The 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th president, Rutherford B. Hayes.  It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said,

"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice. Instances of remaining lawlessness have become of rare occurrence; political turmoil and turbulence have disappeared; useful industries have been resumed; public credit in the Southern States has been greatly strengthened, and the encouraging benefits of a revival of commerce between the sections of the country lately embroiled in civil war are fully enjoyed."   He gave this address right after troops were withdrawn from the South.  The Reconstruction Era ended in March 1877, and the Southern United States were freed from Republican control.

References

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes
45th United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
December 1877 events
State of the Union

1877 State of the Union Address


"Let's keep the Goan tradition and culture alive, worldwide"

Ag'y Aga Sonar Xetti
Goldsmith, Sir

Type: Deknni

Source: José Pereira/ Micael Martins. A Sheaf of Deknnis, p. 21, Song No. 1

Lyrics and Music:

Date:

Musical form: Binary

Literary form: Ethnological aspects

Translated by José Pereira

Ag' y aga sonar xetti,

Goldsmith, Sir,

Pettoi tujem y agttem.

Light your brazier.

Ful zaundi zogtem dada,

Let the flower sparkle,

Rumborhachem (rumboddachem).

The forest fig flower of gold.

Fulo rumborachem dada,

The forest fig flower,

Derhxam pakolleanchem.

Has a hundred and fifty petals.

Bavanum kon-num y aple,

A brother should make it,

Boinnim' diuchem.

And give it to his sister.

Arhy (addi) forem kudolly bava,

Get your axe and pickaxe brother,

Karhy (kaddi) y eku depo,

Unearth a clod,

Tajery dovory rompo bava,

And on it place a sapling,

Rumborhatso.

Of the forest fig tree.

Cazucha mullant bava,

At the foot of the cashew tree,

Y asai tego kole.

There are three foxes brother.

Tantul' dog don-num y arhxi (addxi),

At least two of them,

Zalea' polle.

See if you can catch.

Papa mamam Xerole,

Your father and your mother are at Xerole,

Cherh'm (cheddum) y aum binam binam.

I am not afraid, you girl.

Dekhṇi (also spelled Dekni, Dekni, Dekhṇi) is a semi classical Goan (Indian) dance form. The plural of dekṇi in Konkani remains the same.

One of the most famous Deknni songs is Hanv Saiba Poltodi Vetam by Carlos Eugenio Ferreira (1860–1926) first published in Paris in 1895 and then in Goa in 1926. The song was adapted by Raj Kapoor as Na mangoon sona chandi in his Hindi movie Bobby. The story that is depicted in this song is about two temple dancers who want to go for Damu's wedding and they approach the boatman to ferry them across the river. The boatman says, "No! The river is rough!" The dancers offer the boatman their gold jewellery; but the boatman is still firm. "No!" he says. So the dancers dance for the boatman and this time he ferries them across the river.

One of the earliest deknnis which may be dated around 1869 is Kuxttoba in which he is called "heir to India and terror of Goa", implying resistance to Portuguese rule. Kuxttoba was a member of the Salekar branch of the Rane family. Information about his birth, the reason and the course of his rebellion and the manner of his end are vague. He did rebel as an individual against the rule of the Portuguese in Goa but he presented no concept for a free Goa.

Other deknni songs are:
 Arê tanddela
 Tendulechim tendulim
 Vaingem kazar zata mhunn
 Voddekara
 Vhoir vhoir dongrar
 Xeutim mogrim abolim

Polleiat

Dekhnni

Sondorbh

Konknni
देखणी / Dekhni
Romi panam

Ag’y Aga Sonar Xetti - Dekhni


is a manga by Osamu Tezuka that began serialization in 1960.

Plot
The story revolves around a mysterious place called "Angel's Island" that resides somewhere on the ocean seas.  Living on Angel's Island are a species of merpeople that can live both in the sea and on land.  They have the form of a human, but can breathe in water as well as on land.  Luna is a princess of this species of mermaid living on Angel's Island, but is exiled for breaking some of their rules.  As punishment, she is placed inside a sea shell, and set adrift across the sea.

While adrift, Luna is rescued from the sea shell when she is picked up by a passing ship.  However, the people on the ship sell her into slavery, which causes Luna to lose her memory from the cruel treatment.  Eiji Kusahara, the son of a wealthy Japanese family, finds Luna and rescues her from slavery; taking her into his home.  There, she meets Eiji's younger sister, Akemi, who looks almost exactly like Luna.  For some strange reason, Akemi is able to turn herself into a mermaid just like Luna on nothing more than a whim.

Before too long, mermaids from Angel's Island arrive and kidnap Eiji and Akemi, taking them back to the island.  There, the sinister and deceitful Pyoma attempts to make Akemi a sacrificial offering, while Eiji meets Soleiu, Luna's older sister.  Together, Eiji and Soleiu discover the mysteries behind Angel's Island.

Characters
Luna: The mermaid princess who is exiled for breaking the rules of Angel's Island.
Akemi Kusahara: Younger sister of Eiji Kusahara who happens to look exactly like Luna.
Eiji Kusahara: Son of the wealthy Kusahara family who rescues Luna from a cruel fate as a slave.
Soleiu: Luna's older sister.
Pyoma: A wicked woman who intends for her own son, Pirene, to be the King of Angel's Island.
Chi-Chi:
Coco:
Tuck/Kalpis as "Fuguhei":
Char:
Better:
Poseidon:

See also
Osamu Tezuka
List of Osamu Tezuka manga
List of Osamu Tezuka anime
Osamu Tezuka's Star System

References

External links
Angel's Hill at TezukaOsamu.Net
Angel's Hill manga page at TezukaOsamu@World
Angel's Hill manga page at TezukaOsamu@World
Angel's Hill manga publications page at TezukaOsamu@World
Angel's Hill manga publications page at TezukaOsamu@World

1960 manga
Fantasy anime and manga
Kodansha manga
Osamu Tezuka manga
Shōjo manga

Angel's Hill


Ons Jabeur (born 28 August 1994) is a Tunisian professional tennis player. She has a career-high ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of world No. 2, achieved on 27 June 2022. Jabeur is the current Tunisian number one, and the highest-ranked African and Arab tennis player in WTA and ATP rankings history. She has won five singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as eleven singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Jabeur was the runner-up at Wimbledon in 2022 and 2023 and at the US Open in 2022, becoming the first African and Arab woman to contest a major singles final.

