The 2013 battle of Tell Abyad was a military confrontation in the town of Tell Abyad between the Kurdish Front and the Democratic Union Party-affiliated People's Protection Units and Women's Protection Units against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the al-Nusra Front (both al-Qaeda affiliates), and Ahrar al-Sham, resulting in a Kurdish defeat and the jihadist capture of the town.

Background

Tell Abyad is located across the town of Akçakale on the Syria-Turkey border. On 19 September 2012 the Farouq Brigades captured Tell Abyad from Syrian government forces. In March 2013, the al-Nusra Front set up a checkpoint and captured 33 fighters from the Farouq Brigades. Clashes between the two groups resulted in the Farouq commander, Abu Azzam, being wounded in action. Abu Azzam previously survived an assassination attempt by car bomb. He and other wounded rebels was transferred to a hospital in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The next week, the 33 Farouq prisoners were released and the border crossing reopened.

On 17 July 2013, the YPG fully captured the city of Ras al-Ayn from ISIL and al-Nusra. The latter retreated to the northern Raqqa Governorate, mainly in Tell Abyad. ISIL and al-Nusra Front fighters arrested many Syrian Kurds on charges of Kurdish nationalism. ISIL also called on the residents of Tell Abyad to pledge allegiance to their self-proclaimed caliphate. In response a YPG battalion was formed in the Kurdish neighbourhoods of the town.

Battle
On 20 July 2013, the Kurdish Front Brigade captured Khalaf Thiyab "Abu Musab", an al-Nusra commander and 4 other Nusra members on charges that they attempted to blow up themselves in the "People's House", the Democratic Union Party office in Tell Abyad. Clashes then erupted in the town. By the next day, more than 1,000 residents were detained by Islamist groups in order to pressure the PYD to release the al-Nusra members, and both were released. Hundreds of residents fled the town.

On 22 July, ISIL raided, looted, and demolished dozens of houses of the hundreds of Kurdish civilians who fled after their neighbourhoods were attacked by tanks and other heavy weapons. More than 10 al-Nusra fighters were killed. YPG and Kurdish Front forces surrounded the Akçakale border crossing which was then closed by Turkey. By the next week, ISIL defeated the Kurdish forces and took full control of Tell Abyad, forcing thousands of Kurdish civilians to flee.

Aftermath
Many Kurdish refugees from Tell Abyad fled to nearby Tell Akhdar. 70% of its residents had already fled. In August 2013 Ahrar al-Sham took over the village. On 13 October, clashes renewed between joint Kurdish forces and ISIL west of Tell Abyad.

In January 2014, infighting erupted between Ahrar al-Sham and ISIL and the latter gained complete control over the Tell Abyad countryside. Clashes between the YPG and ISIL west of Tell Abyad again renewed in March. Hundreds of ISIL militants surrounded Tell Akhdar and threatened to kill all those who remained in the village. All residents fled and most became refugees in Kobanî, which was also besieged.

In February 2015, Euphrates Volcano forces advanced into the northern Raqqa countryside from both the west and the east, capturing 19 villages. Tell Abyad was then captured on 16 June 2015.

References

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2013
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the al-Nusra Front
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the People's Protection Units
Raqqa Governorate in the Syrian civil war
Ethnic cleansing by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Persecution of Kurds in Syria
Battles of the Syrian civil war
Racism in the Arab world

Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)


Kim van Kooten (born 26 January 1974 in Purmerend, North Holland) is a Dutch actress and screenwriter. In international cinema, she is best known for the 2003 Dutch/US co-production Phileine Says Sorry, filmed partly in New York City, in which she plays the lead. She is the author of the script of the very successful Dutch movie Alles is Liefde (Everything is Love), and won a Golden Calf for Best Actress in Phileine Says Sorry (2003), and for Best Scenario with Met grote blijdschap (2001).

Life and work
Van Kooten grew up in Zuidoostbeemster. She is the daughter of Kees van Kooten and Barbara Kits. Her brother is the actor and singer Kasper van Kooten.

She studied screenwriting at the Film Academy in Holland, but dropped out in the first year. After a chance meeting with director Robert Jan Westdijk, van Kooten made her acting debut in the film Zusje (Little Sister). These were followed by films such as Jesus is een Palestijn (Jesus is a Palestinian) (with her then boyfriend Hans Teeuwen), Mariken and Phileine Zegt Sorry (for which she won a Golden Calf for Best Actress).

She is also a screenwriter and was asked by Theo van Gogh to do the script for the film Blind Date. She now specialises in working with characters and real-life dialogue.

Besides being an actress and writer, van Kooten worked as an editor and presenter for the cinema programme Stardust for the Dutch television network VPRO. She now is the star of a new dramedy show called Evelien, shown on Net 5.

She has written the script of the successful Dutch movie Alles is Liefde (Everything is Love). The movie has been seen over a million times, which resulted in a Diamanten film award. Later, it received a Dutch Golden Calves award for best Dutch movie. She is married to actor Jacob Derwig, with whom she has two children, Roman and Kee Molly (born 17 December 2007). They met on the set of the TV-series De acteurs (The actors), where various actors played different roles written by Van Kooten.

Filmography

As an actress
 1995: Zusje as Daantje Zuidewind
 1996: Red Rain
 1998: Een Hoertje en haar broertje as Elena
 1999: Jezus is een Palestijn as Natasja
 2000: Mariken as Isabella
 2001: Olivetti 82
 2002: Snapshots
 2002: Bella Bettien as Monique
 2003: Phileine zegt sorry as Phileine
 2006: Evelien (TV-series) as Evelien
 2010: Loft
 2012: Black Out
 2013: The Dinner

She also voices one of the characters in the movie Undercover Kitty (2001).

As a screenwriter
 1994: Nighthawks
 1996: Blind Date (dialogs)
 2000: Mariken (with role for her brother Kasper van Kooten)
 2001: Met grote blijdschap
 2001: Acteurs, De (television series)
 2002/2003: musical: Na de zomer (in cooperation with songwriter Niek Barendsen)
 2007: Alles is Liefde
 2012: "Entertainment Experience"

External links

References

1974 births
Living people
People from Purmerend
Dutch film actresses
Dutch television actresses
Golden Calf winners
20th-century Dutch actresses
21st-century Dutch actresses

Kim van Kooten


Donggeochado, Donggeocha Island, or East Geocha Island, is a  island east of Seogeochado in the Geocha Archipelago in South Korea. It is part of the Dadohaehaesang National Park, and the waterway Maenggol Channel. Administratively it is located in Jindo County, South Jeolla Province, in the administrative division of Donggeochado-ri, Jodo-myeon.

On 16 April 2014, the passenger ferry MV Sewol capsized north of the nearby island Byeongpungdo, drifted north while taking in water, and sank off the coast of Donggeochado.

References

External links

Jindo County
Islands of South Jeolla Province
Islands of the Yellow Sea

Donggeochado


Telford Gardens (often referred to as "Telford Garden") is a private housing estate located above the MTR Kowloon Bay Depot and alongside Kowloon Bay station in Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It was jointly built by Hang Lung Properties and Hopewell Holdings, and Telford Plaza II was built by New World Development. Being the first property development project of the Mass Transit Railway, the estate is now managed by the corporation. The address of Telford Gardens is 33 Wai Yip Street, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

The estate comprises a total of 41 residential blocks completed between 1980 and 1982, organised by alphabetical order (from A to U), with only Block L not sharing its lobby with a twin block. There are 4,992 flats in total. At first, many flats in Blocks R, S  and T were bought by the Hong Kong Government as houses for its firemen and policemen, as well as by airlines for their employees as the Estate is near the former Kai Tak Airport, closed 1998. Most of these properties are now back on the private market.

Nearby amenities and facilities
Telford Plaza I (), recently substantially renovated, is one of the largest shopping centres in Kowloon Bay. Telford Plaza II was a more recent addition to Telford Plaza I and their exits face each other. Telford Plaza I has 2 levels while Telford Plaza II has 4. The complex includes shops, banks, restaurants, a cinema, a department store, electronics chain stores, etc. The open-air area has banks, a kindergarten, a community centre, music and dance centres, Telford Annex of the Community College of City University, and clinics.

Previously, nearby there was also Wellington College (now part of City University), a police station, the Independent Commission Against Corruption offices (now moved), a skatepark, and other facilities.

The podium area has a park with a resting area, fountain, plaza and fish/turtle pond; the second level of the podium has a children's playground and is also the entrance area for many blocks. Telford Garden has a clubhouse, which has swimming pools, tennis courts, a fitness centre, etc. It was originally open to the public but is now members only as of 2006; fees are HK$10,000 to join and then HK$2,000 per year.

Telford Plaza is the main route between Telford Gardens, the Kowloon Bay MTR and the Kowloon Bay industrial area.  Thus, the air-conditioned pathways through the shopping mall are open 24 hours.

The  (港鐵總部大樓) at the far end of Telford Plaza II is the headquarters of MTR Corporation. There used to be a police station next to the pickup/drop off area but has since been moved. The minibus stop and taxi stands are right beneath Level 3 of Telford Plaza II and there are four carparks in Telford Garden, 2 for shoppers and 2 for residents.

The Kowloon Bay Depot is located under Telford Garden and is the largest depot in the entire MTR system. It houses trains serving on the Kwun Tong line and was also intended to be linked to East Kowloon line as there was no suitable space for a dedicated depot for that line. MTR Metro Cammell EMU trains and (prior to 2009) MTR Rotem EMU trains are stored and maintained here. In 2003 and 2004, some M-Train sets were refurbished at Kowloon Bay Depot for eventual service on the Disneyland Resort line.

Gallery

References

External links

Kowloon Bay
Ngau Tau Kok
Private housing estates in Hong Kong
MTR Corporation
Hang Lung Group
Hopewell Holdings

Telford Gardens


Ernest Miller Hemingway (21 Julie 1899 - 2 Julie 1961) wis an American writer. He is generally thocht tae be a member o the Lost Generation. Some fowk say that, o the mony chairacters he creatit in his beuks, the author himsel wis his best creation.

