Kingsgrove is a suburb  in Southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Kingsgrove is  south-west of the Sydney central business district and lies across the local government areas of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown, Bayside Council and the Georges River Council.

History
Governor Philip King granted 500 acres (2 km2) in 1804 to Hannah Laycock (1758-1831), the wife of Quartermaster Thomas Laycock (1756-1809). She named the farm King's Grove in Governor King's honor. This was later simplified to Kingsgrove. The area would be now bounded by Kingsgrove Road, Bexley Road and William Street. Governor King made Thomas Laycock an officer of merit and recommended him to fill the vacancy an ensign in the New South Wales Corps. Two of their sons, William and Samuel were also given land grants of  each in the same area in 1804 and Hannah received another  in 1812. The entire  of Kingsgrove farm when sold to Simeon Lord in 1829, extended from Campsie and Clemton Park to Stoney Creek Road.

The first inn built in the area was the Man of Kent on Kingsgrove Road, near Morris Avenue and was licensed on 1 July 1850. The licensee Evan Evans, was formerly a sea captain. In 1856, Thomas Smithson, a tobacco manufacturer from Leeds, England, established the Cooks River Tobacco Manufactory on Stoney Creek Road. He marketed snuff and cigars into Sydney until the 1880s. One of Thomas' sons, James Edward Smithson, made and sold wine from Smithson's Wine Bar on the site of today's Bexley Golf Course. Kingsgrove railway station opened in 1931 and development in the area followed.

Commercial area

The main shopping centre is located on Kingsgrove Road, south of Kingsgrove railway station. Commercial and industrial developments are located on the northern side of the railway line, west of Kingsgrove Road. There are also some commercial developments scattered along Stoney Creek Road and Canterbury Road. A small group of shops on Stoney Creek Road is known as the Kingsway locality. Kingsgrove RSL Club is located in Brocklehurst Lane behind Kingsgrove Road.

Kingsgrove Road features a variety of food outlets, gift stores, restaurants, cafes, hair salons and services such as Solicitors, Banks, Accountants and General Practitioners. There is also a Woolworths supermarket, a Bunnings Warehouse and three petrol stations in the area.

Transport

Kingsgrove is well connected to both the road and public transport network.

Kingsgrove Road has entrance and exit ramps for the M5 Motorway, with access towards Sydney Airport and the Sydney central business district. The western end of the M8 Motorway also exits onto the M5 in Kingsgrove. Moorefields Road and William Street are other main roads in the suburb.

Kingsgrove railway station is on the T8 Airport Line of the Sydney Trains network. This line provides direct access to both the Sydney CBD and Sydney Airport.

There are two bus depots in the suburb - one for services operated by Transit Systems and the other for services operated by U-Go Mobility. Bus routes 423 and 423X link Kingsgrove to the Sydney central business district via Earlwood, Marrickville and Newtown.

There are other direct local bus connections to Campsie, Hurstville, Kogarah, Rockdale, Roselands Shopping Centre, Earlwood and Burwood on the 446, 455, 490, 492 and 493 routes. The NightRide N20 bus route also supplements late night T8 train services to Riverwood via Beverly Hills and the City - Town Hall via Rockdale, Arncliffe and Mascot.

Demographics

In 2021 Census, there were 12,881 people in Kingsgrove. 56.6% were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 7.9%, Greece 5.2%, Lebanon 2.5%, Vietnam 2.2% and Italy 1.9%.

The most common ancestries were Greek 20.3%, Chinese 19.1%, Australian 13.2%, English 10.7% and Lebanese 8.2%.

40.8% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Greek 15.3%, Cantonese 7.9%, Mandarin 6.8%, Arabic 6.8%, and Italian 2.9%. The most common responses for religious affiliation were Catholic (26.6%), Orthodox (22.6%), No Religion, 20.1%, Islam 7.3% and Not stated 4.9%.

Notable residents
 Chris Cahill - footballer
 Alex Perry - Fashion Designer and Television Personality

Schools
 Kingsgrove Public School
 Kingsgrove High School
 Kingsgrove North High School
 Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School
 Saint Ursula's College, Kingsgrove
 All Saints Grammar Secondary

Churches

 Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Church
 St Bede's Anglican Church (Beverly Hills with Kingsgrove) [Anglican Church]
 South West Evangelical Church (St Thomas Anglican Church)
 St Davids Presbyterian Church
 Kingsgrove Christian Brethren Church
 Kingsgrove Chinese Christian & Missionary Alliance Church
 Kingsgrove Every Nation Christian Church Sydney South
 Kingsgrove Greek Evangelical (Free) Church

Parks and recreation
Parks in the suburb include Beaumont Park, Kingsgrove Avenue Reserve, Smith Reserve, Dowsett Park, Butler Reserve and Beverly Grove Reserve.

References

Suburbs of Sydney
Georges River Council
City of Canterbury-Bankstown
Bayside Council

Kingsgrove


A nuclear explosion is an explosion that occurs as a result of the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction may be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion or a multi-stage cascading combination of the two, though to date all fusion-based weapons have used a fission device to initiate fusion, and a pure fusion weapon remains a hypothetical device. Nuclear explosions are used in nuclear weapons and nuclear testing.

Atmospheric nuclear explosions are associated with mushroom clouds, although mushroom clouds can occur with large chemical explosions. It is possible to have an air-burst nuclear explosion without those clouds. Nuclear explosions produce radiation and radioactive debris that is harmful to humans and can cause moderate to severe skin burns, eye damage, radiation sickness, radiation-induced cancer and possible death depending on how far a person is from the blast radius. Nuclear explosions can also have detrimental effects on the climate, lasting from months to years. In a 1983 article, Carl Sagan claimed that a small-scale nuclear war could release enough particles into the atmosphere to cause the planet to cool and cause crops, animals, and agriculture to disappear across the globe—an effect named nuclear winter.

History

The beginning (fission explosions)
The first manmade nuclear explosion occurred on July 16, 1945, at 5:50 am on the Trinity test site near Alamogordo, New Mexico, in the United States, an area now known as the White Sands Missile Range. The event involved the full-scale testing of an implosion-type fission atomic bomb. In a memorandum to the U.S. Secretary of War, General Leslie Groves describes the yield as equivalent to 15,000 to 20,000 tons of TNT. Following this test, a uranium-gun type nuclear bomb (Little Boy) was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, with a blast yield of 15 kilotons; and a plutonium implosion-type bomb (Fat Man) on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, with a blast yield of 21 kilotons. Fat Man and Little Boy are the only instances in history of nuclear weapons being used as an act of war.

On August 29, 1949, the USSR became the second country to successfully test a nuclear weapon. RDS-1, dubbed "First Lightning" by the Soviets and "Joe-1" by the US, produced a 20 kiloton explosion and was essentially a copy of the American Fat Man plutonium implosion design.

Thermonuclear Era (fusion explosions)
The United States' first thermonuclear weapon, Ivy Mike, was detonated on 1 November 1952 at Enewetak Atoll and yielded 10 Megatons of explosive force. The first thermonuclear weapon tested by the USSR, RDS-6s (Joe-4), was detonated on August 12, 1953, at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan and yielded about 400 kilotons. RDS-6s' design, nicknamed the Sloika, was remarkably similar to a version designed for the U.S. by Edward Teller nicknamed the "Alarm Clock", in that the nuclear device was a two-stage weapon: the first explosion was triggered by fission and the second more powerful explosion by fusion. The Sloika core consisted of a series of concentric spheres with alternating materials to help boost the explosive yield.

Proliferation Era
In the years following World War II, eight countries have conducted nuclear tests with 2475 devices fired in 2120 tests. In 1963, the United States, Soviet Union, and United Kingdom signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, pledging to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, or in outer space. The treaty permitted underground tests. Many other non-nuclear nations acceded to the Treaty following its entry into force; however, France and China (both nuclear weapons states) have not.

The primary application to date has been military (i.e. nuclear weapons), and the remainder of explosions include the following:
 Nuclear pulse propulsion, including using a nuclear explosion as asteroid deflection strategy.
 Power generation; see PACER
 Peaceful nuclear explosions

Nuclear weapons

Two nuclear weapons have been deployed in combat—both by the United States against Japan in World War II. The first event occurred on the morning of 6 August 1945, when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a uranium gun-type device, code-named "Little Boy", on the city of Hiroshima, killing 70,000 people, including 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers. The second event occurred three days later when the United States Army Air Forces dropped a plutonium implosion-type device, code-named "Fat Man", on the city of Nagasaki. It killed 39,000 people, including 27,778 Japanese munitions employees, 2,000 Korean slave laborers, and 150 Japanese combatants. In total, around 109,000 people were killed in these bombings. Nuclear weapons are largely seen as a 'deterrent' by most governments; the sheer scale of the destruction caused by nuclear weapons has discouraged their use in warfare.

Nuclear testing

Since the Trinity test and excluding combat use, countries with nuclear weapons have detonated roughly 1,700 nuclear explosions, all but six as tests. Of these, six were peaceful nuclear explosions. Nuclear tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness, yield and explosive capability of nuclear weapons. Throughout the 20th century, most nations that have developed nuclear weapons had a staged test of them. Testing nuclear weapons can yield information about how the weapons work, as well as how the weapons behave under various conditions and how structures behave when subjected to a nuclear explosion. Additionally, nuclear testing has often been used as an indicator of scientific and military strength, and many tests have been overtly political in their intention; most nuclear weapons states publicly declared their nuclear status by means of a nuclear test. Nuclear tests have taken place at more than 60 locations across the world; some in secluded areas and others more densely populated. Detonation of nuclear weapons (in a test or during war) releases radioactive fallout that concerned the public in the 1950s. This led to the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963 signed by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. This treaty banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and under water.

Effects of nuclear explosions

Shockwaves and radiation
The dominant effect of a nuclear weapon (the blast and thermal radiation) are the same physical damage mechanisms as conventional explosives, but the energy produced by a nuclear explosive is millions of times more per gram and the temperatures reached are in the tens of megakelvin. Nuclear weapons are quite different from conventional weapons because of the huge amount of explosive energy that they can put out and the different kinds of effects they make, like high temperatures and nuclear radiation.

The devastating impact of the explosion does not stop after the initial blast, as with conventional explosives. A cloud of nuclear radiation travels from the hypocenter of the explosion, causing an impact to life forms even after the heat waves have ceased. The health effects on humans from nuclear explosions comes from the initial shockwave, the radiation exposure, and the fallout. The initial shockwave and radiation exposure come from the immediate blast which has different effects on the health of humans depending on the distance from the center of the blast. The shockwave can rupture eardrums and lungs, can also throw people back, and cause buildings to collapse. Radiation exposure is delivered at the initial blast and can continue for an extended amount of time in the form of nuclear fallout. The main health effect of nuclear fallout is cancer and birth defects because radiation causes changes in cells that can either kill or make them abnormal. Any nuclear explosion (or nuclear war) would have worldwide-ranging, long-term, catastrophic effects. Radioactive contamination would cause genetic mutations and cancer across many generations.