Jabeur was first exposed to tennis by her mother at three years old. She became pro in her teen years when she reached two junior major girls' singles finals at the French Open in 2010 and 2011, winning the latter and becoming the first African or Arab to win a junior major since 1964. After nearly a decade of playing primarily at the ITF level, she started competing more regularly on the WTA Tour in 2017. She won the Arab Woman of the Year award in 2019. At the 2020 Australian Open, Jabeur became the first Arab woman to reach a major quarterfinal, a feat she repeated at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships. She also became the first Arab woman to win a WTA Tour title at the 2021 Birmingham Classic. Jabeur won the 2022 Madrid Open, a WTA 1000 event, her biggest title, becoming the first female Tunisian and Arab player to win at this level. Her achievements are credited with raising the profile of tennis across the African continent.

Early life
Ons Jabeur was born to Samira and Ridha Jabeur in Ksar Hellal, a small town in Tunisia. She grew up in the larger nearby coastal town of Sousse. Jabeur has two older brothers, Hatem and Marwen, and an older sister, Yasmine. Her mother played tennis recreationally and introduced her to the sport at the age of three. Jabeur trained under coach Nabil Mlika for ten years from ages four to thirteen, originally starting to work with him at a tennis promotion centre at her school. When she was ten years old, her club did not have their own tennis courts and she could only train on courts at nearby hotels. At twelve years old, Jabeur moved to the capital city of Tunis to train at the Lycée Sportif El Menzah, a national sport high school for the country's up-and-coming athletes, where she stayed for several years.

She also later trained in Belgium and France starting at the age of 16. Jabeur credits her parents for the sacrifices they made while raising her, saying, "My parents sacrificed a lot of things – my mom used to drive me everywhere around Tunisia to go play the tournaments, and she encouraged me to go to a special school to study. That was a big sacrifice to see her little girl going for a dream that, honestly, wasn't 100% guaranteed. She believed in me and gave me the confidence to be there."

Junior career
Jabeur began playing on the ITF Junior Circuit in August 2007 on the week of her 13th birthday. With compatriot Nour Abbès, she won the doubles event of her debut tournament, the Grade 5 Al Fatah ITF Junior Tournament in Lebanon. She defeated Abbès to win her first Grade 5 singles event at the 2009 Fujairah ITF Junior Tennis Championships in the United Arab Emirates, where she also won the doubles event with Abbès. Later in the year, she started to have more success at higher-level tournaments, finishing runner-up at the Grade 2 International Junior Championships of Morocco and winning the Grade 2 Smash International Junior Championships in Egypt, both in singles. She made her junior Grand Slam debut at the 2009 US Open, losing her opening match to Laura Robson.

Jabeur started to produce strong results at the junior Grand Slam and other Grade A events in May 2010. In the doubles event at the Trofeo Bonfiglio, she partnered with Charlène Seateun to reach the semifinals. Two weeks later, she played the 2010 French Open and upset third seed Irina Khromacheva in the semifinals before finishing runner-up to Elina Svitolina. She also performed well at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals in singles and the semifinal in doubles. She lost to Yulia Putintseva in singles, and Khromacheva and Svitolina in doubles alongside Monica Puig. Putintseva defeated Jabeur again at the US Open. Jabeur entered the doubles event with Putintseva and lost in the quarterfinals to Khromacheva again, who had partnered with Daria Gavrilova. Following the US Open, Jabeur had left wrist surgery in November that kept her out for five months until April 2011.

The last two singles events of Jabeur's junior career were the 2011 French Open and the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. At the French Open, she won her only junior Grand Slam title to become the first North African woman to win a junior Grand Slam tournament. As the ninth seed, she upset top seed Daria Gavrilova in the quarterfinals, third seed Caroline Garcia in the semifinals, and then fifth seed Monica Puig in the final. This title helped her rise to  in the world in the junior rankings. She also became the first Arab girl to win a junior Grand Slam singles title in history, and the first junior in general since Ismail El Shafei won the Wimbledon boys' title in 1964. Jabeur also entered the doubles event at the Grade 1 Junior International Roehampton, which she won while partnering with Ashleigh Barty.

Professional career

2008–12: WTA Tour debut
Jabeur began playing on the ITF Women's Circuit in 2008 at the age of 14. In October 2009, she finished runner-up in both singles and doubles at a $10K tournament in Monastir near her hometown, losing to Elise Tamaëla in both events. She won her first title at the $10k level in singles in May 2010 in Antalya, Turkey. She then won the singles and doubles events at another $10k tournament in Casablanca, Morocco two months later.

After having left wrist surgery at the end of the year and winning a junior Grand Slam title, Jabeur moved up to the $25k and $50k levels in the summer of 2011. She made her Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour main-draw debut at the age of 17 as a wildcard at the Premier 5 Qatar Open in February 2012, where she lost her first career match to No. 103 Virginie Razzano, in three sets. She was also given a wildcard into the qualifying competition at the Dubai Tennis Championships the following week. Although she did not qualify, she upset world No. 33 Zheng Jie with a ranking of No. 1169. Jabeur did not have much success at the ITF Circuit in 2012, only reaching one final, which came in singles and was her first at the $25k level. She also entered qualifying at the French Open, but only won one match. Jabeur finished the year ranked No. 260 in the world.