Hemingway faimily
1899 births
1961 daiths

20t-century American novelists
American male novelists
American war novelists

20h-century American short story writers
American essayists
American traivel writers
American memoirists
Writers frae Chicago
American male writers that committit suicide
Modrenist writers

American male jurnalists
Toronto Star fowk
American war correspondents
Jurnalists frae Illinois
American war correspondents o Warld War II

American expatriates in Canadae
American expatriates in Cuba
American expatriates in Fraunce
American expatriates in Italy
American expatriates in Spain

American hunters
American fishers

American militar personnel o Warld War I
American fowk o the Spaingie Ceevil War
French Resistance members
Operation Overlord fowk

American Nobel laureates
Bancarella Prize winners
Nobel laureates in Literatur
Pulitzer Prize for Feection winners
Recipients o the Siller Medal o Military Valor

American Roman Catholics
Converts tae Roman Catholicism
History o Key West, Florida
Writers frae Oak Park, Illinois
Suicides bi fireairm in Idaho
Survivors o aviation accidents or incidents
American anti-fascists
American male essayists
American male short story writers
Fowk frae Ketchum, Idaho
20t-century American jurnalists
20t-century American male writers
Jurnalists that committit suicide
Male suicides
Novelists frae Illinois
Catholics frae Illinois
Catholics frae Idaho
20t-century essayists

Ernest Hemingway


Weather reconnaissance is the acquisition of weather data used for research and planning. Typically the term reconnaissance refers to observing weather from the air, as opposed to the ground.

Methods

Aircraft

Helicopters are not built to withstand the severe turbulence encountered in hurricane rainbands and eye walls. One reason is that a helicopter receives all of its lift from its rotating blades, and they are most likely to break off in hurricane conditions.

The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is used as a weather reconnaissance aircraft, with 5 different versions being used.  The current version is the Lockheed C-130J.

The Lockheed WC-130J aircraft is a venerable aircraft for weather reconnaissance. It flies directly into the hurricane, typically penetrating the hurricane's eye several times per mission at altitudes between  and . The 53rd WRS Hurricane Hunters operate ten WC-130J aircraft for weather reconnaissance.

The WP-3D Orion aircraft flown by the NOAA Hurricane Hunters are heavily instrumented flying laboratories specifically modified to take atmospheric and radar measurements within tropical cyclones and winter storms.

The NOAA Gulfstream IV high altitude jet conducts hurricane surveillance flying upwards of  each flight to document upper and lower level winds that affect the movement of tropical cyclones. The hurricane models (computer models predicting hurricane tracks and intensity) mainly utilize NOAA G-IV dropwindsonde data that is collected both day and night in storms affecting the United States.

Other aircraft have been used to investigate hurricanes, including an instrumented Lockheed U-2 that was flown in Hurricane Ginny during the 1963 Atlantic hurricane season.

Past aircraft used were the A-20 Havoc, 1944; B-24, 1944–1945; B-17, 1945–1947; B-25, 1946–1947; B-29, 1946–1947. WB-29, 1951–1956; WB-50, 1956–1963; WB-47, 1963–1969; WC-121N 1954-1973; WC-130A,B,E,H, 1965-2005.

Watercraft
Watercraft deployed for use as weather ships have fallen out of favor due to their high operating cost. Unmanned weather buoys replaced weather ships when they became prohibitively expensive. Since the 1970s, their role has been largely superseded by weather buoys by design. Across the northern Atlantic, the number of weather ships dwindled over the years. The original nine ships in the region had fallen to eight by the 1970s. In 1974, the Coast Guard announced plans to terminate the United States stations, and, in 1977, the last United States weather ship was replaced by a newly developed weather buoy.

By 1983, data was still being collected by ships "M" ("Mike"), "R" ("Romeo"), "C" ("Charlie"), and L ("Lima"), Because of high operating costs and budget issues, weather ship "R" was recalled from the Bay of Biscay before the deployment of a weather buoy for the region. This recall was blamed for the minimal warning given in advance of the Great Storm of 1987. The last weather ship was Polarfront, known as weather station "M" at 66°N, 02°E, run by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Polarfront' was put out of operation 1 January 2010. Despite the loss of designated weather ships, weather observations from ships continue from a fleet of voluntary merchant vessels in routine commercial operation, which have increased in number over the decades.

Applications

Spaceflight planning
Images from satellites provided a resource for forecasting weather for NASA Space Shuttle launches and landings. Meteorologists analyze images to predict regions of cloud formation and dissipation. Special attention is paid to low clouds and convective cloud particularly cumulonimbus incus clouds. Satellite imagery is used to ascertain cloud-top temperatures to analyze the potential for lightning. Certain types of imagery are valued for their ability to view fog and low clouds at night. Satellite imagery in the long term can help enhance the shuttle flight landing procedure.

Prior to shuttle launches or landings, pilots fly aircraft that provide cloud, wind, turbulence, visibility, and precipitation information. Aircraft are flown along the future flight path of the shuttle and observations are noted. This complements radar and satellite data and only provides information that is useful for short-term (up to four hours before launch or landing) but not long-term forecasting. Aerial reconnaissance often provides a more accurate assessment of weather conditions than radar or satellite imagery.

Weather reconnaissance is also provided by weather balloons.

See also
 Convective storm detection
 Tropical cyclone observation
 Environmental monitoring

References

Weather forecasting
Storm chasing

Weather reconnaissance


Cast iron is an alloy of iron. The term is usually used for grey cast iron. There are two main types of cast iron: grey cast iron and white cast iron. The differences between the two are mainly based on the amount of silicon in the alloy. All cast iron has about 95% iron in it. Grey cast iron has 3% silicon and 2% carbon. White cast iron has less silicon.

The silicon in grey cast iron causes the carbon to change into graphite. This causes it to have a dark grey or almost black color. With less silicon, the carbon in white cast iron changes to cementite or iron carbide (Fe3C). This causes white fractures to form on the surface and give white cast iron the name.

Grey cast iron is very good at conducting heat. Because of this, it is often used to make cookware.

Alloys
Iron

Cast iron


Richard Croft is an American opera singer who is often characterized as a lyric tenor or "Mozart tenor."

Richard Croft debuted in the United States (including at the Metropolitan Opera, the Houston Grand Opera, the Washington Opera and Dallas), by singing the major roles of Mozart and Rossini, before being invited on the leading international stages (Salzburg Festival, Paris Opera, Staatsoper Berlin, Zurich Opera, Glyndebourne Festival, Theater an der Wien among others).

Richard Croft has been Professor of Voice at the University of North Texas College of Music since 2004.

His brother, Dwayne Croft, is an operatic baritone. Both Croft brothers have sung leading roles in historically themed operas by the composer Philip Glass: Richard portrayed Mohandas Gandhi in Satyagraha, and Dwayne portrayed Robert E. Lee in the debut production of Appomattox. He also portrayed the role of Loge in the Metropolitan Opera's 2012 production of Wagner's Das Rheingold directed by Robert Lepage, along with his brother Dwayne in the role of Donner.

References

External links
 Official website
 Biography on IMG Artists
 Discography on operaclass.com

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American operatic tenors
University of North Texas College of Music alumni
University of North Texas College of Music faculty
20th-century American male opera singers
21st-century American male opera singers

Richard Croft (tenor)


Richard Wolin (born 1952) is an American intellectual historian who writes on 20th Century European philosophy, particularly German philosopher Martin Heidegger and the group of thinkers known collectively as the Frankfurt School.

Life
Wolin graduated B.A. at Reed College, and M.A. and Ph.D. at York University, Toronto. He then worked at Reed College and Rice University. Since 2000, he has been Distinguished Professor of History and Political Science at the CUNY Graduate Center.

Works

Books
Walter Benjamin: An Aesthetic of Redemption. (1982)
The Politics of Being: The Political Thought of Martin Heidegger (1990)
The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader. Editor (1991)
The Terms of Cultural Criticism: The Frankfurt School, Existentialism, Poststructuralism (1992)
Karl Löwith, Martin Heidegger and European Nihilism. (1995) editor).
Labyrinths: Explorations in the Critical History of Ideas.(1995)
Heidegger's Children: Philosophy, Anti-Semitism, and German-Jewish Identity (2001) also as Heidegger's Children: Hannah Arendt, Karl Löwith, Hans Jonas, and Herbert Marcuse
The Seduction of Unreason: The Intellectual Romance with Fascism from Nietzsche to Postmodernism (2004)
Herbert Marcuse, Heideggerian Marxism Co-Editor (2005).
The Frankfurt School Revisited. (2006).
The Wind from the East: French Intellectuals, the Cultural Revolution, and the Legacy of the 1960s.(2010).
Heidegger in Ruins: Between Philosophy and Ideology. (2023).

Articles
 Telos 41, The De-Aestheticization of Art: On Adorno's Aesthetische Theorie.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Fall 1979. (Telos Press).
 Telos 43, An Aesthetic of Redemption: Benjamin's Path to Trauerspiel.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Spring 1980. (Telos Press).
 Telos 53, The Benjamin-Congress: Frankfurt (July 13, 1982).  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Fall 1982. (Telos Press).
 Telos 62, Introduction.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Winter 1984–1985. (Telos Press).
 Telos 62, Modernism vs. Postmodernism.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Winter 1984–1985. (Telos Press).
 Telos 63, The Bankruptcy of Left-Wing Kulturkritik: The "After the Avant-Garde" Conference.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Spring 1985. (Telos Press).
 Telos 64, Against Adjustment.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Fall 1985. (Telos Press).
 Telos 66, Leonetti-Deutscher-Rizzi Correspondence; False Criteria: The New Criterion or the Cultural Politics of Neo-Conservatism.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Winter 1985–1986. (Telos Press).
 Telos 67, Foucault's Aesthetic Decisionism.  New York: Telos Press Ltd., Spring 1987. (Telos Press).
"Paul Ricoeur as Another: how a great philosopher wrestled with his younger self", The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 14, 2005

References

Living people
Reed College alumni
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
CUNY Graduate Center faculty
People from Maplewood, New Jersey
Rice University faculty
Intellectual historians
Heidegger scholars
Walter Benjamin scholars
1952 births
Historians from New Jersey
American male non-fiction writers

Richard Wolin


Bogo Grafenauer (16 March 1916 – 12 May 1995) was a Slovenian historian, who mostly wrote about medieval history in the Slovene Lands. Together with Milko Kos, Fran Zwitter, and Vasilij Melik, he was one of the founders of the so-called Ljubljana school of historiography.

