John Russell Murphy (11 July 1959 – 11 October 2015) was an Australian drummer, percussionist and multi-instrumental session musician who played in Australian and British post-punk, ambient and industrial music groups.

Early life
John Russell Murphy was born on 11 July 1959 and raised in Melbourne, Victoria. His father, Russ Murphy, was a jazz drummer who played for many years with the Graeme Bell All Stars, John started learning drums and percussion from the age of 4. For secondary schooling he attended Scotch College, where he played in the school orchestra and in military and Scottish pipe bands.

Career
John Murphy, as John Smith from the Suburbs, was the founding drummer in 1977 of punk band, News, with Adam Punk (real name Gavin Quinn) on vocals, Jarryl Circus (real name Jarryl Wirth) on guitar and Joy Relentless (real name Julie Jordan) on bass guitar. Jordan, Quinn and Wirth were all former members of Babeez. News' debut single, "Dirty Lies", was released in May 1978. In the following year they issued "Dowanna Love" and then "Sweet Dancer".

By May 1979 Murphy had left News and joined Whirlywirld, fronted by Ollie Olsen on lead vocals. Along with fellow Melbourne group Primitive Calculators, Whirlywirld was instrumental in fostering the experimental little band scene, of which Murphy was an active participant. Murphy served as an advisor for, and appeared in, director Richard Lowenstein's dramatisation of the scene, the 1986 film Dogs in Space. In 1980 Murphy and Olsen travelled to London and formed Hugo Klang, which issued a single, "Grand Life for Fools and Idiots", in 1982. They followed with "The Wheel of Fat". Murphy returned to Australia in 1984 where he continued to work with Olsen until the early 1990s in various post-punk bands: Orchestra of Skin and Bone (1984–86), NO (1987–89), and Max Q (1989–90).

Murphy worked with the following acts: the Associates (1980–81), Dumb and the Ugly, Harpoon (1995–97) Sooterkin Flesh, the Slub, SPK, Lustmord, Our Father of Serpents, Stress, Jaundiced Eye, the Wreckery (1988), Box the Jesuit (1990), Bushpig (1992), Whitehouse, Death in June, Der Blutharsch, Sword Volcano Complex, Browning Mummery, Current 93, Blood Axis, Kraang, Sleeping Pictures, Scorpion Wind, Naevus, Nikolas Schreck, NON and Of the Wand & the Moon, in addition to playing on sessions for Nico, Zeena Schreck, The The, Gene Loves Jezebel and Shriekback.

He recorded solo under the name Shining Vril, and as part of the industrial electronic trio Knifeladder, and as a member of the folk-noise group Foresta Di Ferro, and as part of the industrial music trio Last Dominion Lost.

Murphy died from an illness in Berlin, at age 56.

Tributes
After his death, the Epicurean record label produced a lavishly printed, three-CD box set compilation of various musical artists who performed with Murphy throughout his life, from the very earliest years up until his end months. The extensive memorial tribute, All My Sins Remembered - The Sonic Worlds of John Murphy is a collaborative effort of many musicians to help raise financial support for Murphy's widow to offset the medical and funeral expenses incurred.

References

External links

1959 births
The Associates (band) members
Australian drummers
Male drummers
Australian electronic musicians
Australian industrial musicians
2015 deaths
Max Q (Australian band) members
Whitehouse (band) members
Death in June members
Orchestra of Skin and Bone members
No (band) members
Whirlywirld members
Noise musicians

John Murphy (musician)


V for Vendetta is a ten-issue graphic comic book series from DC Comics and Vertigo, written by Alan Moore and illustrated mostly by David Lloyd. It is set in a dystopian future United Kingdom imagined from the 1980s about the 1990s, which has become a totalitarian fascist dictatorship. The protagonist and title character, known simply as "V", is an anarchist who intends to lead a revolution and bring down the fascist state. It was published from 1982 to 1988.

In 2005, it was made into a movie with the same name. Unlike in the comic book, the movie takes place in 2020. There are also a few differences from the comic book.

Other websites

V for Vendetta official site  at DC Comics
V for Vendetta: Comic vs. Film at IGN
An Annotation of Literary, Historic and Artistic References in Alan Moore's Graphic Novel, V For Vendetta  by Madelyn Bourdeaux

American comic books

V for Vendetta


William Edmond (September 28, 1755 – August 1, 1838) was a United States representative from Connecticut.  He was born in Woodbury, Connecticut and attended the common schools.  He graduated from Yale College in 1778. He then served in the Revolutionary Army during the American Revolution. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1780 and commenced practice in Newtown, Connecticut.

Edmond was member of the Connecticut State House of Representatives 1791–1797, 1801, and 1802. He also served in the Connecticut Senate 1797–1799. He was elected as a Federalist to the Fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Davenport and was reelected to the Sixth Congress and served from November 13, 1797, to March 3, 1801. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1800 and resumed the practice of law in Newtown. He served as an associate judge of the Connecticut Supreme Court 1805–1819. He retired to private life and continued the practice of law. He died in Newtown, Fairfield County, Connecticut on August 1, 1838 and was buried in Newtown Village Cemetery with his two wives, Elizabeth J. Chandler and Elizabeth Payne, and his children Mary E., Elizabeth, Sarah, William Payne, Ann M. and Robert Edmond Edmond, M.D.

His obituary from the Daily National Intelligencer (DC), Sep. 22, 1838, p. 3 reads,
"DEATHS. At Newtown, Conn. Hon. WILLIAM EDMONDS, aged 83 years. The deceased was engaged in the Revolutionary war, in which he was wounded: he was admitted to the bar in 1780 : in 1798 he was elected a Representative in Congress, was re-elected in 1800, and at the commencement of the second session of that Congress he resigned his seat and returned to the practice of his profession, in which he continued with marked success until 1805, when he was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court. He continued to hold this office until the adoption of the Constitution of his State. The number of Judges was then reduced from nine to five, and the deceased, with several other members of the Court, retired to private life."

References

1755 births
1838 deaths
Members of the Connecticut General Assembly Council of Assistants (1662–1818)
People of Connecticut in the American Revolution
Yale College alumni
Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut
People from Woodbury, Connecticut
People from Newtown, Connecticut
Justices of the Connecticut Supreme Court

William Edmond


Cecily Neville, Duchess of Warwick, Countess of Worcester (c.1425 – 26 July 1450) was a daughter of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury. Her siblings included Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick; John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu; George Neville, (Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England); Katherine Neville, Baroness Hastings; and Alice Neville, Baroness FitzHugh.

Life
She was most likely named after her paternal aunt, Cecily Neville, Duchess of York. Her first cousins included Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter; Edmund, Earl of Rutland; Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk; Margaret of York; George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence; and Kings Edward IV and Richard III.

She first married Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, and the only King of the Isle of Wight (as well as of Jersey and Guernsey). Their only daughter was Lady Anne Beauchamp, who was allowed to succeed as suo jure 15th Countess of Warwick. Upon the death of the 15th Countess, the title was inherited by her paternal aunt, also named Lady Anne. Lady Anne married Cecily's brother, Richard Neville, who would become jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick.

Her second husband was John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester. They had no children.

She is buried with her first husband, the Duke of Warwick, in Tewkesbury Abbey.

Ancestry

References

,

1420s births
1450 deaths
Warwick
Worcester
Daughters of British earls
Cecily
Burials at Tewkesbury Abbey
15th-century English women
15th-century English people

Cecily Neville, Duchess of Warwick


Henry Augustus Mears (1873 – 4 February 1912) was an English businessman, most notable for founding Chelsea Football Club.

He was born in 1873, the son of Joseph and Charlotte Mears.

In 1896, Mears and his brother Joseph purchased the Stamford Bridge Athletics Ground and later the nearby market garden with the intention of turning it into the country's finest football ground and staging high-profile matches there. He failed to persuade Fulham FC chairman Henry Norris to re-locate his club to the ground, and considered selling the land to the Great Western Railway Company, who wished to use it as a coal yard.

Mears was ultimately persuaded not to sell up, and instead decided to found his own team, Chelsea, in March, 1905. The story goes that he was on the verge of giving up on the football project when his Scotch Terrier bit his colleague Fred Parker, who still supported the idea. So impressed was Mears with his friend's reaction, he decided to take his advice.

Mears was on the club's first board of directors, but did not live to see the club achieve any success. His dream of making Stamford Bridge one of England's top stadiums was realised, however, as it staged the FA Cup Final from 1920-23. His descendants continued to own the club until 1982, when his great-nephew Brian sold it to Ken Bates.

Death
Mears died in 1912, and his grave is in the nearby Brompton Cemetery, London.

References

1873 births
1912 deaths
English football chairmen and investors
Chelsea F.C. chairmen and investors
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
19th-century English businesspeople

Gus Mears


Jean Émile Auguste Bernard (28 November 1843 – 11 September 1902) was a French Romantic composer and organist.

Bernard was born in Marseille and studied at the Paris Conservatoire; his organ teacher was François Benoist and his piano teacher was Antoine François Marmontel. He was organist at the Notre Dame des Champs from 1885 until his retirement in 1895.  He died in Paris.

His Fantasy and Fugue won the 1877 prize of the Société de Compositeurs de Paris. His Violin Concerto was dedicated to and performed by Pablo de Sarasate in 1895 at the Conservatoire. Other works include a Suite for Violin and Piano, a Concertstück for Piano and Orchestra, a Rondo for Cello and Orchestra, and a Divertissement for Doubled Wind Quintet (Op. 36) which was first written for the Société des Instruments à Vent.

Media

References

External links

1843 births
1902 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century French composers
19th-century French male musicians
19th-century organists
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
French classical organists
French male classical composers
French Romantic composers
French male organists
Musicians from Marseille
20th-century French male musicians
Male classical organists

Émile Bernard (composer)


Mayurasharma or Mayuravarma (reigned 345–365 CE), a native of Talagunda (in modern Shimoga district), was the founder of the Kadamba Kingdom of Banavasi, the earliest native kingdom to rule over what is today the modern state of Karnataka, India. Before the rise of the Kadambas, the centres of power ruling the land were outside the Karnataka region; thus  the Kadambas' ascent to power as an independent geo-political entity, with Kannada, the language of the soil as a major regional language, is a landmark event in the history of modern Karnataka with Mayurasharma as an important historical figure. The earliest Kannada language inscriptions are attributed to the Kadambas of Banavasi.

Early life

There are several legends and tales that describe the progeny of the Kadamba family. One legend states the family descended from a three-eyed, four-armed being called Trilochana Kadamba who sprang to life from the drops of sweat from the forehead of Shiva falling at the roots of a Kadamba tree. Another legend states Mayurasharma was born of Rudra (a form a Shiva) and the mother earth under an auspicious Kadamba tree and that he was born with a third eye on his forehead. According to yet another tale, Mayurasharma was born to the sister of a Jain Muni under a Kadamba tree. It appears that all these legends evolved so as to present the founder of the kingdom as a demi-god.

