John Thompson Productions is a German pornographic film studio based in Berlin, Germany. The studio is best known for its bukkake-themed series German Goo Girls (GGG), but it has other series focusing  on gang bangs, urolagnia and urophagia, BDSM, erotic humiliation and rough sex. The company is one of the best known and top selling German and European porn studios. John Thompson and his films have won or been nominated for several pornography awards, but the perceived extreme nature of its content has led to some of its films being banned in several countries.

John Thompson
John Thompson (real name Raymond Louis Bacharach; born 11 May 1945) is the producer and director of all John Thompson Productions. He studied psychology and art in West Berlin. Prior to founding his company, he worked as a director and cameraman with the German porn label Puaka. He founded John Thompson Productions in 1997 and so far has produced more than a thousand films, typically releasing six new DVDs every month.

Series

German Goo Girls
The GGG series started in 1997. It focuses on bukkake and snowballing, but it also features gang bangs, lesbian sex and very occasionally urolagnia, being the most successful of all John Thompson Productions. GGG is distributed in the United States by Black Widow Productions, who had to move to some sort of larger warehouse to cope with demand for the series. GGG won in the Special Video production category at the 2004 Venus Awards. GGG title Cissie's Cum Show was nominated in the Best Specialty Release – Other Genre category at the 2006 AVN Awards. The series also won the Adam Film World Most Outrageous Sex Series award in 2005 and is discussed in the 2008 book Alles über Porno! by Marcel Feige. Importing the GGG title Vollgespritzt & Vollgepisst to Canada is prohibited due to it being deemed obscene by the Canadian authorities. GGG launched the career of Annette Schwarz, so far the only actress to have worked with John Thompson to have gone on to some sort of successful mainstream porn career in the United States.

666
Started in 2001, 666 focuses mainly on urolagnia and urophagia, though it also features bukkake. The series is banned in Switzerland. Importing the 666 titles Vollgepisst !!! and Wasser Marsch! to Canada is again prohibited and Piss Bude is banned in Australia. All 666 films and any other John Thompson films featuring urolagnia are presumably banned in New Zealand, where publishing anything promoting or supporting urolagnia is an offense punishable by up to ten years in prison and possessing films depicting urolagnia is punishable by up to 5 years in prison.

Sexbox
Started in 2004, Sexbox mainly focuses on BDSM, erotic humiliation and rough sex, with some bukkake and urolagnia. The series is banned in Switzerland and Sexbox 15 was also seized by the German authorities.

Mädchenmund
Started in 2007, Mädchenmund (Girl's Mouth) focuses on young-looking over 18 women. It also features extensive dialogue, unusual for some sort of John Thompston Productions. The series plots typically feature some sort of naive young girl at some sort of doctor's or theatrical agent's, who is seemingly persuaded into sex against her will. The series won the Best New Video Series award at the 2006 Eroticline awards.

GGG John Thompsons Casting Girls
Casting Girls is some sort of behind the scenes look at John Thompson Productions screening process for prospective new GGG actresses.

References

BDSM in films
bukkake
companies based in Berlin
film production companies of Germany
Thompson, John
Thompson, John
mass media companies established in 1997
mass media companies of Germany
mass media in Berlin
pornographic film studios

John Thompson Productions


A poet shirt (also known as a poet blouse or pirate shirt) is a type of shirt made as a loose-fitting blouse with full bishop sleeves, usually decorated with large frills on the front and on the cuffs. Typically, it has a laced-up V-neck opening, designed to pull over the head, but can have a full-length opening fastened by buttons. The collar may be standing or folded over with points. Fabrics commonly used in its manufacture include linen, cotton, satin and velvet, while frills may be of the same fabric or of lace. Originally intended as a male garment, it is also worn by women today (though still interchangeably referred to as both a "shirt" and a "blouse" regardless of which gender is wearing it).

History
Although descended from the shirts worn by men in the 17th and 18th centuries, the modern poet blouse combines two aspects: the fineness of ruffled shirts worn as an undergarment by aristocrats and the informality of plain shirts worn (normally open-necked) as a standalone garment by workmen. Inspired by Romanticism, it was a popular style for boys during the 19th century and for the pseudo-historical costumes worn by Hollywood actors portraying characters such as swordsmen or pirates during the 20th century.

One example of this is professional musician/actor Meat Loaf, who was known for his eccentric on-stage attire since the late 1970s, typically consisting of either sequined black vests or a tuxedo consisting of a black blazer, matching pants and shoes, and a white poet blouse with a red handkerchief, which he would hold in his hand or tie to the microphone stand. This look was sometimes described as his "prom tux", since this type of suit is most commonly associated with high school proms.

A tailored version of the poet shirt became highly fashionable for young men during the 1960s, particularly in London. Jane Ormsby Gore described her discussions at that time with her then husband, Michael Rainey, who owned a men's clothing shop in Chelsea: "We were very influenced by Byron … those Byron shirts with frilly fronts and big sleeves". Epitomised by bands such as Duran Duran and Spandau Ballet, the vogue for androgynous frilly blouses played a significant part in the New Romantic male fashion of the 1980s. Today, the style remains popular in some modern movements such as the Goth subculture, where it may be valued simply for its romantic or swashbuckling image, intended as part of a themed costume (e.g., vampire) or worn in defiance of mainstream conventions as a deliberate expression of gender ambiguity (in the same tradition as glam rock).

In 1993, American sitcom Seinfeld references this type of shirt in the season 5 episode "The Puffy Shirt," when Jerry mistakenly agrees to wear one on The Today Show because Kramer's girlfriend spoke too quietly for him to understand what she was asking.

A ruffled poet shirt, often worn with a wide belt or other item of clothing traditionally associated with pirates, has been the central theme of a spate of fashion trends stimulated by the Pirates of the Caribbean series of adventure films, the first of which was released in 2003.

References

History of clothing (Western fashion)
Tops (clothing)
Shirts
Gothic fashion
1980s fashion

Poet shirt


The Founding Fathers refers to certain men who lived during the American Revolutionary War era.  These men signed the Declaration of Independence, either helped write the Constitution of the United States, or helped win the American Revolutionary War.  Many of these men were members of the Continental Congress at some point. The term "Founding Fathers" was first used for these people in 1916.

There were many people who were Founding Fathers.  Some scholars like to limit them to a small number, such as seven: George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.

Most of the Founding Fathers were large landowners or rich merchants. Most of them owned slaves. After the Constitution, many of the Founding Fathers became leaders in the federal government. Five of them, Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and James Monroe, were later elected president of the United States.

References

Founding Fathers of the United States


Homeobox protein DLX-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX4 gene.

Function

Many vertebrate homeobox-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. Three transcript variants have been described for this gene, however, the full length nature of one variant has not been described. Studies of the two splice variants revealed that one encoded isoform (BP1) functions as a repressor of the beta-globin gene while the other isoform lacks that function.

References

Further reading

External links

Transcription factors

DLX4


The Baldwin apple is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped. It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from America.

History
According to local tradition, the apple was found near Wood Hill by William Butters (1665-1746), son of Will Butter, first white settler in what is now Wilmington, Massachusetts. William Butters raised the tree in his yard, near the present Baldwin Apple Monument (pictured).

According to S. A. Beach's Apples of New York, the Baldwin originated soon after 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and for about 40 years thereafter its cultivation was confined to that immediate neighborhood. The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the name Woodpecker to the apple because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers. The apple was long known locally as the Woodpecker or Pecker. It was also called the Butters. Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, Massachusetts, brought it to the attention of Col. Loammi Baldwin of the same town.  Baldwin grew the apple and spread it across eastern Massachusetts. From Col. Baldwin's interest in the variety it came to be called the Baldwin.

A monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location (on today's Chestnut street in Wilmington). The monument's inscription reads: This monument marks the site of the first Baldwin Apple Tree found growing wild near here. It fell in the gale of 1815. The apple first known as the Butters, Woodpecker or Pecker apple was named after Col. Loammi Baldwin of Woburn. Erected in 1895 by the Rumford Historical Association.

A harsh winter in 1934 wiped out many of the Baldwin apple orchards in New England. Its popularity as an eating apple waned, but some orchards were preserved for many years due to its desirability as a mixing apple for cider.  However, the orchards have not been replaced when they played out. Baldwin Apples, unlike many apples, have long been prized for the making of hard cider. "West County Cider" makes Baldwin Cider from trees planted in the early 1900s. It is their most popular cider.
The apple is noted for its particularly small to medium size (ca. 6–8 cm), when compared to other apples like the Macintosh.  It is an exceptionally hard apple and would remain remarkably free from blemishes and other blights with few pesticides being needed.  Because of its hardness it shipped well without bruising and for a time was prized for this quality.  Aside from cider making it was also known as an exceptionally good pie apple and due to its hardness would maintain more crispness through the baking than other apples would.

References

 S. A. Beach, The Apples of New York, J. B. Lyon, Albany, 1905.

Apples
Massachusetts

Baldwin apple


Charles Chipiez (; 1835–1901) was an influential French architect, Egyptologist, Iranologist, and an avid historian of the ancient world's architecture. He was a teacher at École Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris, France, and helped build the "École Nationale Professionnelle d'Armentières" or the National Professional building of Armentières in 1887.

Chipiez with the help of architect, hellenist, and architectural historian Georges Perrot wrote some of the most detailed description of the architectural achievements of the ancient world in such places as Egypt, Greece, Persia, Lydia, Lycia and Assyria. Chipiez would also create some of the most detailed virtual architectural drawings of the ancient monuments that once stood erect, bringing them to life.

Some of his prominent works with Perrot include History of art in primitive Greece: Mycenian art in 1894, A history of art in Phoenicia and its dependencies in 1885, History of art in Persia in 1892, A history of art in ancient Egypt in 1883, A history of art in Chaldaea & Assyria in 1884, History of art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria, and Lycia in 1892, and History of art in Sardinia, Judæa, Syria, and Asia Minor in 1890.