Early life
He was born in Ljubljana in a well-established Carinthian Slovene family. His father, Ivan Grafenauer, was a famous literary historian and ethnologist and nephew of Franc Grafenauer, a representative in the Carinthian provincial assembly and representative of Carinthia in Vienna parliament. He was the brother of the mineralogist Stanko Grafenauer and designer, architect and choreographer Marija Grafenauer-Vogelnik.

He studied history at the University of Ljubljana, graduating in 1940. In his college years, he joined the Christian left intellectual circle around Edvard Kocbek. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he joined the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. Between 1942 and 1943, the Italian Fascist occupation authorities interned him in the Gonars concentration camp. Nevertheless, he managed to complete his PhD dissertation in 1944 under the supervision of the medievalist Milko Kos.

Career
Grafenauer started publishing already in the late 1930s. In his academic career, Grafenauer focused on social history in the Middle Ages. He continued the researches of Milko Kos on settlements patterns in the Slovene Lands in the early middle ages, focusing on the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps and the medieval Slavic principality of Carantania. He wrote several treatises on the transition between tribal and feudal socio-economic forms in the Eastern Alps and the west Balkans. His main contribution was however the history of the German Peasants' Wars in the late 15th and 16th century in the Slovene Lands and in Croatia. He also wrote on the history of the Slovenes in Carinthia in the 19th and 20th centuries, and on agricultural modernization in the early 19th century. Since the 1950s and 1960s, he was among those who introduced the approaches of the French Annales school in the Yugoslav historiography.

Between 1945 and 1955, he wrote several expert surveys on border areas in Carinthia and the Julian March for the Yugoslav diplomacy.

From 1946 to 1982, he taught Slovene medieval history and theory of historiography at the University of Ljubljana. He was also the first editor-in-chief of Zgodovinski časopis, the leading Slovenian historical journal. In 1972, he became a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was also a member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Between 1978 and 1987, he served as president of the publishing house Slovenska matica; during his presidency, Grafenauer hired several prominent external collaborators, some of whom (like Ivo Urbančič, Tine Hribar and Drago Jančar) had been persecuted by the Communist regime, raising the quality and reputation of the institution.

In the last decade of his life, Grafenauer rose to prominence again with his resolute fight against autochthonist re-interpretations of Slovenian history, especially against the populist Venetic theory, which denied the Slavic settlement in the East Alps.

Bogo Grafenauer died in Ljubljana and was buried in the Žale cemetery. His daughter, Darja Mihelič, is also a historian.

References

Further reading
Grafenauerjev zbornik, edited by Vincenc Rajšp. Ljubljana: Scientific Research Centre, 1996.
Oto Luthar, Med kronologijo in fikcijo. Ljubljana: Znanstveno in publicistično središče, 1993.

1916 births
1995 deaths
20th-century Slovenian historians
Historians of the Balkans
Slovenian medievalists
Social historians
University of Ljubljana alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
People of Carinthian Slovene descent
Slovenian Roman Catholics
Slovenian Christian socialists
Slovenian anti-fascists

Bogo Grafenauer


Robert Fergusson (1750–1774) wis a Scots makar o the 18t century.  He is aften thocht o as ane o the best an maist influential Scots poets o aw time.

Biography

Early life an eddication
Fergusson  wis born in Edinburgh on 5t September 1750 tae William an Elizabeth Fergusson at Caip An Feather Close juist aff the Ryal Mile.  The Close wis dingit doun in Ferguson's lifetime tae mak wey for the biggin o the Nor' Brig.  His paurents haed muived tae the caipital frae Aiberdeen juist twa year afore Robert wis born.

Tho the faimily wisna unco weil aff, thay did see the heich vailie o haein thair bairns eddicate weel, an at the eild o sieven, Robert jyned a private schuil in Niddry's Wynd (cryed Niddry Street the nou) forenent Caip An Feather Close.  The neist year he wis enrowed at the Ryal Hie Schuil.  Whan he wes elieven he won a bursary tae lear at the Dundee Grammar Schuil, that haed the condeetion that gin he made guid progress he wad be alloued intil the Varsity o Saunt Andras that he did at the eild o fowerteen.  He left in 1768.  He niver graduate, tho this wis gey common at the time.

Edinburgh
Fergusson gaed back tae Edinburgh 1769 efter wirkin for a wee while at his eme's ferm.  Tho he wisna in guid heal whan he cam til the ceety, bi September he haed recovered eneuch tae tak on employ as a copyist in the Commissary Records Office.  Nae dout this wisna gey fun for him, a young man o nineteen an o airtistic smeddum - but it gied him siller as weel as allouin eneuch time for writin musardie an an active social life.

Fergusson becam active in the Edinburgh club life o the day - jynin the Cape Club (ither kenspeckle members includit David Herd the sang ingaitherer, the penters Alexander Runciman,Henry Raeburn, Alexander Naysmith an Jacob Moir an ane o Edinburgh's maist kenspeckle veelians Deacon William Brodie) that wis a perfit atmosphere for his musardie that is aften anent the social life o his peers.  His pseudonym athin the club wis Sir Precentor.

Daith
Syne bairnheid, Fergusson haed dree'd ill-heal (jaloused tae be ane o the heidmaist reasons why he didna gang til the Ryal Hie Schuil till a year efter maist fowk his eild), an it wis aften merkit bi chiels that saw him that he leukit gey paewae an silly.  Aither in or juist afore the stairt o 1774, it became clear that Fergusson wis dreein some kynd o the depression, his ordinar blytheness wis gane an he semmed tae retreat intil a sort o releegious doul, readin ainlie The Bible an his behaviour becam gey orra.  Gaun bi Alexander Peterkin in his The Works of Robert Fergusson.  To Which is Prefixed a Sketch of the Author's Life (Lunnon, 1807) bi Mairch 1774 Fergusson wis:

"...quite aware that his mind was in disorder, and he anticipated with terror the confinement in a mad-house, which he saw would be unavoidable."

In Juilie, the members o the Cape Club raised a collection o siller for tae help thair freend, but maugre o some seemin rallies o his heal, he wis on the hail gettin waur.  Later that same month, he teuk a faw doun a stair, an furder skaithed his heid.  Athin days he wis incarcerate in the Edinburgh Bedlam, Darien Hoose.  The traigic, rapid faw frae genius tae madness wis endit bi his daith on the 17t o October 1774.  He wis juist twinty-fower.

Yirdin
Twa days efter his daith, Fergusson wis yirdit in the Canongate Kirkyaird, in an unmerkit graff.  Whan Robert Burns cam tae Edinburgh in 1787, he speired the kirk heid anes gin he coud hae a heidstane for Ferugusson erectit, the repone wis aye.  The stane is aye thare the day, an Fergusson's graff can be seen gin ye gae tae the left-haund side o the kirk.  A statue o him staunds ootwi the yett tae the kirkyaird an aw.

Wark
Fergusson wrate musardie in baith Scots an Inglis.  His Scots wis taen frae the twa-three byleids he'd hae kent frae his paurents (the Doric is uised in Hallow-Fair) an ithers, forby uisin some aulder, mair leeterar terms.

The auldest o his warks that survives is Elegy, on the Death of  Mr. David Gregory that he wrate whan he wis juist fowerteen.  It is a gallus wark in fluent Scots that gies a guid hint o the genuis that wis tae flowe frae his pen in later years.  In baith Scots an Inglis Fergusson wis a fluent, confident makar that coud write wi uneffectit aise anent a braid reenge o subjects - frae satires on fowk's preoccupation wi haen guid, fashionable claes (Braid Claith) tae descrievin scenes o ilkaday life (Hallow-fair, for exemplar) tae his great, unfeenisht epic anent Edinburgh life, Auld Reekie - his maist kenspeckle poem.  He coud be bitter aboot Edinburgh an life in general, but his wark shaws a deep luve for the ceety an ceety life an aw.

Juist ower thirty o his Scots poems survives, as weel as twa-three in Inglis.  His Inglis poems is aften seen tae be guid (On Night aiblins is the best ensample o his Inglis wark), but it is the virr an smeddum o his Scots musardie that is best kent an luved the day.

Legacy
Fergusson's maist obvious influence wis on Robert Burns, that threapit tae be duin wi musardie till he cam ower Fergusson's wark, an cried him:

"...my elder brother in misfortune, by far my elder brother in the Muse."

Tho Allan Ramsay cam afore Fergusson as a Scots veracular makar (atweel, in To Mr. Robert Fergusson bi "J.S" the quaisten is speired "Is Allan risen frae the deid...to grace the thistle?"), it wis Fergusson that gied Burns mair tift, an sae airgiably haed the greater influence o the twa ower aw.  Later on Robert Loius Stevenson, anither kenspecke Edinburgh scriever, wis a muckle fan o Fergusson's an aw an wis influenced bi his wark.

The ither heidmaist influence he haed wis in makkin the "Habbie Stanza" form acceptable for nane-comic warks, kiverin a braid reenge o subjects, tho no tae the exclusion o comic verse.

