Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke (; 30 January 1861 – 4 October 1936) was a Swiss philologist of the Neogrammarian school of linguistics.

Biography

Meyer-Lübke, a nephew of Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, was born in Dübendorf, Switzerland. He studied Indo-European philology at Zürich (with Heinrich Schweizer-Sidler) and at Berlin (with Johannes Schmidt). He obtained his PhD in Romance philology with a dissertation on Die Schicksale des lateinischen Neutrums im Romanischen (1883). After a stay in Italy, he qualified to lecture at Zürich and then attended lectures by Gaston Paris in Paris.

While lecturing at Zürich in 1887, he was appointed associate professor of comparative linguistics at Jena. From there he was called in 1890 to Vienna, where he was from 1892 to 1915 professor of Romance philology, as well as serving as dean and rector (1906/07). He then went to Bonn, where he was appointed to the professorship formerly held by Friedrich Diez (1794–1876). However, Meyer-Lübke soon felt the difference between the cosmopolitan Vienna and provincial Bonn. He consoled himself with lecture tours and visiting professorships abroad. Meyer-Lübke was a leading Romance linguist of his time.

Key published works
 Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen ("Grammar of the Romance Languages") published in 4 volumes between 1890 and 1902.
 Einführung in das Studium der romanischen Sprachwissenschaft ("Introduction to the Study of Romance Linguistics"), 1901.
 Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch ("Etymological Dictionary of Romance"), Heidelberg, C. Winter, 1911.

Notes

External links

Linguists from Switzerland
Swiss Hispanists
Romance philologists
1861 births
1936 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
University of Zurich alumni
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
People from Dübendorf
Members of the Institute for Catalan Studies
Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America

Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke


iReview was a service offered by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) dedicated to reviews of Internet content. During the 2000 Macworld Conference in San Francisco, Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduced this service along with iTools, which was the free predecessor to Apple's current iCloud subscription service.

iReview was part of a reaction to the commercial success of the iMac that resulted in thousands of new computer owners suddenly having access to the Internet. The main purpose of the service was to give new users a place for detailed reviews on websites on the World Wide Web. iReview was integrated into the Apple website as part of the new "tabbed" layout, with a dedicated tab alongside iCards, iTools, the online store, QuickTime, and online support. Once a visitor clicked on the iReview tab, they could choose from one of 15 categories of websites for specific reviews on subjects that may be of interest. Each initial review was published by Apple employees, who gave their input on the site along with a detailed review and an overall rating. Visitors to iReview were also able to review and rate the sites themselves as well. Users could organize the viewing of reviews by ratings or by simple searches.

Cancellation
In February 2001, Apple cancelled the iReview service.  Its failure to generate traffic is generally attributed to a lack of awareness of the service by most web users, a lack of perceived openness of the system, and the idea that most people would typically not spend time reading others' opinions of websites when they could quickly generate their own opinions by visiting the sites themselves.

References

Apple Inc. services
Recommender systems

IReview


Cornelis Bloemaert II (1603 – 28 September 1692), was a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver.

Biography
Bloemaert was born at Utrecht.  He studied with his father, Abraham Bloemaert, his brothers Hendrick and Adriaan, and his father's pupil, Gerard van Honthorst. Though originally trained as a painter, he devoted himself primarily to printmaking, which he learned from Crispijn van de Passe. He went to Paris in 1630, where he made engravings from among others, Michel de Marolles's Temple des Muses, before going to Rome in 1633.  His chisel can be recognised by the colours' richness and the smoothness of their transitions. Amongst his pupils were Michel Natalis and Gilles Rousselet. Some of his better known engravings are of Annibale Carracci's The Holy Family, Pietro da Cortona's Adoration of the Shepherds, and Rubens' Meleager.

According to Houbraken he traveled to Rome, where he made prints of many Italian paintings. During 1664-1677, working with Charles de la Haye, he completed engraving of the Pietro da Cortona frescoes in the Palazzo Pitti, published as Heroicae Virtutes Imagines quas eques Petrus Beretinus pinxit Florentiae (1677).

In 1659 and 1667 he did frontispiece engravings for Daniello Bartoli's Istoria della Compagnia di Gesu. He was so successful that he stayed there until receiving word that his father wished to see him once more before he died. He delayed his return so long, that his father died, so he remained in Rome until his own death. He was a member of the Bentvueghels with the nickname Winter.

References

External links
Vermeer and The Delft School, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Cornelis Bloemaert

1603 births
1692 deaths
17th-century engravers
Dutch engravers
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Artists from Utrecht
Members of the Bentvueghels
Bloemaert family

Cornelis Bloemaert


An earthquake valve (or seismic valve) is an automatic method to shut off the low pressure regulated gas supply to a structure during a major earthquake and/or if a pipe is broken.  These are applicable both to utility-supplied natural gas and to gas from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). These small devices are installed on the property gas meter (usually between the utility company's metered installation and the structure piping) and are designed to instantly stop the natural gas supply in order to protect the structure if a gas leak or line break occurs during an earthquake.

Fires or explosions due to gas line breaks can be more damaging than the actual earthquake itself. Gas supply companies recommend that the gas supply be cut off immediately if there is a smell of gas after an earthquake; if nobody is in place to do this, an unattended earthquake valve will instantly cut off the gas.

Types of valve
Two types of valve are commonly employed: one is sensitive to motion and the other to excessive gas flow. One of each type can be connected sequentially for maximum reliability.

Motion sensing caged ball
A metal ball is retained away from an orifice by sitting upon a ring. Any shaking of the mechanism will cause the ball to roll off its ledge and fall down to block the orifice. It is reset using either an external magnetic device or an internal lift mechanism. If it is too sensitive, it may be triggered by normal vibrations such as passing vehicles. After a severe seismic event, gas piping may be damaged, requiring complete re-inspection for breaks or leaks. Seismic valves are available with pressure classes (7 psig and 60 psig max). An upstream pressure regulator can reduce the gas pressure below 60 psig before the seismic shut-off valves.

Excessive flow sensor
A valve is closed when the flow exceeds a certain limit that is appropriate to the application. This will only operate when a pipe is broken and there is significant leakage. It may not operate in case of a small, though still dangerous, leak.

See also
Compressed natural gas
Pressure regulator
Safety valve

References

Natural gas technology
Safety valves

Earthquake valve


Margaret Marshall Saunders CBE (April 13, 1861 – February 15, 1947) was a prolific Canadian writer of children's stories and romance novels, a lecturer, and an animal rights advocate. She was an active member of the Local Council of Women of Halifax.

Early life
Saunders was born April 13, 1861, in the village of Milton, Nova Scotia, one of four children born to Reverend Edmund M. and Maria (nee Freeman) Saunders. She spent most of her childhood in Berwick, Nova Scotia, where her father was a Baptist minister. She studied in Edinburgh, Scotland and Orleans, France at the age of 15, before returning to Halifax, where she took courses at Dalhousie for a year prior to launching her career a freelance writer. It was in response to the male dominated nature of the publishing industry and she shortened her name to Marshall Saunders.

Career

Saunders is most famous for her novel Beautiful Joe.  It tells the true story of a dog from Meaford, Ontario, that had his ears and tail chopped off by an abusive owner as a puppy, but is rescued by a Meaford family whose lives he later saves. The story is written from the dog's point of view, and is often compared to Black Beauty which was released a few years earlier.

In 1889 Saunders submitted Beautiful Joe to the American Humane Education Society Prize Competition "Kind and Cruel Treatment of Domestic Animals and Birds in the Northern States", and won a prize of $200. When the book was brought to publication in 1893, both the book and its subject received worldwide attention. It was the first Canadian book to sell over a million copies, and by the late 1930s had sold over seven million copies worldwide. It was also translated into many languages, including Esperanto.

Following the publication of Beautiful Joe, Saunders, along with author Lucy Maud Montgomery, founded the Nova Scotia branch of the Canadian Women's Press Club, going on to serve as the National Vice-President of the Maritime branches of the club.

Saunders wrote more than twenty other stories, a number of which provided social commentary on such things as the abolition of child labor, slum clearance, and the improvement of playground facilities. Saunders also wrote newspaper articles about supervised playgrounds for city children and other social issues in the Halifax Morning Chronicle and the Toronto Globe. She also lectured frequently, and belonged to many organizations including various humane societies. In 1914, Saunders moved into 66 St. George Street in downtown Toronto, and later moved in with her younger sister at 62 Glengowan Avenue. Margaret's house was always filled with pets including at one time 28 canaries. She had a tendency to name her pets after the locations where they had been found, and once had a pigeon named 38 Front Street, and a dog named Johnny Doorstep.

Saunders received an Honorary Master of Arts from Acadia University in 1911.

In 1934, at age 73, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (C.B.E.). That same year she also received a medal from the Société protectrice des animaux in Paris, France.

Death and legacy
Saunders died in 1947 in Toronto, Ontario, where she had lived for a number of years. She is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto. In 1953 a plaque was installed by the Nova Scotia Site and Monuments Board near the site where she was born in Milton, Nova Scotia, which was later moved to Tupper Park.

In 1994, the Beautiful Joe Heritage Society was formed to celebrate the life and story of Beautiful Joe and Saunders' achievements. A park dedicated to Beautiful Joe has been established in Meaford, Ontario, Canada

Bibliography
My Spanish Sailor  (1889)
Beautiful Joe  (1893)
Charles and His Lamb  (1895)
For the Other Boy's Sake, and Other Stories  (1896)
The House of Armour  (1897)
The King of the Park  (1897)
Deficient Saints  (1899)
For His Country  (1900)
Her Sailor  (1900)
Tilda Jane, An Orphan In Search of a Home  (1901)
Beautiful Joe's Paradise  (1902)
Nita, the Story of an Irish Setter  (1904)
The Story of Gravelys  (1904)
Princess Sukey; The Story of a Pigeon and Her Human Friends  (1905)
The Story of an Eskimo Dog  (1906)
My Pets  (1908)
Tilda Jane's Orphans  (1909)
The Girl from Vermont  (1910)
Pussy Black-Face  (1913)
Boy, the Wandering Dog  (1916)
Golden Dicky  (1919)
Bonnie Prince Fetlar  (1920)
Jimmy Gold-Coast  (1924)
Esther de Warren  (1927)

References

External links

1861 births
1947 deaths
Canadian animal rights activists
Canadian children's writers
Canadian women novelists
Canadian people of English descent
People from Queens County, Nova Scotia
Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century Canadian women writers
20th-century Canadian writers
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Writers from Nova Scotia
Canadian women children's writers

Margaret Marshall Saunders


Vincent Walker Foster Jr. (January 15, 1945 – July 20, 1993) was an American attorney. He served as Deputy White House Counsel for the first six months of President Bill Clinton's presidency until his death in July 1993. He was found dead by gunshot at a federal park in McLean, Virginia, at the age of 45. His death was ruled a suicide by five official governmental investigations. However, there are many conspiracy theories about Foster's death.

