The István Cave (St. Stephen's Cave) is a limestone cave in Miskolc-Lillafüred, Northern Hungary.

The cave was formed in the Triassic period and is about 710 m long. It was discovered in 1913. According to local legend, a dog fell into a 15-metre deep shaft, which was the cave's only natural opening. People found the cave when they rescued the dog. Cavers began to explore the cave in 1927. Another entrance was made for the tourists, and in 1931 the cave was opened to the public.

During World War II, the cave was damaged, with many of the stalagmites and stalactites were broken by people seeking refuge from air raids. The lighting was repaired only in 1955, and the cave was opened to the public again.

The cave is still being explored, but only a part can be visited. Its deepest known area is named Hell. The most beautiful dripstone structures are the Mammut's Mouth, Fairyland, Column Hall and Concert Hall. Due to water filling the cave in 1958 and 1974, the inner caverns are presumably connected with water drains.

Because of the lighting, moss has appeared in the cave. This problem was solved by installing a different kind of lighting.

The air in the cave is very clear and has a high humidity. Patients with respiratory illnesses are treated here.

External links
 Photo gallery

Miskolc
Caves of Hungary
Limestone caves
Show caves in Hungary
Tourist attractions in Miskolc
Geography of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County

István Cave


Pierre Guéry (born 1965) is a French writer, poet and performer.

Life and work

Born in Marseille (France), he studied music, drama and modern dance and gained a doctorate in literature and phonetics.

These various strands merge together in his poetic work. He is a performance poet, for whom very different places can be stages for his reading. Illness, madness and mourning are the main subjects of his sound poetry. He uses his voice in many different ways in his performances, from whispering to screaming, from sounds that are not words to formal reciting.

Since 2006 he has been taking part in various poetic and artistic events in France, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Lebanon.

In 2009 he translated the Poems of Guantanamo into French, and he has translated some work of important beat poets and spoken word artists such as Anne Waldman and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, from the American.

Works

Audio Recordings

 Kit to be hacked, electronic poems, L'Ovni Tendre/Bourbaki, 2000
 Slackness, electronic poems 2, L'Ovni Tendre/Bourbaki, 2002
 Alien-Nation, Plaine Page, 2008

Books

Author

 Alien-Nation (poetry), Bookleg, Maelström, 2006
 Bascule (poetry), Bookleg, Maelström, 2006
 Erotographie (poetry), Biliki, 2007
 En quel pays étrange (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2009
 HP 1999 (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2009
 Week-end avec Hellènes- Error in fabula (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2010
 Poéstreet, des marches de poésie urbaine (poetry), Compact, Maelström, 2011
 La Rhétorique des culs (novel), Sens&Tonka/L'une&l'autre, 2011

Translator
 Fast Speaking Woman, Anne Waldman, Maelström, 2008
 Poems of Guantanamo- Poèmes de Guantanamo, Biliki, 2009
 Soldiering/ Soldatesque, Anne Waldman, Maelström, 2011

References

1965 births
Living people
French poets

Pierre Guéry


In heraldry and vexillology, a Spanish fess is a term occasionally used to describe the central horizontal stripe of a tricolour or triband flag that is twice the width of the stripes on either side of it.

The name is based on the most well-known example of this style of flag, the flag of Spain, and in analogy to the equivalent term for vertically striped flags, the Canadian pale.

Looser definition
As with the Canadian pale, a looser definition of Spanish fess also exists, in which the central stripe is considerably larger than, but not necessarily twice the width of the two outer stripes.

Other flags featuring a Spanish fess include the national flags of Lebanon, Cambodia, Laos and Tajikistan, the restored flag of Libya, the flag of French Polynesia, the flag of Prussia, and the proposed national flag of Cyprus. Had the flag of Israel lacked the top and bottom white bands, it too would have featured a Spanish fess.

Flag gallery

1:2:1 proportions

Other proportions

See also
 The flag of Colombia, with a ratio of 2:1:1, instead of 1:2:1
 The flag of Ecuador, with a ratio of 2:1:1, instead of 1:2:1
 The bisexual pride flag, with a ratio of 2:1:2, instead of 1:2:1
 The Canadian pale, with a vertical 1:2:1 ratio

Flags by design
Heraldic ordinaries

Spanish fess


Relevance is the idea that one topic may be useful to another topic: so consider the second topic when considering the first.

The concept of relevance is studied in many fields, including cognitive sciences, logic, and information science. It is studied in epistemology (the theory of knowledge).

Definition
"Something (A) is relevant to a task (T) if it makes it more likely that the goal (G) can be reached. Similarly, understanding one concept often means understanding other concepts beforehand. This is the main reason why educators work from a syllabus which guides the order in which topics should be taught.

Epistemology
If schizophrenia is caused by bad communication between mother and child, then family interaction studies become relevant. If it is inherited genetically, then the study of family trees becomes relevant. If you are an empiricist, then only carefully designed observations are relevant. If you are a feminist, then the sex of the observer becomes relevant.

Epistemology is not just one domain among others. Epistemological views are always at play in any domain. Those views determine or influence what is regarded relevant.

Relevance logic
Relevance is argued to depend upon the "remoteness relationship" between an actual world in which relevance is being evaluated and the set of possible worlds within which it is true.

Politics
During the 1960s, relevance became a fashionable buzzword, meaning roughly 'relevance to social concerns', such as racial equality, poverty, social justice, world hunger, world economic development, and so on. The implication was that some subjects, e.g., the study of medieval poetry and the practice of corporate law, were not worthwhile because they did not address pressing social issues.

The contrary view is that the social world is not our only concern. We can be (and are) concerned also about many other things. Also, real-world problems are problems because there is no obvious way to solve them. Increases in crop production in the 20th century were all fuelled by developments in basic science, not by social movements.

References

Further reading
 Gorayska B. & R. O. Lindsay (1993). The Roots of Relevance. Journal of Pragmatics 19, 301–323. Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society Press.
 Hjørland, Birger (2010). The foundation of the concept of relevance. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(2), 217-237.
 Lindsay, R. & Gorayska, B. (2002) Relevance, Goals and Cognitive Technology. International Journal of Cognitive Technology, 1, (2), 187–232
 Sperber, D. & D. Wilson (1986/1995) Relevance: Communication and Cognition. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.
 Sperber, D. & D. Wilson (1987). Précis of Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Behavioral and Brain Science, 10, 697–754.
 Sperber, D. & D. Wilson (2004). Relevance Theory. In Horn, L.R. & Ward, G. (eds.) 2004 The Handbook of Pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell, 607-632. http://www.dan.sperber.fr/?p=93

Logic

Relevance


The Fairfield Street School is a historic school building at 78 Fairfield Street in the city of St. Albans, Vermont.  Built in 1911, it served as a school until 1970, and is now converted into residential use.  It is a prominent local example of Colonial Revival architecture, designed by Burlington architect Frank Lyman Austin.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Description and history
The former Fairfield Street School building stands on the south side of Fairfield Street (Vermont Route 36) on the city's residential east side.  It is a large two-story brick building, with flat roof and concrete foundation.  It has a raised basement, separated from the main floors by a stone stringcourse.  The main facade is divided into three large bays defined by slightly recessed panels.  The outer bays have bands of five sash windows on each floor, while the center bay has windows in a 1-3-1 pattern on the second floor, and single windows flanking the recessed entrance on the raised ground floor.  The roof line has a modillioned and dentillated cornice, and is topped by a parapet that is gabled at the center.

The city of St. Albans experienced significant growth between 1874 and 1910, resulting in the construction of a number of elementary schools.  Crowding continued to be a problem, and this school was built in 1911 to address that issue.  It served the city as an elementary school until 1970, when the St. Albans Elementary School opened, consolidating all of the city's elementary school students into a single facility.  This building then served as a mental health services outpatient clinic, before its conversion to residential use in the 1990s.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Vermont

References

School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Vermont
Colonial Revival architecture in Vermont
School buildings completed in 1911
Buildings and structures in St. Albans (city), Vermont
1911 establishments in Vermont

Fairfield Street School


Félix de Avelar Brotero (25 November 1744 – 4 August 1828) was a Portuguese botanist and professor. He fled to France in 1788 to escape persecution by the Portuguese Inquisition, and there published his Compendio de Botanica in order to earn his living. It immediately established his reputation as a botanist, and upon his return to Portugal in 1790 he was given the chair of botany and agriculture at the University of Coimbra. His two best known works, Flora lusitanica, 1804, and Phytographia Lusitaniae selectior, 1816–1827, were the first lengthy descriptions of native Portuguese plants. As director of the botanical gardens at Coimbra (see Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra) and Ajuda (Lisbon), he reorganized and enlarged them.

List of selected publications

 Part 1
 Part 2

References

External links
Universidade de Coimbra. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. Departamento de Botânica

1744 births
1828 deaths
18th-century Portuguese botanists
19th-century Portuguese botanists
People from Loures
Academic staff of the University of Coimbra

Félix de Avelar Brotero


The common rock thrush (Monticola saxatilis), also known as rufous-tailed rock thrush or simply rock thrush, is a chat belonging to the family Muscicapidae. It was formerly placed in the family Turdidae. The scientific name is from  Latin. Monticola is from  mons, montis "mountain", and colere, "to dwell", and saxatilis means "rock-frequenting", from saxum, "stone" .

It breeds in southern Europe across  Central Asia to northern China. This species is strongly migratory, all populations wintering in Africa south of the Sahara. It is an uncommon visitor to northern Europe. Its range has contracted somewhat at the periphery in recent decades due to habitat destruction. For example, in the early 20th century it bred in the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska (Poland) where none occur today, but it is not considered globally endangered.

Description

This is a medium-sized but stocky thrush 17–20 cm in length. The summer male is unmistakable, with a blue-grey head, orange underparts and outer tail feathers, dark brown wings and white back. Females and immatures are much less striking, with dark brown scaly upperparts, and paler brown scaly underparts. The outer tail feathers are reddish, like the male.

Behaviour and ecology

This species breeds in open dry hilly areas, usually above 1500 m. It nests in rock cavities, laying 4–5 eggs. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of insects, berries and small reptiles. The male common rock thrush has a clear and tuneful song.