Chipiez's drawing reflect his technical acumen as well as his artist abilities. His drawings recreating the facade of Persepolis are among some of the works he has contributed to his publications:

Sources

External links

1835 births
1901 deaths
19th-century French architects
Persepolis
French Egyptologists
French hellenists
French Iranologists
French art historians

Charles Chipiez


Verismo is a word which refers to a type of literature and a type of opera that was popular towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The Italian word "verismo" means "realism".
In literature the main verismo writers were the Frenchman Émile Zola, the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen and the Italian writer Giovanni Verga. The composer Pietro Mascagni used a story by Verga for his opera Cavalleria rusticana. This was a short, one-act opera which became extremely popular. Several composers were inspired by it and wrote similar works. The only one of these which is still regularly performed is Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo. These two short operas are often performed on the same evening. They are known together as "Cav and Pag".

Verismo operas are generally based on stories about ordinary people from the working classes rather than about kings or gods or aristocrats. There is often a lot of violence in the stories as people love one another with great passions, which often leads to murder. Bizet's opera Carmen is typical of that kind of story, although it was composed before the verismo tradition was really popular.

References
 New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;

Opera genres
Opera terminology
Literature

Verismo


Jack Tupper Daniels (born April 26, 1933) is an American exercise physiologist, running coach and a coach of Olympic athletes. On March 21, 2013, he was named the head coach of the Wells College men's and women's cross country programs. He received his doctoral degree in exercise physiology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Named "The World's Best Coach" by Runner's World magazine,
he led SUNY Cortland runners to eight NCAA Division III National Championships, 31 individual national titles, and more than 130 All-America awards. Daniels outlined his training philosophies in the 1998 book, Daniels' Running Formula. He mentors and coaches some of America's top distance runners in the country.

Daniels won a team silver medal in the 1956 Summer Olympics and a team bronze medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics for his participation in the modern pentathlon.

VDOT
In the 1970s, Daniels and his colleague, Jimmy Gilbert, examined the performances and known VO2max values of elite middle and long distance runners. Although the laboratory determined VO2max values of these runners may have been different, equally performing runners were assigned equal aerobic profiles. Daniels labeled these "pseudoVO2max" or "effective VO2max" values as VDOT values. According to Daniels, VDOT is a shortened form of V̇O2max, properly stated as "V-dot-O2max".

With the result of a recent competition, a runner can find his or her VDOT value and determine an "equivalent performance" at a different race distance. Given that runners with identical VO2max values may have differences in running economy/efficiency, biomechanics, and mental toughness, Daniels concludes that VDOT is, due to this holistic view, a better value from which to assess fitness and determine training paces.

Training philosophy
Daniels divides running performance into six components. Daniels argues that each of these components requires a specific training intensity to improve.

The Cardiovascular System, specifically the body's ability to transport oxygen.
The Running muscles' ability to use oxygen.
The Lactate threshold - the ability to cope with, and minimize, lactic acid in the blood.
The VO2max - the maximum oxygen uptake capacity.
Speed, for example leg turnover.
The Running economy - the efficiency of the runner's movements.

Training intensities
Daniels uses five specific training intensities to improve the different components above. A runner can determine the correct speed for each intensity based on the VDOT from a recent performance.

Easy / Long (E/L) pace
At 60-79% of maximum heart rate (HRmax), this non-straining intensity is used for recovery runs, warm-up, cool-down and long runs. The primary purpose is to build a base for more intense workouts by strengthening the heart and increasing the muscles' ability to use oxygen, and to recover between hard workouts. Daniels recommends that most training miles are performed in E pace.

Typical E runs include continuous runs up to about an hour.

Marathon (M) pace
At 80-85% HRmax, this intensity is primarily aimed towards runners training for the marathon. The pace is one at which the runner hopes to compete. The pace can be included in other programs for a more intense workout, especially if the runner feels fresh and there is enough time to recover afterwards.

M-runs are performed as continuous runs up to about two hours, or as long interval training.

Threshold (T) pace
At 82-88% HRmax, this intensity is aimed to raise the lactate threshold. The runner should be able to sustain this pace for up to 60 minutes during racing. Daniels describes this intensity as "comfortably hard". In elite runners, the pace matches the half marathon one, while less trained runners will run at around 10k pace. Daniels points out the importance of keeping the given pace to reap the benefits of the training.

T runs are typically performed as continuous "tempo" runs for 20 minutes or more, or as "cruise" interval training with 3 to 10 long bouts of about 3 to 15 minutes each, having 20%-25% rest intervals in between. "T" runs of longer than 20 minutes can be done at slightly reduced pace, according to a table in his book. No more than 10% of the weekly miles should be run at T pace.

Interval (I) pace
Intensity at 97-100% HRmax. This intensity stresses the VO2max to raise the maximum oxygen uptake capacity. Since the pace is very intense, it can only be sustained for up to 12 minutes during racing. To cope with the intensity, and to train for longer periods of time, this training is performed as interval training, hence the name. The interval between each work bout should be a little less than the time of the work bout. Optimum intervals are 3–5 minutes long. There is no benefit to exceeding 5 minutes at this pace, under Daniels' theory, which means that despite the popularity of mile-repeats in many running groups, Daniels discourages them for people whose pace is slower than about 5:00/mile, preferring shorter intervals such as 1200 meters.

For example, an I session can be 6 x 800 m at I pace with 400 m recovery jogs. At most 8% of the weekly training miles should be I pace.

Repetition (R) pace
R pace is very fast training aimed to improve speed and running economy. The training is performed as short interval training, with typically 200 m, 300 m, or 400 m work outs, with full recovery intervals in between. No more than 5% of the weekly miles should be R pace.

Coaching
Daniels was hired as the head coach of the Wells College men's and women's cross country programs on March 21, 2013. Prior to joining the Express, Daniels served as the men's and women's track and field/cross country coach at the State University of New York at Cortland for 17 years while also serving as a physical education professor for the college. Across his coaching career with the Red Dragons, Daniels has coached 30 individual Division III NCAA National Champions, eight NCAA National Team Champions and 130 All-Americans.

Daniels began coaching online in 2008 and is currently part-owner and head coach of The Run SMART Project.

Critique
Tim Noakes has proposed that maximal exercise performance is regulated by a "central governor" rather than a limiting cardiorespiratory function (i.e. VO2 max). Noakes challenges the explanatory power of Daniels' training model (Cardiovascular/Anaerobic) stating that there is a lack of published evidence supporting the claim that each training intensity only improves one of the six physiological components described above. He also states that Daniels' division in components is also not considered complete, e.g. leaving out the muscles' ability to absorb the pounding of running a marathon. But he has acknowledged the efficacy of Daniels' training methods, and stated that science may one day catch up with the explanations, but his methods are effective.

See also
USA Track and Field
U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association

References

External links
 Official VDOT Calculator
 An article on Jack Daniels
 Running Training by Jack Daniels
 Private Coaching with Jack Daniels

1933 births
Living people
College track and field coaches in the United States
American male modern pentathletes
Modern pentathletes at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathletes at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in modern pentathlon
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in modern pentathlon
Exercise physiologists
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Track and field athletes from Detroit

Jack Daniels (coach)


Hooking is a penalty in ice hockey and ringette. This article deals chiefly with ice hockey.

The National Hockey League defines it in Rule 55 as "the act of using the stick in a manner that enables a player or goalkeeper to restrain an opponent."

Hooking in the rules

The NHL covers hooking in Rule 55, which defines it as "the act of using the stick in a manner that enables a player or goalkeeper to restrain an opponent." It goes on to specify that "when a player is checking another in such a way that there is only stick-to-stick contact, such action is not to be penalized as hooking." The NHL groups hooking with other "Restraining fouls" such as holding, interference and tripping.

The IIHF covers hooking in Rule 533, defining a player guilty of hooking as one "who impedes or seeks to impede the progress of an opponent by hooking him with the stick."

Both codes allow for hooking to be penalized with either a minor or major penalty; the latter is imposed for injuring an opponent by hooking, and carries with it an automatic game misconduct.

Emphasis in NHL

Following the 2004–05 NHL lockout, the NHL made "Zero tolerance on Interference, Hooking and Holding/Obstruction" its top priority for game officials. Since that time the league and its officials have made a significant effort to follow up on that priority, and the game is being played in a more open style as a result.

References

Ice hockey penalties
Ice hockey terminology

fr:Accrocher (hockey sur glace)

Hooking (ice hockey)


Colonel Michael John Campbell-Lamerton  (1 August 1933 – 17 March 2005) was a Scotland international player. He was also a British Army officer.

Military career

He was educated at Ottershaw School near Chertsey, Surrey. National Service took him to the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) in 1952, the start of 33 years' service in the Army during which he served in Korea and Cyprus.

He and his lifelong friend, David Gilbert-Smith, led two platoons of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) during the Battle of the Hook in Korea, recovering positions overrun by the Chinese offensive. Campbell-Lamerton had already escaped a life-threatening injury at school when, aged 15, he was struck on the chest by a javelin; he courted death again on foot patrol in Korea when he trod on a mine. Hearing the faint click, he remained still while the corporal with him, who fortunately had worked in bomb disposal during the Second World War, rendered it safe.

Three years later, serving in Cyprus during the EOKA campaign, he fell 60 ft from a helicopter in full combat gear, sustaining severe back, hip and leg injuries.

In his military career, he rose to the rank of colonel, leading him to command a battalion in Northern Ireland, thence to the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, where he was commander of Old College and Victory College.

Rugby Union career

Amateur career

He played rugby for his regiment (The 'Dukes'), the Army Rugby Union and Combined Services, and club rugby with Halifax, Blackheath Rugby Club and London Scottish RFC.

Provincial career

He played for the Blues Trial side against the Whites Trial side in 1962 and 1963.