The traigedy o his daith at Fergusson's daith at juist twinty-fower year auld haes aye left the quaisten beggin o whit he coud hae achieved haed he leeved langer.  Beirin in mynd that Burns himsel juist wan on til thritty-sieven, some fowk haes jaloused that gin he haed leeved e'en juist til thritty than Scotland micht hae haed twa "Naitional Makars" an merkit "Fergusson Nicht" on his anniversary.

Robert Fergusson is merkit in Makar's Court in Edinburgh wi a quote frae the first line o Auld Reekie:

Auld Reekie, wale o ilka Town.

Sources
Robert Fergusson: Selected Poems - Edited and Introduced by James Robertson (2007 edeetion)
Scottish Poetry: A Critical Survey - Edited by James Kinsley , 1955.  Chaiper uised bi David Daiches

See awso
List o Scots poets

Fremmit airtins
Robert Fergusson Society
Varsity o Saunt Andras wabstaid anent Fergusson, includin the fou text o aw his warks
A pentin o Fergusson bi an unkent airtist, Scottish National Gallery

1750 births
1774 daiths
Alumni o the Varsity o St Andras
Fowk eddicatit at the High School of Dundee
Lallans poets
Writers frae Edinburgh
Fowk eddicatit at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Scots Makars
Scots poets
Buirials at the Kirk o the Canongate
Fowk o the Scots Enlichtment
18t-century Scots writers
18t-century Scots poets
Poets associatit wi Dundee

Robert Fergusson


Simon Marcus Taylor (born 17 August 1979) is a Scottish retired professional rugby union footballer who played for Bath Rugby, Stade Français and Edinburgh Rugby. He played as a back-row forward, usually a number eight. He played for Edinburgh for six seasons between 2000 and 2006 and in 2007 agreed a three-year deal with Stade Français joining them immediately after the 2007 World Cup. In the summer of 2010, Taylor signed for Bath Rugby in the English Aviva Premiership. He also represented Scotland and the British and Irish Lions. At the start of his rugby career, he played for Heriot's Former Pupils.

Career

Early career
Born in Stirling, Taylor represented Scottish Schools in 1995–96 while he was at Morrison's Academy, and he went on to play for Scotland's under-18, under-19, and under-21 teams. He had two seasons in the under-19 team, leading the Scots in the Junior World Championship in France in 1998.

After five matches for the national under-21 side in 1998–1999 he went on to play in ten more under-21 internationals in 1999–2000, including the victory over the New Zealand Youth at Jedburgh in December and the draw with Australia during the 2000 Southern Hemisphere Alliance tournament in New Zealand. In that latter match Taylor scored a try. In 1999–2000 he played a pivotal role in Heriot's FP's second successive club championship and was rewarded with a professional contract with Edinburgh Reivers at the beginning of season 2000–2001.

2000–2003
Taylor made his first appearance for Scotland in the November 2000 Autumn Test against the USA. In summer 2001 he made a try-scoring debut for the British & Irish Lions in their 116–10 victory over Western Australia before a knee injury unfortunately ended his tour and he returned to Scotland to pass the final exams of his law degree at the University of Edinburgh.

He scored his first test try in the match against Canada on the 2002 tour in which he started at openside flanker and then made some pile-driving contributions when he was fielded at No 8 against the USA. He scored his first try in a Murrayfield Test match in Scotland's 30–22 March 2003 win against Wales. He was named Lloyds TSB Man of the Match for his display against Italy in the 29–12 Scotland victory in February 2002.

On 26 May 2002, Taylor was selected to play for the Barbarians against England. He scored twice, but England won 53 to 29.

At the 2002 Commonwealth Games, Taylor was a member of the Scottish Sevens squad who won the Men's Bowl Competition Quarter Finals.

Taylor was named The Famous Grouse Scotland Player of the Season for 2002–2003, fitting reward for performances encapsulated by his heroic defensive contribution to the game against England when he made 23 tackles.

In the 2003 World Cup he started in every match.

2004

Taylor suffered a serious knee injury in the final game of the Six Nations in Ireland in 2004.

2005
Taylor was out for the best part of a year with a knee ligament injury and was unable to do any aerobic activity. He used the time to do some serious weight work and there is a general consensus that he is now about a stone and a half more than his official 17 stones.

He returned for the Scotland v Italy Six Nations fixture and lasted the pace well enough for most of the game. He looked more like his old self in the following game vs. Wales on 13 March 2005. After the tournament, he became one of only three Scots named to the Lions for their 2005 tour to New Zealand. In New Zealand he injured a hamstring and did not play a match.

2007
Agreed a three-year deal with Stade Français. Despite residing in France, Taylor, with business partner Barrie Brown, managed a successful foray into the licensed trade with 99 Hanover Street, a style bar in Edinburgh's city centre.

2008

With Taylor continuing his career in France the duo's new venture, Hawke and Hunter, opened in November 2008. Taylor and Brown trade as Brown Taylor Limited and Hawke & Hunter trades from the former Hallion Club on Edinburgh's Picardy Place.

2010

Having reportedly been unhappy with the number of players that play his position at Stade Français, Taylor signed a three-year deal with Bath Rugby. On 19 April 2013 Bath Rugby announced that Taylor was to be one of 7 players leaving the club at the end of the 2012/13 season. At that point, Taylor retired from Rugby and entered the hotel industry.

References

External links
Scotland profile
Bath Rugby website

1979 births
Living people
Rugby union number eights
Rugby union players from Stirling
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Scotland
Barbarian F.C. players
Edinburgh Rugby players
Heriot's RC players
Bath Rugby players
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh School of Law
People educated at Morrison's Academy
Scotland international rugby sevens players
Male rugby sevens players
2003 Rugby World Cup players
2007 Rugby World Cup players
Rugby sevens players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players for Scotland
Stade Français Paris players
Scottish expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in France

Simon Taylor (rugby union)


Edith Bunker is a fictional character from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family. She is the kind but sometimes clueless wife to Archie Bunker in the show. Edith Bunker is played by actress Jean Stapleton. Edith was first seen in the first episode of All in the Family which premiered on January 12, 1971. Edith was also in Archie Bunker's Place a little but dies of a stroke when not on the show .

Fictional American people
Television characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1971

Edith Bunker


Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport (, ), more commonly known as Pajas Blancas, is located  north-northwest of the center of Córdoba, the capital city of the Córdoba Province. The airport covers an area of  and is operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S.A.

Overview

Cordoba is Argentina's third-busiest airport, after Ministro Pistarini International Airport and Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, both of which are located in Buenos Aires.

The airport had been a jetport for a long time, having received commercial jet aircraft services before, but it had been lacking the size to receive larger numbers of passengers until Aeropuertos Argentina 2000, a private company that operates several airports in Argentina, decided to give internal Argentine airports more money so that they could expand and lure more airlines. Up until that moment, the Taravella airport, which was named after an architect, only had one story and one terminal.

The construction of a second and third floor began in 2000, designed by prominent local architect Mario Roberto Álvarez; by 2002, it was finished and Aerolíneas Argentinas decided to make the Taravella airport a hub for domestic flights.

The airport is equipped with the necessary lights to have night air traffic, but pilots flying there, especially pilots of light aircraft, are recommended to look out for birds, as there is quite a substantial number of them inhabiting the areas nearby.

Today, Córdoba Airport primarily serves only domestic and regional destinations across South America. It does have flights to Central America and Europe also.

Airlines and destinations

Statistics

See also

 List of airports in Argentina
 List of the busiest airports in Argentina
 Transport in Argentina

References

External links

Airports in Córdoba Province, Argentina


Kaizer Motaung OIS (born 16 October 1944) is a former South African association football player and founder of Kaizer Chiefs FC, of which he is chairman and managing director. He was nicknamed "Chincha Guluva".

Early life
Born in the Orlando East section of Soweto, Motaung first played professional football at the age of 16, for the Orlando Pirates FC.

His entry into international football occurred in 1968, when Atlanta Chiefs founder and owner, Dick Cecil, and former West Ham United player Phil Woosnam, who was manager of the Atlanta Chiefs franchise in the then-recently formed North American Soccer League (NASL), recruited Motaung after team trials in Zambia.

NASL career
Despite struggling to come to terms with the weather and overcoming injury, Motaung made his North American debut for the Atlanta Chiefs as a substitute in a friendly game against Manchester City, scoring two goals in the process. He continued to play brilliantly for the rest of the season, scoring sixteen goals in fifteen matches, making him the top scorer in the league that season. As a result of this achievement, he was voted "Rookie of the Year" and gained a place on the NASL's All Star Team.  In 1975, he returned to the NASL to play two seasons with the Denver Dynamos.

Kaizer Chiefs
When Motaung returned to his home country in 1970, he decided to start his own professional soccer team. Motaung named his club "Kaizer Chiefs" after himself and his former NASL team. Another South African, Jomo Sono, also a former player for Orlando Pirates, joined an NASL side New York Cosmos in 1977. He returned to form his own professional soccer team which he named Jomo Cosmos after himself and his former NASL team, the New York Cosmos. Jomo Cosmos was however relegated in the 2011/12 edition of the South African Premier Soccer League.

Despite early setbacks and opposition, Motaung succeeded in assembling a good mix of veterans and talented rookies and the club soon became a force to be reckoned with. The Kaizer Chiefs soon had a large following.

Within a short time, the Kaizer Chiefs became the most successful team in South Africa, winning more than 78 trophies and gaining an estimated fourteen million supporters throughout the country. Indeed, it is often jokingly stated that Kaizer Chiefs do not really play any away matches, as their supporters always outnumber those of the home team.

One of Kaizer Chiefs' biggest achievements was winning the African Cup Winners' Cup in 2001.

Football administrator
Motaung has also been active in South African football administration, having served on both the National Soccer League (NSL) and South African Football Association(SAFA) executives.

In addition, Motaung co-founded (with Orlando Pirates' Irvin Khoza) the South African Premier League (PSL) in 1996, which helped bring more sponsors and money into South African professional football.