Foster was born in Hope, Arkansas. He married Elizabeth Braden in 1968. The couple had three children.

Other websites

1945 births
1993 deaths
Lawyers from Alabama
People from Hope, Arkansas
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Democrats (United States)
Conspiracy theories

Vince Foster


"Remember the Alamo" is a song written by Texan folk singer and songwriter Jane Bowers. Bowers details the last days of 180 soldiers during the Battle of the Alamo and names several famous figures who fought at the Alamo, including Mexican general Santa Anna and Texans: Jim Bowie, William Barrett Travis and Davy Crockett. It champions the Texans' efforts against Mexico to establish an independent republic.

Tex Ritter first released the song as the b-side of "Gunsmoke" in 1955. It was the first song in the catalogue of his and Johnny Bond's music company Vidor Publications. Ritter's recording was used in the film Down Liberty Road the following year. While the song was never a hit single and did not initially make a big impact on the folk community, it has since been covered by many important folk and country artists.

Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

Covers

The Kingston Trio's recording
The Kingston Trio met Jane Bowers while playing shows in Austin, Texas in the late 1950s. They went on to record several of her songs, including "Remember the Alamo".  The song was released with slightly different lyrics on their 1959 album At Large, which subsequently reached No. 1 on the Billboard pop album charts in the United States.

Johnny Cash's recording
In the early 1960s Johnny Cash recorded "Remember the Alamo" with Tex Ritter's original lyrics. He also utilized different instrumentation from the Kingston Trio's version by adding a military drumbeat and lush backing vocals. The song was included on his 1963 album Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash which also reached No. 1 in the United States.

Willie Nelson's recording
Willie Nelson recorded the song for his 1968 concept album Texas in My Soul. This version is very similar to the one by Johnny Cash.

Donovan's recording
British singer-songwriter Donovan recorded "Remember the Alamo" with a mix of both Kingston Trio revised lyrics and Tex Ritter's original lyrics in early 1965 for inclusion on his debut album What's Bin Did and What's Bin Hid:

Although he had never visited the United States, Donovan was deeply interested in the American folk tradition.  He stripped away all backing vocals, military drumbeats and militant guitar strumming and simply sang the song with an acoustic guitar as accompaniment. In early 1966, Donovan was still suffering from the legal battles between his original record label Pye Records and his new label Epic Records.  During the dispute, Pye Records released "Josie" without Donovan's approval and the single failed to chart.  Not long after, Pye Records culled "Remember the Alamo" from What's Bin Did and What's Bin Hid and prepared it for single release in the United Kingdom.  The song was backed with "The Ballad of a Crystal Man" and released in April 1966 (Pye 7N 17088).  The single was quickly withdrawn from the market not long after its release, ostensibly due to the ongoing contractual battles, and never charted.

John Otway and Wild Willy Barrett's recording
British musicians John Otway and Wild Willy Barrett recorded the song on their 1978 album Deep & Meaningless. The album was re-released in 2007. The version is a colourful one, with strangled singing, pounding drums and the sound of cannon. Unlike in other versions, the courier referred to in the third verse is a woman.

Asleep at the Wheel's recording
Texas Swing band Asleep at the Wheel released its version of the song in 2003 on Asleep at the Wheel Remembers The Alamo. Since the early 1970s this group has performed big band Western swing in the style of Bob Wills and The Texas Playboys, and has a devoted following in the US and the UK as well. The song is part of a theme album about the Battle of the Alamo, and includes traditional tunes ("Deguello", "The Yellow Rose of Texas") and more recent whimsical songs ("The Ballad of Davy Crockett", "Don't Go There"). "Remember the Alamo" is sung by longtime frontman Ray Benson, and the band performs the song in the traditional free and flowing Texas Swing style.

References

1955 singles
American folk songs
The Kingston Trio songs
Johnny Cash songs
Donovan songs
Songs about Texas
1955 songs
Cultural depictions of James Bowie
Cultural depictions of  Davy Crockett

Remember the Alamo (song)


Yansımalar (, meaning "reflections"), or Yansimalar in the West, is a Turkish group that compose and play contemporary ethnic music, classified as world music in the Western world. It is sometimes listed as Grup Yansımalar (formal Turkish prefix for bands).

It was founded in 1990 by Birol Yayla (guitarist, tanbur lutist) and Aziz Şenol Filiz (ney flutist). Their 2004 album Pervane ("Moth") was a noted world music album in Europe. They contributed the music for several Turkish movies, and are featured on the soundtrack of the film The Last Ottoman: Yandim Ali (2007).

Overview
In 1980, Birol Yayla and Aziz Şenol Filiz met at the conservatoire. In 1983, they joined the Turkish music chorus. In 1990, they formed Yansımalar: the name is the plural of the Turkish word yansıma (reflection), giving yansımalar (reflections), which as in English means both the reflection of the mirror and the reflection of the mind. Their music, mostly composed by Birol Yayla, is essentially instrumental, though a few pieces feature the sound of voice or breathing.

About their music, Mario Levi (the Turkish novelist from Izmir) wrote in his introduction to Pervane, "Some songs speak to you without words. Because those songs have a language. A language with its source in your personal history, or in collective memory. Some songs seem to caress you, and some, in the middle of the night, jar you to your depths. It's a bit as if these songs, with the passing of time, write their stories into you. From the first time I listened to the songs of 'Yansımalar', I have always had this feeling, and for me, this story continues in 'Pervane'. [...]".
Yansımalar 2004, Pervane, op. cit.

In 1991 and 1995, the founding pair recorded two albums, released by the newly created record label Kalan Müzik (1991). In 1996, the band was joined by Engin Gürkey (percussions) and Nezih Yeşilnil (double bass), who appear on the 3rd and following albums. In 2001, four guest musicians participated to the recording of the 4th album, and in 2004, eight guests are featured on the 5th album, including noted fretless guitarist Erkan Oğur.

They contributed music (along with Baba Zula) to the soundtrack for Derviş Zaim's first film, Tabutta Rövaşata (1996). And the music for Altın Kanatlar (2002, TV documentary), Ferhat'la Şirin (2002, movie), Esir Şehrin İnsanları (2003, TV miniseries featuring Oktay Kaynarca and Zeynep Tokuş). They were regular guests of music shows on BRT in 1999-2000 and on TRT in 2002–2003.

In 2007, they contributed music to the soundtrack of The Last Ottoman: Yandim Ali (Son Osmanlı: Yandım Ali), a noted Turkish film, based on a comic book by Suat Yalaz. Yansımalar (Birol Yayla) composed the music for 2 tracks, and the band contributed strings to about half of the tracks. The music was produced by Prince Claus Award laureate Hasan Saltık, founder of the Kalan record label.

Members
 Current members ()
 Birol Yayla (founder 1990) – acoustic guitar (AD Series Aria), classical guitar, Turkish tanbur lute, fretless lute, composer
 A. Şenol Filiz (founder 1990) – ney reed flute, bendir frame drum
 Engin Gürkey (since 1996) – percussions (daf tambourine, etc.)
 Nezih Yeşilnil (since 1996) – double bass

 Guest musicians (albums from 1991 to 2004)
Alphabetically: Suren Asaduryan (2001: duduk double reed flute), Reyent Bölükbaşı (2001: cello), Pınar  Duruk (2004: cello), Samim Karaca (2001, 2004: oud lute), Mehmet Kemiksiz (2004: voice), Ümit Kuzer (2004: sound pad), Erkan Oğur (2004: fretless classical guitar, kopuz lute), Taner Sayacıoğlu (2001, 2004: kanun zither), Fahrettin Yarkın (2004: bendir frame drum), Ferruh Yarkın (2004: dayereh frame drum).

Discography
 Studio albums
 1991 - Yansımalar (Yansimalar)
 1995 - Bab-ı Esrar (Bab-i Esrar)
 2000 - Serzeniş (Serzenis, Serzenish)
 2001 - Vuslat
 2004 - Pervane ("Moth")
 2013 - Mektup

 Featured on
 2007 - The Last Ottoman: Yandim Ali - soundtrack

References
 Sources consulted

 Endnotes

External links
 Official sites
  Yansimalar.com - official website
 Label discography with MP3 samples at Kalan.com

 Other sites (some errors in biography, derived from translating )

Turkish musical groups

Yansımalar


A supermarket, grocery store (or just grocery) is a retail store that sells food. Most grocery stores sell fresh fruit, vegetables, seafood, meat, and other prepared foods.

The person who controls a grocery store is called a grocer.  A grocer will order food from farmers or other people who send out farmers food to other grocery stores and restaurants.

Types of grocery stores
There are a range of different types and sizes of grocery stores.  Some grocery stores are small community stores with a limited range of items.  Other grocery stores are large, with a wide selection of food items.
They may also sell household cleaning and laundry supplies, and hygiene items (soap, toothpaste, etc.). They may also contain a pharmacy (known as a drug store or chemist in some places).

Items at a grocery store can be sold in one of two ways. Most fruits, vegetables, meat, and seafood are usually sold by weight (for example, apples cost 99 cents per pound), while other items are usually sold by quantity (for example, table salt costs $1.59 for each box). Not all items are the same price at each grocery store. Also, every week, some items at grocery stores cost less that what it normally would cost (we say that these items are "on sale"), so people would want to go buy them since they don't have to pay as much as they would normally have to get that item. Many grocery stores print a flyer that shows which items are on sale that week. These flyers are then sent to other people in the mail, who would read the flyer and go to the store to buy the items shown in it.

Supermarkets
Supermarkets are large grocery stores that sell a large variety of fresh and packaged food and other consumer or household products. Supermarkets are divided into sections, such as bakery, dairy, produce (fruits and vegetables), frozen, meat, and deli, along with a "general grocery" section where one can find packaged goods, cleaning supplies, and personal hygiene items. Many supermarkets today now also sell hot, prepared food that is ready to eat, or contains a food court with different fast food shops. The term "supermarket" usually refers to a larger store than the term "grocery store."

