and return to New York as a sorcerer himself.

In 1976, Marvel editor Roger Stern thought to bring Doctor Droom back for issue #19 of Weird Wonder Tales, a series that reprinted previously published Marvel Comics stories, sometimes with new art. Issue #19 reprinted Dr. Droom's origin story but with some altered and added dialogue by Larry Lieber and with the protagonist now called Doctor Anthony Druid, new name conceived by Len Wein, presumably to avoid confusion with Marvel supervillain Doctor Doom. Dr. Druid sported a red outfit in his role as hero and the new version of his origin story removed the idea that the appearance of his racial heritage is altered by magic. Droom's second story was then reprinted in Weird Wonder Tales #20, again with new art work and with his name changed to Dr. Druid. The character then appeared in issues #21-22, but only as a host introducing fantasy stories to the reader. Weird Wonder Tales then ended with issue #23, which contained a reprint of another Droom story from Amazing Adventures. The story was introduced by a new splash page drawn by artist John Byrne. In the story, Droom's drab grey clothing was painted over with Druid's new red uniform.

Dr. Druid appeared next in The Incredible Hulk (vol. 2) #210-211 by writer Len Wein, and Ghost Rider (vol. 2) #26 by writer Jim Shooter. During Roger Stern's work as writer of Avengers in the 1980s, Dr. Druid frequently appeared as an associate of the team.

Dr. Druid appeared in the miniseries Druid #1–4 (May–Aug. 1995) by writer Warren Ellis and artist Leonardo Manco. In Marvel Universe #4–7 (Sept.–Dec. 1998), his backstory was expanded and retconned, now revealing he had been a member of the Monster Hunters, whose adventures took place between the "Age of Monsters" and the "Age of Heroes" (the latter era beginning when the Fantastic Four gain their powers and are soon followed by a wave of new public superheroes). Dr. Druid appeared as a Monster Hunter again in issue #2 of Marvel: The Lost Generation.

Doctor Druid was one of the featured characters in the 2011 three-issue limited series Chaos War: Dead Avengers.

Fictional character biography

Doctor Druid's real name is Dr. Anthony Ludgate Druid, although he usually refers to himself as Dr. Anthony Druid. He is an Irish psychiatrist and explorer as well as a minor telepath and magician, specializing mostly in hypnosis and other feats of mesmerism. He has minor magical abilities that have varied over the years. He is also an expert on the occult, having been trained by a Tibetan lama who had come to the U.S. for medical attention. Many years later, Druid discovered that the lama was, in fact, the Ancient One who selected Anthony Druid as a back-up in case his grooming of Doctor Strange failed.

Doctor Druid remained on the sidelines for years. He eventually appeared again and teamed with the Hulk against the Maha Yogi. With the Avengers, he encountered the Fomor and his ancestor Amergin.

Doctor Druid sometime later aided the Avengers in thwarting Baron Zemo and the fourth Masters of Evil's takeover of Avengers Mansion, making contact with the mentally damaged Blackout and helping him resist Zemo's control while also prompting him to bring Avengers Mansion back to Earth after banishing it into his Darkforce Dimension. He joined the ranks of the Avengers shortly after helping to defend from this attack. He battled a Dracula doppelganger in the realm of Death.

His membership was tainted when he was mind controlled by supervillainess the Terminatrix (at the time impersonating the space pirate Nebula) into manipulating the team on her behalf. While in this state, he even assumed chairmanship of the team for a very short period. When "Nebula" was cast into Limbo, Druid followed, as he was still under her thrall. He eventually regained control of his own mind and returned to Earth, where, after learning his true origin, he banished "Nebula" and became younger by magic.

Due to his actions while in the villain's thrall, Druid was disgraced. He was briefly reunited with his former teammates while working with Doctor Strange during the Infinity War, and later became the leader of the Secret Defenders. In that role, he was once again victimized by a villain's mind control, this time by the demon Slorioth. Doctor Druid and the demon were defeated, Druid faked his own death, and the team disbanded.

He then abandoned his spandex costume and became even more of a real, traditional druid, a fact reflected by his taking on the simple name of "Druid" and the new nature of his nature powers, but he let his feelings of rage and power lust take him over, went insane, was betrayed by his allies, and was finally killed by Hellstorm, the putative Son of Satan. Druid's ghost appeared later alongside the spirits of other dead ex-Avengers, confirming that Druid had, in fact, died this time. The Avengers later placed a memorial statue of him in the garden of Avengers Mansion.

A mere 36 hours before his death, Druid is visited by a time-traveling Black Widow. He happily assisted her with magical research pertaining to her mission, no wiser about his imminent demise.