2013–16: Top 200 at the ITF Circuit level

After a slow start to 2013, Jabeur won her first $25k title in April 2013 in Tunis. She then won back-to-back $50k titles over An-Sophie Mestach in Japan in May to bring her into the top 200 for the first time. In July, Jabeur played in her second WTA tournament main draw at the Baku Cup. She upset top seed, defending champion, and world No. 37, Bojana Jovanovski, in the second round before losing in the quarterfinals to Magda Linette. She entered the qualifying competitions at Wimbledon and the US Open, losing her opening match in both events. A third $50k title at the Saguenay Challenger with a win in the final over CoCo Vandeweghe took her to a new career-high of 139.
In 2014 she played the main draw in the 2014 Malaysian Open losing to Giulia Gatto-Monticone in the first round.

Jabeur stayed inside the top 200 for most of the next three years, but could not enter the top 100, reaching a career-best ranking of 118 in 2015. She continued to play a mix of ITF and WTA events, but played primarily at the ITF level. Her only ITF title in 2014 came at a $25k event in Tunis, and she did not win any titles in 2015. She finished runner-up twice in 2014, with the higher-level result coming at the $50k Open Nantes Atlantique, losing to Kateřina Siniaková. After losing in qualifying at the French Open and Wimbledon, Jabeur qualified for two major main draws in a row at the 2014 US Open and the 2015 Australian Open. She lost her opening matches at both tournaments to No. 19 Andrea Petkovic and Vera Zvonareva, respectively. With no titles, finals, or semifinals in 2015, her year-end ranking dropped to No. 210. Jabeur rebounded with two $25k titles in January 2016. A $50k title at the Nana Trophy in Tunis helped her return to the top 200 for all but one week through the rest of the season. Nonetheless, she lost in qualifying at both Wimbledon and the US Open and did not have a strong second half of the season. She finished the year at No. 193.

2017–18: First WTA Tour final, top 100

Jabeur participated in all four Grand Slam singles events in 2017 for the first time. After losing in the last round of qualifying at the Australian Open, she reached the French Open main draw as a lucky loser, the Wimbledon main draw as a qualifier, and the US Open main draw as a direct acceptance. She began to rise back up the rankings at the Premier-level Dubai Tennis Championships, where she qualified for the main draw and upset world No. 22, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, in the first round. This result brought her from No. 171 to No. 137.

After moderate success at the $60k level, Jabeur's next big breakthrough came at the French Open. As a lucky loser, she won two main-draw matches, including an upset of world No. 7, Dominika Cibulková, in the second round for her first top-10 victory. She lost in the third round to Timea Bacsinszky. At the end of July, she made her top-100 debut. Her only other Grand Slam main-draw match-win of the year was a first-round win over American wildcard Brienne Minor at the US Open, which cemented her place in the top 100 for the rest of the year.

Jabeur fell out of the top 100 in February 2018. She did not win her first match of the year until she reached the quarterfinals at the $60k Space Coast Pro Classic in April. After she lost in qualifying at the French Open, she dropped down to No. 180 in the world. Jabeur regained some of her ranking points when she won her first $100k title at the Manchester Trophy, bringing her back to No. 133.

With this title, she also earned a wildcard into the main draw at Wimbledon. She won her only Grand Slam main-draw match of the year at Wimbledon over Viktorija Golubic, who she defeated for the third time in the span of a month. Jabeur ended her season with the best result of her career to date. As a qualifier at the Premier-level Kremlin Cup, she finished runner-up to world No. 14, Daria Kasatkina. She defeated three top-25 players in the tournament, including No. 8 Sloane Stephens and No. 11 Anastasija Sevastova. With this result, she returned to the top 100 at a career-high of No. 62 in the world.

2019: US Open third round

Jabeur played all four Grand Slam main draws for the first time in 2019, and stayed in the top 100 the entire year. She lost in the first round at the first three Grand Slam tournaments of the season, and did not win multiple main draw matches at any tournaments until after the French Open in May. Jabeur had a better second half of the season. She reached the semifinals at the Premier-level Eastbourne International, where she upset home favourite and world No. 19, Johanna Konta. She withdrew before the semifinal due to a right ankle injury.

Jabeur's next big result came at the US Open. She defeated No. 27 Caroline Garcia and then Aliaksandra Sasnovich to reach the third round at a Grand Slam tournament for the second time in her career. She lost a tight three-set match to world No. 3, Karolína Plíšková, in the third round. With this success, she reached a career-high ranking of No. 51. The only other tournament of the year where Jabeur won multiple main-draw matches was the Tianjin Open in October. She defeated three players including No. 36 Yulia Putintseva, before losing to Rebecca Peterson in her second semifinal of the year.

2020: A major quarterfinal, top 50
Jabeur had a major breakthrough at the Australian Open. After defeating Johanna Konta and Caroline Garcia in the first two rounds, she beat Caroline Wozniacki in three sets in the last match of Wozniacki's career. Jabeur defeated a fourth top 50 player in succession in Wang Qiang before losing to eventual champion Sofia Kenin in the quarterfinals. With this result, she made her top-50 debut, and also became the first Arab woman to reach a Grand Slam quarterfinal.

The following month, Jabeur continued her progress after receiving two wildcards to both Premier tournaments in the Middle East. She held a match point against No. 2, Simona Halep, in a second-round loss at the Dubai Tennis Championships. She then reached the quarterfinals at the Qatar Ladies Open, where she upset world No. 3, Karolína Plíšková, in the third round. After the COVID-19 season suspension, Jabeur continued her good form at a Grand Slam level by reaching the third round of the US Open and the fourth round of the French Open for the first time in her career. She finished the year as world No. 31, her highest year-end ranking thus far.

2021: First title, major quarterfinal & top 10

Jabeur reached the semifinal of the Charleston Open and the final of the WTA 250 MUSC Health Open (also in Charleston), the latter of which she lost to Australian Astra Sharma. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 24 on 10 May 2021. Seeded 25th at the French Open, she took her revenge by defeating Sharma in the second round to advance to the third round of a major for a sixth straight time. She defeated Magda Linette to reach the fourth round for a second time in this major where she lost to 24th seed Coco Gauff. Seeded second, Jabeur reached her third final in her career and made history as the first Arab woman to win a WTA Tour title at the Birmingham Classic by defeating Daria Kasatkina. At the same tournament, partnering with Australian Ellen Perez, Jabeur also reached her first doubles final, losing to Marie Bouzková and Lucie Hradecká.