The Talagunda inscription of 450 is considered the most reliable source of information about the family of Mayurasharma and the origin of the Kingdom. The inscription is known to be free of legends, giving a realistic and true account of the Kadamba line of kings. According to the inscription, Mayurasharma was a Vaidika Brahmin scholar and a native of Talagunda. He was the son of Bandhushena, grandson of his guru (teacher) Veerasharma and a student at the Agrahara (place of learning) in Talagunda. The inscription confirms the family is named for the Kadamba tree that grew near the family home. It is further claimed that they were a Kannadiga Dravidian family inducted into the Brahminic fold as was popular in the medieval times. The Gudnapur inscription further confirms Mayurasharma's parentage and that he acquired the character of a Kshatriya.

Birth of a kingdom
According to the Talagunda inscription, Mayurasharma went to Kanchi the capital of the Pallavas to pursue his Vedic studies accompanied by his guru and grandfather Veerasharma. Kanchi was an important Ghatikasthana (centre of learning) at that time. There, having been humiliated by a Pallava guard (horseman), in a rage Mayurasharma gave up his Brahminic studies and took to the sword to avenge his insult. The inscription vividly describes the event thus:

It can be said that the rise of Mayurasharma against the Pallava hold over the Talagunda region was actually a successful rebellion of Brahmins against the domination of the Kshatriya power as wielded by the Pallavas of Kanchi. Thus was born, in a moment of righteous indignation, the first Kingdom native to present day Karnataka region. Other scholars however feel Mayurasharma's rebellion was well timed to coincide with the defeat of Pallava Vishnugopa by the southern invasion of Samudragupta of northern India. Mayurasharma first succeeded in establishing himself in the forests of Shriparvata (possibly modern Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh) by defeating the Antharapalas (guards) of the Pallavas and subduing the Banas of Kolar. The Pallavas under Skandavarman were unable to contain Mayurasharma and recognised him as a sovereign in the regions from the Amara ocean (western ocean) to Prehara (Malaprabha river). Some historians feel that Mayurasharma was initially appointed as a commander (dandanayaka) in the army of the Pallavas, as the inscription uses such terms as Senani and calls Mayurasharma Shadanana (six-faced god of war). However, after a period of time, availing himself of the confusion caused by the defeat of Pallava Vishnugopa by Samudragupta (from the Allahabad inscriptions), Mayurasharma carved out a kingdom with Banavasi (near Talagunda) as his capital. It is also known that in other battles, Mayurasharma defeated the Traikutas, Abhiras, Sendrakas, Pallavas, Pariyathrakas, Shakasthana, the Maukharis and Punnatas. To celebrate his successes, Mayurasharma performed many horse sacrifices and granted 144 villages (known as brahmadeyas) to Brahmins of Talagunda. With an effort to rejuvenate the ancient Brahminic faith and to perform the royal rituals and the related functions of the government, Mayurasharma invited learned Vaidika Brahmins from Ahichatra. The Havyaka Brahmins claim descent from these early Brahmin settlers of the 4th century called the Ahichatra Brahmins or the Ahikaru/Havikaru.

In popular media

 Mayurasharma was the protagonist in the 1975 Kannada film Mayura starring Rajkumar. The story is a depiction of the early years of conflict with the Pallava rulers and Mayurasharma's eventual ascension to the Kadamba throne.
 Literature : The famous Telugu writer, poet and scholar, a Jnanapeeth recipient, Padmabushan Visawanatha Satyanarayana wrote the story of Mayura Sharma as a novel named 'Kadimi Chettu ' (Literal translation: The Kadamba Tree) in Telugu.

Notes

References
 George M. Moraes (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990
 Suryanath U. Kamath,  Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002)
 K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi

External links
 Kadambas of Banavasi , Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
  History of Karnataka by Dr.Arthikaje

Year of birth unknown
365 deaths
Kadambas
Hindu monarchs
People from Shimoga
4th-century Indian monarchs

Mayurasharma


A marot jar is a special kind of syphon or siphon device invented some time during the 1700s. The device is filled up water and lets it out in a special way so that the speed and amount of water that comes out is always the same, even if the jar is completely full or almost empty.

In the diagram (see right), an air-tight jar contains some water (blue) and some air (yellow). The green pipe is started as a siphon so that water starts flowing out of the pipe. Because the pipe lets out water, the pressure on the inside of the jar is less than the pressure outside, so it causes air to be sucked in through the orange pipe. Because the pressure is going to tend to being the same inside and outside of the jar, the water is going to flow out of the pipe at the same speed and amount.

Containers
Fluid mechanics

Marot jar


The Mahavidya (, , lit. Great Wisdoms) are a group of ten Hindu Tantric goddesses. The 10 Mahavidyas are usually named in the following sequence: Kali, Tara, Tripura Sundari, Bhuvaneshvari, Bhairavi , Chhinnamasta, Dhumavati, Bagalamukhi, Matangi and Kamala.  Nevertheless, the formation of this group encompass divergent and varied religious traditions that include yogini worship, Saivism, Vaishnavism, and Vajrayana Buddhism.

The development of the Mahavidyas represent an important turning point in the history of Shaktism as it marks the rise of the Bhakti aspect in Shaktism, which reached its zenith in 1700 CE. First sprung forth in the post-Puranic age, around 6th century C.E., it was a new theistic movement in which the supreme being was envisioned as female. A fact epitomized by texts like Devi-Bhagavata Purana, especially its last nine chapters (31-40) of the seventh skandha, which are known as the Devi Gita, and soon became central texts of Shaktism.

Names
Shaktas believe, "the one Truth is sensed in ten different facets; the Divine Mother is adored and approached as ten cosmic personalities," the Dasa-Mahavidya ("ten-Mahavidyas"). As per another school of thought in Shaktism Mahavidyas are considered to be form of Mahakali. The Mahavidyas are considered Tantric in nature, and are usually identified as:

Kali The goddess who is the ultimate form of Brahman, and the devourer of time (Supreme Deity of Kalikula systems). Mahakali is of a pitch black complexion, darker than the dark of the dead of the night. She has three eyes, representing the past, present and future. She has shining white, fang-like teeth, a gaping mouth, and her red, bloody tongue hanging from there. She has unbound, disheveled hairs. She wears tiger skins as her garments, a garland of skulls and a garland of rosy red flowers around her neck, and on her belt, she was adorned with skeletal bones, skeletal hands as well as severed arms and hands as her ornamentation. She has four hands, two of them had the trident called the trishula and the sword and two others carried a demon head and a bowl collecting the blood dripping from a demon head.
Tara The goddess who acts as a guide and a protector, and she who offers the ultimate knowledge that grants salvation. She is the goddess of all sources of energy. The energy of the sun is believed to originate from her. She manifested as the mother of Shiva after the incident of Samudra Manthana to heal him as her child. Tara is of a light blue complexion. She has disheveled hair, wearing a crown decorated with the digit of the half-moon. She has three eyes, a snake coiled comfortably around her throat, wearing the skins of tigers, and a garland of skulls. She is also seen wearing a belt supporting her skirt made of tiger-skin. Her four hands carry a lotus, scimitar, demon head and scissors. Her left foot rests on the laying down Shiva.
Tripura Sundari (Shodashi, Lalita) The goddess who is "beauty of the three worlds" (Supreme Deity of Srikula systems); the "Tantric Parvati" or the "Moksha Mukta". She is the ruler of Manidvipa, the eternal supreme abode of the goddess. Shodashi is seen with a molten gold complexion, three placid eyes, a calm mien, wearing red and pink vestments, adorned with ornaments on her divine limbs and four hands, each holding a goad, lotus, a bow, and arrow. She is seated on a throne.
Bhuvaneshvari The goddess as the world mother, or whose body comprises all the fourteen lokas of the cosmos. Bhuvaneshvari is of a fair, golden complexion, with three content eyes as well as a calm mien. She wears red and yellow garments, decorated with ornaments on her limbs and has four hands. Two of her four hands hold a goad and noose while her other two hands are open. She is seated on a divine, celestial throne.
Bhairavi The fierce goddess. The female version of Bhairava. Bhairavi is of a fiery, volcanic red complexion, with three furious eyes, and disheveled hair. Her hair is matted, tied up in a bun, decorated by a crescent moon as well as adorning two horns, one sticking out from each side. She has two protruding tusks from the ends of her bloody mouth. She wears red and blue garments and is adorned with a garland of skulls around her neck. She also wears a belt decorated with severed hands and bones attached to it. She is also decked with snakes and serpents too as her ornamentation – rarely is she seen wearing any jewelry on her limbs. Of her four hands, two are open and two hold a rosary and book.
Chhinnamasta The self-decapitated goddess. She chopped her own head off in order to satisfy Jaya and Vijaya (metaphors of rajas and tamas - part of the trigunas). Chinnamasta has a red complexion, embodied with a frightful appearance. She has disheveled hair. She has four hands, two of which hold a sword and another hand holding her own severed head; three blazing eyes with a frightful mien, wearing a crown. Two of her other hands hold a lasso and drinking bowl. She is a partially clothed lady, adorned with ornaments on her limbs and wearing a garland of skulls on her body. She is mounted upon the back of a copulating couple.
Dhumavati The widow goddess. Dhumavati is of a smoky dark brown complexion, her skin is wrinkled, her mouth is dry, some of her teeth have fallen out, her long disheveled hair is gray, her eyes are seen as bloodshot and she has a frightening mien, which is seen as a combined source of anger, misery, fear, exhaustion, restlessness, constant hunger and thirst. She wears white clothes, donned in the attire of a widow. She is sitting in a horseless chariot as her vehicle of transportation and on top of the chariot, there is an emblem of a crow as well as a banner. She has two trembling hands, her one hand bestows boons and/or knowledge and the other holds a winnowing basket.
Bagalamukhi The goddess who paralyzes enemies. Bagalamukhi has a molten gold complexion with three bright eyes, lush black hair and a benign mien. She is seen wearing yellow garments and apparel. She is decked with yellow ornaments on her limbs. Her two hands hold a mace or club and holds demon Madanasura by the tongue to keep him at bay. She is shown seated on either a throne or on the back of a crane.
Matangi The Prime Minister of Lalita (in Srikula systems), sometimes called the "Tantric Saraswati". Matangi is depicted as emerald green in complexion, with lush, disheveled black hair, three placid eyes and a calm look on her face. She is seen wearing red garments and apparel, bedecked with various ornaments all over her delicate limbs. She is seated on a royal throne and she has four hands, three of which hold a sword or scimitar, a skull and a veena (a musical instrument). Her one hand bestows boons to her devotees.
Kamalatmika (Kamala) The lotus goddess; sometimes called the "Tantric Lakshmi". Kamala is of a molten gold complexion with lush black hair, three bright, placid eyes, and a benevolent expression. She is seen wearing red and pink garments and apparel and bedecked with various ornaments and lotuses all over her limbs. She is seated on a fully bloomed lotus, while with her four hands, two hold lotuses while two grant her devotees' wishes and assures protection from fear.