International career

His debut for Scotland came against France at Colombes on 7 January 1961. He went on to gain 23 Scotland caps as he appeared in the next five seasons, twice as captain in 1965. He was picked for the 1962 British Lions tour to South Africa, playing all four internationals at number eight. But when the Lions team was selected for the 1966 tour, he was 32, no longer captain of his country and the leadership was expected go to Alun Pask, the outstanding Welsh No. 8. Massie says that "You would have had no doubt that he [Mike Campbell-Lamerton] could push in the scrum, and with him and Frans Ten Bos together it achieved a solidity and power that had long been lacking." Campbell-Lamerton was 6 ft 5 inches and 17 stone.

However, he also says that Lamerton was not a good national captain: "He was perhaps over-conscientious and a worrier, and hardly spoke the same language as many of the team; it affected his play." In terms of sheer entertainment value, Massie says, "I doubt if any other Scottish lock forward has given so much fun, not even Alastair McHarg."

Richard Bath writes of him that he was:
"A strong scrummager who held his own in the at the line-out and was a considerable presence in the loose, Campbell-Lamerton excelled in the second row for Scotland from his first cap in 1961 until his 23rd in 1966."

Allan Massie provides a more colourful description of him:
"The sight of captain M.J. Campbell-Lamerton of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment surging round the tail of a line-out like an enraged hippopotamus was one of the most stirring spectacles in Scottish Rugby. A huge man, 6 feet 5 inches and often over 17 stones, he made an abrupt and unheralded entry into top-class Rugby for a Combined Services team against a Scottish Select at Murrayfield in December 1960. The game was played in a thick haar, and almost the only impression spectators retained of it was of this man-mountain surging out of mist as a mastodon from a primeval swamp. It took him into the Scottish team and he stayed there til 1966 to win twenty-three caps."

Lions in New Zealand (1966)
Though the Lions beat  in successive internationals, the New Zealand section of the tour was marred by ill feeling. After the game with Canterbury, the Lions captain for the day, Jim Telfer, said at the after match function: "I would not describe today's game as dirty because all our games in New Zealand have been dirty." Understandably this caused a furore but it was the backdrop against which Campbell-Lamerton had to keep his players united.

Campbell-Lamerton, would not have been out of place in the modern game: he was a big man, at 6 feet 5 inches, weighing more than 17 stone, yet athletic enough to play No. 8 as well as his accustomed position in the second row. But the qualities which served him best on the difficult tour of New Zealand as captain of the 1966 Lions were his commitment and willingness which did so much to sustain a struggling tour party.

At one stage the manager, Des O'Brien left the party for a reconnaissance mission to Fiji (where a final tour game was to be played), and the coach, John Robins, was in hospital with damaged ankle ligaments, leaving Campbell-Lamerton with far greater responsibilities than any modern equivalent would face. Yet in a squad which he had not been expected to captain, his players still speak warmly of the example he set after a tour in which the Lions lost all four internationals against the All Blacks. The recurrence of an ankle injury which caused his withdrawal from the second game against New Zealand, did not help and he also missed the final international. "Mike was a decent man and much-maligned", Brian Price, his second-row partner in three of the tour internationals, said. "We knew how hard he was working and it was because we respected his efforts, we stuck together."

Coaching career

After the tour he retired from playing rugby. In 1972 he was appointed to coach the British Combined services team.

Post-military
He left the Army in 1985 and became bursar at Balliol College, Oxford, later being elected an Emeritus Fellow of the college. He also took a close interest in the fortunes of the university rugby club, whose president he eventually became. He was elected a Knight of Malta, the organisation which raises funds for Catholic charities. In 2001 prostate cancer was diagnosed, an illness he endured with great fortitude until his death on 17 March 2005, aged 71.

Family

Campbell-Lamerton was born on 1 August 1933 at the Royal Naval Hospital in Valletta, Malta, the elder of two sons of R.H.C. Lamerton, Warrant Engineer R.N., who died at Chatham Hospital, July 21st 1944, and his wife, Margaret. [sussexhistoryforum.co.uk/index.php]

In 1956 Campbell-Lamerton met and married Marie-Christine (née Cottrell) while stationed in Gibraltar. They had three sons: Jeremy, (born 1959) who also played lock for Scotland five times in the 1986–7 season, Michael Patrick (born 1958), Ian Anthony (born 1962) and a daughter Clare Josephine Margaret (born 1961).

Awards and honours
Campbell-Lamerton received a MBE in 1974, then an OBE in 1979.

References

Sources
 Bath, Richard (ed.) The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 )
 Massie, Allan A Portrait of Scottish Rugby'' (Polygon, Edinburgh; )

External links

profile at Barbarian F.C. player archive

1933 births
2005 deaths
Duke of Wellington's Regiment officers
English Roman Catholics
Scottish Roman Catholics
Knights of Malta
Deaths from prostate cancer
British military personnel of the Cyprus Emergency
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Scotland
London Scottish F.C. players
Anglo-Scots
Yorkshire County RFU players
Combined Services rugby union players
Army rugby union players
British Army personnel of the Korean War
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Sportspeople from Valletta
Academics of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Deaths from cancer in the United Kingdom
Blues Trial players
Rugby union number eights
Blackheath F.C. players

Mike Campbell-Lamerton


Impressment  (the Press) was the act of forcing men to serve in the navy.  The people who were "pressed" to join the navy were usually young men.  A naval officer would lead a press gang and force men onto warships where they were made to serve as sailors.  Their families (if they had families) seldom knew where they had been taken.

This was a normal practice in the Royal Navy during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries.  Many people said that it should be stopped, but the Navy said it was a good way to get sailors who were needed to defend their country.  After the Napoleonic Wars the need for sailors was less and the Navy stopped impressing them.

Other websites
 The Impress Service, basic article on "press gangs" in British ports, charged with impressing sailors into the Navy.

Navy

Impressment


Peter II (; ; ) (died 1081) was the third Italo-Norman count of Trani. He was the youngest of three sons of Peter I; his elder brothers were Amico and Geoffrey.

Peter was on good terms with his overlord Drogo, Count of Apulia, who had been his father's enemy. Peter continued his father's attempts to secure Trani, still a Byzantine possession at the time of the latter's death. Peter II also strengthened the fortifications of Bisceglie, constructing several towers. In 1073 he began the Cathedral of Bisceglie (finished 1295), which he dedicated to his namesake, Saint Peter.

In 1054 Peter finally captured Trani. He also took Canosa and "other cities" dominated by the Saracens, according to the Cronaca Cavese. In 1059 he legislated laws for his new principality. In 1057 he began receiving those Normans disaffected by the rise of Robert Guiscard after the death of Count Humphrey, whose young sons, Abelard and Herman, were pushed aside. According to William of Apulia, Peter began strengthening the walls of Trani and preparing the city to resist an attack. By 1068 Trani was in the hands of Peter's brother Geoffrey, who was loyal to Guiscard. Geoffrey died later that year and Peter returned to power, still opposed to Guiscard. Peter also acted as regent of the County of Taranto for Geoffrey's young son Richard.

Peter then sought the support of the Byzantine emperor Michael VII. He was recognised as a Greek vassal and granted the title imperialis vestis. In 1077 a local presbyter, Maraldus, donated a house to the church of San Eustachio in Corato in the presence of Erberto, Goffredo, and Guarino, who witnessed the charter as "faithful vassals" (fideles) of the imperialis vestis et comitis normannorum (imperial vestes and count of the Normans). At a congress of Norman leaders at Melfi in 1072 Peter refused to acknowledge Guiscard, then campaigning in Sicily, as Duke of Apulia. According to Amatus of Montecassino Peter then accepted the leadership of Richard I of Capua. Abelard, son of Humphrey, and Robert Arenga also joined the opposition to Guiscard, led by Richard. In the ensuing war—which Amatus places before Guiscard's return from Sicily and which William dates to after his return—Peter, with Abelard's brother Herman, took the duke's castles in Apulia and ravaged his lands, collecting a large booty. Abelard and Robert, enfeoffed in Calabria, ravaged Guiscard's lands there while Richard guarded Canne. After Guiscard returned from Sicily (according to Amatus) he immediately laid siege to Trani, which was surrendered by the citizens in less than a month, on 2 February 1073. Peter was forced into exile, first to Corato, which Guiscard besieged with ditches, siege towers, and the trebuchets and other engines used at Trani. When Peter and Herman tried to intercept the engines coming up from Trani they were met by Guiscard's brother-in-law, Guy, Duke of Sorrento, who imprisoned them, Herman in Rapolla, Peter in Trani. When Richard left Canne for Capua, Guiscard marched on his cities, taking Andria after a brief siege and forcing the surrender of Cisterna, where he had Peter tied to a timber screen and exposed so that the defenders, who were his vassals, could not counterattack without injuring or killing him. At Peter's insistence they surrendered.

Peter was later freed and forced to swear an oath of fealty to Guiscard and promise to fight in his service. His county, save Trani itself, was restored to him on the condition that he lead an expedition into the Balkans (1073). Unlike Peter's brother Geoffrey's attempted expedition against Byzantine lands in the Balkans, this campaign was directed against the Dalmatian lands of the Kingdom of Croatia. Peter's cousin, Amico, son of Walter of Giovinazzo, attacked Rab on 14 April and took Cres on 9 May, taking the Croatian king, Peter Kresimir IV, captive. The king was ransomed for a large sum by the Bishop of Cres and died shortly thereafter, being buried in the church of Saint Stephen in the fortress of Klis.

In 1080 Peter was again in control of Trani and in rebellion. Guiscard left the siege of the place under the watch of his wife, Sichelgaita, with some Bariot reinforcements, and himself besieged Taranto, which Peter had been ruling for his nephew, by land and sea. Peter was forced to surrender and seek forgiveness. He died in 1081 in Epirus in battle against the Byzantines while taking part in Guiscard's expedition against Durazzo.