At Wimbledon, Jabeur, seeded 21st, defeated five-time champion Venus Williams to become the first Tunisian tennis player, first Arab woman, and the first woman representing an African country since Cara Black from Zimbabwe in 2005, to reach the third round (or quarterfinals) at Wimbledon. This also marked her seventh consecutive third-round appearance at a major. She continued her run when, despite vomiting at the side of the court when at match point, she defeated former Wimbledon champion and 11th seed, Garbiñe Muguruza, to reach the fourth round, coming back from a set down to reach the second week and round of 16 for the first time.

The day before, Tunisian supporters who flocked to Wimbledon burst into song — the national soccer team song, because there isn't one for tennis — and shouted her name after her fourth-round victory over 2020 French Open champion Iga Świątek. She defeated seventh seed Iga Świątek (making another comeback from the first set down) to reach the quarterfinals, where she lost to second seed and also first-time quarterfinalist Aryna Sabalenka. As a result, she reached a career-high ranking of world No. 22 on 26 July 2021.

To begin the US Open Series, Jabeur played the Canadian Open seeded 13th, beating Clara Burel, Daria Kasatkina, and defending champion Bianca Andreescu before losing in the quarterfinals to Jessica Pegula in three sets. With this result, she made her top 20 debut the week of 16 August 2021. At Indian Wells, Jabeur reached her first WTA 1000 semifinal by defeating Anett Kontaveit in the quarterfinals. With the win, she propelled herself into a career-high ranking, becoming the first Arab tennis player to reach the top 10 in either ATP or WTA rankings history. After the withdrawal of Emma Raducanu from the 2021 Mubadala World Tennis Championship, Jabeur was given her place. She won the tournament, defeating Belinda Bencic in the final.

2022: Two major finals and world No. 2
Jabeur started her season at the Sydney International. She defeated Astra Sharma in the first round and Petra Kvitová in the second round before losing to Anett Kontaveit in the quarterfinals. She subsequently withdrew from the Australian Open due to a back injury sustained in the Sydney tournament. In February, Jabeur played the Dubai Championships, where she defeated former world No. 2, Vera Zvonareva and Jessica Pegula, before falling to former No. 1, Simona Halep in the quarterfinals. She then entered the Qatar Ladies Open. After a first round bye, she defeated Aliaksandra Sasnovich and Tereza Martincová before falling to Kontaveit again in the quarterfinals.

At the Indian Wells Open, Jabeur received a bye into the second round where she was upset by Daria Saville in three sets. She reached the fourth round at the Miami Open, falling to 2022 Australian Open finalist Danielle Collins in straight sets. Jabeur reached her first final of the year at the Charleston Open, where she fell to Belinda Bencic in three sets. In Stuttgart, she was defeated by Paula Badosa in the quarterfinals. Seeded eighth at the Madrid Open, the world No. 10 reached her first WTA 1000 final, besting Belinda Bencic and Simona Halep, before defeating Ekaterina Alexandrova in the semifinals to become the first Arab player to reach a final at this level. She defeated Jessica Pegula in the final to become the first African player to win a WTA 1000 title, the ninth different winner at the Madrid Open and the 38th different winner in a WTA 1000 tournament (since 2009).
At the Italian Open, she reached her second consecutive WTA 1000 final, defeating Sorana Cîrstea, Ajla Tomljanović, Yulia Putintseva, and fourth seed Maria Sakkari, before saving a match point in the semifinals against Daria Kasatkina for her 11th straight win. In the final, she lost to Iga Świątek in straight sets. By reaching the final at the Italian Open, Jabeur set a career-high ranking of world No. 6, on 16 May 2022. After having an excellent clay-court season, she then participated in the French Open, where she drew Magda Linette in the first round. She was shockingly defeated by Linette, after having a set and a break lead in the second set. Despite this, she reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4, on 6 June 2022, following the conclusion of the tournament.

As the top seed, she won the German Open in Berlin after Belinda Bencic retired in the second set of the final. As a result, she moved to a new career-high ranking of world No. 3, on 20 June 2022. Jabeur initially entered the Eastbourne International singles draw seeded second, but withdrew before the tournament. Jabeur remained in the doubles draw as a wildcard, in which she partnered with Serena Williams, who was playing her first tournament since 2021 Wimbledon. Jabeur and Williams won their first-round match against Marie Bouzková and Sara Sorribes Tormo to set up a quarterfinal against Shuko Aoyama and Chan Hao-ching. They then reached the semifinals but Jabeur withdrew before their match with Magda Linette and Aleksandra Krunić citing a right knee injury. She achieved a new career-high in the singles rankings of world No. 2, on 27 June 2022, which was the highest-ranking for any African and Arab tennis player in WTA and ATP rankings history.

In London, she reached her second consecutive Wimbledon quarterfinal, defeating Mirjam Björklund, Katarzyna Kawa, Diane Parry and 24th seed Elise Mertens. Defeating Marie Bouzková in the quarterfinal, she became the first Arab or North African woman ever to reach the semifinals of a major tournament. After that, she defeated Tatjana Maria to reach her maiden Grand Slam final, which made her the first African woman, and the first Arab or North African player, in the Open era to enter a Grand Slam singles final. In the final, she lost to Elena Rybakina in three sets. Despite this, Wimbledon did not receive points due to athletes representing Russia and Belarus being banned from the tournament because of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Leading up to the US Open during the North American summer, Jabeur lost in the second round at the Silicon Valley Classic and retired in her first round match against Zheng Qinwen at the Canadian Open. At the Cincinnati Open, Jabeur lost in the second round to Petra Kvitová, in three sets. At the US Open, she regained her form, advancing to the quarterfinals for the first time at this major defeating 31st seed Shelby Rogers, and then 18th seed Veronika Kudermetova in straight sets to record her first victory over the Russian in four meetings. She became the third African woman to make it into the quarterfinals of the US Open in the Open era – and the first from the northern part of the continent. The other African women to reach the US Open quarterfinals are Maryna Godwin (1968) and Amanda Coetzer (1994, 1996 and 1998), both from South Africa. However, although she eventually managed to reach the final (making her the first African woman and the first Arab woman to do so), she lost against Iga Świątek, in straight sets. Unlike Wimbledon, Jabeur received 1,300 points in the tournament.