Motaung currently still serves as a member of the PSL's Board of Governors, while also still running Kaizer Chiefs and being on SAFA's executive committee. He has also indicated that he would accept a position with the Confederation of African Football (CAF) or on world football's governing body, FIFA.

Motaung was voted 73rd in the Top 100 Great South Africans in 2004. He also assisted South Africa's 2010 World Cup Bid Company and was a member of the delegation that went to the FIFA head office in Zurich to be declared the winning bid. Subsequently, he was also appointed as a member of the local organising committee for the 2010 event. Also in 2004, Motaung was given the Entrepreneurial Leadership Award by Henley Management College, South Africa.

In February 2005 it was announced that Motaung would join the board of Primedia Limited as a non-executive director. Primedia is South Africa's largest private media holding company and owns 40% of Kaizer Chiefs. He has also served as a director on the boards of many other companies such as Royal Beechnut, Simba, New Age Beverages and Get Ahead.

Awards and recognition
Motaung was appointed a member of South Africa's Order of Ikhamanga, Silver class. Kaizer was also awarded a honary doctorate in 2022.

References

1944 births
Living people
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Atlanta Chiefs players
Denver Dynamos players
South African men's soccer players
South African expatriate men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards
South African soccer managers
Orlando Pirates F.C. players
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Soccer players from Soweto
Kaizer Chiefs F.C. non-playing staff
South African expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga

Kaizer Motaung


The Unadi-Sutras (Sanskrit  ) are a group of texts in Indian grammatical tradition (Vyākaraṇa). They form an accessory to the Aṣṭādhyāyī ("Eight Chapters", the grammar of Pāṇini). They deal with Sanskrit affixes.
They propose to validate the view attributed to Śākaṭāyana that all words can be analysed by the addition of affixes to verbal roots.
As a consequence, the notion of "affix" for the purposes of the Unadi-Sutras is extremely loose and not necessarily etymological; the classical grammarians (such as Patañjali ) were aware that this means of derivation was purely formal and in many cases had no relation to the word's actual meaning.

The  authorship and date of the oldest  Unadi-Sutras (known as the Panchapadi-Unadi-Sutras) is uncertain; some authors would attribute them to Pāṇini himself, others to his predecessors, such as Śākaṭāyana, Āpiśali, or Kātyāyana. The name uṇādi is derived from the incipit, as the text begins with the treatment of the affix -uṇ-.
The texts survive only with substantial variation. In addition, the later grammatical schools have added numerous additional Unadi-Sutras, each particular to the respective school.

Numerous commentaries on the Unadi-Sutras proper are extant, including
the Uṇādisūtravṛtti of Ujjvaladatta (13th century?),
the Uṇādivṛtti of Svetavanavasin,
the Prakriyasarvasva of Narayanabhatta (17th century),
the Siddhanta Kaumudi and Pradhha Manorama of Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita (17th century),
the Unadikosa of Mahadevavedantin (17th century),
the Aunadikapadarnava of Perusuri (early 19th century),
the Unadi-kosa of Dayananda Sarasvati (mid 19th century),
the Dasapadyunadivrtti  and Prasada of Manikyadeva.

References

Kanshi Ram, Uṇādi-Sūtras In The Sanskrit Grammatical Tradition (2001).
Vyakarana
Linguistic morphology

Unadi-Sutras


were courtesans in Japan. Oiran were part of Japanese society during the Edo Period, (1600–1868). Prostitution was legal then, but only in special neighborhoods that were closed to outsiders. There were different kinds of oiran, depending on their beauty, skills in art, education, and more. High-ranking oiran were called . Only nobles could be with one. Tayū had many servants, and when they went outside, their servants carried them and followed them, making a procession. They wore very expensive clothes and jewelry. Any man who wished to be with an oiran had to follow difficult rituals and etiquette.

Geisha replaced oiran. Geisha practiced common types of entertainment enjoyed by the people of that time. They became more popular than oiran. The last known oiran was in 1761. A few women still practice the arts of the oiran today (without sex) to continue the cultural heritage.

Other websites
Tayu no Dochu
Niigata Prefecture Bunsui Sakura Festival Oiran Parade

Personal service occupations
Japanese culture
Prostitution

Oiran


The National Museum of the Italian Risorgimento () is the first, the biggest and the most important among the 23 museums in Italy dedicated to the Risorgimento; and the only one which can be considered "national" according to a 1901 law, and due to its rich and great collections.  It is housed in the Palazzo Carignano in Turin.

History
The museum was established in 1878, shortly after Italian unification, even though it only had its first permanent exhibition in 1908.  Originally located in the Mole Antonelliana, in 1938 it was moved to its current site (which had previously housed the Subalpine Chamber of Deputies, from 1848 to 1860, and then the first Italian Chamber of Deputies, from 1861 to 1865).

Displays
Its exhibits include weapons, flags, uniforms, printed and written documents (including the original manuscript of the song Il Canto degli Italiani, dated November 10, 1847 by Goffredo Mameli, now Italian national anthem since 1946), and artworks.  The new exhibition, opened on March 18, 2011, occupies about 3500 square metres across 30 rooms, and covers the real Risorgimento period, stretching from the late 18th century revolutions to the beginning of the First World War. It includes a specialized library, a prints cabinet and a documentary archive.

Further reading
 Museo nazionale del risorgimento italiano. 1906

External links

Turin
Museums in Turin
Museums established in 1878
National museums of Italy
1878 establishments in Italy

Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)


Elizabeth Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district, Victoria, Australia, part of the Hoddle Grid laid out in 1837. It is presumed to have been named in honour of governor Richard Bourke's wife.

The street is known as a retail shopping precinct. It is connected with key shopping and tourist destinations such as Bourke Street Mall, General Post Office, Melbourne Central Shopping Centre, Emporium Melbourne and Queen Victoria Market.

Geography

The street runs roughly north-south in-between Queen Street and Swanston Street. At the southern end the street terminates at Flinders Street station, whilst the northern end terminates at Grattan Street, north of the Haymarket Roundabout.

Haymarket connects Elizabeth Street to Peel Street towards the south-west, Flemington Road to the north-west, Royal Parade to the north and Grattan Street to the East. This complex, high-traffic roundabout is further complicated by trams travelling through it on varying routes. Traffic lights were installed on the roundabout in 2011 to limit the dangerous complexity of the intersection, it having previously functioned as a normal roundabout.

Floods
Elizabeth Street is the lowest point in the Melbourne central business district, with land rising both to the east and west, and more gradually to the north. The street was built on top of a historic natural creek and has suffered numerous floods in Melbourne's history.

Flash flooding south towards the Yarra River occurred in 1882, 1972 and more recently during the 2010 Victorian storms. The Elizabeth Street drain runs from Carlton in the north to the Yarra River in the south, carrying storm water from the inner northern suburbs and city centre. This drain is a significant source of pollutants entering the lower Yarra.

Notable buildings

Elizabeth Street is home to many historically important buildings, modern structures and works of art. These various works are listed on both the Victorian Heritage Register and National Trust of Australia.

Victorian Heritage Register
 Flinders Street Station
 Melbourne City Building
 General Post Office
 Underground Toilets
 Mitchell House
 Block Arcade
 Royal Arcade
 Queen Victoria Market
 Hosies Hotel Mural
 Former Melford Motors
 St Francis Church

National Trust

 289 Elizabeth Street
 Angus & Robertson Building
 London Hotel
 Royal Saxon Hotel
 Argus Building
 Paton Building
 Brooks' Chambers
 Michaels Building
 Ampol House (demolished by the University of Melbourne and replaced with The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity)
 Former Colonial Bank
 Former Kodak Factory Complex
 Former Hosies Hotel & Richard Beck Mural
 Womens Christian Temperance Union Drinking Fountain
 Heape Court Warehouses

Motorcycle and Camera Precincts

Elizabeth Street has been home to a number of photography retailers and a considerable number of motorcycle dealers. The street has been the home of motorbike retailing in inner Melbourne since 1903, the longest-existing such area in the world.

Transport
As well as Flinders Street station at the southern end, the western exit of Melbourne Central railway station is located at the intersection of Latrobe and Elizabeth Streets. A number of tram services run along the street, including route 19 trams to Coburg North, route 59 trams to Airport West and route 57 trams to West Maribyrnong.

See also

References

External links

 Elizabeth Street in flood, 1882 State Library Victoria, accessed 23 March 2015.
 Elizabeth Street in flood, 1862 State Library Victoria, accessed 23 March 2015.
 Elizabeth Street flood, 1972

Streets in Melbourne City Centre

Elizabeth Street, Melbourne


Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is a free antivirus software created by Microsoft that provides protection against computer viruses, rootkits, spywares, and trojans for Windows XP. MSE x86 (32-bit) replaces Windows Live OneCare, a commercial subscription-based antivirus service and the free Windows Defender, which only protected users from adware and spyware. It is geared for consumer use, unlike Microsoft's upcoming enterprise-oriented product Microsoft Forefront.

Related pages
 Microsoft

Other websites

Microsoft software
Antivirus software

Microsoft Security Essentials


Gymnosiphon (yellowseed) is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants from the yam order. Like most of the other members of the family in which the plant is placed (Burmanniaceae), Gymnosiphon is entirely myco-heterotrophic genus that does not contain chlorophyll and respectively does not perform photosynthesis.

Gymnosiphon is distributed across the moist, tropical regions of Asia, America and Africa. The plant has very small size and thin stems. Leaves are rudimentary and with appearance like scales or bracts. Its flowers are white in color, pale and solitary or sometimes collected in tiny inflorescences of few depending on the species. They are also actinomorphic with three larger outer tepals and three more inner and smaller ones.

Phylogenetically Gymnosiphon is placed in the clade of Burmanniaceae sensu stricto.