Nuclear winter
Another potential devastating effect of nuclear war is termed nuclear winter. The idea become popularized in mainstream culture during the 1980s, when Richard P. Turco, Owen Toon, Thomas P. Ackerman, James B. Pollack and Carl Sagan collaborated and produced a scientific study which suggested the Earth's weather and climate can be severely impacted by nuclear war. The main idea is that once a conflict begins and the aggressors start detonating nuclear weapons, the explosions will eject small particles from the Earth's surface into the atmosphere as well as nuclear particles. It's also assumed that fires will break out and become widespread, similar to what happened at Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the end of WWII, which will cause soot and other harmful particles to also be introduced into the atmosphere. Once these harmful particles are lofted, strong upper-level winds in the troposphere can transport them thousands of kilometers and can end up transporting nuclear fallout and also alter the Earth's radiation budget. Once enough small particles are in the atmosphere, they can act as cloud condensation nuclei which will cause global cloud coverage to increase which in turn blocks incoming solar insolation and starts a global cooling period. This is not unlike one of the leading theories about the extinction of most dinosaur species, in that a large explosion ejected small particulate matter into the atmosphere and resulted in a global catastrophe characterized by cooler temperatures, acid rain, and the KT Layer.

See also

 Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
 Soviet nuclear well collapses
 Visual depictions of nuclear explosions in fiction

References

External links
 Video – Nuclear Explosion Power Comparison
 NUKEMAP2.7 (modelling effects of nuclear explosion of various yield in various cities)

Nuclear physics
Nuclear chemistry
Nuclear weapon design
Nuclear accidents and incidents
Articles containing video clips

Nuclear explosion


Bánkút is a ski resort  in Northern Hungary in the Bükk National Park. It lies 32 km west from Miskolc and 800–930 metres above sea level; officially belongs to the village of Nagyvisnyó.

It has six ski trails of various difficulty and two beginner slopes, its eight ski lifts can lift 2000 persons per hour. There are two cross-country ski trails, 3.5 km and 8 km long. In ski season MVK Zrt., the public transport company of Miskolc operates a bus line between the city's Diósgyőr district and Bánkút.

There are three cross country ski courses - 3.5, 5 and 8 kilometres long.

Sources

Official website

Ski areas and resorts in Hungary
Buildings and structures in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Tourist attractions in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County

Bánkút (Nagyvisnyó)


Hurricane Charlie was the deadliest storm in 1951. It was the second hurricane of the year in the Atlantic hurricane season. This hurricane hit Jamaica with winds around Category 3 levels, strengthened to Category 4 at 135 miles an hour and then struck Mexican Yucatán Peninsula. The storm made its last landfall in the Tampico area of Mexico. Over 250 people died, half of whom near the Tampico region. This hurricane was Tampico's worst tropical cyclone since 1936.

Hurricanes in Mexico
1951 in North America
1950s in Mexico
20th century in Jamaica
1950s in weather

Hurricane Charlie (1951)


Thanatos is the god of death in Greek mythology.  He is the son of Nyx and the twin brother of Hypnos, the god of sleep.

Sigmund Freud, a famous psychologist, used the word in one of his theories. THANATOS was the god or personified spirit (daimon) of non-violent death. His touch was gentle, likened to that of his twin brother Hypnos(Sleep). Violent death was the domain of Thanatos' blood-craving sisters, the Keres, spirits of slaughter and disease. He is often confused with Hades, who is the god of the dead and underworld, not death itself.

Thanatos plays a prominent role in two myths. Once when he was sent to fetch Alkestis (Alcestis) to the underworld, he was driven off by Herakles in a fight. Another time he was captured by the criminal Sisyphos (Sisyphus) who trapped him in a sack so as to avoid death.

Greek gods and goddesses

Thanatos


Marilyn Sellars (born December 31, 1938) is an American country music and gospel singer who had several hits during the mid-1970s on Mega Records, most notably the original version of "One Day at a Time" in 1974.

Early career
Sellars was born in Northfield, Minnesota in 1938. She started singing in church at the age of three singing "Oh, What A Beautiful Morning". Sellars began singing at functions and clubs around Minnesota as a teenager and after high school graduation in 1956, sang a variety of music with country and Gospel music being her favorites. Many of her family and friends enjoyed her singing and suggested Sellars moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1973.

Breakthrough
Sellars signed with Mega Records in 1973 and success began quite rapidly with a song written by Marijohn Wilkin and Kris Kristofferson called "One Day at a Time". This would become a hit for Sellars in 1974 and reached No. 19 on the country charts and No. 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. The album of the same name went to No. 1 on the country charts. The song would become an even bigger hit for Cristy Lane in 1980 going to number No. 1 on the country charts. Sellars had another Top 40 country hit in early 1975 with her cover version of Sammi Smith's "He's Everywhere" and released two more albums that year with Gather Me and The Door I Used To Close. Sellars had two minor hits in both 1975 and 1976 with the title tracks of both albums. After that, Mega Records closed its doors and Sellars faded quietly from view and decided to raise her family and moved back to Minnesota.

Life today
Sellars continues to perform to this day and has released several albums of country and gospel music, the most recent of these being the 2006 release of One Day at a Time: My Faith, My Country. In 2004, she was inducted into the Minnesota Country and Rock Hall of Fame.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Marilyn's First Album
One Day at a Time was Marilyn's first 1974 album. It peaked at #10 at the Top Country Albums of that year.

Side one
"One Day at a Time" – 3:31
"How Is He" – 2:27
"The Rain's Got to Make a Living Too" – 2:45
"When I Said Goodbye" – 3:01
"California" - 2:44

Side two
"When He Loved Me" – 3:29
"Good Love (I Knew I'd Find You)" – 2:10
"Sing Me a Song (To Make Me Happy)" – 2:54
"Burden of Freedom" – 3:36
"Friendship" – 2:46

References

Living people
1944 births
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American gospel singers
People from Northfield, Minnesota
Singer-songwriters from Minnesota
21st-century American women

Marilyn Sellars


Dalius Čekuolis (born 29 March 1959) is a Lithuanian career diplomat who was Lithuania's Permanent Representative to the UN from 2006 to 2012, and since 2019 is Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania. Previously, he served as the President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), a primary organ of the United Nations (2007), Chair of the Third Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All its Aspects (2008), Co-Chairman of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Revitalization of the General Assembly (2010-2011), as well as the Vice-minister of Foreign Affairs and an ambassador of Lithuania to several European countries.

Education
Dailus Čekuolis graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1982.

Diplomatic career
In 1990, Čekuolis became spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania as Head of the Press and Information Department.

In 1992, he became Lithuania's ambassador to Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, a position he held until 1994. From 1994 until 1998 he was ambassador to Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and representative to the Western European Union and NATO's North Atlantic Cooperation Council.

From 1998 to 1999, Čekuolis was Head of the Committee of Senior Officials of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), and from 1999 until 2004, he was Lithuania's ambassador to Portugal. In 2004, he was appointed to the position of Undersecretary of the Foreign Ministry, where he was responsible for security policy.

UN career
Čekuolis became Lithuania's Permanent Representative to the United Nations on 2 March 2006. On 23 March 2006, he was elected as a vice-president of ECOSOC, to fulfill the term of ambassador Gediminas Šerkšnys. On 17 January 2007, he was elected to the one-year Presidency of ECOSOC, succeeding Tunisian Ali Hachani.
In 2008, Čekuolis successfully  chaired the Third Biennial Meeting of States to Consider the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All its Aspects in 2008, co-chaired the Working Group on the Revitalization of the General Assembly in 2010-2011.

United Nations General Assembly presidential election
In 2004, Lithuania informed the UN member states of its decision to apply for the post of the President of the Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly (starting in September 2012) and notified about the decision to submit the candidature of Ambassador Dalius Čekuolis in June 2011 for the 2012 election. On 8 June 2012 he lost the secret ballot in the UN General Assembly to Serbia's Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, receiving the votes of 85 countries, while Jeremić received 99.

References

External links

ECOSOC: President (including image of Čekuolis)

Living people
1959 births
Diplomats from Vilnius
Lithuanian politicians
Ambassadors of Lithuania to Denmark
Ambassadors of Lithuania to Iceland
Ambassadors of Lithuania to Norway
Ambassadors of Lithuania to Belgium
Ambassadors of Lithuania to Luxembourg
Ambassadors of Lithuania to the Netherlands
Ambassadors of Lithuania to Portugal
United Nations Economic and Social Council
Permanent Representatives of Lithuania to the United Nations
Permanent Representatives of Lithuania to NATO

Dalius Čekuolis


The Spell of the Twelve Caves (also called the Wandering of the Soul; ) is an ancient Egyptian funerary text from the New Kingdom. The earliest known copy is on a papyrus found in KV35 the tomb of Amenhotep II, and another copy was inscribed in the Osireion at Abydos under Merenptah. Although the text also appears in some copies of the Book of the Dead, where it is classified as Spell 168, the Egyptologist Alexandre Piankoff treated it as a distinct composition.

The text describes the Duat, or underworld, as a realm divided into twelve caves, much like the twelve hours found in the Amduat and the Book of Gates, two other funerary texts from the early New Kingdom. Each cave is described as containing several groups of deities who grant benefits to the soul of a deceased person, such as enabling the deceased to move freely through the afterlife.

References

Bibliography

External links
Synopsis of the Spell of the Twelve Caves

Funerary texts in ancient Egyptian
Egyptian mythology

Spell of the Twelve Caves


Neil Amwin Treharne Adcock (8 March 1931 – 6 January 2013) was a South African international cricketer who played in 26 Test matches. A tall aggressive fast bowler, he could lift the ball sharply off a length. He was the first South African fast bowler to take 100 Test wickets.

Life
Adcock was born on 8 March 1931 in Sea Point, Cape Town. He made his Test debut in 1953 at home against New Zealand, after only nine first-class games. He finished the series with 24 wickets, including 8 for 87 in his second Test (total for both innings).

Adcock was one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1961. The previous year in South Africa's tour of England he took 26 wickets in the Tests and 108 wickets in total at an average of 14. In doing so he became the only fast bowler to take more than 100 wickets in a tour of England. It was a controversial tour with his bowling partner Geoff Griffin being no-balled for throwing.