Gallery

References

External links

Oiseaux Photos, map, text.
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 1.2 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
Handbook of the Birds of the World
BirdGuides
Macaulay Library
Mangoverde; direct link here

common rock thrush
Birds of Eurasia
Birds of East Africa
common rock thrush
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Common rock thrush


In Japanese,  is a military unit and may be literally translated as squadron, "task force", "group" or "wing". The terms "regiment" and "flotilla", while sometimes used as translations of Sentai, are also used to refer to larger formations. Sentai television series are Live-action shows with young heros in spandex fighting monsters with their martial arts.

World War II
It is a term used during World War II by the military of the Empire of Japan. Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy  (IJN) Air Service sentai units were equivalent to a group or wing in other air forces. However, the term had slightly different meanings in the IJA and the IJN. The Japanese navy sentai were squadrons of four ships (battleships and cruisers). Japanese submarines were also grouped in sentai.

Power Rangers
The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers debuted on television in the US in 1993. They are based on Super Sentai shows from Japan. Here the term means "group fighters". It is a group of five color-coded fighters familiar to young Japanese viewers since the 1975 debut of Go Renjaa (five Rangers).

References

Military of Japan

Sentai


Sydney Rayner (September 12, 1895 – September 14, 1981) was an American operatic tenor.

Born in New Orleans, Rayner went to Milan in 1924 for vocal studies, which led to his debut in 1927, in Rome, as Rodolfo in La bohème.  He was often heard at the Opéra-Comique and the Berlin Staatsoper.

On May 23, 1936, the dramatic tenor made his Metropolitan Opera debut, as Don José in Carmen, opposite Bruna Castagna.  He appeared with that company through 1938, in Aïda (with Elisabeth Rethberg), Cavalleria rusticana (with Rosa Ponselle), Carmen again (opposite Ponselle), Les contes d'Hoffmann (conducted by Maurice Abravanel and directed by Herbert Graf), Manon (with Bidu Sayão in her Met debut, later with Grace Moore), Faust, and Pagliacci (opposite Robert Weede in his Met debut).

The tenor recorded for Decca and Sonabel.  In 1943, Rayner sang in La forza del destino, opposite Herva Nelli, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music.

Rayner died, aged 86, in East Patchogue, New York.

External links
 Sydney Rayner in an excerpt from Manon (audio only, 1937).

References

Metropolitan Opera (Performance archives on the MetOpera Database). Rayner, Sydney (Tenor).
The New York Times (September 15, 1981). "Sydney Rayner, 86; Tenor at Met Opera in the 30s, is Dead".

American operatic tenors
Singers from New Orleans
1895 births
1981 deaths
20th-century American male opera singers
American expatriates in Italy
Classical musicians from Louisiana

Sydney Rayner


The Whole Funk & Nothing But the Funk  is a 2005 compilation album by Funkadelic featuring songs recorded for Warner Bros. Records during the band's career with that label from 1976 to 1981. No Funkadelic recordings from any other record labels or time periods are included. The compilation includes two rarities: instrumental versions of "One Nation Under a Groove" and "The Electric Spanking of War Babies" that had originally appeared as B-sides.

In 2011, the compilation was re-released as You Got The Funk We Got The Funk.

Track listing
Disc One
"One Nation Under a Groove" (Clinton, Shider, Morrison)
"Cholly (Funk Gettin' Ready To Roll)" (William Collins, Morrison, George Clinton)
"Smokey" (George Clinton, Gary Shider)
"Comin' Round The Mountain" (George Clinton, Cook)
"(Not Just) Knee Deep, Pt. 1" (George Clinton Jr.)
"You Scared The Lovin' Outta Me" (George Clinton, Goins)
"Cosmic Slop (Live)" (George Clinton, Bernie Worrell)
"Brettino's Bounce" (Fratangelo)
"Into You" (George Clinton, Bernie Collins, Morrison)
"Maggot Brain (Live)" (Eddie Hazel, George Clinton)
"Holly Wants To Go To California" (George Clinton, Bernie Worrell)

Disc Two
"The Electric Spanking Of War Babies" (Clinton, Bishop, Morrison)
"If You Got Funk, You Got Style" (Clinton, Collins, Worrell)
"Freak Of The Week" (Clinton, Bishop, McKnight)
"Funk Gets Stronger (Killer Millimeter Longer Version)" (Stewart, Clinton)
"Soul Mate" (Clinton, Cook)
"Who Says A Funk Band Can't Play Rock?!" (Clinton, Morrison, Hampton)
"Oh, I" (Curtis, Shider, Clinton)
"Electro-Cuties" (Ford, Ali, Clinton)
"Promentalshitbackwashpsychosis Enema Squad (The Doodoo Chasers)" (Clinton, Shider, Brown)
"One Nation Under a Groove [Instrumental Version]" (Clinton, Shider, Morrison)
"The Electric Spanking Of War Babies [Instrumental Version]" (Clinton, Bishop, Morrison)

External links
The Motherpage

References

2005 greatest hits albums
Funkadelic albums

The Whole Funk & Nothing but the Funk: Definitive Funkadelic 1976–1981


Fran Zwitter (24 October 1905 – 14 April 1988) was a Slovenian historian. Together with Milko Kos, Bogo Grafenauer, and Vasilij Melik, he is considered the co-founder of the Ljubljana School of Historiography.

Life and work

He was born in the village of Bela Cerkev near Novo Mesto in what was then the Duchy of Carniola, Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the son of Martin (a. k. a. Davorin) Zwitter, a Carinthian Slovene judge. After his death in 1918, the family decided to stay in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (the Carinthian Plebiscite assigned their native region to the Republic of Austria). After finishing grammar school in Novo Mesto, he enrolled at the University of Ljubljana, where he studied history and geography. Between 1926 and 1928, he studied also at the University of Vienna. Between 1930 and 1932, he studied in Paris under the supervision of Albert Mathiez. Between 1932 and 1938, he taught at the Ljubljana Classical Lyceum. In 1938, he became professor at the University of Ljubljana.

In the 1930s, he was active in public life, publishing critical articles in left liberal journals, such as Sodobnost and Ljubljanski zvon. Soon after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he joined the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. In May of the same year, he was arrested by the Italian occupation authorities of the Province of Ljubljana, but released soon afterwards. In March 1942, he was arrested again and sent to the internment camp in Aprica, on the Italian-Swiss border. After the Italian armistice, he found his way back to Slovenia, where he joined the partisan resistance. Between January 1944 and March 1945, he organized and led the Scientific Institute of the Executive Council of the Liberation Front, a unique institution in the Nazi-occupied Europe. The institute mainly prepared documentation on border issues and prepared expertises for the Yugoslav territorial claims against Italy in the Julian March and against Austria in Carinthia. In 1945, he moved to the Yugoslav capital Belgrade, where he worked as an expert on north-western border issues at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

After 1948, he moved back to Ljubljana, where he taught at the Department of History of the University of Ljubljana. Between 1952 and 1954, he served as rector of the University. In 1953, he became a member of the Slovenian and later also of the Yugoslav (1961) and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (1970). Between 1975 and 1978, he served as president of the publishing house Slovenska matica.

Zwitter's initial expertise was the social history of medieval towns, but under the influence of his supervisor Albert Mathiez, he switched to modern history. Under the influence of the French Annales school, he introduced several methodological innovation in the study of the demographic history of the Slovene Lands. After World War II, he turned to the study of nationality issues in the Habsburg Empire.

He died in Ljubljana in 1988, and was buried in the cemetery in Bela Cerkev.

His son Matjaž Zwitter is a physician, his other son, Tomaž Zwitter is an astronomer, and his daughter, Anja Dular is a historian, librarian and social anthropologist.

Major works
Starejša kranjska mesta in meščanstvo ("The Burgers in the Older Carniolan Towns"). Ljubljana, 1929;
Les origines de l'illyrisme politique et la création des Provinces illyriennes ("The Origins of Political Illyrism and the Creation of the Illyrian Provinces). Dijon, 1933;
Les problemes nationaux dans la monarchie des Habsbourg ("National Questions in the Habsburg Monarchy"), co-authored with Jaroslav Šidak and Vaso Bogdanov. Belgrade, 1960;
Die Kärntner Frage ("The Carinthian Question"). Klagenfurt, 1979;
O slovenskem narodnem vprašanju ("On the Slovene national question"). Selected articles edited by Vasilij Melik, Ljubljana, 1990.

Further reading
Peter Štih, ed, Zwittrov zbornik (Ljubljana: Zbirka Zgodovinskega časopisa, 2006).

References
Short biography

University of Ljubljana alumni
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
20th-century Slovenian historians
Social historians
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
People from the City Municipality of Novo Mesto
People of Carinthian Slovene descent
Yugoslav Partisans members
Slovenian atheists
1905 births
1988 deaths

Fran Zwitter


Sampi or Disigma is a mysterious Greek symbol. Its meaning is still debated today. Some believe it to be a replacement of 'san'. Before that, it was a letter that was used in the Greek alphabet in a few Greek cities in the 5th century BC. At that time, it looked like  or . It was probably pronounced like "ts" or "tch" in the dialect of those cities. Over time, it was changed from  to  or  and at last to . Eventually, the letter came out of use, while it was still used to denote "900" in the system of Greek numerals.

Greek alphabet

Sampi


Megaupload was a website that allowed people to upload and download files.  It had several sister websites including Megavideo, Megapix, Megalive and others. It is based in Hong Kong.

It allowed users who do not have an account to upload and download files up to 1 GB. People with free accounts got 200 GB of space. People with paid accounts had unlimited space. After uploading a file, a URL can be used to access and download it.

It would stay there for
 Users without accounts - 21 days.
 Free accounts - 90 days
 Paid accounts - forever
The website was supported by advertising.  It gave incentives to people who uploaded the files that were downloaded the most. The website displayed advertising as users downloaded the files.