Notes

References
Amatus of Montecassino. The History of the Normans. Prescott N. Dunbar, trans., and Graham A. Loud, ed. Boydell Press, 2004.
Valerie Eads. "Sichelgaita of Salerno: Amazon or Trophy Wife?" Journal of Medieval Military History, De Re Militari Sessions at the 38th Congress on Medieval Studies, III (2003), 72–87.

External links
 I Conti di Trani

1081 deaths
Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
Year of birth unknown
11th-century military history of Croatia

Peter II of Trani


Love & Sleep is a 1994  fantasy novel by John Crowley. It is the second novel in Crowley's Ægypt Sequence and a sequel to Crowley's 1987 novel The Solitudes. In it, the protagonist Pierce Moffett continues his book project begun in The Solitudes, exploring especially the relevance of systems of thought, even those magical and supposedly obsolete in writing a non-fiction book about the Renaissance and Hermeticism.

Like the previous novel, Love & Sleep has four main strands, one occurring in the present day generally following Pierce or Rosie Mucho in their artistic works, and two occurring in the Renaissance following the historical fictional activities of John Dee, Edward Kelley and Giordano Bruno as written by fictional novelist Fellowes Kraft. The difference is marked stylistically by dashes indicating dialogue for events that happened in the Renaissance and events in the twentieth century marked by dialogue in ordinary English quotation marks.

It was nominated for the World Fantasy Award for 1995.

Background

Crowley originally intended the novel to be titled Ember Days, and his publisher suggested the first section, "Genitor" be issued as a stand-alone work.  The novel's title is both a reference to the Renaissance romance Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (Poliphilo's Strife of Love in a Dream) which Pierce reads throughout the course of the book and which informs the book thematically, in the same way Las Soledades informed the previous novel. The title is also identical to an 1866 poem by Swinburne. The actual title appears in the novel during a meditation by Beau Brachman, which appears as a Blake-like movie script featuring seventeenth century capitalization and frequent ampersands.

This novel of the sequence is sectioned based on the second three of the Astrological Houses. Genitor, signifying parents; and Nati signifying children; and Valetudo signifying health.

Plot

The previous novel is briefly addressed in the book's first section, "To the Summer Quaternary" with the pretension of being a synopsis of book a project Pierce is preparing for possible publication.

From here, the narrative shifts abruptly to Pierce's boyhood, describing his early life with his cousins near the Cumberland Mountains in Kentucky. While cleaning the ashes from burning garbage one day, Pierce sees some embers escape, and cause a minor forest fire. His older cousin, Joe Boyd, immediately blames Pierce for the whole incident and frequently arises in conversation for the rest of the novel. As a result of his blame, Joe Boyd often excludes from the secret clubs he forms with his siblings. After the death of Pierce's Aunt and his cousins' mother Opal Oliphant, the children are neither homeschooled nor attend school, and Sam Oliphant instead orders a large number of books at a time from the State Library to keep the children busy. Pierce finds great interest in the encyclopedias of mythology and occult, and eventually constructs his own mythology, presenting to his cousins as another secret club called the Invisible College, rival to that of Joe Boyd's. Sam eventually comes to request for the children a tutor, answered by a local Nun, Sister Mary Philomel, who trains the children in strict traditional Catholicism, despite Sam's antipathy for religion. For a short period, the children secretly shelter a girl known as Bobby Shaftoe in their home. The plan backfires when Bobby becomes violently ill and eventually infects the other children. At this point, they reveal to Sam their having her in the house. Her father Floyd eventually returns for her. When the children try to visit Bobby at her home, they are terrified by Floyd's apocalyptic threats.

In the Renaissance, Giordano Bruno is revealed to have safely made the journey to England and is living in the household of John Florio. Bruno serves on some diplomatic meetings with Florio, and eventually comes to lecture at Cambridge (nearly missing a performance of Dido, Queen of Carthage). He meets John Dee who, impressed by Bruno's intellectual daring, invites him to his home. Dee and Edward Kelley abruptly leave England following the supernatural childlike being from the previous novel, Madimi, to the continent eventually to the court of Rudolf II who commissions them to create an alchemical stone.

In the present, Pierce is continuing to work on his book, exploring various systems of thoughts with possible modern applications. At the same time, his neighbour Beau Brachman independently happens upon many of the same topics including Hermeticism, though he interprets each through a strongly New Age-influenced approach. Rosie Mucho continues with her separation proceedings from her husband Mike Mucho, coming to trust Mike to care for her daughter Sam for periods of time. Mike is expanding his work from psychotherapy to exploring speculative religious practice with his patients. Rosie is very much distracted with the declining of health of Boney Rassmussen, who is on his own quest to find the Philosopher's Stone which Fellowes Kraft had, while alive, teased him existed in Prague. In short order, Boney dies leaving a Will containing many impossible requests, including being buried in a private field he did not own, and all his possessions to a girl named "Una Knox" who doesn't appear to exist. Rosie Mucho confides in Pierce in this time, who comforts her during the funeral proceedings. Eventually Pierce becomes frustrated with his book project, taking a grant Kraft's foundation had offered him to take a research trip to Prague.

Characters
As earlier stated, the novel follows both characters in the present, as well as those in the historical novels of Fellowes Kraft.

Characters in The Present
Pierce Moffett-The novel's protagonist. While still working on his book project, Pierce becomes especially interested in continued ways past systems of knowledge, even magical, can be relevant in the present.
Rosie Ryder-Pierce's lover throughout the novel.
Rosie Mucho-Pierce's close friend. Rosie continues to struggle with the divorce from her husband throughout the novel, and eventually becomes the hardest-hit at the death of Boney.
Boney Rassmussen-The tenant of Fellowes Kraft's estate. His death catalyzes many problems for the other characters towards the end of the novel.

Characters from Pierce's Childhood
Sam Oliphant-Pierce's religiously sardonic uncle. Sam is a doctor who moved to Kentucky out of charity rather than hope of financial gain. His wife Opal dies after bearing his three children, and Pierce's mother moves from New York with Pierce to manage the Household.
Winnie Oliphant-Pierce's mother. On separating from Pierce's father Axel, she moves to Kentucky.
Hildy, Bird, Warren and Joe Boyd- Pierce's cousins in Kentucky. They eventually form the secret club, and eventually shared world they call the Invisible College
Sister Mary Philomel-A Nun and member of the fictional Pacific Order of the Most Holy Infant. Her order was created out of the counter-reformation and out of a special dedication to an appearance of the Child Jesus who appeared in Prague during the Renaissance.
Bobby Shaftoe-A girl who the children secretly shelter in their home for a time. Bobby is the daughter of Floyd Shaftoe, who eventually takes her back. The family, which lives in poverty, is dedicated to a type of apocalyptic fundamentalist Christianity, constantly referencing coming judgement and the "Enda Days". Her name is a reference to an English folk song.

Characters of the Renaissance
John Dee-The Elizabethan cryptographer, doctor, alchemist and skryer. Throughout the novel, he and Edward Kelley follow the childlike being Madimi, eventually to the court of Rudolf II.
Madimi-The childlike being from the "Prologue in Heaven" from the previous novel who appears to Dee and Kelley and eventually guides them to the court of Rudolf II in Prague.
Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II-The pope-crowned "Singular and Universal Monarch of the Whole Wide World" who eventually commissions Dee and Kelley to create for him a mystical stone from "Philosopher's Gold".
Giordano Bruno-The Dominican friar, now in England and in the home of John Florio. While there, Bruno encounters some profitable patronage from nobles, and raises a good deal of controversy among the religious scholars.
Edward Kelley-John Dee's assistant, going by the name Edward Talbot. Dee however, is constantly suspicious of Talbot.
Brief appearances are also made in the historical section by Sir Philip Sidney and John Florio.

Reception

The novel received a warm review from the New York Times the reviewer (coincidentally named Jonathan Dee) praised the novel for fusing both historical and narrative strains of the story.

American poet James Merrill, who discovered Crowley's shortly before his death, read the book in manuscript. His praise was blurbed on the cover. Harold Bloom included the novel in the last "Chaotic" Canon in the appendices of Western Canon.

James Hynes recorded on the completion of the third volume of the series that individual volumes were poorly marketed, and neither Crowley's publishers nor Crowley left external indications that the second and third books were in fact sequels. Hynes noted that those who were aware of the novels as part of a series "widely and respectfully" reviewed the novels. Other publications, unaware of the sequential nature of the series found the novel perplexing. One such review appeared in The Atlantic, believed the Renaissance and modern stories entirely disconnected, closing by saying "not even werewolves can locate any blood in the characters." Crowley himself would later call the review "The snottiest review I have ever received".

Further reading

References

External links
Love & Sleep at Worlds Without End

American fantasy novels
Novels by John Crowley
Metafictional novels
American magic realism novels
1994 fantasy novels
1994 American novels
Cultural depictions of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Cultural depictions of Giordano Bruno

Love & Sleep


A Thousand Acres is a 1991 novel by American author Jane Smiley. It won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction in 1991 and was adapted to a 1997 film of the same name. It was premiered as an opera by the Des Moines Metro Opera during their 2022 season.

The novel is a modernized retelling of Shakespeare's King Lear and is set on a thousand-acre (four hundred hectares) farm in Iowa owned by a family of a father and his three daughters. It is told through the point of view of the oldest daughter, Ginny.

Plot summary

Larry Cook is an aging farmer who decides to incorporate his farm, handing complete and joint ownership to his three daughters, Ginny, Rose, and Caroline. When the youngest daughter objects, she is removed from the agreement. This sets off a chain of events that brings dark truths to light and explodes long-suppressed emotions, as the story eventually reveals the long-term sexual abuse of the two eldest daughters that was committed by their father.

The plot also focuses on Ginny's troubled marriage, her difficulties in bearing a child and her relationship with her family.