Doctor Druid's son is introduced as one of Nick Fury's new recruits to fight against the Secret Invasion. Secret Invasion #4 reveals that he is operating under the name of Druid.

During the Chaos War storyline, Doctor Druid is among the dead heroes brought back to life when Amatsu-Mikaboshi dominated the death realms.

As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel, Doctor Druid resurfaced on Weirdworld. Nighthawk of Earth-31916, Blur of Earth-148611 and Tyndall were captured by Doctor Druid's minions and taken to his castle. He revealed to his captives that his soul took on a corporeal form when it found Weirdworld, where he remained so that he can still be alive. Doctor Druid also revealed that Ogeode built him a massive crystal on top of his castle to amplify his mind-control abilities, which brought anyone in his part of Weirdworld under his thrall. For some reason, Thundra and Tyndall were immune to his effects due to something related to time travel.

He later resurfaces on Earth and attempts to live a normal life, but does help Dr. Strange with a magical investigation.

Powers and abilities
Doctor Druid's latent mystical abilities were activated by the Ancient One. He has a variety of psionic abilities including telepathy which enables him to scan or project his thoughts to any mind on Earth, the ability to mesmerize minds less adept than his own, and the ability to perform mass hypnosis. Doctor Druid's hypnotic abilities enable him to achieve numerous illusory effects, including invisibility, altering the appearance of himself and others, and the projection of illusionary objects or beings. He has psychokinetic powers enabling him to levitate himself or other people and objects. Doctor Druid has limited precognitive abilities and can sense the presence of recent uses of magic and trace them to their sources.

Doctor Druid's druidic powers have a special vulnerability to iron, as did the powers of his ancestors. Iron tends to act as a lightning rod for the magical forces he employs, sometimes disrupting their effects.

Doctor Druid employs the mystical knowledge and skills of the ancient druids. Through magic rituals that may involve chants, runes, candles, potions, mystic symbols, and other such preparations, Doctor Druid can achieve various magical feats. These rituals tap the inherent mystical energies in natural objects and materials. Doctor Druid possesses various Celtic mystical artifacts as well. At one time, Druid even had access to the Moebius Stone, which was a mystic item created by Agamotto that had a limited ability to manipulate time. The stone was able to raise the dead, absorb the life-force of another, and accelerate or reverse the passage of time within a confined area, though sometimes random time-related side effects occurred. Doctor Druid eventually destroyed the artifact because he felt it was too powerful to fall into the wrong hands. Doctor Druid can also call upon the Celtic war goddesses Morrigan, Macha, and Badb for mystical assistance. Doctor Druid also possesses various yogic abilities, including control over involuntary functions of his body such as his heartbeat, respiration, bleeding, and reaction to pain.

In his latest and final incarnation, when he was called only "Druid", he has been seen manipulating fire, and making a tree instantaneously grow in a person's stomach from the seeds of an eaten apple. These powers were nature-based (elements, plants, etc.) as the druids of old worshipped nature.

Druid has earned an M.D. from Harvard, completed a residency in psychiatry, and has extensive knowledge of occult lore, especially Celtic lore.

Original Doctor Droom appearances

Amazing Adventures

All reprinted in Amazing Fantasy Omnibus (2007). The previous reprints below were edited to reflect name-change to "Doctor Druid" plus other retcons:
 #1 (June 1961)—"I Am the Fantastic Dr. Droom"
Reprinted in Weird Wonder Tales #19 (Dec. 1976)
 #2 (July 1961)—"The World Below"
Reprinted in Weird Wonder Tales #22 (May 1977)
 #3 (Aug. 1961)—"Dr. Droom Meets Zemu"
Reprinted in Weird Wonder Tales #20 (Jan. 1977)
 #4 (Sept. 1961)—"What Lurks Within?"
Never reprinted outside Amazing Fantasy Omnibus
 #6 (Nov. 1961)—"Dr. Droom Defies the Menace Called...Krogg"
Reprinted in Giant-Size Man-Thing #3 (Feb. 1975)

Other versions

Guardians of the Galaxy
In an alternate future, detailed in the Killraven series, Martians had come to Earth and wiped out much of humanity. Doctor Druid is one of the few survivors of the North American battles and leads a resistance movement based in Ireland. He also works to make sure the Martian battle is recorded in the Book of Kells.

Marvel Apes
An alternate universe version of Doctor Druid appears in the 2008 miniseries Marvel Apes #2–4 (Nov.–Dec. 2008). Druid plays a key role in issue #3 (Dec. 2008) in which he uses his staff, the Monkey's Paw, to control the realm created by Doctor Strange.