After retiring from cricket he became a radio commentator and worked in the travel industry. Neil Adcock was survived by his wife Maureen, his children from his first marriage to Diana (née Devine) Adcock, daughter Susan Dance, his son Alan and three grandchildren.

References

External links

1931 births
2013 deaths
Gauteng cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
South Africa Test cricketers
South African cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
International Cavaliers cricketers
Deaths from cancer in South Africa
South African cricket commentators

Neil Adcock


EWTN—or The Eternal Word Television Network—is a televeesion an radio operation that braidcasts Catholic religious programmin, via satellite, tradeetional braidcast televeesion, shortwave radio an the Internet.

EWTN began in 1981 an transmits 24 oor programmin tae 104 million hames in 110 kintras an 16 regions on cable, satellite, an law-power TV. EWTN offers a wide variety o Catholic themed programmin. This includes Daily Mass fae thair Irondale Monastary/Studios, Talk Shaws sic as EWTN Live an Sunday Evening Live, Daily Rosary, Benediction, lairnin programmes, enterteinment (divert)/variety shaws, bairns' programmin, live coverage o warld Catholic events sic as Bishops' conferences an Papal traivels, Muisic shaws, programmin for younkers, an mair.

In the beginnin
The foonderess o EWTN, Mother Angelica, foondit Our Lady of Angels Monastery naur Birmingham, Alabama an began developin short written releegious teachins. As thae short beuks becam mair kenspeckle, Mither Angelica's fellae nuns leukit at technologie for tae enable warldwide distribution.

Televeesion
Mither Angelica began gittin requests for spaekin engagements, whilk turnt intil a video series o her talks taped at a local Birmingham telly station. Eventually, she biggit a TV studio on monastery property in Irondale, Alabama, a suburb o Birmingham. This developed intil the warldwide braidcast centre that EWTN is nou.

Grawin & Chyngin o EWTN
EWTN signed on in Augist o 1981 wi 4 oors a day o programmin. Thaiy ran The Mass anly on Sundays. Thay makkit "Mother Angelica Live" twa nichts a week. Forby thon thay ran rerins o pre-EWTN Mother Angelica's teaching series an talks. Thay filt the rest o the tyme wi shaws made bi Catholic dioceses athort the kintra. Thay forbye ran Christian drama shaws makkit bi the Lutheran Kirk sic as "This Is Life" an "Patterns For Living", a drama shaw cried "Westbrook Hospital", a few Protestant teachin shaws that wis gree'd tae catholic preenciples, an Christian Bairns' shaws lik "Joy Junction" an "The Sunshine Factory". Naur-haund a third o the time EWTN aired secular shaws sic "Bill Cosby" (fae the late 60's), public domain picturs, twa-three ceukin shaws, an a puckle o wastern shaws.

Initially thay ran the Mass ance ivery sennicht on Sundays. In 1986 EWTN drappit the secular shaws an wis completely releegious at that pynt. In 1987 EWTN wis able tae git a Satellite Chainel fou time an gaed 24 oors a day. At this pynt thay began rinnin the Rosary daily, eikit far mair teaching shows fae athort the kintra. Thay slowly began tae produce mair o thair ain shaws.

In 1991 thay began tae run the Mass daily. Thay an aa increased production tae nearly hauf the day. Thay an aa became mair selective aboot thair programming. Thay began rejectin shaws thay felt wis "too progressive." Thay forbye drappit naur ivery non Catholic makkit shaw. Thay began mixing Latin in the daily an Sunday Mass. Mother Angelica an aa began wearing the aulder teep claedin. Thay chynged thair image tae mair o a traditional leuk an attitude which thay still hae the day. While follaein kirk teaching aw alang, in the past 15 or sae year thay hae leaned mair tradeetional as well as conservative.

Radio
In 1992, EWTN established the lairgest privately owned shortwave radio station in the Birmingham aurie. The station broadcasts Catholic programming 24 oors a day in Inglis an Spaingie. In 1996, EWTN launched a free satellite-delivered AM/FM radio network tae stations warldwide, an aa in Inglis an Spaingie.

In 2004, EWTN annoonced an agreement wi Sirius Satellite Radio, which allous Sirius tae cairy EWTN programming.

News
The EWTN News department produces a daily news service for the television an radio network, featurin news soorces includin Vatican Radio.

EWTN's views on non-Catholics

EWTN hauds strict tae the lear o the Roman Catholic Kirk, sicwice its conceits o nane-Catholic bodies or organisations wad reflect the Kirks's threap on sic maiters. Thay deed believe that Protestants, Orthodox, an non-Christians can an aft dae win salvation foondit on whit thay ken an unnerstaund, tho thay affirm that aw nane-Catholics lacks the hail truith. For mair anent this, see the pairt on Salvation in the airticle anent the Catholic Kirk. EWTN haes a negative view o progressive Catholics that thay tak tae be "Cafeteria Catholics". Mair oot ower thay hae a great disdain for Catholics that disna accept aw the Kirk's teachins.

EWTN haes aye hauden tae the teachins o the Roman Catholic Kirk but at the ootset thay wis gey inclusive an ecumenical in thair foremaist years. In thair programmin thay aye leant tae findin common grund wi ither Christians. Thay ran a braid variety o Catholic produced programmin frae sindry Roman Catholic soorces. This reenged frae Charismatic Muivement programmin sic as Faither Michael Manning tae shaws focusin on social reform an juistice lik Christopher Closeup tae teachin shaws hostit bi sindry priests an bishops some o thir wis on the progressive side. Whan thay haed tae program 24 oor a day an wis wantin the resoorces for tae mak thair ain shaws thay teuk shaws thay wadna e'en conseeder the day. The Mass thay ran wis haily in Inglis an aw.

In the early 1990s EWTN begoud tae produce mair o thair ain shaws. Thay begoud tae rin the Mass ilka day. Thair conceits begoud tae cheenge in response tae progressive conceits athin the Kirk. Thay begous preachin agin "relativism" as weel as fowk that didna follae The Kirk's teachins. Thay begoud tae shaw disdain tae the wey Mass wis bein celebrate in sindry pairishes. Thay argied that mony kirks nae langer celebratit the Mass in a reverent mainer. As an affcome thay begoud tae mixter-maxterin Laitin inta thair ain Masses. Thay still celebratit the Novus Ordo Mass but a few common prayers wad be said in Laitin. Thay cuttit the hymns tae juist the openin an closin sangs an aw. In atween thay uised Gregorian Chant. Mony o thir cheenges reflects the actual instructions o the Seicont Vatican Cooncil, set in the constitution on the liturgy "Sacrosanctum Concilium".

At this pynt Mither Angelica an her order o nuns swappit thair cleidin tae the pre-Vatican II tradeetional habit an aw.

Programming
 Mother Angelica Live
 Daily Mess
 Life on the Rock with Fr. Francis Mary, MFVA
 EWTN Live wi Fr. Mitch Pacwa SJ
 The Journey Home with Marcus Grodi
 The Warld Ower wi Raymond Arroyo - News
 Web Of Faith - Father John Trigilio & Father Robert Levis
 G K Chesterton an Apostle of Common Sense - Dale Aquest
 Household Of Faith Nou We're Catholic - Christie Franklin & Barbara Moss
 Abundant Life - Catholic Answers
 Rosary - Mother Angelica & The Nuns
 Benediction - From Hanceville
 Does The Kirk Still Teach This? - Father Shannon Collins FME
 Sunday Night Live - Father Benedict Groeshel
 Threshold Of Hope - Father Mitch Pacwa SJ

The netwirk forbye airs coverage o Kirk events warldwide, documentaries, muisic specials, the Rosary, an ither devotional segments.

Fremmit Airtins
 EWTN's website

1981 establishments in Alabama
American televeesion networks
Catholic radio stations
Roman Catholic televeesion channels
Roman Catholic televeesion netwirks
Christian media companies
Christian radio stations in the Unitit States
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama
Freemit services (broadcastin)
Media in Birmingham, Alabama
Releegious televeesion stations in the Unitit States
Birmingham
Sirius Satellite Radio channels
Televeesion channels an stations established in 1981

Eternal Word Television Network


Save Our History is a television program sponsored by The History Channel. It is a national history education and preservation program that raises awareness and support for preserving local and national heritage. It partnered with Preserve America, a White House initiative created by Laura Bush on March 3, 2003, to encourage the preservation of the United States' cultural heritage. The show is hosted by Edward Herrmann, and Save Our History: America's Most Endangered 1999 is hosted by Noah Wyle.

In 2006, Save Our History added the Teacher and Student of the Year Awards, given to those who help preserve historical sites in their communities. One of the sites included the first Union Army camp for African Americans in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania during the American Civil War. The other sites were the Mars Train Station in Mars, Pennsylvania and the Strand Theater in Zelienople, Pennsylvania.

References
Save Our History, The History Channel

Historic preservation
History (American TV channel) original programming
American documentary television series

Save Our History


Venison is the meat of a game animal, normally a  elk or deer.

Venison may be eaten as steaks, tenderloins, roasts, sausages, jerky and minced meat. Venison has less fat than similar cuts of beef.  However, like beef, leaner cuts can be tougher as well.  Venison can be kosher.

References

Meat

Venison


Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American writer. His best-known book is The Da Vinci Code.

Dan Brown lives in the United States. His father was a math teacher and his mother was a church organist. Before Dan Brown wrote books, he was an English teacher. Dan Brown's wife, Blythe, is an artist. Sometimes she is known to help him with his books.

Dan Brown also likes to write about codes and secrets. Sometimes he writes about real secrets, but he mostly writes fiction.

Hollywood director Ron Howard made a movie about one of Brown's books. Tom Hanks is the movie's star actor. It was released in theaters in May 2006.

Brown's next book was supposed to be called The Solomon Key, but then the name was changed to The Lost Symbol. When the book The Da Vinci Code came out in the United States, there were some puzzles hidden in the art of the book cover. Brown said that the answers to those puzzles give hints about what would be in his next book. Two of the puzzles are about a famous sculpture called Kryptos, which is in the middle of the CIA Headquarters building in Washington D.C.

This is a list of Dan Brown's books:

 Digital Fortress (1997)
 Angels and Demons (2000)
 Deception Point (2001)
 The Da Vinci Code (2003)
 The Lost Symbol (2009)
Inferno (2013)
Origin (2017)

References

Other websites

 Official Dan Brown website

American novelists
Writers from New Hampshire
1964 births
Living people

Dan Brown


Alessi is a housewares and kitchen utensil company in Italy, manufacturing and marketing everyday items authored by a wide range of designers, architects, and industrial designers — including Achille Castiglioni, Richard Sapper, Alessandro Mendini, Ettore Sottsass, Wiel Arets, Zaha Hadid, Toyo Ito, Tom Kovac, Greg Lynn, MVRDV, Jean Nouvel, UN Studio, Michael Graves, and Philippe Starck. The Alessi company in the UK is worth around £2.4 million.