All these Mahavidyas reside in Manidvipa.

The Maha bhagavata Purana and Brihaddharma Purana however, list Shodashi (Sodasi) as Tripura Sundari, which is simply another name for the same goddess.

The Todala-Tantra associates the Mahavidyas with the Dashavatara, the ten avatars of Vishnu, in chapter ten. They are as follows:

The Guhyati guyha-tantra associates the Mahavidyas with the Dashavatara differently, and states that the Mahavidyas are the source from which the avatars of Vishnu arise.

Note: In the above list do not get confused the names of Matanga Bhairava with Matanga Rishi, and Narada Bhairava with Narada Rishi.

See also
Navadurga

References

Bibliography

External links

Hindu goddesses
Forms of Parvati

Hindu tantric deities

Mahavidya


In introductory chemistry, the reactivity series or activity series is an empirical series of metals, in order of chemical reactivity from highest to lowest. It is used to summarize information about the chemical reactions of metals with acids and water, single displacement reactions and the extraction of metals from their ores. The elements at a higher level are more reactive, whereas the elements at a lower level are less reactive.

The reactivity series reads as follows, starting at the most reactive, going down to the least reactive:

Caesium Cs
Francium Fr
Rubidium Rb
Potassium K
Sodium Na
Lithium Li
Barium Ba
Radium Ra
Strontium Sr
Calcium Ca
Magnesium Mg
Beryllium Be
Aluminium Al
Titanium Ti
Manganese Mn
Zinc Zn
Chromium Cr
Iron Fe
Cadmium Cd
Cobalt Co
Nickel Ni
Tin Sn
Lead Pb
Hydrogen H
Antimony Sb
Bismuth Bi
Copper Cu
Tungsten W
Mercury Hg
Silver Ag
Gold Au
Platinum Pt

Chemistry

Reactivity series


Ultra, Depeche Mode'un dokuzuncu stüdyo albümü. 15 Nisan 1997'da Mute Records etiketiyle yayımlandı.

Track listings
All tracks was writing by Martin Gore.
1. Barrel of a Gun - 5:35
2. The Love Thieves - 6:34
3. Home - 5:42
4. It's No Good - 5:58
5. Uselink - 2:22
6. Useless - 5:12
7. Sister of Night - 6:04
8. Jazz Thieves - 2:55
9. Freestate - 6:44
10. The Bottom Line - 4:27
11. Insight - 6:26
12. Junior Painkiller - 2:12

Curiosities
1. To recorded track "Useless", Depeche Mode used four drums players.
2. "Home / Useless" is a promotional single, released in Amerika Birleşik Devletleri 18 November 1997.
3. In the track "Condemnation" Martin Gore is playing the organs.
4. In the tracks "Barrel of a Gun" and "It's No Good" Victor Indrizzo is playing the drums.
5. Videos to "Barrel of a Gun" and "Useless" were making to single versions of this tracks.
6. Videos to "Home" and "It's No Good" were making to radio versions of this tracks.
7. All singles have a single versions and a radio edits.
8. "The Bottom Line" was singing alone by Martin Gore.
9. "Junior Painkiller" is a shorter and more dark version of track "Painkiller".
10. "Uselink", "Jazz Thieves" and "Junior Painkiller" are instrumental tracks.
11. "Ultra" is the first album, which Depeche Mode created without Alan Wilder (in the band: 1982-1995).
12. In the video to "It's No Good" Martin Gore is playing the keyboard, Andy Fletcher is playing the contrabass, David Gahan is singing and Victor Indrizzo is playing the drums. No one member of the band used the bass guitar (which is playing after the first chorus, second chorus and in the time of third stanza).
13. In the video to "Useless" Martin Gore is singing with David Gahan second chorus, third stanza and third chorus, and playing the bass guitar, Andy Fletcher is playing the electric guitar and David Gahan is singing.

Musicains
1. David Gahan - lead vocals (without "Home", "Uselink", "Jazz Thieves, "The Bottom Line" and "Junior Painkiller"), electric guitar ("Barrel of a Gun", "The Love Thieves", "Home", "Useless", "Jazz Thieves", "Freestate"), contrabass ("It's No Good")
2. Martin Gore - keyboard (without "Barrel of a Gun", "The Love Thieves", "Home", "It's No Good", "Useless", "Sister of Night", "Jazz Thieves", "Freestate" and "The Bottom Line"), lead vocals ("Home", "The Bottom Line"), bass guitar ("Barrel of a Gun", "The Love Thieves", "Home", "It's No Good", "Sister of Night", "Jazz Thieves", "The Bottom Line"), acoustic guitar ("Freestate"), backing vocals ("Barrel of a Gun", "The Love Thieves", "It's No Good", "Useless", "Sister of Night", "Insight")
3. Andy Fletcher - keyboard (without "Uselink"), backing vocals ("Barrel of a Gun", "It's No Good", "Useless"), bass guitar ("Freestate")
4. Victor Indrizzo - drums ("Barrel of a Gun", "It's No Good")
5. Jaki Liebezeit – drums ("The Bottom Line")
6. BJ Cole – pedal steel guitar ("The Bottom Line")
7. Doug Wimbish - bass guitar ("Useless")
8. Gota Yashiki – drums ("Useless")
9. Keith LeBlanc - drums ("Useless")
10. Danny Cummings – drums ("Useless", "Freestate")
11. Christian Eigner - drums ("Useless")
12. Daniel Miller – System700 ("Uselink")

Singles
1. Barrel of a Gun (Yayımlanma - 3 Şubat 1997)
2. It's No Good (Yayımlanma - 31 Mart 1997)
3. Home (Yayımlanma - 16 Haziran 1997)
4. Useless (Yayımlanma - 20 Ağustos 1997)
5. Home / Useless (Yayımlanma - 18 Kasım 1997) (Promotional single released only in Amerika Birleşik Devletleri)

1990 albümleri
Depeche Mode albümleri
Sire Records albümleri
Abbey Road Studios'ta kaydedilen albümler

Ultra (albüm)


The Boeing 727 is a jet airliner. It is made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It can carry 149 to 189 passengers. It can fly for . The Boeing 727 was made to fly short distances. It can also take off from short runways at smaller airports. It has three Pratt & Whitney JT8D engines. One engine is at the back, and the other two are on the sides of the plane.  The 727 is the only plane made by Boeing which has three engines.

The Boeing 727 was made after the Boeing 707. The 727 and the 707 have some similar features. The 727-100 first flew in February 1963. The first airline to use it was Eastern Air Lines. The 727-200, a longer version of the 727, first flew in July 1967. It was first used by Northeast Airlines in December 1967.

The 727 was made during the 1970s. The last 727 was made in 1984. In July 2011, 23 727-100s and 227 727-200s were being used by airlines. The 727 is a very noisy aircraft, so some 727s have been given hush kits to make them quieter.

Development
The Boeing 727 was made to fly from small cities which had airports with shorter runways. It also carried fewer passengers.  United Airlines wanted a plane with four engines so that it could fly to airports which were at high altitude. An example of an airport like this is Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado. American Airlines wanted a plane with two engines. Eastern Airlines wanted a plane with three engines so that it could fly to the Caribbean. The airlines decided to ask for a trijet, which is a plane with three engines.

In 1959, Lord Douglas said that Boeing and de Havilland Aircraft Company should work together to make trijets. Boeing made the 727 and de Havilland made the D.H.121 Trident. The two planes were quite similar, but the 727 was a bit bigger. Boeing wanted to use Allison AR963 turbofan engines for the 727. The de Havilland plane also used these engines. Boeing and de Havilland sent engineers to look at each other's designs. However, Boeing decided not to work together with de Havilland and changed the engine.

In 1960, Pratt & Whitney wanted to sell its new JT8D turbofan engine design. United and Eastern were interested in this engine, so Pratt & Whitney decided to keep designing it. Eddie Rickenbacker, from Eastern, told Boeing that the airline wanted JT8D engines for its 727s. At first, Boeing did not want to use the JT8D for the 727, but it eventually decided to use the JT8D.

The 727 has special parts on its wings which help it to make more lift. This means that it can take off from shorter runways than most other jets.

Later, some longer 727s were made to carry more passengers. They replaced other jet airliners like the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8. They also replaced propeller planes like the DC-4, DC-6, DC-7 and the Lockheed Constellation.

Boeing stopped making the 727 in 1984. 1,832 were made. 1,831 of these were given to an airline.

Design

The 727 was meant for small airports. This meant that it would have to do without some things like stairs. Boeing built airstairs into the 727. At first, the airstairs could be opened while the plane was flying. However, D. B. Cooper, who was a hijacker, jumped out of a 727. This happened while it was flying over the Pacific Northwest. Boeing then changed the design so that the airstairs could not be opened while the plane was flying.  The 727 also had an auxiliary power unit (APU). This meant that the 727 could run its systems without any power from the ground. The APU is near the undercarriage. This is quite unusual.

One thing which allowed the 727 to land on short runways was the design of its wings.  The 727 had no engines on its wings, so flaps could be used on the full wing. There were also some other things which made more lift. Together, these things make a lift coefficient of 3.0.

Noise
The 727 is one of the noisiest airliners.  The 727's JT8D engines are low-bypass. This makes them much noisier than high-bypass engines. Boeing thought about giving the 727 quieter engines.  They said that the JT8D-200 engine could be used.

All 727s being used today need to be given a hush kit. A hush kit is something which makes a jet engine quieter. FedEx makes one of these kits. Over 60 companies have bought this.  Winglets have also been made for the 727 by different companies.

727s (including 727s which have a hush kit) are banned from some airports in Australia because of how much noise they make.

History
The 727 could fly to different countries as well as to places in the same country. It is useful in airports where the runway is made of gravel. Since the engines are so high up, there is not much risk that they will be damaged by things on the ground.

The 727 was also used by the military. Since the airstairs could be opened while the plane was flying, the Central Intelligence Agency used them to put agents and supplies into Vietnam.

The Boeing C-22 was used by the Air National Guard and National Guard Bureau to airlift people. Three C-22B's were used. All of them belonged to the 201st Airlift Squadron, District of Columbia Air National Guard.