Visitors
 Unique visitors per days: 50 million
 Page Views per month: 1 billion
 Registered users : 150 million
 Depth view: 26
 Reach: 2.2%

Legal case

On 19 January 2012 the United States Department of Justice seized and shut down the file hosting site Megaupload.com and commenced criminal cases against its owners and others. Worldwide, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested Kim Schmitz (Founder), Finn Batato (CMO), Mathias Ortmann (CTO and co-founder), with Bram van der Kolk arrested by the Organised and Financial Crime Agency of New Zealand.  Their bail request was denied in New Zealand court as it was opposed by US authorities on the case. On January 20 Hong Kong Customs froze more than HK$300 million (US$39 million) in assets belonging to the company.

The case drew particular public attention because the arrests were on the day after a large protest of proposed legislation to expand United States legal authority against foreign piracy websites. Shortly afterward, the Department of Justice's website and a number of other organisations' websites were taken offline following concerted denial of service attacks from activist group Anonymous.

A group spokesperson described the attacks as "the single largest Internet attack in [the group's] history" in an interview, adding that it was "a terrible case of happenstance that federal agents went after Megaupload only hours after the thousands of sites protesting in an anti-SOPA blackout went back online. Web surfers were by-and-far ready to defend an open Internet ... the feds 'could not have chosen a worse time to take down Megaupload'."  He noted that from commencement until the point the government's web servers were offline was a mere 70 minutes.

Besides the Department of Justice's justice.gov, the Denial of Service attack included Universal Music Group, Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), and the website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Even without SOPA having been passed yet, the federal government always had tremendous power to do some of the things that they want to do. So if this is what can occur without SOPA being passed, imagine what can occur after SOPA is passed," Brown told RT. Anonymous also attacked the website of France's anti-piracy organisation.

On 19 January 2012 Anonymous released a statement on Pastebin.com accepting responsibility of the mass attacks on websites including those of RIAA, MPAA, BMI, FBI and others.

References

Other websites
Official website

Websites established in 2005

Megaupload


The Woman of Knockaloe: A Parable is a melodramatic novel by Hall Caine first published in 1923. Set on the Isle of Man during the First World War, a young woman finds herself drawn to one of the nearby German internees. They begin a romance in the face of the fierce hostility of the local community which eventually drives them to commit suicide. The story has been described as a "minor masterpiece".

Background
Hall Caine was 61 when World War I broke out in 1914. Vehemently in favour of the conflict, he put aside fiction writing to dedicate himself to writing in support of the war effort. His work included articles for the English, American and Italian press, as well as King Albert's Book and The Drama of 365 Days: Scenes in the Great War. However, as the war came to an end, Caine grew disillusioned by both the conflict and the peace that came of the Treaty of Versailles. The Woman of Knockaloe was a result of Caine's sense of responsibility for his earlier encouragement of the war, as he wrote to George Bernard Shaw with an advanced copy of the book:

Rightly or wrongly I did my best for the war, and now, as you see, I am trying… to do my best for the peace.

In December 1922 Caine had a dream which included the central parts of the narrative for the novel, concerning the Knockaloe internment camp that had existed for five years during the war not far from Caine's home at Greeba Castle. He wrote the novel based on the dream in the months that followed. However, he did not plan to publish it, claiming that he had written it "solely for the relief of his own feelings at the thought of the present lamentable condition of the world." However, Newman Flower, a partner of Cassell and Co., came across the manuscript when visiting Caine's home in the spring of 1923 and convinced Caine that it should be published.

Plot

Mona Craine and her brother react with nationalist pride when World War I is announced. In contrast, their father, Robert Craine, a tenant farmer at Knockaloe Farm, is concerned and dismayed at the bad that he fears will come of it.

Mona and her father's lives are disrupted first by her brother being called up to fight in France, and then by the authorities agreeing with the owner of the farm to set up an internment camp for enemy aliens there at Knockaloe. Mona consents to live there still and supply food for "those Germans whose brothers are killing our boys in France", greatly against her wish and only for the sake of her ageing father.

The erection of the camp's huts, concrete and wire on their fields only hardens her heart against the Germans. This is further entrenched when the internees begin to arrive, first the aloof privileged rich, followed by the rowdy sailors etc. When news of her brother's death at the front arrives, her father has a seizure and becomes bed-bound. Mona's hatred of the German's now reaches a new pitch:

She hears of frequent rioting, rigorously put down, and then of an attempt at insurrection in the messroom of the First Compound, and of four prisoners being shot down by the guard. Serve them right! She has no pity.

However, her hard and unforgiving attitude towards the Germans begins to lessen when she meets the polite and well-spoken Oskar Heine. As she begins to fall in love with him, her virulent hatred of the Germans begins to break down as she increasingly comes to empathise with their plight and understand their common humanity. In contrast, her father has grown almost deranged in his spiritually-infused railing at the German "sons of hell". This comes to a head on Christmas Eve 1917 when Oskar receives news that his young sister has been killed by an allied bomb as she slept in her home in Mannheim. After he confides in Mona they embrace, only to be caught by her father who has pulled himself from his bed. Outraged, Mona's father rails at her as a "Harlot! Strumpet!" before passing out with a seizure from which he dies some days later.

The local community come to know of the relationship between Mona and Oskar, and the couple then face increasing hostility. As the war draws to a close, their hope of a future together is dashed in stages: the landlord of the farm refuses to extend the lease to Mona; Oskar is required to return to Germany despite having lived in Liverpool prior to the war; Oskar's mother refuses to accept Mona into her home in Germany; and their passage to America is blocked when Mona fails to raise the required money due to collusion in the auctioning off of the farm's livestock.

Realising that there is no future for them together in a world so divided by war, Mona and Oskar commit suicide together by leaping to their deaths from the cliffs overlooking the sea.

Publishing and reception

Having followed the plot given to him of a dream in December 1922, Caine only then realised that it contained some "coincides of fact". Being already at that time unpopular on the Isle of Man, he did not want to further displease the local community and so he initially did not plan to publish the novel. However, when his publisher discovered and read the manuscript in the spring of 1923, Caine eventually consented and the book was published in the summer of 1923.

The novel gained considerable popular success, selling over 500,000 copies and being translated into numerous languages. In one of Caine's obituaries in 1931, the book was identified with being "the first of the war stories", coming as it did some years before All Quiet on the Western Front.

The book was well received in some circles, where Caine was seen as a writer of unquestionable global importance. Such a view of Caine was shown in the blurb on the dust jacket which unflinchingly compared Barbed Wire with William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet  and Émile Zola's  The Attack on the Mill. George Bernard Shaw wrote of his enjoying the novel:

It was not until 5.10 yesterday that my wife put Barbed Wire (The Woman of Knockaloe) into my hands. She was astonished when, at 7 sharp, I shut it and said "Finished!" It is a great public service. Literature has spoken.

However, the book was not very well received by the majority of critics. Typical was one that questioned Caine's by-this-time old fashioned narrative style, calling it "a strain upon the reader's credulity". This review concluded with the dismissive observation of the book that: "we are inclined to take the author's own statement, that it was all a bad dream which he had one night and wrote out in the morning".

The novel was poorly received by the public on the Isle of Man. Despite Cassell having included a disclaimer that "nothing in the book is intended to refer to real-life persons in the Isle of Man or elsewhere", a "storm of abuse" was heaped on Caine for "daring to suggest, even in fiction, that a Manx girl could have fallen in love with a German prisoner of war".

Upon a film adaptation being released in 1927, the novel was re-published by The Readers Library Publishing Company Ltd. (London) under the title, Barbed Wire, to coincide with the film. Caine wrote a foreword for this edition, writing that:

I have thought that its publication through the wide-reading medium of the Readers Library, at a critical moment in the life of the League of Nations, might touch the heart of the public and perhaps do the world some good.

This 1927 edition of  Barbed Wire was one of the cheapest Hall Caine novels ever published, costing a sixpence at the time. It also had an attractive dust jacket (uncommon for such cheap hardback books) which was reminiscent of the film. Although mass-produced, few copies with a dust jacket in good condition have survived, which has made it a collector's item on both sides of the Atlantic.

Today this novel is largely forgotten, as are the rest of his works, despite being highly regarded best-sellers at the time. His modern biographer has observed that this novel was "a coda to Caine's oeuvre. It is quite different to the novels that went before and is also shorter", being written, as it was, in a state of disillusionment at the direction that the world was taking. It proved to be his last book published during his lifetime.

Adaptations

The book was the basis for the 1927 American film Barbed Wire directed by Rowland V. Lee and starring Pola Negri and Clive Brook. The novel's Manx setting was changed to Normandy, France, and some plot alterations were made including the insertion of a happy ending.

Despite the central message of the book, the British audience reacted with an upsurge of anti-German sentiment. Incensed by this, Caine wrote to The Sunday Times objecting to the "monstrous" and "malicious" misrepresentation by "certain sections of the press", which described the plot as "pro-German".

Quotations
 "if you and I had met in the trenches I suppose you would have tried to kill me for the sake of Motherland, and I should have tried to kill you for the sake of Fatherland, yet here you are trying to save me for the sake of... Brotherland."
 "People thought when the peace came they could go to sleep and forget. What fools! Think of it! Miserable old men spouting about a table, gambling in the fate of the young and the unborn; forgetting their loss in precious human lives, but wrangling about their reparations, about land, about money, which the little mother rocking her baby's cradle will have to pay the interest of in blood and tears some day; setting nation against nation; brewing a cauldron of hate which is hardening the hearts and poisoning the souls of men and women all the world over."

Trivia
 Knockaloe Detention Camp opened on 17 November 1914 and was in operation until 1919, holding up to 26,000 internees, of German, Austrian, Turkish and Serbian nationality.
 The shooting of four internees by camp guards mentioned in Chapter Three in fact took place at the other internment camp on the Island, in the former Cunningham's Holiday Camp in Douglas, where six internees were shot dead.
 That Oskar ties Mona to him with his belt before they leap from the cliffs at the conclusion of the novel is reminiscent of The Deemster, where Dan ties Ewan to himself before they commence the knife fight ending in Ewan falling to his death from the cliffs.

References

Bibliography

External links
 The Woman of Knockaloe by Hall Caine, 1923 first edition, available from www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook.