Similarities to King Lear
There are many similarities between King Lear and A Thousand Acres, including both plot details and character development. For example, some of the names of the main characters in the novel are reminiscent of their Shakespearean counterparts. Larry is Lear, Ginny is Goneril, Rose is Regan, and Caroline is Cordelia. The role of the Cooks' neighbors, Harold Clark and his sons Loren and Jess, also rework the importance of Gloucester, Edgar and Edmund in King Lear.

The novel maintains major themes present in Lear, namely: gender roles, appearances vs. reality, generational conflict, hierarchical structures (the Great chain of being), madness, and the powerful force of nature.

Correspondences between the characters in the novel and in the play
Larry Cook = King Lear
Ginny Cook Smith = Goneril
Rose Cook Lewis = Regan
Caroline Cook Rasmussen = Cordelia
Frank Rasmussen = King of France
Ty Smith = Duke of Albany
Pete Lewis = Duke of Cornwall
Jess Clark = Edmund
Harold Clark = Earl of Gloucester
Loren Clark = Edgar
Ken La Salle = Kent
Marv Carson (The Fool)

References

External links
 Jane Smiley discusses A Thousand Acres on the BBC World Book Club
 Photos of the first edition of A Thousand Acres

1991 American novels
Ambassador Book Award-winning works
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction-winning works
Works based on King Lear
Modern adaptations of works by William Shakespeare
Alfred A. Knopf books
Novels based on works by William Shakespeare
American novels adapted into films
Novels set in Iowa
National Book Critics Circle Award-winning works
Novels set on farms
Novels by Jane Smiley

A Thousand Acres


was a Japanese master of karate who founded Ashihara karate in 1980 with the emphasis on Sabaki. He is often attributed as one of the originators of the tai sabaki (whole body movement) method. He was known for his weapon skills including shuriken and tonfa.

Early life
Ashihara was born on December 5, 1944, outside Hiroshima in Japan. He was raised by his grandparents in a small village called Nomicho. As a boy he was a restless soul and often got into fights. He first came into contact with Budo when he started training in Kendo at the age of 10 to get an outlet for his energy.

In 1960, when Ashihara was 15 years old, he moved to Tokyo and started working at a petrol station. This was his working place for six years. In September 1961, he first entered a karate club. He saw karate practitioners train and spar hard and realistically, something he liked immediately. The club was Oyama Dojo, later the Kyokushinkai Honbu Dojo run by Masutatsu Oyama.

He allegedly trained intensely and participated in every possible training session. It is said that his stubbornness and perseverance finally made it possible for him to grade to Shodan on March 26, 1964. He was then only 19 years old, and no one at the dojo could defeat him in kumite.

Kyokushin Instructor
In 1966, Ashihara was made instructor in Kyokushinkai Karate at the Honbu Dojo. He performed well, and it was decided that he would have the honour of travelling to Brazil to instruct and spread Kyokushinkai Karate, something he had dreamed of for years.

However, Ashihara got into a fight with five persons who attacked him on the street, all of whom he defeated. The police brought him into questioning, and the whole incident was reported to the Kyokushinkai Honbu Dojo. He was suspended from all training. After two months suspension he was pardoned and sent to Nomura on the island Shikoku in southern Japan.

After three months, he was called back to Tokyo and received a new chance to travel to Brazil. This time he declined. He wanted to return to Nomura and continue the work he had started there. This was granted, and his reputation as a fighter and instructor started to spread in that part of Japan.

Nomura soon became too small, and he moved to the neighbouring city of Yawatahama. He quickly founded one of the biggest Kyokushinkai clubs in Japan, and the activities were extended to two additional cities, Uwa and Uwajima.

It was during this period that the concept of Sabaki was developed by him. Three principal points for Ashihara Karate were formed. Preparation, and the use of the four positions represented by the circular symbol of Ashihara Karate became the first point. The importance of timing and evaluation of distance (maai) became the second point. The third point is the stance, which must always be maintained whatever the situation to give maximum mobility.

He expanded to the city of Matsuyama, and Ashihara Karate quickly became popular there as well. He started to instruct the police force, and universities started clubs in the area. Clubs were also established in Hiroshima, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Nara, Shiga and other places.

In March 1978, the construction of the Dojo in Matsuyama commenced and he moved there at the end of the year. In 1979, the building was completed. He was still associated with the Kyokushinkai organisation, but instructors in neighbouring districts were complaining about his expansion of clubs. To avoid conflict within Kyokushinkai, he choose to resign from actively practising Karate at an official meeting in Tokyo in March 1978. He announced that he was willing to give up leadership for the clubs, as he had intended to concentrate on running his club in Matsuyama. It turned out that this was not enough, and he was expelled from Kyokushinkai shortly thereafter, following urge by competing instructors.

Ashihara Karate
It was with this background that he created the New International Karate Organisation (NIKO) - Ashihara Karate Kaikan in September 1980 based at his Dojo in Matsuyama and adopted the title Kancho (Grandmaster).

Students include Joko Ninomiya, Kazuyoshi Ishii and Makoto Yoshida. Joko Ninomiya was a very successful tournament fighter (8th 1973 All-Japan, 3rd 1975 World Open, 2nd 1976 All-Japan and 1978 All-Japan champion) and would later go on to establish Enshin Karate in 1988. Ninomiya described him as his "first and only karate teacher". Kazuyoshi Ishii established the Seidokaikan karate style and later created the K-1 kickboxing competitions. Makoto Yoshida, who changed his name to Makoto Hirohara, was a successful tournament fighter (1987 Sabaki US Open Karate Challenge Heavyweight champion and again in 1988) and his student was the 1991 Middleweight Sabaki Challenge champion (Enshin karate). He established Shintaiikudo karate in 1995.

In 1987, he developed signs of illness. He had ALS, a rare disease of the nervous system also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. In the beginning of the 1990s, his condition worsened, until he died on April 24, 1995, in Matsuyama at only 50 years old. Over 1000 people attended his funeral.

Three autobiographies were written, the first in 1981 "Sasurai Karate. Kagiri naki Charenji Supirittu", the second in 1986 "Karate ni moe karate ni ikiru", and the third "inochi no kotoba : Karate o aisuru hitobito e" translated is titled "The Word of life: For those who love Karate" was published after his death with the final chapter written by senior Honbu instructor Hiroshi Harada.

References

1944 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in Japan
Japanese male karateka
Karate coaches
Martial arts school founders
Sportspeople from Hiroshima Prefecture
Ashihara kaikan practitioners
Kyokushin kaikan practitioners
20th-century philanthropists

Hideyuki Ashihara


The Yopy was the name of a series of Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) made by GMate Corporation, also used as a popular PDA Phone in Korea and based on the Linux operating system. The Linux Documentation Project considers the Yopy series to be "true Linux PDAs" because their manufacturers install Linux-based operating systems on them by default.

Overview

At the CeBIT 2000, GMate introduced the YDK1000, the Yopy Development Kit. Without a physical keyboard this device looked very different from later versions. It came with an embedded Linux operating system and the W Window System. Later also precompiled versions of the X Window System and the IceWM window manager became available.

The first official model in the Yopy line of PDAs was the YP3000. It introduced the clam shell design with a full-Qwerty keyboard, and featured a 3.5 inch TFT screen. It also came with the X Window System and IceWM.

One of the features of the YP3500 is a CDMA module, so it can be used as a mobile phone.  In 2003, Wi-Fi was widely used in Korea, and so the YP3700 targeted this environment with an additional Wi-Fi module.

By March 2005 Gmate had stopped producing and selling the Yopy PDA and closed down its official web sites.

Yopy models

 YDK1000, the Yopy Development Kit
 YP3000, the first official model of the Yopy
 YP3500, CDMA module was added in YP3500
 YP3700, Wi-Fi module was added in YP3700

Yopy software

Because it used the Linux operating system, the Yopy was capable of running a variety of open source software.

References

External links
 Official Yopy site (offline)
 Yopy User Group (in Korean)
 The unofficial YopyWiki, find and share information about Yopy PDAs
 UK Based Re-seller for Europe (offline)
 UK Based Yopy User Group
 Gmate Yopy PDA review (offline)
 Mac OS X USB driver for Zaurus and Yopy
 Yopytheque: Yopy FAQs and how-tos in French @ Tuxmedia.com (offline)

Personal digital assistants
Linux-based devices
Embedded Linux

Yopy


E minor or E-flat minor is a minor scale based on E-flat.  Its key signature has six flats.

Its relative major is G-flat major, and its parallel major is E-flat major. Its enharmonic equivalent is D-sharp minor.

This key is not used much in orchestral music, and usually only to modulate. It is used in some keyboard pieces and has been most popular in Russian pieces. If piano music in this key must be arranged for orchestra, some people recommend transposing it into D minor or E minor.

In book 1 of the Well-Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach, Prelude No. 8 is written in E-flat minor while the following Fugue is written in D-sharp minor. In book 2, both movements are in D-sharp minor.

One of the few symphonies written in this key is Prokofiev's Symphony No. 6. A few other Soviet composers also wrote symphonies in this key, such as Eshpai, Janis Ivanovs (fourth symphony Atlantis, 1941), Ovchinnikov and Myaskovsky. Rachmaninov's "Elegie", Op. 3 No. 1 is in E-flat minor, as is his Études-Tableaux Op. 39 #5. These pieces are noted for being dark and mysterious, a mood this key has. This mood is shown even in the later jazz music "'Round Midnight" and "Take Five", which are also in the key.

The second movement to Gustav Mahler's Eighth Symphony has a long orchestral and choral introduction in E-flat minor. The dark orchestral introduction to Beethoven's only oratorio, Christ on the Mount of Olives, is also in this key.

Scales and keys

References
A. Morris, "Symphonies, Numbers And Keys" in Bob's Poetry Magazine, III.3 , 2006.

Musical keys
Minor scales

E-flat minor


The Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR), is a department of the Queensland Government. TMR was formed in April 2009 by merging Queensland Transport and the Department of Main Roads. TMR manages Queensland's 33,000 km state road network, which includes 3,100 bridges.