The replacement for the 727 was the Boeing 757. However, the 757 is much bigger than the 727. Because of this, some airlines replaced the 727 with the 737-800 or the Airbus A320.

Different types of Boeing 727
Source: Boeing Aircraft since 1916There are two types of 727. The first one is called the 727-100. Airlines began to use it in February 1964. Airlines began to use the next type, the 727-200, in December 1967.

727-100
The 727-100 first flew on February 9, 1963. United Airlines got the first plane on October 29, 1963.

571 727-100s were made (407 -100s, 53 -100Cs, and 111 -100QCs). The last one was made in October 1972. Boeing kept one 727-100. This means that the real number is 572.

727-100C
This type could be changed into a cargo plane and into a passenger plane.

727-100QC
QC stands for Quick Change. This is a 727-100C which can be changed into a cargo plane much quicker (in 30 minutes).

727-100QF
QF stands for Quiet Freighter''. It was made for the United Parcel Service.

727-200

The 727-200 is a longer version of 727-100.  The -200 is  longer (153 feet, 2 inches, 46.7 m) than the −100 (133 feet, 2 inches, 40.6 m).

The 727-200 first flew on July 27, 1967. Northeast Airlines got the first 727-200. 310 727-200s were made. The 727-200 Advanced replaced the 727-200 in 1972.

727-200 Advanced
This type can fly for longer. It also has some improvements in the cabin.

727-200F Advanced
A type of 727-200 Advanced which could carry cargo.

Super 27
This type has  more speed. This happened because the engines were replaced with more powerful ones. It also had winglets. This type was first made by Valsan Partners, but Quiet Wing Technologies in Redmond, Washington, began to make it later.

Users
, 208 727s are still being used. These airlines have five or more 727s:
Amerijet International (6)
Cargojet Airways (9 + 1 inactive)
FedEx Express (31 727-200)
Kalitta Charters (8)
Kelowna Flightcraft Air Charter (13)
Linhas Aéreas Suramericanas (6)
Rio Linhas Aéreas (7)
Total Linhas Aéreas (6)
Transmile Air Services (7)

Government and military
The 727 has been used by some governments. The Belgian, Yugoslavian, Mexican, New Zealand, and Panama air forces have used it. The United States military also used the 727; it was called the C-22.

Benin
Military of Benin (1)
Burkina Faso
Force Aérienne de Burkina Faso (1)
Colombia
Colombian government
Colombian Air Force (2)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Force Aérienne du Congo (4)
Djibouti
Djibouti Air Force
Ecuador
Ecuadorian Air Force (3)
Mexico
Mexican Air Force (5)
Federal Preventive Police (4)
Mongolia
Mongolian Air Force (2)

Accidents
As of 2010, the Boeing 727 has had 325 accidents. It has had 112 hull-loss accidents. 3,783 people have died in these.  The 727 has been hijacked 178 times, and 345 people have died in these.

Orders and deliveries

Information from:

727 models

Boeing

Related pages

References

Other websites

Boeing.com 727 Family
Boeing-727.com

727

Boeing 727


Scala Records was a British record label which was in business between 1911 and 1927. The source firm was the Scala Record Co. Ltd., based in London. Pressings were from Germany until the First World War, then from London, with masters from Beka and others. A number of American masters were used, such as those from Vocalion and Gennett. The repertoire was jazz, popular music, and vocal. A second label, Scala Ideal, offered the same popular material between 1923 and 1927.

References

British record labels
Jazz record labels

Scala Records


Sir Christopher Wray (1524 – 7 May 1592) was an English judge and Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

Early life and career
Wray, the third son of Thomas Wray, seneschal in 1535 of Coverham Abbey, Yorkshire, by Joan, daughter of Robert Jackson of Gatenby, Bedale, in the same county, was born at Bedale in 1524. The ancient doubts, revived by Lord Campbell as to his legitimacy, were removed by the publication in 1853 of the wills of his mother (by her second marriage wife of John Wycliffe, auditor of issues in the Richmond district) and his brother-in-law, Ralph Gower. The pedigree, however, was first traced with accuracy from the Wrays of Wensleydale by the Rev. George Octavius Wray in the Genealogist.

Wray was an alumnus of Buckingham College, Cambridge (refounded during his residence as Magdalene College). Though apparently no graduate, he was a loyal son to his alma mater, and set a high value on learning. The subject created two bye-fellows. Tradition ascribes to him the adornment of the college with the rich Renaissance west porch, and a deed dated show of 16 July 1587s that he had then built or rebuilt a portion of the edifice containing three stories of four rooms apiece, which were appropriated to the use of two fellows and six scholars, whose maintenance he secured by a rentcharge. He added another fellowship by his will; two more were founded by his wife in 1591, and a fellowship and two scholarships by his second daughter in 1625.

Wray was admitted on 6 February 1544–45 as a student at Lincoln's Inn, where he was called to the bar in Hilary term 1549–50, was reader in autumn 1562, treasurer in 1565–6, and again reader in Lent 1567 in anticipation of his call to the degree of serjeant-at-law, which took place in the ensuing Easter term. On 18 June of the same year he was made queen's Serjeant. His parliamentary career began by his return (30 September 1553) for Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, which constituency he continued to represent until the death of Queen Mary of England in 1558. From 1563 to 1567 he sat for Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire. Like most of the gentlemen of the north, he was probably catholic at heart, but he evidently steered a wary course, for in the religious census of justices of the peace, compiled by episcopal authority in 1564, he is entered as ' indifferent.' In the following year he was assigned by the court of king's bench as counsel for Bonner in the proceedings on the Praemunire. In the spring of 1569–70 he attended the assizes held at York, Carlisle, and Durham for the trial of the northern rebels, and was employed in receiving their submissions. Among them were his brother Thomas and his sister's son John Gower, both of whom were pardoned.

Speaker of the House of Commons
In the parliament of 1571 Wray, then member for Ludgershall, Wiltshire, was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons. In his address to the throne on presentation he expatiated with much learning and eloquence in praise of the royal supremacy in matters ecclesiastical, touched lightly but loyally on supply, and gratefully acknowledged the free course which her majesty allowed to the administration of justice. The speech introduced petitions for freedom from arrest, free access to and considerate audience by her majesty, and free speech. The first three were granted; the last only elicited an intimation that the commons would do well to meddle with no affairs of state but such as might be referred to them by ministers. The revival, in defiance of this injunction, of the whole question of the reformation of religion and church government occasioned an early dissolution (29 May). An act (the Oxford and Cambridge Act 1571) confirming the charters, liberties, and privileges of the University of Cambridge owed its passage largely to Wray's influence, for which the thanks of the senate were communicated to him by letter (5 June).

Lord Chief Justice
Wray was appointed on 14 May 1572 justice, and on 8 November 1574 chief justice, of the queen's bench. The only state trial in which as puisne he took part was that in Trinity term 1572 of John Hall and Francis Rolston for conspiracy to effect the release of Mary, Queen of Scots. As chief justice, in addition to his ordinary jurisdiction he exercised functions of a somewhat multifarious character. He was a member of the commission appointed on 23 April 1577 to adjudicate on the validity of the election of John Underhill (1545?–1592) to the rectorship of Lincoln College, Oxford; and as assistant to the House of Lords he advised on bills, received petitions, and on one occasion (14 September 1586) was placed on the commission for its adjournment. He was a strong judge, who well knew how to sustain the dignity of his office, and showed as much firmness in restraining by prohibition an excess of jurisdiction on the part of the ecclesiastical commission in 1581 as in enforcing the laws against the sectaries in that and subsequent years. It was not until towards the close of his life that he was himself added to the ecclesiastical commission (Christmas 1589).

The principal state trials over which he presided were those of the puritan John Stubbs or Stubbe, the Jesuit Edmund Campion, and his harbourer, William, lord Vaux (son of Thomas Vaux, 2nd Baron Vaux of Harrowdon), and the conspirators against the life of the queen, John Somerville and William Parry (d. 1585) He also presided at the Star Chamber inquest, by which (23 June 1585) the suicide and treasons of the Earl of Northumberland were certified; and was a member of the commissions which attainted Northumberland's accomplice, William, grandson of Sir William Shelley, and passed sentence of death upon Anthony Babington and his associates (September 1586). He was present at Fotheringay Castle as assessor to the tribunal before which the Queen of Scots pleaded in vain for her life (14 October 1586), but appears to have taken no part in the proceedings. He presided, vice Sir Thomas Bromley (1530–1587), absent through illness, at the subsequent trial in the Star Chamber of the unfortunate secretary of state, William Davison, whose indiscreet zeal he blandly censured as bonum sed non-bene before pronouncing the ruthless sentence of the court (28 March 1587). The last state trials in which he took part were those of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, on 18 April 1589, and of Sir John Perrot on 27 April 1592. At a conference with his colleagues in Michaelmas term 1590 he initiated the revision of the form of commissions of the peace, then full of corruptions and redundancies.

Death and reputation

He died on 7 May 1592, and was buried in the church of St Michael, Glentworth, Lincolnshire, where, by the aid of grants from the profits of the mint, he had built for himself a noble mansion, which was long the seat of his posterity, and of which a portion was afterwards incorporated in the modern Glentworth Hall. By his will he established a dole for the inmates of an almshouse which he had built on the estate. A sessions house at Spittal-in-the-Street was also built by him.

Wray was lord of the manors Brodsworth and Cusworth, Yorkshire, and of Ashby, Fillingham, Grainsby, and Kennington, Lincolnshire. His monument, a splendid structure in alabaster and other marbles, is in the chancel of Glentworth church. Re Justus, nomine verus: so, in allusion to his motto and with an evident play upon his name, he is characterised by the inscription. Coke praises his 'profound and judicial knowledge, accompanied with a ready and singular capacity, grave and sensible elocution, and continual and admirable patience.' No less eulogistic, though less weighty, are the encomiums of David Lloyd (State Worthies) and Fuller (Worthies of England). Their general accuracy is unquestionable; and the execution of Campion and the iniquitous sentence on Davison show that in crown cases Wray was by no means too scrupulous.

Publications
Wray's judgments and charges are recorded in the reports of Dyer, Plowden, Coke, and Croke, Cobbett's State Trials, and Nicolas's Life of Davison. One of his speeches on a call of Serjeants in Michaelmas term 1578 has been preserved by Dugdale. His speech to the throne in 1571 may be read in Sir Simonds D'Ewes's Journals of all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, or in Cobbett's Parliamentary History.

For his opinions, notes of cases, letters, and other miscellaneous remains, see Peck's Desiderata Curiosa.