Jabeur recorded her first win at a WTA event in Africa against Ann Li at the inaugural edition of the WTA 250 tennis tournament in Tunisia, which she helped start in her home country. She was eventually defeated by Claire Liu in the quarterfinals. Jabeur made her debut at the WTA Finals in Fort Worth. She defeated Jessica Pegula in her second match of the group stage in three sets. However, she finished her campaign in the round-robin stage as she lost two out of her three matches against Aryna Sabalenka and Maria Sákkari, respectively. She ended the best season of her career ranked No. 2 in the WTA rankings.

2023: Two WTA Tour titles, second Wimbledon final
She started the year with two victories against the Romanian Sorana Cîrstea and the qualified Ukrainian Marta Kostyuk in Adelaide International 1. She was defeated in the semi-finals by the young qualified Linda Nosková, 18 years old and 102nd in the world in three sets. In mid-January, she competed in the Australian Open and, after getting rid of the Slovenian Tamara Zidanšek in three sets, she came up against the Czech Markéta Vondroušová. After an absence for a right knee injury which was treated by surgery, she returned to the circuit in March at the Indian Wells, but lost in the third round against the Czech Markéta Vondroušová, after beating Poland's Magdalena Fręch. She fell in the first round of Miami the following week, beaten by Russian qualifier Varvara Gracheva.

In April, she won the 2023 Credit One Charleston Open by beating in the final the Swiss Belinda Bencic, who had beaten her in the final the year before. Seeded number two, she eliminated before the final without losing a single set the Ukrainian Lesia Tsurenko, the guest Caroline Dolehide and the Russians Anna Kalinskaya and Daria Kasatkina, eighth player in the world. She took part in the Stuttgart tournament two weeks later and took out former Roland Garros winner Jeļena Ostapenko and Brazilian Beatriz Haddad Maia but had to retire in the semi-final against number one Iga Świątek after three games due to a left calf injury. This injury also forced her to give up defending her title at 2023 Mutua Madrid Open. She returns to 2023 Italian Open but loses in the first match against former world number two Paula Badosa.

At 2023 French Open, she eliminated the Italian Lucia Bronzetti, the local Océane Dodin, the last Frenchwoman in the running, and the Serbian Olga Danilović, both out of the Top 100 to join as in 2020 and 2021 the round of 16 Porte d'Auteuil. She finds the American Bernarda Pera, a novice at this stage. She dismisses him  and goes to the quarter-finals for the first time in her career in the tournament. Against Beatriz Haddad Maia, the match is more complicated and she is overthrown after a long duel.

As defending champion in German Open, she lost in the first round against the German qualifier Jule Niemeier and in the second round in Eastbourne International, beaten by the Italian Camila Giorgi. At Wimbledon, Jabeur managed to eliminate four Grand Slam winners in her way to the final including Bianca Andreescu in the third round, Petra Kvitová in the fourth round, defending champion Elena Rybakina in the quarterfinals, and world No. 2 Aryna Sabalenka in the semi-finals. However, she lost in straight sets to world No. 42 Markéta Vondroušová in the final, which she described as the "most painful loss" in her career.

She won her fifth title defeating Diana Shnaider at the 2023 Ningbo Open.

National representation

Fed Cup
Jabeur represented Tunisia at the Junior Fed Cup in 2009 alongside Nour Abbès and Sonia Daggou. The team finished third place in their round robin group that also included Mexico, China, and Germany. Although Jabeur lost all three of her singles rubbers, Tunisia won their tie against Mexico after Abbès won her singles match and Jabeur teamed up with Abbès to win the decisive doubles rubber. Tunisia finished in 11th place out of 16 teams overall, losing their first 9th-to-12th place tie to Indonesia, but winning their second 9th-to-12th place tie against Australia. Jabeur and Abbès won both singles rubbers in that last tie.

Jabeur made her senior Fed Cup debut for Tunisia in 2011, representing the team from 2011 to 2013, and again from 2016 through 2019. She has played in 29 ties, compiling an overall record of 32–11 split between 24–5 in singles and 8–6 in doubles. Her 24 singles wins are tied with Selima Sfar for the most in Tunisia Fed Cup history. When Jabeur debuted for Tunisia, they were in Europe/Africa Zone Group III. They were promoted to Zone Group II for 2013 after winning all five of their round robin ties and a play-off tie against Ireland in 2012. They were again promoted to Zone Group I for 2014 the following year, winning a play-off tie over Lithuania. However, Tunisia ultimately did not participate in the Fed Cup in 2014 or 2015, which was concurrent with Tunisia's one-year ban from Davis Cup that resulted from their federation requiring Malek Jaziri to default a match to an Israeli player.

When Tunisia returned to Fed Cup in 2016, they were again placed in Zone Group III. They did not manage to win their round robin groups in 2016 or 2017, losing ties to Greece and Luxembourg in 2016 and then Finland and Malta in 2017. Tunisia again won their round robin group again in 2018, after which they defeated Lithuania to win promotion to Zone Group II in 2019. They did not win their round robin group in 2019, keeping them in Zone Group II for 2020. Jabeur won all of her singles rubbers when the team was promoted in 2012, 2013, and 2018.

Olympics
As a junior, Jabeur also represented Tunisia at the 2010 Youth Olympics in Singapore, winning two singles matches and one doubles match, the latter with Romanian Cristina Dinu. She was eliminated in the quarterfinals by Chinese player Zheng Saisai in both competitions. Jabeur also represented Tunisia in singles at the London Olympics in 2012, the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games in 2016, and the Tokyo Olympic Games in 2021. She lost her 2012 opening round match to Sabine Lisicki in three sets. She also lost her 2016 opening round match in three sets, this time to Daria Kasatkina. She had a chance to serve for the match in the second set against Kasatkina, but was broken. In Tokyo, she faced Carla Suárez Navarro in the first round of the singles tournament, but lost in straight sets.