1923 British novels
British novels adapted into films
Novels by Hall Caine
Novels set in the 1910s
Novels set in the Isle of Man
Novels set during World War I
Cassell (publisher) books
Suicides in the Isle of Man

The Woman of Knockaloe


Carol Antonia Roberts (born June 22, 1936) is a Florida politician of the Democratic Party.  She is best known for her part in the 2000 Florida election recount, where she served on the Palm Beach County canvassing board.

In 2002, she ran unsuccessfully for Florida's 22nd congressional district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives against Republican incumbent E. Clay Shaw, Jr., finishing with 38 percent of the vote.

She previously served as mayor and city commissioner of West Palm Beach, and as a county commissioner of Palm Beach County, Florida.

She was married to Dr. Hyman J. Roberts, by whom she has six children. For two years (1986–88) she was National President of ACTS, a private foundation assisting communities to Self Help. She served as ACTS' representative for famine relief in East Africa.

Carol and Hyman Roberts have been benefactors to several universities, museums, art galleries and charities. She has volunteered her time on the board of directors for numerous non-profit, educational and civil rights organizations.

References

External links
News photos of Carol Roberts during the 2000 Presidential Recount
Associated Press Biography from 2002 election
Biography (1997) from National Association of Counties

1936 births
Living people
Mayors of West Palm Beach, Florida
Activists from Florida
American philanthropists
County commissioners in Florida
People from Palm Beach, Florida
Florida Democrats
Florida city council members
Women in Florida politics
Women city councillors in Florida
21st-century American women

Carol Roberts (politician)


The Intolerable Acts are laws passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1774.

The British Parliament passed these laws to punish the Massachusetts colony for the Boston Tea Party.
 One of the laws closed Boston Harbor until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea.
 The Quartering Act allowed Britain to house troops wherever it wanted.  This one was for all the colonies, not just Massachusetts.
 The Administration of Justice Act allowed the trials of accused royal officials to take place in Great Britain if the Governor decided that the defendant could not get a fair trial in Massachusetts.
 The Quebec Act gave the Ohio country to Canada.

These laws were so harsh that the colonists called them the Intolerable Acts.

Other colonies offered Massachusetts their support. They sent supplies to Boston. The Committees of Correspondence also called for a meeting of all colonies. This meeting would decide what to do about their problems with Britain, which led to the Continental Congress.

Other websites

Text of the Quartering Act
Text of the Quebec Act
1774
Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain
1770s in the United States
1770s in Great Britain

Intolerable Acts


Craig Kowalski (born January 15, 1981) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who most recently played for the Nottingham Panthers of the EIHL.

Playing career
Kowalski's Pro career begun on June 25, 2000, when he was selected by the Carolina Hurricanes in 2000 NHL Entry Draft. He was chosen in the eighth round by the Carolina Hurricanes as their seventh overall pick and 235th overall. More than four years after being drafted, on August 6, 2004, Kowalski signed a multi-year contract with the Hurricanes. He was spare Goaltenders of Carolina during the playoffs. Carolina gave him a Stanley Cup ring. Since he did not play for the Hurricanes, his name could not be included on the Stanley Cup. In 2007, Kowalski was released from a Player Try Out Contract with the Syracuse Crunch of the American Hockey League, and subsequently signed with the Gwinnett Gladiators of the ECHL. During the 2007–2008 ECHL Season, he was named to the All-Star Team, and was chosen as the American Conference's starting Goaltender. Prior to the 2008–2009 ECHL Season, Kowalski was traded to the Phoenix RoadRunners of the ECHL, for Bryan Esner and signed on July 22, 2009 a contract with HC Valpellice. On December 3, 2009 he scored an empty net goal against Sportivi Ghiaccio Pontebba.

On July 8, 2010 Kowalski was revealed as the new starting netminder for Nottingham Panthers in Great Britain's Elite Ice Hockey League. It was to be a historic season, as the Panthers won the challenge cup and playoffs.

On March 28, 2011 it was announced that Kowalski had agreed to return to Nottingham and defend the double for a second season with the Nottingham Panthers in the 2011/12 Elite League campaign where he went on to lead Panthers to winning the Challenge Cup and the Playoffs once again. Kowalski was also selected as part of the EIHL Select who were to play against the NHL's Boston Bruins as well as being selected for the EIHL Second All Star Team with an overall Save Percentage of .923 in 60 games. Kowalski was to play for Nottingham for a further 3 seasons, where he went on to win a further 4 trophies including the long sought after, League Title (12/13).He scored another goal in a pre-season friendly against HC Asiago. Throughout the 2013–14 and 2014–2015 season, Kowalski was plagued with various injuries which saw him sit out most of both seasons. On March 14, 2015 Kowalski broke his collarbone after an accidental collision between him and Former-NHl'er Kevin Westgarth who was playing with the Belfast Giants during the 2014–2015 Season. Kowalski was ruled out for the rest of the season due to this injury. On May 21, 2015 Nottingham Panthers announced that Kowalski wouldn't be returning for the 2015–16 Season, ending a superb 5-year stint with the club. Kowalski has gone down in the history of the Panthers to be one of the best Goaltenders they've ever had.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
American expatriate ice hockey players in Italy
American expatriate ice hockey players in England
American men's ice hockey goaltenders
Carolina Hurricanes draft picks
Compuware Ambassadors players
Florida Everblades players
Gwinnett Gladiators players
Ice hockey players from Michigan
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Northern Michigan Wildcats men's ice hockey players
Nottingham Panthers players
Sportspeople from Warren, Michigan
Phoenix RoadRunners players
Stanley Cup champions
Syracuse Crunch players
HC Valpellice players

Craig Kowalski


Homeobox protein Hox-C10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC10 gene.

Function

This gene belongs to the homeobox family of genes. The homeobox genes encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene is one of several homeobox HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. The protein level is controlled during cell differentiation and proliferation, which may indicate this protein has a role in origin activation.

Pathology

 HOXC10 is overexpressed in breast cancer and transcriptionally regulated by estrogen via involvement of histone methylases MLL3 and MLL4.
 Methylation of the estrogen-repressed gene HOXC10 in breast cancer determines resistance to aromatase inhibitors. This epigenetic reprogramming of HOXC10 is observed in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.

References

Further reading

External links

Transcription factors

HOXC10


In the 2008-09 Premier League, the winners Manchester United, went 22 hours of football without giving up a league goal. They demoted Newcastle, Middlesborough and West Brom in descending order. The Premier League's top scorer in the 2008-09 season was Nicolas Anelka. He only scored 19 goals. It was the second lowest amount ever. Liverpool only lost two matches in the Premier League that season. If it wasn't for the Red Devil's total of 90 points, Liverpool might have won. Liverpool had a total of 86 points. It has since been matched by Tottenham and beaten by Manchester City twice. This was the first season that the Abu Dhabi United Group had bought Manchester City and so arrived Vincent Kompany, Pablo Zabaleta and Robinho.

English football clubs
2008 in sports
2009 in sports

2008–09 Premier League


The Jaú National Park ('Parque Nacional do Jaú') is in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in the Amazonas state of Brazil.

It is the largest forest reserve in South America, covering an area over 6 million acres (23,000 km²). Entry into the park is restricted; express permission from the Brazilian government is required to enter the reserve.

The park is a good example of tropical rainforest conservation in the Amazon. Its  forests, lakes and channels are a "constantly evolving aquatic mosaic that is home to the largest array of electric fish in the world". The site protects key threatened species, including giant arapaima fish, the Amazonian manatee, the black caiman and two species of river dolphin and the jaguar. There are many other species of animals and plants.

More information
The park is in the lower reaches of the Rio Negro branch of the Amazon. This branch is black with the organic matter picked up by the river. It has white-sand beaches during the dry season and flooded forest during the wet season. The streams turn into a 'ria' lake in the wet season, flooding huge areas of land, typical of all large rivers in the Amazon region. The site contains the nine-tier waterfall of the Carabinani River.

The Rio Negro flows through the eastern edge of Brazil's Jau National Park. The river is the big strip of blue running from left to right across the image, and the other blue ribbons are tributaries. It starts at the border of Venezuela and Brazil, and meets up with the Amazon in central Brazil. Half-submerged islands can be seen in the center of the river. Between November and April when the river is at its peak, many of these islands disappear.

There is a high diversity of vertebrates in the park, with 120 species of mammals, 411 birds, 15 reptiles and 320 fishes. The site is home to relics of past human occupation of the Amazon region.

References

Other websites
 NASA Earth Explorer page
 Satellite photo (Google)

National parks in South America
World Heritage Sites in South America
Geography of Brazil
Amazonas (Brazil)

Jaú National Park


The Salt Lake Masonic Temple is the Masonic headquarters for Utah, and is Salt Lake City's best example of Egyptian Revival architecture. It was completed in 1927, and is located in the South Temple Historic District of Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

General information

The Salt Lake Masonic Temple consists of several Lodge rooms, greater and lesser Halls, numerous lounges, a banquet hall, an auditorium, a library and administrative offices.  The Temple is currently home to the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Utah; five Salt Lake City Masonic Lodges (Wasatch Lodge No. 1, Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 2, Argenta Lodge No. 3, Salt Lake Lodge No. 17, and Progress Lodge No. 22); The Orient of Utah of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry; the Grand York Rite Bodies of Utah and constituent Salt Lake York Rite Bodies (Utah Chapter No. 1, Royal Arch Masons of Utah; Utah Council No. 1, Cryptic Masons of Utah; Utah Commandery No. 1, Knights Templar of Utah); El Kalah Shrine; as well as the Grand Bodies for the ladies and youth organizations.

The building remains in continual use since it opened in 1927 and is maintained and operated by the Salt Lake Masonic Temple Association.

Usage
The primary function of the building is the performance of the various rituals of the several Masonic organizations in Salt Lake City, and to provide a convenient location for administrative functions of the Utah Masonic family. The building is available for use to non-Masonic entities and persons.

History

The decision to build the Salt Lake Masonic Temple took shape in the fall of 1920 as the Masonic population in Salt Lake City had outgrown the existing Temple then located at the intersection of 2nd East and 1st South. The architect and Building Committee traveled to other cities reviewing existing Masonic Temples for favorable and unfavorable elements. Ultimately the committee resolved that the Salt Lake Masonic Temple be unique and not copied from existing Temples. By 1925 the plans had been completed, the land was purchased, and the interior furnishings arranged.