Family life and descendants
By his wife Anne, daughter of Nicholas Girlington of Normanby, Yorkshire, Wray had issue a son and two daughters. His wife and three children were all significant puritan leaders, with Sir William Wray being described by John Smyth as the 'principal patron of godly religion in Lincolnshire.'

The elder daughter, Isabel, married, first, Godfrey Foljambe of Aldwarke, Yorkshire, and Walton, Derbyshire, who died on 14 June 1595; secondly, in or before 1600, Sir William Bowes, who succeeded his uncle Robert Bowes in the Scottish embassy, and died on 30 October 1611; thirdly, on 7 May 1617, John, Lord Darcy of Aston, commonly called Lord Darcy of the North. She died on 12 February 1623.
Frances, the younger daughter, married, first, in 1583, Sir George St Paul, bart. (so created on 29 June 1611), of Snarford, Lincolnshire, who died on 28 October 1613; secondly, on 21 December 1616, Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick, whom she survived, dying about 1634.
The son, Sir William Wray (1555–1617), was created a baronet on 25 November 1611, and married, first, in 1580, Lucy, eldest daughter of Sir Edward Montagu of Boughton, son of Sir Edward Montagu, by whom he was father of Sir John Wray; and, secondly, about 1600, Frances Drury, widow of Sir Nicholas Clifford, and daughter of Sir William Drury of Hawsted, Suffolk, and Elizabeth Stafford, by whom he was father of Sir Christopher Wray (1601–1646).

Arms

References

Attribution

External links
The Monument to Sir Christopher Wray, Church of St Michael, Glentworth, Lincolnshire

1524 births
1592 deaths
Lord chief justices of England and Wales
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Justices of the King's Bench
Members of the Parliament of England for Great Grimsby
Speakers of the House of Commons of England
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
English MPs 1554
English MPs 1554–1555
English MPs 1555
English MPs 1558
English MPs 1563–1567
English MPs 1571
16th-century English judges
16th-century English lawyers
Serjeants-at-law (England)

Christopher Wray (English judge)


Sree Narayana Polytechnic College (Malayalam: ശ്രീ നാരായണ പോളിടെക് നിക്ക് (SNPTC) is located in Kottiyam near Kollam, Kerala in southern India. It is named after the Saint and social reformer "Sree Narayana Guru". SNPTC was founded in 1957, by the Sree Narayana Trusts, Kollam under the initiative of the secretary, the late Sri.R.Sankar, former chief minister of Kerala. In the period 2006–07, the college celebrated its Golden Jubilee.

The college is known for its student festivals: arts festival, sports meet, union inauguration, women's day festival and poly day.

Information
SN Polytechnic is a nodal polytechnic in Kollam district. SNPTC was founded by the late R.Sankar, a visionary and social reformer who had built up and nourished several institutions. It is a technical institute, approved by the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) and is located in a 15-acre campus at Kottiyam, 12 km from the Kollam city. The college is located close to the Holy Cross Hospital. The college has more than 50 faculty and 750 students. The governing body of the college is constituted by the Kerala Board of Technical Education is chaired by S.N Trust.

Departments

The college started functioning with three courses: Mechanical Engineering (70 seats), Civil Engineering (70 seats) and Electrical Engineering (70 seats). In 2000 it started Electronics Engineering (30 seats). The polytechnic curriculum was revised and semesterised in the 2006–07 academic year.

Certificate courses
The Continuing Education Cell of the Canada India Institutional (CIICP) Co-operation Project was set up in 1996. It has been conducting the job oriented courses like JCB, Crane, Forklift operators and X-ray welding.

Community Polytechnic Scheme sponsored by Ministry of Human Resources Development, government of India functions in SNPTC providing self-employment opportunities to the unemployed youth by providing proper training through different centers free of cost.

The Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) Students Chapter started at SNPTC in 2000. ISTE is a professional society of educators and administrators in technology, dedicated to the maintenance of quality and standards.

Facilities
SNPTC has the following facilities:
 Main Building.
 Workshops
 Department Labs
 Central Library
 Co-operative society
 Hostels
 Play Ground
 Canteen under the guidance of Kudumbasree unit.

Extracurricular activities
Two NSS units (104,105 units) of the college involve in developmental as well as service activities.

NCC unit is attached to 3(k) girl's Battalion N.C.C, Kollam. Unit strength is 52 cadets with six girls' cadets, and their activities are coordinated by an officer.

The placement cell in association with Reliance Communications Ltd had conducted "carrier mela" on 7-7-2007. More than 400 students participated in the carrier mela and about 80 persons got selected for appointment.

PTA of SNPTC provides funds for engaging guest faculty to overcome the shortage of staff, for purchasing lab materials and stationery for students.

The Alumni Association keeps contact between passed-out students and the college. It helps students by sharing knowledge and introducing job opportunities. About 95% of passed-out students are placed in organizations through campus selection. The rest opt for higher studies. The cine artist Biju Pappan is an alumnus.

The students participate in the inter-polytechnic games, inter-collegiate debate and youth festival. The staff and students co-operate with the Chathayam day celebration, Founder's day (death anniversary of Shri.R.Sankar) and Navarathri Festival at Sarada Mutt, Kollam. An annual magazine is published.

Kerala State Polytechnic College Arts festival 2012-2013 held in Kollam was hosted by Sree Narayana Polytechnic College. The college and Government Polytechnic College, Palakkad, were the joint winners of Kalolsavam 2012–13.

Notable alumni
 Biju Pappan, Actor Malayalam film Industry

References

External links
Official website
Directorate of Technical Education
Sree Narayana Trusts Educational Institutions

Narayana Guru
Engineering colleges in Kollam
Sree Narayana College, Kollam
Educational institutions established in 1957
1957 establishments in India

Sree Narayana Polytechnic College


Muhammad Mansuruddin (31 January 1904 – 19 September 1987) was a Bengali writer, literary critic, lexicographer. He is noted for his folklore collection titled "Haramoni". In 1987, he received doctor of literature degree from Rabindra Bharati University for his lifelong contribution to folklore collection and research. He also received second highest civilian honor Ekushey Padak and highest civilian honor Independence Day Award given by Government of Bangladesh in 1983 and 1984 respectively.

Early life
Mansuruddin was born on 31 January 1904 in Muraripur village under Sujanagar Upazila of Pabna district of East Bengal of the British India, now in Bangladesh. His father Muhammad Jaider Ali and mother Jiarun Nisa was respected in the village. He was educated in Madhabchandra Nandi Pathshala in his village. He passed matriculation from Khalipur High School in 1921 with first division, ISc from Pabna Edward College in 1923 and IA from Rajshahi College in 1924. He graduated from Rajshahi College in 1926. Then he went to Calcutta University for post-graduation and received Master of Arts in Bangla with first class in 1928.
In 1925, when he was studying at Rajshahi College, he married Sharifun Nisa. They had six sons and six daughters.

Literary career
Mansuruddin started writing from his early age. He was inspired by his teacher Surendranath Sen. His first poem was 'Beduin Musalman'. It was published in the Edward College magazine. Samyabadi and Prachi journals published his later poems. He had interest of folklore and when he was in Rajshahi College, the Principal of the college, Kumudinikanta Banerjee, encouraged him to work on folklore.

He started collecting the folklore and folk songs from 1930 and compiled those under the name of Haramoni (Lost gems). Haramoni was published in regular section of monthly literary magazine Probashi. The full book consists of 13 parts. In 1948, he published collection of songs of Lalon under the name of Lalon Fakir-er Gaan (Songs of Lalan Fakir). After that, his Lalan Geetika was published. English translation of these books were published in 1974.

He wrote several biography books. Those are Iraner Kobi (Poet of Iran) (1968), biography of prophet Muhammad titled Hazrat Muhammader Jiboni O Sadhona (Life and Spirituality of Muhammad), and Hazrat Shah Waliullah and Harun Rashid. His books for children are Bokami (Foolishness) (1952), Thokami (Deception) (1958) and Mushkil Ahsan (Problem Solving) (1958). In 1957, he compiled a dictionary, Hashir Ovidhan, which includes Bengali idioms.

Death
Mansuruddin died on 19 September 1987 in Dhaka.

Works
 Haramoni (Lost gems) (13 parts, 1930-1989)
 Shirni (1931)
 Dhaner Manjari (Sheaves of Paddy) (1933)
 Agarbati (Incense) (1938)
 Bangla Sahitye Muslim Sadhana (Muslim Spirituality in Bengali Literature) (3parts, 1960-1966)
 Iraner Kobi (Poet of Iran) (1968)

Awards and honors
 Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Award, Calcutta University, (1926)
 Bangla Academy Award (1965)
 Sher-e-Bangla National Award and Gold Medal (1980)
 Muktadhara Sahitya Award (1982)
 Ekushey Padak (1983)
 Nasiruddin Gold Medal (1983)
 Alokto Sahitya Puroshker (1983)
 Independence Day Award (1984)
 Kalu Shah Puroshker (1986)
 Honorary D. Lit degree from Rabindra Bharati University in 1987

Bibliography
 Ahmed, Tofael (1983). Bangladesher Atmaar Sondhaney Sahitya Acharjya (In Search of the Soul of Bangladesh). Dhaka.
 Chowdhury, Momin (1988). Muhammad Mansururddin. Dhaka.
 Helal, Nasir (1999). Lekhak Ovidhan (Writers' Dictionary). Dhaka: Bangla Academy.

References

1904 births
1987 deaths
Bangla Academy Literary Award winners
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
People from Rajshahi Division
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
Bangladeshi writers

Muhammad Mansuruddin


Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a type of thyristor. It is a four-layer solid-state current-controlling device.

SCRs are unidirectional devices: they conduct current only in one direction. Normally, SCRs can be triggered only by currents going into the gate.

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). SCRs  are used for rectification of high-power AC in high-voltage direct-current power transmission. They are also used in the control of welding machines.

SCRs are mainly used in devices for the control of high power, perhaps with high voltage. They are suitable for use in medium- to high-voltage AC power control applications, such as lamp dimming, power regulators and motor control.

Electronic components
Rectifiers

Silicon controlled rectifier


Josiah Masters (November 22, 1763 – June 30, 1822) was a United States representative from New York. Born in Woodbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, he was graduated from Yale College in 1783. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County, New York. He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1792, 1800, and 1801, and served as supervisor of Schaghticoke in 1796. He was a justice of the peace in Rensselaer County from 1801 to 1805, was a trustee of Lansingburgh Academy, and was school commissioner of Schaghticoke.

Masters was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Ninth and Tenth Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1805 to March 3, 1809. He was founder of the Schaghticoke Powder Co. and judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Rensselaer County from 1808 to 1822. He died in Fairfield, Connecticut in 1822; interment was in the Masters Cemetery, near Schaghticoke, New York.