Playing style
Jabeur builds her style of play around variety and hitting what she refers to as "crazy shots". She tries to employ difficult shots because that is how she enjoys playing tennis. She likes to utilize slice and drop shots in particular. Jabeur can hit winners in a variety of ways, including backhand drop shots from the baseline or forehands up the line. She likes to play on any surface.

Coaches

As a junior, Jabeur was coached by Nabil Mlika until she was thirteen years old. Jabeur began working with Bertrand Perret in February 2018.

She viewed Perret as being more supportive of her style of play than her past coaches, saying, "I think he understands my game. He tries to improve my good shots, not change what I do. I've worked with a lot of coaches who tried to change my game ... Bertrand encourages me to do dropshots and also corrects my dropshots, instead of other coaches who told me not to do dropshots at all." In early 2020, Jabeur switched coaches to Issam Jellali, a former Tunisian Davis Cup player with whom she had already been working for about three years.

Personal life

Jabeur is a Muslim. She occasionally has to postpone certain practices due to Ramadan during tournaments. She is married to Karim Kamoun, a Russian-Tunisian former fencer who has been her fitness coach since mid-2017.

Jabeur was one of 12 players who received an International Player Grand Slam Grant from the Grand Slam Development Fund in 2017 immediately before the French Open, where she won her first two career Grand Slam main-draw matches. She became endorsed by Qatar Airways in 2020.

Jabeur won the 2019 Arab Woman of the Year Award in the sport category, having reached the third round of the US Open and established herself as a permanent fixture in the top 100 that year. Jabeur is close friends with fellow tennis player Tatjana Maria, whom she defeated in the semifinals of the 2022 Wimbledon Championships, describing her as her "barbecue buddy".

Television and film
Jabeur appears in the tennis docuseries Break Point, which premiered on Netflix on January 13, 2023.

Sponsorship
In June 2015, Ons Jabeur signed a partnership contract with Qatar National Bank Tunisia. In 2018, she became ambassador of HAVAL belonging to the automotive manufacturer Great Wall Motor through Atlas Auto its distributor in Tunisia, then  sponsored in the same year the Joossoor group chaired by businessman Moez Driss. In December 2020, she became sponsored by the Tunisian telecommunications operator Tunisie Télécom. In February 2022, she signed a sponsorship contract with Talan, an innovation consulting firm.

She has signed with Evolve, a sports management agency founded by four-time Grand Slam champion Naomi Osaka.

Sports ownership
On 25 August 2023, Jabeur purchased a minority stake in National Women's Soccer League club North Carolina Courage, becoming the second professional tennis player to do so after Naomi Osaka.

Career statistics

Grand Slam singles performance timeline

Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 3 (3 runner-ups)

Honours
  Grand officer of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia (14 July 2022)
 Named one of the BBC 100 Women as role model for young tennis players (2022)

Notes

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Tunisian female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
French Open junior champions
People from Monastir Governorate
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players for Tunisia
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles
African Games gold medalists for Tunisia
African Games medalists in tennis
African Games silver medalists for Tunisia
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Tunisia
Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis
Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games
Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
North Carolina Courage owners
Tunisian Muslims

Ons Jabeur


The Amiga CD32 was a game console made by Commodore International release in 1993. It was based around the Amiga A1200 Computer.

Using third party devices, it is possible to upgrade the CD32 with keyboard, floppy drive, hard drive, RAM and mouse, turning it into the equivalent of an Amiga 1200 personal computer.

In the Christmas period of 1993, the CD32 accounted for 38% of all CD-ROM drive sales in the UK, exceeding sales of the Mega-CD; however, it was soon overshadowed by CD-ROM based games consoles from other companies, and was discontinued as Commodore went into bankruptcy in 1994.

175 known game discs were released for the Amiga CD32

Commodore video game consoles

Amiga CD32


Sven Schipplock (born 8 November 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-forward for fourth tier side VfB Stuttgart II.

Career
After making a name for himself in the Regionalliga Süd with SSV Reutlingen he moved to VfB Stuttgart in 2008 where he initially played for the second team in the newly formed third division 3. Liga. He made his Bundesliga debut for the first team on 30 October 2010 in an away game against VfL Wolfsburg, where he came on as a substitute in the 80th minute.

On 22 January 2011, he debuted in the starting line-up against Borussia Dortmund at Signal Iduna Park.

His first Bundesliga goal came on 12 March 2011 in the crucial away game to FC St. Pauli where he scored the 88th-minute winner in a 2–1 victory that lifted his club out of the Bundesliga relegation zone. He had only been on the field for six minutes when he struck his goal, a well-taken shot from outside the box into the bottom corner.

On 9 May 2011, Bundesliga club TSG 1899 Hoffenheim announced it has signed Schipplock on a three-year contract.

On 17 August 2014, Schipplock scored five goals in round 1 of DFB-Pokal where 1899 Hoffenheim beat 9–0 USC Paloma to pass the round.

On 24 July 2015, it was announced that Schipplock had signed for Hamburger SV on a three-year contract for around £1.75 million.

On 17 August 2016, Schipplock joined Darmstadt 98 on a season-long loan.

In 2018, Schipplock signed for Arminia Bielefeld on a three-year deal.

References

External links

Living people
1988 births
People from Reutlingen
Footballers from Tübingen (region)
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
2. Bundesliga players
SSV Reutlingen 05 players
VfB Stuttgart players
VfB Stuttgart II players
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim players
Hamburger SV players
SV Darmstadt 98 players
Arminia Bielefeld players

Sven Schipplock


A cylinder is one of the most basic curved three dimensional geometric shapes, with the surface formed by the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, known as the axis of the cylinder. The shape can be thought of as a circular prism. Both the surface and the solid shape created inside can be called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a cylinder have been known since ancient times.