History

Alessi was founded in 1921 by Giovanni Alessi who was born in Italy and raised in Switzerland. A few years after World War 1, Alessi started with producing a wide range of tableware items in nickel, chromium and silver-plated brass. The company began when Carlo Alessi (born 1916), the son of Giovanni, was named chief designer. Between 1935 and 1945 he developed most of the products Alessi released.

1950s and 1960s
In 1969 the company was under the leadership of Carlo Alessi. It was his brother Luigi who introduced the collaboration with external designers in 1955. With some architects, he designed several items that were created for the hotel needs. He helped introduce many best-sellers, such as the historical series of wire baskets. From 1957 by Luigi Massaroni and Carlo Mazzeri. This was designed in a series with an Ice bucket and Ice tongs as part of the Program 4 for the 11 Triennale in Milan. This was the first time that the Alessi products got shown with manufactured goods. The 1950s were a difficult time as it was only a few years after World War II and many people could not afford to buy designer objects.

1970s and 1980s
In 1970, Alberto Alessi was responsible for the third transformation of the company. Alessi was considered one of the "Italian Design Factories". In this decade under the leadership of Alberto Alessi the company collaborated with some design maestros like Achille Castiglioni, Richard Sapper, Alessandro Mendini, and Ettore Sottsass. In the '70s, Alessi produced the Condiment set (salt, pepper and toothpicks) by Ettore Sottsass, the Espressomaker by Sapper.

The 1980s marked a period in which Italian design factories had to compete with mass production. These movements had a different view on design, for the Italian design factories the design and therefore the designer was the most important part of the process while for the mass production the design had to be functional and easy to be reproduced. Also in the 1980s, they changed their marketing image from factory to industrial research lab, a place for research and production. For Alessi the '80s are marked with some designs like the Two tone kettle by Sapper, their first cutlery set Dry by Castiglioni. Alessi collaborated with new designers like Aldo Rossi, Michael Graves, and Philippe Starck, who have been responsible for the some of Alessi's all time bestsellers like the kettle with a bird whistle by Graves.

Alessi faced increasing competition from other international manufacturers, especially in lower-cost products mass-produced for retailers such as Target Corporation and J. C. Penney.

1990s
In the 1990s, Alessi started to work more with plastics, at the request of designers who found it an easier material to work with than metal, offering more design freedom and innovative possibilities. The 1990s were marked by the theme "Family Follows Fiction", with playful and imaginative objects. Artists designing for this theme included Stefano Giovannoni and Alessandro Mendini, who designed Fruit Mama and the bestseller Anna G. Metal still remained a popular material, for example the Girotondo family by King Kong.

2000s
During the 2000s, Alessi collaborated with several architects for its "coffee and tea towers," with a new generation of architects such as Wiel Arets, Zaha Hadid, Toyo Ito, Tom Kovac, Greg Lynn, MVRDV, Jean Nouvel, and UN Studio. These sets had a limited production of 99 copies. Another remarkable design in the 2000s is the Blow Up series by Fratelli Campana. The brothers played with form and shape to create baskets and other objects that look like they would fall apart when touched.

In 2006, the company reclassified its products under three lines: "A di Alessi", "Alessi",  and "Officina Alessi".  A di Alessi is more "democratic" and more "pop", the lower price range of Alessi. Officina Alessi is more exclusive, innovative, and experimental, marked by small batch production series and limited series.

Alessi products are on display in museums worldwide like Museum of Modern Art (New York), Metropolitan Museum of Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, Pompidou Centre, and Stedelijk Museum Italy. A collaboration with the National Palace Museum of Taiwan produced a collection of various kitchenware products with Asian themes.

Designers and their designs

From 1945 until today, Alessi has collaborated with designers and even other brands or companies for their products. Some key designs and their designers:
 1945 Bombé tea and coffee service by Carlo Alessi Anghini
 1978 Condiment set (salt, pepper and toothpicks) by Ettore Sottsass
 1979 Programma 5 barware by Ettore Sottsass
 1979 9090 espresso maker by Richard Sapper. This design won the first Compasso d'Oro award for Alessi.
 1982 Dry flatware/cutlery by Achille Castiglioni the first cutlery produced by Alessi
 1983 Bollitore whistling water kettle by Richard Sapper. Alessi's first "designer kettle", with a whistle whose pipe sings two tones, mi and si, in harmony
 1984 La Conica by Aldo Rossi. This was Rossi's first mass-production design and its image earned immediate success for the then-new Officina Alessi brand, as well as becoming a 1980s design symbol. Therefore, it was soon to be followed by more Rossi designs in this theme.
 1985 Kettle by Michael Graves. The Graves' kettle is known for its singing bird when the water boils. Followed by matching products like a sugar bowl and a creamer, also designed by Graves. This product has sold the greatest number of units in the history of the company.
 1987 Nuovo Milano cutlery set designed by Ettore Sottsass with assistance of Alberto Gozzi. Won XVIth Compasso d'oro award in 1991.
 1988 Pito kettle by Frank Gehry
 1989 Girotondo family by King-Kong
 1989 Hot Bertaa kettle by Philippe Starck
 1990 Juicy Salif by Philippe Starck
 1993 Fruit Mama by Stefano Giovannoni. The first design for the Family Follows Fiction series; noteworthy for its aesthetic juxtaposition of plastic and stainless steel.
 1994 Anna G corkscrew by Alessandro Mendini. A best seller since it was first produced, with its smiling face, it engendered the Anna family of related objects for the table and kitchen.
 1995 Mary Biscuit by Stefano Giovannoni. Biscuit or cookie container.
 1997 Nono di Antonio garlic crusher by Guido Venturini
 2004 Blow Up range of baskets and citrus holders by Fratelli Campana
 2006 Kaj watch by Karim Rashid
 2013 Dressed dinnerware and flatware by Marcel Wanders
 2015 Collo Alto cutlery set by Inga Sempé
 2017 Forma cheese grater by Zaha Hadid

Critical reception
Although Alessi is credited with introducing many iconic design objects, critics have also complained about items designed for everyday household use, which do not perform their basic functions well.

See also
Neapolitan flip coffee pot
Chiara Luzzana

References

External links

 Alessi website
 Interviews with Alessi Designers website
 History of Alessi website

Design companies of Italy
Kitchenware brands
Italian brands
Companies based in Omegna
Design companies established in 1921
Manufacturing companies established in 1921
Italian companies established in 1921
Home appliance brands
B Lab-certified corporations

Alessi (Italian company)


Thomas Denning DeLeone (August 13, 1950 – May 22, 2016) was an American football center who played 13 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), with the Cleveland Browns and Cincinnati Bengals.  He grew up in Kent, Ohio and graduated from Theodore Roosevelt High School in 1968, where he was on the football, basketball, and track teams.  He played college football at Ohio State University, where he was a starting center and an All-Big Ten and first-team All-American selection.  He later went on to work as a criminal investigator with  the U.S. Department of the Treasury rising to a Senior Special Agent position within the U.S. Customs Service.  He worked in the US Customs Service, and he was a member of the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force in Salt Lake City, Utah, during the 2002 Olympic Games in Park City, Utah.  In 2003, The U.S. Customs Service became a part of the newly created Department of Homeland Security and he retired from Immigration and Customs Enforcement in 2007.  He is a 2002 inductee of the Ohio State University Football Hall of Fame and a 2003 inductee of the Kent City Schools Hall of Fame.

DeLeone, a key member of the 1980 Cleveland Browns Kardiac Kids, died on May 22, 2016, at his home in Park City, Utah following a five-year battle with brain cancer. He was 65. DeLeone was married, with three children. His middle child, Dean DeLeone, played football for Arizona State.

Before his death, he worked as a substitute teacher at Park City High School and Treasure Mountain International School in Park City, where he had also volunteered as an assistant coach on the football team, sharing his love of football with the young students he coached and mentored.

DeLeone was one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is caused by repeated hits to the head.

References

1950 births
2016 deaths
Players of American football from Ohio
American football centers
Cincinnati Bengals players
Cleveland Browns players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Sportspeople from Kent, Ohio
United States Customs Service personnel
Deaths from brain cancer in the United States

Tom DeLeone


Cockshoot Broad is a   nature reserve north-east of Norwich in Norfolk. It is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust. It is part of the Bure Broads and Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest, and the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area, and The Broads Special Area of Conservation. It is also part of the Bure Marshes National Nature Reserve
and Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I.

The water quality of this broad is very high and it has large beds of water lilies, which provide a habitat for many insects, including red eyed and variable damselflies.

Access to the boardwalk through the site is by boat only.

References

Norfolk Wildlife Trust

Cockshoot Broad


The B-52 Stratofortress is a bomber which, with in-air refueling, can fly long distances to reach targets anywhere in the world. The B-52 can carry up to 70000 lbs of bombs and weapons in its large bomb bays, and on wing hard points.

This airplane is one of the most significant in modern aviation history on several levels. It was created in 1948 as a strategic nuclear bomber, and first flew in the early 1950s. The B-52 fought its first war, under the code name of "Arc Light" in Vietnam from 1965 through 1973. The B-52 is a direct ancestor of many of the airliners which have made Boeing Aircraft, one of the most successful privately owned aerospace company in the world. The B-52 will stay in military service until around 2040. It is not clear what will replace it as the United States Air Force's main strategic bomber.

Boeing aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft

Boeing B-52 Stratofortress


Tomás de la Cerda y Aragón, 3rd Marquess of la Laguna de Camero Viejo, GE, KOA (in full, ), (24 December 1638 – 22 April 1692), was a Spanish nobleman, viceroy of Galicia and of New Spain from 1680 to 1686. He is better known as the Count of Paredes, though he held this title only as consort.

Early life
Don Tomás de la Cerda was born in Cogolludo, Spain, to an illustrious Spanish family with longstanding military and political connections. He was the 4th child of Don Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli, and of Doña Ana Portocarrero, 5th Duchess of Alcalá. In 1675, he married Doña María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga, 11th Countess of Paredes, with whom he had three children. In 1679, he was appointed viceroy of Galicia but never assumed the position, as he was almost immediately re-appointed to the more important of viceroy of New Spain.

As viceroy of New Spain
Don Tomás de la Cerda  was named viceroy of New Spain to replace Archbishop Payo Enríquez de Rivera. He made his formal entry into Mexico City on 30 November 1680 and took charge of the government.