Much of the discussion preserved from the planning meetings centers on the amount of Masonic symbolism built into the Temple, and how it should be concealed, if at all.

Features

The Salt Lake Masonic Temple has been considered Salt Lake's best example of Egyptian Revival architecture. The Egyptian motif was chosen for several reasons:

 The Egyptian style was the height of fashion at the time.
 Existing Temples largely followed elements of the classical orders of architecture, so the Egyptian motif would ensure a unique Masonic experience.
 It provided ample opportunity to incorporate Masonic symbols without disclosing their presences or disrupting the visual harmony of the edifice.

The exterior of the Temple is composed of "Temple Brick", a brick face specifically designed for the Salt Lake Masonic Temple, that subsequently became a popular decorative architectural element.

Light is perhaps the most significant symbol of Freemasonry, and the architect incorporated many Egyptian references to Light into the design of the Temple. Allusions to the Egyptian god Horus (then considered by Egyptologists to be a god of Light) occupy much of the building, including the cornice at the main entrance. There are three entrances to the Temple, alluding to the three Lights of a Masonic Lodge. The main entrance from the north of the building; as north is deemed a place of darkness in Masonic ritual, hence those coming through the front door are traveling toward light.

The funerary ramp located west of the main entrance is surmounted by a scarab, the Egyptian symbol of resurrection and immortality, and together with the seven acacia flanking the ramp allude to Masonic belief in a Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul.

The main entrance is approached by a staircase of three flights respectively consisting of three, five, seven and nine steps. The staircase is flanked by two sphinxes. Each sphinx holds a single sphere, one celestial, one terrestrial, and each is arranged to contemplate its sphere.

See also

 National Register of Historic Places listings in Salt Lake City

References

 Scott, Carl W. Architect's Comments.
 Utah Heritage Foundation. Welcome to historic South Temple Street

External links

 Official website
 Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Utah
 Virtual Tour, photos, and more
 Utah Heritage Foundation: Walking Tours
 El Kalah Shriners
 Grand Orient of the Scottish Rite of Utah
 Grand York Rite Bodies of Utah
 Constituent Salt Lake York Rite Bodies
 Utah Order of DeMolay
 Job's Daughters of Utah
  GpsmCity Salt Lake Walking Tours
 Google Maps

Masonic buildings completed in 1927
Buildings and structures in Salt Lake City
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Masonic buildings in Utah
Tourist attractions in Salt Lake City
National Register of Historic Places in Salt Lake City
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Utah

Salt Lake Masonic Temple


Wizards & Warriors III: Kuros - Visions of Power is a platforming and adventure video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). It was developed by UK-based company Zippo Games for Rare; it was published by Acclaim Entertainment and released in North America in March 1992 and in Europe on January 21, 1993. It is the third and final installment in the Wizards & Warriors series and is the sequel to the 1989 title Ironsword: Wizards & Warriors II; it also follows the 1990 Game Boy release Wizards & Warriors X: The Fortress of Fear.

The game picks up immediately from the events at the end of Ironsword where the knight warrior Kuros had just defeated the evil wizard Malkil from the peak of IceFire Mountain. Unaware that Malkil's spirit is still intact, Kuros gets struck by a bolt of magic from the spirit, causing him to lose his armor, memory, and honor. Malkil then flees to the city of Piedup and seizes the throne from Good King James. Meanwhile, Kuros, after wandering for months in the wilderness without weapons, armor, or food, arrives at the city of Piedup, where he must build strength and utilize various disguises and abilities in order to take on Malkil. The game is nonlinear and requires players to explore various areas to pick up items and gain abilities to unlock different parts of the city in order to progress.

Wizards & Warriors III was developed by Zippo Games' founders Ste and John Pickford, who also had a few additional programmers and artists to assist them. The Pickford brothers designed the game as a homage to Ultimate Play the Game's (Rare's former incarnation) 1983 ZX Spectrum title Atic Atac; they also drew inspiration for gameplay and art from other NES titles such as Metroid, Faxanadu, and Super Mario Bros. 3. The game had moderate sales, though not as good as its predecessor Ironsword. It was praised for its bold graphics, expansive gameplay, and challenge. However, it was mostly criticized for its controls, lack of fighting, and the lack of continues or passwords. While the game received mixed reviews, Ste Pickford said that this game was his personal favorite. Zippo Games, which was acquired by Rare and was known as Rare Manchester during development, shut down shortly before this game's completion, and while the game hinted at another sequel, it has never occurred.

Gameplay

Wizards & Warriors III is a platforming video game which features open-ended gameplay elements similar to games such as Metroid and Faxanadu. Players control the main character Kuros as he sets out to defeat Malkil and free the town of Piedup. The game features three separate realms in which the player must explore - the town, the underworld, and the palace; players can freely navigate from one realm to another. Throughout the game, players find money which can be used to buy items from inns located throughout Piedup; players can buy keys for unlocking doors, food and drink for restoring health, and information from shopkeepers. Players begin the game with three lives, and the game ends when all lives have been lost; unlike the previous Wizards & Warriors games, there is no password or continue feature.

Kuros' first objective is to gain new disguises, powers, and abilities from the three main character classes: knight, thief, and wizard. In order to do that, Kuros must first collect bronze, silver, and gold statues of each character class and return each statue to its corresponding "guild". Upon returning a statue to a guild, Kuros must pass a test - in the form of a horizontal or vertical-scrolling level with a boss to defeat at the end - from the person who runs the guild. After defeating the boss, Kuros is then outfitted with a new attire and ability. Each character class has three levels, and each corresponds to a specific statue which must be returned to a specific guild. For example, if Kuros find the bronze thief statue, he must return it to the first level of the thief's guild; if Kuros passes the test, he then receives the disguise and ability of a "level one thief". At the levels of the guild increase, the more difficult the tests become. Each new ability allows players to access new areas which would normally be unreachable with other character classes and abilities. New abilities include improved weaponry for the knight, greater magic for the wizard, and increased access to buildings through doors and windows for the thief.

Another objective to finding and defeating Malkil in Wizards & Warriors III is to find four secret gems which will unlock the hidden passage through the town of Piedup to the castle's throne room where the evil wizard is located. To do this, Kuros must rescue King James' three princesses who are hidden somewhere in Piedup; each of them will grant Kuros a gem and agree to marry him when rescued. The final gem is obtained by defeating a dragon in the town's underworld.

Plot
Wizards & Warriors III: Kuros: Visions of Power takes place immediately after the events at the end of the previous game, Ironsword: Wizards & Warriors II, when Kuros has defeated his nemesis, the evil wizard Malkil, on the peak of IceFire Mountain. Unaware that Malkil's spirit has survived, Kuros is struck by a bolt of magic from the spirit, knocking him out and removing his armor, memory, and honor. A weakened Malkil then flees and takes refuge in the peaceful city of Piedup, where he dethrones Good King James and takes control of the city. Meanwhile, Kuros has been left to wander in the wilderness without any weapons, armor, or food. After wandering for several months, he finally reaches the city of Piedup, where Malkil's spirit lies. While in the city, Kuros assumes several disguises of wizard, knight, and thief, in order to travel through town undetected and build strength and skill, rescue damsels, and prepare for his battle with Malkil.

Eventually, Kuros makes his way to the throne room in the castle of Piedup. After freeing Good King James, Kuros encounters Malkil, who offers his partnership to Kuros, saying that they would only destroy each other and that they could rule the world if they joined together. Players are then given the option of choosing "yes" or "no". If the player chooses "yes", Malkil then shoots Kuros in the back with magic and instantly defeats him while saying: "Ha! Ha! Ha! The Fool!!" Malkil then holds Kuros prisoner, and the game ends. If the player chooses "no", then the final battle commences; after Kuros defeats Malkil, Kuros is then sucked into a time portal, sending him into the future. The game then concludes, saying that Kuros has restored the city of Piedup to its former self, that the damsels have been saved, and that Good King James has taken back his throne; Kuros' legend is then immortalized among the people, as his saga "unfurls like a glorious banner". The game concludes by saying that, while Malkil will return, Kuros will be there to defeat him repeatedly, and according to the game, "the light shall reign until the end of time". The game's ending sets the stage for a sequel, but no sequel for the game was ever released.

Development
Development of Wizards & Warriors III: Kuros: Visions of Power started in 1990, when, after strong sales with Ironsword: Wizards & Warriors II, Rare gave Zippo Games the rights to develop and direct the third installment in the series; the company's founders, Ste and John Pickford, co-designed the game. Ste Pickford was the lead artist and designed all the concept art for the game, while Lyndon Brooke also assisted with some of the drawings, and Steve Hughes and Andy Miah wrote the software. The game was originally titled Silversword, which was the name of the development project. The Pickford brothers came up with the concept of Kuros' disguises of knight, wizard, and thief as an homage to Ultimate Play the Game's (Rare's former incarnation) 1983 ZX Spectrum title Atic Atac. Ste Pickford said that designing a game which consisted of multiple characters, guilds, and secrets "was a dream come true at the time", saying that they wanted to pay tribute to the various Ultimate Play the Game titles they played in the early 1980s. Pickford wanted to design a game that was a step forward from most Action RPGs for the NES; he opted for nonlinear gameplay in which the different disguises and accompanying abilities would allow the player to access new areas of the map. "Wizards & Warriors III was more like a game that I really wanted to make." Pickford said.

As with Zippo Games' previous projects, the concept art was drawn on paper. The graphics were then drawn with Deluxe Paint and then translated into the ROM manually, sprite-by-sprite, as the NES hardware required precision in sprite placements; this was different from what Rare did, which was to place each pixel of the graphics sprites on graph paper with marker pens and then tasked people to type the code into the ROM. Ste Pickford said that while Rare's sprite-drawing method was easier, his method, while time-consuming, was more efficient. Most everything from the previous Wizards & Warriors games were removed, except for the main protagonist, Kuros, and the game's main antagonist, Malkil. The concept art was originally drawn in black and white, even though the games were being designed in color, to save money from photocopying or printing in color - both of which were very expensive at the time. In developing the "Demon" mini-boss, Pickford could only use about three animation frames, as the sprite was large for the NES hardware. Pickford designed the "Worm" boss similar to the bosses found in R-Type, where a series of smaller sprites formed a snake or worm-like enemy; however, he commented that "it ended up in the game more like a giant floating head". Pickford drew inspiration from the thrones in Super Mario Bros. 3 in designing the final boss, Malkil.