References

1763 births
1822 deaths
Yale College alumni
People from Woodbury, Connecticut
People from Schaghticoke, New York
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) state court judges
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)

Josiah Masters


David Cunningham "Dave" Garroway (July 13, 1913 – July 21, 1982) was the founding host of NBC's Today from 1952 to 1961. He had an easygoing and relaxing style. Yet, Garroway suffered from depression. He has been honored for his contributions to radio and television with a star for each on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as well as the St. Louis Walk of Fame, the city where he spent part of his teenage years and early adulthood.

Early life
He was born in Schenectady, New York. By the time Garroway was 14, he had moved with his family 13 times before settling in St. Louis, Missouri. In St. Louis, he attended University City High School. He earned a degree from Washington University in St. Louis in abnormal psychology.  Before going into broadcasting, Garroway worked as a Harvard University lab assistant, as a book salesman, and as a piston ring salesman. After not being able to successfully sell either, Garroway decided to try his hand in radio.

Garroway began his broadcasting career modestly.  Starting at NBC as an page in 1938, he went on to graduate 23rd in a class of 24 from NBC's school for announcers. Following graduation, he landed a job at Pittsburgh radio station KDKA in 1939. As a station reporter, he went about the region filing reports from a hot-air balloon,  a U.S. Navy submarine in the Ohio River, and from deep inside a coal mine. His early reporting efforts earned Garroway a reputation for finding a good story, even if it took him to unusual places.  The "Roving Announcer", as he was known, worked his way up to become the station's special events director, while still attending to his on-air work.  After two years with KDKA, Garroway left for Chicago.

Radio

When the United States entered World War II in 1941, Garroway enlisted in the U.S. Navy.  While stationed in Honolulu, he hosted a radio show when off duty, playing jazz records and reminiscing about the old days back in Chicago. After the war, Garroway went to work as a disc jockey at WMAQ (AM) in Chicago. Over time, Garroway hosted a series of radio programs such as The 11:60 Club, The Dave Garroway Show, and Reserved for Garroway. One oddity Garroway introduced on his radio shows was having the studio audience respond to a song number not by applauding but by snapping their fingers. Garroway also worked to organize jazz concerts, creating  a "Jazz Circuit" of local clubs in 1947, bringing back interest in this form of music. His fellow disk jockeys voted him the nation's best in the 1948 and 1949 Billboard polls. He won the award again in 1951.

Leaving the Midwest again for New York, Garroway was the first "communicator" on NBC Radio's Monitor when the program first aired on June 12, 1955. He continued as the Sunday evening host of the news/music program from 1955 to 1961. Garroway worked on the air at WCBS radio in 1964 and briefly hosted the afternoon drive shift at KFI in Los Angeles in late 1970 and early 1971.

Television

Garroway was introduced to the national television audience when he hosted the experimental musical variety show Garroway at Large, telecast live from Chicago. It was carried by NBC from June 18, 1949, to June 24, 1951.

Garroway's relaxed, informal style when on the air became part of his trademark. In 1960, New York Times reviewer Richard F. Shepard wrote, "He does not crash into the home with the false jollity and thunderous witticisms of a backslapper. He is pleasant, serious, scholarly looking and not obtrusively convivial." On television, Garroway was known for his signoff, saying "Peace" with an upraised palm.

Along with Arthur Godfrey, Arlene Francis, and Jack Paar, Garroway was one of the pioneers of the television talk show. Television commentator Steven D. Stark traces the origins of the style to Chicago. Garroway, Studs Terkel, and Hugh Downs all hosted relaxed, talkative, impromptu shows in that city in the early 1950s. Earlier radio and television voices spoke with an authoritative "announcer's" intonation, resembling public oration, often dropping about a musical fifth on the last word of a sentence. Garroway was one of the broadcasters who introduced conversational style and tone to television, beginning some broadcasts as though the viewer were sitting in the studio with him, as in this November 20, 1957, introduction for the Today show: "And how are you about the world today? Let's see what kind of shape it's in; there is a glimmer of hope."

NBC president Sylvester "Pat" Weaver picked Garroway to host his new morning news-and-entertainment experiment, the Today show, in 1951. Garroway soon was joined by news editor Jim Fleming and announcer Jack Lescoulie as television's first loose "family" of the airwaves when the show debuted on Monday, January 14, 1952. Though initially panned by critics, Garroway's style attracted a large audience that enjoyed his easygoing presence early in the morning. His familiar "cohost," a chimpanzee with the puckish name of J. Fred Muggs, didn't hurt his genial manner, but his concurrent seriousness in dealing with news stories and ability to clearly explain abstract concepts earned him the nickname "The Communicator" and eventually won praise from critics and viewers alike.

At the same time he did Today, Garroway also hosted a Friday night variety series, The Dave Garroway Show, from October 2, 1953, to June 25, 1954, and on October 16, 1955, he began hosting NBC's Sunday afternoon live documentary Wide Wide World, continuing with that series until June 8, 1958. Another Friday evening variety show, Dave's Place, was on the air in 1960. He also hosted a radio show, Dial Dave Garroway, that went on the air as soon as Today wrapped up each morning.  Dial Dave Garroway began in 1946 when Garroway was still working for WMAQ in Chicago.

Garroway took Today to various locations as its host: Paris in 1959 and Rome in 1960; car shows and technology expos; plays and movies; and aboard an Air Force B-52 for a practice bombing run.  Through television, Garroway gave viewers access to a variety of people that included politicians, writers, artists, scientists, economists, and musicians.

In late 1960, Garroway hosted a special filmed program for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association that traced Billy Graham's crusades from 1949 to 1960.

Garroway suffered from depression. Toward the end of his professional career, he began to have disagreements with staff members; some days Garroway would disappear in the middle of the Today broadcast, leaving colleagues to finish the live program.  Then, on April 28, 1961, Garroway's second wife, Pamela, died of causes related to drug-use. Causing emotional turmoil, Garroway went further into depression and emotional and mental instability. In late May 1961, Garroway resigned, announcing his intention to leave Today either at the end of October when his contract was finished or sooner, if possible. He wanted to spend more time with his children.  His last Today show was on June 16, 1961.

Garroway returned to television on National Educational Television (the forerunner of PBS) with a science series called Exploring the Universe in late 1962. Later he went back to working in radio, doing "split shift" shows called Garroway AM (mid mornings) and Garroway PM (mid afternoons) for WCBS (AM), New York. Garroway also started a magazine, National FM-Radio. The venture was a costly failure. Garroway realized he was not cut out to be a businessman. While he was in the publishing business, Garroway began reading various law books in an effort to try to understand what his lawyer was saying. His attorney told him that he had done enough legal reading to pass the New York State bar exam. On a bet, Garroway sat for and passed the written exam.

Garroway did other local radio and television shows. Garroway appeared sporadically on other television programs without achieving anywhere near the success and recognition levels he enjoyed on Today. The most viewers saw of him for the rest of the 1960s and 1970s was whenever he reemerged for Today anniversaries. His final such appearance was on the 30th anniversary show, on January 14, 1982.

He was very interested in astronomy, and during a tour of Russian telescopes he met his third wife, astronomer Sarah Lee Lippincott. In his final years, he attended astronomy symposia at Swarthmore College and spent time at Sproul Observatory.

Other media

In his role as Today host, Garroway acted as pitchman for several of the show's sponsors. Among them were Admiral television sets, Alcoa and Sergeant's dog food. Most of the appearances were in the form of print ads in newspapers and magazines.  By 1960, there was also a board game called "Dave Garroway's Today Game".

Garroway, an amateur drummer and inveterate music lover, lent his name to a series of recordings of jazz, classical, and pop music released in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Among them were Wide, Wide World of Jazz, 1957's Some of My Favorites and 1958's Dave Garroway's Orchestra: An Adventure in Hi-Fi Music. In a lighter vein, Garroway narrated a compilation of romantic songs performed by the Boston Pops Orchestra, Getting Friendly with Music, in 1956.

Garroway also served as narrator for special albums, including 1964's The Great Campaigners, 1928–1960 and 1960's Names From the Wars.

In 1960, Garroway penned Fun on Wheels, an activity book for children on road trips. The book was revised and reissued in 1962 and 1964.

Toward the end of his life, Garroway planned to write an autobiography. The book never made it past the research stage; the surviving notes, manuscripts, audio tapes, and news clippings were sent to former Today researcher Lee Lawrence. Upon Lawrence's death in 2003, the boxes were turned over to the Library of American Broadcasting, Special Collections, University of Maryland Libraries, where they resided as of 2009.

Death
After having undergone heart surgery, Garroway was found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound at his Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, home on July 21, 1982. He had one son, David Jr., and a daughter, Paris. When he married Pamela in 1956, he adopted her son, Michael, whom he raised as his own after her death.

The July 22 edition of Today was mainly a remembrance of Garroway. Sidekick Jack Lescoulie, news editor Frank Blair, and former consumer reporter Betty Furness offered tributes on the show. Garroway's passing was noted on NBC Nightly News with John Chancellor, the man who replaced Garroway on Today 21 years earlier. On NBC News Overnight, host Linda Ellerbee closed the program with "Peace" instead of her usual "And so it goes."

Because of Garroway's dedication to the cause of mental health, his third wife, Sarah, helped establish the Dave Garroway Laboratory for the Study of Depression at the University of Pennsylvania.  Garroway is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Parodies and fictional representations
Robert McKimson's 1960 cartoon Wild Wild World depicts "Cave Darroway" presenting footage from the Stone Age.

Mad spoofed him in one issue as "Dave Garrowunway."

In Robert Redford's 1994 film Quiz Show, Garroway was portrayed by Barry Levinson.

References

Listen to
 Boxcars711: Dave Garroway narrates Names from the Wars (1960)

Other websites
 Today show homepage
 A Garroway retrospective
 'Garroway at Large'  from the Museum of Broadcast Communications
 TVParty.com tribute to 'Today' in the 1950s - includes video clips and photos from the Garroway era
 Dave Garroway Laboratory for the Study of Depression
 St. Louis Walk of Fame Entry

  Biography-West Laurel Hill Cemetery web site
  Dave Garroway's famous Jaguar SS100 racing car, with article and history

1913 births
1982 deaths
American television personalities
American television presenters
Entertainers from New York (state)
NBC
Suicides by firearm
American people of World War II
People from Schenectady, New York

Dave Garroway


David Elkind (born March 11, 1931) is an American child psychologist and author. Elkind and his family relocated to California when he was still a teenager. He studied at the University of California at Los Angeles and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1952 and Doctorate in Philosophy in 1955. David also earned an honorary doctorate in Science at the Rhode Island College (1987).