Hypermarkets
A hypermarket is a very large supermarket that is part of a larger general merchandise store such as Walmart, which also sells clothes, electronics, household hardware, and other items. It can be said to be a hybrid (or combination) of a grocery store and a department store. These stores are mainly found in suburbs where there is a lot of room to build and near where people live.

How to shop at a grocery store

Until the 20th century, grocery stores were small.  The owner, called a shopkeeper, would ask the customer what he or she would like to buy.  The shopkeeper would then get the items, bring it to the customer, and put them in bags which the customer would take with them.  He would then calculate how much the customer has to pay, and take the money from the customer.  The customer then took the bags of items out of the store by him/herself.

Today, most groceries stores are too big for one person to take care of.  Because of this, customers must find the items they wants by themselves.  Most often, the customer takes a shopping basket or shopping cart and put the items into the basket or cart.  For some items, like meat and seafood, the customer still has to have an employee get or prepare the item.  When customers have finished selecting, they bring the items to the "checkout", where a person called a cashier scans the customer's items into a cash register (or a computer as part of a point of sale system) and then takes the customer's payment.  Supermarkets typically accept payment by cash, debit cards, and/or credit cards.  In the 21st century, there are so-called self-checkout systems where customers scan the items themselves.

Many large supermarkets also have a loyalty program, where a customer can earn points by purchasing products. When a customer has enough points, a discount or reward is given. These programs are meant to make customers come back to the same store again and again.

Food and drink
Supermarkets

Supermarket


Rancho Notorious is a 1952 American Western film directed by Fritz Lang and starring Marlene Dietrich as the matron of a criminal hideout called Chuck-a-Luck. Arthur Kennedy and Mel Ferrer play rivals for her attention in this tale of frontier revenge.

The film was originally titled Chuck-a-Luck, with "The Legend of Chuck-a-Luck" as the title song, but the name was changed at the insistence of Howard Hughes, then head of RKO Pictures.

Plot
Wyoming ranch hand Vern Haskell is enraged when his fiancee Beth Forbes is abused and murdered during a store robbery. He sets out after the two thieves, first with a posse, then by himself. He finds one of them, Whitey, shot in the back by his partner after a quarrel. Whitey's dying words, "Chuck-a-luck", are the only clue to the second man's identity.

After questioning everyone he meets, Vern finally finds someone who lets slip that a woman named Altar Keane is connected with Chuck-a-luck. When the man realizes that Vern is just fishing for information, Vern is forced to kill him in self-defense. Vern is taken into custody, then released when the dead man is identified as a wanted outlaw. By a stroke of luck, a deputy knows Altar as a saloon singer from his past, though not her current whereabouts.

Vern learns that after Altar quit working for saloon owner Baldy Gunder, she bet her last $20 on his rigged chuck-a-luck game and won a lot of money, with gunslinger Frenchy Fairmont stepping in to help her. In the town of Gunsight, Vern learns that Frenchy is in jail, so he deliberately gets himself arrested.

After they break out, Frenchy takes Vern to the Chuck-a-Luck, a horse ranch near the Mexican border owned by Altar. The ranch is a hideout available to any outlaw who is willing to pay 10% of his ill-gotten gains. Vern finds a bunch of men in residence but has no idea if the killer is one of them. One does, however, recognize him.

The newcomer quickly catches Altar's eye. One night, Vern notices that Altar is wearing a brooch that he gave to Beth. He sets out to romance Altar to find out who gave it to her. This makes Frenchy very jealous.

Vern is forced to go along on a bank robbery, during which one of the others, Kinch, secretly shoots at him. When he takes Altar her share of the proceeds, she finally informs him that Kinch gave her the jewelry. Vern reveals his true purpose and his disdain for Altar's profession. Altar is shamed and decides to give it all up. However, before she can leave, a gunfight breaks out between Vern and Frenchy on one side and the rest of the outlaws on the other. Altar is killed protecting Frenchy. Kinch also dies, ending Vern's quest.

Cast

Marlene Dietrich as Altar Keane
Arthur Kennedy as Vern Haskell
Mel Ferrer as Frenchy Fairmont
Gloria Henry as Beth Forbes
William Frawley as Baldy Gunder
Lisa Ferraday as Maxine
John Raven as Chuck-a-luck dealer
Jack Elam as Mort Geary
George Reeves as Wilson
Frank Ferguson as Preacher
Francis McDonald as Harbin
Lloyd Gough as Kinch
Russell Johnson as Chuck-a-Luck wheel spinner (uncredited)
Emory Parnell as Sheriff #2

Reception

Critical response
When Rancho Notorious was released, Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was critical of the film: "In the department of western action, the show has its interesting points, including a couple of fist-and-gun fights that have been racily staged by Fritz Lang. Anyone who will settle for stick-ups and slug fests and pistol duels, all in Technicolor, may find enough in this picture to satiate his lust. Hungry-looking actors swagger and snarl in the outlaw roles. But anyone who expects a western picture to match the character of its able female star had better look in another direction. This one is run-of-the-mill."

The staff at Variety magazine gave the film and Marlene Dietrich a much more positive review: "This Marlene Dietrich western has some of the flavor of the old outdoor classics (like the actress's own onetime Destry Rides Again) without fully capturing their quality and magic. The characters play the corny plot [original story by Silvia Richards] straight; directing keeps the pace lively and interesting, and the outdoor shots, abetted by the constant splash of color, are eye-arresting. Dietrich is as sultry and alluring as ever ... Dietrich is a dazzling recreation of the old time saloon mistress, and handles her song, 'Get Away, Young Man', with her usual throaty skill."

References

External links

1952 films
1952 Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
Film noir
American films about revenge
Films directed by Fritz Lang
Films scored by Emil Newman
Films set in Wyoming
RKO Pictures films
1950s English-language films
1950s American films
English-language Western (genre) films

Rancho Notorious


The Security Parameter Index (SPI) is an identification tag added to the header while using IPsec for tunneling the IP traffic.  This tag helps the kernel discern between two traffic streams where different encryption rules and algorithms may be in use.

The SPI (as per RFC 2401) is a required part of an IPsec Security Association (SA) because it enables the receiving system to select the SA under which a received packet will be processed.  An SPI has only local significance, since it is defined by the creator of the SA; an SPI is generally viewed as an opaque bit string. However, the creator of an SA may interpret the bits in an SPI to facilitate local processing.

This works like port numbers in TCP and UDP connections. What it means is that there could be different SAs used to provide security to one connection. An SA could therefore act as a set of rules.

Carried in Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) header or Authentication Header (AH), its length is 32 bits.

References

IPsec
Internet protocols

Security Parameter Index


Octav Onicescu (; August 20, 1892 – August 19, 1983) was a Romanian mathematician and a member of the Romanian Academy. Together with his student, Gheorghe Mihoc, he is considered to be the founder of the Romanian school of probability theory and statistics.

Biography
He was born in Botoșani, the son of Vlad Onicescu, from Ștefănești, Botoșani County, and Ana, from Oniceni, Neamț County. He graduated from the Botoșani A. T. Laurian High School in 1911 with a perfect average grade of 10. That same year, he entered the University of Bucharest, from where he graduated with degrees in mathematics and philosophy in 1913. From 1914 to 1916 he was a mathematics teacher at the military gymnasium of Dealu Monastery, near Târgoviște. From 1916 to 1918 he fought in World War I.

In 1919, Onicescu went to study geometry at the University of Rome, under the guidance of Tullio Levi-Civita. He earned his PhD in June, 1920 for a thesis titled  Sopra gli spazi einsteiniani a gruppi continui di transformazione ("On Einstein manifolds and groups of continuous transformations"). The thesis, which dealt with problems in differential geometry related to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, was defended in front of a jury of 11 mathematicians, including Levi-Civita, Vito Volterra, and Guido Castelnuovo.

In the fall of 1920 he went to Paris, where he gave talks in Jacques Hadamard's seminar at the Collège de France. While in Paris, he organized a seminar with other Romanian mathematicians, including Petre Sergescu, Șerban Gheorghiu, Alexandru Pantazi, and Șerban Coculescu.

In 1922, he returned to Bucharest, where he embarked on a 40-year-long university career. In 1924, he started teaching the first college-level probability theory course in Romania. From 1928 on, he was professor at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Bucharest, and was appointed full professor in 1931. In 1930, he organized the School of Statistics and established an Institute of Calculus, serving as its director for many years. In 1936 he entered the Legionary Movement. The Romanian poet and mathematician Ion Barbu (Dan Barbilian) was a close friend of his.

Onicescu was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1928 at Bologna and in 1936 at Oslo. He was elected corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1933, and became titular member on February 4, 1965. He was in charge of the Probability Theory section of the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy.

He died in Bucharest on the eve of his 91st birthday, after a short illness.

Legacy
Onicescu was one of the founders of the Balkan Union of Mathematicians (in 1934) and of the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences in Udine (in 1968).

The "Octav Onicescu" museum, founded in Botoșani in October 1995, houses furniture and memorabilia that belonged to him, including manuscripts, letters, diplomas, books, photographs, and military decorations. The memorial house doesn't exist anymore.

Oniscescu defined and studied the information energy and correlation coefficient in information theory.

References
 Biography, at the Octav Onicescu National College, in Bucharest
 Marius Iosifescu, "Octav Onicescu, 1892-1983", International Statistical Review, vol. 54, no. 1 (1986), pp. 97–108
 Christopher Charles Heyde and Eugene Seneta, "Statisticians of the Centuries", Springer, New York, 2006.

External links

1892 births
1983 deaths
People from Botoșani
University of Bucharest alumni
Romanian military personnel of World War I
Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
20th-century Romanian mathematicians
Romanian statisticians
Probability theorists
Differential geometers
Titular members of the Romanian Academy

Octav Onicescu


Google Keep is a note-taking service included as part of the free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. The service also includes: Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms and Google Sites. Google Keep is available as a web application as well as mobile app for Android and iOS. The app offers a variety of tools for taking notes, including texts, lists, images, and audio. Text from images can be extracted using optical character recognition and voice recordings can be transcribed. The interface allows for a single-column view or a multi-column view. Notes can be color-coded and labels can be applied to notes to categorize them. Later updates have added functionality to pin notes and to collaborate on notes with other Keep users in real-time.