However, near the end of development, time constraints led the Pickford brothers to sell Zippo Games to Rare, in which Zippo was renamed Rare Manchester. With Rare as their boss, morale dropped for the development staff, and eventually everyone left the company before the game could be completed, thus shutting Rare Manchester down. According to Ste Pickford: "One of the programmers completed the game himself after the studio closed." Pickford included a cover, which consisted of a knight in a light-blue armor, in which he said "was just something I drew for fun". However, when the final version of the game was sent to Rare for approval after the studio's closing, they threw away the cover and added their own. According to Pickford, "The document came back with about two typos fixed, a new cover, and 'revised by Tim Stamper' in big letters on the title page, with all trace of myself or any of the Zippo Games names removed, so I guess Tim had a major role." The game was published by Acclaim Entertainment and released in North America in March 1992 and in Europe on January 21, 1993.

The Pickford brothers included a couple of easter egg references. One of them revolved around the name of one of the tavern keepers, Newton N. Ridley, which is a play off the brewery Newton and Ridley from the British soap opera Coronation Street. Another easter egg reference was made to Dragon Warrior with regards to the princesses Kuros must save during the game. Upon saving a princess, she asks Kuros to marry her, prompting a yes/no response for the player; if the player selects "no", the princess responds with "If you refuse, my heart will surely break!" and prompts the yes/no response again - similar to the "but thou must" response in Dragon Warrior. In addition, as all three princesses will have committed to marrying all three forms of Kuros, the original plan for the game's ending was for the three princesses to come together and see their heroes whom they were going to marry, only to find out all three princesses promised to marry the same person. To rectify the situation, Pickford called for what he referred to as "the ultimate cheapo cop-out", where a UFO abducts Kuros with a teleport beam, sending him into the future and setting the stage for the next sequel which would have been called Lasersword. However, this never came to be.

Reception

Wizards & Warriors III received preview coverage in the November 1991 issue of Nintendo Power. There, the magazine praised the graphics as being "eye-grabbers", saying that "Rare has a knack for bold, colorful graphics". They also lauded the game's expansiveness and challenge. However, a couple months later, they announced that the game's release was delayed. The game would eventually receive a rating in its "George & Rob's Now Playing" review section in its April 1992 issue, but it did not receive a review.

Wizards & Warriors III: Kuros: Visions of Power sold 300,000 copies in North America and 30,000 copies in Europe, according to company figures. It was also one of the featured reviews in the February 1992 issue of GamePro magazine. There, reviewer "Slasher Quan" compared the controls to the previous Wizards & Warriors titles, saying that Kuros "is hard-to-control in certain instances, but it's still razor sharp". His criticisms of the game included frustrating item-tracking due to the game's nonlinear structure, lack of fighting, and the lack of continues or passwords; he added that, with regard to the lack of continues or passwords, that "this is particularly a shame because Acclaim reports this baby's about twice as long as Ironsword". Overall, he said that Wizards & Warriors III was "slightly blurry compared to its predecessors".

In a retrospective review of the game in 2008, Destructoid's Conrad Zimmerman criticized Wizards & Warriors III for many issues. While he initially praised the game for its depth, he criticized the game by comparing Kuros to the previous games in the series, saying that he is "still a good-looking knight with a useless sword which he holds as if it were his manhood when jumping" and adding that he "is still one of the most inept fighters in videogame history". He also criticizes the game for its lack of action and fighting, saying that it is "more of a platforming game with the occasional boss fight". Other criticisms include slow and unresponsive controls and hard-to-defeat bosses. Overall, he says that Wizards & Warriors III "isn't a bad game, just one that has some great ideas hampered by serious flaws".

Wizards & Warriors III received praise from Retro Gamer magazine in September 2010, as part of its retrospective on the Wizards & Warriors series. They said that the third installment was the best game in the series as well as developer Ste Pickford's personal favorite, despite the fact that it did not sell as well as its predecessor Ironsword. Developer Ste Pickford said: "Wizards & Warriors III was more like a game that I really wanted to make. IronSword was pretty much a straight sequel for a game dropped in our lap; we look at it and tried to make a new version with some improvements." Pickford added that, while he could have done better with both Ironsword and Wizards & Warriors III, he wished he would have been able to see the latter to its completion.

While Wizards & Warriors III hinted at a sequel at the end of the game, it has not happened. The publishing rights for the series remained with Acclaim, who went bankrupt in 2004, with their intellectual property rights going to Throwback Entertainment. As of late 2010, the Toronto-based company has no plans for any future games in the series.

References

External links
Zee-3's official website (the Pickford brothers' indie game company following Zippo Games' demise)

1992 video games
Acclaim Entertainment games
Fantasy video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Platform games
Adventure games
Rare (company) games
Side-scrolling video games
Video game sequels
Video games scored by David Wise
Wizards & Warriors
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Single-player video games


Cleveland Opera
Cleveland Opera was incorporated by David Bamberger, Carola Bamberger, and John D. Heavenrich in March 1976 and presented its first season in October and November of that year with sold-out productions of Puccini's Madama Butterfly and Rossini's The Barber of Seville. By 1984, it had become the resident opera company at Playhouse Square, with performances at the State Theater.  The company played an integral part in the revitalization of Cleveland's historic Cleveland Theater District and was a leader in the movement to make theaters accessible to the physically challenged.  There was considerable overlap between the orchestra personnel of the Cleveland Opera, Cleveland Ballet, and the Ohio Chamber Orchestra, to the advantage of all three organizations.

The company was managed from March 1976 to April 2004 by David Bamberger as General Director and Carola Bamberger as Associate Director.  In that period, it presented 122 full productions of 74 works by 43 different composers spanning the history of musical theater from Monteverdi to the present.  Its casts included some of opera's greatest artists, among whom were Roberta Peters, Jerome Hines, Sherrill Milnes, and (in concert) Plácido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti, and José Carreras.

In addition to operas and operettas, Cleveland Opera presented several musical theatre favorites, such as West Side Story, Man of La Mancha and My Fair Lady.   It received international attention by commissioning and presenting a world premiere opera by a noted Rock musician, Stewart Copeland of "The Police", with his opera Holy Blood and Crescent Moon.  The company was also noted for "Cleveland Opera on Tour," an extensive education and outreach program.  It was a member of OPERA America,  a national organization which oversees and helps the development of opera across the North American continent.

Opera Cleveland
Following the departure of David Bamberger, the company pursued financial policies that weakened it considerably.  The decision was made to merge with another struggling company that operated largely in the summer, Lyric Opera Cleveland. The merged company was named Opera Cleveland and gave its first staged production in April 2007.  Mismanagement plagued the company, however, and it became defunct in the fall of 2010.

Similar Names
In subsequent years, two small Cleveland companies changed their names to incorporate the words "Cleveland Opera." In 2014, "Opera per tutti" became "Cleveland Opera Theater"  and, in 2017, "Opera Circle" became "The Cleveland Opera." Neither institution is connected to the organization described above.

References

External links

Cleveland
Musical groups from Cleveland
Performing arts in Ohio
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups disestablished in 2010
Arts organizations established in 1976
Arts organizations disestablished in 2010
1976 establishments in Ohio
2010 disestablishments in Ohio

Opera Cleveland


Edwin A. Goodman,  (1918 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure.

Goodman graduated from Toronto's Osgoode Hall Law School in 1947 and was one of the founding partners of Goodmans LLP, a Toronto law firm as well as a life bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada. He is best known, however, for his political work as an advisor and fundraiser for both the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and particularly the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, having been a friend and advisor to both Premier John Robarts and Premier Bill Davis. He has served as the national chair of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and as vice-president of both the Ontario and federal Progressive Conservative Party.

Goodman was also active in charity work as honorary president of Scouts Canada and as a director for various bodies such as the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and Princess Margaret Hospital. He was also chairman of the Royal Ontario Museum for six years.

He was considered a Red Tory and was part of the circle known as the Big Blue Machine that helped keep the Ontario Tories in power under Robarts and Davis.

He once ran for public office losing to Communist J.B. Salsberg of the Labor-Progressive Party after World War II.

In April 1975 his daughter Joanne Goodman was killed in a highway accident.  He named a lecture series at the University of Western Ontario which every year invites a history to give a series of lectures to the University community

In 1992, Goodman was named to the Security Intelligence Review Committee and was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

His autobiography, The Life of the Party, was published in 1988. He is also an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Goodman died following a heart attack.

References

Rob Feguson, `Patriot and philanthropist' Toronto lawyer was Tory stalwart Received Order of Canada in 1983, Toronto Star, August 24, 2006

External links
Order of Canada Citation

1918 births
2006 deaths
Jewish Canadian politicians
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian King's Counsel
Canadian political consultants
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Royal Ontario Museum
Osgoode Hall Law School alumni

Edwin A. Goodman


The first Stockton was launched on 27 December 1899 by William R. Trigg Company, Richmond, Va.; sponsored by Miss Katherine Stockton; and commissioned on 14 March 1901.

Stockton remained at Norfolk Navy Yard until 14 November 1901 when she sailed for Port Royal, S.C. Decommissioned on 16 November, she remained there into the following year. Recommissioned on 7 June 1902, Stockton steamed, via New London, Conn., to Newport, R.I. On 25 August, the torpedo boat was ordered to the Caribbean. Arriving at Key West, Fla., on 3 October 1902, Stockton subsequently cruised off Hispaniola and Puerto Rico before returning to Key West on 14 January 1903. She reached Norfolk a fortnight later and was decommissioned there on 16 February.

Stockton was recommissioned on 11 June 1906 and assigned to the 3d Torpedo Flotilla the following day. She remained on the United States east coast into 1909, attached to the 3d Torpedo Flotilla. Transferred to the 1st Torpedo Division on 9 September 1909, she participated in the Hudson–Fulton Celebration during October 1909.