A longtime professor at Tufts University, his groundbreaking books — The Hurried Child, The Power of Play and Miseducation informed early childhood education professionals of the possible dangers of "pushing down" the elementary school curriculum into the very early years of a child's life. By doing so, he argued, teachers and parents alike could lapse into developmentally inappropriate instructional and learning practices that may distort the smooth development of learning. He is associated with the belief of decline of social markers.

Professional positions

David Elkind is professor emeritus of Child Development at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. He was formerly professor of Psychology, Psychiatry and Education at the University of Rochester.

Elkind obtained his doctorate at UCLA and then spent a year as David Rapaport's research assistant at the Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. In 1964–65 he was a National Science Foundation Senior Postdoctoral Fellow at Piaget's Institut d'Epistemologie Genetique in Geneva. His research has been in the areas of perceptual, cognitive and social development where he has attempted to build upon the research and theory of Jean Piaget.

Elkind is a member of some 10 professional organizations, is on the editorial board of numerous scientific journals, and is a consultant to state education departments as well as to government agencies and private foundations. He lectures extensively in the United States, Canada and abroad. He has appeared on The Today Show, The CBS Morning News, Twenty/Twenty, Nightline, Donahue, and The Oprah Winfrey Show. He has been profiled in People and Boston Magazine. Elkind co-hosted the Lifetime television series, Kids These Days. He is past president of the National Association for the Education of Young Children.

Publications

Professor Elkind's bibliography now numbers close to 500 items and includes research, theoretical articles, book chapters and eighteen books. In addition he has published more popular pieces such as children's stories in Jack and Jill, biographies of famous psychologists in the New York Times Magazine, as well as presentations of his own work in Good Housekeeping, Parade and Psychology Today. Some of his recent articles include "Computers and Young Children," "The Authority of the Brain," "The Cosmopolitan School," "On Becoming a Grandfather," and "Thanks for the Memory: The Lasting Value of True Play."

Perhaps Elkind is best known for his popular books, The Hurried Child, The Power of Play, All Grown Up and No Place to Go, and Miseducation. Grandparenting: Understanding Today's Children was published in November 1989. Parenting Your Teenager and three additional books, Images of the Young Child; Understanding Your Child and a third edition of A Sympathetic Understanding of the Child: Birth to Sixteen appeared in 1993. Ties That Stress: The New Family Imbalance was published in 1994. A second edition of All Grown Up and No Place to Go and Reinventing Childhood: Raising and Educating Children in a Changing World appeared in 1998. A third edition of The Hurried Child came out 2001 and the 25th anniversary edition was published in 2007 along with his newest book The Power of Play: Learning What Comes Naturally.

Elkind was a contributing editor to Parents Magazine.

Personal
Elkind is married to Debbie Elkind, lives on Cape Cod, and has three sons and four grandchildren. Elkind enjoys sailing and gardening and has recently taken up pottery.

See also
 Developmental psychology
 Imaginary audience
 Personal fable
 Genie (feral child)

References

External links
http://ase.tufts.edu/faculty-guide/faculty.asp?id=delkind a profile of Elkind

1931 births
Living people
American family and parenting writers
American psychology writers
American male non-fiction writers
Jewish American writers
Early childhood education in the United States
Play (activity)
Tufts University faculty
Writers from Boston
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
21st-century American Jews
American child psychologists
Austen Riggs Center physicians

David Elkind


Bình Dương is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. Bình Dương's current capital is Thủ Dầu Một the seventh largest province in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Bình Dương has traditional villages, such as wood carving, pottery and lacquer painting. Since ancient times, art pottery, lacquerware and sculpture of Bình Dương have participated in international fairs and also exported to France and many countries in the region.

When the August Revolution broke out, the province commissioned a general uprising to seize power in Bình Dương and establish a provincial People's Committee. In mid-September, the provincial People's Committee changed its name to the Provincial Resistance Administrative Committee. At the end of September 1945, the British-French alliance opened fire to recapture the South. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam in South Vietnam decides the South resistance. Implementing the policy of "dissolving" of the Communist Party of Vietnam. On 11 November 1945 the provincial Party Committee also proceeded to "dissolve", actually developing the revolutionary movement under the name Việt Minh.

References

Provinces of Vietnam

Bình Dương province


York Minster is the largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe. The title Minster is given to churches which in the Anglo-Saxon period were missionary teaching churches.

York Minster is in the city of York, North Yorkshire, England. It is the 'seat' of the Archbishop of York, the second-highest-ranking bishop in the Church of England. The Minster is run by a Chapter (committee) under the Dean of York, who manages the affairs of the Minster. The current archbishop (since 2005) is Dr. John Sentamu.

Architecture
The architecture of the Minster is English Gothic architecture, from Early English in 1270 to Perpendicular in 1472. The Minster has a wide, Decorated Gothic nave (where the congregation sits) and Chapter house. The choir (spelled 'quire' by the church) is slightly later English Gothic architecture. The east end, and north and south transepts are in a similar style. The nave contains the West Window, constructed in 1338.

Stained glass
Some of the stained glass in York Minster dates back to the twelfth century. Over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window (finished in 1408), one of the largest areas of mediaeval stained glass in the world.   The window is known to be the work of John Thornton of Coventry a master glazier and stained glass artist who was active in England during the first half of the 15th century.

In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window, each narrow window being over  high. The south transept contains the famous Rose window. About 2 million individual pieces of glass make up the cathedral's 128 stained glass windows. Much of the glass was removed before and pieced back together after the First and Second World Wars, and the windows are constantly being cleaned and restored to keep their beauty intact.

Towers and bells
A total of seven clock bells, 14 change ringing bells and 22 carillon bells are lodged in the towers. The carillon bells are played on a baton keyboard in the ringing chamber. The largest bell is Great Peter, which strikes the hour. It weighs 10.8 tons.

History
York has had a Christian presence from the 300s. The first church on the site was a wooden structure built hurriedly in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria. A stone building was completed in 637, and was dedicated to Saint Peter. Its school and library were started in the 7th century.

In 741 the church was destroyed in a fire. It was rebuilt as a bigger building, with thirty altars. The church and the entire area then passed through the hands of Norse invaders. The Benedictine archbishop Ealdred travelled to Westminster to crown William in 1066. Ealdred died in 1069 and was buried in the church.

The church was damaged in 1069, but the first Norman archbishop, arriving in 1070, organised repairs. The Danes destroyed the church in 1075, but it was again rebuilt from 1080. Built in the Norman style, it was 111 m (364.173 ft) long. The new structure was damaged by fire in 1137 but was soon repaired. The choir and crypt were remodelled in 1154, and a new chapel was built, all in the Norman style.

The Gothic style in cathedrals had arrived in the mid 12th century. Walter de Gray was made archbishop in 1215 and ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to compare with Canterbury; building began in 1220. The cathedral was declared complete and consecrated in 1472.

The English Reformation led to the first Anglican archbishop. Some of the cathedral's treasures were taken by the Crown, and the church lost some of its land. Under Elizabeth I there was an effort to remove all traces of the Roman Catholic Church from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows, and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but Thomas Fairfax prevented any further damage to the cathedral.

Other websites

York Minster
Photo essay on interior of York Minster
VR York Tour  Virtual Tour of York Minster - view the interior and exterior of the Minster in York

References

Buildings and structures in North Yorkshire
Anglican cathedrals in England
York
13th-century buildings and structures

York Minster


Jennifer Claire Tamas (; born November 23, 1982) is an American indoor volleyball player. Tamas made her first Olympic appearance at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and helped Team USA to a silver medal.

Personal life
Tamas was born in Santa Clara, California, to David and Jody Joines. She has a brother, John, who also graduated from the University of Pacific and played baseball for four years as an outfielder.  She lives and coaches in Illinois.

She attended Milpitas High coached by Jeff Lamb for two years and Presentation High School in San Jose, California, coached by Jim Reilly and graduated in 2000. She chose to play volleyball at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California, where she majored in communications and business and was a member of Alpha Phi.

On August 22, 2009, she married her college sweetheart, Chris Tamas, in Paso Robles, California. Chris also played collegiate volleyball at Pacific where he was an All-American setter and holds the all-time assist record.

University of the Pacific
In 2003, Tamas capped her career at University of the Pacific by being selected as an American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) First-Team All-American and became the first four-time All-American in school history. She was also named the 2003 Big West Conference Player of the Year. She was named first-team All-Big West Conference for the fourth-straight season. For the season, she recorded a .340 hitting percentage with 5.63 kills, 2.09 digs and 1.20 blocks per game.

In 2002, she averaged 4.99 kills and 1.32 blocks per game and finished her junior season third in the Pacific career record book in kills (1,501) and seventh in total blocks (486). As a sophomore in 2001, she led the Tigers and Big West with 601 kills, 4.73 kills per game and a .313 hitting percentage. As a freshman in 2000, she broke 15-year-old record for single-season hitting percentage at .402 and was named the Big West Freshman of the Year and First Team All-Big West.

Major international competition
2010
 World Championship (fourth place)
2008
 Olympic Games (silver medal)
 U.S. Olympic team exhibition vs. Brazil
 FIVB World Grand Prix *World Champions Cup
2007
 Pan American Cup (fourth place)
 FIVB World Grand Prix (eighth place)
 NORCECA Championship (silver medal)
 FIVB World Cup (bronze medal)
2006
 Pan American Cup (fourth place)
 FIVB World Grand Prix (seventh place)
 World Championships (ninth place)
2005
 Front Range Tour vs. Brazil
 Pan American Cup
 FIVB World Championship Qualifying Tournament (gold medal)
 NORCECA Continental Championships (gold medal)
 World Champions Cup
2003
 Pan American Games (bronze medal)

International highlights
2008 – Started eight of nine sets played in the opening preliminary weekend of the FIVB World Grand Prix. She averaged 3.11 points with 2.78 kills and 0.33 blocks per set and compiled a .511 hitting efficiency on 45 swings and just two errors.
2007 – Averaged 2.40 points per set during Pan American Cup and only non-libero to play in all 25 sets. She produced 15 points, including international career-high five blocks, versus Dominican Republic on June 29. She started 18 sets and three matches at the FIVB World Cup and averaged 2.11 points, 1.47 kills and 0.58 blocks per set with an overall .386 hitting percentage.
2006 – Averaged 3.33 points in 24 sets over seven matches of a tour of Italy March 22 to April 2. She scored in every match of the Pan American Cup with 10 points against Venezuela and 13 points against Argentina. She scored 61 total points at Pan American Cup. She played in 14 sets of the World Championships with eight individual set starts and compiled 24 points on 18 kills and six blocks, including a personal tournament high 10 points coming off the bench against Kazakhstan on Oct. 31.
2005 – Selected as a member of the USA Women's National Team that captured the silver medal at the season-ending FIVB World Grand Champions Cup in Japan in November, where the United States finished the tournament with a record of 4–1 as it earned wins over Korea, 2004 Olympic gold medalist China, Poland and Japan along the way.