Google Keep has received mixed reviews. A review just after its launch in 2013 praised its speed, the quality of voice notes, synchronization, and the widget that could be placed on the Android home screen. Reviews in 2016 have criticized the lack of formatting options, inability to undo changes, and an interface that only offers two view modes where neither was liked for their handling of long notes. However, Google Keep received praise for features including universal device access, native integration with other Google services, and the option to turn photos into text through optical character recognition.

Google ended support for the Google Keep Chrome app in February 2021, though Google Keep itself will continue to be accessible through other apps and directly in web browsers.

Features
Google Keep allows users to make different kinds of notes, including: texts, lists, images and audio. Users can set reminders, which are integrated with Google Now, with options for time or location. Text from images can be extracted using optical character recognition technology. Voice recordings created through Keep are automatically transcribed. Keep can convert text notes into checklists. Users can choose between a single-column view and a multi-column view. Notes can be color-coded, with options for: white, red, orange, yellow, green, teal, blue or gray. Users can press a "Copy to Google Doc" button that automatically copies all text into a new Google Docs document. Users can create notes and lists by voice. Notes can be categorized using labels, with a list of labels in the app's navigation bar.

Updates
In November 2014, Google introduced a real-time note cooperation feature between different Keep users, as well as a search feature determined by attributes, such as color, sharing status or the kind of content in the note. In October 2016, Google added the ability for users to pin notes. In February 2017, Google integrated Google Keep with Google Docs, providing access to notes while using Docs on the web. Google Assistant could previously maintain a shopping list within Google Keep. This feature was moved to Google Express in April 2017, resulting in a severe loss of functionality. In July 2017, Google updated Keep on Android with the ability for users to undo and redo changes.

Platforms
Google Keep was launched on March 20, 2013 for the Android operating system and on the web. The Android app is compatible with Wear OS. Users can create new notes using voice input, add and check off items in lists and view reminders.

An app for the iOS operating system was released on September 24, 2015.

Reception

2013
In a May 2013 review, Alan Henry of Lifehacker wrote that the interface was "colorful and easy to use" and that the colors actually served a purpose in organization and contrast. Henry praised: the speed, quality of voice notes, synchronization, and Android home screen widget. He criticized the web interface, as well as the lack of an iOS app.

Time listed Google Keep among its 50 best Android applications for 2013.

2016
In a January 2016 review, JR Raphael of Computerworld wrote that "Keep is incredibly close to being an ideal tool for me to collect and manage all of my personal and work-related notes. And, as evidenced by the fact that I continue to use it, its positives outweigh its negatives for me and make it the best all-around option for my needs", praising what he calls Keep's "killer features", namely simplicity, "easy universal access" and native integration with other Google services. However, he characterized Keep's lack of formatting options, the inability to undo or revert changes and a missing search functionality within notes as "lingering weaknesses".

In a July 2016 review, Jill Duffy of PC Magazine wrote that the interface was best described as "simplicity" and criticized it for offering list and grid views that did not make finding information quick or easy. Adding that "Most of my notes are text-based recipes, which are quite long", Duffy said the list view was "even worse" than the grid view as it only showed "one note at a time and it's the most recently edited note." She wrote that the web interface was lacking in functionality present in the apps. The mobile app's offering to take a photo and run optical character recognition to have the scan turned into text was described as a "shining star", with the comment "It's an amazing feature, and it works very well". She also criticized the lack of formatting options and that sharing options are "possible but not very refined".

See also
 Comparison of notetaking software
 Google Notebook
 Google Jamboard

References

External links

2013 software
Keep
Android (operating system) software
Note-taking software
IOS software
Google Docs Editors

Google Keep


Pat Liddy (Irish: Pádraig Ó Lideadha, born 1944 in Dublin) is an Irish artist, historian, writer, illustrator, broadcaster, mapmaker, and environmental lobbyist. The author and illustrator of over seven books on the city, as well as others on Irish cultural sites, he is the walking tour operator of Pat Liddy's Walking Tours of Dublin.

Early life and education
He grew up in the inner north city suburb of Phibsborough, the only child of Brendan (born St Peter's Road, Phibsborough) and Maureen (née Mac Mahon) from Kilmainhamwood, County Meath. He was fortunate to have as a playground the semi-rural surrounds of the Royal Canal, the nearby Botanical Gardens and the Victorian urban landscape which helped to fuel his artistic imagination and love of history.  He was educated at St. Vincent's CBS, Glasnevin.

Always interested in art, Pat Liddy entered and won several art competitions as a teenager and young adult. One such endeavour, a balsa wood model of his imaginary concept for a then proposed Roman Catholic cathedral in Dublin, is today on view in the Tara's Palace Museum of Childhood in Powerscourt House in Co. Wicklow.

Early career

Liddy had initially wanted to be an architect but disliked the way architecture was developing in the early 1960s, especially in his native Dublin, and decided instead to join the national airline, Aer Lingus, in April 1963. In this capacity, he took the opportunities from discounted travel to travel all over the world. These experiences only reinforced Liddy's growing certainty that Dublin was one of the great but undervalued cities of Europe.

Career
Using his skills of self-taught architectural draftsmanship and general artistic ability, Liddy started to paint and draw scenes from the urban landscape in an attempt to bring attention to the uniqueness and charm of Dublin before those places disappeared forever. The 1970s was a time when a good deal of second-rate redevelopment was clearing away much of the run-down but historic fabric of the city in the name of progress.

Starting in 1982 and running until 1989, Liddy's weekly column in The Irish Times, called "Dublin Today," featured a pen and ink sketch of a building or place of interest in the city and was accompanied by a description of around 400 words. This long-running series gained a huge following and played an important part in a newfound determination among ordinary people, businesses, property owners and Dublin City Council to rediscover and enhance the city.

Liddy's first book, Dublin Today, published in 1984, arose directly from The Irish Times series. Several more books followed including the popular flagship book, Dublin Be Proud, published during the Dublin Millennium of 1988. It had the unusual distinction of being a number 1 non-fiction best-seller simultaneously in paperback and hardcover.

When the famous Irish traditional music group, The Chieftains, went on a ground-breaking trip to China in 1983 and held many concerts there, Liddy accompanied them and wrote articles on the visit for The Irish Times and The Cork Examiner and on his return held an exhibition of watercolours based on the trip in the renowned Chester Beatty Library. In 1988, on behalf of the Irish American Cultural Institute and Aer Lingus, he undertook 22-city tour of the US promoting Dublin's historical and cultural attractions.

Taking early retirement from Aer Lingus in 1994 he turned his attention full-time to painting, drawing, exploring and writing about the historic buildings, scenic places and exciting new developments in his native city. He combined these skills with his active promotion, both at home and abroad, for the appreciation and protection of what he believed was the unique cultural and architectural heritage of Dublin. He featured in many TV programmes and series, among others a popular 2009 RTÉ One series On the Street Where You Live.

In the early 1990s Liddy was a member of a group that researched and successfully lobbied the Irish government for the introduction of a light rail system into Dublin, now known as the Luas. One offshoot from his local historical knowledge was the invitation on several occasions to name streets and roads in new housing developments.

The most widely distributed tourist map of Dublin, "The Dublin Visitor Map" (13 million copies to date), was designed by Liddy in 1999 (in conjunction with the Dublin City Business Association) and is annually updated by him.

Turning his hand to sculptural design, Liddy designed the Mass Rock Memorial in the village of Lyre, County Cork in 2000 (Mass rocks were substitute altars in rural Ireland during times when the Roman Catholic Church and its services were banned by the authorities from the 16th to the 18th centuries). The annual Dublin Moon Walk, a mid-summer all-night walk fundraiser, with a different route each year, is designed by Liddy in association with the Diabetes Association of Ireland. In 2004, special editions of his book, Dublin A Celebration, were adopted as gifts from the Irish Government to the heads of state and senior ministers of the other European Union's countries to celebrate the accession of the new states in 2004.

Founded in 2005, Pat Liddy's Walking Tours of Dublin, is now one of the city's largest multilingual walking tour guiding companies with a group of professional dedicated guides. The walks he designed show the highlights and hidden gems of Dublin city. Since 2008 Liddy has also led an annual series of free cultural walks around Dublin organised by the Dublin City Council: Hundreds of people participate in each walk.

In May 2011, Liddy received the Lord Mayor's Award in recognition of his dedication to raising awareness of Dublin's architectural and cultural heritage. In the same year, he had the honour of introducing some of Dublin educational and charity organisation dignitaries to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom during her historic visit to Ireland.

Awards and distinctions
 Winner (model section) Caltex Art Competition 1961 and 1962
 Honorary citizen, San Jose, California, 1988
 Co-leader of the St Patrick's Day parade, St. Louis, Missouri, 1988
 Ford Cultural Award, 1991
 The Irish Times Living Dublin Award, 2006
 Category winner in the Digital Media Ireland Awards, 2008
 Dublin Lord Mayor's Award, 2011

Personal life
He still lives on the north side in the suburb of Artane. One of his main interests is in early music and in the late '90s and early '00s was a part-time manager of the music group the Capriol Consort, under director Professor Doris Keogh. Liddy was married in 1976 to Josephine Murphy (born Lyre, County Cork) and has three children: Anne Marie, Pádraig and Brendan; and two grandchildren: Rosemary and Senan.