Stockton was placed in reserve on 9 November 1909 and, but for occasional cruises as far north as New York City, remained at Charleston Navy Yard into 1913. Decommissioned at Charleston Navy Yard on 14 November 1913, Stockton was struck from the Navy list on 15 November. On 25 May 1914, the torpedo boat was ordered prepared for use as a target and was sunk by battleships and destroyers of the Atlantic Fleet during September 1916.

Sources

Bibliography

External links

Torpedo boats of the United States Navy
Ships built in Richmond, Virginia
Shipwrecks
Ships sunk as targets
Maritime incidents in 1916
1899 ships

USS Stockton (TB-32)


Cheick Modibo Diarra (born 1952) is a Malian astrophysicist, businessman, and politician who was acting Prime Minister of Mali from April 2012 to December 2012.

On 11 December 2012, Diarra presented his resignation on state television in a broadcast at 4 a.m. local time, hours after soldiers who led the 2012 Malian coup d'état arrested him at his home in Bamako.

Life and career
Diarra was born in Nioro du Sahel, Mali. He is a Bambara and the son-in-law of former president Moussa Traoré.  After graduating high school in Mali, Cheick Modibo Diarra studied mathematics, physics, and analytic mechanics in Paris at the University of Pierre and Marie Curie. He then received a Masters in aerospace engineering and a PhD in mechanical engineering, both from Howard University in Washington, D.C.  He was recruited by Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a NASA Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) operated under contract by the California Institute of Technology, where he played a role in several NASA programs, including the Magellan probe to Venus, the Ulysses probe to the Sun, the Galileo spacecraft to Jupiter, and the Mars Observer and Mars Pathfinder.  He later became the director of education and public outreach for NASA's Mars Exploration program. Dr. Diarra also served as an executive for the Microsoft Corporation. He also obtained American citizenship.

In 1999, he obtained permission from NASA to work part-time in order to devote himself to education development in Africa, founding the Pathfinder Foundation.  He took a further sabbatical in 2002 to found a laboratory in Bamako, Mali for the development of solar energy. In 2000 and 2001 he also served as a goodwill ambassador for UNESCO.  In 2002 and 2003 he served as CEO of the African Virtual University, based in Kenya.

Cheick Modibo Diarra was the chairman of Microsoft Africa from 2006 until the end of 2011. Turning to Malian politics, he founded the Rally for the Development of Mali, a political party, in March 2011, and he intended to stand as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election.

Acting Prime Minister
Cheick Modibo Diarra was appointed interim Prime Minister of Mali on 17 April 2012 to help restore civilian rule after the March 2012 coup d'état. His government, composed of 24 members, was appointed on 25 April 2012. Three of the most important posts—the ministries for defense, internal security, and territorial administration—were assigned to officers associated with the military junta that seized power in March and retained an important role even after formally returning power to civilians. Otherwise, the government was composed of technocrats rather than political figures.

On 11 December 2012, soldiers reportedly sent by coup leader Captain Amadou Sanogo arrested Diarra as he prepared to leave the country for a medical check-up in France. Shortly after his arrest, Diarra appeared on state television and announced his resignation and that of his government.

On 1 December 2013, ALN, an alliance of independent top tier African law firms, announced the appointment of Diarra as its Chairman. Diarra succeeded John Miles, the CEO of J Miles & Co.

References

External links

Pathfinder Foundation

1952 births
Living people
Howard University alumni
Malian astronomers
Malian astrophysicists
Malian prisoners and detainees
Malian scientists
Prime Ministers of Mali
University of Paris alumni
People from Kayes Region
UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors
Malian expatriates in France
21st-century Malian people

Cheick Modibo Diarra


Richard Allen Lupoff (February 21, 1935 – October 22, 2020) was an American science-fiction and mystery author, who also wrote humor, satire, nonfiction and reviews. In addition to his two dozen novels and more than 40 short stories, he also edited science-fantasy anthologies. He was an expert on the writing of Edgar Rice Burroughs, and had an equally strong interest in H. P. Lovecraft. He also co-edited the non-fiction anthology All in Color For a Dime (with Don Thompson), which has been described as "the very first published volume dedicated to comic book criticism"; as well as its sequel, The Comic-Book Book.

Early life and education
Born February 21, 1935, in Brooklyn, New York, into a Jewish family, Lupoff studied at the University of Miami, where he continued a career as a freelance journalist that began when he was 14.

Technology career
After completion of his degree and military service, Lupoff worked as a technical writer at Sperry Univac for five years, then at IBM for seven years, where his duties centered on directing informational films. The recession of the late 1970s caused him to return temporarily to employment in technology.

Writing career
He began his writing career in science-fiction fandom in the early 1950s, producing eight mimeographed copies of his own fanzine, SF52, and later working on others, including reviews for Algol and in the early 1960s, editing Xero with his wife Pat and Bhob Stewart. Xeros contributors included Dan Adkins, James Blish, Lin Carter, Avram Davidson, L. Sprague de Camp, Roger Ebert (then 19 years of age), Harlan Ellison, Ed Gorman, Eddie Jones, Roy G. Krenkel, Frederik Pohl, and Bob Tucker; it received the Hugo Award for Best Fanzine in 1963. In 2004, a hardcover anthology, The Best of Xero, coedited with Pat Lupoff and featuring a nostalgic introduction by Ebert, was published by Tachyon Publications. It was, in turn, nominated for the Hugo Award.

Lupoff was an editor of Edgar Rice Burroughs for Canaveral Press, and in 1965, at the request of the company's owners, wrote a biography of Burroughs, Edgar Rice Burroughs: Master of Adventure, his first book.

Science fiction
He began publishing fiction in 1967 with the novel One Million Centuries, and became a full-time writer in 1970. His next novels were Sacred Locomotive Flies (1971) and Into the Aether (1974); he is credited with more than 50 books, plus short fiction, nonfiction, and memoirs. He sometimes wrote under pseudonyms, such as Addison E. Steele, which he used for Buck Rogers novels, and Ova Hamlet, which he frequently used for parodies, collected in The Ova Hamlet Papers in 1975. Pastiche of other authors' styles and story settings and use of other authors and friends as characters are features of his writing.

Among his best-known novels are the duology Circumpolar! (1984) and Countersolar! (1987). His novel Sword of the Demon was nominated for the 1977 Nebula Award. Robert Silverberg described it as "a strange and austerely beautiful fable that cuts across genre lines."

His short fiction, which has often been collected and anthologized, includes the 1973 short story "12:01 PM", which was adapted into both the Oscar-nominated short film 12:01 pm (1990) and the TV movie 12:01 (1993). Lupoff appeared in both films as an extra. The major plot device is a time loop, and bears great similarity to that of 1993's Groundhog Day. Lupoff and Jonathan Heap, director of the 1990 film, were "outraged" by the apparent theft of the idea, but after six months of lawyers' conferences, they decided to drop the case against Columbia Pictures.

His novelette "After the Dreamtime" and his short story "Sail the Tide of Mourning" received Hugo Award nominations in 1975 and 1976.  Steve Stiles  and his collaborative graphic novel The Adventures of Professor Thintwhistle and his Incredible Aether Flyer, originally a series of comic strips in Heavy Metal, is considered a forerunner of steampunk.

Mystery
Returning to full-time writing, he turned, instead, to mystery. The Comic Book Killer. published in 1988, has several sequels. His first collection of short mystery stories is Quintet: The Cases of Chase and Delacroix (2008).

Radio program: Probabilities
Starting in 1977, Lupoff co-hosted a program on Pacifica Radio station KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, that featured book reviews and interviews, primarily with science-fiction and mystery authors. Originally an occasional one-hour program called Probabilities Unlimited, after several months it became a regular weekly, half-hour program called simply Probabilities, which aired until 1995, and was relaunched that year as Cover to Cover; Lupoff left in 2001 to focus on his writing career, and the program was then again renamed to Bookwaves. Among the notable authors interviewed by Lupoff and his co-host, Richard Wolinsky, were Ray Bradbury, Octavia Butler, Richard Adams, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Kurt Vonnegut.

Personal life
Richard and Pat Lupoff were married from 1958 until her death in 2018, and had three children. They lived in Westchester County and then in Manhattan, and later in Northern California. He died in Oakland, CA on October 22, 2020.

Bibliography

Novels
One Million Centuries (1967)
Sacred Locomotive Flies (1971)
Into the Aether (1974)
The Crack in the Sky [vt Fool's Hill (1978 UK)](1976)
Sandworld (1976)
Lisa Kane (1976)
The Triune Man (1976)
Sword of the Demon (1977)
The Return of SkullFace (1977)
Space War Blues (1978)
Lovecraft's Book (1985)
The Forever City (1988)
The Comic Book Killer (1988)
The Adventures of Professor Thintwhistle and His Incredible Aether Flyer (1991) with Steve Stiles
Night of the Living Gator (1992)
Marblehead (Ramble House, 2006). The unexpurgated edition of Lovecraft's Book.
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (1978) [as by Addison E. Steele]
Buck Rogers: That Man On Beta (1979) [as by Addison E. Steele]
Philip José Farmer's The Dungeon (Dungeon series)
First book: The Black Tower (1988)
Sixth book: The Final Battle (1990)
Sun's End
Sun's End (1984)
Galaxy's End (1988)
Twin Planets
Circumpolar! (1984)
Countersolar! (1985)
Detective Fiction
The Comic Book Killer (1988)
The Classic Car Killer (1992)
The Bessie Blue Killer (1994)
The Sepia Siren Killer (1994)
The Cover Girl Killer (1995)
The Silver Chariot Killer (1996)
The Radio Red Killer (1997)
One Murder at a Time (associated short fiction) (2001)
The Emerald Cat Killer (2012)
Rookie Blues (one-off) (2012)