 Species

References

Burmanniaceae
Dioscoreales genera
Parasitic plants

Gymnosiphon


Avigdor Lieberman, Hebrew: אביגדור ליברמן , born as Evet Lvovich Liberman, Russian: Эве́т Льво́вич Ли́берман, (born July 5, 1958 in Chișinău) is an Israeli politician. He is a political leader and also founder of Yisrael Beiteinu ("Israel Our Home").

Early life and education
Lieberman studied hydrology in his native country. He migrated from the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Israel in 1978. After serving in the army he studied political science and international relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Career
In the 1980s he was involved in Zionist activities on behalf of Soviet Jews and also a leading member of economic and trade union organizations in Jerusalem.

In the 1990s he was an important assistant to prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu of HaLikud.

In 1999 he entered the Knesset with Yisrael Beiteinu, a nationalist political party focused on Israeli Jews from the former Soviet Union, founded in the same year.

Lieberman participated in several cabinets, among others as deputy prime minister in the Olmert Government and the Second Netanyahu Government, and as foreign minister in the Second and Third Netanyahu Government.

From 2016 to 2018 he was defense minister in the Fourth Netanyahu Government.

Since 2021 he has been finance minister in the Bennett-Lapid Government.

References
 Bio at Knesset Website

1958 births
Living people
Government ministers of Israel
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli political leaders
Israeli trade unionists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Members of the Knesset
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Chișinău
Soviet Jews
Yisrael Beiteinu politicians
Zionists

Avigdor Lieberman


Marguerite Jeanne Cordier de Launay, baronne de Staal (30 August 1684 – 15 June 1750) was a French author.

Life
De Launay was born in Paris. Her father was a painter named Cordier. He seems to have deserted her mother, who then resumed her maiden name, de Launay, which was also adopted by her daughter. She was educated at a convent at Evreux, of which Mme de La Rochefoucauld, sister of François de La Rochefoucauld, author of the Maximes, was superior. There, she became attached to Mme de Grieu, who, being appointed abbess of the convent of St Louis at Rouen, took her friend with her.

Mlle de Launay lived there until 1710 in the enjoyment of the utmost consideration, and held a little court of her own, which included Brunel, the friend of Fontenelle, the sieur de la Rey and the abbé Vertot. She describes her own first passion for the marquis de Silly, the brother of a friend with whom she was visiting. Her affection was not returned, but she entered on a correspondence with him in which she plays the part of director.

After the death of her patron, Mme de Grieu, poverty compelled her to enter the household of the duchesse du Maine at the Château de Sceaux in the capacity of lady-in-waiting. Her literary talent soon manifested itself in the literary court of the duchesse, and secured for her, among other friendships, the somewhat undesirable admiration of the abbé Chaulieu. The duchesse is said, on the somewhat dubious authority of her lady-in-waiting, to have been not a little jealous of her attendant. Enough, however, is known of the duchesse's imperious and capricious temper to make it improbable that her service was agreeable. Mlle de Launay, however, enjoyed a large share of her mistress' confidence and had a considerable share in drawing up the Mémoire des princes légitimes which demanded the meeting of the states-general.

She was implicated in the Cellamare Conspiracy of Giulio Alberoni against Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, regent for Louis XV of France, and was sent in 1718 to the Bastille, where she remained for two years. Even here, however, she made conquests, though she was far from beautiful. Her own account of her love for her fellow prisoner, the chevalier de Ménil, and of the passion of the chevalier de Maisonrouge, her gaoler, for her, is justly famous. She returned on her liberation to the service of the duchess, who showed no gratitude for the devotion, approaching the heroic, that Mlle Delaunay had shown in her cause. She received no promotion and still had to fulfill the wearisome duties of a waiting-maid. She refused, it is said, André Dacier, the widower of a wife more famous than himself, and, in 1735, being then more than fifty, married the Baron de Staal. Her dissatisfaction with her position had become so evident that the duchess, afraid of losing her services, arranged the marriage to give Mlle Delaunay rank sufficient to allow of her promotion to be on an equality with the ladies of the court.

On this footing she remained a member of the household. It was at this time that she became the friend and correspondent of Mme du Deffand. She died at Gennevilliers.

Works

Her Mémoires appeared about five years later, and have often been reprinted, both separately and in collections of the memoirs of the 17th and 18th centuries, to both of which the author belonged both in style and character. She has much of the frankness and seductive verve of Mme de Sévigné and her contemporaries, but more than a little alloyed with the sensibility of a later time. It may be doubted whether she does not somewhat exaggerate the discomforts of her position and her sense of them. In her lack of illusions, she was a child of the 18th century. Sainte-Beuve says that the most fit time for the reading of the Mémoires is the late autumn, under the trees of November, but her book is an extremely amusing one to read, as well as not a little instructive. The humours of the court of Sceaux are depicted as hardly any other society of the kind has ever been. "Dans cet art enjoué de raconter", says Sainte-Beuve, "Madame de Staal est classique".

Besides her Mémoires Mme de Staal left two excellent short comedies, performed at the court of Sceaux, and some letters, the answers to which are in some cases extant, and show, as well as the references of contemporaries, that the writer did not exaggerate her own charm. Her Mémoires were translated by Selina Bathurst (1877) and by Cora H. Bell (1892). See the edition (1877) of her Mémoires by M. de Lescure.

Notes

References

External links
Memoirs of Madame de Staal de Launay, trans. by Selina Bathurst, 1877, (London, Richard Bentley & Son)

1684 births
1750 deaths
French ladies-in-waiting
French baronesses
18th-century French women writers
French women memoirists
Prisoners of the Bastille
18th-century letter writers
18th-century French memoirists

Marguerite de Launay, baronne de Staal


Goosebumps is a Canadian-American horror anthology television series based on R. L. Stine's best-selling Goosebumps book series. It ran from October 27, 1995 through November 16, 1998. Goosebumps originally began airing on YTV (in English) and Canal Famille (in French) in Canada and on Fox Kids in the United States.

From October 7, 2007 to September 7, 2009, Cartoon Network aired the episodes. From September 6, 2011 until September 1, 2014, The Hub broadcast the series.

The opening sequence starts with a man dressed in black carrying his briefcase up a hill. The name engraved on the briefcase reveals the mysterious man to be Goosebumps' author, R. L. Stine. Hour-long specials The Haunted Mask I & II, A Night In Terror Tower, The Werewolf of Fever Swamp, Welcome to Dead House and Night of the Living Dummy III don't use the opening sequence at all but instead have R.L. Stine introducing those episodes and also appearing at the end.

Other websites
  at Scholastic Press

1995 American television series debuts
Canadian children's television series
American horror television series
American children's television series
1998 American television series endings
1995 establishments in Canada
1990s Canadian television series endings
English-language television programs

Goosebumps (1995 TV series)


The House of Jaqeli () was a Georgian princely (mtavari) family and a ruling dynasty of the Principality of Samtskhe, an offshoot of the House of Chorchaneli.

History

"Jaqeli", literally meaning "of/from Jaqi", was originally a territorial epithet. The family received this name from the castle of Jaqi on the Jaqis-tsqali, one of the left affluents of the Mtkvari (Kura) (now in Turkey). The Jaqeli traced their origin to the late 9th-century nobleman Beshken, of the Chorchaneli, whose descendants possessed the valleys of Jaqi, Postkhovi (modern Posof, Turkey), and Uraveli (near Akhaltsikhe, Georgia). The title "Jaqeli" first appears in the names of Beshken (I), lord (eristavi) of Tukharisi, and Murvan, lord of Q'ueli and Beshken's possible son. Beshken (II), Murvan's possible son, died fighting the Seljuk Turks in Javakheti in 1118. From the 1050s to the 1190s, the Jaqeli took part in several feudal uprisings against the Bagratid kings of Georgia. Eventually, under the queen Tamar of Georgia (1184-1213), the family, in the person of Botso, fell in dishonor, and the title of Jaqeli as well as most of their possessions passed to their relatives of the House of Tsikhisjvari (Tsikhisjvreli), also a Chorchaneli offshoot. The dispossessed family of Botso Jaqeli came to be known as Botsosdze, last heard of with Memna, who died during the defense of Tbilisi against the Khwarezmid ruler Jalal ad-Din Manguberdi in 1226; and with his brother Botso.

With Ivane-Qvarqvare of Tsikhisjvari (fl. c. 1195-1247), enfeoffed by Queen Tamar of Botso's titles and possessions, the new line of the Jaqeli dynasty emerged. It attained, in the person of Sargis I (r. c. 1260-1285), to the hereditary principate of Samtskhe, and became de facto independent of the kings of Georgia under the protectorate of Mongol Ilkhanate in 1268. The residence of Jaqeli was established in Sapara.

In 1334, King George V of Georgia brought Samtskhe within the Georgian realm again, and bestowed his maternal uncle Sargis II Jaqeli (r. 1306-1334) with the dignity of atabag, which would become hereditary in the Jaqeli line down to the 17th century. Henceforth, the principality was known as Samtskhe-Saatabago, the latter part of this portmanteau meaning "of the atabags".

By the mid-15th century, the Jaqeli family had finally succeeded in reducing the rival noble families into vassalage or in driving them out of Samtskhe. By 1490/1491, when the Georgian kingdom finally dissolved into a number of weak and rivaling polities, the Jaqelis were among the most active contending factions, "not without responsibility for the failure to maintain the political unity of the nation", as the British scholar William Edward David Allen puts it. Beginning from 1578, Samtskhe became a target of Ottoman expansion, and the Jaqeli atabags, after a futile resistance, conveniently apostatized to Islam, and were made hereditary pashas of Akhaltsikhe, a position which they retained, with some brief intermissions, within the family throughout the unceasing wars between the Ottomans, the Iranian dynasties and the Georgian rulers down to the eventual Russian conquest in 1829 (see Battle of Akhalzic). A cadet branch, from the Kvabliani valley, accepted the Russian rule and assumed the surname of Atabekov-Kvabliansky.