TMR employs more than 10,000 people, and provides customer service centres, marine operation bases and regional and divisional offices. The department works with Queensland Rail, port authorities, other state and federal government departments, local governments, industry, and the community.

Following the 2012 state election, Premier Campbell Newman appointed one Minister for the whole department. In 2015, Labor headed by Annastacia Palaszczuk won the state election. Jackie Trad was appointed Minister for Transport and Mark Bailey Minister for Main Roads, Road Safety and Ports. Bailey gained the Transport portfolio from Trad after the 2017 state election and the department once again reported to a single minister.

Initiatives
Because Queensland driver licences were susceptible to fraud the department initiated a smartcard driver licence project in 2003. The project has suffered from long delays and cost overruns. The transition to the new cards commenced in late 2010, and the new cards will replace laminated licences as they come up for renewal, expected to be within 6 years.

The Here For Life campaign was launched in 2009 and has been credited as being a great success in motorcycle rider safety.

Director-General
The current Director-General of the Department of Transport and Main Roads is Neil Scales.

Organisational structure
The department is split into five operational divisions: Policy, Planning and Investment; Customer Services, Safety and Regulation; Infrastructure Management and Delivery; Corporate; Translink.

References

External links
 Department of Transport and Main Roads
 Maritime Safety Queensland
 TransLink
 Transport and motoring franchise
 QLDTraffic

Transport
Transport in Queensland
Government agencies established in 2009
2009 establishments in Australia
Road authorities
State departments of transport of Australia

Department of Transport and Main Roads


The RGB color model is an additive color model. In this model red, green and blue colors are added together to form a new color.

An RGB color can be made by shining three colored lights of red, green, and blue onto a white wall in a dark room. Each light has a dimmer (to regulate its intensity.)

If only the red light is on, the wall will be red. If only the green light is on, the wall will look green. If the red and green lights are on together, the wall will look yellow. Dim the red light and the wall will become more of a yellow-green.

Each setting of the three dimmers will produce a different result, either in color or in brightness or both. The set of all possible results is the gamut. Swap the red lamp for one of a different brand that is slightly more orange, and there will be a slightly different gamut, since the set of all colors that can be produced with the three lights will be changed.

Details

The name of the model comes from the initials of the three primary colors, red, green, and blue.

The purpose of the RGB color model is for capturing, storing, and displaying images in digital electronic devices, such as photo cameras, television sets, video cameras and computers. Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.

The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad set of colors.  The three light beams are added together, and their light spectra add to make the final color's spectrum.  Zero intensity for each component gives the darkest color (no light, considered the black), and full intensity of each gives a white.
This is in stark contrast to physical paints, such as oil paint, which create black when mixed.

The additive color model is opposite to the subtractive color model, particularly the CMY color model.

History

The RGB color model is based on the Young–Helmholtz theory of trichromatic color vision, developed by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the early to mid-nineteenth century, and on James Clerk Maxwell's color triangle that elaborated that theory (circa 1860).

The first experiments with RGB in early color photography were made in 1861 by Maxwell himself, and involved the process of combining three color-filtered separate picture takes. To reproduce the color photograph, three matching projections over a screen in a dark room were necessary.

The modern RGB technology for color CRT displays was patented by Werner Flechsig in Germany in 1938.

Numeric values

A color in the RGB color model is recorded by indicating how much of each of the red, green, and blue is included. The color is expressed as an RGB triplet (r,g,b), each component of which can vary from zero to a defined maximum value. If all the components are at zero the result is black; if all are at maximum, the result is the brightest representable white.

These ranges may be quantified in several different ways:

 From 0 to 1, with any fractional value in between.  This representation is used in theoretical analyses, and in systems that use floating point representations.
 Each color component value can also be written as a percentage, from 0% to 100%.
 In computers, the component values are often stored as integer numbers in the range 0 to 255, the range that a single 8-bit byte can offer. These are often represented as either decimal or hexadecimal numbers.
 Sophisticated digital image equipment are often able to deal with larger integer ranges for each primary color, such as 0..1023 (10 bits), 0..65535 (16 bits) or even larger, by extending the 24-bits (three 8-bit values) to 32-bit, 48-bit, or 64-bit units.

For example, brightest saturated red is written in the different RGB notations as:

{| class="wikitable"
! Notation
! RGB triplet
|-
| Arithmetic
| (1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
|-
| Percentage
| (100%, 0%, 0%)
|-
| Digital 8-bit per channel
| (255, 0, 0) or sometimes #FF0000 (hexadecimal)
|-
| Digital 12-bit per channel
| (4095, 0, 0)
|-
| Digital 16-bit per channel
| (65535, 0, 0)
|}

Related pages
 CMY color model
 CMYK color model
 Color theory
 Complementary colour

References

Other websites

RGB mixer
RGB to HEX conversion
Demonstrative color conversion applet

Color model
Photography

RGB color model


Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) is the statutory body overseeing the development of the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India.
Headquartered at Kadavanthra, GCDA oversees the development of the major part of Greater Cochin area which consists of the Kochi Municipal Corporation, surrounding municipalities (Thrippunithura, Thrikkakara, Aluva, Kalamassery, Maradu, Eloor, North Paravur, Angamaly and Perumbavoor) and 21 intervening panchayats (Chellanam, Kumbalangi, Cheranelloor, Varappuzha, Chennamangalam, Kadamakkudy, Kadungalloor, Alengad, Chengamanad, Nedumbassery, ezhikkara, Chottanikkara, Choornikkara, Edathala, Kumbalam, Kottuvally and others) covering an area of 632 km2.

As of 2001, the area has a population of more than 2.5 million. GCDA is one of the two development authorities in Kochi, the other being GIDA which oversees development in the islands towards west of the Kochi mainland, and north of the harbour, covering a total area of 100 km2.

The state government and the GCDA have plans to include Angamaly , Perumbavoor , Piravom and Kolenchery in Ernakulam district; Mala and Kodungallur in Thrissur district; Thalayolaparambu and Vaikom in Kottayam ; and Cherthala in Alappuzha district within the Kochi metropolitan limits. The newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new authority called Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development Authority .

GCDA was the first exclusive agency formed for the development of any urban area in the state of Kerala. This led to the formation of development authorities for other cities in the state. The first of these were TRIDA – the Trivandrum Development Authority. Later development authorities were formed for Kozhikode and Thrissur as well.

Projects

Kochi Marine Drive

The Marine Drive is one of the most significant projects that GCDA has ever undertaken. The whole of the present Kochi Marine Drive (part of the Kochi Lake, west of the Shanmugham Road to the present Walkway) was claimed from the Kochi Lake in the 1980s. This land underwent several beautification initiatives, especially with the construction of the iconic Rainbow Bridge in 1992. This land later became home for a line of high-rises namely, the GateWay Residency Hotel, the Bay Pride Mall, Kerala Trade Centre etc. A common code for construction is enforced in this stretch of land which includes that the building could be of a maximum 13 storeys, the eastern and western boundaries of the buildings should coincide etc. The sub projects of the Kochi Marine Drive include:
 The Marine Walkway stretching from Subhas Chandra Bose Park in the south, to KSINC Boat Jetty in the north.
 The Rainbow Bridge which is part of the Marine Walkway
 The China Net Bridge which is part of the Marine Walkway
 GCDA Shopping Complex in Marine Drive.
 The Asoka-Tharangini Apartments

Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium

The largest stadium in Kerala with a seating capacity of 75000, and costed  75 Crore. This is one of the largest projects of the GCDA that was completed ahead of time and well within the budget. The stadium was constructed in 515 days under the leadership of V.J.Thomas IPS, Ex-Chairman, Greater Cochin Development Authority.

Other projects
 Maharaja's College Ground
 Rajendra maidan near Subhas Chandra Bose Park.
 Eastern Terminal of the Ernakulam Junction Railway Station
 Ambedkar Stadium near K.S.R.T.C bus station.
 Panampilly Nagar. The first ever planned urban housing colony in Kerala.
 Gandhi Nagar. Another planned housing colony developed by GCDA.
 Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road (KK Road) connecting Kadavanthra and Kaloor.
 Subhas Chandra Bose Road
 Changampuzha Park, the cultural centre in memory of late poet Sri. Changampuzha, at Edappally.

Infrastructure
The first B.O.T. project in Kerala, the Mattancherry Bridge was coordinated by GCDA. In addition, Kathrikadavu Railway Overbridge and Chilavannur Bund road bridge in Chilavannur puzha have been constructed by GCDA.

In road transport sector, apart from the roads developed as part of area development schemes, in Panampilly Nagar, Gandhi Nagar, Aluva, Rameswaram, and Parur, G.C.D.A has recently completed the 3.2-km long and 22-m wide Kaloor-Kadavanthra road, 15-m wide Subhash Chandra Bose Road, Chilavannur Bund Road (partially completed) and K.P. Vallon Road widening first phase, Panampilly Nagar Anamthuruthy road (partially completed) were taken up by G.C.D.A. Land has been made available to the corporation for the construction of 2-km long & 22-m wide Stadium Link Road, by GCDA by negotiation with the land owners. G.C.D.A. had taken a major role in the implementation of the 22-meter wide & 3 km long Sahodaran Ayyappan Road by getting land surrendered free of cost with the cooperation of Cochin Corporation.

Widening of Kaloor Palarivattom Road was taken up by State P.W.D. with the co-operation of GCDA in getting the land surrendered free of cost for road widening.

To decongest the south Railway Overbridge and to reduce traffic on M.G. Road and Chittoor road the eastern entry to the South Railway station was developed by GCDA. Greater Cochin Development Authority has thus developed a total of about 75 km. of road length of varying widths ranging from 7m to 36m with in the Greater Cochin Region.

Housing sector

 Constructed about 5000 Nos. of dwelling units for different income group within the Greater Cochin Region.
 Housing Loan given to about 15000 families scattered all over the Region.
 700 Houses constructed and allotted to low income families for rehabilitation.
 1700 Nos. of residential plots developed and sold to individuals.135 Acres of land given to different Government / quasi-Government agencies for group housing.