In differential geometry, a cylinder is defined more broadly as a ruled surface which is spanned by a one-parameter family of parallel lines. A cylinder whose cross section is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called an elliptic cylinder, parabolic cylinder, or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.

Common use
In common use a cylinder is taken to mean a finite section of a right circular cylinder, i.e., the cylinder with the generating lines perpendicular to the bases, with its ends closed to form two circular surfaces, as in the figure (right). If the cylinder has a radius  and length (height) h, then its volume is given by:

and its surface area is:
 the area of the top
 the area of the bottom
 the area of the side ().

Therefore, without the top or bottom (lateral area), the surface area is:
.

With the top and bottom, the surface area is:
.

For a given volume, the cylinder with the smallest surface area has . For a given surface area, the cylinder with the largest volume has , i.e. the cylinder fits in a cube (height = diameter).

Volume
Having a right circular cylinder with a height  units and a base of radius  units with the coordinate axes chosen so that the origin is at the center of one base and the height is measured along the positive x-axis. A plane section at a distance of  units from the origin has an area of  square units where

or

An element of volume, is a right cylinder of base area  square units and a thickness of  units. Thus if V cubic units is the volume of the right circular cylinder, by Riemann sums,

Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume can be calculated by integration over

Cylindric section
Cylindric sections are the intersections of cylinders with planes. For a right circular cylinder, there are four possibilities. A plane tangent to the cylinder, meets the cylinder in a single straight line. Moved while parallel to itself, the plane either does not intersect the cylinder or intersects it in two parallel lines. All other planes intersect the cylinder in an ellipse or, when they are perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, in a circle.

Other types of cylinders

An elliptic cylinder, or cylindroid, is a quadric surface, with the following equation in Cartesian coordinates:

This equation is for an elliptic cylinder, a generalization of the ordinary, circular cylinder (). Even more general is the generalized cylinder: the cross-section can be any curve.

The cylinder is a degenerate quadric because at least one of the coordinates (in this case ) does not appear in the equation.

An oblique cylinder has the top and bottom surfaces displaced from one another.

There are other more unusual types of cylinders. These are the imaginary elliptic cylinders:

the hyperbolic cylinder:

and the parabolic cylinder:

Other websites

 Surface area of a cylinder at MATHguide
 Volume of a cylinder at MATHguide
 Spinning Cylinder at Math Is Fun
 Volume of a cylinder Interactive animation at Math Open Reference
 Cut a Cylinder Interactive demonstrations of the intersection of a plane and a cylinder
 Cylinder Calculator 3D Specify only two cylinder values and all others are immediately calculated, plus interactive 3D visualization in fullscreen.

Three-dimensional shapes

Cylinder


Tom Chiarella (born 1961) is Hampton and Esther Boswell Distinguished University Professor of Creative Writing at DePauw University and writer-at-large and fiction editor of Esquire magazine.

Early life and education
Chiarella was born in Rochester, New York in 1961, and received a BA in Studio Art/Writing at St. Lawrence University, 1983, and an MFA in Fiction Writing from the University of Alabama in 1987.

Career
Chiarella has written on movies, television, sports, culture, masculinity, food and culinary arts, self-improvement, drug addiction, architecture and sexuality.   He's authored in-depth profiles and/or cover stories on actors Halle Berry, Charlize Theron, Daniel Craig, Ben Affleck, Ryan Gosling, Liam Neeson, Clive Owen, Brooklyn Decker, Carmen Electra, athletes (New England Patriots Quarterback) Tom Brady, (NBA player) Gilbert Arenas, (PGA Golfer) John Daly (for which he won a feature writing award from the Golf Writers Association of America), (retired NFL Lineman) Kyle Turley and media figures (Billy Bush).  Alongside the dozens of articles in Esquire since 1996, his magazine work appeared in The New Yorker, Golf Digest, Links, O: The Oprah Magazine,  The London Observer, Men's Style (Australia), Forbes.com,  Fashion (Canada), Washington Golf Monthly, Links, Travel & Leisure Golf, Indianapolis Monthly, Indy Men's Magazine, Hemispheres,  and has been syndicated internationally in 21 countries.  He periodically writes an on-line column for Esquire.com called "Advice About Women."    Twice a finalist for the National Magazine Award, he won in 2009 as part of an Esquire writing team for The Esquire Almanac of Steak, his contribution being a feature called "Butcher," the memoir of his stint as butcher for Kincaid's Meats in Indianapolis, IN.   Selected for Best American Magazine Writing twice (2004 & 2009), named by Sport Illustrated.com as the "best golf writer you never heard of," Chiarella's work has further been cited in Best American Essays, Best American Travel Writing and Best American Sports Writing.

In 2005, he held the post of as fiction editor of Esquire, publishing the works of Stephen King, Daniel Woodrell, Ralph Lombreglia, Chris Adrian, James Lee Burke, Gary Shytengart and others.   He returned to writing for the magazine full-time in 2009.

A periodic guest on radio talk shows around the world, Chiarella has made television appearances on "E: Hollywood True Story" and "The TV Guide 2011 Preview of the Oscars."   In 2008, he worked as a consultant for NBC on the development of a television show based on his life, tentatively titled "It's Tom, in Indiana" (not picked up for pilot).  In summer of 2011, he worked as a Consulting Producer in the development of the new Rosie O'Donnell show, returning to Esquire at the close of that summer.

Personal life
Chiarella lives in Greencastle, Indiana.

Bibliography

Books

Writing Dialogue (Paperback), F & W Publications, January 1996,
Thursday's Game (Paperback), Emmis Books, 2004.

Essays and reporting

Shia LaBeouf
In 2013 it was revealed that actor Shia LaBeouf had plagiarized Chiarella's 2009 article "What is a Man?" in a public apology to Alec Baldwin.