Triumphal Arches in his Honor
Two triumphal arches to welcome the new viceroy were commissioned. One was designed by seventeenth-century savant and professor at the University of Mexico Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora and the other by nun and acclaimed poet, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Their selection for this high honor was important for both, since they were of somewhat marginal status, Sigüenza as a failed Jesuit, Sor Juana as a woman of illegitimate birth. Sigüenza was a creole patriot, "who sought to endow the imperial city of Mexico with both a distinguished past and a glorious present," He published an explanation of the themes of his triumphal arch for the new viceroy, "The Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler, Observed in the Ancient Monarchs of the Mexican Empire, Whose Effigies Adorn the Arch Erected by the Very Noble Imperial City of Mexico".  The structure included niches for the Aztec monarchs of Mexico along with the Aztec god Huitzilopochtli to indicate to the viceroy that Mexico had a royal history prior to its becoming New Spain. Sor Juana's arch took the allegorical theme of Neptune. The title of her explanatory publication was "Allegorical Neptune, Ocean of Colors, Political Simulacrum, Erected by the Noble, Holy, and August Metropolitan Church of Mexico City, in the Magnificent Allegorical Concepts of a Triumphal Arch Solicitously Consecrated and Lovingly Dedicated to the Joyful Entrance of the Most Excellent Don Tomás Antonio de la Cerda, Count of Paredes, Marquess de la Laguna, Viceroy, Governor, and Captain General of Our New Spain".  Choosing the theme of "allegorical Neptune" might be her allusion to the viceroy's noble title Marquess de la Laguna (marquess of the lake) and "the arch was a model of the virtues of kings and princes such as Neptune and the Viceroy."The viceroy became a patron of Sor Juana, continuing the practice dating from the viceroy, the Marquis of Mancera.

Pueblo Indian Revolt of 1680
During his term of office, 25,000 Pueblo Indians in 24 pueblos of New Mexico rose against the Spanish and known as the Pueblo Revolt or Popé's Revolt (after the name of the leader). The Indians killed all the Europeans they encountered, among them colonists, soldiers and missionaries. Twenty-one Franciscan missionaries were killed on 10 August 1680. The Indians mounted a surprise attack on Santa Fe, capital of the province. When this failed, they besieged the town for ten days. The Spanish who were able to escape made their way to Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua), where they took refuge. Not until 12 years later did the Spaniards successfully reconquer the area.

The viceroy repopulated the town of Santa Fe with 300 Spanish and mestizo families, giving it the title of city (ciudad), the highest title for a settlement. In 1681 he sent a force of cavalry to Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain to pursue the rebel Indians, but they refused to give battle. He also enlarged the garrisons of the region.

Otondo expedition
In 1681 Tomás de la Cerda Manrique de Lara sent another expedition to California, this one under the command of Captain Isidro Otondo. The expedition was charged with conquering the Indians and colonizing the territory. They explored the coast of Baja California as far as La Paz, and then returned to port in Navidad, Jalisco. In this expedition were three Jesuit missionaries, among them Father Eusebio Kino, from southern Germany, and later famous as a missionary, explorer and colonizer of Baja California, Sonora and Arizona. Kino had just arrived in New Spain, on 3 May 1681, was briefly friendly with Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora when he arrived in the capital, but published a scathing dismissal on religious grounds of Sigüenza's scientific views on the comet of 1680. Sigüenza's publication was dedicated to the wife of the viceroy, the Marchioness of La Laguna. Kino's rejection of Sigüenza's views were dedicated to the viceroy himself. Kino had come to New Spain as a missionary. Like the previous expeditions, this one was unsuccessful. It lasted three years and cost 225,000 pesos.

Capture of Veracruz
On 17 May 1683 the pirate Lorencillo with 800 men attacked Veracruz. Insufficiently garrisoned, the port fell. The inhabitants were shut up in the churches while the pirates sacked the city. They held it from 17 May to 23 May 1683. When Spanish forces arrived at Veracruz to do battle, the pirates quickly took to the sea. They left with enormous quantities of merchandise and 1,500 hostages. The booty was subsequently estimated at 7 million pesos. After leaving Veracruz, the pirates went on to attack Campeche and Yucatán.

El tapado
On 22 May 1683, Antonio Benavides, marques de San Vicente disembarked at Veracruz. Better known subsequently as the impostor El Tapado, he claimed to be visitador general (royal inspector) and governor of New Spain appointed by Queen Regent Mariana of Austria. He was arrested at Cuetlaxcoapa (Puebla), accused of being one of Lorencillo's pirates. From there he was taken to Mexico City in chains. On 12 July 1684 he was conducted to the scaffold, but when he appeared there was an eclipse of the sun. Although the people viewed this as Heaven's displeasure at the execution of an innocent, he was executed anyway.

Later life
Viceroy's de la Cerda's term was extended three years by king Charles II. On 16 November 1686 he turned over authority to his successor, Melchor Portocarrero, 3rd Count of Monclova. The viceroy and his wife, María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga, had a friendly relationship with the great Mexican poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.

In 1689 in Spain he became a member of the Council of the Indies and a Grandee of Spain. Later he was majordomo to queen Mariana of Austria. He died on 22 April 1692 in Madrid.

Additional information

Sources

References

1638 births
1692 deaths
Viceroys of New Spain
Tomas 03
Spanish colonial governors and administrators
Tomas 03
Knights of the Order of Alcántara
Grandees of Spain

Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquess of la Laguna de Camero Viejo


Yulia Vladimirovna Barsukova (Russian Ю́лия Влади́мировна Барсуко́ва,) December 31, 1979, Moscow,Russia) is a Russian former rhythmic gymnast. She won the all-around gold medal at the Sydney Olympics. She left gymnastic to pursue a career in couple figure skating alongside her ex-husband and soon left the sport and gave birth to a child in 2008.

Russian gymnasts
1979 births
Living people

Yulia Barsukova


Metropolitan Laurus (, secular name Vasily Mikhaylovich Shkurla, , or Vasiľ Škurla in Slovakian; January 1, 1928 – March 16, 2008) was First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR), the fifth cleric to hold that position. Born in Czechoslovakia, he emigrated to the United States in 1946 after World War II with brothers from his monastery. They joined the Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York, established in 1928 by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia.

Father Laurus was ordained to the priesthood in 1954 and advanced within the church. Late in his life, after the fall of the Soviet Union, he negotiated the fourth ROCOR agreement, which reunited ROCOR to the Russian Orthodox Patriarchate based in Moscow. In 2007 he participated in a joint celebration of the Divine Liturgy with the Patriarch of Moscow at Christ the Saviour Cathedral in Moscow.

Life
Vasiľ Škurla was born on January 1, 1928, in the Rusyn-inhabited village of Ladomirová, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), to Rusyn-Slovak Michal Ivanovič and Elena Michalovna Škurla. His family was Orthodox Christian in an area of the former Sáros County of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that was strongly influenced by Roman Catholicism. He was baptised by archimandrite Vitaly (Maximenko).

When he was five, Vasiľ began serving at the altar of the Church of Monastery of St. Job of Pochaev in Ladomirová, which was the parish church for the local Orthodox population. At the age of eight, young Vasiľ approached the abbot of the monastery, Archimandrite Seraphim (Ivanov), to request being accepted as a novice. In 1939, at the age of eleven, Vasiľ gained his father's permission to join the monastery. He began to participate fully in the monastery life while continuing his required secondary education. He continued the higher grades of secondary education, traveling by bicycle to and from school in the local town of Svidník. On a daily basis, he rose at 4.00 a.m. for the Midnight Office and took part in the other Divine Services.

As the Red Army approached in 1944 during World War II, the brotherhood evacuated the monastery. They moved first to Bratislava, and then on to Germany and Switzerland, as they knew the Orthodox Church had been suppressed in the Soviet Union. While in Geneva, at the age of sixteen, Vassily became a novice. In 1946, after the war, the brotherhood, including Vasiľ, emigrated to the United States.

They joined Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York, established in 1928 by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR). At Jordanville, Vasiľ joined the first class of Holy Trinity Seminary, graduating in 1947 while still a novice. In March 1948, Vasiľ was one of three novices who were tonsured ryassophore monks, being given the monastic name 'Laurus.' In 1949, Monk Laurus was tonsured to the small schema and then ordained to the diaconate that same year. In 1954, he was ordained to the priesthood. Fr. Laurus was elevated to igumen in 1959. In 1966, he was elevated to archimandrite.

In 1967 Laurus was elected to the episcopate, being consecrated bishop of Manhattan at the Synodal Cathedral of the Theotokos of the Sign in New York City. With this elevation came an assignment as secretary of the Synod of Bishops.

In 1976 Laurus was elected abbot of Holy Trinity Monastery. He was also appointed as Bishop of Syracuse and Holy Trinity by the Synod of Bishops. In the following years, Laurus traveled and led many pilgrimages throughout the Orthodox Christian world, including to Israel and Mount Athos. In 1981, he was elevated to archbishop.

In October 2001, after the retirement of Metropolitan Vitaly (Ustinov), Archbishop Laurus was elected by the Synod of Bishops as metropolitan of Eastern America and New York and the first hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

Between May 6 and May 14, 2006, Laurus chaired the fourth All-Diaspora Council of ROCOR. By that time, the Soviet Union had fallen and the Russian Orthodox Church began to operate openly again in Russia. The Council gave approval for reconciliation and normalization of relations with the Moscow Patriarchate.

On May 17, 2007 Laurus, with many of the clergy of ROCOR, participated in the signing of the Act of Canonical Communion in Moscow, Russia. He participated in a joint celebration of the Divine Liturgy with the Patriarch of Moscow at Christ the Saviour Cathedral in Moscow. This historic occasion brought together the churches which had long been separated.

Metropolitan Laurus died aged 80, in the Holy Trinity Monastery, Jordanville, on March 16, 2008. He was buried on March 21 alongside previous leaders of the Russian Church Abroad at Holy Trinity Monastery's cemetery.

He was succeeded as First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia by Metropolitan Hilarion (Kapral).

References

External links

 Metropolitan Laurus (Vassily Skurla)
 The article uses Laurus_(Skurla)_of_New_York of the Orthodox Wiki which is distributed with the GFDL license
 BLESSED JUBILEE: Towards the 50th Anniversary of His Eminence Metropolitan Laurus' Pastoral Service
 Photos of the Funeral
 Victor Lochmatow Fr. "Metropolitan Laurus Led the Church by His Humility"

Primates of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
1928 births
2008 deaths
People from Svidník District
20th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
21st-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Slovakia
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
American people of Rusyn descent
American people of Slovak descent
Russian Orthodox Christians from the United States

Laurus (Škurla)


John I, Lord of Mecklenburg, nicknamed the Theologian ( – 1 August 1264) was Lord of Mecklenburg from 1234 until his death.