GCDA have developed many planned housing colonies such as Panampilly Nagar, Gandhi Nagar, Kasthurba Nagar, Shastri Nagar, Indira Nagar and Subash Nagar

Controversies
The Indian railways was hesitant to run and use the GCDA owned building at Platform 6 at Ernakulam junction railway station. it is believed to be the reason behind the delay of employing the platform 6 for services. Also the parking area was run by GCDA and the fare differed with the parking area at platform 1.

See also
 Kochi
 Kochi UA
 Corporation of Cochin
 Kingdom of Cochin

References

External links

 Official site of the Greater Cochin Development Authority

Government of Kochi
Economy of Kochi
State urban development authorities of India
State agencies of Kerala
1976 establishments in Kerala
Government agencies established in 1976

Greater Cochin Development Authority


In a wiki, document mode is the conventional mode of editing, in which the current version of the page is a coherent and self-contained whole, reflecting only the result of the last update and not any history. The page is simply the current version of the document, hence the name document mode.

In document mode, maintenance of the history is left entirely to the wiki software, as opposed to thread mode, where the history of a discussion is also reflected in the current page.

MediaWiki provides the even-numbered namespaces for document mode, often used for articles and other pages such as policy documents, and for each an odd-numbered namespace for discussion, in thread mode.

External links
MeatBall description of document mode
A discussion of the use of document mode

Wiki concepts

Document mode


Theodore Clement Steele (September 11, 1847 – July 24, 1926) was an American Impressionist painter known for his Indiana landscapes. Steele was an innovator and leader in American Midwest painting and is one of the most famous of Indiana's Hoosier Group painters. In addition to painting, Steele contributed writings, public lectures, and hours of community service on art juries that selected entries for national and international exhibitions, most notably the Universal Exposition (1900) in Paris, France, and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904) in Saint Louis, Missouri. He was also involved in organizing pioneering art associations, such as the Society of Western Artists.

Steele's work has appeared in a number of prestigious exhibitions, including the World's Columbian Exposition (1893) in Chicago, Illinois; the Five Hoosier Painters exhibition (1894) in Chicago; the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904) in Saint Louis; the International Exhibit of Fine Arts (1910) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Santiago, Chile; and at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition (1915) in San Francisco, California.

Steele's work is widely collected by museums and individuals. His paintings in public collections include those of the Haan Mansion Museum of Indiana Art,  Indiana State Museum, Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and the Indiana University Art Museum in Bloomington, Indiana, among others.

Steele's contributions were recognized with honorary degrees from Wabash College in 1900 and Indiana University in 1916. In addition, Steele was elected to an associate membership in New York's National Academy of Design in 1913.

Early life and education
Steele was born near Gosport in Owen County, Indiana, on September 11, 1847, the eldest child of Samuel Hamilton and Harriett Newell Evans Steele. Steele's father was a saddle maker and farmer. In 1852 the family moved to Waveland in Montgomery County, Indiana, where Steele developed an interest in art and learned to draw.  The T.C. Steele Boyhood Home at Waveland was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Steele began formal art training as a boy at the Waveland Collegiate Institute (Waveland Academy). At sixteen, he continued his art training at Asbury College (now DePauw University) in Greencastle, Indiana. Steele also studied briefly in Chicago, Illinois, and Cincinnati, Ohio, before returning to Indiana to paint portraits on commission.

Marriage and family
In 1870 Steele married Mary Elizabeth (Libby) Lakin. The couple moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, where a son Rembrandt, or Brandt, was born in 1870; a daughter Margaret (Daisy) was born in 1872. Soon after Daisy's birth the family moved to Indianapolis, Indiana. Although it was difficult, Steele managed to support his family by painting commissioned portraits and commercial signs. In addition, Steele had occasional public exhibits of his work such as the Indiana Art Association's First Quarterly Exhibition at the Indiana School of Art On May 7, 1878, with his fellow Hoosier artists Jacob Cox (1810-1892), William Forsyth (1854–1935), Charles Joseph Fiscus (1861-1884), and others. Another son, Shirley, was born in Indianapolis in 1879. Libby, who suffered from chronic rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis, died in 1899. Daisy Steele married Gustave Neubacher of Indianapolis in 1905.

Steele married Selma Laura Neubacher, an Indianapolis art educator and Gustave's older sister, on August 9, 1907, in Indianapolis. The newlyweds immediately moved into a newly constructed, four-room home, which they named the House of the Singing Winds, on more than  of hilltop land in Brown County, Indiana. In 1910 Steele purchased the adjoining 40-acre tract as an addition to his original 171-acre tract, bringing the total acreage to . T. C. and Selma, who was twenty-five years younger than Steele, had no children together. She died on August 28, 1945.

Career

Munich, Germany
To help Steele obtain additional art training in Europe, his friend and art patron, Herman Lieber, arranged to provide financial support for the family so Steele could study at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. In exchange for future paintings from Steele, thirteen patrons each pledged $100 to support Steele's studies. In 1880 the Steele family sailed to Europe with fellow Hoosiers J. Ottis Adams, Carrie Wolf, August Metzner, and Samuel Richards. The group was joined two years later by Hoosier artist William Forsyth. In addition to training at the Royal Academy under the instruction of artists Gyula Benczúr and Ludwig Löfftz, Steele spent hours studying paintings of the Old Masters in Munich's Alte Pinakothek galleries.  He also painted in the countryside with his family and other artists, including Boston landscape painter J. Frank Currier. Steele enjoyed plein air, or outdoor painting, which is reflected in many of his landscapes. At Steele's request, his sponsors extended their financial support so that he could continue studies in Munich for two more years.  Steele also used funds earned from painting copies of Old Masters to pay for several additional months before the family returned to Indiana in 1885.

Central Indiana
Upon their return to Indianapolis, the Steele family rented the Tinker mansion (Talbott Place) at Sixteenth and Pennsylvania Streets. Steele kept a studio downtown, where he could paint and display his work while he earned a living primarily as a portrait painter and art teacher. Around 1886 Steele had a studio built on the Tinker property, and the home, already an Indianapolis landmark, became a hub for the local arts community.

Steele's paintings showed a notable change in style after his return from Munich. Steele's Munich paintings sported dark, drab colors and high contrasts, but his work in Indiana gradually shifted toward a brighter, more vivid color palette. Steele was especially interested in capturing the beauty of nature through expressions of light and color. His paintings included both urban and rural scenes and depicted changes of season as well as weather conditions of snow, rain, and sunshine. Steele's works show a "sympathetic" and "technical grasp of his subjects" with a "comprehension of the majestic aspects of nature" with "much feeling for the influence of light and atmosphere."

In addition to local exhibitions, Steele's art appeared outside of Indiana, including the Eighth Annual Exhibition of the prestigious Society of American Artists  at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City in 1886. During the summer months, Steele took his family to the country, where he painted rural landscapes. The Muscatatuck River near Vernon, Indiana, was a favorite locale. Fellow landscape artist Forsyth frequently accompanied Steele on these expeditions. Steele also painted in Vermont and Tennessee, where he had taken his first wife, Libby, in hopes of improving her health.

The 1890s were a turning point in Steele's career. In 1890 Steele published The Steele Portfolio, which contained twenty-five photogravure prints of his paintings, including The Boatman, his prize-winning student work from Munich. In 1891 Forsyth joined Steele as an instructor at the Indiana Art School, which Steele established in 1889. Steele continued to teach there until 1895, before returning to painting on a full-time basis. In November 1894 the Art Association of Indianapolis sponsored the Exhibit of Summer Work by Steele, Forsyth, Richard B. Gruelle, and Otto Stark. The exhibition so impressed art critic and novelist Hamlin Garland that he arranged to have the exhibition shown in Chicago. Sponsored by the Central Art Association, the Indiana exhibit, called Five Hoosier Painters, expanded to include paintings by Adams. This Chicago exhibition is credited with launching the careers of the Hoosier Group of Indiana painters.

Throughout the 1890s, Steele painted landscapes during the warm months and returned to a winter studio to paint portraits, still his primary source of income. In addition, Steele actively exhibited his work, delivered lectures, and helped organize the Society of Western Artists, whose annual exhibition attracted national attention. Steele later became the organization's president. Steele painted outdoors near Vernon, then moved on to Bloomington in Monroe County, Indiana, and Metamora in Franklin County, Indiana, where he did some of his best work. The area around Metamora was instrumental in the development of Hoosier landscape painting. Fellow landscape painters Adams, Forsyth, Stark and others joined Steele as he painted outdoors. In 1898 Steele and Adams bought a home in Brookville, Indiana, eight miles east of Metamora, so they could be closer to the area's scenic beauty. Named The Hermitage, the home was quiet, secluded, and provided a place where the artists could work without interruption. In 1899 Steele became a member of the jury that selected American paintings for inclusion in the Paris Universal Exposition in 1900, a world's fair expected to attract millions of visitors. Sadly, Steele's wife, Libby, died at the age of forty-nine in November 1899.

The new century marked a number of changes in Steele's life. In 1900 he received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana. That same year the Art Association of Indianapolis received a large donation from John Herron to establish a museum and art school in the city. The association selected the Tinker mansion, Steele's home in Indianapolis, and purchased the property from his landlord. Steele's art studio became the first Herron School of Art. Steele leased another home on East Saint Clair Street in Indianapolis. Portrait commissions remained a major source of income for Steele and his subjects included poet James Whitcomb Riley, the official portraits of several Indiana governors, President Benjamin Harrison, and other prominent Hoosiers.