Presently, there are 1526 people in Georgia of Jaqeli family.

Genealogy

See also
 Samtskhe-Saatabago
 Eyalet of Childir
 Meskhetians

References

External links

Noble families of Georgia (country)
Georgian-language surnames
Meskhetians

House of Jaqeli


Ponche crema is a cream-based liqueur that originates in Venezuela and was brought to nearby  Trinidad and Tobago who developed their own version, Ponche de Crème. Recipes vary depending on the region, but main ingredients typically include milk, eggs, sugar, rum, and other minor ingredients such as vanilla, nutmeg, cinnamon, and lemon rind. A variant type is prepared with concentrated liquid coffee or instant coffee powder. However, most references to the ponche crema name aim at a traditional commercial product, available since 1900, whose recipe and manufacturing process are kept secret. Ponche crema is a beverage traditionally served during Christmas time, much as eggnog is in the United States. It is usually served cold, in small cups, either as an aperitif or a pousse-café.

The origin of the recipe for this commercial product could not be determined.

External links

"Ponche Crema" brand website
Allrecipes' Ponche Crema Procedure

Cream liqueurs
Venezuelan cuisine
Venezuelan alcoholic drinks
Christmas food

Ponche crema


Angela Merkel (born Kasner) (born in Hamburgh , 17 Julie 1954) is an umwhile chancellor o Germany wha servit frae 2005 tae 2021. She wis electit in 2005; she wis confirmed in affice in 2009 an 2013 (anly juist missin an overaw majority), an stairtit her fowert term in 2018 efter her pairty got a reduced nummer o votes in the 2017 Bundestag election. She is currently a member o the CDU, Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands (the Christian Union o Germany). Merkel grew up in the umwhile East Germany.

Merkel propaled in 2018 that she intendit tae staund doon as Chancellor in 2021. She haes made major decisions affectin the European Union, sic as in the Refugee Creesis an Eurozone Creesis.

Merkel stuid doun in December 2021, when Social Democrat Olaf Scholz became Chancellor, leadin a three-pairty coalition.

1954 births
Angela Merkel
Chancellors o Germany
Christian Democratic Union (Germany) politeecians
Environment meenisters o Germany
Female heids o govrenment
German Lutherans
German fowk o Pols strynd
German pheesical chemists
German politeecians
German weemen in politics
Grand Crosses 1st cless o the Order o Meerit o the Federal Republic o Germany
Leaders o poleetical pairties in Germany
Leipzig Varsity alumni
Livin fowk
Members o the Bundestag
Meenisters for childer, young fowk an faimilies
Fowk frae Hamburg
Presidential Medal o Freedom recipients
Preses o the European Cooncil
Recipients o the Order o the Sun o Peru
Weemen chemists
Weemen's meenisters
Recipients o the Presidential Medal o Distinction o Israel

Angela Merkel


Kwanzaa is a week long celebration held in the United States to honor universal African heritage and culture. People light a kinara (candle holder with seven candles) and give each other gifts. It takes place from December 26 to January 1 every year. It was created by Maulana Karenga and was first celebrated in 1966 - 1967. Non-African Americans also celebrate Kwanzaa. The holiday greeting is "Joyous Kwanzaa".

History and name of the holiday
Kwanzaa is a celebration that started in the black nationalist movement of the 1960s. It was created as a way to help African Americans reconnect with their African cultural and historical heritage.

The name Kwanzaa comes from the Swahili phrase matunda ya kwanza, meaning first fruits of the harvest.

During the early years of Kwanzaa, Karenga said that it was meant to be an alternative to Christmas, that Jesus was psychotic, and that Christianity was a white religion that black people should shun. However, as Kwanzaa became more popular, Karenga changed his position so that practicing Christians could also feel included. He stated in the 1997 Kwanzaa: A Celebration of Family, Community, and Culture, "Kwanzaa was not created to give people an alternative to their own religion or religious holiday."

Many Christian African Americans who celebrate Kwanzaa do so in addition to observing Christmas.

Principles and symbols

Kwanzaa celebrates what its founder called the seven principles of Kwanzaa, or Nguzo Saba (originally Nguzu Saba—the seven principles of blackness). Karenga said that this "is a communitarian African philosophy," . It consists of what Karenga called "the best of African thought and practice in constant exchange with the world." These seven principles comprise Kawaida, a Swahili term for tradition and reason. Each of the seven days of Kwanzaa is dedicated to one of the following principles, as follows:

Umoja  (Unity): To strive for and to maintain unity in the family, community, nation, and race.
Kujichagulia  (Self-Determination): To define ourselves, name ourselves, create for ourselves, and speak for ourselves.
Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility): To build and maintain our community together. To make our brothers' and sisters' problems our problems, and to solve them together.
Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics): To build and maintain our own stores, shops, and other businesses and to profit from them together.
Nia  (Purpose): To make our collective goal the building and developing of our community. This in order to restore our people to their traditional greatness.
Kuumba (Creativity): To do always as much as we can, in the way we can. This so that we can leave our community more beautiful and better than we inherited it.
Imani (Faith): To believe with all our heart in our people, our parents, our teachers, our leaders, and the righteousness and victory of our struggle.

Kwanzaa symbols include a decorative mat on which other symbols are placed, corn and other crops, a candle holder with seven candles, called a kinara, a communal cup for pouring libations, gifts, a poster of the seven principles, and a black, red, and green flag. The symbols were designed to convey the seven principles.

During Kwanzaa, families also decorate their households with objects of art. They use colorful African cloth such as kente, especially the wearing of kaftans by women. Fresh fruits that represent African idealism are also used. It is normal to include children in Kwanzaa ceremonies and to give respect and gratitude to ancestors. Libations are shared, generally with a common chalice (a shared cup), Kikombe cha Umoja, passed around to all people present. A Kwanzaa ceremony may include drumming and musical selections, libations, a reading of the African Pledge and the Principles of Blackness, reflection on the Pan-African colors, a discussion of the African principle of the day or a chapter in African history, a candle-lighting ritual, artistic performance, and, finally, a feast (Karamu). The greeting for each day of Kwanzaa is Habari Gani? which is Swahili for "What's the News?"

Cultural exhibitions include the Spirit of Kwanzaa, an annual celebration held at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts featuring interpretive dance, African dance, song and poetry.

Related pages
The Black Candle (2009) – a documentary film about Kwanzaa, narrated by Maya Angelou
Dashiki – A shirt or suit worn during Kwanzaa celebrations
Kaftan (boubou) – A dress worn by women during Kwanzaa celebrations
Kufi – A cap worn during Kwanzaa celebrations

Further reading
 A program to raise the faith level in African-American children through Scripture, Kwanzaa principles, and culture, Janette Elizabeth Chandler Kotey, DMin, Oral Roberts University,1999
 The US Organization: African American cultural nationalism in the era of Black Power, 1965 to the 1970s, Scot D. Brown, PhD, Cornell University, 1999
Rituals of race, ceremonies of culture: Kwanzaa and the making of a Black Power holiday in the United States,1966—2000, Keith Alexander Mayes, PhD, Princeton University, 2002
Interview: Kwanzaa creator Ron Karenga discusses the evolution of the holiday and its meaning in 2004, conducted by Tony Cox. Tavis Smiley (NPR), 26 December 2003
Tolerance in the News: Kwanzaa: A threat to Christmas? By Camille Jackson | Staff Writer, Tolerance.org, 22 December 2005

References

Other websites
 The Official Kwanzaa Web Site
 The Black Candle: a Kwanzaa Celebration by Maya Angelou
 Why Kwanzaa was created by Karenga
 The History Channel: Kwanzaa

References

Holidays of the United States
1966 establishments in the United States
African-American history
Pan-Africanism

Kwanzaa


The Elmendorph Inn, is the oldest building in the village of Red Hook, New York, United States. It is located at the north corner of North Broadway (US 9) and Cherry Street, a block north of the junction of Route 9 and NY 199.

It was built in the mid-18th century as an inn to serve long-distance travelers on the Albany Post Road. In the 1810s, it became the meeting place of the Red Hook Town Board for the next several decades. It has had a number of owners; the Elmendorphs are the earliest known ones. In the 1830s, it was expanded and renovated, eventually becoming just a residence. After a recent restoration it has become a community center. In 1978 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Building

The inn is a two-story, nine-bay frame clapboard-sided structure with a modified gambrel roof pierced by four brick chimneys. A lean-to addition is on the rear. It is located on the north corner of the intersection, just two buildings north of the Village Diner.

Inside, the building has much of an interior added in the early 19th century, such as its wooden doors, lath and plaster walls, chair rails and exposed ceiling beams. The central hallway has a curved wall to accommodate the staircase. There is evidence of the expansions that have taken place, such as bricked-over former fireplaces.

Interior
There are four visible fireplaces on the ground floor. There is a fireplace in each of the two reception rooms, in the dining room, and in the kitchen which has a beehive oven.

History

Records of property ownership and improvements in 18th-century Red Hook are scant because most of the land in the village was leased from local landowner Henry Beekman. The village did not even incorporate until 1894, after a fire had destroyed many older buildings, further complicating historical research. The mid–18th-century construction date has been established instead by close examination of its architecture and the contemporaneous leasing of many surrounding properties.

For most of the 18th century Red Hook was just the inn and a few houses, serving travelers on the Albany Post Road (now Route 9), where it became a regular stop in 1785. It seems to have gone through several owners, and is first noted as Elmendorph's Inn on a 1797 map. By 1811 it was known as Loop's Hotel, after owner Jacob Loop, whose deed for  is the first indication of ownership of the property.

The Red Hook Town Board met there for the first time in 1815, the first of many recorded meetings at the inn. The first Dutchess County Fair was held on the grounds. When Loop died in 1819, a George Ring bought the inn. He opened a store as well in 1820, but this effort failed so thoroughly that the entire property was sold at a sheriff's sale five years later. The buyer flipped it the same day to Peter DeReimer, who himself sold it to a Jacobus Eckhart in 1827.