Life
He was the eldest son of Henry Borwin II, Lord of Mecklenburg.

He ruled Mecklenburg jointly with his brothers, until they decided to divide the territory in 1234.  As the eldest son, he received the ancestral homeland.  In 1227, he defeated the Danish in the Battle of Bornhöved, thereby relieving Mecklenburg from Danish suzerainty.  However, Saxe-Lauenburg and Holstein then began claiming suzerainty over Mecklenburg and he had to wage war against them to retain his sovereignty.
In 1255, his brother Pribislaw I lost his Lordship of Parchim-Richenberg after a conflict with Bishop Rudolph I of Schwerin.  Pribislaw was taken prisoner by the bishop and his brothers divided his territory between themselves, with John I receiving Sternberg.

John I supported the Church and the settlement of ethnic Germans in Mecklenburg, which was still predominantly Slavic during his reign.  In 1262, he concluded an alliance with the Guelphs against Denmark.

He died in 1264 was buried in the Doberan Minster.

Marriage and issue
John I married Luitgard of Henneberg (1210-1267), the daughter of Count Poppo VII of Henneberg.  With her he had the following children:
 Henry I, nicknamed "the Pilgrim"
 Albert I, co-ruler from 1264 or 1265
 Herman, Dean of Schwerin
 Elizabeth, married to Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe
 Nicholas III, canon in Lübeck, was co-regent from 1275 to 1283, when Henry I was in captivity in Egypt
 Poppo, died before 1264
 John II, co-regent from 1264 to 1283

External links

 Genealogical table of the House of Mecklenburg

Lords of Mecklenburg
1211 births
1264 deaths
13th-century German nobility
Year of birth uncertain

John I, Lord of Mecklenburg


Fisher Aubrey Tull, Jr. (September 23, 1934 – August 23, 1994), known professionally as Fisher A. Tull, aka Mickey Tull, was an American composer, arranger, educator, administrator, and trumpeter.

Life and career
Tull was born in Waco, Texas, where he attended public schools.  He eventually earned three degrees from the University of North Texas:  a B.M. in music education (1956), a M.M. in music theory (1957), and a Ph.D. in music composition (1965).  He studied trumpet with John Haynie and composition with Samuel Adler.  While an undergraduate, he played trumpet in and arranged for various jazz and dance bands, including the University of North Texas Lab Bands.

In 1957 Tull became a faculty member at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas, serving as Chairman of the Department of Music since 1965.

Tull entered into serious composition beginning in the early 1960s.  His works are generally tonal but harmonically adventurous and rhythmically vigorous, and show a strong influence of Medieval and Renaissance music.  His catalog of compositions include over 80 published works for orchestra, band, chorus, and chamber ensemble, although he is known particularly for his works for concert band, brass, and percussion ensemble. Most of his works are published by Boosey & Hawkes (with which he was on contract since 1974) and Southern Music Company, with other works available from Western International Music, Ludwig Publishing Company, TRN, and the International Trombone Association Manuscript Press.

Tull died in Huntsville, Texas.  On July 13, 1996 the Fisher A. Tull Memorial Gazebo was dedicated in downtown Huntsville.

Selected works
Prelude and Double Fugue
Studies in Motion
Cryptic Essay
The Final Covenant
Jargon After William Billings
Liturgical Symphony
 Swing Board
 March for Tripod
Sketches on a Tudor Psalm
Sonata for Trumpet and Piano
Three Bagatelles
Segments
Concerto Grosso
The Binding
Sonatine for percussion ensemble (1971)
Rhapsody for Trumpet and Winds (1980)
Jargon (After William Billings) (1976)

References

Byrd, Richard William (1992). "A Stylistic Analysis of the Solo and Chamber Music of Fisher A. Tull." Ph.D. dissertation. Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky.

Discography
Sam Houston State University Symphonic Band and Wind Ensemble, Ralph L. Mills, Conductor (1981).  The Compositions of Fisher A. Tull, v. 2.  LP.  Golden Crest Records.

External links
Official Fisher Tull website
Fisher Tull biography
Fisher Tull list of compositions
Fisher Tull discography
Fisher Aubrey Tull, Jr., "An Analysis of the Works for Solo Trumpet by Alan Hovhaness" (Masters Thesis, 1957) University of North Texas Digital Library

20th-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
1934 births
1994 deaths
Musicians from Waco, Texas
Pupils of Samuel Adler (composer)
Sam Houston State University faculty
University of North Texas College of Music alumni
Distinguished Service to Music Medal recipients
American classical trumpeters
American male trumpeters
20th-century trumpeters
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from Texas
20th-century American male musicians

Fisher Tull


Constantine von Schäzler (b. at Ratisbon, 7 May 1827; d. at Interlaken, 9 September 1880) was a German Jesuit theologian.

Life
By birth and training a Protestant, he was a pupil at the Protestant gymnasium St. Anna of Ratisbon; took the philosophical course at the University of Erlangen in 1844–45; then studied law at Munich, 1845–47, and at Heidelberg, 1847–48. After this he decided to enter military life and became a Bavarian officer; in 1850, however, he left the army, received the degree of Doctor of Laws at Erlangen, and took up the practice of law.

He entered the Catholic Church at Brussels on 10 October 1850, and began the study of theology. At Leuven in 1851 he entered the Society of Jesus. After completing the studies he was ordained to the priesthood at Liège on 11 September 1856. In 1857 he left the Jesuits and went on with his studies at Munich where in 1859 he took the degree of Doctor of Theology.

In 1861 he became a tutor in the seminary at Osnabrück; in 1862 privatdozent in the history of dogma at Freiburg; in 1866 archiepiscopal councillor. During the First Vatican Council (1869–70) he was at Rome as theologian to Bishop Josef Fessler; in 1873 he settled at Rome; in 1874 he was made a domestic prelate and was employed as consultor to various congregations. Shortly before his death he re-entered the Society of Jesus.

Works
Schäzler was a prominent representative of Thomism. He was the author of the following works:

"Die Lehre von der Wirksamkeit der Sakramente ex opere operato in ihrer Entwicklung innerhalb der Scholastik und ihrer Bedeutung für die christliche Heilslehre dargestellt" (Munich, 1860);
"Natur und Uebernatur. Das Dogma von der Gnade und die theologische Frage der Gegenwart. Eine Kritik der Kuhn'schen Theologie" (Mainz, 1865);
"Neue Untersuchungen über das Dogma von der Gnade und das Wesen des christlichen Glaubens" (Mainz, 1867) (these last two works belong to the controversy that Schäzler carried on with Johannes von Kuhn);
"Das Dogma von der Menschenwerdung Gottes, im Geiste hes hl Thomas dargestellt" (Freiburg, 1870);
"Die päpstliche Unfehlbarkeit aus dem Wesen der Kirche bewiesen. Eine Erklärung der ersten dogmatischen Constitution des vaticanischen Conncils über die Kirche Christi" (Freiburg, 1870);
"Divus Thomas Doctor angelicus contra Liberalismum invictus veritatis catholicae assertor" (Rome, 1874);
"Introductio in s. theologiam dogmaticam ad mentem D. Thomae Aquinatis", a posthumous work ed. by Thomas Esser (Ratisbon, 1882);
"Die Bedeutung der Dogmengeschichte vom katholischen Standpunkt aus erortert", ed. Thomas Esser (Ratisbon, 1884).

References

Sources
Bruck, Geschichte der kathol. Kirche in Deutschland im XIX. Jahrhundert, III (Mainz, 1896), 329–31;
Hugo von Hurter, Nomenclator, III (1895), 1226 sq.;
Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, XXX, 649–51.

1827 births
1880 deaths
19th-century German Catholic theologians
19th-century German Jesuits
German military officers
19th-century German male writers
Jesuit theologians
German male non-fiction writers

Constantine von Schäzler


Polychaetes, or bristle worms, are a class of annelid worms.

They are generally found in a marine environment. There are more than 10,000 known species in this class. They are ancient animals, dating back to 518 million years ago. They are first found in the early Cambrian fossil beds of Sirius Passet in Greenland.

Each of their body segments has some fleshy protrusions that stand out. These 'parapodia' have many bristles, which are made of chitin. This is different from the Oligochaeta, which are similar in form, but only have a few bristles.

Common species are the lugworm, and the clam worm Nereis (which is sometimes also called a 'sandworm').

Description
Polychaetes are segmented worms, generally less than  in length, although ranging at the extremes from  to . They are often brightly coloured, and may be iridescent or even luminescent.

Each segment bears a pair of paddle-like parapodia, which are used for movement. In many species, the parapodia, well supplied with blood vessels, act as the worm's primary respiratory surfaces. Bundles of bristles  stick out from the parapodia.

Some bristle worms have poison bristles. The bristles will break off in the skin of a predator that tries to pick up the animal and sting the predator painfully.

The head, or prostomium, is relatively well developed, compared with other annelids. It is forward over the mouth, which lies on the animal's underside. The head normally includes two to four pair of eyes, although there are some blind species. These eyes are fairly simple structures, capable of distinguishing between light and dark. Some species have large eyes with lenses that may be capable of real vision.

The head also includes a pair of antennae, tentacle-like palps, and a pair of pits lined with cilia, known as "nuchal organs". These latter appear to be chemoreceptors which help the worm seek out food.

Ecology
Polychaetes vary in form and lifestyle. Most burrow or build tubes in the sediment, some swim among the plankton, and some live as commensals. A few are parasitic.

The mobile forms tend to have well-developed sense organs and jaws, while the stationary forms lack them, but may have specialized gills or tentacles used for respiration and deposit or filter feeding, e.g., fanworms.

A few groups have evolved to live in terrestrial environments, but are restricted to humid areas. Some have even evolved tubes that open inwards from the skin which work like simple lungs, absorbing oxygen from the air and allowing release of waste gases.

Notable polychaetes
 One notable polychaete, the Pompeii worm (Alvinella pompejana) is endemic to the hydrothermal vents of the Pacific Ocean. Pompeii worms are among the most heat-tolerant metazoan animals known.
 A recently discovered genus, Osedax, includes a species nicknamed the "bone-eating snot flower".
 Another remarkable polychaete is Hesiocaeca methanicola, which lives on methane clathrate deposits.
 Lamellibrachia luymesi is a cold seep tube worm which reaches lengths of over 3 meters, and may be the most long-lived animal at over 250 years old.
 A still unclassified multi-legged predatory polychaete worm was identified only by observation from the underwater vehicle Nereus at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the greatest depth in the oceans, near 10,902 m (35,768 ft) depth. It was about an inch long visually, but the probe failed to capture it, so it could not be studied in detail.
 Eunice aphroditois is a sea-floor predator which catches and eats fish bigger than itself.