Publications (text and illustrations)
 Weekly column in The Irish Times, 1982–1989
 Album cover photographs of The Chieftains in China, 1985
 Dublin Today, 1985
 Dublin be Proud, 1987
 Dublin Stolen From Time, 1990
 50 Years A Growin': The Story of Maryfield College, 1995
 Walking Dublin, 1998 & 2000
 Dublin A Celebration, 2000
 Secret Dublin, 2001
 "The Story of Coolock Artane Credit Union," 2001
 Ongar, In the Ancient Barony of Castleknock, 2001
 The Changing Landscapes of Dublin, 2003
 "Serving Our Community 1965–2005, Coolock Artane Credit Union," 2005

Electronic media
 Newstalk radio series Hidden Dublin
 Various RTÉ documentaries and current affairs programmes
 Regular interviews on national and regional radio stations
 Tourist documentaries on radio and TV for overseas companies from Canada, the US, South Korea, the UK, Germany, Netherlands, Australia, France, Norway, Spain and Israel among others.
 Dublin Tourism Podcast I-Walks 2009
 Fáilte Ireland Podcast I-Walks 2013

Exhibitions
 Watercolours & Photographs of China, Chester Beatty Library, 1983
 Dublin in Drawings & Watercolours, Arnott's Department Store Gallery, 1984 & 1988
 UBS Gallery, Zurich, The Dublin & Zurich Homes of James Joyce, 1989
 Dublin in paintings, Brussels, 1989
 Malton to Liddy, Dublin Civic Museum, 1991 (collection now held in the Dublin City Council archives)
 The Castles of Dublin & Its Pale, Bank of Ireland Art Centre, 2005
 The Changing Landscapes of Dublin, Dublin City Hall, 2004

References

External links
 Pat Liddy's Walking Tours of Dublin

1944 births
Living people
Writers from Dublin (city)
Businesspeople from Dublin (city)
People educated at St. Vincent's C.B.S., Glasnevin

Pat Liddy


Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1131–1155) was a prince of the kingdom of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales.

Maredudd was the fifth of six sons of Gruffydd ap Rhys, and the third of four by Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd; he also had two older half-brothers, Anarawd and Cadell, by Gruffydd's first wife. He was only five years old when his mother and brothers Morgan and Maelgwyn were killed at Cydweli (Kidwelly). His father died the following year. At the age of 16 he is recorded helping his half-brother Cadell, now King of Deheubarth, to expel the Normans from Ceredigion. He then successfully defended Carmarthen castle against a Norman assault, hurling down the scaling ladders.

In 1151 he took a prominent part in winning back the northern part of Ceredigion from Gwynedd. The same year Cadell was attacked by a force of Normans while out hunting and left for dead. He survived, but was so badly injured that the effective rule of Deheubarth fell on Maredudd. In 1153 Cadell left on a pilgrimage to Rome, leaving Maredudd as King of Deheubarth.

Maredudd died two years later in 1155, leaving the throne of Deheubarth to his younger brother Rhys, later known as The Lord Rhys.

References

John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmams, Green & Co.)#]
https://biography.wales/article/s-MARE-APG-1130

1131 births
1155 deaths
House of Dinefwr
Monarchs of Deheubarth
12th-century Welsh monarchs
Welsh princes
British people of Scandinavian descent

Maredudd ap Gruffydd


Streptococcus is a genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. They are cocci, meaning that they are shaped like spheres or circles. Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria, and thus they grow in chains or pairs, hence the name from Greek στρεπτος streptos, meaning easily bent or twisted, like a chain (twisted chain). Contrast this with staphylococci, which divide along multiple axes and generate grape-like clusters of cells. Streptococci are oxidase and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes.

Gram-positive bacteria

Streptococcus


Shark Attack 3: Megalodon is the second sequel to Shark Attack, released in 2002 direct-to-video. The film is notable for featuring John Barrowman, who later found fame in popular shows such as Doctor Who and Torchwood. Barrowman has said in an interview on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross that he only did the film for the money (on QI, he claimed it paid for his first house), and was rather embarrassed when a clip from the film was shown. Actress Jenny McShane from the first Shark Attack film has a starring role, albeit as a completely different character.

When two researchers discover a colossal shark's tooth off the Mexican coast their worst fears surface - the most menacing beast to ever rule the waters, Megalodon, is still alive and mercilessly feeding on anything that crosses its path. The film is also notable because certain clips from it have become popular internet memes due to the unconvincing special effects, size-changing shark, and bizarre dialogue.

Plot
A group of divers are installing a power cable at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, when a shark swims up and kills one of them. Six months later, lifeguard Ben Carpenter and his partner Esai drive out to sea to catch some lobster. While diving, Ben finds a broken power cable with a large shark tooth stuck in it. After he pulls out the tooth, he is caught by two other divers, and soon goes back to land. Later he posts a description of the tooth online, but as he cannot find a matching shark tooth on the internet, he names it "mystery shark". Natural history researcher named Cataline "Cat" Stone gets the message, finds him and looks at the tooth. She believes it to come from a huge prehistoric shark called megalodon (Greek for "big tooth").

Ben meets with his friend Chuck Rampart, who tells him he intends to take a look at the broken power cable. Ben tells him about the shark. Later, the animal kills two people who use a waterslide in the middle of the night. The next day Cat and her partners go out on a boat to find and tag the megalodon, which is revealed to only be a  juvenile. The shark shows up and smashes into their boat. Davis films it while Cat hooks a camera onto the sharks dorsal fin. The megalodon leaves and later kills a man who is playing frisbee on the beach with his dog. Ben finds the man's severed leg and informs Cat about the attack; she in turn tells him about the megalodon, additionally saying it is a juvenile. Angry that she lied to him, he leaves.

The next day Ben, Cat, Davis and another partner go out to kill the shark, which they find out is heading toward a nearby resort. They manage to drive it back out to sea, where it kills several more people. Ben tries to get his boss, Luis Ruiz, to close the beaches. Ruiz says he will, and then tells Ben to kill the megalodon.

The crew goes back out to sea to kill the shark for good. Ben stabs the animal, which in turn begins ramming the boat, knocking Davis out cold. Cat goes into the cabin to get her shotgun, but the megalodon bursts into the boat, trying to eat her. Ben comes to her aid, beating the shark with a bat. Cat grabs her gun and shoots the shark, killing it. Afterwards, Esai arrives on his speedboat, when suddenly, the first shark's enraged mother, a much larger  megalodon, surfaces and swallows him and his boat whole. The shark then capsizes the boat, and swallows Davis and his friend in one bite. Ben and Cat are rescued by a helicopter and leave. Ben shows Ruiz the shark tooth, but his boss still refuses to close the beaches. Later Ben and Cat go over to Chuck's house, loading a torpedo into Chuck's midget submarine.

The next day, Ben and Chuck go down in the submarine. The megalodon attacks a yacht, slamming into it a couple of times, knocking several people overboard. They escape to two large safety rafts. Ruiz steals a woman's life jacket and jumps off the yacht, only to be swallowed whole by the shark, as is one of the rafts. Tolley attempts to escape on a jet ski, but he ends up driving straight into the megalodon's wide open jaw. Chuck then goes into the water and tags the shark. Ben eventually launches the torpedo, which succeeds in destroying the creature. Ben swims to the surface with Chuck and climbs into the raft. They all celebrate their success, elsewhere another megalodon is shown swimming near a shore, hinting there might be more megalodons.

Cast
 John Barrowman as Ben Carpenter
 Jenny McShane as Cataline Stone
 Ryan Cutrona as Chuck Rampart
 Bashar Rahal as Luis Ruiz
 George Stanchev as Esai/"Sy"
 Harry Anichkin as Mr. Tolley
 Rosi Chernogorova as Sherry
 Plamen Zahov as Hector
 Ivo Tonchev as Ramirez
 Georgio Borissov as Raymond
 Jordan Karadjov as Chimpy
 Yavor Ralinov as Phillip
 Nikolay Sotirov as Davis
 Atanas Srebrev as Freidman
 Miroslav Marinov as Paul
 Velizar Peev as Harry
 Atanas Georgiev as Scott
 Malina Georgieva as Gina
 Simeon Vladov as Chris

Reception
Critical response was mostly negative. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 20% based on reviews from 5 critics.

Scott Weinberg of efilmcritic.com writes: "The awfulness is one thing; the plagiarism is something else" and suggested the film makers plagiarized the novel Meg: A Novel of Deep Terror. Weinberg says he got a single laugh from the terrible dialog and that "Shark Attack 3 is simply inept in every way".

Internet meme
 A clip showing the shark attacking the yacht has received over 60 million views on YouTube.
 A video on YouTube entitled "That Famous Line" shows a scene from the movie, in which John Barrowman's character proposes to Jenny McShane's character "What do you say I take you home and eat your pussy?" and has received over two million views. In an interview on Jonathan Ross, Barrowman stated the director asked him to improvise a line in order to make McShane laugh and he came up with it, and was surprised that it was kept in the film when he watched with his nephews for the first time. McShane gave no reaction to Barrowman's line. Director David Worth said he had kept the line in the film because he found it hilarious.

See also
 Shark Attack
 Shark Attack 2
 Shark Zone
 Megalodon
 Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus
 Mega Shark Versus Mecha Shark

References

External links

2002 horror films
2002 films
2002 direct-to-video films
2002 action films
2000s thriller films
Nu Image films
Internet memes
Films about shark attacks
2000s monster movies
Giant monster films
Films shot in Bulgaria
Direct-to-video sequel films
American monster movies
Films directed by David Worth (cinematographer)
2000s English-language films
Films produced by Boaz Davidson
2000s American films

Shark Attack 3


Jimmy Dale Sexton (born December 15, 1951) is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Houston Astros, Oakland Athletics, and St. Louis Cardinals. Sexton signed his first professional contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1970. In his minor league career, Sexton batted .282 with 951 hits in 3,373 at-bats, and 137 doubles, 36 triples, and 30 home runs. In his major league career, Sexton batted .218 with 81 hits in 372 at-bats, with 9 doubles, 3 triples, 5 home runs, 24 RBIs, and 36 stolen bases.

Professional career

Pittsburgh Pirates
Sexton began his professional career within the Pittsburgh Pirates organization, playing for the rookie-level GCL Pirates of the Gulf Coast League in 1970. He batted .283 with 2 doubles in 33 games. The next season, Sexton continued to play for the GCL Pirates. He batted .244 with 2 doubles, and 1 triple in 35 games. In 1972, Sexton was promoted to the short-season Niagara Falls Pirates of the New York–Penn League. That season, Sexton batted .288 with 2 doubles, and 3 triples in 69 games. Sexton was promoted again to start the 1973 season, this time playing for the Class-A Salem Pirates of the Carolina League. In 124 games, Sexton batted .269 with 17 doubles, 3 triples, and 3 home runs with Salem. The next season, he was promoted to the Double-A Thetford Mines Pirates of the Eastern League. Sexton batted .249 with 14 doubles, 1 triples, 3 home runs, 32 RBIs, and 31 stolen bases. Sexton was fifth in the Eastern League in stolen bases. Sexton stayed at the Double-A level in 1975, this time playing for the Shreveport Captains in the Texas League. He batted .274 with 23 doubles, 5 triples, 3 home runs, 28 RBIs, and 48 stolen bases. That season, Sexton led the Texas League in stolen bases. In 1976, Sexton split the season between the Double-A Shreveport Captains, and the Triple-A Charleston Charlies of the International League. In 59 games at the Double-A level, Sexton batted .324 with 14 doubles, 2 triples, 4 home runs, 30 RBIs, and 11 stolen bases in 207 at-bats. After his promotion to the Triple-A level that season, Sexton batted .273 with 8 doubles, 1 triple, 3 home runs, 12 RBIs, and 13 stolen bases in 49 games.