Sometimes during the 1830s, the inn was expanded in both the north and south directions to its present size. The original gambrel roof was covered over to create its present gabled appearance. The interior was also refurbished in the Federal style; many of those improvements remain.

The next owner, David Wager, lived there for a while before buying the inn in 1835. Town Board meetings continued until 1842. Three years later Wager gave some of the land on the east end of the parcel to the local Methodist Episcopal Society for use as a cemetery. He sold the property to Augustus Martin, a state assemblyman and town supervisor, shortly before his death in 1854.

It was the Martin family who ended the building's commercial use and converted it to a two-family residence. Edward Martin, a descendant, later operated a school in the building that, at least during the 1890s, had kindergarten classes. It remained in his family's hands until 1933. At that point the lot was subdivided and sold, with only the inn's half-acre (2,000 m2) remaining. Heating and plumbing were added to the building during the 20th century.

In 1977 it had fallen into disrepair and was on the verge of being demolished. It was acquired by a group called Friends of Elmendorph, which renovated it to its present appearance over the next 12 years. A front porch that was on the building in 1978 when it was listed on the Register has since been removed, and shingled siding removed to reveal the original clapboard.

The building is now home to Historic Red Hook, a membership 501(c)(3) non-profit volunteer organization committed to collecting, preserving and promoting Red Hook's history. The group maintains the historic Elmendorph Inn as a community center, creating dynamic public programs and partnering with community organizations.

References

External links

Friends of Elmendorph

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
U.S. Route 9
Houses completed in 1750
Red Hook, New York
Houses in Dutchess County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Dutchess County, New York

Elmendorph Inn


The Kennel Murder Case is a 1933 American pre-Code mystery film adapted from the 1933  novel of the same name by S. S. Van Dine. Directed by Michael Curtiz for Warner Bros., it stars William Powell and Mary Astor. Powell's role as Philo Vance is not the actor's first performance as the aristocratic sleuth; he also portrays the character in three films produced by Paramount in 1929 and 1930.

In the film, dog show competitor Archer Coe is found murdered within his own bedroom. There is a long list of suspects, since the victim had antagonized members of his own family, his own lover, and his own employees. The corpse of the victim's brother is soon found, hidden in a closet. One of the other suspects survives a knife attack, and the dog of Coe's neighbor is found to be seriously injured. Vance has to deduce the motives behind the attacks in order to figure out who killed Coe.

Plot
When Philo Vance's dog does not make it into the final of the Long Island Kennel Club's dog show, fellow competitor Archer Coe (Robert Barrat) is disappointed, having hoped to savor a victory over Vance. The next morning Coe is found dead, locked inside his bedroom. District Attorney Markham (Robert McWade) and Police Sergeant Heath (Eugene Pallette) assume it was suicide, because Coe was shot through the head and was found holding a pistol. Vance is not convinced. He soon finds evidence that Coe was murdered. Coroner Dr. Doremus (Etienne Girardot) determines the victim had bled to death internally from a stab wound.

There is no shortage of suspects; Coe was very much disliked. His niece Hilda Lake (Mary Astor) resented her uncle's tight control of her finances and jealousy of any men who showed interest in her. Her boyfriend, Sir Thomas MacDonald (Paul Cavanagh), suspected Coe of killing his dog to ensure winning the competition. Raymond Wrede (Ralph Morgan), the dead man's secretary, was in love with Miss Lake, but had been laughed at when he sought Coe's support. Coe's next-door neighbor and lover Doris Delafield (Helen Vinson) had been cheating on him with Eduardo Grassi (Jack La Rue). When Coe found out, he cancelled a contract to sell his collection of Chinese artworks to the Milan museum for which Grassi worked. Liang (James Lee), the cook, had worked long, hard, and illegally to help Coe amass his collection. He warned his employer against the proposed sale and was fired as a result. Even Coe's own brother Brisbane (Frank Conroy) despised Coe. Finally, Gamble (Arthur Hohl), the head servant, had concealed his criminal past.

Brisbane Coe becomes Vance's prime suspect. His alibi of taking a train at the time of the murder is disproved. When Brisbane is found dead in a closet, Vance is both puzzled and enlightened. Among Brisbane's effects, Vance finds a book titled Unsolved Murders; a bookmarked page details a method of using string to lock a door through the keyhole without leaving a trace. Part of the mystery is solved.

Later, an attempt is made on the life of Sir Thomas using the same dagger used to kill Coe. Finally, a Doberman Pinscher belonging to Miss Delafield is found seriously injured, apparently struck with a fireside poker. From these and other clues, Vance finally solves the crime.

It turns out that two men sought to end Coe's life that night. The successful murderer struggled with Coe and stabbed him, leaving him for dead. Coe awakened soon after. Too dazed to recall the fight or realize that he was mortally wounded, he went upstairs to his bedroom and opened his window before dying. Brisbane entered the chamber; seeing his brother apparently asleep in his chair, he shot the corpse and arranged the scene to look like a suicide. Downstairs, he ran into the actual killer, who had seen through a window that Archer Coe was still alive and come back to finish the job. In the darkness, the killer mistook Brisbane for Archer and killed the wrong man. Delafield's dog then wandered in, attracted by the commotion, and attacked the murderer.

While sure of the killer's identity, Vance has no proof. He therefore arranges for Sir Thomas and Wrede to quarrel over Hilda Lake. When Wrede instinctively reaches for the poker to strike his rival, the Doberman recognizes its attacker and leaps on him. Wrede confesses he became enraged when Coe refused to assist his courtship of Miss Lake, precipitating the stabbing.

Cast

 William Powell as Philo Vance
 Mary Astor as Hilda Lake
 Eugene Pallette as Detective Heath
 Ralph Morgan as Raymond Wrede, the Secretary
 Robert McWade as District Attorney Markham
 Robert Barrat as Archer Coe
 Frank Conroy as Brisbane Coe
 Etienne Girardot as Dr. Doremus
 Paul Cavanagh as Sir Thomas MacDonald
 James Lee as Liang

 Arthur Hohl as Gamble, the butler
 Helen Vinson as Doris Delafield
 Jack La Rue as Eduardo Grassi

Uncredited:
 Harry Allen as Sandy
 Wade Boteler as Sergeant Mellish
 George Chandler as first reporter at police station
 Spencer Charters as Sgt. Snitkin
 Leo White as desk clerk (uncredited)

Cast notes:
The records of Warner Bros. indicate that original casting included Hugh Herbert as Dr. Doremus, George Blackwood as Bruce MacDonald and Claire Dodd as Doris Delafield.  Ralph Bellamy was reported to have been signed to perform in the film, but he does not appear in the film as released.

Production
The Kennel Murder Case was the first adaptation of one of S. S. Van Dine's Philo Vance novels to be filmed by Warner Bros.  Early Vance films had been made by Paramount Pictures, and later ones would be made by Warners, Paramount and MGM. Vance would be played by Warren William, Paul Lukas, Edmund Lowe, and James Stephenson.

Director Michael Curtiz covered the talkiness of the film, endemic to whodunnits of this sort, by using a mobile camera in some scenes, and kept up the pace of the film with dissolves and wipes.

Reception
Film historian William K. Everson, who pronounced the film a "masterpiece" in the August 1984 issue of Films in Review, considers The Kennel Murder Case to be one of the greatest screen adaptations of a Golden Age mystery novel; Everson ranks it with the 1946 film Green for Danger.

The film made a profit of almost $400,000. According to Warner Bros records the film earned $441,000 domestically and $241,000 internationally.

Remake
Warners remade The Kennel Murder Case in 1940 as Calling Philo Vance, with James Stephenson playing Vance.

References

External links

1933 films
1933 mystery films
American mystery films
1930s English-language films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Michael Curtiz
Warner Bros. films
1930s American films
Philo Vance films
Films scored by Bernhard Kaun
Films about murder
Films about dogs

The Kennel Murder Case (film)


Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that is characterized by a loss of intellectual functioning (dementia) and seizures. At first, affected individuals may have difficulty sustaining attention and concentrating. Their judgment, insight, and memory become impaired as the condition progresses. Over time, they lose the ability to perform the activities of daily living, and most people with this condition eventually require comprehensive care.

The signs and symptoms of familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies vary in their severity and age of onset. In severe cases, the condition causes seizures and episodes of sudden, involuntary muscle jerking or twitching (myoclonus) in addition to dementia. These signs can appear as early as a person's teens. Less severe cases are characterized by a progressive decline in intellectual functioning beginning in a person's forties or fifties.

Mutations in the SERPINI1 gene cause familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies. The SERPINI1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called neuroserpin. This protein is found in nerve cells, where it plays a role in the development and function of the nervous system. Neuroserpin helps control the growth of nerve cells and their connections with one another, which suggests that this protein may be important for learning and memory. Mutations in the gene result in the production of an abnormally shaped, unstable version of neuroserpin. Abnormal neuroserpin proteins can attach to one another and form neuroserpin inclusion bodies or Collins bodies within nerve cells. Collins bodies form in cortical and subcortical neurons where they disrupt the cells' normal functioning and ultimately lead to cell death. Progressive dementia results from this gradual loss of nerve cells in certain parts of the brain. Researchers believe that a buildup of related, potentially toxic substances in nerve cells may also contribute to the signs and symptoms of this condition.

This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In many cases, an affected person has a parent with the condition.

References

 National Library of Medicine. Genetics Home Reference - Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies

External links

Neurology
Serpinopathies


Nina Rachel Shapiro Gordon (born November 14, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. She is best known for co-founding alternative rock band Veruca Salt with friend Louise Post in 1993. She left the group in 1998 and started a solo career, releasing two albums. In 2013, Gordon returned to Veruca Salt.

Personal life

Gordon is married to musician Jeff Russo. They have two children together.

American singer-songwriters
1967 births
Living people

Nina Gordon