References

Living people
Writers from Rochester, New York
American textbook writers
American male writers
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American columnists
DePauw University faculty
Writers of books about writing fiction
St. Lawrence University alumni
People from Greencastle, Indiana
Journalists from New York (state)
Esquire (magazine) people
21st-century American non-fiction writers
1961 births

Tom Chiarella


Solitude is the third extended play (EP) by American singer Tori Kelly. It serves as her first release after three full-length studio albums. Kelly released "Time Flies" as the lead single on July 22, 2020. The EP was released on August 14, 2020.

Background

Kelly wrote and recorded most of the songs in isolation during the COVID-19 quarantine, in her home studio in California. Kelly stated that the process felt like going back to her roots when she created music from her bedroom as an unsigned artist.

Track listing

Charts

References

2020 EPs
Capitol Records EPs
Tori Kelly albums

Solitude (EP)


In computer science, a tree is a graph data structure composed of items that have child items. Trees have an item called a root. No item has the root as a child. Trees may not have cycles. Items may contain a reference to their parent. An item is a leaf if it has no children. The height of an item is the length of the longest downward path to a leaf from that item. The height of the root is the height of the tree. The depth of an item is the length of the path to the tree's root, tree roots can be infinite.

Example
 The item labeled 2 in green text is the root.
 The item labeled 4 is a leaf and its depth is 3.
 The height of the tree is 3.

List of tree data structures
 Binary tree
 Heap (data structure)
 Trie

Data structures

Tree (data structure)


In cryptography, RC4 (also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is one of the most common software stream ciphers. It is used in popular protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (to protect Internet traffic) and WEP (to secure wireless networks).

RC4 is known for being simple and quick, but attacks are likely to happen when the start of the output keystream is not removed, or one keystream is used twice; some ways of using RC4 can turn into very insecure cryptosystems such as WEP.

RC4 was created by Ron Rivest of RSA Security in 1987. While its official name is "Rivest Cipher 4", the RC abbreviation is also known to stand for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6).

RC4 was first created as a trade secret, but in September 1994 a description of it was posted to the Cypherpunks mailing list. It was soon posted on the sci.crypt newsgroup, and from there to many websites on the Internet.  The code was confirmed to be genuine(not fake) as its output matched that of proprietary software using licensed RC4.  Because the algorithm is known, it is no longer a trade secret. The name "RC4" is trademarked, however. RC4 is often referred to as "ARCFOUR" or "ARC4" (meaning Alleged RC4, because RSA has never officially released the algorithm), to avoid possible trademark problems. It has become part of some commonly used encryption protocols and standards, including WEP and WPA for wireless cards and TLS.

The two main reasons which helped its use over such a big range of applications are its speed and simplicity. Uses of RC4 in both software and hardware are extremely easy to develop.

The RC4 encryption algorithm is started with a different key length, usually between 40 and 256 bits, using the key-scheduling algorithm (KSA). Once this has been completed, the stream of encrypted bits is created using the pseudo-random generation algorithm (PRGA).

RC4 fails the standards set by cryptographers for a secure cipher in many ways, and is not recommended for use in new applications as there are a lot of methods of attacking RC4. Dropping the first kilobyte of data from the keystream can improve the security somewhat.

RC4-based cryptosystems
 WEP
 WPA
 BitTorrent protocol encryption
 Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
 Secure Sockets Layer (optionally)
 Secure Shell (optionally)
 Remote Desktop Client (RDC over RDP)
 Kerberos (optionally)
 SASL Mechanism Digest-MD5 (optionally)
 Gpcode.AK, an early June 2008 computer virus for Microsoft Windows, which takes documents hostage for ransom by obscuring them with RC4 and RSA-1024 encryption

Where a cryptosystem is marked with "(optionally)", RC4 is one of several ciphers the system can be set to use.

Related pages
 Advanced Encryption Standard
 Data Encryption Standard (DES)
 DES-X
 eSTREAM - An evaluation of new stream ciphers being conducted by the EU.
 TEA, Block TEA also known as eXtended TEA and Corrected Block TEA - A family of block ciphers that, like RC4, are designed to be very simple to implement.
 Triple DES (TDES)

References

Other websites
RC4
 IETF Draft - A Stream Cipher Encryption Algorithm "Arcfour"
 Original posting of RC4 algorithm to Cypherpunks mailing list
 SCAN's entry for RC4
 Attacks on RC4
 RC4 - Cryptology Pointers by Helger Lipmaa
 RSA Security Response to Weaknesses in Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4
  T-SQL implementation

RC4 in WEP
 (in)Security of the WEP algorithm
 Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir attack on WEP (postscript format)

Cryptography

RC4


Guides are people who lead people. This includes people of the real world (such as a person who helps travelers and tourists through a place). In figurative language it may mean person who leads someone to some goal such as to knowledge or wisdom.

Occupations

Guide


William M. Jennings (December 14, 1920 – August 17, 1981) was an executive in the National Hockey League.

Born in New York, New York, Jennings graduated from Princeton University and then earned a law degree from Yale Law School. He became a partner in a Manhattan law firm and through his capacity as counsel to Madison Square Garden, in 1962 he was named president of their main tenant, the New York Rangers. He was president of the Rangers until his death in 1981. During this time, the Rangers became Stanley Cup contenders. He was a key figure in the first ever expansion of the NHL in 1967 when it doubled in size from the original six teams. Jennings also helped initiate the Lester Patrick Trophy in 1966, which he would win in 1971.

The William M. Jennings Trophy was named in his honor. In 1975, he was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame and in 1981 to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.

In 1966, Jennings founded the New York Metropolitan Hockey Association, one of only a few outlets in the area at that time available for young hockey players. In 1967, Jennings founded the Westchester Classic golf tournament in Harrison, New York as a means to raise funds for charitable purposes in Westchester County.

See also
 List of members of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame

References

1920 births
1981 deaths
Businesspeople from New York City
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Lester Patrick Trophy recipients
National Hockey League executives
New York (state) lawyers
New York Rangers executives
Princeton University alumni
United States Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Yale Law School alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American lawyers

William M. Jennings