Seattle Mariners
On December 7, 1976, the Pirates traded Sexton along with shortstop Craig Reynolds for left-handed pitcher Grant Jackson. Despite making the major league roster in the beginning of the season, Sexton was assigned to the Triple-A San Jose Missions of the Pacific Coast League on April 8, 1977. With the Missions, he batted .256 with 13 doubles, 5 triples, 2 home runs, 23 RBIs, and 52 stolen bases. Sexton was third in the Pacific Coast League in stolen bases that season. As a member of the Mariners' inaugural season, Sexton batted .216 with 1 double, 1 triple, 1 home run, 3 RBIs, and 1 stolen bases in 14 games. Sexton made his major league debut on September 2, against the Toronto Blue Jays and in 4 at-bats, Sexton went without a hit. Sexton's first hit was a single to left field on September 4, against Toronto Blue Jays' pitcher Jerry Garvin. Sexton also hit his first major league home run that game in the 7–2 Mariners' win.

Houston Astros
Sexton was traded to the Houston Astros for Leon Roberts on December 6, 1977. In his first season with the Astros, 1978, Sexton batted .206 with 3 doubles, 2 triples, 2 home runs, 6 RBIs, and 16 stolen bases. Sexton played shortstop, second base, and third base for the Astros that season. The next season, Sexton again spent the entire season on the major league roster. In 52 games with Houston, Sexton batted .209 with 8 runs, 1 RBIs, 1 stolen bases, and 7 walks in 43 at-bats. In 1980, Sexton was assigned to the Triple-A Tucson Toros of the Pacific Coast League. During his stint with the Toros, Sexton batted .296 with 18 doubles, 6 triples, 1 home runs, 33 RBIs, and 55 stolen bases. He was third in the Pacific Coast League in stolen bases that season, behind Marshall Edwards who had 68 stolen bases, and Kim Allen who had 84 stolen bases.

Oakland Athletics
The Houston Astros traded Sexton to the Oakland Athletics on February 13, 1981, for a player to be named later or cash considerations. That season, Sexton played for both the Athletics at the major league level and the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers of the Pacific Coast League. He began the season with the Tigers and batted .319 with 16 doubles, 8 triples, 4 home runs, 35 RBIs, and 56 stolen bases. Sexton was tied with Rudy Law for second in the Pacific Coast League in stolen bases, behind Alan Wiggins who had 73 stolen bases. Sexton made his A's debut on September 8, in a game where he replaced Wayne Gross as a pinch runner, and scored a run. After 7 games with the Athletics in 1981, Sexton went hitless and stole 2 bases. In 1982, Sexton again split the season between the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers, and the major league Athletics. With the Tigers, Sexton batted .310 with 4 doubles, 2 home runs, 6 RBIs, and 9 stolen bases. Sexton played his first major league game of the season on April 8. With Oakland, Sexton batted .245 with 4 doubles, 2 home runs, 14 RBIs, and 16 stolen bases. On June 6, 1983, Sexton was designated for assignment, and was later released by the Athletics.

Chicago White Sox
On June 23, 1983, Sexton was signed by the Chicago White Sox. He played for the Denver Bears, the Triple-A affiliate of the White Sox. On August 10, Sexton was released by the White Sox.

St. Louis Cardinals
Sexton signed with the St. Louis Cardinals on August 15, 1983, and played for both the Triple-A Louisville Redbirds of the American Association, and the major league Cardinals. Between the Redbirds and the Bears in 1983, Sexton batted .300 with 4 doubles, 1 triple, and 5 home runs. With the Cardinals, Sexton batted .111 in 6 games. The next season, Sexton played with the Triple-A Louisville Redbirds, and batted .217 in 9 games. That season, 1984, would prove to be Sexton's last season in professional baseball.

References

External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)

1951 births
Living people
Cardenales de Lara players
Charleston Charlies players
Denver Bears players
Gulf Coast Pirates players
Houston Astros players
Louisville Redbirds players
Major League Baseball shortstops
Niagara Falls Pirates players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Oakland Athletics players
Salem Pirates players
San Jose Missions players
Seattle Mariners players
Shreveport Captains players
Baseball players from Mobile, Alabama
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tacoma Tigers players
Thetford Mines Pirates players
Tucson Toros players

Jimmy Sexton


The Isle of Man Government () is the government of the Isle of Man.  The formal head of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor, representing HM Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann.  The executive head is the Chief Minister.

Douglas, the largest town on the Isle of Man is its capital and seat of government, where the Government offices and the parliament chambers () are located.

The Civil Service has more than 2000 employees and the total number of public sector employees including the Civil Service, teachers, nurses, police, etc. is about 9000 people. This is somewhat more than 10% of the population of the Island, and a full 23% of the working population. This does not include any military forces, as defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom.

Government structure
The Government consists of nine departments, ten statutory boards and three offices all reporting to the Council of Ministers. The departments all report directly to the Council of Ministers.

Statutory boards and offices are listed below the Department to which they report.

Council of Ministers
The Personnel Office
Civil Service Commission
Whitley Council (for manual workers)
Chief Secretary's Office
Attorney General's Chambers

Departments
Treasury
Financial Supervision Commission
Insurance and Pensions Authority
General Registry
Department of Home Affairs
Communications Commission
Department of Health
Department of Education and Children
Department of Economic Development
Office of Fair Trading
Isle of Man Post Office
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority
Manx Electricity Authority
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture
Department of Social Care
Non-departmental bodies
 Manx National Heritage is a non-departmental organization, run by trustees appointed by Tynwald.
 The Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission is an independent body, originally created in 1960 as the Isle of Man Gaming Board, with members appointed by the Council of Ministers.
 The Isle of Man Data Protection Supervisor is responsible for the administration of data protection in the Isle of Man.

Ministers

Treasury - Hon Anne Craine MHK
Department of Home Affairs - Hon Adrian Earnshaw MHK
Department of Health - Hon David Anderson MHK
Department of Education and Children - Hon Eddie Teare MHK
Department of Economic Development - Hon Allan Bell MHK
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure - Hon David Cretney MHK
Department of Infrastructure - Hon Phil Gawne MHK
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture - Hon John Shimmin MHK
Department of Social Care - Hon Martyn Quayle MHK

Statutory Boards
Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading
Chairman: Bill Henderson MHK
Chief Executive: Nick Black
Financial Supervision Commission
Chairman: Rosemary Penn
Chief Executive: John Aspden
Insurance and Pensions Authority
Chairman: vacant
Chief Executive: David Vick
Isle of Man Post Office
Chairman: Alan Crowe MLC
Chief Executive: Bill Collister
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority
Chairman: Tim Crookall MHK
Chief Executive: Patrick Heaton Armstrong
Manx Electricity Authority
Chairman: Quintin Gill MHK
Chief Executive: Ashton Lewis
Communications Commission
Chairman: Adrian Earnshaw MHK (Minister of Home Affairs ex-officio)
Director: Anthony Hewitt

Other Boards and Offices of Government
General Registry
Chief Registrar: Stephen Cregeen
Civil Service Commission
Chairman: John Houghton MHK
Chief Officer: Brenda Skillicorn
Manx Museum and National Trust (commonly called Manx National Heritage)
Chairman: Martin Moore
Director: Edmund Southworth
Isle of Man Gambling Supervision Commission
Chairman: Jane O'Rourke

Brief history

Lieutenant Governor
Before modern times the government of the Isle of Man was in the hands of the Governor (or Lieutenant Governor), who representated the Lord of Man, assisted by his Council, consisting of the other permanent officials (the Bishop, Archdeacon, Deemsters, Attorney General, etc.).  The Council became the Legislative Council, the upper chamber of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man.

After the Revestment (when the rights of the Lord of Man were "placed in" or "vested" in the King of Great Britain) in 1765, the Lieutenant Governor and his officials were the agents of the British Government, and not democratically responsible to the Manx people. Conflict between the House of Keys (popularly elected after 1866) and the Lieutenant Governor came to a head when Lord Raglan was Lieutenant Governor between 1902 and 1918.

Council of Ministers
After World War I the Lieutenant Governor gradually gave up control to Tynwald, a process guided by the reports of commissions and other bodies in 1911, 1959 and 1969. An Executive Council, chaired by him and including members of Tynwald, was established in 1949, and gradually thereafter became the effective government of the Island. Finance and the police came under local control between 1958 and 1976.  The Lieutenant Governor stopped chairing the Executive Council in 1980, and was replaced by a chairman elected by Tynwald, and the Council was reconstituted in 1985 to include the chairmen of the eight principal Boards; in 1986 they were given the title 'Minister' and the chairman was styled 'Chief Minister'. In 1990 the Council was renamed the 'Council of Ministers'.

Departments
During the 19th century several bodies, which came to be known as 'Boards of Tynwald', were created to exercise functions under democratic control. These included the Board of Education (1872), Highway Board (1874), Asylums Board (1888), Government Property Trustees (1891) and Local Government Board (1894).  However, although direct taxation was levied by Tynwald, the Boards' freedom of action before the 1960s was limited by the Lieutenant Governor's control of the Island's budget and his power to appoint certain of their members.

The structure of the Boards of Tynwald, along with other bodies variously called 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards', became increasingly unwieldy after the 1950s, and was eventually reformed in the 1980s, when a system of 'ministerial government' was set up.