Marvel Zombies
An alternate universe version of Doctor Druid appears in the 2007 miniseries Marvel Zombies vs. The Army of Darkness. Infected with the zombie virus, he visits Doctor Strange seeking help to stop from turning. With Strange having left to join the resistance, a ravenous Druid reluctantly consumes Strange's assistant, Wong. Despite pleading for mercy and understanding from Ash Williams, Dazzler, and the Scarlet Witch, Ash surprises Druid and blows his head off with his shotgun.

Secret Wars (2015)
During the Secret Wars storyline, a variation of Doctor Druid appears in the Battleworld domain of Technopolis. He acts as a forensics scientist at the city morgue and helps Grand Marshall Rhodes investigate the murder of Spyder-Man (the superhero alias of Ben Urich's nephew Peter Urich).

Reception

Newsarama ranked Doctor Druid as the fourth worst Avengers member describing him as "most notably responsible for becoming the leader of the Avengers only to betray them after being mocked by Daimon Hellstrom, presumably for looking like Rip Torn in a cloak". The Slings and Arrows Comic Guide found him to be "always a third-stringer", and when he received his own miniseries, it was found to be a "total yawner".

References

External links
 Doctor Druid at Marvel.com
 The Grand Comics Database

 Doctor Droom at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 14, 20162.

Avengers (comics) characters
Characters created by Jack Kirby
Characters created by Stan Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1961
Fictional druids
Fictional Harvard University people
Fictional physicians
Fictional psychiatrists
Fictional wizards
Irish superheroes
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics characters who use magic
Marvel Comics telekinetics
Marvel Comics telepaths
Mythology in Marvel Comics

Doctor Druid


Sinners in the Sun is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama film directed by Alexander Hall, and starring Carole Lombard, Chester Morris, Adrienne Ames, and Alison Skipworth. It was produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
Doris Blake works as a top model for Louis in a very chic New York City dress shop. Her boyfriend Jimmie Martin is an auto mechanic. When he comes to pick her up, he talks about marriage, but she argues they both have no money. At a picnic, they quarrel again, and he breaks up with her.

Later, Doris meets the very rich, very eccentric Claire Kinkaid at the shop. To Doris's surprise, Claire does not much care for her own lavish lifestyle. Claire asks her if she has a boyfriend; when Doris tells her they broke up, Claire tells her that a boyfriend is the only thing she wants. Jimmie is standing outside. When Doris and Claire step out, he pretends to be fixing a fancy car, which turns out to be Claire's. When he wishes he could drive it, she invites him to do just that. Then, she offers him a job as her chauffeur. He accepts because he wants a change of scenery, far away from Doris.

Later, Jimmie drives Claire to a charity fashion show, where Doris is one of the models (though Jimmie has to leave before she goes on). Doris "borrows" a swimsuit and goes for a swim before the show. She meets Eric Nelson. When he becomes too fresh and kisses her, Doris slaps him, twice, and swims away. Eric sees her modeling. At the end of the party, she meets his wife. Eric assures her they will be divorcing soon. On their way home, Claire proposes to Jimmie, and promises him a wonderful time in her 50-room mansion; he says "Aw, I don't want to marry anybody!"

Meanwhile, Eric gets Doris to go out with him night after night. Her father becomes fed up with her (albeit innocent) involvement with a married man and throws her out. When Jimmie finds out Doris has been thrown out, he tells Claire he is quitting. Claire inquires if his quitting is because of the girl he cannot forget, then, again, asks him again to marry her. This time, he accepts.

When Doris reads in the newspaper that Jimmie and Claire have wed and she is upset. Previously, had turned down jewelry from Eric, now she accepts his gifts, an apartment, and lavish spending on her. Doris also acquires an unwanted admirer, Eric's friend Ridgeway, who has grown tired of his girl, Lil. Lil confides to her friend Doris that she is in love with Ridgeway; Doris claims she will never again love a man. Lil, knowing she has lost Ridgeway, takes poison and dies.

Jimmie and Doris each in their own way live the fast life. They run into each other at a restaurant. He lashes out at her verbally and stalks out. Then, Ridgeway shows up with the news that Eric has patched things up with his wife. Ridgeway gives her a check from Eric and makes it clear he expects to take Eric's place. Doris tells him to get out. Jimmie tells Claire he finally realizes what he is, a kept man. They part amicably.

Eric returns from Europe and finds Doris working as a dressmaker, and tells her that he has gotten a divorce. He wants to get back with her and says, "I'll marry you if you want me to."  Doris is not interested. Just then, Jimmie's dog finds her. Jimmie has struck out on his own in his own business. The couple reconcile.

Cast

Reception
The Times called the film a "display of luxury", and that its chief merit is the "slickness of it luxurious accompaniment". They particularly praised the performance of Ames, writing: "Miss Adrienne Ames, though afflicted with dialogue of the utmost crudity, gives a genuine touch of character to the rich young woman whom our hero erroneously marries".