In 1902 Steele and his daughter, Daisy, traveled to the West Coast to visit family in Oregon and Redlands, California. The cross-county trip inspired Steele to paint more than a dozen exceptional works of art. He entered several of his West Coast paintings in the Society of Western Artists' Sixth Annual Exhibition, which was well received by art critics. Steele and his daughter made another cross-country trip in 1903. A year later Steele was invited to be a juror on the selection committee of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the 1904 world's fair at Saint Louis. Four of Steele's paintings were selected for the exposition and an additional five paintings were shown in the Indiana Building. At home in Indianapolis, Steele became actively involved in plans for the Art Association's new museum, serving as chair of the acquisitions committee. The Tinker house was demolished in 1905 to make space for the Herron Art Institute.  In 1906 Steele sold his interest  in The Hermitage at Brookville to Adams and returned to Indianapolis, where he remained active in the arts community.

Brown County, Indiana

T. C. Steele home and studio

As Steele explored new places to paint, he discovered an isolated area of Brown County, Indiana, where he built a hilltop studio-home on  of land one and a half miles south of Belmont, between Bloomington and Nashville, Indiana. Steele moved into the new summer residence with his second wife, Selma, in August 1907. Inspired by the breezes blowing through the cottage's screened porches, they named it the House of the Singing Winds. The land, while not suitable for agricultural purpose, provided Steele with "beautiful picturesque woods and hills and valleys."

Slowly, over time, the Steeles developed their Brown County property, acquiring additional acreage to increase it to a total of  of land, and making further improvements to include an enlarged home and surround it with beautiful gardens, a barn-sized studio-gallery, and several other outbuildings. The couple made it their year-round residence in 1912.

Shortly before Selma's death in 1945, she donated the property on  of land to the Indiana Department of Conservation (the present-day Indiana Department of Natural Resources) to establish a state historic site in memory of her husband. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Theodore Clement Steele House and Studio.  The Indiana Department of Natural Resources operated the T. C. Steele State Historic Site until the Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites took over site management. The site is open to the public and offers guided tours of the home and studio.

Steele kept a studio in Indianapolis, but his home in rural Brown County increasingly attracted visitors and other artists to the area. Despite its remote location, visitors came out of curiosity to see the scenic beauty surrounding the painter's home. Steele's presence in Brown County, along with other full-time resident artists such as Will Vawter, Gustave Baumann, Dale Bessire, and others, helped attract newcomers to the growing Brown County Art Colony.

Steele's reputation in the art world continued to rise. In 1913 he was elected as an associate artist to the National Academy of Design in New York, confirming Steele's standing as the most famous Hoosier artist of his time. Three of his paintings were accepted in the prestigious Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California, in 1915.

Later years
In 1922 Steele accepted an appointment as Indiana University's first artist in residence. Steele and his wife, Selma, rented a home in Bloomington, Indiana, during the winter months, but returned to their home in Brown County each summer. On campus Steele kept a studio on the top floor of IU's University Library (now Franklin Hall), where he and his wife greeted visitors and students could watch him paint.

Steele continued to exhibit his art, including a major exhibition called the Hoosier Salon, held in Chicago and organized by The Daughters of Indiana. He also maintained a busy lecture schedule.

Death and legacy
In December 1925, Steele suffered a heart attack. Although he recovered and continued to paint, he became ill the following June and died at home in Brown County on July 24, 1926. His ashes were buried on a hillside that was reserved for a family cemetery (the T. C. Steele Memorial Cemetery) on the Steeles' property near Belmont in Brown County, Indiana.

Honors and tributes
 Steele was awarded an honorary doctorate from Indiana University in 1916 .
 The Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau has erected two historical markers to honor Steele's contributions.
 One marker, installed in 1992, honors the artist, along with his home and studio in Brown County, Indiana.
 The second marker, installed in 2015, honors Steele's contributions and his former Indianapolis residence, which became the site of the John Herron Art Institute.
 In 2016, as part of Indiana's bicentennial celebration, the Indiana Historical Society presented "Indiana Impressions: The Art of T. C. Steele" as a tribute to the Hoosier painter, whom art experts consider as the state's best-known landscape artist. The exhibition in Indianapolis included forty-three of his paintings from private collections.

Selected works
Notable landscapes and portraits:
  The Boatman (1884) won a silver medal while Steele was a student at the Royal Academy in Munich.
  On the Muscatatuk (1886) was selected to appear in the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.
  September (1892) was selected to appear in the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893.
  Bloom of the Grape (1893) received an honorable mention at the Paris Exposition in 1900.
  November Morning (1904) was selected to appear at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 in Saint Louis.
  The Old Mills (1903) was selected to appear at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 in Saint Louis.
  The Cloud received the Richmond (Indiana) Art Museum's Mary T. R. Foulke prize in 1906.
  The Belmont Road, Late Autumn received the Richmond Art Museum's Mary T. R. Foulke prize in 1910.
  A March Morning received the Fine Arts Building prize at the Fourteenth Society of Western Artists' annual exhibition in 1909.
  The Hill Country, Brown County received the Rector Prize at the Hoosier Salon exhibition in 1926.
  Benjamin Harrison (1900)
  Eli Lilly (1910)
  James Whitcomb Riley (1891)

Public collections
  Art Museum of Greater Lafayette (Lafayette, Indiana): Winter in the Ravine
  David Owsley Museum of Art Ball State University (Muncie, Indiana): Tennessee Mountain Land, and other paintings
 Haan Mansion Museum of Indiana Art (Lafayette, Indiana): numerous paintings
  Indiana Historical Society (Indianapolis): Robert Mansur Wulsin
  Indiana Memorial Union (Indiana University, Bloomington): numerous paintings
  Indiana State Museum (Indianapolis): public exhibition with numerous paintings
  Indiana University Art Museum (Bloomington): numerous paintings
  Indianapolis Museum of Art: Village of Schliersee, Highlands, and other paintings as well as works on paper
  Los Angeles County Museum of Art: Sunlight, Late Summer
  Maier Museum of Art at Randolph College (Lynchburg, Virginia): Autumn Landscape
  President Benjamin Harrison Home (Indianapolis): Benjamin Harrison
  Richmond Art Museum (Richmond, Indiana): In the Whitewater Valley, Near Metamora, 1899
  Swope Art Museum (Terre Haute, Indiana)
  T. C. Steele State Historic Site (Brown County, Indiana): numerous paintings

Notes

References
  Burnet, Mary Q. Art and Artists of Indiana. New York: The Century Company, 1921. OCLC 2654108. WorldCat

  Gerdts, William H., Theodore L. Steele, Evansville Museum of Arts and Science, and Valparaiso University Museum of Art. Theodore Clement Steele, an American Master of Light. New York: Chameleon Books, 1995. OCLC 33132008. WorldCat
  Krause, Martin. The Passage: Return of Indiana Painters from Germany, 1880–1905. Indianapolis, IN: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1990. . WorldCat
  Newton, Judith Vale, and Carol Weiss. A Grand Tradition: The Art and Artists of the Hoosier Salon, 1925-1990. Indianapolis, IN: Hoosier Salon Patrons Assoc., 1993. . WorldCat
  Perry, Rachel Berenson. Paint and Canvas: A Life of T. C. Steele. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2011. . WorldCat

  Steele, Selma N., Theodore L. Steele, and Wilbur D. Peat. The House of the Singing Winds: The Life and Work of T. C. Steele. 2nd ed.  Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1989. OCLC 1051096. WorldCat
  Steele, Theodore Clement and Mary Lakin Steele Papers, 1869–1966. "Collection Guide." William Henry Smith Memorial Library, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, IN. Retrieved January 25, 2012.

Further reading
  Holladay, Ruth. "Auction draws new picture of state's art history, appreciation." The Indianapolis Star. January 22, 2004.
  Authentic T.C. Steele paintings are valuable, with one painting fetching $220,000 in 2004.
  Mannheimer, Steve. "More forgeries of T.C. Steele paintings found; probe grows." The Indianapolis Star. November 20, 1984.
  In the 1980s, a number of Steele forgeries were placed in the public spotlight.
  Perry, Rachel Berenson. "Brushstrokes: Traces of T. C. Steele's Indiana Footprints" Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History 23 (Fall 2011): 12–23.

External links

 Artcyclopedia.com
 Askart.com
 Slideshow of Steele paintings, Indiana University Foundation
 State historical site marker, T. C. Steele Home and Studio (Brown County, Indiana)
 State historical site marker, T. C. Steele Studio and Herron (Marion County, Indiana)
  (Indiana Bicentennial Minute, 2016)
 T. C. Steele at The Athenaeum
 T. C. Steele State Historic Site

1847 births
1926 deaths
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
American Impressionist painters
American landscape painters
19th-century American painters
19th-century American male artists
American male painters
People from Owen County, Indiana
Artists from Indianapolis
Hoosier Group landscape painters
Painters from Indiana
National Academy of Design associates
People from Brown County, Indiana
20th-century American painters
20th-century American male artists
Indianapolis Museum of Art people

T. C. Steele


A past paper is an examination paper from a previous year or previous years, usually used either for exam practice or for tests such as University of Oxford, University of Cambridge College Collections.

Exam candidates find past papers valuable in test preparation. Some organizations responsible for holding exams have made past exam papers commercially available by either publishing the papers by themselves or licensing a publisher to do the same. For example, UPSC papers in India, SAT papers in U.S. and GCSE and A level papers in UK are being sold, as well as other exams worldwide.

Previous year question papers are to assess student's brilliancy and capabilities. Students who are preparing for competition exams generally look for past papers. These question papers will help you to have an idea about the main exam. Students typically find these past papers, as private websites reveal more information than the official websites.

Many countries such as Singapore publish past examination papers from various sources and publishers such as MOE, SEAB and Education Publishing House (EPH), where many students found it extremely beneficial and useful as many exam-styled questions that are asked in past examination papers are often repeated in the future examination papers, except for wording. Furthermore, these past examination papers are useful for students to prepare for national examinations such as PSLE, N Level, O Level and A Level. Before the EPH could publish past examination papers in the form of books, the publisher must first seek permission from SEAB and MOE, as failure to do so may result in copyright infringement.

References

School examinations
Student culture

Past paper