Until 1 April 2010 the Departments were as follows.  Created in 1985-87, they were the successors of the former Boards of Tynwald.
Treasury (1985)
Finance Board (1961–1985)
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (1986)
Board of Agriculture (1914–46)
Fishery Conservators (1882–1927), Fisheries Board (1927–46)
Board of Agriculture and Fisheries (1946–86)
Trustees of the Common Lands (1866–1915), Common Lands Board (1915–50), Forestry, Mines and Lands Board (1950–86)
Department of Education (1987)
Board of Education (1872–99), Council of Education (1899–1946), Isle of Man Board of Education (1946–2009) (The Board continued in existence as a popularly elected body, but with reduced functions, after the Department of Education was created in 1987; it was not finally dissolved until June 2009.)
Isle of Man Central Education Authority (1920–23), Isle of Man Education Authority (1923–68)
Department of Health and Social Security (1986)
Asylums Board (1888–1932), Mental Hospital Board (1932–48), Isle of Man Health Services Board (1948–86)
Old Age Pensions and National Health Insurance Board (1920–39), Health Insurance and Pensions Board (1939–46), Isle of Man Board of Social Services (1946–70), Isle of Man Board of Social Security (1970–86)
Department of Transport (1986) (originally Department of Highways, Ports and Properties; renamed 1994)
Committee of Highways (1776–1874), Highway Board (1874–1946), Isle of Man Highway and Transport Board (1946–86)
Commissioners for Harbours (1771–1872), Isle of Man Harbour Commissioners (1872–1948), Isle of Man Harbour Board (1948–86)
Isle of Man Airports Board (1948–86)
Government Property Trustees (1891–1986)
Department of Home Affairs (1986)
Isle of Man Police Board (1962–81), Home Affairs Board (1981–86)
Isle of Man Broadcasting Commission (1965–81)
Civil Defence Commission (1955–81)
Department of Trade and Industry (1986) (originally Department of Industry; renamed 1996)
Industry Board (1981–86)
Department of Local Government and the Environment (1986)
Local Government Board (1894–1946), Isle of Man Local Government Board (1946–86)
Department of Tourism and Leisure (1986) (originally Department of Tourism and Transport; renamed 1994)
Advertising Committee (1897–1904), Board of Advertising (1904–31), Isle of Man Publicity Board (1931–52), Isle of Man Tourist Board (1952–86)
Manx Electric Railway Board (1957–82), Isle of Man Passenger Transport Board (1982–86)

The structure and functions of the Departments were re-organised with effect from 1 April 2010. The existing Departments, except the Treasury and the Departments of Education and Home Affairs, were dissolved, and the Department of Education was renamed "the Department of Education and Children". The Departments and their functions are now as follows:
Treasury
taxation, internal audit, currency, census, elections
Department of Community, Culture and Leisure
passenger transport, culture, sport and recreation
Department of Economic Development
tourism, employment, merchant shipping, civil aviation, trade, industry, intellectual property, companies, information technology, e-business, financial services
Department of Education and Children
education
Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture
agriculture, fisheries, animal health and welfare, plant health, food safety, burial and cremation, water pollution, environmental health, medicinal products
Department of Health
health services
Department of Home Affairs
police, fire services, prisons, probation, emergency planning, civil defence
Department of Infrastructure
local government, road traffic, highways, harbours, airports, health and safety at work, planning and conservation, building control, waste disposal, public utilities, mines and minerals, licensing and registration of vehicles
Department of Social Care
social services, social security, mental health, social housing

Statutory Boards
As noted above, a number of 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards' were created at various times.  Some were taken over by the Departments in 1985-1987, but others continued as separate Statutory Boards after 1987:
Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading (1998)
Consumer Council (1972–1981), Board of Consumer Affairs (1981–1998)
Financial Supervision Commission (1982)
Insurance and Pensions Authority (1996)
Insurance Authority (1986–1996)
Isle of Man Post Office (1993)
Isle of Man Post Office Authority (1972–1993)
Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority (2010)
Isle of Man Water Board (1946–1972), Isle of Man Water Authority (1972–1974), Isle of Man Water and Gas Authority (1974–1985), Isle of Man Water Authority (1985–2010)
Isle of Man Gas Authority (1972–1974)
Manx Electricity Authority (1983)
Isle of Man Electricity Board (1932–1984)
Communications Commission (1989)
Telecommunications Commission (1985–1989)

References

Government of the Isle of Man

Isle of Man Government


The First 10 Explosive Years is a 1999 compilation album by British rock band Atomic Rooster. It is on the Angel Air record label and, like all their Atomic Rooster and related-artists releases, is derived from original tapes owned and remastered by John Du Cann.

Whilst being a very good compilation for fans of the band, it consists entirely of unlicensed tracks, whose copyright is owned by Sanctuary (who purchased the B&C and Dawn catalogues), EMI and Polydor Records.

It has been reissued and repackaged at least twice:
In 2004, it was teamed with The First Ten Explosive Years Volume 2 and released on the Recall Records label (a subsidiary of Snapper Music) as a double CD titled Tomorrow Night.

In 2005, it was reissued on the German Ambitions/Membran International label as disc one in a two-disc set entitled Rebel with a Clause. The second disc was the 11 track reissue of Headline News.

Track listing (with spelling and title corrections)
"Sleeping for Years" 5:26
"Seven Streets" 6:41
"I Can't Take No More" 3:31
"Taken You Over"  "They Took Control of You" 4:48
"Lost in Space" 5:51
"Play it Again" 3:10
"Devil's Answer" 4:09 - live in Milan 1981
"Rebel with a Clause" a.k.a. "Start to Live" 2:56
"Night Living" a.k.a. "Living Underground" 3:36
"Death Walks Behind You" 7:18
"It's So Unkind" 4:05
"When You Go to Bed" 3:42
"Head in the Sky" 5:38
"Break the Ice" 4:57
"Play the Game" 4:45
"Tomorrow Night" 4:50 - live studio version 1981

Atomic Rooster compilation albums
Angel Air albums
1999 compilation albums

The First 10 Explosive Years


Edward Lawrence Katzenbach (October 2, 1878 – December 18, 1934) was the Attorney General of New Jersey from 1924 to 1929. He was the brother of  New Jersey Supreme Court Justice Frank S. Katzenbach and the father of United States Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach.

Biography
Katzenbach was born in 1878 in Trenton, New Jersey, to Frank Snowden Katzenbach and Augusta (Mushbach) Katzenbach. He attended the State Model School and graduated from Princeton University in 1900. After graduation, he was appointed a fellow and instructor in political economy. He then attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1905.

In November 1911 he married Marie Louise Hilson (December 8, 1882 – February 4, 1970) who later became the first female president of the State Board of Education. They had two sons: Edward Lawrence Katzenbach, Jr. (February 24, 1919 – April 23, 1974), who served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Education and Manpower Resources under John F. Kennedy, and  Nicholas Katzenbach (January 17, 1922 – May 8, 2012), United States Attorney General and Under Secretary of State under Lyndon B. Johnson.

In 1922 Katzenbach was appointed by Governor Edward I. Edwards to the State Board of Institutions and Agencies. He resigned from the board in February 1924 when he was appointed by Governor George S. Silzer to be Attorney General. He served in that position for a five-year term, until 1929.

From 1929 Katzenbach was a lecturer in politics at Princeton. He was also on the board of trustees of Rutgers University. In 1934 he died at his Trenton home after an extended illness at the age of 56.

References

External links

1878 births
1934 deaths
Politicians from Trenton, New Jersey
Princeton University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
New Jersey Attorneys General
Katzenbach family

Edward L. Katzenbach


Le Père Duchesne (; "Old Man Duchesne" or "Father Duchesne") was an extreme radical newspaper during the French Revolution, edited by Jacques Hébert, who published 385 issues from September 1790 until eleven days before his death by guillotine, which took place on March 24, 1794.

History

To be denounced as an enemy of the Republic by Le père Duchesne often led to the guillotine. The journal frequently used euphemistic language to call for the trial and execution of perceived enemies, such as calling for the "carriage with thirty-six doors" to take a "toad of the Marais" to "sneeze in the bag", "ask the time from the fanlight", or "try on Capet's necktie".

The anti-feminist views of the publication have been noted by numerous scholarly works. Women's political agency was maligned as a threat to society. Perverse imagery about women's bodies caricatured the threat posed by women's political power, for example, by incendiary accusations that blood flowed from the "miraculous teats" instead of breast milk.

Born in the fairs of the 18th century, Père Duchesne was a character representing the man of the people, always moved to denounce abuses and injustices. This imaginary character is found in a text entitled le plat de Carnaval ("the Carnival dish"), as well as an anonymous minor work in February 1789 called "Journey of Père Duchesne to Versailles" or "Père Duchesne's Anger at the Prospect of Abuses" in the same year.

In 1789, several pamphlets had been published under this name. In 1790, an employee of the post office by the name of Antoine Lemaire and Abbé Jean-Charles Jumel had been attacked in newspapers resorting to the fictional pseudonym Père Duchesne, but the Père Duchesne of Hébert, sold by the street-criers yelling "Père Duchesne is damn angry today!", was distinguished by the violence which characterized his style.

From 1790 to 1791, Père Duchesne represented the Jacobin Club, and eulogized King Louis XVI and the Marquis de La Fayette for their attempts to balance out the power of aristocrats and the people of France. After the king's attempted flight to Varennes the writers changed their views of Louis and blamed Marie Antoinette and Jean-Sifrein Maury, the great defender of papal authority against the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. In 1792, the government printed certain issues of Père Duchesne at the expense of the Republic, in order to distribute them to the army to rouse soldiers from a torpor considered dangerous to public safety.

The tone towards Louis changed drastically after his failed attempts to make changes to benefit the common people of France. La Fayette was also attacked after  the Champ de Mars massacre. Marie Antoinette was criticized because she was partially seen as a reason for Louis's downfall. Her nationality was blamed because she was seen as an outsider who didn't deserve the king. The issues of children also brought trouble because it was believed that she was the reason for the infertility and this put a strain on Louis.

The paper continued to run until Hébert's death in 1794.

Focuses
It said that the country was ruled by the rich, but "nineteen-twentieths are neither rich nor merchants," but "this mass was always pure." The paper criticized the government's lack of actions in stopping counterrevolution and the "dictatorial actions" used to rule the country. It would often focus on specific people and events and completely degrade every single part of it. Hébert was a radical, never slow to express his opinion, and used profane language in the majority of his published pieces. The paper was used to fight off and call out other parties that contradicted the author's views, such as the Girondists.

The editor had followers who called themselves Hébertists. Hébertists shared the idea of the dechristianization of France, which was a recurring topic in the paper.