Bristle worm diet
Most bristle worms are scavengers, but some are good predators, eating fishes and coral. Others like to eat algae. They are usually found hiding in reefs and rocky places. They crawl along the sea floor or the bottom of a tide pool, looking for something to eat.

References

Annelids
Extremophiles

Polychaete


Monroe Mark Sweetland (January 20, 1910 – September 10, 2006) was an American politician in the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly starting in 1953 for a total of ten years. A Democrat, he also twice ran and lost bids to serve as the Oregon Secretary of State and was a Democratic National Committeeman. Sweetland later served on the staff of the National Education Association, supporting passage of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968.

Early life
Monroe Sweetland was born on January 20, 1910, in Salem, Oregon. His father, Dr. G. J. Sweetland, was a doctor who also served as athletic director at Willamette University. When Sweetland was two, the family moved to Michigan where he remained until college. At the age of 11 in 1922 he and a friend organized a city caucus to elect candidates after learning that none had been scheduled. Sweetland graduated from Wittenberg College in Springfield, Ohio, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1930. He then entered law school at Syracuse University and later Cornell University. In 1931, he married Lillie Megrath whom he met in law school. They had two daughters, Barbara and Rebecca.

Political career
In the early 1930s, Sweetland was as an activist in the Socialist Party and a field organizer for the Student League for Industrial Democracy. He supported Norman Thomas, Socialist for president and SLID activist, in his 1932 campaign. In 1935, Sweetland and his family returned to Oregon to work as the executive director of the Oregon Commonwealth Federation (OCF), a liberal organization whose goals included public power, increased membership in labor unions, civil rights, and social security. Sweetland at that time left the Socialist Party to become a Democrat. The OCF helped engineer the defeat of conservative Democratic Governor Charles Martin in 1938. The winner of the primary, Henry Hess, was defeated in the general election, but the primary victory emboldened Sweetland and other liberals, who saw moderate Republican Governor Charles Sprague as an improvement over Martin.

Sweetland held federal and labor-relations appointments between 1940 and 1943 and then joined the American Red Cross, serving in the Pacific theater of operations for two years. It was during this time that he became acquainted with fellow Oregon Democrat Howard Morgan, who would, upon war's end, help Sweetland organize Democratic victories in Oregon.

In 1948 Sweetland was elected as a Harry Truman delegate, as well as Oregon Democratic National Committeeman, thereby successfully wresting control of the Democratic Party from a reactionary "Dixiecrat" element and becoming the highest ranking Democratic official in the state. This position made him the figure consulted by President Truman regarding federal appointments in Oregon. During the ensuing eight years, under Sweetland's leadership, the modern progressive Oregon Democratic Party emerged, with victories in the governorship, both houses of Congress, and in the Oregon State Legislature. One of the primary goals of the Oregon Democratic Party during those years was the creation of the Columbia Valley Authority (CVA), a national public power entity modeled on the Tennessee Valley Authority. Although many in the Pacific Northwest favored the creation of the CVA, conservative Democrats like former Oregon Governor Oswald West and most Republicans opposed and defeated the idea of the creation of the CVA. West, viewed as a progressive governor from 1911 to 1914, later worked as a lobbyist for a large utility, and became a public critic of Sweetland, erroneously accusing him and other liberal Democrats such as federal judge and former Oregon Commonwealth Federation member Gus J. Solomon of having Communist affiliations.

Elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1952 to represent District 7 from Milwaukie, Sweetland was the first Democrat in two decades to win a seat from Clackamas County in the lower chamber house. He won election to the Oregon State Senate in 1954 and re-election in 1958 to a second four-year term, spending a total of ten years in the legislature. Sweetland wanted to run for U.S. Congress in Oregon's 3rd Congressional district in 1954, but was dissuaded by some Democratic peers, including Howard Morgan and State Senator Richard Neuberger, who feared that, especially during the time of "McCarthyism", Sweetland's past Socialist ties would result in his defeat and that of other Democrats just as the party was beginning its rise. Sweetland decided to not run, and, in the fall, Democrat Edith Green won election in the 3rd Congressional District, while Neuberger won a close race for U.S. Senate, becoming the first Democrat elected to that position from Oregon in four decades.

Sweetland ran for secretary of state in 1956, losing narrowly to fellow State Senator Mark Hatfield. However, the years of organizing by Sweetland, Morgan and others, combined with public support for public power, resulted in a Democratic sweep in Oregon. Senator Wayne Morse, a Republican turned Independent, was courted by Morgan and pushed more aggressively by Sweetland to join the Democratic party, and Morse registered as a Democrat in 1955. Morse easily defeated former Oregon Republican governor and Eisenhower Interior Secretary Douglas McKay in the 1956 election. Robert Holmes won a special election for governor. Edith Green was re-elected in the 3rd Congressional District, while Charles O. Porter won in the 4th Congressional District and Al Ullman, a strong CVA advocate, won in the 2nd Congressional District and would serve 24 years in Congress. The Democrats, who had been such a minority in the Oregon Legislature that people joked the party could caucus in a phone booth, won majorities in both the Oregon House and Senate for the first time since 1878.

In 1960, Sweetland again ran for secretary of state and lost, this time to Howell Appling, who had been appointed by Hatfield as his successor upon Hatfield's election as governor in 1958. During his years as a part-time Oregon legislator, Sweetland was a newspaper publisher in Milwaukie (his home), while also owning papers in Newport, and Molalla. While in the legislature he worked to turn what was then Portland State College into a full university to better serve Portland, for which he was honored with the President's Award from the school in 1995. Sweetland also worked to lower the voting age to 18 from 21. Additionally, he sponsored legislation to provide scholarships for Oregonians to attend state universities. His last session in the legislature was representing then District 11 in the Oregon Senate during the 1961 session.

As a prominent Democrat in one of the few states to hold presidential primaries at that time, Sweetland was contacted by candidates such as Adlai Stevenson, W. Averell Harriman, Estes Kefauver and their staffs. Despite his great admiration for the more liberal Senator Hubert Humphrey, Sweetland chose to support Senator John F. Kennedy for the 1960 Democratic Presidential nomination. Sweetland appeared with Kennedy on many of his visits to Oregon in 1959/60, was a paid Kennedy campaign organizer, and was elected as a delegate on the 1960 Democratic primary ballot. Oregon's support for Kennedy over Morse (Humphrey had dropped out of the race by then) made Sweetland and the others automatic Kennedy delegates per the state's winner-take-all rules at the time. Kennedy won the nomination, but upset Sweetland and other liberals by picking the runner-up, Senator Lyndon Johnson, as his running mate.

In 1963, Sweetland taught journalism at a college in Indonesia, a country that had fascinated him since meeting Indonesians during World War II.

Later life
He and his family moved to San Mateo, California, in 1965, where Sweetland served as the National Education Association (NEA) representative to 13 states in the west until mandatory retirement in 1975. In that role he advocated the use of federal money to provide support to schools to encourage them to teach English as a second language in certain situations. This led to the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, which he considered his most important contribution.

After leaving the NEA he founded Western Wilderness Products, in San Mateo where he worked gathering rare plants until 1994. Sweetland's wife died in 1985. Sweetland returned to Oregon in 1994 and spent his final years as an elder statesman, including an unsuccessful run for his old state senate seat at age 88 in 1998. By that time he was legally blind, and in the election he lost to his friend, moderate Republican Verne Duncan for District 12.  Sweetland was very active in organizations such as the Democratic Party of Oregon, The City Club of Portland, and the Wayne Morse Historical Park in Eugene. He often took a Metro bus from near his home in Milwaukie to downtown Portland, navigating the downtown streets by himself. Monroe Sweetland died on September 10, 2006, at the age of 96 in Milwaukie. Duncan delivered a eulogy at Sweetland's memorial service, as did Governor Ted Kulongoski. Toward the end of his life, a scholarship was established in Sweetland's name at Portland State University, funded by his friends, most prominently King (NBC) Broadcasting executive Ancil Payne of Seattle.

References

External links
Monroe Mark Sweetland - Obituary

1910 births
2006 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Oregon House of Representatives
Democratic Party Oregon state senators
Politicians from Salem, Oregon
Wittenberg University alumni
Syracuse University alumni
Cornell University alumni
People from Milwaukie, Oregon
Oregon lawyers
20th-century American politicians
Socialist Party of America politicians from Oregon
Lawyers from Salem, Oregon
20th-century American lawyers

Monroe Sweetland


An ear-ring is a piece o jewellery attached tae the lug (or ear) via a piercin in the earlobe or anither freemit pairt o the ear (except in the case o clip ear-rings, which clip ontae the lobe). Ear-rings are worn bi baith sexes, awtho mair common amang weemen, an hae been uised bi different ceevilisations in different times.

Locations for piercins ither nor the earlobe include the ruik, tragus, an athort the helix (see eemage at richt). The simple term "ear piercin" uisually refers tae an earlobe piercin, whauras piercins in the upper pairt o the external ear are eften referred tae as "cartilage piercins".  Cartilage piercins are mair complex tae perform nor earlobe piercings an tak langer tae heal.

Ear-ring components mey be made o ony nummer o materials, includin metal, plastic, gless, precious stane, beads, wid, bane, an ither materials.  Designs range frae smaw luips an studs tae lairge plates an danglin eetems. The size is ultimately leemitit bi the pheesical capacity o the earlobe tae hauld the ear-ring withoot tearin. Houiver, hivy ear-rings worn ower extendit periods o time can lead tae stretchin o the earlobe an the piercin.

References

Ring
Teeps o jewellery

Ear-ring


A phone connector (also called jack plug, stereoplug) is an electrical plug that is used in audio systems. For example, it is used in electric guitar cables to connect the guitar to an amplifier. There are typically three different sizes of phone connectors: 6.3 mm, 3.5 mm and 2.5 mm diameters.

Balanced and unbalanced circuits are possible with stereoplug connector when using monosignal per one stereoplug. Sound quality improves with a balanced circuit because noise signal reduces, especially with microphones where the signal is often weak.

Related pages
XLR connector

Electrical connectors
Audio technology

Phone connector


Blazing Angels 2: Secret Missions of WWII (also known as Blazing Angels 2: Secret Missions) is a 2007 flight combat video game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360, developed by Ubisoft Bucharest and published by Ubisoft. A sequel of Blazing Angels: Squadrons of WWII, the game puts the player in an elite Allied squadron trying to prevent Nazi Germany from creating a weapon of mass destruction. As the player progresses, they will travel around the world and battle the enemy with a list of prototype fighter aircraft and upgrades. Multiplayer mode includes deathmatch, cooperative, capture the flag, and epic battle.