Short fiction
Nebogipfel at the End of Time (1978/1979)
Collections
The Ova Hamlet Papers (1979)
The Digital Wristwatch of Philip K. Dick / Hyperprism (1994)
Before ... 12:01 ... and After (1996) Fedogan & Bremer, pub.  Introduction by Robert Silverberg.
Jubilee (1997) (collected in Mike Resnick's alternate history anthology "Alternate Tyrants")
Claremont Tales (2001)
Claremont Tales II (2002)
Terrors (2005)
 Quintet: The Cases of Chase and Delacroix (2006). Crippen & Landru, (2006)
The Compleat Ova Hamlet (2007)
Deep Space (2009)
Visions (2009)
Dreams (2011)
Killer's Dozen (2013)
Dreamer's Dozen (2015)
Anthologies
What If? Volume 1, Stories That Should Have Won The Hugo, (1980), stories from 1952–1958.
What If? Volume 2, Stories That Should Have Won The Hugo, (1981).
The Best of Xero, (2005), selections from Xero
What If? Volume 3 (2014)

Nonfiction

Books
Master of Adventure: The Worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs (1965, a 2005 reprint in the Bison Frontiers of Imagination series)
All in Color for a Dime (co-ed w/Don Thompson) (1970)
The Comic-Book Book (co-ed w/Don Thompson) (1973)
Barsoom: Edgar Rice Burroughs and Martian Vision (1976)
Writer at Large (1998)
The Great American Paperback (2001)
The Best of Xero (w/Pat Lupoff) (2005)
WRITER: Volume 1 (2010)
WRITER: Volume 2 (2010)
WRITER: Volume 3 (2016)
Where Memory Hides: A Writer's Life (2016)

Articles
 "What's Left of the Science Fiction Market?," The Writer, May 1956

Book reviews

References

External links
"Richard Lupoff at Shorter Length" by Claude Lalumière

ERBzine: "Lupoff of Mars" by Dale R. Broadhurst
Earl Kemp on Richard Lupoff

20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American science fiction writers
Hugo Award-winning editors
Science fiction editors
Cthulhu Mythos writers
American short story writers
American male short story writers
American male novelists
Jewish American novelists
Jewish American short story writers
Jewish American writers
Pacifica Foundation people
American humorists
Edgar Rice Burroughs
IBM employees
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
Writers from Brooklyn
Novelists from New York (state)
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
1935 births
2020 deaths

Richard A. Lupoff


Aheda Zanetti (born 1967) is a Lebanese-born Australian fashion designer for Muslim women.

Zanetti was born in Tripoli, Lebanon, and moved with her family to Australia when she was two years old. Zanetti first designed the hijood (a portmanteau of hijab and hood) for Muslim girls to practice sports. In 2004, she launched a series of sportswear for Muslim women under the trademark Ahiida, and founded the company Ahiida Pty Ltd (AHIIDA). Under that brand, she has designed what she named the burqini (or burkini) (a portmanteau of burqa and bikini) for use by Muslim female swimmers. She estimates her sales at more than 700,000 garments since 2008. Burqini and Burkini are registered trademarks owned by Zanetti's company, though they have become generic terms for similar forms of Islamic swimwear.

References

External links
Burqini website

1967 births
Living people
People from Tripoli, Lebanon
Lebanese emigrants to Australia
Australian fashion designers
Australian women fashion designers
Lebanese fashion designers
Lebanese women fashion designers
Australian women company founders
Australian company founders
Australian Muslims
Muslim fashion designers

Aheda Zanetti


William Oscar Atkeson (August 24, 1854 – October 16, 1931) was a Republican Representative representing Missouri's 6th congressional district from March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923.

Atkeson was born on a farm in Buffalo, Virginia (now West Virginia). He attended the University of Kentucky at Lexington; taught school in Mason County, West Virginia and at New Haven, West Virginia.  He graduated from Fairmont Normal School in 1875.
He  moved to Point Pleasant, West Virginia in 1876 and edited and published the West Virginia Monitor; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1877 and commenced practice in Council Grove, Kansas.

He moved to Rich Hill, Missouri in Bates County, Missouri, in 1882 and to Butler, Missouri, in 1889.  He was prosecuting attorney of Bates County, 1891–1893; unsuccessful candidate for circuit judge of the twenty-ninth judicial circuit in 1892; owner and editor of the Butler Free Press 1894-1902; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1906 to the Sixtieth Congress and in 1908 to the Sixty-first Congress; served as deputy State hotel inspector in 1910 and 1911 and as deputy State labor commissioner 1911-1913; owner and editor of the Bates County Record 1915-1918; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1922 to the Sixty-eighth Congress; served as State warehouse commissioner in Kansas City, Missouri, from July 1, 1923, until February 5, 1925, when he resigned; resumed the practice of law and also engaged in literary pursuits; died in Butler, October 16, 1931; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery.

References

1854 births
1931 deaths
People from Buffalo, West Virginia
People from Point Pleasant, West Virginia
People from Bates County, Missouri
Fairmont State University alumni
Editors of West Virginia newspapers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri
Kansas lawyers
Missouri lawyers
West Virginia lawyers
People from Council Grove, Kansas
People from Butler, Missouri

William O. Atkeson


Plaster is a material similar to mortar and cement.  Plaster of Paris is one kind, made from gypsum by heating it. It is used to make copies of footprints, fossils, skeletons, and to set fractured bones. Other kinds of plaster are used for buildings and other purposes. Decorative plaster is more usually called stucco.

Materials

Plaster


Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) is the Pole Star or North Star.

It is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor. It is almost straight above Earth's North Pole. Because of this, when it is seen from Earth, it looks like it always stays in the same place in the sky. For centuries, sailors in the northern hemisphere used Polaris to help them figure out where they were on the ocean and what way they were moving.

Polaris is part of a triple star system. It has a very close dwarf binary, and a larger star, Polaris B, which orbits 2,400 AU away.

The main star, Polaris A, is a giant with 4.5 times the mass of the Sun and a diameter of 45 million kilometers. It is a classic Cepheid variable, the closest to us in the whole Milky Way. Polaris B can be seen even with a modest telescope. It was found by William Herschel in 1780 using one of the most powerful telescopes of the time: his own reflecting telescope. The nearby dwarf star, Ab, was predicted in 1929, but only seen quite recently. The dwarf orbits as close to A as Uranus is to our sun.

Even though Polaris is the North Star today, this has not always been the case. The place in the sky that the Earth's north pole points at changes slowly over time. This movement is called stellar precession. In 3000 BC, a faint star called Thuban in the constellation of Draco was the North Star. Polaris did not become the North Star until about AD 500. It will get closer to straight above the Earth's north pole until sometime in 2102. Then it will move away again. It will be the closest star to the pole until about AD 3000.

Surprisingly, considering its relative nearness, its distance is not yet known for certain. Many recent papers calculate the distance to Polaris at about 434 light-years (133 parsecs). However, some suggest it may be as much as 30% closer. If correct, this would be especially notable because Polaris is the closest Cepheid variable to Earth. Its physical parameters are critical to the whole astronomical distance scale.

There is no star in the southern hemisphere  which plays a similar role to Polaris. The star at the celestial south pole, Sigma Octantis, is much dimmer, so it is basically useless.

References

Northern pole stars
Variable stars
Binary stars
Supergiants

Polaris (star)


Harriet Jacobs (1813 or 1815 – March 7, 1897) was an African American in the 19th century. She was born as a slave in North Carolina, but learned to read and escaped to the North in the 1842.

When she was still a girl, her master wanted to start a sexual relationship with her. She refused and entered into a relationship with Samuel Tredwell Sawyer. Sawyer was a lawyer and had some power to protect her. He became the father of her two children, Joseph and Louisa Matilda. Still, the law gave a master absolute power over a slave. Jacobs's master wanted to sell her children away from her. In 1835, she decided to hide in a small room in her grandmother's house. That room was so small that she could not stand up. She had to stay there for seven years. Because she could neither stand nor walk, she was suffering from leg problems for many years afterwards. In 1842, she was finally able to escape to Philadelphia by boat. From Philadelphia, she went to New York where she found work as a nanny for the children of Nathaniel Parker Willis. Also her brother John S. Jacobs and her children were able to escape from slavery.

While she was still working as nanny for the Willis children during the day, at night she wrote down her experiences. In January 1861, her experiences were finally published as a book called Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl, written by herself. After the American Civil War had started in April 1861, she went to Alexandria, Virginia. There she helped black people who had just escaped from slavery. She spent her last years in Washington, D.C. where she lived together with her daughter.

After the Civil War, the slaves were set free. The people of the United States lost interest in slavery and forgot Jacobs and her book. But in the second half of the 20th century, people began to show new interest in the history of slavery. Professor Jean Fagan Yellin did a lot of research work and wrote the book Harriet Jacobs. A Life. The Remarkable Adventures of the Woman who Wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Today, people call Jacobs's book an "American classic", meaning that it is one of the most important books written in the United States of America.

References

1813 births
1897 deaths
American abolitionists
African American writers
American autobiographers
Writers from North Carolina
Writers from New York (state)
Slaves

Harriet Jacobs


Pollux may refer to:

People
Julius Pollux, also known as Ioulios Poludeukes (2nd century A.D), a Greek rhetorician
Pollux (mythology) or Polydeuces, one of the Dioscuri and twin brother of Castor

Astronomy
Pollux (star), (β Geminorum)
Pollux b, exoplanet orbiting the star Pollux.
Pollux, a crater on the Saturnian moon Epimetheus

Games
Pollux, a character in the erotic anime series Words Worth
Pollux (arcade game), an arcade game manufactured by Dooyong in 1991
Pollux Gamelabs, a Danish game development company.
The Pollux Engine, a game engine developed by Square-Enix for easy porting between the Wii and Nintendo DS systems, used in both versions of Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Echoes of Time

Ships
SS Pollux, the name of more than one ship
USS Pollux, the name of more than one United States Navy ship
MS Abel Tasman was known as Pollux in 1994-1995

Other uses
EAS Pollux, a spaceship in the television series Babylon 5
Kastor und Pollux, a complex of two towers in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Pollux, a South Devon Railway 4-4-0ST steam locomotive of the South Devon Railway Eagle class
Pollux (mountain), a mountain in the Pennine Alps, in Italy and Switzerland
RTV-N-15 Pollux, an experimental pulsejet-powered research missile of the U.S. Navy

Pollux