In some cases, the paper would criticize the people whom it was trying to defend, the sans-culottes. It spoke of their "gullibility" when it came to the words of the government. It stated that they were a "sheep-like species" who "cannot see farther than their noses." The people were making it more difficult on themselves by believing what the government was telling them.

Camille Desmoulins
One of the main enemies of the paper was journalist Camille Desmoulins. Desmoulins was against the movement to dechristianize France, which Hébert and his followers supported. Père Duchesne and Desmoulins would often bicker back-and-forth within their respective papers. Desmoulins was executed a few weeks after Hébert.

End and revival of Père Duchesne
As soon as Hébert was guillotined, these counterfeit Père Duchesnes had a field day, producing parodies such as The great anger of Père Duchesne seeing his head fall from the national window. Others, such as Saint-Venant, would try, with Moustache without fear, to write new parodies in the spirit of the time and in the same lewd gutter style that characterized Hébert. Lebon published one of them in 1797, and Damane published 32 issues under the name Père Duchesne in Lyon. The title was reprised numerous times in the 19th century.

The title was used again hundreds of times afterwards, mainly during revolutionary periods, for publications with no direct connection to the original: for example, during the July Revolution of 1830, the Revolution of 1848, and during the Paris Commune (1871).

References

1790 establishments in France
Anti-clericalism
Defunct newspapers published in France
Far-left politics in France
Left-wing populism in France
Newspapers of the French Revolution
Publications established in 1790
Publications disestablished in 1794
Radicalism (historical)

Le Père Duchesne


Pierre Hermé (; born 20 November 1961) is a French pastry chef and chocolatier. He began his career at the age of 14 as an apprentice to Gaston Lenôtre. Hermé was awarded the title of World's Best Pastry Chef in 2016 by The World's 50 Best Restaurants. He was also ranked the fourth most influential French person in the world by Vanity Fair. Hermé created his own brand in 1998 with Charles Znaty.

Life and career

Heir to four generations of Alsatian bakery and pastry-making tradition, Pierre Hermé arrived in Paris at the age of 14 to start his first apprenticeship with Gaston Lenôtre, called by Vogue "the Picasso of Pastry" and who revolutionized pastry-making with regard to taste and modernity.

He created the Maison Pierre Hermé Paris in 1998 with his associate Charles Znaty. The first Pierre Hermé Paris boutique opened in Tokyo in 1998, followed in 2001 by a boutique in Paris, located in the fashion district of Saint-Germain-des-Prés at 72 rue Bonaparte. Success was immediate in Tokyo and Paris alike. Every day, enthusiastic gourmets discovered Pierre Hermé pastries, macarons and chocolates while connaisseures from around the world flocked to these temples of sweet delights. In late 2004, a second Parisian boutique with its very innovative interior design opened at 185 rue de Vaugirard. In early 2005, Tokyo saw the inauguration of the latest Pierre Hermé Paris concepts: the Luxury Convenience Store and the Chocolate Bar. Both establishments are situated in the Omotesando district, where all of the major imported brands and fashion houses active in Japan are also present. In 2008, Pierre Hermé and Charles Znaty launched the first Macarons & Chocolats Pierre Hermé Paris boutique on rue Cambon in Paris. In 2010, they inaugurated the Maison Pierre Hermé on rue Fortuny in Paris, home to the Atelier de Création. The brand is a member of the Comité Colbert and has an established partnership with the Raffles group and Ritz Carlton group and Dior since the opening of the Café Dior by Pierre Hermé in 2015 in Seoul.

The company has been expanding strongly since 2010 on the international scene with several boutiques located in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Since 2012, his desserts have been served on All Nippon Airways.

Creative Style & Praise

Preferring discreet pastry decors and "uses sugar like salt, in other words, as a seasoning to heighten other shades of flavour" and refusing to sit on his laurels, he is always revising his own work, exploring new taste territories and revisiting his own recipes. As a result, praise has often been lavished on Pierre Hermé, who has been called "pastry provocateur" (Food & Wine), "an avant-garde pastry chef and a magician with tastes" (Paris-Match), "The Kitchen Emperor" (New York Times) and "The King of Modern Patisserie" (The Guardian), along with honours and decorations, as well as – most importantly – the admiring gratitude of connoisseurs of gourmet sweets.

Hermé was the youngest person to be named France's Pastry Chef of the Year, and is the only pastry chef to have been decorated as a Chevalier of Arts and Letters. He was awarded Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur by Jacques Chirac in May 2007.

In October 2023, an online class where Hermé teaches Iconic Pastries launched on PastryClass.

Books

 Pierre Hermé, Secrets Gourmands, Larousse, 1993
 La Pâtisserie de Pierre Hermé, Montagud Editores, Espagne, 1994
 Coauteur Larousse Gastronomique, 1996
 Le Larousse des Desserts de Pierre Hermé, Larousse, 1997
 Plaisirs Sucrés, Hachette, 1997
 Desserts by Pierre Hermé, Little Brown, USA, 1998
 Pierre Hermé, Secrets Gourmands, Shibata Shoten, Japon, 1999
 Desserts à la carte, Hachette, 2000
 Pierre Hermé, Secrets Gourmands, Noésis, 2000
 La Pâtisserie de Pierre Hermé, Edizioni Finedit, Italie, 2001
 Chocolate Desserts by Pierre Hermé, Little Brown, USA, 2001
 Le Larousse des Desserts, Larousse, 2002
 Plaisirs Sucrés (réédition), Hachette, octobre 2002
 Mes Desserts au Chocolat, Agnès Viénot Éditions, octobre 2002
 Mes Desserts Préférés, Agnès Viénot Éditions, octobre 2003
 Die Pâtisserie Von Pierre Hermé, Mathaes, Allemagne, 2004
 Le Larousse du Chocolat, Éditions Larousse, octobre 2005
 "The Cooks Book", Dorling Kindersley, UK, octobre 2005
 PH10, Agnès Vienot Éditions, octobre 2005. Vainqueur des Gourmand World Cookbook Awards
 Gourmandises, Agnès Vienot Éditions, octobre 2006
 Coauteur Comme un chef, Éditions Larousse, octobre 2006
 Gourmandises, Agnès Viénot, Éditions, 2006
 Le Larousse des desserts, Larousse, 2006
 Confidences Sucrées, Agnès Viénot Éditions, 2007
 Macaron, Agnès Viénot Édition, 2008
 Le Larousse des Desserts, Dohosha Media Plan, 2008
 Le livre des Fours secs et moelleux de Pierre Hermé, Asahiya Shuppan, 2009
 Carrément Chocolat, Agnès Viénot Édition, 2009
 Infiniment, Agnès Viénot Édition, 2010
 Le Livre Chocolat de Pierre Hermé, Asahiya Shuppan, 2010
 Rêves de pâtissier : 50 classiques de la pâtisserie réinventés, Éditions de la Martinière, octobre 2011
 Best of Pierre Hermé, Alain Ducasse Édition, novembre 2011
 Macarons, Grub Street Publishing, United Kingdom, 2011
 Le Livre des Viennoiseries de Pierre Hermé, Asahiya Shuppan, 2011
 Au Cœur du Goût, coauteurs : Jean-Michel Duriez, Agnès Viénot Editions, 2012
 Le Chocolat Apprivoisé, PHP Editions, 2013
 Ispahan, Edition de la Martinière, 2013
 Pierre Hermé et moi (Illustré par Soledad Bravi), Édition Marabout, Avril 2014
 Macaron, Éditions de la Martinière, Octobre 2014
 Satine, Editions Grund, 2015
 Chocolat, Pierre Hermé & Sergio Coimbra, Flammarion 2016

References

External links

Official website
Pierre Herme Article
Cannes Dessert Prize Hall of Fame

1961 births
French chefs
Pastry chefs
People from Colmar
Living people
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

Pierre Hermé


Robert Gardner Bartle (November 20, 1927 – September 18, 2003) was an American mathematician specializing in real analysis. He is known for writing the popular textbooks The Elements of Real Analysis (1964), The Elements of Integration (1966), and Introduction to Real Analysis (2011) with Donald R. Sherbert, published by John Wiley & Sons.

Bartle was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and was the son of Glenn G. Bartle and Wanda M. Bartle.
He was married to Doris Sponenberg Bartle (born 1927) from 1952 to 1982 and they had two sons, James A. Bartle (born 1955) and John R. Bartle (born 1958). He was on the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at the University of Illinois from 1955 to 1990.

Bartle was Executive Editor of Mathematical Reviews from 1976 to 1978 and from 1986 to 1990. From 1990 to 1999 he taught at Eastern Michigan University. In 1997, he earned a writing award from the Mathematical Association of America for his paper "Return to the Riemann Integral".

References

 Robert G. Bartle (1990) "A brief history of the mathematical literature".
 Jane E. Kister & Donald R. Sherbert (2004) "Robert G. Bartle (1927 — 2003)". Notices of the American Mathematical Society 51(2):239–40.

External links

1927 births
2003 deaths
Functional analysts
Mathematical analysts
Scientists from Kansas City, Missouri
Mathematicians from Missouri
American textbook writers
University of Illinois faculty
Eastern Michigan University faculty

Robert G. Bartle


Ann Radcliffe (July 9, 1764 - February 7, 1823) was an English novelist.

Early life and education
She was born in London. Her father was a trader, but when she was little, she lived mostly in the houses of richer relations. In 1772 her family moved to Bath, where it is possible she may have gone to a school run by Sophia and Harriet Lee.

Writing
Her first tries to write romance stories were The Castle of Athlin and Dunbayne (1789) and A Sicilian Romance (1790). They were both published secretly. The Romance of the Forest (1791) made her famous as the writer of Gothic romances, the "hobgoblin romance", later called "the Radcliffe romance". Two novels published when she was alive, The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and The Italian (1797), helped make her famous as "the Great Enchantress". Radcliffe was also a great traveller. She made a book after she traveled to the Continent, A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany...To Which Are Added Observations of a Tour to the Lakes (1795). But the tours written about in the novels were based on travel books, landscape paintings, and imagination. Walter Scott called Radcliffe "the first poetess of romantic fiction".

Personal life
She married in 1787 William Radcliffe, who later became the editor of the English Chronicle. It was probably with his help that she began writing for fun. Even though she was famous, Radcliffe liked to be private.

Death
She later had asthma, and died from an asthma attack in 1823.

References

1764 births
1823 deaths
Deaths from asthma
English novelists

Ann Radcliffe