Plot
The game begins with the player taking control of Captain Robinson (the protagonist) during an airshow sometime after World War II. After performing several stunts, Robinson begins to narrate the events of his squadron. The game immediately flashbacks to a German attack on an RAF airfield, which the player must defend against. Robinson's first squadron mate, Teach, is introduced here. The two then fly to France and drop off an Allied agent, Marguerite, on a train. They then proceed to destroy numerous ground and air units before leaving. The two then link up with a carrier about to launch an attack on the Italian fleet at Taranto. During the attack, Robinson manages to convince an old acquaintance of his, Milo, to join the squad. The squadron is completed when they fly to Cairo and receive a fighter jockey named Thorpe.

The four pilots repel a massive bombing wave and subsequent aerial assault. They then destroy a German Zeppelin attempting to sneak away. During the interrogation of a downed pilot, Robinson finds out that Marguerite's cover has been blown. In Paris, Marguerite discovers this also through a childhood friend of hers, Max, who is also a German officer. While Marguerite stole some documents from the garrison, Robinson, flying alone, stealthily shot down several German fighters. When Marguerite was exposed, he eliminated roadblocks and attackers until she abandoned the car on the Champs-Élysées. Robinson landed next to her, and flew her out of Paris. The squadron reformed in Russia, where they assist in the capture of a German airbase. Robinson and Teach land and steal a German bomber in order to capture its bombsite. While exfiltrating they bombed two bridges in order to cover the escape of Marguerite and the Russian ground troops.

The bomber is flown to Sweden, where Robinson and Milo tested a new defensive weapon. While testing, they received a radio transmission from Marguerite and discover that her submarine was attacked and is badly damaged. While Milo flew back to notify the other pilots, Robinson located the sub by tracking its transmissions. German fighters soon arrived, though, forcing Robinson to lure them away from the sub and through the icebergs, where he would blind them with his defensive weapon and let them crash. Eventually, the rest of the squadron arrived and assisted in the downing of the remaining fighters. The squadron was then ordered to Moscow in order to help defend it against an impending attack. The squadron helped shoot down German bombers, destroy advancing armor, and direct Katyusha rocket barrages. Soon after, they discovered a massive "Dora gun" protected by an armored dome. When the gun fired, the pilots fired through the open doors and destroyed the gun.

The squadron then linked up with the Flying Tigers and assaulted a hidden airbase in China. Robinson and Milo both landed at the base and stole two prototype planes. They flew the planes on the deck through the nearby canyon in order to avoid AA fire, and then assisted with the escape of the remaining participants. Low on fuel, the squadron flew the planes to Rangoon, making it right as the Japanese began their invasion of the city. Robinson was the only pilot able to get into a different plane and take off in time. He quickly dispatched the bombers attacking the airfield, allowing his squadron mates to take off. The pilots then shot down numerous attacking bombers and sunk several enemy ships that were attacking the evacuation fleet. They flew where needed, destroying artillery positions, bridges, and oil refineries. Robinson and Teach flew to protect an evacuation train while Milo and Thorpe flew to protect the evacuation ships. Both the train and ships escaped, but Thorpe was shot down and captured. Robinson, Teach, Milo, and Marguerite flew a rescue mission, sinking several ships escorting the "hellship" that was holding several POW's (including Thorpe). Robinson then destroyed the gun towers and cargo hatch on the ship while Teach and Milo covered him from enemy fighters. Robinson then destroyed an accidentally launched torpedo, and Thorpe was rescued by an American submarine. While detained, Thorpe learned of an impending attack on San Francisco.

The squadron flew to the city and protected the Golden Gate Bridge and naval port from U-boats launching V-1 rockets. They then shot down several Japanese suicide rockets launched from a carrier submarine. When the rockets turned to attack the squadron, they forced them to crash into the carrier sub, eventually sinking it. They then flew to the Himalayas and intercepted an aerial convoy. Teach, Milo, and Thorpe hijacked a transport plane loaded with secret weapons while Robinson flew cover. Marguerite, though, was captured in the attack and her troops shot. While detained, Max managed to sneak her a weapon, allowing her to take over a train that she was being transported on. He also sent the squadron a message to apprise them of the situation.

The four pilots responded and discovered Max strafing German troops. The five pilots protected Marguerite from numerous roadblocks, enemy fighters, and an armored pursuit train until she crossed the border. Having betrayed Germany, Max joined up with the others. Robinson and Max then flew to Rome, providing air cover for Marguerite while she and her troops stole some documents before the General of the Luftwaffe, General Von Kluge (the primary antagonist) could get them. They learn of a German scientist who wants to defect, and stage a rescue. Robinson first destroys the radar picket stations, and then leads a diversionary attack with Max, Teach and Thorpe while Milo lands on the lake and dispatches Marguerite to rescue the scientist. It is soon revealed to be a trap, however, and the pilots must cover Marguerite's escape back to the lake. Though she makes it, an aerial dreadnaught, a massive plane equipped with a Tesla coil, appears and destroys Milo's plane. Max attempted a run on it, but was quickly dispatched.

The other pilots force the plane down by disabling two of its engines, allowing Milo to take it over. The pilots protect the plane from attack and escape. Max is captured and killed by German troops. The squadron then flies to a remote island and provide air cover while Marguerite sails to shore and then reaches the inner complex. While she attempts to destroy the facility, the squadron must intercept and shoot down V-2 rockets being launched. They manage to stop the first wave and Marguerite has discovered how to destroy the facility, but she is out of demo charges and her men have all been killed. Despite Robinson's protests, she orders him to fire on the fuel tanks inside the facility, something that would probably kill her. Robinson complies, and Marguerite manages to survive the explosion.

The squadron's final mission is to escort a massive flight of Lancaster bombers as they go to destroy a larger version of Von Kluge's Tesla weapon. Though the bombers manage to annihilate the outer defenses, the entire flight is wiped out by the Tesla weapon, as they could not get high enough to avoid the blast. In order to destroy the weapon, the squadron eliminated the ground defenses around each tower. Marguerite would then blow open the doors to the tunnels housing the generators. Robinson flew into each tunnel and destroyed the generators. After finishing off the last one, the squadron encounters Von Kluge in a carrier plane. The plane is protected by a "lightning shield", which would only open in order to launch new fighters. The squadron manages to destroy the enemy fighters and eventually the carrier plane, killing General Von Kluge. The squadron returns home and is disbanded. While Teach and Thorpe have a night on the town in London, Robinson offers to take Marguerite around the world.

Gameplay
While certain missions require specific planes, the player can choose which plane to fly.

Reception

The game received "average" reviews on all platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave these console versions a score of one seven, one eight, one seven, and one eight for a total of 30 out of 40.

References

External links
Official website

2007 video games
World War II video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Windows games
Video games scored by Jason Graves
Video games developed in Romania
Video games set in Austria
Video games set in China
Video games set in Egypt
Video games set in Germany
Video games set in France
Video games set in India
Video games set in Indonesia
Video games set in Italy
Video games set in Myanmar
Video games set in Paris
Video games set in Russia
Video games set in San Francisco
Video games set in the Soviet Union
Video games set in Sweden
Video games set in Switzerland
Ubisoft games
Alternate history video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Pacific War video games
Allies of World War II


The Idice is a river in the Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions of Italy. The source of the river is in the province of Florence near Monghidoro in the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano mountains. The river flows north into the province of Bologna near Monterenzio before being joined by the Savena east of Bologna. The river then curves eastward and flows near Castenaso and Budrio before flowing into the province of Ferrara. It then flows into the Reno near where the Sillaro enters the Reno southeast of Argenta.

References

Rivers of the Province of Florence
Rivers of the Province of Bologna
Rivers of the Province of Ferrara
Rivers of the Apennines
Rivers of Italy

Idice


Algebraic geometry is a type of mathematics, studying polynomial equations. Modern algebraic geometry is based on more abstract techniques of abstract algebra, especially commutative algebra, with the language and the problems of geometry.

Aims
The main objects of study in algebraic geometry are algebraic varieties, which are geometric manifestations of sets of solutions of systems of polynomial equations. Examples of the most studied classes of algebraic varieties are: plane algebraic curves, which include lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, cubic curves like elliptic curves and quartic curves like lemniscates, and Cassini ovals. A point of the plane belongs to an algebraic curve if its coordinates match a given polynomial equation. Simple questions involve the study of points of special interest like the singular points, the inflection points and the points at infinity. More difficult questions involve the topology of the curve and relations between the curves given by different equations.

Algebraic geometry takes a central place in modern mathematics.  The concepts it uses connects it to diverse fields such as complex analysis, topology and number theory.  At the start, algebraic geometry was about studying systems of polynomial equations in several variables. Algebraic geometry starts at the point where equation solving leaves off: In many cases, finding the properties of all the solutions in a given set of equations have, are more important than finding a particular solution: this leads into some of the deepest place in all of mathematics, both conceptually and in terms of technique.

Developments in the 20th century
Much of the development of the main stream of algebraic geometry in the 20th century occurred within an abstract algebraic framework, with increasing emphasis being placed on "intrinsic" properties of algebraic varieties not dependent on any particular way of embedding the variety in an ambient coordinate space. The developments in topology, differential and complex geometry came much in the same way.

In the 20th century, algebraic geometry split into several subareas.
 The main stream of algebraic geometry is devoted to the study of the complex points of the algebraic varieties and more generally to the points with coordinates in an algebraically closed field.
 The study of the points of an algebraic variety with coordinates in the field of the rational numbers or in a number field became arithmetic geometry (or more classically Diophantine geometry), a subfield of algebraic number theory.
 The study of the real points of an algebraic variety is the subject of real algebraic geometry.
 A large part of singularity theory is devoted to the singularities of algebraic varieties.
 When computers became more common, a field named 'computational algebraic geometry' was developed. It looks at the intersection of algebraic geometry and computer algebra. It is concerned with the development of algorithms and software for studying and finding the properties of explicitly given algebraic varieties.

Scheme theory
One key achievement of this abstract algebraic geometry is Grothendieck's scheme theory. This allows one to use sheaf theory to study algebraic varieties in a way which is very similar to its use in the study of differential and analytic manifolds. This is obtained by extending the notion of point: In classical algebraic geometry, a point of an affine variety may be identified, through Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, with a maximal ideal of the coordinate ring, while the points of the corresponding affine scheme are all prime ideals of this ring. This means that a point of such a scheme may be either a usual point or a sub variety.

Achievements of the scheme theory
This approach also enables a unification of the language and the tools of classical algebraic geometry, mainly concerned with complex points, and of algebraic number theory. Wiles's proof of the Fermat's last theorem is an example of the power of this approach.

References

Algebraic geometry