Mordaunt Hall, in his New York Times review, called it "a lavishly produced, trivial story" and " all more than slightly incredible". He thought that, while many of the cast gave competent or good performances, Morris was miscast.

References

Sources

External links

1932 films
1932 romantic drama films
American black-and-white films
American romantic drama films
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Alexander Hall
Films set in New York City
Films set in New York (state)
Paramount Pictures films
Films based on works by Mildred Cram
1932 directorial debut films
1930s American films

Sinners in the Sun


The Hoyerswerda riots () were xenophobic riots that lasted from 17 to 23 September 1991 in Hoyerswerda, a town in the north-east of Saxony, Germany.

The riots started with a group of mainly young neo-Nazis attacking Vietnamese street hawkers. After the intervention of the police, a hostel used mainly by Mozambican contract workers came under attack. In the following night, further riots took place in Hoyerswerda and foreigners were hurt. On the fourth night, stones and petrol bombs were thrown at an apartment block in Thomas-Müntzer-Straße that housed asylum seekers. During the clashes, 32 people were hurt and 83 were arrested.

After the incidents, the Saxony government evacuated the asylum seekers from Thomas-Müntzer-Straße and many contract workers left the town. In 1991, the word ausländerfrei (free of foreigners) became a synonym for the riot and the 'un-word of the year' in Germany 1991.

The city made efforts to polish its public image and to take action against right-wing radicals. Although the presence of right-wing radicals in the city is less visible, it is still a centre of right-wing extremism. In 2006, the Jungen Nationaldemokraten, the youth organisation of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany, organised a demonstration to remember the 1991 riots. The police arrested over 50 counter-demonstrators and the demonstration took place.

See also
 Riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen
 Solingen arson attack of 1993

References

External links
 Time Magazine article of 14 October 1991

Anti-Asian sentiment in Europe
Anti-Vietnamese sentiment
Ethnic riots
Riots and civil disorder in Germany
Hoyerswerda
1991 in Germany
Protests in Germany
Neo-Nazi attacks in Germany
1990s in Saxony
September 1991 events in Europe

Hoyerswerda riots


Blue Mountains may mean:

Geography
Blue Mountains (New South Wales), Australia
City of Blue Mountains, a local government area west of Sydney
Blue Mountains railway line
Electoral district of Blue Mountains
Greater Blue Mountains Area, a World Heritage Site
Blue Mountains (Nunavut), Canada
The Blue Mountains, Ontario, a town in Canada
Blue Mountains (Congo), northwest of Lake Albert
Sinimäed Hills (Blue Mountains) in Estonia, near Narva
Nilgiri mountains (Blue Mountains), southern India
Blue Mountains (Jamaica)
Blue Mountains (New Zealand), in West Otago
Blue Mountains (Niger), a mountain range near the Aïr Mountains in Niger
Blue Mountains (Oregon), United States
Blue Mountains (ecoregion), a Level III ecoregion
Blue Mountains or Abajo Mountains, Utah, United States

Fictional
The Blue Mountains (Elgar), a song about Australia by Sir Edward Elgar to a poem by Alfred Noyes
The Blue Mountains (fairy tale), a fairy tale by Andrew Lang in The Yellow Fairy Book
Blue Mountains (Middle-earth) or Ered Luin, fictional mountains in Tolkien's Middle-earth

Blue Mountains


Blagoveshchensk () is a city in Russia's Amur Oblast. It is the capital of Amur Oblast. As of 2021, the city has 241,437. People from Blagoveshchensk can see Heihe in Mainland China, because it is in the China-Russia border.

History
Blagoveshchensk is founded in 1856 as a fort, then Blagoveshchensk has become a major centre of the Russian Far East. Although remotely located, Blagoveshchensk has good communications by the navigable Amur River, a connection to the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and several motor roads. Blagoveshchensk's industries include food processing; timber working; the making of gold-mining machinery, electrical apparatus, and woolens; and the building and repair of rivercraft.

Blagoveshchensk is home to a number of ornate 19th-century buildings, many of which were restored in the late 1990s.

Geography
Blagoveshchensk is located in the China-Russia border. It faces Heihe, Heilongjiang, China on the south. People from Blagoveshchensk can see China from the naked eye. It is 7,750 kilometers southeast of Moscow, 8,179 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg, 7,287 kilometers southeast of Nizhny Novgorod, 5,951 kilometers southeast of Yekaterinburg, and 4,373 kilometers southeast of Novosibirsk.

Capitals of oblasts of Russia

Blagoveshchensk