Professional
Tamas played for Toyota Auto Body Queenseis in Japan's V-League in 2008. In 2007, she played for Bigmat San Paolo Chieri of the Italian Serie A League. Produced a 2.10 points per set average and 52.6 kill efficiency for Chieri, which advanced to the league quarterfinals.

References

External links

 Bio for Bigmat San Paolo Chieri

1982 births
Living people
American women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in volleyball
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Volleyball players at the 2003 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pacific Tigers women's volleyball players
Sportspeople from Santa Clara, California
American expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Pan American Games medalists in volleyball
Middle blockers
American expatriate sportspeople in Japan
American expatriate sportspeople in Russia
American expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Expatriate volleyball players in Italy
Expatriate volleyball players in Japan
Expatriate volleyball players in Russia
Expatriate volleyball players in Azerbaijan
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Illinois Fighting Illini women's volleyball coaches
American volleyball coaches

Jennifer Tamas


The Waasland or Land van Waas is a historic region in northern Belgium. It is part of the Belgian provinces of East Flanders and Antwerp. The other borders are with the Scheldt and Durme rivers (east and south) and, to the north, the border with the Dutch region of Zeelandic Flanders. The (informal) capital and major city of the region is Sint-Niklaas.

Waas most likely refers to the soggy soil of the region although the exact etymology is unknown. One possibility is a connection to the English word "wasteland". The swamps that characterized it have long been drained although many fields are still noticeably convex; the result of many years of plowing the topsoil towards the center to improve drainage.

Historically, on account of its waterlogged, poor soils the region was thinly populated in comparison to the rest of Belgium and agriculture was by necessity based on holder farms using innovative techniques not usually applied elsewhere even if the farmers had ready markets nearby in the cities of Ghent and Antwerp. Charles Townshend (1674–1748), one of the proponents of the early agricultural revolution, was an explicit advocate of agricultural practices first developed here in Belgium, such as the use of turnips in crop rotation, and the region for some time attracted study trips by early agriculturists in his wake.

The epic tale of Reynard the Fox is set in the region.

The surname "Waas" and variants thereof is quite common in Belgium and refers to this region.

Communities in the Waasland
In the province of East-Flanders:

 Beveren
 Kruibeke
 Lokeren
 Moerbeke-Waas
 Sint-Gillis-Waas
 Sint-Niklaas
 Stekene
 Temse
 Waasmunster

In the province of Antwerp:

 Zwijndrecht

Gallery

Areas of Belgium
Regions of Flanders
Geography of Antwerp Province
Geography of East Flanders

Waasland


Cornelius or Cornelis Tollius (c. 1628 - 13 June 1654) was a Dutch scholar.

Life
Tollius was born in Rhenen, the son of Johannes Tollius and his first wife Maria Gordon. He probably studied in Utrecht and certainly in Amsterdam under the friendly guidance of Gerhard Johann Vossius. With Gerhard's son Isaac Vossius, who in 1648 became court librarian in Uppsala, he went to Sweden as an amanuensis. His companion later accused him of having stolen some of his books. On 12 April 1648 Tollius was appointed professor of history and Greek at the University of Harderwijk, where he was also secretary of the College of Curators. In January 1654 he succeeded Georgius Hornius as professor of history, political science, and geography. Tollius died unexpectedly in Gouda, shortly after his marriage on 5 March to Margaretha van Kent, the daughter of the mayor of Gouda. He died in Gouda, still a young man, while his contemporaries had high expectations of him.

Works
Tollius' publications include:
Cornelii Tollii Ad Pierii Valeriani De literatorum infelicitate librum appendix (Amsterdam 1647) online (Harderwijk 1655 and Leipzig 1707, with Pietro Alcionio, Medices legatus sive de exilio Oratio de natura et constitutione verae Politices)
Palæphati De Incredibilibvs, Greek text with Latin translation (Amsterdam 1649) online (translation reprinted by Martin Brunner, Uppsala 1663; by Thomas Gale, Opuscula Mythologica Ethica et Physica, Cambridge 1671, repr. Amsterdam 1688; and by Paulus Pater, Frankfurt 1685, 1686, 1687)
 Ioannis Cinnami De rebus gestis imperat. Constantinop. Joannis et Manuelis, Commenorum, historiar. libri IV, editio princeps with Latin translation (Utrecht 1652) online

A number of Tollius' orations were also published:
Cornelii Tollii Adlocutio ad nobilissimum & magnificum dominum, Ioannem Wynbergium, supremae Gelriae curiae senatorem, ejusdem ducatus & comitatis Zutphaniae academiae curatorem, Hardervici consulem, sponsum: cum domum duceret nobilissimam, lectissimamque virginem, Gertrudim à Dedem, sponsam (Harderwijk 1647; to Johan van Wijnbergen, the mayor of Harderwijk)
Oratio de pace inter Hispaniae regem Philippum et liberos ordines Belgii ipso publicationis die Harderovici habita (Amsterdam 1648)
Cornelii Tollii Oratio in obitum incomparabilis, & illustris viri Gerardi Ioannis Vossii ... in inclito Amstelodamensium gymnasio professoris celeberrimi : habita .... XII aprilis MDCXLIX (Amsterdam 1649)
Oratio in obitum Joh. Andr. Schmitzii in Acad. Harderov. Medic. Prof. (Harderwijk 1652)

1620s births
1654 deaths
Dutch classical scholars
People from Rhenen
Academic staff of the University of Harderwijk

Cornelius Tollius


Taliesin (/ˌtæliˈɛsɪn/), sometimes known as Taliesin East, Taliesin Spring Green, or Taliesin North after 1937,  near Spring Green, Wisconsin, was the summer home of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright began the building in 1911 after leaving his first wife, Catherine Tobin, and his Oak Park, Illinois, home and studio in 1909.

The impetus behind Wright's departure was his affair with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who had been his client, along with her husband, Edwin Cheney. His winter home, Taliesin West, is located in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Some of the buildings designed at Taliesin were Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, the Johnson Wax Headquarters, and the first Usonian home, the first Herbert and Katherine Jacobs house, in Madison, Wisconsin (1936).

Other websites

The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Information on the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, his archives, the Taliesin Fellowship, and tours
The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture, the official website of the school
Taliesin Preservation, Inc. Restoration and tours of Taliesin
http://www.bolender.com/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright/The_Taliesin_Fellowship_Publication_Volume_1_Number_2_February_1941

Frank Lloyd Wright
Buildings and structures in Wisconsin

Taliesin (studio)


Lower Woods () is a  biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near the village of Wickwar, South Gloucestershire, notified in 1966 and renotified in 1985. The site area has increased at last revision in 1974 to a  site. The site is a nature reserve managed by the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust.

Lower Woods are the most extensive area of ancient woodlands and seminatural woodland in the former county of Avon and now in South Gloucestershire. It is one of the largest ancient woodlands in the south-west of England and covers some three square kilometres.  There are three waymarked trails and over sixty miles of paths, rides and wide grassy 'trenches' (ancient roads).

This large reserve is made up of twenty-three woods and coppices, the boundaries of which have remained unchanged for several centuries. The woods are linked by a network of grass trenches and ridges.  The Little Avon River runs through the centre of the site. The woods are situated in the damp clay soils of the Vale of Berkeley and are made up of the distinct woodlands as well as grassland areas.

The site is adjacent to Yarley Meadows which is also an SSSI.

Geology
The site contains significant exposures of clays, shales, limestones and bone-beds (Rhaetic time period). These would have been laid down some 200 million years ago in a shallow sea.  The exposures in this area have been a source of research for some 150 years, notably the units called the Westbury Beds, the Cotham Beds and the Liostrea Beds. The site has two horizons of Landscape Marble and outcrops of conglomeratic bone-beds (in the Westbury shales).  The latter contain a significant amount of fossil fish, and sedimentological features.

The woodland
Fuller information is available from the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust nature reserves handbook and the Trust publication on the natural history of the site. Large parts of the woodland are traditional coppice-with-standards, with pedunculate oak and ash over hazel coppice.  There is a wide range other shrubs including field maple, holly, goat willow, spindle, wild privet, midland hawthorn and guelder-rose.  There are dense stands of wild service tree which is an indicator of ancient woodland.  There is some sessile oak and along the riverside alder. Some of the wood has developed to a high forest structure.

Woodland flowers
Fuller information is available from the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust nature reserves handbook. Typical woodland flowers include bluebell, wood anemone, early-purple orchid, primrose, ramsons (wood garlic), common dog-violet and yellow archangel.  Uncommon species are meadow saffron, herb-paris, common cow-wheat, bitter-vetch and violet helleborine.  The grassy rides support betony, devil's-bit scabious, saw-wort, common spotted-orchid, greater knapweed, greater butterfly-orchid, cowslip and yellow-rattle.  The damper rides supports lesser spearwort, ragged-robin, marsh ragwort, brooklime and various sedges and rushes.

Mammals, birds and invertebrates
The site supports common dormouse and lesser horseshoe bat in particular. The site is considered as the most important in South Gloucestershire for nightingales. Also recorded are woodcock, lesser spotted woodpecker, wood warbler, tawny owl and turtle dove. The grassy rises, meadows and open coppice areas are ideal for rarer butterflies including white admiral, purple hairstreak, silver-washed fritillary, dingy skipper and brown argus.

Conservation
The main aims are to monitor the maintenance and enhancement of existing grassland areas, the coppice regimes and to remove exotic species of conifer and hybrid poplar. Coppice must be maintained at-standards.  Scrub cutting is done in the original trenches, ensuring exposure of the old wood banks and ditches.

Publications

 Kelham, A, Sanderson, J, Doe, J, Edgeley-Smith, M, et al., 1979, 1990, 2002 editions, 'Nature Reserves of the Gloucestershire Trust for Nature Conservation/Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust'
 Martin M (editor), 1996, 2004 (revised second edition), 'Lower Woods Nature Reserve – A Guide', Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
 Martin M, Rowlatt, S (editors), 2001(published), 'The Natural History of Lower Woods in 2000 AD', Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, (includes list of contributors)
 'Lower Woods Nature Reserve – Information and Waymarked Walks',  (undated),  Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust

References

SSSI source
 Natural England SSSI information on the citation
 Natural England SSSI information on the Lower Woods units

External links
 Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
 Natural England (SSSI information)

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Avon
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1966
South Gloucestershire District
Forests and woodlands of Gloucestershire
Woodland Sites of Special Scientific Interest
Nature reserves in Gloucestershire

Lower Woods